tion has relied on a faithful adherence to the rule of 
law to bring criminals to justice . . . Once again we 
will ask our legal system to rise to that challenge, 
and I am confident it will answer the call with fair-
ness and justice.’’. 
(6) The decision to use lethal force against 
United States citizens abroad occurs absent congres-
sional oversight, a constitutionally guaranteed judi-
cial process, or publicly disclosed standards for in-
clusion on the United States Government’s ‘‘high- 
value targets’’ or ‘‘high-value individuals’’ list. 
(7) Executive Order 12333 (46 Fed. Reg. 
59941; relating to United States intelligence activi-
ties), issued by President Ronald Reagan in 1981, 
stated, ‘‘No person employed by or acting on behalf 
of the United States Government shall engage in, or 
conspire to engage in, assassination.’’. 
(8) Executive Order 11905 (41 Fed. Reg. 7703; 
relating to United States foreign intelligence activi-
ties), issued by President Gerald Ford in 1976, stat-
ed, ‘‘No employee of the United States Government 
shall engage in, or conspire to engage in, political 
assassination.’’. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
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(1) due process of law is a fundamental right 
of the United States Constitution, the United States 
has a commitment to uphold and defend the rights 
included in the Bill of Rights, and no United States 
citizen, regardless of location, should be ‘‘deprived of 
life, liberty, property, without due process of law’’, 
as stated in article XIV of the Constitution; 
(2) the participation in, or planning of activi-
ties, by the United States Government that result in 
the extrajudicial killing of a United States citizen 
undermines the rule of law and the moral standing 
of the United States in the world; 
(3) the United States and other responsible na-
tions have a vital interest in upholding the rule of 
law; 
(4) the authority granted to the President in 
the Authorization for Use of Military Force (50 
U.S.C. 1541 note), following the terrorist attacks of 
September 11, 2001, is not limitless; 
(5) the authority provided by the 2001 Author-
ization for Use of Military Force has been used by 
the executive branch to circumvent the role of Con-
gress as a coequal branch of Government, to justify 
holding prisoners indefinitely without due process at 
Guantanamo Bay, for mass domestic spying on 
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United States citizens in violation of their most 
basic constitutional rights, and using lethal force 
against United States citizens abroad who are sus-
pected of participating in terrorist activities absent 
judicial review; 
(6) the notion that the constitutional rights of 
one citizen can be revoked to protect the constitu-
tional rights of other citizens should be rejected; 
(7) the use of lethal force against a citizen of 
the United States that is outside of the internation-
ally recognized battlefield of Afghanistan constitutes 
a violation of the law of armed conflict; and 
(8) it is in the best interest of the United 
States to respect the rule of law and set the example 
for upholding the principles of international and do-
mestic law. 
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON THE EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLING OF 
UNITED STATES CITIZENS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—No one, including the President, 
may instruct a person acting within the scope of employ-
ment with the United States Government or an agent act-
ing on behalf of the United States Government to engage 
in, or conspire to engage in, the extrajudicial killing of 
a United States citizen. 
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(b) REPORT ON UNITED STATES CITIZENS ON TAR-
GETED ASSASSINATION LISTS.—Not later than 15 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 
shall submit to the congressional intelligence committees 
a report on the identity of each United States citizen that 
is on the list of the Joint Special Operations Command 
or the Central Intelligence Agency as ‘‘high-value individ-
uals’’ or ‘‘high-value targets’’. 
(c) ASSURANCES TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 7 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Presi-
dent shall submit to the congressional intelligence commit-
tees a written assurance that no United States citizens 
are being added to the list of the Joint Special Operations 
Command or the Central Intelligence Agency as ‘‘high- 
value individuals’’ or ‘‘high-value targets’’. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CONGRESSIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘congressional intelligence com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives; 
and 
(B) the Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the Senate. 
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(2) 
EXTRAJUDICIAL
KILLING.—The 
term 
‘‘extrajudicial killing’’— 
(A) means a premeditated and intentional 
use of lethal force against a United States cit-
izen; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) the use of lethal force against a 
United States citizen after a trial and find-
ing of guilt for such citizen by an appro-
priate tribunal consistent with due process 
of law; 
(ii) the use of lethal force against a 
United States citizen who is directly par-
ticipating in hostilities in a zone of active 
armed conflict and the United States is a 
party to such conflict; and 
(iii) the use of lethal force against a 
United States citizen that is authorized for 
law enforcement personnel under certain 
circumstances, including self-defense, de-
fense of others, and enabling the release of 
hostages. 
Æ 
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