I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5249 
To restore and affirm the constitutional prerogative and responsibility of 
Congress to exercise the exclusive legislative powers of Congress under 
article I of the Constitution of the United States to make all laws 
that are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers 
of Congress under article I and all other powers vested by the Constitu-
tion of the United States in the Government of the United Sates, or 
in any department or officer thereof. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2025 
Mr. WALKINSHAW introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 
A BILL 
To restore and affirm the constitutional prerogative and re-
sponsibility of Congress to exercise the exclusive legisla-
tive powers of Congress under article I of the Constitu-
tion of the United States to make all laws that are 
necessary and proper for carrying into execution the 
powers of Congress under article I and all other powers 
vested by the Constitution of the United States in the 
Government of the United Sates, or in any department 
or officer thereof. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Limit on Sweeping 
Executive Reorganization Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 6 of title 18, 
United States Code. 
(2) EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘‘employee’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 2105 of title 5, 
United States Code. 
(3) INDEPENDENT
REORGANIZATION
REVIEW 
PANEL.—The term ‘‘Independent Reorganization 
Review Panel’’ means the panel established under 
section 5(a). 
(4) JOINT
RESOLUTION
OF
APPROVAL.—The 
term ‘‘joint resolution of approval’’ means a joint 
resolution— 
(A) that is introduced during the period— 
(i) beginning on the date on which the 
Independent Reorganization Review Panel 
submits to Congress a report relating to a 
major executive reorganization in accord-
ance with section 5(c); and 
(ii) ending on the date that is 7 days 
after the date described in clause (i); 
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(B) the title of which is as follows: ‘‘Joint 
resolution relating to llll’’, the blank 
space being filled in with a description of the 
major executive reorganization described in sub-
paragraph (A)(i); 
(C) which does not have a preamble; and 
(D) the matter after the resolving clause of 
which is ‘‘That Congress approves of the major 
executive reorganization described in the reor-
ganization impact report submitted by the 
President relating to llll, and such major 
executive reorganization may take effect.’’ (The 
blank spaces being appropriately filled in). 
(5) LABOR ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘labor 
organization’’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 7103 of title 5, United States Code. 
(6) MAJOR EXECUTIVE REORGANIZATION.—The 
term ‘‘major executive reorganization’’ means an ac-
tion taken by the executive branch of the Federal 
Government that— 
(A) combined with other reorganizational 
efforts, reduces the number of employees of an 
agency by not less than 5 percent; 
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(B) combined with other reorganizational 
efforts, reduces the operating budget of an 
agency by not less than 10 percent; 
(C) eliminates, merges, or closes an agen-
cy, component of an agency, or regional office 
of an agency; or 
(D) transfers the operational control of a 
Federal data system, platform, or administra-
tive function to a non-Federal entity. 
(7) REORGANIZATION
IMPACT
REPORT.—The 
term ‘‘reorganization impact report’’ means a report 
submitted pursuant to section 3(a). 
SEC. 3. REORGANIZATION IMPACT REPORTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President may submit to 
Congress and the Independent Reorganization Review 
Panel a reorganization impact report relating to a pro-
posed major executive reorganization. 
(b) CONTENTS.—A reorganization impact report sub-
mitted under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to 
a proposed major executive reorganization— 
(1) the purpose and justification for the major 
executive reorganization; 
(2) the number and roles of employees affected 
by the major executive reorganization; 
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(3) the impact of the major executive reorga-
nization on the service delivery and mission perform-
ance of any agency; 
(4) a summary of any consultation performed 
with each labor organization affected by the major 
executive reorganization; 
(5) a budgetary analysis and a description of 
the costs of transition relating to the major execu-
tive reorganization; and 
(6) any proposed reassignment of Federal infor-
mation technology, human resources, or financial 
systems under the major executive reorganization. 
SEC. 4. CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL REQUIRED. 
A major executive reorganization may not take effect 
until the date on which— 
(1) the President submits to Congress a reorga-
nization impact report relating to the major execu-
tive reorganization under section 3(a); and 
(2) Congress enacts a joint resolution of ap-
proval providing that the major executive reorganiza-
tion may take effect. 
SEC. 5. INDEPENDENT REORGANIZATION REVIEW PANEL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established the Inde-
pendent Reorganization Review Panel for the purpose of 
reviewing reorganization impact reports. 
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major executive reorganization to each employee of 
the agency who will be affected by the major execu-
tive reorganization; 
(2) fulfill all obligations of the agency under 
each collective bargaining agreement (as defined in 
section 7103 of title 5, United States Code) to which 
the agency is a party; and 
(3) undergo a review conducted by the Director 
of the Office of Personnel Management to ensure 
that the major executive reorganization complies 
with merit system principles. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed to diminish or otherwise affect the 
procedural protections provided under section 3502 of title 
5, United States Code, or any other similar provision of 
law. 
SEC. 7. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—If, after investigation, the Special 
Counsel determines that an officer or employee of an agen-
cy knowingly authorized, directed, or carried out a major 
executive reorganization in violation of this Act, the Spe-
cial Counsel shall take appropriate action under chapter 
75 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to the viola-
tion. 
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(b) PROCEDURE.—An officer or employee of an agen-
cy against whom an adverse action is taken under sub-
section (a) shall be entitled to the procedural protections 
that apply under chapter 75 of title 5, United States Code, 
with respect to the applicable adverse action. 
SEC. 8. LEGAL STANDING AND JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—A labor organization or employee 
may bring an action for a major executive reorganization, 
or any executive action, carried out in violation of this Act 
in the United States District Court for the District of Co-
lumbia for injunctive relief. 
(b) EXPEDITED REVIEW.—The United States Dis-
trict Court for the District of Columbia shall provide expe-
dited review for an action brought under subsection (a). 
SEC. 9. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or the application of such 
provision to any person, entity, government, or cir-
cumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder 
of this Act, or the application of such provision to all other 
persons, entities, governments, or circumstances, shall not 
be affected thereby. 
Æ 
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