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microbial systems biology, biological imaging and 
analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced 
research and development of advanced biofuels, bio-
energy or biobased materials, chemicals, and products 
that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse 
feedstocks, and to facilitate the translation of research 
results to industry. The activities of the centers au-
thorized under this subsection may include— 
‘‘(A) accelerating the domestication of bio-
energy-relevant plants, microbes, and associated 
microbial communities to enable high-impact, 
value-added coproduct development at multiple 
points in the bioenergy supply chain; 
‘‘(B) developing the science and techno-
logical advances to ensure process sustainability 
is considered in the creation of advanced biofuels 
and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass; 
and 
‘‘(C) using the latest tools in genomics, mo-
lecular biology, catalysis science, chemical engi-
neering, systems biology, and computational and 
robotics technologies to sustainably produce and 
transform biomass into advanced biofuels and 
bioproducts. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION AND DURATION.—
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—A center established 
under paragraph (1) shall be selected on a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations, beginning on the date of estab-
lishment of that center. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—The Director shall 
consider applications from National Labora-
tories, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING CENTERS.—A center already 
in existence on the date of enactment of the Re-
search and Development, Competition, and Inno-
vation Act may continue to receive support for 
a period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
the date of establishment of that center. 
‘‘(D) NEW CENTERS.—The Director shall se-
lect any new center pursuant to paragraph (1) 
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, with spe-
cial consideration for applications from an insti-
tution of higher education (as defined in section 
101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001)) that is located in an eligible juris-
diction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of
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the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(A))). 
‘‘(3) RENEWAL.—After the end of the applicable 
period described in paragraph (2), the Director may 
renew support for a center for a period of not more 
than 5 years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center 
in operation for 10 years after its previous selection 
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director 
may renew support for the center on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 
years, and may subsequently provide an additional 
renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
more than 5 years. 
‘‘(4) ACTIVITIES.—Centers shall undertake re-
search activities to accelerate the production of ad-
vanced biofuels and bioproducts from biomass re-
sources by identifying the most suitable species of 
plants for use as energy crops; and improving meth-
ods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, 
harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(A) Research activities to increase sustain-
ability, including— 
‘‘(i) advancing knowledge of how bio-
energy crop interactions with biotic and
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abiotic environmental factors influence crop 
growth, yield, and quality; 
‘‘(ii) identifying the most impactful re-
search areas that address the economics of 
advanced biofuels and bioproducts produc-
tion; and 
‘‘(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to 
advance predictive understanding of ad-
vanced biofuel cropping ecosystems. 
‘‘(B) Research activities to further feedstock 
development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gas-
eous wastes including carbon oxides and meth-
ane, and direct air capture of single carbon gases 
via plants and microbes, including— 
‘‘(i) developing genetic and genomic 
tools, high-throughput analytical tools, and 
biosystems design approaches to enhance 
bioenergy feedstocks and their associated 
microbiomes; 
‘‘(ii) conducting field testing of new 
potential bioenergy feedstock crops under 
environmentally benign and geographically 
diverse conditions to assess viability and 
robustness; and
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‘‘(iii) developing quantitative models 
informed by experimentation to predict how 
bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse 
conditions. 
‘‘(C) 
Research 
activities 
to 
improve 
lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation 
methods, including— 
‘‘(i) 
developing 
feedstock-agnostic 
deconstruction processes capable of effi-
ciently fractionating biomass into targeted 
output streams; 
‘‘(ii) gaining a detailed understanding 
of plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, 
structure, 
and 
properties 
during 
deconstruction; and 
‘‘(iii) improving enzymes and ap-
proaches for biomass breakdown and cel-
lulose, hemicellulose, and lignin processing. 
‘‘(D) Research activities to improve the 
feedstock conversion process for advanced biofuels 
and bioproducts, including— 
‘‘(i) developing high-throughput meth-
ods to screen or select high-performance mi-
crobial strains and communities to improve
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product formation rates, yields, and selec-
tivity; 
‘‘(ii) establishing a broad set of plat-
form microorganisms and microbial com-
munities suitable for metabolic engineering 
to produce advanced biofuels and bioprod-
ucts and high-throughput methods for exper-
imental validation of gene function; 
‘‘(iii) developing techniques to enhance 
microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to 
improve advanced biofuel and bioproduct 
yields and to gain a better understanding of 
the cellular and molecular bases of tolerance 
for major chemical classes of inhibitors 
found in these processes; 
‘‘(iv) advancing technologies for the use 
of batch, continuous, and consolidated bio-
processing; 
‘‘(v) identifying, creating, and opti-
mizing microbial and chemical pathways to 
produce promising, atom-economical inter-
mediates and final bioproducts from bio-
mass with considerations given to environ-
mentally benign processes;
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‘‘(vi) developing high-throughput, real- 
time, in situ analytical techniques to under-
stand and characterize the pre- and post- 
bioproduct separation streams in detail; 
‘‘(vii) creating methodologies for effi-
ciently identifying viable target molecules, 
identifying high-value bioproducts in exist-
ing biomass streams, and utilizing current 
byproduct streams; 
‘‘(viii) 
identifying 
and 
improving 
plant feedstocks with enhanced extractable 
levels of desired bioproducts or bioproduct 
precursors, including lignin streams; and 
‘‘(ix) developing integrated biological 
and 
chemical 
catalytic 
approaches 
to 
valorize and produce a diverse portfolio of 
advanced biofuels and bioproducts. 
‘‘(5) INDUSTRY
PARTNERSHIPS.—Centers shall 
establish industry partnerships to translate research 
results to commercial applications. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In coordination with the 
Bioenergy Technologies Office of the Department, the 
Secretary shall support interdisciplinary research ac-
tivities to improve the capacity, efficiency, resilience, 
security, reliability, and affordability, of the produc-
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tion and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts, as 
well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid 
the potential negative impacts that the production 
and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts may 
have 
on 
ecosystems, 
people, 
and 
historically 
marginalized communities. 
‘‘(7) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated under subsection (k) of section 306 of 
the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) for a fiscal year, there is au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this subsection $30,000,000 per center established 
under paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2027. 
‘‘(8) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—The term ‘ad-
vanced biofuel’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101). 
‘‘(B) BIOENERGY.—The term ‘bioenergy’ 
means energy derived from biofuels. 
‘‘(C) BIOMASS.—The term ‘biomass’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 203(b) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(b)).
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‘‘(D) BIOPRODUCT.—The term ‘bioproduct’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘biobased prod-
uct’ in section 9001 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).’’. 
SEC. 10104. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH 
PROGRAM. 
(a) ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.— 
Section 304 of the Department of Energy Research and In-
novation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) 
as subsections (b) through (d), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redes-
ignated, the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities author-
ized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organi-
zation Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, 
in coordination with academia and relevant public and 
private sector entities, a research, development, and dem-
onstration program— 
‘‘(1) to steward applied mathematics, computa-
tional science, and computer science research relevant 
to the missions of the Department and the competi-
tiveness of the United States; 
‘‘(2) to develop modeling, simulation, and other 
computational tools relevant to other scientific dis-
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ciplines and to the development of new energy tech-
nologies and other technologies; 
‘‘(3) to advance computing and networking ca-
pabilities for data-driven discovery; and 
‘‘(4) to develop advanced scientific computing 
hardware and software tools for science and engineer-
ing.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated— 
(A) by striking ‘‘The Director’’ and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Director’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Under Secretary for 
Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities 
of the Department, including activities under this sec-
tion, to determine and meet the computational and 
networking research and facility needs of the Office of 
Science and all other relevant energy technology and 
energy efficiency programs within the Department 
and with other Federal agencies as appropriate.’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVEL-
OPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND COM-
PUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
activities to develop, test, and support— 
‘‘(A) mathematics, statistics, and algo-
rithms for modeling complex systems relevant to 
the missions of the Department, including on ad-
vanced computing architectures; and 
‘‘(B) tools, languages, programming envi-
ronments, and operations for high-end com-
puting systems (as defined in section 2 of the 
American Super Computing Leadership Act of 
2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)). 
‘‘(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
maintain a balanced portfolio within the ad-
vanced scientific computing research and devel-
opment program established under section 976 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) 
that supports robust investment in— 
‘‘(i) applied mathematical, computa-
tional, and computer sciences research needs 
relevant to the mission of the Department, 
including foundational areas that are crit-
ical to the advancement of energy sciences 
and technologies and new and emerging 
computing technologies; and
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‘‘(ii) associated high-performance com-
puting hardware and facilities. 
‘‘(B) 
EXASCALE
ECOSYSTEM 
SUSTAINMENT.— 
‘‘(i) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the 
sense of Congress that the Exascale Com-
puting Project has successfully created a 
broad ecosystem that provides shared soft-
ware packages, novel evaluation systems, 
and applications relevant to the science and 
engineering requirements of the Depart-
ment, and that such products must be 
maintained and improved in order that the 
full potential of the deployed systems can be 
continuously realized. 
‘‘(ii) SUSTAINMENT.—The Secretary 
shall seek to sustain and evolve the eco-
system described in clause (i) to ensure that 
the exascale software stack and other re-
search software will continue to be main-
tained, hardened, and otherwise optimized 
for long-term use on exascale systems and 
beyond and reliable availability to the user 
community.’’; and 
(5) by adding at the end the following:
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‘‘(e) ADVANCED COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a program to develop and implement a strategy for 
achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond 
exascale computing systems. In establishing this pro-
gram, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain foundational research pro-
grams in mathematical, computational, and 
computer sciences focused on new and emerging 
computing needs within the mission of the De-
partment, including post-Moore’s law computing 
architectures, novel approaches to modeling and 
simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific 
machine learning, quantum computing, edge 
computing, extreme heterogeneity, including po-
tential quantum accelerators, and distributed 
high-performance computing; 
‘‘(B) retain best practices and maintain 
support for essential hardware, applications, and 
software elements of the Exascale Computing 
Program that are necessary for sustaining the 
vitality of a long-term capable software eco-
system for exascale and beyond; and
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‘‘(C) develop a Department-wide strategy 
for balancing on-premises and cloud-based com-
puting and scientific data management. 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate a report on the development and implementation 
of the strategy described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) GUIDANCE ON MITIGATION OF BIAS IN HIGH-PER-
FORMANCE
COMPUTING
CAPABILITIES.—In 
leveraging 
high-performance computing systems for research purposes, 
including through the use of machine learning algorithms 
for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary 
shall issue, and ensure adherence to, guidance for the De-
partment, the National Laboratories, and users as to how 
those capabilities should be employed in a manner that 
mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids 
harmful algorithmic bias. 
‘‘(g) ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH IN HETEROGENEOUS 
COMPUTING SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program of research and development in hetero-
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geneous and reconfigurable computing systems to ex-
pand understanding of the potential for heterogeneous 
and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high 
performance, high efficiency computing for Depart-
ment mission challenges. The program shall include 
research and development that explores the conver-
gence of big data analytics, simulations, and artifi-
cial intelligence to drive the design of heterogeneous 
computing system architectures. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
ensure coordination between research activities under-
taken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
program and materials research supported by the 
Basic Energy Sciences program within the Office of 
Science. 
‘‘(h) ENERGY EFFICIENT COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support 
a program of fundamental research, development, and 
demonstration of energy efficient computing and data 
center technologies relevant to advanced computing 
applications, including high-performance computing, 
artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learn-
ing. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.—
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‘‘(A) PROGRAM.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a partnership for Na-
tional Laboratories, industry partners, and 
institutions of higher education for codesign 
of energy efficient hardware, technology, 
software, and applications across all appli-
cable program offices of the Department, 
and provide access to energy efficient com-
puting resources to such partners; 
‘‘(ii) develop hardware and software 
technologies that decrease the energy needs 
of advanced computing practices, including 
through data center codesign; 
‘‘(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
computing architectures in collaboration 
with the program established under sub-
section (g), including neuromorphic com-
puting, persistent computing, and ultrafast 
networking; and 
‘‘(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for 
researchers from institutions of higher edu-
cation, National Laboratories, industry, 
and other Federal agencies to the energy ef-
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ficient computing technologies developed 
pursuant to clause (i). 
‘‘(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—In select-
ing participants for the partnership established 
under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall 
select participants through a competitive, merit 
review process. 
‘‘(C) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Research and Devel-
opment, Competition, and Innovation Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a report 
on— 
‘‘(i) the activities conducted under sub-
paragraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the program under subparagraph 
(A) to ensure an integrated research pro-
gram across the Department. 
‘‘(i) ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user fa-
cility in order to meet the research needs of the De-
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partment for highly reliable data transport capabili-
ties optimized for the requirements of large-scale 
science. 
‘‘(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabili-
ties: 
‘‘(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
networking across the continental United States 
and the Atlantic Ocean. 
‘‘(B) To ensure network reliability. 
‘‘(C) To protect the network infrastructure 
from cyberattacks. 
‘‘(D) To manage transport of exponentially 
increasing levels of data from the Department’s 
National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, 
experiments, and sensors. 
‘‘(E) To contribute to the integration of het-
erogeneous computing frameworks and systems. 
‘‘(j) COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE GRADUATE FELLOW-
SHIP.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support 
the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship pro-
gram in order to facilitate collaboration between 
graduate students and researchers at the National 
Laboratories, and contribute to the development of a
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erate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in 
order to— 
‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 
quantum computing systems through the internet and 
intranet; 
‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 
scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu-
nications technologies and strategies; 
‘‘(4) demonstrate quantum networking utilizing 
the Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network 
User Facility; and 
‘‘(5) advance the relevant domestic supply 
chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated 
simulations or modeling capabilities. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science of the National
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Science and Technology Council established 
under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the 
Economic and Security Implications of Quan-
tum Science; 
‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and other research institutions to facilitate 
new quantum infrastructure methods and tech-
nologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 
loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec-
tions, and classical networking and cybersecurity 
protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 
state sources and transmission, control, and 
measurement of quantum states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 
short range local connections between quantum 
processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 
signals between optical wavelength regimes, in-
cluding telecommunications regimes and quan-
tum 
computer-relevant 
domains, 
including 
microwaves;
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‘‘(E) development of quantum memory buff-
ers and small-scale quantum computers that are 
compatible with photon-based quantum bits in 
the optical or telecommunications wavelengths; 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution, 
including allowing entanglement-based protocols 
between small- and large scale quantum proc-
essors, at the terrestrial and space-based level 
using quantum repeaters and optical or laser 
communications; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeat-
ers, and related technologies necessary to create 
secure long-distance quantum communication; 
and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 
quantum technology stack into traditional com-
puting networks, including the development of 
remote controlled, high-performance, and reliable 
implementations of key quantum network compo-
nents by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure 
and supplemental investments at the National 
Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network 
User Facility; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Devel-
opment Consortium and other organizations, as ap-
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plicable, to transition component technologies to help 
facilitate as appropriate the development of a quan-
tum supply chain for quantum network technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci-
entific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and 
material science to enhance the understanding, pre-
diction, and manipulation of materials, processes, 
and physical phenomena relevant to quantum net-
work infrastructure; 
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
collaboration with the Energy Sciences Network User 
Facility necessary to support cross-cutting funda-
mental research and development activities with di-
verse stakeholders from industry, National Labora-
tories, and institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
applications that span the Department of Energy’s 
missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex-
pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation;
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‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information Science 
Research Centers. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research 
plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs re-
lating to quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall re-
view activities carried out under this section to determine 
the achievement of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities under this section $100,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
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‘‘SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EX-
PANSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 
to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish and 
carry out a program, to be known as the ‘Quantum User 
Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or 
‘QUEST program’, to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum 
computing clouds for research purposes— 
‘‘(1) to enhance the United States quantum re-
search enterprise; 
‘‘(2) to educate the future quantum computing 
workforce; 
‘‘(3) to accelerate the advancement of United 
States quantum computing capabilities; and 
‘‘(4) to advance the relevant domestic supply 
chains, manufacturing processes, and associated sim-
ulations or modeling capabilities. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology;
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‘‘(b) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH.—In carrying out the 
program authorized under subsection (a), the Director shall 
support— 
‘‘(1) research activities in cross-cutting accel-
erator 
technologies 
including 
superconducting 
magnets and accelerators, beam physics, data ana-
lytics-based accelerator controls, simulation software, 
new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and 
transformative research; and 
‘‘(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test 
Facility. 
‘‘(c) ACCELERATOR DEVELOPMENT.—In carrying out 
the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director 
shall support partnerships to foster the development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of accelerator tech-
nologies, including advanced superconducting wire and 
cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency ra-
diofrequency power sources for accelerators. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS.—In developing ac-
celerator technologies under the program authorized under 
subsection (a), the Director shall— 
‘‘(1) consider the requirements necessary to sup-
port translational research and development for med-
ical, industrial, security, and defense applications; 
and