H. Con. Res. 107 
Agreed to December 10, 2014
One Hundred Thirteenth Congress 
of the 
United States of America 
AT THE SECOND SESSION 
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Friday, 
the third day of January, two thousand and fourteen 
Concurrent Resolution 
Whereas the use of human shields is unconscionable and morally 
unacceptable; 
Whereas since June 15, 2014, there have been over 2,000 rockets 
fired by Hamas and other terrorist organizations from Gaza into 
Israel; 
Whereas Hamas uses civilian populations as human shields by 
placing their missile batteries in densely populated areas and 
near schools, hospitals, and mosques; 
Whereas Israel dropped leaflets, made announcements, placed 
phone calls, and sent text messages to the Palestinian people 
in Gaza warning them in advance that an attack was imminent, 
and went to extraordinary lengths to target only terrorist actors 
and to minimize collateral damage; 
Whereas Hamas urged the residents of Gaza to ignore the Israeli 
warnings and to remain in their houses and encouraged Palestin-
ians to gather on the roofs of their homes to act as human 
shields; 
Whereas on July 23, 2014, the 46-Member UN Human Rights 
Council passed a resolution to form a commission of inquiry 
over Israel’s operations in Gaza that completely fails to condemn 
Hamas for its indiscriminate rocket attacks and its unconscion-
able use of human shields, with the United States being the 
lone dissenting vote; 
Whereas public reports have cited the role of Iran and Syria in 
providing material support and training to Hamas and other 
terrorist groups carrying out rocket and mortar attacks from 
Gaza; 
Whereas throughout the summer of 2006 conflict between the State 
of Israel and the terrorist organization Hezbollah, Hezbollah 
forces utilized innocent civilians as human shields; 
Whereas al Qaeda, Al-Shabaab, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 
(ISIL), and other foreign terrorist organizations typically use 
innocent civilians as human shields; 
Whereas the United States and Israel have cooperated on missile 
defense projects, including Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and the 
Arrow Anti-Missile System, projects designed to thwart a diverse 
range of threats, including short-range missiles and rockets fired 
by non-state actors, such as Hamas; 
Whereas the United States provided $460,000,000 in fiscal year 
2014 for Iron Dome research, development, and production;
H. Con. Res. 107—2 
Whereas during the most recent rocket attacks from Gaza, Iron 
Dome successfully intercepted dozens of rockets that were 
launched against Israeli population centers; and 
Whereas 5,000,000 Israelis are currently living under the threat 
of rocket attacks from Gaza: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concur-
ring), That Congress— 
(1) strongly condemns the use of innocent civilians as 
human shields; 
(2) calls on the international community to recognize and 
condemn Hamas’ use of human shields; 
(3) places responsibility for the rocket attacks against Israel 
on Hamas and other terrorist organizations, such as Palestine 
Islamic Jihad; 
(4) supports the sovereign right of the Government of Israel 
to defend its territory and its citizens from Hamas’ rocket 
attacks, kidnapping attempts, and the use of tunnels and other 
means to carry out attacks against Israel; 
(5) expresses condolences to the families of the innocent 
victims on both sides of the conflict; 
(6) supports Palestinian civilians who reject Hamas and 
all forms of terrorism and violence, desiring to live in peace 
with their Israeli neighbors; 
(7) supports efforts to demilitarize the Gaza Strip, removing 
Hamas’s means to target Israel, including its use of tunnels, 
rockets, and other means; and 
(8) condemns the United Nations Human Rights Council’s 
biased resolution establishing a commission of inquiry into 
Israel’s Gaza operations. 
Attest: 
Clerk of the House of Representatives. 
Attest: 
Secretary of the Senate.