activity carried out under paragraph (2), shall 
not exceed 50 percent. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—If the Secretary deter-
mines that the activity is of substantial public 
interest or benefit, the Secretary may approve 
a greater Federal share. 
‘‘(C) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—All costs di-
rectly incurred by the non-Federal partners, in-
cluding personnel, travel, facility, and hardware 
development costs, shall be credited toward the 
non-Federal share of the cost of an activity de-
scribed in subparagraph (A).’’. 
SEC. 205. ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND IN-
NOVATION PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 55 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘§ 5508. Advanced Transportation Research and In-
novation Program 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Transpor-
tation shall establish the Advanced Transportation Re-
search and Innovation Program, to be carried out by each 
modal administration, as appropriate, to address the long- 
term barriers to development of multimodal advanced 
transportation technologies with the potential to meet the 
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Nation’s long-term safety, competitiveness, and transpor-
tation goals by supporting long-term, high-risk research 
and development to accelerate transformational transpor-
tation innovations. 
‘‘(b) INTERAGENCY
COLLABORATION.—The Sec-
retary shall collaborate, as appropriate, on advanced 
transportation research, development, and other activities 
with other Federal agencies, including the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, the National Science 
Foundation, the Department of Energy, the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology, the Department of 
Homeland Security, the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, and the Department of Defense. The Sec-
retary shall consult with the Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy to ensure the Department’s research invest-
ments are making the best possible contribution to the Na-
tion’s goals of public health and safety, economic pros-
perity, national security, and environmental quality. 
‘‘(c) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall enter into an 
agreement with the National Academies to review the re-
search and activities carried out under this program assess 
whether they are consistent with the purposes described 
in subsection (a). Members of the review panel shall rep-
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resent, at a minimum, multimodal surface transportation 
researchers and practitioners. 
‘‘(d) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the 
date of enactment of the Connected Transportation Re-
search and Innovation Act of 2015, and biennially there-
after, the Secretary shall provide to the Committees on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Environment 
and Public Works of the Senate and the Committees on 
Transportation and Infrastructure and Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 
on implementation of this program and research areas 
that the program will support.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for such subchapter is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘5508. Advanced Transportation Research and Innovation Program.’’. 
SEC. 
206. 
TRANSIT 
RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, 
DEM-
ONSTRATION, AND DEPLOYMENT PROJECTS. 
Section 5312 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in section (a)(1), by striking ‘‘may make 
grants and enter into contracts, cooperative agree-
ments, and other agreements for’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall carry out’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (G), by striking ‘‘or’’; 
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(B) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as 
subparagraph (I); and 
(C) after subparagraph (G), by inserting 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(H) human factors; and’’. 
SEC. 207. TRANSIT HUMAN RESOURCES AND TRAINING. 
Section 5322 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘may under-
take’’ and inserting ‘‘shall undertake’’; 
(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(3) PROGRAMS.—Eligible public transportation 
workforce development programs under this sub-
section are skills training, on-the-job training, and 
work based learning, including apprenticeship pro-
grams that are registered under the Act entitled ‘An 
Act to enable the Department of Labor to formulate 
and promote the furtherance of labor standards nec-
essary to safeguard the welfare of apprentices and to 
cooperate with the States in the promotion of such 
standards’, enacted August 16, 1937 (29 U.S.C. 50 
et seq.; popularly known as the National Apprentice-
ship Act), that— 
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‘‘(A) are, to the extent possible, nationally 
or regionally significant in scope; 
‘‘(B) replicate a successful workforce devel-
opment model adopted in multiple geographic 
locations; 
‘‘(C) target areas with high rates of unem-
ployment; 
‘‘(D) are designed to address current or 
projected workforce shortages; 
‘‘(E) give priority to minorities, women, in-
dividuals with disabilities, veterans, low income 
populations and other underserved populations; 
‘‘(F) are designed to provide career path-
ways that support the movement of targeted 
populations from initial or short-term employ-
ment opportunities to sustainable careers; and 
‘‘(G) consist of other critical activities as 
identified by the Secretary. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM
OUTCOMES.—Eligible public 
transportation workforce development programs 
under this subsection shall be outcome-based and 
demonstrate outcomes including— 
‘‘(A) increasing diversity of training par-
ticipants; 
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‘‘(B) increasing job placement, job reten-
tion, wages, and achievement of certification 
and credentials using performance metrics es-
tablished in consultation with the Secretary of 
Labor and consistent with metrics used by pro-
grams under the Workforce Innovation and Op-
portunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.); and 
‘‘(C) to the extent practical, evidence that 
the program did not preclude workers that are 
participating in skills training, on-the-job train-
ing, and work-based learning, including reg-
istered apprenticeships from being referred to, 
hired on, projects funded under this chapter 
without regard to the length of time of their 
participation in such program. 
‘‘(5) COORDINATION.—Recipients of assistance 
under this subsection shall— 
‘‘(A) identify the training needs to be im-
plemented at the local level in coordination with 
entities such as local employers, local transit 
operators, labor union organizations, Workforce 
Development Boards, State workforce agencies, 
State Apprenticeship Agencies (where applica-
ble), University Transportation Centers, Com-
munity Colleges, and community-based organi-
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zations representing minority, disability, and 
low income populations; and 
‘‘(B) conduct local training programs, as 
appropriate, in coordination with existing local 
training programs supported by the Depart-
ment of Transportation, the Department of 
Labor (including registered apprenticeship pro-
grams), and the Department of Education. 
‘‘(6) RESEARCH AND PROGRAM EVALUATION.— 
The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct re-
search and an impact evaluation based on measur-
able outcomes of the training funded under this sub-
section. In the second, fourth, and sixth year fol-
lowing the enactment of this paragraph, the Sec-
retary shall conduct an aggregate analysis of the na-
tional impact related to workforce shortage, diver-
sity, and job placement.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)(3), by inserting ‘‘, includ-
ing online curriculum,’’ after ‘‘under this sub-
section’’; 
(4) by redesignating subsection (e) as sub-
section (f); 
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(e) USE FOR ADMINISTRATION AND TECHNICAL AS-
SISTANCE.—The Secretary may use up to 1 percent of the 
amounts made available to carry out this section to admin-
ister, oversee, and provide technical assistance for the ac-
tivities and programs developed and conducted under this 
section.’’; and 
(6) in subsection (f), as so redesignated by 
paragraph (4) of this section, by inserting ‘‘and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology’’ after 
‘‘Transportation and Infrastructure’’. 
SEC. 208. RAIL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND 
TRAINING. 
Section 20108 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended in subsection (a) by inserting ‘‘, including oper-
ations and technology’’ after ‘‘safety’’. 
SEC. 209. RAIL COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
Section 24910 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (12); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (13) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by inserting the following new para-
graph at the end: 
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‘‘(14) to improve the management of shared 
rights-of-way between passenger and freight serv-
ices.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e) by striking ‘‘2010 through 
2013’’ and inserting ‘‘2016 through 2021’’. 
SEC. 210. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT. 
Section 5118 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in section (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘may’’ 
and inserting ‘‘shall’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘and’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) coordinate, as appropriate, with other 
Federal agencies, including the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology, the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security, and the Depart-
ment of Energy.’’; and 
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(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(c) COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish and carry out a hazardous materials transport 
cooperative research program. 
‘‘(2) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.—The 
Secretary shall enter into an agreement with the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences to support and carry out 
administrative and management activities relating to 
the governance of the hazardous materials transport 
cooperative research program. 
‘‘(3) RESEARCH.—Research funded under this 
program may include activities related to— 
‘‘(A) emergency planning and response, in-
cluding information and programs that can be 
readily assessed and implemented in local juris-
dictions; 
‘‘(B) risk analysis and perception and data 
assessment; 
‘‘(C) commodity flow data, including vol-
untary collaboration between shippers and first 
responders for secure data exchange of critical 
information; 
‘‘(D) integration of safety and security; 
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‘‘(E) cargo packaging and handling; 
‘‘(F) hazmat release consequences; and 
‘‘(G) materials and equipment testing. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.—In carrying 
out the program under this section, the National 
Academy of Sciences shall ensure, to the maximum 
extent practicable, that projects are selected on the 
basis of merit and open solicitation of proposals and 
review by panels of appropriate experts.’’. 
SEC. 211. WEB-BASED TRAINING FOR EMERGENCY RE-
SPONDERS. 
Section 5115(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting ‘‘, including online curriculum as ap-
propriate,’’ after ‘‘a current curriculum of courses’’. 
SEC. 212. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT TRANSPOR-
TATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 55 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘§ 5509. National cooperative freight transportation 
research program 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Transpor-
tation shall establish and support a multimodal national 
cooperative freight transportation research program. 
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‘‘(b) AGREEMENT.—The Secretary shall enter into an 
agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to sup-
port and carry out administrative and management activi-
ties relating to the governance of the national cooperative 
freight transportation research program. 
‘‘(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The National Acad-
emy of Sciences shall select an advisory committee con-
sisting of a representative cross-section of freight stake-
holders, including the Department of Transportation, 
other Federal agencies, State transportation departments, 
local governments, nonprofit entities, academia, and the 
private sector. 
‘‘(d) 
GOVERNANCE.—The 
national 
cooperative 
freight transportation research program established under 
this section shall include the following administrative and 
management elements: 
‘‘(1) NATIONAL RESEARCH AGENDA.—The advi-
sory committee, in consultation with interested par-
ties, shall recommend a multi-year national research 
agenda for the program. At a minimum, the advi-
sory committee shall consider— 
‘‘(A) techniques for estimating and quanti-
fying public benefits derived from transpor-
tation projects; 
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‘‘(B) methods for incorporating estimates 
of international trade, originating at both water 
and land ports, into landside transportation 
planning; 
‘‘(C) ways to synchronize infrastructure 
improvements with freight transportation de-
mand, including impacts of e-commerce on 
freight demand, and strategies for better man-
agement; 
‘‘(D) the effect of changing patterns of 
freight movement on transportation planning 
decisions relating to rest areas and implementa-
tion of truck parking solutions; 
‘‘(E) new innovative technologies and tools 
for data collection, analysis, modeling, routing, 
and overall management of freight movement; 
‘‘(F) ways to advance deployment of 
freight intelligent transportation systems, in-
cluding advanced information systems; 
‘‘(G) methods for developing the outreach 
tools and incentives to increase the workforce; 
‘‘(H) new methods and technologies for 
monitoring and enforcement, including data 
sharing and harmonization; 
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‘‘(I) new methods and policies for incor-
porating freight in urban transportation and 
land use planning; and 
‘‘(J) other research areas, including human 
factors research, to identify and address emerg-
ing and future research needs related to freight 
transportation by all modes. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.—In carrying 
out the program under this section, the National 
Academy of Sciences shall ensure, to the maximum 
extent practicable, that projects are selected on the 
basis of merit and open solicitation of proposals and 
review by panels of appropriate experts. 
‘‘(3) DISSEMINATION
OF
RESEARCH
FIND-
INGS.—The National Academy of Sciences shall dis-
seminate research findings to researchers, practi-
tioners, and decisionmakers, including through con-
ferences and seminars, field demonstrations, work-
shops, presentations, testimony to government offi-
cials, the Internet, publications for the general pub-
lic, and other appropriate means. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) USE OF NON-FEDERAL FUNDS.—In addi-
tion to using funds authorized for this section, the 
National Academy of Sciences may seek and accept 
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additional funding from non-Federal sources, includ-
ing public and private entities. 
‘‘(2) 
PERIOD
OF
AVAILABILITY.—Amounts 
made available to carry out this section shall remain 
available until expended.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for such subchapter is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘5509. National cooperative freight transportation research program.’’. 
SEC. 213. SMART CITIES TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 
STUDY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Secretary of Trans-
portation for Research and Technology shall conduct a 
study of digital technologies and information technologies, 
including shared mobility, data, transportation network 
companies, and on-demand transportation services— 
(1) to understand the degree to which cities are 
adopting these technologies; 
(2) to assess future planning, infrastructure, 
and investment needs; and 
(3) to provide best practices to plan for smart 
cities in which information and technology are 
used— 
(A) to reduce traffic congestion; 
(B) to improve city operations; 
(C) to grow the local economy; 
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(D) to improve response in times of emer-
gencies and natural disasters; 
(E) to improve the lives of city residents; 
and 
(F) to reduce environmental impact. 
(b) COMPONENTS.—The study conducted under sub-
section (a) shall— 
(1) identify issues that influence the ability of 
the United States to plan for and invest in smart 
cities, including barriers to collaboration and access 
to scientific information; and 
(2) review how the expanded use of digital tech-
nologies, mobile devices, and information may— 
(A) enhance the efficiency and effective-
ness of existing transportation networks; 
(B) optimize demand management serv-
ices; 
(C) impact low-income and other disadvan-
taged communities; 
(D) provide opportunities to share, collect, 
and use data while ensuring the privacy of indi-
viduals; 
(E) change current planning and invest-
ment strategies; 
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(F) provide opportunities for enhanced co-
ordination and planning; and 
(G) provide opportunities to reduce the en-
vironmental impact of transportation. 
(c) COORDINATION.—The study conducted under 
subsection (a) shall include coordination with other rel-
evant Federal agencies conducting research on smart cit-
ies, including the National Science Foundation and the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, as well 
as relevant State and local agencies. 
(d) REPORTING.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary 
shall publish the results of the study required under sub-
section (a) on a public website. 
Æ 
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