ing strategies needed to provide effective 
instruction and other school readiness serv-
ices in the areas of early language and lit-
eracy, early mathematics, cognitive skills, 
approaches to learning, creative arts, 
science, physical health and development, 
and social and emotional development. 
‘‘(iii) Improving the qualifications and 
skills of educational personnel to meet the 
professional standards established under 
section 648A(a)(1), including providing as-
sistance to complete postsecondary course 
work, subject to section 648A(a)(2)(D). 
‘‘(iv) Ensuring that the physical envi-
ronments of Head Start programs are con-
ducive to providing effective program serv-
ices to children and families, and are ac-
cessible to children with disabilities and 
other individuals with disabilities. 
‘‘(v) Employing additional qualified 
classroom staff necessary to reduce the 
child to teacher ratio in the classroom and 
family to staff ratio for family services 
workers. 
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‘‘(vi) Ensuring that such programs 
have qualified staff that can promote lan-
guage skills and literacy growth of children 
and that can provide children with a vari-
ety of skills that have been identified, 
through scientifically based reading re-
search, as predictive of later reading 
achievement. 
‘‘(vii) Increasing hours of program op-
eration, including— 
‘‘(I) conversion of part-day to 
full-day; and 
‘‘(II) number of weeks operated 
in a calendar year. 
‘‘(C) ALLOCATION.— 
‘‘(i) Funds reserved under subpara-
graph (A) shall be allotted by the Sec-
retary as follows: 
‘‘(I) 80 percent of such funds 
shall be allotted among the States in 
the same proportion as the Secretary 
allots funds among the States under 
paragraph (4) for the respective fiscal 
year. 
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‘‘(II) 20 percent of such funds 
shall be allotted among the States, 
geographical areas specified in sub-
section (a)(2)(B) and Indian Head 
Start programs and migrant and sea-
sonal Head Start programs, and used 
to make grants to Head Start agen-
cies, at the discretion of the Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(ii) Funds allotted under clause (i) 
shall be used by the Secretary to make 
grants to Head Start agencies that receive 
grants from funds allotted under para-
graph (4) for such fiscal year, in such 
amounts as the Secretary considers to be 
appropriate, for expenditure for activities 
specified in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(iii) Funds received under this sub-
paragraph shall be used to supplement, not 
to supplant, funds received under para-
graph (2) or (4). 
‘‘(4) GRANT DISTRIBUTION.—Subject to section 
639(b), the Secretary shall allot the remaining 
amounts appropriated in each fiscal year among the 
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States, in accordance with latest satisfactory data so 
that— 
‘‘(A) each State receives an amount which 
is equal to the amount the State received for 
fiscal year 2007; and 
‘‘(B) any amount available after all allot-
ments are made under subparagraph (A) for 
such fiscal year shall be distributed proportion-
ately on the basis of the number of children less 
than 5 years of age from families whose income 
is below the poverty line. 
For purposes of this paragraph, for each fiscal year 
the Secretary shall use the most recent data avail-
able on the number of children less than 5 years of 
age from families whose income is below the poverty 
line, as published by the Department of Commerce, 
unless the Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce 
determine that use of the most recent data available 
would be inappropriate or unreliable. If the Sec-
retary and the Secretary of Commerce determine 
that some or all of the data referred to in this para-
graph are inappropriate or unreliable, the Secre-
taries shall issue a report setting forth their reasons 
in detail. 
‘‘(5) COLLABORATION GRANTS.— 
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‘‘(A) From amounts reserved and allotted 
under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall award 
the collaboration grants described in subpara-
graphs (B), (C), and (D). 
‘‘(B)(i) From the reserved sums, the Sec-
retary shall award upon submission of a written 
request, a collaboration grant to each State and 
to each national administrative office serving 
Indian Head Start programs and migrant and 
seasonal Head Start programs to facilitate col-
laboration between Head Start agencies and en-
tities (including the State or national adminis-
trative office) that carry out other activities de-
signed to benefit low-income families and chil-
dren from birth to school entry. The national 
administrative offices shall use the funds made 
available through the grants to carry out the 
authorities and responsibilities described in sub-
paragraphs (B) and (C). 
‘‘(ii) Grants described in clause (i) shall be 
used to— 
‘‘(I) assist Head Start agencies to col-
laborate with entities involved in State and 
local planning processes to better meet the 
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needs of low-income families and children 
from birth to school entry; 
‘‘(II) assist Head Start agencies to co-
ordinate activities with the State agency 
responsible for administering the State 
program carried out under the Child Care 
and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 
(42 U.S.C. 9858 et seq.) and entities pro-
viding resource and referral services in the 
State, to make full-working-day and full 
calendar year services available to children; 
‘‘(III) promote alignment of Head 
Start curricula and continuity of services 
with the Head Start Child Outcomes 
Framework and State early learning stand-
ards, as appropriate; 
‘‘(IV) promote better linkages between 
Head Start agencies and other child and 
family agencies, including agencies that 
provide health, mental health, or family 
services, or other child or family supportive 
services, such as services provided under 
section 619 or part C of the Individuals 
with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 
1419, 1431 et seq.); and 
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‘‘(V) carry out the activities of the 
State Director of Head Start Collaboration 
authorized in subparagraph (D). 
‘‘(C) In order to improve coordination and 
delivery of early education services to children 
in the State, a State that receives a collabora-
tion grant under subparagraph (B) shall— 
‘‘(i) appoint or designate an individual 
to serve as, or carry out the responsibilities 
of, the State Director of Head Start Col-
laboration; 
‘‘(ii) ensure that the State Director of 
Head Start Collaboration holds a position 
with sufficient authority and access to en-
sure that the collaboration described in 
subparagraph (B) is effective and involves 
a range of State agencies; and 
‘‘(iii) involve the State Head Start As-
sociation in the selection of the Director 
and involve the Association in determina-
tions relating to the ongoing direction of 
the collaboration office. 
‘‘(D) The State Director of Head Start 
Collaboration shall— 
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‘‘(i) not later than 1 year after the 
State receives a collaboration grant under 
subparagraph (B), conduct an assessment 
that— 
‘‘(I) addresses the needs of Head 
Start agencies in the State with re-
spect to collaboration, coordination, 
and alignment of services, and align-
ment of curricula and assessments 
with the Head Start Child Outcomes 
Framework, and with State early 
learning standards, as appropriate; 
‘‘(II) shall be updated on an an-
nual basis; and 
‘‘(III) shall be made available to 
the general public within the State; 
‘‘(ii) develop a strategic plan that is 
based on the assessment described in 
clause (i) that will— 
‘‘(I) enhance collaboration and 
coordination of Head Start services 
with other entities providing early 
childhood programs and services (such 
as child care or services offered by 
museums), health care, mental health 
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care, welfare, child protective services, 
education and community service ac-
tivities, family literacy services, read-
ing readiness programs (including 
such programs offered by public and 
school libraries), services relating to 
children with disabilities, other early 
childhood programs and services for 
limited English proficient children and 
homeless children, and services pro-
vided for children in foster care and 
children referred to Head Start pro-
grams by child welfare agencies, in-
cluding agencies and State officials re-
sponsible for such services; 
‘‘(II) assist Head Start agencies 
to develop a plan for the provision of 
full-working-day, full calendar year 
services for children enrolled in Head 
Start programs who need such care; 
‘‘(III) assist Head Start agencies 
to align curricula and assessments 
with the Head Start Child Outcomes 
Framework and to the State early 
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learning standards, as appropriate; 
and 
‘‘(IV) enable Head Start agencies 
in the State to better access profes-
sional development opportunities for 
Head Start staff, such as by— 
‘‘(aa) working with local 
Head Start agencies to meet the 
degree requirements described in 
section 648A(a)(2)(A), including 
providing distance learning op-
portunities for Head Start staff, 
where needed to make higher 
education 
more 
accessible 
to 
Head Start staff; and 
‘‘(bb) enabling the State 
Head Start agencies to better 
conduct outreach to eligible fami-
lies; 
‘‘(iii) promote partnerships between 
Head Start agencies, State and local gov-
ernments, and the private sector to help 
ensure that children, who are in Head 
Start programs, are receiving comprehen-
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sive services to prepare the children to 
enter school ready to succeed; 
‘‘(iv) consult with the chief State 
school officer, local educational agencies, 
and providers of early childhood education 
and care, regarding early care and edu-
cation services at both the State and local 
levels; 
‘‘(v) promote partnerships between 
Head Start agencies, schools, law enforce-
ment, relevant community-based organiza-
tions, and substance abuse and mental 
health treatment agencies to strengthen 
family and community environments and 
to reduce the impact on child development 
of substance abuse, child abuse, domestic 
violence, and other high risk behaviors that 
compromise healthy development; 
‘‘(vi) promote partnerships between 
Head Start agencies and other organiza-
tions in order to enhance Head Start pro-
gram quality, including partnerships to 
promote inclusion of more books in Head 
Start classrooms; 
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‘‘(vii) identify other resources and or-
ganizations (both public and private) for 
the provision of in-kind services to Head 
Start agencies in the State; and 
‘‘(viii) work with the State Early 
Learning Council in order to assist the ef-
forts of Head Start agencies to engage in 
effective coordination and collaboration. 
‘‘(6) EARLY HEAD START.— 
‘‘(A) 
AMOUNTS
RESERVED.—From 
amounts reserved and allotted pursuant to 
paragraphs (2) and (4), the Secretary shall use, 
for grants for programs described in section 
645A(a), a portion of the combined total of 
such amounts that is not less than 12 percent 
for fiscal year 2008, not less than 14 percent 
for fiscal year 2009, not less than 16 percent 
for fiscal year 2010, not less than 18 percent 
for fiscal year 2011, and not less than 20 per-
cent for fiscal year 2012 of the amount appro-
priated pursuant to section 639(a). 
‘‘(B) LIMITATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) For any fiscal year for which 
the Secretary determines that the 
amount appropriated under section 
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639(a) is not sufficient to permit the 
Secretary to reserve the portion de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) without 
reducing the number of children 
served by Head Start programs or ad-
versely affecting the quality of Head 
Start services, relative to the number 
of children served and the quality of 
the services during the preceding fis-
cal year, the Secretary may reduce the 
percentage of funds required to be re-
served for the portion described in 
subparagraph (A) for the fiscal year 
for which the determination is made, 
but not below the percentage required 
to be so reserved for the preceding fis-
cal year. 
‘‘(ii) For any fiscal year for 
which the amount appropriated under 
section 639(a) is reduced to a level 
that requires a lower amount to be 
made available under this subchapter 
to Head Start agencies and entities 
described in section 645A, relative to 
the amount made available to such 
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