1950 would have borne fruit without the great helping hand of Mr. Hoover and his agency. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from New York has expired. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks and include certain excerpts from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mis- sissippi? There was no objection. [Mr. RankIN addressed the House. His remarks appear in the Appendix.] EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. MANSFIELD asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the Recorp. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and -was given permission to extend his re- marks in the Appendix of the Rrcorp in two separate instances and in each to include extraneous matter. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED By unanimous consent, permission was granted to Mr. MANSFIELD to address the House for 25 minutes today, following the other special orders. By unanimous consent, permission was granted to Mr Horrman of Michi- gan, to address the House for 10 minutes on Monday next, following the legislative business of the day and any special orders heretofore entered. LINCOLN AND THE NEED TO FORGET PARTISANSHIP Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wisconsin? There was no objection. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, on this day thoughtful men and women not only in the United States of America but in countries throughout the world pause for a moment amid the conflicts of this modern age and think for a time of the life of Abraham Lincoln and thus re- ceive an inspiration for rational toler- ant thinking. I believe that it can be said that not only here in America but among all decent people throughout the world the memory of Abraham Lincoln is sacred. He is looked upon as a man of great and abiding tolerance and sim- ple Christian faith. Despite these home- ly but eternal virtues, he was a man of prompt and profound decision. He be- lieved in justice; justice for all men, real simple Christian justice. He stood ready at all times to effect reasonable compro- mise that would not destroy the attain- ment of his goals which were the abol- ishment of slavery and the preservation of the union. He dedicated himself to a complete understanding of these prob- lems and when, with the aid of divine inspiration, he arrived at a just conclu- sion, he had the courage to meet dcri- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE sion, ridicule, and hate with simple but firm logic based on honest considera- tions without regard for mere expedi- ency or temporary political advantage. There are those in America today who like to claim that this proposal or that suggestion is to be found in the words and utterances of Jackson or Jef- ferson or Lincoln. No one can prophesy with certainty what the attitudes of these great men of the past would be if they were on the scene today. I am certain, however, that if we had the power to commune with the spirits of these great men and others of our past of like stature, I am certain they would give expression to the hope that the time would soon come when in the consideration of the great questions of human relations that are before the country today we might be able to forget the partisanship and sectionalism that is being manifested here in Coneress just as it was in Lincoln's time. With but one motive in mind Lincoln had to stand by his convictions and fight members of his own Cabinet, his own generals, leaders of his own party, and many peo- ple who constantly denounced him on the platform and in the public press. History records that he went through a living hell in order to achieve the prin- ciples in which he believed. He finally laid down his life in order that freedom, unity, and justice might prevail. It seems to me that we can well afford at this time of reflection to really dedi- cate ourselves to the consideration of these great social and economic prob- lems in a spirit of tolerance. We should reject the sniping, snarling, bitter par- tisanship dedicated largely to politics and expediency which we find so often when we consider these questions and we should adjust ourselves and our thinking so that the problems will be solved. In my humble judgement the present time Is so critical that we must act promptly or there will be greater danger than the Nation experienced during the days in which Lincoln occupied the Presidency. As he resolved to bind up the Nation’s wounds after the War Between the States, so let us here resolve to bind up the Nation’s political and economic wounds with promptness and decision so that as one great people we can move forward together in the great battle that Mes ahead against the forces of hate, avarice, greed, and intolerance that threaten us from within and from with- out. RESPECT FOR PAST PRESIDENTS Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Utah? There was no objection. Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker, on yes- terday, or a few days ago, the press car- ried a cartoon that in my opinion was slanderous of a former President of the United States. I have never been one who advocated necessarily the domestic policies of Herbert Hoover, neither have 1769 I been one, because I might disagree with him, to speak disrespectfully or malign our former President. This cartoon is credited to a great organization, the American Legion, an organization to which I have belonged for the last 20 years and more. Jt seems to me that that great organi- zation, the American Legion, if it is not responsible for that cartoon, should im- mediately repudiate it. If they are re- sponsible, they should hang their heads in shame, because Herbert Hoover, first of all, has been a great American, and I am sure he does not now, or ever did, sub- scribe to the implications of that cartoon. Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- tleman yiela? Mr. GRANGER. I yield to the gentle- man from Georgia. Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, in my opinion, Herbert Hoover is one of the great men of the world at the present time. ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S GETTYSBURG SPEECH Mr. McSWEENEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Ohio? There was no objection. Mr. McSWEENEY. Mr. _ Speaker, after the First World War I had the honor to be sent by an exchange of stu- dents to England to finish my law course and I there studied at the Inns of Court in London. During that time I had the opportunity to be on a sightseeing tour at Oxford University. I was taken through that great hall where all of the degrees had been conferred on such men as Mark Twain and other great Ameri- cans and Britishers. Up behind the chancel in that great hall, which might be said to be the birthplace of the Eng- lish language, I found a copy of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address painted on the wall anc below it this statement: “The finest example of English extant.” I was later talking to my professor of English and I asked him, “Do you people who love the English language agree to that?” He said that the heads of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Aberystwyth, and other great English universities meet every year and one of the common dis- cussions is the Lincoln Gettysburg Ad- dress. He said also, “They have torn it apart in every way and the only word about which there can be any question is the one where Lincoln said, ‘dedicated to the proposition that all men are cre- ated equal’.” They said that a proposi- tion was amenable only to a mathemati- cal solution. Yet they looked around but could find no other word to take its place. So that great statement ranks, in my opinion, and I think in the minds of most people who love the English language, as the finest use of that vehicle of expres- sion. I am always proud when I realize that the British and the Australians who criticized us Americans for not getting into the war earlier, and said that we were only a money-grabbing country,
1770 standing with them and pointing to that Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. I said, “Here is a man born in the forests of America, reading as he could just the Bible and Bunyan’s Pilgrims’ Progress, yet he gave expression in those words in the Gettysburg Address which you admit is the finest example of English extant.” Lincoln proved that we had other in- terests beside just earning money. My grandfather McSweeney happened to serve with Bob Ingersoll in the Star- Route trials in Washington. After my grandfather’s death Ingersoll came to our house often and I remember my father saying, “Mr. Ingersoll, I find in your great utterances, especially on the platform, that you never tell a story to illustrate a point.” And I was impressed as a boy with the fact that Mr. Ingersoll said, “I am not capable of weaving a story into my speech. In fact,” he said, “there are only two persons in the history of oratory to my humble mind who were able to do it. One was Jesus Christ who by his parables was able to illustrate the thing at hand in a beautiful, beautiful but simple way, and the other was Abe Lincoln, whose stories fitted so perfectly into the remarks he was making.” So, Mr. Speaker, I feel that Abe Lin- coln 1s the embodiment of everything which is fine and noble that America has produced, and I, as an American, to- day am especially proud of his contribu- tion not only to America’s concepts of what is right and wrong, but, having been in Europe in the Army in both World Wars, I realize he has contributed to the world’s concepts of what is right and wrong. And today we should bow our heads and thank God he was given to America in a great and crucial time of America’s history. VETERANS’ ADMINISTRATION REORGANIZATION Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Minnesota? There was no objection. Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, I rise to speak out against proposed legislation, based on the recommendations of the Hoover Commission, to dismantle the Veterans’ Administration by scattering most of its major functions among half a dozen Federal agencies. In my opin- jon, such legislation is contrary to estab- lished principles of sound public admin- istration, and against the best interests of our veterans. The Hoover Commission has proposed the following major changes in veterans’ affairs: First, take all veterans’ medical and hospital services from the Veterans’ Administration and give them to a new medical agency; second, locate the vet- erans’ hospital construction program in the Department of Interior; third, set up a new Veterans’ Insurance Corporation to handle Government and national life insurance programs; and, fourth, place CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE the loan-guaranty program of the GI bill of rights in a division of the Housing and Home Finance Agency. Mr. Speaker, such proposals ignore past administrative experience in the han- dling of veterans’ affairs. You will recall that after World War I the various Fed- eral services for veterans were adminis- tered by a number of agencies, separate and apart from each other. The result was confusion, inefficiency, and inade- quate service for the veteran. Finally the situation became so bad that in 1921 Congress enacted legislation Public Law 47, Sixty-seventh Congress— to establish the Veterans’ Bureau as an independent agency reporting directly to the President. It was this agency that later evolved into the present Veterans’ Administration which functions today as the single agency responsible for admin- istering all services designed for the pro- tection of the welfare of the veteran. Now the Hoover Commission proposes that we break up this agency—that we go back to the chaotic state of veterans’ affairs which existed prior to 1921. This is a step backward, and one that I intend to oppose, as a veteran, as a legislator, and as a citizen. What has apparently been overlooked by the Hoover Commission in this in- stance 1s that reorganization is not an end in itself—that the purpose of any re- organization is to secure more efficient and economical service for the people involved. And there can be no doubt that the Commission recommendations on this matter, should they be accepted by Congress, would mean poorer service for American veterans As a member of the House Committce on Expenditures in the Executive Depart- ments, I yield to no one in my desire to obtain through administrative reorgani- zation greater economy and efficiency in Government. I am well aware that there is a real need for certain reforms in the Veterans’ Administration. But the way to secure better service for our veterans is to reform the internal administration of the Veterans’ Administration, not to destroy this valuable agency completely. SURPILUS COMMODITIES Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Min- nesota? There was no objection. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Speaker, I was much interested in what the gentleman from Massachusetts {Mr. HESELTON) had to say about the need for some of the surplus food in his particular area, On January 12, a full month ago yesterday, I asked Mr. Brannan, who was then before our subcommittee, what would prevent him or what would pre- vent the Department of Agriculture, through the Commodity Credit Corpora- tion, to make available to welfare groups and old-age recipients throughout the Nation such surplus products as potatoes, FEBRUARY 13 butter, eggs, and fruit. The answer was that the Commodity Credit Corporation did not have the necessary authority to pay out funds for freight to those ccn- tral points, such as county seats. It is my intention, Mr. Speaker, in the appropriation bill which will shortly come from our Subcommittee on Appro- priations on Agriculture to attempt to make that authority available to the De- partment, provided that the legislative Committee on Agriculture has not by that time cleared that bottleneck. I think it is senseless to even think about destroying any of this food. Certainly, this Congress should rightly be criticized if we go along the line of reasoning that any of this good, edible food should be destroyed. It is to my mind un-Chris- tian as well as being unnecessary. Our entire price support program may fall because of public reaction against mounting surpluses. How can we take care of this problem? First of all, we must prevent the bring- ing into this country of huge quantities of the very same commodities with which we are having difficulties. More than 5,000,000 bags of potatoes came across our border from Canada during the past 11 months. This means 10,000 car- loads of potatoes in direct competition with our own product. Several shiploads of Canadian potatoes have recently ar- rived at eastern United States ports. Some of these are being sold in Wash- ington today. Canadian shippers can pay the duty and freight and still under- cut Maine potatoes in this market by 15 cents a bag. One wholesaler here admits to the purchase of 250,000 pounds of these potatoes. What is the answer? Ralse the duty or declare an embargo against further imports while we have a surplus here. Our Government, through the Com- modity Credit Corporation, owns nearly 100,000,000 pounds of good creamery butter. It purchased this butter to hold up the price to 90 percent of parity for this producer. Yet, another branch of our Government, the State Department, has entered into agreements for the low- ering of our 14-cents-per-pound duty down to 7 cents on a considerable amount of Danish and New Zealand butter. It was reported to me yesterday that some stores in Washington are today offering Danish butter 5 cents per pound cheaper than good creamery butter. A third branch of our Government, the armed services, have bought millions of pounds of oleo for our servicemen, re- gardless of the fact that 100,000,000 pounds of good butter was on hand. We should give to the Department of Ag- riculture some say in the procurement of foods for other departments of Gov- ernment. Certainly foods should be purchased through one general supply office aware of the fact that this huge quantity of butter was available, instead of new purchases of an inferior article, oleo, being made for our servicemen, Further as to imports: Let us glance at some other figures. From July to November, we imported
1950 18,500,000 bushels of barley, even though Government stocks were on November 30 over 58,000,000 bushels. From July to November we imported over 12,000,000 bushels of oats, even though Government stocks on November 80 were over 40,000,000 bushels. From July to November, we imported 45,480 bags of dried beans, even though Government stocks were 9,000,000 bags. From July to November, while hog prices skidded badly throughout the Midwest, we imported over 1,500,000 pounds of pork and pork products. But worst of all: From July to Novem- ber, we imported the equivalent of 90,- 000,000 shell eggs in shell, frozen, and dried form, most of them from Red China where the industry is being ex- panded and shipments increased. It is ridiculous to import a large quan- tity of eggs, putting our market into such a position that in December and January throughout our district farm- ers were receiving from 20 to 25 cents per dozen for eggs. Is it good business to import eggs in the face of the huge stock of dried eggs owned by the Government and for which a market is not avail- able? Why does not this administration pro- hibit the bringing into the United S.ates of huge quantities of the same farm products for which we have difficulty in maintaining parity for the producer? Can you understand the line of reason- ing that permits these imports of com- petitive farm products? I cannot. Secondly, we must not destroy food. On January 12, I suggested to Secretary Brannan that any surplus foods which could be used, should be made available to the old people of this Nation who are on old-age assistance. Also, these products could be distributed through the county welfare organizations in every county to people who could show that their children were not obtaining suf- ficient nourishing food because of lack of family income. It will be necessary to provide funds for the Commodity Credit Corporation to use for paying the freight on its surplus commodities to central points of distribution. It is far better to furnish this money than to permit good food to deteriorate and rot. I would strongly urge that if this sur- plus food is made available to welfare organizations for distribution, that it be given to these organizations only on the condition that they do not use thi- food as a club to beat down the already piti- fully small grants to our old peovle who are forced to be old-age recipients, I would also strongly urge that the names of the families to whom these foods are distributed be kept confiden- tial. Even in the school-lunch program today some communities unthinkingly publish the names of the children whose parents are unable to pay for their lunches. There is no reason to cause humiliation to anybody, children espe- cially, if our surplus foods are placed into consumption through welfare channels. Let our own people eat this food if they need it and by all means let us not de- stroy good food. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE RABBIT WEEK Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute, to revise and extend my remarks and include a proclamation by the mayor of the city of Glendale, Calif. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Cali- fornia? There was no objection. Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, the mayor of the city of Glendale, Calif., is in Washington in his personal capacity, but in his official capacity he has brought to me a proclamation which he has made in conjunction with matters which will be apparent when I read his proclama- tion: Whereas I have been requested to proclaim Rabbit Week from February 12 to 18, at a time when citizens generally should recog- nize the excellent qualities of rabbits as a food for human consumption; and Whereas rabbits are known to multiply very rapidly, but are greatly outdistanced in the rapid multiplication of the tax load upon our people; and Whereas the rapid multiplication of the taxes of our country makes it advisable that our people should know of al! available sources of food supply if we are to have any money left after tax payments to purchase any food; and Whereas many people know very little of rabbits, except a belief they come from magicians’ hats, and likewise many legisla- tors and commissioners empowered to levy taxes seemingly know very little of dollars except & hazy belief they grow on trees, and Whereas the rapid multiplication of the rabbit specie, when in the wild state, causes them to become pests, furnishing us an ex- ample of concern that if the rapid multipli- cation of the tax load is not curtailed, the people might go wild and likewise become pests; and Whereas rabbits are herbagors—that ts, an- imals that graze, illustrating further concern that if the tax load is not lessened, the people might become herbagers, thus taking from the rabbits a long-cherished right of grazing in the flelds, resulting in unfair com- petition to the rabbits, with extended hear- ings, long-drawn-out litigation, and inevi- table bureaucratic regulations over grazing rights between long-eared rabbits and long- suffering taxpaycrs, all of which ie contrary to the peace, dignity, and comity between fast-running rabbits and fast-sinking tax- payers: Now, therefore, I, George R Wickham, mayor of Glendale, Calif., a city of over 100,- 000 cultural, well-behaved, loyal, and patri- otic citizens, do hereby call upon the Con- gress of the United States, State legislatures, county commissioners, boards of supervisors, city councils, and all taxing agencies s9 pyramidally engrafted upon our beloved Na- tion, to take note that rabbits are a delicious food, containing nutriment and vitamins of sustaining and healthful value; but at the same time to remember and heed that multi- plication of taxes, like unrestrained multi- plication of rabbits, is neither conducive to the public welfare nor necessary to the pur- suit of happiness. Witness my hand this 1st day of February 1950. Grorae R. WICKHAM, Mayor of the City of Glendale, Calif. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent to extend my remarks in the Recorp and include an editorial from the Altoona Tribune of February 1771 11 entitled “Was Lincoln a Reaction- ary?” The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Penn- sylvania? There was no objection. Mr. HUBER. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, and I shall not ob- ject, how much is this going to eost? Mr. RICH. It is just one of those items that are being put in every day by every Member. Mr. HUBER. I read the Rrcorp every day, and every day it costs 680 a page. Some day we have got to stop saving money somewhere, Mr. RICH. Stopsaving money? That is the trouble with you. You are not trying to stop saving money. Mr. RANKIN. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Speaker, I want to correct the impression made by the gentleman from Ohio. It does not cost $80 a page. All it costs is the ink and the paper. We already have the machinery running and the people employed to print the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Mr. RICH. It may not cost $80 for that, but if the gentleman from Ohio will read it and if Members of the Con- gress will heed it, it will save you billions of dollars, Heed it. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Penn- sylvania? There was objection. THE POTATO SITUATION Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Speak- er, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Cali- fornia? There was no objection. Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Speak- er, I want to compliment the distin- guished gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. H. Cart ANDERSEN! on his very frank statement in pointing out that the Secre- tary of Agriculture at the present time does not have authority to pay the freight on surplus potatoes when they are for human consumption. I also wish to point out the difference in the frankness and fairness of the gentleman from Min- nesota as compared to other Members on the minority side who during the past few days have apparently sought to cast some blame on the Secretary of Agri- culture in the potato situation. There certainly can be no blame justifiably put on the Secretary in that matter, because the antiadministration coalition in Con- gress passed the present law over the pro- test of the administration. The adminis- tration’s bill would have provided that those potatoes go to the American con- sumer at whatever price they would bring. The potatoes would have been eaten at this time at a cheaper price to the consumer rather than lying there and rotting, as they are now. SERVICEMEN’S READJUSTMENT ACT— MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 466) The SPEAKEF laid before the House the following message from the President
1772 of the United States, which was read, and, together with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and ordered to be print- ed with illustrations: To the Congress of the United Svates: In the budget message for 1951, I stated that there is some question whether some of the training being received by veterans under the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act is conforming to the origina] sound objectives of the law. I also said that I had asked the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to study this situation thor- oughly and to recommend to me any cor- rective measures, administrative or legis- lative, which should be taken to assure that our expenditures for this program yield a proper return both to the veterans and to the Nation as a whole. The contribution which the Service- men’s Readjustment Act has made to the postwar development of the Nation's most important resource—its young men and women—is very great. It is now approxi- mately 4 years after general demobiliza- tion. During these 4 years the over- whelming proportion of all veterans have completed their readjustment or moved far in that direction. For the great ma- jority of those who have made use of the education and training provisions of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, the law has been of real and lasting service. A great deal of fine education and training has been provided. The Nation will be better prepared to face the difficult prob- lems of the future because of the im- proved education and skills provided to millions of its worthy and capable young men and women. Because the law has contributed effec- tively to the successtul transition of so many veterans, I am confident that vet- erans and nonveterans alike will wish to see that the record of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act shall not be blemished by the belated growth of certain kinds of trade and vocational training which do not contribute materially to the prompt and constructive readjustment of veterans. It was this conviction which led me to ask for a careful study of this aspect of the veterans’ training program. The Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget have now reported to me. Their report makes it clear that the recent rapid increase in trade and vocational training has included training of less than acceptable quality. In a number of cases veterans have not received instruc- tion which meets reasonable standards. In a good many instances veterans have been trained for occupations for which they are not suited or for occupations in which they will be unable to find jobs when they finish their training. It seems evident that each time a course of trade and vocational training does not contribute in a substantial way to the occupational readjustment of a veteran; it constitutes a failure of that portion of the program. Such failure is costly to the veteran, to his family, and to the Nation. While nothing that we may do can entirely eliminate such fail- ures, I feel that steps can and should be CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE taken to give greater assurance that every trade and vocational course under the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act will provide good quality training and will in each instance help a veteran to com- plete his occupational readjustment and find satisfactory employment. The report of the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, which I transmit herewith, contains recommendations to achieve this purpose. I commend the report to the Congress. In the interest of veterans as individuals and in the in- terest of the Nation, I urge that the Con- gress take suitable action, as it has done previously with respect to other types of training, to assure that all trade and vocational training conforms with the original sound intent of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. Harry S. TRUMAN, THE WHITE Howse, February 13, 1950. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my re- marks in the Recorp and include a re- port from the Committee on Un-Amer- ican Activities on Faker Einstein. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mls- sissippi? There was no objection. ABRAHAM LINCOLN Mr MACK of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 10 minutes and revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Ilh- nois? There was no objection. Mr. MACK of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I have heard many fine addresses here with regard to Lincoln’s Birthday. Coming from the Abraham Lincoln district in Illinois, I want to say a few words on this occasion. Mr. Lincoln was, without question, one of the greatest Presidents of all time, and he has merited the praise that has been extended him. However, we have idolized him and praised him to such an extent that we have a tendency to for- get that this great President was also a human being. His life’s story relates and vividly impresses us with the fact that he made mistakes. He was a failure as a shopkeeper and was adjudged by many people in his own community as shift- less and a certain failure in life. He was defeated in political life just as many of us have been at some time or other. He was human like most of us living today. Perhaps it is this background that con- tributed so much to his greatness by in- stilling in his heart love for his fellow men. Lincoln was a humble man, and it was this humility that made him a really great man. I think that he would prefer to be remembered today as the person he really was, a human being. Mr. Speaker, I was deeply impressed with an article about Abraham Lincoln in one of the weekly newspapers in my district. This article was written by the editor of the Macoupin County Enquirer and I feel that it exemplifies my feelings FEBRUARY 13 as to what Abraham Lincoln would like to have said on this day. It included an autobiography written by Lincoln himself. I would like to in- clude that in the Recorp on this occa- sion. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from IIli- nois [Mr. Mack]? There was no objection. CHASING HEADLINES WITH W. L. 8CHMITT Sunday is Abraham Lincoln’s birthday. Noting that fact, I got down some of my Lincoln books with the idea of writing a sketch appropriate to the occasion. The books are fascinating, and the evening was gone almost betore I knew it. The reading carried me in memory to visits that I have been privileged to make * * * to the Lincoln home and tomb in Springficld, and the feeling of awe that filled my heart as I moved silently through the rooms where he had lived, loved and labored * * ®* and how I felt I was in the prosence of that great man as I stood in the inner room of his tomb and read the line. “And now he belongs to the ages.” One of the ambitions of my life, and one which I hope one day to realize is to visit his birthplace in Kentucky, and the wonderful stone structure that covers the tiny log cabin which was the Lincoln home in 1809; to visit the site of the Lincoln home in Spencer county, Indiana, where the State of Indiana has 1ecently finished a memorial structure, not far from the modest tomb- stone that marks the grave of Nancy Hanks Lincoln; the magnificent Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D C, where each year mil- lions are drawn by its splendor and by the everlasting greatness of that lonely man from the Illinois prairies. Then I came to this conclusion: So much has been written about Lincoln, by compe- tent students of his life, that it would in- deed be a brave person who would attempt to set down anything new. On top of that I was intrigued more than ever by Lincoln's own autobiography, the only one he is known to have written. He penned it for use in his 1860 campaign for the Presidency. Its brevity and simple language, together with the man- ner in which he plays down his difficulties in gaining an education, bring it almost to the rating of a classic Let’s read it again: “I was born February 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Ky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families—nsec- ond families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now reside in Adams, and others in Macon County, Ill. My paternal grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockingham County, Va., to Kentucky about 1781 or 1782, where a year or two later he was killed by the Indians, not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pa. An effort to identify them with the New England tumily of the same name ended in nothing more definite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mordecai, Solomon, Abraham, and the like. “My father, at the death of his father, was but 6 years of age, and he vrew up Hterully without education. He removed from Ken- tucky to what is now Spencer County, Ind., in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up. There were some schools, so-called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ‘readin’, wiitin’, and cipherin’,’ to the rule of three,
1950 If a straggler supposed tou understand Latin happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and cipher to the rule of three, but that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education, I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. “I was raised to farm work, which I con- tinued till I was 22. At 21 I came to Illinois, Macon county. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard county, where I remained a year as a sort of a clerk in a store. Then came the Black Hawk War, and I was elected a captain of volunteers, @ success which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went into the campaign, was elected, ran for the legislature the same year (1832), and was beaten—the only time I ever had been beaten by the people. The next and three succeed- ing biennial clections I was elected to the legislature. During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfeld to practice it. In 1846 I was once elected to the lower House of Congress. Was not a candidate for re-election. From 1849 to 1054, both inclusive, practiced law more assiduous- ly than ever before. Always a Whig in poli- tics; and generally on the Whig electoral tickets, making active canvasses. I was los- ing interest in politics when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise aroused me again. What I have done since that is pretty well known. “If any personal description of me is thought desirable, it may be said I am, in height, 6 feet 4 inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing on an average 180 pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair and grey eyes. No other marks or brands recollected ” The times of Washington seem so remote that it is hard to realize that the men who founded our Nation really existed But in the case of Lincoln, when we consider that he was familfar with the commumity in which we live and men and women we knew knew him, we can visualize the tall and silent, tragic Lincoln as very human, and very near end dear to us. He was a great and good man, born destined to blot out a great national shame—slavery, and to reunite a Nation torn by rebellion That was Lincoln, and as he might have sald: “No other marks or brands recollected " The SPEAKER. Under previous order of the House, the gentleman from Wis- consin |Mr. SmitH! is recognized for 15 minutes. ABRAHAM LINCOLN Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- er, the Republican Party was born in the State of Wisconsin. As a son of that commonwealth, it is fitting and proper for me to acknowledge that the first and greatest leader of that party was Abra- ham Lincoln. As time marches on his stature increases in depth and in glory. His contemporaries were unable to measure the meaning of his simple lan- guage or his humanitarianism. Time only has added increased lustre to this immortal figure. Today, Mr. Speaker, as we observe his birthday we instinctively turn to him. We know him now as the man who was born of humble people under circum- stances that were indeed set in the full atmosphere of the hardy pioneer. We see him as the railsplitter, as the young captain in wars against the Indians. In that connection, Mr. Speaker, the story is XCVI—-112 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE told that when the war against the Blackhawks was over, young Lincoln was mustered out of military service in my district at Whitewater, Wis. From that city he walked to his home in Illinois. We also see Lincoln as the lawyer who rode the circuit of the courts in his State. He was never the great legal ex- pert, but his ability to find the facts and apply them with uncanny, but homely logic, was unmatched anywhere in his State. We see him again as the politician in this very House of Repre- sentatives and later as he matched his wit with Douglas in the celebrated Lincoln- Douglas debates over the issue of slav- ery. Still later we see him as he speaks to his friends and neighbors in Spring- field when he starts his journey to Wash- ington—never to return. Mr. Speaker, Lincoln’s elevation to the Presidency would have been impossible without his wit and oratory and his matchless ability to speak in simple un- derstandable language. No more beauti- ful English has ever been written. Lincoln gave apt expression to the hopes that rested in the hearts of men when he declared the principles upon which a free government must resl— as, by, and for the people. Many other heroes—civil, military, and religious are forgotten, but the great Lincoln has become a symbol of liberty all over the world. To him human rights tran- scended all others, yet, he recognized the right to own property. It was he who said that no one had the right to de- Stroy his neighbor's property. Like- wise, he condemned the unwise use of property for selfish purposes and particu- larly monopolistic practices. Mr. Speaker, thic should be a day of soul-searching for Republicans as our party members join to laud the memory of our Great Emancipator. What would Lincoln say of conditions today and what kind of a program would he advocate? In 30 years we have won two World Wars ostensibly to make liberty and freedom safe for people everywhere. After the first victory we lost the peace at the peace conference. Five years after the second victory we are impotent to write a peace with our own allies. And today the world is hali slave and half free as was our own country in 1860. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield. Mr, RANKIN. I wish to call the gen- tleman’s attention to the fac‘ that in the Black Hawk War when Abraham Lincoln was sworn in as a captain in the United States Army, the oath was administered to him by Col. Jefferson Davis, of Mis- sissippi. If those great men could come back here today and see the commu- nistic drives that are being made to un- dermine and destroy this Government, they would join hands in the fight to save America for Americans. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. What would Lincoln say about bungling states- manship which sacrificed principles for expediency at Cairo, Yalta, Tehran, and Potsdam? What would he do today as he considered the A- and H-bombs—as he considered the arms race now in progress between a free society and a slave society? He perhaps would not 1773 point an accusing finger at anyone, but he would face the facts as they are and then apply his simple logic to them. We face imponderables today as Lin- coln faced them before the Civil War. By his wisdom he saved the Union and now we are challenged to do our part to save the world—civilization—asainst to- tal devastation that must follow world war III. In considering the problems of today I believe that Lincoln would declare that if people are to be free, then the indi- vidual is supreme. He would further state that government must always be the servant of the people, never its mas- ter. I also believe that he would insist upon the right of a people to determine the form of government under which they would live—the right of self-deter- mination. To preserve this principle Lincoln would go to war. What would Lincoln say about the in- filtration of subversive elements in high Government positions, and about “red herrings,” and the conviction of a for- mer high official in the State Depart- ment who lied about his part in a scheme to pass on valuable informaiton to an enemy? What would he think about the Secrctary of State who defended this man after his conviction? Where would he place these people who would destroy their own Government from within? We know the answer because Lincoln went to war to preserve the Union. Mr. Speaker, the Great Emancipator was on his knees when searching for guidance 1n those dark days of the Civil War. We should follow his example as we face destruction by the atom bombs, The very great nced of this day is to re- new the spirit that permeated the heart and mind of Abraham Lincoln. That is the challenge to every American regard- less of party; to make sure that this country will not be destroyed from with- in. Again we are called upon to save the Union against those within who would substitute a world government for one that has given the highest standard of living for any people on the face of the earth. It must not be destroyed. Long may the land of Lincoln thwart the am- bitions of dictators. Here there must be one people, free and indivisible, with lib- erty and justice for all. The SPEAKER pro tempore STEED], Under the previous order of the House, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] is recognized for 10 min- utes, (Mr. TWO-PARTY GOVERNMENT Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, perhaps one of the strangest and at the same time most interesting incidents that has happened recently is that where Thomas Stokes took occasion to criticize the Republican Party be- cause it was not more effective. Over the years, as most of us know, Mr. Stokes has taken occasion to criticize, shall I say—that is a mild term when used with his writing—criticize all those who opposed the administration. Time and time again he has taken Republicans over the coals, blistering them without cause—attempting always to discredit them. Then a few months ago he came out with a column in which he stated
1774 that 1( was just too bad that the Repub- lie:n Party was not more effective in its opposition to the New Deal because he said it was necessary that we have in this country e two-party Government. Af- ter doing everything within his power to tear down the Republican Party he be- moans the fact it is not stronger in its opposition to the New Deal which he evidently now thinks is dangerous to the Nation’s welfare. Not long ago the ma- jority leader, the gentleman from Mas- sachusetts [Mr. McCormack] stated that he believed in two-party government, and I am sure he does. But let me show you just what is happening here in Con- gress to the two-party system. Last year, when the majority Democrats took over the committees, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DAWSON] became chairman of the Standing House Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Depart- ments. The gentleman from Massachu- setts [Mr. MCCORMACK] is a member of that committee. The gentleman from Indiana {Mr. HALLECK), our former ma- jority leader when the Republicans were in power, was a member of that com- mittee. The chairman, after consulta- tion with, I assume, the majority mem- bers, anyway, after consultation with someone, named the majority members of five subcommittees of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Depart- ments. I harpen to be the ranking minority member of that committce. We Repub- licans consulted—I was their ranking man—about naming the minority mem- bers of that committee. Wedid. We got along very well last year in committee; very well indeed. Under the two-party system and es- tablished practice the majority party always insists upon a majority of each standing and special committees being members of the majority party. The majority party leaves to the minority party the naming of minority members of each standing and special committee. In practice, the minority leadership, after consulting minority Members, sends to the Speaker the names of the minority members of the various com- mittees. The Speaker appoints those so named to the designated committees. When the committces are organized the majority selects the majority mem- bers of the staff and the minority mem- bers, acting through the ranking minor- ity member, name the members of the munority staff. . A similar practice is followed when members of the various subcommittees are selected; that is to say, the ranking minority member usually, after consult- ing with his fellow minority members, names the minority members of all sub- committees. The gentleman from MWlinois [Mr. Dawson], who is an ardent supporter of antidiscrimination legislation, has not, in my opinion, as chairman of the House Committee on Expenditures in the Exec- utive Departments, followed a course of nondiscrimination. When the gentleman from linois [Mr. Dawson] took over as chairman in 1949 the usual and customary procedure was followed. He, as chairman, named the majority members of five subcommittees. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE As ranking minority member I named the minority members of the same five subcommittees. Recently some investigations have been under way where testimony was given reflecting adversely upon at least one administrative agency. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Horrman] wrote a minority report criti- cizing more severely than did the major- ity report written by the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Harpy] the negligence of the Maritime Commission members and also suggesting strongly that the law be amended. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Horrman] has had some experience as an investigator and is not endeared to New Deal bureaucrats. At the opening of the second session of the Eighty-first Congress the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Dawson], disregard- ing the two-party system and the estab- lished practice and custom, removed the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Horr- maN!, in spite of his protest, from the Government Operations Subcommittce, but retained a new minority member on three of the five subcommittees. In addition to the question of whether Wickard and the administration has in the Department of Agriculture some- thing to cover up—as undoubtedly it has in the State Department—is a minor one. The real question is whether we shall have a two-party government or whether we shall, in theory, have two parties, but actually one party—the majority party—as in this instance, dominating the minority members, tell- ing the minority who shall and who shall not be on subcommittees. That is one- party government. It is easy to see why, if the gentleman from Hlinois [Mr. Dawson! is permitted to have his way, we will have not only “me-too-ism” in the minority members of the subcommittees and committees, but we will have “yes men”—men who, for one reason or another, will go along blindly and submissively with the House leadership. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Dawson] talks against discrimination, but here is a concrete example of how, when given authority, he exercises it. There are others with similar views and practices. Then last week, the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Harpy ]—and I regard him very highly as one of my personel friends—we get along all right—called me up and he said: “We want you to come up to a subcommittee meeting. We have something very important that is coming up in connection with the General Accounting Office. We also have some hearings that have to do with the REA and I would like to have you on that.” I had attended the previous hearings. Iwent up. But in the meantime I dis- covered I was not on the committee. Sol left. Some folks would say, “I took my doll and went home.” Why not? We were not going to be permitted to play there anyway. Lo and behold, here last Thursday, if that is the last day we were in session, the gentleman from Vir- ginia [Mr. Harpy] came over and he said, “I want you to come up here to a FEBRUARY 13 subcommittee meeting on Monday.” I said, “I cannot do that because I am not on the committee.” “Oh,” he says, “come on up.” “No, I cannot do it,” I said. “I remember what the Irishman said: ‘On again, off again, Finnegan.’ I cannot do that.” He says, “We need you.” I said, “Sure, somebody has got to turn the grindstone and you want old man Horrman around. He is willing to do it and sometimes he likes it espe- cially if it happens to hit anyone ovor here who is carrying water on both shoulders.” Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts. Mr. McCORMACK. I am wondering why the gentleman had to be around when they wanted somebody to turn the grindstone? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I may say to the gentleman from Massachusetts I guess it is because I am something of a sap. I do not kncw what else it can be. Mr. McCORMACK. I cannot permit the gentleman to find himself guilty of at, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The ecntleman cannot permit me to convict myself? Mr. MCCORMACK. I find the gentle- man not guilty of being a sap and if I were a judge I would not accept the gentleman’s confession. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The gentleman is not the judge and he is not the jury. Mr. McCORMACK. I am sitting here on the floor of the House. I am one of the judges. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. No. The gentleman {is an innocent bystander. Mr. McCORMACK. All right. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The gen- tleman, as I said, is just an innocent bystander. . I may also say to the gentleman from Massachusetts that when I was prac- ticing law I always delighted in suing a banker or some big corporation for the poor devil or the farmer boy when he got skinned out of his horses. He would go down to Jockey Street and get skinned out of his team. I would much rather sue the rich and powerful than the poor fellow who usually had no one to help him. The powerful always have some one to protect them. You know, I was always a meddler in legal affairs of the unfortunate, but as an isolationist not so much in European affairs. The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Harpy] came along and he said “Come on down.” “No,” I said, “why are you so anxious?” He said, “The rest of the Re- publicans are all out of town.” He said, “RIEHLMAN and Lovee, have gone, and we will not have any Republicans there, and that will not look good.” Well, I said, ‘I am not going to turn any grind- stones this time.’ He said, “Will you not do this for me?” “No,” I said, “I cannot do that, because the chairman of the full committee has taken all of my assumed authority, or whatever it was— I thought I had some and the Repub- licans had some away from me; so, I cannot do that.”
1950 Now, here I am, and I am not sure that I am even going to be on any sub- committee any more. What I would like to know, and that is why I asked the gentleman from Massachusetts to stay around here. as long as he believes in this two-party system, does he not think that if we have two parties that the minority party ought to be able to run its own affairs? Mr. McCORMACK. Will the gentle- man yield to me now? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. be delighted, and happy. Mr. McCORMACK. I think the gen- tleman misunderstands the situation. I will Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Maybe sO. Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. But I am out. Mr. McCORMACK. Now, let us see. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I am still sore where your chairman kicked me. Mr. McCORMACK. When the gentle- man from Michigan says he 1s out, I do not want the gentleman from Michigan to be out at any time. I have too much respect for the gentleman to be out when he should be in. This subcommittee the gentleman from Michigan is talking about is the subcommittee of which the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Harpy] is chairman. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. right. Mr McCORMACK. Is it not a fact that last year the representation was in- creased on the Republican side by one Mcmber and one on the Democratic side? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is right. Mr. McCORMACK. On that particu- lar subcommittee. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is right. Mr. McCORMACK. What the gentle- man says does not concern any other sub- committee. There has becn no Repub- lican taken off any other subcommittee. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Well, there has been one put on on another, on the Holifield subcommittee, without con- sulting the minority. Mr. McCORMACK. When the gentle- man from Michigan was put on there, there was a Democrat put on; I do not know just who it was. That is Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. HOLIrIELD, Mr. McCORMACK. Now he was taken off the committee. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes. Mr. McCORMACK. So, naturally, the gentleman being his opposite going on at that time would come off also. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. No, no. Listen. Mr. McCORMACK. All right. But there is an honest difference of opin- ion there. I suggested this to my friend. He came over and spoke to me on the floor and I said, “Certainly, I will be glad to look into it, and you ought to go and see the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Dawson], who is very considerate,” and the first thing I knew, I picked up the Recorp and I found that my friend had made a speech before he came to see me, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. And I toi the gentleman when I saw him that ad. Mr. McCORMACK. Well, I did not hear it, and I accept the gentleman’s statement. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is why I am making another one now that the gentleman is here. Mr. McCORMACK. Now, Ido not like to enter into any discussion with my friend, because I went to look at the Rrec- ORD and see what the gentleman said. My understanding also is that the gentle- man, as ranking minority member, is ex officio a member of all subcommittees. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Ex officio? Mr. McCORMACK. That is all Iam. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Oh, the gentleman is the leader on that side. Mr. McCORMACK. I am proud of the fact that I am ex officio a member of all subcommittees, so that being so, if the gentleman is the ranking minority Member of that side he is ex officio a member of all subcommittees. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Ex officio? The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman from Michigan has expired. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to proceed for five additional minutes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentle- man from Michigan? There was no objection. Mr. McCORMACK. I can participate in sny subcommittee hearings. I can vote. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Oh, no. Only because our committee expressly authorizes it. And our committee hst does not so state. I am not listed as a committee member ex officio. Mr. McCORMACK. Of course, I can; that is understood. The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. McCormack], being a member of the committee, by reason of being majority leader, and the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Horr- MAN], by reason of being the ranking minority member, as I understand, are ex officio members of all subcommittees. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is right as to the chairman of the com- mittee. I do not know whether as ma- jority leader the gentleman is a member ex officio of all subcommittees. Mr. McCORMACK. Well, if that is right, I have won my case. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Oh, no, the gentleman has not, and I will tell him why. Now, you just listen to me, will you? Mr. McCORMACK. I agree that the matter should be looked into in order to have harmonious relationships. If the gentleman is disturbed—— Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Terribly disturbed. Mr. McCORMACK. How is that? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Terribly disturbed on behalf of my party; not on my own behalf. Mr. McCORMACK. No; I used the “disturbed” advisedly. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes. 1775 Mr. McCORMACK. Harmonious re- lationship between the two parties in the House is a matter that should always be maintained. It should always be maintained in the committee. I suggest to my friend that he let the matter rest, and let us get into a huddle. I think we can adjust the situation very quickly without using the House as a sounding board, yet that does not concern me any. However, the way to have harmony exist is through discussion and negotiation first. Then, if you cannot find a har- monious solution, take the floor. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I did try to bargain collectively, but I did not get anywhere. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman came to me after he made his speech. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes; but I tried to talk to the chairman before that. I told him I wanted to stay on that subcommittee, but he kicked me off. I do not like to be kicked off by one who is all out to eliminate discrimination. Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman then came to me. If there was a clash of personalities, which I do not admit, he then came to me as a conciliator. Is that right? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is right; and as one who stands for the two-party system, who wants to see it work. Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; but the gen- tleman came to me after he made his outburst. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. conciliator. Mr. McCCRMACK. Why did not the gentleman come beforehand? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The gen- tleman was rot around. I was off. I did not even know I was off until I went up- stairs last weck and saw my name had been stricken from the subcommittee list. Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; but there was a Democrat taken off who was put on at the same time the gentleman was put on, so the gentleman was not dis- criminated against. There is an honest misunderstanding at the most. Mr. HOTFMAN of Michigan. I ask for 5 minutes more if he is going to keep on. Mr.McCORMACK. I thought we were having a little friendly colloquy. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. We are. Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentle- man want it to continue or not? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. ahead, Mr. McCORMACK. Ihave no desire to continue. I made out my case a long time ago. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I will dispel the dust the gentleman has kicked up. What the gentleman says about the gentleman from California [Mr. HOL1- FIELD] having been on the top of that particular subcommittee and my having been on the other side on the top of that particular subcommittee is true. There is no question about that. But instead of putting the newly elected Democratic Member from California on there in place of Mr. Horiririp, wno is from California, and keeping the thing balanced as to As a Go
1776 numbers, they do not put him on but they take the gentleman from California [Mr. HOLIFIELD] off and they take me off. My point is this: The chairman of the full committee does that without con- sulting the minority. Perhaps the mi- nority would like to have me on that par- ticular committee and the low man on our side taken off. That was not done. I got the rumor straight from the Agri- culture Department that one reason why I was kicked off is that Mr. Wickard, whose REA is up for investigation—and that is what was up last week—did not want me on there. Mr. McCORMACK. But the gentle- man is on there ex officio. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Oh, ex officio. I am an “ex”; all right; do not worry about that. Mr. McCORMACK. That is all I am, The gentleman is on it just as much as I am. I am an ex officio member, and I have the right to participate and I have the right to vote. So ex officio means that instead of assigning me to every subcommittee, it is a blanket order, and Iamonthere. So isthe gentleman from Michigan. As far as that committee is concerned, the gentleman has a higher honor than any ranking minority mem- ber on any other committee. I do not think the gentleman will find the rank- ing minority member of any other com- mittee an ex officio member of a sub- committee. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. have five additional minutes? Mr. MCCORMACK. So the gentleman has been more highly honored by the Committee on Expenditures than any other ranking minority member has been by any other committee of the House. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Now he says that I am doubly honored because I am still ex officio. Sure. But before, I was ex officio I was also one of the regu- Jar subcommittee. You took away half of me, anyway. You cannot get around the proposition, I may say to the majority leader, that you denied the minority the right to say who should be on the sub- committee. If you gave us only 2 men on the Hardy committee, it was up to the minority to name those two and you can- not get away from it. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the gentleman from Michigan has expired. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the gentle- man be permitted to proceed for five ad- ditional minutes. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mr. McCORMACK. In all of this col- loquy we have had, perhaps the gentle- man from Michigan did not interpret my mind properly. Probably I did not express myself adequately enough. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. We have used enough words. Mr. McCORMACK. But assuming al- ways that the gentleman is astute, so that he can penetrate a person’s mind and see what is in there, he would have known thet I think his argument about being left off the committee is unnecessary, be- May I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE cause he is a member of the committee ex officio. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Yes, I got that “ex officio.” Mr. MCCORMACK. On that question, yes, it should be discussed. I will agree that that is a matter that should be dis- cussed. I am sure if the gentleman had discussed it before talking the matter would have been solved very, very easily. I am sure if we get together after this thing is over—if we get together with the chairman of the committee and the full committee the gentleman will be very happy, at which time I know he will be glad to come on the floor of the House and express his happiness. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I do not need to get together with my good friend, the gentleman from Massachusetts, or the gentleman from Tiinois, as long as the gentleman from Massachusetts says the matter is going to be discussed. I am going to be satis- fied. I know how it is going to come out, at least I think I do, and will come to the floor and express my satisfaction if the action is satisfactory. Mr. McCORMACK. That pleases me very, very much. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Well, then we are all happy. Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. STEED). The time of the gentleman from Michigan has expired. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under previous order of the House, the gentle- man from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD] is recognized for 25 minutes. THE SMOKE-JUMPER STORY—AERIAL FIRE DEPOT AND STORAGE GARAGE NEAR MISSOULA, MONT. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, most of the virgin commercial timber left in the United States lies in the far away places of our western mountains. There on State, private, and Federal lands are the pines, the firs, and the cedars—tim- ber stored on the stump, timber ready and waiting for its harvest, lumber and other forest products for national use, security, and prosperity. Intermingled with this older timber, young trees are growing to replace the parents trees—a new timber crop to supply the needs of future American families. Much of this national resource, espe- cially on the publicly owned national for- ests, is wilderness, long miles beyond the reach of present-day roads, traversed only by rough and winding trails for foot and horse, and ever these are few. Under good forest management and protection the young trees will live on and grow, the land will produce successive timber and ether crops in a sustained yield. But when, in dry western weather, lightning strikes, or men become care- less, the aspects change. When wildfire takes over, both present and future are threatened. Instead of resource produc- tion, there is resource destruction. Everybody loses when timber burns. Forage for domestic livestock, food for wildlife, watershed cover, recreation values, and the very soil itself, burn with the timber. When wildfire attacks our remote western forests, time is of the es- FEBRUARY 13 sence. And the essence of wildfire con- trol is speed. In similar pursuits infantry and cav- alry have largely given way to airborne troops, and in the West, footmen and horsemen have given way to airborne fire fighters who spearhead the attack on distant forest fires. These trained experienced fire fighters from the sky are called smoke-jumpers. In June 1949, four smoke-jJumpers from Missoula, Mont., gave a demonstration in Wash- ington. Fully equipped, they jumped from their cruising Ford trimotor to the Ellipse between the Monument and the White House grounds. They made good landings and cargo supplies were then dropped to them as a part of the show. The exhibition was greatly enjoyed by a large Capitol crowd. It was also tele- vised. It should be noted that in over 12,000 Jumps no jump fatalities have occurred. Actual fire fighting on the ground is very hazardous and takes human toll in spite of all precautions. Many newspaper and magazine pieces have been and are being written about the smoke-jumpers and they are the sub- Ject of several proposed motion pictures. The purpose, life, achievements, for- tunes and welfare of this unique organi- zation of young volunteers are of public interest, countrywide. It is with the welfare of the smoke- jumpers and a confidence in their value to forest protection that we are con- cerned. Here are the basic facts and essential needs: First. Shortly after World War I, the Army Air Corps and the United States Forest Service started cooperation on aerial fire detection in the West. This first step was the spotting and reporting of forest fires by flying patrol. The late Gen. H. H. Arnold figured prominently in this early phase. Second. Cargo dropping of supplies and equipment to ground fire-fighting crews was first employed by the Forest Service on actual fires in 1929. Six years later this had become a practical means cf supplying fire crews in the back coun- try. Third. Successful cargo-dropping led to the proposal that airplanes and para- chutists might also be used for trans- porting fire-fighters. For years this idea was regarded as a hair-brained scheme. In 1934 and subsequent years, quick-op- ening, partly steerable, and reasonably safe passenger parachutes were devcl- oped. Knowledge increased. Fourth. Smoke-jumping as a modern means of forest-fire control was west- ern-born in 1939. Dummy tests were made in advance of some 60 live jumps. Hardy aerial pioneers landed safely in green timber, mountain meadows, open- ridge tops, and on steep, boulder-strewn slopes in the high country. There were no injuries of consequence. Fifth. The first practical use of smoke- jumpers on actual fires came in 1940. Small squads functioned in Washington, Idaho, and Montana. Missoula-based jumpers hit and handled nine fires dur- ing a bad lightning season. An analysis of these indicated a net over-all savings
1950 of approximately $30,000 or nearly three times the cost of the entire project. The same year a smoke-jumper made the first rescue jump to a crashed plane and the first jump doctor was trained to care for injured fire-fighters and for medical] aid in other far country emer- gencies. Also, four United States Army officers came to the parachute training camp at Missoula to study Forest Serv- ice jumping equipment and techniques, This was one of the first steps in the de- velopment of Army airborne troops. Sixth. In 1941 the smoke-jumper proj- ect for the Inland Empire was trans- ferred wholly to and centered at Mis- soula to serve Montana and parts of ad- joining States. The Forest Service used and trained 26 men. A commercial fly- ing service provided ships and pilots. The jumpers handled nine fires with an estimated saving of $35,000 in fire-fight- ing costs, plus an unestimated amount of timber and watershed values. Seventh. In the last decade smoke jumping has proven of enormous value in forest-fire control. By quickly reach- ing remote fires, smoke-jumpers save natural resources. They also save costs, thousands of dollars, by getting to and controlling small fires before these young blazes swell into roaring infernos, ex- pensive, dangerous, and difficult to han- dle. It is estimated that in 1945 a net sav- ing of over $254,000 in suppression costs was effected. It is concelvable that many of the fires handled when small could, with control delayed, have gone over the hill and grown to a suppression cost of that much for a single fire. The losses to growing timber and watershed would probably have been very large. When the timberlands of Montana and Idaho are attacked by as high as 1,000 fires in a 10 day dry, lightning period, many of the hot spots are from 1 to 2 days distant by ground travel. But they can be reached by air in from 1 to 3 hours. Then a few men can handle a blaze that could otherwise become a major fire requiring the efforts of sev- eral hundred men. As an extreme com- parison, it is said that the Forest Service can put smokKe-jumpers on a fire 600 miles away faster than ground forces can reach a smoke only 10 or 15 miles past a road's end. Eighth. Smoke-jumping is no longer regarded as a harebrained idea, it is an established practical project. The sys- tem is used to protect national forest, national] park, State, and private timber- lands from just north of the Mexican border in Arizona to the Canadian line, and in Canada also. The first Dominion jumpers were Forest Service trained at Missoula, their instructors still attend Forest Service jump-training schools for refresher courses. During World War II our own Five Hundred and Fifty-fifth Battalion of Negro paratroopers were trained by Missoula instructors in timber jumping and fire fighting to combat the expected Japanese balloon fires. Paradector and rescue-work training have also been carried on. That is a résumé of smoke-Jumper his- tory and of the chief facts. Now, as given me by the United States Forest CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Service, here are the essential smoke- jumper needs: First. The Forest Service smoke-jump- er and aerial fire-control program has outgrown the available facilities at Mis- soula, Mont. Up to the present time, de- velopment of the physical plant from which thesmoke-jumpers operate has not kept pace with other progress. In fact, no substantial investment has been made in quarters, kitchens, mess halls, sanitary facilities, warehouses, contro] rooms, flying fields, and so forth, at the Missoula base. Using all possible safety precau- tions, the facilities that were available have had to serve. The Forest Service is limited by law as to the amount and type of improvements that can be made in rented facilities with Government funds. Now the welfare of 150 jumpers is affected. Second. Quarters: During the fire sea- son the men are housed and messed in an old county warehouse at the fair- ground adjacent to Hale Field on the outskirts of Missoula. This building lacks sanitation and is woefully inade- quate. Many of the men are forced to sleep outside next to riding-club horse corrals. The kitchen and mess hall ac- commodating 50 men are part of the same building. This causes further con- gestion and aggravates the inadequate and unsanitary set-up. This makeshift building does not begin to meet minimum standards. It is unsightly and unsatis- factory and gives the men little comfort or pride. Third. Other buildings: Two old CCC buildings placed together on a temporary foundation serve as parachute loft— repacking, repairs, and so forth—dis- patch and administrative office, smoke- jumper equipment storage and ready room—briefing and suiting up. This is inadequate and inefficient; even by tak- ing all reasonable precautions, it is still a firetrap. Even so, the Forest Service is forced to keep not less than $85,000 worth of jumper equipment stored there. This is specially designed equipment, its re- placement is difficult and slow. Fourth. Flying fleld: Hale Field is Missoula County land. Its runways are gravel, unlighted, and rather short for some of the aircraft in use such as the C-47. It is close to dangerous mountain obstructions. The Army Air Force will not land at Hale Field, indicating that they believe it unsafe for use by the larger modern aircraft. This is un- handy since they work with the Forest Service under cooperative agreement. Also, at times, freight must be trucked from Hale Field to another airport to be picked up by C-47’s. Abandonment of Hale Field seems certain at a very early date and considerable local pressure is directed toward that objective. In the aerial fire-fighting game, pre- daylight take-offs are often desirable. This places smoke-jumpers over a fire, ready to jump, at daylight. Evening flights are also common, often requiring planes to land after dark. The obsolete Hale Field is just an added hazard which could be eliminated by moving to a new location. Also, the county is considering disposing of its present set-up since it 1777 has obtained better grounds and build- ings for county-fair use at the old Fort Missoula base. This would leave the Forest Service no place from which to operate the smoke-jumper project. Fifth. Proposals: An entirely new physical plant is needed. This would be located on land to be acquired by the Forest Service adjacent to the present municipal airport west of Missoula and also county-owned. The CAA has indi- cated that the increased traffic thus brought to the municipal port plus the number of small private planes now fly- ing there might justify the installation of a modern control tower, a needed fa- cility at this field. The objective of bringing these lands under the authority of the act of March 1, 1911, is to place them under national forest administration and applicable laws, rules, and regulations. The pro- posal has been discussed with the mu- nicipal airport board and no obstacles or conflicts are foreseen. The project will contribute rather than detract from the business available to the loca] com- mercial flying concerns. It will assure continuance and expansion in western Montana of a valuable public service and an operation of real economic importance to the State and locality. The financing of the proposed project under the regular appropriations for the Forest Service is out o* the question. A special bill and appropriations are essen- tial. As listed below, the complete dc- velopment, including a garage, is esti- mated at $1,160,000, about equal to the cost of fighting 10 average big forest fires. Dormitory building, 19,- 400 square feet__-___. $203, 700 Parachute loft building, 14,630 square feet____- 120, 698 Fire equipment building, 60,000 square feet_____ 360, 000 Hangar building, 8,100 square feet__---._---. 52, 650 Custodian residence... 15, 000 ————_ $752, 048 Facilities__..----_--------...-... 106, 000 Furniture and equipment__-....2 27, 500 Garage, storage, 16,900 square feet_......---- $118, 300 Land ~_-..-----------.- 20, 000 138, 300 Subtotal ...-----.2.---- ee 1, 023, 848 Plans and contingent: Plans and supervision, 8 percent____---------------- 81, 908 Contingent, 53 percent..-..._. 64, 244 Grand total_.--------.---- 1, 160, 000 Mr. Speaker, I have today introduced H. R. 7257, a copy of which follows: H R. 7257 A bill to provide for the acquisition of land and the construction thereon of bulldings and appurtenances essential for forest fire control operations of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, at or near Missoula, Mont, and for other purposes Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized to acquire by donation, purchase, and/or condemnation such tract or tracts of land, at or near Mis- soula, Mont, as in his judgment may be suitable for the construction thereon of fire control smoke jumper headquarters, air cargo supply base, a storage garage and other facilities, and said land upon acceptance of
1778 title to be subject to all laws and regula- tions applicable to lands acquired under the act of March 1, 1911, as amended (16 U. 8. C. 615, 516). Src. 2. The Secretary of Agriculture 1s hereby authorized, by contract or otherwise, to cause to be planned, designed, and con- structed on said land, such buildings as in his judgment may be suitable as fire control smoke jumper headquarters, air cargo sup- ply base, storage garage, and other facilities, and including the purchase and installation of necessary equipment, the making of sewer, water, gas, electrical and other connections, and the construction of such roadways, side- walks, landscaping, and approaches as may be required. Src 3. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, there ts hereby author~ ized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise approprtated, the sum of $1,160,000: Provided, That the Secre- tary, may, prior to July 1, 1951, enter into contracts for the acquisition of the land and for the construction of the butldings and other tnstallatlons heretn authorized, to an amount not tn excess of $500,000. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to present to the House additional testimony show- ing the need for passage of my bill at the earliest opportunity. First. The use of airplanes for detec- tion and suppression of forest fires has long been an accepted and worth-while procedure. Second. The hauling of supplies, ma- terial, and manpower to the back-coun- try areas has proven successful, economt- ca], and essential to efficient operations. Third. The experimental use of smoke- jumpers for fire-suppression purposes, rescue missions, and emergency purposes has been completed after 10 years of in- tensive experimentation. The experi- ments have been successful and the For- est Service has now adopted this method of getting manpower and supplies to the very large areas of inaccessible parts of the national forests. Fourth. During the period of experi- mentation the Forest Service at Missoula, Mont., has used temporary, makeshift, and widely scattered and unsatisfactory facilities. The Forest Service at Missoula is now confronted with the problem of developing and organizing the smoke- jumper program on a permanent and effi- cient basis. The makeshift arrange- ments now in effect are no longer safe, efficient, nor adequate to mect the cur- rent problem. Fiith. The proposed plan involves shifting operations from several points within a radius of 30 miles of Missoula and concentrating the principal activi- tics at the new county airport several miles west of Missoula, Sixth. Facilitics to be abandoned are either leased improvements or temporary structures that have served their purpose and have been fully depreciated. In- ‘stallations, equipment, and other items of value will be transferred to the new location. The leases can be terminated without loss to the Government. Seventh. The advantages are many- fold. The principal value will be to con- centrate activities at an airport fully equipped for all-weather flying, surfaced runways, CAA facilities, weather-station developments, lighted runways, county maintenance, and easy accessibility. All types of planes can use this airport, and CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE adequate land is available on which the facilities proposed can be constructed at reasonable costs. Eighth. The proposed improvements are those considered necessary for con- ducting the proper training, housing, and equipping of some 150 smoke-jumpers each season. Also to be provided are storage facilities of food and equipment needed to service the national forests of this region and to permit full cooperation with other regions, the National Park Service, adjacent States, as well as local fire protective associations. The facili- ties proposed are sufficient only to meet the current requirements. Buildings will be so designed that expansion could be undertaken to meet future requirements as such need develops. To continue the smoke-jumper program with the present temporary makeshift facilities is un- sound, inefficient, unsafe, and unsanitary. The future success of fast action on fires depends on smoKe-jumpers and plane transportation. The future of the smoke-jumper program is dependent upon efficient operating facilities, stabil- ity of operations and housing, storage and training facilities that can be real- ized only with the development of perma- nent improvements properly located and coordinated. Ninth. Immediate authorization and approprtations are needed to acquire the land and prepare site plans, designs, and specifications for structures and fa- cilities. Appropriations for completion of the construction program could well include one-half the program in one fis- cal year and the balance in the succeed- ing year. Tenth. Regular annual appropriations to the Forest Service are inadequate to finance this special project. LEAVE OF ABSENCE By unanimous consent, leave of ab- sence was granted to Mr. Brann (at the request of Mr. SuirH of Virginia), for an indefinite period, on account of illness. SENATE BILL AND CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS REFERRED A bill and concurrent resolutions of the Senate of the following titles were taken from the Speaker's table and, under the rule, referred as follows: B 501. An act repealing section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948, to the Committee on Agriculture. S Con Res.69. Concurrent resolution to print additional copies of tmmigration hear- ings before a Judictary subcommittee; to the Committee on House Administration. 8. Con. Res. 70. Concurrent resolution au- thorizing the printing of addittonal copies of Senate Report No 1158, Eighty-first Congress, first session, entitled “Progress on the Hoover Commission Recommendations”; to the Com- mittee on House Administratton. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee had examined and found truly enrolled a bill of the House of the following title, which was thereupon signed by the Speaker: H.R. 6486. An act to amend certam pro- visions of the Internal Revenue Code to per- mit the use of additional means, including stamp machines, for payment of tax on dis- FEBRUARY 13 tilled spirtta, modify logs allowances for dis- tilled spirits, for the transfer and redistilla- tion of spirite, and for other purposes. The SPEAKER announced his signa- ture to enrolled bills of the Senate of the following titles: 8.485. An act for the relief of Joyce Violet Angel; 8S. 1604 An act conferring jurisdiction up- on the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the ciaim of P. DuWayne Biankley; 8.2319. An act to provide economic assist- ance to certain areas of the Far East; and 8.2681. An act to authorize the attend- ance of the United Siates Marine Band at a celebratton commemorating the one hun- dred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, to be held at Lexington and Concord, Mass., April 16 through 19, inclusive, 1960. BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee did on the following dates present to the President, for his approval, bills of the House of the fol- lowing titles: On February 7, 1950: H.R. 4106. An act for the relief of certain officers and employees of the Foreign Sei vice of the United States who, while in the course of their respective duties, suffered losses of personal property by reason of war condi- tions. On February 10, 1980: H R 587. An act for the relief of the estate of Dick Walook, Alfred L. Woods, and Ed- ward Kimoktoak. ADJOURNMENT Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accord- ingly (at 1 o’clock and 26 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday, Pebruary 14, 1950, at 12 o’clock noon. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- tive communications were taken from the Speaker’s table and referred as fol- lows: 1224. A letter from the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a draft of a pro- posed bill entitled “A bill for the rettef of Lt (jg) Charles W. Ireland, Supply Corps, United States Navy, and for other purposes”; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1225. A letter from the Acting Attorney General, transmitting a letter relative to the case of Christina Moumtzis Viahakis, file No, A-6856265 CR 27420, requesting that it be withdrawn from those before the Congress and returned to the jurisdiction of the De- partment of Justice; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1226. A letter from the Acting Attorney General, transmitting a letter relative to the case of Albino Cancelo Torrado, alias Albino Cancelo or Albino Torrado, file No. A-4375147 CR 26408, requesting that it be withdrawn from those before the Congress and returned to the jurtsdiction of the Department of Jus- tice; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1227. A letter from the Acting Attorney General, transmitting a letter relative to the case of Raymond Fred Manning or Raymond Frederick Leaford Manning or Raymond or Ray Prederick Manning, fille No. A-5688547 CR 23901, requesting that it be withdrawn from those before the Congress and returned
1950 to the jurisdiction of the Department of Justice; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1228. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a report pursuant to the act of July 14, 1943 (57 Stat. 563), which rovided for the establishment of the George ashington Carver National Monument; to the Committee on Public Lands. 1229. A letter from the Comptroller Gen- eral of the United States, transmitting the report on the audit of Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1949, pursuant to provi- sions of the Government Corporation Con- trol Act (31 U. 8. C. 841) (H. Doc. No. 467); to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments and ordered to be printed. 1230. A letter from the Comptroller Gen- eral of the United States, transmitting the report on the audit of Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation and subsidiaries for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1946 and 1947, pursuant to provisions of section 5 of the act of February 24, 1945 (59 Stat. 6), and the Government Corporation Control Act (31 U S C. 841), respectively (H. Doc. No. 468); to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments and ordered to be printed. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr DURHAM: Committee on Armed Serv- ices S 1990. An act to amend scction 429, Revised Statutes, as amended, ond the act of August 5, 1882, as amended, so as to sub- stitute for the requirement that detailed an- nual reports be made to the Congress con- cerning the proceeds of all sales of con- demned naval material a requirement that information as to such proceeds be filed with the Committces on Armed Services in the Congress: without amendment (Rept. No, 1619). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr SASSCER: Committee on Armed Serv- ices H. R. 6539. A bill to amend Public Law 626, Eightieth Congress, relating to the Army Institute of Pathology Building; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 1620). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. S. 204. An act for the relief of Eugenio Maisterrena Barreneche; without amendment (Rept. No. 1621). Reterred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. §.309. An act for the rellef of Gabe Budwee; without amendment (Rept. No. 1622). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judi- clary. H. R. 714. A bill for the relief of Pieter Cornelis ten Wolde and family; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 1623). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judi- ciary. H.R. 1170. A bill for the relict of Mrs. John Kaudy (formerly Stella Cappler) ; with an amendment (Rept. No 1624). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judi- ciary. H. R. 2232. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Solveig Normanson; with an amend- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE ment (Rept. No. 1625). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Judi- clary. H. R, 8330. A bill for the relief of Therese Hohman; without amendment (Rept. No. 1626). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judi- clary. H. R. 4604, A bill to authorize the admission into the United States of certain allens possessing special skills, namely, Alfred Zorgis, Teodor Egle, Karlis Fogelis, Vasily Kils, and Aleksanders Zelmenis; with an amendment (Rept. No. 1627). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. H. R. 4781. A bill for the relief of Veronica Jolly; without amendment (Rept. No. 1628). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr, FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judi- clary. H.R. 5541. A bill to amend Private Law No. 463, Seventy-sixth Congress; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 1629). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. CHELF: Committee on the Judiciary. H R. 6577. <A bill for the rellef of Haruko Teramoto; without amendment (Rept. No. 1630). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and sev- erally referred as follows: By Mr. MANSFIELD: H.R 7257. A bill to provide for the acquisi- tion of land and the construction thereon of buildings and appurtenances essential for forest-fire control operations of the Forest Service, United States Department of Agri- culture, at or ncar Missoula, Mont., and for other purposes, to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana: H R 7258. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code so as to provide for ceitain exemptions from the tax on admissions and to provide for exemptions from penalties for past offenses; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. BRYSON: H R 7259. A bill to repeal paragraph 813 of the Tariff Act of 1930, to the Committee on Ways and Means By Mr CHIPERFIELD: H R 7260. A bill to provide for the holding of court and the furnishing of quarters at Rock Island for the United States District Court for the Southern District, Northern Division, of Illinois; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. LANE: H R. 7261. A bill to provide better promo- tion opportunities for Federal employees in the executive department, to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. LEMKE: H R 7262, A bill to provide for the re- habilitation of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of the Turtle Mountain Reservation, N. Dak., and tor other pur- poses; to the Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 7263. A bill to provide for the dona- tion by the United States of the site of the original Fort Buford, N. Dak., to the State of North Dakota; to the Committee on Agri- culture By Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee: H R 7264, A bill to authorize the estab- lishment of methods for the evaluation of the performance of work of Federal em- ployees, and for other purposes; to the Com- mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. H.R. 7265, A bill to provide for the conduct of a periodic census of governments; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. NOLAND: H.R. 7266. A bill providing for a com- memorative stamp in honor of the one hun- 1779 dred and fiftieth anniversary of the forma- tion of the Indiana Territory; to the Com- mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. O’KONSKI: H.R. 7267. A bill to revise the basis for award of disability pension; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. PACE: H. R. 7268, A bill to amend the Bankhead- Jones Farm Tenant Act so as to provide a more effective distribution of mortgage loans insured under title I, to give holders of such mortgage loans preference in the refinancing of loans on a noninsured basis, to adjust the loan Hmitations governing title II loans so as to provide more effective assistance to production and subsistence loan borrowers, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. PERKINS: H.R. 7269. A bill to provide pensions for certain peacetime veterans, to the Commit- tee on Veterans’ Affairs. H R. 7270. A bill to provide pensions for disabled unemployable veterans who served in a war, campaign, expedition, or insurrec- tion beyond the continental limits of the United States; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs By Mr. PETERSON: H R. 7271. A bill making certain provisions in connection with the certificate of merit granted to an enlisted man for distinguished service; to the Committee on Armed Services. H. R. 7272, A bill to amend section 7 of the act of May 29, 1944 (Public Law 319, 78th Cong.); to the Committee on Merchant Ma- rine and Fisheries. H R 7273 A bill to provide a civil govern- ment for Guam, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Public Lands. By Mr RANKIN (by request): H R 7274 A bill to revise requirement for award of additional disability compensation to veterans who have denendents; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. H R. 7275. A bill to adjust death pension rates of widows and children of deceased vet- erans of World Wars I and II; to the Com- mittee on Veterans’ Affairs. H.R. 7276. A bill to increase disability pen- sion rates of vaterans of World Wars I and II, to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. WILSON of Oklahoma: H.R 7277. A bill to amend Veterans Regu- lation No. 1 (a), part I, as amended, to es- tablish a conclusive presumption of service connection for loss of teeth, and for other purposes, to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. STANLEY: H J Res. 418. Joint resolution authorizing the purchase of automatic typing equipment for use in the offices of Members, officers, and committees of the House of Representatives; to the Committee on House Administration. By Mr. HESELTON: H Ros. 470. Resolution to amend rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr, KEATING: H. Res. 471. Resolution to amend rule XI of the Rules of the House of Representatives; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee: H Res 472. Resolution providing for fur- ther amounts to cover the expenses incurred by House Resolution 114, Eighty-first Con- gress; to the Committee on House Adminis- tration, MEMORIALS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memorials were presented and referred as follows: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis- lature of the State of Maine, relative to the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Maj. Gen. Henry Knox and requesting that the Congress pass appropriate legislation au- thorizing the ir.uance of a postage stamp
1780 showing the beautiful Montpelier with a por- trait of Gen. Henry Knox; to the Committees on Post Office and Civil Service. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. ANDREWS: H.R. 7278. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Clara M. Fortner; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. By Mr. ANGELL: H.R. 7279. A bill for the relief of Umeko Stevenson; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. By Mr BENNETT of Florida: H R. 7280. A bill for the relief of Dr. Apostolos A. Kartsonis; to the Committee on the Judiciary By Mr. BYRNE of New York: H.R. 7281. A bili for the rellef of Charles W. Ireland; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. By Mr. FORD: H.R. 7282. A bill for the relief of Cornelius VerSluis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HERLONG: H. R. 7283. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Jack B. Meyer; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. McCARTHY: H.R. 7284. A bill for the relief of George Lahood; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. JOSEPH L. PFEIFER (by re- quest) : H.R. 7285. A bill for the relief of Orlando Santos Rodrigues; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. THOMPSON: H R 7286 A bill for the relief of Paolo Danesi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. STEED: H R. 7287. A bill to provide for the con- veyance to William Sandmann of certain real property in Coal County, Okla.; to the Com- mittee on Public Lands. PETITIONS, ETC. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk’s desk and referred as follows: 1831. By Mr CROSSER: Communication stating that Ohio students win both divi- sions of national conservation poster con- test, to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. 1832. By Mr. RICH: Petition of employees of secondary recovery producers, McKean County, Pa, in opposition to any change in the depletion allowance rate to the ofl in- dustry, to the Committe on Ways and Means. 1833. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Mrs. Grace McCracken O’Dwyer and others, Wash- ington, D. C, requesting that Congress hold strictly to the liberty we arc endowed with in the United States Constitution and asking that they vote against any legislation such as embodied in the world federation bills, House Concurrent Resolutions 64 through 94, now pending before the Congress; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1834. Also, petition of O, O. Owens, Tulsa, Okla., requesting a thorough investigation by the Congress of collusion and frauds, includ- ing forgery, by the Bureau of Internal Reve- nue, its officers, agents, attorneys, and other representatives perpetrated pursuant to a prolonged and continuous series of con- spiracies to extort money from eaid O. O. Owens; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1835. Also, petition of Elizabeth Nord, Rhode Island State Industrial Union Council, Providence, R. I., relative to the continuation of the partition dividing all the people of Ireland and requesting that the Congress do all in its power to bring this unjust con- dition to an end; to the Committee on For- eign Affairs, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE 1836. Also, petition of Dr. John M. Chang, Ambassador, Korean Embassy, Washington, D. ©., relative to a letter from the National bly of the Republic of Korea expressing gratitude for the approval by Congress of the . economic-aid bill for Korea; to the Commit- tee on Foreign Affairs. 1837. Also, petition of N. D. Watson and others, Dover, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1838. Also, petition of James A. Hoyt and others, Tampa, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2135 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1839. Also, petition of Annie McElroy and others, Miami, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1840, Also, petition of J. F. Anstett and others, Orlando, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2186 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1841. Also, petition of C. W. Wilson and others, Miami, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2136, known aa the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1842. Also, petition of W. A. Bloom and others, Tampa, Fla., requesting passage of House. bills 2135 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1843. Also, petition of Mrs. W. C. Rice and others, Orlando, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2186, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1844. Also, petition of O. A. Jordan and others, Dover, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. SENATE TuESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1950 (Legislative day of Wednesday, January ¢, 1950) The Senate met at 12 o’clock meridian, on the expiration of the recess. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D. D., offered the following prayer: Our Father God, we come seeking wide horizons around our noisy days. Through our preoccupied and cluttered lives we would clear a highway for Thy holy pur- poses. More potent than the raucous voices without may there come the whis- per of a still voice within, heard only by obedient hearts. May all life, private and public, be to us as a sacrament. Make Thou our bodies Thy temples and our hearts Thy altars where the sacred flame is ever burning. We ask it in the Redeemer’s name. Amen. THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. Lucas, and by unan- imous consent, the reading of the Jour- nal of the proceedings of Friday, Feb- ruary 10, 1950, was dispensed with. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT—AP- PROVAL OF BILLS AND JOINT RESOLU- TION Messages in writing from the Presi- dent of the United States were communi- FEBRUARY 14 cated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries, and he announced that the President had approved and signed the following acts and joint resolution: On February 9, 1950: 8. 1282. An act to authorize grants under the Federal Airport Act for minor projects at major airports, and for other purposes. On February 11, 1960: 8.1801. An act for the relief of Mrs. Efe ®. Campbell; and 8. J. Res. 105. Joint resolution to provide unrestricted entry privileges for Sister Eliza- beth Kenny. On February 138, 1950: 8.570. An act for the relief of Donald Frane cis Wierda; and 8.1008. An act for the relief of Emory T. Wales. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE—ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its reading clerks, announced that the Speaker had affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills, and they were signed by the Vice President: 8.485. An act for the relief of Joyce Violet Angel; 8.1604. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico to hear, deter- mine, and render judgment upon the claim of F. DuWayne Blankley; 8.2319. An act to provide economic as< sistance to certain areas of the Far East; §. 2681. An act to authorize the attendance of the United States Marine Band at a cele- bration commemorating the one hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, to be held at Lexington and Concord, Mass., April 16 through 19, inclusive, 1950; and H.R, 6486. An act to amend certain pro- visions of the Internal Revenue Code to per- mit the use of additional means, including stamp machines, for payment of tax on dis- tilled spirits, modify loss allowances for dis- tilled spirits, for the transfer and redistilla- tion of spirits, and for other purposes. SOUTHERN FIREPROOFING CO. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a message from the House of Representatives announcing its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 627) for the relief of Southern Fireproofing Co., of Cincinnati, Ohio, and requesting a conference with the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon. Mr. McCARRAN. I move that the Senate instst upon its amendment, agree to the request of the House for a confer- ence, and that the Chair appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate. The motion was agreed to; and the Vice President appointed Mr. Kzncorz, Mr. Macnuson, and Mr. DonNELL con- ferees on the part of the Senate. CALL OF THE ROLL Mr. LUCAS, I suggest the absence of @ quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will call the roll. The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to their names: Anderson Douglas Ginette Byrd Downey Graham Chapman Eastland Green Chavez Ecton Gurney Oonnally Ellender Hayden Cordon Ferguson Hendrickson Darby Fulbright Hickenlooper Donnell George
Holland Lucas Bmith,N. J. Humphrey McCarran Sparkman Hunt McClellan Stennis Johnson, Colo. McFarland Taylor Johnson, Tex. McKellar Thomas, Okla. Johnston, 8.0. McMahon Thomas, Utah Kefauver Magnuson Tydings Kerr Necly Wheny Kilgore O’Conor Williams Knowland O’Mahoney Withers Leahy Robertson Lehman Russell Mr. LUCAS. I announce that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. BEnTON], the Senator from Delaware (Mr. Frear], the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. Hoey), the Senator from Louisiana [Mr, Lone], the Senator from Montana [Mr. Murray], the Senator from Pennsylvania (My. Myers], and the Senator froin Florida {[Mr. PEprer] are absent on pub- lic business. The Senator from South Carolina (Mr. Maybank! is necessarily absent. Mr. WHERRY. I announce that the Senator from Vermont | Mr. AIKEN], the Senator from Indiana [Mr. CaPEHART], the Senator from New Hampshire (Mr. Bripces], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. DworsHax!, the Senator from Vermont [Mr. FLanpeErs], the Senator from New York | Mr. Ives], the Scnator from North Dakota [Mr. Lancer], the Senator from Coiorado (Myr. Minuixiy], the Senator from Massachusetts |Mr. SALTONSTALL], the Senator from Kansas |Mr. ScHOFP- pri], the Senator from Minnesota | Mr. Tuyel, the Senator from New Hamp- shire [Mr. Tosey!, and the Senator from North Dakota {[Mr. Younc! are absent by leave of the Senate. The Senator from Ohio I Mr. BrIcKER}, the Senator from Nebraska | Mr. BUTLER], the Senator from Washington IMr, Cain], the Senator from Indiana [Mr, JENNER], the Senator from Missouri [ Mr. Kem], the Senator from Massachusctts [Mr LopcE], the Senator from Nevada [Mr. Matonel, the Senator from Penn- sylvania [Mr. Martin], the Senator from Wisconsin | Mr. McCartuy], the Senator from Oregon {Mr. Morse], the Senator from South Dakota |Mr. Muwor], the Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITH], the Senator from Utah [Mr. WarTKIns], and the Senator from Wisconsin | Mr. WILEY] are absent on official business. The Senator from Maine [Mr. Brew- STER], the Senator from Ohio (Mr. Tart], and the Senator from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG! are necessarily absent. The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is present. LEAVE OF ABSENCE On request of Mr. WHERRY, and by unanimous consent, Mr. BRIDGES was ex- cused from attendance on sessions of the Senate beginning today and continuing through Tuesday, February 21. TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Senators may introduce bills and joint resolutions, pre- sent petitions and memorials, and sub- mit routine matters for the REcorp, with- out speeches and without debate. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION On request of Mr. Donnziu, and by unanimous consent, the Subcommittee on Immigration of .he Committee on the Judiciary was authorized to sit during the session of the Senate today. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following letters, which were referred as indicated: SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OF ALIENS— WITHDRAWAL OF NAMES Three letters from the Acting Attorney Gencral, withdrawing the names of Raymond Fred Manning or Raymond Frederick Leaford Manning or Raymond or Ray Frederick Man- ning, Albino Cancelo Torrado alias Albino Cancelo or Albino Torrado, and Christina Moumt2is Vlahukis, from reports relating to aliens whose deportation had been suspend- ed more than 6 months ago, transmitted to the Senate on June 15, 1949, and January 16, 1950, respectively; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Aupir REPorT OF FEDERAL SAvINGS AND LOAN INSURANCE CORPORATION A letter from the Comptroller General of the United States, transmilting, pursuant to law, an audit report of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, for the fis- cal year ended June 30, 1949 (with an accom- panying report), to the Committee on Ex- penditures in the Executive Departments. AUDIT REPORT OF RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES A letter from the Comptroller General of the United States, transmitting, pursuant to law, an audit report of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and Subsidiaries, for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1946 and 1947 (with an accompanying report); to the Com- mittee on Expenditures in the Executive De- partments, AMENDMENT OF WAR CLAIMS ACT OF 1948 A letter from the chairman of the War Claims Commission, transmitting a draft of proposed legislation to amend the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended (with an accompany- ing paper), to the Committee on the Judi- Clary. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Petitions, etc, were laid before the Senate, or presented, and referred as in- dicated: By the VICE PRESIDENT: A letter in the nature of a petition, signed by Grace DeStaffany, legislative chairman, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Auxiliary No 7655, Conrad, Mont., praying for the enactment of House bill 4617, to liberalize the require- ment for payment of pension in certain cases to veterans and their widows and children; to the Committee on Finance. A resolution adopted by Post No. 47, Veter- ans of Foreign Wars, of Uniontown, Pa, fa- voring the enactment of House bill 4617, to liberalize the requirement for payment of pension in certain cases to veterans and their widows and children; to the Committee on Finance. The petition of Will Miller, and sundry other citizens of Hardinsburg, Ky., relating to certain inventions of Mr. Miller; to the Committee on the Judiciary. The memorial of Mrs. Urn A. Coleson, of the United States, remonstrating against the enactment of legislation to readjust certain postal rates; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. A resolution adopted by Post 47, Veterans of Foreign Wars, of Uniontown, Pa., favoring the enactment of House bill 4567, to amend 1781 the Displaced Persons Act of 1948; ordered to lie on the table. A resolution of the Legislature of the State of Maine; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service: “To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: “We, your memorilalists, the senate and house of representatives of the State of Maine in the ninety-fourth legislative (special) session assembled, most respect- fully present and petition your honorable body as follows: “Whereas in view of the fact that there is being planned in the State of Maine, to be held on July 25, 1960, a celebration of national scope on the occasion of the two hundredth anniversary of the birth of Maj. Gen Henry Knox, friend of Washington; anc ‘Whereas Maj. Gen Henry Knox held the distinguished positions of head of the De- partment of Artillery in the American Revo- lution, 1776-83; Secretary of War in the National Government, 1785-94; New Eng- land's greatest single industrial promoter, 1795-1806; and proprietor of the Waldo Patent in Maine, and who built a beautiful home on the bank of the Georges River and lived in Thomaston: Now, therefore, be it “Resolved, That we, your memorialists, do hereby respectfully petition and urge the Members of Congress to give early recogni- tion to this great historic occasion with full approval and support of events of the year, and pray the Congress of the United States through our Senntors and Representatives to pass appropriate legislation authorizing the issue of a postage stamp showing the beautiful Montpelier with a portrait of Gen. Henry Knox, in recognition of these historic events of national importance; and, also to pass appropriate legislation to have a coin struck to mark the occasion of his eminent military, political and industrial service to our country; and be it further “Resolved, That a copy of this memorial, duly authenticated by the secretary of state, be immediately transmitted by the secre- tary of state, by registered mail, to the proper offices and committees of the United States Senate and House of Representatives, the President of the United States, and to each of the Representatives and Senators representing the State of Maine in the United States Congress. “In senate chamber, read and adopted. “CHestTeR T. WINSLOW, “Secretary “House of representatives, 1ead and adopted, February 7, 1950, in concurrence. “Harvey R. PEASE, “Clerk.” A telegram from the secretary of the senate of the State of Texas, embodying a resolution of the senate of the Legislature of the State of Texas; to the Committee on Finance: Austin, TEX., February 9, 1950. Hon. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Vice President of the United States: The Texas State Senate today unanimously adopted the following resolution: “Senate Resolution 24 “Whereas the Congress is considering a measure which would repeal or reduce the depletion allowance now made in connection with income taxes on producers of natural resources; and “Whereas the economy of the State of Texas to a great degree is tied up with the production of natural resources; and ‘Whereas these industries furnish a large portion of the revenue for the support of the Btate government, including its public-school February 7, 1950,
1782 system and its welfare and other programs; and “Whereas prospecting for new reserves Is & hazardous and expensive operation; and “Whereas the elimination or reduction of the present allowance for depletion would tend to create unemployment and would ce- riously cripple these Industries, and particu- larly the smaller units and independents who have been the backhone of these indus- tries; and further would seriously retard the search for and development of new sources of supply vitally necessary to this country particularly in case of war: Now, therefore, be it “Resolved by the Senate of Tcras, That the Congress of these United States be and is urged respectfully to defeat this attempt to eliminate or reduce the depletion allowance, and thereby to preserve the economy of the various States and assist in preparing this country to defend herself, if necessary; and be it further “Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be wired immediately to Hon. SAM RAYBURN, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to Hon. ALBEN W. BarKLey, Vice President of these United States, and that copies hereof be mailed to the Representatives and Sen- ators in Congress from the State of Texas.” Loyrce M. Bet, Secietary of the Senate. By Mr. TYDINGS: A letter in the nature of a petition, signed by J C. Darrell, secretary, Maryland Highway Users Conference, praying tor the enactment of legislation to repeal the Federal autos motive excise taxes; to the Committee on Finance A resolution adopted by the mayor and city council] of Havre de Grace, Md., favoring the enactment of legislation to provide funds for the dredging of Oakington Channel, Md.; to the Committee on Public Works. By Mr. GREEN: A resolution of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island; to the Committee on Armed Services: “Resolution memorializing Congress with relation to the amendment of the retire- ment requirements as they apply to soldiers, sailors, marines, and national guardsmen, so that those otherwise eligible for retirement after 20 years of service may receive the benefits for which they would be entitled without having reached the minimum age, therefor “Resolved, That the Senators and Repre- sentat'ves from Rhode Island be and they are hereby earnestly requested to seek an amendment of the retirement requirements as they apply to soldiers, sallors, marines, and national guardsmen, so that those other- wise eligible for rotirement after 20 years of service may receive the benefits for which they would be entitled without having reached the minimum age therefor; and be it further “Resolved, That the secretary of state be and he is hereby authorized and directed to transmit duly certified copies of this resolu- tion to the Scnators and Representatives from Rhode Island in the Congress of the United States.” RESOLUTIONS OF OLMSTED COUNTY (MINN.) FARM BUREAU Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I present for appropriate reference and ask unanimous consent to have printed in the REcorp several resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Olmsted County (Minn.) Farm Bureau at its annual meeting on December 10, 1949. There being no objection, the resolu- tions were referred to the Committee on CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed in the Recor», as follows: OLMSTED COUNTY FARM BUREAU RESOLUTIONS, ANNUAL MEETING ON DECEMBER 10, 1949 * e . * ° 2. Since conservation of soil and water are basic necessities for the survival of man- kind and since the security of future gen- erations js a responsibility of all of us through our Federal Government, we believe any Federal benefit payments made to agri- cuiture should be based on proper soil and water conservation practices. We also be- Meve the Soil Conservation Service should be maintained as an independent agency with sufficient Federal funds to carry on its pro- gram at a high state of efficiency, We urge that increased effort be made to further publicize the need for conservation education to the end that all people will realize that conserving soil and water is their universal concern. 3. We urge true freedom and justice for all regardless of creed or color and urge that we spend as much thought and money for the advancement of world peace, as we do for armaments and preparation for war. 4. We urge stricter control of Marshall- plan shipments sent to western Europe. Also urge an immediate ban on shipment of war materials and supplies to Russia or her satcl- lite states, for as long a time as the cold war may exist. 6. Because of the efforts made in the Com- munist Party to entangle us in foreign affairs and to support Communist nations, we urge that our Congressmen withhold their recog- nition of the newly set-up Communist form of government. 6. Resolved, That we urge our Farm Bu- reau organization to work for greater econ- omy in our local, State, and National Governments. 7. We urge consideration be given to every economy in cur National Government along the lines proposed by the Hoover Commission. 8 We urge further investigation of spread between what farmer receives for his poultry products and other farm products and the retail price the consumer pays. 9. Whereas farm prices have been going down for the past year; and Whereas the flexible support plan has pro- vided little or no floor price support; and Whereas minimum farm commodity prices have dropped approximately 38 percent and manufactured articles have not dropped in accordance: Now, br it Resolved, That the next Congress enact a new parity price-support system including all agriculture products so as to maintain a normal farm-purchasing power; be it further Resolved, That the administrative author- ity be given the farmers insofar as feasibility and practicability will warrant. e e s a e 21. Whereas the farmers receive approxi- mately two-fifths of their income from dairy products in the Btate of Minnesota; and Whereas the Federal Government is con- sidering reducing the tax on oleomargarine as well as cutting the restrictions relative to coloring it, to appear and look like butter; and Whereas unscrupulous people and busi- ness firms will no doubt sell oleomargarine in substitution for butter; and Whereas we deem and feel this practice je unfair competition: Now, be it Resolved, That the Olmsted County Farm Bureau go on record in opposition to reduced taxes and changing the natural color of Oleomargarine; be it further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to all officials representing Minnesota in Congress. Fepruary 14 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The following reports of committees were submitted : By Mr. O’MAHONEY, from the Committee on Interlor and Insular Affairs: 8.3001. A bill to expedite the rehabilita- tion of Federal reclamation projects in cer- tain cases; with an amendment (Rept. No. 1272); and H.R. 3160. A bill to revise and repeal cer- tain acts relating to rules of survey to per- mit departures from the system of rectangu- lar survey when necessary on all public lands, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 1271). By Mr. HUNT, from the Committee on Armed Services: 8. 2859. A bill to authorize the Secretary of Defense and the secretaries of the military departments to provide for the promotion and maintenance of civilian recreation pro- grams; with amendments (Rept. No. 1273). RELIEF OF PALESTINE REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST—REPORT OF FOREIGN RE- LATIONS COMMITTEE Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, I report an original joint resolution pro- viding relief for Palestine refugees in the Near East, and I submit a report (No. 1275) thereon. The VICE PRESIDENT. The report will be received, and the joint resolution will be placed on the calendar. The joint resolution (S. J. Res. 153) for the authorization by the United States to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, was read twice by its title and placed on the calendar. AMENDMENT OF DISPLACED PERSONS ACT—MINORITY AND SEPARATE VIEWS (PT. 2 of REPT. NO. 1237) Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, on be- half of myself, the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. GraHam], and the Senator from Michigan [Mr. Frercuson] I sub- mit minority views on the bill (H. R. 4567) to amend the Displaced Persons Act of 1948, together with separate views of the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. Keravver], the Senator from Washing- ton [Mr. Macnuson], the Senator from Maryland [Mr. O’Conor], and the Sena- tor from Wisconsin [Mr. Witey]. I ask that they be printed. The VICE PRESIDENT. The views will be received and printed, as requested by the Senator from West Virginia. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS—RE- PORT OF A COMMITTEE (8. REPT. NO. 1274) Mr, O’CONOR. Mr. President, on be- half of the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments, I submit @ report prepared by the Subcommittee on Relations with International Organ- izations, dealing with the administrative, budgetary, and fiscal aspects of United States participation in international or- ganizations during fiscal year 1949, The VICE PRESIDENT. The report will be received and printed.
1950 ADDITIONAL REPORT OF JOINT COM- MITTEE ON REDUCTION OF NONESSEN- TIAL FEDERAL EXPENDITURES—CIVIL- IAN EMPLOYMENT IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, as chair- man of the Joint Committee on Reduc- tion of Nonessential Federal Expendi- tures, I submit an additional report on civilian employment in the executive branch of the Federal Government for the month of December 1949, and, in accordance with the practice of several years’ standing, I ask unanimous consent that it be printed in the body of the Recorp as a part of my remarks, together with a statement by me. There being no objection, the report and statement submitted by Mr. Byrp Agency 0) 1, Avencies exelusive of National Military Estublshment 2 N ational Military Establishment ......-.--------------- Within the National Military Establishment: Ollice of Secretaty of Defense. Department of the Army __... Devartment of the Alt Force. Department of the Navy..-..........------------- Table I breaks down the above figures on employment and pay by agency. Tables II, III, and IV break down the above employment figures to show the num- ber inside continental United States, oute side continental United States, and the num- ber in the so-called industrial categories, This further break-down in tables II, III, and IV does not include pay figures because pay-roll reports submitted to the commit- tee by some agencies are inadequate for this purpose. INSIDE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES (See table II) Federal personnel within the United States decreased 3,307 from the November total of 1,832,143 to the December total of 1,828,836. Exclusive of the National Military Estab- lshment there was an increase of 3,023 from the November total of 1,160,163 to the De- cember total of 1,163,186. Total civilian employment within the United States for the National Military Establishment for December was 665,650, a decrease of 6,330 under the November total of 671,980. The Office of the Secretary of Defense de- creased its personnel 3 from the November total of 1,716 to the December total of 1,713, The Department of the Army civilian per- sonnel within the United States decreased 8,209 from the November figure of 277,437 to the December figure of 274,228. The Department of the Air Force civilian personnel within the United States in- creased 143 from the November figure of 126,549 to the December figure of 126,692. The Department of the Navy civilian per- sonnel within the United States decreased 3,261 from the November figure of 266,278 tc the December figure of 263,017. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: FEDERAL PERSONNEL IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH, NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1949, AND Pay, OcrTo- BER-NOVEMBER 1949 NOTE WITH REFERENCE TO PERSONAL SERVICE EXPENDITURE FIGURES It should be noted that the latest expend!- ture figures for personal service shown in table I of this report are for the month of November, and that they are compared with personal service expenditure figures for the month of October, whereas the latest em- ployment figures covered in this report are for the month of December and are compared with the month of November. This lag in personal service expenditure figures is neces- sary in order that actual expenditures may be reported. Civilian personnel in executive branch 1783 (Figures in the following report are come plled from signed official personnel reports by the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government. Table I shows total personnel employed inside and outside continental United States, and pay, by agency. Table II shows personnel employed inside continental United States. Table III shows personnel employed outside conti- nental United Stutes. Table IV gives, by agency, the industrial workers employed by the Federal Government. For purposes of comparison, figures for the previous month are shown in adjoining columns ) PERSONNEL AND PAY SUMMARY (See table I) Aocording to monthly personnel reports for December 1949 submitted to the Joint Com- mittee on Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures: Pay roll (in thousands of dollars) in executive OUTSIDE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES (See table IIT) Outside continental United States, Fed- eral personne] decreased 1,496 from the No- vember total of 153,816 to the December total of 152,320, An increase of 1,420 was reported by the departments and agencies other than the National Military Establishment from the November total of 57,134 to the December total of 58,554. Total civilian employment outside con- tinental United States for the National Mil- itary Establishment decreased 2,916 trom the November total of 96,682 to the December figure of 93,766. The Office of the Secretary of Defense re- ported an increase of 3 in its staff overseas. The Department of the Army reported a decrease in overseas civilian employment of 1,236 from the November figure of 43,558 to the December figure of 42,322. The Department of the Air Force reported a decrease in overseas civilian employment of 1,050 from the November figure of 25,101 to the December figure of 24,051. The Department of the Navy reported a decrease in overseas civilian employment of 633 from the November figure of 28,018 to the December figure of 27,385. INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT (See table IV) Total industrial employment during the month of December decreased 3,208 from the November figure of 471,557 to the December figure of 468,349. Industrial employment in departments and agencies other than the National Mili- tary Establishment increased 3,353 from the November figure of 20,133 to the December figure of 23,486. The National Military Establishment de- creased its total industriul employment 6,561 branch — In December | In November | Inereaso (-+) or | In November In October | Incrense (+) or numbered numbered dectease (—) was— decrease (—) eeeneeneceenseeeee 1, 081, 186 1, 985, 959 4, 803 $650, 464 $528 + $22, 081 veceeecseeeceeeeees ~Y, 22, 740 1, 217, 207 +4, 443 334, 0 314, 512 +20, 398 wenn nec e nee ee ne eee TSM, 416 708, 662 —, 216 215, 554 213, R71 +1, G83 1, 721 1721 |e... eee - 624 611 +13 816, 550 320, 995 = 4, 445 84,714 Rd, OXY =—1, 275 150, 743 151, 650 —H7 42, O97 41, 816 +281 200), 402 204, 206 —3, 804 8u, 119 86, 455 +2, 064 from the November figure of 451,424 to the December figure of 444,863. The Department of the Army reported a decrease of 3,318 from the November figure of 169,014 to the December figure of 166,596. Inside continental United States Army in- dustrial employment decreased 2,501 while outside continental United States there was a@ decrease of 817. The Department of the Air Force reported a decrease of 951 industrial employees from the November figure of 89,251 to the Decem- ber figure of 88,300. Inside continental United States Air Force industrial employ- ment decreased 22 and outside continental United States there was a decrease of 929. The Department of the Navy decreased its industrial employment 2,292 from the No- vember total of 192,259 to the December total of 189,967. Inside continental United States Navy industrial employment decreased 1,863 while outside continental United States there was a decrease of 429. The term “industrial employees,” as used by the committee, refers to unskilled, semi- skilled, skilled, and supervisory employees paid by the Federal Government who are working on construction projects such as air- fields and roads, and in shipyards and ar- senals, It does not include maintenance and custodial employees. AVERAGE FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT IN EXECUTIVE BRANCH, FISCAL YEARS 1939, 1948, AND FIRST HALF OF 1950 WITH COMPARISONS Table V shows average Federal employ- ment in the executive branch, fiscal years 1939, 1948, and first half of 1950 with com- parisons. Comparisons broken to show civilian employment in Post Office Depart- ment, National Military Establishment, Vect- erans’' Administration, and other agencies. Year 1939 was selected as the peak year prior to the prewar emergency. Year 1948 was selected because Federal employment in the executive branch in this yeur reached Its postwar low.
1784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE FEBRUARY 14 Tante I.—Consolidated table of Federal personnel inside and outstde continental United States employed by the executive agencies during December 1949, and comparison with November 1949; and pay for November 1949 and comparison with October 1949 Pay (in thousands of dollars) Personnel Agency October | November} Increase { Decrease | November —_——— Executive departments (except National Military Establishment) Agriculture $19, 990 $20, 826 75,236 | = 74, 288 |... Commerce. 14,179 15, 028 47,575 | 46, 206 |... nterjor.. 15, 438 17, 220 51, 155 ustice. 9, 102 9, 598 26,376} = -26, 809 J... Labor... 1, 585 1, 763 5,109 Post Office. 125, 164 181, 577 533, 079 Btate.__. 6, 216 6, 824 22, 1:20 Treasury . 25, 709 27, 399 85, 441 Executive Office of the President: White House Office 95 114 Bureau of the Budget... .------.- 235 257 Executive Mansion and Grounds 15 17 National Security Council !.. ..- 8 9 7 National Security Resources Board 140 182 285 Couneil of Economic Advisers. .._... - 22 31 36 Commission on Renovation of the Exect 2 2 5 Postwar agencies. Displaced Persons Commission 102 259 Economie Cooperation Admunistration 1, 231 4, 134 Motor Carrier Claims Commission. - 2 7 Office of the Housing Expediter.._... 1, 629 1, 640 11 |... 4,306) = 4,291 Jose Philippine Alien Property Administration. 16 81 Philippine War Damage Commission. . 225 1,078) = 1,044 Jove War Claims Commission il 46 Independent agencies American attle Monuments Commission... 2B 228 Atomic Energy Commission....... 1, 660 4,819 Civil Aeronautics Board ..... 254 650 Civil Service Commission......---- 1,104 8, 693 Export-tmport sank of Washington. 60 6) 125 Joelle Foderal Communications Commission. 488 1, 823 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation __ 371 1, 091 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. 7 344 Federal Power Commission. . 206 760 Federal Security Agency 3.2. 9, 076 34, 583 Federal ‘Trade Commigsion.. 268 640 Goneral Accounting Office. ___.-. 2, 655 8, 646 General Services Administration. 6, 327 238, 980 Government Printing Othee.....-. 2, 206 7, 002 Housing and Home Finance Agency. 3, 650 Ni, 887 Indian Claims Cammisoslon...----- 6 11 Interstate Commerce Commission. 772 2, 163 Maritime Commission 3 1,676 5, 589 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics... 2,219 7,414 National Capital Housing Authority......00 ..-.- 7 316 Nuttonal Capital Park and Planning Commussion 7 20 National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission._. 2 11 National Gallery of Art... ... -. 77 320 National Labor Relations Board. 621 1, 605 National Mediation Board... 48 Wt Pauama Canal_..-.-_..--.. 8, 441 21, 276 Railroad Retirement Board 708 2, 450 Reconstruction Finance Corp 1,712 4, 441 Becurities and Exchange Commission... 426 1, 052 Selective Service System.......-. 452 8, 502 Smithsonian Institution. 159 4549 Tariff Commission. ..-..-.----- 95 221 Tax Court of the United States 57 130 Tennessee Valley Authority... 3, 765 13, 068 Veterans’ Adininistration 48, 447 195, 899 Total, excluding National Military Establishment _._ 814, 512 334, 910 20, 837 430 | 1,217, 207 Net inercase excluding National Military Establishment National Military Establishment: Office of the Secretary of Defense... ... eee ene ee eee een eens oll 624 Department of the Army: 1,721 Inside continental United States. 73, 458 72,152 277, 437 274, 228 Outside continental United States... 11, 631 11, 62 43, 558 42, 322 Department of the Air Force Inside continental United States__. 36, 947 37, 293 126, 540 126, 692 Outside continental United States. 4, 869 4, 804 25,101 24, 051 Depart ment of the Navy Inside continental United States 70,917 82, 046 266, 278 203, 017 Outside continental United States... 6, 538 7, 073 28, 018 27, 385 Total, National Military Establishment 213, 871 215, 554 Net change, National Military Establishment [ es | ce | ee | oe Grand total, including National Military Fstablishment ........ 528, 383 550, 464 23, 891 1,810 Net change, including National Military Establishment. ........f..0...8. on eeenweneee 22, 081 768, 662 759, 416 1 Exclusive of personnel and pay of the Central Intelligenos Agency. § Includes personnel and pay for Howard University and the Columbia Institute for the Deaf, § Exclusive of 135 seamen ant 2,463 seamen trainees on the rolls of the Maritime Commission and their pay. § Revised on basis of later information, Tasix I1.—Federal personnel inside continental United States employed by executive agencies during December 1949 and comparison with November 1949 Novem- | Decem- In- ber ber ciease | crease Novem- | Decem- In- ber ber crease | orease Department or agency Department or agency Executive departments (excopt National Mil- Executive departments (except. National Mill- itary Establishiuent); ; rert vont ° tary Establishment)—Continucd Agriculture... 0 eee eee een ene cee e ene n ee 72, B54 71, 615 1,039 Labor. __... 5, 022 6, 256 Commerce. 43,624} 42,270 1, 354 Post Offic 831, 217 | 533, 8&9 Interior. 45,400 | 48,487 | 3,437 [0 - State... 8, 363 8, 38) Justice. . 25, 883 25, 834 bY Treasury $4, 721 85, 041
1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE 1785 Tas_x II.—Federgl personnel inside continental United States employed by executive agencies during December 1949 and comparison with November 1949—Continued Novem- In- De- Department or agency Department or agency ber crease | crease Executive Office of the President: Independent agencles—Continued White House Oflice__._..2.2..2....-eeennee ational Capital Park and Planning Com- Bureau of the Budget mission... -----2--- eee eee eee nena e eee 20 Executive Mansion and Groun National Capital Sesquicentennial Com- National Security Council t__.__- mission —__.------- - ll National Security Resources Board. National Gallory of Art....--- 320 Counell of Economic Advisers Nationnl Labor Relations Bou 1,691 Commission on Renovation of the Execu-— National Mediation Board... 111 tive Mansion... .....-.---- 2 eee ee ee ee Panama Canal... ..------..- G34 Postwar agencies: Railroad Retirement Board. .-_. 2, 459 Displaced Persons Commission_._.-.-----.- Reconstruction Finance Corporatton. 4, 428 Economie Cooperation Administration. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1, 052 Motor Carricr Claims Commission Selective Service System_...---- 3,417 Office of the Housing Expoditer. ......._--- Smithsonian Institatlor 4545 Philippino Alien Property. Administration. Tariff Commission... ......---. 221 Philippime War Damage Commission Tax Court of the United States 130 War Claims Commission Tennessee Valley Authority. 13, 068 Independent agencies: Veterans’ Administration——...-- 194, 257 | 193, 900 857 merican Battle Monuments Commission. 1 es 1 oe Atomic Energy Commussion... neon ewes Total, exclusive of National Military Civil Acronautics Board... 631 Establishment. -----..---. 0-2. ------ 1, 160, 163 |1, 163, 186 | 7, 060 4, 037 Civil Service Commission... .- 3, ORS Net inerense, excluding National Military Export-Import Bank of Washington__ 124 Establishment. -...--.----------------- : Fedoral Communications Commission... 1, 202 2 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 1,001 National Military Establishment “aderal Mediation and Conciliation Service. B44 Office of the Secretary of Defense.....2.22-. 1,716 1,713 ]...2 22. 3 Federal Power Commission. -. 760 Depurtinent of the Army ....-. 277,437 | 274,228 j....-. . 8, 209 Foderal Security Agency 2... 33, 807 Department of the Air Foroa 126, 549 | = 126, 692 143 |.....- . Fodoral Trade Commission 640 Department of the Navy. 266,278 | 264,017 {-.------ 8, 261 General Accounting Offie &, 646 | OOOO General Services Admini 23, B52 Total, National Military Establishment--| 671,980 | 665, 050 143 6, 473 Government Printing Office... -.- 7, 002 Not docrense, National Military Estab- Housing and Home Finance Agency 11, 843 lishment Indian Claims Commission —..... 11 Tnterstute Commerce Commission 2, 163 Grand total, including National Military Maritime Commission 3_._....---.---------- 5, 572 Establishment_..... ....-.--..-----.-- 1, 832, 143 }1, 828, 836 7. 203 10, 510 National Advisory Committee for Aecro- Net decrease, including National Military nautles ..2222.-.---- anne nee 7,413 Establishment. ~.22----2-. 22-22-22 - =| e eee eee] eee ewe e ee 8,307 National Capital Housing “Authorily....--- 316 1 Kxelusive of personne! of the Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Includes personnel for Howard University and the Columbia Institute for the Doaf. 3 Eaclusive of 185 seamen and 2,463 seamen trainees on the rolls of the Maritime Commission, 4 Revised on basis of later information TasLE III.—Federal personnel outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during December 1949 and comparison with November 1949 . Novem- | Decem- Tn- De- \ . Novem- | Decom- In- De- Department or agency ber ber Crease | Crease Dopartment or agency bor ber crease | crease Executive departments (exeept National Mih- Independent agancies— Continued tarv Establishment) National Labor Relations Bosrd.-........- 14 Agriculture _-._. 2, 582 2, 668 Panama Canal__...-----2--.. 20, O42 Commerce 3,951 3, 9386 Reconstruction Finance Corporatior 13 Intenior. 5, 705 5, O13 Selective Service System... --.- 85 dustice 483 475 Smithsonian Institution. 4 Labor-.- x7 &6 Veterans’ Administration 1, 642 Post Ofiiee. 1,862 1,856}. State _ _. 13, 757 18, 254 Total, excluding National Military Es- ‘Treasury TAY 721 tablishment. .....----.----- - oes 57, 134 Post war agencies Net increase, excluding National Mih- Displaced Persons Commission 174 170 | 22... 4 tary Fstablishment...._. Economie Cooperation Administration_ 3,112 8,176 64 | ete ee Office of the Housing Expediter 25 24 - 1 National Military Establishment: Philippine Alien Property Administration 79 70 Office of the Secretary of Defense... : fi) 8 3 ].--.- Pluhppme War Damage Commission .__- 1,070 1, 038 Department of the Army-...-... 48, 558 42, 322 1, 236 Independeut agencies | Department of the Air Foree 25, 101 24, 051 1, 050 merican Battle Monuments Commission 212 357 148 |... Department of the Navy 2k, O18 27, 385 |. 6335 Atomic Energy Commission... 3 2 ee | a ne | nn | eee Civil Acronanties Board... 19 Total, National Military Establishment... 06, 682 93, 766 8 2, 919 Civil Service Commission. i Net decrease, National Military Estub- Export-Import Bank of Washington. - 2 TO es hs i 2, 916 Federal Communications Commisstor 31 SS + | | oes | Federal Securit y Agency ..--. 776 (rand total, including National Military General Servieos Administrats - 17 Kstablishment_. we eee nee 153, 816 152, 320 1, 910 3, 406 Housing and Home Finance Agen 44 Net decrease, including National Mill. Maritine Commission .......--- 17 tary Establishment 1, 496 National Advisory Committee for tauties...--.-..-- TaBLe IV.—Industrial employees of the Federal Government inside and outside continental United States employed by executive agencies during December 1949 and comparison with November 1949 Novem- In- De- Novem- | Decom- De- Department or agency ber crease | crease Department or agoncy ber ber Executive departments (except National Mili- National Military Establishment: tary Extablishment): Department of the Army: Commerce... 1, 222 28 Inside continental United States.-_.... 144,757 | 142, 256 2, 601 Interior. .-. - 6, 430 - 500 Outside continental United States... ... 25, 157 24,340 817 BStnte. .. 333 { = 669 | 28H |e Department of the Air Force, Troasury..-2.. . 2.20.5 4,275) 8,077} 3,802 |-------. Inside continental United States......- 70, 252 70, 230 22 Independent agencles Outside continental United Statos...... 18, 900 18, 070 92 Atomic Energy Commission. _....-...-.-.- 136{ 188; 2f........ Department of the Navy General Services Administration - - 39] 42] 3]... Inside continental United States. ....-.---- 172, 321 | 170, 458 1, 863 Housing and Home Finance Agency. - 14 2 Outside continental United States... 19, 938 19, 509 |.. 420 Panama Canal..... ..--------.---- — 1,776 6 | a | Smithsonian Institution... - 6 1 Total, National Military Establish- Tennessee Valley Authority. 6, 793 183 mont.... 2.22. eee ee wee eee eee 461,424 | 444, 863 |....---. 6, 561 Net decrease, National Military Es- Total, excluding National Military Estab tablishmont..-..--.--.--.--.------- - -- lshment___--..-----2---2----- 2. eee ee 20, 133 690 Net increase, excluding National Military Grand total, including National Mill- Establishment......... eannee eceeee ee neq esennenes[epee---e=- Establishment.........----..--| 471,657 | 468,349 | 4,043 7,261 = Na ecrease, including National Mil- itary Establishinent.........-.....-|--.-------|-----e-0-- 3,208
1786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE FEBRUARY 14 TasLe V.—Average Federal employment in executive branch, fiscal sears 1939, 1948, and first half of 1950, with comparisons — broken to show ctvilian employment in Post Office Department, National Military Establishment, Veterans’ Administration, and other agencies Agency Post OMlee Department — _. National Miltary Establishinent Veterans’ Administration ~.-- Other agencies. ._...-.-------- 22 eee ee ne ee eee eee 11930 was the year of peak Federal employment prior to the prewnr emergency, 1448 wes the year Federal employment reached a postwar low ?Tricr to insuguration of commilfee reports, therefore, fpures are from adjusted Civil Service Conv itsion rey ofte Average employment, by fiscal years Increases or decreases in average employmont 1 Figures are from former committee reperts revised and corrected to date STATEMENT BY SENATOR BYRD, CHAIRMAN, JOINT COMMITTEE ON REDUCTION OF NON- ESSENTIAL FEDERAL EXPENDITURES, IN CON- NECTION WITH THE MONTHLY REPORT ON FEDERAL PERSONNEL AND Pay, NOVEMBER- DEcEMBER 1949 Federal employment in civilian agencies of the executive branch turned sharply upward during December with over-all in- crenses averaging more than 143 a day, but eivillay employment by the Military Estab- lishment maintained its downward trend for the sixth consecutive month in the current fiscal year. An increase of 4,443 in civilian agency per- sonnel during December offset by nearly 50 percent, a decrease of 9,246 in civilian em- ployment by the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The net decrease of 4,803 in the executive branch as a whole brought total employ- ment down to 1,981,156, which, again in December, was a new low since 1942. These figures were revealed today by the Joint Committee on Reduction on Nonessen- tial Federal Expenditures in its compilation of December personnel reports by executive branch agencies. MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT December reductions in civilian employ- ment by the Military Establishment brought total separations during the 4 months since the Johnson retrenchment order to 99,370. For the first 6 months of the current fiscal year total employment in the Military Estab- lishment has been reduced by 125,312, from 684,728 lact June to 759,416 in Decomber. CIVILIAN AGENCIES Average employment in the civilian agen- cles (exclusive of the Military Establishment) as a whole came down during the first 5 months of the fiscal year but the relatively small reduction included seasonal declines in agencies such as Agriculture and Interior which are heaviest in the autumn months. With a 4,500 increase in December civilian agencies fluished off the first half of the year in December with over-all employment totaling 1,221,740, only 7,965 less than when the year started July 1. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Such reductions as were made tn other civilian agencies of the Government were largely nullified by the steady addition of permanent employees in the Post Office Department. Exclusive of the Post Office Department employment, civilian agencies in the execu- tive branch decreased 26,172 in the first 6 months of the current fiscal year. In the same period employment by the post office increased 18,207, The records show that post-office employ- ment has increased without interruption for ten consecutive months. In the 10-month period ending in December the number of post-office emplovees increased 28,315, trom 607,430 last February to 535,743 in December, A special table in the committee report shows that the Post Office Department aver- age employment went up 12 percent in the period between 1948 and the first half of the current year, while the Military Establish- ment, Veterans’ Administration, and other agencies in the executive branch, exclusive of the Post Office Denartment, reported de- creases in the average employment. In the decade since 1939 average employ- ment by the Post Office Department has in- creased by more than a quarter of a million, from a 1939 average of 297,191 to an average over the past 6 months of 529,735, an increase of 78 percent. ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED The Secretary of the Senate reported that on today, February 14, 1950, he pre- sented to the President of the United States the following enrolled bills: 8.485 An act for the relief of Joyce Violet Angel; S 1604. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico to hear, determine, and render Judgment upon .the claim of F, DuWayne Blankley; S. 2319. An act to provide economic assist- ance to certain areas of the Far East; and S. 2681. An act to authorize the attendance of the United States Marine Band at a cele- bration commemorating the one hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, to be held at Lex- ington and Concord, Mass, April 16 through 19, inclusive, 1950 EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED As in executive session, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting several nominations, which were referred to the appropriate committees. (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate proceedings.) EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A.COMMITTEE As in executive session, The following favorable report of a nomination was submitted: By Mr. CHAVEZ, from the Committee on Public Works: Brig. Gen. Don G. Shingler (colonel, Corps of Engineers) to be a member of the Missis- sippi River Commission, under the provi- sions of law, vice Col. Clark Kittrell. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION INTRO- DUCED Bills and joint resolution were intro- duced, read the first time, and, by unani- mous consent, the second time, and re- ferred as follows: By Mr. WHERRY: 8.3021. A bill for the relfef of Rai Baha- dursingh; and 1939-48 1939-50 1948-50 1039 1948 3 1050? _ Numbor | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent 297,191 472, 972 629,735 | +175, 781 +50 +232, 544 +78 +56, 763 +12 179, 808 844, 583 $13, 028 +4, 685 +360 +633, 130 +352 ~—31, 555 —4 36, 278 201, 190 195,815 | +164, 912 +455 | 4150, 587 +440 —5, 3875 -3 aeeeeneeee 369, 425 506, 403 498, 754 +136, 978 +37 +120, 329 +35 —7, 649 ~-1 woeeen--e- 882,792 | 2,025,148 | 2, 037, 332 |+-1, 142, 356 +129 |+1, 154, 440 +131 +12, 184 +1 8.3022 A bill for the relief of Sadie I Por- ter and her two children, to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. GEORGE: 8.3023. A bill to revise requirement for award of additional disability compensation to veterans who have dependents; S 3024. A bill to increase disability pen- sion rates of veterans of World Wars I and TI; and § 3025. A bill to adjust death pension rates of widows and children of deceased veterans of World Wars I and II; to the Com- mittee on Finance. By Mr. CHAVEZ: 8 3026. A bill authorizing the naturaliza- tion of Jesus Juan Lianderal; to the Com- mittee on the Judiciary. 8.3027 (by request). A bill to authorize acquisition by the Administrator of Gen- eral Services of certain land and the im- provements thereon in the District of Co- lumbia; to the Committee on Public Works. By Mr. FULBRIGHT: S 3028 A bill for the relNef of John H. Parker, to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. ECTON: S 3029 A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Mr. Wilbur J. Scott; to the Committee on In- terior and Insular Affairs. By Mr. DOUGLAS: 8.3030. A bill for the relief of Bozidar Steve Jelisavcic; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary By Mr. McMAHON: S 3031. A bill for the relief of Sisters Linda Salerno, Luigiana C. Cairo, Antoinette Im- pieri, Anna Impteri, Rosina Scarlato, Iolanda Gaglianone, Maria Assunta Scaramuzzo, Francescaina Conterucct, and Filomena Lu- pinacci; to the Committee on the Judictlary, By Mr. LEHMAN: 8.3082. A bill for the rellef of Jan W. Raykowski and his wife, Jozefa; and S. 3033. A bill for the relief of Nissim Sa- lim Tawil; to the Committee on the Judi- clary. By Mr. O’'CONOR: 8.3034. A bill to provide for a 10-year statute of Mmitations for certain offenses against the United States respecting defense information; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. (Mr. CONNALLY, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, reported an original joint resolution (S. J. Res, 153) for the authori- gation of a contribution by the United States to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, which was placed on the calendar, and appears under a separate heading.) AMENDMENT OF DISPLACED PERSONS ACT—AMENDMENT Mr. KILGORE (for himself, Mr. GraHam, and Mr. Frercuson), submitted an amendment in the nature of a substi- tute, intended to be proposed by them,
1950 Jointly, to the bill (H. R. 4567) to amend the Displaced Persons Act of 1948, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. PRINTING OF REVIEW OF REPORT ON UMPQUA HARBOR AND RIVER, OREG. (S DOC. NO, 133) Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I pre- sent a letter from the Secretary of the Army, transmitting a report dated Sep- tember 28, 1949, from the Chief of Engi- neers, United States Army, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, on a review of report on the Umpqua Harbor and River, Oreg., with particu- lar reference to providing improvements at and in the vicinity of the confluence of the Scholfield River and the Umpqua River, and I ask unanimous consent that it may be printed as a Senate document, with an illustration, and referred to the Committee on Public Works. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request of the Senator from New Mexico? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. PRINTING OF REVIEW OF REPORT ON LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER AND TRIBU- TARIES, MARMARTH, N. DAK. (8. DOC. NO. 134) Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I pre- sent a letter from the Secretary of the Army, transmitting a report dated Octo- ber 4, 1949, from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, together with ac- companying papers and illustrations, on the Little Missouri River and tributaries at Marmarth, N. Dak., to determine the advisability of combining the interests of flood control and of irrigation in a program at this time, requested by a resolution of the Committee on Com- merce, United States Senate, adopted October 25, 1937, and I ask unanimous consent that it may be referred to the Committee on Public Works and be print- ed as a Senate document, with illustra- tions. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request of the Senator from New Mexico? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. SERVICEMEN’S EDUCATIONAL AND TRAIN- ING PROGRAM—MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 466) The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following message from the President of the United States, which was read, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare: To the Congress of the United States: In the budget message for 1951, I stated that there is some question whether some of the training being re- ceived by veterans under the Service- men’s Readjustment Act is conforming to the original sound objectives of the law. I also said that I had asked the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to study this situation thoroughly and to recommend to me any corrective measures, administrative or legislative, which should be taken to assure that our expenditures for this program yield CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE @ proper return both to the veterans and to the Nation as a whole. The contribution which the Service- men’s Readjustment Act has made to the postwar development of the Nation’s most important resource—its young men and women—is very great. It is now approximately 4 years after general demobilization. During these 4 years the overwhelming proportion of all vet- erans have completed their readjustment or moved far in that direction. For the great majority of those who have made use of the education and training pro- visions of the Servicemen’s Readjust- ment Act, the law has been of real and lasting service. A great deal of fine edu- cation and training has been provided. The Nation will be better prepared to face the difficult problems of the future because of the improved education and skills provided to millions of its worthy and capable young men and women. Because the law has contributed effec- tively to the successful transition of so many veterans, I am confident that vet- erans and nonveterans alike will wish to see that the record of the Service- men’s Readjustment Act shall not be blemished by the belated growth of cer- tain kinds of trade and vocational train- ing which do not contribute materially to the prompt and constructive read- justment of veterans. It was this con- viction which led me to ask for a careful study of this aspect of the veterans’ training program. The Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget have now reported tome. Their report makes it clear that the recent rapid increase in trade and vocational training has included training of less than acceptable quality. In a number of cases, veterans have not received in- struction which meets reasonable stand- ards. In a-good many instances veter- ans have been trained for occupations for which they are not suited or for oc- cupations in which they will be unable to find jobs when they finish their training. It seems evident that each time a course of trade and vocational training does not contribute in a substantial way to the occupational readjustment of a veteran, it constitutes a failure of that portion of the program. Such failure is costly to the veteran, to his family, and to the Nation. While nothing that we may do can entirely eliminate such failures, I feel that steps can and should be taken to give greater assurance that every trade and vocational course under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act will provide good-quality training and will in each instance help a veteran to com- plete his occupational readjustment and find satisfactory employment. The report of the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs and the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, which I transmit herewith, contains recommendations to achieve this purpose. I commend the report to the Congress. In the interest of veterans as individuals and in the in- terest of the Nation, I urge that the Con- gress take suitable action, as it has done previously with respect to other types of training, to assure that all trade and 1787 vocational training conforms with the original sound intent of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. Harry S. TRUMAN. THE Wuite House, February 13, 1950. DEATH OF HOWARD DOBSON OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS BUREAU, WASH- INGTON, D C. Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. President, on Saturday I read in the newspapers that Howard Dobson, a former Iowa man and a reporter for the Associated Press Bureau in Washington, D. C., had died of cancer here after being hospitalized since last Christmas. Mr. Dobson was born in Lake City, Iowa, and educated in our public schools, as well as in the public schools and Uni- versity of Nebraska. Later he received his first newspaper experience on the Sioux City Journal, in my home State of Iowa. Fora time he also worked for the Des Moines Register and Tribune. In 1943 he came to Washington, D. C., to write for the Associated Press Bureau, and covered the regional news for Iowa, Nebraska, and several other Midwestern States. I became well acquainted with Howard Dobson in Des Moines and during my service in the United States Senate. I also had opportunity to observe the qual- ity of his work as correspondent for the Associated Press. Others have already praised his gentleness and his great patience, but I can testify to his unceas- ing efforts to attain an objective view- point in his work, which was the report- ing of events in the Nation’s Capital for readers thousands of miles away. He was fair and accurate. By his faithful adherence to these ideals, he was a great credit to the journalistic profession, which he served so well. A young man, Howard Dobson was devoted to his pro- fession, and possessed rare ability. The honors which he received from his fellow workers of the Capitol press corps attest to the respect which he merited also from others members of the press, He will be greatly missed in the press galleries of Congress. I extend my sincere sympathy to his family and his loved ones in the passing of an extremely able man. THE STATE OF THE UNION AND THE 1951 BUDGET—STATEMENTS BY SENATOR HUMPHREY Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on Tuesday, February 7, in reply to the re- marks of the senior Senator from the State of Indiana [Mr. Carenarr], I dis- cussed the subject of the President’s budget for the fiscal year 1951, and made reference to the general economic out- look for the year 1950. It was my contention, in my reply, that the Fair Deal program is thoroughly con- sistent with the legitimate aims of a free economy. Furthermore, I stated at that time that the legislative proposals of the New Deal and Fair Deal have in fact ex- panded the area of economic opportunity for the American people and make more secure their political liberties. It had been my intention during the course of my remarks to request inclu- sion in the Recorp of a statement which
1788 I had prepared some time ago pertaining to the general economic situation and its relationship to the Fair Deal program. L:kewise, I had intended to include in the body of my remarks a statement which I have prepared analyzing the budect for 1951. Therefore, Mr. President, I ask unani- mous consent at this time to have in- serted in the body of the Recorp, follow- ing my remarks, the afore-mentioned statement on the economic outlook and the analysis of the budget for the fiscal year 1951. There being no objection, the state- ment and analysis were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Tre STATE OF THE UNION The report here in Washington is: “The state of the Union is good.” So said our President in his annual state of the Union meserge to the Congress. The President’s conclusion as to the state of the Union was well documented by facts and figures. Even more convincing are the recent year-end round-up stories as to pro- duction, retail sales, employment, profits, and wages. The financial pages of every newspaper in the land carry the encouraging story that business in 1949 approximated the all-time high levels of 1948. The recession which hit us in the spring of 1949 was stopped cold in its tracks, and the upward swing tn business started in early fall to reach new peaks in December. Corporations report an rverage of 7 percent increase in dividends over 1948. In the closing months of 1949 industrial output was rising, employ- ment was increasing, and the buying power of the dollar was on the up-grade. The business outlook for 1950, according to the vast majority of financial and eco- nomic reports, could be summarized by say- ing that incomes and spending are on the rise, good times are in the offing. Such mag- azines as Business Week and U.S. News have made exhaustive studies of business condl- tions for the coming year and the predictions are optimistic. Such quotes as the following from U. 8. News portray the picture: “Busi- ness is to be good during the first half of 1950, Everyone agrees on that. * * * Business in the second half of the New Year is likely to be Just as good as the first half, perhaps a@ little better. * ° * Danger points appear to be few.” The favorable factors appear to outweigh unfavorable fac- tors: “People have money ar‘ are in a mood to spend it. Demand remains high. Credit is not strained’ The economic outlook for 1950 is outlined by such comments as: “The money people will receive promises to top all previous years. It is esttmated at $217,- 700,000,000, and that will be close to three times the 1940 individual income. Con- sumer spending in 1950 will be as great as in the boom of 1948. Retail trading will approsch the 1948 level. Output of industry is expected to be higher than 1949 and equal to 1948. The construction industry is expected to have another boom year. Em- ployment is anticipated to average a million more workers in 1950 than tn 1949.” In sum- mary, the U. 8. News in its report to the Nation says: “The price level is expected to show stability throughout the year. * * © Employment will be higher. Living costs are expected to be about the same. Corporate profits will increase slightly; dividend pay- ments will likely be moderately higher in 1950.” Yes indeed, the state of the Union 1s good. The record and the evidence is overwhelming to support the President's concluaion. The one disturbing sign was an average of 3,500,- 000 unemployed in 1949, a rise over the years 1947 and 1948. Despite the unemployment, however, economic activity was high and profitable. The loss from unemployment, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE however, is estimated from ten to fifteen billions of dollars in national income. It was this factor which the President gave special consideration, and called upon the Nation to raise the standard of living and the average Income of the family, thereby to increase the consumption of goods and serv- ices and offering full employment to the available work force. The greatest loss of the depression came from unemployment. Even in such unprec- edented good times as 1948 and 1949, our major weakness and our major economic loss was from unemployment. Therefore the President has outlined a bold and courageous program of Government activity to bolster the economy. A recent report from the President's Council of Economic Advisers, entitled “Business and Government,” out- lines the philosophy of the Fair Deal and ita relationship to our national economy. The emphasis is upon cooperation and encourage- ment of capital investment to provide new jobs and new purchasing power. The Presi- dent sees the Fair Deal program as an in- surance policy against recession and eco- nomic catastrophe. He envisions the Fair Deal program as opening new areas of eco- nomic and social activity, thereby releasing the pent-up energies and power of our people and our economic system. The emphasis is upon health, education, the development of natural resources, the provision of cheap credit for investment and new enterprise. There is a deep concern in the administra- tion circles over the fall of farm income. Therefore extra time and emphasis is being peaced upon improving the existing farm legislation so as to place a flocr under farm prices and a guaranty of a stable and ex- panding farm income During the past 2 years there has been a vicious and persistent attack upon the eco- nomic and political principles of the Pair Deal. There ‘as been the cry of statism, socialism, and national insolvency. These have been cries in the wilderness. The record speeks for itself. The high levels of economic activity and prosperity in 1947, 1948, and 1949, along with the optimistic forecast for 1950, should set aside the false warnings of the false prophets. The so-called period of disaster has not materialized. The liberty of the American people has not been destroyed. The solvency of the Nation is not jeopardized. In fact, the state of the Union is good. STATEMENT BY SENATOR HUMPHREY ON THE 1961 Bunezr—Ovur Economy AND TAXA- TION One of the most controversial issues facing our country is the President’s budget calling for an estimated expenditure of $42,489,000,- 000 The estimated revenues are placed at $37,806,000,000. Simple arithmetic tells Us that the President’s budget would, therefore, result in a deficit next year of approximately $5,100,000,000. Total spending for the com- ing year will, however, be cut by almost a billion dollars as compared to last year. In general terms, the President's budget reveals that 71 percent of the budget will go for foreign aid, veterans assistance programs, national defense, and interest on the national debt. To be specific, let us take a look at what happens to the budget dollar: National defense__..-.--~---...-------- Veterans assistance Foreign aid. ...--.--~--------------- ee Interest on the public debt--..--------.~ Social welfare, health, and security. All other Government functions....--.. 23 In summary, 71 cents out of every budget dollar will go to pay for the cost of previous wars and for our program of peace and security for today and the future. The aum of 29 cents out of each budget dollar will go to meet the requirements of our domestic economy. FEBRUARY 14 The most controversial part of the budget appears to be the item pertaining to the 6 cents out of each budget dollar for social welfare, health, and security. The total re- quest by the President is approximately $2,700,000,000. This sum of money is re- quired for public assistance to the aged, blind, dependent children, maternal and child care, public health, school-lunch pro- gram, and all aspects of the social security law exclusive of unemployment compensa- tion. The belance of the budget dollar—23 centsa—will go for the following programs: Price supports for American agriculture, rural electrification and telephones. soll conservation, alt the activities of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, land and water re- sources development, atomic energy, refor- estation, highway systems, aviation and air- port development, navigation, business loans, research, unemployment compensation, and the many administrative activities and re- sponsibilities of the Federal Government. In round figures then here’s the answer to where the money will go: National defense....---... $13, 500, 000, 000 Veterans -__.-------------- 6, 100, 000, 000 Interest on public debt.... 5, 600, 000, 000 International... -.-----.--. 4, T00, 000, 000 Social welfare, health, and security. .---22 ee 2, 700, 000, 000 Natural resources 2, 200, 000, 000 Agriculture. _.....--------- Housing and education.__. Transportation and com- munication.....--..--... 2, 200, 000, 000 1, 800, 000, 000 1, 700, 000, 000 1, 300, 000, 000 Labor, finance, commerce, and industry__.--..--... 800, 000, 000 The President gave the key to a program of balancing the budget when he said the budget is “directed at achieving a budgetary balance in the only way which it can be achieved—by measures which support rather than impair the continued growth of our country.” The President proposes to bal- ance the budget by future revenues, from a growing economy rather than from short- range economies that would make the coun- try weaker, The President took note of the fact that despite the great prosperity of 1949, the cost of unemployment was between 810,000,000,000 and 813,000,000,000 in lost production and lost wages. He also had in mind that ap- proximately two-fifths of the families in this Nation have a gross income under $2,500 a year and that four-fifths of the families had @ gross income under $5,000 a year. It is the purpose of the Fair Deal program to bolster up that low income section of our economy. In this manner the low-income citizens will be able to improve their earning capacities, thereby raising their income and making a greater contribution to the economy. The emphasis of the President was not only upon all possible economy in government but, even more s0, upon an expanding economy and a more productive and fully employed people. For the first time the budget this year re- vealed that a large percentage of the pro- posed expenditures would be used to build up the assets of the Nation. Much of this would be repaid to the Government either directly or indirectly in the future. A special tab- ulation revealed that a total of 812,400,000,000 out of a total 842,400,000,000 would be used for loans, grants, construction, and produc- tive public works. Approximately $4,000,- 000,000 of this investment would be repaid to the Government through repayment of loans, sale of commodities, or sale of power from hydroelectric projects. Much of the rest of the over-all $12,000,000,000 investment fund would go to such development purposes as State and local construction of hospitals, schools, research, education, health, and nat- ural resources,
1950 One of the problems in understanding the budget is the failure to separate capital improvements from expenditures. It should be noted that American business considers capital improvements as assets and not as lia- bilities. If our Government followed the budget practices of private business, it 1s safe to say that our budget could well be called a balanced budget. Surely, stock- Piling of strategic materials such as rubber, tin, manganese, nickel and chromium repre- sent an investment. Nor can it be denied that that portion of the budget which deals with storage for farm products, particularly nonperishables, in reality represents an investment rather than an expenditure. Similarly, loans on housing and FHA mortgages, farm credit, and Export-Import Bank loans should not be classified as expenditures but rather what they truly are, namely, loans. A bank con- siders loans an asset, not a liability. The vast majority of these loans will be repaid with interest. In fact, several Federal loan agencies are showing net profits to the Gov- ernment. FACTS CONCERNING FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT Total cost for wages and salaries of all civilian employees as provided in the budget equals @4,800,000,000. Total number of ci- villian employees provided by the budget is 1,960,000 of which 75 percent will be for the Department of Defense, Post Office Depart- ment and Veterans’ Administration. The high peak of Government employment was 8,770,000 during the war. BUDGET EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA During the fiscal year 1939, Federal Gov- ernment expenditures amounted to about @69 for each man, woman, and child in the country. In the fiscal year 1951, the per capita expenditure is estimated at more than four times that amount, $278. About 80 percent of the increase has oc- curred in four areas—national defense, in- ternational affairs and finance, veterans’ services and benefits, and interest on the public debt. The percentage of increase for all other programs is less than the rise which has taken place in average Government salaries and in the prices the Government has to pay for the goods it buys. BUDGET EXPENDITURES AS A PERCENTAGE OF NATIONAL INCOME Since fiscal year 1939 the national income of the United States has more than trebled. Federal budget expenditures, however, have risen to about four and three-quarters times their 1939 level. Whereas budget expendl- tures were less than 13 percent of the national income in 1939, they are estimated at about 18 percent of the national income in 1951. The proportion of the national income which in 1951 will be devoted to four pur- poses—national defense, international af- fairs and finance, veterans’ services and bene- fits, and interest on the public debt—is itself equal to the 18 percent devoted to all Federal expenditures during 1939. On the other hand, 1951 expenditures for non-war-related programs are estimated to represent 5.8 per- cent of the national income compared with 9.1 percent spent for these programs in 1939. MEANS OF ECONOMY The most concrete proposal for Govern- ment economy is represented by the recom~ mendations of the Hoover Commission. It is estimated that approximately three and one-half to four billion dollars can be saved if these recommendations are carried out. The first session of the Eighty-first Congress enacted approximately 20 percent of the rec- ommendations at an estimated saving of $1,590,000,000. I have actively supported the Hoover Commission proposals and shall con- tinue to give them my support. As a mem- ber of the Senate Committee on Expenditureg in the Executive Departments, I have partick xCVI——113 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE pated in the preparation of Hoover Commis- sion legislation which has resulted in the sav- ing thus far meade. Additional legislation 1s under way and will be presented to the Con- gress. Other economies are being effected by constant investigation of the executive de- partments by the Senate Committee on Ex- penditures. These savings are seldom pub- licized, but have resulted in substantial gains. Economy is a desirable objective in any enterprise, whether 1t be private or public. Economy, however, cannot be separated from efficiency. Further savings can perhaps be obtained by a very careful analysis of our national defense needs, our public works, and rivers and harbors appropriations. It must be kept in mind, however, that any savings or drastic cuts in expenditures which result in the jeopardizing of our national security, our foreign policy, or our responsibility to preserve democracy and peace all over the world, would prove to be a false economy. It is true that the cold war costs money— but a hot one would cost immeasurably more. TAXATION I have long favored and continue to sup- port repeal of the wartime excise taxes. Such excise taxes served their purpose during the war. At present they serve to retard busi- ness and place an unfair burden upon the consumer and the retailer. I shall vote for their repeal. The chairman of the Senate Finance Committee has assured the Congress that appropriate legislation for the repeal of the taxes will be presented to the Congress, Government revenue, however, must be maintained. Iam supporting the President's tax recommendations presented to the Con- gress on January 23. These recommenda- tions include the following: 1. Plugging the loopholes under present tax laws. These include: (a) Excessive exemptions now enjoyed by the oll and mining interests. (b) Abuse of tax-exemption privileges granted to certain trusts, educational, and charitable organizations. I refer here only to the tax loopholes that have developed through the abuse of such privileges. 2. The revision and the improvement of the estate, gift-tax, and corporation-tax laws, The President's recommendation on cor- poration income calls for a moderate increase in the tax rate on that part of the corpora- tion's net income which is excessive of $50,- 000. The President further recommended that the tax rate on corporate income be- low 850,000 be reduced. This reduction on taxes paid by medium-sized corporations would provide additional capital for small- business expansion. The tax increase would apply to less than one-tenth of all corpora- tions. Recent profit statements and dividend re- ports indicate that a moderate corporation tax increase would not be an excessive bur- den A recent report of the Federal Trade Commission covering 528 corporations in 25 selected industries, discloses that since the war there was an average 20-percent profit on invested capital in those industries after taxes. It is of the utmost importance that every possible effort be made to hold Government expenditures within Government revenues. This can be done through the following courses of action: 1. Improvement of efficiency of Govern- ment operation such as suggested in the proposals of the Hoover Commission report. 2. Reduction in appropriations in those areas of Government activity where such reduction would not impair national se- curity or the domestic welfare. 8. Reviston of tax laws to provide in- creased revenue. This should be based en- tirely upon the principle of ability to pay with consideration for the provision of capi- tal for small-business expansion. 1789 STATEMENT OF EARNINGS OF TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, some time ago I asked Mr. Gordon R. Clapp, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, to give me a statement as to the earnings of that Authority. I have received from him such a statement. I may add, Mr. President, that I asked the clerk of the Appropriations Com- mittee to give me a statement as to how much the Tennessee Valley Authority has cost up to date. The total amount is $815,921,481. So it is seen that in 1949 the Tennessee Valley Authority is paying more than 2!% percent on its in- vestment. I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Recorp the letter from Mr. Clapp, together with the statement furnished me by the clerk of the Appro- priations Committee. They contain in- formation which I think the Congress should have. There being no objection, the letter and statement were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: ‘TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, Knoxville, Tenn., February 10, 1950. Dear SENATOR McKeLuar: In the course of @ recent conversation we discussed TVA's progress in repaying the Nation's investmont in the TVA power system and the rate of return on that investment earned by the TVA from the sale of power. You suggested that I condense what I reported to you then into a brief, written statement. This letter is in response to that request. The financial results of the TVA power program are shown in the figures describing two facts: first, the rate of return which the power program is earning on the Govern- ment's investment, and, second, the reve- nues received from the sale of power and the uses to which these revenues have been put, including cash payments into the United States Treasury. Rate of return: During the last fiscal yeur, proceeds from the sale of power amounted to $58,030,000; operating expense to generate and transmit the power and manage the power business, including depreciation, amounted to 836,552,000; the difference is 621,479,000 and is the net earnings of the TVA power system for 1949. These net power earnings represented a rate of return of 5 percent on the total money invested in the TVA power system—money derived partly from the taxpayers and partly from the con- sumers of TVA electricity. This 5-percent return was the second highest annual return since the TVA began in 1933. The highest rate of return in any 1 year was 54% percent which was achieved in fiscal year 1947. The rate of return in fiscal year 1948 was 4% percent. The average annual rate of return over the entire 16 years of TVA's existence is about 4 percent of the average investment in the power system. This includes the period from 1988 to 1940 when TVA was held back in selling its power by lawsuits brought by the private utilities. In some years a lower return must be expected, particularly in the event of very dry weather when we will be required to use Jess hydro power and more of the higher-cost steam power, but the re- turn has now exceeded 4 percent for 7 con- secutive years. This rate of return, as I stated, is after an allowance for depreciation, a charge paid by the consumers to make replacements and to keep the property invest- ment intact and useful. This record of an average rate of return of 4 percent is proof that the users of electricity are paying considerably more than all the
1790 cost incurred by TVA in producing and transmitting the power to the retail distribu- tion systems of the cities and rural electric cooperatives who sell the power at retail rates to the ultimate consumers. Cash payments to the Treasury and use of revenues; The second fact about the financial success of the TVA has to do with the cash picture—the proceeds reccived from the sale of power, payments made to the Treasury, and the uses which have been made of the balance. As you know, TVA began retiring its bond- ed indebtedness (to the Treasury and the RFC) in the fiscal year 1944. In addition, in December 1946 TVA made its first cash payment into the United States Treasury ub- der section 26 of the TVA Act, when for the first time operating proceeds exceeded re- quirements financed from this source of funds. During the current fiscal year, TVA will pay $6,700,000 into the Treasury, of which $5,500,000 will be paid from power earnings and 81,200,C00 from miscellaneous receipts. By June 30, 1950, the end of the current fiscal year, TVA'’s cumulative payments into the Treasury will total about $54,200,000. This $54,200,000 will consist of $16,000,000 for bond retirements, $29,100,000 paid from power earnings under section 26 of the TVA Act (making a total of $45,100,000 from power) and $9,100,000 of nonpower proceeds also pald into the Treasury under section 26. From the beginning in 1933 through the end of the 1949 fiscal year, revenues from power totaled $367,000,000 Out of this 367,000,000, T'VA paid out-of-pocket operat- ing expenses (for the power program only) amounting to 8155,000,000, This $155,000,000 includes over $18,000,000 representing in- lieu tax payments to States and counties as prescribed by Congress in section 13 of the TVA Act, and over 86,000,000 paid to the Treasury and the RFC as interest on the out- standing bonds (which interest was, of course, in addition to the payments on principal to the Treasury described above). The balance of the $155,000,000 went for wages und for coal and other materials and supplies required to operate the TVA power system over the 16-year period. Taking the total revenues of $367,000,000 and subtracting operating expenses of $155,- 000,000 leaves cash earnings (i. e., net earn- ings before charges for depreciation) of $212,- 000,000. These cash earnings have been used as follows: One hundred and fifty-nine million six hundred thousand dollars has been used to make replacements to the power system facilities and to add additional generators and transmission lines to the system as re- flected each year in TVA budgets reviewed by the Congress. (In this way, TVA paid for these facilities immediately instead of ask- ing for appropriations and paying back the appropriation over a 40-year period as al- lowed under the law.) Thirty-nine million six hundred thousand dollars has been paid to the Treasury. (Add- ing the payment to be made this year, the figure will reach 645,100,000 as described above ) Seven million six hundred thousand dollars represents the valne of power inventories (coal, conductor ¢eable, transformers, poles, etc.,, on hand for use and construction) which were on hand on June 30, 1949. Five million two hundred thousand dollars represents accounts receivable and cash in the TVA checking account in the Treasury. (This represents all the reserve that was on hand on June 30 to help meet increased op- erating expenses in case of dry weather and low stream flow.) As I told you in our recent conversation, this is a record that should reassure the country about the safety and success of the power business in the Tennessee Valley. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Nor does this tell the whole story. You know about the tremendous increase in rural electrification in the Tennessee Valley, the strategic value of TVA power for the atomic energy program and the aluminunt and mu- nitions programs during the war, and even now, the millions of dollars worth of gen- erators, turbines, etc., purchased by the TVA from factories in other parts of the country, the millions of dollars spent by electricity consumers in the Tennessee Val- ley for electric appliances—hot water heat- ers, ranges, refrigerators, etc.—made In cities outside the Tennessee Valley. These and many other results of the expanded use of electricity in the Tennessee Valley, made pos- FEBRUARY 14 sible by appropriations to the TVA by the Congress, add to the working value of the TVA power investment as a good investment for the whole Nation. On the narrow basis of rate of financial return and cash payments to the Treasury, the TVA power system shows a successful public service, business result. On the broader basis of increased prosperity and na- tional security I belleve the results are even more conclusive. If there are additional facts you would like, I should be glad to supply them. Sincerely, GorDON R. CLapP, Chat? man oj the Board. Summary of amounts appropriated for Tennessee Valley Authority Law Name of act Congres: Amount ——_— ——! ——|—_. Publie No 77......----------+---+- Fourth Deficiency - 22-222 eee ee eee nee ee eee 73d ...--- eee $50, 000, 000 Public No 412 22. .. | Emergency --..---- 25,000, 000 Public No 260. -| Second Deficiency 36, 0010, 000 Public No 730. .-| First. Defleiency..-. 39, 900, OO Public No, 121-. _| Second Deficienev. 40, 168, 270 Pablie No 434... Independent Office! 40, 000, 000 Public No 8... . dow... --- 39, 043, OOO Public No, 450.....-.-.----------- ef-s --- 40, 000, G00 Public Res 05.. 25, 000, 000 Public No Independent Office 79, 800, 000 Publie No. Resolution (Li J) Res, 104) 40, 000, O00 Publie No. é Third Supplemental. ..-------.-- ------ 47, 000, 000 Publie No. _| Fourth Supplemental... 30, 000, O00 Pubhe No 63 Independent Offices -- _.---d0. 2-2... .-] 136, 100, 000 Public No. 78th (+) Public No, 358. - Public No 5 Public No 39, 906, 000, Public No, 18, 700, 000 Publie No 27, 380, O61 Public No 2, 950, 000 Pubhe No 200...-.-------------- eee 40, 359, 150 Total amount appropriated. ..).---- 2 ane eee en eee ene eee re nen nee | anne eee ene een en 815, 921, 481 i 1 Unexpended balance only LINCOLN DAY ADDRESS BY SENATOR WHERRY AT SAN FRANCISCO {Mr WHERRY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Rrcorp an address de- livered by him at a Lincoln Day meeting under the auspices of the California Repub- lican State Organization and the San Fran- cisco County Republican Committee, at the Hotel Fairmont, San Francisco, Calif., on Febuary 9, 1950, which appears in the Ap- pendix. ] LINCOLN DAY ADDRESS BY SENATOR WHERRY AT LOS ANGELES {Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an address de- livered by him at a Lincoln Day meeting under the auspices of the California Repub- lican State Organization and Los Angeles County Republican Committee, at the Hotel Biltmore, Los Angeles, Calif., on February 10, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] AIR ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CEN- TER—ADDRESS BY THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE (Mr. KEFAUVER asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an address delivered by the Secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington, at a meeting of the Nashville Chamber of Commerce, at Nash- ville, Tenn., on February 10, 1950, which ap- pears in the Appendix.] ADDRESS BY THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE BEFORE THE GRADUATING CLASS OF BAYLOR UNIVERSITY [| Mr. KEFAUVER asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an address delivered by W. Stuart Symington, Secre- tary of the Air Force, before the graduating class of Baylor University, at Waco, Tex., on February 1, 1950, which appears in the Ap- pendix. } LINCOLN DAY DINNER ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR DRISCOLL {Mr SMITH of New Jersey asked and ob- tained leave to have printed in the Recorp the address delivered by Gov. Alfred E Dris- coll, of New Jersey, at the Lincoln Day din- ner held in New York, N. Y., on February 13, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.]} OPPOSITION TO RATIFICATION OF THE GENOCIDE CONVENTION—STATEMENT BY LEANDER H. PEREZ [Mr. STENNIS, on behalf of himeclf and Mr. EastLANp, asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp a statement by Leander H. Perez, district attorney of Lou- isiana, against ratification of the Genocide Convention, before the Senate Foreign Re- lations Committee, which appears in the Ap- pendix.] THE CVA AND CONSERVATION—LETTER BY WINTON WEYDEMEYER [Mr. ECTON asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an open letter en- titled “The CVA and Conservation,” ad- Gressed to the editors of Nature magazine by Winton Weydemeyer, master of the Montana State Grange, which appears in the Ap- pendix.] REPRESENTATIVE O’SULLIVAN, OF NE- BRASKA—EDITORIAL FROM KEARNEY (NEBR.) DAILY HUB | Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an editorial en- titled “O'SuLLIvAN’s Oratory,” published in the Kearney (Nebr.) Daily Hub of February 8, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] DEVELOPMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND RIVER—EDITORIAL FROM THE PARIS (TENN.) POST-INTELLIGENCER |Mr. KEFAUVER asked and obtained leave to have printed in the REcorp an editorial