I 
119TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7209 
To create an administrative subpoena process to assist copyright owners 
in determining which of their copyrighted works have been used in 
the training of artificial intelligence models. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 22, 2026 
Ms. DEAN of Pennsylvania (for herself and Mr. MORAN) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To create an administrative subpoena process to assist copy-
right owners in determining which of their copyrighted 
works have been used in the training of artificial intel-
ligence models. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Transparency and Re-
sponsibility for Artificial Intelligence Networks Act’’ or 
the ‘‘TRAIN Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. SUBPOENA FOR COPIES OR RECORDS RELATING TO 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODELS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 5 of title 17, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 514. Subpoena for copies or records relating to ar-
tificial intelligence models 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.—The term 
‘artificial intelligence’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intel-
ligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401). 
‘‘(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MODEL.—The 
term ‘artificial intelligence model’ means a compo-
nent of an information system that implements arti-
ficial intelligence technology and uses computational, 
statistical, 
or 
machine-learning 
techniques 
to 
produce outputs from a given set of inputs. 
‘‘(3) DEVELOPER.—The term ‘developer’— 
‘‘(A) means a person or State or local gov-
ernment agency that— 
‘‘(i) designs, codes, produces, owns, or 
substantially modifies a generative artifi-
cial intelligence model for use by— 
‘‘(I) the person or State or local 
government agency; or 
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‘‘(II) a third party; and 
‘‘(ii) engages in or supervises, includ-
ing as a third party training dataset cura-
tor— 
‘‘(I) the curation of the training 
dataset of the artificial intelligence 
model; or 
‘‘(II) the use of the training 
dataset to train the artificial intel-
ligence model; and 
‘‘(B) does not include a noncommercial end 
user of a generative artificial intelligence model. 
‘‘(4) GENERATIVE
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE 
MODEL.—The term ‘generative artificial intelligence 
model’— 
‘‘(A) means an artificial intelligence model 
that emulates the structure and characteristics 
of input data in order to generate derived syn-
thetic content, which may include images, vid-
eos, audio, text, and other digital content; and 
‘‘(B) includes any subsequent variation on 
an artificial intelligence model described in sub-
paragraph (A), even if created by a third party. 
‘‘(5) SUBSTANTIALLY MODIFY.—The term ‘sub-
stantially modify’, with respect to a generative artifi-
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cial intelligence model, means to take 1 or more ac-
tions leading to a new version of, new release of, or 
other update to the generative artificial intelligence 
model that materially changes the functionality or 
performance of the generative artificial intelligence 
model, including by retraining or fine tuning the 
generative artificial intelligence model. 
‘‘(6) TRAINING MATERIAL.—The term ‘training 
material’ means individual works or components 
thereof used for the purpose of training a generative 
artificial intelligence model, including a combination 
of text, images, audio, or other categories of expres-
sive materials, as well as annotations describing the 
material. 
‘‘(b) REQUEST.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The legal or beneficial 
owner of an exclusive right under a copyright, or a 
person authorized to act on the owner’s behalf, may 
request the clerk of any United States district court 
to issue a subpoena to a developer for disclosure of 
copies of, or records sufficient to identify with cer-
tainty, the copyrighted works, or any portion there-
of, likely owned or controlled by the legal or bene-
ficial owner that were used by the developer to train 
the generative artificial intelligence model, if the 
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legal or beneficial owner or authorized person has a 
subjective good faith belief that the developer used 
some or all of 1 or more such copyrighted works to 
train the generative artificial intelligence model. 
‘‘(2) SUBPOENA LIMITED TO REQUESTER’S OWN 
COPYRIGHTED
WORK.—Nothing in paragraph (1) 
shall be construed to authorize a legal or beneficial 
owner of an exclusive right under a copyright, or a 
person authorized to act on the owner’s behalf, to 
request a subpoena for disclosure of copies of, or 
records sufficient to identify with certainty, copy-
righted works likely owned or controlled by any per-
son other than the legal or beneficial owner. 
‘‘(c) CONTENTS OF REQUEST.—A request under sub-
section (b) may be made by filing with the clerk— 
‘‘(1) a proposed subpoena; and 
‘‘(2) a sworn declaration to the effect that— 
‘‘(A) the legal or beneficial owner or au-
thorized person has a subjective good faith be-
lief that the developer used some or all of 1 or 
more of the copyrighted works owned or con-
trolled by the legal or beneficial owner to train 
the generative artificial intelligence model; 
‘‘(B) the purpose for which the subpoena is 
sought is to obtain copies of the training mate-
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rial, or records sufficient to identify with cer-
tainty the training material, used to train the 
generative artificial intelligence model in order 
to determine whether the developer has used 
copyrighted works owned or controlled by the 
legal or beneficial owner in connection with the 
generative artificial intelligence model; and 
‘‘(C) the copies or records will only be used 
for the purpose of protecting the rights of the 
legal or beneficial owner. 
‘‘(d) CONTENTS OF SUBPOENA.—A subpoena issued 
pursuant to a request under subsection (b) shall authorize 
and order the developer receiving the subpoena to expedi-
tiously disclose to the legal or beneficial owner or author-
ized person all records described in that subsection. 
‘‘(e) BASIS FOR GRANTING SUBPOENA.—If a pro-
posed subpoena described in subsection (c)(1) is in proper 
form, and the accompanying declaration described in sub-
section (c)(2) is properly executed, the clerk shall expedi-
tiously issue and sign the proposed subpoena and return 
it to the requester for delivery to the developer. 
‘‘(f) ACTIONS
OF DEVELOPER RECEIVING SUB-
POENA.—Upon receipt of a subpoena issued under sub-
section (e), a developer shall expeditiously disclose to the 
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legal or beneficial owner or authorized person the copies 
or records requested by the subpoena. 
‘‘(g) DUTY OF CONFIDENTIALITY.—A legal or bene-
ficial owner or authorized person who receives copies or 
records from a developer under this section may not dis-
close the copies or records to any other person without 
proper authorization or consent. 
‘‘(h) RULES APPLICABLE
TO SUBPOENA.—Unless 
otherwise provided by this section or by applicable rules 
of the court, the procedure for issuance and delivery of 
a subpoena issued under subsection (e), and the remedies 
for noncompliance with the subpoena, shall be governed 
to the greatest extent practicable by the provisions of the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governing the issuance, 
service, and enforcement of a subpoena duces tecum. 
‘‘(i) REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION.—If a developer 
fails to comply with a subpoena issued under subsection 
(e), that failure shall provide a rebuttable presumption 
that the developer made copies of the copyrighted work. 
‘‘(j) SANCTIONS FOR BAD FAITH SUBPOENA RE-
QUEST.— 
‘‘(1) MOTION.—If the legal or beneficial owner 
of an exclusive right under a copyright, or a person 
authorized to act on the owner’s behalf, requests a 
subpoena under subsection (b) in bad faith, the 
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court that issued the subpoena, upon motion of the 
recipient of the subpoena, may impose sanctions on 
the legal or beneficial owner or authorized person. 
‘‘(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—Rule 11(c) of the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure shall apply to sanc-
tions imposed under this subsection in the same 
manner as that rule applies to sanctions imposed for 
a violation of rule 11(b) of those Rules. 
‘‘(k) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take ef-
fect on the date of enactment of this section.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 
The table of sections for chapter 5 of title 17, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘514. Subpoena for copies or records relating to artificial intelligence models.’’. 
Æ 
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