advance the policy described in section 4 of 
the Cyber Diplomacy Act of 2021; 
‘‘(v) to coordinate cyberspace efforts 
and other relevant functions, including 
countering terrorists’ use of cyberspace, 
within the Department of State and with 
other components of the United States 
Government; 
‘‘(vi) to act as a liaison to public and 
private sector entities on relevant inter-
national cyberspace issues; 
‘‘(vii) to lead United States Govern-
ment efforts to establish a global deter-
rence framework for malicious cyber activ-
ity; 
‘‘(viii) to develop and execute adver-
sary-specific strategies to influence adver-
sary decisionmaking through the imposi-
tion of costs and deterrence strategies, in 
coordination with other relevant Executive 
agencies; 
‘‘(ix) to advise the Secretary and co-
ordinate with foreign governments on ex-
ternal responses to national-security-level 
cyber incidents, including coordination on 
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diplomatic response efforts to support al-
lies threatened by malicious cyber activity, 
in conjunction with members of the North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization and other 
like-minded countries; 
‘‘(x) to promote the adoption of na-
tional processes and programs that enable 
threat detection, prevention, and response 
to malicious cyber activity emanating from 
the territory of a foreign country, including 
as such activity relates to the United 
States’ European allies, as appropriate; 
‘‘(xi) to promote the building of for-
eign capacity to protect the global network 
with the goal of enabling like-minded par-
ticipation in deterrence frameworks; 
‘‘(xii) to promote the maintenance of 
an open and interoperable Internet gov-
erned by the multi-stakeholder model, in-
stead of by centralized government control; 
‘‘(xiii) to promote an international 
regulatory environment for technology in-
vestments and the Internet that benefits 
United States economic and national secu-
rity interests; 
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‘‘(xiv) to promote cross-border flow of 
data and combat international initiatives 
seeking to impose unreasonable require-
ments on United States businesses; 
‘‘(xv) to promote international policies 
to protect the integrity of United States 
and international telecommunications in-
frastructure from foreign-based, cyber-en-
abled threats; 
‘‘(xvi) to lead engagement, in coordi-
nation with Executive agencies, with for-
eign governments on relevant international 
cyberspace and digital economy issues as 
described in the Cyber Diplomacy Act of 
2021; 
‘‘(xvii) to promote international poli-
cies to secure radio frequency spectrum for 
United States businesses and national se-
curity needs; 
‘‘(xviii) to promote and protect the ex-
ercise of human rights, including freedom 
of speech and religion, through the Inter-
net; 
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‘‘(xix) to build capacity of United 
States diplomatic officials to engage on 
cyberspace issues; 
‘‘(xx) to encourage the development 
and adoption by foreign countries of inter-
nationally recognized standards, policies, 
and best practices; and 
‘‘(xxi) to consult, as appropriate, with 
other Executive agencies with related func-
tions vested in such Executive agencies by 
law. 
‘‘(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The head of the Bu-
reau should be an individual of demonstrated com-
petency in the fields of— 
‘‘(A) cybersecurity and other relevant 
cyberspace issues; and 
‘‘(B) international diplomacy. 
‘‘(4) ORGANIZATIONAL
PLACEMENT.—During 
the 4-year period beginning on the date of the enact-
ment of the Cyber Diplomacy Act of 2021, the head 
of the Bureau shall report to the Under Secretary 
for Political Affairs or to an official holding a higher 
position than the Under Secretary for Political Af-
fairs in the Department of State. After the conclu-
sion of such period, the head of the Bueau shall re-
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port to an appropriate Under Secretary or to an of-
ficial holding a higher position than Under Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(5) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection may be construed to preclude the 
head of the Bureau from being elevated to an Assist-
ant Secretary, if such an Assistant Secretary posi-
tion does not increase the number of Assistant Sec-
retary positions at the Department above the num-
ber authorized under subsection (c)(1).’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Bureau of International Cyberspace Policy 
established under section 1(g) of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as added by subsection (a), 
should have a diverse workforce composed of qualified in-
dividuals, including such individuals from traditionally 
under-represented groups. 
(c) UNITED NATIONS.—The Permanent Representa-
tive of the United States to the United Nations should 
use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to 
oppose any measure that is inconsistent with the policy 
described in section 4. 
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SEC. 6. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSPACE EXECUTIVE AR-
RANGEMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is encouraged to 
enter into executive arrangements with foreign govern-
ments that support the policy described in section 4. 
(b) TRANSMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Section 112b of 
title 1, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘International 
Relations’’ and inserting ‘‘Foreign Affairs’’; 
(2) in subsection (e)(2)(B), by adding at the 
end the following new clause: 
‘‘(iii) A bilateral or multilateral cyberspace 
agreement.’’; 
(3) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub-
section (g); and 
(4) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(f) With respect to any bilateral or multilateral 
cyberspace agreement under subsection (e)(2)(B)(iii) and 
the information required to be transmitted to Congress 
under subsection (a), or with respect to any arrangement 
that seeks to secure commitments on responsible country 
behavior in cyberspace consistent with section 4(b)(5) of 
the Cyber Diplomacy Act of 2021, the Secretary of State 
shall provide an explanation of such arrangement, includ-
ing— 
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‘‘(1) the purpose of such arrangement; 
‘‘(2) how such arrangement is consistent with 
the policy described in section 4 of such Act; and 
‘‘(3) how such arrangement will be imple-
mented.’’. 
(c) STATUS REPORT.—During the 5-year period im-
mediately following the transmittal to Congress of an 
agreement 
described 
in 
clause 
(iii) 
of 
section 
112b(e)(2)(B) of title 1, United States Code, as added by 
subsection (b)(2), or until such agreement has been dis-
continued, if discontinued within 5 years, the President 
shall— 
(1) notify the appropriate congressional com-
mittees if another country fails to adhere to signifi-
cant commitments contained in such agreement; and 
(2) describe the steps that the United States 
has taken or plans to take to ensure that all such 
commitments are fulfilled. 
(d) EXISTING EXECUTIVE ARRANGEMENTS.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of State shall brief the appropriate 
congressional committees regarding any executive bilateral 
or multilateral cyberspace arrangement in effect before the 
date of enactment of this Act, including— 
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(1) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Japan on April 25, 2014; 
(2) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and the United Kingdom on January 
16, 2015; 
(3) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and China on September 25, 2015; 
(4) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Korea on October 16, 2015; 
(5) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Australia on January 19, 2016; 
(6) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and India on June 7, 2016; 
(7) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Argentina on April 27, 2017; 
(8) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Kenya on June 22, 2017; 
(9) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Israel on June 26, 2017; 
(10) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and France on February 9, 2018; 
(11) the arrangement announced between the 
United States and Brazil on May 14, 2018; and 
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(12) any other similar bilateral or multilateral 
arrangement announced before such date of enact-
ment. 
SEC. 7. INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CYBERSPACE. 
(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President, 
acting through the Secretary of State, and in coordination 
with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and 
agencies, shall develop a strategy relating to United States 
engagement with foreign governments on international 
norms with respect to responsible state behavior in cyber-
space. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required under sub-
section (a) shall include the following: 
(1) A review of actions and activities under-
taken to support the policy described in section 4. 
(2) A plan of action to guide the diplomacy of 
the Department of State with regard to foreign 
countries, including— 
(A) conducting bilateral and multilateral 
activities to develop norms of responsible coun-
try behavior in cyberspace consistent with the 
objectives specified in section 4(b)(5); and 
(B) reviewing the status of existing efforts 
in relevant multilateral fora, as appropriate, to 
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obtain commitments on international norms in 
cyberspace. 
(3) A review of alternative concepts with regard 
to international norms in cyberspace offered by for-
eign countries. 
(4) A detailed description of new and evolving 
threats in cyberspace from foreign adversaries, state- 
sponsored actors, and private actors to— 
(A) United States national security; 
(B) Federal and private sector cyberspace 
infrastructure of the United States; 
(C) intellectual property in the United 
States; and 
(D) the privacy of citizens of the United 
States. 
(5) A review of policy tools available to the 
President to deter and de-escalate tensions with for-
eign countries, state-sponsored actors, and private 
actors regarding threats in cyberspace, the degree to 
which such tools have been used, and whether such 
tools have been effective deterrents. 
(6) A review of resources required to conduct 
activities to build responsible norms of international 
cyber behavior. 
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(7) A plan of action, developed in consultation 
with relevant Federal departments and agencies as 
the President may direct, to guide the diplomacy of 
the Department of State with regard to inclusion of 
cyber issues in mutual defense agreements. 
(c) FORM OF STRATEGY.— 
(1) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The strategy re-
quired under subsection (a) shall be available to the 
public in unclassified form, including through publi-
cation in the Federal Register. 
(2) CLASSIFIED ANNEX.—The strategy required 
under subsection (a) may include a classified annex, 
consistent with United States national security inter-
ests, if the Secretary of State determines that such 
annex is appropriate. 
(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the 
completion of the strategy required under subsection (a), 
the Secretary of State shall brief the appropriate congres-
sional committees on the strategy, including any material 
contained in a classified annex. 
(e) UPDATES.—The strategy required under sub-
section (a) shall be updated— 
(1) not later than 90 days after any material 
change to United States policy described in such 
strategy; and 
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(2) not later than one year after the inaugura-
tion of each new President. 
SEC. 8. ANNUAL COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS 
PRACTICES. 
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended— 
(1) in section 116 (22 U.S.C. 2151n), by add-
ing at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(h)(1) The report required under subsection (d) 
shall include an assessment of freedom of expression with 
respect to electronic information in each foreign country, 
which information shall include the following: 
‘‘(A) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country inappropriately 
attempt to filter, censor, or otherwise block or re-
move nonviolent expression of political or religious 
opinion or belief through the Internet, including 
electronic mail, and a description of the means by 
which such authorities attempt to inappropriately 
block or remove such expression. 
‘‘(B) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country have persecuted 
or otherwise punished, arbitrarily and without due 
process, an individual or group for the nonviolent ex-
pression of political, religious, or ideological opinion 
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or belief through the Internet, including electronic 
mail. 
‘‘(C) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country have sought, in-
appropriately and with malicious intent, to collect, 
request, obtain, or disclose without due process per-
sonally identifiable information of a person in con-
nection with that person’s nonviolent expression of 
political, religious, or ideological opinion or belief, in-
cluding expression that would be protected by the 
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 
adopted at New York December 16, 1966, and en-
tered into force March 23, 1976, as interpreted by 
the United States. 
‘‘(D) An assessment of the extent to which wire 
communications and electronic communications are 
monitored without due process and in contravention 
to United States policy with respect to the principles 
of privacy, human rights, democracy, and rule of 
law. 
‘‘(2) In compiling data and making assessments 
under paragraph (1), United States diplomatic personnel 
should consult with relevant entities, including human 
rights organizations, the private sector, the governments 
of like-minded countries, technology and Internet compa-
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nies, and other appropriate nongovernmental organiza-
tions or entities. 
‘‘(3) In this subsection— 
‘‘(A) the term ‘electronic communication’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 2510 of title 
18, United States Code; 
‘‘(B) the term ‘Internet’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 231(e)(3) of the Communications 
Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(3)); 
‘‘(C) the term ‘personally identifiable informa-
tion’ means data in a form that identifies a par-
ticular person; and 
‘‘(D) the term ‘wire communication’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 2510 of title 18, 
United States Code.’’; and 
(2) in section 502B (22 U.S.C. 2304)— 
(A) by redesignating the second subsection 
(i) (relating to child marriage) as subjection (j); 
and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(h)(1) The report required under subsection (b) 
shall include an assessment of freedom of expression with 
respect to electronic information in each foreign country, 
which information shall include the following: 
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‘‘(A) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country inappropriately 
attempt to filter, censor, or otherwise block or re-
move nonviolent expression of political or religious 
opinion or belief through the Internet, including 
electronic mail, and a description of the means by 
which such authorities attempt to inappropriately 
block or remove such expression. 
‘‘(B) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country have persecuted 
or otherwise punished, arbitrarily and without due 
process, an individual or group for the nonviolent ex-
pression of political, religious, or ideological opinion 
or belief through the Internet, including electronic 
mail. 
‘‘(C) An assessment of the extent to which gov-
ernment authorities in the country have sought, in-
appropriately and with malicious intent, to collect, 
request, obtain, or disclose without due process per-
sonally identifiable information of a person in con-
nection with that person’s nonviolent expression of 
political, religious, or ideological opinion or belief, in-
cluding expression that would be protected by the 
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 
adopted at New York December 16, 1966, and en-
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tered into force March 23, 1976, as interpreted by 
the United States. 
‘‘(D) An assessment of the extent to which wire 
communications and electronic communications are 
monitored without due process and in contravention 
to United States policy with respect to the principles 
of privacy, human rights, democracy, and rule of 
law. 
‘‘(2) In compiling data and making assessments 
under paragraph (1), United States diplomatic personnel 
should consult with relevant entities, including human 
rights organizations, the private sector, the governments 
of like-minded countries, technology and Internet compa-
nies, and other appropriate nongovernmental organiza-
tions or entities. 
‘‘(3) In this subsection— 
‘‘(A) the term ‘electronic communication’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 2510 of title 
18, United States Code; 
‘‘(B) the term ‘Internet’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 231(e)(3) of the Communications 
Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(3)); 
‘‘(C) the term ‘personally identifiable informa-
tion’ means data in a form that identifies a par-
ticular person; and 
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‘‘(D) the term ‘wire communication’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 2510 of title 18, 
United States Code.’’. 
SEC. 9. GAO REPORT ON CYBER DIPLOMACY. 
Not later than one year after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall submit a report and provide a briefing to the 
appropriate congressional committees that includes— 
(1) an assessment of the extent to which United 
States diplomatic processes and other efforts with 
foreign countries, including through multilateral 
fora, bilateral engagements, and negotiated cyber-
space agreements, advance the full range of United 
States interests in cyberspace, including the policy 
described in section 4; 
(2) an assessment of the Department of State’s 
organizational structure and approach to managing 
its diplomatic efforts to advance the full range of 
United States interests in cyberspace, including a re-
view of— 
(A) the establishment of a bureau in the 
Department of State to lead the Department’s 
international cyber mission; 
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(B) the current or proposed diplomatic 
mission, structure, staffing, funding, and activi-
ties of the bureau; 
(C) how the establishment of the bureau 
has impacted or is likely to impact the structure 
and organization of the Department; and 
(D) what challenges, if any, the Depart-
ment has faced or will face in establishing such 
bureau; and 
(3) any other matters determined relevant by 
the Comptroller General. 
SEC. 10. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CYBERSECURITY SANC-
TIONS AGAINST NORTH KOREA AND CYBER-
SECURITY LEGISLATION IN VIETNAM. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the President should designate all entities 
that knowingly engage in significant activities under-
mining cybersecurity through the use of computer 
networks or systems against foreign persons, govern-
ments, or other entities on behalf of the Government 
of North Korea, consistent with section 209(b) of 
the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement 
Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9229(b)); 
(2) the cybersecurity law approved by the Na-
tional Assembly of Vietnam on June 12, 2018— 
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(A) may not be consistent with inter-
national trade standards; and 
(B) may endanger the privacy of citizens 
of Vietnam; and 
(3) the Government of Vietnam should work 
with the United States and other countries to ensure 
that such law meets all relevant international stand-
ards. 
Æ 
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