IV 
113TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 98 
Expressing support for Israel and its right to self-defense against the illegal 
nuclear program by the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 5, 2013 
Mr. GOSAR (for himself, Mr. BROUN of Georgia, Mr. COFFMAN, Mr. CON-
AWAY, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, Mr. GRIFFITH of Virginia, Mr. LANCE, 
Mr. LONG, Mr. MICA, Mr. SALMON, Mr. STIVERS, Mr. PALAZZO, and Mr. 
WESTMORELAND) submitted the following resolution; which was referred 
to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Expressing support for Israel and its right to self-defense 
against the illegal nuclear program by the Islamic Repub-
lic of Iran. 
Whereas all countries have the inviolate right to self-defense 
and self-preservation as a moral imperative, recognized in 
customary international law and Article 51 of the United 
Nations Charter and United Nations Security Council 
Resolution 1368, both of which hold the right to self-de-
fense to be the inherent right of sovereign states, includ-
ing the right to ‘‘take all necessary steps’’, to combat ter-
rorism and other forms of unconventional warfare; 
Whereas under customary international law, as well as Article 
2, paragraph 4 of the United Nations Charter, all mem-
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•HRES 98 IH 
bers of the United Nations ‘‘shall refrain in their inter-
national relations from the threat or use of force against 
the territorial integrity or political independence of any 
state’’, and the purpose of the United Nations is to take 
collective measures for the preservation of international 
peace; 
Whereas the actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran threaten 
many actors in the Middle East, including Israel, Saudi 
Arabia, Iraq, and many others, leading to the serious 
threat of massive nuclear proliferation in the region, in 
violation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nu-
clear Weapons; 
Whereas Iran is a rogue regime that has threatened to ‘‘Wipe 
(Israel) off the map’’, in violation of Article 2, paragraph 
4 of the United Nations Charter; 
Whereas Iran seeks to unlawfully obtain or create weapons of 
mass destruction in violation of its agreement with the 
United Nations Agency for the Application of Safeguards 
in Connection with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation 
of Nuclear Weapons; 
Whereas the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 
issued a report exposing Iran’s nuclear intentions and in 
November 2011 concluded that ‘‘contrary to the relevant 
resolutions of the Board of Governors and the Security 
Council, Iran has not suspended its [nuclear] enrichment 
related activities’’ and continues to proceed with a nu-
clear weapons proliferation program, and the IAEA 
Board of Governors have issued 10 resolutions con-
demning Iran’s nuclear program; 
Whereas Iran has ignored and has been indifferent to the 
terms of the resolutions pertaining to the proliferation of 
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•HRES 98 IH 
weapons of mass destruction, and United States and 
international sanctions have not accomplished enough to 
deter its progress; 
Whereas Iran has actively engaged in ongoing armed hos-
tilities against Israel for decades by supporting terrorism 
against Israel through military proxies, including the ter-
rorist organizations Hamas and Hezbollah, each of which 
have attacked Israeli civilians as well as military per-
sonnel, and by attacking Israeli embassies and diplomatic 
personnel in Argentina, Georgia, India, and Thailand; 
Whereas the mere act of aggressively seeking the illicit acqui-
sition of weapons of mass destruction creates an existen-
tial threat to Israel, particularly in light of Iran’s illegal 
threats and armed hostilities against Israel, as well as a 
grave threat to peace and stability of the region in viola-
tion of Article 1, paragraph 1 of the United Nations 
Charter; 
Whereas existential threats against Israel have been planned, 
expressed, or executed since the founding of the State of 
Israel in 1948 and have continued relentlessly thus caus-
ing Israel to defend itself vigilantly; 
Whereas in the Six-Day War, Israel was forced to engage in 
successful military action against Egypt under similar 
circumstances on June 5, 1967; 
Whereas the United States Department of State concluded 
that the Six-Day War is ‘‘the most cited example’’ of the 
right to take such actions for self-defense in response to 
a grave and obvious threat; 
Whereas Israel took similar action in the 1981 attack on 
Iraq’s nuclear facility at Osirak, which averted an un-
questionably hostile and violent regime from acquiring 
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