I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4361 
To address national security risks and prohibit the use of Federal funds 
for the procurement of certain vehicles and vehicle technologies produced 
or provided by entities based in certain countries, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 14, 2025 
Mr. CRAWFORD (for himself and Mr. KHANNA) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastruc-
ture, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period 
to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider-
ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned 
A BILL 
To address national security risks and prohibit the use of 
Federal funds for the procurement of certain vehicles 
and vehicle technologies produced or provided by entities 
based in certain countries, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Safeguarding Transit 
Operations to Prohibit China Act’’ or the ‘‘STOP China 
Act’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the People’s Republic of China (referred to 
in this section as the ‘‘PRC’’) uses a deliberately in-
tricate web of industrial policies to distort market 
behavior to achieve dominance in global markets and 
increase the dependence of the United States on im-
ports from the PRC; 
(2) the adoption of PRC-developed technologies 
in the United States, including those used in certain 
vehicles, poses a significant risk to national security 
and threatens the long-term competitiveness of the 
United States; 
(3) the PRC intentionally creates overcapacity 
and sells products at below-market prices to gain 
market share and undermine United States domestic 
supply chains; 
(4) Congress must continue to confront the 
military-civil fusion strategy of the PRC and the in-
trusion of the PRC into the United States transpor-
tation market, as Congress has done in the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 
(Public Law 116–92; 133 Stat. 1198) and the FAA 
Reauthorization Act of 2024 (Public Law 118–63; 
138 Stat. 1025); 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(5) United States taxpayer dollars should not 
be used to fund PRC-subsidized vehicle manufac-
turing or technology companies; and 
(6) any entity accepting Federal funding must 
be prevented from procuring certain vehicles— 
(A) from a PRC entity or an entity other-
wise related legally or financially to a corpora-
tion based in the PRC; or 
(B) that contain certain vehicle tech-
nologies identified as matters of national secu-
rity concern. 
SEC. 3. PROHIBITIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN VEHICLES 
PRODUCED 
OR 
PROVIDED 
BY 
ENTITIES 
BASED IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES. 
Section 5323(u) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) COVERED ENTITY.—The term ‘cov-
ered entity’ means an entity (including a cor-
poration, partnership, association, organization, 
or other entity)— 
‘‘(i) the principal place of business of 
which is in a covered nation; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(ii) that is headquartered in, incor-
porated in, or otherwise organized under 
the laws of a covered nation; 
‘‘(iii) that, regardless of where the en-
tity is organized or doing business, is 
owned or controlled by a covered nation or 
covered individual, including circumstances 
in which a covered individual possesses the 
power to determine, direct, or decide mat-
ters affecting the entity— 
‘‘(I) through— 
‘‘(aa) the ownership of a 
majority of the total outstanding 
voting interest in the entity; 
‘‘(bb) board representation; 
‘‘(cc) proxy voting; 
‘‘(dd) a special share; 
‘‘(ee) contractual arrange-
ments; 
‘‘(ff) formal or informal ar-
rangements to act in concert; or 
‘‘(gg) other means; and 
‘‘(II) regardless of whether that 
power is— 
‘‘(aa) direct; or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(F) ELECTRIC POWER TRAIN.—The term 
‘electric power train’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 571.305 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of 
enactment of the STOP China Act). 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (C), on and after the date of enactment 
of the STOP China Act, the Secretary may not 
award or obligate covered funding— 
‘‘(i) for a contract or subcontract for 
the procurement of a covered vehicle; or 
‘‘(ii) for the construction, installation, 
or maintenance of infrastructure to fuel or 
charge a covered vehicle that is a bus, if 
the applicable covered vehicle is procured 
under a contract or subcontract executed 
on or after the date of enactment of the 
STOP China Act. 
‘‘(B) LIST OF COVERED ENTITIES.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of enactment of the 
STOP China Act, the United States Trade 
Representative, in consultation with the 
Attorney General and the Secretary, shall 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
make publicly available, including on a 
publicly accessible website, a list of covered 
entities that produce or provide— 
‘‘(I) rolling stock to which the 
prohibition under subparagraph (A) 
applies; or 
‘‘(II) electric power trains the in-
corporation of which into rolling stock 
would render the rolling stock subject 
to the prohibition under subparagraph 
(A). 
‘‘(ii) UPDATES.—The United States 
Trade Representative shall update the list 
required under clause (i)— 
‘‘(I) based on information pro-
vided to the United States Trade Rep-
resentative by the Attorney General 
and the Secretary; and 
‘‘(II) not less frequently than— 
‘‘(aa) once every 90 days 
during the 180-day period begin-
ning on the date of initial publi-
cation of the list under that 
clause; and 
‘‘(bb) annually thereafter. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(C) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding sub-
paragraph (A), the Secretary may procure a 
covered vehicle or construct, install, or maintain 
infrastructure to fuel or charge a covered vehi-
cle for purposes of— 
‘‘(i) the inspection or investigation of 
a motor vehicle or equipment; or 
‘‘(ii) motor vehicle safety research, de-
velopment, or testing.’’. 
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘paragraph 
(1)’’ each place that term appears and inserting 
‘‘paragraph (2)’’; 
(3) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘This subsection, in-
cluding the’’ and inserting ‘‘The’’; 
(ii) by striking the comma after 
‘‘(4)’’; 
(iii) by inserting ‘‘that does not utilize 
covered funds’’ after ‘‘subcontract’’; 
(iv) by striking ‘‘rail rolling stock 
manufacturer described in paragraph (1)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘covered entity’’; 
(v) by striking ‘‘the manufacturer’’ 
and inserting ‘‘the covered entity’’; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(vi) by striking ‘‘date of enactment of 
this subsection’’ and inserting ‘‘date of en-
actment of the STOP China Act’’; 
(B) by striking subparagraph (B) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(B) CONTRACT
COMPLETION.—Notwith-
standing paragraph (2), covered funds may be 
obligated for a contract or subcontract that was 
eligible for assistance under this chapter under 
the provisions of this subsection prior to the 
date of enactment of the STOP China Act until 
the delivery of rolling stock is complete under 
such contract.’’; and 
(C) by striking subparagraph (C); and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) SEVERABILITY.—If any provision of this 
subsection, or the application of this subsection to 
any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitu-
tional or otherwise invalid, the remainder of this 
subsection, and the application of the provision to 
any other person or circumstance, shall not be af-
fected.’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 4. PROHIBITIONS RELATING TO ADDITIONAL VEHI-
CLES PRODUCED OR PROVIDED BY ENTITIES 
BASED IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COVERED
ENTITY; COVERED
INDIVIDUAL; 
COVERED
NATION; COVERED
VEHICLE; ELECTRIC 
POWER TRAIN.—The terms ‘‘covered entity’’; ‘‘cov-
ered individual’’, ‘‘covered nation’’, ‘‘covered vehi-
cle’’, and ‘‘electric power train’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 5323(u)(1) of title 49, 
United States Code. 
(2) COVERED
FUNDING.—The term ‘‘covered 
funding’’ means any appropriations made available 
to the Department, other than funds made available 
under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code. 
(3) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Transportation. 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Transportation. 
(b) PROHIBITION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (3), 
the Department may not award, obligate, allocate, or 
expend covered funding— 
(A) for the procurement of a covered vehi-
cle by the Department or any other agency or 
person; or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(B) for the construction, installation, or 
maintenance of infrastructure to fuel or charge 
a covered vehicle that is a bus, if the applicable 
covered vehicle is procured under a contract or 
subcontract executed on or after the date of en-
actment of this Act. 
(2) LIST OF COVERED ENTITIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
United States Trade Representative, in con-
sultation with the Attorney General and the 
Secretary, shall make publicly available, includ-
ing on a publicly accessible website, a list of 
covered entities that produce or provide— 
(i) covered vehicles to which the prohi-
bition under paragraph (1) applies; or 
(ii) electric power trains the incorpo-
ration of which into a covered vehicle 
would render the covered vehicle subject to 
the prohibition under that paragraph. 
(B) UPDATES.—The United States Trade 
Representative shall update the list required 
under subparagraph (A)— 
(i) based on information provided to 
the United States Trade Representative by 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
the Attorney General and the Secretary; 
and 
(ii) not less frequently than— 
(I) once every 90 days during the 
180-day period beginning on the date 
of initial publication of the list under 
that subparagraph; and 
(II) annually thereafter. 
(3) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding paragraph 
(1), the Department may procure a covered vehicle 
or construct, install, or maintain infrastructure to 
fuel or charge a covered vehicle for purposes of— 
(A) the inspection or investigation of a 
motor vehicle or equipment; or 
(B) motor vehicle safety research, develop-
ment, or testing. 
(c) SEVERABILITY.—If any provision of this section, 
or the application of this section to any person or cir-
cumstance, is held to be unconstitutional or otherwise in-
valid, the remainder of this section, and the application 
of the provision to any other person or circumstance, shall 
not be affected. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:08 Jul 18, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H4361.IH
H4361
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS