H. R. 4346—204 
(4) assessing the ways inflation could impact future Amer-
ican generations; and 
(5) evaluating the impact of policymaking on inflation, 
including the impact of further Government spending. 
(c) COORDINATION TO AVOID DUPLICATION.—In making awards 
under this section, the Director shall, for purposes of avoiding 
duplication of activities and research, consult, collaborate, and 
coordinate with the programs and policies of other relevant Federal 
agencies. 
SEC. 10364. MICROGRAVITY UTILIZATION POLICY. 
(a) SENSE
OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that 
space technology and the utilization of the microgravity environ-
ment for science, engineering, and technology development is critical 
to long-term competitiveness with near-peer competitors, including 
China. 
(b) POLICY.—To the extent appropriate during an award period, 
the Foundation shall facilitate access by recipients of Foundation 
awards to the microgravity environment, including in private sector 
platforms, for the development of science, engineering, and tech-
nology relevant to the award. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Director shall provide to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the Foundation’s plan for facili-
tating awardee access to the microgravity environment. 
SEC. 10365. RECOGNITION OF THE ARECIBO OBSERVATORY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Department of Defense began developing the Are-
cibo Observatory located in Barrio Esperanza, Arecibo, Puerto 
Rico, during the 1950s, and its characteristic instrument, a 
large radio telescope of 305 meters in diameter was completed 
in 1963. 
(2) The facility was later owned by the National Science 
Foundation, and supported by the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration and various university partners. 
(3) The Arecibo Observatory’s 305-meter fixed spherical 
radio telescope, was the world’s largest single-dish radio tele-
scope until the Five-Hundred-Meter Aperture Spherical Radio 
Telescope located in Gizhou, China, began observing in 2016. 
(4) The 305-meter radio telescope made unparalleled con-
tributions to the fields of radio astronomy, planetary, and 
atmospheric sciences, and played a role in inspiring thousands 
of students in Puerto Rico, the Nation, and the world to pursue 
careers in STEM fields through the Arecibo Observatory Edu-
cation and Public Outreach Programs. 
(5) The radio telescope significantly advanced the field 
of radio astronomy, including the first indirect detection of 
gravitational waves, the first detection of extrasolar planets, 
innumerable contributions to the field of time domain 
astronomy and the study of the interstellar medium, and played 
a key role in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. 
(6) The Arecibo Observatory had the best planetary radar 
system in the world, used by the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration for near-Earth object detection and was 
an essential part of the agency’s planetary defense program.
H. R. 4346—205 
(7) The planetary radar at the Arecibo Observatory has 
contributed fundamentally and significantly to the knowledge 
of the solar system. 
(8) The Arecibo Observatory’s Incoherent Scatter Radar 
and supporting facilities have provided fundamental under-
standing of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and the 
interface between the atmosphere and space that protects the 
planet from solar wind, meteors, and other potential threats. 
(9) December 1, 2021, marks the 1-year anniversary of 
the uncontrolled collapse sustained by the radio telescope after 
a series of cable failures in tower 4. 
(b) SENSE
OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that 
the Congress— 
(1) acknowledges the loss of the Arecibo Observatory’s radio 
telescope due to its collapse and its implications for the loss 
of a unique world-class multidisciplinary science facility which 
conducted research in the areas of space and atmospheric 
sciences, radar astronomy and planetary sciences, astronomy, 
and astrophysics; 
(2) acknowledges that the uncontrolled collapse of the 305- 
meter radio telescope represents a loss of astronomical observa-
tion capabilities, scientific research and development, planetary 
defense capabilities, and applied science capabilities for the 
United States; 
(3) recognizes the rich scientific, educational, and economic 
benefits that the Arecibo Telescope has made to the people 
of Puerto Rico, the Nation, and the world; 
(4) recognizes the work and contributions made by the 
thousands of dedicated staff who have supported the Arecibo 
Observatory for close to 6 decades; 
(5) commends the National Science Foundation for con-
vening a virtual workshop in June 2021, to explore ideas for 
future scientific and educational activities at the Arecibo 
Observatory; and 
(6) encourages the National Science Foundation, in con-
sultation with other Federal agencies, to explore opportunities 
for strengthening and expanding the role of the Arecibo Observ-
atory in Puerto Rico through education, outreach, and diversity 
programs, and future research capabilities and technology at 
the site. 
Subtitle F—Research Infrastructure 
SEC. 10371. FACILITY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall continue the Facility Oper-
ation Transition pilot program for a total of 5 years. 
(b) COST SHARING.—The Facility Operation Transition program 
shall provide funding for 10 to 50 percent of the operations and 
maintenance costs for major research facilities that are within 
the first five years of operation, where the share is determined 
based on— 
(1) the operations and maintenance costs of the major 
research facility; and 
(2) the capacity of the managing directorate or division 
to absorb such costs.
H. R. 4346—206 
(c) REPORT.—After the fifth year of the pilot program, the 
Director shall transmit a report to Congress that includes— 
(1) an assessment, that includes feedback from the research 
community, of the effectiveness of the pilot program for— 
(A) supporting research directorates and divisions in 
balancing investments in research grants and funding for 
the initial operation and maintenance of major facilities; 
(B) incentivizing the development of new world-class 
facilities; 
(C) facilitating interagency and international partner-
ships; 
(D) funding core elements of multi-disciplinary facili-
ties; and 
(E) supporting facility divestment costs; and 
(2) if deemed effective, a plan for permanent implementa-
tion of the pilot program. 
SEC. 10372. REVIEWS. 
The Director shall periodically carry out reviews within each 
of the directorates and divisions to assess the cost and benefits 
of extending the operations of research facilities that have exceeded 
their planned operational lifespan. 
SEC. 10373. HELIUM CONSERVATION. 
(a) MAJOR RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION SUPPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support, through the 
Major Research Instrumentation program, proposal requests 
that include the purchase, installation, operation, and mainte-
nance of equipment and instrumentation to reduce consumption 
of helium. 
(2) COST
SHARING.—The Director may waive the cost- 
sharing requirement for helium conservation measures for non- 
Ph.D.-granting institutions of higher education and Ph.D.- 
granting institutions of higher education that are not ranked 
among the top 100 institutions receiving Federal research and 
development funding, as documented by the National Center 
for Science and Engineering Statistics. 
(b) ANNUAL REPORT.—No later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act and annually for the subsequent two 
years, the Director shall submit an annual report to Congress 
on the use of funding awarded by the Foundation for the purchase 
and conservation of helium. The report should include— 
(1) the volume and price of helium purchased; 
(2) changes in pricing and availability of helium; and 
(3) any supply disruptions impacting a substantial number 
of institutions. 
SEC. 10374. ADVANCED COMPUTING. 
(a) COMPUTING NEEDS.—To gather information about the com-
putational needs of Foundation-funded projects, the Director shall 
require award proposals submitted to the Foundation, as appro-
priate, to include estimates of computational resource needs for 
projects that require use of advanced computing. The Director shall 
encourage and provide access to tools that facilitate the inclusion 
of these measures, including those identified in the 2016 National 
Academies report entitled ‘‘Future Directions for NSF Advanced 
Computing Infrastructure to Support U.S. Science and Engineering 
in 2017–2020’’.
H. R. 4346—207 
(b) REPORTS.—The Director shall document and publish every 
two years a summary of the amount and types of advanced com-
puting capabilities that are needed to fully meet the Foundation’s 
project needs as identified under subsection (a). 
(c) ROADMAP.—To set priorities and guide strategic decisions 
regarding investments in advanced computing capabilities, the 
Director shall develop, publish, and regularly update a 5-year 
advanced computing roadmap that— 
(1) describes the advanced computing resources and 
capabilities that would fully meet anticipated project needs, 
including through investments in the Mid-Scale Research Infra-
structure program and the Major Research Equipment and 
Facilities Construction account; 
(2) draws on community input, information contained in 
research proposals, allocation requests, insights from Founda-
tion-funded cyber-infrastructure operators, and Foundation- 
wide information gathering regarding community needs; 
(3) considers computational needs of planned major facili-
ties; 
(4) reflects anticipated technology trends; 
(5) informs users and potential partners about future facili-
ties and services; 
(6) addresses the needs of groups historically underrep-
resented in STEM and geographic regions with low availability 
and high demand for advanced computing resources; 
(7) considers how Foundation-supported advanced com-
puting capabilities can be leveraged for activities through the 
Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships; and 
(8) provides an update to Congress about the level of 
funding necessary to fully meet computational resource needs 
for the research community. 
(d) SECURING AMERICAN RESEARCH FROM CYBER THEFT.— 
(1) NETWORKING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 
AND
DEVELOPMENT
UPDATE.—Section 101(a)(1) of the High- 
Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511) is 
amended— 
(A) by moving the margins of subparagraph (D) and 
each of subparagraphs (J) through (O) two ems to the 
left; 
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (J) through (O) 
as subparagraphs (K) through (P), respectively; and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the following: 
‘‘(J) provide for improving the security, reliability, and 
resiliency of computing and networking systems used by 
institutions of higher education and other nonprofit 
research institutions for the processing, storage and trans-
mission of sensitive federally funded research and associ-
ated data;’’. 
(2) COMPUTING ENCLAVE PILOT PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consultation with 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology and the Secretary of Energy, and the heads 
of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall 
establish a pilot program to make awards to ensure the 
security of federally supported research data and to assist 
regional institutions of higher education and their 
researchers in compliance with regulations regarding the