before a disaster strikes. Building more resilient 
communities is the best way to reduce risks to peo-
ple, property, and taxpayer dollars.’’. 
(9) The Government Accountability Office 
found that the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency spends 88 percent of its budget on 
postdisaster mitigation. 
(10) For fiscal year 2020 grant application 
cycle, the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
received nearly $4,000,000,000 in applications for 
their grant programs. However, in fiscal year 2020, 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency only 
made $700,000,000 available for predisaster mitiga-
tion. 
(11) Public-sector investment in mitigation 
since 1995 by the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency and the Housing and Urban Development 
Agency cost the country $27,000,000,000 but is pro-
jected to save $160,000,000,000, totaling $6 saved 
per $1 invested. 
(12) The United States has an opportunity to 
use disaster mitigation to minimize risk, improve re-
siliency, and address social problems. 
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SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2) by inserting ‘‘extreme tem-
perature event, including heat wave or freeze,’’ after 
‘‘snowstorm’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(13) RESILIENCE.—Except as otherwise pro-
vided, the term ‘resilience’ means the ability to pre-
pare for and adapt to changing conditions and with-
stand and recover rapidly from disruptions, includ-
ing the ability— 
‘‘(A)(i) to resist hazards or withstand im-
pacts from a weather event or major disaster; 
or 
‘‘(ii) to reduce the magnitude or duration 
of impacts of a disruptive weather event or 
major disaster on a project; and 
‘‘(B)(i) to assess and understand current 
risk to extreme weather and major disasters, as 
well as the potential for changing risk over 
time; 
‘‘(ii) to improve the community’s capacity 
to lessen its risk by planning for and adapting 
to changing conditions; and 
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‘‘(iii) 
to 
achieve 
equitable 
outcomes 
through risk management and protect the safe-
ty and well-being of an entire community, in-
cluding its most vulnerable populations.’’. 
SEC. 4. FEDERAL AND STATE PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGA-
TION ASSISTANCE. 
Section 201 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5131) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) USES OF FUNDS.—A State that receives a grant 
under this section may also use grant funds for other pur-
poses, including— 
‘‘(1) to weatherize and retrofit building struc-
tures, including the installation of heat pumps, air 
conditioners, and air filtration or ventilation systems 
in a way that is cost effective and reduces the risk 
of damage from further disasters; 
‘‘(2) to reduce the impacts of extreme tempera-
tures, including by improving building insulation in 
a way that is cost effective and reduces the risk of 
damage from further disasters; 
‘‘(3) to increase or enhance natural climate re-
silient infrastructure, including urban tree canopy, 
green space, functioning floodplains, creeks, streams, 
and wetlands, or other mitigation activities that con-
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serve or restore natural features that can serve to 
abate or lessen the impacts of future disasters; 
‘‘(4) to improve air quality and mitigate against 
wildfire smoke or other air quality contaminants re-
lated to a major disaster or emergency; 
‘‘(5) to provide financial and technical support 
to State, local, and Indian Tribal health providers or 
organizations to carry out community-led climate ad-
aptations and interventions; 
‘‘(6) to provide disaster preparedness or com-
munity emergency response team training to com-
munity-based organizations and residents; 
‘‘(7) to develop emergency plans for disadvan-
taged communities, including homeless residents, 
disabled residents, children, the elderly, non-native 
English speakers, residents lacking access to reliable 
transportation, and otherwise disadvantaged commu-
nities, as well as pets and service animals; 
‘‘(8) to develop community climate resilient in-
frastructure, including extreme weather or tempera-
ture shelters, emergency transportation or mobility 
options, and resilient community energy infrastruc-
ture; 
‘‘(9) to advise, plan, and implement for commu-
nity resilience and adaptation; 
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‘‘(10) to develop and implement participatory 
processes that allow for public engagement in deter-
mining and addressing local risks and vulnerabilities; 
‘‘(11) to adopt and comply with the standards 
set forth in section 406(e)(1)(A); 
‘‘(12) to improve the fire resistance of struc-
tures, including homes, businesses, public buildings, 
and critical facilities, as well as non-structures; 
‘‘(13) to improve the seismic resilience of struc-
tures, including homes, businesses, public buildings, 
critical facilities, critical systems such as sewage and 
water, as well as non-structures; and 
‘‘(14) for other specific resilience activities de-
termined appropriate by the Administrator. 
‘‘(f) COLLABORATION.—In awarding grants under 
this section, the Administrator shall coordinate with other 
relevant agencies, such as the Department of Energy, the 
Department of Transportation, the Department of Hous-
ing and Urban Development, and the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, as necessary, to improve collaboration for 
activities described in subsection (e).’’. 
SEC. 5. PREDISASTER MITIGATION. 
Section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is 
amended— 
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(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the following 
definitions apply: 
‘‘(1) UNDERSERVED
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘underserved community’ means a community of 
30,000 or fewer individuals that is identified by the 
State as a rural community, and is not a remote 
area within the corporate boundaries of a larger city 
that— 
‘‘(A) is economically disadvantaged, by 
having an average per capita annual income of 
residents not exceeding 80 percent of national, 
per capita income, based on best available data; 
‘‘(B) the local unemployment rate exceeds 
by 1 percentage point or more, the most re-
cently reported, average yearly national unem-
ployment rate; and 
‘‘(C) any other factors identified in the 
State Plan in which the community is located. 
‘‘(2) DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘disadvantaged community’ means a community, or 
a specific neighborhood within a community, that 
is— 
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‘‘(A) located in a census tract with a Cen-
ters for Disease Control Social Vulnerability 
Index score of not less than 0.7501; 
‘‘(B) comprised of residents having an av-
erage per capita annual income not exceeding 
80 percent of national per capita income; or 
‘‘(C) otherwise determined by the Adminis-
trator based factors such as percentage of 
homeless population, demographic information 
such as race, age, and disability, language com-
position, and transportation access or type. 
‘‘(3) PRIVATE
NONPROFIT
ORGANIZATION.— 
The term ‘private nonprofit organization’ means any 
non-governmental agency or entity that— 
‘‘(A)(i) currently has an effective ruling 
letter from the Internal Revenue Service grant-
ing tax exemption under section 501(c), (d), or 
(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or 
‘‘(ii) has satisfactory evidence from the 
State that the organization or entity is a non- 
profit organized or doing business under State 
law; and 
‘‘(B) meets any other criteria established 
by the Administrator.’’; 
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(2) in subsection (b) by inserting after ‘‘assist-
ance to States and local governments’’ the following: 
‘‘, or to a private nonprofit organization, through a 
State, in the form of grants under this section for 
carrying out mitigation activities and’’; 
(3) in subsection (e)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(A) by striking ‘‘prin-
cipally’’ and all that follows and inserting the 
following: ‘‘principally— 
‘‘(i) to implement predisaster hazard 
mitigation measures that will be cost-effec-
tive and equitable long-term and provide 
enhanced protection to the community, in-
cluding vulnerable residents, and are de-
scribed in proposals approved by the Presi-
dent under this section; and 
‘‘(ii) to identify and provide financial 
and non-financial technical assistance, in-
cluding non-financial and direct technical 
assistance to underserved or disadvantaged 
communities under this section;’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)(B)— 
(i) by inserting after ‘‘may be used’’ 
the following: ‘‘for purposes, including’’; 
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(ii) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of 
clause (ii); 
(iii) by striking the period at the end 
of clause (iii); and 
(iv) by inserting at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(iv) to weatherize and retrofit build-
ing structures, including the installation of 
heat pumps, air conditioners, and air fil-
tration or ventilation systems in a way that 
is cost effective and reduces the risk of 
damage from further disasters; 
‘‘(v) to reduce the impacts of extreme 
temperatures including by improving build-
ing insulation in a way that is cost effec-
tive and reduces the risk of damage from 
further disasters; 
‘‘(vi) to increase or enhance natural 
climate resilient infrastructure, including 
urban tree canopy, increased green space, 
green 
roofing, 
functioning 
floodplains, 
creeks, streams, and wetlands, or other 
mitigation activities that conserve or re-
store natural features that can serve to 
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abate or lessen the impacts of future disas-
ters; 
‘‘(vii) to improve air quality and miti-
gate against wildfire smoke or other air 
quality contaminants related to a major 
disaster or emergency; 
‘‘(viii) to provide financial and tech-
nical support to State, local, and Indian 
Tribal health providers or organizations to 
carry out community-led climate adapta-
tions and interventions; 
‘‘(ix) 
to 
develop 
and 
implement 
participatory processes that allow for pub-
lic engagement in determining and ad-
dressing local risks and vulnerabilities; 
‘‘(x) to develop emergency plans with 
input from disadvantaged communities, in-
cluding consideration for homeless resi-
dents, disabled residents, children, the el-
derly, non-native English speakers, resi-
dents lacking access to reliable transpor-
tation, and otherwise disadvantaged com-
munities, as well as pets or service ani-
mals; 
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‘‘(xi) to develop community climate re-
silient infrastructure, including extreme 
weather or temperature shelters, emer-
gency transportation or mobility options, 
and resilient community energy infrastruc-
ture; 
‘‘(xii) to adopt and comply with stand-
ards set forth in section 406(e)(1)(A); 
‘‘(xiii) to improve the fire resistance 
of structures, including homes, businesses, 
public buildings, and critical facilities, as 
well as non-structures; 
‘‘(xiv) to improve the seismic resil-
ience of structures, including homes, busi-
nesses, public buildings, critical facilities, 
critical systems such as sewage and water, 
as well as non-structures; and 
‘‘(xv) for other specific resilience ac-
tivities determined appropriate by the Ad-
ministrator.’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) SPECIFIC
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.—The 
Administrator of the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency shall provide financial and non-finan-
cial technical assistance, including non-financial di-
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rect technical assistance for grant applications, to 
underserved communities and disadvantaged commu-
nities.’’; 
(4) in subsection (h) by striking paragraph (2) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(2) UNDERSERVED
COMMUNITIES
AND
DIS-
ADVANTAGED
COMMUNITIES.—Notwithstanding 
paragraph (1), the President shall contribute 100 
percent of the total cost of a mitigation activity car-
ried out in a underserved community or disadvan-
taged community.’’; and 
(5) in subsection (i)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘6 percent’’ and inserting 
‘‘15 percent’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘From such total amount made available from 
the Disaster Relief Fund, with respect to each 
major disaster, the President may set aside 2 
percent of the estimated aggregate amount of 
the grants to be made pursuant to sections 403, 
406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 for the major 
disaster for community planning and capacity 
building assistance.’’. 
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SEC. 6. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 322 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5165) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(2) before the semicolon in-
sert the following: ‘‘, including not conflicting with 
local plans, but integrating State, local, and tribal 
planning’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and 
(2) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; 
(B) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
redesignated, the following: 
‘‘(1) SPECIFICS IN MITIGATION PLANS.—In con-
junction with subsection (a), not later than 5 years 
after the date of enactment of this paragraph, each 
State, Indian Tribe, and territory shall clarify and 
include in its mitigation plan— 
‘‘(A) identifying the extent to which resil-
ience is or will be incorporated into other miti-
gation planning processes, including capital im-
provement budgets and transportation planning 
processes; 
‘‘(B) goals and objectives related to in-
creasing resilience over a 5-year period, includ-
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ing benchmarks for future work and an assess-
ment of past progress; 
‘‘(C) the building codes in existence at the 
time the plan is submitted and standards that 
are in use by the State for all manner of plan-
ning or development purposes and how the 
State has or will comply with the standards set 
forth in section 406(e)(1)(A); 
‘‘(D) the use of nature-based solutions, in-
cluding urban tree canopy, increased green 
space, green roofing, functioning floodplains, 
creeks, streams, and wetlands, or other mitiga-
tion activities that conserve or restore natural 
features that can serve to abate or lessen the 
impacts of future major disasters; 
‘‘(E) integration of each local mitigation 
plan with the State, Indian Tribe, or territory 
plan; and 
‘‘(F) the disparate impacts on disadvan-
taged communities and how the State intends 
to address such disparities.’’; 
(C) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by 
inserting ‘‘specific’’ before ‘‘mitigation’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(4) GUIDANCE.—The Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall issue 
specific guidance on resilience goals and provide 
technical assistance for States, Indian Tribes, and 
territories to meet such goals. 
‘‘(5) REPORTING.—Not less than every 5 years, 
the Administrator shall report the progress of meet-
ing the goals under this section to the Committees 
on Homeland Security, Financial Services, and 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives.’’. 
(b) ADEQUATE STAFFING.—The Administrator of 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall ensure 
that ample staff are available to develop the guidance and 
technical assistance under section 322(e)(4) of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act, including hazard mitigation planning staff and per-
sonnel with expertise in community planning, land use de-
velopment, and consensus based codes and hazard-resist-
ant designs at each regional office that specifically focus 
on providing financial and non-financial direct technical 
assistance to States, Indian Tribes, and territories. 
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SEC. 7. MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE 
STRUCTURES. 
Section 323(a)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5165a(a)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘applicable’’ the second 
time it appears and inserting ‘‘the latest pub-
lished editions of relevant consensus-based 
codes, specifications, and standards that incor-
porate the latest hazard-resistant designs’’; and 
(B) by adding before the period the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, including hazard-resistant designs’’; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) GUIDANCE.—The Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency shall provide guidance to 
implement the latest published editions of relevant con-
sensus-based codes, specifications, and standards that in-
corporate the latest hazard-resistant designs.’’. 
SEC. 8. GENERAL FEDERAL ASSISTANCE. 
Section 402(5) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170a(5)) is amended by striking ‘‘building code’’ and in-
serting ‘‘the latest editions of relevant consensus-based 
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building codes, specifications, and standards that incor-
porate the latest hazard-resistant designs,’’. 
SEC. 9. HAZARD MITIGATION. 
Section 404(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Re-
lief and emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5179c) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (13) by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in paragraph (14) by striking the period 
and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(15) to the extent practicable, to comply with 
the standards set forth in section 406(e)(1)(A); 
‘‘(16) to assist in the abatement of lead, mold, 
mildew, radon, asthma, and allergen triggers or 
other pollutants and hazardous materials directly 
caused by a major disaster or emergency, or as di-
rected by the Administrator; 
‘‘(17) to improve air quality and mitigate 
against wildfire smoke or other air quality contami-
nants related to a major disaster or emergency, or 
as directed by the Administrator; 
‘‘(18) to the extent practicable to improve the 
fire resistance of structures, including homes and 
public buildings; 
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‘‘(19) to improve the seismic resilience of struc-
tures, including homes, public buildings, non-profit 
facilities, 
and 
infrastructure, 
including 
roads, 
bridges, and critical systems such as sewage and 
water; 
‘‘(20) to the extent practicable, for the replace-
ment of mobile homes, travel trailers, and manufac-
tured homes that serve as affected individuals’ pri-
mary residences that were damaged or destroyed by 
a major disaster or emergency, including by 
partnering with State and local housing agencies 
and non-profits to reduce the time or cost required 
to implement housing solutions after a major dis-
aster or emergency as well as comply with the latest 
published editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
specifications, and standards that incorporate the 
latest hazard-resistant designs; and 
‘‘(21) for other resilience activities as deter-
mined by the Administrator.’’. 
SEC. 10. REPAIR, RESTORATION, AND REPLACEMENT OF 
DAMAGED FACILITIES. 
Section 406(c)(1)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Dis-
aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5172(c)(1)(B)) is amended— 
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(1) in subsection (a)(2)(D) by striking ‘‘adopted 
building codes’’ and inserting ‘‘the latest published 
editions of relevant consensus-based codes, specifica-
tions, and standards that incorporate the latest haz-
ard-resistant designs and any future higher stand-
ards for resistance to hazards of increasing sever-
ity’’; 
(2) clause (ii) by striking ‘‘or’’; 
(3) in clause (iii) by striking the period and in-
serting a semicolon; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iv) to comply with the standards set 
forth in subsection 406(e)(1)(A) and any 
future higher standards for resistance to 
hazards of increasing severity; 
‘‘(v) to assist in the abatement of 
lead, mold, mildew, radon, asthma, and al-
lergen triggers or other pollutants and haz-
ardous materials directly caused by a 
major disaster or emergency, or as directed 
by the Administrator; 
‘‘(vi) to improve air quality and miti-
gate against wildfire smoke or other air 
quality contaminants related to a major 
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disaster or emergency, or as directed by 
the Administrator; 
‘‘(vii) to improve the fire resistance of 
damaged facilities, including public facili-
ties and private non-profit facilities; 
‘‘(viii) to improve the seismic resist-
ance of damaged facilities, including public 
facilities and private non-profit facilities; 
and 
‘‘(ix) for other resilience activities as 
determined by the Administrator.’’. 
SEC. 11. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND 
HOUSEHOLDS. 
Section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(2)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(k) ADDITIONAL USES OF FUNDS.—A recipient of 
assistance provided under this paragraph, may use such 
assistance— 
‘‘(1) to improve compliance with the standards 
set forth in section 406(e)(1)(A); 
‘‘(2) to assist in the abatement of lead, mold, 
mildew, radon, asthma, and allergen triggers, or 
other pollutants and hazardous directly caused by a 
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major disaster or emergency, or as directed by the 
Administrator; 
‘‘(3) to improve air quality and mitigate against 
wildfire smoke or other air quality contaminants re-
lated to a major disaster or emergency, or as di-
rected by the Administrator; 
‘‘(4) to improve the fire resistance of struc-
tures; 
‘‘(5) to improve the seismic resilience of struc-
tures; and 
‘‘(6) for other resilience activities as determined 
by the Administrator.’’. 
SEC. 12. REPORT TO CONGRESS AND UPDATE OF COST-EF-
FECTIVENESS DETERMINATION. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency in coordination with the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
submit a report to the Committees on Homeland Security, 
Financial Services, and Transportation and Infrastructure 
of the House of Representatives regarding the challenges 
posed by the Agency’s requirements for determining the 
cost-effectiveness of mitigation activities and specifically 
how such requirements may disproportionately burden un-
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derserved or disadvantaged communities, or specific vul-
nerable populations within communities. 
(b) UPDATE OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS DETERMINA-
TION.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act or as soon as practicable, the Administrator, 
to the extent practicable, shall update the requirements 
for determining cost-effectiveness, including selection of 
appropriate interest rates, based on the findings made 
under subsection (a). 
Æ 
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