ment under subsection (a) and any legislative rec-
ommendations of the Secretary. 
(e) GUIDANCE.—Not later than 180 days after the 
submission of the report under subsection (d), the Sec-
retary may issue guidance to improve pipeline safety infor-
mation sharing with the public and other interested par-
ties to advance pipeline safety. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—The definitions contained in sec-
tion 60101(a) of title 49, United States Code, shall apply 
to this section. 
SEC. 29. ASSESSMENT OF CERTAIN PIPELINE SAFETY DEFI-
NITIONS. 
(a) EVALUATION.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transpor-
tation 
shall 
evaluate 
the 
definition 
in 
section 
192.5(b)(3)(ii) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, 
and the definition of identified site in section 192.903 of 
title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to determine the 
adequacy for protecting buildings and occupied outdoor fa-
cilities from pipeline safety incidents. 
(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out the evalua-
tion under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider— 
(1) whether to revise the definition of the occu-
pancy counts of these areas; 
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(2) whether consistency in minimum occupancy 
thresholds throughout part 192 of title 49, Code of 
Federal Regulations, would improve safety; and 
(3) whether defining the occupancy counts in 
these areas as 20 or more persons on at least a total 
of 50 days within any 12-month period would im-
prove— 
(A) safety; and 
(B) the efficiency of carrying out class de-
terminations. 
(c) MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS.—The Secretary 
shall issue such regulations as the Secretary determines 
necessary to modify the definitions in subsection (a) to 
increase safety for the protection of buildings and occupied 
outdoor facilities from pipeline safety incidents. 
SEC. 30. REPORT ASSESSING THE COSTS OF PIPELINE FAIL-
URES. 
(a) REPORT ASSESSING THE COSTS OF PIPELINE 
FAILURES.—Not later than 180 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
enter into an agreement with the National Academies 
under which the National Academies shall, not later than 
3 years after such date of enactment, conduct a study of 
the direct and indirect costs related to the failure or shut-
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down of a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline 
facility. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The study described under sub-
section (a) may include an analysis of— 
(1) the direct and indirect costs related to a 
failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or 
carbon dioxide pipeline facility, including local, 
State, and Tribal community emergency response 
costs, local, State, and Tribal planning for emer-
gency response, and local, State, and Tribal commu-
nity impact costs of loss of product; 
(2) the costs to an operator of such a facility 
of complying with enforcement actions related to a 
pipeline facility failure or shutdown, such as correc-
tive action or consent orders, safety orders, and 
emergency orders; 
(3) the direct and indirect costs related to fail-
ure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, or car-
bon dioxide pipeline facility resulting from a cyber 
attack or intrusion, including any economic and sup-
ply chain impacts; 
(4) the impact to emergency response planning 
and resources of local communities, operators of gas, 
hazardous liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facilities, 
and the State, Federal, local, and Tribal govern-
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ments in responding to and mitigating the impacts 
of a failure or shutdown of a gas, hazardous liquid, 
or carbon dioxide pipeline facility; 
(5) the costs of environmental remediation re-
sulting from a gas, hazardous liquid, or carbon diox-
ide pipeline facility failure or shutdown; 
(6) the economic impact of a gas, hazardous 
liquid, or carbon dioxide pipeline facility failure or 
shutdown, including— 
(A) increases in product costs; 
(B) damage to public and private property; 
and 
(C) the potential costs of moving gas, haz-
ardous liquid, or carbon dioxide by other means 
of transportation, including by rail, truck, and 
barge; and 
(7) increased energy costs to households and 
businesses reliant on the movement of the gas, haz-
ardous liquid or carbon dioxide due to the shutdown 
or failure of a pipeline facility. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the study under 
subsection (a), the National Academies shall consult with 
economists, State, Federal, local, and Tribal governments, 
emergency management officials, and pipeline stake-
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holders, including pipeline facility operators and public 
safety and environmental groups. 
(d) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Upon completion of the 
study conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall— 
(1) require the National Academies to submit to 
the Secretary a report on such study; and 
(2) submit to the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure and the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation of the Senate a report containing the re-
sults of such study. 
SEC. 31. STUDY ON LOCALIZED EMERGENCY ALERT SYS-
TEM FOR PIPELINE FACILITIES INCIDENTS. 
(a) GAO REVIEW.—Not later than 18 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall submit to the Secretary of 
Transportation, the Committee on Transportation and In-
frastructure and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a 
study assessing— 
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100 
(1) the need and feasibility of requiring owners 
and operators of covered facilities to establish and 
maintain a localized emergency alert system; and 
(2) whether such an alert system would be best 
maintained by State, Tribal, or local emergency 
management officials or owners and operators of 
such facilities. 
(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—In conducting the study 
under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall— 
(1) consider the feasibility, benefits, costs, and 
safety impacts to affected stakeholders, including 
owners and operators of covered facilities, the public, 
and State and local emergency management officials, 
of requiring a localized emergency alert system; 
(2) consider whether a localized emergency alert 
system can be established by such owners and opera-
tors or incorporated into existing public alert, broad-
cast, and electronic emergency alert systems, includ-
ing by assessing— 
(A) whether a localized emergency alert 
system established and maintained by an owner 
or operator of a covered facility would conflict 
with, or impede the operation of, existing emer-
gency alert systems; 
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