II 
Calendar No. 472 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1567 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
NOVEMBER 6, 2007 
Received; read twice and placed on the calendar 
AN ACT 
To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to provide 
increased assistance for the prevention, treatment, and 
control of tuberculosis, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stop Tuberculosis 
(TB) Now Act of 2007’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Tuberculosis is one of the greatest infec-
tious causes of death of adults worldwide, killing 1.6 
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million people per year—one person every 20 sec-
onds. 
(2) One-third of the world’s population is in-
fected with the tuberculosis bacterium and an esti-
mated 8.8 million individuals develop active tuber-
culosis each year. 
(3) Tuberculosis is the leading infectious killer 
among individuals who are HIV-positive due to their 
weakened immune systems, and it is estimated that 
one-third of people with HIV infection have tuber-
culosis. 
(4) Today, tuberculosis is a leading killer of 
women of reproductive age. 
(5) There are 22 countries that account for 80 
percent of the world’s burden of tuberculosis. The 
People’s Republic of China and India account for 36 
percent of all estimated new tuberculosis cases each 
year. 
(6) Driven by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, inci-
dence rates of tuberculosis in Africa have more than 
doubled on average since 1990. The problem is so 
pervasive that in August 2005, African Health Min-
isters and the World Health Organization (WHO) 
declared tuberculosis to be an emergency in Africa. 
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(7) The wide extent of drug resistance, includ-
ing both multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR– 
TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis 
(XDR–TB), represents both a critical challenge to 
the global control of tuberculosis and a serious 
worldwide public health threat. XDR–TB, which is 
characterized as being MDR–TB with additional re-
sistance to multiple second-line anti-tuberculosis 
drugs, is associated with worst treatment outcomes 
of any form of tuberculosis. XDR–TB is converging 
with the HIV epidemic, undermining gains in HIV 
prevention and treatment programs and requires ur-
gent interventions. Drug resistance surveillance re-
ports have confirmed the serious scale and spread of 
tuberculosis with XDR–TB strains confirmed on six 
continents. Demonstrating the lethality of XDR–TB, 
an initial outbreak in Tugela Ferry, South Africa, in 
2006 killed 52 of 53 patients with hundreds more 
cases reported since that time. Of the world’s re-
gions, sub-Saharan Africa, faces the greatest gap in 
capacity to prevent, find, and treat XDR–TB. 
(8) With more than 50 percent of tuberculosis 
cases in the United States attributable to foreign- 
born individuals and with the increase in inter-
national travel, commerce, and migration, elimi-
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nation of tuberculosis in the United States depends 
on efforts to control the disease in developing coun-
tries. Recent research has shown that to invest in 
tuberculosis control abroad, where treatment and 
program costs are significantly cheaper than in the 
United States, would be a cost-effective strategy to 
reduce tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality 
domestically. 
(9) The threat that tuberculosis poses for 
Americans derives from the global spread of tuber-
culosis and the emergence and spread of strains of 
multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and extensively 
drug resistant tuberculosis, which are far more 
deadly, and more difficult and costly to treat. 
(10) DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment 
Short-course) is one of the most cost-effective health 
interventions available today and is a core compo-
nent of the new Stop TB Strategy. 
(11) The Stop TB Strategy, developed by the 
World Health Organization, builds on the success of 
DOTS and ongoing challenges so as to serve all 
those in need and reach targets for prevalence, mor-
tality, and incidence reduction. The Stop TB Strat-
egy includes six components: 
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