I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2722 
To protect elections for public office by providing financial support and 
enhanced security for the infrastructure used to carry out such elections, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 14, 2019 
Ms. LOFGREN introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently deter-
mined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To protect elections for public office by providing financial 
support and enhanced security for the infrastructure 
used to carry out such elections, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Securing America’s Federal Elections Act’’ or the 
‘‘SAFE Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
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Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
TITLE I—FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR ELECTION INFRASTRUCTURE 
Subtitle A—Voting System Security Improvement Grants 
PART 1—PROMOTING ACCURACY, INTEGRITY, AND SECURITY THROUGH 
VOTER-VERIFIED PERMANENT PAPER BALLOT 
Sec. 101. Short title. 
Sec. 102. Paper ballot and manual counting requirements. 
Sec. 103. Accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 104. Durability and readability requirements for ballots. 
Sec. 105. Paper ballot printing requirements. 
Sec. 106. Study and report on optimal ballot design. 
Sec. 107. Effective date for new requirements. 
PART 2—GRANTS TO CARRY OUT IMPROVEMENTS 
Sec. 111. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and car-
rying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘PART 7—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER BALLOT VOTING 
SYSTEMS AND CARRYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 297. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and 
carrying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘Sec. 297A. Voting system security improvements described. 
‘‘Sec. 297B. Eligibility of States. 
‘‘Sec. 297C. Reports to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 297D. Authorization of appropriations. 
Sec. 112. Coordination of voting system security activities with use of require-
ments payments and election administration requirements 
under Help America Vote Act of 2002. 
Sec. 113. Incorporation of definitions. 
Subtitle B—Grants for Risk-Limiting Audits of Results of Elections 
Sec. 121. Grants to States for conducting risk-limiting audits of results of elec-
tions. 
‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR CONDUCTING RISK-LIMITING AUDITS OF RESULTS 
OF ELECTIONS 
‘‘Sec. 298. Grants for conducting risk-limiting audits of results of elec-
tions. 
‘‘Sec. 298A. Eligibility of States. 
‘‘Sec. 298B. Authorization of appropriations. 
Sec. 122. GAO analysis of effects of audits. 
TITLE II—PROMOTING CYBERSECURITY THROUGH 
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTION ADMINISTRATION 
Sec. 201. Testing of existing voting systems to ensure compliance with election 
cybersecurity guidelines and other guidelines. 
Sec. 202. Requiring use of software and hardware for which information is dis-
closed by manufacturer. 
Sec. 203. Treatment of electronic poll books as part of voting systems. 
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Sec. 204. Pre-election reports on voting system usage. 
Sec. 205. Streamlining collection of election information. 
TITLE III—ELECTION SECURITY GRANTS ADVISORY COMMITTEE 
Sec. 301. Establishment of advisory committee. 
TITLE IV—USE OF VOTING MACHINES MANUFACTURED IN THE 
UNITED STATES 
Sec. 401. Use of voting machines manufactured in the United States. 
TITLE V—SEVERABILITY 
Sec. 501. Severability. 
TITLE I—FINANCIAL SUPPORT 
FOR ELECTION INFRASTRUC-
TURE 
Subtitle A—Voting System Security 
Improvement Grants 
PART 1—PROMOTING ACCURACY, INTEGRITY, 
AND SECURITY THROUGH VOTER-VERIFIED 
PERMANENT PAPER BALLOT 
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Confidence 
and Increased Accessibility Act of 2019’’. 
SEC. 102. PAPER BALLOT AND MANUAL COUNTING RE-
QUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(a)(2) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(2)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) PAPER BALLOT REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(A) VOTER-VERIFIED PAPER BALLOTS.— 
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‘‘(i) PAPER BALLOT REQUIREMENT.— 
(I) The voting system shall require the use 
of an individual, durable, voter-verified 
paper ballot of the voter’s vote that shall 
be marked and made available for inspec-
tion and verification by the voter before 
the voter’s vote is cast and counted, and 
which shall be counted by hand or read by 
an optical character recognition device or 
other counting device. For purposes of this 
subclause, the term ‘individual, durable, 
voter-verified paper ballot’ means a paper 
ballot marked by the voter by hand or a 
paper ballot marked through the use of a 
nontabulating ballot marking device or sys-
tem, so long as the voter shall have the op-
tion to mark his or her ballot by hand. 
‘‘(II) The voting system shall provide 
the voter with an opportunity to correct 
any error on the paper ballot before the 
permanent voter-verified paper ballot is 
preserved in accordance with clause (ii). 
‘‘(III) The voting system shall not 
preserve the voter-verified paper ballots in 
any manner that makes it possible, at any 
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‘‘(II) it is demonstrated by clear 
and convincing evidence (as deter-
mined in accordance with the applica-
ble standards in the jurisdiction in-
volved) in any recount, audit, or con-
test of the result of the election that 
the paper ballots have been com-
promised (by damage or mischief or 
otherwise) and that a sufficient num-
ber of the ballots have been so com-
promised that the result of the elec-
tion could be changed, 
the determination of the appropriate rem-
edy with respect to the election shall be 
made in accordance with applicable State 
law, except that the electronic tally shall 
not be used as the exclusive basis for de-
termining the official certified result. 
‘‘(ii) RULE FOR CONSIDERATION OF 
BALLOTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH VOTING 
MACHINE.—For purposes of clause (i), 
only the paper ballots deemed com-
promised, if any, shall be considered in the 
calculation of whether or not the result of 
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the election could be changed due to the 
compromised paper ballots.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT CLARIFYING APPLI-
CABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE LANGUAGE ACCESSIBILITY.— 
Section 301(a)(4) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(4)) 
is amended by inserting ‘‘(including the paper ballots re-
quired to be used under paragraph (2))’’ after ‘‘voting sys-
tem’’. 
(c) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 
301(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
(3) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘counted, in 
accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and 
(4) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’. 
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SEC. 103. ACCESSIBILITY AND BALLOT VERIFICATION FOR 
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(a)(3)(B) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(3)(B)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(B)(i) ensure that individuals with dis-
abilities and others are given an equivalent op-
portunity to vote, including with privacy and 
independence, in a manner that produces a 
voter-verified paper ballot as for other voters; 
‘‘(ii) satisfy the requirement of subpara-
graph (A) through the use of at least one voting 
system equipped for individuals with disabil-
ities, including nonvisual and enhanced visual 
accessibility for the blind and visually impaired, 
and nonmanual and enhanced manual accessi-
bility for the mobility and dexterity impaired, at 
each polling place; and 
‘‘(iii) meet the requirements of subpara-
graph (A) and paragraph (2)(A) by using a sys-
tem that— 
‘‘(I) allows the voter to privately and 
independently verify the permanent paper 
ballot through the presentation, in acces-
sible form, of the printed or marked vote 
selections from the same printed or 
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marked information that would be used for 
any vote counting or auditing; and 
‘‘(II) allows the voter to privately and 
independently verify and cast the perma-
nent paper ballot without requiring the 
voter to manually handle the paper bal-
lot;’’. 
(b) SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT OF STUDY, TESTING, 
AND DEVELOPMENT
OF ACCESSIBLE PAPER BALLOT 
VERIFICATION MECHANISMS.— 
(1) STUDY
AND
REPORTING.—Subtitle C of 
title II of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating section 247 as section 
248; and 
(B) by inserting after section 246 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 247. STUDY AND REPORT ON ACCESSIBLE PAPER 
BALLOT VERIFICATION MECHANISMS. 
‘‘(a) STUDY AND REPORT.—The Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation shall make grants to not fewer 
than 3 eligible entities to study, test, and develop acces-
sible paper ballot voting, verification, and casting mecha-
nisms and devices and best practices to enhance the acces-
sibility of paper ballot voting and verification mechanisms 
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for individuals with disabilities, for voters whose primary 
language is not English, and for voters with difficulties 
in literacy, including best practices for the mechanisms 
themselves and the processes through which the mecha-
nisms are used. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.—An entity is eligible to receive a 
grant under this part if it submits to the Director (at such 
time and in such form as the Director may require) an 
application containing— 
‘‘(1) certifications that the entity shall specifi-
cally investigate enhanced methods or devices, in-
cluding non-electronic devices, that will assist such 
individuals and voters in marking voter-verified 
paper ballots and presenting or transmitting the in-
formation printed or marked on such ballots back to 
such individuals and voters, and casting such ballots; 
‘‘(2) a certification that the entity shall com-
plete the activities carried out with the grant not 
later than December 31, 2020; and 
‘‘(3) such other information and certifications 
as the Director may require. 
‘‘(c) AVAILABILITY
OF TECHNOLOGY.—Any tech-
nology developed with the grants made under this section 
shall be treated as non-proprietary and shall be made 
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available to the public, including to manufacturers of vot-
ing systems. 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION WITH GRANTS
FOR TECH-
NOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.—The Director shall carry out 
this section so that the activities carried out with the 
grants made under subsection (a) are coordinated with the 
research conducted under the grant program carried out 
by the Commission under section 271, to the extent that 
the Director and Commission determine necessary to pro-
vide for the advancement of accessible voting technology. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection 
(a) $5,000,000, to remain available until expended.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended— 
(A) by redesignating the item relating to 
section 247 as relating to section 248; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 246 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 247. Study and report on accessible paper ballot verification mecha-
nisms.’’. 
(c) CLARIFICATION OF ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS 
UNDER VOLUNTARY VOTING SYSTEM GUIDANCE.—In 
adopting any voluntary guidance under subtitle B of title 
III of the Help America Vote Act with respect to the ac-
cessibility of the paper ballot verification requirements for 
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individuals with disabilities, the Election Assistance Com-
mission shall include and apply the same accessibility 
standards applicable under the voluntary guidance adopt-
ed for accessible voting systems under such subtitle. 
(d) PERMITTING USE OF FUNDS FOR PROTECTION 
AND ADVOCACY SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT ACTIONS TO EN-
FORCE ELECTION-RELATED DISABILITY ACCESS.—Sec-
tion 292(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 21062(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘; except that’’ 
and all that follows and inserting a period. 
SEC. 104. DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIREMENTS 
FOR BALLOTS. 
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(A) DURABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
PAPER BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—All voter-verified 
paper ballots required to be used under 
this Act shall be marked or printed on du-
rable paper. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—For purposes of 
this Act, paper is ‘durable’ if it is capable 
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of withstanding multiple counts and re-
counts by hand without compromising the 
fundamental integrity of the ballots, and 
capable 
of 
retaining 
the 
information 
marked or printed on them for the full du-
ration of a retention and preservation pe-
riod of 22 months. 
‘‘(B) READABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
PAPER BALLOTS MARKED BY BALLOT MARKING 
DEVICE.—All voter-verified paper ballots com-
pleted by the voter through the use of a ballot 
marking device shall be clearly readable by the 
voter without assistance (other than eyeglasses 
or other personal vision enhancing devices) and 
by an optical character recognition device or 
other device equipped for individuals with dis-
abilities.’’. 
SEC. 105. PAPER BALLOT PRINTING REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) REQUIRING PAPER BALLOTS TO BE PRINTED ON 
RECYCLED PAPER MANUFACTURED
IN
THE UNITED 
STATES.—Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)), as amended by section 104, 
is amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
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‘‘(8) PRINTING
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
BAL-
LOTS.—All paper ballots used in an election for Fed-
eral office shall be printed in the United States on 
recycled paper manufactured in the United States.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections occur-
ring on or after January 1, 2021. 
SEC. 106. STUDY AND REPORT ON OPTIMAL BALLOT DE-
SIGN. 
(a) STUDY.—The Election Assistance Commission 
shall conduct a study of the best ways to design ballots 
used in elections for public office, including paper ballots 
and electronic or digital ballots, to minimize confusion and 
user errors. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than January 1, 2020, the 
Election Assistance Commission shall submit to Congress 
a report on the study conducted under subsection (a). 
SEC. 107. EFFECTIVE DATE FOR NEW REQUIREMENTS. 
Section 301(d) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(d)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), each State and jurisdiction shall be re-
quired to comply with the requirements of this sec-
tion on and after January 1, 2006. 
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‘‘(2) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
CERTAIN
REQUIRE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
section 105(b) of the Securing America’s Fed-
eral Elections Act and subparagraphs (B) and 
(C), the requirements of this section which are 
first imposed on a State and jurisdiction pursu-
ant to the amendments made by the Voter Con-
fidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2019 
shall apply with respect to voting systems used 
for any election for Federal office held in 2020 
or any succeeding year. 
‘‘(B) DELAY
FOR
JURISDICTIONS
USING 
CERTAIN PAPER RECORD PRINTERS OR CERTAIN 
SYSTEMS
USING
OR
PRODUCING
VOTER- 
VERIFIABLE PAPER RECORDS IN 2018.— 
‘‘(i) DELAY.—In the case of a juris-
diction described in clause (ii), subpara-
graph (A) shall apply to a voting system in 
the jurisdiction as if the reference in such 
subparagraph to ‘2020’ were a reference to 
‘2022’, but only with respect to the fol-
lowing requirements of this section: 
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‘‘(I) Paragraph (2)(A)(i)(I) of 
subsection (a) (relating to the use of 
voter-verified paper ballots). 
‘‘(II) Paragraph (3)(B)(ii)(I) and 
(II) of subsection (a) (relating to ac-
cess to verification from and casting 
of the durable paper ballot). 
‘‘(III) Paragraph (7) of sub-
section (a) (relating to durability and 
readability requirements for ballots). 
‘‘(ii) JURISDICTIONS
DESCRIBED.—A 
jurisdiction described in this clause is a ju-
risdiction— 
‘‘(I) which used voter verifiable 
paper record printers attached to di-
rect recording electronic voting ma-
chines, or which used other voting 
systems that used or produced paper 
records of the vote verifiable by voters 
but that are not in compliance with 
paragraphs (2)(A)(i)(I), (3)(B)(iii)(I) 
and (II), and (7) of subsection (a) (as 
amended or added by the Voter Con-
fidence and Increased Accessibility 
Act of 2019), for the administration 
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of the regularly scheduled general 
election for Federal office held in No-
vember 2018; and 
‘‘(II) which will continue to use 
such printers or systems for the ad-
ministration of elections for Federal 
office held in years before 2022. 
‘‘(iii) MANDATORY
AVAILABILITY
OF 
PAPER
BALLOTS
AT
POLLING
PLACES 
USING
GRANDFATHERED
PRINTERS
AND 
SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(I) REQUIRING BALLOTS TO BE 
OFFERED
AND
PROVIDED.—The ap-
propriate election official at each poll-
ing place that uses a printer or sys-
tem described in clause (ii)(I) for the 
administration of elections for Federal 
office shall offer each individual who 
is eligible to cast a vote in the election 
at the polling place the opportunity to 
cast the vote using a blank pre-print-
ed paper ballot which the individual 
may mark by hand and which is not 
produced by the direct recording elec-
tronic voting machine or other such 
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system. The official shall provide the 
individual with the ballot and the sup-
plies necessary to mark the ballot, and 
shall ensure (to the greatest extent 
practicable) that the waiting period 
for the individual to cast a vote is the 
lesser of 30 minutes or the average 
waiting period for an individual who 
does not agree to cast the vote using 
such a paper ballot under this clause. 
‘‘(II) TREATMENT OF BALLOT.— 
Any paper ballot which is cast by an 
individual under this clause shall be 
counted and otherwise treated as a 
regular ballot for all purposes (includ-
ing by incorporating it into the final 
unofficial vote count (as defined by 
the State) for the precinct) and not as 
a provisional ballot, unless the indi-
vidual casting the ballot would have 
otherwise been required to cast a pro-
visional ballot. 
‘‘(III) POSTING
OF
NOTICE.— 
The appropriate election official shall 
ensure there is prominently displayed 
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at each polling place a notice that de-
scribes the obligation of the official to 
offer individuals the opportunity to 
cast votes using a pre-printed blank 
paper ballot. 
‘‘(IV) TRAINING
OF
ELECTION 
OFFICIALS.—The chief State election 
official shall ensure that election offi-
cials at polling places in the State are 
aware of the requirements of this 
clause, including the requirement to 
display a notice under subclause (III), 
and are aware that it is a violation of 
the requirements of this title for an 
election official to fail to offer an indi-
vidual the opportunity to cast a vote 
using a blank pre-printed paper ballot. 
‘‘(V) 
PERIOD
OF
APPLICA-
BILITY.—The requirements of this 
clause apply only during the period in 
which the delay is in effect under 
clause (i). 
‘‘(C) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
JURISDICTIONS 
USING
CERTAIN
NONTABULATING
BALLOT 
MARKING DEVICES.—In the case of a jurisdic-
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tion which uses a nontabulating ballot marking 
device which automatically deposits the ballot 
into a privacy sleeve, subparagraph (A) shall 
apply to a voting system in the jurisdiction as 
if the reference in such subparagraph to ‘any 
election for Federal office held in 2020 or any 
succeeding year’ were a reference to ‘elections 
for Federal office held in 2022 or each suc-
ceeding year’, but only with respect to para-
graph (3)(B)(iii)(II) of subsection (a) (relating 
to nonmanual casting of the durable paper bal-
lot).’’. 
PART 2—GRANTS TO CARRY OUT 
IMPROVEMENTS 
SEC. 111. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER BAL-
LOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING OUT 
VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS. 
(a) AVAILABILITY OF GRANTS.—Subtitle D of title 
II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new part: 
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‘‘PART 7—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT 
PAPER BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CAR-
RYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IM-
PROVEMENTS 
‘‘SEC. 297. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER 
BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING 
OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
‘‘(a) AVAILABILITY AND USE OF GRANT.—The Com-
mission shall make a grant to each eligible State— 
‘‘(1) to replace a voting system— 
‘‘(A) which does not meet the requirements 
which are first imposed on the State pursuant 
to the amendments made by the Voter Con-
fidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2019 
with a voting system which does meet such re-
quirements, for use in the regularly scheduled 
general elections for Federal office held in No-
vember 2020, or 
‘‘(B) which does meet such requirements 
but which is not in compliance with the most 
recent voluntary voting system guidelines issued 
by the Commission prior to the regularly sched-
uled general election for Federal office held in 
November 2020 with another system which does 
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meet such requirements and is in compliance 
with such guidelines; 
‘‘(2) to carry out voting system security im-
provements described in section 297A with respect 
to the regularly scheduled general elections for Fed-
eral office held in November 2020 and each suc-
ceeding election for Federal office; and 
‘‘(3) to implement and model best practices for 
ballot design, ballot instructions, and the testing of 
ballots. 
‘‘(b) AMOUNT OF GRANT.—The amount of a grant 
made to a State under this section shall be such amount 
as the Commission determines to be appropriate, except 
that such amount may not be less than the product of 
$1 and the average of the number of individuals who cast 
votes in any of the two most recent regularly scheduled 
general elections for Federal office held in the State. 
‘‘(c) PRO RATA REDUCTIONS.—If the amount of 
funds appropriated for grants under this part is insuffi-
cient to ensure that each State receives the amount of the 
grant calculated under subsection (b), the Commission 
shall make such pro rata reductions in such amounts as 
may be necessary to ensure that the entire amount appro-
priated under this part is distributed to the States. 
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‘‘(d) SURPLUS APPROPRIATIONS.—If the amount of 
funds appropriated for grants authorized under section 
297D(a)(2) exceed the amount necessary to meet the re-
quirements of subsection (b), the Commission shall con-
sider the following in making a determination to award 
remaining funds to a State: 
‘‘(1) The record of the State in carrying out the 
following with respect to the administration of elec-
tions for Federal office: 
‘‘(A) Providing voting machines that are 
less than 10 years old. 
‘‘(B) Implementing strong chain of custody 
procedures for the physical security of voting 
equipment and paper records at all stages of 
the process. 
‘‘(C) Conducting pre-election testing on 
every voting machine and ensuring that paper 
ballots are available wherever electronic ma-
chines are used. 
‘‘(D) Maintaining offline backups of voter 
registration lists. 
‘‘(E) Providing a secure voter registration 
database that logs requests submitted to the 
database. 
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