‘‘(5) SELECTION.—Awards under this subsection 
shall be peer reviewed and competitively awarded. 
The Director shall endeavor to have broad geographic 
diversity among selected proposals. The Director shall 
select proposals to receive awards that will— 
‘‘(A) improve the competitiveness of indus-
tries in the region in which the Center or Centers 
are located; 
‘‘(B) create jobs or train newly hired em-
ployees; and 
‘‘(C) promote the transfer and commer-
cialization of research and technology from insti-
tutions of higher education, national labora-
tories, and nonprofit research institutes. 
‘‘(6) PROGRAM
CONTRIBUTION.—Recipients of 
awards under this subsection shall not be required to 
provide a matching contribution. 
‘‘(7) GLOBAL
MARKETPLACE
PROJECTS.—In 
making awards under this subsection, the Director, in 
consultation with the MEP Advisory Board and the 
Secretary, may take into consideration whether an 
application has significant potential for enhancing 
the competitiveness of small and medium-sized United 
States manufacturers in the global marketplace. 
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‘‘(8) DURATION.—Awards under this subsection 
shall last no longer than 3 years. 
‘‘(g) EVALUATION OF OBSTACLES UNIQUE TO SMALL 
MANUFACTURERS.—The Director shall— 
‘‘(1) evaluate obstacles that are unique to small 
manufacturers that prevent such manufacturers from 
effectively competing in the global market; 
‘‘(2) implement a comprehensive plan to train 
the Centers to address such obstacles; and 
‘‘(3) facilitate improved communication between 
the Centers to assist such manufacturers in imple-
menting appropriate, targeted solutions to such obsta-
cles. 
‘‘(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘area career and technical edu-
cation school’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical 
Education Improvement Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 
2302); and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘community college’ means an in-
stitution of higher education (as defined under section 
101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001(a))) at which the highest degree that is 
predominately awarded to students is an associate’s 
degree.’’. 
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SEC. 409. ELIMINATION OF OBSOLETE REPORTS. 
Section 28 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278n) is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (g); and 
(2) in subsection (k)— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon at the end; 
(B) in paragraph (4)(B), by striking ‘‘; 
and’’ at the end and inserting a period; and 
(C) by striking paragraph (5). 
SEC. 410. MODIFICATIONS TO GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE 
AGREEMENTS. 
Section 8(a) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno-
vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3706(a)) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘The total amount of any such grant or cooperative 
agreement may not exceed 75 percent of the total cost of 
the program.’’. 
SEC. 411. INFORMATION SYSTEMS STANDARDS CONSULTA-
TION. 
Section 20(c)(1) of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g—3(c)(1)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the National Security Agency,’’. 
SEC. 412. UNITED STATES-ISRAELI COOPERATION. 
It is the Sense of Congress that— 
(1) partnerships that facilitate basic scientific 
research between the United States and Israel advance 
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technology development, innovation, and commer-
cialization leading to growth in various sectors, in-
cluding manufacturing, and creating benefits for both 
nations; 
(2) joint research and development agreements 
carried out through government organizations like the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology sup-
port these efforts; 
(3) partnerships between the United States and 
Israel that further the basic scientific enterprise 
should be encouraged; and 
(4) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology should continue to facilitate scientific col-
laborations between Israel and United States’ tech-
nical agencies working in measurement science and 
standardization. 
TITLE V—DEPARTMENT OF 
ENERGY SCIENCE 
SEC. 501. MISSION. 
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science 
shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, 
and major scientific tools to transform the understanding 
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100 
of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and na-
tional security of the United States. In support of this mis-
sion, the Director shall carry out programs on basic energy 
sciences, advanced scientific computing research, high en-
ergy physics, biological and environmental research, fusion 
energy sciences, and nuclear physics, including as provided 
under subtitle A of title V of the America COMPETES Re-
authorization Act of 2015, through activities focused on— 
‘‘(1) fundamental scientific discoveries through 
the study of matter and energy; 
‘‘(2) science in the national interest, including— 
‘‘(A) advancing an agenda for American 
energy security through research on energy pro-
duction, storage, transmission, efficiency, and 
use; and 
‘‘(B) advancing our understanding of the 
Earth’s climate through research in atmospheric 
and environmental sciences; and 
‘‘(3) National Scientific User Facilities to de-
liver the 21st century tools of science, engineering, 
and technology and provide the Nation’s researchers 
with the most advanced tools of modern science in-
cluding accelerators, colliders, supercomputers, light 
sources and neutron sources, and facilities for study-
ing materials science. 
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101 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT OF 
ENERGY PROGRAMS.—The Under Secretary for Science and 
Energy shall ensure the coordination of Office of Science 
activities and programs with other activities of the Depart-
ment.’’. 
SEC. 502. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro-
gram in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences 
and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, 
and geosciences, for the purpose of providing the scientific 
foundations for new energy technologies. 
(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 
in subsection (a) shall be to support fundamental research 
to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and 
energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in 
order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies 
and to support Department missions in energy, environ-
ment, and national security. 
(c) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.—The 
Director shall carry out a subprogram for the development, 
construction, operation, and maintenance of national user 
facilities to support the program under this section. As 
practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs of the De-
partment, industry, the academic community, and other 
relevant entities to create and examine new materials and 
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102 
chemical processes for the purposes of advancing new energy 
technologies and improving the competitiveness of the 
United States. These facilities shall include— 
(1) x-ray light sources; 
(2) neutron sources; 
(3) nanoscale science research centers; and 
(4) other facilities the Director considers appro-
priate, consistent with section 209 of the Department 
of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
(d) LIGHT SOURCE LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—In support of the subpro-
gram authorized in subsection (c), the Director shall 
establish an initiative to sustain and advance global 
leadership of light source user facilities. 
(2) LEADERSHIP STRATEGY.—Not later than 9 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
biennially thereafter, the Director shall prepare, in 
consultation with relevant stakeholders, and submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a light 
source leadership strategy that— 
(A) identifies, prioritizes, and describes 
plans for the development, construction, and op-
eration of light sources over the next decade; 
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103 
(B) describes plans for optimizing manage-
ment and use of existing light source facilities; 
and 
(C) assesses the international outlook for 
light source user facilities and describes plans for 
United States cooperation in such projects. 
(3) ADVISORY COMMITTEE FEEDBACK AND REC-
OMMENDATIONS.—Not later than 45 days after sub-
mission of the strategy described in paragraph (2), 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee shall 
provide the Director, the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a report of the Advisory Com-
mittee’s analyses, findings, and recommendations for 
improving the strategy, including a review of the 
most recent budget request for the initiative. 
(4) PROPOSED
BUDGET.—The Director shall 
transmit annually to Congress a proposed budget cor-
responding to the activities identified in the strategy. 
(e) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Director shall carry out research and development on 
advanced accelerator and storage ring technologies relevant 
to the development of Basic Energy Sciences user facilities, 
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104 
in consultation with the Office of Science’s High Energy 
Physics and Nuclear Physics programs. 
(f) ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program to provide awards, on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collabora-
tions or other appropriate entities to conduct funda-
mental and use-inspired energy research to accelerate 
scientific breakthroughs. 
(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiving 
an award under this subsection may include multiple 
types of institutions and private sector entities. 
(3) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—A collaboration under 
this subsection shall be selected for a period of 5 
years. An Energy Frontier Research Center al-
ready in existence and supported by the Director 
on the date of enactment of this Act may con-
tinue to receive support for a period of 5 years 
beginning on the date of establishment of that 
center. 
(B) REAPPLICATION.—After the end of the 
period described in subparagraph (A), an 
awardee may reapply for selection for a second 
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105 
period of 5 years on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. 
(C) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the ex-
isting authorities of the Department, the Direc-
tor may terminate an underperforming center 
for cause during the performance period. 
(4) NO FUNDING FOR CONSTRUCTION.—No fund-
ing provided pursuant to this subsection may be used 
for the construction of new buildings or facilities. 
SEC. 503. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to ad-
vance computational and networking capabilities to ana-
lyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena rel-
evant to the development of new energy technologies and 
the competitiveness of the United States. 
(b) FACILITIES.—The Director, as part of the program 
described in subsection (a), shall develop and maintain 
world-class computing and network facilities for science 
and deliver critical research in applied mathematics, com-
puter science, and advanced networking to support the De-
partment’s missions. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the Department of En-
ergy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004 (15 
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106 
U.S.C. 5541) is amended by striking paragraphs (1) 
through (5) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) CO-DESIGN.—The term ‘co-design’ means 
the joint development of application algorithms, mod-
els, and codes with computer technology architectures 
and operating systems to maximize effective use of 
high-end computing systems. 
‘‘(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
‘‘(3) EXASCALE.—The term ‘exascale’ means 
computing system performance at or near 10 to the 
18th power floating point operations per second. 
‘‘(4) HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEM.—The term 
‘high-end computing system’ means a computing sys-
tem with performance that substantially exceeds that 
of systems that are commonly available for advanced 
scientific and engineering applications. 
‘‘(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘institution of higher education’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801). 
‘‘(6) LEADERSHIP SYSTEM.—The term ‘leader-
ship system’ means a high-end computing system that 
is among the most advanced in the world in terms of 
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107 
performance in solving scientific and engineering 
problems. 
‘‘(7) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na-
tional Laboratory’ means any one of the seventeen 
laboratories owned by the Department. 
‘‘(8) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
‘‘(9) SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘soft-
ware technology’ includes optimal algorithms, pro-
gramming environments, tools, languages, and oper-
ating systems for high-end computing systems.’’. 
(d) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COMPUTING 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.—Section 3 of 
the Department of Energy High-End Computing Revital-
ization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5542) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘pro-
gram’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinated program 
across the Department’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (1); 
(C) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (2) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
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‘‘(3) partner with universities, National Labora-
tories, and industry to ensure the broadest possible 
application of the technology developed in this pro-
gram to other challenges in science, engineering, med-
icine, and industry.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘vector’’ and 
all that follows through ‘‘architectures’’ and inserting 
‘‘computer technologies that show promise of substan-
tial reductions in power requirements and substantial 
gains in parallelism of multicore processors, con-
currency, memory and storage, bandwidth, and reli-
ability’’; and 
(3) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct 
a coordinated research program to develop exascale 
computing systems to advance the missions of the De-
partment. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.—The Secretary shall, through 
competitive merit review, establish two or more Na-
tional Laboratory-industry-university partnerships to 
conduct integrated research, development, and engi-
neering of multiple exascale architectures, and— 
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109 
‘‘(A) conduct mission-related co-design ac-
tivities in developing such exascale platforms; 
‘‘(B) develop those advancements in hard-
ware and software technology required to fully 
realize the potential of an exascale production 
system in addressing Department target applica-
tions and solving scientific problems involving 
predictive modeling and simulation and large- 
scale data analytics and management; and 
‘‘(C) explore the use of exascale computing 
technologies to advance a broad range of science 
and engineering. 
‘‘(3) ADMINISTRATION.—In carrying out this 
program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) provide, on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis, access for researchers in United 
States industry, institutions of higher education, 
National Laboratories, and other Federal agen-
cies to these exascale systems, as appropriate; 
and 
‘‘(B) conduct outreach programs to increase 
the readiness for the use of such platforms by do-
mestic industries, including manufacturers. 
‘‘(4) REPORTS.— 
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‘‘(A) INTEGRATED STRATEGY AND PROGRAM 
MANAGEMENT PLAN.—The Secretary shall submit 
to Congress, not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of the America COMPETES Reau-
thorization Act of 2015, a report outlining an 
integrated strategy and program management 
plan, including target dates for prototypical and 
production exascale platforms, interim mile-
stones to reaching these targets, functional re-
quirements, roles and responsibilities of National 
Laboratories and industry, acquisition strategy, 
and estimated resources required, to achieve this 
exascale system capability. The report shall in-
clude the Secretary’s plan for Departmental or-
ganization to manage and execute the Exascale 
Computing Program, including definition of the 
roles and responsibilities within the Department 
to ensure an integrated program across the De-
partment. The report shall also include a plan 
for ensuring balance and prioritizing across 
ASCR subprograms in a flat or slow-growth 
budget environment. 
‘‘(B) STATUS REPORTS.—At the time of the 
budget submission of the Department for each 
fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit a report 
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