‘‘(A) MAXIMIZING ENVIRONMENTAL BENE-
FITS.—In determining’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘may’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘take into consideration’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall take into consideration’’; 
(3) by striking ‘‘benefits; and’’ and inserting 
‘‘benefits. The Secretary shall establish criteria for 
the acceptance of contract offers that will maximize 
environmental benefits, including criteria related to 
the characteristics of the land that is the subject of 
the contract offer, its location, proposed cover and 
proposed management practices.’’; 
(4) by striking ‘‘(B) establish’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(B) FLEXIBILITY.—The Secretary may 
establish’’; 
(5) by striking ‘‘abated.’’ and inserting ‘‘abated, 
in order to more effectively address specific State or 
regional resource concerns and conservation prior-
ities, including restoration of rare and declining for-
est ecosystems.’’; and 
(6) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(C) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CONSERVA-
TION PROGRAMS.—In the enrollment of land in 
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the conservation reserve established under this 
subchapter, the Secretary shall give a priority 
to land that cannot produce comparable envi-
ronmental benefits if maintained in agricultural 
production and enrolled in the environmental 
quality incentives program or other program de-
signed to assist producers in improving the en-
vironmental performance of working agricul-
tural land.’’. 
(j) CONSERVATION RESERVE ENHANCEMENT PRO-
GRAM.—Section 1234(f)(1) of such Act is (16 U.S.C. 
3834(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new sentence: ‘‘The Secretary may waive this payment 
limitation for persons participating in a conservation re-
serve enhancement program if the Secretary determines 
such a waiver is necessary to achieve the objectives of the 
conservation reserve enhancement program.’’. 
SEC. 102. WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM. 
(a) EXTENSION.— 
(1) FUNDING EXTENSION.—Section 1241(a)(2) 
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3841(a)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘The’’ and in-
serting ‘‘For each of fiscal years 2002 through 
2013, the’’. 
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(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
1237(c) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837(c)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2013’’. 
(b) MAXIMUM AND YEARLY ENROLLMENT.—Section 
1237(b)(1) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837(b)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by striking ‘‘2,275,000 acres’’ and inserting 
‘‘5,000,000 acres’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘250,000 acres in each calendar 
year’’ and inserting ‘‘350,000 acres in each of cal-
endar years 2008 and 2009 and 250,000 acres in 
each of calendar years 2010 through 2013’’. 
(c) ENROLLMENT
OF RIPARIAN AREAS.—Section 
1237(d)(3) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837(d)(3)) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘that link’’ and all that follows through ‘‘an 
easement’’. 
(d) WETLAND EASEMENT CONSERVATION PLAN.— 
Section 1237A(b)(3) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837a(b)(3)) 
is amended by inserting before the semicolon at the end 
the following: ‘‘and management activities necessary to 
maintain the functional values of the wetlands’’. 
(e) VALUATION OF EASEMENTS.—Section 1237A(f) 
of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837a(f)) is amended by striking 
‘‘but not to exceed’’ and all that follows through the end 
of the sentence and inserting ‘‘, and the amount of such 
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compensation shall be based on appraisals of the current 
fair market agricultural value of the land to be encum-
bered by the easement. The Uniform Relocation Assist-
ance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 
(42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) shall not apply to appraisals of 
land offered for enrollment in the wetlands reserve pro-
gram.’’. 
(f) COST-SHARE AND MANAGEMENT ASSISTANCE.— 
Section 1237C of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837c) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a)(1), by inserting ‘‘including 
management activities,’’ after ‘‘values,’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) MANAGEMENT
COSTS.—The Secretary 
may make payments to owners to cover up to the 
full actual cost of undertaking any ongoing or peri-
odic management activities necessary to maintain 
the functional values of wetland enrolled in the wet-
lands reserve program.’’. 
(g) EASEMENT PRIORITIES.—Section 1237C(d) of 
such Act (16 U.S.C. 3837c(d)) is amended by striking 
‘‘wildlife’’ and inserting ‘‘wildlife, particularly rare, threat-
ened, endangered, and candidate species, or for furthering 
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the goals and objectives of the State’s comprehensive wild-
life conservation strategy’’. 
SEC. 103. CONSERVATION SECURITY PROGRAM. 
(a) REPEAL OF FUNDING CAP.—Section 1241(a)(3) 
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)(3)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘, using not more than’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘2015’’. 
(b) PROGRAM EXTENSION.—Section 1238A(a) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3838a(a)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘2011’’ and inserting ‘‘2013’’. 
(c) THREE TIERS
OF CONSERVATION SECURITY 
CONTRACTS.—Section 1238A(d) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 
3838a(d)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (R) 
and (S) as subparagraphs (S) and (T), respec-
tively; and 
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (Q), 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(R) enhancement of in-stream flows;’’; 
(2) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘paragraph (6)’’ and inserting 
‘‘paragraph (7)’’; 
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(B) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), by striking 
‘‘1 significant resource’’ and inserting ‘‘2 sig-
nificant resources’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (B)(ii)(I), by striking 
‘‘1 significant resource’’ and inserting ‘‘3 sig-
nificant resources’’; and 
(3) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para-
graph (7); and 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) SOIL QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR CER-
TAIN PRODUCERS.—Certified organic producers and 
producers implementing a resource-conserving crop 
rotation shall be deemed to meet any minimum re-
quirements related to soil quality and the preserva-
tion of soil carbon that the Secretary may establish 
for each tier of conservation security contracts.’’. 
(d) CONTRACT RENEWAL.—Section 1238A(e)(4) of 
such Act (16 U.S.C. 3838a(e)(4)) is amended—— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘subpara-
graph (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘subparagraphs (B), (C), 
and (D)’’; and 
(2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting 
the following new subparagraphs: 
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‘‘(B) TIER I RENEWALS.—In the case of 
land enrolled under a Tier I conservation secu-
rity contract of a producer, the producer may— 
‘‘(i) renew the contract if the producer 
agrees to a new conservation security plan 
that addresses at least one additional sig-
nificant resource concern and includes sig-
nificant new conservation practices and ac-
tivities, as determined by the Secretary; or 
‘‘(ii) enroll the land under a Tier II or 
Tier III conservation security contract at 
the time the Tier I contract expires if the 
producer demonstrates that the eligibility 
criteria for a Tier III conservation security 
contract are met. 
‘‘(C) TIER II RENEWALS.—In the case of 
land enrolled under a Tier II conservation secu-
rity contract of a producer, the producer may— 
‘‘(i) renew the contract if the producer 
agrees to a new conservation security plan 
that includes significant new conservation 
practices or activities, as determined by the 
Secretary; or 
‘‘(ii) enroll the land under a Tier III 
conservation security contract at the time 
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the Tier II contract expires if the producer 
demonstrates that the eligibility criteria for 
a Tier III conservation security contract 
are met. 
‘‘(D) TIER III RENEWALS.—In the case of 
land enrolled under a Tier III conservation se-
curity contract of a producer, the producer may 
renew the contract, subject to a benchmark as-
sessment by the Secretary to determine whether 
the producer fully complied with the require-
ments of the Tier III conservation security 
plan.’’. 
(e) ELIMINATION OF MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS.— 
Section 1238C(b)(1)(B) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 
3838c(b)(1)(B)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new sentence: ‘‘Effective for payments made after 
October 1, 2006, payments under a conservation security 
contract may not include amounts for the maintenance of 
existing land management and vegetative practices or the 
maintenance of existing land-based structural practices.’’. 
(f) 
MINIMUM
CONTRACT
PAYMENT.—Section 
1238C(b) of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3838c(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) 
MINIMUM
PAYMENT.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision in this subsection, a producer 
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participating in the conservation security program 
shall be entitled to an annual payment of not less 
than $1,500 under a conservation security con-
tract.’’. 
(g) ENROLLMENT PROCEDURES.—Subsection (f) of 
section 1238C of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3838c) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) ENROLLMENT PROCEDURES.— 
‘‘(1) NO USE OF COMPETITIVE BIDDING.—In 
entering into conservation security contracts with 
producers under this subchapter, the Secretary shall 
not use competitive bidding or any similar proce-
dure. 
‘‘(2) CONTINUOUS ENROLLMENT FOR TIER III 
CONTRACTS.—The Secretary shall enroll lands that 
meet Tier III enrollment criteria on a continuous 
basis. 
‘‘(3) PERIODIC
ENROLLMENT
OPPORTUNITIES 
FOR TIER I AND II CONTRACTS.—The Secretary shall 
ensure that producers whose land meets the eligi-
bility criteria for enrollment under a Tier I or Tier 
II conservation security contract have the oppor-
tunity to enroll the land in the conservation security 
program once every three years.’’. 
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(h) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Subsection (f) of sec-
tion 1238C of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3838c) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(g) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) PROVISION OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
For each of fiscal years 2003 through 2013, the 
Secretary shall provide appropriate technical assist-
ance to producers for the development and imple-
mentation of conservation security contracts. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—The amount expended to 
provide technical assistance with respect to a con-
servation security contract over the life of the con-
tract may not exceed 15 percent of the total amount 
expended over the life of the contract.’’. 
SEC. 104. REAUTHORIZATION OF AND INCREASED ENROLL-
MENT AUTHORITY FOR GRASSLAND RESERVE 
PROGRAM. 
(a) EXTENSION AND FUNDING.—Section 1241(a) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is 
amended by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) For each of fiscal years 2002 through 
2013, the grassland reserve program under sub-
chapter C of chapter 2.’’. 
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(b) ENROLLMENT GOALS AND LIMITATION ON USE 
OF RENTAL AGREEMENTS.—Section 1238N(b) of such 
Act (16 U.S.C. 3838N(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘2,000,000 
acres’’ and inserting ‘‘10,000,000 acres’’; and 
(2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the 
following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(3) LIMITATION ON USE OF RENTAL AGREE-
MENTS.—Of the total number of acres enrolled in 
the program at any one time through the methods 
described in paragraph (2)(A), not more than 30 
percent of the acres shall be enrolled through the 
use of rental agreements described in clause (i) of 
such paragraph. 
‘‘(4) ENROLLMENT GOAL.—For the period be-
ginning on the date of the enactment of this para-
graph and ending on December 31, 2013, the Sec-
retary shall establish a goal to enroll not less than 
2,000,000 acres of native grasslands in the pro-
gram.’’. 
(c) ENROLLMENT OF CONSERVATION RESERVE PRO-
GRAM LAND.—Section 1238N of such Act (16 U.S.C. 
3838N) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection: 
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‘‘(d) ENROLLMENT
OF CONSERVATION RESERVE 
PROGRAM LAND.— 
‘‘(1) ENROLLMENT
AUTHORIZED.—Subject to 
the eligibility requirements of subsection (c) and all 
other requirements of this subchapter, land enrolled 
in the conservation reserve program may be enrolled 
in the grassland reserve program if the Secretary de-
termines that the land is of high ecological value and 
under significant threat of conversion to other uses. 
‘‘(2) MAXIMUM ENROLLMENT.—The enrollment 
of conservation reserve program land under this sub-
section shall not exceed 50 percent of the total num-
ber of acres enrolled in the grassland reserve pro-
gram in a given fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) PROHIBITION ON DUPLICATION OF PAY-
MENTS.—Land enrolled in the grassland reserve pro-
gram under this subsection shall no longer be eligi-
ble for payments under the conservation reserve pro-
gram.’’. 
(d) EQUITY FOR PASTURE-BASED OPERATIONS.— 
Section 1238N of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3838N) is further 
amended by inserting after subsection (d), as added by 
subsection (c), the following new subsection: 
‘‘(e) EQUITY FOR PASTURE-BASED OPERATIONS.— 
Consistent with the other requirements of the program, 
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the Secretary shall implement the program in a manner 
that ensures that, to the greatest extent practicable, land-
owners operating pasture-based systems have an equal op-
portunity to enroll in the program.’’. 
(e) BIODIVERSITY.—Section 1238O of such Act (16 
U.S.C. 3838o) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as 
subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(f) BIODIVERSITY.—In emphasizing support for bio-
diversity consistent with the requirements of subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall give priority to agreements and 
easements that protect and restore habitat for rare, 
threatened, endangered, and candidate species or further 
the goals and objectives of the State’s comprehensive wild-
life conservation strategy.’’. 
(f) SPECIAL GRASSLANDS RESERVE ENHANCEMENT 
PROGRAM.—Section 1238P of such Act (16 U.S.C. 
3838p) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(e) SPECIAL GRASSLANDS RESERVE ENHANCE-
MENT AGREEMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) AGREEMENTS.—The Secretary may enter 
into a special grasslands reserve enhancement agree-
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ment with a State under which the Secretary will 
make payments to the State or political subdivisions 
or agencies of the State to advance the purposes of 
the grassland reserve program in the State. 
‘‘(2) PAYMENT LIMITATIONS.—Section 1305(d) 
of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 
(7 U.S.C. 1308 note; Public Law 100–203) shall not 
apply to payments received by a State or political 
subdivision or agency thereof in connection with an 
agreement entered into under subsection (a).’’. 
SEC. 105. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) EXTENSION.— 
(1) FUNDING
EXTENSION
AND
INCREASE.— 
Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended by striking para-
graph (6) and inserting the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(6) The environmental quality incentives pro-
gram under chapter 4, using, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable, $2,000,000,000 in each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2013.’’. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS.—Section 
1240B of such Act is amended (16 U.S.C. 3839aa– 
2)— 
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(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking 
‘‘2010’’ and inserting ‘‘2013’’; and 
(B) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘2013’’. 
(b) PURPOSES.—Section 1240 of such Act (16 U.S.C. 
3839aa) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, conserving 
energy,’’ after ‘‘resources’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and con-
serve energy,’’ after ‘‘wildlife’’. 
(c) PREDATOR DETERRENCE.—Section 1240B(a) of 
such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2(a)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following paragraph: 
‘‘(3) PREDATOR
DETERRENCE.—A producer 
that implements practices or other measures as part 
of a system of proactive predator deterrence for 
large carnivores, including the use of range riders, 
removal of carcasses, and installation of electric 
fencing around calving areas, shall be eligible to re-
ceive cost-share or incentive payments under this 
chapter.’’. 
(d) BIDDING
DOWN.—Subsection (c) of section 
1240B of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–2) is amended to 
read as follows: 
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‘‘(c) BIDDING DOWN.—The Secretary shall not as-
sign a higher priority to any application because the appli-
cant is willing to accept a lower cost-share or incentive 
payment than the applicant would otherwise be entitled 
to receive. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed 
to relieve the Secretary of the obligation, when evaluating 
applications for cost-share payments and incentive pay-
ments, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the proposed 
conservation practices, systems, and approaches described 
in the applications and to prioritize the most cost-effective 
applications, as required by section 1240C(1).’’. 
(e) EVALUATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR COST-SHARE 
PAYMENTS AND INCENTIVE PAYMENTS.—Section 1240C 
of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–3) is amended to read as 
follows: 
‘‘SEC. 1240C. EVALUATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR COST- 
SHARE 
PAYMENTS 
AND 
INCENTIVE 
PAY-
MENTS. 
‘‘(a) EVALUATION PRIORITIES AND CRITERIA.—In 
evaluating applications for cost-share payments and incen-
tive payments, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) prioritize applications based on their over-
all level of cost-effectiveness to ensure that the con-
servation practices, systems, and approaches pro-
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posed are the most efficient means of achieving the 
anticipated environmental benefits of the project; 
‘‘(2) prioritize applications based on how effec-
tively and comprehensively the project addresses the 
designated resource concern or resource concerns; 
‘‘(3) reward higher levels of environmental per-
formance, such as advanced levels of management 
within land management practices; 
‘‘(4) develop criteria for evaluating applications 
that will ensure that national, State, and local con-
servation priorities are effectively addressed; and 
‘‘(5) prioritize applications that will improve en-
vironmental performance on existing operations. 
‘‘(b) SPECIAL RULE FOR PROJECTS TO IMPROVE 
WILDLIFE HABITAT.—In evaluating applications for cost- 
share payments and incentive payments primarily to im-
prove wildlife habitat, in addition to meeting the require-
ments of subsection (a), the Secretary shall give priority 
to applications that— 
‘‘(1) protect and restore habitat for rare, 
threatened, endangered, and candidate species; or 
‘‘(2) further the goals and objectives of the 
State’s comprehensive wildlife conservation strat-
egy.’’. 
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(f) CONSERVATION INNOVATION GRANTS.—Section 
1240H of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–8) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘may’’ and in-
serting ‘‘shall’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘may’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (2); 
(C) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (3) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) include a plan for technology transfer.’’; 
and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
sections: 
‘‘(d) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.—To the maximum 
extent practicable, the Secretary shall ensure efficient, ef-
fective transfer of innovative technologies and approaches 
demonstrated through projects that receive funding under 
this section. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—In addition to amounts made avail-
able under section 1241(a)(6) to carry out this chapter, 
the Secretary shall use funds of the Commodity Credit 
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Corporation to carry out this section in the following 
amounts: 
‘‘(1) 40,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
‘‘(2) 50,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
‘‘(3) 60,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 
‘‘(4) 75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 
through 2013.’’. 
(g) FUNDING
UNDER
GROUND
AND
SURFACE 
WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM.—Subsection (c) sec-
tion 1240I of such Act (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–9) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(c) 
FUNDING.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
use 
$100,000,000 of the funds of the Commodity Credit Cor-
poration to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 
2008 through 2013. These funds are in addition to 
amounts made available under section 1241(a)(6) to carry 
out this chapter.’’. 
(h) ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.—Chapter 4 of subtitle 
D of title XII of such Act is amended by adding at the 
end the following new sections: 
‘‘SEC. 1240J. PROMOTION OF FOREST STEWARDSHIP PRAC-
TICES. 
‘‘(a) COST-SHARE PAYMENTS AND INCENTIVE PAY-
MENTS.—In carrying out the program under this chapter, 
the Secretary shall promote forest stewardship by pro-
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viding cost-share payments and incentive payments to 
non-industrial private forest owners to carry out eligible 
conservation activities, to— 
‘‘(1) improve water quality; 
‘‘(2) improve habitat for at-risk species; 
‘‘(3) restore ecologically important forest types; 
or 
‘‘(4) control invasive species. 
‘‘(b) PRIORITY.—The Secretary shall give priority to 
projects that involve multiple landowners implementing el-
igible conservation activities in a coordinated way to ad-
dress the purposes described in subsection (a). 
‘‘(c) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) AMOUNTS.—The Secretary shall use funds 
of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out 
this section in the following amounts: 
‘‘(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
‘‘(B) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
‘‘(C) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 
‘‘(D) $75,000,000 million for each of fiscal 
years 2011 and 2012; and 
‘‘(E) $100 million for fiscal year 2013. 
‘‘(2) RELATION TO OTHER FUNDS.—The funds 
made available under paragraph (1) are in addition 
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