APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the United States placed the cost in excess of $1,000,000,000, some contending that $1,350,000,000 is a sensibie and sane estimate. That these industrial engineers are pro- ceeding on a sound basis is very evident when we recall the estimates that were given for the construction of the Panama Canal. The original estimate of $160,000,000 was absurd when the final cost was revealed as 6376,- 000,000. Then, too, the Suez Canal was esti- mated at 830,000,000, but when completed the total cost was $80,000,000. It must aleo be borne in mind that pro- duction costs are now at a high point, and since we are again in a period of war emer- gency further increases are very likely. Aside from the great cost of this proposed project, let us keep in mind that we are being asked to construct this project at a time when the American people are faced with the necessity of building an adequate national defense against the threat of world communism that has engulfed us in war tn Korea—a war that many regard as the step- ping-stone to world war II. Why should we be asked at this critical period in world his- tory to divert our manpower, materials, and financta) resources to a project that cannot possibly be completed before 1956 or 1958, and when completed the seawey portion will be frozen over 5 months of each year? We have fought two World Wars in a space of 25 years and we did not need the St. Law- rence seaway to achieve victory. In fact, Mr, Charles E. Wilson, Director of Mobilization said in a recent speech, “The development of the St. Lawrence would take a long time. There are much more pressing problems if we are to win the war of production.” In addition, only 15 percent of the popula- tion of the United States will benefit from the St. Lawrence project, with the remaining 85 percent of American citizens being called upon to pay their share of the cost of con- atruction, estimated to exceed €1,000,000,000. In estimating the cost of construction, there has been little said concerning the cost of defending the St. Lawrence project. Military experts, however, are of the opinion that it will require over $1,000,000,000 to erect the necessary defenses at strategic lo- cations along the 1,677-mile front. In ad- dition, the maintenance cost of these defense posts cannot be ignored. For the mainte- nance cost of the channel and locks alone, more than $20,000,000 will be expended an- nually for the seaway part of the project. When we consider the cost of construction estimated to exceed $1,000,000,000 and add another $1,000,000,000 for the erection of defense posts requiring additional millions for maintenance costs, we can readily see that this proposed St. Lawrence project is destined-te: cost us billions of dollars. I am sure you wil] agree that this is a tidy sum of money to saddle on the already overburdened taxpayers of America, who are now paying the tax collector 35 cents out of every $1 they earn. For a moment, let us dwell on the effect the St. Lawrence seaway will have on the American market and transportation factl- ities. Upon completion, the St, Lawrence project wif open the Great Lakes to world shipping and within a few months you will have dirty, cheap, 1N-manned foreign tramp steamers fiying foreign flags dumping their cargoes at Great Lakes ports instead of on the Atlantic seaboard, as is being done at the present time. These forelgn vessels do not meet the standards of American shipping-—-in wages, living or sanitary conditions. As & result, it casts 8500 a day more to operate an American vessel as compared to the cost of operating a foreign tramp steamer. The average wage paid foreign seamen is about half of the amount paid our American sea- men. In addition the foreign vessels or thelr orewa pay no taxes. On the other hand, American shipping interests pay large taxes, only to see such revenue applied to buliding @ project that {gs establishing ruinous com-- petition and threatening to sabotage Ameri- can shipping and the American market, We have spent over $19,000,000,000 de- veloping our merchant marine, in which we take great pride. Yet, because of the size of American-flag ships and the fact they are being built larger, only about 9 percent of our merchant ships could use the proposed sea- way, while a greater number of larger for- eign vessels than sre now using the 14-foot waterway will be able to use the new seaway. Industries in the Great Lakes area should realize that if this St, Lawrence seaway is completed their fields, mines, factories, and forests will be brought into direct compe- tition with the slave type of labor that pre- vails in foreign countries. These foreign tramp steamers in addi- tion to disrupting the American market will deal a death blow to the transportation fa- cilities of our Nation, and to the anthracite and bituminous coal industry. At the present time American railroads employ more than a million American citi- zens, and'ioag trains carry millions of tons of freight to and from seaboard ports. It is estimated that American railroads will suf- fer an annual loss in freight revenue from $100,000.000 to 250,000,000 should the 8t. Lawrence seaway become a reality. These foreign tramp steamers will deprive the rail- roads of this freight traffic and the devastat- ing effect is more fully realized since every thousand tons of freight lost to the Ameri- can railroads mcane the elimination of one freight train. When you remove freight trains you destroy the jobs of railroaders. Thus we have foreign seamen on these dirty tramp steamers benefiting at the expense of the American railroad employees. Nor can we ignore the ill effects of the St. Lawrence projec’ on the coal industry of the United States. We must not forget that these tramp steamers coming into the Great Lakes region with cargoes of foreign coal will create a greater import market for subsidized and tariff-preferred coal of Great Britain, Nova Scotia, and Russia. This foreign coal, produced by cheap labor and transported at distress rates, will displace American coal produced at American mines under Ameri- can working conditions. This would be in addition to the competition of crude and fuel oll produced from foreign sources under the same conditions. The power part of the St. Lawrence project will produce hydroelectric power which will displace both in Canada and the United States the use of American-mined coal. And let us keep in mind that while this hydro- electric power may appear cheap, it, too, ts subsidized by the American taxpayer. Taking the importation of foreign-mined coal, and crude and fuel oil, together with the coal displaced by the power part of the St. Lawrence project, you will have destroyed &@ 35,000,000-ton American coal market. For every million tons of coal displaced we must keep in rind 1,000,000 man-days are lost to good American citizens in the mining and transpcrtation industries. The St. Lawrence project is nothing new. For the past 50 years it has been talked of at different intervals, only to be shunted aside as impractical and unsound. Now that we are engaged again in a gigantic effort to build an adequate national defense, advocates of this economic monatrosity have garbed it in the armor of natonal defense and present it to the American people, hopeful that pa- triotic fervor will cause the Nation to accept tt lock, stock, and barrel, Tn addition, the St. Lawrence seaway has been given the “new look” in the sudden in- terest taken in it by several amall Midwest ateel companies who are developing ore de- posits in the Labrador-Quebec area and who claim the seaway is needed to transport their ore to their respective planta, T submit that these midwestern steel companies should solve their problem of transportation them-~ A979 sélves and not expect the American tax- payers to subsidize them by providing the St. Lawrence seaway for their own selfish interests. Surely you good people in the State of Minnesota are not going to accapt a project that will permit fron ore to be dumped on the American market at a cheaper price and in competition with the ore from the groat Minnesota irom range; you good people in Michigan and Wisconsin are not content to see your great agricultural market destroyed by foreign competition and the wages of labor seriously menaced; you good people of the great Mississippi Valley should not be expected by your Government to see your great import and export market destroyed by foreign vessels plying our inland waters. We who live in the industrial States and on the seaboard are not being fooled by parading an old political pet—the St. Law- rence seaway—in the garb of national de- fense. Nor are we fooled by the efforts of the great State of New York, through politi«~ cal affiliations, to secure a power project benefiting mostly a small section of the State of New York. In joining us in defeating this political and economic monstrosity—the 8t. Lawrence project—you are enlisting in a cause that will repel an invasion of the righta of the American workingman and contribute to the general welfare of every American citi- zen. Yes, you will be giving voice to the sentiments that should be inscribed on every heart—let us preserve the home and the job of every American workingman. aan ene A Real Peace Program EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JACOB K. JAVITS OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 19, 1951 Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, the New York Times, in its lead editorial of Tues- day, February 20, suggests a basis for a program which if the Soviet Union agreed could really give the world the “long peace.” To this seven-point pro- gram I would add two additional points making nine points in all, as follows: (8) Agreement on the majority UN plan for inspection and control of atomic and other weapons of mass destruction; and (9) cooperation on broad-scale technical assistance and stimulation of requisite investment tn undeveloped and underdeveloped areas to raise standards of living and materially improve condi- tions of health and education. The edi~ torial follows: AGENDA rok THE Bra Four Despite Premier Stalin's latest blast against the West, the United States, Britain, and France have proposed to Moscow a March 5 meeting of their deputies in Paris to work out @ program for a conference of the For- eign Ministers of the four powers. The new western notes represent the sixth dip- lomatic exchange on the project of such & conference, launched by the Soviets last November. They reply particularly to the Soviet note of February 5, which appeared to accept the western demand for extending the discussions to all problems causing pres- ent world-wide tensions, but which did so in such a conditional form as to leave Mos- cow's final meaning obscure. However, rather than engage in further exchanges, the western powers have followed the French
A980 suggestion of leaving the clarifiestion of these obscurities to the deputies. Their Jatest communication ts phrased in such & manner as to require only a Soviet “Yes* to get the preliminary meeting under way. I? 8 new four-power conference ts to ae- complish anything worth while it must show & willingness to get down to business on the actual issues now agitating the world. These issues hinge not so much on German rearma- ment, however much the Soviets may wish to keep that question in the foreground, as on the whole problem of Soviet imperialism, aa manifested tn various aggressive actions since the wor, and on the urgent need for western gelf-defense, These actions are best summarized in the latest Britigh note relat- ing to the Soviet-British pect, and the points made in that note should form the basis for the agenda of any four-power conference to which the western democracies can agree. regarding them, are and should be: j. The imbalance between the vast Soviet armies and the western defensive forces, present or proposed—~an imbalance which can be cured only by establishing a balance of power which will reassure the world. 4. Soviet subjugation and rearmament of Eastern Xurope in violation of all wartime agreements and the peace treaties—a threat- ening situation which can be corrected only by the restoration of national and individ- ual liberties. 3. Ceasation of Soviet attempts to conquer nations by subversion, infiltration, coups d'état, and “civil ware,” as in Czechoslovakia, Greece, and Korea—a situation which calls for dissolution of the Cominform. 4. For Austria @ treaty af independence— which entails the withdrawal from Eastern Europe of Soviet forcee now supposed to be guarding Soviet communications to that country. 5. For Germany, unification—which in- volves the determination of borders now legally fixed as of December 81, 1987; the restoration of peraonal and political lbertics in the Soviet zone, as decreed in the Pots- dam agreement; restoration of German sov- ereignty and a peace treaty with an all- German Government, as provided in the Potedam agreement; and finally, assurance of German security by the dissolution of the budding German Red army in the Soviet gone and the establishment of adequate German security forces within a European framework. 6. Cesaation of Soviet sabotage of tho United Nations and sincere partic!pation in its work, including Soviet support for col- lective security and cessation of Soviet aid to aggressors. 7. Finally, lifting of the tron curtain. Buch a settlement is not likely to provoke enthusiasm in Moscow, but would be a set- tlement in keeping with all wartime agree- ments, beginning with the Atlantic Charter, and a settlement that would restore real peace. Until some such settlement is achieved the western powers must beware of dictators talking peaco while preparing for ‘war. Increase in Cost of Living Brings Addi- tional Worry for American Pensioners EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRECED'TATIVES Monday, February 26, 1952 group of trom the high cost of living than those who have to rely on pension checks. Sylvia Porter in her column in the Feb- ruary 6, 1951, issue of the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times tells the truth about the predicament of our elderly citizens in their battle with the high cost of living. Miss Porter's article follows: ‘Incezass mx Cost or Livinc Barvas Aporrroman Woary ror AMERICAN PENSIONERS (By Syivia Porter) In 1998, the enet of providing an elderly couple with a decent, bealthy standard of Jiving was $70 a month. Today, that same budget—allowing few, if any, of the smal) luxuries of living-——de- mands $115 and $120. Most elderly folks, dependent on pensions and ltving in decidediy moderate circum- stances, simply cannot obtain that extra $45 to 960. Thus, somehow, some way, they now must struggie along with only three-fifths of the goods and services considered necessities by the most objective nutrition eagmbts. And if they are to live above the sub- sistence level—are to have a few things be- yond thelr absolutely minimum physical pecde—their monthly budget today runs to 6160. Again, most elderly couples, relying on pension checks and efther too bewildered or too feeble to get outside jobs find this even moore impossible of attainment. Thus, to them, luxuries are just a dream. Subststence its their way of life. And the pensions that just a short while ago they thought would give them comfort in their older years are a crue] mockery. This dramatic iMustration of what infia- tion fs doing to the millions of pensioners in our land was outlined to me this week by Laurence D. De Trude of the National In- dustrial Conference Board. What is particularly painful about the fig- ures ts that they emphasize that this is hap- pening to our older folke—to our fathers and our mothers who worked a lifetime, scrimped and saved in the expectation of en- joying independent, proud later years. And what is particularly pertinent about this story now is that it shouts a deeply vital message and warning to those groupe who insist on fighting for greater and greater Anancial security—and yet, who are ignoring what inflation is doing to that security. Penstons and (pay checks) in terms of dol- lars mean Nttle in periods of this sort. The benefits make sense only when trans- lated into terms of food, clothing, shelter— what the money will buy in the market place. The food that coat 61 in January 1938 now costs $2.15. ae clothing that cost $1 then now costa e The housing that cost @1 then now costs 1.16. And on the same 61 comparison, house furnishings cost $1.68, Puel, gas, and electricity cost $1.33, Sundries cost $1.59, The cost of food and shelter alone is now as great as the total budget for an elderly couple before World War I—leaving noth- ing, just nothing, for all the rest. And as De Trude added, “the farther down the acale of living you go, the more disas- income ts spent on food. “The cost of foods commonly consumed by elderly 10 years, cutting m™ half the purchasing power of those living on smaller incomes.” Instead of being or indifferent followers in the battle’to meabtlise the dol- lar’s buying power, ell those with pension arrangements, with private retirement in- price of the APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD come policies, with special corporation retire~ ment deals, should be far in the lead, Otherwise their benefits won't mean much when they get around to colkecting them. There can be no financial security to all unless we stop this insane cost-of-living spiral. Just glance back at the few Agures in this report if you still womder why. Cotton Comment EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. E. C. GATHINGS OF ARKAMSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 195! Mr, GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, under Jeave to extend my remarks, I am in- cluding an article that appeared in the Commercial Appeal of Memphis, Tenn., on Wednesday, February 21, 1951: Corron CommEnr—Cost or Corron ne Man's Surat Incrzassp 10 Cents From 1948 to 1950, swr rims Cosr oF THs Sitiet Gainep $1.16 ug Same Peatonp—D1SarLe BAS Soiu- TION (By Gerald L. Dearing) If Price Stabilizer DiSalle means what he says in his price-control edicts—that whole- sale, retall, and other price margins will be held to the same dollars and cents level and not allowed to ftuctuate on a percentage Dasis—the price of raw cotton will have little, if any, effect on the selling price of the finished product. If, however, he allows the spinner, the weaver, the finisher, the converter, the job- ber, the wholesaler, and the retailer to main- tein percentage markups—that may be an- other story. ‘ It may surprise some people to learn that cotton goods have only a small place in the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index. Cotton’s place tn the total is only 2.3 percent. So, tf the price of cotton prod- ucts advanced 100 percent, it would have only a minor effect on the over-all index. Men‘s business shirts of the type which sold for $3.66 last December have a weight of only three-tenths percent in the over-all index, but there are other figures of more interest than that. It takes three-quarters of a pound of raw cotton to make a# shirt of this type. This allows for the waste in spinaiag, weaving, and in cutting the shirt. ‘Siuiediedmemation is supported by statistics from ‘tee War Pro- duction Board, the Civilian Production Ad- ministration, trade associations, and private manufacturers. Believe it or not, the cost of raw cotton ts only 8 percent of the retail price. This cotton shirt, which required three- quarters of a pound of middling 34-inch white cotton in 1946 still requires the same amount of cotton. The price of such cotton on January 8, 1946, was 27.20 cents a pound and the price of the cotton tn the shirt was 20 cents. The shirt retailed at $2.49, which made the cost of cotton im the shirt a mere 20 centa. The same shirt In December 1950 soli for 63.65, which reflects a price of 30 cents a pound for raw cotton or slightly more than 38 cents for the cotton in the shirt. While the cotton in the shirt has Increased by less than 10 centa s pound, the retail has increased $1.16.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD tailers’ mark-up, assuming that it was 40 percent of the selling price, was 99 cents on the shirt that sold for $2.49, and 81.46 on the same shirt at $3.65. Other percentage mark-ups on the original cotton cost, plus mark-up on the labor and transportation costs, account for the boost of price from 62.49 to $3.65. If Mr. DiSatle can eliminate this percent- age mark-up, and hold the margins of the handlers of finished cottons to a flat figure per unit, he will have accomplished much more savings for the consumer than any ceilings that he could place on raw cotton. Those who believe he can or will do it should be able to hold their discussion ses- sions in any convenient phone booth. Here’s One Way To Eliminate Government Nonessentials EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. KENNETH B. KEATING OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, in con- nection with my remarks today and the introduction of a bill to reconstitute the Commission on Organization of the Ex- ecutive Branch of the Government, I include an editorial from the Rochester Times-Union of February 13, 1951. The editorial follows: Here's ONE Way To ELIMINATE GOVERNMENT NONESSENTIALS The Federal Government has long lists of specific commodities which it classifies as strategic and nonstrategic. It uses them to control exports. It has lists of specific types of construction that are essential and nonessential. It uses these to allocate scarce commodities, But there is no master list of functions of government itself which are essential to the defense effort and those which are non- essential. The administration goes to great lengths, and quickly, to draw up such lists and use them when it is determined to regulate somebody else. But it consistently refuses to do a job of regulating itself. Therefore it is time to call back the Hoover Commission on Reorganization of the Executive Branch of the Government to do the other half of its original job. When the Hoover Commission was set up in 1947 it was instructed not only to recom- Mend means of making government more efficient and economical but also to make recommendations for eliminating unneces- sary Govenrment functions, services, and ac- tivities. Congress realized even then that only by turning off some of the taps could real econ- omies be made, That necessity 1s even more obvious today with the Federal budget at €71,600,000,000, But because the Commission membership was equally divided between Democrats and Republicans, the reelection of Mr. Truman in 1948 on a “gimme” platform tipped the scales in favor of overlooking this half of the Commission’s instructions. The Commission decided that if {t got anywhere at all it would have to confine it- self to trying to get done efficiently all the things that Government was attempting to do. As a result, the Commission's reports make practically no recommendations for elimi- nating nonessential services. Just this is a necessary p! now to holding the Federal budget within Umits that can be borne. Whatever the reasons for being wary of this task in 1947 and 1948, they have vanished now. Lopping off nonessential tax-eating activi« ties is the joint responsibility of Congress and the President. But it never gets done, Having once embarked on an activity there ia no test for its continued usefulness. The Hoover Commission has a vast back- ground of material it gathered in its origi- nal investigations. Its members know bet- ter than any other group of men where tax money goes. We suggest that Congress call it back, re- new the second half of its instructions in 1947 and give it, say 6 weeks, to make up @ list of activities essential to defense and the Nation's financial integrity, and those that can be dispensed with. Then dump the nonessential ones as quickly and finally as an NPA order dumps other nonessentials. Communism EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. DWIGHT L. ROGERS OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak- er, under leave to extend my remarks in the Appendix of the Recorp, I enclose a resolution which was passed and adopted at the regular promenade of La Societe Des 40 Hommes et Chevaux, Voiture No. 290, February 13, 1951. Voy- ageur militair, Clyde Trammell, was au- thorized to prepare this resolution and sign the same as a committee of one representing Voiture Locale, No. 290. “Whereas our hearts are sorely troubled because of the present wars and rumors of wars and fears and expectancies in addition to the actual reports of casualties from our war effort; and “Whereas the basic cause of such confilct and rumors of more conflicts is freedom and liberty against communism; and “whereas communism has a great appeal to the mind of man, whose life is filled with trouble and burdens almost unbearable, be- cause it is a form of mental and religious ideology, twisting the fact that, from the earth we came and to dust we shall return, the state is therefore God; and “Whereas such communistic weaklings are taught to sabotage our American way of life by creating dissension, disunity, even to the extent of overthrowing our form of govern- ment by force; and “Whereas our Government bends backward under our constitutional rights and immuni- ties in the handling of such traitors, other- wise known as Communists, to the end that it seems justice and freedom and liberty, under our Constitution, is preserved to those who should not be entitled to that protec- tion; and “Whereas the facts of Government and of life lead us to know that an agreement with communistic Russia, or China, or any other communistic government is not worthy of trust or confidence because honor and an oath and belief in God are unknown to them: Now, therefore, be it “Resolved by Voiture No. 290 of the Honor Society of the American Legion, known as the 40 and 8, as follows: “1, That this Government first protect its own form of liberty and preserve its own A981 life before it so strenuously and preserves the life and liberty of convicted outlaws in America, it being earnestly sug- gested that it is better to deprive some dis- honorable American citizens of sttch protec- tion than to have them destroy this Gov- ernment, “9, That this Government do something about it now, to iimit the activities of the known Communists, to prevent further sabo- tage and unpatriotic actions on their part, either through limitations of travel or lim- itations of immigration or sanctions, even to the extent of breaking off relations with communistic countries. “3. That this country use such force as may be necessary to stop forever the war of liberty and freedom versus communism, even to the extent of scorching all Russian soil with the atom bomb, if such action be deemed necessary, in order to save the youth of our land, now dying on the field of battle, and may America be forever preserved as the ‘land of the free and the home of the brave’ against all enemies within and with- out our borders; be it further “Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to the President of the United States and to the Secretary of State and the At- torney General, and to our Senators and Congressmen, Washington, D. C.; and to the Governor of Florida, the attorney general, secretary of state, and president of the en- ate and speaker of the House of Representa- tives of the State of Florida; and the grand chef de Gare, Norman E. Hagen, 1117 Inwood Terrace, Jacksonville, Fla., urging such ac- tion and recommendations by them as they may deem advisable.” This resolution was passed and adopted at the regular promonade of La Societé Des 40 Hommes et Chevaux, Voiture No. 290, Feb- ruary 18, 1951, Voyageur militair, Clyde Trammell, was authorized to prepare this resolution and sign the same as a committee of one representing Voiture Locale, No. 290. Crrpe TRAMMELL, Federal Payrolls Soar and Waste Mounts EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL W. SHAFER OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, a survey by the Council of State Chambers of Commerce reveals that 1,000 new civil- jan employees are being added to the Federal payroll each day. This rate of increase began June 30, 1950—after President Truman decided to send troops to Korea. The survey further shows that there are now 2,181,000 Federal payrollers and that an estimated 500,000 will be added by the end of the current fiscal year. This wild hiring of Federal payrollers is adequate proof that the Hoover Com- mission should be revived, as provided for in a resolution which I introduced in the House today. Other convincing reasons why my resolution should be adopted are contained in an editorial which appeared in the Detroit Free Press Sunday, February 25. Permission has been granted me to extend that edi- torial, which follows: " SepgxaL PAYROLLS Soa; Waste Mounts President Truman, in his manpower mobil ization directive, urged all employers, both
A982 private and in Government, to eliminate overmanning and overstafing. His argument runs that conservation of our human resources is of vital importance in any prolonged effort to keep the strength of the United States at a high level.” Without questioning the soundness of the President's advice, we rise to inquire why the Federal Government doesn't set the example for the rest of the country by putting its own house in order. According to the research department of the Council of State Chambers of Commerce, since last June 80 our Government,at Wash- ington has been adding new civilian em- ployees at the rate of more than 1,000 per day. The total number of such employees now exceeds 2,181,000, with the prospect that an- other 500,000 will be added by the end of the next fiscal year. If we grant that expansion of the Military Batablishment means additional civilian em- ployees as well, is there any good reason why overstaffing and duplication of effort should not be eliminated in other agencies of Gov- ernment? The House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service reported recently that executive agencies “could do a better job with fewer employees * * * improved lJabor-saving techniques have not been placed in general practice * * * some of the key budget officers confide they would weloome the op- portunity to reduce budget requirements * * @ instead they are obliged to bolster justifications for increased appropriation re- quests * * * this Kind of frustration was observed in all of the agencies surveyed.” This sorry state of affaires is a sad com- mentary on the lack of efficiency in a Fed- eral Government whose leaders tell us, the rest of the country, how to “conserve our human resources.” The committee found a shocking waste of man-hours in the personnel management functions of the departments and agencies under study. Although the Budget Bureau has fixed a standard or optimum ratio of 1 personnel employee to every 108 persons em- ployed and the Hoover Commission sug- gested a ratio of 1 to every 130 workers, the committee discovered that: The Federal Security Agency has 1 per- sonnel employee for every 69 persons or its payroll; the Bureau of the Mint 1 for every 69; the Southwestern Power Administration 1 for every 28; the Bureau of Reclamation 1 for every 88, and the General Counsel's office in the Treasury Department 1 for every 44. In Government p » 40 percent of the 44,261 purchase orders issued in the Treasury Department were for less than #20 each. Yet the average cost of processing these orders was a sizable 67.06 per order. in the Bureau .f the Mint, the average coat was 813.08, 2nd in the Coast Guard it was $23.94. The Office of Education spent $10,293. or 33 percent, in overhead for $31,148 worth of goods and supplies. Purchase orders in the Department of the Interior averaged $9.95 each, including a 50- cent order for the August 1950 issue of Baquire, requested by the Director of the Na- tional Park Service, The committee found that the average daily work load of the 426 purchasing em- ployees of four agencies was only two orders & day. In the Interior Department, it was only 1.4 orders per worker a day. According to the council of State Chame- bers of Commerce, in one agency, the South- western Power Administration, “purchase or» ders were found to be whissing through at a rate of seven-tenths of one order per work- er par day.” Benator Paow Doveras, of Tilinols, has re peatedly directed attention to the overly gen« serous vacation and sick leave privileges given A study of 48,000 employees in four de- partments revealed an average off-duty reo= ord of seven workweeks per year. In three old-line nonmilitary agencies, Treasury Department personnel soared from 66,143 in Januery 1040, to 69,298 in June 1950; Interior Department from 45,600 to 60,144, and in the Federal Security Agency, from 20,780 to 31,642. The Bureau of Indian Affairs had 13,565 employees on its payroll last June 30, or an average of one bureaucrat to every 80 In- dians in the United States. In such @ small agency as the Prices and Cost of Living Division of the Department of Labor, there ere five branches subdivided into 10 sections. One of these, the Statis- tical Services Section, is in turn broken down into three units, six subunits and 17 super- visory units, The Federal Supply Service of the General Services Administration is divided into 4 branches, 17 sections, 27 units, 24 subunits, 18 groups, and 1 inquiry office. How this burgeoning bureaucracy comes into being is explained by the committee's survey: “Generally, the over-all job of an agency is broken down into such minute segments that it is difficult to determine the precise divi- sion of responsibility assigned to each part. When this condition remains unchecked, duplication and overlapping increases. The positions take on 8 high degree of specializa- tion. As the size of a division increases, the director will request @ personne) officer, an administrative and office services officer to look after division files, mail, misheographing, and sundry duties, “If a division’s responsibilities can be made to assume the appearance and stature of a program the division director will ultimately obtain his own budget and accounting as- sistants. In time, the division may be raised to bureau of service status. Then it will be divided into several subsidiary divisions and the same process will begin again. It is a vicious circle that breeds waste and inef- ficiency. It is a prime cause of overstaffing.” Who pays for this outrageous waste of pub- lic money? No one but you, the weary taxpayer who is being constantly exhorted to conserve your resources, fight inflation and buy Govern- ment bonds. An even more insidious development was reported last week by Paul Leach, chief of the Free Press Washington Bureau. Leach says the American people are sup- porting 46,000 Federal employees who are engaged directly or indirectly, full or part time, in dispensing information, publicity, and propaganda, The Hoover Commission called much of this activity thought control. The facts show that many of these 45,000 ere used to further administration ideas, stir up pressure groups to influence legisia- tion, and condition the American mind to resdly acceptance of the Truman program, The State Department alone employs at home and abroad 6,029 persons in publicity work, at a total salary cost of $14,015,670. ECA bas a total working budget for sal- aries, radio, publication, movies, and still piotures of over $17,000,000. But as Correspondent William Stoneman writes from Parts: “Here, in Europe, at least, there is no evidence that any of the barbed stories written on this subject ever has re- sulted in the firing of a single useless em- ployee, the reduction of a single inflated budget, or the trimming of a single bloated allowance.” Senator Witmusm Baron, of Connecticut, said last Tuesday that plans are now in the making to swell the education and infor- mation staf of the Voice of America to 18,< 000 persons, an increase of 45 percent over the number now employed by that activity. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD “The presently contemplated 13,000-man operating force will be larger than the com- bined full-time staffs of the Associated Press, the National Broadcasting Co., and Metro- Goidwyn-Mayer,” Bexron told the Senate. Genator Brerom, who onee directed the Voice as Assistant Secretary of State, now feels that his baby has grown too large to be part of the State Department and fs urg- ing the creation of a separate Government nursery for ite care and development. Summed up, the administration at Wash- ington wants you and me to accept austerity thinking, lower living standards, and higher taxes without complaint, But there sare no indications that the President intends to give up his 650,000 tax- free allowance, or that the merry bureau- crats have any funny notions about cutting expenses. Big government is riding high, wide, and handsome, but you're belng taken for the ride. Jonn 8S. KNIGHT. Resolution of Disabled Veterens of Honolulu EXTENSION OF REMARKS , & HON. JOHN D. DINGELL OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, worthy of preservation is the communication and resohution by the Disabled American Veterans of the Cahu County Council of Honolulu, T. H. It is an indication that the veterans who gave most for their country are determined that the press shall remain free and uncontrolled: Hono.vuv, Bawan, February 12, 1951. Hon, Jouw D. Dinaert, Member of Congress, House Office Butlding, Washington, D.C. Dear Joun: Because of your perfect House voting record, and hence, we feel that you must be a good friend of D. P.. we want you to have a copy of our recently passed “keep Drew Pearson on the air” resolution, enclosed herewith. We are sending more than 60 of these reso- lutions to that many mainland dailies. With kindest regards and every good wish, Sincerely, Jox CAapstn. (Committees on good government, pub- leity, and rehabilitation, DAY Oahu County Council, Honolulu.) Rescturion sy Disasiap American Verreans, Oanv Cuarrre No. 1, Texrtrory or Hawatr Whereas Mr. Drew Pearson, well-known columnist and commentator, is believed by the members of this chapter to be a loyal American imbued with the moat exemplary ideals of citisenship; and Whereas a notorious attempt has recently been made to still his voice by a threat- ened boycott of the product of the present sponsor of his new commentary; and ved of facts concerning what goes on in the
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD National Capitol and throughout the Nation; a Whereas Mr. Peargon in his fearlese report- ing has always been in the forefront of the honorable members of his profession who have taken the lead in exposing Communists, Fascists, Ku Klux Klanners, and other sub. versives and vigilanté groups; and Whereas at this serious moment of crisis in our national affairs, this chapter believes in accordance with the guaranties of the first amendment that not only the voice but also the pen of Drew Pearson and of all our great journalists should be freely avail- able to the people: Now, therefore, be it Resolved, That the Oahu Chapter No. 1, Territory of Hawaii, Disabled American Vet- erans, hereby records in unanimity its rec- ommendation that Mr. Drew Pearson, in rec ognition of his forthright, courageous, ob- jective, and factual reporting, not be taken off the air; and be it further Resolved, ‘1hat a copy of this resolution requesting support of this endorsement be forwarded to Harry S. Truman, President of the United States: Alben W. Barkley, Vice President of the United States; Tom Con- nally, United States Senator; Joseph R. Far- rington, Delegate to Congress from Hawaii; national commander, DAV; Adam Hats, Bell Syndicate, and the Weintraub Advertising Agency. Certified, a true copy of resolution adopted by the Disabled American Veterans, Oahu Chapter No. 1, Territory of Hawaii, at a regular meeting of the chapter of adminis- tation held in Honolulu, Hawaii, January 13, 1951. Purr P. MINN, Commander, Oahu Chapter No. 1, Territory of Hawaii, Disabled Amer- ican Veterans. Te Hon. Basil O’Connor, of New York, Sees Key to Peace in Health EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LINDLEY BECKWORTH OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I desire to include in the Recorp an article concerning some of the views expressed February 11, 1947, by a great American, Hon. Basil O’Connor: O'Connor Sres Kry Tro PEACE In HEALTH (By L. A. Chapin) Basil O'Connor, of New York City, Chair- man of the American Red Cross, former law partner of the late President Roosevelt, and one of the busiest men in the country has an idea which has been growing on him for more than a year. He believes it may hold the key to world peace, the solution of all economic problems for the next 100 years and the problem of making all countries democratic and resist- ant to the forces of totalitarianism, While in Denver Monday on a Red Cross trip, O'Connor took the time from a round of heavy duties to explain his idea. It is so simple that at first the listener doesn't catch its full significance and when he does, he begins to wonder why no one ever thought of it—at least in the same way—before. “What is the thing the world needs most, or, to put it another way, of what does the world have the least?’ O’Connor began by asking. He then supplied his own answer, “It is health,” he said. “By health, I don't mean perfect health but a degree of health. I mean health ina broad sense—proper food, proper clothing, proper housing, proper sanitation, and a de- Gree of cleanliness.” KEY TO DICTATORSHIP “Look at parts of our own country. Look at almost any other country in the world. You find a universal need for health. Less than 20 percent of all the peoples of the world have a degree of health. “I belleve you can judge the progress of civilization better by noting what progress has been made from filth to cleanliness than in any other war. The amount of filth in the world is terrible. It has been made worse by the war. “Lack of health is illness—a condition of not being well. “The importance of this world-wide condl- tion of illness, from my point of view, is that you can’t have a proper economy or democ- racy in a world which does not have health, “People who are not well cannot resist dic- tatorship. They cannot do productive work. The relationship between lack of health on the one hand and poor economy and dicta- torshtp on the other can be traced through- out history.” MARKETING OPPORTUNITY “I’m not trying to make the world a place full of hypochondriacs,” O’Connor went on, “But what does this lack of health mean? “It means this: If any considerable part of the peoples of the world were to be given health, it would require all the clothing, all the buildings, all the shoes, all the refrig- erators, all the pasteurizing equipment, all the plumbing, all the pipe, all of thousands of other products which all the industries of all countries could produce in the next 100 years, “Consider almost any small country and try to calculate the amount of steel alone which would be required to provide proper plumbing and you will see what I mean. “People who can’t stand, don’t need shoes. If a fraction of 1 percent of all such people in the world were put on their feet and given health, the market for shoes would exceed all productive capacity.” OPPORTUNITY OVERLOOKED "If a degree of health were given & con- siderable proportion of the world population, what would happen? A person who js well and possesses even a degree of awareness— I mean awareness and not education—begins to want things and begins to do the work to get them. “J can't understand why business and industry as well as governments haven’t realized what it would do to the economy of the world if some health were furnished to people. “Health is the biggest business in the world. Economists are always looking for new ways to stimulate trade and stave off econmic disaster. Here is the answer— heaith—right in their own front yard.” SAFE INVESTMENT “Every investment in health would come back many times over as health served to increase the power of people to work and pro- duce and buy. What good would it do to restore the physical facilities, merely the buildings and factories, of any war-torn country in the world if its people were left in a condition of illness? “Instead of furnishing milk to a few chile dren of such a country would it not be better for America to furnish the pasteurization and refrigeration which would bring about & genuine increase in health? “When you get down to brass tacks, eco- nomic ills are due fundamentally to lack of health. There is nothing any family dreads more than the possible filneas of the wage earner. Romantic stories of countries in which peasants sleep away many hours of their lives lying in the sun are not romantic A983 at all, Those people aren't lazy—-they Just don’t have the stamina to keep going.” WOULD AID PEACE World peace, O'Connor believes, can come only through sane thinking. “People who are sick do not think eanely,” he said. “Without healthy bodies they can- not think straight.” O'Connor in the last year has discussed his idea with many people but he never talked+ of it for publication until he came to Denver, “I have been considering getting a group of people together to see what they could do with the idea,” O'Connor conoluded. May- be I'll nd time one of these days. I am convinced it has unbelivable possibilities.” Poland’s Freedom and Katyn Massacre EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. RAY J. MADDEN OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker the Indi- ana Department of the Polish American Congress, Inc., will hold the second solemn commemoration of the atrocious Katyn Massacre in the city of South Bend, Ind., on May 6 of this year. All persons interested in the fight for a free and independent government for Poland, whether of Polish extraction or other- wise, should attend this commemorative assembly to protest this flagrant and unprecedented violation of international aw. The committee of commemorations and special activities of the Indiana De- partment of the Polish American Con- gress, Inc., hereby submits the follow- ing résolution which was adopted at Gary, Ind., on the 7th day of October, 1950: We, American citizens gathered on this 7th day of October 1950 at the Gary Hotel to participate in this program of decorating Congressman of the First Indiana District, Hon. Ray J. Mappen, and several Americans of Polish descent by the Polish Government- in-exile, of London, set forth the following declarations: 1, Referring to the resolution unanimously passed and adopted in Gary, Ind., on the 18th day of September 1949, we again earnestly call the attention of the American public, our President, Harry 8. Truman, and our Government, to the shockingly inhuman crime of genocide perpetrated in 1940 on Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union; also to similar barbaric treatment to which our sons, heroically fighting in defense of democracy, are now being subjected by the Red hordes 1n Korea; and We demand that the United States Gov- ernment, through ite Representative to the United Nations, Hon. Warren Austin, initiate and bring before that body the following proposals: (a) Press for the formation of an inter- national tribunal to investigate and pass judgment on war criminals who cold- bloodedly and with complete disregard of in- ternational law, murdered 4,600 Polish prisoners of war. These victims were trans- rted from the camp of Kozielsk and brutally killed in the forest of Katyn. (b) Ascertain the whereabouts and locate the graves of the Polish prisoners of war, who, in the spring of 1940, were interned in Staro- pielsk (4,000 officers) and in Ostashkov (6,600 officers) in the Soviet Union territory;
A984 (e) Bring to justice those war criminals, who are guilty of wanton killings of American prisoners of war on the Korean front, where our young and heroic sons, defenders of the ideals of democracy, are being savagely mur- dered by their Red captors in complete dis- regard of international law protecting war prisoners; 2. Declare null and yold all agreements concluded with the Soviet Union at Tehran &nd Yalta, where, without the consent of the American and Polist. peoples, Poland, and other sovereign nations now suffering behind the iron curtain, were recklessly sold into communistic slavery; 8. Demand that liberty, justice and ter- ritorial integrity be restored to 140,000,000 peoples of Central and Kastern Europe, now enslaved by Red Imperialism; 4. Demand that— (a) The Soviet Union pulls back its armed, political, cultural and economic slavery to the frontiers of 1938; (b) The Atlantic Charter and the Four Freedoms incorporated in it, be sincerely and effectively applied to all international deal- ings; (co) In the name of international justice, of historical truths and of Christian ethics, Poland be restored to ita sovereign status as « free, indivisible and independent state with ite legal Government now functioning in exile. Deeply cognizant of mortal dangers in- stigated by the Soviet Union bent on de-~ stroying our civilization, and our American way of life, we call upon our Government and our Nation to valiantly, ceaselessly, and steadfastly watch the ramparts of democ- racy and freedom, to spread the message of good will and faith beyond the iron curtain, and, through our acts, sacrifices, wisdom and noble concepts of freedom, justify the faith in America, professed by the hundreds of millions of people all over the world; Let us strive unerringly to show the trou- bled humanity that our way of living, that our democracy, that our ideals of freedom are the embodiment of truly Christian pre- cepts of the dignity of man who was created in God’s own image and endowed with in- alienable rights to life, liberty, and the pur~ suit of happiness. Jonn RoszKowsk!, Chairman. BrnJaMin J. Lesniak, Crzstm WaLASsIEWwICcz, Carouine CzEcn, Vrororia Basinsya, Committee of Resolutions. Passed and unanimously approved by par- i ticipants, Evarng H. Swarts, Mayor of Gary, Ind., Chairman. Josers WIEWIORA, Secretary. enelinmmeseseneneneseememneennmmemnanll A Republican Foreign Policy EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. CLARE E. HOFFMAN Or MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, February 8, 1951 Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, the often-repeated statement that Republicans could criticize but never offerad anything constructive never was Rank and file members of the Repub- lican Party criticizing the New Deal, the Jack of @ consistent foreign policy of the administration, almost invariably offered constructive criticism, many times pro- posed legislation, to remedy the error, correct the evil, Last week 121 Republican Members of the House joined by 2 Democrats, out- lined a foreign policy for their party. Foreign policy—truly designed—as all policies should be, for the protection of the homeland, should receive the sup- port of all, No doubt many Democrats are in accord with the policy outlined by our colleague the gentleman from Wisconsin |[Mr. Smrrt), but for obvious reasons did not choose at this time to sign this manifesto. All Members of Congress are receiving letters which indicate that the people are sick of Acheson, of unnecessary wars. Editorial comment from the Chicago Tribune and the Washington Times- Herald—and similar comment comes from other papers—ts as follovs: [From the Chicago Tribune of February 18, 1961} Tue REPUBLICAN Parry Taxgs Its STAND Tt was surely no suprise to anyone that of the 18 Republicans from Illinois in the Na- tional House of Representatives, 14 signed the declaration circulated last week, ex- pressing opposition to the Truman foreign and military policy in general and in detail. Everybody knows or should know that the great majority of middle westerners are of that mind, Their Representatives in Con- gress were reflecting the sentiment of the voters. Of Wisconsin’s 9 Republican Rep- resentatives, 7 signed the declaration, Of Michigan’s 12, all but 2 signed. Nebraska delivered 3 out of 4; Kansas, 5 out of 6; Iowa, 5 out of 8; Minnesota, 3 out of 5; Ohio, 9 out of 14. Indiana was an exception, with only two out of nine signing, but this is explained, in part at least, by the absence of many of the others from Washington. There was nothing aston’ about the showing of the Middle West, but it will be genuinely astonishing to those who think that the internationalist press in the East reflects opinion in that section to see what happened in New York, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut. In each of these States, exactly half of the Republican Members signed the declaration and surely many more would have done so but for fear of offending Gov- ernor Dewey and the noisy committess which are shouting “crisis” and “present danger.” Mr, Dewey has been campaigning for a draft big enough to produce 100 divisions. He has declared that Mr. Truman and Mr. Acheson are correct in their assertion that the President has the power to send as large a@ part of the United States Army to Europe as he wishes to send, without asking for the approval of Congress. Mr, Dewey is obviously not speaking for the majority of the Republicans in his Btate and his section because of the 22 New York Republicans who sit in the House, 11 signed the paper which calied for congressionel con- trol of the size of our army in Europe. Of the 20 Pennsylvania Republicans, 10 signed. Of the four Connecticut Representatives, two signed. On this reckoning, he speaks for only half of the Republicans of the area, and, in truth, he speaks for less than half. Every Member who signed the declaration is for it, Not every Member who did not sign ig against it. Some are still thinking the matter over. Others, for one reason or an- other, have not yet been approached. At any rate, of the 199 Republican Members of the House of tatives, 120 had signed by Saturday. That is a shade better than three-fifths of the whole Republican repre- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD sentation in the House and furnishes in- pressive evidence of Republican sentiment across the Nation. Look at the Pacific coast. Of Washington's four Republican Representatives, thres signed. Of Oregon’s four, two signed. Of California's 13, 8 signed. Look at the Mountain States. In Colo- rado, two out of two, and the same in Idaho, In Montana, one out of one, and the same in Wyoming. The Republicans of the Mountain States were unanimous. Look at the border States. Of the two Republicans in Congress from Kentucky, one signed the declaration, Both Republicans from Tennessee signed. Of three in Mary- land, two signed. Likewise, of three in Mis- souri, two signed. Even in New England, generally regarded as almost unanimoualy interventionist, near- ly half of the Republicans declared for the principles for which Hoover, Taft, and Wherry have been battling. Among the sign- ers were only two out of eigh! in Massachu- setts, but Maine showed two in three; New Hampshire, one in two; Connecticut, two in four; and Vermont, none for one. The total is 7 out of 18 in the region whose Re- publicans are supposed to be wholly com- mitted to the bipartisan policy. What the support given to this declaration shows, among other things, is that the Re- publican Party, nationally considered, is in favor of the Wherry resolution and ite coun- terpart, the Coudert resolution in the House. It is on this tesue that the Republicans should take their stand. They will lose few Republican votes by doing so, They will gain millions of Democratic votes. eke [From the Washington Times-Herald of February 19, 1961] Tris Is REPUBLICAN POLicy Of the 199 Republican Members of the House of Representatives, 120 have already signed # declaration on foreign policy that Jooks good to us and no doubt will look just as good to Mr. Hoover, Mr. Taft, and Mr, Wherry. The declaration will not please the Dewey-Vandenberg wing of the party, but it suits all of us who have been denounced as isolationists just fine. The most remarkable thing about this dec- laration is that it comes from the grass roots, Representative Masrin, the official leader of the Republican Party in the House, and his chief Heutenants didn’t think it up and weren’t among the original 118 who aigned it, The prime mover was Representative Law- rence H. Satrrn, of Racine, Wis., ably second- ed by lepresentative O'Hara, of Minnesota, another middle westerner, and three east- erners, Representatives Br. Groxor, of New York, and Towx and Hanp, of New Jersey. Mr. Dewey’s claim to leadership in his own section has been directly challenged. DEWEY REPUDIATED There is no longer .- ny question of where the Republican Party stands on foreign pol- icy. We now know thet with no pressure from party bigwigs, no promises of anything for signing, no threats of retaliation for not signing, 60 percent of the Republican Mem- bers of the House of Representatives placed thety signatures on a document committing themselves to opposition to the foreign pole icy that has been called bipartisan, Every signature on the declaration is the signature of a Representative who was elected no longer ago then last November. Every one of the 120 has characterized the so-called bi- partisan policy as in large part a costly fall- ure. SBvery one of them has put bimself on record in favor of a reexamination and a re- vision of it. And every one has declared for full participation of Congress in deciding whether American soidiers are to be sent to to serve in General Eisenhower's European army and, if so, how many.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD As everybody might have expected, the Re- publicana from the Middle West were over- whelmingly in favor of the declaration. Of the 18 Republicans from Illinois, 14 signed. Of Wisconsin's 9, 7 signed. Of Michigan's 12, all but 2 signed. Indiana’s Republicans, perhaps because of absence from Washington when signatures wer” solicited, made a miserable showing, with only 2 out of 9 enlisted, but Nebraska delivared 3 out of 4, Kansas 5 out of 6, Iowa 5 out of 8, Minnesota 8 in 5, and Ohio 9 out of 14. As we said, there was nothing astonishing about that; but it is genuinely astonishing to find that half of the Republican delega- tion from Governor Dewey's New York—11 out of 22—voted in direct opposition to Gov- ernor Dewey's declared views on foreign policy. Again in Pennsylvania, exactly half of the R vublicans—10 out of 20—voted for the Hoover-Taft-Wherry line. So did half the delegation—2 out of 4—from Connecticut. These are among the States in which Re- publicans were supposed to be strongly inter- nationalist. Here is clear prouf to the con- trary. HOW WE CAN SAVE TIME A few Democrats also signed. Representa- tive Wmurams of Mississippi, we do not doubt, spoke for many of his colleagues who are deeply troubled over the Acheson-Eisen- hower policies when he said that there were men on his side of the aisle who were in full sympathy with the movement, even though they had not lent their names, At any rate, we now know that the biparti- san Republicans are a minority in their own party in Congress. Republican leaders in Washington and in the national committee who do not accept this verdict have no place in the party and certainly no claim to lead- ership. The American people are pro-American; they believe that the foreign policy of this country and its military policy must be di- rected primarily toward the safety and wel- fare of the American people, not foreign na- tions. They are eager to repudiate the false and dangerous doctrines of the Trumans, the Deweys, and the Eisenhowers. If the Re- publicans in Congress stand firm for their principles, they cannot be defeated in 1952. rr they revert to “me, tooism,” they cannot win. The declaration of principles is the most important document to have come out of Washington in a decade. Representative SmirH and his colleagues have earned the gratitude of their countrymen. This dec- laration can save the lives of a million American boys and tens of billions of the taxpayers’ money. Our Fantastic Foreign Policy EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. NOAH M. MASON OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, when Communist aggression threatened in Korea last spring, President Truman was given a defense plan drafted by the mili- tary leaders that compose our War Col- lege. The plan called for punishing the Communist aggressors without sending any ground troops into Korea. It called for blockading Korea with our Navy and the systematic destruction of the indus- try and transportation system of North Korea with our heavy bombers. The Communists were to be allowed to push into South Korea but their war supplies were to be cut off, thereby making them helpless to carry on an offensive cam- paign. Standing off in safety out of reach of the Communists we would be able to pound them to death. Thus we would have been in the smart position of being able to punish without being made to suffer; while the Communists would be in the helpless position of hav- ing to take punishment from a foe they could not get at. When President Truman scrapped the War College plan, following the advice of Acheson and Marshall, and ordered MacArthur to send our boys into Korea, he made a terrible blunder. That blunder has cost us in wounded and dead some 50,000 American boys, and we still are no better off than when we went into Korea last June. Mr. Speaker, are we now to repeat our Korean blunder in Europe? Why not establish e chain of bases in Spain and North Africa? Then if Russia invades Europe we could attack her industrial centers and her transportation system by air, using our atom bombs where they . will do the most damage, We hold an advantage over Russia in the air; she has an advantage over us on land. Why not use our advantage in the air and save our manpower? Why not follow the advice of our military leaders instead of following the advice of such men as Acheson? Under permission previously granted, I include part of an editorial taken from the Chicago Daily Tribune of Saturday, February 24, 1951: REPUBLICAN LEADERS WHOSE Feet DraG Of the 199 Republican Members of the House of Representatives, 124 have now signed the ueciaration of principles circu- lated by Representative Lawrence SmiTH of Wisconsin. This declaration is in direct opposition not only to the Truman-Acheson line of foreign and military policy but, more particularly, to the Dewey-Vandenberg line in the Republi- can Party. The declaration contains, among other things, an unequivocal endorsement of the Hoover-Wherry-Taft contention that more American troops should not be sent to Europe without specific congressional approval, Although more than three-fifths of the Republican Members of the House have signed the paper, none of the Republican leaders in the House has done so, The time has come to call a House Repub- lican conference on the issue raised by the declaration. More than three-fifths of the members of the conference have gone on record in favor of the principles announced, and still others are known to be of like mind. Obviously, then, this declaration is in every sense but the merely formal one the official party doctrine, It should, therefore, command the alle- giance of the party leaders. They should be battling for it every day and every hour. We do not say yet that the party leader- ship must be displaced. We do say that un- less the party leadership accepts the will of the party majority without reservation the leadership must be changed. The sooner a party conference 1s called to settle this matter the better for the coun- try and, needless to say, the better for the perty, The present situation in which the leaders are dragging their feet is intolerable. 4985 Resolution Adopted by the New Jersey Republican State Committee EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HARRY L. TOWE OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. TOWE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp, the follow- ing resolution adopted by the New Jer- sey Republican State Committee: Whereas Gov. Alfred B. Driscoll has sub- mitted to the New Jersey Legislature a budg- et for the 1951-52 fiscal year which, in its demand for Spartan economy at all levels of government, sets a pattern for the drastic curtailment of all but the most necessary expenditures; and ‘Whereas there is now pending before the Congress 8 budget proposal by the President of the United States for the same period which constitutes an invitation to fiscal dis- aster for our country and which, unlike our own State budget, utterly falls to recognize the needs of the times: Therefore be it Resolved, That the New Jersey Republican State Committee does hereby commend the Governor of New Jersey for his practical and realistic approach to the budgetary problems of our State and at the same time condemns the budget proposal of the Presi- dent of the United States for the following reagzons: 1, While purporting to call for expendi- tures of $'71,500,000,000, it actually asks au- thorization to spend nearly €100,000,000,000. 3. Of this vast amount, the President has seen fit to itemize expenditures totaling only slightly more than §20,000,000,000 and has in effect, asked Congress for a blank check for the remainder. 3. In complete disregard of congressional responsibility, he has refused to state how many billions of dollars will be spent for defense. This committee, while fully aware of the need for high expenditures for the defense of our Nation, nevertheless believes it to be the duty of the President to confide in our elected representatives to the extent that they can make an honest examination of all proposals for defense expenditures be- fore they are called upon to vote vast new taxes on the American people. 4. The President has claimed savings of $5,000,000,000 below last year in nondefense items. Many of these savings ate not real. For example, examination shows oné of these savings to be the amount expended last year for the 1960 census (a nonreourring item). He also claims as a saving, the more than 500,000,000 which the Congress forced the President to cut from the 1950-51 budget be- fore its adoption. In other words, he is claiming savings below a nonexisting budget. 6. These are but two of 130 {tems submitted by the President in which he has claimed to have effected savings. Examination shows most of them to be based upon transfers which, in many cases, turn out to be in- creases and not savings. 6. Despite widespread demands for rigid economy in nondefense spending, the Prest- dent, often under the guise of defense prep- aration, has continued to foist his Fair Deal, socialistic program on the American people. For example, he has asked; (a) Three hundred million dollars to “equalize education opportunities” among the States (as a defense measure on the grounds that the Armed Forces do not have time to teach draftees how to read and write): plus $108,000,000 for Federal ald education in certain areas, ‘
A986 {b) A €276,000,000 payroll tax to set up the machinery for socialized medicine, (c) Direct payments to of per- fshable farm products to Meu of price sup- ports (the Brannan plan). (d) Seven new waterways projects costing $1,500,000,000 as follows: Hell’s Canyon, The Dalles and Jee Harbor projects in the Colum- bia Basin; Old Hickory on the Cumberland; a steam plant for TVA; Gavins Point on the Missouri and $20,000,000 to start the St. Law~ rence seaway. 4, Although the President states that his budget totals $7,500,000,000, he has, in fact, asked for contract authorizations and appro- priations of $94,500,000,000, plus an sddi- tional $4,000,000,000 to pay old bills. Inas- much as the books of the United States Gov- ernment are carried on a cash basis, the Pres- ident’s budget should state that he seeks a total of 898,500,000,000—or $27,000,000,000 more than he has admitted; and be it further Resolved, That the Republican State com- mittee calls on the Republean Members of the Senate and House from New Jersey to continue their efforts to compel the Federal Government to give the American people an honest accounting of thelr money, and to examine carefully all proposed expenditures, both defense and otherwise, to the end that this Nation may be saved from the fiscal dis- aster which wil aurety follow if the Federal Government is permitted to engage in the confused and illogical practices exemplified by the President's budget proposal; and be it Turther Resolved, That our representatives shall bring this resolution to the attention of the Congress in the hope that the Congress shall see fit to follow the pattern established by the Governor of New Jersey in setting an example for prudent management which present circumstances demand at all levels of government. One Bale Cotton on 4 Acres—Cost Producer $81.84 To Sell It EXTENSION OF REMARES or HON. LINDLEY BECKWORTH OV TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BECKWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I include a letter in the ConcressronaL Recorp I have received from Mr. H. R. Spivey. Farmers are being called or to produce more cotton. I am wondering if Mr. Spivey would be in the attitude to increase his acreage in view of the following language which was in a letter written to me December 15, 1950, by Mr. Cc. J. McCormick, Under Secretary of Agriculture, I quote the language: Therefore, if all farmers in a county should double their cotton acreage in 1951 over 1950, the 1962 farm allotments may be changed considerably or mone at all or some- where depending on how farmers fm the particular county vary thelr cotton acreage in proportion to cropland. The above-mentioned letter follows: Buiiago, Tex., February &, 1951. Hon, Lower Washington, D. C.: Dean Ma. Becxworrs: 1 1 bate of cotton on about 4 acres 1960 and had to pay 681.64 to sell tt. Why? Because I didn’t have and coukin’t get 2s white sell- ing card. This was a hard financial blow— & gross injustice—at the hands of the Pro- duction Marketing Administration. I real. iz) that it wasn't the intention of anyone in that department to work a hardship of disaster proportions to a farmer anywhere, Still, because of red-tape regulations, I was compelled to suffer a serious financial loss, I operate a very smail farm on the cash- rent basis and grew 4 acres of cotton to help pay the rent. I planted without an allot- ment because ¥ understood that you in- tended to help us get at least a minimum of & acres anyhow. But I guess the bigger growers got the extra allotments because I never could get a permit to plant a aingle seed, Still, after I learned all this, it was too late, as I had already pianted 4 acres, and I let it go on through and make. [ didn't think it right at all for any farm regulation to say to a man that he couldn't plant any cotton, and to a neighbor just across the fence to go ahead and plant a sizable crop. Well, since the PMA classified this cotton crop of mine as non-tax-free, T had to pay the penalty. The injustice of it ia what burns me up. I didn't overplant. Just trying to make a living on my few acres. Everyone around here said it was a dirty shame that such hardship could be worked on @ man just because he grew and sold a pale of his own cotton without PMA's permit, ar, BECKWORTH, can you help me get this money refunded to me? I need it mush worse than they do. I understand that hardship cases receive special consideration, and I would appreciate it greatly if you would do what you can to help me. Thanking you, I am, Sincerely, H. R. Spivey. Democracy’s Sentinel ened EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. EMANUEL CELLER OF NEW York IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I have followed the deliberations of the United Nations in Lake Success with much in- terest and concern. There have been times when I have been assailed by a feeling of frustration at the seemingly interminable debates and the exasperat- ing Hes and distortions dished out by the delegates of Soviet Russia and its four satellites. But there were times when I felt within me both elation and pride and when I envisioned a better world of order and law emerging out of today’s suspicion and mistrust. During the recent General Assembly debate on the question of Chinese Com- munist intervention, in Korea, I noted with disappointment the stand taken by 12 Asian and Arab nations against the United States resolution branding Com- munist China an aggressor. But I was heartened by the firm attitude of the Philippines which was uncompromisingly in support of the American resolution ; and the repeated interventions of Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, Foreign Secretary of the Philippines, in the course of the debate, won for him and his people the admiration and gratitude of the United The role played by General Romulo and the leadership he is displaying in Lake Success today ate best described APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in the following news dispatch published generally and which I clipped from the issue of December 17, 1950, of the Oregon Journal and which herein appears. It was written by Pierre J. Huss, chief cor- respondent of the International News Bervice in Lake Success, and one of the veteran diplomatic correspondents of America: Pumas’ Romv.o Wartcepoa ror UN AGAINST APPEASEMENT (By Pierre J. Huss) Fuvsnma Mranow, N. Y., December 16.— An antia| ent watchdog stands on guard eat the United Nations today against well-meaning but ill-guided diplomacy which might fall easy prey to the wiles of commu- nism and make a deal with Red China. Carlos P. Romulo, foreign minister of the Philippines, is a man of peace, but he wants none of the appeasement which leads to bending the knee to communism at any cost. Consequently, he rapped knuckles right and left this week—whether of India or Britain— and made them wince and think again. The tough Little general from Bataan, who earned his star in the hard school of Gen. MacArthur as his aide-de-camp on Bataan and elsewhere, became outraged and waiked out on 12 little detegates from Asia and Arab lands whose knees were knocking over the of facing up to Communist China's defiance of United Na- tions in Korea. Before doing that, Romulo read the “riot act” to the assembled group, emphasizing that nations whose soldiers are dying on the battleftelds must stand by thetr dead and wounded, and not “sell them down the river.” He said it was “ridiculous” for this group to act as if Communist China had complied with every line of the UN Charter instead of having defied it in exact marching step with the Communist expansionism of Moscow. “Over my dead body they'll appease the Commies,” the hard-jawed former president of the UN Assembly told newsmen later. Romulo’s dander tose high during closed- door meetings of a 18-member Asia-Arab bloo mobilized by Sir Benegal Rau of India to forestall an assembly demand that Peiping get her troops out of Korea. Rau sibly refiecting the lofty ideals of Prime Minister Pandit Nehru in New Delhi— is absolutely sure that the UN can do busi- ness with Communist China. Rau refuses to consider himself an appeaser and has maintained all along that force cannot settle the issue in Korea. Last Monday he and Egyptian delegate Fawzi Bey produced a draft resolution which carefully wrapped up the “peace settlement” in Korea into a efngle package covering all the Far East. By implication, it fore- shadowed the surrender to Communist China of Formosa and actually named Mao Tse- tung's government as the rightful represent- ative for a seven-power peace conference to be held on ali Asta. Romulo came cut with both fists fying and rocked the “Oliveden set" in the UN with the blitakrieg of 1030. ; Romulo fairly yelled at them that their resolution etood in rancid rejection of the Security Council resolution of June 27, which condemned North Korea as an aggressor. heads in the sand and treat the Peiping ag- Bressor as an equal? Gentlemen, you may— but I won't.”
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD startled group thought it over in the diplo- matic lounge—which -has q large bar— Romulo came up with a separate cease-fire resolution empowering the President of the Assembly and two other representatives to sound out both MacArthur and the Chinese Communists on prospects for a cease fire. This course, Romulo pointed out, gives the United Nations a chance to acquaint it- self with the situation on the fleld of battle, and to adjust itself to political develop- ments before taking any decisions. The abashed group quickly approved the Romulo plan and sheepishly turned to what was left of the second part of the original “package” resolution on the Far East. Romulo thumped the table and again lashed out at them for trying to make fools of themselves and the UN. He refused to have any part of thelr appeasement con- ference and walked out, leaving behind him a dozen unhappy diplomats. They finally introduced their second part in the form of a@ separate resolution—but minus the out- right appeasement provisions. In particu- lar, they dropped any reference to China and 80 gave up the move which Romulo said was an attempt to get Mao into the UN by the back door, Romulo is staying at the UN to the last moments of the Assembly, even if that means canceling his Christmas in Manila. He can be relied on to be a shatp watch- dog ready to tear apart those who would sabotage genuine peace efforts in United Nations or sell out to appeasement, President Truman’s Speech to DeMolay EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WRIGHT PATMAN OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rec- orp, I include the following text of Presi- dent Truman’s remarks at a breakfast meeting of Masonic leaders: Text oF TRUMAN’s ADDRESS TO DEMOLAY Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, Frank (Frank Land, head of the DeMolay], and distinguished guests from all over the country, and the Supreme Court and legis- lative branch of the Government, and the secretaries of the executive branch: This seems to have been a rather fixed-up proposition, to inform the President what his Cabinet and the Court and the legisla- tive branch think of him. I am glad to know it. It is very satisfactory. I appre- ciate it most highly, but what I had expected to discuss with you this morning is a con- tinuation of what these able and distin- guished gentlemen have brought to your attention. ‘We have an emergency. I declared an emergency back in the latter part of 1960, because it was really on us—and it is on us now, And it is difficult—very diffoult—for people to realize, as things go along as usual, that the Government is faced with the most tremendous emergency that any government has ever been faced with in the history of the country, and I say that because I know the history of the country very well. I know that we are going through some of the same things that were gone through in 1860, and 1916, and 1941. CITES PROFIT FROM EXPERIENCE ‘We have made every effort possible to avold @ great many of those mistakes. We have not been able to avoid them all, but we are profiting by experience, and I think that I am very, very fortunate in having experi- enced men in every key poaition who under- stand the situation and who are honestly working it out on the basis as it should be worked out. It was necessary for me to appoint a pro- duction manager, an administrator for the Defense Production Authority. He has had his difficulties, because it ts very difficult to get people to understand that now is not the time to get all the traffic will bear, now is not the time to “get,” because the Gov- ernment is in a position where it has to have certain materials to meet the thing that Gen- eral Marshall ts working on: To keep the peace. That is all this is for, It is an effort to prevent a third world war. And we are gradually approaching a position in the world where that can be prevented, tf we have the support and cooperation of all the seg- ments of the population. And that means industry, labor, the farmer, and you gentle- men—and all the white-collar people who do the inside work to make these other things operate. Now, it is necessary, I think, in this coun- try, as well as around the world, to try to mobilize the moral forces of the world against the unmoral forces, SAYB ALL MUST SACRIFICE We need ta mobilize the mora) forces in this country of ours, to prevent selfishness of certain groups from an endeavor to take advantage of this situation. Everybody, I don’t care who he is, or what his condition or his position is—from the President of the United States to the laborer who digs in the trench—must make some sacrifice in order that the whole country may be mobilized to meet the serious situation with which we are faced. Now, for 5 years I have been endeavoring to mobilize the moral forces of the world, those forces which believe in the Sermon on the Mount, those forces which believe in a God, those forces which believe in the wel- fare of the individual, who believe that the Government is formed for the welfare of the individual and not that the individual is formed to be a slave to the Government, That is what we are faced with. That is what we are trying to implant in the world. I am here to say to you that if we could have expended the tremendous sums of money which were necessary to meet Hitler and Mussolini in the development of the resources of this world there would have been no necessity for the slaughter of all the young men of that generation in Europe. Not at all. It is a tremendous outlook that we have for the future of the world as a whole if we can develop the undeveloped parts of the world to meet the pressure of populations in coun- tries ike China and India and Central Eu- rope. tt can be done. It is not impossible. But we have to understand that we are faced with an unmoral force which does not keep its agreements, which does not believe in the things for which this Government stands, and for which the other free governments in the world do stand. Now, it is your duty—you come from every section of the United States—to see if you can’t revive that moral force in our own population that causes a man to give some sacrifice for the welfare of the rest of the human race. That 1s your business. You are taught that. That is a part of your creed, All Iam asking you to do is to help the President of the United States to mobilize the moraj forces in the world to meet the unmoral forces in the world. ASKS COOPERATION OF ALL It can be done, and we are doing it—with some handicaps, I will admit, We have our troubles. Mr, Wilson—Mobilization Director Charles E, Wilson—hee had his troubles, and A987 he wil) have gome more before we get through. But Mr. Wilson and the President of the United States will work those troubles out. This Government is going forward, not back- Ww et We are not in the midst of any political campaign at the present time. In all proba- bility, we will be in the midst of one next ear, and we will meet that situation as we ve met it before. But that is not the object now. The object now is to meet the emergency with which we are faced, and to meet it on.a basis so that everybody will make his proper contribution, and nobody will come out with any special privilege, Now, if you gentlemen will give me a Hft on inet this breakfast will have been worth while. Thank you very much, Banker Dawes Could Tell Them EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JACKSON E. BETTS OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BETTS. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent to extend my re- marks, I include an editorial from the American Banker: Banger Dawzs Coup Tet THem-—~Feperan Expenses Were Cur on Etsze Wren He Was Buocer Director If, there is anyone around the White House or on Capitol Hill who is seriously interested din economizing on nondefense items in the Federal budget, there is a banker who could ' tell them in a very few words how to do it. That banker is Brig. Gen. Charlies Gates Dawes, former Vice President of the United ' States, and previous to that first Director of the Budget, under President Harding, and from 1897 to 1901 Comptroller of the Cur- rency. After World War I, the problem of cutting Government costs back developed after the 1920-21 slump in business and prices. The high cost of living had been a factor in popu- lar resentment toward the Government's policies, and the consequent recession and collapse in prices had had a sobering eco- nomic effect. Wherefore the back-to-nor- malcy slogan and objectives of the incoming Harding regime in 1921. General Dawes was given the budget post. A man of authority, character, and respect among both Government and business cir- cles, General Dawes was given full responsi- bility by the President for seeing that Fed- eral departmental spending was reduced, and the authority to nake that objective effec- tive. The President let it be known that the Dawes orders were law, and when he ordered @ sizable percent lopped off some department's expenses, no one wes permitted to interfere. Expenses were out or else. Cabinet members who tried to protest to the President were told General Dawes' word was law, and it is surprising how many ways departments found to economize, And Gen- eral Dawes became known by newspaper readers as “Hell and Maria Dawes.” Of course, there were the same arguments then aa now, that to reduce this or that item of spending would cripple an essential Gov- ernment service, and cause great political repercussions, The budget chief, however, was firm, and within the year, a substantial budgetary surplus was achieved, which con- tinued through 10 years of Republican ad- ministrations, The budgetary surplus fed the capital markets with debt retirement
A988 ta, and thus aided in the upswing of ‘ness, This in turn brought about «a wituation tn whieh taxes could be reduced, which aided stin further in the stimulation of business. The political reperouasions were all favorabie. General Dawes, now in his eighty-stxth year, and serving In an advisory capacity as chairman of the board of the City National Bank & Trust Co., of Chicago, is the proto~ executive who sooner or tho: in Washington. erly 90 years ago, that authority must be abeclute, and absolutely effective, #0 far ea reducing nonessential Federal expenses are concerned. [If the Truman administration onnnot bring tteelf to this decision and find the right man for the job, then some future administration will, But the fiscal econamy of the United States will not be sound until the right man ts given this job with full au- ‘thority to require economy, and real pros- rity for the United States will continue to ‘be an inflationary mirage. Forest Service Spoils System EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLAIR ENGLE OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Myr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, this week I formally requested our colleague, HarRoLp D. Cooter, chairman of the House Com- mittee on Agriculture, to hold hearings for the purpose of limiting the power of the United States Forest Service over the propose amendments to the present sus- tained-yield law which will prevent the Forest Service from arbitrarily picking and choosing among competitors for Ranch Co., the oldest and most substantial lum- ber company in the area, out of business. CAN LIMIT COMPETTTORS The decision of the Secretary of Agri- culture was not surprising. Cabinet of- competitors in an area for this valuable natural resource. FOREST GERVECK SPOILS STSTEM The language of the present law is the framework for one of the biggest sean- and punish the enemies of the Forest Service. While Congress was preoccu- pied with the war in 1944, and under the favored title of “sustaimed yield,” the Forest Service slipped langywage into the them unprecedented bave the same thing if the Secretary of the Interlor could hand the oil reserves of the Nation around to his friends, or anyone he pleased, on a noncompetitive basis—just he and the friend agreeing on the price. BHOULD AMEND LAW In my apinion, the law should be amended in such a way as to continue the power of the Forest Service to limit the cut out of the naticnal forests, there- by assurin? a sustained yield, but elimi- nating the power of the Forest Service to pick and choose among the bidders for public timber fn the particular ares. Open, competitive, and public bidding has been the traditional method of pro- tecting the public interest in the buying and selling of public nroperty. There \s DO reason or excuse for varying that tra~- ditional rule in dealing with the national Torests—and it is not necessary to do 80 to maintain a sustained yield program. Iam in hopes the Committee on Agri- culture will give me an early hearing. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, and the entire sustained-yield program, worthy in itself, can be perma- nently lost In one or two flagrant cases of Forest Service mismanagement. The Late Jume Greca EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. WALTER E. ROGERS Or TEAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 of Texas, Mr. Speaker Mr, ROGERS > I rise today to pay tribute to June Green, who called by her Maker on the 21st ‘APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD greatness that is sought by snany but at. tained by few. The color of her did not dim the vision of those - nor detract their ability to see and appreciate the understanding, the ten- derness, the kindness, and the sterling : IN THE HOUSE OF LEPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 19, 1951 Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, new dam what {ts right hand ts doing. The following is from a news item ap- pearing in the Battle Creek (Mich.) Enquirer and News of February 16, 1951: The first outright request for Michigan farmers to ev) tion cams from the Government today. The Federal Pro- duction and Marketing Administration now aske farmers to step up their 1951 acreage of corn, barley, and soybeans—crops vital to defense. The State as a whole was asked to boost corn acreage 130,000 acres to 1,820,000; barley acreage, 24,000 acres to 150,000 acres; and soybeans, 13,000 acres to 190,000. Consider this call for more produc- prod One Calhoun County, Mich., farmer, who happens also to be the supervisor of his township, wrote me February 17: The condition of the farm-Labor situation
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Information provided in an article by Robert Enlow, Enquirer and News farm reporter, under date of February 18, throws new light on this trend in the Third Congressional District of Michi- gan. It shows the following decrease in the number of farms as between 1945 and 1950: Branch, 2,446 in 1945 and 2.240 in 1950; Cathoun, 3,106 and 3,060; Eaton, 3,326 and 3,107; Hillsdale, 3,329 and 3,- 295; and Kalamazoo, 2,703 and 2,516. That represents a total of 692 fewer farms in my district in 5 years. This reduction in the number of farms means, in the main, larger farm units, made possible through increased mech- anization. It may be argued that, in some respects, the trend is beneficial, from the standpoint of more efficient, economical, and profitable farm opera- tion, with greater output from less labor. But by the same token, this trend makes it increasingly imperative that the farm labor be highly skilled, And it means that the fewer the persons em- ployed on the individual farm—whether they are members of the owner's or ten- ant’s family, or hired hands—the more indispensable those few are to the inter- rupted operation of the farm. It means something else, too. It means that there will be—indeed already is— much less of an actual or potential pool of farm help for the busy season or for the emergency periods of increased farm production such as the Nation now faces. The effect is fewer opportunities for farm youth to become farmers; fewer oppor- tunities for the type of individual who worked on farms, by day or month, or season, years ago. The trend of this potential farm labor is more and more to the cities and the factories—a trend further stimulated by higher wages. Thus we find it reported that already in Calhoun County farmers are short of help 2 months before the critical period normally begins, and that there are four or five farmers after every available man. All of that, incidentally, before receipt of the word from Washington to increase production of specific defense food items anywhere from 6 to 14 times. Unless food production is to be thrown into utter chaos, the Congress must see to it that the draft law is modified to safeguard, fairly but surely, the man- power already on the farms and essen- tial to farm operations. There is no more vital defense or war production in the entire economy of the Nation. Mandel Nieder EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HUGH B. MITCHELL OF WASHINGTON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. Speaker, the following article on the late Mandel Nieder, one of the Pacific Northwest's outstanding citizens, appeared recently in the Roosevelt American. I feel a@ great personal loss in Mr. Nieder’s pass- ing, as do many others who were in- spired by his constancy of purpose and high ideals: MANDEL Nieper (By Adele Parker) Mandel Nieder, a well-known and popular figure in liberal politics in Seattle, Wash., has departed this life, remembered by thousands of friends, especially for his devotion to pub- lic power, to the cooperative movement in all its phases, and for his hearty support of the New Deal in American politics. Mandel was born in Chicago in 1890. He came to Seattle in 1901. His father, a little earlier, had been attracted to the Pacific Northwest by the Alaska gold rush in the Yukon, where he made himself famous by being the first of the gold seekers to build himself a boat out of a tree. Mandel secured his formal education at the Old South School, at Broadway High School, and as a graduate from the Uni- versity of Washington. He served in France in the First World War in the Medical Corps of the Ninety-first Division, and was cited by Gen. John J. Pershing for bravery under enemy fire. Active in the Norris-LaGuardia organiza- tion for the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his later terms, Mandel was also president of the Washington Public Power League, he was treasurer of the com- mittee Known as the League for CVA, and he was appointed by Gov. Mon C. Wall- gren to the Washington State Resources Council. Taking an active part in the original organization of Seattle’s Group Health Co- operative, Mandel also helped organize the first group called the Progressive Citizens of Washington—a group which later became the Americans for Democratic Action, and in recent years he also served on the Committee for Academic Freedom at the University of Wrchington. In the past 10 years Mandel’s health had been precarious, yet, with frequent periods of rest, he accomplished a huge amount of work in tko interest of democracy and the general welfare. On January 20, 1951, the end came quietly while sitting with his family at home listening to the opera on the radio. Not only Seattle but the entire State of Washington will miss his pleassnt smile and his devotion to the cause of free- dom, prace, and brotherhood. Indians Will Be Made Homeless by Central Arizona Project EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLAIR ENGLE OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, for those who follow the affairs of the AMerican Indians, the Hualapi Tribe of Arizona will present an interesting case history. Twice the Supreme Court has intervened to keep the white man from chasing these Indians off the ground belonging to them by agreement with the Federal Government. Their long struggie to stay on their land will be lost, however, if Congress approves of the central Ari- zona project. I wish at this point to insert in the Recorp 8 memorandum on the history of this Indian tribe and the effect the central Arizona project will have upon it, A989 Memoranpum Re Provisions or 8. 75 ano H. R, 1500, Eranry-sscowp Conoress, Ar- FECTING RiaHTs or INDIANS OF THE HUALAPAT Trix I. IN GENERAL This memorandum reviews provisions of 8, 75, H. R. 1500, and related bills to author- ize the central Arizona project, which au- thorize the Secretary of the Interior to divest the Hualapai Indians of lands within their reservation, for flooding, for construction of camp sites, and for other uses incidental to the project. T. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE HUALAPAL (WALAPAI) RESERVATION The ancestral home of the Indlans of the Hualapai Tribe is located along the Colorado River in northwestern Arizona. In 1874, over their vigorous objection, the Huatapal were forcibly removed from their home range to the Colorado River Reservation, created by act of Congress tn 1865, by the Indian Office of the United States Government. Re- ferring to this attempt the Supreme Court has stated that “their forcible removal in 1874 was not pursuant to any mandate of Congress. It was a high-handed endeavor to wrest from these Indians lands which Con- gress had nevor declared forfelted.”1 The following year, 1875, the Hualapa! left the reservation and returned to their own lands after which it was decided “to allow them to remain in their own range during good he- havior.”? Speaking of the forced removal of the Hualapai, General Scholfield reported on May 24, 1875, to the Adjutant General, as follows: “The Hualapal Indians have been our firm friends for many years, and our active allies whenever their services have been required against the hostile Apaches. In return for their fidelity they have been treated with great injustice and cruelty, They were forced to leave their homes in the moun- tains and go upon a reservation in the Colo- rado desert, where they have suffered from the extreme heat, to which they were unac- customed, from disease, and from hunger, * s * . e “The injustice and bad faith shown by the Government toward the Hualapais and the Indians which General Crook had collected upon the Verde Reservation are calculated to undo as far as possible the good work which General Crook and his troops had accom- plished with so much wisdom and gallantry. It is useless to attempt to disguise the fact that such treatment of the Indians 1s in violation of the just and humane policy prescribed by the President and a disgrace to any civilized country.” * In 1881 the Hualapat, assembled in coun- cll, proposed to an officer of the United States that he “aid them to represent to the proper authorities,” the following proposal: “They say that in the country, over which they used to roam so free, the white men have appropriated all the water; that large numbers of cattle have been introduced and have rapidly increased during the past year or two; that in many places the water ia fenced in and locked up; and they are driven from all waters. They say that the railroad is now coming, which will require more water, and will bring more men who will take up all the small springs remaining. They urge that the following reservation be set aside for them while there is still time: that the land can never be of any great use to the whites; that there are no mineral deposits upon it, as it has been thoroughly prospected; that there is little or no arable land; that the water is in such small quan-~- tities, and the country is so rocky and void United States vy. Santa Fe Railroad Co. (314 U. 5. 839, 355, 86 L. Ed. 260, 274). *Walapai Papers, 8. Doc. 278, 74th Cong,, 2d sess., p. 104. * Walapai Papers, op. cit., p. 108.
A990 of gtasa that tt would not be available for stock rataing. 1 am credibly informed, and from my observations belteve, the above facts to be true. I, therefore, earnestly recommend that the hereafter described reservation be, at as early a date as prace ticeble, set aside from them.” 4 Pursuant to the above proposal a rererva~ tion consisting of some 1,000,000 acres was constituted on July 8, 1881, subject to the approval of the President, President Arthur signed an Executive order creating the Walapat (Huslapal) Indian Reservation on January 4, 1883, The Hualapai Tribe today consists of some 500 members. It ig one of the most seli- reliant Indian banda in the United States, the members of which meke their livings primarily from livestock. The tribe is today entirely self-sustaining and is not & drain upon the United States. They own and maintain some of the finest cattle herds in Arizona, Within a 2-day period in June 1948 they sold $160,000 worth of cattle on their reservation. Il, SUBBEQUENT EFFORTS TO DIVEST THE HIUALAPAL The rights of the Hualapal to the lands within the reservation granted to it were affirmed in 1941 by the Supreme Court ot the United States in the case of United States v, Santa Fe Ratiroed Company (314 U. 8. 389, 86 L. Ed. 260), That case arose out of efforts of the Department of the Interior to give a Yallroad, predecessor to the Santa Fe, some of the land within and without the Hualapal Reservation. The United States in tts own right and as guardian of the Indians brought suit to enjoin the railroad from interfering with possession and occupancy by the Hualapa! of the lands. In an opinion ren- dered on December 8, 1941, the Supreme Court decided that the land within the reser- vation was created by agreement betwoen the United States and the Indians as a perma- nent, not a temporary, reservation which could not be taken from them and given to a railroad. “Such statements by the Secre- tary of the Interior,” said Mr. Justice Doug- jas in the opinion of the Court, “as that ‘title to the odd numbered sections’ was in the respondent (railroad) do not estop the United States from maintaining this suit, for they could not deprive the Indians of their rights any more than could the un- authorized leases in Cramer v. United States (261 U. 8. 219)."¢ IV. PENDING EFFORTS TO OUST THE HUALAPAI FROM THEIR RESERVATION If after the 1041 Supreme Court decision in the Santa Fe case, the Hualapat felt se- cure in their tenure of their reservation, they did not reckon with the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation or the other proponents of the Central Arizons (Bridge Canyon) project. Section 14 of 8. 76 and H. R. 1600, the present bills to authorize the project, con- tains the following provisions re the Hunlapal 1. That in aid of construction, operation, and maintenance of the project “there is hereby granted to the United States” all the Tight, title, and interest of the Indians, in- cluding easementa, rights-of-way, etc., in and to such tribal and allotted lands, in- cluding sites of agency and school buildings and related structures,” as may be designated from time to time by the Secretary of the Interior in order to provide for the con- ¢Walapal Papers, op. cit,, pp. 184-135. * Testimony of Barnett EB. Marks at hear- ings before the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the House Committee on Public Lands on H. R. 984 and 935, Bist Cong,, ist sess., aerial No. 11, pt. 2, p. 858. °United States vy, Santa Fe Ratlroad Co. (814 U, 8. 339, 360, 86 L. Bd. 963, 277). struction, operation, and maintenance of said works and any faoilities incidental thereto, or for the relocation or reconstruc. tion of highways, rallroads, and other prop- tretes affected by said works”; it is also provided that before designation of lands or interests the Secretary shall endeavor to negotiate a contract of purchase from the Indians and falling in that, shall proceed with the designation. 2. That the Secretary of the Interior shal! himself “determine the just and equitable campensation to be made" to the Indians, which compensation shall be in money, prop- erty, or other assets, including righte to elec- tric energy developed at any of the plants authorized in the legislation. $3. Amounts of money determined by the Secretary as compensation for tribal lands are required to be transferred to the Treas- ury of the United States to the credit of the tribe. Amounts due individual Indian allot- tees are require to be paid “to the superin- tendent of the appropriate Indian agency, or such officer as may be designated” by the Secretary of the Interior for credit to the accounts of the individual concerned. 4. That the Secretary of the Interior is au- thorized to use funds deposited to the credit of allottees, in his discretion, for the ac- quisition of other lands and improvements, the relocation of existing improvements, the construction of new improvements on the land so acquired, etc. 6. Where required for the purposes of the act the Secretary of the Interior is suthor- ized to remove Indian cemeteries, and in his discretion, in lieu of requiring payment therefor, to establish cemeteries on such other lands as he may select and acquire for the purpose. 6. The Secretary of the Interior ts author- ized to perform any and all acts ... to carry aut the provisions of this section. In short, we find that section 14 of S. 75 grants to the United States as of the date the bill becomes law, all rights, title, and interest of the Hualapai Indians to lands, cemeteries, facilities, etc., within their reser- vation as may be designated by the Sec- retarv of the Interior as needed “in aid” of the central Arizona project. Further- more, {t constitutes the Secretary of the Taterlor as the judge of what lands shall be taken and the amount and form of compen- sation to be paid therefor. Provision is made that the Secretary shall before desig- nating tribal landa make every reasonable effort to negotiate with the owners, but he alone is the judge of what constitutes a reasonable effort. Compensation is required, but it may be in the form of “money, prop- erty, or other assets” at the discretion of the Secretary. Although the lands may be taken at the time of the passage of the bill, com- pensation may be paid some time later, also at the discretion of the Secretary. The Sec- retary is to pay whatever compensation he deems just, not to the Indians whose lands are taken but to the United States Treasury in the case of tribal lands, and to the Super- intendent of the Indian Agency, in the case of individual aliottees. The powers granted to the Secretary under section 14 of 8. 75 and H. R. 1500 are so broad and ali embracing as to recall the at- tempt of the Indian Department in 1874 to remove the Hualapai from thelr aboriginal home to the Colorado River reservation, an attempt whioh as previously stated the Su- preme Court labeled “a high-handed en- deavor to wrest from these Indians”’ lands which belonged to them. It is to be noted that the entire section 14 of 8. 75 and H. R. 1600, save for two paragraphs, was submit~ ted to the Senate Committes on Interior a Tomuler Affairs by the Department of the *Bupra, n. 1. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD V. HUALAPAL EFFORTS TO RESIST TAKING OF THEIR LANDA The Hualapai made representations before the Senate and House committees consid. ering the central Arizona project authorizing bilis during the last Congress, protesting the arbitrary seizures of thelr lands which 1t authorized. The tribe counct! passed a res- olution approved March 8, 1949, which was sent to members of the Arizona delegation praying “a recognition of the rights of the Hualapai Tribe” in connection with the cen- tral Arizona project bill. To date, their prayer has met with no success. Cut Unnecessary Government Spending EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WILLIAM K. VAN PELT OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. VAN PELT. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I wish to insert into the Conaressiona, Recorp & letter I have received fronr Mr. R. D. Scamehorn, president of the Morgan Co., of Oshkosh, Wis., on the need for reduc- ing unnecessary Government expendi- tures. The letter is typical of others reaching my office pleading for economy. The letter follows: FPrpavary 16, 1951, Hon, Wriam K. Van Pett, House Office Butlding, Washington, D.C. Dear Sm: There has just come to my desk from the National Small Business Men's Ase sociation figures on actual expenditures in peacetime by several different departments of our Government showing the terrific in- crease that has occurred between fiscal years ended June 80, 1940, and June 30, 1950. All of us know that Government spending has been increased by leaps and bounds but ac- tually, I, for one, did not realize that some of the increases had been s0 fantastic as this Tepart shows. Frankly, I had not realized that the De- partment of Commerce expenditures had been increased more than 1,100 percent, nor thet Department of Interior expenditures had been increased about 800 percent. De- partment of Labor shows even a larger in- crease, being approximately 1,400 percent, While the Department of Justice shows in- creased expenditures of a little less than 20 percent, I can understand the reasons why there wotlld be such increased personnel costs. I can also understand why there would be a great increase in the operating expenses of the State Department because of increased personnel, etc. Nevertheless, the increase that has occurred in the State Department in the Inst 10 years would seem to indicate that our Government authorities have lost all sense of balance. In the matter of independent offices, I don't understand an increase of nearly 300 percent, however, it still isn’t so fantastic as the increased costs in the Department of Commerce, Department of Interior, Department of Labor, and the State Department. I realise that bere and there businesamen, &s well as others, have been asking for more Government services, and all these things ooat money. Nevertheless, I fesl there is no exouse for Government buresus attempting to not only satisfy every whim but also to provide great quantities of statistical and Zaotual information, little of which is ever
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Also in this morning’s mail has come to my desk the regular monthly copy from the United States Department of Labor covering “Monthly report of current wage develop- ments, No. 8." This ts a regional report from the Chicago office. Also in this morning's mail was a monthly report entitled “Cur- rent Wage Developments” which gives the national picture. The regional report covers some 19 pages full of information regarding reported wage changes in this area in dif. ferent industries. The monthly report en- titled “Current Wage Developments,” from Secretary Tobin's office, has 66 pages of similar information, some of it being a du- plication. It is nice for business to have this information, but totally unnecessary, and if the cost of providing this and many other kinds of data is the reason for an increase in the budget in 10 years of 1,400 percent, then it seems to me that we had better dispense with a lot of these nice but unessential services. So long as the taxpayers’ money is being spen* for things of this kind, business in- terests would be foolish if they didn’t ac- cept them for whatever the information con- tained therein may be worth. However, many thoughtful people feel that there must be @ sharp and immediate reduction in a lot of unnecessary Government expenses, and right now 1s the time to do It. When our Nation is threatened, most of us are willing to accept added tax burdens to cover the cost of defense preparation. I say this in spite of the fact that many won- der where the so-called best implements of warfare that we had only a few years ago have gone to (this statement allows for ob- solescence). We also wonder what has hap- pened to the billions that have been appro- priated in the last 8 or 4 years for defense efforts, which apparently had not shown up in completed implements of warfare when trouble appeared in Korea a few months ago, Nevertheless, I fully believe we must he ready for all real (not purposely concocted) emergencies. Because we make ready to de- fend ourselves at a cost of billions 1s all the more reason why a lot of other unnecessary billions of expenditure should be cut out, It will take drastic thinking and drastic action to accomplish the objective, and I am writing you again on matters of national legislation because I feel so strongly that the welfare of our Nation is hanging in the bal- ance, Let’s have the courage to really pare off every penny of nonessential spending and then sce to it that the personnel of overstaffed Government bureaus is trimmed off and available to make up the manpower shortage which now obtains in many parts of the country and which other Government bureaus are talking so much about. A sub- stantial number of your constituency with whom I am acquainted subscribe thoroughly to this viewpoint. Yours very truly, R. D. ScAMEHORN, President, Our Most Precious Possession EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. BYRON G. ROGERS OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my re- marks in the Reconrp, I include the fol- lowing address of Albert C. Jacobs, chan- celor, University of Denver, entitled “Our Most Precious Possession,” before the Civitan Club, February 14, 1951: Mr. President and members of the Civitan Club, I am deeply grateful for this oppor tunity to meet with you today and to discuss more fully a proposal which a week ago I outlined rather briefly to the University of Denver faculty. This proposal concerns our most priceless poasession—the Nation’s man- power. In this time of crisis the wise and intelli- gent use of our manpower ts the Nation's most crucial problem. Upon the effective resolution of this vexing question depend the solution of many major current issues, the morale of the youth of our land who have the courage to face anything but uncer- tainty, and the preservation of our cherished freedoms. In resolving this critical problem, it is im- perative that two vitally important necessi- ties be coordinated with the greatest of wis- dom: First, the strengthening in the defense of our way of life of our military forces; and, second, the preservation of the enduring ob- jectives of higher education, namely, basic research, training of specialists of all kinds, and, through education in the lberal arts building the citizens and leaders of tomor- row. The second necessity demands that educational opportunities be available to a sufficient number of qualified students. These two basic necessities must be con- stantly before us. How then are we to guar- antee their effective and coordinated accom- plishment? We start out with a fundamental premise, Our Nation and the civilized world today face an emergency of grave import; freedom is undergoing a challenge without parallel in our history. We are involved in a world-wide conflict testing not merely our military, po- litical, and economic strength, but also our spiritual and moral foundations. The strug- gle is one of life and death between two entirely irreconcilable concepts of political organization and human relationships; two entirely irreconcilable concepts as to the dignity and integrity of the individual. What form the conflict in which we are now engaged will ultimately take is not at the moment clear. At present it threatens world war III. The Korean situation, due to the menacing activity of Communist China, for months has been a keg of dyna- mite. Western Europe and certatn other areas continue zones of potential explosion. But then if the current conflict does not re- sult in the catastrophe of total war—and we pray it will not—and I am by no means con- vinced that our opponents mean a full-scale shooting war-—the tension creating this emergency threatens to dominate world af- fairs for years to come. We must therefore strive unceasingly to make our Nation strong—strong physically and economically, strong intellectually, and strong morally and spiritually, If we are to build and maintain this essential strength, if we are to gird for the defense of our free society, we must be strong in conviction and strong in action, tough with ourselves and tough with those who seek to enslave the world. Let it never be forgotten—we have not and never have had imperialistic aims— we seek only to allow the people of the world self-determination and the right to enjoy the freedoms of freemen. According to the tenets of God and the principles of democracy, we seek respect for the individual, If we are to be tough with ourselves, if we are to gird for the effective defense of free- dom, all Americans today, and perhaps for many years to come, must actively accept the concept of service to the Nation. Each and every one must according to his pare ticular ability do his part in maintaining the blessed freedoms upon which our Nation was founded. In time of emergency, and our Government has recognized its existence, the individual citizens to some extent at least may have to subjugate personal desires to the greater needs of the Nation. One of our present needs ia for trained men who can be called upon if there is further actual physical | threat to our security, We do not want war, in fact, we loathe it, but we cannot tolerate additional aggression against us. We must be ready to back up our beliefs and convic- tions with proof to aggressors that we are ready with men, trained and tough, and with materials, the beat our sclentific and tech- nical Know-how can produce. The men in the Kremlin, just like other dictators before them, respect only military might and phys- ical strength. The material phase of America’s strength causes me no concern. The preparation of materials is and always will be easy for us. Our factories can readily gear up to emer- gency needs. We can out-produce any na- tion on earth. No one can rival our produc- tive genius. The preparation of men, however, is our major problem. Getting tough with ours selves and gearing up our manpower is much more difficult than our material productivity which the whole world respects. We do not and will never relish the thought of becom- ing a warlike people. We love peace and abhor the interruption of normal peacetime pursuits. The unnecessary injury or death of one human being is contrary to our total philosophy and to our religious outlook. What then, in view of the nature of the emergency, is the most effective resolution of our manpower problem? Our Nation, I repeat, today and during the emergency requires services on two broad bases. The Armed Forces, which everyone agrees must be strengthened, must have intelligent, trained young leaders and personnel. At the same time our Nation must maintain its scientific, technical, industrial, profes- sional, and cultural leadership. In seeking a solution of the all important manpower problem, one of the Nation’s most distinguished educators, President James B. Conant, of Harvard University, has sponsored the universal military service plan whereby every man, at the age of 18, would be drafted; there would be no exceptions—those who might ordinarily be IV-F's would be inducted for limited service, or put into activities which they could perform. Note carefully— all at 18 would be required for a period of time to perform service according to their capabilities. This plan would provide the Nation with the needed physical and military strength 80 sorely needed, thereby attaining the firat of the major requirements I have noted, But it would not provide a solution to the second, namely, the continuance of the en- during objectives of higher education; basic research, training specialists of all kinds, and through education in the liberal arts building the citizens and leaders of tomore row. At the best, under this plan, educa- tion would be postponed in the hope it would be resumed at a later date. Furthermore, the military would have complete control over these young men during their most formative years, On the other hand, Selective Service, with the difficult questions of deferment and as- signment—deferring Dick and calling Tom— cannot of itself insure our needed military strength nor guarantee the continuance of the enduring objectives of higher education. In favor, however, of such a plan, my former _ colieague, now the very able president of Amherst College, Dr. Charles W. Cole, argues: “Defer young men capable of profiting from further training (as revealed by teats). Let them go to college at their own or private scholarship expense. Permit them to remain only so long as they meet specified high standards. Require them to serve, after training, 1 month for every month of defer- ment.” I cannot agree that such a plan
A992 would most effectively meet our Nation's long-time needs. After much thought and with due humile ity I venture to suggest that the most effeo~ tive handling of our manpower would be by means of a National Service Act which would require all young men from 18 through at lease 25 to devote a minimum of 2 years to national service, longer if the emergency should so demand. Note, I say national in- stead of military service. I do not contem- plate sending all young men into military service. I am proposing during the contin- uance of the emergency a total draft; there would be no IV-F's; all would be required to render some kind of service, even though it be limited in character. Why do I urge a suggestion so drastic in nature? I do so frankly because of the char- acter of the emergency in which we are in- volved. We are constantly threatened with devastating war, a war in which the releas~ ing of the atom could well destroy the civil- ization we have known. But with World War I, and again, in incomparably greater degree in World War II, war became « great destructive, systematic business, « business in which today, more than ever before, tt is necessary for a nation, and for all individuals in that nation, to stand together when the dire emergency comes. Our 150,000,000 citi- gens must be ready for that day. And war, as we now know it, is not merely a battle of railitary forces; it is an all-out test of a na- tion's entire strength, I therefore propose a minimum period of 2 years in the national service not only to provide urgent military strength, but to in- sure the scientific, technical, professional, and cultural leadership so desperately re- quired. Everyone must perform service of some kind. In this performance the largest freedom of choice consistent with national security should be allowed, Those young men who, on the baais of adequate and effective testing, are found to have a superior capacity for training in higher education or who possess apecial technical aptitudes, should be given the op- portunity by the Government to go to insti- tutions of higher learning or to technical or trade schools. In the case of institutions of higher learning, these should be, if pos- sible, schools in which there are ROTO units, which unite could be utilized for military training purposes. These young men, while continuing thetr education, would receive basic and further military training. They would not, however, be exempt fram ac- tive military service, but would be called upon for such when required by the Nation. The colleges would be in charge of the admis- sion of students and in control of education except the military training. Except, how- ever, in rare cases no one should be required in the performance of his national service to continue against his will his educational activity. In developing this part of my program, I want to make one point clear. What hap- pens in this emergency to any one inetitu- tion of learning is not my main concern. ‘What happens to the Nation and to all free nations is my prime concern. The young men not qualified to continue education, or who do not desire to do so, and who are found fit for military service, would immediately be given the necessary military training. I want to make it clear, however, that no boy would be sent to combat duty until he had passed his nineteenth birthday. Young men found not qualified for fur- ther education or technical training, or for service with the Army, Navy or Air Force, would be utilized according to their capact- ties for limited service of other kinds, There would, as I have said, be no 4-F's, The program which T have had the temet- ity to suggest would, of course, involve a most careful survey of our American youth in all three categories. Testing services _ way of life. which have been developed over the years are fully capable of assuming this great responsibility and would be effectively uti- zed to complement the selective-service mechanism now in use. Selection must of course be in the hands of highly competent experts—testers and educators—tree from all pressures of special groups and individuals, The program which I have outlined would permit the strengthening of our Armed Forces as well as the cantinuance of essential education. In the assignment to national service, the individual's freedom of choice should be respected wherever possible. And it would in a great number of cases, I sub- mit, sinc? the desire of an individual is inex- tricably a part of his natural aptitude. Con- trol, however, would be necessary to prevent large numbers of young men who, trrespec- tive of their capacities, desire to take up arms. This has happened in every war. And, in every war, America has lost great numbers of young men whom the Nation should later have had as civilian leaders, The young man who, on the basis of con- clusive tests, showed superior potentialities for a career in the science laboratory, in medicine, in dentistry, in languages, in teaching, in government, or in work in the skilled crafts, would have the opportunity for further classroom training in the inter- este of greater usefulness to the Nation dur- ing and after the confiict, while at the same time receiving military training. Remember, if we fall to produce replace- ment crops of scientists and technicians, ad- ministrators, and humanists, our national health and welfare, our scientific progress, our material production, our cultural growth will be seriously impaired. While the educa-~ tional cost to the Government might be large, it would be emall in comparison with the loss the Nation otherwise would suffer, The purpose of this proposal is to employ to the fullest degree possible the young man- power of this Nation, our most priceless pos- session, to the end that during and after the emergency we would continue to have an adequate group of leaders in the professions, occupations, and pursuits upon which our Nation must fundamentally depend in the maintenance of our way of life. We would also have the physical strength which we will sarely need for years to come. And further, tn the interest of economy, we would be utilizing to the utmost the exist- ing and available facilities of our institutions of learnings, institutions which have throughout our history been the strongest guardians of our freedom. To be frank with you, I dislike intensely the idea of requiring anyone to perform service of any Kind. Would that we lived in @ world where such would never be neces- sary, but unfortunately we do not at this moment. We have had to have price and wage controls, priorities on basic materials. And, if we are to emerge victorious, we must during the current emergency have certain personnel controls. American youth must be asked temporarily by their fellow citizens to serve their country in the most effective manner so that the wellsprings of strength ‘which virtually dried up in World War Tt will not again be tmpaired. My proposal is the opposite of regimenta- tion, which is ao contrary to the American It is built upon the major premise of permitting the fullest possible ‘ development of an individual's capacities, consistent of course with the national wel- fare in the time of emergency. It aims to permit the maximum of education for thase Qualified therefor, but at the same tims pro- ‘viding them with military training. It is not in the national Interest fot a. boy ob- viously qualified for treatment of the sick or wounded to be assigned arbitrarily for a period of time to guard duty or to flying an airplane. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ' We are not doing business as usual to-~ day. We are in a serious emergency. It is a stepped-up, accelerated education and training about which I am talking, a real- istic facing of needa, and of action appro- priate to the needs. But on this stepped- up plane, we must allow a new business-as- usual attitude tf our Nation is to survive the attacks from without and be strong from within. With this in mind, I have submitted my plan, I appreciate sincerely the opportunity to discuss these important matters with such an intelligent citizenry and to develop more fully the views I presented to our faculty. You and I have but one interest—the pres- ervation of our freedoms and the American way of life, A Sordid Story of Defense Spending ee EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL CUNNINGHAM oF Iowa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRFSENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include a news item from the Ames Daily Tribune, Ames, Iowa: GENERAL FILTER AND THE AIR FORCE—~oR A Bip in THe Hanp Is Worrh Two IN THE BusH—MAveBE (By Bernie Kooser) Winston Churchill had once said it some- thing like this: “Never have so many owed so much to so few.” Mr. Churchill was referring to Great Britain's beleaguered millions in the posi- tion of the debtor and to an air force as the creditor. Last week as a small-business man from the Middle West boarded his plane for home after a week's visit to the Nation's Capital, Congresamen, taxpayers, and believers in governmental efficiency were phrasing it thus: “Nover have ao few owed so much to so many.” TRUTH WANTED In the position of the debtor was an alr force. The commodity owed was truth as to why a low bid for Air Force demineralizers had been rejectad. The small-business rep- resentative tiredly hurrying back to his busi- ness was Joe P. Lawlor, president of the General Filter Co., of Ames, TARGET AIR FOKCE The Ames man, a veteran of both World ‘War I and World War II, had operated in close support of the United States Air Force as a commander in the United States Navy, Civil Engineer Corps during the last war, but as he moved in on Washington, he was attempting to bring down to earth that same air force—and he found willing helpers. Lawlor, who last month estimated that 50 percent of his business dealings have been with governments, had increased that percentage considerably in the 10 days he spent in W: ,» a8 he talked with Rep- resentative; and Senators, newsmen, and all othersand there were scores—-who would Haten to his story. That story included, if one may draw con. - , Stusions; 1. One of the best run-arounds since the “epic chase of the monkey and the weasel atound the mulberry bush. 2. Behind-the-scenes maneuvering on war contracts bids. ~-
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ...§. AD apparent abandonment of that to the low bidders—other things bene approximately equal—go the contracts. 4. A hint as to how millions of dollars of defense money is being spent, or misspent, FLYING SAUCER Those who listened to the story told the bustnessiike Mr. Lawlor also ‘could ana in it a hint that the United States does possess flying saucers several times faster than anything yet conceived by man. There also was a tip-off that ‘the United States Air Force, which was having troubles on the filter market, had itself developed a filter, apparently of revolutionary concept, which screened out and discarded lowest-cost bida while allowing bids mcre costly to the Government to pass through, As he returned to Ames, Saturday after- moon, Lawlor was resigned to having lost the contract tor 106 demineralizers for the Air Force, was proud of the newspapers and newsmen who had carried the story of his fight to get the contract. That fight had included months of plan- ning, research, analyzing, contacting sup- Pliers, screening quotations, assembling data, making arrangements for testing and finally submitting, on November 18, 1950, a bid of $348,591, as compared to the bid of 6409,842 which won the contract for another corpo- ration, The fight also was marked by General Filters careful following of regulation chan nels and rules for bidders on Government contracts, But while he returned to Ames resigned to having lost the contract, the headman of the Ames firm was not reconciled to certain statements reflecting on his company, and he was not reconciled to the way the Gov- ernment was apénding money, AID PROMISED Behind him in Washington, D. ©., he had left several who promised aid. Senator Guy GiLurrrs, the Democratic Iowa Senator, had promised to help. In complete agreement with Senator Git LETTE was Republican Senator Bourke Hrcrenioorm:, Senator Gruetre was on the Senate Small Business Committee and in po- sition to level guns at the high-flying Air Force. In the House, Representative Pau, Cune NINGHAM had taken the floor to tell his col- leagues: “No satisfactory explanation has been given to the General Filter Co., of Ames, lowa, as to why its bid was rejected. Bxplanations have been offered as & result of protests filed by the General Filter Co., of Ames, and each explanation is different than the previ- ous one, and each one is just about as ridicu- lous and unfounded as the fact that $61,250 of the taxpayers’ money was spent unneces- sarily on a €350,000 to $400,000 contract. T have computed the amount of money lost to the taxpayers by rejecting the bid of the Gen- eral Filter Co. and awarding the contract to the Rifinite Corp. of Omaha to be approxi- mately 15 percent. “Mr. Speaker, if all the contracts now bee ing let, and to be let, by the Government are to be awarded on thir kind of basis, it means that $150,000,000 out of every $1,000,000,000 will be an absolute lose to the taxpayers, or 61,500,000,000 out of every $10,000,000,000; €3,000,000,000 out of every $20,000,000,000 and €15,000,000,000 out of every $100,000,000,000. “Is tt any wonder that the people are dis- satished with the way the Government is handling its business affairs? Is it any won- Ger they are protesting additional taxes when they Know things like this sre going on? Just why, Mr. Speaker, when sealed bids are called for and # responsible company submits a bid, supported by a sufficient performance bond and proper financial statements, is such @ bid rejected, and it awarded another com- XCVI—App.————-63 y whose bid is 15-percent higher. Ys this avoritigmn, or is it just plain stupidity? The Cowongsstona, Recoup, which reports many things, reported no answers to Paun Cunninanam’s question. UNEASINESS But there seemed to be an increasing un- easiness accompanying an increasing aware- ness by the Nation's lawmakers that all has not turned out well with legislation giving blanket authority to the President. Most recent of the Executive orders re~ sulting from that blenket authority had carried this illuminating paragraph in au- thorizing the Department of Defense to enter into contracts: “Advertising, competitive bidding and bid, payment, performance or other bonds or other forms of security need not be re- quired.” Several thousand words later, the Execu- tive, apparently as after-thought, said: “The provisions of * * * this order are hereby extended to the Department of Commerce.” It wouldn't have surprised Jota of prople had another paragraph made the order retro- petive to the Civil War. Bvt that may come ater, Still coming up in the case of General Filter and its bid ts-a hearing by the Senate Small Business Committee at which Lawlor will seek a retraction of the statement by the Air Force that the local firm did not have the facilities to handle the order for 105 mineralizers. But though the full story of the case was discouraging to taxpayers, there were certain phases of it which might possibly be regarded as amusing if they had not been part of the whole. One of them concerned ea telephone call made by Mr. Lawlor to Maj. W. C. Nichols, chief of section of the Procurement Field Office at Chicago. Mr. Lawlor asked the whereabouts of Albert King who was sup- posed to have been in Ames at the time of the phone call, inspecting facilities of the local company for Major Nichols. Before the call was ended, King walked into the office of Major Nichols and was put on the phone. A possible explanation of this ia that King was transported beck to Chicugo from Wichita in time to talk to Lawloi and that this may be the tip-off that the United States does possess flying saucers capable of meeting Jurt such schedules, but up to now used only in such emergencies. 4s Lawlor today scouted around for other work for his company to do, he estimated that the unsuccessful attempt to secure the contract for demineralizers had cost his com- pany about 83,000. It was agreed generally that !t would be the best 63,000 ever spent if 1t could do anything to make government More efficient, Manchester Boddy on the Straggle for Survival EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLAIR ENGLE OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to make a part of the Recorp the thought- provoking article by Manchester Boddy in the Los Angeles Daily News of Feb- ruary 16, 1951. Manchester Boddy has an extremely broad grasp of the world situation, and although his penetrating A983 analysis of our current troubles is not consoling, it does, I think, help us to face up to the basic problems. The article referred to follows: Gasar Desats Stms Baorm or Cynic The great debate continues. There is & wider gulf between former President Herbert Hoover and his fellow Repubitcan, Gov. Tom Dewey, than ever there was between Democrats and Republicans in a national election. While Herbert Hoover has changed his position somewhet since his so-called isola- tionist pronouncement of December 20, 1980, he 1s still opposed to sending masses of American land soldiers and huge quantities of things to Europe as the most effective means of stopping aggreasion by Russia, Governor Dewey, on the other hand, speaks for a very large section of the Republican Party that believes the United States should consider Europe and Asia as front-line battlegrounds in the defense of the United States. Listening to the debaters one gets the un- comfortable feeling that there are two sure ways in which the United States can commit suicide: one, by following Herbert Hoover's advice; the other, by not following it. As usual, even the great debate with all of its implications is being studied by a rela- tively small minority of American citizens. The vast majorty assumes that the problems of the moment have been created by the blunders of irresponsible, stupid politicians, These impatient people, annoyed by the inconveniences of a national emergency, like to do their duty by repeating over and over; “Aren’t we all allly? Why don't the world leaders just sit down around a table and say: ‘Come now, let’s have peace,’” Or, they suggest some other bit of magip that could cure the world of its ills prac- tically overnight if our leaders had the cour~ age, or the sense, or the patriotism to act. “But,” the talk goes on, “since they won't do the right thing, why should I be both- ered?” Constant criticlam of the Government gives moral support to the citizen who wants to find an excuse for business, politics, and social life as usual. “After all," he argues, “if the people in Washington are all wrong, why should I be right? When the powers that bo decide to run the Government and its foreign polictes my way, they can count on my support—but not until then.” The wise individual, it seems to me, will think through and beyond the loud and con- vincing words of the current debate and seek & solid foundation of fact. If he succeeds, he will be able to measure the true value of speeches, editorials, radio comment, laws, policies, and actions dealing with the world crisis, For what it is worth, here is an outline of my own thinking on the matter of our world crisis: 1. All nature is constantly seeking bale ance. 2. The relatively sudden advent and de- velopment of modern science has created a temporary state of terrific unbalance in the world: (8) Western civilization did not expand the area of its growth. (b) World popula- tions jumped from approximately 860,000,- 000 at the turn of the eighteenth century to more than 2,250,000,000. 8. Instead of using solence to produce the means of survival for this new mass man, western civilization used it to destroy pro- ductive wealth: (a) The last two world wars destroyed more Wealth than all other wars combined. 4. Mass man could win his struggle for survival in only two waya: (a) Using science to produce sufficient food, clothing and shelter, and (b) using a world organization turough which injustices in
A994 distribution of opportunities could be cor- rected and basic freedoms guaranteed, or 5, Western civilization could solve the problem by continuing warfare until world populations have been reduced to the point where people and earth are once more in balance. 6. After making the best efforts possible, considering the state of the world and the Gegree of wisdom possessed by its people, western civilization has been forced to adopt war, and preparation for war, as the means of insuring survival. This being true, we may expect the years shead to be filled with peril. The inces- gant, irresistible movement toward balance will be characterized by bloodshed, disease, abject poverty—and eventually the destruc- tion of vast numbers of people, The United States has enjoyed vertical growth and today towers high above the quivering, struggling population mass of the world. Can we maintain our position? I find it worth while to study the great debate with that question in mind. Dr. Lee de Forest, the Father of the Elec- tronic Age EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CHET HOLIFIELD OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I am today introducing legislation to author- ize the President to award the Medal for Merit in the name of Congress to Dr. Lee de Forest, “The Father of the Electronic Age.” Congress established the Medal for Merit in 1942 to honor civilians who “dis- tinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services.” Most awards of the medal were made before 1948 to honor those making particularly valua- ble contributions to the prosecution and winning of World War IT. A total of 404 persons have received the award, leaders in industry, govern- ment, and science. The most recent re- cipient was Ambassador John J. Muccio, who served as United States Ambassador in Seoul, Korea, through the evacuation. President Truman presented the Medal for Merit to Muccio at his historic meet- ing with General MacArthur in the mid- Pacific last fall. It is my belief that the recognition ex- tended to the scientists who developed the atomic bomb and radar should also be given to Dr. de Forest, who invented the three-electrode tube upon which ra- dio, recording, radar, and even splitting the atom are based. Modern living and modern warfare would be impossible without the contri- butions made by Dr. de Forest. In 1906 Lee de Forest invented the audion, or three-electrode tube, first as the most sensitive radio detector known, later as an amplifier capable of amplify- ing infinitesimal electric currents by more than 100,000,000 times, and later as @n oscillator, or generator of electric currents of any frequency up to 10,000,- 000,000 cycles per second—a generator destined shortly to replace every other type of radio—telegraph and telephone— transmitter. This promethean tube has been recognized by the highest authori- ties as the most important and mosé use- ful invention of the twentieth century— Nobel prize winner Dr. I. I. Rabbi de- scribes the three-electrode tube as “so outstanding in its consequences that it ranks with the greatest inventions of all time.” Charles F. Kettering wrote: The spectacular growth of electronics to an enormous industry employing over a mil- lion workers and benefiting untold millions of people in all parts of the world may be said to have begun with that event— The creation of the tube. Dr. Irving Langmuir, Nobel prize win- ner, wrote: The revolution—brought about by this tube—has been as great in its way as that which may now be envisioned in other flelds through our new control of nuclear power. This electronic amplifier of Lee de Forest has made possible all long-dis- tance wire telephone, transoceanic radio telephony and picture transmission, fac- simile, radio broadcasting, the public address system, the talking-motion pic- ture, perfect recording and reproduc- tion of phonograph music. Modern aviation and the automatic pilot would be impossible without it. Our guided missiles and the proximity fuse—the present rapid calculating machines for range finding—all attest its priceless value in warfare. Radar, loran, and sonar depend throughout on its magical aid. Even the atom bomb requires the tube in the manufacture of its ingredi- ents. With it the engineer can now command the electron to do his bidding. For the first time he has a hold on elec- tricity itself, not just its manifestations. The electron tube enables the scientist to split the atom, and measure the heat from stars infinitely distant, extending boundlessly man’s knowledge of his uni- verse. Already this thermionic tube is at work in a thousand industries. It will enter thousands more. Electronic devices control highspeed wrapping of pack- ages, delicately fill bottles to the proper level, remove slate from coal at the mines, level elevators, open doors, detect smoke and fumes, measure vibrations and thickness. In uncounted factories electronic energy heats, welds, cements, selects, and counts, saving man from limitless hours of tedious toil. A hun- Gred technical institutes devote their re- sources to research and study in elec. tronics. Not content with the achievements of this promethean tube, Dr. de Forest de- voted 10 years of his active manhood to the pioneer development of sound-on- film talking pictures. Years before the Jazz Singer film was heard, the de For- est phonofilm was installed in New York Broadway theaters, and in various cities over the East and South, He it was whose heroic efforts in the early twen- ties broke down the skeptical produc. ers’ insistence that “the public did not want motion pictures.” ‘Here was an- other instance of his heroic pioneering which has completely revolutionized an- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD other gigantic industry, just as the radio broadcast and television have totally metamorphosed our home life and the politica) thinking of every civilized peo- ple the world over. Dr, de Forest has been awarded many honors, among which are the Legion of Honor and Prix la Tour by France, the Elliott Cresson Medal of the Franklin Institution, the John Scott Medal of the city of Phila- delphia, the gold medal of the Insti- tute of Radio Engineers, of which he has been president and cofounder, gold medals of St. Louis World Exposition and Pan-Pacific Exposition, and the Ed- ison Medal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Honorary de- grees have been conferred upon him by Yale University, Syracuse University, and the Lewis Institute of Chicago. He has been awarded nearly 300 United States patents. Dr. Lee de Forest, now in his seventy- eighth year, is still busily at work on electronic problems in his Los Angeles laboratory, a hale and hearty American, universally honored for his priceless contributions to our modern living. He most richly deserves the honor which the here-proposed bill will confer upon him. Will War Come in 1951? EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. E. C. GATHINGS OF ARKANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, in reading the mail that comes to me from the district and from throughout Arkan- sas, I find that many questions are asked which are most pertinent to the issues with which we are confronted. What are the chances of war with Russia? Will war come this spring or during the year 1951? Should the satellites, Al- bania, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, attack Yugoslavia, would that mean all- out war? These questions indicate the thinking of the American people; they are concerned about the danger which our Nation faces. They want to know what measures are being taken to pro- tect our interests, Should Moscow order a march on Yugoslavia, it would mean the start of world war III, There is little doubt about it. The Western Powers would join hands with Tito’s forces in an alle out defense of that country in order to prevent the spread of the aggression to other countries in Europe. The United Nations would be appealed to for an immediate declaration of aggression against the satellite countries and, fur- ther, would ask for troop aid for Yugo- slavia. The steps that are being taken by America in the present crisis would pro- vide only partial mobilization. Enough of an effort is being made which is in. tended to bring out unequivocally that this Nation means to prepare on a sound
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD basis to meet any threat which might en- aué. The door is left open at all times to discuss fully with Russia a complete set. tlement of all differences which exist. The Govecnment of the United States ia engaged in a long-range program of preparedness—not an overnight mo- bilization effort. Apparently the leaders in our Armed Forces set-up feel that the chances are better than a 50-50 proposi- tion that Russta will not move in 1951, It is felt that to increase our forces to 3,500,000 is most desirable. The Air Force has moved up from 54 groups to 70 and is undergoing another expansion at this particular moment to a 96-group force. General Spaatz is urging a 300- group Air Force. This, in my opinion, is quite a bit optimistic. More emphasis is being placed on pro- viding a reservoir of trained men through the medium of universal military train- ing. Under UMT the young man would enter the service of his country immedi- ately upon complotion of his high school course or upon attaining his eighteenth birthday, whichever is later. The idea is to give him 27 months service prior to his entering college or business. The stockpile of atomic weapons being produced by the Nation is steadily in- creasing. This alone has been one of the principal factors in no aggressive move being made by Russia in the Middle East, Yugoslavia, Berlin, or Vienna, There are advantages in Russia moving this spring. Yet it is believed that the disadvantages outweigh whatever gains she might have by attempting to overrun Western Europe. The mein deterrent to such an aggression by Russia is the known fact that should she start a war in Western Europe, every industrial center in Russia would be hit by atomic attack through the medium of the long range bombers which could be based at fairly close range. There are many significant factors which attest to the futility of Russia's at- tacking in 1951. Among them are: First, Russia could not win a long war with the United States. Second. It would be unlikely for the Soviet Union to attempt a war in Europe while the Korean conflict is in progress, Third. Russia’s oll supplies are short. Fourth. The Soviets are dubious about the reltability of the satellite nations, Russia is strong today, and America is just beginning a real program of defense. To strike now would be tempting, as the industrial capacity of Western Europe or the Middle East oi] resources would be prizes of major proportions, The gam- ble, however, is too big. United States Needs Press Agent EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. DONALD L. O'TOOLE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr, O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rrce orp, I include the following editorial from the Bay Ridge Record: Untrren States Nezna Passe Acsnt What this country needs is a good press agent, 8 competent man or woman who will publicise the power and the might and the ability of the United States. The nearest we have come to this point in recent years is the series of stories that are coming out of Las Vegas, Nev. In truth and in fact these, stories, true or false, are enough to put real fear into the hearts of the communistic Russians and to make them think a dozen times before they tempt us to drop our bombs on Russian territory. “Flash Seen 600 Miles Away’'—“Explosions felt hundreds of miles from the testing grounds”—“Radioactive clouds hover at 11,- 000 feet over Sunrise Mountain.” Power of such stories should not be underestimated. It ds to be assumed the Russians have imagina- tion and that they can visualize what would happen to their country if the bombs were dropped on Russia rather than in mere ex- periments in Nevada. For too great a time we have had dis- gruntled people in the United States who constantly kick and gripe at everything, the taxes, the draft, the high cost of \iving, our foreign policy, the actions of the President, and scores of other matters and while there may be and doubtless is considerable basis for such discontent it would be far better, particularly at this time, to keep such thoughts and kicks to our individual selves. It gives Russia much happiness to read and learn that there is so much apparent discontent here. It would be real smart if the people here would reverse their attitudes for the time being and have every man, woman, and child, start acting like high- priced, high-powered press agents for the United States. We receive little, if any, bad news about the Russians but we do hear enough to give us the impression that every- thing in Russia is hunky dory; that every- one is happy, well fed, and contented and able to take on the United States and the world at any time it wishes to do ao. Small Businesses and Taxation EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOHN J. SPARKMAN OF ALABAMA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Tuesday, February 27 (legislative day of Monday, January 29), 1951 Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that there be printed in the Appendix of the Recorp a letter sent to the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. O’Manonry] by Mr. C. Wilson Harder, president of the National Fed- eration of Independent Business. There being no objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the Recor, as follows: FPeasoary 1, 1951. Hon. Joseru C. O'Manonry, Chairman, Joint Committee on the Eco- nome Report, Senate Office Butlding, Washington, D. C. Dean Bewatos O'Mattoney: We are happy to reply to your letter of January 24, inquir. ing the reaction of the Nationsl Federation of Independent Business, Inc., to “the main recommendations made by the President in ° Pad Pirst. The membership of the federation has expremed tteetf repeatedly in favor of balanced Federal budgets. Therefore, we A995 feel safe in stating that they would favor a pay-as-you-go tax program. Their approval of such a program is con it, however, on two factors; (a) That the weight of the tax load be not so great ae to promote the same inflation as would follow from deficit fnanc- ing; and (b) that the weight of the tax load be not so great, or so inequitably distributed, as to destroy small and independent bust- neas, whose continued vital existence ts proof of the presence of freedom of opportunity and competitive enterprise in our country, and which can make such great contributions to national stabtiity. Your attention ts called to the fact that during the closing days of the Highty-first Congress, efforts which happlly fatled, were made by giant industry groupe to “sell” Con- grees on a substitute for the proposed excess- profits tax law which would have bur- dened consumers, unincorporated businesses (which are mainly small and independent erterprives), and small and independent cor- porations very heavily, while permitting giant firms to get off with much lighter tax loads than under the excess-profits law (see copy of our testimony before the Senate Fi- nance Comniittee, Dec. 8, 1950). These ef- forts would have gone far, had they been suc- cessful, to accomplish the damage to small and independent business outlined in the paragraph above. In this connection we polnt out that small and independent enterprise js particularly susceptible to tax damage at this time be- cause of the impact of the defense pro. gram, or, shall we say, the inequitable ad- ministration of this program. Letters are received by us daily from small and inde« pendent businesamen who have been fore- closed from thelr normal civilian production because of materials shortages. Yet these businessmen in many instances have not been able to secure compensating defense ' production orders. In face of these facta, they are having to contend with the infla- tionary upsurge which is continually raising their costs of operation, They are under« going a equeeze, and any tax program which will add overheavily to their burden may destroy them and deprive the Nation of their needed services. Elimination of these small and independent businesses will deprive Government of an important source of tax revenue. In our opinion, the consequent expansion of giant enterprise to fill the gap will not provide sufficient tax compensation to overcome the revenue loss caused. Also in this connection we atrongly urge Congreas to close the loopholes in present tax law. Our membership has recommended repeatedly that cooperative business enter- prises be compelled to pay taxes in the same manner ae their unincorporated and corpo- rate enterprise competitors. We are con- scious of the fact that differences in tax structures exist between unincorporated and te forms of business organization, that even within these forms of organination isparities exist. However, these differences, both external and internal, are not so great, neither are they so lethal, ac those existing between unincorporated and corporate forms of business organization, on the one hand, and cooperative forms of business organiza~ tion, on the other. It seems that a greater question than that of raising money for de- Tense expenditures is here involved, and that that question ts one of fair sharing of bur dens. It is in this spirit that we recommend action on the tax loopholes avallable to coop~ eratives, Second. It is the sense of cur membership that economies can be effected by Govern- ment in both the defense and nondefense Seida, Defenae-spending economies can be effect~ ed, first, through extension rather than con- traction (00 ee the cove) in Es lgple-sa ° bids metho procurement. ver~ tised-bid method of procurement permite
A996 mote widespread small and independent business participation in the defense produc- tion effort, strengthens the element of come petition for Government procurement, and logically should result in lower costs for the military and lessened Government spending. Bubstitution of the advertised-bid method of procurement for negotiated-type procure- ment should effect great savings, particu- larly in highly concentrated industries, like steel, aluminum, copper, and rubber, where the tendency on the part of smaller firms ts to conform to the price leadership of giant firms, Greater use of small and independent busi- ness facilities in the defense effort should have other economy-making effects. First, it will eliminate the necessity for construc- tion of additional big-business plants, which 18 & drain on stocks of short-supply materials, and in many instances on United States Treasury funde—either through direct Gov- ernment spending or tax favors. Second, it should stimulate technological advances, re- sulting in the manufacture of better products for the same costs or products of equal qual- {ty at lower costs, Third, it should help eliminate wasteful build-up of backlogs in giant plants and wasteful use of manpower productive, In this connection, members of the fed- eration have recommended to their Congress- men favorable action on bills introduced by Representative WricuT Patman, House Small Business Committee chatrman, and Senator JOHN SPARK MAN, Senate Small Business Com- mittee chairman, for establishment of 4& Small Defense Planta Corporation. These bills, with which Members of Congress are familiar, would, it is felt, establish an agency im Government which would be capable of providing the small and independent busi- ness participation in the defense program which is so badly needed. Bconomies can also be effected in this de- fense effort by more willingness on the part of the military to Msten to amail and inde- pendent business suggestions, For instance, within the past few months, one of our mem- bers, a firm in the motor-vehicle-rebuilding fleld, suggested to the military that the re. condition surplus World War II vehicles now tn the hands of exporters and dealers for military and civilian defense use within the confines of the continental United States. ‘This federation member suggested that such rehabilitation of these old vehicles could be accomplished at a fraction of the cost to Gove ernment of new vehicles. At the same time, it 1s logical to comment that this suggestion would curtail the drain on short-supply ma- terials and release manpower for other tasks. Yet, so far ag we have been able to determine, his suggestions have gone into the scrap basket somewhere along the line. We are sure that this condition has been repeated, and is being repeated, over and over again by the military in their procurement and spending program. ‘ In this general connection we strongly urge that greater care be taken to secure appointment of bona fide small and inde- pendent business representatives in the vari~ ous Government agencies supervising and consulting on the defense program, that the recommendations of presently existing bona fide smati and independent business repre- sentatives In these agencies be given greater weight im the reaching of decisions, We are happy that such representation as does ex- ist in these agencies does exist. But we know from practical day to day dealings that this representation t¢ not adequate. And we know that this inadequacy is to a great Gegree robbing the fine small and independ- ent business policies ordered by the admin. istration and the Congress of much of their vitality. In the fleld of nondefensa spending, econ. omies can be effected through curtailment or complete elimination of Government sub- sidy programs to business as well as to agrie culture and of #0-called social welfare pro~ grams. We are now entering on a period of high business activity and high wages and salaries promoted to a great degree by Gov- ernment spending for defense. Government subsidies to agriculture, in the form of price support programs, seem dangerous and senseless, dangerous in the sense that they inject Federal competition with consumers, senseless in the sense that with high stabi- lized wages sufficient demand exists to care for farm output. Government subsidies to business are in the same category—for busi- nesa activity is equally assured. The social welfare program—such as compulsory na- tional health insurance and expanded se- curlty programs—seem equally unnecessary in this period of assured employment at relatively stable, high personal income. Briefly, at a time when the drain on the Federal purse is s0 great, what is the point in trying to help those who are able to help themselves? Third, there is considerable opposition among our members to indirect controls such as consumer and business credit controls. However, our membership has indicated that the indirect controls are favored over direct price controls and wage controls and rationing. There is a considerable segment of our membership which feels that controls now existing in certain lines are useless since they do not go far enough, that they merely restate the conditions of sale which soundly operating independents had been imposing all along. Some feel that the controls have brought about some greater equality between giant and small and independent sellers. Others of our members who had complained of the dampening effect of the controls now state they are no factor in the demand situ- ation, since materials shortages are domi- nant. In all this we strongly recommend that the Congress consider the fact that the controls as they exist are no deterrent on well-fixed consumers, of which there evi- dently are a considerable number, but that they definitely are a serious deterrent on lower wage groups whose actual needs are more real and more pressing than those of their financial betters. Fourth, the Federation membership has voted time and again against Government price and wage controls and rationing, Generally it can be said that there is pref- erence within Mmits as set forth in the preceding paragraph, for indirect controls. However, it may be significant to note that in 1947 only 15 percent of our members fa- vored reimpoaition of price and wage controls, while in September 1960, 44 percent favored imposition of these controls, The big ques- tion, so far as small and independent busi« ness is concerned, on price and wage con- trols is that of administration. Surveys by this organization during mid-World War IT revealed general small and independent business backing of such controls, but as time passed and regulations adversely af. fecting independent enterprise were en- forced, this backing turned to opposition, This is a matter which might be given some deep consideration by those in the Price Stabilization Office who desire to limit black marketing (which we heartily despise) by freezing the channels of particular business vocations, evidently indiscriminately. In any event, personal contact with some of our members desiring direct controls indl- cates that they desire the controls across the board; in short, the feeling is that you can't regulate prices unless you regulate costs. How, logically, Government could - reguiate prices and wages without rationing, as much as it is despised, is a question we do not feel competent to answer. Finally, we cannot urge too strongly the importance of a continuing, vigorous anti- truat enforcement program to our Nation. Had such enforcement taken place in years past it is entirely possible that many of the dire shortages which now confront us and APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD which are being used to plague both the Nation and small and independent business would not exist. Albeit, vigilant enforce- ment of these laws at the present will do much to preserve the vitality of small and independent enterprise and insure {ts con« tinued ability to serve the Nation’s needs. More than thie, such enforcement will safe- guard our American tradition of treedom of opportunity, which so sharply differentiates our Nation from the dictatorships whom we are fighting, and which makes our system such an inspiring beacon of hope to op- pressed peoples all over the world. Our membership has voted time and again for continued, vigorous enforcement of these laws, and insists that now is not the time to discontinue such enforcement on specious pleas of war necessity by companies under prosecution. Periods of grave national emorgency like this are traditionally times of great expansion on the part of giant enter- prise. We must be on guard to insure that this expansion, as so easily could happen, does not occur at the expense unfairly of small and independent enterprise, In this connection, we call your attention at this point to the fact that our vice presi- dent, George J. Burger, a member of the Business Advisory Committee to the Presi- dent's Council of Economic Advisers, has re- peatedly stressed, in Business Advisory Oom- mittee meetings, the need for continuing vigorous enforcement of our antitrust laws to bring about increased production. It is needless to belabor this sound point, since it is only nec_ssary to recall to memory the deadening effect of monopolies and cartels on the productive resources of Europe and Asia, We thank you for this opportunity to pre- sent our viewpoint to your committes, and assure you of our continued cooperation in any and all of your committee's important endeavors. Sincerely yours, C. Winson Harper, President, National Federation of Independent Business, A Distorted Picture EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. GEORGE M. RHODES OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 27, 1951 Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Ap- pendix of the Recorp, I include herewith a article from the Philadelphia Bul- etin: A Derorren Prorunse—Truman Is Not THE Smati, INCOMPETENT Man His Detracrors Wounp Paint Him (By Ralph W. Page) A serious hendicap to the effectiveness of the national effort in times of stress is our custom of deprecating our own chosen leaders. Popular appraisal of public figures is based upon stereotyped descriptions incessantiy broadcast by partisan political propagandists, These consist almost exclusively of detrac- tions and belittlements, The resulting picture 1s usually a distor- tion so absurd that it takes years for serious historians to dispel the muck and present a factual portrait. This consistent defamation has applied particularly to our Presidents. The more capable they appear in retrospect, the greater . was the intemperate abuse to which they were subjected when in office.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Grotedque and indecent representations and ecocusations were common currency against Washington, Jefferson, John Quincy am Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson, and Roose- velt. Now it is the fastion to turn this custom- ery flood of criticism and sneer upon Presi- dent Truman. He is the chosen leader of our people carrying an tmposs‘ble burden of chotce in a dread crisis, unavoidably com- peiled to make decisions unpopular with one Fl etngther of our powerful conflicting (tions. SAME AMMUNITION ALWAYS USED People who accept and retail the version of his detractors that he is a small, incom- petent, uninformed mistake should reflect that precisely the same thing has always been, and would be, proclaimed about any conceivable man in the same position. The bane, of course, is all-pervading pol- itics. Opinion is not either realistic or ob- jective. It is directed either by intent to influence future elections, or by particular protagonists whose personal interests are interfered with by the inevitable regulations of the crisis. In a series of articles in the New York Times Arthur Krook, the dean of Washing- ton correspondents—who usually doesn’t agree with Presidential policy—has rendered the Nation a great service by stripping this veil of belittlement and presenting a reason- ably true picture of the earnest, capable, studious, and purposeful captain of the American team, a captain who would enlist the support and consideration of the mem- bers {f he were captain of any other kind of American team. Take Your Choice, Buddy EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. DWIGHT L. ROGERS OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 27, 1951 Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased and privileged, for the second time, to place in the ConarEs- sIonAL Recorp, a Freedoms Foundation award editorial written by Charles Francis Coe, chief editorialist for the Perry newspapers of Florida. This edi- torial was published in the Palm Beach Post-Times, March 16, 1950, and won third place in the 1950 Freerloms Founda- tion awards. The editorial is a repeater as Mr. Coe won Freedoms first prize edi- torial award for the best editorial in the United States during 1949. As long as I have an editor in my con- gressional district who writes such splendid editorials and obtains such recognition among the editorial writers of this Nation, then indeed it is a pleasure to ask the privilege of placing such edi- torials in the ConcressronaL REcorD. As phat of my remarks I include this edi- orial: Taxes Your Onorce, Boppy (By Charles Francis Coe) Americanism: Truat in God; freedom of worship; government by elected representa- tives; triel by jury; human freedom. Communism: Denial of God; worship of dictator; government by Politburo; “purge” vy politicians; human bondage. Here tt is. Step right up, Mr. and Mrs. Ametica, The curtain has risen. The big show is on. The chips are down, “You pays your money and you takes your choice.” Americanism. Communism, Take a good look at Mr. Enright‘s cartoon, Weigh in your mind the offerings shown on opposite pages of the ledger, as Uncie Sam points them out. Soberly, in deep conscience and impartial solemnity, make your choice. Tt is yours for the taking. Uncle Sam will follow your direction. You are the boss. He is your ready and able servant. The citizens of Florida are given outstand- ing opportunity to make resonant over the whole world, the choice they determine. The issue is clearly laid for them. This Nation joina the civilised world in palpitant inter- est in that choice. That you may make it in the presence of Almighty God; that you may know the composure of duty honorably done, we attempt this brief inventory of the philosophies between which you must choose. AMERICANTIOM Places its trust in God, who created man- kind and endowed it with powers to achieve His own image. Declares that man has a soul, which de- serves individual dignity and demands the freedom of self government. Grants constitutional liberty with rights certain, among which are the pursuit of hap- piness, freedom of speech, freedom of wor- ship, freedom of the home. Provides government by the governed. Maintains courts created by the citizen. Grants trial by a jury of citizens. Provides a fair trial for all men and de- mands immediate action against any ac- cused. Enforces education. Maintains public schools. Develops private enterprise. Re- wards individual initiative. Accords the right of succession by will, but denies estates in tail. Stands firmly upon the precept that all men are equal before the law. Keeps its military accountable to the citi- zens. Governs by representatives chosen by the citiaens. COMMUNISM Denies the existence of God and prohibits His worship. Recognizes a supreme state, of which indi- vidual man is the vassal, not the master, Sets up privileged classes under permanent rulers. Scorns property rights, as it does human rights. Confiscates all, in the name of the state supreme. Makes a mockery of law by “drumhead justice” and the murder of those accused for the convenience of dictators. Purges humans in their search of freedom from bondage. Permits humans to rot in dungeons while awaiting trial on trumped-up charges. Denies education, except in the interest of the state. Patterns the steps of the son in those of the father, so denying individual opportu- nity. Invades the home without due process of law. Governs by the dicta of rulers. Centers all power in a dozen men. Denies men representation in their governance. These are a few comparisons. Only a few, They are the roots from which the future will be grown. Americanism is the truest, the most dignified, the freest and the most productive plan ever devised for human lib- erty. Communism is the most centered, dicta- tortal, ruinous blasphemy ever imposed upon the souls of men. It is human degradation im its concept; human bondage in its results, Take your choice, buddy. The campaign now waging in our State of Florida gives you that choice. You have alternatives clearly defined, a choice inescapable. You take’ Americanism or you take communism. May the God of the Republic abide with you as you choose, Hindsight. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. KATHARINE ST. GEORGE OF NEW YORE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, February 27, 1951 Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, un- der unanimous consent to revise and ex- tend my remarks in the Appendix of the Recorp, I include a short article in Hu- man Events by Frank C. Hanighen en- titled “Hindsight,” which in reality proves the prophetic foresight of many of our colleagues in the House of Rep- resentatives: Huwvatont The word “hindsight” comes readily, and inevitably, from the apologists of our foreign policy of the last 15 years. When a political administration errs gravely in its acts, what course is more obvious than to accuse its critics of being wise after the event? Un- fortunately for the State Department spokes- men, & number of Members of Congress can produce their own prophetic speeches in te the Marshall plan, or the administration policy in China as an effective answer. Yet the cases of ECA and China are comparatively recent items in the long record of blunder. How about earlter, more fundamental mis- takes, such as our affectionate embrace of the Russian bear in 1941 and following years? There ts, in fact, a splendid handbook which offers rich documentation—although the editor of the volume hardly anticipated such a use for his labors. The editor was none other than Mr. Rex Stout, now returned to the more grateful pursuit of “whodunit” fiction, but a decade ago one of the great pro- pon nts of a crusade against Hitler and a love affair with Stalin. The book was entitled “The Magnificent Dunderheads,” published in 1942 at a time when so-called isolationists were even more fair game than now, and any Member of Congress who tried to talk sense to the public became per se an object of hate and ridicule, Anyway, for the Magnificent Dunderheads, Mr. Stout provided a pretace by Frank Sulll- yan, who was, may still be, a professional funnyman. In his prefatory remarks, Sulli- van was alternately righteously angry and satirical at the ‘“cunderheads.” Quoth Sulll- van: “The book 1s a collectlon of some of the silliest, stupidest, and most dangerous statements that have been made by men laying claim to being leaders of the American people.” We would like to see the pans of Stout and Sullivan es they now read some of the “dan * statements from the Magnificent Dunderheads. ‘First, let us lead with Congressman Hamil- ton Fish, one of the major butts of this pair of elves. On August 6, 1941, he was guilty of the following: “I think the best thing that could happen on the vast steppes of Russia would be to have the Nazis and Communists continue to fight it out and destroy each other.” Oddly enough, a certain Senator Truman, from Missouri, said much the same thing about the same time. But he is not quoted in the book. Next, there was Representative Jonw Vorrs, of Ohio, who (Appendix to the Con- GREssionasL Recon, vol. 87, pt. 13, p. A3917) said: “We know that peace is not made wisely in the flush of victory. For thts reason we do not want to see the peace dominated by ® triumnhant Germany, or Russia, or Japan, or Britain. We can make peace better now when there ts no victor.” Simply killing, ien't 1t? As for Senator Bennett Champ Clark, he @undered thus, on June 94, 1041: “Once we have crawled in bett with “Bloody Joe’ no restraints are possible on the spread of Com-
A998. munist da in this country. What profit is it to a God-fearing people to gain dominion over the earth in union with com- Munism dnd lose our own souls? Why should American money, made by the toil and sweat of her taxpayers, be poured out to protect Russiat” Then there was Representative Frederick Smith from Ohio who declared: “In defend- ing Russia, the President is forcing our Nation to defend communism and everything that this hellish cult has done since it started in Russia 24 years ago.” (ConGrzasionaL REc- oxp, vol. 8%, pt. 5, p. 5669.) And Representative Mason, from Illinois, said: “One of th se days the policy of col- laboration with the totalitarian tyrant in Moscow js going to be revealed as one of the tragic mistakes of the era.” (ConGressIoNaL Reconp, vol. 87, pt. 7, p. 7848.) We note aimilar sentiments from Senator Wheeler, Congressmen Stratton, Robsion, James O'Connor, Jonkman, etc. Now these ideas may still seem perfectly preposterous to Mr. Stout. But aince those quoted who are still in Congress continue to sey much the same things, one fact is certain, they are not guilty of hindsight. Extract From Address by Hon. James H. Duff, of Pennsylvania, Before Repub- lican State Convention of Michigan EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JAMES H. DUFF OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Yuesday, February 27 (legisiative day of Monday, January 29), 1951 Mr. DUFF, Mr. President, I ask unan- imous consent to have inserted in the Recory an extract from the address de- livered by me before the Republican State Convention of Michigan on Satur- day, February 17, 1951, at Detroit, Mich. There being no objection, the extract was ordered to be printed in the Rzcorp, as follows: As a general proposition I am convinced it 1s well established that it is a constitu- tional duty of the President to consult the Oongress with respect to policy for the use of troops unless the situation is so im- mediately critical that to spend time in consultation and debate might Increase the national peril. When there ts time, there Ought to be consultation. ut in the so-called great debate now aporadically raging with respect to the use of our troops in Europe, it should be clearly remembered that the United States haa con- tinuously used our troops in Europe for more than 5 years since the end of World War %. Our military forces in Europe have even been used aggressively during this period as in the instance of the Berlin airlift, This use has been sanctioned by more or less general acquiescence of a bipartisan nature. T am purposely eliminating a discussion of the President in connection with this point, because I strongly feel this should not be @ political matter. We all have the common goal of preserving the peace. We must all join in attempting to arrive at a forceful American foreign policy tending to secure peace, shorn of all political considera- tion whatsoever. ‘ In reality, what is now being debated is whether or not the judgment of our military ‘high command is sound in seeking at this time -to increese the number of our troops employed in the European theater, This ts mot a matter of foreign policy; actually it 48 interference with due military procedures and military estimetes of the over-all situa- tion The men in charge of our Military Estab- Mahment are substantially the same group of generals who were responsible in World War TI in the European theater for the greatest military success in the history of the Amer- ican people. There is no reason to suppose that either their patriotism or their military judgement at this hour of grave crisis are less valuable or less dependable than they were at that other great time of crisis during World War II. And if they are, and I am sure they are, it would seem to be unwise to attempt to interfere and hamstring them now in the exercise of their judgment of what is best in a military way for the pro- tection of this country, In World Wer II their judgment was completely trusted. It ig necessary that they be trusted on this decision unless we propose to permit a non- military branch of the government to fix arbitrary Nmits within which the military branch may be permitted to exercise their discretion, We have been assured by the military high command that the purpose of more troops for Europe at this time is to make world war TIZ less inevitable. We all realize that world war III, if it comes, with all its terrible means of annihtla- tion, will destroy victor and vanquished alike. We also know that as a result of demobiliz- ing our troops at the end of the shooting in ‘World War II, without securing the peace, by permitting Russia to bulld a vast mill- tary machine while we have allowed ours to deteriorate, that we face the most serious crisis in our history. The immediate problem ts not how to be strong enough to win world war III. But how to be strong enough to prevent world war III from taking place as a consequence of the tremendous disparity right now between Russian military might and our own, Getting Western Europe on our aide, and, even more, denying it to the Russians, is a vital United States interest. It is wrong to say, “The Europeans aren’t doing enough, let’s pull out.” It 18 equally wrong to retort, “The Euro- peans are doing fine, so let's help them.” It is correct to say, “The Europeans are not doing enough. Neither are we. Let us urge them to do more, and do more our- selves—because all our lives depend upon what happens.” The crucial necessity at this time is for the United States to regain the initiative, So long as Russia has the initiative (and she has had it for the past 5 years) war is in- evitabie, Because Ruasia will continue the policy of aggression that has characterized her continuous action since World War II. If, on the other hand, the United States can regain the initiative, we may be able to avert another war by.channeling the en- ergies of the world, and particularly of the free peoples of the world, into peacetime pursuits. We can never gain the initiative merely while walting for the Europeans to act. If they believe our policy is to walt until they are attacked before committing troops to heip them, they will hold off. They dread, of course, another war upon their own soll, They will join us, but they will not lead us, We must lead them. But above all else we must follow the judgment of our military advisers as to what is necessary to be done in a military way in this situation. We have been advised that it would be a fatal mistake to arbttrarily limit our military leaders in the exercise of their best and considered judgment. In the debate on European policy, the area of agreement is greater than the area of disagreement. Almost all the leading fig- ures in this debate concede the neceasity of more troope to Europe. They differ on limi- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD tation of number. In this phase of their argument I feel they are clearly wrong, be- cause that decision is a military decision and not @ civilian one. But since the debate has tended to divide the country into camps; and to confuse our people with respect to the essential char- acter of the problem, I feel that the Preal- dent of the United States at this time can render a tremendous service to the Ameri- can people by doing something specific to insure the constant and consistent forma- tion of a bipartisan foreign policy. Then the debaters will have no excuse for ranging themselves along party lines. On the other hand they will be obliged to commit their arguments solely to the basis of how to best unify the country and to build up hiparti- san policy. Such a policy at this critical juncture will command both the respect and the support of the American people, All the best efforts of both parties should be directed to that end. South Dakota Newspaper Poll on Foreign Policy and National Defense EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. KARL E, MUNDT OF SOUTH DAKOTA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Tuesday, February 27 (legislative day of Monday, January 29), 1951 Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I think Members of Congress will be interested in the results of a recent poll conducted by the Daily Argus Leader, ez Sioux Falls, S. Dak., a daily newspaper which is the Jargest of its kind in a great five-State area of the upper Midwest. The results of this poll indicate rather clearly that the citizens of this country have some definite ideas of their own concerning the problems which have grown out of the collapse of our Ameri- can foreign policy and the tendency to permit the palace politicians in the White House to usurp or exercise the authorities of Government which the Constitution clearly reposes in the Sen- ate and the House of Representatives. There being no objection, the poll was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Verpict oF PotL: LEAvE Korea—-MasogiTy ror Kxrerrnc Troops Homy ; Withdraw from Korea. Keep American troops at home. Foreign nations should supply the bulk of United Nations armed forces. That's the consensus of 3,463 Argus-Leader readers who voted in this newspaper's United States foreign policy poll. The majority of readerg also are against drafting 18-year-olds, don’t want the A-bomb rejected a8 a weapon of war, don’t want the A-bomb dropped now, and don't want to con- tinue sending substantial aid to foreign countries. GOOD REPRESENTATION The number of readers who sent in com- pleted ballots is considered an excellent rep- resentation of opinion on important ques- tions, particularly when compared with bal- lot returns of the Chicago Dally News and the Detroit Free Press. These two papers, the News, with a circula- tion of 560,000 and the Press with 460,000 circulation, received only 3,347 and 4,109 banots respectively from the same pall.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Francis Casr, and Representatives Hasoup Lovay and &. Y. Beaer, LESTER FROM EDITOR To each of these Senators and Representa. tives, Pred ©. Christopherson, editor, wrote an acoompanying letter which stated: “The Argus-Leader just bas concluded & poll among ite readers on various aspects of American policy. “When the poll was announced it was ex- plained that the votes would be tabulated and the results forwarded to the South Da- kota Members of Congress ao that they could study this expression of sentiment in connec- ton with their own deliberations, “Im accordance with that promise I am enclosing herewith a copy of the final tabule~ tion of the poll, as published tn the Argus- Leader today. “You will note that the vote was abnor- mally heavy—tar larger than usually ob- tained in such polls. This suggests a deep interest in the subjects. “Our readers would like very much, I am sure, to have comments from you on the poll generally and the specific topics included in it. Iam hopeful, therefore, that each of you will be kind enough to forward to the Argus-Leader, as promptly as possible, a state- ment for publication on these matters.” As soon as those statements are received, Christophereon said, they will be presented to the readers of the Argus-Leader to allow them to study the reaction of our Members of Congress. How the readers voted Percont Tho questions Sbonkd we withdraw from Ko- rea as Quickly as poasibic? . .. .|3, 667 Bhould we stay until we can give Korca a government chosen by its peonle?. Should wo drop th the A-bomb now snd take chances on reprisnls?.. 22... cs cae scenes Should we roject use of the A. bomb as a weapon of wur?.... Bhould we continue to sond substantial aid to forelen Countries? 2. an. nee Should we draft 18-year-olds?_.. Should we snd. American cut drastioally?.... 2... ..-..- should Red China be admitted ai to the United Nations? ..... tone. to mipply the bulk of of Should we simply “oiend “oar outlying bases with alr and fon powerand keep our armies at bame?... should we have stiff price and wage controls? teeter nanemeeee Reconstraction Finance Corporation REMARES or HON, FRED L. CRAWFORD OF MICHTOAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES : . Monday, iatenle 26, 1952 noe vead a great deal af rescatiy about va a investigation of the RFO, its directors, and the transfer of correspondence be- tween RFC files and the White House. I simply take this opportunity to make the public statement that the President is welcome to publish in every newspaper in the United States every letter I have written to the RFC during the pasi 16 years. There is nothing there of a con- fidential nature. I am delighted to know this investigation has been and is being made, and I think we ought to clean house down there, generally speaking. Address by Hon. Edward Martin, of Penn- sylvania, at Washington-Limcofm Cele- bration, Frederick, Md. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER OF MARYLAND IN THE BENATE OF THE UNITHD STATES Tuesday, February 27 (legislative day of Monday, January 29), 1951 Mr. BUTLER of Maryland, Mr. Pres- ident, last. Saturday evening, February 24, the senior Senator from Pennsylvania {Mr. Martin) delivered a very excellent and enlightening address upon the oc- easion of the meeting of the Washing- ton-Liucoln celebration cf the Republi- can clubs of Frederick County at Fred- erick, Md. I know this speech is of great interest not only to the people of Mary~ land, but to the people of the United States generally, and I ask unanimous consent that it be printed in the Ap- pendix of the Recorp. There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the Rsc- orp, as follows: I deeply appreciate the high honor of ad- Gressing this meeting of patriotic Americans who are loyal to the principles of the Repub- loan Party. It ig an bonor and a privilege to come to the Pree State of Maryland and to tell you of my high regard and admiration for your Republican United States Senator and your Republican Members of the House of Repre- sentatives. The great Republican victory of last fall was a real tribute to thelr Americanism and their devotion to public service. During the last 4 years the Republican members of your delegation have been at- tending the luncheon meetings of Pennsyl- vania's Republican delegation. That has given me an op’ ty to Know the eplen- did caliber of the men who represent your Btate in Congress. It ta a aincere pleasure te report that your distinguished Senator, Joxw Burias, bas already become recognized as one of the strong men of the Senate. He is taking an outstanding part in the battle for sound American pr: I need bot tell you how much we value the vigorous and courageous services of your Repu Congresemen, Brat, Mriier, and Daveaxux, You know them as great patriots and great Americans and as enters for our country and our Seg in pease and war. The people of Maryland are to be con- gratulated on having Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin as their Governor. He became a patios) gure een be wen on American Jasues. @ection pointa the way to greater Republican victory in the national election of 1962. We are assembied to honor the memory of George Washington, the military genius of | American dence, and Abraham Lin- coln, & plain man of the peaple, who pre- served the Union. Wistoric Prederiox ‘s a most appropriate piace to pay tribute to the aeons achieve- ments of these greatest of si? Americans. Eaeh in bis day was called by destiny to serve Go@ and biumanity. We honor all that is truly Amertean when ‘we assemble each year in the month of Pebru- ary to observe the birthday anniversaries of ‘Washington, our first President, and Lincoln, our first Republican Prestdent. In Pennsylvania we jook upon the fine peo- plo of Maryland as good neighbors, We know that so much of the spirit of America has gone into the building of your Stete. We share your pride in its giotious histary. Like Pennsylvania, Maryland is the home of many faiths and creeds, living tn toter- ence and good will, Three hundred years ago the Provinetal Assembly passed the Mary- land Toleratton Act which has been described es one of the great landmarks of religious Iberty. Many events worthy of patriotic commem- oration were enacted within your borders. Thomas Johnson, x member of the Conti- nenteal Congress and later your first State Governor, nominated George Washington for commander in cblef of the continental armies. The Continental Congress was in session at Baltimore tn December 1776, when it granted General Washington full osilitary powers for the prosecution of the war for imdependence, Seven years later, when An- napolis was the temporary National Capital, Congress received Washington's resignation as the military leader of the new Nation. As we turn back the pages af history w: recall that among the first settlers of old Frederick Town were 100 German families, who came down from Pennsylvania. They were sturdy, hard-working, God-fearing men and women, Their descendants, both here and in Pennsylvania, represent all that 1s best in American citizenship, We recall the great westward migration over the National Road, much of it passing through Prederick and across the mountains to open new frontiers of American progress, We recall Goneral Brat@ock and his Brit- ish regulars stopping here to prepare for his ill-fated expedition against the French and Indians at Fort In Lincoln's time the great internal up- heaval tore at the heart of Maryiand. Bravo eons of Maryland fought with equal valor on both sides of the conflict. Twice occupied by Confetlerate forces, Frederick endured ite share of war's bard- ship and tragedy. After the battles of South Mountain and Antietam the women of Pred- erick worked side by side, caring for the ‘wounded of both armies, no matter whether thetr sympathies were with the blue or the gray. Names which loom large in the history of our Nation are associated with Frederick. Francis Scott Key won tmmortal fame as he watched “o'er the ramparts” at Port McHenry and was inspired by the sight of the flag to write our National Anthem Brooke Taney rose from the practice of Yaw here in Frederick to become John Marshall's suc- cessor as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Pamitar to every schoo! boy and girl is the legend of Barbara Pritchie and her Cefiance of Gen. Stonewall! Jackson as she waved the Union Mag from her window. I have discussed these high lights of his- tory because memories of the herolo past enrich our patriotlam. They stimulate a deeper appreciation of the freedom we enjoy through the toll, struggle, and sacrifice af our forefathers. ‘ ™m these days of crisis, when the future of freedom in the United States and in the world hange in the balance, we can find