H. R. 4346—304 
(c) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The study conducted under 
subsection (b) shall include, to the extent practicable with respect 
to the study period, an assessment of— 
(1) the total amount of Federal funding made available 
to foreign entities of concern for research; 
(2) the total number and types of foreign entities of concern 
to which such funding was made available; 
(3) the requirements relating to the awarding, tracking, 
and monitoring of such funding; 
(4) any other data available with respect to Federal funding 
made available to foreign entities of concern for research; and 
(5) such other matters as the Comptroller General of the 
United States determines appropriate. 
(d) BRIEFING ON AVAILABLE DATA.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall brief the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Health, Education, 
Labor, and Pensions, and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives on the study con-
ducted under subsection (b) and the data that is available with 
respect to Federal funding made available to foreign entities of 
concern for research. 
(e) REPORT.—The Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the congressional committees specified in subsection 
(d), by a date agreed upon by the Comptroller General and the 
committees on the date of the briefing under such subsection, a 
report on the findings of the study conducted under subsection 
(b). 
SEC. 10636. PERSON OR ENTITY OF CONCERN PROHIBITION. 
No person published on the list under section 1237(b) of the 
Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 1999 (Public Law 105–261; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note) or entity 
identified under section 1260h of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 
113 note; Public Law 116–283) may receive or participate in any 
grant, award, program, support, or other activity under— 
(1) the Directorate established in subtitle G of title III 
of this division; 
(2) section 28(b)(1) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.), as added 
by section 10621; or 
(3) the Manufacturing USA Program, as improved and 
expanded under subtitle E of title II of this division. 
SEC. 10637. NONDISCRIMINATION. 
In carrying out requirements under this subtitle, each Federal 
research agency shall ensure that policies and activities developed 
and implemented pursuant to this subtitle are carried out in a 
manner that does not target, stigmatize, or discriminate against 
individuals on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin, con-
sistent with title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
2000d et seq.). 
SEC. 10638. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle:
H. R. 4346—305 
(1) COVERED INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘‘covered individual’’ 
means an individual who— 
(A) contributes in a substantive, meaningful way to 
the scientific development or execution of a research and 
development project proposed to be carried out with a 
research and development award from a Federal research 
agency; and 
(B) is designated as a covered individual by the Federal 
research agency concerned. 
(2) FOREIGN
COUNTRY
OF
CONCERN.—The term ‘‘foreign 
country of concern’’ means the People’s Republic of China, 
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Russian Federa-
tion, the Islamic Republic of Iran, or any other country deter-
mined to be a country of concern by the Secretary of State. 
(3) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term ‘‘foreign entity 
of concern’’ means a foreign entity that is— 
(A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by 
the Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a)); 
(B) included on the list of specially designated nationals 
and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign 
Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury (com-
monly known as the SDN list); 
(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the jurisdic-
tion or direction of a government of a foreign country 
that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in section 
4872 of title 10, United States Code); 
(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been 
involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained 
under— 
(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (com-
monly known as the Espionage Act); 
(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States 
Code; 
(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Economic Espionage Act of 
1996); 
(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 
et seq.); 
(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic 
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, 
and 2284); 
(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 
U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 
(vii) 
the 
International 
Emergency 
Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or 
(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director 
of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized 
conduct that is detrimental to the national security or 
foreign policy of the United States. 
(4) MALIGN FOREIGN TALENT RECRUITMENT PROGRAM.—The 
term ‘‘malign foreign talent recruitment program’’ means— 
(A) any program, position, or activity that includes 
compensation in the form of cash, in-kind compensation, 
including research funding, promised future compensation, 
complimentary foreign travel, things of non de minimis
H. R. 4346—306 
value, honorific titles, career advancement opportunities, 
or other types of remuneration or consideration directly 
provided by a foreign country at any level (national, provin-
cial, or local) or their designee, or an entity based in, 
funded by, or affiliated with a foreign country, whether 
or not directly sponsored by the foreign country, to the 
targeted individual, whether directly or indirectly stated 
in the arrangement, contract, or other documentation at 
issue, in exchange for the individual— 
(i) engaging in the unauthorized transfer of 
intellectual property, materials, data products, or other 
nonpublic information owned by a United States entity 
or developed with a Federal research and development 
award to the government of a foreign country or an 
entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with a foreign 
country regardless of whether that government or 
entity provided support for the development of the 
intellectual property, materials, or data products; 
(ii) being required to recruit trainees or researchers 
to enroll in such program, position, or activity; 
(iii) 
establishing 
a 
laboratory 
or 
company, 
accepting a faculty position, or undertaking any other 
employment or appointment in a foreign country or 
with an entity based in, funded by, or affiliated with 
a foreign country if such activities are in violation 
of the standard terms and conditions of a Federal 
research and development award; 
(iv) being unable to terminate the foreign talent 
recruitment program contract or agreement except in 
extraordinary circumstances; 
(v) through funding or effort related to the foreign 
talent recruitment program, being limited in the 
capacity to carry out a research and development 
award or required to engage in work that would result 
in substantial overlap or duplication with a Federal 
research and development award; 
(vi) being required to apply for and successfully 
receive funding from the sponsoring foreign govern-
ment’s funding agencies with the sponsoring foreign 
organization as the recipient; 
(vii) being required to omit acknowledgment of 
the recipient institution with which the individual is 
affiliated, or the Federal research agency sponsoring 
the research and development award, contrary to the 
institutional policies or standard terms and conditions 
of the Federal research and development award; 
(viii) being required to not disclose to the Federal 
research agency or employing institution the participa-
tion of such individual in such program, position, or 
activity; or 
(ix) having a conflict of interest or conflict of 
commitment contrary to the standard terms and condi-
tions of the Federal research and development award; 
and 
(B) a program that is sponsored by—
H. R. 4346—307 
(i) a foreign country of concern or an entity based 
in a foreign country of concern, whether or not directly 
sponsored by the foreign country of concern; 
(ii) an academic institution on the list developed 
under section 1286(c)(8) of the John S. McCain 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 115-232); or 
(iii) a foreign talent recruitment program on the 
list developed under section 1286(c)(9) of the John 
S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 2358 note; Public Law 
115-232). 
Subtitle E—Coastal and Ocean 
Acidification Research and Innovation 
SEC. 10641. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Coastal and Ocean Acidifica-
tion Research and Innovation Act of 2021’’. 
SEC. 10642. PURPOSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 12402(a) of the Federal Ocean Acidifi-
cation Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3701(a)) 
is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
striking ‘‘development and coordination’’ and inserting 
‘‘development coordination and implementation’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘acidification on 
marine organisms’’ and inserting ‘‘acidification and coastal 
acidification on marine organisms’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘establish’’ and 
all that follows through the semicolon and inserting ‘‘main-
tain and advise an interagency research, monitoring, and 
public outreach program on ocean acidification and coastal 
acidification;’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘establishment’’ and 
inserting ‘‘maintenance’’; 
(3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and coastal acidification’’ 
after ‘‘ocean acidification’’; and 
(4) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘techniques for’’ and all 
that follows through the period and inserting ‘‘mitigating the 
impacts of ocean and coastal acidification and related co- 
stressors on marine ecosystems.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 12402 
of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act 
of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3701(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘(a) PURPOSES.— 
’’. 
SEC. 10643. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 12403 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3702) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘of the Earth’s oceans’’ 
and all that follows before the period at the end and inserting 
‘‘and changes in the water chemistry of the Earth’s oceans, 
coastal estuaries, marine waterways, and Great Lakes caused
H. R. 4346—308 
by carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the breakdown 
of organic matter’’; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘Joint Subcommittee on 
Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science and 
Technology Council’’ and inserting ‘‘National Science and Tech-
nology Council Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Tech-
nology’’; 
(3) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) as para-
graphs (2), (3), and (4), respectively; 
(4) by inserting before paragraph (2), as so redesignated, 
the following: 
‘‘(1) COASTAL ACIDIFICATION.—The term ‘coastal acidifica-
tion’ means the decrease in pH and changes in the water 
chemistry of coastal oceans, estuaries, and Great Lakes from 
atmospheric pollution, freshwater inputs, and excess nutrient 
run-off from land.’’; and 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each State of the 
United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth 
of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth 
of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands of the 
United States, and any other territory or possession of the 
United States.’’. 
SEC. 10644. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP. 
Section 12404 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3703) is amended— 
(1) in the heading, by striking ‘‘SUBCOMMITTEE’’ and 
inserting ‘‘WORKING GROUP’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Joint Subcommittee 
on Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science 
and Technology Council shall coordinate Federal activities 
on ocean acidification and establish’’ and insert ‘‘Sub-
committee shall coordinate Federal activities on ocean and 
coastal acidification and establish and maintain’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Wildlife Service,’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Ocean 
Energy 
Management, 
the 
Environmental 
Protection 
Agency, the Department of Agriculture, the Department 
of State, the Department of Energy, the Department of 
the Navy, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Indian 
Affairs, the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology, the Smithsonian Institution,’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (3), in the heading, by striking 
‘‘CHAIRMAN’’ and inserting ‘‘CHAIR’’; 
(3) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘and coastal 
acidification’’ after ‘‘ocean acidification’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ‘‘and coastal 
acidification’’ after ‘‘ocean acidification’’; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 
a semicolon; and 
(C) in paragraph (5)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, and contribute to as appropriate,’’ 
after ‘‘designate’’;
H. R. 4346—311 
‘‘(C) ensure that an appropriate balance of scientific, 
industry, State and local resource managers, and geo-
graphical interests are represented by the members of the 
Advisory Board. 
‘‘(5) TERM OF MEMBERSHIP.—Each member of the Advisory 
Board— 
‘‘(A) shall be appointed for a 5-year term; and 
‘‘(B) may be appointed to no more than two terms. 
‘‘(6) CHAIR.—The Chair of the Subcommittee shall appoint 
one member of the Advisory Board to serve as the Chair of 
the Advisory Board. 
‘‘(7) MEETINGS.—Not less than once each calendar year, 
the Advisory Board shall meet at such times and places as 
may be designated by the Chair of the Advisory Board, in 
consultation with the Chair of the Subcommittee and the Chair 
of the interagency working group. 
‘‘(8) BRIEFING.—The Chair of the Advisory Board shall brief 
the Subcommittee and the interagency working group on the 
progress of the Advisory Board as necessary or at the request 
of the Subcommittee. 
‘‘(9) TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT
ENGAGEMENT
AND
COORDINA-
TION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Advisory Board shall maintain 
mechanisms for coordination, and engagement with Tribal 
governments. 
‘‘(i) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in subparagraph 
(A) may be construed as affecting any requirement to con-
sult with Indian Tribes under Executive Order 13175 (25 
U.S.C. 5301 note; relating to consultation and coordination 
with Tribal governments) or any other applicable law or 
policy. 
‘‘(10) FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ACT.—Section 14 of 
the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the 
Advisory Board for 10 years from the date of enactment of 
this Act. 
‘‘(d) PRIZE COMPETITIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any Federal agency with a representa-
tive serving on the interagency working group established 
under this section may, either individually or in cooperation 
with one or more agencies, carry out a program to award 
prizes competitively under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler 
Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719). An agency 
seeking to carry out such a program shall carry out such 
program in coordination with the chair of such interagency 
working group. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSES.—Any prize competition carried out under 
this subsection shall be for the purpose of stimulating innova-
tion to advance our Nation’s ability to understand, research, 
or monitor ocean acidification or its impacts, or to develop 
management or adaptation options for responding to ocean 
and coastal acidification. 
‘‘(3) PRIORITY PROGRAMS.—Priority shall be given to estab-
lishing programs under this section that address communities, 
environments, or industries that are in distress due to the 
impacts of ocean and coastal acidification.’’.
H. R. 4346—312 
SEC. 10645. STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN. 
Section 12405 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3704) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘acidification’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘acidification and coastal acidification’’; 
(B) in the first sentence— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, and not later than every 5 years 
following the publication of each subsequent strategic 
research plan until 2035’’ after ‘‘the date of enactment 
of this Act’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘address the socioeconomic impacts 
of ocean acidification and coastal acidification and to’’ 
after ‘‘mitigation strategies to’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘marine ecosystems’’ each place 
it appears and inserting ‘‘ecosystems’’; and 
(C) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘National 
Academy of Sciences in the review of the plan required 
under subsection (d)’’, and inserting ‘‘Advisory Board estab-
lished in section 12404(c)’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and social sciences’’ 
after ‘‘among the ocean sciences’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘improve the ability to assess 
the’’ and inserting ‘‘assess the short-term and long- 
term’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘; and’’ at the end and inserting 
a semicolon; 
(ii) by amending subparagraph (C) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(C) provide information for the development of adapta-
tion and mitigation strategies to address— 
‘‘(i) socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification 
and coastal acidification; 
‘‘(ii) conservation of marine organisms and eco-
systems; 
‘‘(iii) assessment of the effectiveness of such 
adaptation and mitigation strategies; and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) improve research on— 
‘‘(i) ocean acidification and coastal acidification; 
‘‘(ii) the interactions between and effects of ocean 
and coastal acidification and multiple combined 
stressors including changes in water chemistry, 
changes in sediment delivery, hypoxia, and harmful 
algal blooms, on ocean acidification and coastal acidifi-
cation; and 
‘‘(iii) the effect or effects of clauses (i) and (ii) 
on marine resources and ecosystems;’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (F), by striking ‘‘database 
development’’ and inserting ‘‘data management’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (H) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; and
H. R. 4346—313 
(iii) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
‘‘(J) assessment of adaptation and mitigation strate-
gies; and 
‘‘(K) education and outreach activities;’’; 
(D) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘set forth’’ and 
inserting ‘‘ensure an appropriate balance of contribution 
in establishing’’; 
(E) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘reports’’ and inserting 
‘‘the best available peer-reviewed scientific reports’’; 
(F) in paragraph (6)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and coastal acidification’’ after 
‘‘ocean acidification’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘of the United States’’ and inserting 
‘‘within the United States’’; 
(G) in paragraph (8)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and coastal acidification’’ after 
‘‘ocean acidification’’ each place it appears; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘its’’ and inserting ‘‘their’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ at the end and inserting 
a semicolon; 
(H) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end 
(I) in paragraph (10), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(J) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(11) describe monitoring needs necessary to support poten-
tially affected industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery 
management councils and commissions, Tribal governments, 
non-Federal resource managers, and scientific experts on deci-
sion-making and adaptation related to ocean acidification and 
coastal acidification; and 
‘‘(12) describe the extent to which the Subcommittee incor-
porated feedback from the Advisory Board established in section 
12404(c).’’; 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘‘surface’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘and coastal acidifica-
tion’’ after ‘‘ocean acidification’’ each place it appears; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘input, and’’ and inserting ‘‘inputs,’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘, marine food webs,’’ after ‘‘marine 
ecosystems’’; and 
(iii) by inserting ‘‘, and modeling that supports 
fisheries management’’ after ‘‘marine organisms’’; 
(D) in paragraph (5), by inserting ‘‘and coastal acidifica-
tion’’ after ‘‘ocean acidification’’; and 
(E) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) Research to understand related and cumulative 
stressors and other biogeochemical processes occurring in 
conjunction with ocean acidification and coastal acidification.’’; 
and 
(4) by striking subsections (d) and (e) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(d) PUBLICATION.—Concurrent with the submission of the plan 
to Congress, the Subcommittee shall publish the plan on a public 
website.’’.
H. R. 4346—314 
SEC. 10646. NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 12406 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3705) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting 
‘‘coordination,’’ after ‘‘research, monitoring,’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ‘‘including 
leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean 
Observing System and the ocean observing assets of 
other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies,’’ after ‘‘ocean 
observing assets,’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), 
and (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respec-
tively; 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol-
lowing new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(C) prioritization of the location of monitoring 
instruments, assets, and projects to maximize the efficiency 
of resources and agency and department missions; 
‘‘(D) an optimization of understanding of socioeconomic 
impacts and ecosystem health’’. 
(iv) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘adaptation’’ and inserting ‘‘adaptation and 
mitigation’’; 
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (E), as so 
redesignated, the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) technical assistance to socioeconomically vulner-
able States, local governments, Tribal governments, 
communities, and industries impacted by ocean and coastal 
acidification to support their development of ocean and 
coastal acidification mitigation strategies;’’. 
(vi) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated— 
(I) by striking ‘‘its impacts’’ and inserting 
‘‘their respective impacts’’; 
(II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(vii) in subparagraph (I), as so redesignated— 
(I) by striking ‘‘monitoring and impacts 
research’’ and inserting ‘‘research, monitoring, and 
adaptation and mitigation strategies’’; and 
(II) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting a semicolon; and 
(viii) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
‘‘(J) research to improve understanding of— 
‘‘(i) the impact of ocean acidification and coastal 
acidification; and 
‘‘(ii) how multiple environmental stressors may 
contribute to and exacerbate ocean and coastal acidifi-
cation on living marine resources and coastal eco-
systems; and 
‘‘(K) research to support the development of adaptation 
and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic 
impacts of ocean and coastal acidification on coastal 
communities;’’;
H. R. 4346—315 
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘critical research 
projects that explore’’ and inserting ‘‘critical research, edu-
cation, and outreach projects that explore and commu-
nicate’’; and 
(D) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking ‘‘acidification’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘acidification and 
coastal acidification’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsections: 
‘‘(c) RELATIONSHIP
TO INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.—The 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as 
the lead Federal agency responsible for coordinating the Federal 
response to ocean and coastal acidification. The Administration 
may enter into Memoranda of Understanding to— 
‘‘(1) coordinate monitoring and research efforts among Fed-
eral agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal govern-
ments and international partners; this may include analysis 
and synthesis of the results of monitoring and research; 
‘‘(2) maintain an Ocean Acidification Information Exchange 
described under section 12404(b)(5) to allow for information 
to be electronically accessible, including information— 
‘‘(A) on ocean acidification developed through or used 
by the ocean acidification program described under sub-
section (a); or 
‘‘(B) that would be useful to State governments, local 
governments, Tribal governments, resource managers, 
policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in miti-
gating or adapting to the impacts of ocean acidification 
and coastal acidification; and 
‘‘(3) establishing and maintaining the data archive system 
under subsection (d). 
‘‘(d) DATA ARCHIVE SYSTEM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination with the 
members of the interagency working group, shall support the 
long-term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to ocean 
and coastal acidification through providing the data on a pub-
licly accessible data archive system. To the extent possible, 
this data archive system shall collect and provide access to 
ocean and coastal acidification data— 
‘‘(A) from relevant federally funded research; 
‘‘(B) provided by a Federal, State, or local government, 
academic scientist, citizen scientist, or industry organiza-
tion; 
‘‘(C) voluntarily submitted by Tribes or Tribal govern-
ments; and 
‘‘(D) from existing global or national data assets that 
are currently maintained within Federal agencies. 
‘‘(2) DATA STANDARDS.—The Secretary to, the extent pos-
sible, shall ensure all such data adheres to data and metadata 
standards to support the public findability, accessibility, inter-
operability, and reusability of such data.’’. 
SEC. 10647. NSF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 12407 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3706) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘ocean acidification’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘ocean acidification and coastal acidification’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)—
H. R. 4346—317 
Subtitle F—Interagency Working Group 
SEC. 10651. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Tech-
nology Council, shall establish or designate an interagency working 
group to coordinate the activities specified in subsection (c). 
(b) COMPOSITION.—The interagency working group shall be com-
posed of the following members (or their designees), who may 
be organized into subcommittees, as appropriate: 
(1) The Secretary of Commerce. 
(2) The Director of the National Science Foundation. 
(3) The Secretary of Energy. 
(4) The Secretary of Defense. 
(5) The Director of the National Economic Council. 
(6) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget. 
(7) The Secretary of Health and Human Services. 
(8) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration. 
(9) The Secretary of Agriculture. 
(10) The Director of National Intelligence. 
(11) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 
(12) Such other Federal officials as the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy considers appropriate, 
including members of the National Science and Technology 
Council Committee on Technology. 
(c) COORDINATION.—The interagency working group shall seek 
to ensure that the activities of different Federal agencies enhance 
and complement, but, as appropriate, do not duplicate, efforts being 
carried out by another Federal agency, with a focus on the following: 
(1) The activities of the National Science Foundation Tech-
nology, Innovation, and Partnerships Directorate in the key 
technology focus areas, such as within the Regional Innovation 
Engines under section 10388 and test beds under section 10390. 
(2) The activities of the Department of Commerce under 
this division, including regional technology hubs under section 
28 of the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 13701 et 
seq.), as added by section 10621, the Manufacturing USA Pro-
gram established under section 34(b)(1) of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278s(b)(1)), and the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship (15 U.S.C. 278k). 
(3) The activities of the Department of Energy in the key 
technology focus areas, including at the national laboratories, 
and at Federal laboratories, as defined in section 4 of the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3703), and facilities and user facilities operated in partnership 
with such national laboratories or the Department of Energy. 
(4) Any other program that the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy determines involves research 
and development with respect to the key technology focus areas. 
(d) REPORT.—The interagency working group shall— 
(1) by not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this division—
H. R. 4346—318 
(A) conduct an initial review of Federal programs and 
resources with respect to the key technology focus areas 
identified pursuant to section 10387(a)(2), in order to— 
(i) assess current level of efforts and characterize 
existing research infrastructure, as of the date of the 
review; 
(ii) identify potential areas of overlap or duplica-
tion with respect to the key technology focus areas; 
and 
(iii) identify potential cross-agency collaborations 
and joint funding opportunities; and 
(B) submit a report regarding the review described 
in subparagraph (A) to Congress; and 
(C) seek stakeholder input and recommendations in 
the course of such review; and 
(2) shall carry out the annual reviews and updates required 
under section 10387(e). 
(e) CONFLICTS.—If any conflicts between Federal agencies arise 
while carrying out the activities under this section, the President 
shall make the final decision regarding resolution of the conflict. 
Subtitle G—Quantum Networking and 
Communications 
SEC. 10661. QUANTUM NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director 
of the National Science Foundation. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CONGRESS.—The term 
‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (15 U.S.C. 8801). 
(3) Q2WORK
PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Q2Work Program’’ 
means the Q2Work Program supported by the Foundation. 
(b) QUANTUM
NETWORKING
WORKING
GROUP
REPORT
ON 
QUANTUM NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS.— 
(1) REPORT.—Section 103 of the National Quantum Initia-
tive Act (15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended by adding the following 
at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(h) REPORT
ON QUANTUM NETWORKING
AND COMMUNICA-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 1, 2026, the 
Quantum Networking Working Group within the Subcommittee 
on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and 
Technology Council, in coordination with the Subcommittee 
on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum 
Information Science, shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report detailing a plan for the advancement 
of quantum networking and communications technology in the 
United States, building on the report entitled A Strategic Vision 
for America’s Quantum Networks and A Coordinated Approach 
for Quantum Networking Research. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The report under paragraph (1) shall 
include the following: 
‘‘(A) An update to the report entitled Coordinated 
Approach to Quantum Networking Research Report focusing
H. R. 4346—319 
on a framework for interagency collaboration regarding 
the advancement of quantum networking and communica-
tions research. 
‘‘(B) A plan for Federal Government partnership with 
the private sector and interagency collaboration regarding 
engagement in international standards for quantum net-
working and communications technology, including a list 
of Federal priorities for standards relating to such net-
working and technology. 
‘‘(C) A proposal for the protection of national security 
interests relating to the advancement of quantum net-
working and communications technology. 
‘‘(D) An assessment of the relative position of the 
United States with respect to other countries in the global 
race to develop, demonstrate, and utilize quantum net-
working and communications technology. 
‘‘(E) Recommendations to Congress for legislative 
action relating to the matters considered under subpara-
graphs (A), (B), (C), and (D). 
‘‘(F) Such other matters as the Quantum Network 
Working Group considers necessary to advance the security 
of communications and network infrastructure, remain at 
the forefront of scientific discovery in the quantum informa-
tion science domain, and transition quantum information 
science research into the emerging quantum technology 
economy.’’. 
(c) QUANTUM NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH 
AND STANDARDIZATION.— 
(1) RESEARCH.—Subsection (a) of section 201 of the 
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended 
by— 
(A) redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs 
(6) and (7), respectively; and 
(B) inserting after paragraph (2) the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the development 
and standardization of quantum cryptography and post- 
quantum classical cryptography; 
‘‘(4) shall carry out research to facilitate the development 
and standardization of quantum networking, communications, 
and sensing technologies and applications; 
‘‘(5) for quantum technologies determined by the Director 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to be 
at a readiness level sufficient for standardization, shall provide 
technical review and assistance to such other Federal agencies 
as the Director considers appropriate for the development of 
quantum networking infrastructure standards;’’. 
(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is author-
ized to be appropriated to the Scientific and Technical Research 
and Services account of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology to carry out paragraphs (3) through (5) of 
subsection (a) of section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (as inserted pursuant to the amendments made by para-
graph (1) of this subsection) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027. 
(d) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE WORKFORCE EVALUATION 
AND ACCELERATION.—
H. R. 4346—320 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into 
an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study to evaluate and 
make recommendations for the quantum information science 
workforce. The study shall— 
(A) characterize the quantum information science 
workforce, including by— 
(i) describing what constitutes a quantum informa-
tion science qualified worker across sectors, including 
academia, the Federal Government, and industry; and 
(ii) describing the size and makeup of the quantum 
information science workforce, including an assessment 
of current and future trends; 
(B) identify near- and long-term quantum information 
science workforce needs across government, academia, and 
industry sectors, including identifying the cross-disciplinary 
academic degrees or academic courses necessary to— 
(i) prepare students for multiple career pathways 
in quantum information sciences and related fields; 
(ii) ensure the United States is competitive in the 
field of quantum information science while preserving 
national security; and 
(iii) support the development of quantum applica-
tions; 
(C) assess the state of quantum information science 
education and skills training at all education levels and 
identify gaps in meeting current and future workforce 
needs, including with respect to— 
(i) elementary, middle, and high-school student 
access 
to 
foundational 
courses, 
age-appropriate 
quantum concepts, and hands-on learning opportuni-
ties; 
(ii) elementary, middle, and high-school teacher 
professional development and access to resources, 
materials, lesson plans, modules, and curricula; 
(iii) career pivot and skills training opportunities, 
including professional certificates and internships; and 
(iv) higher education curricula, laboratory experi-
ences in academia, the Federal Government, and 
industry settings, and cross-discipline degree programs 
aligned with workforce needs; and 
(D) make recommendations for developing a diverse, 
flexible, and sustainable quantum information science 
workforce that meets the evolving needs of academia, the 
Federal Government, and industry. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than two years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the National Academies of Science, 
Engineering, and Medicine shall submit to Congress and the 
Director a report containing the results of the study conducted 
pursuant to paragraph (1). 
(e) INCORPORATING QISE INTO STEM CURRICULUM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 301 of the National Quantum 
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended by adding the fol-
lowing at the end: 
‘‘(d) INCORPORATING QISE INTO STEM CURRICULUM.—