(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Subsection (a) shall apply 
with respect to any appropriations bill making funds avail-
able for fiscal year 2024 or any succeeding fiscal year. 
SEC. 207. SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE MODERNIZATION OF 
CONGRESS. 
Regular Modernization Select Committees: The 
House should authorize a Modernization Select Committee 
at least every fourth Congress. Prior to the Select Com-
mittee on the Modernization of Congress being established 
in 2019, the Joint Committee on the Organization of Con-
gress in 1993 was the last organized reform entity. As 
the pace of change accelerates, Congress needs to evaluate 
itself at more regular intervals. The House, with or with-
out the Senate, should authorize a Select Committee with 
a mandate to evaluate the operations and efficiency of the 
institution. 
SEC. 208. EXPANDED INFORMATION IN HOUSE STAFF DI-
RECTORY. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives shall submit a report to the Committees on Appro-
priations and House Administration of the House of Rep-
resentatives on the feasibility of expanding the information 
included in the directory of employees of the House to in-
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clude information on the position held and the areas of 
responsibility assigned to each employee. 
TITLE III—EXPANDING ACCESS 
TO 
CONGRESSIONAL 
RE-
SEARCH SERVICE REPORTS 
ON LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
WEBSITE 
SEC. 301. INCLUSION OF REPORTS FROM ARCHIVE. 
Section 154(a)(2) of Legislative Branch Appropria-
tions Act, 2018 (2 U.S.C. 166a(a)(2)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as sub-
paragraph (C); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(B) INCLUSION
OF
ARCHIVED
MATE-
RIAL.—The term ‘CRS Report’ includes any re-
port or product described in subparagraph (A) 
which is produced prior to the effective date of 
this section, including any report or product 
maintained in a CRS archive.’’. 
SEC. 302. AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS IN STRUCTURED FOR-
MAT. 
Section 154(b)(1)(B) of the Legislative Branch Ap-
propriations Act, 2018 (2 U.S.C. 166a(b)(1)(B)) is 
amended by striking the period at the end and inserting 
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the following: ‘‘, and shall be available in a structured data 
format’’. 
SEC. 303. REPORT ON MAKING OTHER MATERIALS AVAIL-
ABLE. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the Congressional Research 
Service shall submit a report to Congress describing the 
steps the Director would be required to take in order to 
make materials and publications of the Service which are 
not treated as CRS Reports under section 154 of the Leg-
islative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018 (2 U.S.C. 166a) 
available through the website established and maintained 
by the Librarian of Congress under such section. 
SEC. 304. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by sections 301 and 302 shall 
take effect as if included in the enactment of section 154 
of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018 (2 
U.S.C. 166a). 
TITLE IV—LOBBYING 
DISCLOSURE 
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Lobbyist Disclosure 
Enhancement Act’’. 
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SEC. 402. MODIFICATIONS TO ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) LOBBYING DISCLOSURE ACT TASK FORCE.—Sec-
tion 6 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1605) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(c) LOBBYING DISCLOSURE ACT TASK FORCE.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Attorney General 
shall establish the Lobbying Disclosure Act Enforce-
ment Task Force (in this subsection referred to as 
the ‘Task Force’). 
‘‘(2) FUNCTIONS.—The Task Force shall— 
‘‘(A) have primary responsibility for inves-
tigating and prosecuting each case referred to 
the Attorney General under section 6(a)(8); 
‘‘(B) collect and disseminate information 
to the public with respect to the enforcement of 
this Act; 
‘‘(C) audit, as frequently as the Task 
Force determines to be necessary but not less 
frequently than once each calendar year, the ex-
tent of compliance or noncompliance with the 
requirements of this Act by lobbyists, lobbying 
firms, and registrants through a random sam-
pling of lobbying registrations and reports filed 
under that Act during the year; 
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‘‘(D) establish, publicize, and operate a 
toll-free telephone number to serve as a hotline 
for members of the public to report noncompli-
ance with the requirements of this Act; and 
‘‘(E) develop a mechanism to allow mem-
bers of the public to report such noncompliance 
online.’’. 
(b) REFERRAL OF CASES TO THE ATTORNEY GEN-
ERAL.—Section 6(a) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 1605(a)) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘United 
States Attorney for the District of Columbia’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Attorney General’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘United 
States Attorney for the District of Columbia’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Attorney General’’. 
(c) INFORMATION
IN ENFORCEMENT REPORTS.— 
Section 6(b)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 1605(b)(1)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘by case’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘public record’’ and inserting ‘‘by case and name 
of the individual lobbyists or lobbying firms involved, any 
sentences imposed’’. 
(d) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVED ENFORCE-
MENT.—The Attorney General may make recommenda-
tions to Congress with respect to— 
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(1) the enforcement of and compliance with the 
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; and 
(2) the need for resources available for the en-
hanced enforcement of the Lobbying Disclosure Act 
of 1995, taking into consideration the recommenda-
tions of the Comptroller General in reports sub-
mitted under section 26 of such Act. 
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend-
ments made by this section shall take effect upon the expi-
ration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 403. DEFINITION OF LOBBYIST. 
(a) REPEAL OF 20 PERCENT THRESHOLD FOR IN-
CLUSION OF LOBBYING ACTIVITIES.—Section 3(10) of the 
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1602(10)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘, other than an individual’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘period’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the first day of the first 
quarterly period described in section 5(a) of the Lobbying 
Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604(a)) that begins 
after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
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solely on behalf of the organization, the require-
ment to register under this subsection shall 
apply only if the lobbying activities of such em-
ployee include or are expected to include more 
than one lobbying contact.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect on the first day of the first 
quarterly period described in section 5(a) of the Lobbying 
Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604(a)) that begins 
after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 405. DISCLOSURE OF POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 
(a) EXPEDITED DISCLOSURE.—Section 5(d)(1) of 
the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1604(d)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 
by striking ‘‘30 days after’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘30th day is not’’ and inserting ‘‘20 days 
after the end of the quarterly period beginning on 
the first day of January, April, July, and October of 
each year, or on the first business day after such 
20th day if such 20th day is not’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘semiannual period’’ each place 
it appears and inserting ‘‘quarterly period’’. 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the first day of the first 
quarterly period described in section 5(a) of the Lobbying 
Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604(a)) that begins 
after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 406. IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS FOR LOBBYISTS. 
(a) REQUIRING ASSIGNMENT OF UNIQUE IDENTI-
FICATION NUMBER.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—Section 6(a)(3) of the 
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1605(a)(3)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub-
paragraph (A); 
(B) by adding ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon 
the end of subparagraph (B); and 
(C) by adding after subparagraph (B) the 
following: 
‘‘(C) a system that assigns a unique identi-
fication number for each lobbyist for whom a 
registration or report is filed under this Act;’’. 
(2) SECTION 406.—The amendments made by 
paragraph (1) shall apply to any registration or re-
port that is filed under section 4 or 5 of the Lob-
bying Disclosure Act of 1995— 
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(A) on or after the 90th day after the date 
of the enactment of this Act; or 
(B) before such 90th day, if such registra-
tion or report is, as of such 90th day, being re-
tained under section 6(a)(5) of the Lobbying 
Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1605(a)(5)). 
(b) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 
60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary 
of the Senate shall submit a report to Congress on the 
progress made by the Clerk and the Secretary in imple-
menting the amendment made by subsection (a), and shall 
include in the report an analysis of the progress made in 
including the unique identification number assigned to a 
lobbyist in the statements and reports filed under the Lob-
bying Disclosure Act of 1995 in a structured data format. 
SEC. 407. ETHICS TRAINING FOR LOBBYISTS. 
(a) REQUIRING COMPLETION
OF TRAINING.—The 
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 27. ETHICS TRAINING FOR LOBBYISTS. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRED ETHICS TRAINING.—Any individual 
who is a lobbyist registered or required to register under 
section 4 shall— 
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‘‘(1) complete ethics training described in sub-
section (b)— 
‘‘(A) not later than 6 months after the in-
dividual is first employed or retained for serv-
ices that include one or more lobbying contacts; 
and 
‘‘(B) at least once in each 5-year period 
during which the individual is registered or re-
quired to register under section 4; and 
‘‘(2) submit to the Clerk of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Secretary of the Senate certifi-
cation of the training completed under paragraph 
(1). 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED TRAINING.—The Ethics Committee 
of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee 
on Ethics of the Senate shall jointly— 
‘‘(1) determine the curriculum and certification 
requirements for the ethics training for individuals 
described in subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) approve those educational institutions, pro-
fessional associations, or other persons who are 
qualified to provide such ethics training; 
‘‘(3) determine the maximum fee that may be 
charged for the ethics training; and 
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‘‘(4) provide oversight of the ethics training 
program established under this section in order to 
determine the quality of instruction in, and the ad-
ministration of, the training program. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES
OF
CLERK
AND
SEC-
RETARY.—The Clerk of the House of Representatives and 
the Secretary of the Senate shall— 
‘‘(1) collect and review for completion and accu-
racy the certifications of ethics training submitted 
under subsection (a)(2); and 
‘‘(2) post on the websites of the Clerk and the 
Secretary, with respect to each individual required to 
complete ethics training under this section— 
‘‘(A) whether the individual has complied 
with such requirement; and 
‘‘(B) the certifications submitted by the in-
dividual under subsection (a)(2).’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect upon the expiration 
of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the en-
actment of this Act. 
(2) LOBBYISTS REGISTERED AS OF DATE OF 
ENACTMENT.—In the case of individuals who are 
registered under section 4 of the Lobbying Disclo-
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sure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1603) as of the effective 
date under paragraph (1), the ethics training re-
quired under section 27(a)(1) of such Act (as added 
by subsection (a)) shall be completed not later than 
the end of the 6-month period beginning on the ef-
fective date under paragraph (1). 
SEC. 408. REPEAL OF EXEMPTION OF REPORTING LOB-
BYING CONTACTS REPORTED UNDER FOR-
EIGN AGENTS REGISTRATION ACT. 
(a) REPEAL.—Section 3(8)(B) of the Lobbying Dis-
closure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1602(8)(B)) is amended 
by striking clause (iv). 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the first day of the first 
quarterly period described in section 5(a) of the Lobbying 
Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604(a)) that begins 
after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 409. REPEAL OF USE OF ESTIMATES BASED ON TAX 
REPORTING SYSTEM. 
Section 15 of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 
(2 U.S.C. 1610) is repealed. 
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(iv) by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) programmatically search and access 
all data in a serialized machine-readable format 
(such as XML) via a web-services application 
programming interface.’’; 
(C) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(1) 
through (8) as paragraphs (2) through (9), re-
spectively; and 
(D) by inserting before paragraph (2) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(1) CONGRESSIONALLY
DIRECTED
SPENDING 
ITEM.—The term ‘congressionally directed spending 
item’ means a provision or report language included 
primarily at the request of a Member of Congress 
providing, authorizing, or recommending a specific 
amount of discretionary budget authority, credit au-
thority, or other spending authority for a contract, 
loan, loan guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other 
expenditure with or to an entity, or targeted to a 
specific State, locality, or congressional district, 
other than through a statutory or administrative for-
mula-driven or competitive award process.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)(1)— 
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(A) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (G) as 
subparagraph (Q); and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (F) 
the following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(G) to the extent possible, the Federal 
agency, including the bureau, office, or subdivi-
sion, that authorized the Federal award; 
‘‘(H) the number of full-time equivalent 
employees for any entity that receives an award; 
‘‘(I) the estimated number of people who 
will benefit from the award; 
‘‘(J) after January 1, 2024, for each con-
tract, subcontract, purchase order, task order, 
lease agreement and assignment, and delivery 
order— 
‘‘(i) information about the extent of 
competition in awarding the contract, in-
cluding the number of bids or proposals 
determined to be responsive during the 
competitive process, and if the award was 
not competitive, the legal authority and 
specific rationale for awarding the contract 
without full and open competition (as de-
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fined in section 107 of title 41, United 
States Code); 
‘‘(ii) the full amount awarded under 
the contract or, in the case of lease agree-
ments or assignments, the amount paid to 
the Government, and the full amount of 
any option to expand or extend under the 
contract; 
‘‘(iii) the amount of the profit incen-
tive, such as an award fee; 
‘‘(iv) the type of contract, such as 
fixed price, cost plus pricing, labor hour 
contract, and time and materials contract; 
‘‘(v) a permanent link to the original 
solicitation or notice and the solicitation 
ID; 
‘‘(vi) an indication if the contract is 
the result of a legislative mandate, set- 
aside, preference program requirement, or 
other criteria, and whether the contract is 
multi-year, consolidated, or performance- 
based; and 
‘‘(vii) an indication if the contract is 
a congressionally directed spending item; 
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‘‘(K) after January 1, 2024, for any grant, 
subgrant, loan, award, cooperative agreement, 
and other form of financial assistance, an indi-
cation if the Federal award is a congressionally 
directed spending item; 
‘‘(L) the North American Industry Classi-
fication System code for any entity that receives 
a Federal award; 
‘‘(M) data on whether a business that re-
ceives a Federal award is a small business con-
cern owned and controlled by women, a small 
business concern owned and controlled by vet-
erans (as such terms are defined, respectively, 
in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
U.S.C. 632)), or a small business concern 
owned and controlled by socially and economi-
cally disadvantaged individuals (as defined in 
section 8(d)(3)(C) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 
637(d)(3)(C))); 
‘‘(N) data on if a business that receives an 
assistance award serves an underserved commu-
nity, such as a HUBZone (as defined in section 
31(b)(1) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
657a(b)(1))) or a labor surplus area (as deter-
mined by the Secretary of Labor), or if a busi-
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ness participates in the program established 
under section 8(a) of the Small Business Act 
(15 U.S.C. 637(a)) or another contracting as-
sistance program of the Federal Government; 
‘‘(O) the relevant National Interest Action 
Code, which tracks cross agency spending on 
events of national interest; and 
‘‘(P) after January 1, 2024, for any loan 
and loan guarantee, data on the name, address, 
and parent company of any private lender par-
ticipating in the award; and’’; and 
(3) in subsection (c)(5)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘subsection (a)(2)(A)(i)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘subsection (a)(5)(A)(i)’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection (a)(2)(A)(ii)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘subsection (a)(5)(A)(ii)’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Except as otherwise pro-
vided, the amendments made by subsection (a) shall be 
implemented not later than 6 months after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 502. IMPROVING DATA QUALITY. 
The Federal Funding Accountability and Trans-
parency Act of 2006 (Public Law 109–282; 31 U.S.C. 
6101 note) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 9. IMPROVING DATA QUALITY. 
‘‘(a) INSPECTOR GENERAL DATA AUDIT.—Each In-
spector General shall annually audit for the previous fiscal 
year the data used on the website established under sec-
tion 2 for the relevant Federal agency of the Inspector 
General, in compliance with generally accepted Govern-
ment auditing standards, and submit a report on such 
audit to the Director that includes at least the following: 
‘‘(1) A review of data used for the website to 
verify accuracy of the data and assess the process 
used for improving data quality. 
‘‘(2) A review of a statistically representative 
sample of Federal awards to determine whether the 
Federal agency of the Inspector General has appro-
priate measures in place to review data submissions 
under this Act for accuracy and completeness. 
‘‘(3) An identification of and report on new 
standards that the Inspector General recommends 
for implementation by the Federal agency of the In-
spector General to improve data quality. 
‘‘(4) A review of subaward data used for the 
website to assess completeness and accuracy of the 
data as best as possible and assess the process used 
to collect subaward data for changes that could im-
prove data quality. 
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‘‘(5) The adequacy of enforcement mechanisms 
to ensure compliance with reporting requirements. 
‘‘(d) DATA
VERIFICATION
SYSTEMS
PRIOR
TO 
AWARD DISTRIBUTION.—Before making a Federal award 
to a recipient, the Federal agency shall verify the accuracy 
and completeness of the information of the recipient. To 
carry out this subsection, a Federal agency may use any 
available verification tools, including the System for 
Award Management database, the Do Not Pay system of 
the Department of the Treasury, and any other database 
designated by the Office of Management and Budget for 
verification purposes. Recipient data that must be verified 
includes the following: 
‘‘(1) The legal name of the recipient. 
‘‘(2) The street address. 
‘‘(3) A taxpayer identification number. 
‘‘(4) The number of employees of an entity, if 
applicable.’’. 
SEC. 503. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO REPORTING OF 
AWARD DATA. 
(a) REVISION OF GUIDANCE.—The Director of the 
Office of Management and Budget shall revise the guid-
ance to Federal agencies by the Office on reporting Fed-
eral awards to clarify— 
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(1) the requirement for award description en-
tries to include sufficient information to convey the 
scope and purpose of the award; and 
(2) requirements for validating and docu-
menting agency award data submitted by Federal 
agencies. 
(b) INCLUSION OF CITY INFORMATION.—The Direc-
tor of the Office of Management and Budget shall include 
information on the city in which work is performed in the 
public reporting of the completeness of agency data sub-
missions by the Office. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘‘Fed-
eral agency’’ and ‘‘Federal award’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 2(a) of the Federal Funding 
Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Public Law 
109–282; 31 U.S.C. 6101 note), as amended by this Act. 
SEC. 504. RECIPIENT PERFORMANCE TRANSPARENCY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Funding Account-
ability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Public Law 109– 
282; 31 U.S.C. 6101 note), as amended by the preceding 
provisions of this Act, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 10. RECIPIENT PERFORMANCE TRANSPARENCY AND 
PAST PERFORMANCE. 
‘‘The Director shall ensure that the unique identifier 
required in section 2(b)(1)(E), which is used to link infor-
mation about an entity receiving an award on the website 
established under such section, is also used to link infor-
mation about such entity in the responsibility/qualification 
information on the System for Award Management.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall be implemented not later than 6 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 505. IMPROVEMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY/QUALIFICA-
TION INFORMATION. 
Section 872(c) of the Duncan Hunter National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 
110–417; 122 Stat. 4556) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘5-year period’’ and inserting ‘‘10-year pe-
riod’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(E) In an administrative proceeding, any 
administrative judgment that does not contain 
an explicit finding or acknowledgment of fault. 
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‘‘(F) In a civil proceeding, any settlement 
that does not contain an explicit finding or ac-
knowledgment of fault.’’. 
SEC. 506. FEDERAL CONTRACTOR COMPLIANCE. 
(a) PERIODIC INSPECTION OR REVIEW OF CONTRACT 
FILES.—Section 2313(e)(2) of title 41, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) PERIODIC INSPECTION OR REVIEW.— 
The Inspector General of each Federal agency 
shall periodically— 
‘‘(i) conduct an inspection or review of 
each contract file described in subpara-
graph (B) to determine if the agency is 
providing appropriate consideration of the 
information included in the database estab-
lished under subsection (a); and 
‘‘(ii) submit to the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Af-
fairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
Oversight and Accountability of the House 
of Representatives a report containing the 
results of the inspection or review con-
ducted under clause (i).’’. 
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(b) SELF-REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Subsection 
(f) of section 2313 of such title is amended to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(f) SELF-REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(1) CONTRACTS IN EXCESS OF SIMPLIFIED AC-
QUISITION THRESHOLD.—No funds appropriated or 
otherwise made available by any Act may be used for 
any Federal contract for the procurement of prop-
erty or services in excess of the simplified acquisition 
threshold unless the contractor has first made the 
certifications set forth in section 52.209–5 of the 
Federal Acquisition Regulation. 
‘‘(2) CONTRACTS IN EXCESS OF $500,000.—No 
funds appropriated or otherwise made available by 
any Act may be used for any Federal contract for 
the procurement of property or services in excess of 
$500,000 unless the contractor— 
‘‘(A) certifies that the contractor has sub-
mitted to the Administrator of General Services 
the information required under subsection (c) 
and that such information is current as of the 
date of such certification; or 
‘‘(B) certifies that the contractor has cu-
mulative active Federal contracts and grants 
with a total value of less than $10,000,000.’’. 
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(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than November 30 
for the previous fiscal year, the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall annually submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees describing the ex-
tent to which suspended or debarred contractors on the 
Excluded Parties List System— 
(1) are identified as having received Federal 
contracts on USAspending.gov; or 
(2) were granted waivers from Federal agencies 
from suspension or debarment for purposes of enter-
ing into Federal contracts. 
SEC. 507. IMPROVING ACCESS TO INFORMATION DIS-
CLOSED ON LOBBYING ACTIVITIES. 
(a) INFORMATION FILED WITH THE ADMINISTRATOR 
OF GENERAL SERVICES.—Section 1352(b) of title 31, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘file with that 
agency’’ and inserting ‘‘file electronically with the 
Administrator of General Services’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(7) The Administrator of General Services shall es-
tablish and maintain an online database that— 
‘‘(A) is available to each agency and the public; 
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‘‘(B) contains information disclosed pursuant to 
this subsection; and 
‘‘(C) is searchable, sortable, machine-readable, 
and downloadable.’’. 
(b) DEADLINE FOR DATABASE.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad-
ministrator of General Services shall establish the data-
base required by paragraph (7) of section 1352(b) of title 
31, United States Code, as added by subsection (a). 
SEC. 
508. 
INCLUSION 
OF 
NARRATIVES 
ON 
USASPENDING.GOV. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Of-
fice of Management and Budget shall allow any agency, 
in reporting a Federal award to USASpending.gov (or a 
successor website), to upload a narrative for such award. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 
meanings given that term in section 6101 of title 31, 
United States Code. 
(2) FEDERAL
AWARD.—The term ‘‘Federal 
award’’ has the meaning given that term in section 
2(a) of the Federal Funding Accountability and 
Transparency Act of 2006 (Public Law 109–282; 31 
U.S.C. 6101 note). 
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SEC. 509. SUSPENSION AND DEBARMENT DATABASE. 
(a) EXPANSION OF REQUIRED DATA; PUBLICATION 
OF CONTRACTOR EVALUATION RATINGS.—Subsection (c) 
of section 2313 of title 41, United States Code is amend-
ed— 
(1) in the matter before paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘5-year period’’ and inserting ‘‘10-year pe-
riod’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘in connection with the 
award or performance of a contract or grant 
with the Federal Government’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘$5,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$1,000’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (C)— 
(i) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘$5,000’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$1,000’’; 
(ii) 
in 
clause 
(ii), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$100,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$10,000’’; and 
(3) by inserting at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(9) Contractor evaluation ratings as provided 
for in subsection (b)(4) of section 42.1503 of title 
48, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the 
date of the enactment of this paragraph.’’. 
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(b) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY
OF RATINGS.—Section 
3010 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2010 (41 
U.S.C. 2313 note; Public Law 111–212), is amended by 
adding after ‘‘website’’ the following: ‘‘Contractor evalua-
tion ratings shall not be considered past performance re-
views for the purposes of this section.’’. 
(c) ELIMINATE LOOPHOLE.—Subsection (d)(3) of 
section 2313 of title 41, United States Code is amended 
by striking ‘‘, to the extent practicable,’’. 
(d) LOWER DISCLOSURE AND BENEFICIAL OWNER-
SHIP THRESHOLD.—Subsection (f) of section 2313 of title 
41, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the matter before paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘$10,000,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$5,000,000’’; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘subsection 
(c)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsections (c) and (d)’’. 
(e) LIABILITY; AUDITS.—Section 2313 of title 41, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at th end the 
following new subsections: 
‘‘(h) ENFORCEMENT.—A knowing and willful failure 
to disclose or update information in accordance with sub-
section (f) may result in one or more of the following: 
‘‘(1) Entry of the violation in the database de-
scribed by this section. 
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‘‘(2) A civil fine not exceeding $200,000. 
‘‘(3) Referral for suspension or debarment. 
‘‘(i) PERIODIC AUDITING.— 
‘‘(1) AUDIT PROCESS.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this subsection, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
develop a process to audit the following: 
‘‘(A) Any data reported under this section 
for compliance with this section and any regula-
tion promulgated under this section. 
‘‘(B) The online presentation on the Sys-
tem for Award Management for compliance 
with the 21st Century Integrated Digital Expe-
rience Act (10 U.S.C. 3501 note; Public Law 
115–336) and any other applicable law. 
‘‘(C) Compliance with section 508 of the 
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d). 
‘‘(2) BIENNIAL AUDITS.—Upon completion of 
the process required pursuant to paragraph (1), and 
every other year thereafter, the Comptroller General 
shall conduct an audit pursuant to that process. 
‘‘(3) AUDIT
REPORTS.—Upon completion of 
each audit required pursuant to paragraph (2), the 
Comptroller General shall submit a report that de-
tails the findings of the audit to the following: 
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‘‘(A) The Committee on Oversight and Ac-
countability of the House of Representatives. 
‘‘(B) The Committee on Homeland Secu-
rity and Governmental Affairs of the Senate. 
‘‘(C) The public through the Government 
Accountability Office website.’’. 
(f) REPORTING STANDARDS.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator for Federal Procurement Policy shall revise the 
Federal Acquisition Regulation maintained under section 
1303(a)(1) of title 41, United States Code, to prescribe 
minimum data quality standards requiring that informa-
tion entered into the database required by section 2313 
of title 41, United States Code, is reasonably informative 
and particular. 
TITLE VI—EXECUTIVE BRANCH 
TRANSPARENCY 
Subtitle A—Public Availability of 
Information 
SEC. 601. AGENCY DEFINED. 
In this subtitle (except as provided for in section 
606), the term ‘‘agency’’ has the meaning given that term 
under section 551 of title 5, United States Code. 
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SEC. 602. REQUIREMENT FOR DISCLOSURE OF FEDERAL 
SPONSORSHIP 
OF 
ALL 
FEDERAL 
ADVER-
TISING OR OTHER COMMUNICATIONS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Except as provided for in sub-
section (b), each advertisement or other communication 
paid for by an agency, either directly or through a contract 
awarded by the agency, shall include a prominent notice 
informing the target audience that the advertisement or 
other communication is paid for by that agency. 
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—The requirement in subsection (a) 
shall not apply to an advertisement or other communica-
tion— 
(1) that is 200 characters or less; or 
(2) that is distributed through a short message 
service. 
(c) ADVERTISEMENT OR OTHER COMMUNICATIONS 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘advertisement or 
other communication’’ includes— 
(1) an advertisement disseminated in any form, 
including print or by any electronic means; and 
(2) a communication by an individual in any 
form, including speech, print, or by any electronic 
means. 
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SEC. 603. IMPROVING ACCESS TO INFLUENTIAL EXECUTIVE 
BRANCH 
OFFICIAL’S 
VISITOR 
ACCESS 
RECORDS. 
(a) DISCLOSURE OF WHITE HOUSE VISITOR ACCESS 
RECORDS.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and monthly thereafter, the Presi-
dent shall disclose to the public all White House visitor 
access records and any meeting log for a virtual business 
meeting for the previous month that are redacted in ac-
cordance with subsection (c). 
(b) DISCLOSURE
OF
AGENCY
VISITOR
ACCESS 
RECORDS.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and monthly thereafter, the head 
of each agency shall disclose to the public all visitor access 
records for the previous month for such agency that are 
redacted in accordance with subsection (c). 
(c) INFORMATION NOT DISCLOSED.—The President 
under subsection (a) and the head of the relevant agency 
under subsection (b), as the case may be, may determine 
to not disclose the following information pursuant to this 
section: 
(1) Any information— 
(A) that implicates personal privacy or law 
enforcement concerns (such as date of birth, so-
cial security number, and contact phone num-
ber); 
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(B) that implicates the personal safety of 
White House staff (including daily arrival and 
departure); or 
(C) whose release would so threaten na-
tional security interests that it outweighs a 
strong presumption in favor of the public inter-
est in disclosure. 
(2) For a non-renewable period of up to a year, 
any information related to purely personal guests, 
but only if the interest of the executive branch in 
protecting an unfettered consultation conducted in 
secret strongly outweighs the public interest in an 
accountable government free of corruption and polit-
ical influence. 
(3) Any information related to a small group of 
particularly sensitive meetings (such as visits of po-
tential Supreme Court nominees). 
SEC. 604. IMPROVING RULEMAKING DISCLOSURE FOR THE 
OFFICE OF INFORMATION AND REGULATORY 
AFFAIRS. 
(a) INCLUSION IN THE RULEMAKING DOCKET OF 
DOCUMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS RELATED TO THE 
IMPLEMENTATION OF CENTRALIZED REGULATORY RE-
VIEW.—As soon as practicable and not later than 15 days 
after the conclusion of a centralized regulatory review for 
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a draft proposed or draft final rule, the Administrator of 
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall in-
clude in the rulemaking docket the following: 
(1) A copy of the draft proposed or draft final 
rule and supporting analyses submitted to the Office 
of Information and Regulatory Affairs for review. 
(2) A copy of the draft proposed or draft final 
rule that incorporates substantive changes, if any, 
made to the rule as part of implementing centralized 
regulatory review. 
(3) A document describing in a complete, clear, 
and simple manner any substantive change made by 
the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to 
the draft proposed or draft final rule submitted by 
the agency to the Office for review. 
(4) A copy of any document and written com-
munication (including any electronic mail and elec-
tronic mail file attachment), and a summary of any 
oral communication (including any phone call, phone 
conference, and meeting), exchanged as part of the 
implementation of the centralized regulatory review 
between or among any of the following: 
(A) The agency responsible for the rule. 
(B) The Office of Information and Regu-
latory Affairs. 
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(C) Any other office or entity within the 
Executive Office of the President. 
(D) An agency that is not the agency re-
sponsible for the rule. 
(E) An individual who is not employed 
by— 
(i) the executive branch of the Federal 
Government; or 
(ii) an agency that is not the agency 
responsible for the rule. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CENTRALIZED REGULATORY REVIEW.—The 
term ‘‘centralized regulatory review’’ means the in-
stitutional process of Presidential oversight of indi-
vidual agency rules governed by Executive Order 
12866 (58 Fed. Reg. 51735; relating to regulatory 
planning and review), or any successor to such Exec-
utive order. 
(2) RULE.—The term ‘‘rule’’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 551 of title 5, United 
States Code. 
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to preempt or displace the disclo-
sure requirements under any other provision of law affect-
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ing administrative procedure, if such requirements are not 
inconsistent with the requirements of this section. 
SEC. 605. IMPROVING REGISTRATION INFORMATION FROM 
AGENTS OF FOREIGN PRINCIPALS. 
(a) IMPROVING ONLINE ACCESS TO REGISTRATION 
INFORMATION.—Section 6(d)(1) of the Foreign Agents 
Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 616(d)(1)) is amend-
ed 
by 
striking 
‘‘in 
a 
searchable, 
sortable, 
and 
downloadable manner’’ and inserting ‘‘in a format which 
is directly searchable, sortable, downloadable, and ma-
chine-readable’’. 
(b) REPEALING EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION 
UNDER FOREIGN AGENTS REGISTRATION ACT OF 1938 
FOR PERSONS FILING DISCLOSURE REPORTS UNDER 
LOBBYING DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1995.— 
(1) REPEAL OF EXEMPTION.—Section 3 of the 
Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 
613) is amended by striking subsection (h). 
(2) TIMING
OF
FILING
OF
REGISTRATION 
STATEMENTS.—Section 2 of the Foreign Agents 
Registration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 612) is amend-
ed— 
(A) in subsection (a), in the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1), in the fourth sentence, by 
striking ‘‘The registration statement shall in-
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clude’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in 
subsection (h), the registration statement shall 
include’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) TIMING FOR FILING OF STATEMENTS BY PER-
SONS REGISTERED UNDER LOBBYING DISCLOSURE ACT 
OF 1995.—In the case of an agent of a person described 
in section 1(b)(2) or an entity described in section 1(b)(3) 
who has registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 
1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), after the agent files the 
first registration required under subsection (a) in connec-
tion with the agent’s representation of such person or enti-
ty, the agent shall file all subsequent statements required 
under this section at the same time, and in the same fre-
quency, as the reports filed with the Clerk of the House 
of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate (as the 
case may be) under section 5 of the Lobbying Disclosure 
Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1604) in connection with the 
agent’s representation of such person or entity.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect upon the expiration of the 
30-day period which begins on the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
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SEC. 606. GOVERNMENT-WIDE ENTITY IDENTIFIER. 
(a) AGENCY DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘agency’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘Executive 
agency’’ under section 105 of title 5, United States Code. 
(b) REQUIREMENT FOR ALL AGENCIES TO USE A 
GOVERNMENT-WIDE ENTITY IDENTIFIER.—The head of 
each agency shall, to the extent practicable, require each 
private sector entity from which the agency regularly col-
lects reports, filings, forms, disclosures, or other regular-
ized information to obtain a unique entity identifier that 
allows the private sector entity to be identified uniquely 
across all Federal regulatory, procurement, assistance, 
and other reporting regimes. 
(c) PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION CATEGORIZED 
USING GOVERNMENT-WIDE ENTITY IDENTIFIER.—The 
head of each agency shall, to the extent practicable, pub-
lish any public regulatory, procurement, assistance, and 
other reported information categorized using the unique 
entity identifier required under this section. 
(d) GOVERNANCE.—The unique entity identifier re-
quired under this section shall be based on the global enti-
ty identifier issued by— 
(1) utilities endorsed by the Regulatory Over-
sight Committee, whose charter was set forth by the 
Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of 
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the Group of Twenty and the Financial Stability 
Board; or 
(2) utilities endorsed or otherwise governed by 
the Global LEI Foundation so long as that Founda-
tion remains recognized by the Regulatory Oversight 
Committee or any successor global public oversight 
body. 
SEC. 607. GRANTS TRANSPARENCY REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle V of title 31, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 73 the 
following: 
‘‘CHAPTER 74—GRANTS TRANSPARENCY 
REQUIREMENTS 
‘‘Sec.
‘‘Sec. 7401. Definitions. 
‘‘Sec. 7402. Pre-award evaluation requirements. 
‘‘Sec. 7403. Website relating to federal grants. 
‘‘Sec. 7404. Postdecision explanation for failed applicants. 
‘‘§ 7401. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter: 
‘‘(1) APPLICANT.—The term ‘applicant’ means 
an entity that submits a proposal or application for 
a grant. 
‘‘(2) COMPETITIVE
GRANT.—The term ‘com-
petitive grant’ means a discretionary grant entered 
into through the use of merit-based selection proce-
dures for the purpose of allocating funds authorized 
under a grant program of an Executive agency. 
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‘‘(3) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘Execu-
tive agency’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 105 of title 5, except the term does not include 
the Government Accountability Office. 
‘‘(4) GRANT.—The term ‘grant’ means an 
award of Federal financial assistance through a 
grant agreement or cooperative agreement making 
payment in cash or in kind to a recipient to carry 
out a public purpose authorized by law. 
‘‘(5) GRANT REVIEWER.—The term ‘grant re-
viewer’, with respect to a grant— 
‘‘(A) means any individual who reviews, 
evaluates, or participates in the decision to se-
lect an applicant for award of the grant; and 
‘‘(B) includes— 
‘‘(i) a peer reviewer; 
‘‘(ii) a merit reviewer; and 
‘‘(iii) a member of a technical evalua-
tion panel or board or a special emphasis 
panel. 
‘‘§ 7402. Pre-award evaluation requirements 
‘‘(a) EVALUATION REQUIRED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Before awarding a competi-
tive grant and after determining eligibility and con-
ducting a merit-based review, the head of an Execu-
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tive agency shall conduct an evaluation of the risk 
posed by an applicant to successfully carry out the 
grant in accordance with section 200.205 of title 2, 
Code of Federal regulations (or any successor there-
to). 
‘‘(2) REVIEW
OF
INTERAGENCY
DUPLICA-
TION.—To the extent practicable, each evaluation 
conducted under paragraph (1) shall include a re-
view of any interagency duplication of efforts for re-
search grants, which may be completed through a 
text-similarity detection process. 
‘‘(b) SIMPLIFIED
EVALUATION
PROCEDURE
FOR 
CERTAIN APPLICANTS.— 
‘‘(1) COVERED APPLICANT DEFINED.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘covered applicant’ means an 
applicant that, based on a risk assessment conducted 
by the Executive agency, is determined to pose a rel-
atively low risk of failing to execute the grant suc-
cessfully and properly. 
‘‘(2) PROCEDURE.—In conducting the evalua-
tion required under subsection (a) with respect to a 
covered applicant, the head of an Executive agency 
shall— 
‘‘(A) minimize the burden on the covered 
applicant; and 
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‘‘(B) consider any existing findings with 
respect to the covered applicant under the sin-
gle audit process under chapter 75 of this title. 
‘‘§ 7403. Website relating to Federal grants 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—The Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget shall consult with the head of 
each Executive agency to upgrade grants.gov or any pro-
posed successor public website for finding Federal grant 
opportunities and applying for those grants so that the 
website— 
‘‘(1) may serve as a central point of informa-
tion and provide full access for applicants for com-
petitive grants; and 
‘‘(2) shall capture in one site, or provide elec-
tronic links to, other relevant databases. 
‘‘(b) NOTICE
OF
COMPETITIVE
GRANT
FUNDS 
AVAILABILITY.—At the time the head of an Executive 
agency issues a solicitation or otherwise announces the 
availability of funds for a competitive grant, the head of 
the Executive agency shall post on the grants website 
maintained under this section, in a searchable electronic 
format, relevant information about the grant opportunity, 
including the following: 
‘‘(1) The grant announcement and purpose of 
the grant. 
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‘‘(2) The anticipated period of performance for 
any new award and whether the Executive agency 
anticipates that the grant will be continued. 
‘‘(3) In the case of an announcement with re-
spect to which a specific sum is reserved, the 
amount of funds available for the grant. 
‘‘(4) A statement of eligibility requirements for 
the grant. 
‘‘(5) Contact information for the Executive 
agency, including the name, telephone number, and 
electronic mail address of a specific person or per-
sons responsible for answering questions about the 
grant and the application process for the grant. 
‘‘(6) A clear statement of the evaluation factors 
or criteria that the Executive agency intends to use 
to evaluate and rank grant applications or proposals 
submitted, including the weight to be applied to each 
factor or criterion. 
‘‘(7) A description of the process and standards 
to be used by the Executive agency to determine 
that each grant reviewer does not have a prohibited 
conflict of interest, as defined by applicable statute 
or regulation, with respect to the evaluation or re-
view of a grant application or proposal, or the deci-
sion to award a grant. 
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‘‘(8) The anticipated deadline for submission of 
grant applications or proposals. 
‘‘(9) A set of sample winning grant proposals 
awarded under the same or similar program within 
the last 3 years. 
‘‘(c) USE
BY APPLICANTS.—The grants website 
maintained under this section shall, to the greatest extent 
practicable, allow applicants to— 
‘‘(1) use the website with any widely-used com-
puter platform; 
‘‘(2) search the website for any competitive 
grant by purpose, funding agency, program source, 
and other relevant criteria; and 
‘‘(3) apply for a competitive grant using the 
website. 
‘‘(d) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR GRANTEES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The head of each Executive 
agency shall make available on the grants website 
maintained under this section detailed grant guid-
ance and written technical assistance for applicants. 
‘‘(2) GRANT
AWARD
PROCESS
INFORMATION 
POSTED.—With respect to each grant awarded by an 
Executive agency, the head of the Executive agency 
shall, not later than 30 days after the date on which 
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the grant is awarded, post on the grants website 
maintained under this section— 
‘‘(A) documentation explaining the basis 
for the selection decision for the grant, the 
number of proposals received for the grant, 
and, with respect to the proposal that resulted 
in the grant award, whether the grant was 
awarded consistent with a numerical ranking or 
other recommendations by grant reviewers; and 
‘‘(B) in any case in which the award of the 
grant is not consistent with the numerical 
rankings or any other recommendations made 
by grant reviewers, a written justification ex-
plaining the rationale for the decision not to fol-
low the rankings or recommendations. 
‘‘(3) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFOR-
MATION.—The head of each Executive agency 
may redact any personally identifiable informa-
tion from a post on the grants website main-
tained under this section. 
‘‘(B) ADVERSE INFORMATION.—An Execu-
tive agency may not post on the grants website 
maintained under this section any sensitive in-
formation that the head of the Executive agen-
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cy determines would adversely affect an appli-
cant. 
‘‘(e) SUBMISSION AND PUBLICATION OF GRANT SO-
LICITATION FORECAST ON THE GRANTS WEBSITE.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than November 
30 of each fiscal year or not later than 60 days after 
the date on which amounts are appropriated to an 
Executive agency for a fiscal year, whichever is later, 
the head of the Executive agency shall post a fore-
cast, in accordance with paragraph (2), of any non-
emergency grant solicitation that the Executive 
agency expects to issue for the following calendar 
year, which— 
‘‘(A) shall be based on the best informa-
tion available; and 
‘‘(B) shall not be binding on the Executive 
agency. 
‘‘(2) MATTERS
INCLUDED.—The forecast re-
quired under paragraph (1) shall include, to the ex-
tent practicable, for each expected grant solicitation 
in a machine-readable format the following: 
‘‘(A) A brief description of the subject and 
purpose of the grant, organized by the organi-
zational unit of the Executive agency. 
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‘‘(B) Contact information for the organiza-
tional unit or individual responsible for the 
grant, if known, including name, telephone 
number, and electronic mail address. 
‘‘(C) Each expected or actual date for the 
issuance of the grant solicitation and applica-
tion and the grant application submission dead-
line. 
‘‘(D) The estimated amount of the average 
grant award, the estimated maximum and min-
imum amounts of the grant award, if applica-
ble, and the estimated total number of grant 
awards to be made. 
‘‘(E) A description of the total amount 
available to be awarded. 
‘‘(f) PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), nothing in this section shall be construed 
to require the publication of information otherwise 
exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5 
(commonly referred to as the ‘Freedom of Informa-
tion Act’). 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—The exemption under sec-
tion 552(b)(5) of title 5 shall not exempt from publi-
cation predecisional documents required to be posted 
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pursuant to the requirements under subsection 
(d)(2). 
‘‘(g) TRANSPARENCY OF INFORMATION.—To the ex-
tent practicable, the grants website maintained under this 
section shall do the following: 
‘‘(1) Make available information described in 
this section— 
‘‘(A) in its original format; and 
‘‘(B) without charge, license, or registra-
tion requirement. 
‘‘(2) Permit the information described in this 
section to be— 
‘‘(A) searched; 
‘‘(B) downloaded in bulk; 
‘‘(C) disseminated via automatic electronic 
means; and 
‘‘(D) freely shared by the public, such as 
by social media. 
‘‘(3) Use permanent uniform resource locators 
for the information described in this section. 
‘‘(4) Provide an opportunity for the public to 
provide input about the usefulness of the site and 
recommendations for improvements. 
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‘‘§ 7404. Postdecision explanation for failed appli-
cants 
‘‘If requested by an applicant for a competitive grant, 
for each grant award made in an amount in excess of 
$100,000 pursuant to a merit-based selection procedure, 
an Executive agency shall provide the applicant with a 
timely direct interaction describing the basis for the award 
decision of the Executive agency, including, if applicable, 
the decision not to award a grant to the applicant.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters 
at the beginning of subtitle V of title 31, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
chapter 73 the following: 
‘‘74. Grant transparency requirements .................................... 7401’’. 
(c) INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF PEER REVIEW 
PROCESS.— 
(1) REVIEW.—Not later than 18 months after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Inspector 
General of each Executive agency that awards com-
petitive grants shall conduct a review of the effec-
tiveness of the conflicts of interest policy of the Ex-
ecutive agency, including a review of a random selec-
tion of peer review processes, with respect to the 
peer review process for competitive grants in order 
to detect favoritism. 
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(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the 
terms ‘‘competitive grant’’ and ‘‘Executive agency’’ 
have the meaning given those terms in section 7401 
of title 31, United States Code, as added by sub-
section (a). 
(d) GRANTS WORKFORCE REPORT.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Ex-
ecutive agency’’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, 
except the term does not include the Govern-
ment Accountability Office. 
(B) FEDERAL GRANTS WORKFORCE.—The 
term ‘‘Federal grants workforce’’, with respect 
to an Executive agency, means each employee 
of the Executive agency who spends some or all 
of their time engaged in any of the following: 
(i) Grant planning, including any pro-
grammatic activity. 
(ii) Preparing grant solicitations, No-
tices of Funding Opportunity, Notices In-
viting Applications, or other requests for 
grant proposals. 
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(iii) Evaluating or reviewing grant ap-
plications, including serving on a peer re-
view board. 
(iv) Monitoring or administering grant 
performance by grantees. 
(v) Preparing the Notice of Award 
and negotiating terms and conditions. 
(vi) Post-award closeout activities, in-
cluding final technical and financial re-
ports. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall submit to the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Over-
sight and Accountability of the House of Represent-
atives a report on the Federal grants workforce, 
which shall address the following: 
(A) The size of the Federal grants work-
force and expected trends in Federal employ-
ment for the Federal grants workforce. 
(B) The adequacy of training opportunities 
for the Federal grants workforce. 
(C) Whether the Federal Acquisition Insti-
tute or any other existing entity engaged in ac-
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quisition workforce training should be made 
available for grant training. 
(D) Whether a warrant system similar to 
that used in the Federal acquisition system 
should be established for Federal officials au-
thorized to award grants. 
(E) The use by Executive agencies of sus-
pension and debarment actions taken against 
grantees during the 3-year period preceding the 
date on which the report is submitted, and the 
level of agency resources assigned to the sus-
pension and debarment functions. 
(F) Any recommendations for improving 
the Federal grants workforce. 
Subtitle B—Publication of 
Opinions of Office of Legal Counsel 
SEC. 611. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘See UNdisclosed 
Legal Interpretations and Get Honest Transparency Act 
of 2024’’ or as the ‘‘SUNLIGHT Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 612. SCHEDULE OF PUBLICATION FOR FINAL OLC 
OPINIONS. 
Each final opinion issued by the Office of Legal 
Counsel must be made publicly available in its entirety as 
soon as is practicable, but— 
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(1) not later than 30 days after the opinion is 
issued or updated if such action takes place on or 
after the date of enactment of this Act; 
(2) not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after 
January 20, 1993; 
(3) not later than 2 years after the date of en-
actment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after 
January 20, 1981 and before or on January 19, 
1993; 
(4) not later than 3 years after the date of en-
actment of this Act for an opinion issued on or after 
January 20, 1969 and before or on January 19, 
1981; and 
(5) not later than 4 years after the date of en-
actment of this Act for all other opinions. 
SEC. 613. EXCEPTIONS AND LIMITATION ON PUBLIC AVAIL-
ABILITY OF FINAL OLC OPINIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—A final OLC opinion or part 
thereof may be withheld only to the extent— 
(1) information contained in the opinion was— 
(A) specifically authorized to be kept se-
cret, under criteria established by an Executive 
order, in the interest of national defense or for-
eign policy; 
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(B) in fact properly classified, including all 
procedural and marking requirements, pursuant 
to such Executive order; 
(C) the Attorney General determines that 
the national defense or foreign policy interests 
protected outweigh the public’s interest in ac-
cess to the information; and 
(D) has been put through declassification 
review within the past two years. 
(2) information contained in the opinion relates 
to the appointment of a specific individual not con-
firmed to Federal office; 
(3) information contained in the opinion is spe-
cifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other 
than sections 552 and 552b of title 5, United States 
Code), provided that such statute— 
(A) requires that the material be withheld 
in such a manner as to leave no discretion on 
the issue; or 
(B) establishes particular criteria for with-
holding or refers to particular types of material 
to be withheld; 
(4) information in the opinion includes trade se-
crets and commercial or financial information ob-
tained from a person and privileged or confidential 
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whose disclosure would likely cause substantial harm 
to the competitive position of the person from whom 
the information was obtained; 
(5) the President, in his or her sole and non-
delegable determination, formally and personally 
claims in writing that executive privilege prevents 
the release of the information and disclosure would 
cause specific identifiable harm to an interest pro-
tected by an exception or the disclosure is prohibited 
by law; or 
(6) information in the opinion includes per-
sonnel and medical files and similar files the disclo-
sure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted 
invasion of personal privacy. 
(b) DETERMINATION TO WITHHOLD.—Any deter-
mination under this section to withhold information con-
tained in a final OLC opinion must be made by the Attor-
ney General or a designee of the Attorney General. The 
determination shall be— 
(1) in writing; 
(2) made available to the public within the 
same timeframe as is required of a formal OLC 
opinion; 
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(3) sufficiently detailed as to inform the public 
of what kind of information is being withheld and 
the reason therefore; and 
(4) effective only for a period of 3 years, sub-
ject to review and reissuance, with each reissuance 
made available to the public. 
(c) FINAL OPINIONS.—For final OLC opinions for 
which the text is withheld in full or in substantial part, 
a detailed unclassified summary of the opinion must be 
made available to the public, in the same timeframe as 
required of the final OLC opinion, that conveys the es-
sence of the opinion, including any interpretations of a 
statute, the Constitution, or other legal authority. A nota-
tion must be included in any published list of OLC opin-
ions regarding the extent of the withholdings. 
(d) NO LIMITATION ON RELIEF.—A decision by the 
Attorney General to release or withhold information pur-
suant to this Act shall not preclude any action or relief 
conferred by statutory or regulatory regime that empowers 
any person to request or demand the release of informa-
tion. 
(e) REASONABLY SEGREGABLE PORTIONS OF OPIN-
IONS TO BE PUBLISHED.—Any reasonably segregable por-
tion of an opinion shall be provided after withholding of 
the portions which are exempt under this subsection. The 
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amount of information withheld, and the exemption under 
which the withholding is made, shall be indicated on the 
released portion of the opinion, unless including that indi-
cation would harm an interest protected by the exemption 
in this subsection under which the withholding is made. 
If technically feasible, the amount of the information with-
held, and the exemption under which the withholding is 
made, shall be indicated at the place in the opinion where 
such withholding is made. 
SEC. 614. METHOD OF PUBLICATION. 
The Attorney General shall publish each final OLC 
opinion to the extent the law permits, including by pub-
lishing the opinions on a publically accessible website 
that— 
(1) with respect to each opinion— 
(A) contains an electronic copy of the opin-
ion, including any transmittal letter associated 
with the opinion, in an open format that is plat-
form independent and that is available to the 
public without restrictions; 
(B) provides the public the ability to re-
trieve an opinion, to the extent practicable, 
through searches based on— 
(i) the title of the opinion; 
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(ii) the date of publication or revision; 
or 
(iii) the full text of the opinion; and 
(C) identifies the time and date when the 
opinion was required to be published, and when 
the opinion was transmitted for publication; 
and 
(D) provides a permanent means of access-
ing the opinion electronically; 
(2) includes a means for bulk download of all 
OLC opinions or a selection of opinions retrieved 
using a text-based search; 
(3) provides free access to the opinions, and 
does not charge a fee, require registration, or impose 
any other limitation in exchange for access to the 
website; and 
(4) is capable of being upgraded as necessary to 
carry out the purposes of this Act. 
SEC. 615. INDEX OF OPINIONS. 
(a) PUBLICATION OF INDEX.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Office of Legal Counsel 
shall publish a complete list of final OLC opinions, 
arranged chronologically, within 90 days of the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
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(2) UPDATES
AND
REVISIONS.—The list of 
opinions shall be updated immediately every time an 
OLC opinion becomes final, and a revision to an 
opinion shall be listed as if it were a new opinion. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR LIST.—Each list under sub-
section (a) shall comply with the following: 
(1) The list must be made available to the pub-
lic by publication on the website under section 614. 
(2) The list shall— 
(A) include, for each opinion— 
(i) the full name of the opinion; 
(ii) the date it was finalized or re-
vised; 
(iii) each author’s name; 
(iv) each recipient’s name; 
(v) a summary of the opinion; 
(vi) a unique identifier assigned to 
each final or revised opinion; and 
(vii) whether an opinion has been 
withdrawn; and 
(B) be published in both human-readable 
and machine-readable formats. 
SEC. 616. PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION. 
On complaint, the district court of the United States 
in the district in which the complainant resides, or has 
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his principal place of business, or in the District of Colum-
bia, has jurisdiction to enjoin the agency from withholding 
information contained in a final OLC opinion and to order 
the production of information improperly withheld from 
the complainant. In such a case the court shall determine 
the matter de novo, and may examine the contents of such 
OLC opinion in camera to determine whether such infor-
mation or any part thereof shall be withheld under any 
of the exemptions set forth in section 613, and the burden 
is on the agency to sustain its action. 
SEC. 617. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this subtitle, any amendment 
made by this subtitle, or the application thereof to any 
person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the 
remainder of this subtitle, of any such amendments, and 
of the application of such provisions to other persons and 
circumstances shall not be affected thereby. 
SEC. 618. DEFINITIONS. 
(a) OLC OPINION.—The term ‘‘OLC opinion’’ means 
views on a matter of legal interpretation communicated 
by the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Jus-
tice to any other office or agency, or person in an office 
or agency, in the Executive Branch, including any office 
in the Department of Justice, the White House, or the 
Executive Office of the President, and rendered in accord-
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ance with sections 511–513 of title 28, United States 
Code. Where the communication of the legal interpretation 
takes place verbally, a memorialization of that communica-
tion qualifies as an ‘‘OLC opinion’’. 
(b) FINAL OLC OPINION.—The term ‘‘final OLC 
opinion’’ means an OLC opinion that— 
(1) the Attorney General, Assistant Attorney 
General for OLC, or a Deputy Assistant General for 
OLC, has determined is final; 
(2) government officials or government contrac-
tors are relying on; 
(3) is relied upon to formulate legal guidance; 
or 
(4) is directly or indirectly cited in another Of-
fice of Legal Counsel opinion. 
(c) REVISED OLC OPINION.—The term ‘‘revised 
OLC opinion’’ means an OLC opinion that is withdrawn, 
information is added to, or information is removed from. 
Subtitle C—Contempt of Congress 
Procedures and Enforcement 
SEC. 621. AVAILABILITY OF CIVIL ACTION TO ENFORCE 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUBPOENAS. 
(a) CIVIL ACTION.—The House of Representatives 
may in a civil action obtain any appropriate relief to en-
force compliance with a subpoena or order of the House, 
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or to enforce compliance with a subpoena or order issued 
by a committee or subcommittee of the House authorized 
to issue a subpoena or order, if the House by resolution 
authorizes the commencement of that civil action. 
(b) REPRESENTATION BY GENERAL COUNSEL.—Un-
less the House otherwise provides, the Office of the Gen-
eral Counsel of the House of Representatives shall rep-
resent the House in the civil action. 
(c) PERSONAL JURISDICTION.—Personal jurisdiction 
of the court over a defendant in a civil action under this 
section extends outside the territorial jurisdiction of the 
court if the claim— 
(1) arose out of conduct by the defendant— 
(A) within that territorial jurisdiction, or 
(B) causing any injury, including informa-
tional injury to the right of the House to make 
an investigation, within that territorial jurisdic-
tion; or 
(2) otherwise has a reasonable relationship to 
contacts of the defendant with the territorial juris-
diction. 
(d) ASSESSMENT OF COMPETING INTERESTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In any civil action brought 
under this section, if the court has determined that 
the information or material which is the subject of 
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the subpoena or order involved is presumptively priv-
ileged based upon the President’s generalized inter-
est in confidentiality, the House may overcome this 
presumption by showing that— 
(A) the House, or a committee or sub-
committee thereof, has a specific need for the 
information or material in order to carry out its 
constitutional obligations; and 
(B) the information is not otherwise avail-
able. 
(2) ENFORCEMENT.—If the court determines 
that the House, or a committee or subcommittee 
thereof, has made the showing described in para-
graph (1), it shall enforce the subpoena or order in-
volved. 
(e) EXPEDITION OF TRIAL AND APPELLATE PRO-
CEEDINGS.—The court shall hear and determine a civil ac-
tion under this section as expeditiously as possible, and 
to the maximum extent practicable during the Congress 
in which the action is commenced. Any appellate pro-
ceedings relating to such a civil action shall similarly be 
expedited to assure to the extent possible that the matter 
is fully resolved during the Congress in which the action 
was commenced. 
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SEC. 622. ALTERNATE PROCEDURES FOR ENFORCEMENT 
OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT OF CONGRESS. 
(a) ALTERNATE PROCEDURE.— 
(1) SCOPE OF APPLICATION.—If the House of 
Representatives finds a current or former officer or 
employee of the Executive branch has violated sec-
tion 102 of the Revised Statutes of the United 
States (2 U.S.C. 192) or that any person has vio-
lated such section at the direction of the President 
or another officer of the Executive branch, the pro-
cedures of this section apply. 
(2) CERTIFICATION BY SPEAKER.—In accord-
ance with section 104 of the Revised Statutes of the 
United States (2 U.S.C. 194), upon the finding by 
the House of Representatives of a violation to which 
this section applies, the Speaker shall certify that 
finding to the appropriate United States attorney, 
whose duty it shall be to bring the matter before the 
grand jury for its action. 
(3) CIRCUMSTANCES
LEADING
TO
APPOINT-
MENT OF SPECIAL COUNSEL.—If— 
(A) the Attorney General or the United 
States attorney to whom the finding was cer-
tified informs the court or the House that the 
Department of Justice will not prosecute the 
case; or 
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(B) by the end of the 30th day after the 
date of receipt of a certification made under 
paragraph (2) a grand jury has not returned an 
indictment based on the violation alleged in the 
certification; 
the Special Division established under subsection (b) 
(hereinafter in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Special 
Division’’) shall appoint a special counsel under sub-
section (c). It shall be the duty of the Attorney Gen-
eral to inform that court and the House if a grand 
jury does not return an indictment by the end of the 
30-day period. The Speaker of the House, or any in-
terested congressional party, may file with the Spe-
cial Division a suggestion that circumstances giving 
rise to a duty to appoint a special counsel have oc-
curred after the 30-day period ends without the re-
turn of an indictment. 
(b) SPECIAL DIVISION.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is hereby estab-
lished within the United States Court of Appeals for 
the District of Columbia a Special Division to carry 
out the appointment of special counsels under this 
section. 
(2) DESIGNATION.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Justice of 
the United States shall designate three judges 
or justices of the United States, one of whom 
shall be an active judge of the United States 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, 
to serve on the Special Division, except that 
none of the judges or justices serving on the 
Special Division may serve or have served on 
the same court. 
(B) PRIORITY.—In designating judges and 
justices to serve on the Special Division, the 
Chief Justice shall give priority to senior circuit 
judges and retired justices of the United States 
Supreme Court. 
(C) DEADLINE.—The Chief Justice shall 
make the first such designation not later than 
45 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(3) TERM OF SERVICE.—Each designation to 
the Special Division shall be for a term of 2 years, 
but the Chief Justice may fill any vacancy arising 
before the end of a term for the remainder of that 
term. 
(c) APPOINTMENT, QUALIFICATIONS, AND PROSECU-
TORIAL JURISDICTION OF SPECIAL COUNSEL, AND AD-
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MINISTRATIVE MATTERS RELATING
TO
THE SPECIAL 
COUNSEL.— 
(1) 
APPOINTMENT, 
QUALIFICATIONS, 
AND 
PROSECUTORIAL JURISDICTION OF SPECIAL COUN-
SEL.— 
(A) 
APPOINTMENT
AND
QUALIFICA-
TIONS.—The Special Division shall appoint the 
special counsel, who must be an attorney in 
good standing with substantial prosecutorial ex-
perience— 
(i) who has not served in any capacity 
in the administration of the President who 
is or who was in office at the time the 
Speaker of the House certified the finding 
of a violation; and 
(ii) who is or who was not a Member, 
officer, or employee of Congress at the 
time the Speaker of the House certified the 
finding of a violation. 
(B) PROSECUTORIAL JURISDICTION.—The 
Special Division shall define the special coun-
sel’s prosecutorial jurisdiction as comprising the 
investigation and prosecution of the alleged vio-
lation, any conspiracy to commit the alleged 
violation, and any perjury, false statement, or 
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obstruction of justice occurring in relation to 
such investigation and prosecution. 
(2) AUTHORITY
OF
SPECIAL
COUNSEL
WITH 
RESPECT TO MATTERS WITHIN PROSECUTORIAL JU-
RISDICTION.—With respect to all matters in that 
special counsel’s prosecutorial jurisdiction, a special 
counsel appointed under this section shall have full 
power and independent authority to exercise all pros-
ecutorial functions and powers, and any other func-
tions and powers normally ancillary thereto, of the 
Department of Justice, the Attorney General, and 
any other officer or employee of the Department of 
Justice, except that the Attorney General shall exer-
cise direction or control as to those matters that spe-
cifically require the Attorney General’s personal ac-
tion under section 2516 of title 18, United States 
Code. 
(3) COMPLIANCE WITH POLICIES OF THE DE-
PARTMENT OF JUSTICE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A special counsel shall, 
except to the extent that to do so would be in-
consistent with the purposes of this section, 
comply with the written or other established 
policies of the Department of Justice respecting 
enforcement of the criminal laws. 
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(B) NATIONAL SECURITY.—A special coun-
sel shall comply with guidelines and procedures 
used by the Department in the handling and 
use of classified material. 
(4) SALARY.—The special counsel shall receive 
a salary equivalent to the salary of the United 
States Attorney for the District of Columbia. 
(5) STAFF.—The special counsel may appoint 
and fix the salaries of such staff, not to exceed 12 
in number, as the special counsel deems necessary to 
carry out the functions of the special counsel under 
this section. However, no salary of a member of such 
staff may exceed the salary of the special counsel. 
(6) EXPENSES.—The Department of Justice 
shall pay all costs relating to the establishment and 
operation of any office of special counsel. The Attor-
ney General shall submit to the Congress, not later 
than 30 days after the end of each fiscal year, a re-
port on amounts paid during that fiscal year for ex-
penses of investigations and prosecutions the special 
counsel. 
(7) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Each special coun-
sel shall report to Congress annually on the special 
counsel’s activities under this section. The report 
shall include a description of the progress of any in-
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vestigation or prosecution conducted by the special 
counsel and provide information justifying the costs 
of the activities reported on. 
(d) REMOVAL OF SPECIAL COUNSEL.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A special counsel may be re-
moved from office, other than by impeachment and 
conviction, only by the personal action of the Attor-
ney General, and only for good cause, physical or 
mental disability, or any other condition that sub-
stantially impairs the performance of that special 
counsel’s duties. 
(2) REPORT
UPON
REMOVAL.—If a special 
counsel is removed from office, the Attorney General 
shall promptly submit to the Special Division and to 
Congress a report specifying the facts found and the 
ultimate grounds for the removal. 
(3) JUDICIAL REVIEW OF REMOVAL.—A special 
counsel removed from office may obtain judicial re-
view of the removal in a civil action. The Special Di-
vision may not hear or determine any appeal of a de-
cision in any such civil action. The special counsel 
may be reinstated or granted other appropriate relief 
by order of the court. 
(4) APPOINTMENT
OF
REPLACEMENT.—Upon 
removal of a special counsel, the Special Division 
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shall appoint a similarly qualified individual to con-
tinue the functions of the special counsel. 
(e) TERMINATION OF SPECIAL COUNSEL’S AUTHOR-
ITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The authority of the special 
counsel shall cease 2 years after the date of the spe-
cial counsel’s appointment, but the Special Division 
may extend that authority for an additional period 
not to exceed one year, if the Special Division finds 
good cause to do so. Good cause to do so includes 
that the investigation or prosecution undertaken by 
the special counsel has been delayed by dilatory tac-
tics by persons who could provide evidence that 
would significantly assist the investigation or pros-
ecution, and also includes the need to allow the spe-
cial counsel to participate in any appellate pro-
ceedings related to prosecutions engaged in by the 
special counsel. 
(2) TERMINATION BY COURT.—The Special Di-
vision, either on the Special Division’s own motion 
or upon the request of the Attorney General, may 
terminate an office of special counsel at any time, on 
the ground that the investigation of all matters with-
in the prosecutorial jurisdiction of such special coun-
sel, and any resulting prosecutions, have been com-
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pleted or so substantially completed that it would be 
appropriate for the Department of Justice to com-
plete such investigations and prosecutions. 
SEC. 623. INCREASE IN PENALTY FOR CONTEMPT OF CON-
GRESS. 
Section 102 of the Revised Statutes of the United 
States (2 U.S.C. 192) is amended by striking ‘‘deemed’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘twelve months’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not 
more than 2 years, or both’’. 
SEC. 624. AUTHORITY OF UNITED STATES CAPITOL POLICE 
TO ENFORCE CITATIONS. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Section 9B(a) of the Act entitled 
‘‘An Act to define the area of the United States Capitol 
Grounds, to regulate the use thereof, and for other pur-
poses’’, approved July 31, 1946 (2 U.S.C. 1967(a)), is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(4); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (5) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(6) within any area, to enforce a citation 
issued with respect to a violation of section 102 of 
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the Revised Statutes of the United States which re-
lates to the House of Representatives, or any cita-
tion issued with respect to a resolution adopted by 
the House citing a person for contempt of the 
House.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to citations issued 
on or after the expiration of the 90-day period which be-
gins on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 625. COLLECTION OF PENALTIES IMPOSED BY THE 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON PERSONS 
CITED FOR CONTEMPT OF HOUSE. 
(a) CIVIL ACTION.—If the House of Representatives 
adopts a resolution citing a person for contempt of the 
House, the House may commence a civil action to collect 
a monetary penalty from the person if the House by subse-
quent resolution authorizes the commencement of that 
civil action. 
(b) REPRESENTATION BY GENERAL COUNSEL.—Un-
less the House otherwise provides, the Office of the Gen-
eral Counsel of the House of Representatives shall rep-
resent the House in the civil action. 
(c) PERSONAL JURISDICTION.—Personal jurisdiction 
of the court over a defendant in a civil action under this 
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section extends outside the territorial jurisdiction of the 
court if the claim— 
(1) arose out of conduct by the defendant— 
(A) within that territorial jurisdiction; or 
(B) causing any injury, including informa-
tional injury to the right of the House to make 
an investigation, within that territorial jurisdic-
tion; or 
(2) otherwise has a reasonable relationship to 
contacts of the defendant with the territorial juris-
diction. 
(d) EXPEDITION OF TRIAL AND APPELLATE PRO-
CEEDINGS.—The court shall hear and determine a civil ac-
tion under this section as expeditiously as possible, and 
to the maximum extent practicable during the Congress 
in which the action is commenced. Any appellate pro-
ceedings relating to such a civil action shall similarly be 
expedited to assure to the extent possible that the matter 
is fully resolved during the Congress in which the action 
was commenced. 
SEC. 626. NO EFFECT OF EXPIRATION OF CONGRESS ON 
PENDING ACTIONS. 
Any civil action commenced by the House of Rep-
resentatives pursuant to this subtitle, and the authority 
of the Office of the General Counsel of the House of Rep-
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resentatives with respect to the action, shall not be ren-
dered moot or otherwise affected as the result of the expi-
ration of the Congress in which the House commenced the 
action. 
Subtitle 
D—Promoting 
Account-
ability and Security in Transi-
tions 
SEC. 631. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Promoting Ac-
countability and Security in Transitions Act of 2024’’ or 
the ‘‘PAST Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 632. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
The sense of Congress is the following: 
(1) The preservation of Presidential records (as 
defined in section 2201 of title 44, United States 
Code) is a legal obligation for every Presidential ad-
ministration, as Presidential records are the most 
important and widely used source for studying how 
the executive branch of the Federal Government 
works, how it has changed over time, and how it 
might evolve to serve the needs of a new era. 
(2) The preservation of Presidential records is 
therefore vital for— 
(A) the public to be able to understand 
and learn from the past; 
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(B) future policymaking to build on the 
past administration’s successes and experience; 
(C) ensuring accountability for results, 
performance, and conduct; and 
(D) other purposes that serve to strength-
en American democracy. 
(3) Any effort to destroy, alter, or remove Pres-
idential records in violation of chapter 22 of title 44, 
United States Code— 
(A) threatens the values described in para-
graph (2); and 
(B) may subject a person engaging in such 
efforts to other criminal penalties under section 
641 or 2071 of title 18, United States Code. 
(4) The lawful disposal of Presidential records 
that no longer have administrative, historical, infor-
mational, or evidentiary value must follow a process 
as described in section 2203 of title 44, United 
States Code. 
(5) What constitutes a Presidential record is 
determined solely by whether the record relates to 
the ‘‘carrying out of constitutional, statutory, or 
other official or ceremonial duties of the President’’, 
as indicated in the definition of the term ‘‘Presi-
dential records’’ in section 2201 of title 44, United 
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States Code, and by the content of the information 
contained in the record. 
(6) For communication between agencies and 
the Executive Office of the President, the copy of 
the record belonging to the agency is retained as an 
agency record pursuant to section 3301 of title 44, 
United States Code. 
(7) Consistent with section 2203 of title 44, 
United States Code, any Presidential records created 
with non-official electronic media shall be ‘‘pre-
served’’, which includes a comprehensive documenta-
tion of all records and associated metadata and at-
tachments. 
(8) Applications or software with an automatic 
deleting functionality are antithetical to the legal 
and historical obligations described under chapter 22 
of title 44, United States Code. 
(9) Periods of Presidential transition are mo-
ments where the national security of the United 
States is most vulnerable, necessitating an early, 
good faith, and consistent commitment by the out-
going administration to ensure continuity of oper-
ations as it relates to national security and pro-
tecting critical infrastructure, among other reasons. 
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(10) Agencies and the Executive Office of the 
President are required by law to cooperate with the 
Archivist of the United States and the Federal 
Transition Coordinator of the General Service Ad-
ministration, who is tasked with ensuring agencies 
comply with all statutory requirements relating to 
transition planning under section 4(c) of the Presi-
dential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note). 
(11) During a Presidential transition, Presi-
dential records, which contain valuable information 
regarding agreements or negotiations with foreign 
governments and international organizations and the 
actions and beliefs of foreign nations or actors are 
of enormous value to the national security. 
(12) Any effort to delay briefings, coordination, 
and sharing information regarding key national se-
curity relationships, threats, and operations with an 
incoming administration or the destruction, removal, 
or alteration of Presidential records that attest to 
the information described in this section could pose 
a grave danger to the national security. 
(13) An expeditious ascertainment of the plau-
sible President-elect and Vice-President-elect by the 
Administrator of General Services plays a vital role 
in ensuring continuity of Government and protecting 
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national security such that the risk of redundant ex-
penditure is overwhelmed by the advantages of an 
early access to transition resources to allow for tran-
sition planning. 
(14) The National Archives and Records Ad-
ministration plays an essential role in ensuring the 
official proceedings of Government are documented 
to improve democracy in the United States, protect 
national security, provide continuity of Government 
during a transition, and promote accountability for 
actions taking during a Presidency. 
(15) The robust funding of the National Ar-
chives and Records Administration and protection of 
its officers and employees from political interference 
is a national imperative and must be a priority for 
Congress. 
SEC. 633. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 2201 of title 44, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, and in-
cludes the metadata associated with all such mate-
rial’’ before the period; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) The term ‘electronic messaging account’ 
includes electronic mail, chat or instant messaging, 
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100 
text messaging, voicemail messaging, and other mes-
saging platforms or apps, such as social media or 
mobile applications, among other applications. 
‘‘(7) The term ‘official electronic messaging ac-
count’ includes electronic messaging accounts pro-
vided by an executive agency or the Executive Office 
of the President. 
‘‘(8) The term ‘dispose’, with respect to docu-
mentary material, means to remove, deface, alter, 
corrupt, delete, erase, or otherwise destroy the docu-
mentary material.’’. 
SEC. 634. MANAGEMENT AND CUSTODY OF PRESIDENTIAL 
RECORDS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 2203 of title 44, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (e), (f), and 
(g) as subsections (g), (h), and (i), respectively; 
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (e); 
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(c) The President shall obtain the advice of the Ar-
chivist in applying standards, procedures, and techniques 
designed to— 
‘‘(1) improve the management of records; 
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101 
‘‘(2) promote the maintenance and security of 
records determined appropriate for preservation; and 
‘‘(3) facilitate the segregation and disposal of 
records of temporary value. 
‘‘(d)(1) During the President’s term of office, if the 
President wishes to dispose of those Presidential records 
of such President that no longer have administrative, his-
torical, informational, or evidentiary value— 
‘‘(A) the President shall request, in writing, the 
views of the Archivist concerning the proposed dis-
posal of such Presidential records; and 
‘‘(B) the Archivist shall indicate, in writing, 
whether the Archivist intends to take any action 
under subsection (g) of this section with respect to 
the Presidential records. 
‘‘(2) Not later than 5 business days after the date 
on which the Archivist provides a written indication under 
paragraph (1)(B), the Archivist shall make publicly avail-
able on a website any communications received or sent by 
the Archivist regarding the potential disposal of Presi-
dential records under paragraph (1).’’; 
(4) in subsection (e), as so redesignated— 
(A) by striking ‘‘subsection (c)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (d)’’; and 
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102 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection (e)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (g)’’; and 
(5) by inserting after subsection (e), as so re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(f) In January of each even-numbered year, the Ar-
chivist shall, in coordination with the Office of Administra-
tion of the Executive Office of the President, submit to 
the Chairman and Ranking Member of each committee of 
jurisdiction of either House of Congress, of the Committee 
on Appropriations of the Senate, and of the Committee 
on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and to 
the President a report that— 
‘‘(1) is based on inspections conducted by the 
Archivist, in coordination with the Office of Admin-
istration of the Executive Office of the President, of 
the Presidential records management programs of 
the Executive Office of the President; and 
‘‘(2) evaluates— 
‘‘(A) the records management activities 
and training conducted and standard operating 
procedures and guidance issued pursuant to 
this section; and 
‘‘(B) responses to any recommendations 
resulting from inspections or studies conducted 
under this section.’’. 
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103 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) Section 2105(a)(2) of title 44, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘paragraph 
(f)(2)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (i)(2)’’. 
(2) Chapter 22 of title 44, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(A) in section 2204(b)(2)(A), by striking 
‘‘section 
2203(d)(1)’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘2203(i)(1)’’; and 
(B) in section 2206(1), by striking ‘‘sec-
tion 
2203(f)(3)’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘section 
2203(i)(4)’’. 
SEC. 635. RESTRICTIONS ON ACCESS TO PRESIDENTIAL 
RECORDS. 
Section 2204 of title 44, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘shall not 
be subject to judicial review, except as provided’’ and 
inserting ‘‘shall be subject to judicial review, includ-
ing as provided’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘The United 
States’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
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104 
‘‘(2)(A) A person seeking access to a Presidential 
record to which access is restricted under subsection (a) 
may file an action in the United States District Court for 
the District of Columbia seeking release of the Presi-
dential record. 
‘‘(B) In an action filed under subparagraph (A), the 
court shall direct the release of a Presidential record, or 
a reasonably segregable portion thereof, if the court deter-
mines that the Presidential record, or the reasonably seg-
regable portion thereof, is not within any of the categories 
specified in subsection (a) and there is not a valid claim 
of constitutionally based privilege against disclosure.’’. 
SEC. 636. EXCEPTIONS TO RESTRICTED ACCESS. 
Section 2205(2)(C) of title 44, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘to any committee or sub-
committee thereof’’ and inserting ‘‘upon request by 
the Chairman or Ranking Member of a committee or 
subcommittee thereof, to such Chairman or ranking 
member,’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘its business’’ and inserting 
‘‘the business of the committee or subcommittee’’. 
SEC. 637. REGULATIONS. 
Section 2206 of title 44, United States Code, is 
amended— 
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105 
(1) by inserting ‘‘(a)’’ before ‘‘The Archivist’’; 
(2) in subsection (a), as so designated— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking the pe-
riod and inserting a semicolon; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) provisions— 
‘‘(A) for what constitutes official and non- 
official electronic messaging accounts; and 
‘‘(B) establishing procedures for docu-
menting— 
‘‘(i) Presidential records created on 
non-official electronic messaging accounts 
(including emerging technologies, applica-
tions, and platforms); and 
‘‘(ii) required metadata; 
‘‘(6) provisions for the preservation of digital 
media, including from social media accounts, that 
may appear to be personal records or private prop-
erty but the preservation of which may be required 
under this chapter; and 
‘‘(7) 
provisions 
for 
the 
appropriate 
cir-
cumstances and controls for the use of messaging 
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applications and software with automatic deleting or 
other similar functionalities.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b) The Archivist shall issue, and shall annually up-
date, implementation guidance with respect to the regula-
tions described in paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection 
(a).’’. 
SEC. 638. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT FOR OFFICIAL BUSI-
NESS 
CONDUCTED 
USING 
NON-OFFICIAL 
ELECTRONIC MESSAGING ACCOUNTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 2209(a) of title 44, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘create or send’’ and inserting ‘‘create, 
send, or receive’’; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and adjust-
ing the margin accordingly; and 
(3) by striking ‘‘The President,’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) LIMITATIONS.—Not later than 90 days 
after assuming office, the President shall publicly re-
lease guidelines for officers and employees of the Ex-
ecutive Office of the President who create or receive 
documentary material that— 
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‘‘(A) prohibit the use of non-official elec-
tronic messaging accounts that cannot be easily 
copied or forwarded to an official electronic 
messaging account for official business; and 
‘‘(B) prohibit the use of messaging ac-
counts or software with automatic deleting or 
other similar functionalities. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
USE.—The Presi-
dent,’’. 
SEC. 639. PRESIDENTIAL TRANSITION ACT OF 1963. 
The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 
102 note) is amended— 
(1) in section 3— 
(A) in subsection (a)(8)(A), by striking 
clause (v) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(v)(I)(aa) Activities under this paragraph shall in-
clude the preparation of a detailed classified, compart-
mented summary by the relevant outgoing executive 
branch officials of— 
‘‘(AA) specific strategic, tactical, and oper-
ational threats to national security; 
‘‘(BB) major military or covert operations; and 
‘‘(CC) pending decisions on possible uses of 
military force or covert actions. 
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‘‘(bb) The summary prepared under item (aa) 
shall be provided to the President-elect and members 
of office staff with appropriate clearances that are 
designated by the President-elect as soon as possible 
after the date of the general elections held to deter-
mine the electors of President and Vice President 
under section 1 or 2 of title 3, United States Code. 
‘‘(II) The Archivist of the United States shall collabo-
rate with the Federal Transition Coordinator and agen-
cies, including the Executive Office of the President, to 
ensure that the President-elect and members of office staff 
with appropriate clearances that are designated by the 
President-elect can easily access national security informa-
tion (including documents, videos, audio, and briefings) 
created by the previous administration after the inaugura-
tion of the President-elect. 
‘‘(III) The Archivist of the United States shall submit 
to the Chairman and Ranking Member of each committee 
of jurisdiction of either House of Congress, of the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the Senate, and of the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
a report if the Archivist of the United States believes there 
appears to be noncompliance with the requirements under 
this clause.’’; and 
(B) in subsection (c)— 
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(i) by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
paragraph (4); and 
(ii) by inserting after paragraph (2) 
the following: 
‘‘(3)(A) Not later than 6 days after the date of a gen-
eral election described in paragraph (1), the Administrator 
shall make the ascertainment described in paragraph (1) 
without any interference or undue pressure from the 
President or a candidate for President, or any representa-
tive thereof, based on provisional results from State elec-
tion officials and expert analysis of results. 
‘‘(B) Given the imperatives of an orderly transition, 
if there is a plausible chance that the apparent successful 
candidate for the office of President and Vice President, 
respectively, are not the incumbent, or if the incumbent 
was not a candidate, the Administrator shall provide a 
portion of the services and facilities authorized to be pro-
vided under this section to all parties with a plausible 
chance of being the successful candidate.’’; and 
(2) in section 4— 
(A) in subsection (d)— 
(i) in paragraph (2)— 
(I) in subparagraph (B), by 
striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
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(II) in subparagraph (C), by 
striking the period at the end and in-
serting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(III) by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(D) under the guidance of the Archivist 
of the United States, monitor compliance with 
chapter 22 of title 44, United States Code, in-
cluding the preservation of all records and pre-
vention of any records from being disposed un-
less done in accordance with such chapter.’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (3)— 
(I) by redesignating subpara-
graphs (C) and (D) as subparagraphs 
(D) and (E), respectively; and 
(II) by inserting after subpara-
graph (B) the following: 
‘‘(C) the Archivist of the United States;’’; 
and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(5) ROLE OF THE ARCHIVIST.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 
days before the date of a Presidential election, 
the Archivist of the United States shall send a 
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written communication to all officers and em-
ployees of the Executive Office of the President 
who create or receive documentary material (as 
defined under section 2201 of title 44, United 
States Code)— 
‘‘(i) describing the requirements under 
chapter 22 of title 44, United States Code; 
and 
‘‘(ii) establishing a timeline for co-
operation with the Archivist of the United 
States to ensure an orderly and timely 
transition of records subject to such chap-
ter if there is a Presidential transition. 
‘‘(B) REPORTING.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of a Presidential elec-
tion which results in a Presidential transi-
tion, the Archivist of the United States, in 
coordination with the Federal Transition 
Coordinator, shall submit to the Chairman 
and Ranking Member of each committee of 
jurisdiction of either House of Congress, of 
the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate, and of the Committee on Appro-
priations of the House of Representatives a 
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report discussing the status of the transi-
tion activities of the White House Transi-
tion Coordinating Council and identifying 
concerns, if any, regarding compliance with 
chapter 22 of title 44, United States Code. 
‘‘(ii) NONCOMPLIANCE.—The Archi-
vist of the United States shall submit to 
the Chairman and Ranking Member of 
each committee of jurisdiction of either 
House of Congress, of the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate, and of the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives a report if the Archivist 
of the United States believes there appears 
to be noncompliance with the requirements 
or timeline described in subparagraph 
(A).’’; 
(B) in subsection (e)(2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; 
and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(F) under the guidance of the Archivist of 
the United States, monitor compliance with 
chapter 22 of title 44, United States Code, in-
cluding the preservation of all records and pre-
vention of any records from being disposed un-
less done in accordance with such chapter.’’; 
(C) by redesignating subsection (i) as sub-
section (j); and 
(D) by inserting after subsection (h) the 
following: 
‘‘(i) ROLE OF THE ARCHIVIST.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
before the date of a Presidential election, the Archi-
vist of the United States shall send a written com-
munication to the head of each agency— 
‘‘(A) describing the requirements under 
chapter 33 of title 44, United States Code; and 
‘‘(B) establishing a timeline for coopera-
tion with the Archivist of the United States to 
ensure an orderly and timely transition of 
records subject to such chapter if there is a 
Presidential transition. 
‘‘(2) REPORTING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of a Presidential election 
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which results in a Presidential transition, the 
Archivist of the United States, in coordination 
with the Federal Transition Coordinator, shall 
submit to the Chairman and Ranking Member 
of each committee of jurisdiction of either 
House of Congress, of the Committee on Appro-
priations of the Senate, and of the Committee 
on Appropriations of the House of Representa-
tives a report discussing the status of the tran-
sition activities of agencies and identifying con-
cerns, if any, regarding compliance with chapter 
33 of title 44, United States Code. 
‘‘(B) NONCOMPLIANCE.—The Archivist of 
the United States shall submit to the Chairman 
and Ranking Member of each committee of ju-
risdiction of either House of Congress, of the 
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, 
and of the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives a report if the Archi-
vist of the United States believes there appears 
to be noncompliance with the requirements or 
timeline described in paragraph (1).’’. 
SEC. 640. FORMER PRESIDENTS. 
The Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide retirement, cler-
ical assistants, and free mailing privileges to former Presi-
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dents of the United States, and for other purposes’’, ap-
proved August 25, 1958 (commonly known as the 
‘‘Former Presidents Act of 1958’’) (3 U.S.C. 102 note), 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) If the Archivist of the United States determines 
that a former President did not comply with major re-
quirements under chapter 22 of title 44, United States 
Code, or the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 
102 note), the monetary amounts described in subsections 
(a) and (b) shall be withheld until the later of— 
‘‘(1) 1 year after the date on which the Archi-
vist makes that determination; or 
‘‘(2) the date on which the Archivist determines 
the former President has adequately complied with 
the requirements.’’. 
SEC. 641. PRESIDENTIAL ARCHIVAL DEPOSITORY. 
Section 2112 of title 44, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘When the Archivist’’ and 
inserting ‘‘(1) Subject to paragraph (2), when 
the Archivist’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) The Archivist may not deposit papers, doc-
uments, or other historical materials accepted under 
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section 2111 of this title or other Federal records 
appropriate for preservation in a Presidential archi-
val depository relating to a former President under 
paragraph (1) until after the date on which the Ar-
chivist determines that the former President has 
adequately complied with the requirements under 
chapter 22 relating to Presidential records (as de-
fined in section 2201).’’; 
(2) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(6)(A) Notwithstanding paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) 
(to the extent that such paragraphs are inconsistent with 
this paragraph), this subsection shall be administered in 
accordance with this paragraph with respect to any Presi-
dential archival depository created as a depository for the 
papers, documents, and other historical materials and 
Presidential records pertaining to any President who takes 
any action, including destruction, alteration, concealment, 
or removal, that threatens or damages the integrity and 
statutory preservation requirements under chapter 22 for 
Presidential records (as defined in section 2201). 
‘‘(B) For purposes of subparagraphs (A)(ii), 
(B)(i)(II), and (B)(ii)(II) of paragraph (3) the percentage 
of 100 percent shall apply instead of 60 or 20 percent.’’; 
and 
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