‘‘(5) to hire additional forensic examiners to 
help with forensic work and to fight gang activity; 
and’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b), by amending paragraph 
(1) to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated $55,000,000 
for each fiscal year to carry out this section.’’. 
TITLE III—PUNISHMENT AND 
IMPROVED CRIME DATA 
Subtitle A—Gang Crimes 
SEC. 301. CRIMINAL STREET GANGS. 
(a) CRIMINAL STREET GANG PROSECUTIONS.—Sec-
tion 521 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows: 
‘‘§ 521. Criminal street gang prosecutions 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this chapter: 
‘‘(1) CRIMINAL
STREET
GANG.—The term 
‘criminal street gang’ means a formal or informal 
group, club, organization, or association of 5 or 
more individuals— 
‘‘(A) who individually, jointly, or in com-
bination, have committed or attempted to com-
mit for the direct or indirect benefit of, at the 
direction of, in furtherance of, or in association 
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with the group, club organization, or association 
at least 2 separate acts, each of which is a 
predicate gang crime— 
‘‘(i) 1 of which occurs after the date 
of enactment of the Fighting Gangs and 
Empowering Youth Act of 2007; 
‘‘(ii) the last of which occurs not later 
than 5 years after the commission of a 
prior predicate gang crime (excluding any 
period of imprisonment); and 
‘‘(iii) 1 of which is a crime of violence 
or involves manufacturing, importing, dis-
tributing, possessing with intent to dis-
tribute, or otherwise dealing in a controlled 
substance or listed chemical (as those 
terms are defined in section 102 of the 
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802)); and 
‘‘(B) whose activities affect interstate or 
foreign commerce, or involve the use of any fa-
cility of, or travel in, interstate or foreign com-
merce. 
‘‘(2) PREDICATE
GANG
CRIME.—The term 
‘predicate gang crime’ means— 
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‘‘(A) any act, threat, conspiracy, or at-
tempted act, which is chargeable under Federal 
or State law and punishable by imprisonment 
for more than 1 year involving— 
‘‘(i) murder; 
‘‘(ii) manslaughter; 
‘‘(iii) maiming; 
‘‘(iv) assault with a dangerous weap-
on; 
‘‘(v) assault resulting in serious bodily 
injury; 
‘‘(vi) gambling; 
‘‘(vii) kidnapping; 
‘‘(viii) robbery; 
‘‘(ix) extortion; 
‘‘(x) arson; 
‘‘(xi) obstruction of justice; 
‘‘(xii) tampering with or retaliating 
against a witness, victim, or informant; 
‘‘(xiii) burglary; 
‘‘(xiv) sexual assault; 
‘‘(xv) carjacking; or 
‘‘(xvi) manufacturing, importing, dis-
tributing, possessing with intent to dis-
tribute, or otherwise dealing in a controlled 
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substance or listed chemicals (as those 
terms are defined in section 102 of the 
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802)); 
‘‘(B) any act punishable by imprisonment 
for more than 1 year under— 
‘‘(i) section 844 (relating to explosive 
materials); 
‘‘(ii) section 922(g)(1) (where the un-
derlying conviction is a violent felony (as 
defined in section 924(e)(2)(B) of this 
title) or is a serious drug offense (as de-
fined in section 924(e)(2)(A) of this title)); 
‘‘(iii) subsection (a)(2), (b), (c), (g), 
or (h) of section 924 (relating to receipt, 
possession, and transfer of firearms); 
‘‘(iv) sections 1028 and 1029 (relating 
to fraud and related activity in connection 
with identification documents or access de-
vices); 
‘‘(v) section 1503 (relating to obstruc-
tion of justice); 
‘‘(vi) section 1510 (relating to ob-
struction of criminal investigations); 
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‘‘(vii) section 1512 (relating to tam-
pering with a witness, victim, or inform-
ant) or section 1513 (relating to retaliating 
against a witness, victim, or informant); 
‘‘(viii) section 1708 (relating to theft 
of stolen mail matter); 
‘‘(ix) section 1951 (relating to inter-
ference with commerce, robbery or extor-
tion); 
‘‘(x) section 1952 (relating to racket-
eering); 
‘‘(xi) section 1956 (relating to the 
laundering of monetary instruments); 
‘‘(xii) section 1957 (relating to engag-
ing in monetary transactions in property 
derived from specified unlawful activity); 
‘‘(xiii) section 1958 (relating to use of 
interstate commerce facilities in the com-
mission of murder-for-hire); or 
‘‘(xiv) sections 2312 through 2315 
(relating to interstate transportation of 
stolen motor vehicles or stolen property); 
or 
‘‘(C) any violation of section 274 (relating 
to bringing in and harboring certain aliens), 
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section 277 (relating to aiding or assisting cer-
tain aliens to enter the United States), or sec-
tion 278 (relating to importation of alien for 
immoral purpose) of the Immigration and Na-
tionality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324, 1327, and 1328). 
‘‘(3) SEXUAL ASSAULT.—The term ‘sexual as-
sault’ means any offense that involves conduct that 
would violate chapter 109A if the conduct occurred 
in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States. 
‘‘(4) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of 
the several States of the United States, the District 
of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or 
possession of the United States. 
‘‘(b) PARTICIPATION IN CRIMINAL STREET GANGS.— 
It shall be unlawful— 
‘‘(1) to commit, or conspire or attempt to com-
mit a predicate gang crime— 
‘‘(A) in furtherance or in aid of the activi-
ties of a criminal street gang; 
‘‘(B) for the purpose of gaining entrance 
to or maintaining or increasing position in such 
a gang; or 
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