H. R. 4200—356
(c) APPLICABILITY BEYOND FISCAL YEAR 2004.—Subsection (e)
of such section (as redesignated by subsection (b)) is amended
by striking ‘‘the funds appropriated pursuant to the authorization
of appropriations in section 3101(a)(2) for such program’’ and
inserting ‘‘the funds appropriated pursuant to an authorization
of appropriations for the International Nuclear Materials Protection
and Cooperation Program’’.
SEC. 3132. ACCELERATION OF REMOVAL OR SECURITY OF FISSILE
MATERIALS, RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, AND RELATED
EQUIPMENT AT VULNERABLE SITES WORLDWIDE.
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—(1) It is the sense of Congress that
the security, including the rapid removal or secure storage, of
high-risk, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological
materials, and related equipment at vulnerable sites worldwide
should be a top priority among the activities to achieve the national
security of the United States.
(2) It is the sense of Congress that the President may establish
in the Department of Energy a task force to be known as the
Task Force on Nuclear Materials to carry out the program author-
ized by subsection (b).
(b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary of Energy may carry
out a program to undertake an accelerated, comprehensive world-
wide effort to mitigate the threats posed by high-risk, proliferation-
attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related
equipment located at sites potentially vulnerable to theft or diver-
sion.
(c) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—(1) Activities under the program
under subsection (b) may include the following:
(A) Accelerated efforts to secure, remove, or eliminate pro-
liferation-attractive fissile materials or radiological materials
in research reactors, other reactors, and other facilities world-
wide.
(B) Arrangements for the secure shipment of proliferation-
attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, and related
equipment to other countries willing to accept such materials
and equipment, or to the United States if such countries cannot
be identified, and the provision of secure storage or disposition
of such materials and equipment following shipment.
(C) The transportation of proliferation-attractive fissile
materials, radiological materials, and related equipment from
sites identified as proliferation risks to secure facilities in other
countries or in the United States.
(D) The processing and packaging of proliferation-attractive
fissile materials, radiological materials, and related equipment
in accordance with required standards for transport, storage,
and disposition.
(E) The provision of interim security upgrades for vulner-
able, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological mate-
rials, and related equipment pending their removal from their
current sites.
(F) The utilization of funds to upgrade security and
accounting at sites where proliferation-attractive fissile mate-
rials or radiological materials will remain for an extended
period of time in order to ensure that such materials are
secure against plausible potential threats and will remain so
in the future.
H. R. 4200—357
(G) The management of proliferation-attractive fissile mate-
rials, radiological materials, and related equipment at secure
facilities.
(H) Actions to ensure that security, including security
upgrades at sites and facilities for the storage or disposition
of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological mate-
rials, and related equipment, continues to function as intended.
(I) The provision of technical support to the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), other countries, and other enti-
ties to facilitate removal of, and security upgrades to facilities
that contain, proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radio-
logical materials, and related equipment worldwide.
(J) The development of alternative fuels and irradiation
targets based on low-enriched uranium to convert research
or other reactors fueled by highly-enriched uranium to such
alternative fuels, as well as the conversion of reactors and
irradiation targets employing highly-enriched uranium to
employment of such alternative fuels and targets.
(K) Accelerated actions for the blend down of highly-
enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium.
(L) The provision of assistance in the closure and decommis-
sioning of sites identified as presenting risks of proliferation
of proliferation-attractive fissile materials, radiological mate-
rials, and related equipment.
(M) Programs to—
(i) assist in the placement of employees displaced as
a result of actions pursuant to the program in enterprises
not representing a proliferation threat; and
(ii) convert sites identified as presenting risks of pro-
liferation regarding proliferation-attractive fissile mate-
rials, radiological materials, and related equipment to pur-
poses not representing a proliferation threat to the extent
necessary to eliminate the proliferation threat.
(2) The Secretary of Energy shall, in coordination with the
Secretary of State, carry out the program in consultation with,
and with the assistance of, appropriate departments, agencies, and
other entities of the United States Government.
(3) The Secretary of Energy shall, with the concurrence of
the Secretary of State, carry out activities under the program in
collaboration with such foreign governments, non-governmental
organizations, and other international entities as the Secretary
of Energy considers appropriate for the program.
(d) REPORTS.—(1) Not later than March 15, 2005, the Secretary
of Energy shall submit to Congress a classified interim report
on the program under subsection (b).
(2) Not later than January 1, 2006, the Secretary shall submit
to Congress a classified final report on the program under sub-
section (b) that includes the following:
(A) A survey by the Secretary of the facilities and sites
worldwide that contain proliferation-attractive fissile materials,
radiological materials, or related equipment.
(B) A list of sites determined by the Secretary to be of
the highest priority, taking into account risk of theft from
such sites, for removal or security of proliferation-attractive
fissile materials, radiological materials, or related equipment,
organized by level of priority.
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(C) A plan, including activities under the program under
this section, for the removal, security, or both of proliferation-
attractive fissile materials, radiological materials, or related
equipment at vulnerable facilities and sites worldwide,
including measurable milestones, metrics, and estimated costs
for the implementation of the plan.
(3) A summary of each report under this subsection shall also
be submitted to Congress in unclassified form.
(e) FUNDING.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary of Energy for defense nuclear nonproliferation activities
shall be available for purposes of the program under this section.
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) The term ‘‘fissile materials’’ means plutonium, highly-
enriched uranium, or other material capable of sustaining an
explosive nuclear chain reaction, including irradiated items
containing such materials if the radiation field from such items
is not sufficient to prevent the theft or misuse of such items.
(2) The term ‘‘radiological materials’’ includes Americium-
241, Californium-252, Cesium-137, Cobalt-60, Iridium-192,
Plutonium-238, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Curium-244, and
irradiated items containing such materials, or other materials
designated by the Secretary of Energy for purposes of this
paragraph.
(3) The term ‘‘related equipment’’ includes equipment useful
for enrichment of uranium in the isotope 235 and for extraction
of fissile materials from irradiated fuel rods and other equip-
ment designated by the Secretary of Energy for purposes of
this section.
(4) The term ‘‘highly-enriched uranium’’ means uranium
enriched to or above 20 percent in the isotope 235.
(5) The term ‘‘low-enriched uranium’’ means uranium
enriched below 20 percent in the isotope 235.
(6) The term ‘‘proliferation-attractive’’, in the case of fissile
materials and radiological materials, means quantities and
types of such materials that are determined by the Secretary
of Energy to present a significant risk to the national security
of the United States if diverted to a use relating to proliferation.
SEC. 3133. SILK ROAD INITIATIVE.
(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—(1) The Secretary of Energy may
carry out a program, to be known as the Silk Road Initiative,
to promote non-weapons-related employment opportunities for sci-
entists, engineers, and technicians formerly engaged in activities
to develop and produce weapons of mass destruction in Silk Road
nations. The program should—
(A) incorporate best practices under the Initiatives for Pro-
liferation Prevention program; and
(B) facilitate commercial partnerships between private enti-
ties in the United States and scientists, engineers, and techni-
cians in the Silk Road nations.
(2) Before implementing the program with respect to multiple
Silk Road nations, the Secretary of Energy shall carry out a pilot
program with respect to one Silk Road nation selected by the
Secretary. It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary should
select the Republic of Georgia.
(b) SILK ROAD NATIONS DEFINED.—In this section, the Silk
Road nations are Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Republic of Georgia,
H. R. 4200—359
Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, 
Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan, 
and
Uzbekistan.
(c) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated to
the Department of Energy for nonproliferation and international
security for fiscal year 2005, up to $10,000,000 may be used to
carry out this section.
SEC. 3134. NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION FELLOWSHIPS FOR SCI-
ENTISTS EMPLOYED BY UNITED STATES AND RUSSIAN
FEDERATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) From amounts made available to carry
out this section, the Administrator for Nuclear Security may carry
out a program under which the Administrator awards, to scientists
employed at nonproliferation research laboratories of the Russian
Federation and the United States, international exchange fellow-
ships, to be known as Nuclear Nonproliferation Fellowships, in
the nuclear nonproliferation sciences.
(2) The purpose of the program shall be to provide opportunities
for advancement in the nuclear nonproliferation sciences to sci-
entists who, as demonstrated by their academic or professional
achievements, show particular promise of making significant con-
tributions in those sciences.
(3) A fellowship awarded to a scientist under the program
shall be for collaborative study and training or advanced research
at—
(A) a nonproliferation research laboratory of the Russian
Federation, in the case of a scientist employed at a nonprolifera-
tion research laboratory of the United States; and
(B) a nonproliferation research laboratory of the United
States, in the case of a scientist employed at a nonproliferation
research laboratory of the Russian Federation.
(4) The duration of a fellowship under the program may not
exceed two years, except that the Administrator may provide for
a longer duration in an individual case to the extent warranted
by extraordinary circumstances, as determined by the Adminis-
trator.
(5) In a calendar year, the Administrator may not award more
than—
(A) one fellowship to a scientist employed at a nonprolifera-
tion research laboratory of the Russian Federation; and
(B) one fellowship to a scientist employed at a nonprolifera-
tion research laboratory of the United States.
(6) A fellowship under the program shall include—
(A) travel expenses; and
(B) any other expenses that the Administrator considers
appropriate, such as room and board.
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) The term ‘‘nonproliferation research laboratory’’ means,
with respect to a country, a national laboratory of that country
at which research in the nuclear nonproliferation sciences is
carried out.
(2) The term ‘‘nuclear nonproliferation sciences’’ means
bodies of scientific knowledge relevant to developing or
advancing the means to prevent or impede the proliferation
of nuclear weaponry.
(3) The term ‘‘scientist’’ means an individual who has a
degree from an institution of higher education in a science