A276 I was instructed to report at their office to inittate new applications. My son ended his 2 years of compulsory military training today and will be coming home soon. He will have to continue his training here at home with one of the home training units that meet once a week at the local armory. Every summer the home units must go on a 2 weeks’ maneuver period in the northern part of the State. This period constitutes the worker's vacation for his job. The women have to serve their time with the Armed Forces also but they only have to enlist for 1 year, and they are exempt from summer maneuvers if they have children. September 1975: I have been trying to out in my mind just when these pres- ent conditions had their beginning. Some gay {t was when the Government bought all the railroads. Next they took the coal mines, then the steel mills, then the truck hauling business, then the whole petroleum industry. They said they had to have the mines and the oil business to get fuel for the trains and trucks, and the steel mills to get enough steel for everybody. Just try to buy some now. Now the Government runs nearly every kind of business, just as Russia did when I was a young fellow. Then produc- tion started going on down, and the country has been getting poorer ever since. October 1975: I think the beginning was further back, It might have been about 19836, when the politicians discovered they really could buy votes in quantities with borrowed public money through the WPA and other things. Some of the younger peo- ple now can’t remember when we used to have elections. The situation began to get out of control in 1948, when the ballot boxes were stuffed. We had several elections after that, but people lost interest in voting when the politicians gained control of a unified union vote. We don’t have any unions today with the Government running things. November 1975: Have been busy reading the history of the twentieth century and have come to the conclusion that our free- dom began to be lost in 1913. That was the year the income-tax amendment was ratified, The idea would have been all right, prob- ably, if it had contalned a provision that no more than one-fourth of any ordinary man’s earnings could be taken in taxes and no more than half of the biggest incomes. Since there were no limits on taxes, the politicians eventually discovered that there were no limits on the amounts they could spend. They kept taking more and more from every- body to give more free help until no one could save, Then there had to be still bigger pensions for us old people and more Govern- ment services of every kind. No one could save up enough for investment, so the Gov- ernment said it would have to take over business. December 1975: Kind of hard to be cheer- ful at holiday time. Can’t help remember- ing the great days when every American out of jail was free and full of hope for the future. The Government Conservation Adminis- tration ruled that only one large community Christmas tree would be permitted and no individual trees for homes could be had. This ruling was supposed to be temporary, but it was made over 5 years ago. The Gov- ernment said that it had to preserve the forests. The Government took over control of all forests many years ago and have been in the lumber business ever since the Lum- ber and Building Administration was formed, Are my reminiscences exaggerated? I hope so. But I have mentioned nothing that doesn’t happen today in England or Russia. And the United States of America pes been faithfully following the English route, Victory or Defeat? EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. KENNETH B. KEATING ; OF NEW YORE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr, KEATING. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I take pride in including an inspiring address deliv- ered by Rev. William J. Schifferli, assist- ant pastor, Holy Redeemer Church, Rochester. N. Y., and Monroe County chaplain of the Catholic War Veterans, on Armistice Sunday, November 12, 1950. Father Schifferli’s courageous, inspir- ing address is one of the finest exposi- tions which has come to my attention of the menace of communism. As we all know, the patriotic organization for which he spoke, the Catholic War Vet- erans, is one of the most militant and effective forces in our country today against the godless, totalitarian ideolo- gies parroted by those traitorous or mis- guided elements whose first loyalty does not le with their own country which has nurtured them and bestowed on them its richest blessings. In these times when men must stand up and be counted, challenging words like those of Father Schifferli stand out like a beacon pointing the way to victory over the evil forces which would destroy us and the ideals for which our Nation stands, His address follows: Vierory or Dersat? At least twice in every year, our busy and active Nation pauses i ‘its many affairs to give thought to its faithful dead, its heroes and patriots who heard the call to arms, who arose to defend our country, who strug- gled and sweated and suffered and died for our country’s cause. The memory of these men, and their living comrades, who happily were not called upon in God's providence to pay the fullest measure of their life in the cause of right, is held sacred in the throbbing hearts of a grateful people. Their deeds of heroism and valor sound a stirring call to loyalty, and should be set before the youth of the Nation as a shining example. Cynicism, doubt, bitterness, selfishness, have no place in the hearts of youthful Amer- icans, and unless they are cleansed fronr the consciousness of a young generation, they will sap the strength of character, the will to win, the desire for freedom, and the deter- mination to fight, yes, and to die, if neces- sary, to uphold the glorious traditions of our heritage of freedom, On Memorial Day and on Armistice Day, we pay the tribute of our reverence, our love, and our gratitude to the high courage and daring self-sacrifice of these patriots who did so much and dared so much for the good of our country. These men and their glori- ous deeds are in our hearts and our minds, We, whose lives are surrounded by the fruita of their sacrifices and lapped in the delights of & life of freedom won by their devotion, can little realize the intensity of the terri- ble struggle, the upheaval of lives, the shock of war, the pain and horror and fear of those great conflicts. The human mind has the tendency to forget pain, so that even in the consciousness of those who fought, the hor- ror of those battles has lost its sharpness of image, and the great healing power of APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD time has tended to soothe and lull to fore getfulness, But we would indeed be faithless to those who died for us, were we to expunge from our memory all that they did. Memories rich and rare which make us all purer and stronger and better, crowd in upon the heart as we recall the matchless valor of American hearts and the deathless glory of American arms. Well do we know that the service which they rendered to their country can- not be measured in terms of human preci- sion, The sacrifice was enormous and the prize for which they fought was beyond price. Small, indeed, is the mere memory of their vallant deeds, nor can we keep faith with them were we only to recall on special occa- sions their glorious courage. A memorial to these men would be a hollow and fruit- Jess thing unless in our daily lives, in our every thought and action, we took care and planting for the preservation of that coun- try and those ideals for which they sacrificed all. We must beware Jest the palms of vic- tory become, through our own lack of vigi- lance and care, the ashes of defeat. There is at work today in the caldron of America’s thoughts, a virulent poison, in- troduced by elements foreign to our country, fostered by traitors in our midst, encouraged by some of the so-called intelligentsia who are so deluded in their naive false idealism that they fail to realize that they themselves will be among the first victims of their vicious system. This poison is called com- munism. We might wonder how an intelligent in- formed people like Americans, who live in a@ country of plenty and are blessed with more material possessions than other people in the world, who dwell in a vast and gracious land, can possibly be deceived by this mon- ster. But let us face facts. In spite of our educational system, there are many people among us who are not intelligent. God gives to us talents in varying degrees. In spite of our press and radio, there are many people who are not well informed, Furthermore, many are open to the danger of being swayed by propaganda, for we know that if a person is told a thing often enough, he begins, al~ though incredulous at first, to believe it. In spite of our vast economic resources, there are many people who live in misery and want. Even our own fair city is not without its slums. Into a body politic, weakened by these ills, the virus of communism, with its false promises, with its mastery of the lie and deceit, with its evil, malignant, cancerous doctrines, this virus makes a gradual progress which will, if not checked, in time corrupt the entire body politic. There are those of us who say that it can never happen here. But we say that it can. We have witnessed, since the conclusion of this last world-wide conflict, the fall of country after country into the orbit of this enslaving monster. Under the guise of democracy, under the banner of liberation, the forces of this monster have infiltrated many countries. The sufferings and poverty of a people are played upon. Promises are made that conditions will be better. A few positions of power in the country are cap- tured by Communists. And it ts then that the poison begins to take ite toll. It begins by a discrediting of communism’s enemies; then their elimination is next. All organs of information and thought fall under the monster’s control. All weapons and means of liberty's defense are seized and taken from the people. A police force then begins the terrible reign of terror. On any door, at any bour of the night, comes the dreaded knock of the secret police, and the poor victim is spirited away, never to return. Xs his fate the torture chamber? The vast slave camps? The uranium mines? The
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD | concentration camps? Or is he to be so drugged and tortured until bis mind is mts- shapen and he becomes putty im the hands of soulless beasts to be molded as those beasts see fit, and then pitiilessly and mer- cilessly exhibited in a so-called court of justice which makes a blasphemoui mockery of its very name? This has happened in our “enlightened” age, to peoples we once helped. Poland and Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Hungary, China—-the Hat grows, the dead multiply, the tortures increase. Gradually, the glow of freedom on this globe is dimmed. Never before in the history of the world have so many people been reduced to the condition of slavery, slavery of the body, slavery of thought, slavery of the soul. Yes, it hap- pened to others; it can happen to us. Can we imagine in such a world of tyranny a gathering like this worshiping Almighty God according to the dictates of our con- sciences, dedicated to the remembrance of a throng of dead heroes, who lives and deaths were for the cause of liberty and justice? Our dear America is a Nation which has never lost a war, From the War of Inde- pendence through World War II, from 1775 to 1945, victory has been ours on the battlefields of the world. The ground of many nations and countries has trembled under our march- ing feet and rumbling tanks; the seas have foamed under the prows of our mighty ships; the air has roared with the power of our air armadas. And the glorious symphony of the power of our arms has been exerted, not in the enslavement of peoples, not in aggres- sion, not in a drive and search for world imperialism, not in a selfish bid for power, not in the destruction of freedom, but in the cause of liberty and justice for all. We have never lost a war. And so we say thit victory is ours. Yes, victory has been ours. But now, 5 years after the cessation of hostilities in the world-wide conflict, 5 years after the destruction of our enemles, 6 years after the armies of our foes were de- stroyed, killed or captured, and disarmed, 5 years after their fleets were riddled and sunk, 5 yeara after the horribl: fury of the atomic bomb burst like a portent of the future, like an Apocalyptic scourge in the skies, 5 years after, where is our victory? We see nation after natlon falling to the scourge of communism. We see our former friends drawn into the camp of the future enemy. We see our former enemies, coun- tries we conquered by force of arms, faunt- ing insults in our faces. We see our con- sulates closed, our businessmen imprisoned as spies on trumped-up charges; our Govern- ment representantives in foreign lands forced to flee for their lives and be covered with public humiliation, We sec the world or- ganization established for the preservation of world peace, the United Nations, mocked by the Reds in Korea, who without provo- cation, launched « war of aggression. We see our youths, insufficiently trained, without the proper materials for war, forced to re- treat and to die in South Korea. We see our armies, apparently victorious in the bloody struggle, met by hordes of Chinese Com- munists, for whose very existence we are in @ measure to blame. We see our efforts for peace, tranquility, and order pmong nations consistently blocked by & power whose avowed purpose is the creation of chaos and anarchy, and the ultimate overthrow of our Government, indeed, our very way of life. If we are to face facts, we must admit that much of this has been our own fault. An astounded world looks on and says, Is this America? Is this the victor? How far can we be pushed? How many insults shall we take? Can it be that some of our men in high positions tolerate this because they are sympathetic to the vicious ideology of com- munism? Is this victory, or is this defeat? We are a peace-loving people, and we avoid to our utmost, war. But how many un- armed planes must we Jet be shot down de- liberately in the Baltic? How many Ameri- cans murdered? How many imprisoned? How low must we grovel in humility to avoid war? We decry war, we hate and fear war; but we say, better war and glorious death in defense of liberty, than life as a slave to & totalitarian state. Let America bend every effort to salve peacefully the problems of the world; let us be sympathetic and understanding of other peoples. But let us be inflexible in our love for, and our defense of, liberty. Let us keep faith with our honored dead. Let us perpet- uate the ideals for which they died. Let us art. not like the vanquished, but like the victors, Faith, Not Fear EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. W. STERLING COLE OF NEW YORE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the RecorD, I include the following verse composed by George D. Case, of 1014 South Main Street, Horseheads, N. Y., which recently came to my attention and which deals with our current na- tional and moral perplexities. I com- mend it to those who are as sorely troubled as I: We are in need of faith, not fear, Faith that builds wisdom. Let the changing ycar Bring us leaders, wise In thought With prophetic vision, who can lay A path for us to follow day by day, A road that ends, not in defeat But constant gains, as it is meet For those who love but do not hate, Let us mark the path before too late. We are in need of strength, not waste, Strength of our son, our daughter, Our future lies in those, who in our Half-thought acts, we slaughter. In name of liberty, we slaves Of politics and greed, boast of our skill But find our only creed ts fight and kill. We are in need of God, not guns, To give more wisdom to our deeds, The power that Nature holds for us to solve Is great beyond our needs. We have but to set our minds and hearts And ask the way. We have to only Bow our haughty heads and pray, Why should we cede that man is wise, From God’s great tower, what is his size? We are in need of wisdom, not device, Wisdom to know if we are right, Then right will reign. If wrong, go on and fight, For we are foolish, weak and vain, Fools who take the hardest way When all we need ts just to pray And ask the greater power that be To guide our way to make men free. We are in need of standards high That others may gage their virtues by. What we need is greatly less . Of dishonesty and selfishness. Aye. What we need ig strength of right. Prepared—but never have to fight. ¥s it too much to ask, that we Make this our goal for liberty. —George D. Case. JANUARY 1951. A271 Pfc Melvin L. Brown, of Mahaffey, Pa., Awarded, in Absentia, the Cougres- sional Medal of Honor EXTENSION OF REMARKS | HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, the community of Mahaffey, Pa., made front- page news on January 9 when one of its native sons was awarded in absentia the Nation’s highest decoration for valor—the congressional medal of honor. The official citation of the War De- partment reads in part: ‘Brown was seriously injured during this action and has not been heard from since this attack. Melvin L. Brown was a typical Amer- ican youth who enlisted in the Army 2 years ago and who is truly represente- tive of the millions of American teen- age boys now in the uniform of their country and on the alert to defend this Nation against any threat to its secur- iy. . The people of Mahaffey, Pa., as well as the great Keystone State realize that Private Brown’s service to his country made him a national hero and that a grateful Nation owes young men of his resourcefulness and courage an eternal debt of gratitude that cannot be paid by mere tribute alone. Every American citizen owes a portion of that debt to our fighting men and the only payment that can be made on such an obliga- tion is continued interest in the service- men of this Nation so that they may be provided with every possible means of assistance in defending this Nation. This obligation is also in effect when they return home as veterans and re- sume their places in civilian life. I should like at this point to insert the following editorial that appeared in the January 11, 1951, issue of the Clear- fleld Progress, Clearfield, Pa., and which is an eloquent tribute to the gallantry of Pfc Melvin L. Brown: A SAGA OF AMERICA Clearfield County in general and the little town of Mahaffey in particular has reason to feel proud of one of its sons this weck. He is, of course, Pfc Melvin L. Brown, the 19- year-old Mahaffey youth who enlisted in the Army 2 years ago and who was awarded, in absentia, the Nation's highest decoration for valor, the Congressional Medal of Honor, in a White House ceremony Tucsday morning. To win the Medal of Honor, Private First Class Brown “distinguished himself by con- spicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty,” according to the official citation. It happened at Kasan, “the walled city,” last September 4, Pfc Melvin L. Brown, a member of Company D, Eighth Engineer Combat Battal!on, took a position on # re- taining wall approximately 60 feet high. Only 3 days before, he had written his par- ents that he was driving 9 truck but expected “to be back in the lines soon.” Not many who serve in the Nation’s Armed Porces ever win the Medal of Honor, Still fewer return to receive it in person. Here are a few statistics to prove the point; Only
A272 427 men received it in World War I--253 Army, 57 Navy, 87 Air Force, 79 Marines, and 1 Coast Guard; since March 25, 1863, when the firet 6 medals were awarded, only 3,041 have been presented. “Bnemy superior in number started climb- ing the wall just as Brown's last round of amminition was expended and he was wounded by enemy fire,” the citation said. “Realizing the vital necessity for holding, and without concern for his personal safety, though wounded and without hts rifle, Brown continued to throw his few remaining hand grenades into the enemy, causing several casualties with each grenade.” No records are available, but Pfo Melvin L. Brown is doubtless the first Clearfield Coun~ tian ever to receive the Congressional Medal. We've had heroes in every war and there are many well-decorated veterans in our midst today. But it remained for a 19-year-old youth to top them all. And probably no one gives him more credit than those heroes of World Wars I and II who also distinguished themselves “above and beyond the call of auty.” “When his supply of grenades was ex- hauated, his comrades from nearby foxholes commenced throwing hand grenades toward his position. On several occasions the gre- mades were thrown short of his position. When this would occur, Brown would leave his position and retrieve the grenades, ex- posing himself to enemy rifle and machine- gun fire.” We haven't any idea what kind of a boy Pfc Melvin L. Brown was when he enlisted at the age of 17. We suspect he was a typical teen-ager; in trobule occasionally, eager to grow up, sometimes critical of the older folks’ ideas. But he was typical of his age. No better and no worse than your son or mine. “However, the enemy continued their climb and Brown, taking his entrenching tool (a small shovel) from his pack, waited until the enemy, one by one, peered over the wall, delivering each 8 skull-crushing blow across the top of the head. Brown's conspicuous performance in knocking from 10 to 12 enemy troops from the wall and his out- standing personal bravery served as an in- sptration to his comrades, delayed the attack and enabled his platoon to repel the enemy.” When the chips were down, Pfc Melvin L. Brown came through, just as any American boy will do. He wasn’t old enough to vote, by law he hadn't yet reached manhood on that fateful September ¢. But he did a man’s job so well that his comrades and his Nation have awarded him the highest honor possible. Even in their sorrow and hopes, how proud his father and his mother, his brothers and his sisters must be of Pic Melvin L. Brown. It’s a thrilling, inspira- _ tional chapter in the saga of America that he has written, “Brown was seriously injured during this action and has not been heard from since this attack.” It was early in October that Pfc Melvin L. Brown was officially listed by the Defense De- partment as “missing in action.” That's how the record stands now. Publicity for Draft Deferments EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. KARL M. LeCOMPTE OF IOWA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. LeCOMPTE, Mr. Speaker, last ' fall a number of American Legion posts of the Fourth District of Iowa adapted a resolution urging the enactment of leg- islation that would require selective- service boards to make public the names of all draft-age men who are granted de- ferment, with the reasons given for such deferment. In order that all Members of Congress may have the benefit of these views, I include in the Recorp a copy of the reso- lution on this subject adopted at a mect- ing of the Monroe County (Iowa) Amer- ican Legion organization, consisting of Howard Cessna Post, Albia; Chester Bishop Post, Lovilia; and Richard F. Ward Post, Melrose. The resolution follows: Be tt resolved, That a ist of names of men deferred under the present selective-service law be published, with reasons for such de- ferments. The Budget EXTENSION OF REMARKS ¥ +) HON. WESLEY A. D’EWART OF MONTANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. D’EWART. Mr. Speaker, under leave previously granted, I include a report to my constituents upon the President's budget for the next fiscal year, This week the President submitted his 1952 budget, calling for appropria- tions, contract authority, and loans of $93,400,000,000, of which he hopes to spend $71,500,000,000 in the 12 months beginning next July 1. His estimate of receipts, which marily consider quite op- timistic, falls $16,000,000,000 short of $71,500,000,000 to be spent and he asks that this amount be made up by new taxation. For several reasons, the budget mes- sage was most unsatisfactory as a guide for future action of the Congress. In the first place, the President said it is not a firm statement of how much he hopes to spend but only an estimate of what he may be able to spend, The military and foreign-aid programs, which take up $73,800,000,000 of the total, are still so indefinite that he was unable to give any break-down of them, The possibil- ity is that spending may be a great deal higher than the budget indicates if the military finds it is able to increase the speed of production of the things it orders. It will be a very great task for the Appropriations Committee to conduct hearings on the military and foreign-aid programs while they are so indefinite. The same considerations apply to the $1,200,000,000 requested to expand pro- duction facilities, including the construc- tion of Government owned and operated industries, none of which are described, and the $273,000,000 requested for wage- and price-control programs which are not yet formulated. The $48,000,000,000 for defense—out of $62,000,000,000 to be obligated—is 90 percent greater than is being spent this year, and compares to $13,000,000,000 for this purpose last year. The $7,000,- 000,000 to be spent in 1952 for foreign aid—out of $11,000,000,000 he asked us APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to obligate—is 58 percent more than is being spent this year. No details have been given as to how much will be used for military aid, how much for ECA or how much for the point 4 program. All foreign aid programs have been lumped together. From the message it is fair to expect that a large share, perhaps as much as $3,000,000,000, is for economic aid and point 4. NONDEFENSE SPENDING Economy advocates in Congress were premature when they applauded the por- tion of the state of the Union message in which Mr. Truman said the Govern- ment “must practice rigid economy in its nondefense spending.” ‘There is lit- tle evidence of such economy in the bud- get message. Senator Byrp character- ized the message as “the very height of fiscal irresponsibility.” Certainly it is disappointing to see the old Truman spending programs reappear under the guise of national defense. Among those for which he asks appropriations once again are: Government construction of industrial plants, $1,200,000,000. Federal aid to education, $300,000,000. Socialized medicine, $275,000,000. Brannan pian farm subsidies. tl Increased unemployment compensa- on. t Restoration and extension of rent con- rol. ie Employment Practices Commis- sion. St. Lawrence seaway, $20,000,000. In addition, we find that the budget for slum clearance is to be increased as a defense measure, that Federal grants-in-aid to States are $500,000,000 greater than this year, and that the sup- posed economies, such as the falling off of veterans’ henefits, would have hap- pened anyhow in many instances. Aside from the added cost of these non- defense proposals for new Federal] spend- ing, it is disappointing that the Presi- dent intends to press such highly contro- versial issues, some of them outright so- clalistic, at a time when we are striving to establish policies which all Americans can support in united action. The budget message makes no contribution to unity. THE DUTY OF CONGRESS Presented as we are once again with a budget based upon the philosophy that there need be no limits on Government spending except the desire of the admin- istrators to spend, it is once again the duty of the Congress to review carefully the request of each department and agency and to save wherever possible the wasteful or needless spending of the tax- payers’ dollar. People who are willing and even anxious to do their part, through their taxes or otherwise, for this war effort will not continue in that frame of mind when faced with evidence that their effort is being wasted. I believe, and others share my view, that we can cut another three billion from the domestic programs including those already in effect and those new programs which are not essential to our war effort. It seems that we can and it is necessary that we should eliminate a very large part of the economic aid for foreign nations unless it contributes di-
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD rectly to the war effort. Perhaps an- other three billion can be saved here. Despite the optimistic statements of Mr. Truman, it is going to be very diffi- cult and even dangerous to increase greatly the tax burden on American in- dividuals and industry. Unwise tax- ation can destroy us. Every effort should be made to balance the budget through higher levies and more fair dis- tribution of the tax burden, but only after every nonessential dollar has been wrung out of Government spending, Strict limits must be placed upon non- Gefense spending, and where limits are impractical in the Defense Department we must exert every effort to improve the efficiency of the armed services so that we will get a dollar's worth of se- curity out of every dollar spent. The national debt now stands at $257,~ 400,000,000. The President expects it to increase to $260,000,000,000 by June 30, the close of this fiscal year. With a $71,000,000,000 spending program and a tax load that already stands at $55,000,- 000,000, it behooves every oficial of the Government, both in the administration and in Congress, to devote his honest ef- forts to the preservation of our financial soundness. RESOURCE PROGRAMS The budget as it affects resource agen- cles shows some reductions and some in- creases, A reduction of $9,000,000 is pro- vided in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, almost all of which is in construction work. However, the funds for health, education, and welfare are increased $3,000,000. The Bureau of Land Man- agement budget request is $9,000,000 greater than its appropriation for the current year. The message explains that better management of range lands is re- quired for greater food production. A sizable decrease in the appropriation for the Department of Agriculture is ex- plained by the rise in farm prices which has wiped out most of the expense of the farm price-support program. The rec- lamation program suffered the greatest cut, a total of $141,000,000. No new proj- ects are to be started in Montana, and only seven new projects in the Nation, all for hydroelectric power—none for ir- rigation. Funds are provided to continue and complete other projects, including several of the Yellowstone pumping units, Canyon Ferry, and Hungry Horse. No construction funds are recommended for Yellowtail. The Appropriations Committee of the House will start hearings on the budget message next Monday, and the Ways and Means Committee has already started tax studies. Protest by Blackfoot-Piegans EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. MIKE MANSFIELD OF MONTANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I am inserting at this point in the Recorp the XCVII—App.—~18 following communication I have just received from a group of Blackfoot~ Piegan Indians which I am calling to the attention of the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs with the request that they give the peti- tion every possible consideration: BRowWNING, Mont., January 16, 1051, Representative Mike MaNsFiexp, House Office Building, Washington, D. C.: We landowners and full-blood Blackfoot- Piegans oppose resolutions 65-50 and 66-50 passed by the Blackfoot Tribal Business Council on January 4, 1951, in regard to leases. We still want the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to work with us in regard to letting leases and permits to the highest bidder outside or in the reservation. No one except the council members knew anything about the resolutions passed by the council. A petition signed by full bloods and land- owners opposing the resolutions and a copy of the resolutions will be mailed you shortly. We atill want the protection of the Indian Commissioner. If the council sends a dele- gation to Washington to support their reso- lutions we would appreciate your help and support in sending a full-blood delegation to oppose them. Please give copies of this wire to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and Secretary of Interior. Louls Plenty Treaty, George Bullchild No. 1, James Whitecalf, Sr., Juniper Old Person, Joe Calf Robe, Mike Day Rider, Paul Old Chief, James Kicking Woman, Phillip Many Hides, Joe Bear Medicine, Joe Young Eagle, Rose Kick- ing Woman, Maggie Many Hides, Robert Many Hides, James White Calf, Jr. John Little Plume, Paul Many Hides, George Old Person, Fish Wolf Robe, Jim Morning Gum, Joseph Ola Chief, Joe Morning Gum, George Talks About, Peter F. Blackface, Maike Bad Old Man, Chewing Black Bones, Henry Morning Gum, Under Chief Coward, Mary. Chief Coward, Tom Bear, Short, Face, John Bird Earrings, Resolution of Kansas Oil Men’s Associa- tion Opposing Increased Federal Taxes on Gasoline and Motor Oils EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. EDWARD H. REES OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, under permission granted by the House, I am enclosing the following copy of a resolution adopted by the Kansas Oil Men’s Association at its convention in Wichita, Kans., on January 8, 1951: Whereas the present gasoline-tax law provides for the automatic elimination of 1 cent per gallon of the present State gaso- line tax at 12:01 a. m., July 1, 1951; and Whereas there is sufficient reserve in the State treasury at this time to amply take care of road building and maintenance un- der present plans for some time: Be tt Resolved, by the Kansas Oil Men’s Asso- ciation in convention assembled at Wichita, Kans., January 8, 1951, That we will actively oppose any legislation extending this tax. ‘We also urge that the counties and cities be provided revenue out of the license fees from cars and truéks. We also oppose any ’ A273 increase in Federal taxes on gasoline and motor oils; be it also Resolved, That a copy of the above resalu- tion be sent to our National and State Sena- tors and Representatives. Reso.urion ComMMIrT Ez, We, B, DALTON, Chairman, LaVaens HEITMan, J. J, Bowroxper. C. ©, ABERCROMBIE. Jimmy O'CONNELL, C. A. Eumsorc, A Mother Speaks on Foreign and Domestic Policies EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL CUNNINGHAM Or IOWA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the Rrcorp, I include a letter from Mrs, Fred Dooley, Adel, Iowa: AvdEL, Iowa, December 8, 1951. Mr. Paun CuNNINGHAM, Washington, D.C. Dear ConaressMAN; First I wish to con- gratulate you on being there to start with the Eighty-second Congress, and you have cer- tainly got a Job to do and the whole world ig anxiously waiting to know just what the next move is. T have listened to news broadcasts and read every article on the world situation that I can get my hands on. I call it war and I don’t see how it can be called anything else, but some of the high officials say they have to move so onrefully for fear of starting world war III, call it what they may, it’s sure one big mess although stronger words would express it better. Boys dying by the thousands, tortured, crippled for life, and mentally ill, while the UN continues to argue, argue, and call for cease fire, they have been doing that now since the start of the war, and who is pay- ing any attention? No one. The boys are still fighting the war while what we thought were intelligent men continue to argue and get nowhere; it doesn’t look as though the UN were doing anything; just stalling for I don’t know what. There are boys after boys in Korea writing home wondering what they are doing in Korea. Why hasn’t there been a blockade set up a long time ago? What good does it do to fight when the French, and, I believe, British, continue to send supplies that will help Red China? Why didn’t the other countries send more men? Why did the United States have to furnish most of them? I don't understand just why the atom bomb hasn’t been dropped. I have read a lot of conflicting stories why, but I thought that was why it was founded and made, to Bave lives, but it seems it’s just to be talked about. We'll soon have a son in this confitct, in fact, a matter of days, then when you drop to the 18-year-olds, in a couple of years our last child will be in; that’s one more thing I wish to write you about: Why drop down to the 18-year-olds, they have had so little of life; some of them haven't finished high school yet. Why don't you leave it 19 as the low age. God only knows that's young enough to warp a mind and that’s what war does, and take up to 38 years; their life is half over or nearly so and there
A274 are men after men who evaded the World ‘War I, hurrying out to rent more land, buy- img more cows, a scramble for more brood sows to Xeep out of the service, and they got the job done, Now they are over 26, #0 are in their glory. I can tell you about one fellow in our neighborhood. This ts the story. He knew, to stay out of the service, he had to have more Iand, so he buys a farm, has cattle and hogs, works bard, his wife had a, and still has, a very good-paying job in town. As soon as the war was over, the cattle were sold, also hogs, he converted the barn to & hen house, and has made good money at it, of course it's much easier to feed hens cafeteria, one doesn't have to get up so early and can chore early and be on one’s way, But with cattle and hoge—well it’s really a chore when snow is deep, bedding to haul, tank heaters to keep going and barns to ctenn, setting up all night with sows having in Sanuary and Pebruary or even March to save thelr young, and just why they pick the wee hours of the morn to have their young is something they keep to themselves but that’s th? way it usually happens. But that's beside the point, the above fel- low says he has paid for his farm with the high prices and his wife's high wages ( they have no children) and he now can retire if he cared to and live off the rent of his farm— but all over the bloodshed of boys who were his age. but were town boys or farmer boys whose father didn't see fit to farm more land, or boys who had a desire to do thelr part. Mr. CUNNINGHAM it is not fair—especially now I hcard on the radio they or one Con- gressman suggested cutting the boys’ wages down to $10 or 880 a month while fellows like the above are doing so well. Believe me those soldiers are earning every cent of their money, what are they going to have to come back to if the wages are cut back to the above. This news report said they were not paid to go to school, well the Army or any branch of it is anything but a quiet, peaceful school, the training doesn't hurt them but it ts what they have to go through after their training. Bome of the fellows tn Congress should go through what those kids are if they think it 1a such a snap, the ones that are thinking that way, I am sure you wouldn’t be one of them. Why isn't Nationalist China turned loose on the Red Chinamen, they perhaps know just where and what to do with them. If there hadn’t been so many mistakes made before hand, we wouldn't be in this mess, Why did F. D. Roosevelt give Manchuria, the railroads and important ports and the right to arm to Russia? It seems to me he should have moved heaven and earth to have saved that. It seams a shame to take the veterans who fought tn World War II back to fight again; they won it once and we didn’t have men smart enough to write the peace, I think it alright for the ones that were taken in Jate and didn’t do any fighting and have t’-elr training, but those who have seen ac- tual fighting and then not to take the ones who didn’t see any kind of service. Every group I’m in, be it neighbors or friends, all expreas fear of our leadership, they aren't afraid of America, but it’s of our State Department and President, I sincerely do hope this Eighty-second Congress can give us some strength to hang on to and know what is planned for the future. Why have pricr- been let run wild, why the groceries are terrible, every week they go higher and higher, I’m eure that is not necessary. Last June before the Korean War, I bought some sheets. Today that same sheet is 61 higher. No, I'm not buying any, I can make some aheets out of mash feed sacks, they won't look so pretty but they can be just as clean as the high-priced sheet that I feel ien’t necessary. Don't you think its about time to make Hurope buckle down and do something for themselves; are we going to play another Korea and furnish most of the men while power A supply the Reds with important ma- Mr. Cunnrncuam, I've tried to put this down on paper eo that you can understand the way not only I but the thinking of many of our friends and neighbors. Believe me, I am always urging them to write their trou- dies to you, but they have the ides, a Con- greasman does what he wants to and docen't pay any attention to our little whims, but I assure them that's the only way you have of knowing our desires and if you are good enough to vote for, they should have you fighting out their wants in Congress. Oh, yes; I nearly forgot. I say why not make the Jehovah Witnesses and Can (can't seem to spell it now) objectives go for combat the same as the rest of our boys. Neither do our boys believe in war or killing or any other boy, but they are going any way. I feel as though you will do your very best to do the right thing during the Eighty-second Congress. Yours truly, Mrs. Faxp Doo.ry. Administration of Taft-Hartley Act EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. FRED L. CRAWFORD OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, it now appears that the Taft-Hartley Act will be Iaw and that organized industry and labor will have to ‘Operate under the provisions of the law'fér some time to come. Of course it is assumed, that from time to time the act will be construc- tively amended. However, there is little chance, if any, for Mr. Truman to bring about the repeal of the act any time dur- ing the next 2 years. What the public may do in the November 1952 election, insofar as electing a President and the personnel of the House and Senate, that will bring about the repeal of the Taft- Hartley Act is toe far in the distance to forecast or predict with any degree of certainty. Recently there appeared in the Satur- day Evening Post a statement by Mr. Robert Denham, who for a long time was closely affiliated with the administration of the Taft-Hartley Act. The two cios- ing paragraphs of Mr. Denham’s state- ment read as follows: One of our most important Government agencies, exercising wide influence over ao large segment of our economy, has been cap- tured by a crew who apparently intend to operate it without heed to the orders of Con- greas—to subatitute government by men for government by laws. The Taft-Hartley Act is being interpreted by a board which my experience leads me to believe is too partisan to give it fair application. And the board’s subjugation of the general counsel has re- moved the counterweight which Congress provided, For the present the only remedy the coun- try bas Mes in the courts. I am convinced that a real solution requires not only amend- ments to the law that will make the intent of Congress but replacement of the entire board, the general counsel, and key APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD officials with persone who belleve in the act and ere capable of applying it. These words from Mr. Denham appsar to me to be a direct and specific warning and words of counsel to the psople of the United States if they will only give seri- ous consideration to what Mr. Denham has said. Therefore, I have submitted them to the Recorp to call to the atten- tion of the many readers who have an opportunity to peruse the pages of the RECORD. Parents Must Realize Facts “EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WAYNE N. ASPINALL OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRUSENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1952 Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, in these trying times when the impact of the world’s ills lies heavily upon each home, thereby causing uncertainty, doubt, per- haps even despair, it is heartening to find an example of courage equal to need, We are all aware that our sons were not raised to be soldiers and that there is no inherent dedication of American life to the horror of war. Yet there are some who so subscribe to this as to for- get that, conversely, our sons were not raised to be slaves nor dedicated to spineless acquiescence to the domina- tion of the world by a godless dictator- ship. In the course of human events those who were raised in freedom, have often had to fight for its preservation. This day is another of great peril. The world is rushing headlong to somewhere. Only courage and sacrifice equal to the peril will steer the course to freedom—a freedom for us, the world and for our unnumbered sons and daughters who are to follow. Such a courage, such a dedi- cation to the preservation of liberty, shines out in the article below; which I include under leave to extend my remarks: [From the Durango (Colo.) Herald-Democrat of January 9, 1951] Pagenrs Must Reali Facts Until recently Douglas Larsen, NEA Wash- ington correspondent, conducted a reader column of questions and answers on service problems. A high percentage of the inquiries were from women, mostly mothers of boys who faced a service call. More often than not, these queries seemed to add up to: “How can I keep my boy at home?” The other day, however, Larsen fot a letter of @ different sort. Like many of the others, it was from a mother—this time of two boys. But her questions didn’t have the sume tone. Indeed, they didn't really seem ike questions at all. They were more a chullenging mes- gage, a message that every American might Hsten to in these times. Here's how this mother feels: “@. Have orly two sons whom we love dearly and for whom we hove entertained grent hopes. Qne, now studying for his doctor of philosophy, expects mamentarily a call from the Naval Reserve. The other was in the Marine Corps 3 years * © * He started back to college only to be recalled to the Marines last September.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD "Is there any possibility that these boys will not be allowed to fight for their country and continue to make sacrifices for a land which has given them so much? “Is there any danger that these boys will be infected by the loose talk of selfish and unthinking Americans into letting down the men who suffered and died in Korea, and their brothers in humanity who are held in the harsh chains of slavery all over the world and cry out to them for help?” Mothers and fathers everywhere in America could well ponder these words. For there are disturbing reports from many sections that lots of boys of draft age do not under- stand either the peril the Nation faces, or the justice of their being called to help meet it. Many young men have the notion they are being asked to shelve their individual plans and hopes and perhaps risk their lives because a few men charged with the con- duct of our foreign affairs have committed some mistakes. Certainly mistakes have been made. And no matter who holds high office in this coun- try, they will probably continue to be made. Never infallible, human beings are particu- larly not so when confronted with a world so complex it taxes the greatest minds to the very limit. But the basic things we have to remember is that our peril is not primarily a product of such errors on our part. Our danger is being contrived in the Kremlin by a group of men who are bent upon conquering us, one way or another, if not now then later, Even if our top-rank leaders had not made a single major mistake, the perll would be there. For Russia's purpose is unalterable. It is the Soviet Union, not some willful or uaintentional slin by an American official, that has plunged us into this crisis. Our avoidance of mistakes might have changed the shape of Russia's plans. But it would not have changed the plans. If all parents can grasp this overriding fact as does the mother quoted here, then they will understand why their sons are needed. And they can make they boys see it is right to put aside personal plans until the safety of their Nation and the whole free world is assured. Whenever the Country Is Faced With Pestilence, Plague, Famine, or War the Advocates of the Proposed vt. Law- rence Seaway Come Forward and Say: “Here Is What the Country Needs” EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr, VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, whenever the country is faced with pes- tilence, plague, famine, or war the pro- ponents of the proposed St. Lawrence waterway come forward and say; “Here is what the country needs.” In the earliest state of this never-end- ing controversy, it was claimed the waterway would make bananas cheaper to midwesterners, then the agitation turned for years around the contention that Midwest farmers could send their wheat to Europe at cheaper transporta- tion costs. Now the amount of wheat they can export to Europe and the price they receive is fixed by international agreement. Now the project has become essential to national defense as a means of bringing ore in from Labrador and Quebec over an inside, secure route protected from submarines. The facts are that for several years American steel companies have been looking around for foreign high-grade iron-ore supplies to supplement, not re- place, the low-grade ores of the Mesabi Range, which are in seemingly inex- haustible supply, to take the place of the diminishing high-grade ores of that area. The Mesabi Range or Lake Supe- rior area is still to be our main reliance for so long as man cai see, The Labrador-Quebec deposit, in which six of the smaller steel companies have invested, is only one of three main sources of outside supply which Amer- ican steel companies are working. United States Steel and Bethlehem have gone to Venezuela, while Inland Steel and the Cyrus S. Eaton interests are de- veloping deposits near Port Arthur, On- tario, which is on Lake Superior. This ore is, indeed, now moving over the Great Lakes the same way the Mesahbi ore moves. Both the Venezuelan and this source near Port Arthur are easily of equal importance with the Labrador- Quebec project. The promoters of the Labrador-Que- bec project do not plan to bring out any ore before 1955 and then only 10,000,000 tons annually as compared with our an- nual needs of 100,000,000. Lacking the St. Lawrence waterway, which would take 7 years to build, they have an- nounced they intend to bring it to Mid- west steel centers over presently avail- able transportation facilities, including the 14-foot St. Lawrence canal system. They have announced this ore would fa- vorably compete in price with Mesabi low-grade ores. It is a commentary on the alarm about our domestic supplies of ore that this Labrador-Quebec ore has got to com- pete with the low-grade Mesabi ore or it will not be sold. Now, should the deeper St. Lawrence waterway be built, the promoters of the Labrador-Quebec project would be in a better competitive position, which makes the waterway important to them, a fact which is, however, not the same as being important to national defense, or in the national interest. Indeed, should the project be authorized by the Congress, I am quite sure you would find that the defense officials would not allocate the necessary scarce materials and man- power to the building of the project. It is not a national] defense item. It is not generally understood that there is now a St, Lawrence waterway, 14 feet in depth, and that foreign ves- sels move over it in the 7 months of the year when the Great Lakes are not frozen over, to Cle.cland, Chicago, De- troit, and other lake ports. The highest tonnage ever handled in a year was 9,500,000 tons. This system has a ca~ pacity of at least 5,000,000 additional tons and this could be greatly increased with the expenditure of a few million dollars. However, in 1948 and 1949 the tonnage handled dropped to around 7,500,000. So it is proposed to build a deeper waterway, one of 27-foot depth. A275 This would permit additional foreign vessels to use it, but less than'9 percent of American flag tonnage could use it. Thirty leading American oceangoing ship operators have said they would not use the proposed 27-foot waterway and are opposed to the project. When the New York Barge Canal was being agitated years ago it was claimed it would handle 25,000,000 tons annually. The highest it has ever handled is 5,000,- 000 tons. As to the proposed hydroelectric plant in the St. Lawrence River, a part of the dual project, tt would be another big public power plant, but no bigger than any one of four plants now operated by private utilities in New York State. Its capacity would be no more than 10 per- cent of New York’s present consumption. For years the battle ‘cry of the propo- nents has been that just a little bottle- neck in the St. Lawrence River presents Great Lakes ports from becoming ocean ports. Every Great Lakes port is in itself a bottleneck in that every port using the proposed deeper system would have to have its harbor, entrance channel, and slips deepened. Small Business and Revenue EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. FRED L. CRAWFORD OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE O7 REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, under the heading “Small business,” by C. Wil« son Harder, there has been presented some observations which are of interest to many people. I herewith submit them for the Recorp: SMALL BUSINESS (By C. Wilson Harder) Watch for investigation of tin plate situa- tion, especially if the recent order curtalling tin usage results in small canners and pack- ers having difficulty in getting tin cans. Among other questions will be this one, Why, when the tin reduction rule was an-« nounced, did ECA Bulletin No. 1937 announce almost concurrently that through the Mar- shall plan, $800,000 worth of tin plate secured in United States of America was given to French North Africa? This equals an entire year’s supply for 15 to 20 medium small fruit and vegetable canners. During World War IJ many small food packers lost markets to big corporations be- cause they could not obtain sugar. Yet, with the Nation presumably on the verge of a global war once again, Agriculture Secretary Brannan reduces the amount of sugar that can be marketed in the Nation during 1951 to 8,000,000 tons, or 700,000 tona leas than used in 1960. There is no shortage of sugar. The ruling was made to stabilize prices, the Secretary says. Housewives who paid 4 cents per pound for sugar in 1940 will continue to pay 12 cents or more. If total war comes, the sugar trust will once agein determine who will stay in business. This upholding of monopoly by bureaucracy will get close scrutiny in Con- gress. Alcoho! befuddles many, but in high off- claldom alcohol seems to especially befuddle.
AZi6 ‘That's the substance of a Senate prepared- nese committee report On the amasing deal ‘whereby Schenley secured a Government in- austriat #lechol plant in Kansas City valued wt 88,508,000 for S780,000. A month after Korea, the Government sur- phus Administration opened bide for the plant. Schenley won with an offer $701,000. Three days later Senator Jounson, chairman of the comumitéees, and Jeas Larson, GSA head, conferred. Three days later a freeze order was tasued. But on the same day, August 27, GGA wired Schenley acceptance, who took possession of the plant on August 38. No one knows yet how it happened. But this is known. The synthetic-rubber i alcchal On the frat raquest, Office of Rubber Re- serve tid not receive @ gation from distiliors. Por the leat 2 montis of 1950, 10,900,000 gal- bought 48% cents per gallon. Senator Jonson will undoubtedly carry this probe further. Watch for developments. Mr. Speaker, the distribution of tin plate, which is referred to by Mr. Hard- er, is just a continuation af the most in- teresting study of the diffusion of the substance of our people to the other parts of the world, and against which such diffusion our people are so bitterly protesting, and it is, of course, evident that the citizens of the United States are very much concerned and that they have many questions in their minds about the general program. Mr. Harder refers to sugar, and inso- far as we can presently determine, there will be ample stocks of sugar for all the Western Hemisphere with this sugar be- ing produced in the Philippines, which have a free market to the United States, and the domestic sugar industry, con- sisting of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Vir- gin Islands, the United States sugar beet and sugarcane areas in the continental United States, together with the foreign production of Cube, The crop recently harvested in the continental United States was one of the largest on record and Hawall, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Istands are increasing their production and now that the Philippine producers are getting back into the harness, we can expect substantial tonnage from that area. Cuba's output is also on the increase most all the time. So, with this momentary ample production and the Sugar Marketing Act, with the fiex- ibie powers of the Secretary of Agricul- ture, there is no reason for us to assume that there will be a shortage of sugar, or that prices will be excessive, unless the White House and the State Depart- ment come to the conclusion that this Sugar should be given to other nations of the world. ALCOHOL AND ENTOXICATING LIQUORS Mr. Harder submits some observations with respect to alcohol. in this general connection, and as we face enormous tax liabilities I wish to direct the attention of the Congress to the large distillers, importers, wholesaters, alcohol cookers, the cooperage chiselers — the barrel boys—and the alcohol profiteers who ship Into this country foreign-produced Spirits moving in the bottoms of small schooners. Many of these operators, to which I refer—outside of the so-called big four— are the boys substantially constituting and with the mobs, I am afraid that In many instances the big four plays ball with many of these oper- ators, hand in glove, and that the mobs substantially control all of the imports worth mentioning. From a tax standpoint, our people whe can financially afford to drink ex- pensive imported whiskies and wines can probably afford to pay almost any price that the traffic wili bear, and the other citizens, less fixed financially, can, during this war period, be content to drink domestic beverages, Why not have the control machinery of the Government, during the emer- gency period, issue rules and reguiations limiting the advertising of these im- ported and domestic liquors to a simple snnouncement of the brand and the name of the manufacturer with nothing elze in the ad, and also limit the size of the ad? Naturally the distillers’ group would kick about such a regulation, but, after all, when the people are making the contributions which are now being made, and which would have to be made, it certainly cannot be successfully argued that imported and domestic intoxicating liquors are a necessity, or that they sub- stantially contribute to the protection and defense of the United States and the ideals and institutions of our people. With respect to the revenue, I would recommend that the tax on al] imported Spirits be returned to the original scale of $5 per proof-gallon, plus doubie the rectifying tax on all blended spirits, the is called. In order te conserve alcohol for the war effort, the tax on blended spirits—domestic—could be raised to $1 per gallon and let this apply to all bever- age spirits, wherever the source. Distillers’ licenses coukd be raised to $25,000 per annum, haying all affiliated or tied aistilleries pay an annual license of $50,000 per annum to distil! alcoholic beverages, and increasing the wholesale license to $10,000 per annum. In addition, a floor tax on the stocks of ail dealers should be assessed imme- diately upon the signing of such a tax measure. And certainly we could afford to have a much heavier tax on cabarets, and this due to their nonessentialability during the war emergency. Along with this, a substantial Increase in the pen- alties for illegal distilling, and thus make the penalties ao severe that no loyal American citizen would dare carry on such an operation. In view of the shortage of shipping, we should prohibit such facilities being used for the transportation of beverage spirits and provide that failure to com- ply with such a regulation should make the vessel liable under the Anti-Smug- gling Act and subject to forfeiture of vessel and cargo. We have a shortage of cooperage and we should not provide cooperage and other types of containers being used to hold alcoholic beverages and Itcensed for export from the United States without very special permit granted by the Secre- tary of the Treasury. The tax on all im- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ported wines and liquors not classified as imported spirits, should be returned to its original scale, plus 50 cents per bottle—¢61 per oase—with the imternal revenue tax on alcoholic beverages to be raised to $12 per proof gallon from the present $9. If we are to face a period of price controls and xationing, we can well af- ford to limit the profit margin of the distillers and fix the price of alcohol on the basis of the value of the material used, such as grain, black molasses and vegetables, and thus bring this industry into a position where it must make its contribution, instead of leaving {t free to carry on its destructive work. Here is a chance to raise some revenue, Finally, we will unquestionably face great difficulty, insofar as our supply of rubber for all purposes is concerned. In dealing with the synthetic-rubber pro- duction, alcahol is one of the great, basic needs. Mr. Harder points out that prices range from 90 cents to $1.25 per gallon as quoted by our local distillers, but that our Government purchased from the french alcohol at a price of 484% cents per galion. Such price levels are of great interest to our people. A Tragic Era EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WAYNE N. ASPINALL oF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Myr, ASPINALL, Mr. Speaker, at the beginning of World War II one of the chief concerns of our military Iintelli- gence was to keep a close check upon activities of the f&fth-column groups throughout our country. Although our country was aware of the constant build- ing of Communist-front organizations during this time, this alien ideology was thought to be of far lesser importance in protecting the American way of life. After the ending of hostilities, and with the beginning of the period of rehabili- tation and reconstruction, we soon be- came more aware of the constant neces- sity of maintaining an eternal surveil- lance on Communist organizations which always have had as their objective the complete destruction of our way of life and our form of government. Now, with Russian imperialism casting its eerie shadow on freedom-loving countries the world over, all thoughts and efforts are centered thereon, and people in their search to find weapons to combat this enemy slide over to the other extreme and uphoid the ideology of fascism which is just as much of a menace to our de- morracy as is communism. Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of thelr country and think through the issues at hand rather than listen to and be swayed by prejudiced propaganda. The following editorial from the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel of January 10, 1951, cautions the American citizen to watch out for the less publictzed oppo- nent of today who may be the enemy of
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD tomorrow. I include it under leave to extend my remarks: A Tracic Era We have all faith that our military might, coupled with that of our allies, will save the free peoples from the Communist aggres- sors. But we confess that our democratic way of life may not survive this era of sus~- picion. It is a sad and tragic thing to watch Ameri- cans losing faith in themselves and in one another; to see us come to the place where neighbor spies on neighbor; where friends suspect one another of disloyalty because their opinions differ. Trust in one another, with tolerance of opinion, has been one of the distinguishing features of the American way of life. But to such a state have we come that mistrust and intolerance are menacing our most treasured heritage—the freedoms guar- anteed us in the Bill of Rights. Ironically this situation, this atmosphere of suspicion has been created by the agents of the two most anti-American forces in the world, communism and fascism. There have been Many among us who have fallen for the Com- munist line as its proponents presented it as the cure for all our weaknesses. On the other hand there are equally as many others who have been taken in by the Fascists, who promulgate the doctrines of Hitler while claiming that only they can defend Ameri- canism from the Reds. The truth, of course, is that neither of these ideologies, nor their insidious native agents, are concerned with curing our weaknesses nor defending the American way of life. What they both seek jis destruction of that way. Yet so subtle have been their respective propagandists that presumably intelligent Americans have fallen for both lines, and in so doing are serving these enemies of our Nation. For well over a century and a half our American Government, our way of life, has persisted and defended itself from outside foes. How terribly tragic it will be if we let 1t be wrecked by our own stupidity; by not realizing that there is more than one alien ideology seeking to weaken us through stooges who claim to be trying to save us. Not less deadly to our American way of life than the 11 Communists leaders, under con- viction of treason, are some leaders of fas- cism in our country who are using certain patriotic organizations as their fronts (how- ever innocent these groups may be) to di- vide our citizenry and weaken our Govern- ment, that some Nazi-Fascist man-on-horse- back may take over, either before or after the Red aggressors are defeated. National Security Has Long Rested on Our Atom Bombs and the Undisputed Ability of the United States Air Force Long-Range B-36 Bombers Land- Based in the United States To Deliver Them Anywhere on Earth EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LEO E. ALLEN oF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr, ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I recently came upon a highly thought- provoking article in the Freeport Jour- nal-Standard, of Freeport, Ill, telling of the tremendous achievements made by the Department of the Air Force under the administration of the Honorable Thomas K, Finletter. The article headed “Air Force team reports progress” carried a Washington date line and was written by Marquis Childs, one of America’s best-known authors and news columnists, Mr. Speaker, the name of Thomas K. Finletter is not a new name to the Mem- bers of the Congress and all others con- cerned with Government here in Wash- ington. For more than 10 years past, and at a great personal sacrifice to him- self, Tom Finletter has given unstint- ingly of his time and largess to the so- lution of some of the most vexatious problems that have ever confronted our Government and country. Mr. Speaker, we who know him know that America has no finer citizen nor, indeed, one possessed of a more judicial mind that Thomas Knight Finletter— eminent soldier-diplomat, barrister, lec- turer, teacher, author—a man of: tre- mendous vision and one who, by his proven executive abilities in the handling of our Air Force, has marked himself preeminent in administration of one of the principal departments of Govern- ment. Mr. Speaker, it is indeed fortunate that we have such a man as Tom Finlet- ter to-head up the forces and the des- tinies of our great Department of the Air Force at a time when it is being called upon to spend billions of dollars. It is indeed no happenstance, how- ever, that he has serving with him, and as his first assistant, still another great American—a great actionist, engineer, and business executive—Mr. John A. McCone, of Los Angeles, Calif., and who served with Mr: Finletter on the Presi- dent’s Air Poli¢y Commission. It was once said of Mr. McCone, that there was no man in these United States more captble of thinking a problem through to its ultimate conclusion and long-time effect than John A. McCone, row the Assistant Secretary of Air. Mr. Speaker, more now than ever, I am confirmed in my belief that the only thing that has contained the Russians and kept them from opening a global war on the continent of Europe has been our possession of the atom bomb and our B-36 long-range bombers. Mr. Speaker, I have, on more than one occasion in addressing this House, stat- ed that we in the Midwest know that the first line of defense of these United States is manned by the United States Air Force. The American people have never been afraid, nor are they today afraid, of coastal attacks by a nonex- istent Russian surface navy. Neither are they afraid of Communist tanks rumbling ashore in these United States, spearheading infantry attacks against our great centers of population. Mr. Speaker, the people of this coun- try, from the Chesapeake Bay to San Francisco, and from Maine to Mexico are, however, in deadly fear of Russian attack that can come out of the sky, The merest school child knows that the immediate peace and security of these United States rests upon our pos- session of the atom bombs in our stock- piles, and the proven ability of the A277 United States Air Force great intercon- tinental long-range land-based bombers to deliver the bombs almost upon a moment’s notice. They also know that our B-86's can fly straight on their course to drop these bombs, and at the one time, not alone upon all strategic points in Russian ter- ritory, but upon any possible advance of the Russian hordes of infantry that stand with bristling bayonets on the bor- der of Western Europe. This article from the Freeport Journal- Standard tells of the splendid work ac- complished in behalf of our Nation’s de- fenses by the Finletter-McCone Air Force am. It tells of the speed-up in the construc. tion of the continental defense radar warning system, of the tremendous air- craft procurement program that is now rolling, of the air bases reopened, and of the pride of the Finletter and McCone team in the new B-47 and B-52 long- range high-speed jet bombers—greater, jf such a thing could be possible, than is the B-36 itself. Because of the exigencies of these times, the strain placed upon our Ne- tion’s economy due to the dangers of war, and the great part being played by these two preeminent Americans, I ask unani- mous consent of my colleagues to extend my remarks and include in the Conanes- SIONAL Recorp this clipping from the Freeport Journal-Standard. The article reads as follows: [From the Freeport (Il.) Journal-Standard] Aln Forcm Team Reports PrRoorsss (By Marquis Childs) WasuHINGTON, December 30.—In this the winter of our discontent it is not difficult to find causes for complaint. The chorus of recrimination rises as though Washing- ton were a walling wall and the source of all the ills of mankind. It is therefore news—under the man-bites- dog definition—to roport a field in which progress is being made and men are working with & minimum of snafu. Directing the rapid expansion of the Air Force is a team that is pulling together effectively and effi- clently to do one of the two or three most essential Jobs in the rearmament program, Secretary of the Air Force 1s Thomas K. Finletter, a New York lawyer, who has served in several previous Government assignments in connection with the last war and its after- math. As Chairman of the President’s Air Policy Commission, he recommended a 70- group air force, and the maintenance of an expanded aircraft industry. He has believed all along that prepared- ness to meet the threat of Soviet expansion should move at a much swifter pace. Con- sequently, when he accepted the post last April, he was prepared to push as hard as possible for an expansion of air power. TANGLE WITH JOHNSON Louis Johnson, then Secretary of Defense, was still plugging for economy in the defense budget. But this did not inhibit Finletter, who came in with a more or less independent mandate from the President. The retiring Secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Syming- ton, had tangled with Johnson repeatedly on the issue of economy versus expansion, Last February 1 in @ speech at Baylor Uni- versity in Texas, Symington called for a re- appraisal of America’s defense budget, point- ing to the radically altered situation created by Russia’s having exploded an atomic bomb and having built an air force capable of de- livering such bombs against American tar- gets. But this served chiefly to quicken the
A278 feud with Johnson. Symington felt so frus- trated that there was nothing to do but get out. Without the handicap of having engaged in previous controversy, Finletter came in as a new boom. However, he has a show-me xind of skepticism which is like an X-ray. ‘This was applied in salutary fashion both to military claims and pretensions and civilian red tape and reluctance. RADAR WARNING SYSTEM One of Finletter’s first aims was to speed up the construction of the continental radar warning system. He was told that the money simply wasn't in the budget for such a speed-up. His answer was that somehow the money would be found. Finletter’s partner ts Under Secretary John A. McCone. McCone fs a successful business- man and engineer who was also on the Air Policy Commission. He has drive and or- ganizing ability to a high degree without any of the bluster sometimes associated with those capacities. McCone is pushing through an aircraft- procurement program that has begun to get rolling in a big way. Within 2 years the number of air groups will be approximately doubled for a total of 84. This ts on the basis of reopening plants that were closed or partially closed at the end of World War TM. By constructing new plants it 1s esti- mated that 168 groups could be created by the end of 1962. Already 25 air bases have been reopened since June. Soon the personne) of the Air Force will be nearly double the 412,000 in the service at the time of the Korean attack. The pride and joy of the team of Finletter and McCone is the big new B-47 jet bomber. Units equipped with the B-47 will be ready by the end of 1951 or perhaps evon earlier. ‘While ite notual cruising speed and range are still secret, it is known that it will travel at 600 miles and over and carry the atomic bomb at that speed. THE SUPERSONIC WORLD Finletter fiew in the B-47 the other day. Be sat at the controls and reported later that he was a bit startled when the pilot told him to make a 180° turn with the plane traveling at hair-raising speed. Beyond the B~47 is the B-52 which is an even ionger jump into the supersonic world. According to advices believed as trust~ ‘worthy as most, the best long-range bomber the Russians have is an improved B-39. ‘They are believed to be working on a B-36 type. But the important fact is that the improved B-29 can carry a Russian atomic bomb to targets in the United States. And the Air Force has never tried to conceal the fact that a certain number of those bombs ‘would get through any defense now in sight. But the retaliation to be meted out by a greatly expanded Air Foroe would be terrible, The threat of this retaltation will, it is hoped, keep the peace tn the coming critical months while the land power of the North Atlantic nations is being built. If that is the out-~ come, thanks will be due in no small part to the production drive of the past 6 months. It is an example that could be followed in other fields where defence production has lagged. What Can We Expect from the UN? EXTENSION OF REMARKS ow HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. Speaker, our people are greatly concerned over the failure cf UN to extend any worth-while aid to us in the Korean war. Talk is cheap. What we need is less talk and more active participation. Before any future commitments are made by this Nation with respect to Korea or else- where in the world, we are entitled to know to what extent the UN can be de- pended upon to do its part. I include as part of these remarks, and in accordance with consent granted, two well written and thought provoking ar- ticles by Ivan H. Peterman, recently ap- pearing in the Philadelphia Inquirer, reading as follows: UN Parranzs To Repeat Hisroric LEacvue Runx-Ovr (By Ivan H. Peterman) New York, January 9.—United Nations, despite President Truman's brave declara- tiona of continued faith and support, ts preparing to run out on its responsibilities exactly as did the League of Nations. The Manchurian episode is about to be repeated, and old man Hagel, the German, was quite right when he said: “We only learn from history that we do not learn from history.” Thus the crowd which cheered, approved, and did everything but finance or contribute troops to the American effort to stop Red aggression, is now hustling behind the cur- tains, mounting a “face saver.” This will take the form of another phony cease-fire about the time UN’s forces are forced to evac- uate Korea, and since there will be no further GI targets, the victorious Mao Tse-tung mob will agree. Then, the truce committee of Iran’s Nasrollah Entezam, Canada's Mike Pearson, and India's Sir Benegal Rau, who huddled with Mr. Wu and still confer amiably with Mr. Malik, will propose (with the Asian- Arab bloc) that United Nations proceed to supervise unification of Korea, under “Red gun muazzies. ; If there are any flowers left over from the graves of 15,000 dead Americans by that time, you can send them to the blue monolith at Porty-second Street and Turtle Bay, N. Y. And if Trygve Lie wishes, he can instruct the janitor, who spelled out “UN” at Christ- mas, to arrange the skyscraper UN head- quarters’ lights in “RIP.” This is the United Nations which wasn’t going to appease or give in. But Dr. T. F. Tstang, the gritty Nationalist Chinese who for 2 years has taken their cold shouldering, truthfully told the delegations yesterday they were “connivers in crime” if they persisted in the new approach, which is no less than total surrender to Moscow-Peking aggression. Sir Gladwyn Jebb, with an eye to Com- monwealth leaders’ discussions in London, asked the political committee to adjourn until! tomorrow, before broaching any con- demnation of Red China. The United States ‘wants such a gesture now, but it would be so heavily abstained from as to lose use more face. Our UN pale have lost all their starch since last June 25. At the same time, it is evident now would be the time to toss a smashing blow behind Mao, on the Chinese mainland. Apparently lots of revolt, uprising, sabotage, and eco~ nomic trouble have broken loose, espectally in the southern provinces. Six Chinese newspapermen, some of whom had been feeding information to British papers and services tn Hong Kong, have been shot in Canton and Shangha!l. You see little about such things in the press. Hong Kong papers didn't print a word. In fact, Hong Kong ts terrified—lest the Reds move in and take over. The Overseas Prees Club has pro- tested to UN—whatever that is worth, Nearly all missionaries are moving out now. The freeze of United States assets, plus the blockade now going into effect, are pinching APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the Red marauders. Stuff is being moved mysteriously in Manchuria, It could be another Hberation by Joseph Stalin, or tt could be Red preparation for all-out war— going underground. Ferocious hate-rallies against Americans are part of a patriotic movement out es Peking, aimed at tightening inner control of China. If Chiang Kai-shek’s regime had 1,600,000 guerrillas waiting to join a return to the mainiand, the Reds may be purging them tn the new cleanup. Whereas Red Chinese reports prior to their Korean assault, told of improving conditions, now they've turned bitter, detailing harsher rule and rougher treatment than ever. Granary raids are charged to keepers, who are shot. Taxes are going up. Raw materials are scarcer. Fuel and imported goods are off the market. Even budget figures are secret. Mao its learning that wer, on the massed bandit seale can be costly too. But do we strike? Do we prepare to land Chiang’s troops ag he pleads? Don’t be naive, The United Nations would never consider such 8 move. Too many prefer Red Peking to the legitimate Chinese govern- ment that helped beat down Japan. Since seeing Mr. Wu in action, and the Red Chinese onslaught tn Korea, United States arms shipments have been resumed to Formosa. This matériel ts said to be for defense of the isiand. In Acheson-Rusk- Jessup have their say, that will be all. They still spread the Communist line that Chiang is no good, although it’s now admitted by other Government agencies, he did pretty well on what we gave him. One of these days the United States Con- gress—possibly with angry constituents de- manding action in the streets—will look into this China story. It may demand facts fram start to finish, especially the last touches put on by current State Department experts. It will want to know why the President, plead- ing for debate aud unity on the subject, still refuses to admit we are at war, won’t bomb Mao's communications and supply lines, was not told by these experts tf he crossed the Yalu he was due for a blasting, and other- wise declined to back our Yanks in Korea. The people want to know why Chiang Kat-shek's offers to invade the Chinese muiniand have been refused. We need not get into an Asiatic land battle; let the right- ful Chinese government win back its place. After the raw deal the Kremlin has forced on them, millions of Chinese would rise to liberate themselves. But the hard core of infallibles behind Truman won't have that. With their Brit- ish Commonwealth friends, they go to ex- tremes for non-Americans, but they let our GI's get run over. Someday there will be a full accounting. Arrgasementr Srpereacus Eorra’s Pisa (By Ivan H. Peterman) As of this moment, the best break the Untted States, and its allies in UN, can ex- pect is another refusal of the Kremlin to let its Chinese puppets accept our appeasement. This wouldn't be the first time the Russians have extricated us from a pit of our own clumsy devising. They did it in Berlin, with the blockade. They did it in Iran, they did it with Tibet, scaring India’s collaborationiste into a sweat. They have been our best “policy makers” all along in Europe. But now the United Nations, with Amer- ican diplomatic approyal, offers a fifth cease- fire and talks of adjusting far enstern problems, with the inference that Eorea ts the first throw-in. It would be the cruelest abandonment of all, and a shattering blow to our vaniahing prestige. It was a pity, in the bigger flare of head- Tines over this vain UN gesture last week, that more of Korean Foreign Minister Ben Limb’s appeal to the civilized world was not
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD heard, He made perhaps the greatest ‘speech by any aggressed governmcnt, since the un- answered cry of Ohina before the League of Nations, 1931. There must be close to 10,000,000 people running from extermination by the Com- munists mingled in and ahead of UN’s re- treat, he said. He told how Seoul dwindled overnight from 1,500,000 to 200,000—the lat- ter number anxious to flee alsc, but pre- vented by the military jam. He described homes, villages, towns, and cities in ashes— with no shelter, food, or much hope of as- sistance for the silent, sick, terrified miles of refugees carrying their only chance for sur- vival on their backs. But Colonel Limb’s speech was not only a supplication, it was one of the bravest chal- lenges ever Offered to UN. Once more Korea asked only for weapons with which to fight to the death their Red oppressors. Presi- dent Syngman Rhee repeatedly requested half a million rifles to aid the fight. Now one of the strange things about this screwy war in Korea, is that since last June, over 6 months, we have had oppor- tunity to arm and instruct Nterally hundreds of thousands of the embattled Koreans. I don't mean to say we should have attempted full-scale division or even regimental organi- gation along the United States approved plans. But what was wrong with establish- ing a flock of our own guerrillas? One of the exasperating features of the way our Government proceeds against Rus- sia’s proxy armies, is its failure to exploit obvious opportunities. The cry for weeks and months has been: “But they outnumber Outnumber us, why? Because we have from the start, declined to put the South Koreans on a full military footing. In the beginning, at the advice of the Lattimore- Rusk school of bum guessers, we armed them without ammunition, with rifles that had no bolts, with light mortars and lghter artillery which could not stop old-style tanks. We put public relations officers in charge as military and field instructors, and we won- dered why the hard core, Jong prepared and fanatic North Koreans ran through them at will, Since then the South Korean has been toughened by privation, and with many an Asiatic, has had his eyes opened to the massive snare and slavery of Russtan-im- perialist communism. They are, as Colonel Limb told UN, “prepared to fight in the valleys, in the mountains, in the snow, Ice, by day and night—until their last breath ig gone.” He said 500,000 are ready this minute. They will fight with anything—rifies, Sten guns, grenades. They will go in as guerrillas, climb the mountains our men cannot yet negotiate, to meet the Reds on equal footing. Gen. Robert B. McClure, relieved yesterday as commander of the United States Second Infantry Division, put all this into a state- ment which may or may not have caused his removal. He reiterated that Americans pre- fer to fight where they can utilize mecha- nized vehicles, bring fire power to bear, and eliminate the bushwhacking business at which nobody can match the Red Chinese, the Russians, and the other experts at as- sassination-style warfare, Furthermore, he might have added, to arm these Koreans—and if we still don't trust them we can, as the Germans did through- out the Second World War, place our own aquads behind them, with proper orders— isn’t any costly task. We gave Sten guns to the resistance all over Europe. Why not now, to our Asiatic friends? But more pertinent, there are whole ar- senals of captured Japanese arms, rifles, and ammunition, mortars, and machine guns in Japan. We won't need all of that to rearm Japan, We could save plenty o. GI’s and Koreans by putting it in the hands of able- bodied refugees who now only add a feeding and care burden to outnumbered UN forces, In short, do we want to win in Korea? Or are we just going through some motions, waiting to appease and negotiate it all aWay—as per the last 5 years? We Can Win If— EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOSEPH R. BRYSON OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, believing as I do that the establishment and main- tenance of a strong United Nations is essential to world peace, I am naturally disappointed in the attitude taken by many of the members thereof. It is almost unbelievable that our own Nation was left alone to present the resolution the House passed at our last meeting condemning Red China as an aggressor. It still appears that most of the fight- ing, dying, and spending in the prosecu- tion of the Korean War is being done by the United States. Attached hereto is a timely editorial from the current issue of the United States News and World Report: We Oan Win Ir— (By David Lawrence) We can win the battle of nerves and pre- vent war. But to do so we must not be afraid of war. It will take something more than physical courage, more than big airplanes and big aircraft carriers and big armies and big bombs. It will take moral courage—and in this we are more lacking than in arms. It will take moral courage not only for the United States but for our allies—because in this they, too, are sadl’ lacking. Why is this 80? Maybe it’s the materialism that surrounds us, maybe it’s the illusory belief that creature comforts—the luxuries of a high standard of living-—-are as precious as life itself. Maybe there are too many of us who think that the only law of compensation is that which is reflected in the weekly pay envelope or the coupons on the bonds or the dividend checks. Maybe there are too many of us who think that peace means just plenty to eat and drink—high profits and high-wage levels— and that taxes and economic controls are simply devices invented by the devil to in- terfere with our American way of life. Maybe the so-called isolationism which has cropped up recently is a sincere manifes- tation of the belief that Americans do not owe anything to any other nation in the world by way of arms or economic help and that the good Lord doesn’t care whether we share what we have with any other peoples— indeed, whether we concern ourselves at all with the poverty of other peoples. But, !f so, there's something wrong with this age in which we live. Is it the governments or the peoples? Certainly in Europe and Asia the paasive acceptance of a rule of tyranny behind the fron curtain indicates that many persons ap- parently prefer despotism and Hfe in slavery to freedom and the risks of death. Certainly on this side of the fron curtain there are many persons in Britain and France and Germany and India and even in the United States who are ready to discard prin- ciple and moral standards in exchange for some paper agreement that temporarily, at A279 least, gives them a promise of continued existence without fighting. Isolationism isn’t Just an American phe- nomenon. It is to be found in all countries where the prime desire is to protect one's own interest and offer as little as possible to protect anyone else's interest. There can be no effective program of col- lective security on that basis. The UN has all the machinery needed to express intor- National policy. But the defect isn't in the mechanism—it's in the members who are failing to live up to their responsibilities as partners in a world alliance. Mutuality of obligation and reciprocity seem to be the exception rather than the rule. Moral courage is rare, What ts it that the Communists have that we don’t have? ‘ They have imagination, boldness, and courage born of a fanatical devotion to a cause, If some human beings can exhibit courage to carry out a diabolical cause like commu- nism, why can't other human beings exhibit courage to carry out the greatest moral pur- poses that man could possibly have? The truth is that we are dawdiing along on all sides—we sacrifice principle and devi- ate from moral standards in the UN, and we do the same thing in our parliaments and our congresses. Our elected leaders play selfish politics, snarl at their opposition, and trifie with moral standards—preferring expe- diency to principle. Whatever it may have been that caused the decline and fall of Rome or the extinc- tion of great empires and republics in an- cient days, we do know that governments are as frail as the individuals who compose them and the constituents who elect them. We can win—we can prevent the big war. But it will take resoluteness. And resolute- ness means moral fiber, and not craven sure render to materialism. Resoluteness means a spirit that is ready to fight against evil and to make collective security a reality instead of a mythical goal. Resoluteness means courage in high places and a forthrightness in expressing moral purposes to the peoples of all countries—~ whether or not their governments are allied with us. He who is right within himeelf is thrice armed—in body, in spirit, and in the inspiring example he sets to others. Our Government is not right within itself—and neither are all our people right within them~ selves. Too many would acquiesce in hypoc- risy. Too many would condone evil. Too many would sell their souls for a mess of pottage, We are less ready 10 do battle on the moral front than on the military front. We can win—but only when we build up the moral courage that comes from a sincere desire to make sacrifices for the cause of human free- dom everywhere that it is gravely challenged. We are our brothers’ keepers, The St. Lawrence Seaway Project Should Be Abandoned EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT OF PENNSYLVANIA \ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, the St. Lawrence seaway project is before the Elghty-second Congress. Already proponents of the economic monstrosity have introduced legislation on the sub- ject.
‘A280 We who come from the great State of Pennsylvania or from ather coal-produc- dng areas as well as coastal towns are opposed to the St, Lawrence waterway project as vigorously as we were when it was first proposed many years ago. In support of our opposition to this project, I call your attention to a state- ment on December 20, 1950, made by Mr. Carroll Huntress, eastern vice president of the Republic Coal & Coke Co., of Chicago, in an address before the Rotary Club of Detroit, Mich. The address of Mr. Huntress is packed full of facts that should convince any person that the St. Lawrence seaway project should be permanently shelved. The address is as follows: A CumraIn INALIENABLE RIGHT It ts a real pleasure to be here in this company of alert progressive men. Your committee advises that the program today is 4ntended to focus on the public-utility in- dustries. We are using the phrase tn its broad and proper sense, to embrace electric and gas supply systems, telephone and tele- graph systems, bus and trucking systems, railroads—all of those businesses which serve the whole public and which exist only by virtue of public franchise. Although not in the employ of any of those industries, I have had a keen interest in them since the late thirties, when I had the privilege of assisting Wendell Willkie in his historic rear-guard fight against the Ten- neesee Valley Authority. That fight did not succeed tn salvaging all the investment in the electric companies that were put out of business; but it did, I believe, serve to help keep alive, in the minds of the American peo- ple, some realization of the important pub- lic issues at stake. You people of Michigan are fortunate in that most of your public utilities are in that type of ownership which, for want of a bet- ter word, we call private. Of course, there is nothing so very private about ownership that is divided amongst tens of thousands of investors, in industries whose services are completely under the surveillance of public regulatory commissions. But the owner- entp is private in this sense, that all the in- veatment in these companies has been vole untary; that the investors have some degree of control over the properties; and that any investor is free to withdraw from the bust- ness at any time, by selling his securities to someone else. So it has come about that the people of Michigan have at their service several billion dollars’ worth of public. ‘utility properties that have been built with- out any burden whatever to the public treasuries. Not only that, but these indus- tries are among your largest texpayers, and all the rest of the taxpayers benefit from this sharing of the tax burden. The reason I emphasize these two fea- tures of the so-called private ownership of your public utilities is that these industries are favorite targets of the Socialists—not only the sinoere Socialists but also the polit- ical opportunists who think they can use So- cialist methods without putting on the So- clalist label. In Greet Britain such indus- tries were the first to be nationalized. In the United States there is a concerted drive to nationalize electric power. About one- fifth of the supply of that power in this coun- try now comes from plants owned by Federal, State, or local governments or their agen- cies—principally Federal as to the plants themselves but not as to the distribution systems. This huge development has used large amounts of public funds raised by taxation and public borrowing. There ts a sad con- trast between the situation of a taxpayer who is compelled to contribute to the cost of building public works without hope of any | direct personal return and that of a volun- tary investor who puts his savings at the Gisposal of a business with some hope of compensation and with reasonable prospect of being able to recover his savings when he needs them. Now that we are all getting a first-hand acquaintance with inflation, it is becoming plain enough that the taxpayers not only suffer losses as underwriters of projects whose costs are not wholly recovered from project revenues. They are hit in another way, too, when the Federal Government borrows money for public works or any other purpose. That is the biggest single factor in the pres- sure toward shrinkage of the dollar—espe- clally when the borrowing follows the pres- ent fashion of calling on the country's bank- ing system. Beyond all that, the owner- ship of a public-utility system by a govern- ment or by a governmental agency always enjoys tax exemptions not enjoyed by busi- ness enterprises. This in itself places added burdens on the tax-paying public, for the taxes have to be levied on somebody. So I think you people of Michigan have been wise in leaving most of your public utilities to function as self-supporting, taxpaying enter- prises, rather than as governmental units. But I must call your attention to the fact that those who connive to expand govern- mental activities into all possible flelds are itching to get a real foothold in this part of the country. At present they ar~ trying to exploit your very natural interest in the proposal to construct a deeper waterway from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. They hope, with your help, to create, through the dual-purpose project, a new center in the Northeast for the growth of Federal elec- tric-power systems and a new bludgeon with which to make life tougher for the railroads. Some of you may be surprised to hear the St. Lawrence project spoken of in those terms. I am sure no one in this room has favored the project on grounds of leftist po- litical ideology. Those of you who have favored it no doubt felt that it would be a good thing for the city Detroit. But I suggest thet you take notice of the constst- ent energetic support that has been given to thts project, for many years, by the left- wingers in Washington. I don't think they are doing it out of love of Detroit. Their motives have shown up in the recent tug-of-war between Prestdent Truman and New York's Governor Dewey over the ques- tion of building the St. Lawrence hydroelec- tric power plante tn New York and Ontario without the deeper ship canals and locks, New York and Ontario have made a dicker to do that at their own expense, if permitted by their respective Federal Governments. They point out that it would not interfere with later construction of the navigation works, whenever the two countries might want to build them. But New York has been unable to get approval of its plan tn Washington. The Federal administration seems determined not to let the power proj- ect slip out of ite own hands. Perhaps you thought the Federal Govern- ment was going to sell the power plant to New York, anyway, should the combined power and navigation project be built. That is the pretended plan; but it is a phony. The St. Lawrence legisiatton now before the Congress says a few kind words about trans- ferring the power project to New York, but it leaves all the necessary arrangements for such a transfer unsettled until after Ped- eral construction gets under way. The busy Hittle Federal planners know how to handle that kind of set-up. The power plant would be built and finished while arrangements for its transfer to New York were dis- cussed, endiesaly. Then the plant couldn't be left idle. It would have to be put into service as a Federal power operation. Then it would be ready to become a key point that visionary Federal power system for th Northeast that is so dear to the hearts Qo8 APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Washington's planners, a system stretching from Niagara to the Bay of Fundy. There is & sound principle summed up in that old proverb, “When it toucheth thes then thou smartest.” Four years ago, before @ congressional committee, R. 1. Ireland, Jr., vice president of the Hanna Coal & Ore Corp., Cleveland, testified in opposition to the St Lawrence project, as follows: “We have re- viewed the St. Lawrence seaway as to its effects on our Labrador ore interests and we have come to the conclusion, after again re- viewing the whole situation, that our tn- terest in this big ore body up there is far greater without a seaway than with o sea- way—if you can bring in cheap raw material, what use will you have for cheap raw ma- terial if the end product is going to have to compete with cheap finished products? We have got to protect our standard of living in this country; and, failing to do so, we merely bring our economy, which is developed so greatly in the Great Lakes Basin area, into competition with all the cheaper foreign goods that could be brought in by such a seaway.” That statement is as timely today as when uttered and I commend it to labor and management in this great industrial city, lest they be touched and then smart; a de- bacle devoutly desired by certain left-wingers determined to disrupt our economy. Last month, I understand, the mayor of Detroit, in an address before this club, spoke of plans to put the harbor of Detroit into shape to take care of oceangoing vessels over the proposed 27-foot canal. Surely the mayor must have had reference to foreign- fiag ships, for less than 9 percent of United States flag tonnage, fully loaded, can transit & 27-foot canal—the depth designated in an agreement made with Canada 18 years ago. That was admitted at the House Pub. lic Works Commitee hearings last May by General Pleming, then Chairman of the United States Maritime Commission. Fur- thermore, letters from 80 leading American steamship companies appear in the Conarss- SIONAL Recorp of May 8, 1947, in protest against the project and stating they would have no use for it were it built. It might be well for your mayor and your Congressman, Gzorcr DONvERO, to get to- gether on this matter. The latter knows how few United States flag ships could move over the proposed canal; knows that the sole purpose the waterway would serve, other than accommodation of the smaller-type foreign-flag ships, would be extension of the Great Lakes system to the lower Bt. Lawrence, so that lake carriers could load Labrador ore at Seven Islands. He knows that, because he said at the House hearings last May, and I quote, “There is no sense in deepening any ports except those used for tron ore.” General Pick, chief, Army engi- neers, concurred in that statement at the hearing. Reference to iron ore calls to mind a ques- tion asked of me by a member of this club. He inquired about the recent fervent appeal of your Congressman, Joan Dinax., for the launching of a holy crusade to save dy- namic Detroit from becoming a ghost city. That catastrophe, your Washington repre- sentative claims, is in the cards unless the St. Lawrence canal is built pronto to pro- vide for the movement of Labrador ore to Midwest steel plants. Such propaganda about Detroit and other prosperous lake cities to me appears puerile. One wonders why the chambers of commerce are not up in arms. The worst, of it is that this propa- ganda is being disseminated in the face of the greatest expansion ever to take place in the Midwest steel industry and Great Lakes fleet construction, There ts no more ghostliness about the Labrador ore investments than there is about the lake ports, The conclusion, a few weeks ego, of financial arrangements between the steel operators and insurance companies for development of the project was marked by &
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD statement from an operator-spokesman who said, of the presently contemplated annual production of 10,000,000 tons, that plans called for bringing in 5,000,000 tons up the present 14-foot St. Lawrence canal system; 8,000,000 tons by rail from Montreal to the Pittsburgh and Youngstown areas; and 2,000,000 tons by ocean route to Baltimore and Philadelphia. What is more, he said the delivered price of the Labrador ore will compare favorably with that of ore shipped from the Lake Supertor district. A high rallroad official stated a few days ago that American and Canadian railroads can and will take care of all west-bound ore ship- ments offered them at Montreal. Oongress- man DINGELL must now be in a quandary to fashion another battle cry. Commencing with bananas, which were to be brought cheaper into the Middle West via the water- way, the dictionary has been pretty well pruned, during the 30 years of active agita- tion for this project, of names of commodi- ties that might be promoted. But let us not be harsh on our lawmakers. It is a fallacious beltef that man thinks intelligently or acts rationally in the political fleld. There remains one threadbare string on the 8t. Lawrence bow, which the proponents con- tinue to strum. We hear much about the necessity for the navigation features and the power capacity of the project as instru- menta of national defense. The project would represent an ideal objective of serial warfare in a polar attack, particularly in the light of the bottleneck ‘features of transpor- tation to and from the Great Lakes Basin. It is not the point that anything that can be built can also be destroyed. The point is that to thus tie up the wat2rway would tie up its vaunted transportation program and bottle up in the Great Lakes any boats built for ocean use. For 5 months, ice does the bottling. On November 29, according to the Associated Press, "Senator Tarr said he did not believe the St. Lawrence proposal could be classed as a defense project.” As to the need of electric power for de- fense industries, the St. Lawrence project is about the slowest conceivable way to pro- vide power. Its completion would take 6 or 7 years. Steam plants are built in less than half the time. The electric utilities in New York, as well as in Michigan and elsewhere, are meeting their challenge in the present war as they did in the last one. As to the period of World War II, former Secretary of the Interior Krug said, “Power was never too little or too late.” As to the national power situation today, James W. Parker, president, Detroit Edison Co., said on August 13, “It is good; and don't let anyone tell you otherwise.” Of the situa- tion in the State of New York, Alexander M. Beebee, president of the Rochester Gas & Hlectric Corp., recently said, “The need of such developments as the St. Lawrence be- cause of a claimed shortage of power just is not true.” As to the need of transportation for de- fense purposes, the record of the railroads in World War II stands out as one of the greatest achievements in American indus- try. These words of Clarence F. Lea, spoken during that war, when he was chairman of the House Interatate and Foreign Commerce Committee, tell the story, “In all the world no job is being better done than by the American railroads.” And today, against odds, they are doing a great job. However, the present efficiency of the rallroads can- not be maintained, if subsidized competi- tion grows increasingly severe. Despite their efficient operation, the raflroad earn ings, due to that competition, are insuffl- cient to attract investment of new capital necessary to keep pace with national trans- portation requirements. While we are on the subject of subsidy, 9 North Carolina project is illustrative of the absurd lengths to which that practice is heing stretched. Federal funds in the amount of 83,849,000 have already been spent in the dredging of a channel in Cape Fear River for the sole benefit of a single oil com- pany. Washington was shocked recently when this case was exposed before a con- gressional committee. But the Cape Fear River project is a pigmy alongside the St. Lawrence proposal which contemplates ex- penditure of over a billion dollara in the dredging of a channel primarily to benefit six steel operators. The proposal, mind you, is not designed to enable those operators to ship ore under competitive conditions; for such conditions already exist, as the oper- ators admit. It is planned principally to give them an advantage over their competi- tors through a subsidized waterway; for tolls, if ever imposed, would fall far short of self- liquidation. The Cape Fear case is bad enough. The St. Lawrence affair, in that it would push eastern railroads toward bank- ruptcy, might lead to a national calamity, The present danger of nationalization of the railroads lies not in a conscious choice of the voters but rather in the Indirect result of conditions, brought on by subsidized com- petition, which would make it impossible for the railroads to do the job. Should the railroads be forced into banke ruptcy, the Government would have to take them over, They would not go out of busi- ness, for no carrier or group of carriers can supplant them as the backbone of the Na- tion’s transportation system. The economy of the country is built around the rallroad freight car. Nationalized railroads would then be in direct competition with all other forms of transportation; which means that Covernment would take over those other forms, as has been done in Great Britain. From nationalization of transportation to that of many, if not most basic businesses would be but a short step, as Great Britain has shown us. This is the all-important fact, namely, that the problem is much larger, broader than the future of the rall- roads or the electric power industry. It con+ cerns the very life of our free economy. The fathers of the American Republic, in their great Declaration, found that men had been endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; among which, they Msted three. They apparently did not feel it nec- essary, specifically, to list one which for generations had been the principal subject of their declaration of the rights of man— namely, the right privately to possess and enjoy the fruit of one’s labor; an inalienable right on which life itself, liberty and the pursuit of happiness in a very real sense were believed by them to depend. Today this inalienable right is being whittled away—whether at Moscow, Peiping or Wash- ington. There is but one way to resist usurpation of the {nalienab e rights of men, and that 1s to resist each individual attempt of overreaching government to appropriate, to itself, those things inalienable in the peo ple, whom government is supposed to serve, It {s for that reason that unnecessary col- lectivist devices Hke the St, Lawrence canal and power project should be opposed, even though a statistician’s dream might seem to show that they can be made to pay their way. T have referred to the drive to collectivize the power industry. When that has been don,, might not the production of alumi- num and magnesium by the use of electrical energy also become communized? Should a subsidy be given to the steel operators, by way of the proposed ore transportation route, would it then be terrifically difficult to carry out a suggestion as to which a broad hint has alreacy been made in a most exalted place, namely, that of communizing the steel industry? And when aluminum and steel have been communigzed, how about the industrial products into which those raw materials enter? The producers in this area know what that would mean. Gentlemen, is this fantasy? On Decem- ber 8, 12 days ago, the president of the A281 American Bankers Association, James E. Shelton, charged that the American peaple have been led down tne road to ultimate political and economic enslavement. The Foundation for Economic Education just ra- cently put out a graph showing the growth in Government ownership of wealth (land ex- cluded) from 1902 to 1946, This graph shows that, as of the year 1946, over 20 percent of the total wealth of the country (outside of land) were in the hands of Government— & percentage over three times as great as the 6 percent Government ownership shown for the year 1902 So much for the ownership of the wealth of the people. So much for the destruction of that inallenable right. But your Govern- ment and mine goes even further: “Practi- cally every business, large or small, ts affected by some form of governmental licensing con- trol.” Those words, gentlemen, are not mine. They're quoted from page I of a publication of the United States Department of Com« merce entitled—and God save the dimen- sion—Small Business and Government Li- censes.” Not the Gargantuan steel industry, not the automotive industry, not the rall- roads, not the power octopus—this is small business, that is now acknowledged to be under not merely governmental regulation, my friends, but governmental licensing con- trol. Is it fantastic to say that we have got to look to the safety of a certain inalienable right? NATIONAL St. LAWRENCE PROJECT CONFERENCE, Washington, D. C., December 20, 1950, Hon. James E. Van ZAnot, M. C,, House Office Building, Washington, D.C. Dean CoNGRESSMAN: You have been a atanch friend of the opposition to the pro- posed St. Lawrence waterway, and we appre- ciate it. We are wondering if you would mind put- ting the enclosed speech and statement by Mr. Huntress, our chairman, in the Recorp. It is not our desire to load up the Recorp, but there have been several incorporations lately by proponents of the waterway, which we think should not go unanswered. Thanking you very much, I am, Sincerely yours, CARLISLE BARGERON, Publicity Representative, BIATEMENT BY CARROLL B, HUNT2ESS, CHAIR- MAN, NaTIONAL ST. LAWRENCE PrRosncr Con~ FERENCE Those frenzied proponents of the proposed 8t. Lawrence waterway who are loudly sound- ing doomsday for Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago, and the Great Lakes area unless 10,000,000 tons of Labrador-Quebec ore can come into the country in a particular way, are doing their area a serious disservice. One wonders why the chambers of commerce are not up in arms against this type of propaganda be- cause it is certainly not the way to get new investments and new industries. However, what 18 worse is that this propa- ganda is being pursued in the face of the greatest expansion to take place in the Mid- west steel industry and Great Lakes fleet construction in years. The American Ship Bullding Co. in its magazine, the American Ship Builder, tells about that company’s having plans on the drawing board for five freighters, discusses other Lakes shipbuilding activity and says: “The decision of lake operators to start the long-awaited rebuilding of the fleet re- flects great faith and optimism in the future and it sets at rest rumors that the Great Lakes region was doomed to obsolescence be- cause of the exhaustion of high grade hema- tite deposits in the Lake Superior region. “The decision to build new ships, to en- large the ore-carrying capacity of the fleet, indicates that there are either adequate
A282 quantities of high-grade ore, or that the use of lower-grade ores in feusibie and economi- cally possible. These low-grade-ore reserves are known to be tremendous.” The Cleveland Press of November 17 re- that three steel companies, Repubiic, Jones & Laughlin, and American Steel Wire, plan to spend §150,000,000 for plant expansion In Cleveland alone, Several weeks ago Inland Steel announced an expansion of tte Bast Chicago, Ind. plant to an additional y of 750,000 tons; about the same time National Steel announced ite plan to spend between $25,000,000 and $30,000,000, mostly on the of ite plani near Detroit. On July 19, United States Steel, whom the dists cite in support of their argu- ment that the steel industry is headed to- ward the Atlantic seaboard because it hw bought the site far a plant in ‘New Jersey, announced it was increasing the capacity of fig plants ln the Chicag2 and Plitaburgh dis- tricts by 1,660,000 tons, Similariy, two of its Lakes cattle am cumucsion af four Inge ately beginning on our Lakes carriers to cost more than $20,000,000. Karly in the year, the largest ore carrier, the Wilfred Sykes which cost $5,000,000 was put into service by Inland Stee). The whole agitation about Detroit, Cleve- land, Chicago et al. becoming ghost towns sprung from the small grcup of steel oper- ators who have invested in the Labradar- Quebec ore and want the subsidized water- way to help them with the competitive costs of their relatively small kitty of ore in the 100,000,000 tons which we use annually. Now it seems that not only 1s it nonsense about ghostliness belng in stare for Lakes ports but aiso it is evident that the absence cf the St. Lawrence waterway will not even mean ghostiiness for the Labrador-Quebeo investments of the steel operators. Charles R. Hook, chai-min of the board of Armco, one of the companies interested in the Labrador-Quebec project, was quoted in the Chicago Journal of Commerce of October 19 as saying this ore could be brought im over present transportation facilities at @ reasonable cost but, of course, it would be more reasonable over the St. Lawrence water- way. Now, George M. Humphrey, president of the M. A. Hanna Co., of Cleveland, and leader in the Labrador-Quebec enterprise, an- nounced in the New York Times of Novem- ber 18, that present plans call for bringing in 6,000,000 tans annuaily over the present &t. Lawrence canal system, 3,000,000 tons by rail from Montreal to the Pittsburgh and Youngstown areas, and 2,000,000 tons by ocean route to the Baltimore and Philadel- phia sections. “The delivered price," said Mr. Humphrey in the New York Times of November 18, '‘will compare favorably with that of ore shipped from the Superior region.” You can bet your boote that the insurance with which the Labrador tron Ore interests had fust closed a financing deal for the buliding of a raliroad from the ore fields to Seven Islands on the Guli of &t. Lawrence, were convinced of this. Aviation Corps REMARKS HON. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL oF NEw YORK IN THE HOUTE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, January 19, 1951 Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. Speaker, I led the fight in this House during World War II to vermit men who did not have a college degree to fly our fighter planes. After much agitation, I succeeded in prevailing on the flying services to abolish such a silly require- ment and let down the bars. As a Te- suit, all Americans were adinitted to our flying services, and victory was ours. Today thousands of eager, patriotic young men find themse’ves denied the right of becoming aviation cadets solely by the accident of being born into fami- lies who did not have enough money to send them to college. This is class discrimination at its worst and goes on the shaky premise that the boy who did not go to college is unqualified to fig’ for Uncle Sam flying a combat plane. There are more boys who have the technical know-how ‘o fly but who are automatically disqualified by such a rul- ing than there are those who are eligible. Just because a boy did not go through 2 years of college does not mean he lacks the mental keenness, the high intelli- gence, and mechanical ability which are the prime requisites of a good fighter t I repeat, to bar these countless thou- sands from our aviation cadet schools solely for the reason they did not attend a college for 2 years is building a serious caste system in the American fighting forces, The only fair way is to base require- ments on sound mechanical knowledge, physical and mental alertnesss, ani gen- eral technical proclivity. In so doing, boys who may not have been lucky enough to attend schools of higher learning will be able to become aviation cadets just as readily as their more for- The President has called for a gigan- tic air force, and Congress has voted even a larger one. How can we ap- proach these demands {if we shut off the chief source of manpower for such an important unit of our armed might? There is only one answer. Lift the unnecessary restrictions that bar so meny enthusiastic applicants for train- ing as aviation cadets and build the greatest air forces ever known. The bill Tam introducing today will accomplish Kremlin Is Grateful to Lattimore EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. GEORGE A. DONDERO OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, never let it be said that the Kremlin is un- grateful for services rendered. Owen Lattimore, the long-time State Depart- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD been to peddie the Communist gospel that Red China should be admitted to the United Nations. For this and other devotion to the cause, the Soviet magazine Novy Mir in a recent issue praised Lattimore to the skies as “an outstanding far-eastern specialist of the United States Depart- ment of State” and “one of the few col- laborators of Acheson who is actually ing to the Soviet magazine, that colonial peoples “who are shot at from American guns see more and more clearly that Russia is their true friend.” When an alleged American who has spent several years on the Government payroll and hes had the ear of top Gov- ernment officials holds views of that kind, the American people are entitied to know the facts so they may judge for themselves exactly where his loysity lies. At this point I am placing in the Recorb the full text of an article about Lattimore in the January 8, 1051, issue of the new magazine titled “The Free- maan,” which is published at 240 Madison Avenue, New York 16, N. Y¥.; Tam Kiss oF Drarn The Kremlin recentiy decided it was high time to give Owen Lattimore a friendly pat on the shoulder. This was done in the char- acteriatic, clumally devious Bolshe’ k man- ner. In ‘he authoritative macnz .0 Movy Mic for November 1950 appeared a iong and exceedingly favorable review of Dr. Latti- more's buok, The Situation in Asia, pub- lished in 1940. The review ja pretaccd by the familiar statement that since the liberation of Burope and Asia by the glorious Red army there has been wa wonderful resurgeace of the Asiatic peoples against their Anglo- American expluiters. Novy Mir calls Dr. Lattimore “an outstand- ing far eastern specialist of the United States Department of State,” “one af the few ¢co'laborators of Acheson who is actually ac- quainted with conditions ir the Far East,” and “a bourgeais with a sober approach to far-eastern problems,” “Lattimore's viewa,” says the review, “are entirely different from the wild, nightmarish views of American reactionaries.” The Johns Hopkins professor is presented ag under- standing the true nature of Soviet democ- racy, and ag knowing that it is Soviet propa- ganda which attracts the Asiatic peoples. He also knows, according to the Moscow journal, that colonial peoples ‘‘who are shot at from American guns see more and more clearly that Rusaia is their true friend’; that it is “sheer maduess to oppose the admiasion of (Communist) China into the UN.” Emphasis 4 laid on the high esteem in which Owen Lattimore holds the Soviet Union and everything Moscow stands far. “The utterances of this bourgeots American observer,” says the magazine, “are an in- dictment of the ruling circles of the United States, and of the entire postwar policy of the imperialist camp.” Novy Mir is pleased to note that Dr. Lattimore's indictments are di- rected exclusively at the United States. He indicts America’s intervention in the civil war in China; be indicte our policy in the Philippines, Japan, Iran, Indochina and else- where in the Rast—Sar, Near, and Middic, The review ends with a strong condemna-~ tton of the United States Government for not having followed the course outlined by Dr. Lattimore. The ruling dircles of the United States, Novy Mir maintains, have refused to accept the advice he has so magnanimously given. This saddens Moscow no end. Axcum,
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Mr, Martin in Minute-Man Role EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. LEO E. ALLEN OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. ALLEN of Illinois, Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following editorial from the Mobile Register, of Mobile, Ala., on January 16, 1951; Mr. MARTIN IN MINUTE-MAN ROLE It 1s not necessary to always agree with him, or to always agree entirely with his views on a given subject, to appreciate the presence in Congress of a figure such as Rep- resentative JoszpH W. MarTIN, Jp., of Mas- sachusetts. Particularly in the face of conditions which now exist, the country can count it a stroke of good fortune that Congressman Martin of Massachusetts is a Member of the House. This is illustrated by a statement he has just issued. As Robert Barkdoll, of the United Press, sums it up, Congressman MarTIN’s ‘dre was aroused by Mr. Truman's annual economic report and an accompanying report from the President's Council of Economic Advisers.” Mr Barkdoll adds that “he (Mr. Martin) said the council spelled out the ‘blueprint for socialism’ at which Mr. Truman only hinted.” These remarks are attributed to Congress- man Martin by INS in its report on his statement: “In the name of the national crisis, it 1s planned to transform America into a com- pletely socialist economy. “The pattern of control and regimentation which the council's report contains is noth- ing short of a blueprint for socialism. * * * “critical times call for critical and con- scientious action. The determination of the socialist planners to reach their goal by taking advantage of the situation 1s a dis- grace.” Congressman MagTIN called increased tax- ation the “touchstone in this socialist blue- print.” According to INS, Mr. MarrTIn sald the average American now pays more than 25 percent of his income to Federal, State, and local governments in taxes, and went on to add: “With the additional staggering increases proposed, American citizens will find them- selves turning over to the Government be- tween one-third and one-half of all they earn so that the Government may spend it for them. “This can only lead to less independence for the individual and more dependence on government—exactly the socialist goal.” The Nation needs “minute men” like Con- gressman MARTIN On guard in Washington to keep an eye open and be ready to speak out. Ce enema Apropos of Interoceanic Canals: Atomic Bomb and National Defense EXTENSION OF REMARES HON. THOMAS E. MARTIN Or 10Wa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr, MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, in an extension of my remarks in the Recorp of March 16, 1950, entitled “In- teroceanic Canals: Modern Arms and National Defense,” I included a con- densation of Dr. Vannevar Bush's book Modern Arms and Free Men, as pub- lished in the February 1950 issue of the Reader’s Digest. In that work Dr. Bush, though fully recognizing the terrific destructiveness of the atomic bomb, emphasized that the development of other modern weapons, namely, radar, proximity fuzes, and fast interceptor planes, might again place the defensive warfare in the ascendant and result in the reappearance of the dead- lock on land, as was experienced in World War I. In support of his thesis that the powers of defensive weapons are increasing with respect to the offensive use of the atomic bomb, Dr. Bush recently made an im- portant statement with respect to the present war crisis, It should go far in allaying any hysteria or exaggcrated in- terpretation of the importance of any single weapon, however powerful. It effectively emphasizes at this time the need for disciplined thinking on ques- tions of national defense, the avoidance of oversimplifications, and the need for a well-proportioned program toward a balanced defense. To make this statement, as published in the Washington Daily News of Decem- ber 18, 1950, readily available to the Government and the Nation, I am ex- tending my remarks to include its full text: Our A-Boms Enoz Is Faptnc Fast (By Dr. Vannevar Bush) (Dr. Vannevar “sush, wartime Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Devel- opment, has joined with Harvard President James B. Conant, former Under Secretary of Army Tracey Voorhees and a score of other prominent Americans in forming the Com- mittee on the Present Danger. Their pure pose is to put forward the idea that America needs @ universal-military-service law pro- viding 2 years’ training for every young man on reaching age 18 or on graduation from high school, whichever comes later. In the following statement Dr. Bush gives his rea- sons for thinking that this drastic proposal is necessary.) In any consideration of atomte warfare today there are several factors that must be borne clearly in mind. First, there is no question that Rusaia has produced an atomic bomb. Second, having produced one, there is no doubt that Russia can produce more in time, and can make ea stockpile. I do not know how many. I do not know their rate of pro- duction. But we certainly must conclude that they are now engaged in producing a number. Third, I would point this out to you: There are many evidences that defense against the atom bomb is mounting. BOMBING PLANES CAN BE STOPPED Toward the end of the war you may re- member that German jet planes came in against our bombers. If Germany had pro-« duced jet planes in quantity, they could have stopped our bombing. The Germans’ mis- take was that they concentrated on trying to produce terror weapons like the V-bomb. Since that time, faster bombing planes have been developed, and means have been developed for bombing from higher altitudes, On the other side of the picture, the jet planes have been developed for greater speed and greater range. Ground-controlled guided missiles have also been developed, and proximity fuzes. A283 They are sll very powerful things to stop bombers with. That is why I say the de- fense against delivery of atom bombs is mounting. At some time, in my opinion, Russia can build such a defense that we would have exceedingly great difficulty in delivering A- bombs on thelr primary targets. We might still reach their secondary targets. But whenever Russia feels that she could impose upon our bombers such attrition that we could not undertake to bomb primary targets, then at that time we must have other means of stopping the Russian armies. jl TV, BUT NO RADAR , It is my belief that we in this country have not given the attention to these things that the present danger demands. For in- stance, we have built a great television net- work. At the same time, Russia has been pullding much more of a radar defense net- work. I realize the value of a TV network, It means enormous power in conveying to the public important events of the day. What I am saying fa that in the last 6 years we have built a TV network and that we have not built a radar network. I think we had better get busy. Fore tunately, we are awake now, after Korea. I think that the principal reason the Rus- sian armies have not moved is our possession of the A-bomb. I think that after Korea, none of us should have any fllusion that the Russtans have been held back by any other scruples. TIME IS RUNNING OUT We should have no iljusion that they are paying any attention to anything except what their power can accomplish. If they have not moved across Europe tn the last 5 years, I think {t has been because of our possession of the A-bomb, I think the effect of this superiority of ours is decreasing with time. By the time it has decreased far enough, the bomb alone cannot prevent a nolocaust. We must have other means—an Army in being capable of holding the line. I believe also that this job of holding the line in Europe cannot be done unless the other countries put their armies on the front simultaneously. It cannot be done by Amer-~ ica alone. Western Europe must be aided and armed for that purpose. Program, Priority, Personalities EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ROBERT HALE OF MAINE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. HALE. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following editorial from the London Economist of January 13, 1951: PROGRAM, PRIORITY, PERSONALITIES When Parliament reassembles in 10 days’ time, it will be clear that the political climate at last permits the rearming of the country to be treated with the seriousness it deserves. The assumption of last summer that there was a low limit to the amount of safety that the country could afford has been tacitly, and may soon be openly, abandoned. Min- istera, Members of Parliament, and common citizens are all frightened, and all calling for action; so much has been achieved by Mao Tse-tung. But not all the old inhibi- tions have been shaken off; the direction has been changed and the pace quickened, but it is still plodding. The Government still
A284 gives the impression of tired men making unwilling efforts. . Yet if ever, in the field of public policy, there was a disagreeable necessity that will be over the quicker the more energetically 4t is tackled from the start, It is this unprece- dented effort to insure peace through strength. If it is done in sufficient measure and in time, there will be no war, if tt ts botched and bungled, the effort may be in vain. Those who hate the necessity for re- armament most should be the most insistent on it now. What the country should require of its rulerg in the next few months can con- veniently be summarized under three heads— a specific program drawn up to meet the necessities of the situation, the grant to it of enough effective priority to insure that it is carried out, and the emergence of per- sonalities strong enough to give the public confidence that the policy will attain its objects. PROGRAM A specific program—2a promise to raise and equip forces of stated size by & stated time— ts needed for two opposite, but by no means contradictory, reasons. The first of these fs to make it clear that the British people are in earnest and mean to play their full part in the alliance of the free nations, The clamor that has arisen in America, accusing America’s allies of making an inadequate ef- fort, is manifestly unfair, at least as far as the United Kingdom is concerned. Every country’s effort has been tnadequate, but Britisr achievements will compare favorably, by any test, with those of the United States iteelf—es, with their usual fairness, the sober American publicists are pointing out. But backward-looking self-fustifications ere not very convincing. The major contribution that the British Government can make to the hardening of mutual confidence among the Allies, on which everything else depends, is to come out with a clear, specific, and tm- preasive statement, couched in terms that anyone can understand, of what they propose to do. But if this first purpose of a specific pro- gram ts to be able to show that it ia big enough, the second purpose is to be able to demonstrate that it is not unlimited, Public opinton in this country, though increasingly determined, is fatalistically so. There is a sinking feeling that the whote horrible busi- ness that this generation has known twice before is beginning again, a conviction that, however mildly it starts, it will inevitably cumulate until the burden is intolerable. If full war comes, this will indeed happen. But 4f war does not come—and the object of the policy is to prevent it—then what is now planned is only a fraction of what the country went th between 1939 and 1945. At the height of the war in the middle of 1943, there were 10,206,000 men and women in the foroes in civil defense and in war production. A specific program of rearma- ment could be turned into a similar figure of manpower required; one may guess that it would come out at about one-quarter of the 1943 total. This ts still an enormous waste of effort. But how much more rational {t seems to ask the people to make the effort of a quarterwar to insure their safety than to allow them to believe that there will be a stendy drift back to all the home-front miseries of total war. PRIORITY The program once drawn up, it is very easy to de¢laim that nothing shall be allowed to stand in its way. Most people are now ready to say that; but very few of them realize what is meant by it. An article on a later page illustrates some of the hurtful things—not reaily important in the national Hfe as a whole, but ditinctly inconvenient and un- popular—that will have to be done to get the needed number of men into the armed forces. At the other end of the scale, it is equally clear that sacrifices of wealth will have to be made, and it follows that the largest sacrifices will have to be made by those who are still comparatively wealthy. But those who make th.ir sacrifices in person and those who make them in money have a right to ask two things of the politicians. The first is that nothing shall be asked beyond what is necessary and useful. There is perhaps little riak of too many men being called up. But there is a very great risk of too much Wealth being conscribed. A capital levy is a prime exam- ple of a device that would squeeze an ounce of real benefit to the community out of a tcn of sacrifice by capital owners. Giving defense priority means abjuring acts of class warfare such as that. The second thing that the public has a right to ask of the politicians is that they, too, shall sacrifice something There are already hints that it is impossible to reduce other forms of government ex- penditure to meet the rising cost of defense This means, of course, that the citizen is going to be asked to make all the necessary cuts in his own personal expenditures, the reduction of which seems fully as impossible to him as cuta in grante and subsidies seem to Mr. Galteskell. The budget will be a very clear test indeed of whether the Government is really determined to give defense an ef- fective first priority. PERSONALITIES The burden even of a quarter war will not be borne unless the people have confidence in their lerdership. The figures of the latest Gallup poll published in the News Chronicle on Tuesday are most illuminating. Mr. Attlee’s personal popularity has risen since October by two points; he enjoys a Clear majority of approval. But the stock of the Government as a whole has slumped in the same period by no less than 7 percent, and is now at its lowest ebb. Unfortunately it ts precisely in the most crucial departments that confidence is lowest. Public opinion has been very kind to Mr. Bevin, since it admires the gallantry of his fight against illness. ‘Bat the safety of the realm ia involved.~:Mx. Bevin, to put it bluntly, is no longer equal to his work, and it 19 tmperative that in these critical months the country should have a Foreign Secretary who is fully alive anc awake and capable of inspiring confidence both at home and abroad. The quartet of defense ministers also inspire the reverse of confidence, Mr, Shinwell has done very much better at the War Office and the Ministry of Defense than he did at the Ministry of Fuel and Power, But he is a controversial figure, an embit- tered and embittering man; his “tinker’s cuss” speech is not forgotten; and it is not for him that sacrifices will be made beyond the call of duty. Lord Halil and Mr. Arthur Henderson are nonentities; and Mr. Strachey is perhaps the most distrusted figure in the Government. Taken together, It can be said of these four that they may not frighten the enemy, but they certainly frighten the British public. No Prime Minister has ever had a clearer duty then Mr, Attlee has to replace these five of hia colleagues by men who will inspire real confidence, not only in the Labor Party but in the country asa whole. If there wore in the Parliamentary Labor Party reserves of talent to be drawn on for the purpose, the Prime Minister's task would be easy. But there are not; one needs only to leten to the names that are put forward for the Foreign Office in current speculation to realize how very restricted, how almost non- existent, is the chalice. It ts therefore neces- sary to go outeide the ranks of the party. Even this, however, does not by itself make a coalition of the parties strictly necessary— certainly not coalition in the ordinary sense, 2 sharing of the patronage of office among the stalwarts of both the major par- ties. There are strong personalities among those servants of the state who are not active politicians. There is among the ambassa~- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD dors at least one who would make an ad- mirable Foreign Secretary; there is among the retired service chiefs at least one excel- lent Mintster of Defense. But it ts not to be supposed that personalities of this sort would take offce in a partisan Cabinet still bent on such spasms of doctrinnire spite as the nationalization of steel. At the very least, a party truce is necessary if there is to be real leadership. And if the best men are to be sought for the job, it would be wrong to exclude active Conservative pol!- tictans just because they are active Con- servative politictans—and just as wrong for them to exclude themselves. We shall be told that this is not practical politics. But if practical politics ts to can- tinue to be the order of the day, the writing on the wall ts clear. Labor’s popularity is slumping, and with a fuel crisis added on top of the burdens of defense, it will clearly slump further. Is it really in Labur’s in- terest that it should limp on, steadily losing its moral authority, until in the end it is forced into an election which, after such a performance, might well be another 1931? Can it conceivably be in the country’s inter- ests? Is it not far better to admit that the British nation is once again in grave peril, and that not only its manpower and its wealth need to be called upon without ex- emptions, but a’-o all its resources in the art of government? The three p's—pro- gram, priority, personalities—will not com- bine with party; they will with patriotism. ER Conservation and Use of Water EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. BRENT SPENCE OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN “ATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, the Pres- ident’s Water Resources Policy Com- mission has prepared a comprehensive report on the immense advantages flow- ing from the conservation and use of water, The proposed reservoir at Falmouth, Ky., is one of the important flood-con- trol projects in the program of flood control for the Ohio Valley. Short- sighted opposition has prevented the construction of the reservoir . which would mean so much to the people of the region. The beneficial effects which would ac- crue from the construction of this res- ervoir are graphically shown by the fol- luwing article written by Glenn Thomp- son, the able Washington representa- tive of the Cincinnati Enquirer: Wasxeincton.—It may be that Congress- man Jor B. Bates, of Greenup, Ky., ia un- wittingly doing Greater Cincinnati a very grent favor. The redoubtable Democrat, Mr. Bares, did not have this in mind. But, if legislation now being written by the Presi- dent's Water Resources Policy Commission and soon to go to Capitol Hill should ever become law, it may work out that way. There are two proposals for development of the Licking River, a river that flows up through Kentucky, between Newport and Covington and into the Cincinnati Hartor. One calls for flood control only. Under this, the army engineers now seek to bulld Falmouth Reservoir, some 80 air miles up the Licking from the foot of Sycamore Btreet, and Cave Run Reservoir, 50 air miles farther upstream. Both are authorized as part of the comprehensive plan for flood control in
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the Ohio Valley. Falmouth would coat ¢18,- 500,000; Cave Run, $9,500,000. But, when it comes to money, they don't get it. The fact that Mr. Barzs is on the House Appropria- tions Committee is the explanation. The other pian for development of the Licking calls for a high-level project and production of hydroelectric power. Besides high dams at Falmouth and Cave Run, there would be small reservoire at Boston Station and Pool’s Creek. Cost is estimated at 661,885,000. This plan would provide not only flood protection but an estimated €8,106,000 worth of hydroelectric power a year. The Kentucky General Assembly in 1946 went on record against power development in the Licking. Before that, the district engineer at Louis- ville and the division engineer at Cincinnati had approved the high-level plan, including power. It came on here to the board of en- gineers for rivers and harbors. In view of the general assembly’s opposition, they dis- approved the high plan and approved de- velopment for flood control only. Mr. Bares doesn’t want even this. “My people,” he says, “want to farm—not peddle fish.” Arguments that a low-level dam at Fal- mouth would displace only 326 families change him not at all. “That is some of the best bluegrass land in the country,” he says. “Families there have been living on it for 150 years. They don't want to move.” Now here is where the President’s Water Resources Policy Commission comes in. It has Just made a voluminous report after a year of work. Its purpose was to devise a national policy that would make the best use of all the water resources of the Nation. It hopes that Congress will write the policy into law. Considerations in-water use include these: Flood control, irrigation, municipal water supplies, industrial supplies, ground water recharge; recreation, power production, pol- lution abatement, navigation, soil conserva- tion, and fish and wildlife propagation. The policy calls for consideration of both the national welfare and of the region's de- velopment in the use of any river. Army engineers, great builders of flood- control works, consider the various uses of water in designing a project but final au- thority remains in thelr hands, and their major interests are flood control and naviga- tion. If Congress adopts the proposed national policy, each great valley like the Ohio would be considered as a unit. Each of the in- terests listed above—fiood control, power, pollution, etc.—would be represented on an interagency committee charged with plan- ning development of the water use in that valley. Each project would have to fit into the valley plan. The committee would have to decide such questions as: Does the central Ohio Valley need the additional power that the Licking could produce? Would it be produced at an economical cost? It would decide whether the valley should supply some water for northern Kentucky municipalities. (Domestic water supply, in fact, has first priority under the policy.) It would consider the Licking daths as a pos- sible source for industrial water. Greater Cincinnatians might pause right here and consider that last. Because their faucets seem to run freely, they are often unaware that their region is hampered by a shortage of industrial water. But this is no secret to some leading Millcreek Valley industries which have foregone expansion plans hecause of the shortage and which are now working vigorously to find new supplies, These Greater Cincinnatians might note that the Government recently dropped five Greater Cincinnati sites from consideration for a new $11,000,000 Quartermaster research laboratory. A major consideration was ine adequate water. . Recently the Atomic Energy Commission disclosed that a tremendous new production center is to be located near Paducah, Ky. Greater Cincinnati might not have wanted it. Nevertheless, a major reason for the choice of the western Kentucky site was the availability of a great clean water supply from Kentucky Dam, On the interagency committee the clean- river people would, of course, be represented, probably through the United States Public Health Service. The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission would have its say in the plans. So would State and local health authorities. Here is the kind of problem they might take to the committee: Regulated release of impounded water can be used to dilute river pollution. Would such release from the Licking be an economical means of re. ducing pollution in the Cincinnati Harbor and reducing the cost of sewage treatment by Greater Cincinnat! communities? So all-inclusive would be the water policy that it might even include mosquito con- trol. The commission's report points out that the life cycle of the anopheles mos- quito can be broken by shifting the water level in a reservoir. Think of everything, don't they? Kentucky would hardly overlook the reo- reational possibilities in the Licking. It has been quick to develop play areas beside the many dams already built in the Common- wealth and it would be unlikely to miss this one so close to a populous center. Well, would the new policy force Kentucky to accept high-level development of the Licking if it still objected? The answer is “No.” The further answer, however, is that, if opponents of what was regarded as proper development of a river were strong enough to prevent it, no development at all would be undertaken. Future possibilities of a water resource would not be destroyed by improper development. Morris L. Cooke, chairman of the commis- sion, thinks another thing might occur. “T pelfeve,” he told me, “that if you could show the people of a region the full use that could be made of a water resource, if you let everybody in on discussing it as you plan the development, and then if you tell them definitely what you are going to do, this one this year, that one 10 years from now, nearly all opposition would fade away.” That probably will not be enough for Mr. BatTEs. Meanwhile he goes ahead prevent- ing the Licking from beit.g developed for flood control only. Maybe he will prevent development long enough for Congress to adopt a real national water policy. eT Economy Note EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, JR. OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts, Myr. Speaker, under permission to extend my remarks, I wish to include a comment from the National Republic Bulletin on the appropriation record of the Eighty- first Congress in comparison with that of the Eightieth Congress: Economy Note Totel appropriations and contract author- izations approved by the Eighty-first Con- gress, which expired January 3, were €135,~ 300,000,000. That's @ lot of money to be spent tn 2 years. The first session, in 1949, approved 846,400,000,000 in appropriations and €6,800,~ 000,000 tn additional cantract authorizations, The second session, 1950, passed appro- priations aggregating $78,800,000,000, then added new contract and loan authorizations to the tune of 83,200,000,000, The Republican Bightieth Congress, so roundly denounced by President Truman in the 1948 presidential campaign, approved total appropriations and contract authoriza- tions (1947 and 19486) in the amount of $73,700,000,000. So the Truman economy program comes out here; For every $1 spent by the Republil- can Hightieth Congress, the Democratic Eighty-first spent $1.85—enough to wipe out the Treasury surplus of $9,200,000,000 left by the Republican Eightieth, and then to run up an additional deficit of $5,600,000,000 to January 1, 1950. Obviously the American people must find some way to bring the Truman squander- bund under effective control. At the present spending rate, the country can't afford even to wait for the next election. It will have to press down on individual Congressmen. Resolution of Hodges Bible Class, Main Street Methodist Church, Greenwood, S.C. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN OF BOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rrcorp, I include the following resolution: Boarp or STEWARDS, Main Street Mernoprst CxurcH, Greenwood, S.C., January 9, 1951, ‘Whereas the Hodges Bible Class of Main Street Methodist Church, Greenwood, 8. C., realizing that our country is faced with the probability of a war that will involve all naijons and peoples of the world; and ‘Whereas the United Siates of America has been blessed in the material things of life far superior to other peoples; and Whereas other nations of the world are looking to the United States of America for leadership; and ‘Whereas our Government, municipal, State, and National, are stressing material progress and preparedness and are neglecting the moral and spiritual life that is so essential to permanent progress and adequate pre- paredness: Now, therefore, be it Resolved— 1, That our municipal, State, and National Government, and particularly our legislative and executive departments be reminded of our foundation principles on which this Na- tion was built, with a resolve that we will not ask God to be with us in this fight, but that we will fight on God’s side and with his Guidance assist in bringing our world to a sense of its obligation to God and to our fellow man, 2. That the members of the Hodges Bible Claas pledge themselves to the support of the principles hereinabove enumerated. 8. That a copy of this resolution be mailed to the executive heads of our city, State, and National Government ard to the Members of the United States Senate, the Congressman of the Third Congressional District, members
A286 of the General Assembly from Greenwood County, and members of the city council, Greenwood, 5. C. 4 That w copy of this resolution be re- leased to the press, with request that it be given wide publicity, and particularly to the Methodist Advocate, the Index-Journal, the Columbia State, Greenville News, Washington Post, and Conoresstonat Recorp. W. K. Omanzes, E. H. Bowsns, L. ©. Brapy, Committee. Princeton University Provides an Aero- nautical and Allied Science Research To Be Named for James V. Forrestal, Late Secretary of Defense EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON OY NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. Speaker, it is pleasing to note from a news article ap- pearing in the New York Herald Tribune, issue of January 9, 1951, and made a part of these remarks, that the laboratories and 800-acre tract on the east bank of Lake Car.egie formerly occupied by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- search have been purchased for $1,500,- 000 by Princeton University. According to the announcement of Dr. Harold W. Dodds, president of the university, ac- companying the purchase the facility will be converted to a $3,000,000 aero- nautical and allied research center to be named for James V. Forrestal, late Sec- retary of Defense. This is a deserv- ing honor to Mr. Forrestal, who gave s0 unselfishly of his ability to the service of his country, and, also recognition of the important part that acience is taking in providing for our security as a Nation and the welfare of our people. Pres- ident Dodds and the officials of Prince- ton University are to be congratulated for providing this important research facility. The news article to which I have re- ferred reads as follows: Princeton Buys $1,500,000 Srrz Near Campus as Scrence CENTER Prnortron, N. J., January 8.—The labora- tories and 800-acre tract on the east bank of the Lake Carnegie formerly occupied by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Re- search have been purchased for $1,500,000 by Princeton University. Dr. Harold W, Dodds, president of the unl- versity, who announced the acquisition today, said that the facility will be converted to a $3,000,000 aeronautical and allied science re- search center to be named for James V. For- restal, late Secretary of Defense. By spring the research program underwritten with Government and private contracts totaling $1,000,000 will begin. The property, including 2 three-story major laboratories, 13 singte-story buildings, and 26 family dwellings will be enhanced by the tranefer of equipment from the crowded research buildings on the 1,200-acre univer- sity campus adjoining the tract. Dr. Dodds said that “the opportunity for rendering a pubiio service in this time of national emergency through an expansion of our existing research factiities was #o obvious that our board of trustees voted to negotiate for the purchase of thie property.” Although it was understood that the money for the purchase was to come from current untversity funds, Dr. Dodds said that the university had received assurances of support from various agencies, Existing equipment at the university and new apparatus pur- chased under the research contracts will bring the vatue of the facility up to $8,000,- 000, it was said. In addition the center will be used in cone nection with the university graduate-re- search program, Dr. Dodde said, and would in no way diminish the university’s standing as a fine arte institution. According to officials of the Rockefeller Institute, the property had been appraised by Army engineers to be worth €1,750,000 and the Arm, Quartermaster Corps was consider- ing buying ft. When the institute decided to vacate the site in 1947 and concentrate its research at its York Avenue plant in New York City, the New Jersey tract was put on sale for $3,000,000. JET STUDY PLANNED The institute began tte work in New Jersey in 1914 in the investigation of animal dis- eases and in 1931 added the study of plant diseases. The institute was founded tn 1901 by the late John D. Rockefeller, Sr., as a philanthropic corporation. Dr. Dodds said that in making its plant and property available to Princeton, the trustees of Rockefeller Institute took into consideration the perpetuation of the prop-~ Sock for scientific use under the university's aegis. Specific projects to be located at the cen- ter will include Project Bquid, a program of supervised and correlated research into rocket, ram-jet, and pulse-jet aeronautical power plants being carried on in six eastern universities, The Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Jet jon Center, and fepartments dealing with problems of chemiteal flow and aero- nautical engineering willealso be transferred to the new property, it was said. PURCHASE HASTENED Dr. Dodds said that for more than 6 months the university has considered the question of how it could best organize its engineering and science departments to make a maximum contribution to the national defense effort and at the same time preserve and build the university's potent as a source of acientific knowledge useful to the broad ranges of the wants of mankind. The national emergency bastened the decision to purchase which it was understood will put the research pro- gram at the university ahead 2 years. It was understood that the center will be named for Mr. Forrestal, who was a member of the class of 1916 and a charter trustee of the institution, because the late Secretary was instrumental in developing the vast aeronautical research program when he was Secretary of the Navy and later as the first Secretary of Defense. Korea GI's Hate Brave-Talking Politicians Most EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. B. W. (PAT) KEARNEY OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr, KEARNEY. Mr. Speaker, onder leave to extend my remarks tn the Rec- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ox, I wish to include the following ar- ticle which appeared tn the New York World-Telegram of January 18, 1951: Korea GI's Bats Basve-TaLxinge Powiricians (By Wiliam Chapman) Somewnree mm Ceterza, Kora, January 18.—American GI's in Koreas are getting hop- ping mad about this war, And thetr wrath ts directed at one general classification: the pofiticien. Get two or more GI's to talking over their troubles and by the time they finish all the blame has been heaped on the politicians. The politicians are responsible for pro- longing the war; for failure to bomb Man- churia; for the failure of new equipment or replacements to arrive on time. “Watt until we get home,” they threaten. “Those politicians sit sround and say, ‘We will not leave Korea.’ Why don’t they come over here and then say ‘We’?” These men—once so near to victory—have now lost the burning urge to fight. They honestly doubt thet they would gain any- thing if they took all of Kores-~and their officers know it. There is no low morale in the ordinary sense. The GI's continue to do their jobs like the well-trained soldiers they are. And ‘they will fight as long es they get orders to do so. But they belteve someone ie trying to save face at thetr expense and they don’t like it, Anniversary of an lowan’s Pioneer Flight EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. THOMAS E. MARTIN OF IOWA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, last Friday I called the attention of the House to the impressive display at the entrance to the Navy Building at Hight- eenth and Constitution Avenue com- memorating the first successful landing and take-off of an airplane from the deck of a Navy ship 40 years ago. Iowa is very proud of the achievement of one of her noted sons who was the pilot of the Curtiss biplane in that flight. I am including in my remarks today two newspaper items from Iowa, one that appeared in the Marengo (Iowa) Pioneer-Republican of January 18 and the other item that appeared in the Des Motnes Register of the same Gate: [From the Marengo (Iowa) Pioneer-Repub- lean of January 18, 1951] Evorwz Exy, Native Bon oF iowa Counrr, Mavz Finer Pisane Lanpiva on a Sir 40 Yuans Aco Tovar Forty years ago today, January 18, 1911, Eugene Ety fuccessfully few a Curtiss bi- plane to an improvised platform sboard the U. 8. B. Pennsylwania anchored tn San Pran- cisco Bay. His landing wae the first ever made on a ship. . After spending 1 hour aboard the Penn- sylvanta, Ely took off and flew back to his hangar near Ban Francisco.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Macon, Ga., on October 19, 1911. He was buried near his birthplace at Williamsburg, Iowa. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross posthumously in 1983 for his pioneer aviation efforts. BORN NEAR WILLIAMSBURG Ely was born before the days of the auto mobile or the airplane, on October 22, 1886, on an Iowa farm 6 miles east of Williams- burg. His father, Nathan D. Ely, was later an attorney and served as a colonel in the United States Army during World War days. His mother was Emma Harrington, a resident of Williamsburg. When he was about 9 years old Eugene moved with his parents to Davenport, where he attended the city schools. While yet in his teens “Gene” became deeply interested in automobiles and went to work in a local garage. Presently he was recognized as an expert driver and mechanic. Leaving Daven- port, young Ely found employment in the town of Cosgrove in Johnson County, where he became chauffeur for Father Smyth. Ely held the automobile speed record between Iowa City and Davenport. CHAUFFEUR FOR FATHER SMYTH The story js told that some years later a resident of a nearby village and a friend of the young chauffeur, not having seen him about for some time, inquired of Father Smyth where Ely had gone. The priest hesi- tated for a moment, and then with his dis- tinctive Irish brogue, replied: “Ah, yes, Ely, Ely, I remember him well. He became en- tangled in the snares of a woman. He's mar- ried now.” Ely was indeed married, and his bride was Miss Mabel Hall, of San Francisco, Calif. Meanwhile Ely had taken up his residence in California, where he was engaged in the automobile business and was known as an expert driver. In a short time he was con- ducting an auto stage line from northern California to Oregon. JOINED CURTI£3 SCHOOL It was while he was thus engaged that his inquiring and mechanical mind became interested in aviation. He joined the school which Glenn H. Curtiss had established probably sometime in 1909. In this new ad- venture he soon became recognized as a leader in attempting to master the air, “No one had a clearer or cooler head, no one more thoroughly understood the mechanical re- quirements of aerial navigation.” Recogniz- ing him as a daring and skillful aviator, Curtiss induced Ely to join the Curtiss Ex- hibition Co, in 1910 and become one of the leading demonstrators of the Curtiss-butlt airplanes. It was in this capacity that he performed his epoch-making feats of flying to and from the decks of naval vessels. Two months after a spectacular exploit from the deok of the cruiser U 58. 8. Birming- ham in Hampton Roads, Va., Ely was in San Francisco participating in another naval aviation experiment. Glenn H. Curtiss, who had trained several Army and Navy officers at his flying school in California, was anxious to demonstrate the value of aircraft in war- fare, Again with the cooperation of the Navy, Ely made a 12-mile flight in a Curtiss biplane from Selfridge Field to the deck of the cruiser Pennsylvania, which was anchored in San Francisco Bay. Thus the feasibility o” flying from shore to ship was demon- strated. CANVAS TO STOP PLANE For the purpose of accomplishing this landing a special platform had been erected on the stern of the vessel, and canvas shields had been stretched on each side to catch the machine if it should slide off the platform. Special arrangements were made to stop the airplane after it landed. Ely left the field about 10:80 a. m. on Janu- ary 18, 1911, climbed 2,000 feet, and crossed the San Bruno hills at a great height. He then headed straight for the warship. At the proper point he shut off his motor and glided down for a perfect landing. He had 80 little trouble in performing this feat that he believed he could do it 9 times out of 10 under moderate weather conditions. Al- though floats had been fitted beneath the lower plane on each side of the center sec- tion, this proved to be an unnecessary pre- caution. The aeroplane was brought to rest by means of a score of ropes stretched across the platform above the two rails which ran its entire length. These ropes were attached to sandbags at each end, and they were found to act as an efficient brake in checking the momentum of the machine. LANDS ON “PENNSYLVANIA” The flight of 12 miles was made in 13 min- utes. Soon after Ely took off from Selfridge Field, the sailors in the fighting tops of the warship anchored amid the dense shipping in San Frascisco Bay sighted him as a tiny speck above the hills. The speck grew larger as {t rapidly approached and the surface of the biplane was outlined against the sky. As it neared the harbor Ely’s aircraft de- scended rapidly until, when he flew over the West Virginia and the other small vessels, he was only 150 to 200 feet in the air. At just the right moment he shut off his motor and glided down to the platform on the stern of the Pennsylvania. He struck this $2 by 127 foot platform 25 feet from its outer end, which sloped downward 4 feet in 10. After a reception of about an hour on ship- board, Ely returned to Selfridge Field the way he had come in 16 minutes. — [From the Des Moines Register of January 18, 1951] ANNIVERSARY Of AN JOWAN’S PIONEER FLIGHT Forty yearr. ago today a daring Iowan made aviation history with the first successful airplane landing on the deck of a ship. Today over Korea, carrier-based Navy Cor- sairs scour the battle fronts in a manner that Eugene Ely probably never foresaw in his wildest dreams. Yet he was one.of the pioneers who made carrier-based flight possible. Ely’s historic flight took place January 18, 1911, when he flew , 50-horsepower pusher Curtis biplane onto an improvised platform resting on the deck of the U. S. S. Penn- sylvania anchored in San Francisco Bay. He was 25 at the time. Ely was born on an Iowa farm 6 miles east of Williamsburg in 1886. His father later was an attorney . nd served as an Army colonel in World War I. TO DAVENPORT When he was 9, Ely moved with hfs par- ents to Davenport, where he attended the city schools. While in his teens, he be- came interested in automobiles and went to work in a local garage. He soon became known as an expert driver and mechanic. He held the automobile speed record betwen Iowa City and Daven- port. He attended and graduated from the State University of Iowa at Iowa City. TURNS TO AVIATION Later, the youth moved to California, mar« ried, and turned his inquiring and mechan- ical mind to aviation. He learned to fly, and early became associated with another avia- tion pioneer, Glenn H. Curtis, Recognizing him as a daring and skillful aviator, Curtis Induced Ely to join his com- pany in 1910 to demonstrate Ourtis-bullt planes, On Noyember 14, 1910, Ely successfully flew e Curtis biplane off the deck of a crulser at Hampton Roads, Va. This prepared the way for the firat airplane landing on a ship at sea. , A description of his famous 12-mile flight from Selfridge Field to the deck of the Penn- sylvania in Ban Francisco Bay went as fol- lows: A287 “Ely left the field about 10:80 a. m., climbed 2,000 feet and crossed the San Bru- no Hille at a great height. He then headed straight for the warship. At the proper point he shut off his motor and giided down for a perfect landing.” STOPPED BY ROPES The plane “was brought to rest by a score of ropes stretched across the platform above the two rails which ran its entire length. These ropes were attached to sand bags at each end, and they were found to act as an efficient brake in checking the momentum of the machine,” An observer on the ship wrote: “We sighted Ely as a tiny speck over the hills. The speck grew larger as it rapidly approached and the surfaces of the biplane were outlined against the sky.” TWO HUNDRED FEET IN AIR “As it neared the harbor, Ely's aircraft descended rapidly until, when he flew over the other vessels in the bay, he was only 150 to 200 feet in the air. At just the right mo- ment he shut off his motor and glided down to the platform on the stern of the Pennsyl- vania. : “He struck the 32-by-127-foot platform 25 feet from its outer end.” ’ THE FLYING CROSS After a reception on the ship celebrating the success of the flight, Ely returned to Selfridge field the way he'd come—by fly- ing from the ship’s deck. Eight months later he was killed in an airplane crash at Macon, Ga., on October 19, 1911. He was buried near his birthplace at Williamsburg. For many years his exploits remained un- known, but 19 yeara later—in 1938—the United States Senate awarded him post- humously the Distinguished Fying Cross. It ‘was received by his father, Col. N. B. Ely. Velvet EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. B. W. (PAT) KEARNEY OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. KEARNEY. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I wish to include Robert C, Ruark's column of January 18, 1951, en- titled “Velvet”: VELVET (By Robert C. Ruark) “Taxing until it hurts” is a relatively empty phrase, since I never knew a man to squirm with pleasure when suddenly chopped off at the hip pockets, but as an individual you find it easy to resent the use of that phrase in Harry Truman's mouth. The man wants another sixteen billion extra. This drives the annual tax nut up to beyond seventy billion skins. These dol- lars come, directly or indirectly, from in- dividuals, I am an individual. You are an individual, And so is Harry 8. Truman. In his recent budget speech Mr. Truman has exhorted the people to pare another necessity off the weekly cash outlay in order to meet the fresh demands of Government and defense. I will be pleased to break out the peeler and pare with the other kids, but in this instance I want it unanimous. Unanimous includes Mr. Truman, who knocks off a cash grab of 60 lovely G-notes each and every—gorgeous thousand-dollar bills because they are subject neither to
A288 scrutiny, account, nor the itching palm of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. This is a feo the gamblers describe as “of the top," meaning that it te Hterally In large coarse bills and, therefore, ts not liable to the tax take. It is the exempt tip they voted Harry 8 couple of years hack, and which he eagerly endorsed. The way we heave the scratch around, I do not care if they pay Harry 4 million a year, because the lumps of being President demand a big salary. They can give him another million in expenses, if needed, and no squawk. But tax him they must. As the symbolic man—as Mister America, as the leader, the boss, the mirror of us all—the fellow has just plain got to be sub- eervient to the laws which govern us all, or admit that no American can subsist on his earnings. ; If you and I are to be taxed until it hurts, then Mister Truman has some aches coming, too. Such as making that tax-free, nonac- countable $50,000 a which he receives $n addition to his salary and equipment and travel and entertainment expenses—subject to the same laws on income that affilct every- body else in the land. If Mr. Truman draws a gun, in a fit of anger at @ critic, and shoots him dead, then you would expect the law to take its course, with an indictment for murder, a trial by jury, and a just and honest sentence by a Judge who awaits the beck of the 12 good men, This ts law—“all men are created free and equal.” The free and equal business includes Pres- idents, and it works both ways. For the boons you acoept the penalties, and it seems to me you cannot except in any case, in- cluding the case of the President of the United States. Soldiers pay taxes on their earnings, too, you Know. Saying he survives his term, Mr. Truman will have been able to squirrel away $200,000 of nontaxable money for the 4 years, outside his salary, expenses, and perquisites such as yachts, trains, cars, planes, and such similar truck. Nobody else altve can hive up that much from earned income under the current tax structure, which the beamish boy is shouting to increase. Except, of course, General of the Army Eisenhower, who was allowed a capital gains interpretation on about $750,000 revenue from a book he wrote about the war. This meant only a 25 percent deduction for a one-shot author. Other ex-soldiers who wrote books got slashed for the regular earned-income percentage. Both Mr. Truman’s free $50,000 annually, and General Etsenhower’s allowance of capi- tal gains, represent a gross Insult to the other people who work at all trades, pay taxes, and now are told to take another reef in their belts. We'll haul taut joyfully, tf it applies to all, but if they tax me ‘til {t hurts, I want the hurt spread out to everybody. Including President Truman. Including General Elsen- hower. We're all in the same business. American citizenship. “No” Is Red Chima’s Answer to UN Cease-Fire Proposal EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. J. HARRY McGREGOR oF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I am in- eluding an editorial which appeared in the Mansfield News-Journal, Thursday, January 18, 1951. I certainly recom- mend this editorial for the reading of all: “No” Ie Ree Onmna's ANswee TO UN Cxase- Fmxz Proposal As expected, the Chinese puppets have ut- tered Russia's “No” to the United Nations proposal for a cease-fire order in Korea. The Red-manitpulated Peiping government came back with five-point counterproposals. If these proposals were translated into eventual action they would mean that United States forces withdraw from Korea and Formosa and that Red China be admitted to the UN. In other words, the diplomats are right back where they started. On the actual fighting front, American forces under the UN flag made a few gains early this week. But no one is deceived. Our men have been forced back headlong from the Manchurian border. General MacArthur has been maligned be- cause he is not winning a war which he knew it was folly to start—and which he is ex- pected to fight under the polite rules laid down by impractical Secretary of State Dean Acheson, A recent letter from one of the fighting men on the Korean front told his parente, “J am feeling pretty bitter.” And small wonder. Americans are ordered to let the enemy bring up all the supplies he wants to the Korean border without interference. Americans are not permitted to attack sources Of supply in Manchuria. Secretary Acheson's reasoning is that we must not get involved in a war we are al- ready in. On the other hand, if recent UN advances were to mark # turning point in the Korean war; if, by some wild stretch of imagination, United States troops with token assistance from thelr allies were to drive all the Chinese out of Korea and redefeat the North Ko- reans—then what? The vast Communist machine would stand ready to infiltrate or conquer Korea again at the first moment our attention was di- rected elsewhere. The truth of the matter ts, President Tru- man has tnvoived this Nation in a pointless war. We now have three choices: get out of it as best we can; go on fighting an endless Mmited action in Korea with thousands of Americans giving up their lives; or becoming involved in a world confilct starting in Asia. Even Mr. Truman and Mr. Acheson recog- nize that the real enemy is Russia. But they choose to fight Russia with words and her juppets with American lives and wealth, The Kremlin no doubt finds this quite amusing. The Resolution To Declare Red China an Aggressor EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. THADDEUS M. MACHROWICZ OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr, MACBROWICZ. Mr. Speaker, at its Friday session this House by an over- whelming bipartisan vote adopted a res- olution calling upon the United Nations to declare Red China an aggressor in Korea, The unity displayed in the House on this vote will have a great salutary dual effect. It will show the Nation that we are cognizant of the serious crisis which we face and are willing to act promptly, ‘sion arises, Tt APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD decisively, and courageously as the occa- will also serve ® purpose, namely, it will show the rest of the world that the Americans are united when it comes to matters affecting our national security. There is no doubt that there is a genu- ine bewilderment abroad about the events inside the United States. People abroad seem to sense a deep and fright- ening split within our country on basic issues confronting America and the world. ‘We need more frequent positive asser- tions to aid them in understanding us and to bolster their confidence in our leadership and in our unity. Even with our tremendous military strength we need the people of the world genuinely on our side, and we need to state and prove more clearly what our side stands for. Our effort must center around a definition of American pur- pose—clearly but imaginatively con- ceived and spoken. That purpose must not be theoretical, but visible. ‘We must first understand and make it clear to all the people of our country and to our friends and prospective allies, that our fate in the world and the fate of human freedom is tied up with that of other free nations and peoples. We must have a strong military force to guarantee our security and to redeem our peace pledges under the United Na- tion Charter. Our job is peace. It is peace without appeasement, but it is not war, unless others cause that war. As our President so ably stated in his address on the state of the Union, our cause is peace, freedom, and justice. But more precious than peace are free- dom and justice. The war to maintain peace and to allow freedom to survive cannot be won by arms alone. It has to be won by capturing, first or ultimately, the loyal- ties of people to freedom and peace. To do so first, is best and less costly in terms of bloody sacrifice. ‘We must take a fair and realistic view of the attitude of the European nations in the present crisis which we face. Theirs is a grim prospect. Their lands may well be our battleflelds. We must make it clear that we know it too, and that this knowledge is an inherent ele- ment of our strategic plan to persuade them to drop reluctance to accept Amer- ican leadership. We do not need to dramatize the dan- gers of communism to Europeans. They have had first-hand opportunity to un- derstand and dread those dangers. Their fears are based, rather, on the doubts as to our willingness and ability to act firmly to protect the ideals which we profess. Our capacity to lead the fight against communism or any other form of totali- tarianism will be judged not so much by what we say, but by what we do; not so much by our anxiety over human rights and freedoms as by our determination to act to keep those freedoms safe and healthy, wherever they are threatened throughout the world. And in this connection, Mr. Speaker, may I say that much of the doubt and hesitation of the free European nations
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD results from our failure to speak up clearly, and act when the rights of the free and liberty-loving people were trampled upon in Poland and in the other countries beyond the iron curtain. When Soviet Russia flagrantly and brutally violated its pledges under the Yalta and Teheran agreemente—agree- ments in which we made commitments which we never should have made—and when it enslaved millions of Poles and other peoples who believed in freedom, democracy, and in the leadership of the United States and its allies, then it be- came our solemn duty to act by con- demnir.g the act of aggression, just as we did Friday in the case of Korea and Red China. But we failed to act, and those peoples are living today under a brutal tyranny and are suffering unbe- levable acts of persecution. Regardless of that, however, Mr. Speaker, I say to you that those peoples have not yet lost faith in our leadership and may be counted on again to take up arms and overthrow their yoke of slavery if and when the occasion arises. We have lost much time and ground in our battle to save ourselves and civill- gation, But we can still regain that ground and succeed, if we determine to act firmly, boldly, and decisively to de- fend the high and lofty principles to which we have dedicated ourselves. Should the 18-Year-Old Vote? EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. FRANK T. BOW or OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, one of the young editors of the University School News, which school is located in Cleve- land, Ohio, wrote an editorial for his paper which appeared January 12, 1951. Since the Congress is giving considera- tion to the drafting of 18-year-olds, I be- Heve the Congress should give consid- eration to the thinking and expressions of this group. They certainly are en- titled to express their views. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the above-mentioned editorial: SHovuLD Tet 18-Year-OLp Votr?—Eprror Sars “Yea” The papers recently announced that the Defense Department intends to ask Congress to permit the drafting of 18-year-olds. We're back to the war period where we exchange our June high school diploma for an army sult and helmet. We have to defend our coun~ try—it's part of our economic and political system. ‘Yet, come to think of it, do we get to chooee the leaders who determine those political and economic policies? Do we, who must defend this great country and its politi- cal leaders, get to decide who should be the officials to make those policies which may or may not involve us in wars that could or could not ruin our own lives and future? In other words, this editor advocates that 18-, 19-, or 20-year-olds be permitted to vote, If we are forced to sacrifice our lives for democracy—which is all very well—then we XCVII—App.—19 should be permitted to choose that democ- racy’s leaders, Tn the State of Georgia 18-year-old are permitted to vote, and todry the State has two Senators who are two of the most capable and highly respected in the United States Senate. . All in all, if we defend our political inst{- tutions, then we should be able to confirm or vote them out. Do you agree? Federal Sales Tax ——e EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HAROLD 0. LOVRE OF SOUTH DAMOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN LATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. LOVRE. Mr. Speaker, the Con- gress will be called upon shortly to raise additional revenue for national defense and necessary Government expense. The following is an editorial taken out of the Huronite, a daily newspaper, printed and published in the city of Huron, 8. Dak., which requires the careful consid- eration, not only of all the Members of Congress, but of the American people generally. The editorial is as follows: TaLx or Fepera, Saves Tax With $16,500,000,000—28 percent— of Presi- dent Trumen’s 671,600,000,000 budget for 1982 to be met by new taxes on borrowing, or both, talk of a Federal sales tax is heard again throughout the land. President Tru- man is said to oppose the proposal at present, and his Council of Economic Advisers op- poses a Federal tax on mass consumption items as “an inordinate burden on low-in- come families.” But Senator Byrro (Demo- crat, Virginia), recipient of the President's recent “Dear Harry” letter, says the Govern- ment must “enter new fields of taxation— probably such as a retail sales or transaction tax.” When the chips are finally down, the administration may have to choose between a large deficit in 1952 and sales taxation. Except as & measure to pul: in sorely needed revenue in 4 national emergency, a sales tax—ordinarily opposed by retail business organizations and by farm and labor groups— would be looked upon by most Members of Congress as too unpopular for enactment. Bven in the depression year of 1922 a Repub- ican administration was unable to obtain approval of a sales-tax measure. Preaident Hoover had asked “an extension for a lim- ited period of the many special excise taxes to a more general manufacturers’ exolse tax.” The Senate voted 53 to 27 against; the House, 998 to 153 . Opponents of sales taxes call these meas- ‘ures regressive; that is, they are said to fall hardest on those least able to pay. Earlier in 1982, 4 months before he unqualifiedly rec- ommended a manufacturers’ sales tax, Under Secretary of the Treasury Ogden Mills had told the House Ways and Means Committee the tax bore no relation to ability to pay. At that time he opposed the tax also because of “the great administrative difficulties involved and the almost inevitable pyramiding of the tax in the course of successive sales.” In 1948 the Democrats considered the idea of a Federal sales tax unpopular enough to warrant the charge that the Republicans had elaborate plans to enact one. Senator Baax- Lxy, candidate for Vice President, challenged Governor Dewey to tell the country whether GOP plans contemplated “the levy of a gen- A289 eral sales tax by the Federal Government in addition to those now levied by the States.” Some evidence that the line-up against & Federal sales tax may be cracking is furnished by a recent statement by Ralph W. Button, chairman of the National Retail Dry Goods Association, who said: “Such a uniform tax is the only way left to let the public know what they're paying.” The National Associa- tion of Manufacturers, which has long tfe- vored a Federal sales tax, recommends for the period of defense and partial mobilization “a uniform excise tax on all end products of manufacturers except food and food products, to replace all existing excises except those on alcoholic beverages and tobacco.” Present excise taxes, the NAM pointe out, include not leas than 20 classes of goods taxed on the basis of the final manufacturers’ price. An over-all tax on all consumer products except food at a rate of & percent, according to NAM estimates, would produce the $4,000,- 000,000 in revenue realized by present excise taxes in 1949. In addition, the NAM pro- Poses @ special defense tax rate of another 5 percent, to produce $3,500,000,000 of addi- tional revenue for defense purposes. Great Britain’s purchase tax is essentially @ manufacturers’ sales tax. Current rates are 33% percent of wholesale price for necos- sities; 6634 percent for semiluxuries; 100 percent for luxuries. At retall, these rates sift down to 25, 50, and 75 percent, respec- tively. The rate (wholesale) for luxuries shot up as high as 125 percent at the peak of the poatwar austerity program. Promotion of a Federal sales tax, however, is going to come right smack up against the fact that the new income tax to be levied ts aimed at the 83,600 to $6,000 income group which—-as a group—has the greatest reser- voir of money to go after. Individually, members of that group will be hard hit by the 1951 income tax and putting a Federal sales tax on top of that will be imposing a real financial difficulty. In the face of that it will be very hard for the a imintstration to argue tn behalf of continued unabashed spending for so-called Fair Deal measures as FEPC, Federal medi- cal insurance, and the Brannan farm subsidy plan. It is hard to see the logic in any argument that those plans would help the very economic bracket on which the admin- istration plans to place the greatest tax in- crease this year to pay for it. Public Liars EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLIFF CLEVENGER OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 22, 1951 Mr. CLEVENGER. Mr. Speaker, un- der leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following article by Hon. Bruce Barton from the Wash- ington Star of January 21, 1951: Puauic Liars (By Bruce Barton) Simeon Strunsky, with his charming mix- ture of wit and wisdom, once wrote an essay against Public Liars. He denounced the weighing machine which stands with such disarming stolidity in the railroad sta- tion, Inviting your penny, only to give you the wrong weight or no weight at all. He arraigned the crooked thermometer outside the drugstore door. What a travesty of juse tice, he exclaimed, to be betrayed by a court- house clock. What a horrible blow to a