902 
(3) United States efforts to deny access to such 
funding mechanisms. 
Subtitle D—Matters Relating to the 
Russian Federation 
SEC. 1231. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RE-
LATING TO SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION OVER CRIMEA. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available 
for fiscal year 2019 for the Department of Defense may 
be obligated or expended to implement any activity that 
recognizes the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over 
Crimea. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense, with the 
concurrence of the Secretary of State, may waive the re-
striction on the obligation or expenditure of funds required 
by subsection (a) if the Secretary— 
(1) determines that to do so is in the national 
security interest of the United States; and 
(2) submits a notification of the waiver, at the 
time the waiver is invoked, to the Committee on 
Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 
Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives.
903 
SEC. 1232. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RELAT-
ING TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPEN 
SKIES TREATY. 
(a) PROHIBITION
ON
ACTIVITIES
TO
MODIFY 
UNITED STATES AIRCRAFT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds author-
ized to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise 
made available for fiscal year 2019 for research, de-
velopment, test, and evaluation, Air Force, for arms 
control implementation (PE 0305145F), Aircraft 
Procurement, Air Force (line item C135B0/C- 
135B), or procurement, Air Force, for digital visual 
imaging system (BA-05, Line Item #1900) may be 
obligated or expended to carry out any activities to 
modify any United States aircraft for purposes of 
implementing the Open Skies Treaty until the Presi-
dent submits to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees the certification described in paragraph (2). 
(2) CERTIFICATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The certification de-
scribed in this paragraph is a certification of 
the President that— 
(i) the President has imposed treaty 
violations responses and legal counter-
measures on the Russian Federation for its 
violations of the Open Skies Treaty; and
904 
(ii) the President has fully informed 
the appropriate congressional committees 
of such responses and countermeasures. 
(B) DELEGATION.—The President may 
delegate the responsibility for making a certifi-
cation under subparagraph (A) to the Secretary 
of the State. 
(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives. 
(b) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO VOTE OR AP-
PROVE CERTAIN IMPLEMENTING DECISIONS
OF
THE 
OPEN SKIES CONSULTATIVE COMMISSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds author-
ized to be appropriated or otherwise made available 
by this Act or any other Act for fiscal year 2019 
may be used to vote to approve or otherwise adopt 
any implementing decision of the Open Skies Con-
sultative Commission pursuant to Article X of the 
Open Skies Treaty to authorize approval of requests
905 
by state parties to the Treaty to certify infra-red or 
synthetic aperture radar sensors pursuant to Article 
IV of the Treaty unless and until the following re-
quirements are met: 
(A) The Secretary of Defense, jointly with 
the relevant United States Government officials, 
submits to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees the following: 
(i) A certification that the imple-
menting decision would not be detrimental 
or otherwise harmful to the national secu-
rity of the United States. 
(ii) A report on the Open Skies Trea-
ty that includes the following: 
(I) The annual costs to the 
United States associated with counter-
measures to mitigate potential abuses 
of observation flights by the Russian 
Federation carried out under the 
Treaty over European and United 
States territories involving infra-red 
or synthetic aperture radar sensors. 
(II) A plan, and its estimated 
comparative cost, to replace the Trea-
ty architecture with an increased
906 
sharing of overhead commercial im-
agery, consistent with United States 
national security, with covered state 
parties, excluding the Russian Federa-
tion. 
(III) An evaluation by the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence of matters 
concerning how an observation flight 
described in clause (i) could implicate 
intelligence activities of the Russian 
Federation in the United States and 
United States counterintelligence ac-
tivities and vulnerabilities. 
(IV) An assessment of how such 
information is used by the Russian 
Federation, for what purpose, and 
how the information fits into the Rus-
sian Federation’s overall collection 
posture. 
(B) Not later than 90 days before the date 
on which the United States votes to approve or 
otherwise adopt any such implementing deci-
sion, the President shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a certification 
that—
907 
(i) the Russian Federation— 
(I) is in complete compliance 
with is obligations under the Open 
Skies Treaty; 
(II) is not exceeding the imagery 
limits set forth in the Treaty; and 
(III) 
is 
allowing 
observation 
flights by covered state parties over 
all of Moscow, Chechnya, Kaliningrad, 
and within 10 kilometers of its border 
with Georgia’s occupied territories of 
Abkhazia and South Ossetia without 
restriction and without inconsistency 
to requirements under the Treaty; 
(ii) covered state parties have been 
notified and briefed on concerns of the in-
telligence community (as defined in section 
3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
U.S.C. 3003)) regarding infra-red or syn-
thetic aperture radar sensors used under 
the Open Skies Treaty; and 
(iii) the Russian Federation has 
agreed to— 
(I) extradite the 13 Russian citi-
zens indicted on February 16, 2018,
908 
by the Department of Justice for un-
dertaking unlawful activities against 
the United States; 
(II) remove illegally stationed 
Russian troops and materiel from 
Ukraine’s autonomous Republic of 
Crimea and the city of Sevastopol; 
(III) cease all material financial 
support for Russian proxies in East-
ern Ukraine; and 
(IV) cease all military or finan-
cial support to any state that uses or 
has used against its own civilian pop-
ulation any agent or substance banned 
by the Chemical Weapons Convention. 
(2) WAIVER.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President may 
waive the application of paragraph (1) if the 
President determines that— 
(i) the waiver is in the national secu-
rity of the United States; and 
(ii) the Russian Federation has taken 
clear and verifiable action to return to full 
and complete compliance with the Open 
Skies Treaty.
910 
also include a recommendation as to the 
prospective date of retirement of the OC- 
135 fleet. 
(ii) DEFINITION.—In this subpara-
graph, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means— 
(I) the congressional defense 
committees; and 
(II) the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
(C) SUSPENSION OF OPERATION OF OC-135 
AIRCRAFT.—The Secretary of Defense is au-
thorized to cease operation of United States 
OC-135 aircraft under the Open Skies Treaty if 
continued operation of these aircraft would im-
pose undue risk to personnel or excessive cost. 
(c) FORM.—Each certification and report required 
under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex if necessary. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—Except as otherwise provided, in 
this section:
911 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
(2) CHEMICAL
WEAPONS
CONVENTION.—The 
term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Convention’’ means the 
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, 
Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weap-
ons and on Their Destruction, entered into force on 
April 29, 1997. 
(3) COVERED STATE PARTY.—The term ‘‘cov-
ered state party’’ means a foreign country that— 
(A) is a state party to the Open Skies 
Treaty; and 
(B) is a United States ally. 
(4) INFRA-RED
OR
SYNTHETIC
APERTURE 
RADAR SENSOR.—The term ‘‘infra-red or synthetic 
aperture radar sensor’’ means a sensor that is classi-
fied as—
912 
(A) an infra-red line-scanning device under 
category C of paragraph 1 of Article IV of the 
Open Skies Treaty; or 
(B) a sideways-looking synthetic aperture 
radar under category D of paragraph 1 of Arti-
cle IV of the Open Skies Treaty. 
(5) OBSERVATION FLIGHT.—The term ‘‘obser-
vation flight’’ has the meaning given such term in 
Article II of the Open Skies Treaty. 
(6) OPEN SKIES TREATY; TREATY.—The term 
‘‘Open Skies Treaty’’ or ‘‘Treaty’’ means the Treaty 
on Open Skies, done at Helsinki March 24, 1992, 
and entered into force January 1, 2002. 
(7) RELEVANT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
OFFICIALS.—The term ‘‘relevant United States Gov-
ernment officials’’ means the following: 
(A) The Secretary of Energy. 
(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security. 
(C) The Director of the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation. 
(D) The Director of National Intelligence. 
(E) The Commander of U.S. Strategic 
Command and the Commander of U.S. North-
ern Command in the case of an observation 
flight over the territory of the United States.
913 
(F) The Commander of U.S. European 
Command in the case of an observation flight 
other than an observation flight described in 
subparagraph (E). 
(8) SENSOR.—The term ‘‘sensor’’ has the 
meaning given such term in Article II of the Open 
Skies Treaty. 
SEC. 1233. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE TO THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION’S MATERIAL BREACH OF THE 
INF TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) James Mattis, Secretary of Defense, testi-
fied before the House Armed Services Committee on 
March 22, 2018, that ‘‘we have very modest expecta-
tions that they [Russia] would return to [INF] com-
pliance. As a result, in the Nuclear Posture Review, 
we are looking for a way, at the lowest possible cost, 
to checkmate them and make it in their best interest 
to return to compliance.’’. 
(2) The Honorable Daniel Coats, Director of 
National Intelligence, testified before the Senate 
Armed Services Committee on March 6, 2018, that 
the Russian Federation is violating the INF Treaty 
because ‘‘Moscow probably believes that the new
914 
GLCM provides sufficient advantages that make it 
worth the risk of violating the INF Treaty.’’. 
(3) General Hyten, Commander of the United 
States Strategic Command, also testified before the 
Senate Armed Services Committee on March 20, 
2018, about potential strategic advantages for China 
stemming from their lack of participation in the 
INF Treaty by saying that ‘‘they do not have any 
limitations in the INF [Treaty], and they have built 
significant numbers of intermediate-range ballistic 
missiles that if they were in the INF [Treaty], they 
would be contrary to the treaty’’. 
(4) General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the 
Joint Chiefs of Staff, testified before the House 
Armed Services Committee on April 12, 2018, that 
‘‘we’re not only looking for operational concepts and 
ways to deal with the Russian violation, but we’re 
also at least posturing ourselves to develop weapons 
should they be required’’. Secretary of Defense 
Mattis also stated in that same hearing ‘‘our effort 
will be matched at State Department by movement 
on arms control and nonproliferation. There are two 
thrusts to our nuclear strategy. . .and that’s why 
those funds have been requested.’’.
915 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States as follows: 
(1) The actions undertaken by the Russian 
Federation in violation of the INF Treaty, including 
the flight-test, production, and possession of prohib-
ited systems, have defeated the object and purpose 
of the INF Treaty, and thus constitute a material 
breach of the INF Treaty. 
(2) In light of the Russian Federation’s mate-
rial breach of the INF Treaty, the United States is 
legally entitled to suspend the operation of the INF 
Treaty in whole or in part for so long as the Russian 
Federation continues to be in material breach of the 
INF Treaty. 
(3) For so long as the Russian Federation re-
mains in noncompliance with the INF Treaty, the 
United States should take actions to encourage the 
Russian Federation to return to compliance with the 
INF Treaty, including by— 
(A) providing additional funds for the ca-
pabilities identified in section 1243(d) of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1062) and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear
916 
Forces Treaty Preservation Act of 2017 (Public 
Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1671); and 
(B) seeking additional missile defense as-
sets in the European theater needed to fill mili-
tary capability gaps to protect United States 
and NATO forces from ground-launched missile 
systems of the Russian Federation that are in 
noncompliance with the INF Treaty. 
(c) IMPOSITION OF ARMS CONTROL SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An amount equal to not less 
than 25 percent of the amount authorized to be ap-
propriated or otherwise made available to the De-
partment of Defense for fiscal year 2019 to provide 
support services to the Executive Office of the Presi-
dent, other than support services that are required 
for senior leader communications services, shall be 
withheld from obligation or expenditure until the 
date on which the President has submitted to the 
appropriate congressional committees the certifi-
cation described in paragraph (2). 
(2) CERTIFICATION
DESCRIBED.—The certifi-
cation described in this paragraph is a certification 
of the President that— 
(A) each requirement of section 1290 of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
917 
cal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 
2555; 22 U.S.C. 2593e) has been fully imple-
mented and is continuing to be fully imple-
mented; 
(B) the President has notified the appro-
priate congressional committees under such sec-
tion 1290 of the imposition of measures de-
scribed in subsection (c) of such section with re-
spect to each person identified in a report 
under subsection (a) of such section, including 
a detailed description of the imposition of all 
such measures; and 
(C) the President has submitted the report 
required by section 1244(c) of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 
(Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1674) (relating 
to report on plan to impose additional sanctions 
with respect to the Russian Federation). 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence, 
the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Com-
918 
mittee on Armed Services, and the Committee 
on Appropriations of the Senate; and 
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
the Committee on Armed Services, and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives. 
(2) INF TREATY.—The term ‘‘INF Treaty’’ 
means the Treaty between the United States of 
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and 
Shorter-Range Missiles, signed at Washington De-
cember 8, 1987, and entered into force June 1, 
1988. 
(3) NEW
START
TREATY.—The term ‘‘New 
START Treaty’’ means the Treaty between the 
United States of America and the Russian Federa-
tion on Measures for the Further Reduction and 
Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed at 
Prague April 8, 2010, and entered into force Feb-
ruary 5, 2011. 
(4) OPEN
SKIES
TREATY.—The term ‘‘Open 
Skies Treaty’’ means the Treaty on Open Skies, 
done at Helsinki March 24, 1992, and entered into 
force January 1, 2002.
919 
SEC. 1234. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF UKRAINE SE-
CURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE. 
Section 1250 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1068), as most recently amended by section 1234 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 
(Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1659), is further amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘50 per-
cent of the funds available for fiscal year 2018 
pursuant to subsection (f)(3)’’ and inserting 
‘‘50 percent of the funds available for fiscal 
year 2019 pursuant to subsection (f)(4)’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 
year 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2019’’; 
and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(5) LETHAL ASSISTANCE.—Of the funds avail-
able for fiscal year 2019 pursuant to subsection 
(f)(4), $50,000,000 shall be available only for lethal 
assistance described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of 
subsection (b).’’; 
(2) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the 
following:
920 
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2019, $250,000,000.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘December 
31, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2021’’. 
SEC. 1235. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON UNITED STATES 
MILITARY INVESTMENT IN EUROPE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Both the 2017 National Security Strategy 
and the 2018 National Defense Strategy highlight 
the Russian Federation as a long-term strategic 
competitor to the United States. 
(2) The Russian Federation uses a whole-of-so-
ciety approach to influence and attempt to shape the 
information space, weaken American resolve and 
confidence in its democracy, and undermine the 
power and international standing of the United 
States. 
(3) Through the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113– 
291), the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92), the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2017 (Public Law 114–328), and the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Pub-
lic Law 115–91), Congress has authorized, in total, 
approximately $9,800,000,000 for the European Re-
921 
assurance Initiative, now the European Deterrence 
Initiative, to reassure partners and allies and build 
a credible deterrent and defense against the Russian 
Federation. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to develop, implement, and sustain a cred-
ible deterrent against aggression and long-term strategic 
competition by the Government of the Russian Federation 
in order to enhance regional and global security and sta-
bility, including by the following: 
(1) Increased United States presence in Europe 
through additional permanently stationed forces, in-
cluding logistics enablers and a combat aviation bri-
gade. 
(2) Continued United States presence in Eu-
rope through rotational forces. 
(3) Increased United States pre-positioned mili-
tary 
equipment, 
including 
munitions, 
logistics 
enablers, and a division headquarters. 
(4) Sufficient and necessary infrastructure ad-
ditions and improvements throughout Europe. 
(5) Increased investment and prioritization to 
counter indirect action (such as information oper-
ations intended to influence), including sufficient
922 
cyber, counter-propaganda, and intelligence re-
sources. 
(6) Sufficient security cooperation resources 
and opportunities with partners and allies, including 
with member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization. 
SEC. 1236. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN 
PERSONS 
PROVIDING 
SOPHISTI-
CATED 
GOODS, 
SERVICES, 
OR 
TECH-
NOLOGIES FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF 
MAJOR DEFENSE EQUIPMENT OR ADVANCED 
CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS. 
(a) REPORT ON SANCTIONED PERSONS RELATING TO 
RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S NOTED VIOLATION OF THE INF 
TREATY.— 
(1) REPORT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that contains 
a list of persons described in section 1290(a)(1) 
of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2017 related to the Russian Fed-
eration’s noted violation of the INF Treaty, as 
noted in the 2016 Report on Adherence to and
923 
Compliance With Arms Control, Nonprolifera-
tion, and Disarmament Agreements and Com-
mitments. 
(B) FORM.—The report required by sub-
paragraph (A) shall be provided in unclassified 
form, but may contain a classified annex. 
(C) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COM-
MITTEES
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the 
term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 
1290(h) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2017. 
(2) INF TREATY DEFINED.—In this subsection, 
the term ‘‘INF Treaty’’ means the Treaty Between 
the United States of America and the Union of So-
viet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their 
Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, 
commonly referred to as the ‘‘Intermediate- Range 
Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty’’, signed at Wash-
ington December 8, 1987, and entered into force 
June 1, 1988. 
(b) REPORT ON SUPPLY CHAINS FOR RUSSIAN ARMS 
SALES PROGRAMS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
924 
President shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that contains the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An analysis of the foreign and domes-
tic supply chains in the Russian Federation 
that directly or indirectly significantly facili-
tates, supports, or otherwise aids the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation’s development, 
export, sale, or transfer of major defense equip-
ment or advanced conventional weapons. 
(B) A description of the geographic dis-
tribution of the foreign and domestic supply 
chains described in subparagraph (A), including 
sources of sophisticated goods, services, or tech-
nologies used for or by Russia for the develop-
ment, export, sale, or transfer of such equip-
ment or weapons. 
(C) An assessment of the ability of the 
Russian Government to domestically manufac-
ture or otherwise produce the goods, services, or 
technology necessary to support the develop-
ment, export, sale, or transfer of such equip-
ment or weapons.
925 
(2) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex. 
(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the House of Representatives. 
(c) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS PROVIDING SOPHISTICATED GOODS, 
SERVICES, OR TECHNOLOGIES FOR USE IN THE PRODUC-
TION OF MAJOR DEFENSE EQUIPMENT OR ADVANCED 
CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS.— 
(1) IDENTIFICATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of the submission of the report 
under subsection (b), and annually thereafter 
for 5 years, the President shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report 
that identifies each foreign person and each 
agency or instrumentality of a foreign state
926 
that the President determines is a foreign per-
son or an agency or instrumentality of a foreign 
state described in subparagraph (B). 
(B) FOREIGN PERSON OR AGENCY OR IN-
STRUMENTALITY
OF
A
FOREIGN
STATE
DE-
SCRIBED.—A foreign person or an agency or in-
strumentality of a foreign state described in 
this subparagraph is a foreign person or an 
agency or instrumentality of a foreign state 
that— 
(i) knowingly sells, leases, or other-
wise 
provides 
significant 
sophisticated 
goods, services, or technology, to any enti-
ties owned or controlled by the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation; or 
(ii) engages in a significant trans-
action or transactions to sell, lease, or oth-
erwise provide such sophisticated goods, 
services, or technologies, to entities bene-
ficially owned by the Russian Federation, 
if such activity under clause (i) or transaction 
under clause (ii) materially contributes to the 
ability of Russia to develop or produce major 
defense equipment or advanced conventional 
weapons.
927 
(C) FORM.—The report required under 
subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclas-
sified form, but may contain a classified annex. 
(D) EXCEPTION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The President shall 
not be required to identify a foreign person 
or an agency or instrumentality of a for-
eign state in a report pursuant to subpara-
graph (A) if— 
(I) the foreign person or the 
agency or instrumentality of a foreign 
state notifies the United States Gov-
ernment in advance that it proposes 
to engage in an activity under sub-
paragraph (B)(i) or a transaction 
under subparagraph (B)(ii); and 
(II) the President determines and 
notifies the appropriate congressional 
committees in classified form prior to 
the foreign person or agency or in-
strumentality of a foreign state engag-
ing in the activity under subparagraph 
(B)(i) or transaction under subpara-
graph (B)(ii) that such activity or
928 
transaction is in the national interests 
of the United States. 
(ii) NON-APPLICABILITY.—The excep-
tion under clause (i) shall not apply with 
respect to— 
(I) an agency or instrumentality 
of a foreign state the government of 
which the Secretary of State deter-
mines has repeatedly provided support 
for acts of international terrorism 
pursuant to section 6(j) of the Export 
Administration Act of 1979 (as con-
tinued in effect pursuant to the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers 
Act), section 40 of the Arms Export 
Control Act, section 620A of the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961, or any 
other relevant provision of law; or 
(II) any activity under subpara-
graph (B)(i) or transaction under sub-
paragraph (B)(ii) that involves, di-
rectly or indirectly, a foreign state de-
scribed in subclause (I). 
(2) SANCTIONS IMPOSED.—
929 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (C), not later than 180 days 
after the date of the submission of the report 
under subsection (b), and annually thereafter 
for 8 years, the President shall impose one or 
more of the sanctions described in subpara-
graph (B) with respect to any foreign person or 
agency or instrumentality of a foreign state 
identified pursuant to paragraph (1). 
(B) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanc-
tions described in this subparagraph are the fol-
lowing: 
(i) No sales of any defense articles, 
defense services, or design and construc-
tion services under the Arms Export Con-
trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) may be 
made to the foreign person or agency or 
instrumentality of the foreign state. 
(ii) No licenses for export of any item 
on the United States Munitions List that 
include the foreign person or agency or in-
strumentality of the foreign state as a 
party to the license may be granted. 
(iii) No exports may be permitted to 
the foreign person or agency or instrumen-
931 
(II)(aa) The authority to impose sanc-
tions under subclause (I) shall not include 
the authority to impose sanctions relating 
to the importation of goods. 
(bb) In item (aa), the term ‘‘good’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 
16 of the Export Administration Act of 
1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2415) (as continued 
in effect pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)). 
(cc) The penalties provided for in sub-
sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a per-
son that violates, attempts to violate, con-
spires to violate, or causes a violation of 
regulations promulgated under this section 
to carry out subclause (I) to the same ex-
tent that such penalties apply to a person 
that commits an unlawful act described in 
section 206(a) of that Act. 
(dd) Except as provided in subpara-
graph (I), the President may exercise all 
authorities provided to the President under
932 
sections 203 and 205 of the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of 
carrying out subclause (I). 
(C) EXCEPTIONS.—The President shall not 
be required to apply sanctions with respect to 
a foreign person or an agency or instrumen-
tality of a foreign state identified pursuant to 
paragraph (1)— 
(i)(I) if the President certifies to the 
appropriate congressional committees that 
the foreign person or agency or instrumen-
tality of the foreign state— 
(aa) is no longer carrying out ac-
tivities or transactions for which the 
sanctions were imposed pursuant to 
this paragraph; or 
(bb) has taken and is continuing 
to take significant verifiable steps to-
ward terminating the activities or 
transactions for which the sanctions 
were imposed pursuant to this para-
graph; and 
(II) the President has received reliable 
assurances from the foreign person or the
933 
agency or instrumentality of the foreign 
state that it will not carry out any activi-
ties or transactions for which sanctions 
may be imposed pursuant to this para-
graph in the future; 
(ii) in the case of procurement of de-
fense articles or defense services by the 
United States Government under existing 
contracts or subcontracts, including the ex-
ercise of options for production quantities 
to satisfy requirements essential to the na-
tional security of the United States, if the 
President determines in writing to the ap-
propriate congressional committees that— 
(I) the foreign person or agency 
or instrumentality of a foreign state 
to which the sanctions would other-
wise be applied is a sole source sup-
plier of the defense articles or serv-
ices, that the defense articles or serv-
ices are essential, and that alternative 
sources are not readily or reasonably 
available; and 
(II) it is in the national interest 
and the President certifies such deter-
934 
mination in writing to the appropriate 
congressional committees; or 
(iii) if the President certifies in writ-
ing to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that the identification of the for-
eign person or agency or instrumentality of 
a foreign state would impede the supply by 
any entity of the Russian Federation of a 
product or service, or the procurement of 
such product or service, by the Govern-
ment of the United States— 
(I) for purposes of civil aviation 
safety; or 
(II) in connection with any space 
launch conducted for the Government 
of the United States. 
(3) WAIVER.—The President may waive the ap-
plication of paragraph (2) for renewable periods not 
to exceed 180 days with respect to a foreign person 
or foreign persons, or agency or instrumentality of 
a foreign state, if the President— 
(A) determines that the waiver is impor-
tant to the national security of the United 
States; and
935 
(B) before the waiver takes effect, briefs 
the appropriate congressional committees on the 
waiver and the reason for the waiver. 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) ADVANCED
CONVENTIONAL
WEAP-
ONS.—The term ‘‘advanced conventional weap-
ons’’ includes— 
(i) such long-range precision-guided 
munitions, fuel air explosives, cruise mis-
siles, low observability aircraft, other radar 
evading aircraft, advanced military air-
craft, military satellites, electromagnetic 
weapons, and laser weapons that the Presi-
dent determines enhance offensive capabili-
ties in destabilizing ways; 
(ii) such advanced command, control, 
and communications systems, electronic 
warfare systems, or intelligence collection 
systems that the President determines en-
hance offensive capabilities in destabilizing 
ways; 
(iii) the S–300 and S–400 missile de-
fense systems and air superiority fighters; 
and
936 
(iv) such other items or systems as 
the President may, by regulation, deter-
mine necessary for purposes of this sub-
section. 
(B) AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY OF A 
FOREIGN STATE.—The term ‘‘agency or instru-
mentality of a foreign state’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 1603(b) of title 28, 
United States Code. 
(C) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COM-
MITTEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(i) the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions, the Committee on Armed Services, 
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Fi-
nance of the Senate; and 
(ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Financial Services, and the 
Committee on Ways and Means of the 
House of Representatives. 
(D) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 
person’’ means—
937 
(i) an individual who is not a United 
States person; or 
(ii) a corporation, partnership, or 
other nongovernmental entity which is not 
a United States person. 
(E) MAJOR
DEFENSE
EQUIPMENT.—The 
term ‘‘major defense equipment’’ has the mean-
ing given such term under section 120.8 of title 
22, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of the enactment of this Act). 
(F) 
PERSON.—The 
term 
‘‘person’’ 
means— 
(i) a natural person; 
(ii) a corporation, business associa-
tion, partnership, society, trust, financial 
institution, insurer, underwriter, guar-
antor, and any other business organization, 
any other nongovernmental entity, organi-
zation, or group, and any governmental en-
tity operating as a business enterprise; and 
(iii) any successor to any entity de-
scribed in clause (ii). 
(G) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 
‘‘United States person’’ means—
938 
(i) a United States citizen or an alien 
lawfully admitted for permanent residence 
to the United States; 
(ii) an entity organized under the laws 
of the United States or of any jurisdiction 
within the United States, including a for-
eign branch of such an entity; or 
(iii) any person in the United States. 
(5) DETERMINATION OF SOPHISTICATED.—The 
Secretary of State, with the concurrence of the Sec-
retary of Defense and in coordination with the heads 
of other relevant Federal agencies, shall promulgate 
regulations to determine if a good, service, or tech-
nology is sophisticated for purposes of this section. 
(6) DETERMINATION OF BENEFICIAL OWNER-
SHIP.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall promul-
gate regulations for determining beneficial ownership 
of an entity described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) to be 
less than fifty percent ownership. 
(7) COOPERATION.—The Secretary of State 
shall seek to consult and cooperate with United 
States allies and partners to impose sanctions as re-
quired under this subsection and to maximize the ef-
fect of these sanctions.
939 
(8) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection takes 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and 
applies with respect to activities and transactions de-
scribed in paragraph (1) that are carried out on or 
after such date of enactment. 
(d) ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR THE PURCHASE OF 
CERTAIN DEFENSE ARTICLES OR DEFENSE SERVICES 
FROM RUSSIA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an agency or 
instrumentality of the Islamic Republic of Iran or of 
any other state sponsor of terrorism that engages in 
the activities described in paragraph (2), the Presi-
dent shall, pursuant to section 6 of the Export Ad-
ministration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect pur-
suant to the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)), require a li-
cense under the Export Administration Regulations 
to export, re-export, or transfer to that foreign state, 
or specific sectors of that foreign state, any item 
subject to the Export Administration Regulations 
other than food, medicine, or medical devices. 
(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—The activities de-
scribed in this paragraph are the purchase, lease, or 
acquisition, on or after March 6, 2014, of major de-
940 
fense equipment or advanced conventional weapons 
from the Russian Federation. 
(3) SUSPENSION OF APPLICATION.—The Presi-
dent may suspend the application of the measures 
described in paragraph (1) for renewable periods not 
to exceed 180 days if the President determines and 
reports to the appropriate congressional committees 
that it is in the national security interest of the 
United States to do so. 
(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall be construed to apply to reexports 
of foreign manufactured items by non-United States 
persons that contain less than 10 percent United 
States-origin content, or previously licensed exports, 
reexports, or transfers. 
(5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) ADVANCED
CONVENTIONAL
WEAP-
ONS.—The term ‘‘advanced conventional weap-
ons’’ has the meaning given such term in sub-
section (c). 
(B) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COM-
MITTEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Com-
941 
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(C) EXPORT
ADMINISTRATION
REGULA-
TIONS.—The 
term 
‘‘Export 
Administration 
Regulations’’ means subchapter C of chapter 
VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (as 
in effect on the date of the enactment of this 
Act). 
(D) MAJOR
DEFENSE
EQUIPMENT.—The 
term ‘‘major defense equipment’’ has the mean-
ing given such term in subsection (c). 
(E) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The 
term ‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a 
country the government of which the Secretary 
of State determines has repeatedly provided 
support for acts of international terrorism pur-
suant to section 6(j) of the Export Administra-
tion Act of 1979 (as continued in effect pursu-
ant to the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act), section 40 of the Arms Export 
Control Act, section 620A of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961, or any other relevant pro-
vision of law. 
(6) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The licensing require-
ment under paragraph (1) shall take effect not later
942 
than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(e) SPECIAL RULE TO ALLOW FOR TERMINATION OF 
SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS ENGAGING IN 
TRANSACTIONS WITH THE INTELLIGENCE OR DEFENSE 
SECTORS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FED-
ERATION.—Section 231 of the Countering America’s Ad-
versaries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 22 
U.S.C. 9525) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as 
subsection (e) and (f), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (c), as amend-
ed, the following new subsection: 
‘‘(d) SPECIAL RULE TO ALLOW FOR TERMINATION 
OF SANCTIONABLE ACTIVITY.— 
‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—The President shall not 
be required to apply sanctions to a person described 
in subsection (a) for renewable periods not to exceed 
180 days with respect to the person if the President 
certifies in writing to the appropriate congressional 
committees that— 
‘‘(A) the person— 
‘‘(i) is no longer engaging in the activ-
ity described in subsection (a);
943 
‘‘(ii) has taken and is continuing to 
take significant verifiable steps toward ter-
minating the activity described in that sub-
section; or 
‘‘(iii) has agreed to reduce reliance 
upon Russian defense or intelligence sec-
tors of the Government of the Russian 
Federation trade over a specified period; 
‘‘(B) the person is taking specified actions 
to further the enforcement of this section; and 
‘‘(C) the President has received reliable as-
surances from the government with primary ju-
risdiction over the person that the person will 
not engage in any activity described in sub-
section (a) in the future outside of the param-
eters of any actions specified in subparagraph 
(A)(ii) or (iii) of such certification. 
‘‘(2) FORM.—The certification described in 
paragraph (1) shall be transmitted in an unclassified 
form, and may contain a classified annex.’’. 
(f) EXCEPTION RELATING
TO IMPORTATION
OF 
GOODS.—No provision affecting sanctions under this sec-
tion or an amendment made by this section shall apply 
to any portion of a sanction that affects the importation 
of goods.
944 
(g) TERMINATION.—This section, including the au-
thority to impose sanctions under this section and any 
sanctions so imposed, and any amendment made by this 
section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 1237. EXTENSION OF LIMITATION ON MILITARY CO-
OPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
Section 1232(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 
Stat. 2488), as amended by section 1231 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public 
Law 115–91), is further amended by striking ‘‘or 2018’’ 
and inserting ‘‘, 2018, or 2019’’. 
SEC. 1238. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING RUSSIA’S VIO-
LATIONS OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CON-
VENTION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States ratified the Convention 
on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, 
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on 
their Destruction, known as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons 
Convention’’, on April 24, 1997. 
(2) The Russian Federation ratified the Chem-
ical Weapons Convention on November 5, 1997.
945 
(3) Article 1 of the Chemical Weapons Conven-
tion requires all signatories to ‘‘never under any cir-
cumstances * * * use chemical weapons’’. 
(4) Russia’s stock of chemical weapons has 
been implicated in the assassination or injuries of 
the following individuals: 
(A) Sergei Skripal, Yulia Skripal, and 
Wiltshire Police Detective Sergeant Nicholas 
Bailey, 
poisoned 
using 
the 
nerve 
agent 
‘‘novichok’’ in Salisbury, England, in March 
2018. 
(B) Alexander Litvinenko, poisoned using 
polonium, in London, England, in November 
2006, about whose death a January 2016 in-
quest ordered by the British Parliament con-
cluded 
‘‘the 
FSB 
operation 
to 
kill 
Mr 
Litvinenko was probably approved by Mr 
Patrushev [then-director of the FSB] and also 
by President Putin’’. 
(5) Russia has also demonstrated its disregard 
for the obligations imposed by the Chemical Weap-
ons Convention by— 
(A) continuing to provide military and dip-
lomatic support for Syrian President Bashar al- 
Assad, who has used chemical weapons includ-
946 
ing chlorine gas and sarin against Syrian citi-
zens; 
(B) actively working to hinder the efforts 
of inspectors of the Organization for the Prohi-
bition of Chemical Weapons in Syria; and 
(C) consistently using its veto power at the 
United Nations Security Council to prevent ef-
fective international action against Assad for 
such activities. 
(6) The Condition 10(C) Report on Compliance 
with the Convention on the Prohibition of the Devel-
opment, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chem-
ical Weapons and on Their Destruction published by 
the Department of State in March 2018 asserts that 
‘‘Based on available information, the United States 
cannot certify that Russia has met its obligations 
under the Chemical Weapons Convention for dec-
laration of its: (1) [chemical weapons production fa-
cilities]; (2) [chemical weapons] development facili-
ties; and (3) [chemical weapons] stockpiles. In fact, 
due to Russia’s March 4, 2018, use of a military- 
grade nerve agent to attack two individuals in the 
United Kingdom, the United States certifies that the 
Russian Federation is in non-compliance with its ob-
947 
ligations under the [Chemical Weapons Conven-
tion].’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Russia’s actions constitute violations of 
Russia’s obligations under the Chemical Weapons Conven-
tion. 
SEC. 1239. UNITED STATES ACTIONS REGARDING MATE-
RIAL BREACH OF INF TREATY BY THE RUS-
SIAN FEDERATION. 
(a) UNITED STATES ACTIONS.—If the President does 
not certify to the appropriate congressional committees 
that the Russian Federation has returned to full and 
verifiable compliance with the INF Treaty within one year 
of the date of the enactment of this Act, the prohibitions 
set forth in Article VI of the INF Treaty shall no longer 
be binding on the United States as a matter of United 
States law. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and
948 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives. 
(2) INF TREATY.—The term ‘‘INF Treaty’’ 
means the Treaty Between the United States of 
America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and 
Shorter-Range Missiles, commonly referred to as the 
‘‘Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Trea-
ty’’, signed at Washington December 8, 1987, and 
entered into force June 1, 1988. 
SEC. 1240. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS TO EX-
TEND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW 
START TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The New START Treaty provides that, 
‘‘[w]hen a Party believes that a new kind of stra-
tegic offensive arm is emerging, that Party shall 
have the right to raise the question of such a stra-
tegic offensive arm for consideration in the Bilateral 
Consultative Commission’’. 
(2) Russian Federation President Vladimir 
Putin stated in a March 1, 2018, public speech 
that—
949 
(A) ‘‘I will speak about the newest systems 
of Russian strategic weapons that we are cre-
ating * * * we have embarked on the develop-
ment of the next generation of missiles.’’; 
(B) ‘‘We started to develop new types of 
strategic arms that do not use ballistic trajec-
tories at all when moving toward a target.’’; 
(C) ‘‘One of them is a small-scale heavy- 
duty nuclear energy unit that can be installed 
in a missile like our latest X-101 air-launched 
missile * * * In late 2017, Russia successfully 
launched its latest nuclear-powered missile at 
the central training ground. During its flight, 
the nuclear-powered engine reached its design 
capacity and provided the necessary propul-
sion.’’; 
(D) ‘‘[i]n December 2017, an innovative 
nuclear power unit for this unmanned under-
water vehicle completed a test cycle that lasted 
many years * * * [t]he tests that were con-
ducted enabled us to begin developing a new 
type of strategic weapon that would carry mas-
sive nuclear ordnance’’; 
(E) ‘‘[b]y the way, we have yet to choose 
names for these two new strategic weapons, the
950 
global range cruise missile and the unmanned 
underwater vehicle. We are waiting for sugges-
tions from the Defence Ministry’’; 
(F) ‘‘A real technological breakthrough is 
the development of a strategic missile system 
with fundamentally new combat equipment—a 
gliding wing unit, which has also been success-
fully tested * * * [w]e called it the Avangard’’; 
and 
(G) ‘‘I want to specifically emphasise that 
the newly developed strategic arms—in fact, 
new types of strategic weapons—are not the re-
sult of something left over from the Soviet 
Union. Of course, we relied on some ideas from 
our ingenious predecessors. But everything I 
have described today is the result of the last 
several years, the product of dozens of research 
organisations, design bureaus and institute.’’. 
(3) During the House Armed Services Com-
mittee hearing on April 12, 2018, Secretary of De-
fense James Mattis was asked whether Russia 
should honor the terms of the treaty and limit its 
new strategic offensive arms under the New START 
Treaty as it requires and he stated ‘‘Sir, I believe 
they should.’’.
951 
(b) LIMITATION.—None of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated or otherwise made available for fiscal year 
2019 for the Department of Defense may be obligated or 
expended to extend the implementation of the New 
START Treaty unless and until the President— 
(1) certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that— 
(A) the President has raised the issue of 
covered Russian systems in the appropriate fora 
with the Russian Federation under Article V of 
the New START Treaty or otherwise; and 
(B) the Russian Federation has responded 
in writing to the United States as to whether 
they will agree to declare the covered Russian 
systems as strategic offensive arms or otherwise 
pursuant to the New START Treaty; 
(2) submits a copy of the written response of 
the Russian Federation described in paragraph 
(1)(B) to the appropriate congressional committees; 
and 
(3) notifies the appropriate congressional com-
mittees as to whether the position of the Russian 
Federation threatens the viability of the New 
START Treaty or requires appropriate United 
States political, economic, or military responses.
952 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives. 
(2) COVERED
RUSSIAN
SYSTEMS.—The term 
‘‘covered Russian systems’’ means the following: 
(A) The heavy intercontinental missile sys-
tem known as ‘‘Sarmat’’ or otherwise identified. 
(B) 
An 
air-launched 
nuclear-powered 
cruise missile known as ‘‘X-101’’ or otherwise 
identified. 
(C) An unmanned underwater vehicle 
known as ‘‘Status 6’’ or otherwise identified. 
(D) 
The 
long-distance 
guided 
flight 
hypersonic 
weapons 
system 
known 
by 
‘‘Avanguard’’ or otherwise identified. 
(3) NEW
START
TREATY.—The term ‘‘New 
START Treaty’’ means the Treaty between the 
United States of America and the Russian Federa-
tion on Measures for the Further Reduction and
953 
Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed at 
Prague April 8, 2010, and entered into force Feb-
ruary 5, 2011. 
SEC. 1241. REPORT ON KREMLIN-LINKED CORRUPTION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the intelligence community should dedicate 
resources to further expose key networks which the 
corrupt political class in Russia uses to hide the 
money it steals; and 
(2) the President should pursue efforts to stifle 
Russian use of hidden financial channels, including 
anonymous shell companies and real estate invest-
ments, in a manner similar to the efforts undertaken 
to tighten banking regulations after the terrorist at-
tacks on September 11, 2001. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, in coordination with the Secretary of State and in 
consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, 
shall submit a report to Congress on assets owned by 
Vladimir Putin, Russian oligarchs, and senior officials of 
the Russian Government, including— 
(1) with respect to bank accounts, real estate 
holdings, and other financial assets, including those
954 
outside of Russia, that are owned by or accessible to 
Putin— 
(A) the location of such accounts, holdings, 
or assets; and 
(B) the contents of such accounts or the 
amount held through such holdings or assets; 
(2) the location, size, and contents of any assets 
of any oligarch listed pursuant to section 241 of the 
Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanc-
tions Act (Public Law 115–44; 131 Stat. 922); and 
(3) any ‘‘front’’ or shell companies, or other 
intermediaries, used by senior officials of the Rus-
sian Government to hide assets from public disclo-
sure. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under subsection (b) 
shall be submitted in classified form. 
(d) REASONABLE ATTEMPT TO ISSUE UNCLASSIFIED 
REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
submission of the report required under subsection (b), the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall— 
(1) publish an unclassified version of such re-
port on a publicly available website of the Depart-
ment of the Treasury; or
955 
(2) submit a notification to Congress describing 
the reasons for which the Secretary has determined 
that such release is not possible. 
SEC. 1242. REPORT ON RUSSIA’S SUPPORT FOR THE 
TALIBAN AND OTHER DESTABILIZING ACTIVI-
TIES IN AFGHANISTAN. 
The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense 
shall jointly submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions a report on Russia’s support for the Taliban and 
other destabilizing activities in Afghanistan. 
Subtitle E—Matters Relating to the 
Indo-Pacific Region 
SEC. 1251. SUPPORT FOR INDO-PACIFIC STABILITY INITIA-
TIVE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Initiative established pursuant to sub-
section (b) of section 1251 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 
115–91; 131 Stat. 1676) bolsters the efforts of the 
United States and its allies and partners in the 
Indo-Pacific region to deter aggression by providing 
resources to—
956 
(A) increase the presence and capabilities 
and enhance the posture of the United States 
Armed Forces in the region; 
(B) improve military and defense infra-
structure, basing, logistics, and access in the 
Indo-Pacific region in order to enhance the re-
sponsiveness and capabilities of the United 
States Armed Forces; and 
(C) increase bilateral and multilateral 
training and exercises with regional allies and 
partners; and 
(2) the United States should develop a multi- 
year strategic plan that specifies resource priorities 
to meet the objectives and the activities of the Initia-
tive described in subsection (c) of such section 1251. 
(b) REQUIREMENT AND RESOURCE PLAN.—Not later 
than March 1, 2019, the Secretary of Defense, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a requirement and 
resource plan that includes the following: 
(1) An analysis of the challenges faced by the 
United States to meet the objectives and activities 
outlined in subsection (c) of such section 1251.
957 
(2) The plan, resource requirements, and any 
additional authorities needed through fiscal year 
2024 to address such challenges. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (b) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include 
a classified annex. 
(d) INCLUSION IN BUDGET MATERIALS.—The Sec-
retary of Defense shall also include the requirement and 
resource plan required by subsection (b) in the budget ma-
terials submitted by the Secretary in support of the budget 
of the President for fiscal year 2020 (submitted to Con-
gress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States 
Code). 
(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1251 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 
is amended by striking ‘‘Indo-Asia-Pacific’’ and inserting 
‘‘Indo-Pacific’’ each place it appears. 
(f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives.
958 
SEC. 1252. UNITED STATES STRATEGY ON CHINA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States has a national strategic 
interest in ensuring that the United States main-
tains political, diplomatic, economic, military, and 
technological advantages over competitive adver-
saries. 
(2) The 2018 National Defense Strategy states 
that ‘‘the central challenge to the U.S. prosperity 
and security is the reemergence of long-term, stra-
tegic competition by what the National Security 
Strategy classifies as revisionist powers. It is in-
creasingly clear that China and Russia want to 
shape a world consistent with their authoritarian 
model—gaining veto authority over other nations’ 
economic, diplomatic, and security decisions’’. 
(3) The 2018 National Defense Strategy fur-
ther states that ‘‘China is leveraging military mod-
ernization, influence operations, and predatory eco-
nomics to coerce neighboring countries to reorder 
the Indo-Pacific region to their advantage. As China 
continues its economic and military ascendance, as-
serting power through an all-of-nation long term 
strategy, it will continue to pursue a military mod-
ernization program that seeks Indo-Pacific regional 
hegemony in the near-term and displacement of the
959 
United States to achieve global preeminence in the 
future’’. 
(4) Statements by officials of the United States 
and leading experts have emphasized that the 
United States requires a whole-of-government re-
sponse, across the full spectrum of capabilities, to 
address the challenges posed by China. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—Congress declares that 
long-term strategic competition with China is a principal 
priority for the United States that requires the integration 
of multiple elements of national power, including diplo-
matic, economic, intelligence, law enforcement, and mili-
tary elements, to protect and strengthen national security. 
(c) STRATEGY REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 
2019, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report containing a 
whole-of-government strategy with respect to the 
People’s Republic of China. 
(2) ELEMENTS
OF
STRATEGY.—The strategy 
required by paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) Strategic assessments of and planned 
responses to address the following activities by 
the Chinese Communist Party:
960 
(i) The use of political influence, in-
formation 
operations, 
censorship, 
and 
propaganda to undermine democratic insti-
tutions and processes, and the freedoms of 
speech, expression, press, and academic 
thought. 
(ii) The use of intelligence networks 
to exploit open research and development. 
(iii) The use of economic tools, includ-
ing market access and investment to gain 
access to sensitive United States indus-
tries. 
(iv) Malicious cyber activities. 
(v) The use of investment, infrastruc-
ture, and development projects, such as 
China’s Belt and Road Initiative, in Africa, 
Europe, Central Asia, South America, and 
the Indo-Pacific region, and the Polar Silk 
Road in the Arctic, as a means to gain ac-
cess and influence. 
(vi) The use of military activities, ca-
pabilities, and defense installations, and 
hybrid warfare methods, short of tradi-
tional armed conflict, against the United 
States or its allies and partners.
961 
(vii) The abuse of employment and 
student visa programs to enter the United 
States in order to conduct political, aca-
demic, or social influence efforts, or for the 
purposes of establishing Chinese Com-
munist Party cells or other entities under 
the control or coordination of the Chinese 
Communist Party. 
(viii) The Chinese Communist Party’s 
coercion or intimidation of Chinese nation-
als studying or working in the United 
States or outside China. 
(B) Available or planned methods to en-
hance strategic communication to counter Chi-
nese influence and promote United States inter-
ests. 
(C) An identification of the key diplomatic, 
development, intelligence, military, and eco-
nomic resources necessary to implement the 
strategy. 
(D) A plan to maximize the coordination 
and effectiveness of such resources to counter 
the threats posed by the activities described in 
subparagraph (A).
962 
(E) Available or planned interagency mech-
anisms for the coordination and implementation 
of the strategy. 
(3) FORM.—The report required by paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
include a classified annex. 
(4) ANNUAL BUDGET SUBMISSION.—The Presi-
dent shall ensure that the annual budget submitted 
to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, 
United States Code, clearly highlights the programs 
and projects proposed to be funded that relate to the 
strategy required by paragraph (1). 
(5) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriage con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select 
Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on 
Finance, the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 
the Judiciary, the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation, and the Com-
mittee on the Budget of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent
963 
Select Committee on Intelligence, the Com-
mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on 
Homeland Security, the Committee on the Judi-
ciary, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 
and the Committee on the Budget of the House 
of Representatives. 
SEC. 1253. STRENGTHENING TAIWAN’S FORCE READINESS. 
(a) DEFENSE ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary of De-
fense shall, in consultation with appropriate counterparts 
of Taiwan, conduct a comprehensive assessment of Tai-
wan’s military forces, particularly Taiwan’s reserves. The 
assessment shall provide recommendations to improve the 
efficiency, effectiveness, readiness, and resilience of Tai-
wan’s self-defense capability in the following areas: 
(1) Personnel management and force develop-
ment, particularly reserve forces. 
(2) Recruitment, training, and military pro-
grams. 
(3) Command, control, communications and in-
telligence. 
(4) Technology research and development. 
(5) Defense article procurement and logistics. 
(6) Strategic planning and resource manage-
ment. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—
964 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of 
State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report containing each of the following: 
(A) A summary of the assessment con-
ducted pursuant to subsection (a). 
(B) A list of any recommendations result-
ing from such assessment. 
(C) A plan for the United States, including 
by using appropriate security cooperation au-
thorities, to— 
(i) 
facilitate 
any 
relevant 
rec-
ommendations from such list; 
(ii) expand senior military-to-military 
engagement and joint training by the 
United States Armed Forces with the mili-
tary of Taiwan; and 
(iii) support United States foreign 
military sales and other equipment trans-
fers to Taiwan, particularly for developing 
asymmetric warfare capabilities. 
(2) APPROPRIATE SECURITY COOPERATION AU-
THORITIES.—For purposes of the plan described in
965 
paragraph (1)(C), the term ‘‘appropriate security co-
operation authorities’’ means— 
(A) section 311 of title 10, United States 
Code (relating to exchange of defense per-
sonnel); 
(B) section 332 such title (relating to de-
fense institution building); and 
(C) other security cooperation authorities 
under chapter 16 of such title. 
(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 
congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1254. MODIFICATION, REDESIGNATION, AND EXTEN-
SION OF SOUTHEAST ASIA MARITIME SECU-
RITY INITIATIVE. 
(a) MODIFICATION AND REDESIGNATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 
1263 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1073; 10 U.S.C. 2282 note), as amended by section
966 
1289 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 
2555), is further amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘South 
China Sea’’ and inserting ‘‘South China Sea 
and Indian Ocean’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘the 
‘Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative’ ’’ 
and inserting ‘‘the ‘Indo-Pacific Maritime Secu-
rity Initiative’ ’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The heading 
of such section is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘Sec. 1263. Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Initiative.’’. 
(b) COVERED COUNTRIES.—Subsection (e)(2) of 
such section is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) India.’’. 
(c) DESIGNATION
OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES.— 
Such section is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ‘‘subsection 
(f)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (g)’’; 
(2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), and 
(h) as subsections (g), (h), and (i), respectively; and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-
lowing:
967 
‘‘(f) INCLUSION OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES.—The 
Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Sec-
retary of State, is authorized to include additional foreign 
countries under subsection (b) for purposes of providing 
assistance and training under subsection (a) and addi-
tional foreign countries under subsection (e)(2) for pur-
poses of providing payment of incremental expenses in 
connection with training described in subsection (a)(1)(B) 
if, with respect to each such additional foreign country, 
the Secretary determines and certifies to the appropriate 
committees of Congress that it is important for increasing 
maritime security and maritime domain awareness in the 
Indo-Pacific region.’’. 
(d) EXTENSION.—Subsection (i) of such section, as 
redesignated, is amended by striking ‘‘September 30, 
2020’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2023’’. 
SEC. 1255. MISSILE DEFENSE EXERCISES IN THE INDO-PA-
CIFIC REGION WITH UNITED STATES RE-
GIONAL ALLIES AND PARTNERS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 
(North Korea) continues to develop, test, and threat-
en the use of intercontinental ballistic missiles and 
nuclear weapons that threaten the United States 
and United States allies and partners.
968 
(2) The People’s Republic of China and the 
Russian Federation continue to develop and deploy 
advanced counter-intervention technologies, includ-
ing fielding and testing highly maneuverable reentry 
vehicles and warheads (such as hypersonic weapons), 
and cruise missiles and small-unmanned aircraft sys-
tems (UAS) that challenge United States strategic, 
operational, and tactical freedom of movement and 
maneuver. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should— 
(1) continue to develop and deploy a robust 
missile defense in the Indo-Pacific region; 
(2) increase the capacity of interceptors, sen-
sors, and operational concepts in the region; 
(3) continue bilateral and multilateral oper-
ationally realistic missile defense exercises in the re-
gion; 
(4) increase coordination with United States re-
gional allies and partners, including Japan, South 
Korea, Australia, India, and other countries, as ap-
propriate; 
(5) begin planning for military exercises in 
2020 with United States regional allies and partners 
that is specifically focused on interoperability;
969 
(6) integrate radar information from United 
States and allied Patriot, Terminal High Altitude 
Area Defense, Aegis, and other systems for region- 
wide command and control capabilities; 
(7) increase the capacity of United States allies 
and partners through foreign military sales; 
(8) seek increased areas of co-production for 
components of missile defense systems; and 
(9) develop new capabilities to address threats 
to the region. 
(c) MISSILE DEFENSE EXERCISES IN THE INDO-PA-
CIFIC REGION.—The Secretary of Defense may conduct 
missile defense exercises in the Indo-Pacific region with 
United States regional allies and partners to improve 
interoperability. 
(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees 
a briefing on plans for missile defense exercises as de-
scribed in subsection (c). 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and
970 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1256. QUADRILATERAL COOPERATION AND EXERCISE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States, Japan, India, and Australia 
should— 
(1) promote security and stability in the Indo- 
Pacific region; 
(2) increase quadrilateral meetings to discuss 
and strengthen interoperability of their respective 
military and naval forces; 
(3) plan joint quadrilateral military patrols and 
exercises; 
(4) promote the values of a free and open Indo- 
Pacific region and address themes such as respect 
for international law, maritime security, non-
proliferation, and terrorism in the region; 
(5) explore joint regional infrastructure initia-
tives in the region; 
(6) engage in maritime capacity building among 
smaller Indo-Pacific countries; 
(7) develop new capabilities to deter and defend 
against threats to the region; and
971 
(8) support regional institutions and bodies, in-
cluding the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 
Regional Forum, to increase regional cooperation 
with respect to maritime security and domain aware-
ness and to promote internationally accepted rules 
and norms. 
(b) EXERCISE.—The Secretary of Defense may con-
duct a quadrilateral naval military exercise. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees 
a briefing on the matters contained in this section. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1257. NAME OF UNITED STATES INDO-PACIFIC COM-
MAND. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The combatant command known 
as the United States Pacific Command shall, beginning 
on January 1, 2020, be known as the ‘‘United States 
Indo-Pacific Command’’. Any reference to such combatant
972 
command in any law, regulation, map, document, record, 
or other paper of the United States shall be considered 
to be a reference to the United States Indo-Pacific Com-
mand. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) ANNUAL
REPORT
ON
NON-FEDERALIZED 
SERVICE NATIONAL GUARD PERSONNEL, TRAINING, 
AND
EQUIPMENT
REQUIREMENTS.—Section 10504 
of title 10, United States Code, as amended by sec-
tion 1071(a)(31), is further amended in subsection 
(c), as redesignated by such section, in paragraph 
(3)(H) by striking ‘‘United States Pacific Com-
mand’’ and inserting ‘‘United States Indo-Pacific 
Command’’. 
(2) CONTRACTING WITH THE ENEMY.—Section 
843(4) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ 
McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 10 U.S.C. 
2302 note) is amended by striking ‘‘United States 
Pacific Command’’ and inserting ‘‘United States 
Indo-Pacific Command’’.
973 
SEC. 1258. REQUIREMENT FOR CRITICAL LANGUAGES AND 
EXPERTISE IN CHINESE, KOREAN, AND RUS-
SIAN. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall— 
(1) evaluate the operational requirements for 
members of the Armed Forces possessing foreign 
language expertise in critical East Asian languages, 
including Chinese, Korean, and Russian; and 
(2) submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees a plan to address any shortfalls in these critical 
areas. 
SEC. 1259. MODIFICATION OF REPORT REQUIRED UNDER 
ENHANCING DEFENSE AND SECURITY CO-
OPERATION WITH INDIA. 
Subsection (a)(2) of section 1292 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 
114–328; 130 Stat. 2559; 22 U.S.C. 2751 note) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Not later than’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘The report shall also include a 
forward-looking strategy’’ and inserting the fol-
lowing:
974 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The report shall also in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) a forward-looking strategy’’; 
(3) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing a semicolon; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(B) a description of any limitations that 
hinder or slows progress in implementing the 
actions described in subparagraphs (A) through 
(L) of paragraph (1); 
‘‘(C) a description of actions India is tak-
ing, or the actions the Secretary of Defense or 
the Secretary of State believe India should take, 
to advance the relationship between the United 
States and in regards to subparagraphs (A) 
through (L) of paragraph (1); and 
‘‘(D) a description of— 
‘‘(i) measures that can be taken by 
the United States and India to improve 
interoperability; and 
‘‘(ii) progress in enabling agreements 
between the United States and India.’’.
975 
SEC. 1260. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON NAVAL VESSEL 
TRANSFERS TO JAPAN. 
It shall be the policy of the United States to support 
maritime defense cooperation with Japan, including 
through the transfer of excess United States naval vessels 
to the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. Such trans-
fers should include capabilities such as those represented 
by the Tarawa class amphibious assault ship, the Austin 
class amphibious transport dock, and the Charleston class 
amphibious cargo ship. 
SEC. 1261. REPORT AND PUBLIC NOTIFICATION ON CHINA’S 
MILITARY, MARITIME, AND AIR ACTIVITIES IN 
THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that greater transparency of China’s provocative 
military, maritime, and air activities in the Indo-Pacific 
region would— 
(1) aid in raising awareness of these activities 
in regional and international forums; 
(2) enable regional security partners to more ef-
fectively protect their sovereignty and defend their 
rights under international law; and 
(3) maintain stability within the region to en-
able constructive relations with China. 
(b) REPORT.—
976 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Director of National Intel-
ligence and the Secretary of State, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees on a quar-
terly basis a report describing China’s provocative 
military, maritime, and air activities in the Indo-Pa-
cific region. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report shall, at minimum, 
address China’s provocative military, maritime, and 
air activities, military deployments, and operations 
and infrastructure construction in the East China 
Sea, South China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and Indian 
Ocean. 
(3) DISSEMINATION
TO
REGIONAL
ALLIES.— 
The report shall be disseminated to regional allies 
and partners, as appropriate, in the Indo-Pacific re-
gion. 
(4) IMAGERY
AND
SUPPORTING
ANALYSIS.— 
The report may include imagery from military air-
craft and other sources with supporting analysis to 
describe China’s provocative maritime and air activi-
ties. 
(5) FORM.—The report shall be available to the 
public and shall be submitted or carried out in un-
classified form.
977 
(c) PUBLIC NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Director of National Intel-
ligence and the Secretary of State, shall provide no-
tice to the public of any activities described in para-
graph (2) immediately after the initiation of any 
such activities. 
(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—The activities de-
scribed in this paragraph are any significant desta-
bilizing or deceptive activities of China, including 
reclamation or militarization activity in the Indo-Pa-
cific region, use of military, government, or commer-
cial aircraft or maritime vessels to intimidate re-
gional neighbors. 
(3) WRITTEN
SUMMARY.—As soon as prac-
ticable after the notification to the public under 
paragraph (1) of any activities described in para-
graph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall distribute 
to the appropriate congressional committees and 
United States allies and security partners in the 
Indo-Pacific region a written summary to include 
imagery and supporting analysis describing such ac-
tivities. 
(d) REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO NATIONAL SECU-
RITY AND PROTECTION OF CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECU-
978 
RITY INFORMATION.—The dissemination and availability 
of the report under subsection (b) and the notification to 
the public under subsection (c) shall be made in a manner 
consistent with national security and the protection of 
classified national security information. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1262. SENIOR DEFENSE ENGAGEMENT WITH TAIWAN. 
(a) FINDING.—The Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 
115–135; 132 Stat. 341) states that it should be the policy 
of the United States to allow officials at all levels of the 
United States government, including Cabinet-level na-
tional security officials, general officers, and other execu-
tive branch officials, to travel to Taiwan to meet their Tai-
wan counterparts. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Pursuant to the policy 
described in the Taiwan Travel Act, the Secretary of De-
fense should send a Secretary of a military department
979 
or a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to Taiwan for 
the purpose of senior-level defense engagement. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 
in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall brief the 
congressional defense committees, the Committee on For-
eign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on For-
eign Affairs of the House of Representatives on any plans 
of the Department to carry out senior-level defense en-
gagement. 
SEC. 1263. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO REDUCE THE 
TOTAL 
NUMBER 
OF 
MEMBERS 
OF 
THE 
ARMED FORCES SERVING ON ACTIVE DUTY 
WHO ARE DEPLOYED TO THE REPUBLIC OF 
KOREA. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act may be used to reduce the total number of mem-
bers of the Armed Forces serving on active duty who are 
deployed to the Republic of Korea below 22,000 unless the 
Secretary of Defense first certifies to the congressional de-
fense committees that such a reduction is in the national 
security interest of the United States and will not signifi-
cantly undermine the security of United States allies in 
the region.
980 
SEC. 1264. ENHANCING MISSILE DEFENSE COOPERATION 
WITH PARTNERS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Secretary of Defense should seek opportuni-
ties to increase defense coordination and cooperation with 
United States partners with respect to missile defense. 
(b) MODIFICATION OF DEFENSE COOPERATION AU-
THORITY WITH INDIA.—Section 1292(a)(1) of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 
(Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2559; 22 U.S.C. 2751 
note), as amended by section 1258(a) of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 
115–91; 131 Stat. 1683), is further amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (K), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (L), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(M) develop closer defense cooperation 
with India on matters relating to missile de-
fense.’’.
981 
SEC. 1265. REINSTATEMENT OF REPORTING REQUIRE-
MENTS WITH RESPECT TO UNITED STATES- 
HONG KONG RELATIONS. 
Section 301 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy 
Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5731) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Not later than’’ and in-
serting ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— Not later than’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘March 31, 1993’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘March 31, 2006’’ and in-
serting ‘‘March 31, 2019, and annually there-
after through 2024’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘the Speaker of the House 
of Representatives’’ and inserting ‘‘the chair of 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form and shall be pub-
lished on a publicly available website of the Department 
of State.’’. 
SEC. 1266. REPORT ON NORTH KOREA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal
982 
departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes a descrip-
tion of any ongoing or planned efforts of the Department 
of State with respect to each of the following: 
(1) Resuming the repatriation from North 
Korea of members of the United States Armed 
Forces missing or unaccounted for during the Ko-
rean War. 
(2) Reuniting Korean Americans with their rel-
atives in North Korea. 
(3) Assessing the security risks posed by travel 
to North Korea for United States citizens. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1267. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING USE OF 
FORCE AGAINST NORTH KOREA. 
Nothing in this Act may be construed as authorizing 
the use of force against North Korea.
983 
SEC. 1268. REVIEW OF CONTROLLED ITEMS WITH RESPECT 
TO CHINA. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to Congress a report listing each technology included on 
the Commerce Control List maintained under Supplement 
No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration Regula-
tions (subchapter C of chapter VII of title 15, Code of 
Federal Regulations) and exempted for export to China, 
and each item removed from such List, designated as 
‘‘EAR99’’ by the Bureau of Industry and Security, and 
exported to China, during the 15-year period ending on 
such date of enactment that the Secretary determines cur-
rently poses an unacceptable national security risk. 
SEC. 1269. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND DISASTER RE-
LIEF EXERCISES CONDUCTED BY THE DE-
PARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN THE INDO-PA-
CIFIC REGION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Indo-Pacific region is home to over 60 
percent of the world’s population and is prone to 
natural disasters particularly due to its proximity to 
a geological vulnerable region. 
(2) The multilateral Pacific Partnership exer-
cise, first conducted in 2006 in response to the hu-
manitarian and disaster relief operations for the De-
984 
cember 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, 
involved the participation of 22 partner nations to 
improve the ability of each country to conduct hu-
manitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts. 
(3) The Pacific Partnership is the largest an-
nual multilateral disaster preparedness mission con-
ducted in the Indo-Pacific region. 
(4) The United States Agency for International 
Development, including through its Office of Foreign 
Disaster Assistance, leads and coordinates United 
States humanitarian efforts in foreign countries and 
often partners with the Department of Defense in 
responding to disasters. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Pacific Partnership, a civic and humani-
tarian mission which the United States Navy’s Pa-
cific Fleet, in conjunction with partner nations, non-
governmental organizations, and other United States 
and international governmental agencies conducts to 
strengthen alliances, improves United States and 
partner capacity to deliver humanitarian assistance 
and disaster relief and improves security cooperation 
among the partner nations in the Indo-Pacific re-
gion;
985 
(2) the Department of Defense should continue 
to play a role in response to requests for support in 
international humanitarian assistance and disaster 
response drawing on its unique capabilities, man-
power, and forward-deployed resources; and 
(3) the Secretary of Defense should assess the 
United States force posture in the Indo-Pacific re-
gion for future Pacific Partnerships and work to ex-
pand engagements in the entirety of the Indo-Pacific 
region if appropriate and if applicable renaming the 
program as the ‘‘Indo-Pacific Partnership’’. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than the end of the first 
full fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a briefing on the fol-
lowing: 
(1) A description of humanitarian assistance 
and disaster relief exercises conducted by the De-
partment of Defense in the Indo-Pacific region in 
the previous year that also identifies the partner 
countries and militaries involved in any such oper-
ations and exercises. 
(2) A description of any planned humanitarian 
assistance and disaster relief exercises for the fol-
lowing fiscal year in the Indo-Pacific region.
986 
(3) A description of any constraints on the abil-
ity of the Department of Defense to conduct human-
itarian assistance and disaster relief exercises, in-
cluding in resources. 
(4) A description of any efforts undertaken by 
the Secretary of Defense to ease operational burdens 
on the Armed Forces of the United States to partici-
pate in humanitarian assistance or disaster relief ex-
ercises, such as the pre-positioning of equipment, in-
clusion of additional partners, and inclusion of exer-
cises that may ordinarily be conducted independently 
of any humanitarian assistance operation or exer-
cise. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE DE-
FINED.—In subsection (c), the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives.
987 
Subtitle F—Other Matters 
SEC. 1271. REPORT ON STATUS OF THE UNITED STATES RE-
LATIONSHIP WITH THE REPUBLIC OF TUR-
KEY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States–Republic of Turkey rela-
tionship, over the past year, has become increasingly 
strained due to several provocative actions taken by 
the Government of Turkey. 
(2) The potential purchase by the Government 
of Turkey of the S-400 air and missile defense sys-
tem from the Russian Federation has led to tension 
with the relationship. 
(3) These actions could negatively impact com-
mon weapon system development between the United 
States and Turkey. 
(4) These actions could exacerbate current 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) inter-
operability challenges with respect to common mili-
tary architecture and information sharing. 
(5) These actions could impact current bilateral 
agreements between the United States and Turkey. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
988 
of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of 
State, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the status of the United 
States relationship with the Republic of Turkey. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required under this subsection shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An assessment of United States mili-
tary and diplomatic presence in Turkey, includ-
ing all military activities conducted from 
Incirlik Air Base or elsewhere. 
(B) An assessment of the potential pur-
chase by the Government of Turkey of the S- 
400 air and missile defense system from the 
Russian Federation and the potential effects of 
such purchase on the United States-Turkey bi-
lateral relationship, including an assessment of 
impacts on other United States weapon systems 
and platforms operated jointly with Turkey to 
include— 
(i) the F–35 Lightning II Joint Strike 
aircraft, to include co-production; 
(ii) the Patriot surface-to-air missile 
system;
989 
(iii) the CH–47 Chinook heavy lift 
helicopter; 
(iv) the AH–1 Attack helicopter; 
(v) the H–60 Black Hawk utility heli-
copter; and 
(vi) the F–16 Fighting Falcon air-
craft. 
(C) An identification of potential alter-
native air and missile defense systems that 
could be purchased by the Government of Tur-
key, including United States and other NATO 
member state military air defense artillery sys-
tems. 
(3) FORM.—The report required under this 
subsection shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may include a classified annex. 
(c) LIMITATION.—The Secretary of Defense may not 
take any action to execute delivery of a foreign military 
sale for major defense equipment subject to congressional 
notification under section 36 of the Arms Export Control 
Act (22 U.S.C. 2778) (made under a letter of offer issued 
under the authority of the Arms Export Control Act before 
the date of the enactment of this Act) to the Republic of 
Turkey until the Secretary submits to the appropriate con-
990 
gressional committees the report required under sub-
section (b). 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1272. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITY OF GULF CO-
OPERATION COUNCIL MEMBER COUNTRIES. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the member countries of the Gulf Coopera-
tion Council (GCC) are important security coopera-
tion partners of the United States; 
(2) the unity of GCC member countries is crit-
ical to facing growing threats from Iran; and 
(3) timely normalization of diplomatic, security, 
and economic relationships among GCC member 
countries is in the best interest of the United States. 
SEC. 1273. REPORT ON UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PO-
LICE TRAINING AND EQUIPPING PROGRAMS 
FOR MEXICO. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than July 1, 
2019, the President shall submit to the appropriate con-
991 
gressional committees a report on United States Govern-
ment police training and equipping programs for Mexico. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall include the following: 
(1) A list of all United States Government de-
partments and agencies involved in implementing the 
programs. 
(2) A description of the scope, size, and compo-
nents of the programs for fiscal years 2017 and 
2018, to include for each such program— 
(A) the types of units receiving such assist-
ance, including national police, gendarmerie, 
counternarcotics police, counterterrorism police, 
Formed Police Units, border security, and cus-
toms; 
(B) the purpose and objectives of the pro-
gram; 
(C) the funding and personnel levels for 
the program in each such fiscal year; 
(D) the authority under which the program 
is conducted; 
(E) the name of the United States Govern-
ment department or agency with lead responsi-
bility for the program and the mechanisms for 
oversight of the program;
992 
(F) the extent to which the program is im-
plemented by contractors or United States Gov-
ernment personnel; and 
(G) the metrics for measuring the results 
of the program and an assessment of the im-
pact achieved from the program. 
(3) An assessment of the requirements for the 
programs, and what changes, if any, are required to 
improve the capacity of the United States Govern-
ment to meet such requirements. 
(4) An evaluation of the appropriate role of 
United States Government departments and agen-
cies in carrying out and coordinating the programs. 
(5) An evaluation of the appropriate role of 
contractors in carrying out the programs, and what 
modifications, if any, are needed to improve over-
sight of such contractors. 
(6) Recommendations for legislative modifica-
tions, if any, to existing authorities relating to the 
programs. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and
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(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Homeland Security, and the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives. 
SEC. 1274. AUTHORITY TO INCREASE ENGAGEMENT AND 
MILITARY-TO-MILITARY COOPERATION WITH 
WESTERN BALKANS COUNTRIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense is au-
thorized to increase engagement and military-to-military 
cooperation with Western Balkans countries under the au-
thorities of chapter 16 of title 10, United States Code. 
(b) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘Western 
Balkans countries’’ means— 
(1) Serbia; 
(2) Bosnia and Herzegovina; 
(3) Kosovo; and 
(4) Macedonia.
994 
SEC. 1275. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS RELATING TO DE-
FENSE SECURITY COOPERATION STATUTORY 
REORGANIZATION. 
(a) CHAPTER REFERENCES.—The following provi-
sions of law are amended by striking ‘‘chapter 15’’ and 
inserting ‘‘chapter 13’’: 
(1) Section 886(a)(5) of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 466(a)(5)). 
(2) Section 332(a)(1) of the Consolidated Farm 
and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1982(a)(1)). 
(3) Section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10, United 
States Code. 
(4) Section 115(i)(6) of title 10, United States 
Code. 
(5) Section 12304(c)(1) of title 10, United 
States Code. 
(6) Section 484C(c)(3)(C)(v)) of the Higher 
Education 
Act 
of 
1965 
(20 
U.S.C. 
1091c(c)(3)(C)(v)). 
(b) SECTION REFERENCES.—(1) Title 10, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(A) in section 386(c)(1), by striking ‘‘Sections 
311, 321, 331, 332, 333,’’ and inserting ‘‘Sections 
246, 251, 252, 253, 321,’’; and
995 
(B) in section 10541(b)(9) in the matter pre-
ceding subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘sections 331, 
332, 333,’’ and inserting ‘‘sections 251, 252, 253,’’. 
(2) Section 484C(c)(3)(C)(i)) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1091c(c)(3)(C)(i)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘section 331, 332,’’ and inserting 
‘‘section 251, 252,’’. 
(c) OTHER TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.—(1) Chapter 
16 of title 10, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in section 311(a)(3), by striking ‘‘Secretary 
to State’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary of State’’; 
(B) in section 321(e), by striking ‘‘calender’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘calendar’’; 
(C) in the table of sections at the beginning of 
subchapter V of such chapter, by striking the item 
relating to section 342 and inserting the following: 
‘‘342. Regional Centers for Security Studies.’’; 
(D) in section 347— 
(i) in the heading of subsection (a)(7), by 
striking ‘‘ETC.’’ and inserting ‘‘ETC’’; and 
(ii) in the heading of subsection (b)(3)(B), 
by striking ‘‘ETC.’’ and inserting ‘‘ETC’’; and 
(E) in section 385(d)(1)(B), by striking ‘‘in-
clude’’ and inserting ‘‘including’’. 
(2) Section 1204(b) of the Carl Levin and Howard 
P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authorization Act
996 
for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 10 U.S.C. 
362 note) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘section 
2249e’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘section 
362’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘section 
2249e’’ and inserting ‘‘section 301(1)’’. 
SEC. 
1276. 
UNITED 
STATES-ISRAEL 
COUNTERING 
UN-
MANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS COOPERATION. 
Section 1279(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 22 
U.S.C. 8606 note), as most recently amended by section 
1278 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1700), is fur-
ther amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘and capabilities for countering 
unmanned aerial systems’’ after ‘‘anti-tunnel capa-
bilities’’; and 
(2) by inserting ‘‘and unmanned aerial sys-
tems’’ after ‘‘underground tunnels’’. 
SEC. 1277. THREE-YEAR EXTENSION OF AUTHORIZATION OF 
NON-CONVENTIONAL 
ASSISTED 
RECOVERY 
CAPABILITIES. 
Section 943(g) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 122 Stat.
997 
4579), as most recently amended by section 1051(n) of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1564), is further 
amended by striking ‘‘2021’’ and inserting ‘‘2024’’. 
SEC. 1278. REVISION OF STATUTORY REFERENCES TO 
FORMER NATO SUPPORT ORGANIZATIONS 
AND RELATED NATO AGREEMENTS. 
Section 2350d of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘NATO Support Organization’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘NATO Support 
and Procurement Organization’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘Support Partnership Agree-
ment’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Support 
or Procurement Partnership Agreement’’; 
(3) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘Support 
Partnership Agreements’’ and inserting ‘‘Support or 
Procurement Partnership Agreements’’; and 
(4) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ‘‘in Eu-
rope’’. 
SEC. 1279. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS CONCERNING MILI-
TARY-TO-MILITARY DIALOGUES. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) military-to-military dialogues, including in 
the case of allies, partners, and adversaries and po-
998 
tential adversaries, can be a useful and important 
tool for advancing United States national security 
objectives in a complex, interactive, and dynamic se-
curity environment; 
(2) frameworks for military-to-military dia-
logues should be flexible and adaptable to such a se-
curity environment and should be informed by na-
tional security guidance, such as the 2017 National 
Security Strategy and the 2018 National Defense 
Strategy; and 
(3) military-to-military dialogues can and 
should be reliable, enduring, and tailorable based on 
circumstance, so that such dialogues can be trusted 
and available when needed, particularly amid esca-
lating tensions. 
SEC. 1280. MODIFICATIONS TO GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT CEN-
TER. 
Section 1287 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (22 U.S.C. 2656 note) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by amending paragraph (2) of subsection 
(a) to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center 
shall be to direct, lead, synchronize, integrate, and 
coordinate efforts of the Federal Government to rec-
999 
ognize, understand, expose, and counter foreign 
state 
and 
foreign 
non-state 
propaganda 
and 
disinformation efforts aimed at undermining or in-
fluencing the policies, security, or stability of the 
United States and United States allies and partner 
nations.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(1) Direct, lead, synchronize, integrate, and 
coordinate interagency and international efforts to 
track and evaluate counterfactual narratives abroad 
that threaten the policies, security, or stability of the 
United States and United States allies and partner 
nations.’’; 
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) Identify current and emerging trends in 
foreign propaganda and disinformation in order to 
coordinate and shape the development of tactics, 
techniques, and procedures to expose and refute for-
eign propaganda and disinformation, and pro-ac-
tively support the promotion of credible, fact-based 
narratives and policies to audiences outside the 
United States.’’;
1000 
(C) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(6) 
through (10) as paragraphs (7) through (11), 
respectively; 
(D) by inserting after paragraph (5) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) Measure and evaluate the activities of the 
Center, including the outcomes of such activities, 
and implement mechanisms to ensure that the activi-
ties of the Center are updated to reflect the results 
of such measurement and evaluation.’’; and 
(E) by amending paragraph (8), as so re-
designated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(8) Use information from appropriate inter-
agency entities to identify the countries, geographic 
areas, and populations most susceptible to propa-
ganda and disinformation, as well as the countries, 
geographic areas, and populations in which such 
propaganda and disinformation is likely to cause the 
most harm.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d), by amending paragraphs 
(1) and (2) to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) DETAILEES AND ASSIGNEES.—Any Fed-
eral Government employee may be detailed or as-
signed to the Center with or without reimbursement, 
consistent with applicable laws and regulations re-
1001 
garding such employee, and such detail or assign-
ment shall be without interruption or loss of status 
or privilege. 
‘‘(2) OTHER
PERSONNEL.—The Secretary of 
State should, when hiring additional United States 
citizen personnel, preference use of Foreign Service 
limited appointments in accordance with section 309 
of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 
3949). The Secretary may hire United States citi-
zens or aliens, as appropriate, including as personal 
services contractors, for purposes of personnel re-
sources of the Center, if— 
‘‘(A) the Secretary determines that exist-
ing personnel resources or expertise are insuffi-
cient; 
‘‘(B) the period in which services are pro-
vided by a personal services contractor, includ-
ing options, does not exceed 3 years, unless the 
Secretary determines that exceptional cir-
cumstances justify an extension of up to one 
additional year; 
‘‘(C) not more than 50 United States citi-
zens or aliens are employed as personal services 
contractors under the authority of this para-
graph at any time; and
1002 
‘‘(D) the authority of this paragraph is 
only used to obtain specialized skills or experi-
ence or to respond to urgent needs.’’; 
(4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraphs 
(1) and (2) to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—For each of fiscal years 
2019 and 2020, the Secretary of Defense is author-
ized to transfer, from amounts appropriated to the 
Secretary pursuant to the authorization under this 
Act, to the Secretary of State not more than 
$60,000,000, to carry out the functions of the Cen-
ter. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary of 
Defense shall notify the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices, the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee 
on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs, and the Committee on Oversight and Govern-
ment Reform of the House of Representatives of a 
proposed transfer under paragraph (1) not less than 
15 days prior to making such transfer.’’; 
(5) in subsection (f), by amending paragraphs 
(1) and (2) to read as follows:
1003 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY FOR GRANTS.—The Center is 
authorized to provide grants or contracts of financial 
support to civil society groups, media content pro-
viders, nongovernmental organizations, federally 
funded research and development centers, private 
companies, or academic institutions for the following 
purposes: 
‘‘(A) To support local entities and linkages 
among such entities, including independent 
media entities, that are best positioned to refute 
foreign propaganda and disinformation in af-
fected communities. 
‘‘(B) To collect and store examples of 
print, online, and social media disinformation 
and propaganda directed at the United States 
or United States allies and partner nations. 
‘‘(C) To analyze and report on tactics, 
techniques, and procedures of foreign informa-
tion warfare and other efforts with respect to 
disinformation and propaganda. 
‘‘(D) To support efforts by the Center to 
counter efforts by foreign entities to use 
disinformation and propaganda to undermine or 
influence the policies, security, and social and
1004 
political stability of the United States and 
United States allies and partner nations. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING
AVAILABILITY
AND
LIMITA-
TIONS.—The Secretary of State shall provide that 
each entity that receives funds under this subsection 
is selected in accordance with the relevant existing 
regulations through a process that ensures such en-
tity has the credibility and capability to carry out ef-
fectively and in accordance with United States inter-
ests and objectives the purposes specified in para-
graph (1) for which such entity received such fund-
ing.’’; 
(6) by redesignating subsections (h) and (i) as 
subsections (i) and (j), respectively; and 
(7) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(h) CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFINGS.—The Secretary of 
State, together with the heads of other relevant Federal 
departments and agencies, shall provide a briefing to the 
Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Appro-
priations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs, and the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives not less often
1006 
(3) A description of the logistic support, sup-
plies, and services to be provided to the military 
forces of the country or organization and any other 
transactions associated with the agreement. 
(4) The estimated dollar value of support pro-
vided by the United States under the agreement. 
(5) A copy of the agreement, including all ap-
pendices. 
(6) An assessment as to whether or not the 
agreement is in United States national security in-
terests. 
(7) The end date of the agreement. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1282. PROHIBITION ON PROVISION OF WEAPONS AND 
OTHER FORMS OF SUPPORT TO CERTAIN OR-
GANIZATIONS. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act or otherwise made available to the Department 
of Defense for fiscal year 2019 may be used to provide 
weapons or any other form of support to— 
(1) Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and 
Syria (ISIS), Jabhat Fateh al Sham, or any indi-
1007 
vidual or group affiliated with any such organiza-
tion; and 
(2) any other entity that the Secretary of De-
fense determines may trade or sell arms to terrorist 
organizations. 
SEC. 1283. CERTIFICATION AND AUTHORITY TO TERMINATE 
FUNDING FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH RELAT-
ING TO FOREIGN TALENT PROGRAMS. 
(a) PLAN REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and with respect 
to funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made 
available by this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall sub-
mit to the congressional defense committees a plan to im-
plement the certification requirement described in sub-
section (b) to ensure that applicants seeking such funds 
for educational or academic training or research verify 
that such funds shall not be made available to any indi-
vidual who has participated in or is currently participating 
in a foreign talent or expert recruitment program of a 
country listed in subsection (d). 
(b) CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT FOR FUNDING.— 
Beginning not later than 1 year after the date of the en-
actment of this Act and with respect to funds authorized 
to be appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act, 
the Secretary of Defense shall require each applicant seek-
1008 
ing such funds for educational or academic training and 
research, including at institutions of higher education (as 
defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)), policy institutes, federal labora-
tories, or research institutes, to include with the applica-
tion a certification that none of the funds received by such 
applicant shall be made available to any individual who 
has participated in or is currently participating in a for-
eign talent or expert recruitment program of a country 
listed in subsection (d). 
(c) AUTHORITY TO TERMINATE FUNDING.—Begin-
ning 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Defense may terminate existing funding 
of, or prohibit the award of future funding to, a current 
recipient if such recipient is unable to provide the certifi-
cation described in subsection (b) with respect to such ex-
isting funding. 
(d) COUNTRIES LISTED.—The countries listed in this 
subsection are the following: 
(1) The People’s Republic of China. 
(2) The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 
(3) The Russian Federation. 
(4) The Islamic Republic of Iran.
1009 
SEC. 1284. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUPPORT FOR GEOR-
GIA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Georgia is a valued friend of the United 
States and has repeatedly demonstrated its commit-
ment to advancing the mutual interests of both 
countries, including the deployment of Georgian 
forces as part of the International Security Assist-
ance Force (ISAF) led by the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO) in Afghanistan and the Multi- 
National Force in Iraq. 
(2) The European Deterrence Initiative builds 
the partnership capacity of Georgia so it can work 
more closely with the United States and NATO, as 
well as provide for its own defense. 
(3) In addition to the European Deterrence Ini-
tiative, Georgia’s participation in the NATO initia-
tive Partnership for Peace is paramount to inter-
operability with the United States and NATO, and 
establishing a more peaceful environment in the re-
gion. 
(4) Despite the losses suffered, as a NATO 
partner of ISAF, Georgia is committed to the Reso-
lute Support Mission in Afghanistan with the fourth- 
largest contingent on the ground. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Congress—
1010 
(1) reaffirms United States support for Geor-
gia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity within its 
internationally-recognized borders, and does not rec-
ognize the independence of the Abkhazia and South 
Ossetia regions currently occupied by the Russian 
Federation; and 
(2) supports continued cooperation between the 
United States and Georgia and the efforts of the 
Government of Georgia to provide for the defense of 
its people and sovereign territory. 
SEC. 1285. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUPPORT FOR ESTO-
NIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and 
Lithuania are highly valued allies of the United 
States, and they have repeatedly demonstrated their 
commitment to advancing our mutual interests as 
well as those of the NATO Alliance. 
(2) Operation Atlantic Resolve is a series of ex-
ercises and coordinating efforts demonstrating the 
United States’ commitment to its European partners 
and allies, including the Baltic countries of Estonia, 
Latvia, and Lithuania, with the shared goal of peace 
and stability in the region. Operation Atlantic Re-
solve strengthens communication and understanding,
1011 
and is an important effort to deter Russian aggres-
sion in the region. 
(3) Through Operation Atlantic Resolve, the 
European Deterrence Initiative undertakes exercises, 
training, and rotational presence necessary to reas-
sure and integrate our allies, including the Baltic 
countries, into a common defense framework. 
(4) All three Baltic countries contributed to the 
NATO-led International Security Assistance Force 
in Afghanistan, sending troops and operating with 
few caveats. The Baltic countries continue to commit 
resources and troops to the Resolute Support Mis-
sion in Afghanistan. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Congress— 
(1) reaffirms its support for the principle of col-
lective defense in Article 5 of the North Atlantic 
Treaty for our NATO allies, including Estonia, Lat-
via, and Lithuania; 
(2) supports the sovereignty, independence, ter-
ritorial integrity, and inviolability of Estonia, Latvia, 
and Lithuania as well as their internationally recog-
nized borders, and expresses concerns over increas-
ingly aggressive military maneuvering by the Rus-
sian Federation near their borders and airspace;
1012 
(3) expresses concern over and condemns sub-
versive and destabilizing activities by the Russian 
Federation within the Baltic countries; and 
(4) encourages the Administration to further 
enhance defense cooperation efforts with Estonia, 
Latvia, and Lithuania and supports the efforts of 
their Governments to provide for the defense of their 
people and sovereign territory. 
SEC. 1286. REPORT ON UNITED STATES STRATEGY IN 
YEMEN. 
Not later than February 1, 2019, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees a report describing the strategy of the United States 
Armed Forces with respect to Yemen that includes a de-
scription of— 
(1) the activities that the United States Armed 
Forces are currently undertaking in Yemen; 
(2) the costs associated with the involvement of 
the United States Armed Forces in Yemen, includ-
ing costs relating to counterterrorism activities, re-
fueling missions, or other military activities; 
(3) the key United States military interests, ob-
jectives, long-term goals, and end-states for Yemen;
1013 
(4) indicators for the effectiveness of United 
States military efforts to achieve such interests, ob-
jectives, goals, or end-states; 
(5) how current United States military efforts 
in Yemen align with such objectives; 
(6) the estimated annual resources required 
through fiscal year 2022 for the United States 
Armed Forces to achieve such objectives; 
(7) the current legal authorities supporting 
United States military efforts in Yemen; and 
(8) any other matters the Secretary determines 
to be relevant. 
SEC. 1287. REPORT ON HIZBALLAH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after en-
actment of this Act, the President shall provide to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a report on Hizballah. 
Such report shall include each of the following: 
(1) An accounting of Hizballah’s known rocket 
arsenal. 
(2) An evaluation of the impact of the United 
Nations Interim Force in Lebanon mandate. 
(3) An evaluation of the tactical and strategic 
capabilities of Hizballah, including such capabilities 
related to defense.
1014 
(4) A detailed description of the known supply 
routes used in the illegal procurement of weapons 
for Hizballah. 
(5) An estimate of companies and other entities 
that support Hizballah’s network. 
(6) An assessment of the effects of the inter-
ference of Hizballah in conflicts throughout the Mid-
dle East region. 
(7) An assessment of how Hizballah raises, 
holds, and spends funds in territories where United 
Nations Interim Force in Lebanon operates. 
(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the Committees on Armed Services of the 
Senate and House of Representatives; 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
(4) the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives; and 
(5) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate.
1015 
SEC. 1288. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as authorizing 
the use of force against North Korea. 
SEC. 1289. MODIFICATION OF FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION 
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 
Subsection (a) of section 1275 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 
114–328; 130 Stat. 2540), as amended by section 
1262(a)(1) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1689), 
is further amended by striking ‘‘the Committees on Armed 
Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives’’ 
and inserting ‘‘the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the 
Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on For-
eign Affairs of the House of Representatives’’. 
SEC. 1290. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE ROLE OF 
THE UNITED STATES IN THE NORTH ATLAN-
TIC TREATY ORGANIZATION. 
It is the sense of Congress that continued United 
States leadership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion is critical to the national security of the United 
States.
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SEC. 1291. SENSE OF CONGRESS AND REAFFIRMING THE 
COMMITMENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO 
THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZA-
TION (NATO). 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) On April 4, 1949, the North Atlantic Trea-
ty Organization (NATO) was founded with the 
ideals of democracy, individual liberty, and the de-
sire for peaceful resolutions of disputes. 
(2) For over six decades, NATO has been a 
successful intergovernmental political and military 
alliance. 
(3) NATO’s collective defense acts as a deter-
rent to aggression where the alliance defends its Al-
lied countries against external security threats. 
(4) NATO strengthens the security of the 
United States by utilizing an integrated military co-
alition. 
(5) While Russia has continued to threaten the 
sovereignty of countries in Europe and exhibit 
threatening behavior toward our own military assets, 
NATO sends a clear collective message that the Alli-
ance will not tolerate Russia’s provocation. 
(6) In respect to the changing threats against 
Europe and the United States since the end of the 
Cold War, NATO has evolved to take on new dan-
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gers including terrorism, the spread of weapons of 
mass destruction, and cyber attacks. 
(7) After the September 11, 2001, terrorist at-
tacks on the United States, NATO invoked Article 
5 of the North Atlantic Treaty for the first time in 
NATO’s history to deploy military resources to Af-
ghanistan in support of the United States mission to 
combat a dangerous terrorist threat. 
(8) NATO aided the United States military by 
leading the International Security Assistance Force 
in Afghanistan from August 2003 to 2014, working 
with Afghan authorities to respond to the terrorist 
insurgency and to provide effective security across 
the country. 
(9) NATO continues a civilian-led presence in 
Afghanistan to strengthen Afghan security forces 
and institutions to ensure the country can rebuild its 
security operations and end safe haven for terrorists. 
(10) In November 2002 at the Prague Summit, 
NATO leaders adopted a Prague package to adapt 
NATO to the challenge of combating terrorism 
which included a Military Concept for Defense 
against Terrorism, a Partnership Action Plan 
against Terrorism, missile defense, cyber defense, 
and enhanced intelligence sharing.