164 
‘‘(2) Decreasing the cost of all fossil energy pro-
duction, generation, and delivery. 
‘‘(3) Promoting diversity of energy supply. 
‘‘(4) Decreasing the dependence of the United 
States on foreign energy supplies. 
‘‘(5) Decreasing the environmental impact of en-
ergy-related activities. 
‘‘(6) Increasing the export of fossil energy-related 
equipment, technology, and services from the United 
States. 
‘‘(b) OBJECTIVES.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the Secretary shall seek to— 
‘‘(1) leverage existing programs; 
‘‘(2) 
consolidate 
and 
coordinate 
activities 
throughout the Department to promote collaboration 
and crosscutting approaches; 
‘‘(3) ensure activities are undertaken in a man-
ner that does not duplicate other activities within the 
Department or other Federal Government activities; 
and 
‘‘(4) identify programs that may be more effec-
tively left to the States, industry, nongovernmental 
organizations, institutions of higher education, or 
other stakeholders. 
‘‘(c) LIMITATIONS.— 
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‘‘(1) USES.—None of the funds authorized for 
carrying out this section may be used for Fossil En-
ergy Environmental Restoration. 
‘‘(2) INSTITUTIONS
OF
HIGHER
EDUCATION.— 
Not less than 20 percent of the funds appropriated for 
carrying out section 964 of this Act for each fiscal 
year shall be dedicated to research and development 
carried out at institutions of higher education. 
‘‘(3) USE FOR REGULATORY ASSESSMENTS OR 
DETERMINATIONS.—The results of any research, devel-
opment, demonstration, or commercial application 
projects or activities of the Department authorized 
under this subtitle may not be used for regulatory as-
sessments or determinations by Federal regulatory 
authorities. 
‘‘(d) ASSESSMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) 
CONSTRAINTS
AGAINST
BRINGING
RE-
SOURCES TO MARKET.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the America COMPETES 
Reauthorization Act of 2015, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress an assessment of the technical, 
institutional, policy, and regulatory constraints to 
bringing new domestic fossil resources to market. 
‘‘(2) TECHNOLOGY
CAPABILITIES.—Not later 
than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Amer-
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ica COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2015, the 
Secretary shall transmit to Congress a long-term as-
sessment of existing and projected technological capa-
bilities for expanded production from domestic uncon-
ventional oil, gas, and methane reserves.’’. 
SEC. 662. COAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRA-
TION, AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 962 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16292) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
at the end; 
(B) in paragraph (11), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(12) specific additional programs to address 
water use and reuse; 
‘‘(13) the testing, including the construction of 
testing facilities, of high temperature materials for 
use in advanced systems for combustion or use of coal; 
and 
‘‘(14) innovations to application of existing coal 
conversion systems designed to increase efficiency of 
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conversion, flexibility of operation, and other modi-
fications to address existing usage requirements.’’; 
(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) 
as subsections (c) through (e), respectively; 
(3) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(b) TRANSFORMATIONAL COAL TECHNOLOGY PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program es-
tablished under subsection (a), the Secretary may 
carry out a program designed to undertake research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial applica-
tion of technologies, including the accelerated develop-
ment of— 
‘‘(A) chemical looping technology; 
‘‘(B) supercritical carbon dioxide power 
generation cycles; 
‘‘(C) pressurized oxycombustion, including 
new and retrofit technologies; and 
‘‘(D) other technologies that are character-
ized by the use of— 
‘‘(i) alternative energy cycles; 
‘‘(ii) thermionic devices using waste 
heat; 
‘‘(iii) fuel cells; 
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‘‘(iv) replacement of chemical processes 
with biotechnology; 
‘‘(v) nanotechnology; 
‘‘(vi) new materials in applications 
(other than extending cycles to higher tem-
perature and pressure), such as membranes 
or ceramics; 
‘‘(vii) carbon utilization, such as in 
construction materials, using low quality 
energy to reconvert back to a fuel, or manu-
factured food; 
‘‘(viii) advanced gas separation con-
cepts; and 
‘‘(ix) other technologies, including— 
‘‘(I) modular, manufactured com-
ponents; and 
‘‘(II) innovative production or re-
search techniques, such as using 3–D 
printer systems, for the production of 
early research and development proto-
types. 
‘‘(2) COST SHARE.—In carrying out the program 
described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall enter 
into partnerships with private entities to share the 
costs of carrying out the program. The Secretary may 
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