A&86 them are top men, Hke John D. Hicker- son, from Crawford, a career officer who is now Assistant Secretary of State for United Nations Affairs; Fletcher Warren, from Wolfe City, former American Am- bassador to Paraguay, now director of the State Department’s office of South Amer- ican Affairs. Some are just beginning as career officers, like Douglass Balentine, from Bigfiat, now Vice Consul in Guate- mala; John Burnett, from Bowie, Vice Consul in Kobe; Jack Howison, from Bo- gata, vice consul in Istanbul. There are more Texans in the Foreign Service staff corps, the noncareer officers and the es- sential clerical and stenographic clerks that staff our posts overseas. All to- gether, 214 men and women from our State in an organization of approxi- mately 7,000 Americans, plus an addi- tional 8,000 local alien employees. Before I went abroad, I knew some- thing about the Foreign Service, of course, from my work with the House Committee on Armed Services. But on my travels I wanted to know more about how Foreign Service people live overseas, how they educate their children, how often they get home to the United States, and so forth. Also, just what they did in their jobs. So I got hold of a State Department pamphlet called The For- eign Service of the United States. The pamphlet defines the Foreign Service as the field arm of the Depart- ment of State. It defines the service best by listing its functions. It repre- sents the United States abroad; advises, protects, assists American citizens re- siding, traveling, or having interests abroad; negotiates treaties; observes, analyzes, and reports on trends of sig- nificance in the countries in which as- signed: promotes and protects the for- eign trade of the United States. The pamphlet also lists consular functions that might be more familiar to American citizens. The Foreign Service is respon- sible for the issuance of passports to American citizens abroad; the registra- tion of births and deaths of Americans in their consular districts; the examina- tion of foreign visa applicants; the pro- tection of American shipping and sea- men; the custody, administration, and scttlement of the estates of American citizens or seamen who die abroad; the handling of extradition cases for the American Government; the supervision of quarantine and disinfection rules for foreign goods being shipped to the American market. In short, there is a lot of hard, routine work in taking part in what has been called America’s first line of defense in peacetime. A number of well-known Americans have served in our Foreign Service. Benjamin Franklin wes our first Am- bassador to France. Washington Irving wrote Tales of the Alhambra while sta- tioned at the American Legation in Madrid. William Eaton, our consul in Tunis years ago led an army of 500 Greeks, Italians, and Arabs across the desert to capture Derna during our war with Tripoli in 1798. Howard Payne, who wrote Home, Sweet Home, was our consul in Tunis in 1842, After meeting Foreign Service officers living in Tehran, Belgrade, and other places, and hearing about some who had not been home in 6 or 8 years, I can understand how Howard Payne came to write that song. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the Scarlet Letter, and other great novels, was consul in Liverpool for many years; he is said to have written the Marble Faun while stationed there. Joel Poin- sett was our first Minister to Mexico and brought back the plant now called after him, the Poinsettia. Today there are 15,000 Foreign Service employees stationed in 294 posts in more than 70 different countries. It is difficult to give exact figures for the Foreign Service today. Seven posts have been closed in China during the past year due to Communist control of the mainland. At the same time we have opened new posts in Burma, Siam, and French Indo- china. AS a general redeploys his troops according to the situation, the State De- partment closes anc opens posts. There may be 294 posts today but 293 or 295 tomorrow. Some Foreign Service posts are in prominent places like Paris, London, Moscow. There are others, and these are in the majority, in less well-known spots, such as Tehran, Kabul, the capi- tal of Afghanistan; Accra, on the Afri- can Gold Coast; Dares-Salaam, Tan- ganyika; Elizabethville, the Belgian Con- go; Belim, Brazil. Tihwa, China, was the most remote of all our Foreign Serv- ice posts until it was closed this year. You may have read of the 1,600-mile trek over the Himalayan mountains that Consul Hall Paxton led in order to escape from the Chinese Communists into India. The party included six women and five children, and took 3 months. You may also have read of the tragic death of Vice Consul Douglas Mackiernan, shot by Tibetian border guards while follow- ing Paxton a few weeks later. What kind of vife do our fellov’ Ameri- cans live in the Foreign Service? It varies, of cours-, from post to post. In London or Paris, I found living condi- tions to be not much different from my own in Washington. But London or Paris are not average posts. A Foreign Service family will be assigned to a post like Paris or London only after many years in the less popular posts in the world. Let us examine the conditions in which American Foreign Service families live in a more average post, Tehran, the captial of Iran, which I visited on my rip. Tehran sits on a barren plateau of the Elbruz Mountains at an altitude of 4,000 feet. It has a dry climate with a rain- fall of about 10 inches per year, about the same as some parts of west Texas, and the temperature rises to above 100° Fahrenheit in the summer and goes down to near freezing temperature dur- ing the winter nights. The climate is generally pleasant and offers no par- ticular hardship beyond possible respira- tory troubles due to the prevalence of dust in the air. Serious health hazards do exist for American families, however, and the State Department’s post report on Tehran lists the following prevalent diseases: typhoid and partyphoid, bac- illary and amoebic dysentery, malaria, smallpox, whooping cough, measles, APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD diphtheria, trachoma, typhus fever, tuberculosis, sandfiy fever, and the in- sect-borne infection known as the “Baghdad boil.” The common distribution of water in Tehran is through a series of wells with connecting tunnels. The water is brought down from the mountains through these tunnels and brought to the surface just north of the city. It then passes down each street through & series of open gutters known as “jubes.” Individual households obtain water by periodically damming the “jubes” to di- vert a sufficient supply into private cis- terns. The water has, of course, been contaminated as it runs through the open gutters and thickens noticeably as it runs through the city. Most Americans buy drinking water for their families from roving water carts or take home water from the chlo- rinated well in the Embassy compound, Jube water is used, however, for gen- eral house cleaning, the laundry, and the bathroom. Most diseases caused by contaminated water can also be acquired from the food. It is the common practice of Iranian vegetable vendors to “freshen” their produce with jube water. All vegetables therefore have to be washed and either thoroughly cooked or disinfected before serving. In some parts of Iran, vege- tables and fruits are still fertilized with “night soil’ or handled by persons with infectious diseases. This also invites preventive measures. The only American doctors in Iran are a medical officer assigned to the United States military mission in the country, a Rockefeller Foundation re- search worker, and a few medical mis- sionaries who work some distance from Tehran, Since none of these doctors is officially available for Foreign Service personnel, local doctors have to provide whatever care is needed. There are, of course, no dentists or occulists other than native Iranians. Housing facilities are few and expen- sive. Henry E. Grady, our present Am- bassador to Iran, lives in part of the Em- bassy set aside for the Ambassador’s residence but the majority of the staff have to locate quarters in the city itself. Rents average $150 a month for a small, unfurnished fiat, and $250 a month for an unfurnished, three-bedroom house, Furnished quarters, when available, average 20 percent higher. Church facilities for American For- eign Service personnel are plentiful. The American Presbyterian Mission maintains a community church in Tehran at which Protestant services of various denominations are conducted. There are also a number of Catholic churches, and several synagogues. Education for the children of Foreign Service families is largely provided by the American Presbyterian Mission. For many years, the mission has main- tained an English-speaking community school. Most of the teachers are Ameri- can and instruction can be obtained from the second to the twelfth grades— in other words, through high school. There were about 200 students in the school when I visited it, including all
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD American children in Tehran of school age. They have no football team, of course, but they play soccer among themselves and baseball and do plenty of hiking. Recreational facilities for Foreign Service families are both good and bad. Motion-picture entertainment is prac- tically nonexistent. The theaters are dilapidated buildings of questionable cleanness and show very old American pictures. One practice which does not help matters much is the practice of breaking into the showing at frequent intervals with slides flashed on the screen translating the spoken American words into Persian and Russian. These intorruptions always come at the most exciting parts, I am told, so that the local audience will understand what is going on. In-between times, the audience drowns out the sound on the screen with a buzz of conversation and conjecture. Other than movies, however, recrea- tional facilities for Embassy personnel are plentiful. That is, if you like sports. There is plenty of open space for hiking and picnicking and hunting. Game 4s plentiful in the mountains and on the plateau, particularly wild boar, gazelle, duck, pheasant, snipe, and quail. For fishing there are a few mountain trout streams and a small amount of offshore fishing down in the Caspian Sca, a day’s drive from Tehran. In the city itself there is an 18-hole golf course lying on the outskirts. The only trouble with it that I could see was that the terrain was pretty rugged and the course was totally bare of grass. All in all, Tehran is a pretty average Foreign Service post Living conditions are not so good as in Paris or London, nor so bad as they would have been had I visited more remote posts. The great- est draw-back that I could see was its distance from America. It takes 20 to 30 days to go out by boat to the Persian Gulf and then overland to Tehran. If you are shipping your furniture and heavy baggage on ahead of you, Embassy officials say it takes from 4 to 6 months to arrive. Once there, a Foreign Service employee might as well forget about get- ting home till his next home leave, 3 years hence. The Forcign Service people I met, how- ever, seem to like the deal. They are used to traveling around. To them Tehran is just another post among many. It may be the sixth or seventh in a long series of posts before 30 years’ service rolls around and a Foreign Serv- ice officer can retire. Meanwhile, the family must get used to living in many countries and under all kinds of condi- tions. The children must become ac- customed to being picked up every 3 or 4 years and carried on to another country, to another school, with another language to learn. The wife must become used to packing, unpacking, learning new mar- keting customs and how to get along with another set of servants. It is a traveling salesman’s life in a way, with the whole family acting as salesmen for the United States. From what I saw of them, they are doing a good job. Detroit’s Two Hundred and Fiftieth Birthday Festival Ce eam EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOHN D. DINGELL OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, January 9, 1951 Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, com- mencing January 1, 1951, Detroit will be the site of a year-long commemoration of that city’s history. The celebration, which will be civic and cultural in char- acter, has been planned by thousands of Detroit citizens during the past 2 years. In the present period of international unrest and recurring crises, the Detroit two hundred and fiftieth birthday festi- val will constitute one of the greatest public demonstrations of democracy and faith ever staged. Detroit is one of the six oldest major cities on the North American Continent, and its cultural and economic impor- tance to this Nation have long been re- alized. The citizens of Detroit are tak- ing this occasion to dedicate themselves again to the principies of demo-ratic living. Oniginally, the Detroit festival was planned not only as a civic and cultural demonstr: tion, but also to encompass a Jarge irdustrial fair. As soon as the United States became embroiled in the Korean War, however, plans were cast to mobilize industrial units for the emer- gency. The people of Detroit immedi- ately revised their festival schedule. Rather than a visual demonstration of Detroit’s industrial progress through the yeacs, they determined to show the world the vast potential American in- dustry by means of production figures increascd to meet the current emer- gency. Detroit is the world's greatest produc- tion center and the arsenal of democ- racy. Here is concentrated the greatest force of mechanical and scientific pro- duction in the world. It is more than that, for within the city of Detroit over which we rejoice there is a feeling of friendship, brotherly love, peace, and contentment among the prosperous and productive people. Every phase of hu- man activities, every great nationality and color are found within the boundary contines of this great city for which it has been known, not only as being dy- namic but the city “where life is worth living.” The cultural and civil aspects of the festival have been enlarged, During the coming year, Detroit will present one of the greatest sports programs ever con- ceived. It will ve the host for the Na- tional Open Golf Tournament, the big- league all-star baseball game, the Amer- ican Legion junior baseball tourna- ment, the men’s and women's national AAU swimming championships, the men’s and women’s national gymnastic championships, and many other events of national importance. A87 During the summer, many events of international: importance will take place in Detroit. The Detroit Institute of Arts will present a special exhibit titled “The French in America,” for which ma- terials are being sent from the greatest collections in France and England; a series of special concerts will be given featuring the music of France, England, and the United States: and, among the many other special events to be pre- sented, there will be an international folk festival which will display the many cultures that have contributed tc what is now the native American culture. Ours is a great and wealthy country, devoted to the belief that freedom and Gemocracy are necessary to progress. Detroit is a living example of the results of freedom and democracy. During 1951, the eyes of the world will be on that city. I believe that each of us, us Representa- tives of our individual States, should strongly endorse the Detroit Two Hun- dred and Fiftieth Birthday Festival and the principles upon which it is built. The New Year in the World Situation EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WAYNE L. HAYS or OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, January 9, 1951 Mr, HAYS of Ohio. Myr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I include the following articl: by Mr, Soterios Nicholson, from the January 7, 1951, issue of Atlantis, which I commend to the attention of the Members of the House: THe New YEAR IN THE Wortp SITUATION (By Soterios Nicholson) WasHINGTON —The year 1951 comes at a time when the free world is poised on the brink of decision: Whether or not it shall give the supreme effort to preserve its liberty from the danger of totalitarianism, As the world situation grows darker, the hopes of the peace-loving peoples in the world rekindle with a brighter and more anxious flame, The new year is a time to look forward and not back. The errors mado in the past can be studied and acknowledged, but we can't waste time deliberating over them. If in the past we have failed to speed up our defenses in such areas as the Greek-Balkan region, or in Iran or in Western Germany, now is the time to make our resolution to foster prepared- ness throughout the world—at every key spot likely to be attacked by the Kremlin hordes. New Year’s Day in the United States is highly celebrated as the day which ushers in a new goal in life toward which we can set our sights. It is the day when resolu- tions, firm and resolute, are formed, the day when dancing and merrymaking continue into the early hours of the new year. It also is a day which marks the passing of an outworn, already experlenced year. Thus, the sense of the new, the untried, is what spurs Americans to do the unusual, the difficult, yes, even the untried. And in Greece, the new year is the culmination of the period which begins in Christmas. It
A&s is the day when gifts are passed among rela- tives and friends, @ practice indulged in Ohristmas time. This Balkan Nation, saddened many a New Year'a Day by the burdena of war or hunger, finds itself this 1951 a country on the out- post, guarding democracy’s frontier, That job is not an easy one, for, in addition, Greece must assure its people that they will have food to eat, a roof over their heads at night, and a future to look forward to—at a time when few hopes are alive in central Europe. The road back tor Greece has been a long and difficult one. That road has a turn In it which now {s being reached. The coming year should tell whether the Greek people will have taken the right turn or perhaps teken a detour. Which road is the correct can be guidepoated by the leading western countries, such as the United States and Great Britain. A year is almost a past friend. To all of us, 1929 and also 1930 were years which we remember as the depression ac- quaintances. The first was to have been celebrated as the greatest 12 months in the American history of prosperity. But, as it happened, the prosperity did not linger the full time but deteriorated into the famous economic crash and the beginning of the great depression. People wondered in 1930 whether that year would bring revolution and crisis in the United States. But by the same token, the years 1018 and 1945 are remembered as having a peculiarly sweet and fond aroma. Those were the years when two separate and great world wars ended on a note of high optimism. It was to be the end of world conflict and blood- letting. It is—and should be—our sincere desire that this year of 1951 will be the turning point of history, wherein the curse on nu- manivy called communism 1s trampled under the boots cf the masses of people who have been subjugated ty the twentieth century tyrants. The goal in every man’s life is happiness and a measure of success for himself and for hig family. And it is those thoughts which are asserted on the new year. Man, & strange creature even unto himeelf, is ever curious what tomorrow may bring. But, a8 it is in the world and as it ever will be in the history of mankind, the individual can have & part in what is to come. Greece's populace, whose roots sprang from the fer- tile forebearers who nurtured oivilization and who has been one of its greatest cham- pions, in this way can play a role in the history of the future world. With the aid of the free and unfettered world, the Greek Nation can look forward to many more years of peace and perhaps even eventual pros- perity. But should the many resourceful and bastion nations fail to bulwark Greece morally, spiritually, and materially, and without delay, the days, months, and per- haps years will be heavily shadowed. Courage—and faith—can topple the odds being stacked against the free Western World. The set-back to the United Nations that has been suffered in Korea can have mixed blessings by preparing us for the very worst, The New Year ts being celebrated throughout the world with a trace of fore- boding. For peoples the world over are ask- jug one another the big question of: Are we great enough, do we have the know-how to meet the aggressor at the council table or on the fleld of battle and defeat him? The answer to this indcterminable can only be in the affirmative; Democratic ways of life must give emphasis to the note being sounded by our leaders—freedom must not fas. With the aid of God, the freedom-loving workers, businessmen, professionals and in- tellectuals, the diplomats and the politicians will forego the usual and normal. luxuries \,hich have become part of their way of life, and work together to meke 1951 the most memorable year of all tima. Only we—the free peoples of the earth—can make an ideal come true. Only we—the best fed people on the earth—can assure other nations, such as Greece, that they and their future genera- tions are not being forgotten. Unstinted effort on every individual's part must follow the recapitulation made on New Year’s Day. Ring in the New Year, ring out the old, we are crossing the threshold. May we have prosperity and peace. World Government—Think It Over EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LAWRENCE H. SMITH OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, January 9, 1951 Mr, SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- er, Iam inserting as part of my remarks an article by Col, Albert G. Hulett, of East Orange, N. J., which appeared in the December 1950 issue of Sojourner. The threat to our Government through the program of world federalism must be brought to the attention of all the American people. The article in ques- tion is as follows: Bx OBJECTIVE IN Your THINKING AbouUr WorLD GOVERNMENT Can we not derive inspiration and guid- ance for our thoughts and our inclinations regarding world government, as now being go adroitly advocated by United World Fed~ eralists, Inc., from the parable of the 10 talents which 1s contained tn the New Testa- ment of the Christian Bible? If anyone has forgotten that parable, I admonish him or her to reread it at once and then to think upon its implications. The lesson is very clear, namely, that only after succeeding in lesser things are we entitled to undertake larger and greater endeavors and responsi- bilities. Could anyone expect that one of our colleges would accept as a student any pup!) who had failed to graduate from high or preparatory school? And, if any college were so foolish, would you expect auch pupil to succeed in such higher educational en~ deavor? Even a casual and superficial survey of human history will reveal that socially, morally, educationally, linguistically, and re- ligtously, the world of today is as hopeless a mess of conflicting strata, beliefs, practices, and systems as it was 2,000 years ago. We may have made some progress, but certainly not enough to achieve a disappearance of these basic and vital differences and dis- agreements. Not only have we these differ- ences, but we have a total incomprehension and misunderstanding of the mores of one group by those of any other. ‘We may talk grandiosely of democracy and prate that a long list of countries have em- braced and practice democracy. But are we aware of the fallacy of such presumption? Upon the record, it appears that the United States, France, Great Britain, Finland, Italy, the nations of Central and South America, China, Japan, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and éven Russia are democracies. Yet have they @ similar constitution, political or socia! or- der, or comparable standards of procedure in government, or identical rights of the in- dividuals therein? Christianity has existed for well-nigh 2,000 years, and yet is it united today, or even making apparent progress toward such APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD union? Protestantism, both in Europe and these United Stutes, has been cognizant of the need and the vast advantage of achiev- ing a cingle Christian church into which all bellevers in Christ might be joined. But has such been even approached, let alone attained, to this date? To some observers it may even seem that the more we try to at- tain union the more minority groups are born and the more bittes becomes the par- tisan wall between them, Right within our own country, do we have @ singleness of mind in legal matters, or governmental, social, or civic realms? Yet our 48 States and the District of Columbia Sre supposed to be existing and to he functioning under a single Constitution. Whether it be divorce laws, criminal pro- cedure, property rights, or any other corner into which we inquire, we shall discover that we have not a single standard, but 49 differ- ent and widely dissimilar standards of right and of procedure amongst us. These are examples of what mankind has achteved as to one talent, or—-shall we say— as to successive single talents. Yet the idealists, dreamers, impractical thinkers, and superficial persons who now vociferously and financially are supporting and promoting the program of United World Federalists, Inc., with its objective of im- mediate, single world government, would have you and me believe that mankind— though dismally unsuccessful in these simpler, and yet vitally basic undertakings— can now and immedistely make a complete success of the establishment of a single gov- ernment for all mankind. To me, and to others who adopt a factual and objective approach to Hfe and its living, such a grandiose and illogical proposition is wholly repugnant and disturbing. That such scheme is of Russian Communist origi- nation requires much study to determine by actual proofs. A few who have the time and the facilities have certainly done so, but the mass of our citizens have neither such ability nor the leisure in which to parallel that research; nor have they been told all that might be said upon this score— and chiefly because of lack of money which would be requisite for such widespread dis- semination of the truths. Yet is such study or such dissemination necessary for our citizens to appreciate the impossibility of the successful achlevement— at this time or at any forseeable future date within the lives of those now existing upon this earth—of a single world government, unless such be a despotism which is forced upon its nations and peoples as was the Roman Empire and other subsequent “fat- uous answers to the yearning for universal peace"? Can we not cause our people to recognize that, having failed in these necessary pre~ liminary steps in the progression toward world unity, nor even now having the know]- edge or means to their attainment, we would be fools indeed to consider for a moment the vastly larger, more intricate, and far more dangerous attempt to speedily bring about the creation of a single government for mankind? Upon a dispassionate analysis of human accomplishment to date, the observer must become an apologist for the failures thereby disclosed, and also must conclude that mankind is not universally and generally ready for the college undertaking of world government, because the nations and peoples of this earth have not yet even finished the grammar schoo] of their education in solu- tion of domestic problems, let alone the high school of sufficient and proper collaboration between national governments and social sys- tema, or religtous sects. Hence, avoiding any and all considerations of the details of this world government proj- ect, should we not label it as wholly impos-
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD sible of attainment? And, even though we might yearn for some such eventual attain- ment at some far-distant future date, can we honestly aver that we can or should advo- cate any such scheme which must inevitably result in chaos and recession for mankind, should it be now undertaken? Avsert G. Hutert, National Commander, Herocs of '76. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Waterway EXTENSION OF REMARKS oO} HON. JOHN D. DINGELL OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, January 9, 1951 Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on Janu- ary 8, I introduced House Joint Resolu- tion 3 for the construction of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway in the in- terest of national security and conti- nental defense of the United States and Canada. Although this proposition has been before Congress for some time, the criti- cal developments during the past 6 months have emphasized the necessity for immediate construction of this project. There is a vital and pressing need for the production of low-cost hydro power for our defense industries. This project will supply it in an area which has suffered from power shortages since the beginning of World War II. The Government is today making con- tracts for the establishment of defense plants in which it is forced to make al- lowance for high cost of power. Canada is in dire need of additional sources of power energy and if she is to make a Jarge contribution for our mutual de- fense she must be permitted to take part in the development of the St, Lawrence River. Through the development of this deep water navigation all materials needed for our expanded industries can be made available from continental sources without exposing our supply lines to enemy submarine action as in 1942. Our expanded steel industry will re- quire large amounts of iron ore imports. The Bureau of Mines estimates that for an annual steel production capacity of 125,000,000 tons, we shall need to import 64,000,000 tons of iron ore. It is incon- ceivable that this country should allow almost one-half of its steel capacity in the next 10 to 20 years to be dependent upon off-shore imports and made avail- able only by our Atlantic seaboard and subject to attack by undersea craft. There are certain vital materials that we must obtain from overseas, such as bauxite, petroleum, copper, and uranium ore which will tax our merchant marine resources and convoy duty. It would be folly to make one-half of our steel pro- duction and scores of other vital and critical essentials needed in war and peacetime dependent upon off-shore re- sources thousands of miles removed from the continent of North America. There are sources of ore development on the continent in addition to Minne- sota, Labrador, and eastern Quebec and Ontario. The development of the St. Lawrence seaway is an absolute necessity to bring Quebec and Labrador inland ore to our Great Lakes steel industry as well as to our eastern mills in large quan- tities. The resolution I have introduced dif- fers only slightly frem the one I spon- sored in the Eighty-first Congress and upon which the House Public Works Committee held extensive hearings. There are certain revisions in section 2, which takes cognizance of the fact that the Niagara Treaty of Canada takes care of the expense of casual interest in the negotiation of this treaty. In section 3, relating to tolls, passen- ger traffic is included along with cargo in the application of tolls. A maximum of 50 cents a short ton is passed upon bulk agricultural and mineral cargoes. The reason for this is that very large amounts of iron ore, coal, grain, and petroleum are expected to use the sea- way and the revenues at a maximum of 50 cents a short ton would be enough to meet all the costs of the seaway includ- ing interest and amortization of prin- cipal. In section 5, which calls for the trans- fer of the power facilities to the State of New York upon payment of the cost of the powerhouse, plus a share of the joint cost of power and navigation, one of the conditions of transfer has been expanded to spell out a policy that has been under- stood in administration circles that New England would share in the St. Lawrence power. It must be understood that any arrangement worked out by the execu- tive departments will have to be sub- mitted to the Congress for approval. I call upon my colleagues from New York and New England, regardless of party, to support this bill because there is cheap power for them in it. I call upon my colleagues from the Middle West and the agricultural States because it is es- sential for continued prosperity and ex- pansion of agriculture and industry. I know that certain selfish and influ- ential groups are opposed to this proj- ect. Eastern railroads, particularly those serving Boston, New York, Phila- delphia, and Baltamore are opposed to it because they hope to gain by stopping this low-cost competitive transportation project. I know that the power com- panies, too, in New York and New Eng- land are opposed to it because of the competitive effect of this low-cost power. I am sure, however, that my colleagues from those areas conscious of the source of this opposition will put national in- terest and the welfare of their constitu- ents above misplaced fears of these east- ern power and railroad companies. Let me emphasize that completion of the St. Lawrence deep waterway will not only make of the Great Lakes States deep seaports of international impor- tance, but will guarantee the perma- nence and growth of industry. More than that, it will preserve and make pos- sible the expansion of the great defense potential so essential to our national ex- istence. Significantly, the national in- terest, and more particularly that of the Lake States, is not centered upon power development or navigation alone, con- A89 tiguous States, particularly those produc- ing farm products of various kinds, cat- tle and grain, and even minerals, will be assured of cheap competitive freight rates which will project their products of mills, factories, and mines along with the fruits of our agricultural States into the markets of the world. It will add prosperity to industry, banks, railroads, and to the millions of workers throughout the length and breadth of the land. It will stimulate not alone industry and agriculture but railroads and other forms of transpor- ation, A Mother’s Plea EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. S. J. CRUMPACKER, JR. OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, January 9, 1951 Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker, - under leav to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I wish to include the following letter from a Souta Bend, Ind., mother, which is typical of the mail I am receiv- ing from distraught par:nts in my dis- trict who are deeply concerned over the present foreign situat:on: SourH BENp, IND., January 4, 1951, Hon. Congressman CRUMPACKER: We mothers of this country want this needless slaughter of our sons to cease. Don't they have a right to happiness, edu- cation, und marriage, as you and I? I have two wonderful sons who I have cared for tenderly, and love, and if you could sit for 1 hour and hear them talk of the dismal, hopeless future which is no fault of their own but is caused by the blunder- ing present adult generation. If our own country was attacked, we would all want to fight, but to keep sending our fine boys across the ocean every few years to fight their battles is sheer madness, What has it ever gained? People are growing very, very bitter. One commentator I heard recently said, and I quote, ‘‘We have made commitments which we must live up to; we must not lose faith with the rest of the world.” To which I say, What utter nonsense. I ask you, How much have other countries considered us? They want our money and our protection, but what have they done, or are doing? They haven't even tried to pro- tect themselves. But, of course, our Ameri- can boys must spill their lifeblood over Eu- rope, sent over like cattle to be slaughtered. My husband and I agree with former President Hoover, and many people believe as we do. My husband is a physician and talks to many people in the course of a day and, believe me, people want something drastic done about this present foreign polley. Do not give the President any more power, He already has had too much; and what ter- rible mistakes he has caused. What a pity for this Nation that we could not have a real man and statesman as our leader. I ask you, Congressman CRUMPACKER, 28 our Representative, to do all in your power to prevent these past foolish policies from being carried out further. We mothers are praying for you and are looking to you for help. Sincerely, Mrs, D. W. Frasx,