SEC. 
452. 
INNOVATION 
CENTER 
DEMONSTRATION 
PROJECTS. 
Section 6402 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION.—In addition to any funds oth-
erwise made available, there are authorized to be appro-
priated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this 
section.’’. 
SEC. 453. RURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT 
PROGRAM. 
(a) RESEARCH PROJECTS REQUIRED.—The Sec-
retary shall conduct research and education projects to ob-
tain data, develop conclusions, demonstrate technologies, 
and facilitate multi-jurisdictional initiatives that promote 
the purposes of this section, including research and edu-
cation projects that— 
(1) facilitate and increase investigation and 
education in order to— 
(A) provide the necessary education, train-
ing, and technical assistance in high schools, 
community colleges, colleges, universities and 
through non-formal outreach education delivery 
systems to start up and grow rural businesses; 
(B) provide the necessary education, train-
ing, and technical assistance in English as well 
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as other languages serving the needs of minor-
ity and immigrant populations; 
(C) improve access to a diverse range of 
capital resources from microenterprise loans to 
venture capital; 
(D) determine the best methods to train 
entrepreneurs in preparing business plans, rec-
ordkeeping, compliance with tax rules, financial 
management, and general business practices; 
(E) promote entrepreneurship among rural 
youth, minority populations, women, and low-in-
come rural residents; and 
(F) create networks of entrepreneurial sup-
port and enabling culture among the business 
community, government at all levels, nonprofit 
organizations, 
educational 
institutions, 
and 
other sectors; and 
(2) facilitate the conduct of projects in order 
to— 
(A) study, to the extent practicable, the 
unique entrepreneurial development systems 
that best align with the unique needs and 
strengths of rural areas and rural communities; 
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(B) study rural entrepreneurs and the edu-
cation, training, and technical assistance they 
employ; 
(C) study rural entrepreneurial develop-
ment organizations with regard to the edu-
cation, training, and technical assistance they 
provide, and determine what are the most 
promising strategies for building a more inte-
grated system of program delivery to rural en-
trepreneurs; 
(D) take advantage of the experience and 
expertise of rural entrepreneurs and rural en-
trepreneurial 
development 
organizations 
through their direct participation and leader-
ship in projects; 
(E) transfer practical, reliable, and timely 
information to rural entrepreneurs and rural 
entrepreneurial development organizations con-
cerning entrepreneurial education, training, 
technical assistance, and the development of 
local and regional entrepreneurial systems in 
rural areas and rural communities; 
(F) promote partnerships among rural en-
trepreneurs, 
nonprofit 
organizations, 
edu-
cational institutions at all levels, and govern-
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mental institutions and agencies at all levels; 
and 
(G) provide assistance to local governments 
regarding the important mix of policies and 
programs that can help create and promote en-
trepreneurial-ready communities in rural Amer-
ica. 
(b) AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary shall carry out 
this section through agreements entered into with land- 
grant colleges or universities (including their State Coop-
erative Extension Services, Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tions, and their Regional Rural Development Centers), 
other universities or colleges, community colleges and 
other 2-year institutions of higher education, elementary 
and secondary schools, the State cooperative extension 
services, nonprofit organizations, or Federal, State or local 
governmental entities. All agreements shall be awarded on 
a competitive basis according to criteria set forth by the 
Regional Administrative Councils established under sub-
section (f). 
(c) SELECTION, PRIORITY, 
AND
DURATION
OF 
PROJECTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select 
projects to be carried out under this section on the 
basis of— 
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(A) the relevance of the project to the pur-
poses of this section; 
(B) the appropriateness of the design of 
the project; 
(C) the likelihood of attaining the objec-
tives of the project; and 
(D) the national or regional applicability of 
the findings and outcomes of the proposed 
project. 
(2) PRIORITY.—In carrying out projects under 
this section, the Secretary shall give priority to 
projects that— 
(A) closely coordinate research and edu-
cation activities (including outreach education 
efforts); 
(B) will best disseminate the findings of 
the project in a readily usable manner to rural 
entrepreneurs and to rural community leaders; 
(C) maximize the involvement and coopera-
tion of rural entrepreneurs; 
(D) involve a multidisciplinary systems ap-
proach; and 
(E) involve cooperation between rural en-
trepreneurs, nonprofit organizations, entrepre-
neurial development organizations, educational 
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institutions at all levels, and government agen-
cies at all levels. 
(3) PROJECT DURATION.—The Secretary may 
approve projects to be conducted under this section 
that have a duration of more than one fiscal year. 
(d) DIVERSIFICATION OF RESEARCH.—The Secretary 
shall conduct projects and studies under this section in 
areas that are broadly representative of the diversity of 
the rural areas of the Unites States and the diversity of 
rural entrepreneurship in the United States, including en-
trepreneurship involving youth, racial groups, microenter-
prises, and women, with a focus on either food and other 
agriculturally-based businesses (but not directly produc-
tion agriculture), or non-agricultural business. 
(e) PROGRAM
ADMINISTRATION.—The Secretary 
shall— 
(1) administer the programs and projects con-
ducted under subsection (a) through the Cooperative 
State Research Service in close cooperation with the 
Extension Service, Agricultural Research Service (or 
its successor agency), and other appropriate agen-
cies; 
(2) establish a minimum of four Regional Ad-
ministrative Councils in accordance with subsection 
(f); and 
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(3) with the advice of the Regional Administra-
tive Councils, identify the applicable regional rural 
development center as the regional host institution 
or organization responsible for carrying out such 
programs or projects, or identify another regional 
host institution where appropriate. 
(f) REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE COUNCILS.— 
(1) MEMBERSHIP.—The membership of the Re-
gional Administrative Councils shall include rep-
resentatives of— 
(A) nonprofit organizations that are in-
volved in the direct services to rural entre-
preneurs, small businesses, and microenter-
prises, or that have demonstrable experience in 
rural entrepreneurship; 
(B) regional and state agencies involved in 
rural economic development; 
(C) State Cooperative Extension Services 
in the region that are involved in providing di-
rect services to rural entrepreneurs, small busi-
nesses, and microenterprises, or to rural com-
munities that are engaged in entrepreneurship 
development efforts; 
(D) representatives from philanthropic or-
ganizations with a strong interest in rural en-
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trepreneurship and rural development activities 
in the region; 
(E) self-employed rural entrepreneurs and 
owners of rural small businesses with more 
than 5 and fewer than 50 employees; 
(F) institutions of higher education with 
demonstrable experience in rural entrepreneur-
ship or related activities; 
(G) elementary and secondary educators 
with demonstrable experience in rural entrepre-
neurship; 
(H) the director or representative of the 
Regional Rural Development Center located in 
the region; 
(I) owners of rural businesses with 5 or 
fewer employees; 
(J) State cooperative extension services 
with demonstrable experience in rural entrepre-
neurship; 
(K) nonprofit organizations with demon-
strable experience in rural entrepreneurship; 
(L) tribal governments; and 
(M) other persons knowledgeable about 
rural entrepreneurship and its impact on rural 
communities. 
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(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Regional Admin-
istrative Councils shall— 
(A) promote the programs established 
under this section at the regional level; 
(B) establish goals and criteria for the se-
lection of projects authorized under this section 
within the applicable region; 
(C) appoint a technical committee to evalu-
ate the proposals for projects to be considered 
for selection under this section; 
(D) review the recommendations of the 
technical committee, and coordinate its activi-
ties with the regional host institution; and 
(E) prepare and make available an annual 
report concerning projects funded under this 
section, together with an evaluation of the 
project activity. 
(3) CONFLICT OF INTEREST.—A member of the 
Regional Administrative Council or a technical com-
mittee may not participate in the discussion or rec-
ommendation of a proposed project if the member 
has or had a professional or business interest in, in-
cluding the provision of consultancy services to, the 
organization whose proposal is under review. 
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(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this section $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2008 through 2014, to remain available until ex-
pended. 
SEC. 454. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSOLIDATED FARM AND 
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ACT RELATING TO 
2002 FARM BILL PROGRAMS. 
(a) RURAL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY GRANTS.—Sec-
tion 306(a)(11)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(11)(C)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In making grants 
under this paragraph, the Secretary shall use applied re-
search, extension education, and demonstration project 
approaches to assure that appropriate levels of human 
capital investment are in place to use Federal and match-
ing funds most effectively to provide the greatest actual 
impact on rural entrepreneurship and e-commerce.’’. 
(b) RURAL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE GRANTS.—Sec-
tion 310B(c) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Devel-
opment Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(4) 
PROGRAM
APPROACHES.—In 
making 
grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to 
the maximum extent practicable, use applied re-
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100 
search, extension education, and demonstration 
project approaches to assure that appropriate levels 
of human capital investment are in place to use Fed-
eral and matching funds most effectively to provide 
the greatest actual impact on rural entrepreneurship 
and e-commerce.’’. 
(c) RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS.— 
Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural De-
velopment Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (9) as para-
graph (10); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (8) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(9) 
PROGRAM
APPROACHES.—In 
making 
grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to 
the maximum extent practicable, use applied re-
search, extension education, and demonstration 
project approaches to assure that appropriate levels 
of human capital investment are in place to use Fed-
eral and matching funds most effectively to provide 
the greatest actual impact on rural entrepreneurship 
and e-commerce.’’. 
(d) RURAL TELEWORK.—Section 379 of the Consoli-
dated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008n) 
is amended— 
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101 
(1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as 
subsections (f) and (g), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) PROGRAM APPROACHES.—In making grants 
under this section, the Secretary shall, to the maximum 
extent practicable, use applied research, extension edu-
cation, and demonstration project approaches to assure 
that appropriate levels of human capital investment are 
in place to use Federal and matching funds most effec-
tively to provide the greatest actual impact on rural entre-
preneurship and e-commerce.’’. 
(e) RURAL BUSINESS INVESTMENT PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 384C of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Develop-
ment Act (7 U.S.C. 2009cc–2) is amended— 
(1) By inserting ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL .—’’ before 
‘‘In accordance’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM APPROACHES.—In carrying out this 
subtitle, the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, use applied research, extension education, and 
demonstration project approaches to assure that appro-
priate levels of human capital investment are in place to 
use Federal and matching funds most effectively to pro-
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102 
vide the greatest actual impact on rural entrepreneurship 
and e-commerce.’’. 
(f) MULTIJURISDICTIONAL REGIONAL PLANNING OR-
GANIZATIONS.—Section 306(a)(23) of the Consolidated 
Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(23)) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), 
and (E) as subparagraphs (D), (E), and (F), respec-
tively; and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(C) PROGRAM APPROACHES.—In making 
grants under this paragraph for community de-
velopment planning and analysis, the Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, use 
applied research, extension demonstration, and 
outreach education approaches to assure the 
greatest regional impact.’’. 
Subtitle F—International Trade 
SEC. 461. FAS/EXTENSION SERVICE INTERNSHIPS. 
Section 1458(a)(10) of the National Agricultural Re-
search, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 
U.S.C. 3291(a)(10)) is amended by striking ‘‘establish’’ 
and inserting ‘‘maintain’’. 
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103 
SEC. 462. FAS INTERNSHIPS; UNIVERSITY-ASSISTED FUND-
ING. 
(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to es-
tablish a new internship program to maintain and 
strengthen the competitiveness of the United States in 
international agricultural trade by authorizing the Foreign 
Agricultural Service to accept students who are enrolled 
in agriculture and related studies in colleges and univer-
sities in the United States to serve as interns for limited 
terms at FAS posts outside the United States. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—the term ‘‘col-
lege or university’’ means an institution of higher 
education as defined in section 102(a) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002(a)); and 
(2) FAS.—the term ‘‘FAS’’ means the Foreign 
Agricultural Service of the Department of Agri-
culture. 
(c) MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Each internship shall be 
planned and administered in accordance with a 
memorandum of understanding between the FAS of-
ficer-in-charge at the post and an appropriate senior 
academic official of the college or university where 
the intern is a student. 
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104 
(2) CONTENTS.—In order to assure maximum 
benefit to the FAS office, the intern, the college or 
university, the United States Government, and the 
United States citizens served by the FAS, the 
memorandum shall 
(A) establish the procedures and terms 
that will be followed in the relationship between 
the FAS and the college or university over a 
multi-year period; 
(B) assign specific goals for the internship, 
and responsibility for the supervision of the in-
tern and for the evaluation of the intern’s per-
formance; and 
(C) contain the assurances described in 
subsection (e)(2) in a manner satisfactory to 
the FAS. 
(3) SUPERVISION.—The responsibility for su-
pervising and evaluating the work of an intern may 
be shared, at the discretion of the FAS officer-in- 
charge, with non-United States citizens employed by 
the FAS, faculty from the cooperating college or 
university, or other Federal Government personnel 
outside the FAS. 
(4) EXCHANGE OF LETTERS.—In the absence 
of a multi-year memorandum of understanding, a 
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105 
single internship of a specific student may be ar-
ranged through an exchange of letters between the 
FAS officer-in-charge at post and the appropriate 
senior academic official at the student’s college or 
university, specifying the terms of the internship. 
(5) MULTIPLE AGREEMENTS.—An FAS officer- 
in-charge may accept interns under memoranda of 
understanding with more than one college or univer-
sity, and a college or university may have entered 
into memoranda of understanding with more than 
one FAS post. Groups of colleges or universities may 
jointly enter into memoranda of understanding with 
one FAS post for the placement of interns. 
(d) FAS DUTIES.—The officer-in-charge at the FAS 
post shall— 
(1) provide the intern with work supervision, 
work space, support for security clearance, creden-
tials, and other requirements to perform the as-
signed tasks for the FAS; 
(2) assist an intern, when possible, in identi-
fying local housing and transportation that may be 
available at reduced or no cost; and 
(3) prepare interns for their expected FAS re-
sponsibilities based upon planning between the FAS 
posts and cooperating universities. 
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106 
(e) UNIVERSITY DUTIES.—The college or university 
shall— 
(1) select the intern, with the concurrence of 
the FAS; and 
(2) provide satisfactory assurances to the FAS 
officer-in-charge at the foreign post that the intern 
has or will be provided sufficient financial resources 
to cover round-trip international airfare to the post, 
medical insurance while at the post, costs of food 
and lodging, local travel costs to and from the post, 
and any applicable stipend, as agreed upon by the 
FAS and the college or university. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
not to exceed $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2014. Not more than 10 percent of funds appro-
priated to carry out this section in any fiscal year may 
be used to pay administrative expenses of the FAS. 
SEC. 
463. 
BORLAUG 
INTERNATIONAL 
AGRICULTURAL 
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FELLOWSHIP 
PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall establish a fellowship program to be known as 
the ‘‘Borlaug International Agricultural Science and 
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