SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 
Science for the Future Act’’. 
SEC. 2. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE. 
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(d) USER FACILITIES.—The Director shall carry 
out the construction, operation, and maintenance of user 
facilities to support the mission described in subsection 
(c). As practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs 
of the Department, industry, the academic community, 
and other relevant entities for the purposes of advancing 
the missions of the Department, improving the competi-
tiveness of the United States, protecting public health and 
safety, and addressing other national priorities including 
emergencies. 
‘‘(e) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary— 
‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of the 
Office of Science with the other activities of the 
Department; 
‘‘(B) shall support joint activities among 
the programs of the Department;
‘‘(C) shall coordinate with other relevant 
Federal agencies in supporting advancements in 
related research areas as appropriate; and 
‘‘(D) may form partnerships to enhance 
the utilization of and ensure access to user fa-
cilities by other Federal agencies. 
‘‘(2) OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—The Director— 
‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of pro-
grams and activities carried out by the Office of 
Science; and 
‘‘(B) shall direct all programs which have 
not recently completed a future planning road-
map consistent with the funding of such pro-
grams authorized under the Department of En-
ergy Science for the Future Act to complete 
such a roadmap.’’. 
SEC. 3. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM. 
(a) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND INNO-
VATION ACT.—Section 303 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) 
as subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so re-
designated, the following:
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out 
a research and development program in basic energy 
sciences, including materials sciences and engineering, 
chemical sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, and 
other disciplines, to understand, model, and control matter 
and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels 
in order to provide the foundations for new energy tech-
nologies, address scientific grand challenges, and support 
the energy, environment, and national security missions 
of the Department. 
‘‘(b) SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY.—In carrying out 
chemistry-related research and development activities 
under this section, the Director shall prioritize research 
and development of sustainable chemistry to support 
clean, safe, and economic alternatives and methodologies 
to traditional chemical products and processes.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated— 
(A) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph 
(D) as subparagraph (E); and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(C) the following: 
‘‘(D) autonomous chemistry and materials 
synthesis and characterization facilities that le-
verage advances in artificial intelligence; and’’; 
and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means 
the rate of flow of photons. 
‘‘(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘hard 
x-ray’ means a photon with energy greater 
than 20 kiloelectron volts. 
‘‘(B) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Pho-
ton Source described in the publication ap-
proved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on 
Facility Upgrades’, including the development 
of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a 
high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x- 
ray energy region and a suite of beamlines opti-
mized for this source.
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc-
curs before March 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph 
$101,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2022 
and 
$56,000,000 for fiscal year 2023. 
‘‘(5) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
PROTON 
POWER UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the proton power upgrade to the 
Spallation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) 
PROTON
POWER
UPGRADE
DE-
FINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 
the term ‘proton power upgrade’ means the 
Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade de-
scribed in— 
‘‘(i) the publication titled ‘Facilities 
for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of
Science of the Department of Energy in 
December, 2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication titled ‘Four Years 
Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for 
the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy in 
August, 2007; and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc-
curs before July 30, 2028, with the option for 
early operation in 2025. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph 
$49,800,000 for fiscal year 2022. 
‘‘(6) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
SECOND 
TARGET STATION.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for a second target station for the 
Spallation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) 
SECOND
TARGET
STATION
DE-
FINED.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 
the term ‘second target station’ means the 
Spallation Neutron Source second target station 
described in— 
‘‘(i) the publication titled, ‘Facilities 
for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy in 
December, 2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication titled, ‘Four 
Years Later: An Interim Report on Facili-
ties for the Future of Science: A Twenty- 
Year Outlook’, published by the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy in 
August, 2007; and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the second target station under this 
paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, 
with the option for early operation in 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities under this paragraph, 
including construction— 
‘‘(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026. 
‘‘(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means 
the rate of flow of photons. 
‘‘(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘soft x- 
ray’ means a photon with energy in the 
range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts.
‘‘(B) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’, 
including 
the 
development 
of 
a 
multibend achromat lattice to produce a high 
flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray en-
ergy region. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc-
curs before September 30, 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and
‘‘(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(8) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 
ENERGY UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term 
‘high energy x-ray’ means a photon with 
an energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt 
range. 
‘‘(ii) HIGH
REPETITION
RATE.—The 
term ‘high repetition rate’ means the deliv-
ery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses 
per second. 
‘‘(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.— 
The term ‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’ means 
x-ray bursts capable of durations of less 
than 100 femtoseconds. 
‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) provide for the upgrade to the 
Linac Coherent Light Source II facility de-
scribed in the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’, including the development of 
experimental capabilities for high energy x-
rays to reveal fundamental scientific dis-
coveries; and 
‘‘(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
production and use of high energy, ultra- 
short pulse x-rays delivered at a high rep-
etition rate. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the upgrade under this paragraph oc-
curs before December 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 
2022; 
‘‘(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026.
‘‘(9) CRYOMODULE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE 
FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the construction of a cryomodule re-
pair and maintenance facility to service the 
Linac Coherent Light Source II and upgrades 
to the facility. The Secretary shall consult with 
the private sector, universities, National Lab-
oratories, and relevant Federal agencies to en-
sure that this facility has the capability to 
maintain, repair, and test superconducting ra-
diofrequency accelerator components. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; and 
‘‘(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025. 
‘‘(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER 
RECAPITALIZATION PROJECT.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale 
Science Research Centers, to include the up-
grade of equipment at each Center supported 
by the Office of Science on the date of enact-
ment of the Department of Energy Science for 
the Future Act, to accelerate advances in the 
various fields of science including nanoscience, 
materials, chemistry, biology, and quantum in-
formation science. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (j), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out the recapitalization under this para-
graph— 
‘‘(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; and 
‘‘(iv) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025.’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL 
SCIENCES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
a program of research and development for the ap-
plication of advanced computing practices to 
foundational and emerging research problems in 
chemistry and materials science. Research activities 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) chemical catalysis research and devel-
opment; 
‘‘(B) the use of large data sets to model 
materials phenomena, including through ad-
vanced characterization of materials, materials 
synthesis, processing, and innovative use of ex-
perimental and theoretical data; 
‘‘(C) co-design of chemical system and 
chemistry modeling software with advanced 
computing systems and hardware technologies; 
and 
‘‘(D) modeling of chemical processes, as-
semblies, and reactions such as molecular dy-
namics and quantum chemistry, including 
through novel computing methods. 
‘‘(2) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEM-
ICAL SCIENCES CENTERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
activities authorized under paragraph (1), the
Director shall select and establish up to six 
computational materials and chemical sciences 
centers to— 
‘‘(i) develop open-source, robust, and 
validated computational codes and user- 
friendly software, coupled with innovative 
use of experimental and theoretical data, 
to enable the design, discovery, and devel-
opment of new materials and chemical sys-
tems; and 
‘‘(ii) focus on overcoming challenges 
and maximizing the benefits of exascale 
and other high performance computing 
underpinned by accelerated node tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall se-
lect centers under subparagraph (A) on a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director 
shall consider applications from the National 
Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
multi-institutional collaborations, and other ap-
propriate entities. 
‘‘(C) DURATION.— 
‘‘(i) A center selected under subpara-
graph (A) shall receive support for a pe-
riod of not more than 5 years beginning on 
the date of establishment of that center, 
subject to the availability of appropria-
tions. 
‘‘(ii) A center already in existence on 
the date of enactment of the Department 
of Energy Science for the Future Act may 
continue to receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years beginning on the 
date of establishment of that center. 
‘‘(D) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of 
any period of support of a center under this 
subsection, the Director may renew support for 
the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a pe-
riod of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(E) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the 
existing authorities of the Department, the Di-
rector may terminate an underperforming cen-
ter for cause during the performance period. 
‘‘(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
the development of a web-based platform to develop 
and provide access to a database of computed infor-
mation on known and predicted materials properties
and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs 
in materials discovery and design. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct cooperative research with in-
dustry, academia, and other research institu-
tions to advance understanding, prediction, and 
manipulation of materials and facilitate the de-
sign of novel materials; 
‘‘(B) develop and maintain data infrastruc-
ture at user facilities that generate data to col-
lect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the 
data for inclusion in the database; 
‘‘(C) leverage existing high performance 
computing systems to conduct high throughput 
calculations, and develop computational and 
data mining algorithms for the prediction of 
material properties; 
‘‘(D) strengthen the foundation for new 
technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 
‘‘(E) drive the development of advanced 
materials for applications that span the Depart-
ment’s missions in energy, environment, and 
national security.
‘‘(3) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall leverage programs and ac-
tivities across the Department, including computa-
tional materials and chemical sciences centers estab-
lished under subsection (h). 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be 
made available to the Secretary to carry out activi-
ties under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $2,727,705,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $2,828,896,600 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $3,019,489,612 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $3,161,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $3,291,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.—Section 973 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the
Secretary shall make available for carrying out ac-
tivities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Sec-
retary shall make available for carrying out activities 
under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.’’. 
(c) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16315) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the 
Secretary shall make available for carrying out ac-
tivities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Sec-
retary shall make available for carrying out activities 
under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Sec-
retary shall make available for carrying out activities 
under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2022 through 2026.’’. 
SEC. 4. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM; BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; BIOMOLEC-
ULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAGING SCIENCE.—Sec-
tion 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Inno-
vation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the duties of the Director 
authorized under section 209 of the Department of En-
ergy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated 
with the activities authorized under sections 303 and 304 
of this Act, the Director shall carry out a program of re-
search and development in the areas of biological systems
science and climate and environmental science, including 
subsurface science, relevant to the development of new en-
ergy technologies and to support the energy, environ-
mental, and national security missions of the Department. 
‘‘(b) BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS.—The Director shall 
carry out research and development activities in genomic 
science including fundamental research on plants and mi-
crobes to increase systems-level understanding of the com-
plex biological systems, which may include activities to— 
‘‘(1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowl-
edge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable 
production of— 
‘‘(A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
fuels; 
‘‘(B) bioenergy; and 
‘‘(C) biobased materials from renewable 
biomass; 
‘‘(2) improve fundamental understanding of 
plant and microbial processes impacting the global 
carbon cycle, including processes for removing car-
bon dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosyn-
thesis and other biological processes, for sequestra-
tion and storage;
‘‘(3) understand the microbiome mechanisms 
used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami-
nants from subsurface environments; 
‘‘(4) develop the computational approaches and 
integrated platforms for open access collaborative 
science; 
‘‘(5) leverage tools and approaches across the 
Office of Science to expand research to include novel 
processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based 
chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including 
research to— 
‘‘(A) advance biosystems design research 
to advance the understanding of how CRISPR 
tools and other gene editing tools and tech-
nologies work in nature, in the laboratory, and 
in practice; 
‘‘(B) deepen genome-enabled knowledge of 
root architecture and growth in crops, including 
trees; and 
‘‘(C) develop biosystems design methods 
and tools to increase the efficiency of photosyn-
thesis in plants; and 
‘‘(6) develop other relevant methods and proc-
esses as determined by the Director.
‘‘(c) BIOMOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAG-
ING SCIENCE.—The Director shall carry out research and 
development activities in biomolecular characterization 
and imaging science, including development of integrative 
imaging and analysis platforms and biosensors to under-
stand the expression, structure, and function of genome 
information encoded within cells and for real-time meas-
urements in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the 
mission of the Department of Energy.’’; and 
(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) 
as subsections (d) through (f), respectively. 
(b) 
BIOENERGY
RESEARCH
CENTERS.—Section 
977(f) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16317(f)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under section 306(a) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644(a)), the Director shall support up to six bio-
energy research centers to conduct fundamental re-
search in plant and microbial systems biology, bio-
logical imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to 
accelerate advanced research and development of 
biomass-based liquid transportation fuels, bioenergy, 
or biobased materials, chemicals, and products that
are produced from a variety of regionally diverse 
feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of re-
search results to industry. The activities of the cen-
ters authorized under this subsection may include— 
‘‘(A) accelerating the domestication of bio-
energy-relevant plants, microbes, and associated 
microbial communities to enable high-impact, 
value-added coproduct development at multiple 
points in the bioenergy supply chain; 
‘‘(B) developing the science and techno-
logical advances to ensure process sustainability 
is considered in the creation of biofuels and bio-
products from lignocellulose; and 
‘‘(C) using the latest tools in genomics, 
molecular biology, catalysis science, chemical 
engineering, systems biology, and computational 
and robotics technologies to sustainably produce 
and transform biomass into biofuels and bio-
products. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A center established 
under paragraph (1) shall be selected on a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
more than 5 years, subject to the availability of
appropriations, beginning on the date of estab-
lishment of that center. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—The Director shall 
consider applications from National Labora-
tories, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING
CENTERS.—A center al-
ready in existence on the date of enactment of 
the Department of Energy Science for the Fu-
ture Act may continue to receive support for a 
period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
the date of establishment of that center. 
‘‘(3) RENEWAL.—After the end of either period 
described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew 
support for the center for a period of not more than 
5 years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center in 
operation for 10 years after its previous selection on 
a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director 
may renew support for the center on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 
5 years, and may subsequently provide an additional 
renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
more than 5 years. 
‘‘(4) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist-
ing authorities of the Department, the Director may
terminate an underperforming center for cause dur-
ing the performance period. 
‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—Centers shall undertake re-
search activities to accelerate the production of 
biofuels and bioproducts from advanced biomass re-
sources by identifying the most suitable species of 
plants for use as energy crops; and improving meth-
ods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, 
harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may 
include the following: 
‘‘(A) Research activities to increase sus-
tainability, including— 
‘‘(i) advancing knowledge of how bio-
energy crop interactions with biotic and 
abiotic environmental factors influence 
crop growth, yield, and quality; 
‘‘(ii) identifying the most impactful 
research areas that address the economics 
of biofuels and bioproducts production; and 
‘‘(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to 
advance predictive understanding of biofuel 
cropping ecosystems. 
‘‘(B) Research activities to further feed-
stock development, including lignocellulosic, 
algal, gaseous wastes including carbon oxides
and methane, and direct air capture of single 
carbon gases via plants and microbes, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) developing genetic and genomic 
tools, high-throughput analytical tools, and 
biosystems design approaches to enhance 
bioenergy feedstocks and their associated 
microbiomes; 
‘‘(ii) conducting field testing of new 
potential bioenergy feedstock crops under 
environmentally benign and geographically 
diverse conditions to assess viability and 
robustness; and 
‘‘(iii) developing quantitative models 
informed by experimentation to predict 
how bioenergy feedstocks perform under 
diverse conditions. 
‘‘(C) 
Research 
activities 
to 
improve 
lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation 
methods, including— 
‘‘(i) 
developing 
feedstock-agnostic 
deconstruction processes capable of effi-
ciently fractionating biomass into targeted 
output streams;
‘‘(ii) gaining a detailed understanding 
of plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, 
structure, 
and 
properties 
during 
deconstruction; and 
‘‘(iii) improving enzymes and ap-
proaches for biomass breakdown and cel-
lulose, hemicellulose, and lignin processing. 
‘‘(D) Research activities to improve the 
feedstock conversion process for advanced 
biofuels and bioproducts, including— 
‘‘(i) developing high-throughput meth-
ods to screen or select high-performance 
microbial strains and communities to im-
prove product formation rates, yields, and 
selectivity; 
‘‘(ii) establishing a broad set of plat-
form microorganisms and microbial com-
munities suitable for metabolic engineering 
to produce biofuels and bioproducts, as 
well as high-throughput methods for exper-
imental validation of gene function; 
‘‘(iii) developing techniques to en-
hance microbial robustness for tolerating 
toxins to improve biofuel and bioproduct 
yields and to gain a better understanding
of the cellular and molecular bases of toler-
ance for major chemical classes of inhibi-
tors found in these processes; 
‘‘(iv) advancing technologies for the 
use of batch, continuous, as well as con-
solidated bioprocessing; 
‘‘(v) identifying, creating, and opti-
mizing microbial and chemical pathways to 
produce promising, atom-economical inter-
mediates and final bioproducts from bio-
mass with considerations given to environ-
mentally benign processes; 
‘‘(vi) 
developing 
high-throughput, 
real-time, in situ analytical techniques to 
understand and characterize the pre- and 
post-bioproduct separation streams in de-
tail; 
‘‘(vii) creating methodologies for effi-
ciently identifying viable target molecules, 
identifying high-value bioproducts in exist-
ing biomass streams, and utilizing current 
byproduct streams; 
‘‘(viii) identifying and improving plant 
feedstocks with enhanced extractable levels
of desired bioproducts or bioproduct pre-
cursors, including lignin streams; and 
‘‘(ix) developing integrated biological 
and chemical catalytic approaches to 
valorize and produce a diverse portfolio of 
advanced fuels and bioproducts. 
‘‘(6) INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS.—Centers shall 
establish industry partnerships to translate research 
results to commercial applications. 
‘‘(7) COORDINATION.—In coordination with the 
Bioenergy Technologies Office of the Department, 
the Director shall support interdisciplinary research 
activities to improve the capacity, efficiency, resil-
ience, security, reliability, and affordability, of the 
production and use of biofuels and bioproducts, as 
well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid 
the potential negative impacts that the production 
and use of biofuels and bioproducts may have on 
ecosystems, people, and historically marginalized 
communities.’’. 
(c) LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
Section 306(e)(8) of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(e)(8)), as redesig-
nated under subsection (a), is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(d) LOW-DOSE RADIATION AND SPACE RADIATION 
RESEARCH PROGRAM.—Section 306(f) of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644(d)), as redesignated under subsection (a), is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) LOW-DOSE RADIATION AND SPACE RADIATION 
RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, 
in consultation with the Administrator of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall 
carry out a basic research program on the similar-
ities and differences between the effects of exposure 
to low-dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, 
and in the space environment. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this program 
is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low 
dose-rate radiation research and development as de-
scribed in subsection (e) and to inform the advance-
ment of new tools, technologies, and advanced mate-