H. R. 133—1364 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term of any employee appointed 
under paragraph (1)(A) shall not exceed 3 years. 
‘‘(B) FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES.—Not more than 10 full- 
time employees appointed under paragraph (1)(A) may be 
employed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory 
at any given time. 
‘‘(b) LABORATORY-DIRECTED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the 
National Energy Technology Laboratory shall be eligible for 
laboratory-directed research and development funding. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Each fiscal year, of funds made 
available to the National Energy Technology Laboratory, 
the Secretary may deposit an amount, not to exceed the 
rate made available to the National Laboratories for labora-
tory-directed research and development, in a special fund 
account. 
‘‘(B) USE.—Amounts in the account under subpara-
graph (A) shall only be available for laboratory-directed 
research and development. 
‘‘(C) REQUIREMENTS.—The account under subpara-
graph (A)— 
‘‘(i) shall be administered by the Secretary; 
‘‘(ii) shall be available without fiscal year limita-
tion; and 
‘‘(iii) shall not be subject to appropriation. 
‘‘(3) REQUIREMENT.—The Director shall carry out labora-
tory-directed research and development activities at the 
National Energy Technology Laboratory consistent with Depart-
ment of Energy Order 413.2C, dated August 2, 2018 (or a 
successor order). 
‘‘(4) ANNUAL
REPORT
ON
USE
OF
AUTHORITY.—Annually, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report 
on the use of the authority provided under this subsection 
during the preceding fiscal year. 
‘‘(c) LABORATORY OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall delegate 
human resources operations of the National Energy Technology 
Laboratory to the Director to assist in carrying out this section. 
‘‘(d) REVIEW.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enact-
ment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives a report assessing the management and research 
activities of the National Energy Technology Laboratory, which 
shall include— 
‘‘(1) an assessment of the quality of science and research 
at the National Energy Technology Laboratory, relative to 
similar work at other National Laboratories; 
‘‘(2) a review of the effectiveness of authorities provided 
in subsections (a) and (b); and 
‘‘(3) recommendations for policy changes within the Depart-
ment and legislative changes to provide the National Energy 
Technology Laboratory with the necessary tools and resources 
to advance the research mission of the National Energy Tech-
nology Laboratory.’’.
H. R. 133—1365 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 Stat. 600) 
is further amended by adding at the end of the items relating 
to subtitle F of title IX the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969C. National energy technology laboratory reforms.’’. 
SEC. 4007. STUDY ON BLUE HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) STUDY.—The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study 
to examine opportunities for research and development in inte-
grating blue hydrogen technology in the industrial power sector 
and how that could enhance the deployment and adoption of carbon 
capture and storage. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
a report that describes the results of the study under subsection 
(a). 
SEC. 4008. PRODUCED WATER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—As soon as possible after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (in this section referred 
to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall establish a research and development 
program on produced water to develop— 
(1) new technologies and practices to reduce the environ-
mental impact; and 
(2) opportunities for reprocessing of produced water at nat-
ural gas or oil development sites. 
(b) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give priority to projects 
that develop and bring to market— 
(1) effective systems for on-site management or repurposing 
of produced water; and 
(2) new technologies or approaches to reduce the environ-
mental impact of produced water on local water sources and 
the environment. 
(c) CONDUCT OF PROGRAM.—In carrying out the program estab-
lished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall carry out science- 
based research and development activities to pursue— 
(1) improved efficiency, technologies, and techniques for 
produced water recycling stations; and 
(2) alternative approaches to treating, reusing, storing, or 
decontaminating produced water. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
TITLE V—CARBON REMOVAL 
SEC. 5001. CARBON REMOVAL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by adding 
at the end the following:
H. R. 133—1366 
‘‘SEC. 969D. CARBON REMOVAL. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, in coordination with the 
heads of appropriate Federal agencies, including the Secretary of 
Agriculture, shall establish a research, development, and dem-
onstration program (referred to in this section as the ‘program’) 
to test, validate, or improve technologies and strategies to remove 
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale. 
‘‘(b) INTRAAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall ensure 
that the program includes the coordinated participation of the Office 
of Fossil Energy, the Office of Science, and the Office of Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.—The program may include research, 
development, and demonstration activities relating to— 
‘‘(1) direct air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(2) bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration; 
‘‘(3) enhanced geological weathering; 
‘‘(4) agricultural practices; 
‘‘(5) forest management and afforestation; and 
‘‘(6) planned or managed carbon sinks, including natural 
and artificial. 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENTS.—In developing and identifying carbon 
removal technologies and strategies under the program, the Sec-
retary shall consider— 
‘‘(1) land use changes, including impacts on natural and 
managed ecosystems; 
‘‘(2) ocean acidification; 
‘‘(3) net greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(4) commercial viability; 
‘‘(5) potential for near-term impact; 
‘‘(6) potential for carbon reductions on a gigaton scale; 
and 
‘‘(7) economic cobenefits. 
‘‘(e) AIR CAPTURE PRIZE COMPETITIONS.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) DILUTE MEDIA.—The term ‘dilute media’ means 
media in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is less 
than 1 percent by volume. 
‘‘(B) PRIZE COMPETITION.—The term ‘prize competition’ 
means the competitive technology prize competition estab-
lished under paragraph (2). 
‘‘(C) QUALIFIED CARBON DIOXIDE.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified carbon 
dioxide’ means any carbon dioxide that— 
‘‘(I) is captured directly from the ambient air; 
and 
‘‘(II) is measured at the source of capture and 
verified at the point of disposal, injection, or utili-
zation. 
‘‘(ii) 
INCLUSION.—The 
term 
‘qualified 
carbon 
dioxide’ includes the initial deposit of captured carbon 
dioxide used as a tertiary injectant. 
‘‘(iii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘qualified carbon 
dioxide’ does not include carbon dioxide that is recap-
tured, recycled, and reinjected as part of the enhanced 
oil and natural gas recovery process. 
‘‘(D) QUALIFIED DIRECT AIR CAPTURE FACILITY.—
H. R. 133—1367 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified direct air 
capture facility’ means any facility that— 
‘‘(I) uses carbon capture equipment to capture 
carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air; and 
‘‘(II) captures more than 50,000 metric tons 
of qualified carbon dioxide annually. 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘qualified direct air 
capture facility’ does not include any facility that cap-
tures carbon dioxide— 
‘‘(I) that is deliberately released from naturally 
occurring subsurface springs; or 
‘‘(II) using natural photosynthesis. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency, shall establish as part of the program a 
competitive technology prize competition to award prizes for— 
‘‘(A) precommercial carbon dioxide capture from dilute 
media; and 
‘‘(B) commercial applications of direct air capture tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(3) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out this subsection, the 
Secretary, in accordance with section 24 of the Stevenson- 
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), 
shall develop requirements for— 
‘‘(A) the prize competition process; and 
‘‘(B) monitoring and verification procedures for projects 
selected to receive a prize under the prize competition. 
‘‘(4) ELIGIBLE PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(A) PRECOMMERCIAL
AIR
CAPTURE
PROJECTS.—With 
respect to projects described in paragraph (2)(A), to be 
eligible to be awarded a prize under the prize competition, 
a project shall— 
‘‘(i) meet minimum performance standards set by 
the Secretary; 
‘‘(ii) meet minimum levels set by the Secretary 
for the capture of carbon dioxide from dilute media; 
and 
‘‘(iii) demonstrate in the application of the project 
for a prize— 
‘‘(I) a design for a promising carbon capture 
technology that will— 
‘‘(aa) be operated on a demonstration 
scale; and 
‘‘(bb) have the potential to achieve signifi-
cant reduction in the level of carbon dioxide 
in the atmosphere; 
‘‘(II) a successful bench-scale demonstration 
of a carbon capture technology; or 
‘‘(III) an operational carbon capture technology 
on a commercial scale. 
‘‘(B) COMMERCIAL DIRECT AIR CAPTURE PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(i) 
IN
GENERAL.—With 
respect 
to 
projects 
described in paragraph (2)(B), the Secretary shall 
award prizes under the prize competition to qualified 
direct air capture facilities for metric tons of qualified
H. R. 133—1368 
carbon dioxide captured and verified at the point of 
disposal, injection, or utilization. 
‘‘(ii) AMOUNT OF AWARD.—The amount of the award 
per metric ton under clause (i)— 
‘‘(I) shall be equal for each qualified direct 
air capture facility selected for a prize under the 
prize competition; and 
‘‘(II) shall be determined by the Secretary and 
in any case shall not exceed— 
‘‘(aa) $180 for qualified carbon dioxide cap-
tured and stored in saline storage formations; 
‘‘(bb) a lesser amount, as determined by 
the Secretary, for qualified carbon dioxide cap-
tured and stored in conjunction with enhanced 
oil recovery operations; or 
‘‘(cc) a lesser amount, as determined by 
the Secretary, for qualified carbon dioxide cap-
tured and utilized in any activity consistent 
with section 45Q(f)(5) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986. 
‘‘(iii) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary shall make 
awards under this subparagraph until appropriated 
funds are expended. 
‘‘(f) DIRECT AIR CAPTURE TEST CENTER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary shall 
award grants to 1 or more entities for the operation of 1 
or more test centers (referred to in this subsection as a ‘Center’) 
to provide distinct testing capabilities for innovative direct air 
capture and storage technologies. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Each Center shall— 
‘‘(A) advance research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial application of direct air capture and stor-
age technologies; 
‘‘(B) support large-scale pilot and demonstration 
projects and test direct air capture and storage tech-
nologies; and 
‘‘(C) develop front-end engineering design and economic 
analysis. 
‘‘(3) SELECTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall select entities 
to receive grants under this subsection according to such 
criteria as the Secretary may develop. 
‘‘(B) COMPETITIVE BASIS.—The Secretary shall select 
entities to receive grants under this subsection on a 
competitive basis. 
‘‘(C) PRIORITY CRITERIA.—In selecting entities to receive 
grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall prioritize 
consideration of applicants that— 
‘‘(i) have access to existing or planned research 
facilities for direct air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(ii) are institutions of higher education with estab-
lished expertise in engineering for direct air capture 
and storage technologies, or partnerships with such 
institutions of higher education; or
H. R. 133—1369 
‘‘(iii) have access to existing research and test 
facilities for bulk materials design and testing, compo-
nent design and testing, or professional engineering 
design. 
‘‘(4) FORMULA FOR AWARDING GRANTS.—The Secretary may 
develop a formula for awarding grants under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) SCHEDULE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each grant awarded under this sub-
section shall be for a term of not more than 5 years, 
subject to the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(B) RENEWAL.—The Secretary may renew a grant for 
1 or more additional 5-year terms, subject to a competitive 
merit review and the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(6) TERMINATION.—To the extent otherwise authorized by 
law, the Secretary may eliminate, and terminate grant funding 
under this subsection for, a Center during any 5-year term 
described in paragraph (5) if the Secretary determines that 
the Center is underperforming. 
‘‘(g) PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.—In supporting the 
technology development activities under this section, the Secretary 
is encouraged to support carbon removal pilot and demonstration 
projects, including— 
‘‘(1) pilot projects that test direct air capture systems 
capable of capturing 10 to 100 tonnes of carbon oxides per 
year to provide data for demonstration-scale projects; and 
‘‘(2) direct air capture demonstration projects capable of 
capturing greater than 1,000 tonnes of carbon oxides per year. 
‘‘(h) INTRAAGENCY COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall encourage and promote collaborations 
among relevant offices and agencies within the Department. 
‘‘(i) ACCOUNTING.—The Secretary shall collaborate with the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and the 
heads of other relevant Federal agencies to develop and improve 
accounting frameworks and tools to accurately measure carbon 
removal and sequestration methods and technologies. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section— 
‘‘(1) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, of which— 
‘‘(A) $15,000,000 shall be used to carry out subsection 
(e)(2)(A), to remain available until expended; and 
‘‘(B) $100,000,000 shall be used to carry out subsection 
(e)(2)(B), to remain available until expended; 
‘‘(2) $63,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $66,150,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $69,458,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $72,930,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 Stat. 600) 
is further amended by adding at the end of the items relating 
to subtitle F of title IX the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969D. Carbon removal.’’. 
SEC. 5002. CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL TASK FORCE AND REPORT. 
(a) DEFINITION OF CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘carbon dioxide removal’’ means the capture of carbon
H. R. 133—1370 
dioxide directly from ambient air or, in dissolved form, from sea-
water, combined with the sequestration of that carbon dioxide, 
including through— 
(1) direct air capture and sequestration; 
(2) enhanced carbon mineralization; 
(3) bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration; 
(4) forest restoration; 
(5) soil carbon management; and 
(6) direct ocean capture. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (in this section referred 
to as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in consultation with the heads of any other 
relevant Federal agencies, shall prepare a report that— 
(1) estimates the magnitude of excess carbon dioxide in 
the atmosphere that will need to be removed by 2050 to achieve 
net-zero emissions and stabilize the climate; 
(2) inventories current and emerging approaches of carbon 
dioxide removal and evaluates the advantages and disadvan-
tages of each of the approaches; and 
(3) identifies recommendations for legislation, funding, 
rules, revisions to rules, financing mechanisms, or other policy 
tools that the Federal Government can use to sufficiently 
advance the deployment of carbon dioxide removal projects 
in order to meet, in the aggregate, the magnitude of needed 
removals estimated under paragraph (1), including policy tools, 
such as— 
(A) grants; 
(B) loans or loan guarantees; 
(C) public-private partnerships; 
(D) direct procurement; 
(E) incentives, including subsidized Federal financing 
mechanisms available to project developers; 
(F) advance market commitments; 
(G) regulations; and 
(H) any other policy mechanism determined by the 
Secretary to be beneficial for advancing carbon dioxide 
removal methods and the deployment of carbon dioxide 
removal projects. 
(c) SUBMISSION; PUBLICATION.—The Secretary shall— 
(1) submit the report prepared under subsection (b) to 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committees on Energy and Commerce and Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives; and 
(2) as soon as practicable after completion of the report, 
make the report publicly available. 
(d) EVALUATION; REVISION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
on which the Secretary publishes the report under subsection 
(c)(2), and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall evaluate 
the findings and recommendations of the report, or the most 
recent updated report submitted under paragraph (2)(B), as 
applicable, taking into consideration any issues and rec-
ommendations identified by the task force established under 
subsection (e)(1). 
(2) REVISION.—After completing each evaluation under 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
(A) revise the report as necessary; and
H. R. 133—1371 
(B) if the Secretary revises the report under subpara-
graph (A), submit and publish the updated report in accord-
ance with subsection (c). 
(e) TASK FORCE.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
establish a task force— 
(A) to identify barriers to advancement of carbon 
dioxide removal methods and the deployment of carbon 
dioxide removal projects; 
(B) to inventory existing or potential Federal legisla-
tion, rules, revisions to rules, financing mechanisms, or 
other policy tools that are capable of advancing carbon 
dioxide removal methods and the deployment of carbon 
dioxide removal projects; 
(C) to assist in preparing the report described in sub-
section (b) and any updates to the report under subsection 
(d); and 
(D) to advise the Secretary on matters pertaining to 
carbon dioxide removal. 
(2) MEMBERS AND SELECTION.—The Secretary shall— 
(A) develop criteria for the selection of members to 
the task force established under paragraph (1); and 
(B) select members for the task force in accordance 
with the criteria developed under subparagraph (A). 
(3) MEETINGS.—The task force shall meet not less fre-
quently than once each year. 
(4) EVALUATION.—Not later than 7 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall— 
(A) reevaluate the need for the task force established 
under paragraph (1); and 
(B) submit to Congress a recommendation as to 
whether the task force should continue. 
TITLE VI—INDUSTRIAL AND 
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES 
SEC. 6001. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this title and the amendments made by this 
title is to encourage the development and evaluation of innovative 
technologies aimed at increasing— 
(1) the technological and economic competitiveness of 
industry and manufacturing in the United States; and 
(2) the emissions reduction of nonpower industrial sectors. 
SEC. 6002. COORDINATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF 
ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRY. 
Section 6(a) of the American Energy Manufacturing Technical 
Corrections Act (42 U.S.C. 6351(a)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Industrial Technologies Program’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘Advanced Manufacturing 
Office’’; and 
(2) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
‘‘Office of Energy’’ and all that follows through ‘‘Office of 
Science’’ and inserting ‘‘Department of Energy’’.
H. R. 133—1372 
SEC. 
6003. 
INDUSTRIAL 
EMISSIONS 
REDUCTION 
TECHNOLOGY 
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy Independ-
ence and Security Act of 2007 is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘SEC. 
454. 
INDUSTRIAL 
EMISSIONS 
REDUCTION 
TECHNOLOGY 
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the Director 
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible entity’ means— 
‘‘(A) a scientist or other individual with knowledge 
and expertise in emissions reduction; 
‘‘(B) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(C) a nongovernmental organization; 
‘‘(D) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(E) a private entity; and 
‘‘(F) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more entities 
described in subparagraphs (B) through (E). 
‘‘(3) EMISSIONS REDUCTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘emissions reduction’ 
means the reduction, to the maximum extent practicable, 
of net nonwater greenhouse gas emissions to the 
atmosphere by energy services and industrial processes. 
‘‘(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘emissions reduction’ does 
not include the elimination of carbon embodied in the prin-
cipal products of industrial manufacturing. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the program 
established under subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(5) CRITICAL MATERIAL OR MINERAL.—The term ‘critical 
material or mineral’ means a material or mineral that serves 
an essential function in the manufacturing of a product and 
has a high risk of a supply disruption, such that a shortage 
of such a material or mineral would have significant con-
sequences for United States economic or national security. 
‘‘(b) INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary, in 
consultation with the Director, the heads of relevant Federal 
agencies, National Laboratories, industry, and institutions of 
higher education, shall establish a crosscutting industrial emis-
sions reduction technology development program of research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application to 
advance innovative technologies that— 
‘‘(A) increase the technological and economic competi-
tiveness of industry and manufacturing in the United 
States; 
‘‘(B) increase the viability and competitiveness of 
United States industrial technology exports; and 
‘‘(C) achieve emissions reduction in nonpower indus-
trial sectors. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(A) coordinate with each relevant office in the Depart-
ment and any other Federal agency;