sult of its repeated breaches of its nuclear nonproliferation 
obligations, to remain in effect until Iran has verifiably 
dismantled its weapons of mass destruction programs. 
(b) PROHIBITION
ON ASSISTANCE
TO COUNTRIES 
THAT INVEST IN THE ENERGY SECTOR OF IRAN.—
(1) WITHHOLDING OF ASSISTANCE.—If, on or 
after April 13, 2005, a foreign person (as defined in 
section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 
U.S.C. 1701 note), as renamed pursuant to section 
208(g)(1)) or an agency or instrumentality of a for-
eign government has more than $20,000,000 in-
vested in Iran’s energy sector, the President shall, 
until the date on which such person or agency or in-
strumentality of such government terminates such 
investment, withhold assistance under the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) to 
the government of the country to which such person 
owes allegiance or to which control is exercised over 
such agency or instrumentality. 
(2) WAIVER.—Assistance prohibited by this sec-
tion may be furnished to the government of a for-
eign country described in subsection (a) if the Presi-
dent determines that furnishing such assistance is 
important to the national security interests of the 
United States, furthers the goals described in this
Act, and, not later that 15 days before obligating 
such assistance, notifies the Committee on Inter-
national Relations of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the Senate of such determination and sub-
mits to such committees a report that includes—
(A) a statement of the determination; 
(B) a detailed explanation of the assistance 
to be provided; 
(C) the estimated dollar amount of the as-
sistance; and 
(D) an explanation of how the assistance 
furthers United States national security inter-
ests. 
SEC. 302. STRENGTHENING THE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERA-
TION TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Article IV of the Treaty on the Non-Pro-
liferation of Nuclear Weapons (commonly referred to 
as the ‘‘Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty’’ or 
‘‘NPT’’) states that countries that are parties to the 
Treaty have the ‘‘inalienable right . . . to develop re-
search, production and use of nuclear energy for
peaceful purposes without discrimination and in con-
formity with articles I and II of this Treaty.’’. 
(2) Iran has manipulated Article IV of the Nu-
clear Nonproliferation Treaty to acquire technologies 
needed to manufacture nuclear weapons under the 
guise of developing peaceful nuclear technology. 
(3) Legal authorities, diplomatic historians, and 
officials closely involved in the negotiation and ratifi-
cation of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty state 
that the Treaty neither recognizes nor protects such 
a per se right to all nuclear technology, such as en-
richment and reprocessing, but rather affirms that 
the right to the use of peaceful nuclear energy is 
qualified. 
(b) 
DECLARATION
OF
CONGRESS
REGARDING 
UNITED STATES POLICY TO STRENGTHEN THE NUCLEAR 
NONPROLIFERATION TREATY.—Congress declares that it 
should be the policy of the United States to support diplo-
matic efforts to end the manipulation of Article IV of the 
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, as undertaken by Iran, 
without undermining the Treaty itself.
TITLE IV—DEMOCRACY IN IRAN 
SEC. 
401. 
DECLARATION 
OF 
CONGRESS 
REGARDING 
UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD IRAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Congress declares that it should 
be the policy of the United States to support independent 
human rights and peaceful pro-democracy forces in Iran. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 
shall be construed as authorizing the use of force against 
Iran. 
SEC. 402. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT DEMOCRACY IN IRAN. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized 
to provide financial and political assistance (includ-
ing the award of grants) to foreign and domestic in-
dividuals, organizations, and entities that support 
democracy and the promotion of democracy in Iran. 
Such assistance may include the award of grants to 
eligible independent pro-democracy radio and tele-
vision broadcasting organizations that broadcast into 
Iran. 
(2) LIMITATION
ON
ASSISTANCE.—In accord-
ance with the rule of construction described in sub-
section (b) of section 401, none of the funds author-
ized under this section shall be used to support the 
use of force against Iran.
(b) ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE.—Financial and 
political assistance under this section may be provided 
only to an individual, organization, or entity that—
(1) officially opposes the use of violence and 
terrorism and has not been designated as a foreign 
terrorist organization under section 219 of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189) at 
any time during the preceding four years; 
(2) advocates the adherence by Iran to non-
proliferation regimes for nuclear, chemical, and bio-
logical weapons and materiel; 
(3) is dedicated to democratic values and sup-
ports the adoption of a democratic form of govern-
ment in Iran; 
(4) is dedicated to respect for human rights, in-
cluding the fundamental equality of women; 
(5) works to establish equality of opportunity 
for people; and 
(6) supports freedom of the press, freedom of 
speech, freedom of association, and freedom of reli-
gion. 
(c) FUNDING.—The President may provide assistance 
under this section using—
(1) funds available to the Middle East Partner-
ship Initiative (MEPI), the Broader Middle East
and North Africa Initiative, and the Human Rights 
and Democracy Fund; and 
(2) amounts made available pursuant to the au-
thorization of appropriations under subsection (g). 
(d) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 15 days before 
each obligation of assistance under this section, and in ac-
cordance with the procedures under section 634A of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394–l), the 
President shall notify the Committee on International Re-
lations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. 
Such notification shall include, as practicable, the types 
of programs supported by such assistance and the recipi-
ents of such assistance. 
(e) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING DIPLOMATIC 
ASSISTANCE.—It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) contacts should be expanded with opposition 
groups in Iran that meet the criteria under sub-
section (b); 
(2) support for a transition to democracy in 
Iran should be expressed by United States rep-
resentatives and officials in all appropriate inter-
national fora;
(3) efforts to bring a halt to the nuclear weap-
ons program of Iran, including steps to end the sup-
ply of nuclear components or fuel to Iran, should be 
intensified, with particular attention focused on the 
cooperation regarding such program—
(A) between the Government of Iran and 
the Government of the Russian Federation; and 
(B) between the Government of Iran and 
individuals from China and Pakistan, including 
the network of Dr. Abdul Qadeer (A. Q.) Khan; 
and 
(4) officials and representatives of the United 
States should—
(A) strongly and unequivocally support in-
digenous efforts in Iran calling for free, trans-
parent, and democratic elections; and 
(B) draw international attention to viola-
tions by the Government of Iran of human 
rights, freedom of religion, freedom of assem-
bly, and freedom of the press. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State 
such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.
SEC. 403. WAIVER OF CERTAIN EXPORT LICENSE REQUIRE-
MENTS. 
The Secretary of State may, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Commerce, waive the requirement to obtain 
a license for the export to, or by, any person to whom 
the Department of State has provided a grant under a 
program to promote democracy or human rights abroad, 
any item which is commercially available in the United 
States without government license or permit, to the extent 
that such export would be used exclusively for carrying 
out the purposes of the grant.
Passed the House of Representatives April 26, 2006. 
Attest:
Clerk.
109TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 282
AN ACT 
To hold the current regime in Iran accountable for 
its threatening behavior and to support a transi-
tion to democracy in Iran.