(E) The development of appropriate active 
strategies to construct meaning from print. 
(F) The development and maintenance of a 
motivation to read. 
(17) SCHOOL LEADER.—The term ‘‘school lead-
er’’ means an individual who— 
(A) is an employee or officer of a school; 
and 
(B) is responsible for— 
(i) the school’s performance; and 
(ii) the daily instructional and mana-
gerial operations of the school. 
(18) SCIENTIFICALLY VALID RESEARCH.—The 
term ‘‘scientifically valid research’’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 200 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1021). 
(19) 
SCREENING
ASSESSMENT.—The 
term 
‘‘screening assessment’’ means an assessment that— 
(A) is developmentally, linguistically, and 
culturally appropriate; 
(B) is valid, reliable, and based on scientif-
ically valid research on literacy and English lan-
guage acquisition; and 
(C) is a procedure designed as a first step 
in identifying children who may be at high risk 
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for delayed development or later academic dif-
ficulties and in need of further diagnosis of the 
children’s need for special services or additional 
literacy instruction. 
(20) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Com-
monwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin 
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 
(21) STATE LITERACY LEADERSHIP TEAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.— 
(i) APPOINTMENT; RESPONSIBILITY; 
COMPOSITION.—The term ‘‘State literacy 
leadership team’’ means a team that— 
(I) is appointed and coordinated 
by the State educational agency, ex-
cept that individuals described in sub-
clauses (I)(aa), (I)(hh), and (II)(gg) 
of clause (ii) shall be appointed by the 
State agency that oversees child care 
programs; and 
(II) is composed of not less than 
13 individuals and includes the indi-
viduals described in clause (ii). 
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(ii) 
INDIVIDUALS
INCLUDED.—A 
State literacy team— 
(I) shall include— 
(aa) an individual who has 
literacy expertise with respect to 
children from birth through kin-
dergarten entry; 
(bb) an individual who has 
literacy expertise with respect to 
students in kindergarten through 
grade 5; 
(cc) an individual who has 
literacy expertise with respect to 
students in grades 6 through 12; 
(dd) a school principal; 
(ee) 
a 
special 
education 
teacher with literacy expertise; 
(ff) a representative from 
the family literacy community; 
(gg) a teacher or adminis-
trator with expertise in teaching 
English language learners; 
(hh) a representative from 
the State’s agency that oversees 
child care programs; 
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(ii) a representative from 
the State educational agency who 
oversees literacy initiatives; and 
(jj) a representative from 
higher education who is actively 
involved in research, develop-
ment, and teacher preparation in 
literacy instruction and interven-
tion based on scientifically valid 
research; and 
(II) may include— 
(aa) a literacy specialist 
serving in a school district within 
the State; 
(bb) a literacy coach; 
(cc) a library media spe-
cialist; 
(dd) a school counselor; 
(ee) a teacher of a core aca-
demic subject; 
(ff) a special education ad-
ministrator; 
(gg) an early learning pro-
vider; 
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(hh) a college or university 
professor; 
(ii) a parent; 
(jj) a business leader; 
(kk) a representative from 
the Governor’s office; 
(ll) a representative from 
the State board of education; 
(mm) a representative from 
the State legislature; 
(nn) a nonprofit and com-
munity-based organization pro-
viding literacy instruction and 
support; and 
(oo) a representative from a 
school district superintendent’s 
office. 
(B) INCLUSION OF A PREEXISTING PART-
NERSHIP.—If, before the date of the enactment 
of this Act, a State educational agency estab-
lished a consortium, partnership, or any other 
similar body that was considered a literacy 
partnership for purposes of subpart 1 or 2 of 
part B of title I of the Elementary and Sec-
ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6361 
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et seq., 6371 et seq.) and that includes the indi-
viduals required under subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), 
such consortium, partnership, or body may be 
considered a State literacy leadership team for 
purposes of subparagraph (A). 
(22) STUDENT WITH A DISABILITY.—The term 
‘‘student with a disability’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘child with a disability’’ in section 602(3) 
of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 
(20 U.S.C. 1401(3)). 
(23) 
SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT.—The 
term 
‘‘summative assessment’’ means an assessment 
that— 
(A) is developmentally, linguistically, and 
culturally appropriate; 
(B) is valid, reliable, and based on scientif-
ically valid research on literacy and English lan-
guage acquisition; and 
(C) measures how young children have pro-
gressed over time relative to developmental 
norms and what students have learned over 
time. 
(24) UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING.—The 
term ‘‘universal design for learning’’ has the mean-
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