(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘United States’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘, ex-
cluding the number of requests for subscriber 
information’’; 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para-
graph (3); and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) CONTENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), each report required under 
this subsection shall include a good faith esti-
mate of the total number of requests described 
in paragraph (1) requiring disclosure of infor-
mation concerning— 
‘‘(i) United States persons; and 
‘‘(ii) persons who are not United 
States persons. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—With respect to the 
number of requests for subscriber information 
under section 2709 of title 18, United States 
Code, a report required under this subsection 
need not separate the number of requests into
each of the categories described in subpara-
graph (A).’’. 
(d) STORED COMMUNICATIONS.—Section 2702(d) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 
inserting a semicolon; 
(2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking the period 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(3) the number of accounts from which the 
Department of Justice has received voluntary disclo-
sures under subsection (c)(4).’’. 
SEC. 603. PUBLIC REPORTING BY PERSONS SUBJECT TO 
FISA ORDERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title VI (50 U.S.C. 1871 et seq.), 
as amended by sections 402 and 602 of this Act, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 604. PUBLIC REPORTING BY PERSONS SUBJECT TO 
ORDERS. 
‘‘(a) REPORTING.—A person subject to a nondisclo-
sure requirement accompanying an order or directive 
under this Act or a national security letter may, with re-
spect to such order, directive, or national security letter,
publicly report the following information using one of the 
following structures: 
‘‘(1) A semiannual report that aggregates the 
number of orders, directives, or national security let-
ters with which the person was required to comply 
into separate categories of— 
‘‘(A) the number of national security let-
ters received, reported in bands of 1000 start-
ing with 0–999; 
‘‘(B) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted by national security letters, reported in 
bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; 
‘‘(C) the number of orders or directives re-
ceived, combined, under this Act for contents, 
reported in bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; 
‘‘(D) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted under orders or directives received, com-
bined, under this Act for contents reported in 
bands of 1000 starting with 0–999; 
‘‘(E) the number of orders received under 
this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 
1000 starting with 0–999; and 
‘‘(F) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted under orders under this Act for noncon-
tents, reported in bands of 1000 starting with 
0–999, pursuant to— 
‘‘(i) title IV; 
‘‘(ii) title V with respect to applica-
tions described in section 501(b)(2)(B); 
and 
‘‘(iii) title V with respect to applica-
tions described in section 501(b)(2)(C). 
‘‘(2) A semiannual report that aggregates the 
number of orders, directives, or national security let-
ters with which the person was required to comply 
into separate categories of— 
‘‘(A) the number of national security let-
ters received, reported in bands of 500 starting 
with 0–499; 
‘‘(B) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted by national security letters, reported in 
bands of 500 starting with 0–499; 
‘‘(C) the number of orders or directives re-
ceived, combined, under this Act for contents, 
reported in bands of 500 starting with 0–499; 
‘‘(D) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted under orders or directives received, com-
bined, under this Act for contents, reported in 
bands of 500 starting with 0–499;
‘‘(E) the number of orders received under 
this Act for noncontents, reported in bands of 
500 starting with 0–499; and 
‘‘(F) the number of customer selectors tar-
geted under orders received under this Act for 
noncontents, reported in bands of 500 starting 
with 0–499. 
‘‘(3) A semiannual report that aggregates the 
number of orders, directives, or national security let-
ters with which the person was required to comply 
in the into separate categories of— 
‘‘(A) the total number of all national secu-
rity process received, including all national se-
curity letters, and orders or directives under 
this Act, combined, reported in bands of 250 
starting with 0–249; and 
‘‘(B) the total number of customer selec-
tors targeted under all national security process 
received, including all national security letters, 
and orders or directives under this Act, com-
bined, reported in bands of 250 starting with 
0–249. 
‘‘(4) An annual report that aggregates the 
number of orders, directives, and national security
letters the person was required to comply with into 
separate categories of— 
‘‘(A) the total number of all national secu-
rity process received, including all national se-
curity letters, and orders or directives under 
this Act, combined, reported in bands of 100 
starting with 0–99; and 
‘‘(B) the total number of customer selec-
tors targeted under all national security process 
received, including all national security letters, 
and orders or directives under this Act, com-
bined, reported in bands of 100 starting with 
0–99. 
‘‘(b) PERIOD OF TIME COVERED BY REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) A report described in paragraph (1) or (2) 
of subsection (a) shall include only information— 
‘‘(A) relating to national security letters 
for the previous 180 days; and 
‘‘(B) relating to authorities under this Act 
for the 180-day period of time ending on the 
date that is not less than 180 days prior to the 
date of the publication of such report, except 
that with respect to a platform, product, or 
service for which a person did not previously re-
ceive an order or directive (not including an en-
hancement to or iteration of an existing publicly 
available platform, product, or service) such re-
port shall not include any information relating 
to such new order or directive until 540 days 
after the date on which such new order or di-
rective is received. 
‘‘(2) A report described in paragraph (3) of 
subsection (a) shall include only information relating 
to the previous 180 days. 
‘‘(3) A report described in paragraph (4) of 
subsection (a) shall include only information for the 
1-year period of time ending on the date that is not 
less than 1 year prior to the date of the publication 
of such report. 
‘‘(c) OTHER FORMS OF AGREED TO PUBLICATION.— 
Nothing in this section prohibits the Government and any 
person from jointly agreeing to the publication of informa-
tion referred to in this subsection in a time, form, or man-
ner other than as described in this section. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) CONTENTS.—The term ‘contents’ has the 
meaning given that term under section 2510 of title 
18, United States Code.
‘‘(2) NATIONAL SECURITY LETTER.—The term 
‘national security letter’ has the meaning given that 
term under section 603.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The table 
of contents, as amended by sections 402 and 602 of this 
Act, is further amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to section 603, as added by section 602 of this Act, 
the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 604. Public reporting by persons subject to orders.’’. 
SEC. 604. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR DECISIONS, OR-
DERS, AND OPINIONS OF THE FOREIGN IN-
TELLIGENCE 
SURVEILLANCE 
COURT 
AND 
THE 
FOREIGN 
INTELLIGENCE 
SURVEIL-
LANCE COURT OF REVIEW. 
Section 601(c)(1) (50 U.S.C. 1871(c)(1)) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) not later than 45 days after the date on 
which the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court or 
the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Re-
view issues a decision, order, or opinion, including 
any denial or modification of an application under 
this Act, that includes significant construction or in-
terpretation of any provision of law or results in a 
change of application of any provision of this Act or 
a novel application of any provision of this Act, a 
copy of such decision, order, or opinion and any
pleadings, applications, or memoranda of law associ-
ated with such decision, order, or opinion; and’’. 
SEC. 605. SUBMISSION OF REPORTS UNDER FISA. 
(a) ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.—Section 108(a)(1) 
(50 U.S.C. 1808(a)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘the 
House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and 
the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate,’’ and inserting 
‘‘the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate’’. 
(b) PHYSICAL SEARCHES.—The matter preceding 
paragraph (1) of section 306 (50 U.S.C. 1826) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House 
of Representatives and the Select Committee on In-
telligence of the Senate, and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate,’’ and inserting ‘‘Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate’’; and
(2) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-
resentatives’’. 
(c) PEN REGISTERS AND TRAP AND TRACE DE-
VICES.—Section 406(b) (50 U.S.C. 1846(b)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 
inserting a semicolon; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and 
inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(4) each department or agency on behalf of 
which the Attorney General or a designated attorney 
for the Government has made an application for an 
order authorizing or approving the installation and 
use of a pen register or trap and trace device under 
this title; and 
‘‘(5) for each department or agency described in 
paragraph (4), each number described in paragraphs 
(1), (2), and (3).’’. 
(d) ACCESS TO CERTAIN BUSINESS RECORDS AND 
OTHER TANGIBLE THINGS.—Section 502(a) (50 U.S.C. 
1862(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and
the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the Senate’’ and inserting ‘‘Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on 
the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Se-
lect Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate’’. 
TITLE 
VII—ENHANCED 
NA-
TIONAL 
SECURITY 
PROVI-
SIONS 
SEC. 701. EMERGENCIES INVOLVING NON-UNITED STATES 
PERSONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 105 (50 U.S.C. 1805) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), 
and (i) as subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j), respec-
tively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(f)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
Act, the lawfully authorized targeting of a non-United 
States person previously believed to be located outside the 
United States for the acquisition of foreign intelligence in-
formation may continue for a period not to exceed 72 
hours from the time that the non-United States person 
is reasonably believed to be located inside the United
‘‘(C) The Attorney General provides direction 
that the acquisition be terminated. 
‘‘(D) The head of the element of the intel-
ligence community conducting the acquisition deter-
mines that a request under paragraph (1)(C) is not 
warranted. 
‘‘(E) When the threat of death or serious bodily 
harm to any person is no longer reasonably believed 
to exist. 
‘‘(3) Nonpublicly available information concerning 
unconsenting United States persons acquired under this 
subsection shall not be disseminated during the 72 hour 
time period under paragraph (1) unless necessary to inves-
tigate, reduce, or eliminate the threat of death or serious 
bodily harm to any person. 
‘‘(4) If the Attorney General declines to authorize the 
employment of emergency electronic surveillance under 
subsection (e) or the employment of an emergency physical 
search pursuant to section 304(e), or a court order is not 
obtained under this title or title III of this Act, informa-
tion obtained during the 72 hour acquisition time period 
under paragraph (1) shall not be retained, except with the 
approval of the Attorney General if the information indi-
cates a threat of death or serious bodily harm to any per-
son.
‘‘(5) Paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (e) shall 
apply to this subsection.’’. 
(b) NOTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT OF 
ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.—Section 106(j) (50 U.S.C. 
1806(j)) is amended by striking ‘‘section 105(e)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (e) or (f) of section 105’’. 
(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Section 108(a)(2) (50 
U.S.C. 1808(a)(2)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(D) the total number of authorizations 
under section 105(f) and the total number of 
subsequent emergency employments of elec-
tronic surveillance under section 105(e) or 
emergency physical searches pursuant to section 
301(e).’’. 
SEC. 702. PRESERVATION OF TREATMENT OF NON-UNITED 
STATES PERSONS TRAVELING OUTSIDE THE 
UNITED STATES AS AGENTS OF FOREIGN 
POWERS. 
Section 101(b)(1) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting before the 
semicolon at the end the following: ‘‘, irrespective of 
whether the person is inside the United States’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (B)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘of such person’s presence 
in the United States’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘such activities in the 
United States’’ and inserting ‘‘such activities’’. 
SEC. 703. IMPROVEMENT TO INVESTIGATIONS OF INTER-
NATIONAL PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF 
MASS DESTRUCTION. 
Section 101(b)(1) is further amended by striking sub-
paragraph (E) and inserting the following new subpara-
graph (E): 
‘‘(E) engages in the international prolifera-
tion of weapons of mass destruction, or activi-
ties in preparation therefor, for or on behalf of 
a foreign power, or knowingly aids or abets any 
person in the conduct of such proliferation or 
activities in preparation therefor, or knowingly 
conspires with any person to engage in such 
proliferation or activities in preparation there-
for; or’’.
SEC. 704. INCREASE IN PENALTIES FOR MATERIAL SUP-
PORT OF FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZA-
TIONS. 
Section 2339B(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ‘‘15 years’’ and inserting ‘‘20 
years’’. 
SEC. 705. SUNSETS. 
(a) USA PATRIOT IMPROVEMENT AND REAUTHOR-
IZATION ACT OF 2005.—Section 102(b)(1) of the USA 
PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 
(50 U.S.C. 1805 note) is amended by striking ‘‘June 1, 
2015’’ and inserting ‘‘December 15, 2019’’. 
(b) INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PRE-
VENTION ACT OF 2004.—Section 6001(b)(1) of the Intel-
ligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (50 
U.S.C. 1801 note) is amended by striking ‘‘June 1, 2015’’ 
and inserting ‘‘December 15, 2019’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 102(b)(1) 
of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization 
Act of 2005 (50 U.S.C. 1805 note), as amended by sub-
section (a), is further amended by striking ‘‘sections 501, 
502, and’’ and inserting ‘‘title V and section’’.
TITLE VIII—SAFETY OF MARI-
TIME NAVIGATION AND NU-
CLEAR TERRORISM CONVEN-
TIONS IMPLEMENTATION 
Subtitle A—Safety of Maritime 
Navigation 
SEC. 801. AMENDMENT TO SECTION 2280 OF TITLE 18, 
UNITED STATES CODE. 
Section 2280 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking ‘‘a 
ship flying the flag of the United States’’ and 
inserting ‘‘a vessel of the United States or a 
vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States (as defined in section 70502 of title 
46)’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)(A)(ii), by inserting ‘‘, 
including the territorial seas’’ after ‘‘in the 
United States’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), by inserting 
‘‘, by a United States corporation or legal enti-
ty,’’ after ‘‘by a national of the United States’’; 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘section 2(c)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘section 13(c)’’;
production, of types and in quantities that have 
no justification for prophylactic, protective, or 
other peaceful purposes; or 
‘‘(B) weapons, equipment, or means of de-
livery designed to use such agents or toxins for 
hostile purposes or in armed conflict; 
‘‘(4) ‘chemical weapon’ means, together or sepa-
rately— 
‘‘(A) toxic chemicals and their precursors, 
except where intended for— 
‘‘(i) industrial, agricultural, research, 
medical, pharmaceutical, or other peaceful 
purposes; 
‘‘(ii) protective purposes, namely those 
purposes directly related to protection 
against toxic chemicals and to protection 
against chemical weapons; 
‘‘(iii) military purposes not connected 
with the use of chemical weapons and not 
dependent on the use of the toxic prop-
erties of chemicals as a method of warfare; 
or 
‘‘(iv) law enforcement including do-
mestic riot control purposes,
as long as the types and quantities are con-
sistent with such purposes; 
‘‘(B) munitions and devices, specifically de-
signed to cause death or other harm through 
the toxic properties of those toxic chemicals 
specified in subparagraph (A), which would be 
released as a result of the employment of such 
munitions and devices; and 
‘‘(C) any equipment specifically designed 
for use directly in connection with the employ-
ment of munitions and devices specified in sub-
paragraph (B); 
‘‘(5) ‘covered ship’ means a ship that is navi-
gating or is scheduled to navigate into, through or 
from waters beyond the outer limit of the territorial 
sea of a single country or a lateral limit of that 
country’s territorial sea with an adjacent country; 
‘‘(6) ‘explosive material’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 841(c) and includes explosive as 
defined in section 844(j) of this title; 
‘‘(7) ‘infrastructure facility’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 2332f(e)(5) of this title; 
‘‘(8) ‘international organization’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 831(f)(3) of this title;
‘‘(9) ‘military forces of a state’ means the 
armed forces of a state which are organized, trained, 
and equipped under its internal law for the primary 
purpose of national defense or security, and persons 
acting in support of those armed forces who are 
under their formal command, control, and responsi-
bility; 
‘‘(10) ‘national of the United States’ has the 
meaning stated in section 101(a)(22) of the Immi-
gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)); 
‘‘(11) ‘Non-Proliferation Treaty’ means the 
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weap-
ons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow on 
1 July 1968; 
‘‘(12) ‘Non-Proliferation Treaty State Party’ 
means any State Party to the Non-Proliferation 
Treaty, to include Taiwan, which shall be considered 
to have the obligations under the Non-Proliferation 
Treaty of a party to that treaty other than a Nu-
clear Weapon State Party to the Non-Proliferation 
Treaty; 
‘‘(13) ‘Nuclear Weapon State Party to the Non- 
Proliferation Treaty’ means a State Party to the 
Non-Proliferation Treaty that is a nuclear-weapon
State, as that term is defined in Article IX(3) of the 
Non-Proliferation Treaty; 
‘‘(14) ‘place of public use’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 2332f(e)(6) of this title; 
‘‘(15) ‘precursor’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 229F(6)(A) of this title; 
‘‘(16) ‘public transport system’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 2332f(e)(7) of this title; 
‘‘(17) ‘serious injury or damage’ means— 
‘‘(A) serious bodily injury, 
‘‘(B) extensive destruction of a place of 
public use, State or government facility, infra-
structure facility, or public transportation sys-
tem, resulting in major economic loss, or 
‘‘(C) substantial damage to the environ-
ment, including air, soil, water, fauna, or flora; 
‘‘(18) ‘ship’ means a vessel of any type whatso-
ever not permanently attached to the sea-bed, in-
cluding dynamically supported craft, submersibles, 
or any other floating craft, but does not include a 
warship, a ship owned or operated by a government 
when being used as a naval auxiliary or for customs 
or police purposes, or a ship which has been with-
drawn from navigation or laid up;
‘‘(19) ‘source material’ has the meaning given 
that term in the International Atomic Energy Agen-
cy Statute, done at New York on 26 October 1956; 
‘‘(20) ‘special fissionable material’ has the 
meaning given that term in the International Atomic 
Energy Agency Statute, done at New York on 26 
October 1956; 
‘‘(21) ‘territorial sea of the United States’ 
means all waters extending seaward to 12 nautical 
miles from the baselines of the United States deter-
mined in accordance with international law; 
‘‘(22) ‘toxic chemical’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 229F(8)(A) of this title; 
‘‘(23) ‘transport’ means to initiate, arrange or 
exercise effective control, including decisionmaking 
authority, over the movement of a person or item; 
and 
‘‘(24) ‘United States’, when used in a geo-
graphical sense, includes the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands, and all territories and possessions 
of the United States.’’; and 
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) (as added 
by paragraph (4) of this section) the following: 
‘‘(e) EXCEPTIONS.—This section shall not apply to—
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties. 
‘‘(f) DELIVERY
OF SUSPECTED OFFENDER.—The 
master of a covered ship flying the flag of the United 
States who has reasonable grounds to believe that there 
is on board that ship any person who has committed an 
offense under section 2280 or section 2280a may deliver 
such person to the authorities of a country that is a party 
to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts 
against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. Before deliv-
ering such person to the authorities of another country, 
the master shall notify in an appropriate manner the At-
torney General of the United States of the alleged offense 
and await instructions from the Attorney General as to 
what action to take. When delivering the person to a coun-
try which is a state party to the Convention, the master 
shall, whenever practicable, and if possible before entering 
the territorial sea of such country, notify the authorities 
of such country of the master’s intention to deliver such 
person and the reasons therefor. If the master delivers 
such person, the master shall furnish to the authorities
of such country the evidence in the master’s possession 
that pertains to the alleged offense. 
‘‘(g)(1) CIVIL FORFEITURE.—Any real or personal 
property used or intended to be used to commit or to fa-
cilitate the commission of a violation of this section, the 
gross proceeds of such violation, and any real or personal 
property traceable to such property or proceeds, shall be 
subject to forfeiture. 
‘‘(2) APPLICABLE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and for-
feitures under this section shall be governed by the provi-
sions of chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code, relat-
ing to civil forfeitures, except that such duties as are im-
posed upon the Secretary of the Treasury under the cus-
toms laws described in section 981(d) shall be performed 
by such officers, agents, and other persons as may be des-
ignated for that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the Attorney General, or the Secretary of De-
fense.’’. 
SEC. 802. NEW SECTION 2280A OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES 
CODE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after section 2280 the 
following new section:
‘‘§ 2280a. Violence against maritime navigation and 
maritime transport involving weapons of 
mass destruction 
‘‘(a) OFFENSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the exceptions in 
subsection (c), a person who unlawfully and inten-
tionally— 
‘‘(A) when the purpose of the act, by its 
nature or context, is to intimidate a population, 
or to compel a government or an international 
organization to do or to abstain from doing any 
act— 
‘‘(i) uses against or on a ship or dis-
charges from a ship any explosive or radio-
active material, biological, chemical, or nu-
clear weapon or other nuclear explosive de-
vice in a manner that causes or is likely to 
cause death to any person or serious injury 
or damage; 
‘‘(ii) discharges from a ship oil, lique-
fied natural gas, or another hazardous or 
noxious substance that is not covered by 
clause (i), in such quantity or concentra-
tion that causes or is likely to cause death 
to any person or serious injury or damage; 
or
100 
‘‘(iii) uses a ship in a manner that 
causes death to any person or serious in-
jury or damage; 
‘‘(B) transports on board a ship— 
‘‘(i) any explosive or radioactive mate-
rial, knowing that it is intended to be used 
to cause, or in a threat to cause, death to 
any person or serious injury or damage for 
the purpose of intimidating a population, 
or compelling a government or an inter-
national organization to do or to abstain 
from doing any act; 
‘‘(ii) any biological, chemical, or nu-
clear weapon or other nuclear explosive de-
vice, knowing it to be a biological, chem-
ical, or nuclear weapon or other nuclear 
explosive device; 
‘‘(iii) any source material, special fis-
sionable material, or equipment or material 
especially designed or prepared for the 
processing, use, or production of special 
fissionable material, knowing that it is in-
tended to be used in a nuclear explosive ac-
tivity or in any other nuclear activity not 
under safeguards pursuant to an Inter-
101 
national Atomic Energy Agency com-
prehensive safeguards agreement, except 
where— 
‘‘(I) such item is transported to 
or from the territory of, or otherwise 
under the control of, a Non-Prolifera-
tion Treaty State Party; and 
‘‘(II) the resulting transfer or re-
ceipt (including internal to a country) 
is not contrary to the obligations 
under the Non-Proliferation Treaty of 
the Non-Proliferation Treaty State 
Party from which, to the territory of 
which, or otherwise under the control 
of which such item is transferred; 
‘‘(iv) any equipment, materials, or 
software or related technology that signifi-
cantly contributes to the design or manu-
facture of a nuclear weapon or other nu-
clear explosive device, with the intention 
that it will be used for such purpose, ex-
cept where— 
‘‘(I) the country to the territory 
of which or under the control of which 
such item is transferred is a Nuclear
102 
Weapon State Party to the Non-Pro-
liferation Treaty; and 
‘‘(II) the resulting transfer or re-
ceipt (including internal to a country) 
is not contrary to the obligations 
under the Non-Proliferation Treaty of 
a 
Non-Proliferation 
Treaty 
State 
Party from which, to the territory of 
which, or otherwise under the control 
of which such item is transferred; 
‘‘(v) any equipment, materials, or 
software or related technology that signifi-
cantly contributes to the delivery of a nu-
clear weapon or other nuclear explosive de-
vice, with the intention that it will be used 
for such purpose, except where— 
‘‘(I) such item is transported to 
or from the territory of, or otherwise 
under the control of, a Non-Prolifera-
tion Treaty State Party; and 
‘‘(II) such item is intended for 
the delivery system of a nuclear weap-
on or other nuclear explosive device of 
a Nuclear Weapon State Party to the 
Non-Proliferation Treaty; or
103 
‘‘(vi) any equipment, materials, or 
software or related technology that signifi-
cantly contributes to the design, manufac-
ture, or delivery of a biological or chemical 
weapon, with the intention that it will be 
used for such purpose; 
‘‘(C) transports another person on board a 
ship knowing that the person has committed an 
act that constitutes an offense under section 
2280 or subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E) of 
this section or an offense set forth in an appli-
cable treaty, as specified in section 2280(d)(1), 
and intending to assist that person to evade 
criminal prosecution; 
‘‘(D) injures or kills any person in connec-
tion with the commission or the attempted com-
mission of any of the offenses set forth in sub-
paragraphs (A) through (C), or subsection 
(a)(2), to the extent that the subsection (a)(2) 
offense pertains to subparagraph (A); or 
‘‘(E) attempts to do any act prohibited 
under subparagraph (A), (B) or (D), or con-
spires to do any act prohibited by subpara-
graphs (A) through (E) or subsection (a)(2),
104 
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more 
than 20 years, or both; and if the death of any per-
son results from conduct prohibited by this para-
graph, shall be imprisoned for any term of years or 
for life. 
‘‘(2) THREATS.—A person who threatens, with 
apparent determination and will to carry the threat 
into execution, to do any act prohibited under para-
graph (1)(A) shall be fined under this title, impris-
oned not more than 5 years, or both. 
‘‘(b) JURISDICTION.—There is jurisdiction over the 
activity prohibited in subsection (a)— 
‘‘(1) in the case of a covered ship, if— 
‘‘(A) such activity is committed— 
‘‘(i) against or on board a vessel of 
the United States or a vessel subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States (as de-
fined in section 70502 of title 46) at the 
time the prohibited activity is committed; 
‘‘(ii) in the United States, including 
the territorial seas; or 
‘‘(iii) by a national of the United 
States, by a United States corporation or 
legal entity, or by a stateless person whose 
habitual residence is in the United States;
105 
‘‘(B) during the commission of such activ-
ity, a national of the United States is seized, 
threatened, injured, or killed; or 
‘‘(C) the offender is later found in the 
United States after such activity is committed; 
‘‘(2) in the case of a ship navigating or sched-
uled to navigate solely within the territorial sea or 
internal waters of a country other than the United 
States, if the offender is later found in the United 
States after such activity is committed; or 
‘‘(3) in the case of any vessel, if such activity 
is committed in an attempt to compel the United 
States to do or abstain from doing any act. 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTIONS.—This section shall not apply to— 
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties. 
‘‘(d)(1) CIVIL FORFEITURE.—Any real or personal 
property used or intended to be used to commit or to fa-
cilitate the commission of a violation of this section, the 
gross proceeds of such violation, and any real or personal 
property traceable to such property or proceeds, shall be 
subject to forfeiture.
106 
‘‘(2) APPLICABLE PROCEDURES.—Seizures and for-
feitures under this section shall be governed by the provi-
sions of chapter 46 of title 18, United States Code, relat-
ing to civil forfeitures, except that such duties as are im-
posed upon the Secretary of the Treasury under the cus-
toms laws described in section 981(d) shall be performed 
by such officers, agents, and other persons as may be des-
ignated for that purpose by the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the Attorney General, or the Secretary of De-
fense.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions at the beginning of chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating 
to section 2280 the following new item: 
‘‘2280a. Violence against maritime navigation and maritime transport involving 
weapons of mass destruction.’’. 
SEC. 803. AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 2281 OF TITLE 18, 
UNITED STATES CODE. 
Section 2281 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘section 2(c)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘section 13(c)’’; 
(2) in subsection (d), by striking the definitions 
of ‘‘national of the United States,’’ ‘‘territorial sea 
of the United States,’’ and ‘‘United States’’; and
107 
(3) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not apply to— 
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties.’’. 
SEC. 804. NEW SECTION 2281A OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES 
CODE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after section 2281 the 
following new section: 
‘‘§ 2281a. Additional offenses against maritime fixed 
platforms 
‘‘(a) OFFENSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A person who unlawfully 
and intentionally— 
‘‘(A) when the purpose of the act, by its 
nature or context, is to intimidate a population, 
or to compel a government or an international 
organization to do or to abstain from doing any 
act— 
‘‘(i) uses against or on a fixed plat-
form or discharges from a fixed platform
108 
any explosive or radioactive material, bio-
logical, chemical, or nuclear weapon in a 
manner that causes or is likely to cause 
death or serious injury or damage; or 
‘‘(ii) discharges from a fixed platform 
oil, liquefied natural gas, or another haz-
ardous or noxious substance that is not 
covered by clause (i), in such quantity or 
concentration that causes or is likely to 
cause death or serious injury or damage; 
‘‘(B) injures or kills any person in connec-
tion with the commission or the attempted com-
mission of any of the offenses set forth in sub-
paragraph (A); or 
‘‘(C) attempts or conspires to do anything 
prohibited under subparagraph (A) or (B), 
shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more 
than 20 years, or both; and if death results to any 
person from conduct prohibited by this paragraph, 
shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life. 
‘‘(2) THREAT
TO
SAFETY.—A person who 
threatens, with apparent determination and will to 
carry the threat into execution, to do any act prohib-
ited under paragraph (1)(A), shall be fined under 
this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
109 
‘‘(b) JURISDICTION.—There is jurisdiction over the 
activity prohibited in subsection (a) if— 
‘‘(1) such activity is committed against or on 
board a fixed platform— 
‘‘(A) that is located on the continental 
shelf of the United States; 
‘‘(B) that is located on the continental 
shelf of another country, by a national of the 
United States or by a stateless person whose 
habitual residence is in the United States; or 
‘‘(C) in an attempt to compel the United 
States to do or abstain from doing any act; 
‘‘(2) during the commission of such activity 
against or on board a fixed platform located on a 
continental shelf, a national of the United States is 
seized, threatened, injured, or killed; or 
‘‘(3) such activity is committed against or on 
board a fixed platform located outside the United 
States and beyond the continental shelf of the 
United States and the offender is later found in the 
United States. 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not apply to— 
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or
110 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) ‘continental shelf’ means the sea-bed and 
subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond a 
country’s territorial sea to the limits provided by 
customary international law as reflected in Article 
76 of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea; 
and 
‘‘(2) ‘fixed platform’ means an artificial island, 
installation, or structure permanently attached to 
the sea-bed for the purpose of exploration or exploi-
tation of resources or for other economic purposes.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions at the beginning of chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after the item relating 
to section 2281 the following new item: 
‘‘2281a. Additional offenses against maritime fixed platforms.’’. 
SEC. 805. ANCILLARY MEASURE. 
Section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘2280a (relating to mari-
time safety),’’ before ‘‘2281’’, and by striking ‘‘2281’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2281 through 2281a’’.
111 
Subtitle B—Prevention of Nuclear 
Terrorism 
SEC. 811. NEW SECTION 2332I OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES 
CODE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 113B of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after section 2332h 
the following: 
‘‘§ 2332i. Acts of nuclear terrorism 
‘‘(a) OFFENSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly and 
unlawfully— 
‘‘(A) possesses radioactive material or 
makes or possesses a device— 
‘‘(i) with the intent to cause death or 
serious bodily injury; or 
‘‘(ii) with the intent to cause substan-
tial damage to property or the environ-
ment; or 
‘‘(B) uses in any way radioactive material 
or a device, or uses or damages or interferes 
with the operation of a nuclear facility in a 
manner that causes the release of or increases 
the risk of the release of radioactive material, 
or causes radioactive contamination or exposure 
to radiation—
112 
‘‘(i) with the intent to cause death or 
serious bodily injury or with the knowledge 
that such act is likely to cause death or se-
rious bodily injury; 
‘‘(ii) with the intent to cause substan-
tial damage to property or the environment 
or with the knowledge that such act is like-
ly to cause substantial damage to property 
or the environment; or 
‘‘(iii) with the intent to compel a per-
son, an international organization or a 
country to do or refrain from doing an act, 
shall be punished as prescribed in subsection 
(c). 
‘‘(2) THREATS.—Whoever, under circumstances 
in which the threat may reasonably be believed, 
threatens to commit an offense under paragraph (1) 
shall be punished as prescribed in subsection (c). 
Whoever demands possession of or access to radio-
active material, a device or a nuclear facility by 
threat or by use of force shall be punished as pre-
scribed in subsection (c). 
‘‘(3) ATTEMPTS AND CONSPIRACIES.—Whoever 
attempts to commit an offense under paragraph (1) 
or conspires to commit an offense under paragraph
113 
(1) or (2) shall be punished as prescribed in sub-
section (c). 
‘‘(b) JURISDICTION.—Conduct prohibited by sub-
section (a) is within the jurisdiction of the United States 
if— 
‘‘(1) the prohibited conduct takes place in the 
United States or the special aircraft jurisdiction of 
the United States; 
‘‘(2) the prohibited conduct takes place outside 
of the United States and— 
‘‘(A) is committed by a national of the 
United States, a United States corporation or 
legal entity or a stateless person whose habitual 
residence is in the United States; 
‘‘(B) is committed on board a vessel of the 
United States or a vessel subject to the jurisdic-
tion of the United States (as defined in section 
70502 of title 46) or on board an aircraft that 
is registered under United States law, at the 
time the offense is committed; or 
‘‘(C) is committed in an attempt to compel 
the United States to do or abstain from doing 
any act, or constitutes a threat directed at the 
United States;
114 
‘‘(3) the prohibited conduct takes place outside 
of the United States and a victim or an intended vic-
tim is a national of the United States or a United 
States corporation or legal entity, or the offense is 
committed against any state or government facility 
of the United States; or 
‘‘(4) a perpetrator of the prohibited conduct is 
found in the United States. 
‘‘(c) PENALTIES.—Whoever violates this section shall 
be fined not more than $2,000,000 and shall be impris-
oned for any term of years or for life. 
‘‘(d) NONAPPLICABILITY.—This section does not 
apply to— 
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section, the 
term— 
‘‘(1) ‘armed conflict’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 2332f(e)(11) of this title; 
‘‘(2) ‘device’ means: 
‘‘(A) any nuclear explosive device; or
115 
‘‘(B) any radioactive material dispersal or 
radiation-emitting device that may, owing to its 
radiological properties, cause death, serious 
bodily injury or substantial damage to property 
or the environment; 
‘‘(3) ‘international organization’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 831(f)(3) of this title; 
‘‘(4) ‘military forces of a state’ means the 
armed forces of a country that are organized, 
trained and equipped under its internal law for the 
primary purpose of national defense or security and 
persons acting in support of those armed forces who 
are under their formal command, control and re-
sponsibility; 
‘‘(5) ‘national of the United States’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 101(a)(22) of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)(22)); 
‘‘(6) ‘nuclear facility’ means: 
‘‘(A) any nuclear reactor, including reac-
tors on vessels, vehicles, aircraft or space ob-
jects for use as an energy source in order to 
propel such vessels, vehicles, aircraft or space 
objects or for any other purpose;
116 
‘‘(B) any plant or conveyance being used 
for the production, storage, processing or trans-
port of radioactive material; or 
‘‘(C) a facility (including associated build-
ings and equipment) in which nuclear material 
is produced, processed, used, handled, stored or 
disposed of, if damage to or interference with 
such facility could lead to the release of signifi-
cant amounts of radiation or radioactive mate-
rial; 
‘‘(7) ‘nuclear material’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 831(f)(1) of this title; 
‘‘(8) ‘radioactive material’ means nuclear mate-
rial and other radioactive substances that contain 
nuclides that undergo spontaneous disintegration (a 
process accompanied by emission of one or more 
types of ionizing radiation, such as alpha-, beta-, 
neutron particles and gamma rays) and that may, 
owing to their radiological or fissile properties, cause 
death, serious bodily injury or substantial damage to 
property or to the environment; 
‘‘(9) ‘serious bodily injury’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 831(f)(4) of this title;
117 
‘‘(10) ‘state’ has the same meaning as that 
term has under international law, and includes all 
political subdivisions thereof; 
‘‘(11) ‘state or government facility’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 2332f(e)(3) of 
this title; 
‘‘(12) ‘United States corporation or legal entity’ 
means any corporation or other entity organized 
under the laws of the United States or any State, 
Commonwealth, territory, possession or district of 
the United States; 
‘‘(13) ‘vessel’ has the meaning given that term 
in section 1502(19) of title 33; and 
‘‘(14) ‘vessel of the United States’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 70502 of title 
46.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 113B of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to section 2332h the following: 
‘‘2332i. Acts of nuclear terrorism.’’. 
(c) DISCLAIMER.—Nothing contained in this section 
is intended to affect the applicability of any other Federal 
or State law that might pertain to the underlying conduct. 
(d) INCLUSION IN DEFINITION OF FEDERAL CRIMES 
OF TERRORISM.—Section 2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18,
118 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘2332i (re-
lating to acts of nuclear terrorism),’’ before ‘‘2339 (relat-
ing to harboring terrorists)’’. 
SEC. 812. AMENDMENT TO SECTION 831 OF TITLE 18, 
UNITED STATES CODE. 
Section 831 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(a) in subsection (a)— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through 
(8) as paragraphs (4) through (9); 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(3) without lawful authority, intentionally car-
ries, sends or moves nuclear material into or out of 
a country;’’; 
(3) in paragraph (8), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘an offense under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or 
(4)’’ and inserting ‘‘any act prohibited under para-
graphs (1) through (5)’’; and 
(4) in paragraph (9), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘an offense under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or 
(4)’’ and inserting ‘‘any act prohibited under para-
graphs (1) through (7)’’; 
(b) in subsection (b)—
119 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘(7)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘(8)’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘(8)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘(9)’’; 
(c) in subsection (c)— 
(1) in subparagraph (2)(A), by adding after 
‘‘United States’’ the following: ‘‘or a stateless person 
whose habitual residence is in the United States’’; 
(2) by striking paragraph (5); 
(3) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; and 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (4), the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(5) the offense is committed on board a vessel 
of the United States or a vessel subject to the juris-
diction of the United States (as defined in section 
70502 of title 46) or on board an aircraft that is 
registered under United States law, at the time the 
offense is committed; 
‘‘(6) the offense is committed outside the 
United States and against any state or government 
facility of the United States; or 
‘‘(7) the offense is committed in an attempt to 
compel the United States to do or abstain from
120 
doing any act, or constitutes a threat directed at the 
United States.’’; 
(d) by redesignating subsections (d) through (f) as 
(e) through (g), respectively; 
(e) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: 
‘‘(d) NONAPPLICABILITY.—This section does not 
apply to— 
‘‘(1) the activities of armed forces during an 
armed conflict, as those terms are understood under 
the law of war, which are governed by that law; or 
‘‘(2) activities undertaken by military forces of 
a state in the exercise of their official duties.’’; and 
(f) in subsection (g), as redesignated— 
(1) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (7), the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(8) the term ‘armed conflict’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 2332f(e)(11) of this title; 
‘‘(9) the term ‘military forces of a state’ means 
the armed forces of a country that are organized, 
trained and equipped under its internal law for the 
primary purpose of national defense or security and
121 
persons acting in support of those armed forces who 
are under their formal command, control and re-
sponsibility; 
‘‘(10) the term ‘state’ has the same meaning as 
that term has under international law, and includes 
all political subdivisions thereof; 
‘‘(11) the term ‘state or government facility’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 
2332f(e)(3) of this title; and 
‘‘(12) the term ‘vessel of the United States’ has 
the meaning given that term in section 70502 of 
title 46.’’. 
Passed the House of Representatives May 13, 2015. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 2048 
AN ACT 
To reform the authorities of the Federal Govern-
ment to require the production of certain busi-
ness records, conduct electronic surveillance, use 
pen registers and trap and trace devices, and use 
other forms of information gathering for foreign 
intelligence, counterterrorism, and criminal pur-
poses, and for other purposes.