IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. CON. RES. 22 
Recognizing the significance of equal pay and the disparity between wages 
paid to men and women. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 9, 2023 
Ms. LOIS FRANKEL of Florida (for herself, Ms. DELAURO, Ms. LEGER 
FERNANDEZ, Ms. WILLIAMS of Georgia, Ms. ADAMS, Mr. AUCHINCLOSS, 
Ms. BALINT, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mrs. BEATTY, Mr. BEYER, Mr. BISHOP of 
Georgia, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Ms. BLUNT ROCHESTER, Ms. BONAMICI, 
Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BOYLE of Pennsylvania, Ms. BROWN, Ms. BROWNLEY, 
Ms. BUDZINSKI, Ms. BUSH, Ms. CARAVEO, Mr. CARBAJAL, Mr. 
CA´RDENAS, Mr. CARSON, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, Mr. CASE, Ms. CASTOR of 
Florida, Mr. CASTRO of Texas, Mrs. CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Ms. CHU, 
Mr. CICILLINE, Ms. CLARKE of New York, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. COHEN, 
Mr. CONNOLLY, Ms. CRAIG, Ms. CROCKETT, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Ms. 
DEAN of Pennsylvania, Ms. DEGETTE, Ms. DELBENE, Mr. DELUZIO, 
Mr. DESAULNIER, Mrs. DINGELL, Ms. ESCOBAR, Ms. ESHOO, Mr. 
ESPAILLAT, Mr. EVANS, Mrs. FLETCHER, Mr. FOSTER, Mr. GALLEGO, 
Ms. GARCIA
of Texas, Mr. GARCI´A
of Illinois, Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. 
GOTTHEIMER, Mr. GREEN of Texas, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mrs. HAYES, Mr. 
HIGGINS of New York, Mr. HORSFORD, Ms. HOYLE of Oregon, Ms. 
JACKSON LEE, Ms. JACOBS, Ms. JAYAPAL, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. 
KAMLAGER-DOVE, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. KEATING, Ms. KELLY of Illinois, 
Mr. KHANNA, Mr. KILMER, Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI, Ms. KUSTER, Mrs. 
LEE of Nevada, Ms. LEE of California, Mr. LIEU, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. 
LYNCH, Ms. MANNING, Ms. MATSUI, Mrs. MCBATH, Ms. MCCOLLUM, 
Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. MEEKS, Ms. MENG, Ms. MOORE of Wisconsin, Mr. 
MORELLE, Mr. MOSKOWITZ, Mr. MOULTON, Mr. NADLER, Mrs. NAPOLI-
TANO, Mr. NEGUSE, Mr. NORCROSS, Ms. NORTON, Ms. OMAR, Mr. PAL-
LONE, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. PAPPAS, Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. 
PETERS, Ms. PETTERSEN, Ms. PINGREE, Ms. PLASKETT, Mr. POCAN, 
Ms. PORTER, Ms. PRESSLEY, Mr. QUIGLEY, Mrs. RAMIREZ, Mr. RASKIN, 
Ms. ROSS, Mr. SABLAN, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. SARBANES, Ms. SCANLON, 
Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. SCHIFF, Ms. SCHRIER, Mr. DAVID SCOTT of 
Georgia, Ms. SEWELL, Ms. SHERRILL, Mr. SMITH of Washington, Mr. 
SOTO, Ms. STANSBURY, Mr. STANTON, Ms. STEVENS, Ms. STRICKLAND, 
Mr. SWALWELL, Mr. TAKANO, Ms. TITUS, Ms. TLAIB, Ms. TOKUDA, Mr. 
TONKO, Mrs. TORRES of California, Mrs. TRAHAN, Mr. TRONE, Mr. 
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VARGAS, Mr. VEASEY, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mrs. 
WATSON COLEMAN, Ms. WEXTON, and Ms. WILSON of Florida) sub-
mitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Education and the Workforce 
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 
Recognizing the significance of equal pay and the disparity 
between wages paid to men and women. 
Whereas section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(d)) prohibits discrimination in com-
pensation for equal work on the basis of sex; 
Whereas title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
2000e et seq.) prohibits discrimination in compensation 
because of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex; 
Whereas, nearly six decades after the passage of the Equal 
Pay Act of 1963 (29 U.S.C. 206 note), Census Bureau 
data show that women working full time, year round are 
paid an average of 84 cents for every dollar paid to men, 
while Asian-American women working full time, year 
round are paid 92 cents, White, non-Hispanic women 
working full time, year round are paid 80 cents, African- 
American women working full time, year round are paid 
67 cents, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women 
working full time, year round are paid 65 cents, Amer-
ican Indian and Alaska Native women working full time, 
year round are paid 57 cents, and Latinas working full 
time, year round are paid 57 cents for every dollar paid 
to White, non-Hispanic men; 
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Whereas March 14, 2023, is Equal Pay Day, marking the 
day that symbolizes how long into 2023 women must 
work to make what men were paid in 2022; 
Whereas April 5, 2023, is Asian American, Native Hawaiian, 
and Pacific Islander Women’s Equal Pay Day; August 
30, 2023, is Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander Women’s 
Equal Pay Day; July 27, 2023, is Black Women’s Equal 
Pay Day; November 30, 2023, is Native Women’s Equal 
Pay Day; and October 5, 2023, is Latinas’ Equal Pay 
Day; 
Whereas, if current trends continue, Asian women are pro-
jected to close the gender pay gap for all workers, includ-
ing part-time, full time, and seasonal workers, in 24 
years, White women in 43 years, Black women in 121 
years, and Latinas in 187 years; 
Whereas the disparity in median annual earnings for women 
and men working full time, year round is $9,954, which 
can add up to nearly $400,000 over a career; 
Whereas women’s median earnings are less than men’s at 
every level of academic achievement, with women with 
less than a high school diploma earning 78 percent of 
men’s earnings, and women with a professional degree 
earning 70 percent of men’s earnings at the same level 
of education; 
Whereas women are often paid less than men with lower lev-
els of education, with women with associate’s degrees 
paid less than men with a high school diploma, and 
women with master’s degrees paid less than men with 
bachelor’s degrees; 
Whereas, in the United States, mothers are breadwinners in 
more than half of families with children under 18, and 
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mothers working full time typically are paid 74 percent 
of what fathers are paid; 
Whereas the gender wage gap collectively costs women em-
ployed full time in the United States more than 
$958,000,000,000 in annual lost wages, so that families 
have less money to spend on goods and services that help 
drive economic growth; 
Whereas, if the annual gender wage gap were eliminated, on 
average, a working woman in the United States would 
have enough money for approximately 1 year of childcare, 
8 additional months of rent, 6 additional months of mort-
gage and utilities payments, the full cost of tuition and 
fees for attending a 2-year college, more than 6 addi-
tional months of premiums for employer-based health in-
surance, more than 8 additional years of birth control, 
more than 62 weeks of food, or enough money to pay off 
student loan debt in just under 4 years; 
Whereas women hold nearly two-thirds of the Nation’s 
$1,700,000,000,000 in outstanding student loan debt, to-
taling over $929,000,000,000, and are less likely to be 
able to pay off their student loan debt promptly due to 
wage disparities; 
Whereas the wage gap impacts women’s ability to save for re-
tirement and women’s total Social Security and pension 
benefits, and older women are more likely than men to 
live in poverty; 
Whereas sex discrimination in education, hiring, and pro-
motion has played a role in maintaining a workforce seg-
regated by sex; 
Whereas sex-based wage differentials— 
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