•HRES 127 EH 
for the free flow of commerce and trade, and the estab-
lishment of an inclusive, transparent, and sustainable ar-
chitecture for regional and global trade and development; 
Whereas the United States-Japan and the United States-Re-
public of Korea alliances are the foundation of regional 
stability in Asia, including against the threat posed by 
the regime in Pyongyang; 
Whereas cooperation between and among our nations spans 
economic, energy, diplomatic, security, and cultural 
spheres; 
Whereas the United States and Japan established diplomatic 
relations on March 31, 1854, with the signing of the 
Treaty of Peace and Amity; 
Whereas the relationship between the peoples of the United 
States and the Republic of Korea stretches back to Ko-
rea’s Chosun Dynasty, when the United States and 
Korea established diplomatic relations under the 1882 
Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation; 
Whereas 2019 marks the 74th anniversary of the end of 
World War II, a conflict in which the United States and 
Japan were enemies, and the strength of the United 
States-Japan alliance is a testament to the ability of 
great countries to overcome the past and to work to-
gether to create a more secure and prosperous future; 
Whereas the United States-Korea alliance was forged in 
blood, with United States military casualties during the 
Korean War of approximately 36,574 killed and more 
than 103,284 wounded, and with Republic of Korea cas-
ualties of more than 217,000 soldiers killed, more than 
291,000 soldiers missing, and over 1,000,000 civilians 
killed or missing;
•HRES 127 EH 
Whereas, for the past 70 years, the partnership between the 
United States and Japan has played a vital role, both in 
Asia and globally, in ensuring peace, stability, and eco-
nomic development; 
Whereas, approximately 50,000 United States military per-
sonnel serve in Japan, along with some of the United 
States most advanced defense assets, including the 7th 
Fleet and the USS Ronald Reagan, the only United 
States aircraft carrier to be homeported outside the 
United States; 
Whereas, since the Mutual Defense Treaty Between the 
United States and the Republic of Korea, signed in 
Washington on October 1, 1953, and ratified by the Sen-
ate on January 26, 1954, United States military per-
sonnel have maintained a continuous presence on the Ko-
rean Peninsula, and approximately 28,500 United States 
troops are stationed in the Republic of Korea in 2019; 
Whereas the United States and the Republic of Korea have 
stood alongside each other in the four major wars the 
United States has fought outside Korea since World War 
II—in Vietnam, the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq; 
Whereas Japan is the fourth-largest United States trading 
partner and together with the United States represents 
30 percent of global Gross Domestic Product, and Japa-
nese firms have invested $469,000,000,000 in the United 
States; 
Whereas, the economic relationship between the United 
States and its sixth-largest trading partner, the Republic 
of Korea, with which we have a free trade agreement, in-
cludes 358,000 jobs in the United States that are directly 
related to exports to the Republic of Korea, and has re-
•HRES 127 EH 
sulted in more than $40,000,000,000 in investments by 
Korean firms in the United States; 
Whereas Japan and the Republic of Korea stand as strong 
partners of the United States in efforts to ensure mari-
time security and freedom of navigation, commerce, and 
overflight and to uphold respect for the rule of law and 
to oppose the use of coercion, intimidation, or force to 
change the regional or global status quo, including in the 
maritime domains of the Indo-Pacific, which are among 
the busiest waterways in the world; 
Whereas the United States, Japan, and the Republic of 
Korea are committed to working together towards a 
world where the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 
(in this preamble referred to as the ‘‘DPRK’’) does not 
threaten global peace and security with its weapons of 
mass destruction, missile proliferation, and illicit activi-
ties, and where the DPRK respects human rights and its 
people can live in freedom; 
Whereas section 211 of the North Korea Sanctions and Pol-
icy Enhancement Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9231; Public 
Law 114–122) expresses the sense of Congress that the 
President ‘‘should seek to strengthen high-level trilateral 
mechanisms for discussion and coordination of policy to-
ward North Korea between the Government of the United 
States, the Government of South Korea, and the Govern-
ment of Japan’’; 
Whereas the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 2018 (Public 
Law 115–409) underscores the importance of trilateral 
defense cooperation and enforcement of multilateral sanc-
tions against North Korea and calls for regular consulta-
tion with Congress on the status of such efforts;
•HRES 127 EH 
Whereas the United States, Japan, and the Republic of 
Korea have made great strides in promoting trilateral co-
operation and defense partnership, including ministerial 
meetings, information sharing, and cooperation on bal-
listic missile defense exercises to counter North Korean 
provocations; 
Whereas the United States views the General Security of 
Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA) between the 
Republic of Korea and Japan as important to United 
States security interests in the region, and trilateral in-
formation sharing as a critical aspect of cooperation be-
tween our allies; 
Whereas Japanese Americans and Korean Americans have 
made invaluable contributions to the security, prosperity, 
and diversity of our Nation, including service as our 
elected representatives in the Senate and in the House of 
Representatives; and 
Whereas the United States Government looks forward to con-
tinuing to deepen our enduring partnerships with Japan 
and the Republic of Korea on economic, security, and cul-
tural issues, as well as embracing new opportunities for 
bilateral and trilateral partnerships and cooperation on 
emerging regional and global challenges: Now, therefore, 
be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives reaffirms 
the importance of— 
(1) the vital role of the alliances between the United 
States and Japan and the United States and the Repub-
lic of Korea in promoting peace, stability, and security 
in the Indo-Pacific region, including through United
•HRES 127 EH 
States extended deterrence, and reaffirms the commit-
ment of the United States to defend Japan, including all 
areas under the administration of Japan, under Article 
V of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Be-
tween the United States of America and Japan, and to 
defend the Republic of Korea under Article III of the 
Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and 
the Republic of Korea; 
(2) a constructive and forward-looking relationship 
between Japan and the Republic of Korea for United 
States diplomatic, economic, and security interests and 
for open and inclusive architecture to support the devel-
opment of a secure, stable, and prosperous Indo-Pacific 
region; 
(3) strengthening and broadening diplomatic, eco-
nomic, security, and people-to-people ties between and 
among the United States, Japan, and the Republic of 
Korea; 
(4) developing and implementing a strategy to deep-
en the trilateral diplomatic and security cooperation be-
tween the United States, Japan, and the Republic of 
Korea, including through diplomatic engagement, re-
gional development, energy security, scientific and health 
partnerships, educational and cultural exchanges, missile
•HRES 127 EH 
defense, intelligence-sharing, space, cyber, and other dip-
lomatic and defense-related initiatives; 
(5) trilateral cooperation with members of the 
United Nations Security Council and other Member 
States to fully and effectively enforce sanctions against 
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (in this reso-
lution referred to as the ‘‘DPRK’’) and evaluate addi-
tional and meaningful new measures toward the DPRK 
under Article 41 of the United Nations Charter; 
(6) trilateral cooperation to support and uphold a 
rules-based trade and economic order in the Indo-Pacific 
region, including the empowerment of women, which is 
vital for the prosperity of all our nations; 
(7) supporting the expansion of academic and cul-
tural exchanges among the three nations, especially ef-
forts to encourage Japanese and Korean students to 
study at universities in the United States, and vice 
versa, to deepen people-to-people ties; and 
(8) continued cooperation among the governments 
of the United States, Japan, and the Republic of Korea 
to promote human rights. 
Attest: 
Clerk.