‘‘(b) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OFFICE.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall establish within 
the National Science Foundation a Program Man-
agement Office to oversee the day-to-day functions 
of the NAIRR and shall appoint an individual to 
head the Program Management Office. 
‘‘(2) STAFF.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Pro-
gram Management Office may identify staff 
and direct all employees of the Program Man-
agement Office, in accordance with the applica-
ble provisions of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(B) REPRESENTATION
AND
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—The staff of the Program Manage-
ment Office— 
‘‘(i) may include representation from 
other Federal agencies providing support 
for NAIRR resources; and 
‘‘(ii) shall include not fewer than 
three full-time employees. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The duties of the Program 
Management Office shall include— 
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‘‘(A) in coordination with the NAIRR 
Steering Subcommittee and any relevant Advi-
sory Committee as appropriate— 
‘‘(i) developing the funding oppor-
tunity and soliciting bids for the Operating 
Entity, which will be responsible for oper-
ation of the National Artificial Intelligence 
Research Resource; 
‘‘(ii) selecting, through a competitive 
and transparent process, a nongovern-
mental organization, which may be an 
independent legal entity or a consortium of 
1 or more partners (which may include 
federally funded research and development 
centers), to be designated the Operating 
Entity; 
‘‘(iii) overseeing compliance with the 
contractual obligations of the Operating 
Entity; 
‘‘(iv) establishing evaluation criteria 
for the NAIRR; 
‘‘(v) overseeing asset allocation and 
utilization; 
‘‘(vi) identifying an external inde-
pendent evaluation entity; 
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‘‘(vii) assessing the performance of 
the Operating Entity on not less than an 
annual basis and, if such performance is 
unsatisfactory, ending the agreement with 
such Operating Entity and selecting a new 
Operating Entity in accordance with clause 
(ii); 
‘‘(viii) developing multi-agency fund-
ing opportunities for the selection of 
NAIRR resources; and 
‘‘(ix) coordinating resource contribu-
tions from participating Federal agencies; 
and 
‘‘(B) delegating, with appropriate over-
sight, operational tasks to the Operating Enti-
ty, including— 
‘‘(i) coordinating the provisioning of 
resources of the NAIRR; 
‘‘(ii) maintaining a portal and associ-
ated services for users to access resources 
of the NAIRR; 
‘‘(iii) developing policies and proce-
dures for the NAIRR; 
‘‘(iv) hiring and managing a staff (in-
cluding experts in cyber infrastructure 
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management, data science, research de-
sign, privacy, ethics, and legal and policy 
matters) to support the operations of the 
NAIRR; 
‘‘(v) continually modernizing NAIRR 
infrastructure; 
‘‘(vi) recommending key performance 
indicators for the NAIRR, in coordination 
with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee 
and any relevant Advisory Committee; 
‘‘(vii) publishing publicly available an-
nual reports reviewing the performance of 
the NAIRR, the resources of the NAIRR, 
and the NAIRR governance structures; 
‘‘(viii) establishing and administering 
training to new users on accessing a re-
source of the NAIRR, research design, and 
issues related to privacy, ethics, safety, and 
trustworthiness of artificial intelligence 
systems; 
‘‘(ix) facilitating connections to AI 
testbeds; and 
‘‘(x) making educational resources of 
the NAIRR available to other Federal 
agencies, and to Congress, for the purpose 
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of educating Federal Government officials 
and employees about artificial intelligence. 
‘‘(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEES.—The head of the Pro-
gram Management Office, acting through the Director of 
the Operating Entity, shall establish Advisory Committees 
to provide advice to the Operating Entity and the Program 
Management Office. Any such Advisory Committees shall 
be comprised of members from government agencies, the 
private sector, academia, and public interest groups. 
Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply 
to any such Advisory Committee. 
‘‘SEC. 5603. RESOURCES OF THE NAIRR. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Program Man-
agement Office, acting through the Director of the Oper-
ating Entity and in coordination with the NAIRR Steering 
Subcommittee and any relevant Advisory Committee, 
shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate and provision resources of the 
NAIRR; 
‘‘(2) establish processes to manage the procure-
ment of new resources of the NAIRR, and intake of 
in-kind contribution of resources of the NAIRR, 
from Federal agencies or other entities; 
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‘‘(3) establish policies on and review resources 
of the NAIRR for concerns related to ethics and pri-
vacy; 
‘‘(4) retire resources of the NAIRR no longer 
available or needed; and 
‘‘(5) publicly report a summary of categories of 
available resources of the NAIRR, categories of 
sources of such resources of the NAIRR, and issues 
related to resources of the NAIRR. 
‘‘(b) RESOURCES
OF
THE NAIRR.—The NAIRR 
shall offer resources that include, at a minimum, all of 
the following, subject to the availability of appropriations: 
‘‘(1) A mix of computational resources, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(A) on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, and 
emergent resources; 
‘‘(B) public cloud providers providing ac-
cess to popular computational and storage serv-
ices for NAIRR users; 
‘‘(C) an open source software environment 
for the NAIRR; 
‘‘(D) an application programming interface 
providing structured access to artificial intel-
ligence models; and 
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‘‘(E) other types of computational re-
sources. 
‘‘(2) Data, including by— 
‘‘(A)(i) in coordination with the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and con-
sistent with the guidance of the National 
Science and Technology Council titled ‘Desir-
able Characteristics of Data Repositories for 
Federally Funded Data,’ dated May 2022, or 
any successor document, publishing interoper-
ability standards for data repositories based on 
the data sharing and documentation standards 
and guidelines produced under section 22A of 
the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1); and 
‘‘(ii) selecting and developing, through a 
competitive bidding process, data repositories to 
be available to NAIRR users; 
‘‘(B) establishing acceptable criteria for 
datasets used as resources of the NAIRR; 
‘‘(C) identifying and providing access to 
existing curated datasets of value and interest 
to the NAIRR user community; 
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‘‘(D) establishing an artificial intelligence 
open data commons to facilitate community 
sharing and curation of data, code, and models; 
‘‘(E) coordinating with the Interagency 
Council on Statistical Policy to explore options 
to make Federal statistical data available to 
NAIRR users, including through the standard 
application process established under section 
3583(a) of title 44, United States Code; and 
‘‘(F) other types of computational re-
sources. 
‘‘(3) Educational tools and services, including 
by— 
‘‘(A) facilitating and curating educational 
and training materials; 
‘‘(B) providing technical training and user 
support; and 
‘‘(C) providing targeted outreach and pro-
gramming strategies to increase participation in 
STEM fields. 
‘‘(4) AI testbeds, including by— 
‘‘(A) in coordination with the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology, facili-
tating access to artificial intelligence testbeds 
through which researchers can measure, bench-
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mark, test, or evaluate engineering or algo-
rithmic developments; and 
‘‘(B) developing a comprehensive catalog of 
open AI testbeds. 
‘‘SEC. 5604. NAIRR PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES. 
‘‘(a) USER ELIGIBILITY.— 
‘‘(1) ELIGIBLE USERS.—Subject to paragraph 
(3), the following users shall be eligible for access to 
the NAIRR: 
‘‘(A) A researcher, educator, or student 
based in the United States that is affiliated 
with an entity described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(B) An employee of an entity described in 
clause (iii) or (iv) of paragraph (2)(B) with a 
demonstrable mission-need. 
‘‘(2) ENTITIES
DESCRIBED.—An entity de-
scribed in this paragraph is an entity that satisfies 
the following: 
‘‘(A) Is based in the United States. 
‘‘(B) Is one of the following: 
‘‘(i) An institution of higher edu-
cation. 
‘‘(ii) A nonprofit institution (as such 
term is defined in section 4 of the Steven-
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son-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703)). 
‘‘(iii) An Executive agency. 
‘‘(iv) A federally funded research and 
development center. 
‘‘(v) A small business concern (as 
such term is defined in section 3 of the 
Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632), not-
withstanding section 121.103 of title 13, 
Code of Federal Regulations) that has re-
ceived funding from an Executive agency, 
including through the Small Business In-
novation Research Program or the Small 
Business Technology Transfer Program 
(as described in section 9 of the Small 
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638)). 
‘‘(vi) A category of entity that the Di-
rector of the National Science Foundation 
and the Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy, after consultation 
with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee 
and any relevant Advisory Committee, de-
termine shall be eligible. 
‘‘(vii) A consortium composed of enti-
ties described in clauses (i) through (vi). 
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‘‘(3) EXCLUDED ENTITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—No individual is au-
thorized to be an eligible user under paragraph 
(1) if the individual is employed by a foreign 
country that is listed in section 4872(d)(2) of 
title 10, United States Code, or is otherwise au-
thorized by such country to act for or on its be-
half. 
‘‘(B) ENFORCEMENT.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall ensure that 
individuals authorized as eligible users meet the 
requirements of subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(b) PRIVACY, ETHICS, CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL 
LIBERTIES, SAFETY, AND TRUSTWORTHINESS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) REQUIREMENTS.—The head of the 
Program Management Office, acting through 
the Director of the Operating Entity and in 
consultation with any relevant Advisory Com-
mittee, shall establish requirements, a review 
process for applications, and a process for au-
diting resources of the NAIRR and research 
conducted using resources of the NAIRR on 
matters related to privacy, ethics, safety, secu-
rity, and trustworthiness of artificial intel-
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ligence systems developed using resources of the 
NAIRR. 
‘‘(B) FEDERAL STATISTICAL DATA.—Any 
auditing process required under subparagraph 
(A) for Federal statistical data included in a re-
source of the NAIRR shall be completed by the 
head of a designated statistical agency (as de-
fined in section 3576(e) of title 44, United 
States Code), in coordination with the Chief 
Statistician of the United States, consistent 
with relevant law. 
‘‘(2) CONSISTENCY.—The head of the Program 
Management Office shall ensure the requirements 
and processes described in paragraph (1) are con-
sistent with the policies of the Office of Management 
and Budget policy and relevant policies of other Ex-
ecutive agencies. The head of the Program Manage-
ment Office shall coordinate with the Senior Agency 
Official for Privacy and the General Counsel of the 
National Science Foundation in ensuring compliance 
with applicable privacy law and policy and Federal 
laws and regulations. 
‘‘(3) AVAILABILITY.—The head of the Program 
Management Office, acting through the Director of 
the Operating Entity, shall— 
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‘‘(A) when determining access to computa-
tional resources of the NAIRR, take into con-
sideration the extent to which the access relates 
to privacy, ethics, safety, security, risk mitiga-
tion, and trustworthiness of artificial intel-
ligence systems, or other topics that dem-
onstrate that a project is in the public interest; 
‘‘(B) ensure that a significant percentage 
of the annual allotment of computational re-
sources of the NAIRR is provided to projects 
the primary focus of which is related to any of 
the topics described in subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(C) to the extent that demand for access 
to computational resources of the NAIRR ex-
ceeds availability, consider, on a priority basis, 
projects focusing on any of the topics described 
in subparagraph (A) when ranking applications 
for such access. 
‘‘(c) SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The head of the Program 
Management Office, acting through the Director of 
the Operating Entity and in consultation with any 
relevant Advisory Committee, shall develop guidance 
for— 
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‘‘(A) addressing concerns related to mat-
ters of scientific integrity, including matters re-
lated to the effects or impacts of research and 
potential research enabled by the NAIRR; and 
‘‘(B) mechanisms for an employee of the 
Operating Entity, an employee of the Program 
Management Office, a member of the NAIRR 
Steering Subcommittee or an Advisory Com-
mittee, a researcher or student affiliated with a 
NAIRR user described in subsection (a)(1), an 
employee of a provider of a resource of the 
NAIRR, an employee of a NAIRR funding 
agency, or a member of the public to report vio-
lations of the guidance developed under this 
paragraph, including by confidential and anony-
mous means. 
‘‘(2) CONSISTENCY WITH GOVERNMENT POLI-
CIES ON SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY.—The guidance de-
veloped under paragraph (1)(A) shall be published in 
a publicly accessible location on the website of the 
NAIRR. Such policies shall, to the degree prac-
ticable, be consistent with— 
‘‘(A) the Presidential memorandum enti-
tled ‘Restoring Trust in Government Through 
Scientific Integrity and Evidence-Based Policy-
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making’, dated January 27, 2021, or successor 
document; and 
‘‘(B) reports produced pursuant to such 
Presidential memorandum (including the re-
ports entitled ‘Protecting the Integrity of Gov-
ernment Science’, dated January 2022, and ‘A 
Framework for Federal Scientific Integrity Pol-
icy and Practice’, dated January 2023, pub-
lished by the National Science and Technology 
Council, or successor documents). 
‘‘(d) SYSTEM SECURITY AND USER ACCESS CON-
TROLS.—The head of the Program Management Office, 
acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and 
in consultation with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, 
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology, and the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infra-
structure Security Agency— 
‘‘(1) shall establish minimum security require-
ments for all persons interacting with the NAIRR, 
consistent with the most recent version of the Cyber-
security Framework, or successor document, main-
tained by the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; and 
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‘‘(2) may establish tiers of security require-
ments and user access controls beyond the minimum 
requirements relative to security risks. 
‘‘(e) FEE SCHEDULE.—The head of the Program 
Management Office, acting through the Director of the 
Operating Entity, may establish a fee schedule for access 
to the NAIRR. Fees charged under this subsection may 
be retained and used for the purposes of this title. The 
Operating Entity may only charge fees in such fee sched-
ule. Such fee schedule— 
‘‘(1) may differ by type of eligible user and type 
of affiliated entity described in subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) shall include a free tier of access based on 
appropriated funds and anticipated costs and de-
mand; 
‘‘(3) may include cost-based charges for eligible 
users to purchase resources of the NAIRR beyond 
the resources included in a free or subsidized tier; 
and 
‘‘(4) shall ensure that the primary purpose of 
the NAIRR is to support research. 
‘‘(f) RESEARCH SECURITY.—The head of the Pro-
gram Management Office, acting through the Director of 
the Operating Entity and in consultation with the NAIRR 
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Steering Subcommittee and the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure conformance with the requirements 
of National Security Presidential Memorandum–33 
(relating to supported research and development na-
tional policy), issued January 2021, and its imple-
mentation guidance on research security and re-
search integrity, or any successor policy document or 
guidance, by establishing NAIRR operating prin-
ciples that emphasize the research integrity prin-
ciples of openness, reciprocity, and transparency; 
and 
‘‘(2) designate a member of the leadership team 
for the Operating Entity as a research security point 
of contact with responsibility for overseeing conform-
ance with the National Security Presidential Memo-
randum–33 and its implementation guidance, or any 
successor policy document or guidance. 
‘‘SEC. 5605. NAIRR FUNDING. 
‘‘To carry out this title, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the NAIRR is authorized to accept and use dona-
tions of cash, services, and personal property from the pri-
vate sector.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—The table of con-
tents in section 2(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
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