subsection has been in force for 18 months if it of-
fers conversion to an equivalent individual plan. 
(4) CONTINUATION
COVERAGE.—The continu-
ation of health coverage required by this subsection 
shall be satisfied by any extension of coverage under 
part 6 of subtitle B of title I of the Employee Re-
tirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 
1161 et seq.) or section 4980B of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 provided to a subject of abuse 
and is not intended to be in addition to any exten-
sion of coverage otherwise provided for under such 
part 6 or section 4980B. 
(d) USE OF INFORMATION.— 
(1) LIMITATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In order to protect the 
safety and privacy of subjects of abuse, no per-
son employed by or contracting with an insurer 
or health benefit plan may (without the consent 
of the subject)— 
(i) use, disclose, or transfer informa-
tion relating to abuse status, acts of abuse, 
abuse-related medical conditions, or the 
applicant’s or insured’s status as a family 
member, employer, associate, or person in 
a relationship with a subject of abuse for 
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any purpose unrelated to the direct provi-
sion of health care services unless such 
use, disclosure, or transfer is required by 
an order of an entity with authority to reg-
ulate insurance or an order of a court of 
competent jurisdiction; or 
(ii) disclose or transfer information 
relating to an applicant’s or insured’s mail-
ing address or telephone number or the 
mailing address and telephone number of a 
shelter for subjects of abuse, unless such 
disclosure or transfer— 
(I) is required in order to provide 
insurance coverage; and 
(II) does not have the potential 
to endanger the safety of a subject of 
abuse. 
(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this paragraph may be construed to limit or 
preclude a subject of abuse from obtaining the 
subject’s own insurance records from an in-
surer. 
(2) AUTHORITY
OF
SUBJECT
OF
ABUSE.—A 
subject of abuse, at the absolute discretion of the 
subject of abuse, may provide evidence of abuse to 
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an insurer for the limited purpose of facilitating 
treatment of an abuse-related condition or dem-
onstrating that a condition is abuse-related. Nothing 
in this paragraph shall be construed as authorizing 
an insurer or health carrier to disregard such pro-
vided evidence. 
SEC. 404. INSURANCE PROTOCOLS FOR SUBJECTS OF 
ABUSE. 
Insurers shall develop and adhere to written policies 
specifying procedures to be followed by employees, con-
tractors, producers, agents, and brokers for the purpose 
of protecting the safety and privacy of a subject of abuse 
and otherwise implementing this title when taking an ap-
plication, investigating a claim, or taking any other action 
relating to a policy or claim involving a subject of abuse. 
SEC. 405. REASONS FOR ADVERSE ACTIONS. 
An insurer that takes an action that adversely affects 
a subject of abuse, shall advise the applicant or insured 
who is the subject of abuse of the specific reasons for the 
action in writing. For purposes of this section, reference 
to general underwriting practices or guidelines shall not 
constitute a specific reason. 
SEC. 406. LIFE INSURANCE. 
Nothing in this title shall be construed to prohibit 
a life insurer from declining to issue a life insurance policy 
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if the applicant or prospective owner of the policy is or 
would be designated as a beneficiary of the policy, and 
if— 
(1) the applicant or prospective owner of the 
policy lacks an insurable interest in the insured; or 
(2) the applicant or prospective owner of the 
policy is known, on the basis of police or court 
records, to have committed an act of abuse against 
the proposed insured. 
SEC. 407. SUBROGATION WITHOUT CONSENT PROHIBITED. 
Subrogation of claims resulting from abuse is prohib-
ited without the informed consent of the subject of abuse. 
SEC. 408. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.—Any act or 
practice prohibited by this title shall be treated as an un-
fair and deceptive act or practice pursuant to section 5 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45) and 
the Federal Trade Commission shall enforce this title in 
the same manner, by the same means, and with the same 
jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable 
terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission 
Act were incorporated into and made a part of this title, 
including issuing a cease and desist order granting any 
individual relief warranted under the circumstances, in-
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cluding temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive 
relief and compensatory damages. 
(b) PRIVATE CAUSE OF ACTION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An applicant or insured who 
believes that the applicant or insured has been ad-
versely affected by an act or practice of an insurer 
in violation of this title may maintain an action 
against the insurer in a Federal or State court of 
original jurisdiction. 
(2) RELIEF.—Upon proof of such conduct by a 
preponderance of the evidence in an action described 
in paragraph (1), the court may award appropriate 
relief, including temporary, preliminary, and perma-
nent injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive 
damages, as well as the costs of suit and reasonable 
fees for the aggrieved individual’s attorneys and ex-
pert witnesses. 
(3) STATUTORY
DAMAGES.—With respect to 
compensatory damages in an action described in 
paragraph (1), the aggrieved individual may elect, at 
any time prior to the rendering of final judgment, to 
recover in lieu of actual damages, an award of statu-
tory damages in the amount of $5,000 for each vio-
lation. 
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