SEC. 2. DESIGNATION OF MAJOR DEMOCRATIC ALLIES; IM-
PROVED 
OVERSIGHT 
OF 
CERTAIN 
DES-
IGNATED ALLIES. 
(a) DESIGNATION AND OVERSIGHT.—Chapter 2 of 
part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2311 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new sections: 
‘‘SEC. 518. DESIGNATION OF MAJOR DEMOCRATIC ALLIES. 
‘‘(a) DESIGNATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The President may des-
ignate a country that the President determines 
meets the standards under paragraph (2) as a major 
democratic ally for purposes of this Act and the 
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.). 
‘‘(2) STANDARDS.—A country meets the stand-
ards under this paragraph if the country— 
‘‘(A) adheres to democratic principles; or 
‘‘(B) demonstrates progress towards such 
principles. 
‘‘(3) NOTICE
TO
CONGRESS.—The President 
shall notify the Congress in writing at least 30 days 
before— 
‘‘(A) designating a country as a major 
democratic ally pursuant to paragraph (1); or 
‘‘(B) terminating such a designation. 
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‘‘(4) INITIAL DESIGNATIONS.—Ukraine, the Re-
public of Georgia, and the Republic of Moldova shall 
be deemed to have been so designated by the Presi-
dent as of the effective date of this section, and the 
President is not required to notify the Congress of 
such designation of those countries. 
‘‘(b) BENEFITS FOR DESIGNATED COUNTRIES.— 
‘‘(1) IMPROVED PROVISION OF DEFENSE ARTI-
CLES.—The President, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of Defense, shall take such steps as may be 
necessary to simplify and accelerate the provision of 
defense articles to countries designated as major 
democratic allies under subsection (a), including by 
ensuring that, in selecting countries with which the 
Secretary of Defense will seek to enter into a secu-
rity of supply arrangement, the Secretary of Defense 
gives priority to such countries. 
‘‘(2) IMPROVED TRADE TERMS FOR DEFENSE 
ARTICLES AND STRATEGIC MATERIALS.—The Presi-
dent, in coordination with the Secretary of State and 
the Secretary of Commerce, shall provide for im-
proved trade terms for defense articles and strategic 
materials between countries designated as major 
democratic allies under subsection (a) and the 
United States, including by waiving or reducing, in 
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whole or in part, tariffs for the importation from 
such countries into the United States of such arti-
cles and materials. 
‘‘(3) DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE COMMISSIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President shall 
seek to establish a bilateral commission between 
each country designated as a major democratic 
ally under subsection (a) and the United States 
for the purpose of facilitating bilateral efforts 
relating to security cooperation, security assist-
ance, the promotion of democracy, human 
rights, trade, and such other issues as the 
President may determine appropriate and con-
sistent with such designation. Each commission 
so established shall be known as a ‘Democratic 
Alliance Commission’. 
‘‘(B) MEETINGS.—Each Democratic Alli-
ance Commission established between a country 
designated as a major democratic ally and the 
United States pursuant to paragraph (A) shall 
hold regular meetings. Such meetings shall be 
co-chaired by the Secretary of State (or the 
Special Advisor under section 519(a), as an al-
ternate co-chair) and an appropriate counter-
part of the government of such country. 
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‘‘(C) PREEXISTING COMMISSIONS.—If the 
President determines that, as of the date on 
which a country is designated as a major demo-
cratic ally under subsection (a) or deemed to 
have been so designated, there is a previously 
established bilateral commission between that 
country and the United States with the capa-
bility to serve the purpose referred to in sub-
paragraph (A), such commission may be 
deemed a ‘Democratic Alliance Commission’ for 
purposes of that subparagraph and the Presi-
dent shall not be required to seek to establish 
a new commission. 
‘‘(c) TERMINATION.—With respect to the designation 
of a country as a major democratic ally under this section, 
the President may terminate such designation if the Presi-
dent determines, taking into consideration the findings of 
the annual reports submitted pursuant to section 519(c) 
and such other considerations as the President may deter-
mine appropriate, that the country does not meet the 
standards under subsection (a)(2). 
‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The designation of 
a country as a major democratic ally under this section 
may not be construed as a substitute or impediment to— 
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‘‘(1) accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Or-
ganization; 
‘‘(2) entrance into a bilateral security treaty 
with the United States; or 
‘‘(3) entrance into any other form of alliance or 
alignment with the United States or the Euro-Atlan-
tic community. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) DEFENSE
ARTICLE.—The term ‘defense 
article’ has the meaning given that term in section 
47 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2794). 
‘‘(2) SECURITY
SUPPLY
ARRANGEMENT.—The 
term ‘security supply arrangement’ means a non- 
binding international agreement between the Sec-
retary of Defense and an appropriate counterpart 
from a foreign government that provides a frame-
work for the priority receipt and provision of defense 
articles and defense services between the United 
States and the foreign government. 
‘‘(3) STRATEGIC MATERIAL.—The term ‘stra-
tegic material’ means a material determined stra-
tegic by the President, such as titanium, steel, man-
ganese, and rare earth elements. 
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‘‘SEC. 519. OVERSIGHT OF MAJOR NON-NATO ALLIES AND 
MAJOR DEMOCRATIC ALLIES. 
‘‘(a) SPECIAL ADVISOR.— 
‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—The Secretary of State 
shall appoint a Special Advisor for Major Non- 
NATO Allies and Major Democratic Allies. 
‘‘(2) PAY
RATE.—The Special Advisor under 
paragraph (1) shall be compensated at the rate pro-
vided for Level IV of the Executive Schedule Pay 
Rates under section 5315 of title 5, United States 
Code. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The duties of the Special Advi-
sor under paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
‘‘(A) Overseeing the relations of the United 
States with covered countries to ensure each 
covered country receives appropriate benefits 
and adheres to appropriate standards in accord-
ance with the respective covered designation of 
that country. 
‘‘(B) Overseeing support by the United 
States for the promotion of democracy in cov-
ered countries. 
‘‘(C) Advising the President on the addi-
tion of new covered countries. 
‘‘(D) Advising the President on the termi-
nation of covered designations, including by as-
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sisting in the development of recommendations 
included in the annual report under subsection 
(c). 
‘‘(E) Coordinating efforts under each 
Democratic Alliance Commission established 
pursuant to paragraph (3) of section 518(b), in-
cluding by serving as alternate co-chair of meet-
ings pursuant to subparagraph (B) of such 
paragraph. 
‘‘(4) STAFF AND DETAILEES.— 
‘‘(A) STAFF.—The Special Advisor under 
paragraph (1) may appoint personnel from 
among employees in the civil service or mem-
bers of the Foreign Service as the Special Advi-
sor considers appropriate. 
‘‘(B) DETAILEES.—Upon request of the 
Special Advisor under paragraph (1), the head 
of any office of the legislative branch or Federal 
department or agency may detail, on a reim-
bursable basis, any personnel of that office, de-
partment, or agency to the Special Advisor to 
assist in carrying out the duties under para-
graph (3). The Special Advisor shall encourage, 
to the maximum extent practicable, the detail of 
personnel under this subparagraph in carrying 
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out such duties, to ensure interagency coordina-
tion. 
‘‘(b) DEPUTY SPECIAL ADVISOR.— 
‘‘(1) DESIGNATION.—The Secretary of State 
shall designate a civil service officer or Foreign 
Service officer serving in a position classified at GS– 
15 under the General Schedule under subchapter III 
of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, or (in 
the case of a detailee) an equivalent level under an-
other wage system, as the Deputy Special Advisor 
for Major Non-NATO Allies and Major Democratic 
Allies. 
‘‘(2) RELATIONSHIP
TO
SPECIAL
ADVISOR.— 
The Deputy Special Advisor under paragraph (1) 
shall report to the Special Advisor under subsection 
(a)(1) and shall serve as Special Advisor in the ab-
sence of the Special Advisor. 
‘‘(c) ANNUAL REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State (in 
coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Sec-
retary of Commerce, and the Special Advisor under 
subsection (a)(1)) shall annually submit to the 
President and Congress, and make publicly avail-
able, a report on covered countries. 
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‘‘(2) MATTERS.—Each report submitted under 
paragraph (1) shall include an assessment of the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) Efforts taken by each covered country 
to promote positive relations between the cov-
ered country and other allies and partners of 
the United States. 
‘‘(B) The activities and goals of each 
Democratic Alliance Commission established 
pursuant to section 518(b)(3). 
‘‘(C) The adherence to, or progress made 
towards, democratic principles by each covered 
country. 
‘‘(D) The suitability of each covered coun-
try to maintain the respective covered designa-
tion of that country (which may include, at the 
discretion of the Secretary of State, a rec-
ommendation on whether the President should 
terminate such covered designation). 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) COVERED COUNTRY.—The term ‘covered 
country’ means a country with a covered designa-
tion. 
‘‘(2) COVERED DESIGNATION.—The term ‘cov-
ered designation’ means a designation as a major 
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non-NATO ally pursuant to section 517 or a major 
defense ally pursuant to section 518.’’. 
(b) EQUIVALENCY OF MAJOR DEMOCRATIC ALLIES 
TO MAJOR NON-NATO ALLIES.— 
(1) EQUIVALENCY UNDER FOREIGN ASSISTANCE 
ACT OF 1961.—The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
as amended by subsection (a), is further amended— 
(A) in section 514(c)(2) (22 U.S.C. 
2321h), by inserting ‘‘ a major democratic 
ally,’’ after ‘‘a major non-NATO ally,’’; 
(B) in section 516(c)(2) (22 U.S.C. 
2321j), by inserting ‘‘ and major democratic al-
lies’’ after ‘‘major non-NATO allies’’; 
(C) in section 620J(a)(2) (22 U.S.C. 
2378a), by striking ‘‘(as defined in section 
644(q))’’ and inserting ‘‘or a major democratic 
ally (as such terms are defined in section 
644)’’; and 
(D) in section 644 (22 U.S.C. 2403), by 
adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(r) MAJOR DEMOCRATIC ALLY.—In this section, the 
term ‘major democratic ally’ means a country which is 
designated in accordance with section 518 as a major 
democratic ally for purposes of this Act and the Arms Ex-
port Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.).’’. 
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(2) EQUIVALENCY UNDER ARMS EXPORT CON-
TROL
ACT.—The Arms Export Control Act is 
amended— 
(A) in section 21(g) (22 U.S.C. 2761), by 
inserting ‘‘ or major democratic allies’’ after 
‘‘major non-NATO allies’’; and 
(B) in section 65(a)(1) (22 U.S.C. 2796d), 
by inserting ‘‘, or a major democratic ally,’’ 
after ‘‘major non-NATO ally’’ each place it ap-
pears. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 5315 of 
title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new item: 
‘‘Special Advisor for Major Non-NATO Allies 
and Major Democratic Allies.’’. 
SEC. 3. DEFENSE OF UKRAINE, REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA, 
AND OTHER COUNTRIES FROM RUSSIAN AG-
GRESSION. 
(a) SENSE
OF CONGRESS.—Consistent with long-
standing United States policy, and consistent with the dec-
laration at the 2008 North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(NATO) Summit in Bucharest, Romania, that Ukraine 
and the Republic of Georgia will accede to NATO, it is 
the sense of Congress that Ukraine, the Republic of Geor-
gia, and the Republic of Moldova, should it wish to join, 
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would be welcome and valuable allies in NATO upon ac-
cession. 
(b) ACTIONS RELATING TO UKRAINE AND REPUBLIC 
OF GEORGIA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall— 
(A) direct the Permanent Representative of 
the United States to NATO to use the voice, 
vote, and influence of the United States at 
NATO to advocate for and accelerate the acces-
sion of Ukraine and the Republic of Georgia to 
NATO; and 
(B) until the date on which such accessions 
have occurred, take such steps as may be nec-
essary to ensure the independence, sovereignty, 
and security of Ukraine and the Republic of 
Georgia. 
(2) ANNUAL
REPORT.—On an annual basis 
until the date on which Ukraine and the Republic of 
Georgia accede to NATO, the Secretary of State 
shall submit to Congress a report on the efforts 
taken by the President during the year covered by 
the report to advocate for and accelerate the acces-
sion of Ukraine and the Republic of Georgia to 
NATO. 
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(c) UNITED STATES POLICY RELATING TO DEFENSE 
OF CERTAIN NATO MEMBER STATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—It is the policy of the United 
States that the President shall consider any direct or 
indirect armed attack attributable to the Russian 
Federation against a member state of NATO inter-
vening in defense of any country described in para-
graph (2) against Russian aggression as an armed 
attack subject to the principle of collective defense 
pursuant to Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, 
signed at Washington on April 4, 1949. 
(2) COUNTRIES DESCRIBED.—The countries de-
scribed in this paragraph are the following: 
(A) The Republic of Georgia. 
(B) Moldova. 
(C) Ukraine. 
(D) Any other country in Europe that is 
not a member state of NATO. 
(d) PLANS REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall complete the development of a separate plan 
for the defense against Russia, consistent with the re-
quired actions under subsection (b)(1), as applicable, of 
each of the countries listed in subparagraphs (A) through 
(C) of subsection (c)(2). 
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SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON DETERRENCE OF FUR-
THER 
RUSSIAN 
AGGRESSION 
AGAINST 
UKRAINE WITH RESPECT TO THREAT OF 
WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Russian Federation is currently en-
gaged in a brutal, illegal, premeditated, and destruc-
tive war against the sovereign, democratic country of 
Ukraine. 
(2) The Russian war on Ukraine is in gross, 
clear, and uncorrected violation of the principles of 
the Helsinki Final Act, in contravention of the 
United Nations Charter, in violation of its obliga-
tions under the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, and 
an unmitigated moral stain on its countenance. 
(3) The Russian leadership has made numerous 
implied and overt threats regarding the potential use 
of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons of mass 
destruction in connection with its barbaric war on 
Ukraine. 
(4) The Russian war on Ukraine is not only a 
humanitarian catastrophe and a global and national 
security crisis, but also a direct and potentially ir-
reparable threat to global nonproliferation, including 
notorious and gross Russian violations of its obliga-
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tions under the Budapest Memorandums and the 
conduct of a civilized state. 
(5) In exchange for Ukraine eliminating all nu-
clear weapons from its territory, the 1994 Budapest 
Memorandum committed its signatories, Russia, the 
United Kingdom, and the United States, to refrain 
from the threat or use of force or economic coercion 
against Ukraine, and provided guarantees for the 
independence and sovereignty and territorial integ-
rity of Ukraine. 
(6) The employment of chemical or biological 
weapons by Russia would be in violation of its obli-
gations under the Chemical Weapons Convention, 
the Geneva Protocol, and the Biological Weapons 
Convention. 
(7) The United States does not seek war, and 
urges an immediate end to Russian aggression in 
and against Ukraine, but the potential use of chem-
ical, biological, or nuclear weapons of mass destruc-
tion by the Russian military constitutes grave esca-
lation over redlines that imperil United States na-
tional security and international peace. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the President should— 
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(A) declare that the Russian employment 
of chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons of 
mass destruction, including low-yield ‘‘tactical’’ 
nuclear weapons, ‘‘false flag’’ operations using 
such weapons of mass destruction, and the pur-
poseful or deliberate targeting or neglect of nu-
clear facilities that leads to a nuclear event, 
against or in connection with the Russian war 
on Ukraine, would represent crimes against hu-
manity; 
(B) treat such crimes against humanity as 
an urgent national and global security threat 
that may require, in concert with other member 
states of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion, the employment of any available conven-
tional means as necessary to secure the peace, 
including the potential need to degrade and de-
stroy offending Russian forces in Ukraine; and 
(C) make immediate efforts to provide the 
military and other material means needed for 
the 
legitimate 
democratic 
Government 
of 
Ukraine to be able to defend its national sov-
ereignty; and 
(2) Congress stands ready to make additional 
appropriations or pass other legislation to meet the 
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needs of securing the common struggle of Ukraine, 
Europe, and the United States against Russian ag-
gression. 
Æ 
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