IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 883 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the slogan, ‘‘from 
the river to the sea, Palestine will be free’’ is antisemitic and its use 
must be condemned. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 21, 2023 
Mr. D’ESPOSITO (for himself, Mr. GOTTHEIMER, and Mr. MOSKOWITZ) sub-
mitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that 
the slogan, ‘‘from the river to the sea, Palestine will 
be free’’ is antisemitic and its use must be condemned. 
Whereas the slogan ‘‘from the river to the sea, Palestine will 
be free’’ is an antisemitic call to arms with the goal of 
the eradication of the State of Israel, which is located be-
tween the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea; 
Whereas the slogan seeks to deny Jewish people the right to 
self-determination and calls for the removal of the Jewish 
people from their ancestral homeland; 
Whereas Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, 
and other terrorist organizations and their sympathizers 
have used and continue to use this slogan as a rallying 
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•HRES 883 IH 
cry for action to destroy Israel and exterminate the Jew-
ish people; 
Whereas this rallying cry can promote violence against the 
State of Israel and the Jewish community globally; 
Whereas, on October 7, 2023, Hamas committed a barbaric 
and uncivilized slaughter against the Jewish people, kill-
ing 1,200 people; 
Whereas victims of this massacre included children, the elder-
ly, Holocaust survivors, and women, who were murdered 
indiscriminately in their homes, communities, public 
spaces, and at a music festival; 
Whereas, on October 7, 2023, Hamas reportedly beheaded 
dozens of babies, committed countless atrocities, and vio-
lently raped women; 
Whereas, on October 7, 2023, Hamas recorded and broad-
casted to the world mutilation, desecration, and public 
parading of bodies; 
Whereas, on October 7, 2023, Hamas took over 240 hos-
tages, including children, women, elderly Israelis, Ameri-
cans, and other foreign nationals; 
Whereas, on October 7, 2023, Hamas murdered the highest 
number of Jewish people since the Holocaust; 
Whereas Hamas’ 2017 Charter states, ‘‘Hamas rejects any 
alternative to the full and complete liberation of Pal-
estine, from the river to the sea.’’; 
Whereas Hamas’ 2017 Charter states, ‘‘There shall be no 
recognition of the legitimacy of the Zionist entity.’’; 
Whereas Hamas’ 2017 Charter states, ‘‘Resistance and jihad 
for the liberation of Palestine will remain a legitimate 
right.’’; 
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•HRES 883 IH 
Whereas this slogan is used by the same people who utter 
‘‘death to America’’ and ‘‘death to Israel’’; 
Whereas former Hamas Chief Khaled Meshaal called for the 
‘‘day of rage’’, a global mobilization against the State of 
Israel, which had profound consequences for Jewish com-
munities around the world; 
Whereas a member of the Hamas political bureau, Ghazi 
Hamad, in an interview about the October 7 massacres, 
vowed, ‘‘We must teach Israel a lesson, and we will do 
it twice and three times. The Al-Aqsa Deluge is just the 
first time, and there will be a second, a third, a fourth.’’; 
Whereas Ghazi Hamad, in the same interview, responded, 
‘‘Yes, of course’’, when asked if he believed in the annihi-
lation of Israel; 
Whereas the Secretary General of Hezbollah Hassan 
Nasrallah stated, ‘‘Palestine, from the sea to the river is 
the property of Arabs and Palestinians and no one has 
the right to give up even a single grain of earth or one 
stone.’’; 
Whereas Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, on November 11, 
2023, stated that the only solution to this war is ‘‘The 
establishment of the Palestinian State from the river to 
the sea.’’; 
Whereas the founder of al-Qaeda and the perpetrator of the 
9/11 terrorist attacks, Osama bin Laden, stated, ‘‘Bor-
ders must be opened by force so as to obtain all the nec-
essary requirements to liberate the entire Palestine from 
the river to the sea, God willing.’’; 
Whereas the former Dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, stat-
ed, ‘‘Glorious and sublime are our martyrs in Palestine, 
Iraq, and the nation as a whole. Long live Palestine, free 
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•HRES 883 IH 
and Arab, from the sea to the river’’, and ‘‘Palestine is 
Arab and must be liberated from the river to the sea’’; 
Whereas this slogan neglects the fact that innocent civilians 
are used as human shields by Hamas; 
Whereas Hamas intentionally locates its military weapons 
supply depots and intelligence outposts directly under 
and within civilian populated sites such as schools, 
mosques, residential buildings, and hospitals such as the 
Al Shifa Hospital, the largest hospital in Gaza; 
Whereas using civilians as human shields for protecting 
weapons and fighters from a lawful attack is considered 
a war crime; 
Whereas hateful rhetoric obstructs peace efforts; 
Whereas the Anti-Defamation League and the American Jew-
ish Committee deem this slogan antisemitic; 
Whereas this slogan incites fear within the Jewish community 
in the United States and around the world; 
Whereas students attending institutions of higher education 
have chanted and continue to chant this slogan since the 
barbarous October 7 massacres, yet all the while, their 
fellow Jewish students are being harassed and intimi-
dated; and 
Whereas this slogan has been used recently by violent 
protestors throughout the United States and the world: 
Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Rep-
resentatives that— 
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•HRES 883 IH 
(1) the slogan, ‘‘from the river to the sea, Pal-
estine will be free’’, is outrightly antisemitic and 
must be strongly condemned; 
(2) this slogan is divisive and does a disservice 
to Israelis, Palestinians, and all those in the region 
who seek peace; 
(3) this slogan rejects calls for peace, stability, 
and safety in the region; 
(4) this slogan perpetuates hatred against the 
State of Israel and the Jewish people; and 
(5) anyone who calls for the eradication of 
Israel and the Jewish people are antisemitic and 
must always be condemned. 
Æ 
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