trator of the Transportation Security Administration shall 
develop a plan to ensure interoperable communications 
among and within VIPR teams and between VIPR teams 
and, to the extent practicable, transportation entities with 
systems or facilities involved in VIPR team operations. 
SEC. 104. EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAMS FOR 
SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY. 
(a) INCREASED CAPACITY.—Not later than two years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall increase by at least 200 the 
number of State and local law enforcement-led explosives 
detection canine teams trained and certified by the Trans-
portation Security Administration that are dedicated to 
surface transportation security. 
(b) DEPLOYMENT.—Explosives detection canine 
teams trained and certified under subsection (a) shall be 
deployed to surface transportation assets in a risk-based 
manner, to address specific threats, or on an as-needed 
basis. Such teams may also be used on a more limited 
basis for the security of other transportation modes and 
to support other homeland security missions, as deter-
mined appropriate by the Secretary of Homeland Security. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section— 
(1) $23,900,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
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(2) $20,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 
through 2022. 
SEC. 105. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY INSPEC-
TORS. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Sub-
section (j) of section 1304 of the Implementing Rec-
ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (Pub-
lic Law 110–53; 6 U.S.C. 1113) is amended by striking 
‘‘this section’’ and all that follows through the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘this section such sums as may be 
necessary for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022.’’. 
(b) STRATEGY.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 
the Transportation Security Administration shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees and the 
Comptroller General of the United States a strategy to 
guide operations of surface transportation security inspec-
tors that addresses the following: 
(1) Any limitations in data systems for such in-
spectors, as identified by the Comptroller General. 
(2) Alignment of operations with risk assess-
ment findings, including an approach to identifying 
and prioritizing entities and locations for inspec-
tions. 
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(3) Measurable objectives for the surface trans-
portation security inspectors program. 
(c) COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW.—Not later 
than 180 days after the submission of the strategy re-
quired under subsection (b), the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall review such strategy and, as ap-
propriate, issue recommendations. 
SEC. 106. FRONTLINE EMPLOYEE SECURITY TRAINING. 
(a) TIMELINE.—Not later than 60 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Home-
land Security shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees and the Inspector General of the De-
partment of Homeland Security a report on the status of 
regulations for a security training program to prepare 
transportation employees for potential security threats 
and conditions as set forth in sections 1408, 1517, and 
1534 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1137, 1167, and 1184) 
that includes a timeline for the issuance of a final rule-
making subsequent to the December 16, 2016, publication 
in the Federal Register of a notice of proposed rule-
making. 
(b) INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW.—Not later than 
120 days after submission of the report under subsection 
(a), the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
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Security shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a review of such report that includes informa-
tion on— 
(1) departmental efforts to finalize rulemaking; 
and 
(2) recommendations, as necessary, to ensure 
implementation of the regulations referred to in sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 107. LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT SECURITY TRAINING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity, in consultation with public and private sector stake-
holders, may develop, through the Federal Law Enforce-
ment Training Center, a training program to enhance the 
protection, preparedness, and response capabilities of law 
enforcement agencies to a terrorist attack against a sur-
face transportation asset. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—If the Secretary of Homeland 
Security develops the training program described in sub-
section (a), such training program shall— 
(1) be informed by current information regard-
ing terrorist tactics; 
(2) include tactical instruction tailored to the 
diverse nature of the surface transportation asset 
operational environment; and 
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(3) prioritize training officers from law enforce-
ment agencies that are eligible for the Homeland Se-
curity Grant Program under section 2002 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 603) and 
officers employed by railroad carriers that operate 
interstate passenger service. 
TITLE II—SECURITY STRATEGY, 
ASSESSMENTS, AND RESEARCH 
SEC. 201. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SE-
CURITY REVIEW. 
Not later than one year after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall evaluate the degree to which the 2016 Bien-
nial National Strategy for Transportation Security, as re-
quired pursuant to section 114(s) of title 49, United 
States Code, that was issued on August 11, 2016, by the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administra-
tion, is reflected in Federal transportation security pro-
grams, budgets, research, and related efforts and, in car-
rying out such evaluation, shall consider the degree to 
which— 
(1) such strategy is sufficiently forward-looking 
to guide future Federal efforts; 
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(2) Federal programs, budgets, staffing levels, 
research, and related efforts for fiscal year 2018 and 
beyond are guided by such strategy; and 
(3) the annual progress reports submitted to 
Congress pursuant to such section subsequent to the 
issuance of such strategy provide information on the 
degree to which such strategy guides Federal efforts. 
SEC. 202. RISK SCENARIOS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall annually develop, consistent with the transpor-
tation modal security plans required under section 114(s) 
of title 49, United States Code, risk-based priorities based 
on risk assessments conducted or received by the Sec-
retary across all transportation modes that consider 
threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences. 
(b) SCENARIOS.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall ensure that the risk-based priorities identified 
pursuant to subsection (a) are informed by analysis of ter-
rorist attack scenarios for each transportation mode, in-
cluding cyber attack scenarios and intelligence and open 
source information about current and evolving threats. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after each de-
velopment under subsection (a), the Secretary of Home-
land Security shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that includes the following: 
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(1) Copies of the risk assessments for each 
transportation mode. 
(2) A summary that ranks the risks within and 
across modes. 
(3) A description of the risk-based priorities for 
securing the transportation sector that identifies and 
prioritizes the greatest security needs of the trans-
portation sector, both across and within modes, in 
the order that such priorities should be addressed. 
(4) Information on the underlying methodolo-
gies used to assess risks across and within each 
transportation mode and the basis for any assump-
tions regarding threats, vulnerabilities, and con-
sequences made in assessing and prioritizing risks 
within and across modes. 
(d) CLASSIFICATION.—The report required under 
subsection (c) may be submitted in a classified format or 
unclassified format, as appropriate. 
SEC. 203. ASSESSMENTS AND SECURITY PLANS. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees and the Inspector General of the Department 
of Homeland Security a report on the status of regulations 
requiring assessments and security plans as set forth in 
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sections 1405, 1512, and 1531 of the Implementing Rec-
ommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
U.S.C. 1134, 1162, and 1181) that includes a timeline 
for the issuance of a final rulemaking subsequent to the 
December 16, 2016, publication in the Federal Register 
of an advance notice of proposed rulemaking. 
(b) INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW.—Not later than 
120 days after submission of the report under subsection 
(a), the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
Security shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a review of such report that includes informa-
tion on— 
(1) departmental efforts to finalize rulemaking; 
and 
(2) recommendations, as necessary, to ensure 
implementation of the regulations referred to in sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 204. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (h) of section 1409 of 
the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis-
sion Act of 2007 (Public Law 110–53; 6 U.S.C. 1138) 
is amended by striking ‘‘to make grants’’ and all that fol-
lows through the period at the end and inserting ‘‘to carry 
out this section such sums as may be necessary for each 
of fiscal years 2018 through 2022.’’. 
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(b) EMERGING ISSUES.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report regarding technological, 
privacy, and operational considerations with respect to the 
potential for— 
(1) next generation technologies to be inte-
grated into systems of surface transportation assets 
to detect explosives, including through the deploy-
ment of mobile explosives detection technologies to 
conduct risk-based passenger and property screening 
at high-risk passenger rail and public transportation 
systems; 
(2) providing passenger rail and public trans-
portation system operators with access to the Trans-
portation Security Administration’s Secure Flight 
Program or a similar passenger vetting system 
maintained by the Transportation Security Adminis-
tration; 
(3) deploying a credential authentication tech-
nology or other means of identification document in-
spection to high-risk passenger rail and public trans-
portation systems to assist operators conducting 
passenger vetting; and 
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(4) deploying scalable, cost-effective technology 
solutions to detect chemical, biological, radiological, 
nuclear, or explosive threats within high-risk pas-
senger rail and public transportation systems that 
are capable of passive, continuous, and real-time 
sensing and detection of, and alerting passengers 
and operating personnel to, the presence of such a 
threat. 
SEC. 205. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CAPABILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Trans-
portation Security Administration may establish a task 
force to collaborate with public and private sector stake-
holders to identify and develop an innovative technology 
or capability with the potential to enhance transportation 
security, including by— 
(1) conducting a field demonstration of such a 
technology or capability in an operational environ-
ment; 
(2) gathering performance data from such a 
demonstration to inform the acquisition process; and 
(3) providing funding and promoting efforts to 
enable participation in a demonstration by a small 
business that has an innovative technology or capa-
bility but does not have adequate resources to par-
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