811 
ants therein), the occurrence of which is publicly an-
nounced before its occurrence. 
‘‘§ 1008. Continuing financial crimes enterprise 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) organizes, manages, or supervises a con-
tinuing financial crimes enterprise; and 
‘‘(2) receives $5,000,000 or more in gross re-
ceipts from such enterprise during any 24-month pe-
riod, 
shall be imprisoned for a term of not less than 10 years, 
or for life. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—As used in subsection (a), the 
term ‘continuing financial crimes enterprise’ means a se-
ries of violations under section 1003, 644, 645, 773, 774, 
775, 779, 789, or 804, or section 801 or 803 affecting 
a financial institution, committed by at least 4 persons 
acting in concert. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER B—CLAIMS AND SERVICES IN 
MATTERS AFFECTING GOVERNMENT 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1017. False, fictitious, or fraudulent claims. 
‘‘§ 1017. False, fictitious, or fraudulent claims 
‘‘Whoever makes or presents to any person or officer 
in the civil, military, or naval service of the United States, 
or to any department or agency thereof, any claim upon 
or against the United States, or any department or agency 
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thereof, knowing such claim to be false, fictitious, or 
fraudulent, shall be imprisoned not more than five years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER C—CONTEMPTS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1021. Power of court. 
‘‘1022. Contempts constituting crimes. 
‘‘§ 1021. Power of Court 
‘‘A court of the United States shall have power to 
punish by fine or imprisonment, or both, at its discretion, 
such contempt of its authority, and none other, as— 
‘‘(1) misbehavior of any person in its presence 
or so near thereto as to obstruct the administration 
of justice; 
‘‘(2) misbehavior of any of its officers in their 
official transactions; or 
‘‘(3) disobedience or resistance to its lawful 
writ, process, order, rule, decree, or command. 
‘‘§ 1022. Contempts constituting crimes 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever disobeys any lawful writ, 
process, order, rule, decree, or command of any district 
court of the United States or any court of the District 
of Columbia, by doing any act or thing therein, or thereby 
forbidden, if the act or thing so done be of such character 
as to constitute also a criminal offense under any statute 
of the United States or under the laws of any State in 
which the act was committed, shall be prosecuted for such 
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contempt as provided in section 3691 and shall be impris-
oned any term of years or for life. 
‘‘(b) PAYMENT OF FINE AND LIMITATIONS ON FINE 
AND IMPRISONMENT.—Such fine shall be paid to the 
United States or to the complainant or other party injured 
by the act constituting the contempt, or may, where more 
than one is so damaged, be divided or apportioned among 
them as the court may direct, but in no case shall the 
fine to be paid to the United States exceed, in case the 
accused is a natural person, the sum of $1,000, nor shall 
such imprisonment exceed the term of six months. 
‘‘(c) APPLICABILITY OF SECTION.—This section shall 
not be construed to relate to contempts committed in the 
presence of the court, or so near thereto as to obstruct 
the administration of justice, nor to contempts committed 
in disobedience of any lawful writ, process, order, rule, de-
cree, or command entered in any suit or action brought 
or prosecuted in the name of, or on behalf of, the United 
States, but the same, and all other cases of contempt not 
specifically embraced in this section may be punished in 
conformity to the prevailing usages at law. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER D—ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL 
ACTIVITIES 
‘‘1031. Intimidation of voters. 
‘‘1032. Deprivation of employment or other benefit for political contribution. 
‘‘1033. Solicitation of political contributions. 
‘‘1034. Coercion of political activity. 
‘‘1035. Voting by aliens. 
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‘‘§ 1031. Intimidation of voters 
‘‘Whoever intimidates, threatens, coerces, or attempts 
to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other person for the 
purpose of interfering with the right of such other person 
to vote or to vote as he may choose, or of causing such 
other person to vote for, or not to vote for, any candidate 
for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential 
elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of 
Representatives, Delegate from the District of Columbia, 
or Resident Commissioner, at any election held solely or 
in part for the purpose of electing such candidate, shall 
be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1032. Deprivation of employment or other benefit 
for political contribution 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever knowingly causes or at-
tempts to cause any person to make a contribution of a 
thing of value (including services) for the benefit of any 
candidate or any political party, by means of the denial 
or deprivation, or the threat of the denial or deprivation, 
of— 
‘‘(1) any employment, position, or work in or 
for any agency or other entity of the Government of 
the United States, a State, or a political subdivision 
of a State, or any compensation or benefit of such 
employment, position, or work; or 
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‘‘(2) any payment or benefit of a program of 
the United States, a State, or a political subdivision 
of a State; 
if such employment, position, work, compensation, pay-
ment, or benefit is provided for or made possible in whole 
or in part by an Act of Congress, shall be imprisoned not 
more than one year. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘candidate’ means an individual 
who seeks nomination for election, or election, to 
Federal, State, or local office, whether or not such 
individual is elected, and, for purposes of this para-
graph, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomi-
nation for election, or election, to Federal, State, or 
local office, if he has (A) taken the action necessary 
under the law of a State to qualify himself for nomi-
nation for election, or election, or (B) received con-
tributions or made expenditures, or has given his 
consent for any other person to receive contributions 
or make expenditures, with a view to bringing about 
his nomination for election, or election, to such of-
fice; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘election’ means (A) a general, 
special primary, or runoff election, (B) a convention 
or caucus of a political party held to nominate a 
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candidate, (C) a primary election held for the selec-
tion of delegates to a nominating convention of a po-
litical party, (D) a primary election held for the ex-
pression of a preference for the nomination of per-
sons for election to the office of President, and (E) 
the election of delegates to a constitutional conven-
tion for proposing amendments to the Constitution 
of the United States or of any State. 
‘‘§ 1033. Solicitation of political contributions 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for— 
‘‘(1) a candidate for the Congress; 
‘‘(2) an individual elected to or serving in the 
office of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate 
or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress; 
‘‘(3) an officer or employee of the United States 
or any department or agency thereof; or 
‘‘(4) a person receiving any salary or compensa-
tion for services from money derived from the Treas-
ury of the United States; to knowingly solicit any 
contribution within the meaning of section 301(8) of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 from 
any other such officer, employee, or person. Whoever 
violates this section shall be imprisoned not more 
than 3 years. 
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‘‘(b) EXCLUSION.—The prohibition in subsection (a) 
do not apply to any activity of an employee (as defined 
in section 7322(1) of title 5) or any individual employed 
in or under the United States Postal Service or the Postal 
Rate Commission, unless that activity is prohibited by sec-
tion 7323 or 7324 of such title. 
‘‘§ 1034. Coercion of political activity 
‘‘It shall be unlawful for any person to intimidate, 
threaten, command, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, 
threaten, command, or coerce, any employee of the Fed-
eral Government as defined in section 7322(1) of title 5, 
to engage in, or not to engage in, any political activity, 
including, voting or refusing to vote for any candidate or 
measure in any election, making or refusing to make any 
political contribution, or working or refusing to work on 
behalf of any candidate. Whoever violates this section shall 
be imprisoned not more than three years. 
‘‘§ 1035. Voting by aliens 
‘‘(a) ELEMENTS OF OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful 
for any alien to vote in any election held solely or in part 
for the purpose of electing a candidate for the office of 
President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of 
the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, Del-
egate from the District of Columbia, or Resident Commis-
sioner, unless— 
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‘‘(1) the election is held partly for some other 
purpose; 
‘‘(2) aliens are authorized to vote for such other 
purpose under a State constitution or statute or a 
local ordinance; and 
‘‘(3) voting for such other purpose is conducted 
independently of voting for a candidate for such 
Federal offices, in such a manner that an alien has 
the opportunity to vote for such other purpose, but 
not an opportunity to vote for a candidate for any 
one or more of such Federal offices. 
‘‘(b) PUNISHMENT.—Whoever violates this section 
shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(c) EXCLUSION.—Subsection (a) does not apply to 
an alien if— 
‘‘(1) each natural parent of the alien (or, in the 
case of an adopted alien, each adoptive parent of the 
alien) is or was a citizen (whether by birth or natu-
ralization); 
‘‘(2) the alien permanently resided in the 
United States prior to attaining the age of 16; and 
‘‘(3) the alien reasonably believed at the time of 
voting in violation of such subsection that he or she 
was a citizen of the United States. 
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‘‘SUBCHAPTER E—EMBLEMS, INSIGNIA, AND 
NAMES 
‘‘1051. Desecration of the flag of the United States; penalties. 
‘‘1052. Official badges, identification cards, other insignia. 
‘‘1053. Uniform of Armed Forces and public health Service. 
‘‘1054. Military medals or decorations. 
‘‘1055. False advertising or misuse of names to indicate Federal agency. 
‘‘1056. Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia. 
‘‘1057. Use of likenesses of the great seal of the United States, the seals of the 
President and Vice President, the seal of the United States 
Senate, the seal of the United States House of Representatives, 
and the seal of the United States Congress. 
‘‘1058. Public employee insignia and uniform. 
‘‘§ 1051. Desecration of the flag of the United States; 
penalties 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever knowingly mutilates, de-
faces, physically defiles, burns, maintains on the floor or 
ground, or tramples upon any flag of the United States 
shall be imprisoned for not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) EXCLUSIONS.—This subsection does not pro-
hibit any conduct consisting of the disposal of a flag when 
it has become worn or soiled. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term 
‘flag of the United States’ means any flag of the United 
States, or any part thereof, made of any substance, of any 
size, in a form that is commonly displayed. 
‘‘(d) EXPEDITED APPEAL.— 
‘‘(1) NATURE OF CLAIM.—An appeal may be 
taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United 
States from any interlocutory or final judgment, de-
cree, or order issued by a United States district 
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court ruling upon the constitutionality of subsection 
(a). 
‘‘(2) PROCEDURAL
EXPEDITION.—The Supreme 
Court shall, if it has not previously ruled on the question, 
accept jurisdiction over the appeal and advance on the 
docket and expedite to the greatest extent possible. 
‘‘§ 1052. Official badges, identification cards, other in-
signia 
‘‘Whoever manufactures, sells, or possesses any 
badge, identification card, or other insignia, of the design 
prescribed by the head of any department or agency of 
the United States for use by any officer or employee there-
of, or any colorable imitation thereof, or photographs, 
prints, or in any other manner makes or executes any en-
graving, photograph, print, or impression in the likeness 
of any such badge, identification card, or other insignia, 
or any colorable imitation thereof, except as authorized 
under regulations made pursuant to law, shall be impris-
oned not more than six months. 
‘‘§ 1053. Uniform of Armed Forces and Public Health 
Service 
‘‘Whoever, in any place within the jurisdiction of the 
United States or in the Canal Zone, without authority, 
wears the uniform or a distinctive part thereof or anything 
similar to a distinctive part of the uniform of any of the 
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Armed Forces of the United States, Public Health Service 
or any auxiliary of such, shall be imprisoned not more 
than six months. 
‘‘§ 1054. Military medals or decorations 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly wears, pur-
chases, attempts to purchase, solicits for purchase, mails, 
ships, imports, exports, produces blank certificates of re-
ceipt for, manufactures, sells, attempts to sell, advertises 
for sale, trades, barters, or exchanges for anything of 
value any decoration or medal authorized by Congress for 
the Armed Forces of the United States, or any of the serv-
ice medals or badges awarded to the members of such 
forces, or the ribbon, button, or rosette of any such badge, 
decoration or medal, or any colorable imitation thereof, ex-
cept when authorized under regulations made pursuant to 
law, shall be imprisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘(b) FALSE CLAIM ABOUT RECEIPT OF MILITARY 
DECORATIONS OR MEDALS.—Whoever falsely represents 
himself or herself, verbally or in writing, to have been 
awarded any decoration or medal authorized by Congress 
for the Armed Forces of the United States, any of the 
service medals or badges awarded to the members of such 
forces, the ribbon, button, or rosette of any such badge, 
decoration, or medal, or any colorable imitation of such 
item shall be imprisoned not more than six months. 
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of section 10, a silver star awarded under section 3746, 
6244, or 8746 of title 10, a Purple Heart awarded under 
section 1129 of title 10, or any replacement or duplicate 
medal for such medal as authorized by law, in lieu of the 
punishment provided in the applicable subsection, the of-
fender shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year. 
‘‘§ 1055. False advertising or misuse of names to indi-
cate Federal agency 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) except as permitted by the laws of the 
United States, uses the words ‘national’, ‘Federal’, 
‘United States’, ‘reserve’, or ‘Deposit Insurance’ as 
part of the business or firm name of a person, cor-
poration, partnership, business trust, association or 
other business entity engaged in the banking, loan, 
building and loan, brokerage, factorage, insurance, 
indemnity, savings or trust business; 
‘‘(2) falsely advertises or represents, or pub-
lishes or displays any sign, symbol or advertisement 
reasonably calculated to convey the impression that 
a nonmember bank, banking association, firm or 
partnership is a member of the Federal reserve sys-
tem; 
‘‘(3) except as expressly authorized by Federal 
law, uses the words ‘Federal Deposit’, ‘Federal De-
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posit Insurance’, or ‘Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-
poration’ or a combination of any three of these 
words, as the name or a part thereof under which 
he or it does business, or advertises or otherwise 
represents falsely by any device whatsoever that his 
or its deposit liabilities, obligations, certificates, or 
shares are insured or guaranteed by the Federal De-
posit Insurance Corporation, or by the United States 
or by any instrumentality thereof, or whoever adver-
tises that his or its deposits, shares, or accounts are 
federally insured, or falsely advertises or otherwise 
represents by any device whatsoever the extent to 
which or the manner in which the deposit liabilities 
of an insured bank or banks are insured by the Fed-
eral Deposit Insurance Corporation; 
‘‘(4) other than a bona fide organization or as-
sociation of Federal or State credit unions or except 
as permitted by the laws of the United States, uses 
as a firm or business name or transacts business 
using the words ‘National Credit Union’, ‘National 
Credit Union Administration’, ‘National Credit 
Union Board’, ‘National Credit Union Share Insur-
ance Fund’, ‘Share Insurance’, or ‘Central Liquidity 
Facility’, or the letters ‘NCUA’, ‘NCUSIF’, or 
‘CLF’, or any other combination or variation of 
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those words or letters alone or with other words or 
letters, or any device or symbol or other means, rea-
sonably calculated to convey the false impression 
that such name or business has some connection 
with, or authorization from, the National Credit 
Union Administration, the Government of the 
United States, or any agency thereof, which does not 
in fact exist, or falsely advertises or otherwise rep-
resents by any device whatsoever that his or its busi-
ness, product, or service has been in any way en-
dorsed, authorized, or approved by the National 
Credit Union Administration, the Government of the 
United States, or any agency thereof, or falsely ad-
vertises or otherwise represents by any device what-
soever that his or its deposit liabilities, obligations, 
certificates, shares, or accounts are insured under 
the Federal Credit Union Act or by the United 
States or any instrumentality thereof, or being an 
insured credit union as defined in that Act falsely 
advertises or otherwise represents by any device 
whatsoever the extent to which or the manner in 
which share holdings in such credit union are in-
sured under such Act; 
‘‘(5) not being organized under the Farm Cred-
it Act of 1971, advertises or represents that it 
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makes Federal Farm loans or advertises or offers 
for sale as Federal Farm loan bonds any bond not 
issued under the Farm Credit Act of 1971, or uses 
the word ‘Federal’ or the words ‘United States’ or 
any other words implying Government ownership, 
obligation or supervision in advertising or offering 
for sale any bond, note, mortgage or other security 
not issued by the Government of the United States 
under the Farm Credit Act of 1971; 
‘‘(6) uses the words ‘Federal Home Loan Bank’ 
or any combination or variation of these words alone 
or with other words as a business name or part of 
a business name, or falsely publishes, advertises or 
represents by any device or symbol or other means 
reasonably calculated to convey the impression that 
he or it is a Federal Home Loan Bank or member 
of or subscriber for the stock of a Federal Home 
Loan Bank; 
‘‘(7) uses the words ‘Federal intermediate cred-
it bank’ as part of the business or firm name for any 
person, corporation, partnership, business trust, as-
sociation or other business entity not organized as 
an intermediate credit bank under the laws of the 
United States; 
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‘‘(8) uses as a firm or business name the words 
‘Department of Housing and Urban Development’, 
‘Housing and Home Finance Agency’, ‘Federal 
Housing Administration’, ‘Government National 
Mortgage Association’, ‘United States Housing Au-
thority’, or ‘Public Housing Administration’ or the 
letters ‘HUD’, ‘FHA’, ‘PHA’, or ‘USHA’, or any 
combination or variation of those words or the let-
ters ‘HUD’, ‘FHA’, ‘PHA’, or ‘USHA’ alone or with 
other words or letters reasonably calculated to con-
vey the false impression that such name or business 
has some connection with, or authorization from, the 
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 
the Housing and Home Finance Agency, the Federal 
Housing Administration, the Government National 
Mortgage Association, the United States Housing 
Authority, the Public Housing Administration, the 
Government of the United States, or any agency 
thereof, which does not in fact exist, or falsely 
claims that any repair, improvement, or alteration of 
any existing structure is required or recommended 
by the Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment, the Housing and Home Finance Agency, the 
Federal Housing Administration, the Government 
National Mortgage Association, the United States 
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Housing Authority, the Public Housing Administra-
tion, the Government of the United States, or any 
agency thereof, for the purpose of inducing any per-
son to enter into a contract for the making of such 
repairs, alterations, or improvements, or falsely ad-
vertises or falsely represents by any device whatso-
ever that any housing unit, project, business, or 
product has been in any way endorsed, authorized, 
inspected, appraised, or approved by the Department 
of Housing and Urban Development, the Housing 
and Home Finance Agency, the Federal Housing 
Administration, the Government National Mortgage 
Association, the United States Housing Authority, 
the Public Housing Administration, the Government 
of the United States, or any agency thereof; 
‘‘(9) except with the written permission of the 
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
knowingly uses the words ‘Federal Bureau of Inves-
tigation’ or the initials ‘F.B.I.’, or any colorable imi-
tation of such words or initials, in connection with 
any advertisement, circular, book, pamphlet or other 
publication, play, motion picture, broadcast, telecast, 
or other production, in a manner reasonably cal-
culated to convey the impression that such advertise-
ment, circular, book, pamphlet or other publication, 
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play, motion picture, broadcast, telecast, or other 
production, is approved, endorsed, or authorized by 
the Federal Bureau of Investigation; 
‘‘(10) except with written permission of the Di-
rector of the United States Secret Service, know-
ingly uses the words ‘Secret Service’, ‘Secret Service 
Uniformed Division’, the initials ‘U.S.S.S.’, ‘U.D.’, 
or any colorable imitation of such words or initials, 
in connection with, or as a part of any advertise-
ment, circular, book, pamphlet or other publication, 
play, motion picture, broadcast, telecast, other pro-
duction, product, or item, in a manner reasonably 
calculated to convey the impression that such adver-
tisement, circular, book, pamphlet or other publica-
tion, product, or item, is approved, endorsed, or au-
thorized by or associated in any manner with, the 
United States Secret Service, or the United States 
Secret Service Uniformed Division; 
‘‘(11) except with the written permission of the 
Director of the United States Mint, knowingly uses 
the words ‘United States Mint’ or ‘U.S. Mint’ or any 
colorable imitation of such words, in connection with 
any advertisement, circular, book, pamphlet, or other 
publication, play, motion picture, broadcast, telecast, 
or other production, in a manner reasonably cal-
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culated to convey the impression that such advertise-
ment, circular, book, pamphlet, or other publication, 
play, motion picture, broadcast, telecast, or other 
production, is approved, endorsed, or authorized by 
or associated in any manner with, the United States 
Mint; 
‘‘(12) uses the words ‘Overseas Private Invest-
ment’, ‘Overseas Private Investment Corporation’, or 
‘OPIC’, as part of the business or firm name of a 
person, corporation, partnership, business trust, as-
sociation, or business entity; 
‘‘(13) except with the written permission of the 
Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administra-
tion, knowingly uses the words ‘Drug Enforcement 
Administration’ or the initials ‘DEA’ or any 
colorable imitation of such words or initials, in con-
nection with any advertisement, circular, book, pam-
phlet, software or other publication, play, motion 
picture, broadcast, telecast, or other production, in 
a manner reasonably calculated to convey the im-
pression that such advertisement, circular, book, 
pamphlet, software or other publication, play, motion 
picture, broadcast, telecast, or other production is 
approved, endorsed, or authorized by the Drug En-
forcement Administration; or 
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‘‘(14) except with the written permission of the 
Director of the United States Marshals Service, 
knowingly uses the words ‘United States Marshals 
Service’, ‘U.S. Marshals Service’, ‘United States 
Marshal’, 
‘U.S. 
Marshal’, 
‘U.S.M.S.’, 
or 
any 
colorable imitation of any such words, or the likeness 
of a United States Marshals Service badge, logo, or 
insignia on any item of apparel, in connection with 
any advertisement, circular, book, pamphlet, soft-
ware, or other publication, or any play, motion pic-
ture, broadcast, telecast, or other production, in a 
manner that is reasonably calculated to convey the 
impression that the wearer of the item of apparel is 
acting pursuant to the legal authority of the United 
States Marshals Service, or to convey the impression 
that such advertisement, circular, book, pamphlet, 
software, or other publication, or such play, motion 
picture, broadcast, telecast, or other production, is 
approved, endorsed, or authorized by the United 
States Marshals Service; 
shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) EXCLUSIONS.— 
‘‘(1) LAWFUL BEFORE ENACTMENT.—This sec-
tion does not make unlawful the use of any name or 
title which was lawful on June 25, 1948. 
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‘‘(2) INSURANCE.—This section does not make 
unlawful the use of the word ‘national’ as part of the 
name of any business or firm engaged in the insur-
ance or indemnity business, whether such firm was 
engaged in the insurance or indemnity business prior 
or subsequent to the date of enactment of this para-
graph. 
‘‘(c) ENJOINING OF VIOLATION.—A violation of this 
section may be enjoined at the suit of the United States 
Attorney, upon complaint by any duly authorized rep-
resentative of any department or agency of the United 
States. 
‘‘§ 1056. Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia 
‘‘Whoever, in the course of collecting or aiding in the 
collection of private debts or obligations, or being engaged 
in furnishing private police, investigation, or other private 
detective services, uses or employs in any communication, 
correspondence, notice, advertisement, or circular the 
words ‘national’, ‘Federal’, or ‘United States’, the initials 
‘U.S.’, or any emblem, insignia, or name, for the purpose 
of conveying and in a manner reasonably calculated to 
convey the false impression that such communication is 
from a department, agency, bureau, or instrumentality of 
the United States or in any manner represents the United 
States, shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
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‘‘§ 1057. Use of likenesses of the great seal of the 
United States, the seals of the President 
and Vice President, the seal of the United 
States Senate, the seal of the United 
States House of Representatives, and the 
seal of the United States Congress 
‘‘(a) DISPLAY.—Whoever knowingly displays any 
printed or other likeness of the great seal of the United 
States, or of the seals of the President or the Vice Presi-
dent of the United States, or the seal of the United States 
Senate, or the seal of the United States House of Rep-
resentatives, or the seal of the United States Congress, 
or any facsimile thereof, in, or in connection with, any ad-
vertisement, poster, circular, book, pamphlet, or other 
publication, public meeting, play, motion picture, telecast, 
or other production, or on any building, monument, or sta-
tionery, for the purpose of conveying, or in a manner rea-
sonably calculated to convey, a false impression of spon-
sorship or approval by the Government of the United 
States or by any department, agency, or instrumentality 
thereof, shall be imprisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘(b) LIKENESS ON ARTICLES.—Whoever, except as 
authorized under regulations promulgated by the Presi-
dent and published in the Federal Register, knowingly 
manufactures, reproduces, sells, or purchases for resale, 
either separately or appended to any article manufactured 
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or sold, any likeness of the seals of the President or Vice 
President, or any substantial part thereof, except for man-
ufacture or sale of the article for the official use of the 
Government of the United States, shall be imprisoned not 
more than six months. 
‘‘(c) SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES.—Whoever, ex-
cept as directed by the United States Senate, or the Sec-
retary of the Senate on its behalf, knowingly uses, manu-
factures, reproduces, sells or purchases for resale, either 
separately or appended to any article manufactured or 
sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States Senate, 
or any substantial part thereof, except for manufacture 
or sale of the article for the official use of the Government 
of the United States, shall be imprisoned not more than 
six months. 
‘‘(d) SEAL OF UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REP-
RESENTATIVES.—Whoever, except as directed by the 
United States House of Representatives, or the Clerk of 
the House of Representatives on its behalf, knowingly 
uses, manufactures, reproduces, sells or purchases for re-
sale, either separately or appended to any article manufac-
tured or sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States 
House of Representatives, or any substantial part thereof, 
except for manufacture or sale of the article for the official 
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use of the Government of the United States, shall be im-
prisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘(e) SEAL OF CONGRESS.—Whoever, except as di-
rected by the United States Congress, or the Secretary 
of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives, acting jointly on its behalf, knowingly uses, manu-
factures, reproduces, sells or purchases for resale, either 
separately or appended to any article manufactured or 
sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States Con-
gress, or any substantial part thereof, except for manufac-
ture or sale of the article for the official use of the Govern-
ment of the United States, shall be imprisoned not more 
than six months. 
‘‘(f) VIOLATION MAY BE ENJOINED.—A violation of 
this section may be enjoined at the suit of the Attorney 
General— 
‘‘(1) in the case of the great seal of the United 
States and the seals of the President and Vice Presi-
dent, upon complaint by any authorized representa-
tive of any department or agency of the United 
States; 
‘‘(2) in the case of the seal of the United States 
Senate, upon complaint by the Secretary of the Sen-
ate; 
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‘‘(3) in the case of the seal of the United States 
House of Representatives, upon complaint by the 
Clerk of the House of Representatives; and 
‘‘(4) in the case of the seal of the United States 
Congress, upon complaint by the Secretary of the 
Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives, acting jointly. 
‘‘§ 1058. Public employee insignia and uniform 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) knowingly transfers, transports, or re-
ceives, in interstate or foreign commerce, a counter-
feit official insignia or uniform; 
‘‘(2) knowingly transfers, in interstate or for-
eign commerce, a genuine official insignia or uni-
form to an individual, knowing that such individual 
is not authorized to possess it under the law of the 
place in which the badge is the official insignia or 
uniform; 
‘‘(3) knowingly receives a genuine official insig-
nia or uniform in a transfer prohibited by paragraph 
(2); or 
‘‘(4) being a person not authorized to possess a 
genuine official insignia or uniform under the law of 
the place in which the badge is the official insignia 
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or uniform, knowingly transports that badge in 
interstate or foreign commerce, 
shall be imprisoned not more than 6 months. 
‘‘(b) DEFENSE FOR CERTAIN USES.—It is a defense 
to a prosecution under this section that the insignia or 
uniform is other than a counterfeit insignia or uniform 
and is not used to mislead or deceive, or is used or is 
intended to be used exclusively— 
‘‘(1) as a memento, or in a collection or exhibit; 
‘‘(2) for decorative purposes; 
‘‘(3) for a dramatic presentation, such as a the-
atrical, film, or television production; or 
‘‘(4) for any other recreational purpose. 
‘‘(c) DEFENSE FOR CERTAIN OTHER USES.—It is a 
defense to a prosecution under this section that the official 
insignia or uniform is not used or intended to be used to 
mislead or deceive, or is a counterfeit insignia or uniform 
and is used or is intended to be used exclusively— 
‘‘(1) for a dramatic presentation, such as a the-
atrical, film, or television production; or 
‘‘(2) for legitimate law enforcement purposes. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘genuine police badge’ means an 
official badge issued by public authority to identify 
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an individual as a law enforcement officer having po-
lice powers; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘counterfeit police badge’ means 
an item that so resembles a police badge that it 
would deceive an ordinary individual into believing it 
was a genuine police badge; and 
‘‘(3) the term ‘official insignia or uniform’ 
means an article of distinctive clothing or insignia, 
including a badge, emblem or identification card, 
that is an indicium of the authority of a public em-
ployee; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘public employee’ means any offi-
cer or employee of the Federal Government or of a 
State or local government; and 
‘‘(5) the term ‘uniform’ means distinctive cloth-
ing or other items of dress, whether real or counter-
feit, worn during the performance of official duties 
and which identifies the wearer as a public agency 
employee. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER F—ESCAPE AND RESCUE 
‘‘1071. Prisoners in custody of institution or officer. 
‘‘1072. Instigating or assisting escape. 
‘‘1073. Officer permitting escape. 
‘‘1074. High speed flight from immigration checkpoint. 
‘‘1075. Escape from hospitalization. 
‘‘§ 1071. Prisoners in custody of institution or officer 
‘‘(a) ADULTS.—Whoever escapes or attempts to es-
cape from the custody of the Attorney General or his au-
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thorized representative, or from any institution or facility 
in which he is confined by direction of the Attorney Gen-
eral, or from any custody under or by virtue of any process 
issued under the laws of the United States by any court, 
judge, or magistrate judge, or from the custody of an offi-
cer or employee of the United States pursuant to lawful 
arrest, shall, if the custody or confinement is by virtue 
of an arrest on a charge of felony, or conviction of any 
offense, be imprisoned not more than five years; or if the 
custody or confinement is for extradition, or for exclusion 
or expulsion proceedings under the immigration laws, or 
by virtue of an arrest or charge of or for a misdemeanor, 
and prior to conviction, be imprisoned not more than one 
year. 
‘‘(b) JUVENILES.—Whoever escapes or attempts to 
escape from the custody of the Attorney General or his 
authorized representative, or from any institution or facil-
ity in which he is confined by direction of the Attorney 
General, or from any custody under or by virtue of any 
process issued under the laws of the United States by any 
court, judge, or magistrate judge, or from the custody of 
an officer or employee of the United States pursuant to 
lawful arrest, shall, if the custody or confinement is by 
virtue of a lawful arrest for a violation of any law of the 
United States not punishable by death or life imprison-
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ment and committed before such person’s eighteenth 
birthday, and as to whom the Attorney General has not 
specifically directed the institution of criminal pro-
ceedings, or by virtue of a commitment as a juvenile delin-
quent under section 5034, be imprisoned not more than 
one year. Nothing in this section affects the discretionary 
authority vested in the Attorney General pursuant to sec-
tion 5032. 
‘‘§ 1072. Instigating or assisting escape 
‘‘(a) ADULTS.—Whoever rescues or attempts to res-
cue or instigates, aids or assists the escape, or attempt 
to escape, of any person arrested upon a warrant or other 
process issued under any law of the United States, or com-
mitted to the custody of the Attorney General or to any 
institution or facility by his direction, shall, if the custody 
or confinement is by virtue of an arrest on a charge of 
felony, or conviction of any offense, be imprisoned not 
more than five years; or, if the custody or confinement 
is for extradition, or for exclusion or expulsion proceedings 
under the immigration laws, or by virtue of an arrest or 
charge of or for a misdemeanor, and prior to conviction, 
be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) JUVENILES.—Whoever rescues or attempts to 
rescue or instigates, aids, or assists the escape or at-
tempted escape of any person in the custody of the Attor-
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ney General or his authorized representative, or of any 
person arrested upon a warrant or other process issued 
under any law of the United States or from any institution 
or facility in which he is confined by direction of the Attor-
ney General, shall, if the custody or confinement is by vir-
tue of a lawful arrest for a violation of any law of the 
United States not punishable by death or life imprison-
ment and committed before such person’s eighteenth 
birthday, and as to whom the Attorney General has not 
specifically directed the institution of criminal pro-
ceedings, or by virtue of a commitment as a juvenile delin-
quent under section 5034, be imprisoned not more than 
one year. 
‘‘§ 1073. Officer permitting escape 
‘‘Whoever, having in his custody any prisoner by vir-
tue of process issued under the laws of the United States 
by any court, judge, or magistrate judge, voluntarily suf-
fers such prisoner to escape, shall be imprisoned not more 
than 5 years; or if he negligently suffers such person to 
escape, he shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1074. High speed flight from immigration check-
point 
‘‘Whoever flees or evades a checkpoint operated by 
the Immigration and Naturalization Service, or any other 
Federal law enforcement agency, in a motor vehicle and 
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flees Federal, State, or local law enforcement agents in 
excess of the legal speed limit shall be imprisoned not 
more than five years. 
‘‘§ 1075. Escape from hospitalization 
‘‘Whoever escapes or attempts to escape from the 
custody of any facility or from any place in which or to 
which he is confined pursuant to this section 1826 of title 
28 or section 4243 of this title, or whoever rescues or at-
tempts to rescue or instigates, aids, or assists the escape 
or attempt to escape of such a person, shall be imprisoned 
not more than three years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER G—FALSE PERSONATION 
‘‘1091. Citizen of the United States. 
‘‘1092. Officer or employee of the United States. 
‘‘1093. Impersonator making arrest or search. 
‘‘§ 1091. Citizen of the United States 
‘‘Whoever falsely represents oneself to be a citizen of 
the United States shall be imprisoned not more than three 
years. 
‘‘§ 1092. Officer or employee of the United States 
‘‘Whoever falsely assumes or pretends to be an officer 
or employee acting under the authority of the United 
States or any department, agency or officer thereof, and 
acts as such, or in such pretended character demands or 
obtains any money, paper, document, or thing of value, 
shall be imprisoned not more than three years. 
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‘‘§ 1093. Impersonator making arrest or search 
‘‘Whoever falsely represents oneself to be an officer, 
agent, or employee of the United States, and in such as-
sumed character arrests or detains any person or in any 
manner searches the person, buildings, or other property 
of any person, shall be imprisoned not more than three 
years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER H—FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE 
‘‘1101. Concealing person from arrest. 
‘‘1102. Concealing escaped prisoner. 
‘‘1103. Flight to avoid prosecution or giving testimony. 
‘‘1104. Flight to avoid prosecution for damaging or destroying any building or 
other real or personal property. 
‘‘§ 1101. Concealing person from arrest 
‘‘Whoever harbors or conceals any person for whose 
arrest a warrant or process has been issued under any 
law of the United States, so as to prevent his discovery 
and arrest, after notice or knowledge of the fact that a 
warrant or process has been issued for the apprehension 
of such person, shall be imprisoned not more than one 
year; except that if the warrant or process issued on a 
charge of felony, or after conviction of such person of any 
offense, the punishment shall be a fine under this title, 
or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1102. Concealing escaped prisoner 
‘‘Whoever harbors or conceals any prisoner after that 
prisoner’s escape from the custody of the Attorney General 
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