I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5023 
To expand opportunity for agricultural producers, increase consumer choice 
in food markets, and enhance American international competitiveness 
by establishing new programs for food innovation, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 27, 2023 
Mr. MCGOVERN (for himself, Ms. MCCOLLUM, and Ms. ADAMS) introduced 
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture 
A BILL 
To expand opportunity for agricultural producers, increase 
consumer choice in food markets, and enhance American 
international competitiveness by establishing new pro-
grams for food innovation, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Peas, Legumes, And Nuts Today Act’’ or the ‘‘PLANT 
Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
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Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definition of covered commodity. 
Sec. 3. Marketing loans. 
Sec. 4. Market access program. 
Sec. 5. Operating loans. 
Sec. 6. Guaranteed operating loans. 
Sec. 7. Loans to private business enterprises. 
Sec. 8. Rural business development grants. 
Sec. 9. Rural cooperative development grants. 
Sec. 10. Appropriate technology transfer for rural areas program. 
Sec. 11. Rural innovation stronger economy grant program. 
Sec. 12. Plant-based protein input research program. 
Sec. 13. Pulse crop health initiative. 
Sec. 14. Value-added producer grants. 
Sec. 15. Emerging protein production research, education, and extension initia-
tive. 
Sec. 16. Plant-based food innovation initiatives. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITION OF COVERED COMMODITY. 
Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9011) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ‘‘and pea-
nuts’’ and inserting ‘‘peanuts, and mushrooms.’’; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (19)— 
(A) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
‘‘$2.40’’ and inserting ‘‘$3.00’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (K), by striking 
‘‘$11.00’’ and inserting ‘‘$13.75’’; 
(C) in subparagraph (L), by striking 
‘‘$19.97’’ and inserting ‘‘$24.93’’; 
(D) in subparagraph (M), by striking 
‘‘$19.04’’ and inserting ‘‘$23.80’’; 
(E) in subparagraph (N), by striking 
‘‘$21.54’’ and inserting ‘‘$26.93’’; and 
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(F) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(P) For mushrooms, $1.16 per pound.’’. 
SEC. 3. MARKETING LOANS. 
Section 1202(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 
U.S.C. 9032(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘$2.00’’ and 
inserting ‘‘$3.00’’; 
(2) in paragraph (12), by striking ‘‘$6.15’’ and 
inserting ‘‘$7.65’’; 
(3) in paragraph (13), by striking ‘‘$13.00’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$16.25’’; 
(4) in paragraph (14), by striking ‘‘$10.00’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$12.50’’; 
(5) in paragraph (15), by striking ‘‘$14.00’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$17.50’’; and 
(6) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(21) In the case of mushrooms, $1.16 per 
pound.’’. 
SEC. 4. MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM. 
Section 203(b) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 5623(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘and plant 
protein products (as defined in section 223 of the 
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
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1994)’’ before ‘‘) through cost-share assistance’’; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (8), by inserting ‘‘, including 
entities involved in the development or promotion of 
plant protein products (as defined in section 223 of 
the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act 
of 1994)’’ after ‘‘entities’’. 
SEC. 5. OPERATING LOANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 312(a) of the Consoli-
dated Farm and Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 
1942(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (9)(B)(ii), by striking ‘‘or’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in paragraph (10), by striking the period 
and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by adding the following: 
‘‘(11) supporting projects that facilitate the de-
velopment of plant protein products and connect 
rural markets and economies.’’. 
(b) PLANT PROTEIN PRODUCT DEFINED.—Section 
343(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1991(a)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(14) PLANT
PROTEIN
PRODUCT.—The term 
‘plant protein product’ has the meaning given the 
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term in section 223 of the Department of Agri-
culture Reorganization Act of 1994.’’. 
SEC. 6. GUARANTEED OPERATING LOANS. 
Section 312(b) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1942(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and 
inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by adding the following: 
‘‘(10) supporting projects that facilitate the de-
velopment of plant protein products and connect 
rural markets and economies.’’. 
SEC. 7. LOANS TO PRIVATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. 
Section 310B(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(a)(2)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by inserting at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) facilitating economic opportunity for 
plant protein products, as well as relevant sup-
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ply chains and processing capacity for plant 
protein products.’’. 
SEC. 8. RURAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT GRANTS. 
Section 310B(c)(3)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(c)(3)(A)) is 
amended— 
(1) in clause (iv), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(2) in clause (v), by striking ‘‘or’’ and inserting 
‘‘and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(vi) projects that support the devel-
opment of business enterprises related to 
plant protein products; or’’. 
SEC. 9. RURAL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS. 
Section 310B(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(e)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(14) GRANTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN 
PLANT PROTEIN CROPS.—The Secretary may make 
grants under this section to nonprofit institutions to 
support the development of pulse crops, vegetables, 
legumes, and fungi, including fava beans, mush-
rooms, oats, and the pulse crop industry, including 
by— 
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‘‘(A) developing and disseminating science- 
based tools and information, technical and mar-
keting assistance, job training and development; 
‘‘(B) developing new and innovative tech-
nologies to improve and utilize pulse crops as 
an ingredient in food products; and 
‘‘(C) providing technical and nontechnical 
assistance and education to food companies 
using pulse crops, and value-added production 
processes.’’. 
SEC. 10. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR 
RURAL AREAS PROGRAM. 
Section 310B(i)(2)(D) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(2)(D)) is 
amended by inserting ‘‘or plant protein products’’ after 
‘‘commodities’’. 
SEC. 11. RURAL INNOVATION STRONGER ECONOMY GRANT 
PROGRAM. 
Section 379I of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2008w) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(6) GRANT
FOR
DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLANT- 
BASED
FOODS.—At least 1 grant awarded under 
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paragraph (1) shall be for the purposes of sup-
porting the development of plant protein products.’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)(1)(B)(vi), by inserting ‘‘, 
including the development of new plant protein prod-
ucts’’ before the semicolon; and 
(3) in subsection (j), by striking ‘‘$10,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2028’’. 
SEC. 12. PLANT-BASED PROTEIN INPUT RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM. 
Section 1672(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(21) PLANT-BASED PROTEIN INPUT RESEARCH 
PROGRAM.—Research and extension grants may be 
made under this section for the purpose of carrying 
out 
or 
enhancing 
research 
to 
improve 
the 
functionality, flavor, and nutritional value of the use 
of soybeans, wheat, mushrooms, oats, sorghum, al-
monds, and other crops for the plant protein indus-
try.’’. 
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SEC. 13. PULSE CROP HEALTH INITIATIVE. 
Section 1672(e) of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(e)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(B) in subparagraph (E)(ii), by striking 
the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) sharing technical and non-technical 
assistance to plant protein producers.’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (5), by inserting after 
‘‘$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 
2023’’ the following: ‘‘$40,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2024 through 2029’’. 
SEC. 14. VALUE-ADDED PRODUCER GRANTS. 
Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 
1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627c) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘section 
343(a) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1991(a))’’ and in-
serting ‘‘section 2501(a) of the Food, Agri-
culture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 
(7 U.S.C. 2279(a))’’; 
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(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘has the 
meaning given the term in section 231(a) of the 
Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 (7 
U.S.C. 1632a(a))’’ and inserting ‘‘means any 
farm in which the majority of the business is 
owned by an operator and any individuals re-
lated to the operator by blood, marriage, or 
adoption, including relatives who do not live in 
the household of the operator. The term in-
cludes any farm organized as a sole proprietor-
ship, partnership, or family corporation. The 
term does not include any farm organized as a 
non-family corporation or cooperative, or any 
farm with a hired manager’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(14) INDEPENDENT
PRODUCER.—The term 
‘independent producer’ means an operator— 
‘‘(A) of a small or medium-sized farm or 
ranch that is structured as a family farm; and 
‘‘(B) who produces and owns more than 20 
percent of the agricultural commodity to which 
value will be added as the subject of a project 
proposed under subsection (d).’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)(5)— 
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(A) in subparagraph (A), by adding at the 
end the following: ‘‘In doing so, the Secretary 
shall not exclude any producer that does not 
own and produce from at least 50 percent of 
their own agricultural commodity, or require 
any producer to have been in production for a 
minimum number of years to be eligible for par-
ticipation.’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking 
‘‘(as determined by the Secretary)’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (C)(i)(III), by insert-
ing ‘‘and whose net income does not exceed 
$1,000,000 or 125 percent of the county me-
dian income, whichever is greater’’ before the 
semicolon; 
(3) in subsection (f)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of subpara-
graph (A); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
subparagraph (B) and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) operate small or medium-sized family 
farms.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (i)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
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(i) by striking ‘‘$50,000,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$100,000,000’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘2019’’ and inserting 
‘‘2024’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘$20,000,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$40,000,000’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘2019’’ and inserting 
‘‘2024’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (3)(A)— 
(i) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘35 per-
cent’’ and inserting ‘‘45 percent’’; and 
(ii) in clause (ii)(III), by inserting ‘‘, 
including for plant protein products’’ be-
fore the period. 
SEC. 15. EMERGING PROTEIN PRODUCTION RESEARCH, 
EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION INITIATIVE. 
Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorga-
nization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6911 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 223. OFFICE OF PLANT-BASED FOODS AND INNOVA-
TIVE PRODUCTION. 
‘‘(a) OFFICE.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish in the Department an Office of Plant-Based 
Foods and Innovative Production. 
‘‘(2) DIRECTOR.—The Secretary shall appoint a 
senior official to serve as the Director of the Office 
of Plant-Based Foods and Innovative Production 
(referred to in this section as the ‘Director’). 
‘‘(3) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of 
Plant-Based Foods and Innovative Production shall 
be to encourage and promote plant-based protein 
and plant-based food options and plant protein prod-
ucts, including the edible proteins made from plants 
(such as vegetables, beans, and legumes), fungi, or 
other nonanimal sources, through any of the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) The development, construction, or ac-
quisition of land, buildings, plants, equipment, 
access streets and roads, parking areas, facility 
construction, expansion, or production capacity 
expansions. 
‘‘(B) Providing technical and nontechnical 
assistance to plant-based food suppliers and 
processors in product development. 
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‘‘(C) Supporting other innovations in 
plant-based protein and food products, as deter-
mined by the Secretary. 
‘‘(4) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director shall be 
responsible for engaging in activities to carry out the 
mission described in paragraph (3), including by— 
‘‘(A) managing programs and providing as-
sistance to plant-based companies and industry; 
‘‘(B) advising the Secretary with respect to 
the promotion of plant protein products; 
‘‘(C) coordinating with the agencies and 
officials of the Department to update relevant 
programs; 
‘‘(D) engaging in stakeholder relations and 
developing external partnerships; 
‘‘(E) identifying common State and munic-
ipal best practices for navigating local policies; 
‘‘(F) coordinating networks of existing 
stakeholder organizations; and 
‘‘(G) collaborating with heads of other 
Federal agencies, including the Commissioner 
of Food and Drugs. 
‘‘(b) EMERGING PROTEIN AND INNOVATIVE PRODUC-
TION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary shall establish an Emerging Protein and In-
novative Production Advisory Committee (referred to 
in this subsection as the ‘Committee’) to advise the 
Secretary on— 
‘‘(A) the development of policies and out-
reach relating to protein-rich foods sourced 
from plant ingredients and emerging agricul-
tural production practices; and 
‘‘(B) any other aspects of the implementa-
tion of this section. 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Committee shall 
be composed of 12 members, of whom— 
‘‘(i) 4 shall be individuals who are ag-
ricultural producers, of whom— 
‘‘(I) 2 individuals shall be agri-
cultural producers located in a rural 
area; and 
‘‘(II) 2 individuals shall be farm-
ers that use innovative technology; 
‘‘(ii) 2 shall be representatives from 
an institution of higher education or exten-
sion program; 
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‘‘(iii) 1 shall be an individual who rep-
resents a nonprofit organization, which 
may include a public health, environ-
mental, or community organization; 
‘‘(iv) 1 shall be an individual who rep-
resents business and economic develop-
ment, which may include a business devel-
opment entity, a chamber of commerce, a 
city government, or a planning organiza-
tion; 
‘‘(v) 1 shall be an individual with sup-
ply chain experience, which may include a 
food aggregator, wholesale food distributor, 
food hub, or an individual who has direct- 
to-consumer market experience; 
‘‘(vi) 1 shall be an individual from a 
financing entity; and 
‘‘(vii) 2 shall be individuals with re-
lated experience or expertise in research fo-
cused on protein-rich foods sourced from 
plants and in products sourced from plants 
as determined by the Secretary. 
‘‘(B) INITIAL
APPOINTMENTS.—The Sec-
retary shall appoint the members of the Com-
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mittee not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this section. 
‘‘(3) PERIOD OF APPOINTMENT; VACANCIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), a member of the Committee 
shall be appointed for a term of 3 years. 
‘‘(B) INITIAL
APPOINTMENTS.—Of the 
members first appointed to the Committee— 
‘‘(i) 4 of the members, as determined 
by the Secretary, shall be appointed for a 
term of 3 years; 
‘‘(ii) 4 of the members, as determined 
by the Secretary, shall be appointed for a 
term of 2 years; and 
‘‘(iii) 4 of the members, as determined 
by the Secretary, shall be appointed for a 
term of 1 year. 
‘‘(C) VACANCIES.—Any vacancy in the 
Committee— 
‘‘(i) shall not affect the powers of the 
Committee; and 
‘‘(ii) shall be filled as soon as prac-
ticable in the same manner as the original 
appointment. 
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‘‘(D) CONSECUTIVE
TERMS.—An initial 
appointee of the Committee may serve an addi-
tional consecutive term if the member is re-
appointed by the Secretary. 
‘‘(4) MEETINGS.— 
‘‘(A) FREQUENCY.—The Committee shall 
meet not fewer than 3 times per year. 
‘‘(B) INITIAL
MEETING.—Not later than 
180 days after the date on which the members 
are appointed under paragraph (2)(B), the 
Committee shall hold the first meeting of the 
Committee. 
‘‘(5) DUTIES.— 
‘‘(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Committee 
shall— 
‘‘(i) develop recommendations and ad-
vise the Director on policies, initiatives, 
and outreach administered by the Office of 
Emerging Protein and Innovative Produc-
tion; 
‘‘(ii) evaluate and review ongoing re-
search and extension activities relating to 
protein-rich products sourced from plants 
and the development of other plant-based 
foods; 
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‘‘(iii) identify new and existing bar-
riers to successful plant protein product 
development and emerging agricultural 
practices employed by plant protein pro-
ducers; and 
‘‘(iv) provide additional assistance and 
advice to the Director as appropriate. 
‘‘(B) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date on which the Committee is estab-
lished, and every 2 years through 2028, the 
Committee shall submit to the Secretary, the 
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Rep-
resentatives, and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
describing 
the 
recommendations 
developed 
under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(6) PERSONNEL MATTERS.— 
‘‘(A) COMPENSATION.—A member of the 
Committee shall serve without compensation. 
‘‘(B) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—A member of 
the Committee shall be allowed travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in ac-
cordance with section 5703 of title 5, United 
States Code. 
‘‘(7) TERMINATION.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), the Committee shall terminate on 
the date that is 5 years after the date on which 
the members are appointed under paragraph 
(2)(B). 
‘‘(B) EXTENSIONS.—Before the date on 
which the Committee terminates, the Secretary 
may renew the Committee for 1 or more 2-year 
periods. 
‘‘(c) GRANTS.—The Director shall award competitive 
grants to support the development of plant-based foods 
and related innovative production to any of the following 
eligible entities: 
‘‘(1) A nonprofit organization. 
‘‘(2) A unit of local government. 
‘‘(3) A Tribal government. 
‘‘(4) Any school that serves any of grades kin-
dergarten through grade 12. 
‘‘(5) A for-profit organization with fewer than 
500 employees. 
‘‘(6) An institution of higher education, includ-
ing a land-grant college or university and a nonland- 
grant college of agriculture (as those terms are de-
fined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural 
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