‘‘(3) take an adverse employment action against 
an employee for— 
‘‘(A) conduct described under paragraphs 
(1) or (2); or 
‘‘(B) encouraging employees to engage in 
conduct described in such paragraphs. 
‘‘(c) LIMITATIONS RELATING
TO DISCUSSION
OF 
WAGES.—(1) An employer may impose reasonable time, 
place, and manner limitations on conduct described under 
subsection (b) if such limitations are written and available 
to each employee. 
‘‘(2) Such limitations may include a prohibition on 
the discussion by an employee of the wages of another em-
ployee if such employee did not voluntarily disclose the 
wages of such employee. 
‘‘(d) SALARY EXPECTATION CONVERSATION.—Noth-
ing in this section shall be construed to prevent an em-
ployer from— 
‘‘(1) inquiring about the salary expectations of 
a prospective employee; or 
‘‘(2) providing information to such employee 
about the compensation and benefits offered in rela-
tion to the position. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘wage 
history’ means the wages paid to the prospective employee 
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by the prospective employee’s current employer or previous 
employer.’’. 
(b) PENALTY.—Section 16 of such Act (29 U.S.C. 
216) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(f) Any person who violates the provisions of section 
8 shall be liable to each employee for an amount equal 
to the sum of— 
‘‘(1) $2,000 for a first offense, increased by an 
additional $500 for each subsequent offense, not to 
exceed $5,000; and 
‘‘(2) with respect to an employee of the em-
ployer, the amount that the employee would have re-
ceived but for such violation and the amount actu-
ally received by such employee.’’. 
SEC. 6. NEGOTIATION SKILLS TRAINING. 
(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Labor, 
after consultation with the Secretary of Education, 
is authorized to establish and carry out a grant pro-
gram. 
(2) GRANTS.—In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary of Labor may make grants on a competi-
tive basis to eligible entities to carry out negotiation 
skills training programs for the purposes of address-
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ing pay disparities, including through outreach to 
women and girls. 
(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—To be eligible to re-
ceive a grant under this subsection, an entity shall 
be a public agency, such as a State, a local govern-
ment in a metropolitan statistical area (as defined 
by the Office of Management and Budget), a State 
educational agency, or a local educational agency, a 
private nonprofit organization, or a community- 
based organization. 
(4) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a 
grant under this subsection, an entity shall submit 
an application to the Secretary of Labor at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such informa-
tion as the Secretary of Labor may require. 
(5) USE OF FUNDS.—An entity that receives a 
grant under this subsection shall use the funds made 
available through the grant to carry out an effective 
negotiation skills training program for the purposes 
described in paragraph (2). 
(b) INCORPORATING TRAINING INTO EXISTING PRO-
GRAMS.—The Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of 
Education shall issue regulations or policy guidance that 
provides for integrating the negotiation skills training, to 
the extent practicable, into programs authorized under— 
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(1) in the case of the Secretary of Education, 
the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.), the Carl D. Perkins 
Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 
U.S.C. 2301 et seq.), the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.), and other programs 
carried out by the Department of Education that the 
Secretary of Education determines to be appro-
priate; and 
(2) in the case of the Secretary of Labor, the 
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 
U.S.C. 3101 et seq.), and other programs carried 
out by the Department of Labor that the Secretary 
of Labor determines to be appropriate. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 
the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Education, shall prepare and submit to Congress a re-
port describing the activities conducted under this section 
and evaluating the effectiveness of such activities in 
achieving the purposes of this section. 
SEC. 7. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STUDY. 
The Comptroller General shall, not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit 
to Congress a study on the causes and effects of— 
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(1) pay disparities among men and women; 
(2) with respect to employees that leave the 
workforce for parental reasons (commonly referred 
to as the ‘‘Manager’s Gap’’), the impact on pay and 
opportunity potential; and 
(3) the disparities in negotiation skills among 
men and women upon entering the workforce. 
Æ 
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