(A) supporting meaningful legal and con-
stitutional reforms that remove remaining re-
strictions on civil and political rights and en-
sure civilian governance, including reforms to 
the current constitutional provision reserving 25 
percent of parliamentary seats for appointments 
by the military, which provides the military with 
veto power over constitutional amendments; 
(B) establishing a fully democratic, plural-
istic, and representative political system that in-
cludes regularized free and fair elections in 
which all people of Burma can vote; 
(C) promoting genuine national reconcili-
ation, the conclusion of a credible and sustain-
able nationwide cease-fire agreement, including 
political accommodation of ethnic Shan, Kachin, 
Chin, Karen, and other ethnic groups, measures 
to address natural resource governance and rev-
enue-sharing, and constitutional change ena-
bling inclusive, permanent peace; 
(D) ensuring accountability for human 
rights abuses, ethnic cleansing, crimes against 
humanity, or genocide perpetrated against the 
Rohingya, Kachin, Shan, Chin, and other ethnic 
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minorities by the military of Burma and other 
combatants involved in the conflict; 
(E) strengthening civilian institutions in 
the government, including support for greater 
transparency and accountability; 
(F) establishing professional and non-
partisan military, security, and police forces 
that operate under civilian control, subject to 
civilian oversight, and are held fully accountable 
for human rights abuses, corruption, or other 
abuses of power; 
(G) combating rampant corruption and il-
legal economic activity, including that which in-
volves the military and its close allies; 
(H) empowering local communities, civil 
society, and independent media; 
(I) ensuring that the Government of 
Burma 
provides 
full 
citizenship 
for 
the 
Rohingya population in Burma as well as for 
those displaced in Bangladesh; 
(J) promoting responsible international 
and regional engagement; 
(K) strengthening respect for and protec-
tion of human rights and religious freedom; and 
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(L) addressing and ending the humani-
tarian and human rights crises and supporting 
the ability of the displaced Rohingya to volun-
tarily return to their homes, under safe, dig-
nified, and internationally approved conditions. 
SEC. 103. SENSE OF CONGRESS WITH RESPECT TO HUMANI-
TARIAN ASSISTANCE, FREEDOM OF MOVE-
MENT, AND RIGHTS OF RETURNEES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) significant and sustained international sup-
port, from both public and private sources, will be 
necessary to address the medium- and long-term im-
pacts of the crisis in Burma and the impact of the 
crisis on Bangladesh; and 
(2) the United States should make resolving the 
Rohingya crisis one of its top priorities in its en-
gagement with regional institutions such as the As-
sociation of Southeast Asian Nations. 
(b) RESTORATION OF HUMANITARIAN ACCESS AND 
ACCOUNTABILITY IN RAKHINE STATE.—Congress calls on 
the Government of Burma and Burmese security forces 
to ensure complete and unfettered humanitarian access in 
the State of Rakhine and to support an independent inter-
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national fact-finding mission to investigate allegations of 
ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity, and genocide. 
(c) RIGHTS OF REFUGEES, INTERNALLY DISPLACED 
PERSONS, AND RETURNEES.—Congress calls on the Gov-
ernment of Burma to— 
(1) ensure that Rohingya have freedom of 
movement and under no circumstances are subject 
to unsafe, involuntary, or uninformed repatriation; 
(2) create conditions for return of those dis-
placed from their homes by fully implementing the 
recommendations of the Advisory Commission on 
Rakhine State and implementing full and equal citi-
zenship; 
(3) to work closely with the international com-
munity including the United Nations High Commis-
sioner for Refugees to ensure the dignified, safe, and 
voluntary return of all those displaced from their 
homes, especially from Rakhine State, without an 
unduly high burden of proof; and 
(4) to offer to those refugees who do not want 
to return a meaningful alternative, including com-
pensation or restitution. 
SEC. 104. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PRESS FREEDOM. 
It is the sense of Congress that in order to promote 
the freedom of the press in Burma— 
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(1) Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo should be im-
mediately and unconditionally released and should 
have access to legal counsel and to their families; 
and 
(2) the decision to use a colonial-era law to ar-
rest these reporters underscores the need for serious 
legal reform, including reform of the Official Secrets 
Act, 1923 and the Unlawful Association Act, 1908. 
SEC. 105. SENSE OF CONGRESS WITH RESPECT TO IMPOSI-
TION OF SANCTIONS UNDER THE GLOBAL 
MAGNITSKY 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
ACCOUNT-
ABILITY ACT. 
It is the sense of Congress that the President should 
impose appropriate sanctions under the Global Magnitsky 
Human Rights Accountablity Act (subtitle F of title XII 
of Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2533; 22 U.S.C. 2656 
note) against officials and other persons in Burma who 
are responsible for gross violations of internationally rec-
ognized human rights or acts of significant corruption. 
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TITLE 
II—ASSISTANCE 
AND 
SANCTIONS 
WITH 
RESPECT 
TO BURMA 
SEC. 201. AUTHORIZATION FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSIST-
ANCE AND RECONCILIATION. 
There is authorized to be appropriated $151,600,000 
for fiscal year 2019 for humanitarian assistance for 
Burma, Bangladesh, and the surrounding region, includ-
ing— 
(1) assistance for the victims of the Burmese 
military’s ethnic cleansing campaign targeting the 
Rohingya in Rakhine State, including those dis-
placed in Bangladesh, Burma, and the surrounding 
region; 
(2) support for voluntary resettlement or repa-
triation efforts regionally; and 
(3) humanitarian assistance to victims of vio-
lence and destruction in Rakhine State. 
SEC. 202. LIMITATION ON SECURITY ASSISTANCE AND MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY SECTOR COOPERATION. 
(a) LIMITATION ON MILITARY AND SECURITY SEC-
TOR COOPERATION.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the United States may not provide any security assist-
ance or engage in any military-to-military programs with 
the military or security forces of Burma, including 
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through training, observation, or participation in regional 
exercises, until the date on which the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, certifies to 
the appropriate congressional committees that the military 
and security forces of Burma have demonstrated signifi-
cant progress in abiding by international human rights 
standards and are undertaking meaningful and significant 
security sector reform, including reforms that enhance 
transparency and accountability, to prevent future abuses 
and that each of the following criteria have been met: 
(1) The Burmese military and security forces 
adhere to international humanitarian law, dem-
onstrate significant progress in abiding by inter-
national standards for human rights, and pledge to 
stop future human rights abuses. 
(2) The Burmese military and security forces 
support efforts to carry out meaningful and com-
prehensive investigations of alleged abuses and are 
taking steps to hold accountable those members of 
such military and security forces responsible for 
human rights abuses. 
(3) The Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, allow immediate and 
unfettered humanitarian access to communities in 
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areas affected by conflict, including Rohingya com-
munities in the State of Rakhine. 
(4) The Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, cooperates with the 
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 
and organizations affiliated with the United Nations 
to ensure the protection of displaced persons and the 
safe, voluntary, and dignified return of refugees and 
internally displaced persons. 
(5) The Burmese military and security forces 
cease their attacks against ethnic minority groups 
and constructively participate in the conclusion of a 
credible, nationwide ceasefire agreement, political ac-
commodation, and constitutional change, including 
the restoration of the citizenship of the Rohingya. 
(6) The Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, defines a transparent 
plan with a binding timeline for professionalizing the 
military and security forces and includes a process 
by which the military withdraws from private-sector 
business enterprises and ceases involvement in the il-
legal trade in natural resources and narcotics. 
(7) The Government of Burma establishes ef-
fective civilian control over the finances of its mili-
tary and security forces, including by ensuring that 
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the military does not have access to off-budget in-
come and that military expenditures are subject to 
adequate civilian oversight. 
(b) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(1) CERTAIN
EXISTING
AUTHORITIES.—The 
Secretary of Defense shall retain the authority to 
conduct consultations with Burma pursuant to the 
authorization under section 1253 of the Carl Levin 
and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 note). 
(2) HOSPITALITY.—The Secretary of State and 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment may provide assistance authorized under part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 et seq.) to provide hospitality during research, 
dialogues, meetings, or other activities by the parties 
attending the Union Peace Conference 21st Century 
Paneling or related processes seeking inclusive, sus-
tainable reconciliation. 
(c) MILITARY REFORM.—The certification required 
under subsection (a) shall include a written justification 
in unclassified form that may contain a classified annex 
describing the Burmese military’s efforts to implement re-
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forms, end impunity for human rights abuses, and in-
crease transparency and accountability. 
(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 
may be construed to authorize the Secretary of Defense 
to provide assistance to the Government of Burma except 
as provided in this section. 
(e) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense and the 
Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report, in unclassified 
form with a classified annex, on the strategy and 
plans for military-to-military engagement between 
the United States Armed Forces and the military 
and security forces of Burma. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following elements: 
(A) A description and assessment of the 
Government of Burma’s strategy for security 
sector reform, including plans to withdraw the 
military from owning or controlling private-sec-
tor business entities and end involvement in the 
illicit trade in jade and other natural resources, 
reforms to end corruption and illicit drug traf-
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ficking, and constitutional reforms to ensure ci-
vilian control. 
(B) A list of ongoing military activities 
conducted by the United States Government 
with the Government of Burma, and a descrip-
tion of the United States strategy for future 
military-to-military engagements between the 
United States and Burma’s military and secu-
rity forces, including the military of Burma, the 
Burma Police Force, and armed ethnic groups. 
(C) An assessment of the progress of the 
military and security forces of Burma towards 
developing a framework to implement human 
right reforms, including— 
(i) cooperation with civilian authori-
ties to investigate and prosecute cases of 
serious, credible, or gross human rights 
abuses; 
(ii) steps taken to demonstrate respect 
for and implementation of the laws of war; 
and 
(iii) a description of the elements of 
the military-to-military engagement be-
tween the United States and Burma that 
promote such implementation. 
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(D) An assessment of progress on the 
peaceful settlement of armed conflicts between 
the Government of Burma and ethnic minority 
groups, including actions taken by the military 
of Burma to adhere to cease-fire agreements, 
allow for safe and voluntary returns of dis-
placed persons to their homes, and withdraw 
forces from conflict zones. 
(E) An assessment of the Burmese’s mili-
tary recruitment and use of children as soldiers. 
(F) An assessment of the Burmese’s mili-
tary’s use of violence against women, sexual vio-
lence, or other gender-based violence as a tool 
of terror, war, or ethnic cleansing. 
(f) REGULAR CONSULTATIONS.—Any new program 
or activity carried out under this section shall be subject 
to prior consultation with the appropriate congressional 
committees. 
SEC. 203. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN FOREIGN PERSONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—For the 8-year period beginning 
on the date that is 270 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions 
described in subsection (b) with respect to each foreign 
person that the President determines— 
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(1) is a current or former senior official of the 
military or security forces of Burma who know-
ingly— 
(A) perpetrated or is responsible for order-
ing or otherwise directing serious human rights 
abuses in Burma; or 
(B) failed to investigate serious human 
rights abuses allegedly committed by one or 
more subordinates of such official, including 
against the Rohingya community in the state of 
Rakhine; 
(2) is an entity owned or controlled by any per-
son described in paragraph (1); and 
(3) has knowingly provided or received signifi-
cant financial, material, or technological support to 
or from a foreign person, including the immediate 
family members of such person, described in para-
graph (1) for any of the acts described in subpara-
graph (A) or (B) of such paragraph. 
(b) SANCTIONS.—The sanctions described in this sec-
tion are the following: 
(1) ASSET BLOCKING.—Notwithstanding the re-
quirements of section 202 of the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701), 
the exercise of all powers granted to the President 
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by such Act to the extent necessary to block and 
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests 
in property of a person the President determines 
meets one or more of the criteria described in sub-
section (a) if such property and interests in property 
are in the United States, come within the United 
States, or are or come within the possession or con-
trol of a United States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
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(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and 
(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
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between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(c) PENALTIES.—Any person that violates, attempts 
to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this 
section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry 
out subsection (b) shall be subject to the penalties set 
forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an 
unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. 
(d) EXCEPTIONS.—Subsection (b)(2) shall not apply 
to the admission of an individual to the United States if 
such admission is necessary to comply with United States 
obligations under the Agreement between the United Na-
tions and the United States of America regarding the 
Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Suc-
cess June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 
1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, 
done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force 
March 19, 1967, or other international obligations of the 
United States. 
(e) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise 
the authorities provided under section 203 and 205 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section. 
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(f) WAIVER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may annually 
waive the application of sanctions required by sub-
section (a) with respect to a person if the Presi-
dent— 
(A) determines that such waiver is in the 
national interest of the United States; and 
(B) not later than the date on which such 
waiver will take effect, submits to the congres-
sional committees listed in paragraph (2) a no-
tice of and justification for such waiver. 
(2) CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES
LISTED.— 
The congressional committees listed in this para-
graph are the following: 
(A) The Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Appropriations, and the Com-
mittee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives. 
(B) The Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban 
Affairs of the Senate. 
(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms ‘‘admitted’’ 
and ‘‘alien’’ have the meanings given those terms in 
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section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1001). 
(2) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-
son’’ means a person that is not a United States 
person. 
(3) 
KNOWINGLY.—The 
term 
‘‘knowingly’’ 
means, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or 
a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, 
or should have known, of the conduct, the cir-
cumstance, or the result. 
(4) 
UNITED
STATES
PERSON.—The 
term 
‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(A) a United States citizen, an alien law-
fully admitted for permanent residence to the 
United States, or any other individual subject 
to the jurisdiction of the United States; or 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of 
the United States or of any jurisdiction within 
the United States, including a foreign branch of 
such entity. 
SEC. 204. FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY. 
(a) AMENDMENT TO PROPERTY SUBJECT TO FOR-
FEITURE.—Section 981(a)(1) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(J) Any property, real or personal, that is 
involved in a violation or attempted violation of, 
or which constitutes or is derived from proceeds 
traceable to, a prohibition imposed pursuant to 
section 203 of the Burma Unified through Rig-
orous Military Accountability Act of 2018.’’. 
(b) AMENDMENT
TO DEFINITION
OF CIVIL FOR-
FEITURE.—Section 983(i)(2)(D) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘, or the’’ and inserting ‘‘, the’’; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end before the semicolon 
the following: ‘‘, or section 203 of the Burma United 
through Rigorous Military Accountability Act of 
2018’’. 
TITLE III—GOVERNANCE OF THE 
BURMESE MINING AND GEM-
STONE SECTOR 
SEC. 301. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE BURMESE MINING 
SECTOR AND THE IMPORTATION OF BUR-
MESE GEMSTONES OR MINERALS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) In 2015, the nongovernmental organization 
Global Witness estimated that the value of total pro-
duction 
of 
jade 
in 
Burma 
in 
2014 
was 
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$31,000,000,000, almost 48 percent of the official 
gross domestic product of Burma. As much as 80 
percent of that jade sold is smuggled out of Burma. 
(2) Burma’s military and associated entities, in-
cluding companies owned or controlled by Myanmar 
Economic Corporation and Myanmar Economic 
Holding Limited, their affiliated companies and 
companies owned or controlled by current and 
former senior military officers or their family mem-
bers, are deeply embedded in the mining sector, in-
cluding the gemstone industry, and benefit finan-
cially from widespread illicit smuggling of jade and 
rubies from Burma. 
(3) 
Illegal 
trafficking 
in 
precious 
and 
semiprecious stones from Burma, including the lu-
crative trade in high-value jade and rubies, deprives 
the people of Burma and the civilian government of 
critical revenue and instead benefits military-linked 
entities, non-state armed groups, and transnational 
organized criminal networks. 
(4) The Government of Burma has begun to 
take steps to reform aspects of the mining sector, in-
cluding governance in the gemstone industry by tem-
porarily suspending the issuance or renewal of jade 
and gemstone mining permits; commissioning an en-
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vironmental management plan for some mining 
areas; and establishing the multi-stakeholder Jade 
and Gemstone Support Committee under the Min-
istry of Natural Resources and Environmental Con-
servation to develop recommendations for a new in-
dustry-wide policy and limited gemstone payment 
disclosures under the Myanmar Extractives Industry 
transparency Initiative. 
(5) The lifting in October 2016 of United 
States sanctions on the importation of jadeite and 
rubies from Burma allowed such gemstones to le-
gally enter the United States market, but some re-
tailers have refrained from sourcing gemstones of 
Burmese origin due to governance and reputational 
concerns. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States should deepen engage-
ment with the Government of Burma with respect to 
the mining sector and should make available tech-
nical, capacity-building and other assistance through 
the Department of State or the United States Agen-
cy for International Development to support the 
Government of Burma in efforts to reform the gem-
stone industry; and 
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(2) companies that seek to import into the 
United States gemstones or minerals that may be of 
Burmese origin or articles of jewelry containing such 
gemstones should— 
(A) obtain such materials exclusively from 
entities that satisfy the transparency criteria 
described in section 302(b) or from third par-
ties that can credibly demonstrate that they 
sourced the materials from entities that meet 
such criteria; and 
(B) undertake robust due diligence proce-
dures in line with the Due Diligence Guidance 
for Responsible Business Conduct and Due 
Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply 
Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and 
High-Risk Areas of the Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Development. 
SEC. 302. RESPONSIBILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN THE 
MINING SECTOR. 
(a) LIST OF PARTICIPATING ENTITIES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not 
less than annually thereafter until the date described 
in subsection (e), the Secretary of State shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a list of 
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the entities described in each of subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (2) that— 
(A) participate in Burma’s mining sector; 
(B) meet the criterion described in sub-
section (b)(1); and 
(C) meet or have made significant progress 
towards meeting the criteria in subsections 
(b)(2) through (b)(5). 
(2) ENTITIES
DESCRIBED.—The entities de-
scribed in this paragraph are the following: 
(A) Entities that produce or process pre-
cious and semiprecious gemstones. 
(B) Entities that sell or export precious 
and semiprecious gemstones from Burma or ar-
ticles of jewelry containing such gemstones. 
(b) CRITERIA DESCRIBED.—The criteria described in 
this subsection are the following with respect to an entity: 
(1) The entity publicly discloses beneficial own-
ership, as such term is defined for purposes of the 
Myanmar Extractive Industry Transparency Initia-
tive (Myanmar EITI), and the entity is not owned 
or controlled, either directly or indirectly, by the 
Burmese military or security forces, any current or 
former senior Burmese military officer, or any per-
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son sanctioned by the United States pursuant to any 
relevant sanctions authority. 
(2) The entity publicly discloses any politically 
exposed persons as defined by the Extractive Indus-
try Transparency Initiative who are beneficial own-
ers as defined under the Myanmar EITI. 
(3) The entity publicly discloses valid authoriza-
tion, license, or permit to produce, process, sell, or 
export minerals or gemstones, as applicable. 
(4) The entity publicly discloses payments to 
the Government of Burma, including tax and non- 
tax, license, or royalty payments, and other pay-
ments or contract terms as may be required under 
Myanmar Extractive Industry Transparency Initia-
tive standards. 
(5) The entity undertakes robust due diligence, 
in line with the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for 
Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Con-
flict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, including public 
reporting. 
(c) PUBLICATION OF LIST.—The Secretary of State 
shall publish the list under subsection (a) and shall peri-
odically update such list as appropriate. 
(d) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary of State shall issue 
guidance to relevant companies regarding supply-chain 
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due diligence best practices applicable to importation of 
gemstones or minerals that may be of Burmese origin or 
articles of jewelry containing such gemstones to mitigate 
the potential risks associated with the importation of such 
items. 
(e) TERMINATION.—The requirement under sub-
section (a) shall terminate on the date on which the Presi-
dent certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
that the Government of Burma has taken substantial 
measures to reform the mining sector in Burma, including 
the following: 
(1) Requiring the mandatory disclosure of pay-
ments, permit and license allocations, project reve-
nues, relevant contract terms, and beneficial owner-
ship, including identifying any politically exposed 
persons who are beneficial owners, consistent with 
the approach agreed under the Myanmar EITI and 
with due regard for civil society participation. 
(2) Separating the commercial, regulatory, and 
revenue 
collection 
responsibilities 
within 
the 
Myanmar Gems Enterprise and other key state- 
owned enterprises to remove existing conflicts of in-
terest. 
(3) Monitoring and undertaking enforcement 
actions, as warranted, to ensure that entities fully 
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adhere to environmental and social impact assess-
ment and management standards in accordance with 
international responsible mining practices, the coun-
try’s environmental conservation law and other ap-
plicable laws and regulations, and that they uphold 
occupational health and safety standards and codes 
of conduct that are aligned with the core labor 
standards of the International Labour Organisation 
and domestic law. 
(4) Actively seeking a comprehensive peace 
agreement that addresses the transparent and fair 
distribution of benefits from natural resources, in-
cluding local benefit-sharing, taking into consider-
ation proposals on fiscal federalism for new govern-
ance arrangements in resource-rich regions. 
(5) Implementing on a timely basis policy re-
forms aligned with the recommendations of the 
multi-stakeholder Jade and Gemstone Support Com-
mittee and reporting regularly on such reforms. 
(6) Reforming the process for valuation of 
gemstones at the mine-site, including developing an 
independent valuation system to prevent undervalu-
ation and tax evasion. 
(7) Requiring companies bidding for jade and 
ruby permits to be independently audited upon the 
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request of Myanmar Gems Enterprise or the Min-
ister of Natural Resources and Environmental Con-
servation, and making the results of all such audits 
public. 
(8) Establishing a credible and transparent per-
mitting process that closely scrutinizes applicants, 
including based on past performance, and prevents 
unscrupulous entities from gaining authorized access 
to concessions or the right to trade in minerals or 
gemstones. 
(9) Establishing effective oversight of state- 
owned enterprises operating in such sector, including 
through parliamentary oversight or requirements for 
independent financial auditing. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION.—The Secretary of State is au-
thorized to consult with appropriate officials of the Gov-
ernment of Burma to obtain such private-sector informa-
tion as may be necessary to carry out this section. 
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TITLE 
IV—ACCOUNTABILITY 
FOR HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES 
AND 
STRATEGY 
FOR 
ECO-
NOMIC GROWTH 
SEC. 401. DETERMINATION AND REPORT ON ACCOUNT-
ABILITY FOR ETHNIC CLEANSING, CRIMES 
AGAINST 
HUMANITY, 
AND 
GENOCIDE 
IN 
BURMA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report that— 
(1) describes— 
(A) allegations of ethnic cleansing, crimes 
against humanity, and genocide in Burma; and 
(B) potential transitional justice mecha-
nisms in Burma; and 
(2) includes a determination whether the events 
that took place in the state of Rakhine in Burma, 
starting on August 25, 2017, constitute ethnic 
cleansing, crimes against humanity, or genocide. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall include— 
(1) a description of— 
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(A) incidents that may constitute ethnic 
cleansing, crimes against humanity, or genocide 
committed by the Burmese military against the 
Rohingya minority and the identities of any 
other actors involved in such incidents; 
(B) the role of the civilian government in 
the commission of such incidents; 
(C) incidents that may constitute ethnic 
cleansing, crimes against humanity, or genocide 
committed by violent extremist groups or anti- 
government forces; 
(D) incidents that may violate the principle 
of medical neutrality and, to the extent possible, 
the identities of any individuals who engaged in 
or organized such incidents; and 
(E) to the extent possible, a description of 
the conventional and unconventional weapons 
used for such crimes and the sources of such 
weapons; 
(2) a description and assessment by the Depart-
ment of State, the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development, the Department of Justice, 
and other appropriate Federal departments and 
agencies of programs that the United States has al-
ready undertaken or is planning to undertake to en-
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