ronmental effects of such courses of action. The Sec-
retary shall only identify a preferred action for such 
leasing and a single leasing alternative, and analyze 
the environmental effects and potential mitigation 
measures for those two alternatives. The identifica-
tion of the preferred action and related analysis for 
the first lease sale under this subtitle shall be com-
pleted within 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act. The Secretary shall only consider public 
comments that specifically address the Secretary’s 
preferred action and that are filed within 20 days 
after publication of an environmental analysis. Not-
withstanding any other law, compliance with this 
paragraph is deemed to satisfy all requirements for 
the analysis and consideration of the environmental 
effects of proposed leasing under this subtitle. 
(d) RELATIONSHIP TO STATE AND LOCAL AUTHOR-
ITY.—Nothing in this subtitle shall be considered to ex-
pand or limit State and local regulatory authority. 
(e) SPECIAL AREAS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary, after con-
sultation with the State of Alaska, the city of 
Kaktovik, and the North Slope Borough, may des-
ignate up to a total of 45,000 acres of the Coastal 
Plain as a Special Area if the Secretary determines 
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that the Special Area is of such unique character 
and interest so as to require special management 
and regulatory protection. The Secretary shall des-
ignate as such a Special Area the Sadlerochit Spring 
area, comprising approximately 4,000 acres. 
(2) MANAGEMENT.—Each such Special Area 
shall be managed so as to protect and preserve the 
area’s unique and diverse character including its 
fish, wildlife, and subsistence resource values. 
(3) EXCLUSION
FROM
LEASING
OR
SURFACE 
OCCUPANCY.—The Secretary may exclude any Spe-
cial Area from leasing. If the Secretary leases a Spe-
cial Area, or any part thereof, for purposes of oil 
and gas exploration, development, production, and 
related activities, there shall be no surface occu-
pancy of the lands comprising the Special Area. 
(4) DIRECTIONAL DRILLING.—Notwithstanding 
the other provisions of this subsection, the Secretary 
may lease all or a portion of a Special Area under 
terms that permit the use of horizontal drilling tech-
nology from sites on leases located outside the Spe-
cial Area. 
(f) LIMITATION
ON
CLOSED
AREAS.—The Sec-
retary’s sole authority to close lands within the Coastal 
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Plain to oil and gas leasing and to exploration, develop-
ment, and production is that set forth in this subtitle. 
(g) REGULATIONS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pre-
scribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry 
out this subtitle, including rules and regulations re-
lating to protection of the fish and wildlife, their 
habitat, subsistence resources, and environment of 
the Coastal Plain, by no later than 15 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act. 
(2) REVISION
OF
REGULATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall periodically review and, if appropriate, 
revise the rules and regulations issued under sub-
section (a) to reflect any significant biological, envi-
ronmental, or engineering data that come to the Sec-
retary’s attention. 
SEC. 424. LEASE SALES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Lands may be leased pursuant to 
this subtitle to any person qualified to obtain a lease for 
deposits of oil and gas under the Mineral Leasing Act (30 
U.S.C. 181 et seq.). 
(b) PROCEDURES.—The Secretary shall, by regula-
tion, establish procedures for— 
(1) receipt and consideration of sealed nomina-
tions for any area in the Coastal Plain for inclusion 
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in, or exclusion (as provided in subsection (c)) from, 
a lease sale; 
(2) the holding of lease sales after such nomina-
tion process; and 
(3) public notice of and comment on designa-
tion of areas to be included in, or excluded from, a 
lease sale. 
(c) LEASE SALE BIDS.—Bidding for leases under 
this subtitle shall be by sealed competitive cash bonus bids. 
(d) ACREAGE MINIMUM IN FIRST SALE.—In the first 
lease sale under this subtitle, the Secretary shall offer for 
lease those tracts the Secretary considers to have the 
greatest potential for the discovery of hydrocarbons, tak-
ing into consideration nominations received pursuant to 
subsection (b)(1), but in no case less than 200,000 acres. 
(e) TIMING
OF
LEASE
SALES.—The Secretary 
shall— 
(1) conduct the first lease sale under this sub-
title within 22 months after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act; and 
(2) conduct additional sales so long as sufficient 
interest in development exists to warrant, in the Sec-
retary’s judgment, the conduct of such sales. 
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SEC. 425. GRANT OF LEASES BY THE SECRETARY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may grant to the 
highest responsible qualified bidder in a lease sale con-
ducted pursuant to section 424 any lands to be leased on 
the Coastal Plain upon payment by the lessee of such 
bonus as may be accepted by the Secretary. 
(b) SUBSEQUENT
TRANSFERS.—No lease issued 
under this subtitle may be sold, exchanged, assigned, sub-
let, or otherwise transferred except with the approval of 
the Secretary. Prior to any such approval the Secretary 
shall consult with, and give due consideration to the views 
of, the Attorney General. 
SEC. 426. LEASE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. 
An oil or gas lease issued pursuant to this subtitle 
shall— 
(1) provide for the payment of a royalty of not 
less than 121⁄2 percent in amount or value of the 
production removed or sold from the lease, as deter-
mined by the Secretary under the regulations appli-
cable to other Federal oil and gas leases; 
(2) require that the lessee of lands within the 
Coastal Plain shall be fully responsible and liable for 
the reclamation of lands within the Coastal Plain 
and any other Federal lands that are adversely af-
fected in connection with exploration, development, 
production, or transportation activities conducted 
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under the lease and within the Coastal Plain by the 
lessee or by any of the subcontractors or agents of 
the lessee; 
(3) provide that the lessee may not delegate or 
convey, by contract or otherwise, the reclamation re-
sponsibility and liability to another person without 
the express written approval of the Secretary; 
(4) provide that the standard of reclamation for 
lands required to be reclaimed under this subtitle 
shall be, as nearly as practicable, a condition capable 
of supporting the uses which the lands were capable 
of supporting prior to any exploration, development, 
or production activities, or upon application by the 
lessee, to a higher or better use as approved by the 
Secretary; 
(5) include requirements and restrictions to 
provide for reasonable protection of fish and wildlife, 
their habitat, subsistence resources, and the environ-
ment as determined by the Secretary; 
(6) prohibit the export of oil produced under 
the lease; and 
(7) contain such other provisions as the Sec-
retary determines necessary to ensure compliance 
with the provisions of this subtitle and the regula-
tions issued under this subtitle. 
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SEC. 427. COASTAL PLAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. 
(a) NO SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE EFFECT STANDARD 
TO GOVERN AUTHORIZED COASTAL PLAIN ACTIVITIES.— 
The Secretary shall, consistent with the requirements of 
section 423, administer the provisions of this subtitle 
through regulations, lease terms, conditions, restrictions, 
prohibitions, stipulations, and other provisions that— 
(1) ensure the oil and gas exploration, develop-
ment, and production activities on the Coastal Plain 
will result in no significant adverse effect on fish 
and wildlife, their habitat, and the environment; 
(2) require the application of the best commer-
cially available technology for oil and gas explo-
ration, development, and production on all new ex-
ploration, development, and production operations; 
and 
(3) ensure that the maximum amount of sur-
face acreage covered by production and support fa-
cilities, including airstrips and any areas covered by 
gravel berms or piers for support of pipelines, does 
not exceed 2,000 acres on the Coastal Plain. 
(b) SITE-SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION.— 
The Secretary shall also require, with respect to any pro-
posed drilling and related activities, that— 
(1) a site-specific analysis be made of the prob-
able effects, if any, that the drilling or related activi-
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ties will have on fish and wildlife, their habitat, sub-
sistence resources, and the environment; 
(2) a plan be implemented to avoid, minimize, 
and mitigate (in that order and to the extent prac-
ticable) any significant adverse effect identified 
under paragraph (1); and 
(3) the development of the plan shall occur 
after consultation with the agency or agencies hav-
ing jurisdiction over matters mitigated by the plan. 
(c) REGULATIONS TO PROTECT COASTAL PLAIN 
FISH AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES, SUBSISTENCE USERS, 
AND THE ENVIRONMENT.—Before implementing the leas-
ing program authorized by this subtitle, the Secretary 
shall prepare and promulgate regulations, lease terms, 
conditions, restrictions, prohibitions, stipulations, and 
other measures designed to ensure that the activities un-
dertaken on the Coastal Plain under this subtitle are con-
ducted in a manner consistent with the purposes and envi-
ronmental requirements of this subtitle. 
(d) COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL AND STATE ENVI-
RONMENTAL LAWS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—The 
proposed regulations, lease terms, conditions, restrictions, 
prohibitions, and stipulations for the leasing program 
under this subtitle shall require compliance with all appli-
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cable provisions of Federal and State environmental law, 
and shall also require the following: 
(1) Standards at least as effective as the safety 
and environmental mitigation measures set forth in 
items 1 through 29 at pages 167 through 169 of the 
‘‘Final Legislative Environmental Impact State-
ment’’ (April 1987) on the Coastal Plain. 
(2) Seasonal limitations on exploration, develop-
ment, and related activities, where necessary, to 
avoid significant adverse effects during periods of 
concentrated fish and wildlife breeding, denning, 
nesting, spawning, and migration. 
(3) Design safety and construction standards 
for all pipelines and any access and service roads, 
that— 
(A) minimize, to the maximum extent pos-
sible, adverse effects upon the passage of mi-
gratory species such as caribou; and 
(B) minimize adverse effects upon the flow 
of surface water by requiring the use of cul-
verts, bridges, and other structural devices. 
(4) Prohibitions on general public access and 
use on all pipeline access and service roads. 
(5) Stringent reclamation and rehabilitation re-
quirements, consistent with the standards set forth 
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in this subtitle, requiring the removal from the 
Coastal Plain of all oil and gas development and 
production facilities, structures, and equipment upon 
completion of oil and gas production operations, ex-
cept that the Secretary may exempt from the re-
quirements of this paragraph those facilities, struc-
tures, or equipment that the Secretary determines 
would assist in the management of the Arctic Na-
tional Wildlife Refuge and that are donated to the 
United States for that purpose. 
(6) Appropriate prohibitions or restrictions on 
access by all modes of transportation. 
(7) Appropriate prohibitions or restrictions on 
sand and gravel extraction. 
(8) Consolidation of facility siting. 
(9) Appropriate prohibitions or restrictions on 
use of explosives. 
(10) Avoidance, to the extent practicable, of 
springs, streams, and river system; the protection of 
natural surface drainage patterns, wetlands, and ri-
parian habitats; and the regulation of methods or 
techniques for developing or transporting adequate 
supplies of water for exploratory drilling. 
(11) Avoidance or minimization of air traffic-re-
lated disturbance to fish and wildlife. 
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(12) Treatment and disposal of hazardous and 
toxic wastes, solid wastes, reserve pit fluids, drilling 
muds and cuttings, and domestic wastewater, includ-
ing an annual waste management report, a haz-
ardous materials tracking system, and a prohibition 
on chlorinated solvents, in accordance with applica-
ble Federal and State environmental law. 
(13) Fuel storage and oil spill contingency plan-
ning. 
(14) Research, monitoring, and reporting re-
quirements. 
(15) Field crew environmental briefings. 
(16) Avoidance of significant adverse effects 
upon subsistence hunting, fishing, and trapping by 
subsistence users. 
(17) Compliance with applicable air and water 
quality standards. 
(18) Appropriate seasonal and safety zone des-
ignations around well sites, within which subsistence 
hunting and trapping shall be limited. 
(19) Reasonable stipulations for protection of 
cultural and archeological resources. 
(20) All other protective environmental stipula-
tions, restrictions, terms, and conditions deemed 
necessary by the Secretary. 
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(e) CONSIDERATIONS.—In preparing and promul-
gating regulations, lease terms, conditions, restrictions, 
prohibitions, and stipulations under this section, the Sec-
retary shall consider the following: 
(1) The stipulations and conditions that govern 
the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska leasing pro-
gram, as set forth in the 1999 Northeast National 
Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Final Integrated Activity 
Plan/Environmental Impact Statement. 
(2) The environmental protection standards 
that governed the initial Coastal Plain seismic explo-
ration program under parts 37.31 to 37.33 of title 
50, Code of Federal Regulations. 
(3) The land use stipulations for exploratory 
drilling on the KIC–ASRC private lands that are set 
forth in Appendix 2 of the August 9, 1983, agree-
ment between Arctic Slope Regional Corporation and 
the United States. 
(f) FACILITY CONSOLIDATION PLANNING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, after 
providing for public notice and comment, prepare 
and update periodically a plan to govern, guide, and 
direct the siting and construction of facilities for the 
exploration, development, production, and transpor-
tation of Coastal Plain oil and gas resources. 
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(2) OBJECTIVES.—The plan shall have the fol-
lowing objectives: 
(A) Avoiding unnecessary duplication of fa-
cilities and activities. 
(B) Encouraging consolidation of common 
facilities and activities. 
(C) Locating or confining facilities and ac-
tivities to areas that will minimize impact on 
fish and wildlife, their habitat, and the environ-
ment. 
(D) Utilizing existing facilities wherever 
practicable. 
(E) Enhancing compatibility between wild-
life values and development activities. 
(g) ACCESS
TO PUBLIC LANDS.—The Secretary 
shall— 
(1) manage public lands in the Coastal Plain 
subject to subsections (a) and (b) of section 811 of 
the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation 
Act (16 U.S.C. 3121); and 
(2) ensure that local residents shall have rea-
sonable access to public lands in the Coastal Plain 
for traditional uses. 
SEC. 428. EXPEDITED JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
(a) FILING OF COMPLAINT.— 
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(1) DEADLINE.—Subject to paragraph (2), any 
complaint seeking judicial review of any provision of 
this Act or any action of the Secretary under this 
subtitle shall be filed— 
(A) except as provided in subparagraph 
(B), within the 90-day period beginning on the 
date of the action being challenged; or 
(B) in the case of a complaint based solely 
on grounds arising after such period, within 90 
days after the complainant knew or reasonably 
should have known of the grounds for the com-
plaint. 
(2) VENUE.—Any complaint seeking judicial re-
view of any provision of this subtitle or any action 
of the Secretary under this subtitle may be filed only 
in the United States Court of Appeals for the Dis-
trict of Columbia. 
(3) LIMITATION
ON
SCOPE
OF
CERTAIN
RE-
VIEW.—Judicial review of a Secretarial decision to 
conduct a lease sale under this subtitle, including 
the environmental analysis thereof, shall be limited 
to whether the Secretary has complied with the 
terms of this subtitle and shall be based upon the 
administrative record of that decision. The Sec-
retary’s identification of a preferred course of action 
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to enable leasing to proceed and the Secretary’s 
analysis of environmental effects under this subtitle 
shall be presumed to be correct unless shown other-
wise by clear and convincing evidence to the con-
trary. 
(b) LIMITATION ON OTHER REVIEW.—Actions of the 
Secretary with respect to which review could have been 
obtained under this section shall not be subject to judicial 
review in any civil or criminal proceeding for enforcement. 
SEC. 429. FEDERAL AND STATE DISTRIBUTION OF REVE-
NUES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, of the amount of adjusted bonus, rental, and 
royalty revenues from Federal oil and gas leasing and op-
erations authorized under this subtitle— 
(1) 25 percent shall be paid to the State of 
Alaska; and 
(2) except as provided in section 432(d), the 
balance shall be deposited into the Treasury as mis-
cellaneous receipts. 
(b) PAYMENTS TO ALASKA.—Payments to the State 
of Alaska under this section shall be made semiannually. 
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