287 
(c) NONDISCLOSURE.—Section 304 of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 20704) is amended by striking ‘‘record or paper’’ 
and inserting ‘‘record (including electronic record), paper, 
or election equipment’’. 
(d) JURISDICTION TO COMPEL PRODUCTION.—Sec-
tion 305 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20705) is amended by 
striking ‘‘record or paper’’ each place it appears and in-
serting ‘‘record (including electronic record), paper, or 
election equipment’’. 
SEC. 3303. JUDICIAL REVIEW TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE. 
Title III of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (52 U.S.C. 
20701 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 307. JUDICIAL REVIEW TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE. 
‘‘(a) CAUSE OF ACTION.—The Attorney General, a 
representative of the Attorney General, or a candidate in 
a Federal election described in section 301 may bring an 
action in the district court of the United States for the 
judicial district in which a record or paper is located, or 
in the United States District Court for the District of Co-
lumbia, to compel compliance with the requirements of 
section 301. 
‘‘(b) DUTY TO EXPEDITE.—It shall be the duty of 
the court to advance on the docket, and to expedite to 
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288 
the greatest possible extent the disposition of, the action 
and any appeal under this section.’’. 
Subtitle E—Judicial Protection of 
the Right To Vote and Non-Par-
tisan Vote Tabulation 
PART 1—RIGHT TO VOTE ACT 
SEC. 3401. SHORT TITLE. 
This part may be cited as the ‘‘Right to Vote Act’’. 
SEC. 3402. UNDUE BURDENS ON THE ABILITY TO VOTE IN 
ELECTIONS FOR FEDERAL OFFICE PROHIB-
ITED. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Every citizen of legal voting age 
shall have the right to vote and have one’s vote counted 
in elections for Federal office free from any burden on 
the time, place, or manner of voting, as set forth in sub-
sections (b) and (c). 
(b) RETROGRESSION.—A government may not dimin-
ish the ability to vote or to have one’s vote counted in 
an election for Federal office unless the law, rule, stand-
ard, practice, procedure, or other governmental action 
causing the diminishment is the least restrictive means of 
significantly furthering an important, particularized gov-
ernment interest. 
(c) SUBSTANTIAL IMPAIRMENT.— 
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289 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A government may not sub-
stantially impair the ability of an individual to vote 
or to have one’s vote counted in an election for Fed-
eral office unless the law, rule, standard, practice, 
procedure, or other governmental action causing the 
impairment significantly furthers an important, par-
ticularized governmental interest. 
(2) SUBSTANTIAL IMPAIRMENT.—For purposes 
of this section, a substantial impairment is a non- 
trivial impairment that makes it more difficult to 
vote or to have one’s vote counted than if the law, 
rule, standard, practice, procedure, or other govern-
mental action had not been adopted or implemented. 
An impairment may be substantial even if the voter 
or other similarly situated voters are able to vote or 
to have one’s vote counted notwithstanding the im-
pairment. 
SEC. 3403. JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
(a) CIVIL ACTION.—An action challenging a violation 
of this part may be brought by any aggrieved person or 
the Attorney General in the district court for the District 
of Columbia, or the district court for the district in which 
the violation took place or where any defendant resides 
or does business, at the selection of the plaintiff, to obtain 
all appropriate relief, whether declaratory or injunctive, or 
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290 
facial or as-applied. Process may be served in any district 
where a defendant resides, does business, or may be found. 
(b) STANDARDS TO BE APPLIED.—A court adjudi-
cating an action brought under this part shall apply the 
following standards: 
(1) RETROGRESSION.— 
(A) A plaintiff establishes a prima facie 
case of retrogression by demonstrating by a 
preponderance of the evidence that a rule, 
standard, practice, procedure, or other govern-
mental action diminishes the ability, or other-
wise makes it more difficult, to vote, or have 
one’s vote counted. 
(B) If a plaintiff establishes a prima facie 
case as described in subparagraph (A), the gov-
ernment shall be provided an opportunity to 
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence 
that the diminishment is necessary to signifi-
cantly further an important, particularized gov-
ernmental interest. 
(C) If the government meets its burden 
under subparagraph (B), the challenged rule, 
standard, practice, procedure, or other govern-
mental action shall nonetheless be deemed in-
valid if the plaintiff demonstrates by a prepon-
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291 
derance of the evidence that the government 
could adopt or implement a less-restrictive 
means of furthering the particularized impor-
tant governmental interest. 
(2) SUBSTANTIAL IMPAIRMENT.— 
(A) A plaintiff establishes a prima facie 
case 
of 
substantial 
impairment 
by 
dem-
onstrating by a preponderance of the evidence 
that a rule, standard, practice, procedure, or 
other governmental action is a non-trivial im-
pairment of the ability to vote or to have one’s 
vote counted. 
(B) If a plaintiff establishes a prima facie 
case as described in subparagraph (A), the gov-
ernment shall be provided an opportunity to 
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence 
that the impairment significantly furthers an 
important, particularized governmental interest. 
(c) DUTY TO EXPEDITE.—It shall be the duty of the 
court to advance on the docket and to expedite to the 
greatest reasonable extent the disposition of the action 
and appeal under this section. 
(d) ATTORNEY’S FEES.—Section 722(b) of the Re-
vised Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1988(b)) is amended— 
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292 
(1) by striking ‘‘or section 40302’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘section 40302’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘, the court’’ and inserting ‘‘, or 
section 3402(a) of the Freedom to Vote Act, the 
court’’. 
SEC. 3404. DEFINITIONS. 
In this part— 
(1) the term ‘‘covered entity’’ means the Dis-
trict of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States 
Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the North-
ern Mariana Islands; 
(2) the terms ‘‘election’’ and ‘‘Federal office’’ 
have the meanings given such terms in section 301 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 
U.S.C. 30101); 
(3) the term ‘‘have one’s vote counted’’ means 
all actions necessary to have a vote included in the 
appropriate totals of votes cast with respect to can-
didates for public office for which votes are received 
in an election and reflected in the certified vote to-
tals by any government responsible for tallying or 
certifying the results of elections for Federal office; 
(4) the term ‘‘government’’ includes a branch, 
department, agency, instrumentality, and official (or 
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293 
other person acting under color of law) of the 
United States, of any State, of any covered entity, 
or of any political subdivision of any State or cov-
ered entity; and 
(5) the term ‘‘vote’’ means all actions necessary 
to make a vote effective, including registration or 
other action required by law as a prerequisite to vot-
ing, casting a ballot. 
SEC. 3405. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 
(a) BURDENS NOT AUTHORIZED.—Nothing in this 
part may be construed to authorize a government to bur-
den the right to vote in elections for Federal office. 
(b) OTHER RIGHTS
AND REMEDIES.—Nothing in 
this part shall be construed to alter any rights existing 
under a State constitution or the Constitution of the 
United States, or to limit any remedies for any other viola-
tions of Federal, State, or local law. 
(c) OTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT.—Nothing in 
this subtitle shall be construed as affecting section 1703 
of this Act (relating to rights of citizens). 
(d) OTHER DEFINITIONS.—The definitions set forth 
in section 3404 shall apply only to this part and shall not 
be construed to amend or interpret any other provision 
of law. 
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294 
SEC. 3406. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this part or the application of such 
provision to any citizen or circumstance is held to be un-
constitutional, the remainder of this part and the applica-
tion of the provisions of such to any citizen or cir-
cumstance shall not be affected thereby. 
SEC. 3407. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) ACTIONS BROUGHT FOR RETROGRESSION.—Sub-
section (b) of section 3402 shall apply to any law, rule, 
standard, practice, procedure, or other governmental ac-
tion that was not in effect during the November 2022 gen-
eral election for Federal office but that will be in effect 
with respect to elections for Federal office occurring on 
or after January 1, 2024, even if such law, rule, standard, 
practice, procedure, or other governmental action is al-
ready in effect as of the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(b) ACTIONS BROUGHT FOR SUBSTANTIAL IMPAIR-
MENT.—Subsection (c) of section 3402 shall apply to any 
law, rule, standard, practice, procedure, or other govern-
mental action in effect with respect to elections for Fed-
eral office occurring on or after January 1, 2024. 
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295 
PART 2—CLARIFYING JURISDICTION OVER 
ELECTION DISPUTES 
SEC. 3411. FINDINGS. 
In addition to providing for the statutory rights de-
scribed in part 1, including judicial review under section 
3403, Congress makes the following findings regarding en-
forcement of constitutional provisions protecting the right 
to vote: 
(1) It is a priority of Congress to ensure that 
pending and future disputes arising under the Fif-
teenth Amendment or any other constitutional provi-
sions protecting the right to vote may be heard in 
Federal court. 
(2) The Fifth Circuit has misconstrued section 
1344 of title 28, United States Code, to deprive 
Federal courts of subject matter jurisdiction in cer-
tain classes of cases that implicate voters’ constitu-
tional rights, see, e.g., Keyes v. Gunn, 890 F.3d 232 
(5th Cir. 2018), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 434 (2018); 
Johnson v. Stevenson, 170 F.2d 108 (5th Cir. 
1948). 
(3) Section 1344 of such title is also super-
fluous in light of other broad grants of Federal ju-
risdiction. 
See, 
e.g., 
section 
1331, 
section 
1343(a)(3), and section 1343(a)(4) of title 28, 
United States Code. 
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296 
(4) Congress therefore finds that a repeal of 
section 1344 is appropriate and that such repeal will 
ensure that Federal courts nationwide are empow-
ered to enforce voters’ constitutional rights in Fed-
eral elections and State legislative elections. 
SEC. 3412. CLARIFYING AUTHORITY OF UNITED STATES 
DISTRICT COURTS TO HEAR CASES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1344 of title 28, United 
States Code, is repealed. 
(b) CONTINUING AUTHORITY OF COURTS TO HEAR 
CASES UNDER OTHER EXISTING AUTHORITY.—Nothing 
in this part may be construed to affect the authority of 
district courts of the United States to exercise jurisdiction 
pursuant to existing provisions of law, including sections 
1331, 1343(a)(3), and 1343(a)(4) of title 28, United 
States Code, in any cases arising under the Constitution, 
laws, or treaties of the United States concerning the ad-
ministration, conduct, or results of an election for Federal 
office or state legislative office. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 85 of title 28, United States Code, is amended 
by striking the item relating to section 1344. 
SEC. 3413. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This part and the amendments made by this part 
shall apply to actions brought on or after the date of the 
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enactment of this Act and to actions brought before the 
date of enactment of this Act which are pending as of such 
date. 
Subtitle F—Poll Worker 
Recruitment and Training 
SEC. 3501. GRANTS TO STATES FOR POLL WORKER RE-
CRUITMENT AND TRAINING. 
(a) GRANTS
BY ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMIS-
SION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Election Assistance 
Commission (hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Commis-
sion’’) shall, subject to the availability of appropria-
tions provided to carry out this section, make a 
grant to each eligible State for recruiting and train-
ing individuals to serve as poll workers on dates of 
elections for public office. 
(2) USE OF COMMISSION MATERIALS.—In car-
rying out activities with a grant provided under this 
section, the recipient of the grant shall use the man-
ual prepared by the Commission on successful prac-
tices for poll worker recruiting, training, and reten-
tion as an interactive training tool, and shall develop 
training programs with the participation and input 
of experts in adult learning. 
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(3) 
ACCESS
AND
CULTURAL
CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—The Commission shall ensure that the 
manual described in paragraph (2) provides training 
in methods that will enable poll workers to provide 
access and delivery of services in a culturally com-
petent manner to all voters who use their services, 
including those with limited English proficiency, di-
verse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, disabilities, 
and regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or gen-
der identity. These methods must ensure that each 
voter will have access to poll worker services that are 
delivered in a manner that meets the unique needs 
of the voter. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR ELIGIBILITY.— 
(1) APPLICATION.—Each State that desires to 
receive a payment under this section shall submit an 
application for the payment to the Commission at 
such time and in such manner and containing such 
information as the Commission shall require. 
(2) CONTENTS OF APPLICATION.—Each appli-
cation submitted under paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) describe the activities for which assist-
ance under this section is sought; 
(B) provide assurances that the funds pro-
vided under this section will be used to supple-
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299 
ment and not supplant other funds used to 
carry out the activities; 
(C) provide assurances that the State will 
furnish the Commission with information on the 
number of individuals who served as poll work-
ers after recruitment and training with the 
funds provided under this section; 
(D) provide assurances that the State will 
dedicate poll worker recruitment efforts with re-
spect to— 
(i) youth and minors, including by re-
cruiting at institutions of higher education 
and secondary education; and 
(ii) diversity, including with respect to 
race, ethnicity, and disability; and 
(E) provide such additional information 
and certifications as the Commission deter-
mines to be essential to ensure compliance with 
the requirements of this section. 
(c) AMOUNT OF GRANT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amount of a grant 
made to a State under this section shall be equal to 
the product of— 
(A) the aggregate amount made available 
for grants to States under this section; and 
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300 
(B) the voting age population percentage 
for the State. 
(2) VOTING AGE POPULATION PERCENTAGE DE-
FINED.—In paragraph (1), the ‘‘voting age popu-
lation percentage’’ for a State is the quotient of— 
(A) the voting age population of the State 
(as determined on the basis of the most recent 
information available from the Bureau of the 
Census); and 
(B) the total voting age population of all 
States (as determined on the basis of the most 
recent information available from the Bureau of 
the Census). 
(d) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 
(1) REPORTS BY RECIPIENTS OF GRANTS.—Not 
later than 6 months after the date on which the 
final grant is made under this section, each recipient 
of a grant shall submit a report to the Commission 
on the activities conducted with the funds provided 
by the grant. 
(2) REPORTS BY COMMISSION.—Not later than 
1 year after the date on which the final grant is 
made under this section, the Commission shall sub-
mit a report to Congress on the grants made under 
this section and the activities carried out by recipi-
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301 
ents with the grants, and shall include in the report 
such recommendations as the Commission considers 
appropriate. 
(e) FUNDING.— 
(1) CONTINUING AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNT AP-
PROPRIATED.—Any amount appropriated to carry 
out this section shall remain available without fiscal 
year limitation until expended. 
(2) 
ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES.—Of 
the 
amount appropriated for any fiscal year to carry out 
this section, not more than 3 percent shall be avail-
able for administrative expenses of the Commission. 
SEC. 3502. STATE DEFINED. 
In this subtitle, the term ‘‘State’’ includes the Dis-
trict of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 
Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Is-
lands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands. 
Subtitle G—Preventing Poll 
Observer Interference 
SEC. 3601. PROTECTIONS FOR VOTERS ON ELECTION DAY. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) 
is amended by inserting after section 303 the following 
new section: 
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302 
‘‘SEC. 303A. VOTER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS. 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENTS FOR CHALLENGES BY PERSONS 
OTHER THAN ELECTION OFFICIALS.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
CHALLENGES.—No 
person, other than a State or local election official, 
shall submit a formal challenge to an individual’s eli-
gibility to register to vote in an election for Federal 
office or to vote in an election for Federal office un-
less that challenge is supported by personal knowl-
edge with respect to each individual challenged re-
garding the grounds for ineligibility which is— 
‘‘(A) documented in writing; and 
‘‘(B) subject to an oath or attestation 
under penalty of perjury that the challenger has 
a good faith factual basis to believe that the in-
dividual who is the subject of the challenge is 
ineligible to register to vote or vote in that elec-
tion, except a challenge which is based on the 
race, ethnicity, or national origin of the indi-
vidual who is the subject of the challenge may 
not be considered to have a good faith factual 
basis for purposes of this paragraph. 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION
ON
CHALLENGES
ON
OR 
NEAR DATE OF ELECTION.—No person, other than 
a State or local election official, shall be permitted— 
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303 
‘‘(A) to challenge an individual’s eligibility 
to vote in an election for Federal office on the 
date of the election on grounds that could have 
been made in advance of such date; or 
‘‘(B) to challenge an individual’s eligibility 
to register to vote in an election for Federal of-
fice or to vote in an election for Federal office 
less than 10 days before the election unless the 
individual registered to vote less than 20 days 
before the election. 
‘‘(b) BUFFER RULE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A person who is serving as 
a poll observer with respect to an election for Fed-
eral office may not come within 8 feet of— 
‘‘(A) a voter or ballot at a polling location 
during any period of voting (including any pe-
riod of early voting) in such election; or 
‘‘(B) a ballot at any time during which the 
processing, scanning, tabulating, canvassing, or 
certifying voting results is occurring. 
‘‘(2) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
paragraph (1) may be construed to limit the ability 
of a State or local election official to require poll ob-
servers to maintain a distance greater than 8 feet. 
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304 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office occurring on 
and after January 1, 2024.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO VOL-
UNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by section 
1101(b) and as amended by sections 1102, 1103, 1104, 
and 1303, is amended by striking ‘‘and 313’’ and inserting 
‘‘313, and 303A’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating 
to section 303 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 303A. Voter protection requirements.’’. 
Subtitle 
H—Preventing 
Restric-
tions on Food and Beverages 
SEC. 3701. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This subtitle may be cited as the 
‘‘Voters’ Access to Water Act’’. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) States have a legitimate interest in prohib-
iting electioneering at or near polling places, and 
each State has some form of restriction on political 
activities near polling places when voting is taking 
place. 
(2) In recent elections, voters have waited in 
unacceptably long lines to cast their ballot. During 
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305 
the 2018 midterm election, more than 3,000,000 
voters were made to wait longer than the acceptable 
threshold for wait times set by the Presidential 
Commission on Election Administration, including 
many well-documented cases where voters were made 
to wait for several hours. A disproportionate number 
of those who had to wait long periods were Black or 
Latino voters, who were more likely than White vot-
ers to wait in the longest lines on Election Day. 
(3) Allowing volunteers to donate food and 
water to all people waiting in line at a polling place, 
regardless of the voters’ political preference and 
without engaging in electioneering activities or par-
tisan advocacy, helps ensure Americans who face 
long lines at their polling place can still exercise 
their constitutional right to vote, without risk of de-
hydration, inadequate food, discomfort, and risks to 
health. 
SEC. 3702. PROHIBITING RESTRICTIONS ON DONATIONS OF 
FOOD AND BEVERAGES AT POLLING STA-
TIONS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), 
as amended by section 1031(a), section 1044(a), section 
1101(a), section 1102(a), section 1103(a), section 
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306 
1104(a), section 1201(a), section 1301(a), section 
1302(a), section 1303(b), section 1305(a), section 
1606(a)(1), section 1607(a), and section 1624(a) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 318 and 319 as 
sections 319 and 320, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 317 the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 318. PROHIBITING STATES FROM RESTRICTING DO-
NATIONS OF FOOD AND BEVERAGES AT 
POLLING STATIONS. 
‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—Subject to the exception in sub-
section (b), a State may not impose any restriction on the 
donation of food and nonalcoholic beverages to persons 
outside of the entrance to the building where a polling 
place for a Federal election is located, provided that such 
food and nonalcoholic beverages are distributed without 
regard to the electoral participation or political pref-
erences of the recipients. 
‘‘(b) EXCEPTION.—A State may require persons dis-
tributing food and nonalcoholic beverages outside the en-
trance to the building where a polling place for a Federal 
election is located to refrain from political or election-
eering activity. 
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307 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office occurring on 
and after January 1, 2024.’’. 
(b) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated 
by section 1101(b) and as amended by sections 1102, 
1103, 1104, 1303, and 3601(b), is amended by striking 
‘‘and 303A’’ and inserting ‘‘303A, and 317’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), section 
1044(b), section 1101(c), section 1102(c), section 
1103(a), section 1104(c), section 1201(c), section 
1301(a), section 1302(a), section 1303(b), section 
1305(a), section 1606(a)(3), section 1607(b), and section 
1624(b) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 318 and 319 as relating to sections 319 and 
320, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 317 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 318. Prohibiting States from restricting donations of food and beverages 
at polling stations.’’. 
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308 
Subtitle I—Establishing Duty To 
Report Foreign Election Inter-
ference 
SEC. 3801. FINDINGS RELATING TO ILLICIT MONEY UNDER-
MINING OUR DEMOCRACY. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Criminals, terrorists, and corrupt govern-
ment officials frequently abuse anonymously held 
Limited Liability Companies (LLCs), also known as 
‘‘shell companies’’, to hide, move, and launder the 
dirty money derived from illicit activities such as 
trafficking, bribery, exploitation, and embezzlement. 
Ownership and control of the finances that run 
through shell companies are obscured to regulators 
and law enforcement because little information is re-
quired and collected when establishing these entities. 
(2) The public release of the ‘‘Panama Papers’’ 
in 2016 and the ‘‘Paradise Papers’’ in 2017 revealed 
that these shell companies often purchase and sell 
United States real estate. United States anti-money 
laundering laws do not apply to cash transactions in-
volving real estate, effectively concealing the bene-
ficiaries and transactions from regulators and law 
enforcement. 
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309 
(3) Since the Supreme Court’s decisions in Citi-
zens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 
U.S. 310 (2010), billions of dollars have flowed into 
super PACs through LLCs whose funders are anon-
ymous or intentionally obscured. Criminal investiga-
tions have uncovered LLCs that were used to hide 
illegal campaign contributions from foreign criminal 
fugitives, to advance international influence-buying 
schemes, and to conceal contributions from donors 
who were already under investigation for bribery and 
racketeering. Voters have no way to know the true 
sources of the money being routed through these 
LLCs to influence elections, including whether any 
of the funds come from foreign or other illicit 
sources. 
(4) Congress should curb the use of anonymous 
shell companies for illicit purposes by requiring 
United States companies to disclose their beneficial 
owners, strengthening anti-money laundering and 
counter-terrorism finance laws. 
(5) Congress should examine the money laun-
dering and terrorist financing risks in the real estate 
market, including the role of anonymous parties, and 
review legislation to address any vulnerabilities iden-
tified in this sector. 
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310 
(6) Congress should examine the methods by 
which corruption flourishes and the means to detect 
and deter the financial misconduct that fuels this 
driver of global instability. Congress should monitor 
government 
efforts 
to 
enforce 
United 
States 
anticorruption laws and regulations. 
SEC. 3802. FEDERAL CAMPAIGN REPORTING OF FOREIGN 
CONTACTS. 
(a) INITIAL NOTICE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 304 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(j) DISCLOSURE OF REPORTABLE FOREIGN CON-
TACTS.— 
‘‘(1) COMMITTEE
OBLIGATION
TO
NOTIFY.— 
Not later than 1 week after a reportable foreign con-
tact, each political committee shall notify the Fed-
eral Bureau of Investigation and the Commission of 
the reportable foreign contact and provide a sum-
mary of the circumstances with respect to such re-
portable foreign contact. The Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation, not later than 1 week after receiving a 
notification from a political committee under this 
paragraph, shall submit to the political committee, 
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311 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of 
the House of Representatives, and the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate written or elec-
tronic confirmation of receipt of the notification. 
‘‘(2) INDIVIDUAL
OBLIGATION
TO
NOTIFY.— 
Not later than 3 days after a reportable foreign con-
tact— 
‘‘(A) each candidate and each immediate 
family member of a candidate shall notify the 
treasurer or other designated official of the 
principal campaign committee of such candidate 
of the reportable foreign contact and provide a 
summary of the circumstances with respect to 
such reportable foreign contact; and 
‘‘(B) each official, employee, or agent of a 
political committee shall notify the treasurer or 
other designated official of the committee of the 
reportable foreign contact and provide a sum-
mary of the circumstances with respect to such 
reportable foreign contact. 
‘‘(3) REPORTABLE FOREIGN CONTACT.—In this 
subsection: 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘reportable 
foreign contact’ means any direct or indirect 
contact or communication that— 
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312 
‘‘(i) is between— 
‘‘(I) a candidate, an immediate 
family member of the candidate, a po-
litical committee, or any official, em-
ployee, or agent of such committee; 
and 
‘‘(II) an individual that the per-
son described in subclause (I) knows, 
has reason to know, or reasonably be-
lieves is a covered foreign national; 
and 
‘‘(ii) the person described in clause 
(i)(I) knows, has reason to know, or rea-
sonably believes involves— 
‘‘(I) an offer or other proposal 
for a contribution, donation, expendi-
ture, disbursement, or solicitation de-
scribed in section 319; or 
‘‘(II) direct or indirect coordina-
tion or collaboration with, or a direct 
or indirect offer or provision of infor-
mation or services to or from, a cov-
ered foreign national in connection 
with an election. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTIONS.— 
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313 
‘‘(i) CONTACTS IN OFFICIAL CAPACITY 
AS ELECTED OFFICIAL.—The term ‘report-
able foreign contact’ shall not include any 
contact or communication with a covered 
foreign national by an elected official or an 
employee of an elected official solely in an 
official capacity as such an official or em-
ployee. 
‘‘(ii) CONTACTS
FOR
PURPOSES
OF 
ENABLING
OBSERVATION
OF
ELECTIONS 
BY
INTERNATIONAL
OBSERVERS.—The 
term ‘reportable foreign contact’ shall not 
include any contact or communication with 
a covered foreign national by any person 
which is made for purposes of enabling the 
observation of elections in the United 
States by a foreign national or the obser-
vation of elections outside of the United 
States by a candidate, political committee, 
or any official, employee, or agent of such 
committee. 
‘‘(iii) EXCEPTIONS
NOT
APPLICABLE 
IF
CONTACTS
OR
COMMUNICATIONS
IN-
VOLVE
PROHIBITED
DISBURSEMENTS.—A 
contact or communication by an elected of-
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314 
ficial or an employee of an elected official 
shall not be considered to be made solely 
in an official capacity for purposes of 
clause (i), and a contact or communication 
shall not be considered to be made for pur-
poses of enabling the observation of elec-
tions for purposes of clause (ii), if the con-
tact or communication involves a contribu-
tion, donation, expenditure, disbursement, 
or solicitation described in section 319. 
‘‘(C) COVERED
FOREIGN
NATIONAL
DE-
FINED.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In this paragraph, 
the 
term 
‘covered 
foreign 
national’ 
means— 
‘‘(I) a foreign principal (as de-
fined in section 1(b) of the Foreign 
Agents Registration Act of 1938 (22 
U.S.C. 611(b)) that is a government 
of a foreign country or a foreign polit-
ical party; 
‘‘(II) any person who acts as an 
agent, representative, employee, or 
servant, or any person who acts in 
any other capacity at the order, re-
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315 
quest, or under the direction or con-
trol, of a foreign principal described in 
subclause (I) or of a person any of 
whose activities are directly or indi-
rectly supervised, directed, controlled, 
financed, or subsidized in whole or in 
major part by a foreign principal de-
scribed in subclause (I); or 
‘‘(III) any person included in the 
list of specially designated nationals 
and blocked persons maintained by 
the Office of Foreign Assets Control 
of the Department of the Treasury 
pursuant to authorities relating to the 
imposition of sanctions relating to the 
conduct of a foreign principal de-
scribed in subclause (I). 
‘‘(ii) CLARIFICATION REGARDING AP-
PLICATION TO CITIZENS OF THE UNITED 
STATES.—In the case of a citizen of the 
United States, subclause (II) of clause (i) 
applies only to the extent that the person 
involved acts within the scope of that per-
son’s status as the agent of a foreign prin-
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316 
cipal described in subclause (I) of clause 
(i). 
‘‘(4) IMMEDIATE
FAMILY
MEMBER.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘immediate family member’ 
means, with respect to a candidate, a parent, parent- 
in-law, spouse, adult child, or sibling.’’. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made 
by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to report-
able foreign contacts which occur on or after the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
(b) INFORMATION INCLUDED ON REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 304(b) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 30104(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (7); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (8) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(9) for any reportable foreign contact (as de-
fined in subsection (j)(3))— 
‘‘(A) the date, time, and location of the 
contact; 
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317 
‘‘(B) the date and time of when a des-
ignated official of the committee was notified of 
the contact; 
‘‘(C) the identity of individuals involved; 
and 
‘‘(D) a description of the contact, including 
the nature of any contribution, donation, ex-
penditure, disbursement, or solicitation involved 
and the nature of any activity described in sub-
section (j)(3)(A)(ii)(II) involved.’’. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to reports 
filed on or after the expiration of the 60-day period 
which begins on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
SEC. 3803. FEDERAL CAMPAIGN FOREIGN CONTACT RE-
PORTING COMPLIANCE SYSTEM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 302 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30102) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(j) REPORTABLE FOREIGN CONTACTS COMPLIANCE 
POLICY.— 
‘‘(1) REPORTING.—Each political committee 
shall establish a policy that requires all officials, em-
ployees, and agents of such committee (and, in the 
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318 
case of an authorized committee, the candidate and 
each immediate family member of the candidate) to 
notify the treasurer or other appropriate designated 
official of the committee of any reportable foreign 
contact (as defined in section 304(j)) not later than 
3 days after such contact was made. 
‘‘(2) 
RETENTION
AND
PRESERVATION
OF 
RECORDS.—Each political committee shall establish 
a policy that provides for the retention and preserva-
tion of records and information related to reportable 
foreign contacts (as so defined) for a period of not 
less than 3 years. 
‘‘(3) CERTIFICATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon filing its state-
ment of organization under section 303(a), and 
with each report filed under section 304(a), the 
treasurer of each political committee (other 
than an authorized committee) shall certify 
that— 
‘‘(i) the committee has in place poli-
cies that meet the requirements of para-
graphs (1) and (2); 
‘‘(ii) the committee has designated an 
official to monitor compliance with such 
policies; and 
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319 
‘‘(iii) not later than 1 week after the 
beginning of any formal or informal affili-
ation with the committee, all officials, em-
ployees, and agents of such committee 
will— 
‘‘(I) receive notice of such poli-
cies; 
‘‘(II) be informed of the prohibi-
tions under section 319; and 
‘‘(III) sign a certification affirm-
ing their understanding of such poli-
cies and prohibitions. 
‘‘(B) AUTHORIZED
COMMITTEES.—With 
respect to an authorized committee, the can-
didate shall make the certification required 
under subparagraph (A).’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to political 
committees which file a statement of organization 
under section 303(a) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30103(a)) on or after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(2) TRANSITION RULE FOR EXISTING COMMIT-
TEES.—Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
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320 
enactment of this Act, each political committee 
under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
shall file a certification with the Federal Election 
Commission that the committee is in compliance 
with the requirements of section 302(j) of such Act 
(as added by subsection (a)). 
SEC. 3804. CRIMINAL PENALTIES. 
Section 309(d)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30109(d)(1)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(E) Any person who knowingly and willfully com-
mits a violation of subsection (j) or (b)(9) of section 304 
or section 302(j) shall be fined not more than $500,000, 
imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. 
‘‘(F) Any person who knowingly and willfully conceals 
or destroys any materials relating to a reportable foreign 
contact (as defined in section 304(j)) shall be fined not 
more than $1,000,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, 
or both.’’. 
SEC. 3805. REPORT TO CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE 
COMMITTEES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 
the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall 
submit to the congressional intelligence committees a re-
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321 
port relating to notifications received by the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation under section 304(j)(1) of the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by section 
4902(a) of this Act). 
(b) ELEMENTS.—Each report under subsection (a) 
shall include, at a minimum, the following with respect 
to notifications described in subsection (a): 
(1) The number of such notifications received 
from political committees during the year covered by 
the report. 
(2) A description of protocols and procedures 
developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation re-
lating to receipt and maintenance of records relating 
to such notifications. 
(3) With respect to such notifications received 
during the year covered by the report, a description 
of any subsequent actions taken by the Director re-
sulting from the receipt of such notifications. 
(c) CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘congressional intel-
ligence committees’’ has the meaning given that term in 
section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 
3003). 
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322 
SEC. 3806. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this subtitle or the amendments made by 
this subtitle shall be construed— 
(1) to impede legitimate journalistic activities; 
or 
(2) to impose any additional limitation on the 
right to express political views or to participate in 
public discourse of any individual who— 
(A) resides in the United States; 
(B) is not a citizen of the United States or 
a national of the United States, as defined in 
section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Na-
tionality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)); and 
(C) is not lawfully admitted for permanent 
residence, as defined by section 101(a)(20) of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)(20)). 
Subtitle 
J—Promoting 
Accuracy, 
Integrity, and Security Through 
Voter-Verifiable 
Permanent 
Paper Ballot 
SEC. 3901. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Confidence 
and Increased Accessibility Act of 2023’’. 
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323 
SEC. 3902. PAPER BALLOT AND MANUAL COUNTING RE-
QUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(a)(2) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(2)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) PAPER BALLOT REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(A) 
VOTER-VERIFIABLE
PAPER
BAL-
LOTS.— 
‘‘(i) The voting system shall require 
the use of an individual, durable, voter- 
verifiable paper ballot of the voter’s vote 
selections that shall be marked by the 
voter and presented to the voter for 
verification before the voter’s ballot is pre-
served in accordance with subparagraph 
(B), and which shall be counted by hand or 
other counting device or read by a ballot 
tabulation device. For purposes of this sub-
clause, the term ‘individual, durable, voter- 
verifiable paper ballot’ means a paper bal-
lot marked by the voter by hand or a paper 
ballot marked through the use of a nontab-
ulating ballot marking device or system, so 
long as the voter shall have the option at 
every in-person voting location to mark by 
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324 
hand a printed ballot that includes all rel-
evant contests and candidates. 
‘‘(ii) The voting system shall provide 
the voter with an opportunity to correct 
any error on the paper ballot before the 
permanent voter-verifiable paper ballot is 
preserved in accordance with subparagraph 
(B). 
‘‘(iii) The voting system shall not pre-
serve the voter-verifiable paper ballots in 
any manner that makes it possible, at any 
time after the ballot has been cast, to asso-
ciate a voter with the record of the voter’s 
vote selections. 
‘‘(iv) The voting system shall prevent, 
through mechanical means or through 
independently 
verified 
protections, 
the 
modification or addition of vote selections 
on a printed or marked ballot at any time 
after the voter has been provided an oppor-
tunity to correct errors on the ballot pur-
suant to clause (ii). 
‘‘(B) 
PRESERVATION
AS
OFFICIAL 
RECORD.—The 
individual, 
durable, 
voter- 
verifiable paper ballot used in accordance with 
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325 
subparagraph (A) shall constitute the official 
ballot and shall be preserved and used as the 
official ballot for purposes of any recount or 
audit conducted with respect to any election for 
Federal office in which the voting system is 
used. 
‘‘(C) MANUAL COUNTING REQUIREMENTS 
FOR RECOUNTS AND AUDITS.— 
‘‘(i) Each paper ballot used pursuant 
to subparagraph (A) shall be suitable for a 
manual audit, and such ballots, or at least 
those ballots the machine could not count, 
shall be counted by hand in any recount or 
audit conducted with respect to any elec-
tion for Federal office. 
‘‘(ii) In the event of any inconsist-
encies or irregularities between any elec-
tronic vote tallies and the vote tallies de-
termined by counting by hand the indi-
vidual, durable, voter-verifiable paper bal-
lots used pursuant to subparagraph (A), 
the individual, durable, voter-verifiable 
paper ballots shall be the true and correct 
record of the votes cast. 
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326 
‘‘(D) SENSE
OF
CONGRESS.—It is the 
sense of Congress that as innovation occurs in 
the election infrastructure sector, Congress 
should ensure that this Act and other Federal 
requirements for voting systems are updated to 
keep pace with best practices and recommenda-
tions for security and accessibility.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT CLARIFYING APPLI-
CABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE LANGUAGE ACCESSIBILITY.— 
Section 301(a)(4) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(4)) 
is amended by inserting ‘‘(including the paper ballots re-
quired to be used under paragraph (2))’’ after ‘‘voting sys-
tem’’. 
(c) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 
301(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
(3) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘counted, in 
accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and 
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327 
(4) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’. 
SEC. 3903. ACCESSIBILITY AND BALLOT VERIFICATION FOR 
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (3) of section 301(a) 
of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21081(a)(3)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(3) ACCESSIBILITY
FOR
INDIVIDUALS
WITH 
DISABILITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The voting system 
shall— 
‘‘(i) be accessible for individuals with 
disabilities, including nonvisual accessi-
bility for the blind and visually impaired, 
in a manner that provides the same oppor-
tunity for access and participation (includ-
ing privacy and independence) as for other 
voters; 
‘‘(ii)(I) ensure that individuals with 
disabilities and others are given an equiva-
lent opportunity to vote, including with pri-
vacy and independence, in a manner that 
produces a voter-verifiable paper ballot; 
and 
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328 
‘‘(II) satisfy the requirement of clause 
(i) through the use at in-person polling lo-
cations of a sufficient number (not less 
than one) of voting systems equipped to 
serve individuals with and without disabil-
ities, including nonvisual and enhanced vis-
ual accessibility for the blind and visually 
impaired, and nonmanual and enhanced 
manual accessibility for the mobility and 
dexterity impaired; and 
‘‘(iii) if purchased with funds made 
available under title II on or after January 
1, 2007, meet the voting system standards 
for disability access (as outlined in this 
paragraph). 
‘‘(B) MEANS
OF
MEETING
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—A voting system may meet the re-
quirements of subparagraph (A)(i) and para-
graph (2) by— 
‘‘(i) allowing the voter to privately 
and independently verify the permanent 
paper ballot through the presentation, in 
accessible form, of the printed or marked 
vote selections from the same printed or 
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329 
marked information that would be used for 
any vote tabulation or auditing; 
‘‘(ii) allowing the voter to privately 
and independently verify and cast the per-
manent paper ballot without requiring the 
voter to manually handle the paper ballot; 
‘‘(iii) marking ballots that are iden-
tical in size, ink, and paper stock to those 
ballots that would either be marked by 
hand or be marked by a ballot marking de-
vice made generally available to voters; or 
‘‘(iv) combining ballots produced by 
any ballot marking devices reserved for in-
dividuals with disabilities with ballots that 
have either been marked by voters by hand 
or marked by ballot marking devices made 
generally available to voters, in a way that 
prevents identification of the ballots that 
were cast using any ballot marking device 
that was reserved for individuals with dis-
abilities. 
‘‘(C) SUFFICIENT NUMBER.—For purposes 
of subparagraph (A)(ii)(II), the sufficient num-
ber of voting systems for any in-person polling 
location shall be determined based on guidance 
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from the Attorney General, in consultation with 
the Architectural and Transportation Barriers 
Compliance Board established under section 
502(a)(1) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 
U.S.C. 792(a)(1)) (commonly referred to as the 
United States Access Board) and the Commis-
sion.’’. 
(b) SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT OF STUDY, TESTING, 
AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACCESSIBLE VOTING OPTIONS.— 
(1) STUDY
AND
REPORTING.—Subtitle C of 
title II of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating section 247 as section 
248; and 
(B) by inserting after section 246 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 247. STUDY AND REPORT ON ACCESSIBLE VOTING 
OPTIONS. 
‘‘(a) GRANTS TO STUDY AND REPORT.—The Com-
mission, in coordination with the Access Board and the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, shall 
make grants to not fewer than 2 eligible entities to study, 
test, and develop— 
‘‘(1) accessible and secure remote voting sys-
tems; 
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331 
‘‘(2) voting, verification, and casting devices to 
enhance the accessibility of voting and verification 
for individuals with disabilities; or 
‘‘(3) both of the matters described in paragraph 
(1) and (2). 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.—An entity is eligible to receive a 
grant under this part if it submits to the Commission (at 
such time and in such form as the Commission may re-
quire) an application containing— 
‘‘(1) a certification that the entity shall com-
plete the activities carried out with the grant not 
later than January 1, 2026; and 
‘‘(2) such other information and certifications 
as the Commission may require. 
‘‘(c) AVAILABILITY
OF TECHNOLOGY.—Any tech-
nology developed with the grants made under this section 
shall be treated as non-proprietary and shall be made 
available to the public, including to manufacturers of vot-
ing systems. 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION WITH GRANTS
FOR TECH-
NOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.—The Commission shall carry 
out this section so that the activities carried out with the 
grants made under subsection (a) are coordinated with the 
research conducted under the grant program carried out 
by the Commission under section 271, to the extent that 
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the Commission determine necessary to provide for the ad-
vancement of accessible voting technology. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection 
(a) $10,000,000, to remain available until expended.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended— 
(A) by redesignating the item relating to 
section 247 as relating to section 248; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 246 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 247. Study and report on accessible voting options.’’. 
(c) CLARIFICATION OF ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS 
UNDER VOLUNTARY VOTING SYSTEM GUIDANCE.—In 
adopting any voluntary guidance under subtitle B of title 
III of the Help America Vote Act with respect to the ac-
cessibility of the paper ballot verification requirements for 
individuals with disabilities, the Election Assistance Com-
mission shall include and apply the same accessibility 
standards applicable under the voluntary guidance adopt-
ed for accessible voting systems under such subtitle. 
(d) PERMITTING USE OF FUNDS FOR PROTECTION 
AND ADVOCACY SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT ACTIONS TO EN-
FORCE ELECTION-RELATED DISABILITY ACCESS.—Sec-
tion 292(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
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U.S.C. 21062(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘; except that’’ 
and all that follows and inserting a period. 
SEC. 3904. DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIREMENTS 
FOR BALLOTS. 
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(A) DURABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
PAPER BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—All voter-verifiable 
paper ballots required to be used under 
this Act shall be marked or printed on du-
rable paper. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—For purposes of 
this Act, paper is ‘durable’ if it is capable 
of withstanding multiple counts and re-
counts by hand without compromising the 
fundamental integrity of the ballots, and 
capable 
of 
retaining 
the 
information 
marked or printed on them for the full du-
ration of a retention and preservation pe-
riod of 22 months. 
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334 
‘‘(B) READABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
PAPER BALLOTS MARKED BY BALLOT MARKING 
DEVICE.—All voter-verifiable paper ballots com-
pleted by the voter through the use of a ballot 
marking device shall be clearly readable by the 
voter without assistance (other than eyeglasses 
or other personal vision-enhancing devices) and 
by a ballot tabulation device or other device 
equipped for individuals with disabilities.’’. 
SEC. 3905. STUDY AND REPORT ON OPTIMAL BALLOT DE-
SIGN. 
(a) STUDY.—The Election Assistance Commission 
shall conduct a study of the best ways to design ballots 
used in elections for public office, including paper ballots 
and electronic or digital ballots, to minimize confusion and 
user errors. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assistance Com-
mission shall submit to Congress a report on the study 
conducted under subsection (a). 
SEC. 3906. BALLOT MARKING DEVICE CYBERSECURITY RE-
QUIREMENTS. 
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(a)), as amended by section 3904, is fur-
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ther amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graphs: 
‘‘(8) PROHIBITION OF USE OF WIRELESS COM-
MUNICATIONS DEVICES IN SYSTEMS OR DEVICES.— 
No system or device upon which ballot marking de-
vices or ballot tabulation devices are configured, 
upon which ballots are marked by voters at a polling 
place (except as necessary for individuals with dis-
abilities to use ballot marking devices that meet the 
accessibility requirements of paragraph (3)), or upon 
which votes are cast, tabulated, or aggregated shall 
contain, use, or be accessible by any wireless, power- 
line, or concealed communication device. 
‘‘(9) PROHIBITING CONNECTION OF SYSTEM TO 
THE INTERNET.—No system or device upon which 
ballot marking devices or ballot tabulation devices 
are configured, upon which ballots are marked by 
voters at a voting place, or upon which votes are 
cast, tabulated, or aggregated shall be connected to 
the internet or any non-local computer system via 
telephone or other communication network at any 
time.’’. 
SEC. 3907. EFFECTIVE DATE FOR NEW REQUIREMENTS. 
Section 301(d) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(d)) is amended to read as follows: 
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‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), each State and jurisdiction shall be re-
quired to comply with the requirements of this sec-
tion on and after January 1, 2006. 
‘‘(2) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
CERTAIN
REQUIRE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraphs (B) and (C), the requirements of 
this section which are first imposed on a State 
or jurisdiction pursuant to the amendments 
made by the Voter Confidence and Increased 
Accessibility Act of 2023 shall apply with re-
spect to voting systems used for any election for 
Federal office held in 2024 or any succeeding 
year. 
‘‘(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR JURISDICTIONS 
USING CERTAIN PAPER RECORD PRINTERS OR 
CERTAIN
SYSTEMS
USING
OR
PRODUCING 
VOTER-VERIFIABLE PAPER RECORDS IN 2022.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a 
jurisdiction described in clause (ii), the re-
quirements of paragraphs (2)(A)(i) and (7) 
of subsection (a) (as amended or added by 
the Voter Confidence and Increased Acces-
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sibility Act of 2023) shall not apply before 
the date on which the jurisdiction replaces 
the printers or systems described in clause 
(ii)(I) for use in the administration of elec-
tions for Federal office. 
‘‘(ii) JURISDICTIONS
DESCRIBED.—A 
jurisdiction described in this clause is a ju-
risdiction— 
‘‘(I) which used voter-verifiable 
paper record printers attached to di-
rect recording electronic voting ma-
chines, or which used other voting 
systems that used or produced paper 
records of the vote verifiable by voters 
but that are not in compliance with 
paragraphs (2)(A)(i) and (7) of sub-
section (a) (as amended or added by 
the Voter Confidence and Increased 
Accessibility Act of 2023), for the ad-
ministration of the regularly sched-
uled general election for Federal office 
held in November 2022; and 
‘‘(II) which will continue to use 
such printers or systems for the ad-
ministration of elections for Federal 
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338 
office held in years before the applica-
ble year. 
‘‘(iii) MANDATORY
AVAILABILITY
OF 
PAPER
BALLOTS
AT
POLLING
PLACES 
USING
GRANDFATHERED
PRINTERS
AND 
SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(I) REQUIRING BALLOTS TO BE 
OFFERED
AND
PROVIDED.—The ap-
propriate election official at each poll-
ing place that uses a printer or sys-
tem described in clause (ii)(I) for the 
administration of elections for Federal 
office shall offer each individual who 
is eligible to cast a vote in the election 
at the polling place the opportunity to 
cast the vote using a blank printed 
paper ballot which the individual may 
mark by hand and which is not pro-
duced by the direct recording elec-
tronic voting machine or other such 
system. The official shall provide the 
individual with the ballot and the sup-
plies necessary to mark the ballot, and 
shall ensure (to the greatest extent 
practicable) that the waiting period 
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for the individual to cast a vote is the 
lesser of 30 minutes or the average 
waiting period for an individual who 
does not agree to cast the vote using 
such a paper ballot under this clause. 
‘‘(II) TREATMENT OF BALLOT.— 
Any paper ballot which is cast by an 
individual under this clause shall be 
counted and otherwise treated as a 
regular ballot for all purposes (includ-
ing by incorporating it into the final 
unofficial vote count (as defined by 
the State) for the precinct) and not as 
a provisional ballot, unless the indi-
vidual casting the ballot would have 
otherwise been required to cast a pro-
visional ballot. 
‘‘(III) POSTING
OF
NOTICE.— 
The appropriate election official shall 
ensure there is prominently displayed 
at each polling place a notice that de-
scribes the obligation of the official to 
offer individuals the opportunity to 
cast votes using a printed blank paper 
ballot. The notice shall comply with 
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340 
the requirements of section 203 of the 
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10503). 
‘‘(IV) TRAINING
OF
ELECTION 
OFFICIALS.—The chief State election 
official shall ensure that election offi-
cials at polling places in the State are 
aware of the requirements of this 
clause, including the requirement to 
display a notice under subclause (III), 
and are aware that it is a violation of 
the requirements of this title for an 
election official to fail to offer an indi-
vidual the opportunity to cast a vote 
using a blank printed paper ballot. 
‘‘(V) 
PERIOD
OF
APPLICA-
BILITY.—The requirements of this 
clause apply only during the period 
beginning on January 1, 2024, and 
ending on the date on which the juris-
diction replaces the printers or sys-
tems described in clause (ii)(I) for use 
in the administration of elections for 
Federal office. 
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341 
‘‘(C) DELAY FOR CERTAIN JURISDICTIONS 
USING VOTING SYSTEMS WITH WIRELESS COM-
MUNICATION DEVICES OR INTERNET CONNEC-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(i) DELAY.—In the case of a juris-
diction described in clause (ii), subpara-
graph (A) shall apply to a voting system in 
the jurisdiction as if the reference in such 
subparagraph to ‘2024’ were a reference to 
‘the applicable year’, but only with respect 
to the following requirements of this sec-
tion: 
‘‘(I) Paragraph (8) of subsection 
(a) (relating to prohibition of wireless 
communication devices). 
‘‘(II) Paragraph (9) of subsection 
(a) (relating to prohibition of con-
necting systems to the internet). 
‘‘(ii) JURISDICTIONS
DESCRIBED.—A 
jurisdiction described in this clause is a ju-
risdiction— 
‘‘(I) which used a voting system 
which is not in compliance with para-
graphs (8) or (9) of subsection (a) (as 
amended or added by the Voter Con-
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342 
fidence and Increased Accessibility 
Act of 2023) for the administration of 
the regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office held in Novem-
ber 2022; 
‘‘(II) which was not able, to all 
extent practicable, to comply with 
paragraph (8) and (9) of subsection 
(a) before January 1, 2024; and 
‘‘(III) which will continue to use 
such printers or systems for the ad-
ministration of elections for Federal 
office held in years before the applica-
ble year. 
‘‘(iii) APPLICABLE YEAR.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Except as 
provided in subclause (II), the term 
‘applicable year’ means 2028. 
‘‘(II) EXTENSION.—If a State or 
jurisdiction certifies to the Commis-
sion not later than January 1, 2028, 
that the State or jurisdiction will not 
meet the requirements described in 
subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (i) by 
such date because it would be imprac-
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343 
tical to do so and includes in the cer-
tification the reasons for the failure to 
meet the deadline, the term ‘applica-
ble year’ means 2032.’’. 
SEC. 3908. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER 
BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING 
OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
(a) AVAILABILITY OF GRANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle D of title II of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001 
et seq.), as amended by section 1302(c), is amended 
by adding at the end the following new part: 
‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT 
PAPER BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CAR-
RYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IM-
PROVEMENTS 
‘‘SEC. 298. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER 
BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING 
OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
‘‘(a) AVAILABILITY AND USE OF GRANT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Commission shall 
make a grant to each eligible State— 
‘‘(A) to replace a voting system— 
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344 
‘‘(i) which does not meet the require-
ments which are first imposed on the State 
pursuant to the amendments made by the 
Voter Confidence and Increased Accessi-
bility Act of 2023 with a voting system 
which— 
‘‘(I) does meet such require-
ments; and 
‘‘(II) in the case of a grand-
fathered voting system (as defined in 
paragraph (2)), is in compliance with 
the most recent voluntary voting sys-
tem guidelines; or 
‘‘(ii) which does meet such require-
ments but which is not in compliance with 
the most recent voluntary voting system 
guidelines with another system which does 
meet such requirements and is in compli-
ance with such guidelines; 
‘‘(B) to carry out voting system security 
improvements described in section 298A with 
respect to the regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office held in November 2024 
and each succeeding election for Federal office; 
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345 
‘‘(C) to implement and model best prac-
tices for ballot design, ballot instructions, and 
the testing of ballots; and 
‘‘(D) to purchase or acquire accessible vot-
ing systems that meet the requirements of 
paragraph (2) and paragraph (3)(A)(i) of sec-
tion 301(a) by the means described in para-
graph (3)(B) of such section. 
‘‘(2) DEFINITION OF GRANDFATHERED VOTING 
SYSTEM.—In this subsection, the term ‘grand-
fathered voting system’ means a voting system that 
is used by a jurisdiction described in subparagraph 
(B)(ii) or (C)(ii) of section 301(d)(2). 
‘‘(b) AMOUNT OF PAYMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amount of payment 
made to an eligible State under this section shall be 
the minimum payment amount described in para-
graph (2) plus the voting age population proportion 
amount described in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(2) MINIMUM PAYMENT AMOUNT.—The min-
imum payment amount described in this paragraph 
is— 
‘‘(A) in the case of any of the several 
States or the District of Columbia, one-half of 
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346 
1 percent of the aggregate amount made avail-
able for payments under this section; and 
‘‘(B) in the case of the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the 
United States Virgin Islands, or the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, one- 
tenth of 1 percent of such aggregate amount. 
‘‘(3) VOTING
AGE
POPULATION
PROPORTION 
AMOUNT.—The voting age population proportion 
amount described in this paragraph is the product 
of— 
‘‘(A) the aggregate amount made available 
for payments under this section minus the total 
of all of the minimum payment amounts deter-
mined under paragraph (2); and 
‘‘(B) the voting age population proportion 
for the State (as defined in paragraph (4)). 
‘‘(4) VOTING
AGE
POPULATION
PROPORTION 
DEFINED.—The term ‘voting age population propor-
tion’ means, with respect to a State, the amount 
equal to the quotient of— 
‘‘(A) the voting age population of the State 
(as reported in the most recent decennial cen-
sus); and 
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347 
‘‘(B) the total voting age population of all 
States (as reported in the most recent decennial 
census). 
‘‘(5) REQUIREMENT
RELATING
TO
PURCHASE 
OF ACCESSIBLE VOTING SYSTEMS.—An eligible State 
shall use not less than 10 percent of funds received 
by the State under this section to purchase acces-
sible 
voting 
systems 
described 
in 
subsection 
(a)(1)(D). 
‘‘SEC. 298A. VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS 
DESCRIBED. 
‘‘(a) PERMITTED USES.—A voting system security 
improvement described in this section is any of the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) The acquisition of goods and services from 
qualified election infrastructure vendors by purchase, 
lease, or such other arrangements as may be appro-
priate. 
‘‘(2) Cyber and risk mitigation training. 
‘‘(3) A security risk and vulnerability assess-
ment of the State’s election infrastructure (as de-
fined in section 3908(b) of the Voter Confidence and 
Increased Accessibility Act of 2023) which is carried 
out by a provider of cybersecurity services under a 
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348 
contract entered into between the chief State elec-
tion official and the provider. 
‘‘(4) The maintenance of infrastructure used 
for 
elections, 
including 
addressing 
risks 
and 
vulnerabilities which are identified under either of 
the security risk and vulnerability assessments de-
scribed in paragraph (3), except that none of the 
funds provided under this part may be used to ren-
ovate or replace a building or facility which is not 
a primary provider of information technology serv-
ices for the administration of elections, and which is 
used primarily for purposes other than the adminis-
tration of elections for public office. 
‘‘(5) Providing increased technical support for 
any information technology infrastructure that the 
chief State election official deems to be part of the 
State’s election infrastructure (as so defined) or des-
ignates as critical to the operation of the State’s 
election infrastructure (as so defined). 
‘‘(6) Enhancing the cybersecurity and oper-
ations of the information technology infrastructure 
described in paragraph (4). 
‘‘(7) Enhancing the cybersecurity of voter reg-
istration systems. 
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349 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED ELECTION INFRASTRUCTURE VEN-
DORS DESCRIBED.—For purposes of this part, a ‘qualified 
election infrastructure vendor’ is any person who provides, 
supports, or maintains, or who seeks to provide, support, 
or maintain, election infrastructure (as defined in section 
3908(b) of the Voter Confidence and Increased Accessi-
bility Act of 2023) on behalf of a State, unit of local gov-
ernment, or election agency (as defined in section 3908(b) 
of such Act) who meets the criteria described in section 
3908(b) of such Act. 
‘‘SEC. 298B. ELIGIBILITY OF STATES. 
‘‘A State is eligible to receive a grant under this part 
if the State submits to the Commission, at such time and 
in such form as the Commission may require, an applica-
tion containing— 
‘‘(1) a description of how the State will use the 
grant to carry out the activities authorized under 
this part; 
‘‘(2) a certification and assurance that, not 
later than 5 years after receiving the grant, the 
State will carry out voting system security improve-
ments, as described in section 298A; and 
‘‘(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
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350 
‘‘SEC. 298C. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
‘‘Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal 
year, the Commission shall submit a report to the Com-
mittees on Homeland Security, House Administration, and 
the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the 
Committees on Homeland Security and Governmental Af-
fairs, the Judiciary, and Rules and Administration of the 
Senate, on the activities carried out with the funds pro-
vided under this part. 
‘‘SEC. 298D. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated for grants under this part— 
‘‘(1) $2,400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(2) $175,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2026, 2028, 2030, and 2032. 
‘‘(b) CONTINUING AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Any 
amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of 
this section shall remain available until expended.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act, as amended by section 1402(c), 
is amended by adding at the end of the items relat-
ing to subtitle D of title II the following: 
‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER BALLOT VOTING 
SYSTEMS AND CARRYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 298. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and 
carrying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘Sec. 298A. Voting system security improvements described. 
‘‘Sec. 298B. Eligibility of States. 
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351 
‘‘Sec. 298C. Reports to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 298D. Authorization of appropriations. 
(b) QUALIFIED ELECTION INFRASTRUCTURE VEN-
DORS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Chair, shall establish and publish cri-
teria for qualified election infrastructure vendors for 
purposes of section 298A of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002 (as added by this Act). 
(2) CRITERIA.—The criteria established under 
paragraph (1) shall include each of the following re-
quirements: 
(A) The vendor shall— 
(i) be owned and controlled by a cit-
izen or permanent resident of the United 
States or a member of the Five Eyes intel-
ligence-sharing alliance; and 
(ii) in the case of any election infra-
structure which is a voting machine, en-
sure that such voting machine is assembled 
in the United States. 
(B) The vendor shall disclose to the Sec-
retary and the Chair, and to the chief State 
election official of any State to which the ven-
dor provides any goods and services with funds 
provided under part 8 of subtitle D of title II 
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352 
of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (as 
added by this Act), of any sourcing outside the 
United States for parts of the election infra-
structure. 
(C) The vendor shall disclose to the Sec-
retary and the Chair, and to the chief State 
election official of any State to which the ven-
dor provides any goods and services with funds 
provided under such part 8, the identification of 
any entity or individual with a more than 5 per-
cent ownership interest in the vendor. 
(D) The vendor agrees to ensure that the 
election infrastructure will be developed and 
maintained in a manner that is consistent with 
the cybersecurity best practices issued by the 
Cybersecurity 
and 
Infrastructure 
Security 
Agency of the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity. 
(E) The vendor agrees to maintain its in-
formation technology infrastructure in a man-
ner that is consistent with the cybersecurity 
best practices issued by the Cybersecurity and 
Infrastructure Security Agency of the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security. 
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353 
(F) The vendor agrees to ensure that the 
election infrastructure will be developed and 
maintained in a manner that is consistent with 
the supply chain best practices issued by the 
Cybersecurity 
and 
Infrastructure 
Security 
Agency of the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity. 
(G) The vendor agrees to ensure that it 
has personnel policies and practices in place 
that are consistent with personnel best prac-
tices, including cybersecurity training and back-
ground checks, issued by the Cybersecurity and 
Infrastructure Security Agency of the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security. 
(H) The vendor agrees to ensure that the 
election infrastructure will be developed and 
maintained in a manner that is consistent with 
data integrity best practices, including require-
ments for encrypted transfers and validation, 
testing and checking printed materials for accu-
racy, and disclosure of quality control incidents, 
issued by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure 
Security Agency of the Department of Home-
land Security. 
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354 
(I) The vendor agrees to meet the require-
ments of paragraph (3) with respect to any 
known or suspected cybersecurity incidents in-
volving any of the goods and services provided 
by the vendor pursuant to a grant under part 
8 of subtitle D of title II of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (as added by this Act). 
(J) The vendor agrees to permit inde-
pendent security testing by the Election Assist-
ance Commission (in accordance with section 
231(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20971)) and by the Secretary of the 
goods and services provided by the vendor pur-
suant to a grant under part 8 of subtitle D of 
title II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(as added by this Act). 
(3) CYBERSECURITY INCIDENT REPORTING RE-
QUIREMENTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A vendor meets the re-
quirements of this paragraph if, upon becoming 
aware of the possibility that an election cyberse-
curity incident has occurred involving any of 
the goods and services provided by the vendor 
pursuant to a grant under part 8 of subtitle D 
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356 
(B) CONTENTS OF NOTIFICATIONS.—Each 
notification submitted under clause (i) or clause 
(ii) of subparagraph (A) shall contain the fol-
lowing information with respect to any election 
cybersecurity incident covered by the notifica-
tion: 
(i) The date, time, and time zone 
when the election cybersecurity incident 
began, if known. 
(ii) The date, time, and time zone 
when the election cybersecurity incident 
was detected. 
(iii) The date, time, and duration of 
the election cybersecurity incident. 
(iv) The circumstances of the election 
cybersecurity incident, including the spe-
cific election infrastructure systems be-
lieved to have been accessed and informa-
tion acquired, if any. 
(v) Any planned and implemented 
technical measures to respond to and re-
cover from the incident. 
(vi) In the case of any notification 
which is an update to a prior notification, 
any additional material information relat-
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357 
ing to the incident, including technical 
data, as it becomes available. 
(C) DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR RE-
PORTING.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Director of the 
Cybersecurity 
and 
Infrastructure 
Security 
Agency shall, in consultation with the Election 
Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Council, de-
velop criteria for incidents which are required to 
be reported in accordance with subparagraph 
(A). 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) CHAIR.—The term ‘‘Chair’’ means the 
Chair of the Election Assistance Commission. 
(B) CHIEF STATE ELECTION OFFICIAL.— 
The term ‘‘chief State election official’’ means, 
with respect to a State, the individual des-
ignated by the State under section 10 of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 
U.S.C. 20509) to be responsible for coordina-
tion of the State’s responsibilities under such 
Act. 
(C) ELECTION AGENCY.—The term ‘‘elec-
tion agency’’ means any component of a State, 
or any component of a unit of local government 
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358 
in a State, which is responsible for the adminis-
tration of elections for Federal office in the 
State. 
(D) ELECTION
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The 
term ‘‘election infrastructure’’ means storage 
facilities, polling places, and centralized vote 
tabulation locations used to support the admin-
istration of elections for public office, as well as 
related information and communications tech-
nology, including voter registration databases, 
voting machines, electronic mail and other com-
munications systems (including electronic mail 
and other systems of vendors who have entered 
into contracts with election agencies to support 
the administration of elections, manage the 
election process, and report and display election 
results), and other systems used to manage the 
election process and to report and display elec-
tion results on behalf of an election agency. 
(E) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Homeland Security. 
(F) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 901 of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21141). 
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359 
Subtitle K—Provisional Ballots 
SEC. 3911. REQUIREMENTS FOR COUNTING PROVISIONAL 
BALLOTS; ESTABLISHMENT OF UNIFORM AND 
NONDISCRIMINATORY STANDARDS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 302 of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082), as amended by sec-
tion 1601(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as sub-
section (h); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing new subsections: 
‘‘(e) COUNTING OF PROVISIONAL BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) For purposes of subsection (a)(4), if 
a provisional ballot is cast within the same 
county in which the voter is registered or other-
wise eligible to vote, then notwithstanding the 
precinct or polling place at which a provisional 
ballot is cast within the county, the appropriate 
election official of the jurisdiction in which the 
individual is registered or otherwise eligible to 
vote shall count each vote on such ballot for 
each election in which the individual who cast 
such ballot is eligible to vote. 
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360 
‘‘(B) In addition to the requirements under 
subsection (a), for each State or political sub-
division that provides voters provisional ballots, 
challenge ballots, or affidavit ballots under the 
State’s applicable law governing the voting 
processes for those voters whose eligibility to 
vote is determined to be uncertain by election 
officials, election officials shall— 
‘‘(i) provide clear written instructions 
indicating the reason the voter was given a 
provisional ballot, the information or docu-
ments the voter needs to prove eligibility, 
the location at which the voter must ap-
pear to submit these materials or alter-
native methods, including email or fac-
simile, that the voter may use to submit 
these materials, and the deadline for sub-
mitting these materials; 
‘‘(ii) provide a verbal translation of 
any written instructions to the voter if nec-
essary; 
‘‘(iii) permit any voter who votes pro-
visionally at any polling place on Indian 
lands to appear at any polling place or at 
a central location for the election board to 
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361 
submit the documentation or information 
to prove eligibility; and 
‘‘(iv) notify the voter as to whether 
the voter’s provisional ballot was counted 
or rejected and provide the reason for re-
jection if the voter’s provisional ballot was 
rejected after the voter provided the re-
quired information or documentation on 
eligibility. 
‘‘(2) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection shall prohibit a State or jurisdiction 
from counting a provisional ballot which is cast in 
a different county within the State than the county 
in which the voter is registered or otherwise eligible 
to vote. 
‘‘(f) DUE PROCESS REQUIREMENTS FOR STATES RE-
QUIRING SIGNATURE VERIFICATION.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A State may not im-
pose a signature verification requirement as a 
condition of accepting and counting a provi-
sional ballot submitted by any individual with 
respect to an election for Federal office unless 
the State meets the due process requirements 
described in paragraph (2). 
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362 
‘‘(B) SIGNATURE VERIFICATION REQUIRE-
MENT DESCRIBED.—In this subsection, a ‘sig-
nature verification requirement’ is a require-
ment that an election official verify the identi-
fication of an individual by comparing the indi-
vidual’s signature on the provisional ballot with 
the individual’s signature on the official list of 
registered voters in the State or another official 
record or other document used by the State to 
verify the signatures of voters. 
‘‘(2) DUE PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE 
DISCREPANCY
IN
SIGNATURES.—If an indi-
vidual submits a provisional ballot and the ap-
propriate State or local election official deter-
mines that a discrepancy exists between the sig-
nature on such ballot and the signature of such 
individual on the official list of registered voters 
in the State or other official record or document 
used by the State to verify the signatures of 
voters, such election official, prior to making a 
final determination as to the validity of such 
ballot, shall— 
‘‘(i) as soon as practical, but no later 
than the next business day after such de-
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363 
termination is made, make a good faith ef-
fort to notify the individual by mail, tele-
phone, and (if available) text message and 
electronic mail that— 
‘‘(I) a discrepancy exists between 
the signature on such ballot and the 
signature of the individual on the offi-
cial list of registered voters in the 
State or other official record or docu-
ment used by the State to verify the 
signatures of voters; and 
‘‘(II) if such discrepancy is not 
cured prior to the expiration of the 
third day following the State’s dead-
line for receiving mail-in ballots or ab-
sentee ballots, such ballot will not be 
counted; and 
‘‘(ii) cure such discrepancy and count 
the ballot if, prior to the expiration of the 
third day following the State’s deadline for 
receiving mail-in ballots or absentee bal-
lots, the individual provides the official 
with information to cure such discrepancy, 
either in person, by telephone, or by elec-
tronic methods. 
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364 
‘‘(B) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE 
MISSING SIGNATURE OR OTHER DEFECT.—If an 
individual submits a provisional ballot without a 
signature or submits a provisional ballot with 
another defect which, if left uncured, would 
cause the ballot to not be counted, the appro-
priate State or local election official, prior to 
making a final determination as to the validity 
of the ballot, shall— 
‘‘(i) as soon as practical, but no later 
than the next business day after such de-
termination is made, make a good faith ef-
fort to notify the individual by mail, tele-
phone, and (if available) text message and 
electronic mail that— 
‘‘(I) the ballot did not include a 
signature or has some other defect; 
and 
‘‘(II) if the individual does not 
provide the missing signature or cure 
the other defect prior to the expira-
tion of the third day following the 
State’s deadline for receiving mail-in 
ballots or absentee ballots, such ballot 
will not be counted; and 
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365 
‘‘(ii) count the ballot if, prior to the 
expiration of the third day following the 
State’s deadline for receiving mail-in bal-
lots or absentee ballots, the individual pro-
vides the official with the missing signa-
ture on a form proscribed by the State or 
cures the other defect. 
‘‘(C) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—An election official 
may not make a determination that a dis-
crepancy exists between the signature on a 
provisional ballot and the signature of the 
individual on the official list of registered 
voters in the State or other official record 
or other document used by the State to 
verify the signatures of voters unless— 
‘‘(I) at least 2 election officials 
make the determination; 
‘‘(II) each official who makes the 
determination has received training in 
procedures used to verify signatures; 
and 
‘‘(III) of the officials who make 
the determination, at least one is af-
filiated with the political party whose 
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366 
candidate received the most votes in 
the most recent statewide election for 
Federal office held in the State and at 
least one is affiliated with the political 
party whose candidate received the 
second most votes in the most recent 
statewide election for Federal office 
held in the State. 
‘‘(ii) 
EXCEPTION.—Clause 
(i)(III) 
shall not apply to any State in which, 
under a law that is in effect continuously 
on and after the date of enactment of this 
section, determinations regarding signature 
discrepancies are made by election officials 
who are not affiliated with a political 
party. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 
days after the end of a Federal election cycle, 
each chief State election official shall submit to 
the Commission a report containing the fol-
lowing information for the applicable Federal 
election cycle in the State: 
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367 
‘‘(i) The number of provisional ballots 
invalidated due to a discrepancy under this 
subsection. 
‘‘(ii) Description of attempts to con-
tact voters to provide notice as required by 
this subsection. 
‘‘(iii) Description of the cure process 
developed by such State pursuant to this 
subsection, including the number of provi-
sional ballots determined valid as a result 
of such process. 
‘‘(B) SUBMISSION
TO
CONGRESS.—Not 
later than 10 days after receiving a report 
under subparagraph (A), the Commission shall 
transmit such report to Congress. 
‘‘(C) FEDERAL
ELECTION
CYCLE
DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this subsection, the 
term ‘Federal election cycle’ means, with re-
spect to any regularly scheduled election for 
Federal office, the period beginning on the day 
after the date of the preceding regularly sched-
uled general election for Federal office and end-
ing on the date of such regularly scheduled gen-
eral election. 
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