IIB 
116TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4644 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
NOVEMBER 30, 2020 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 
AN ACT 
To clarify United States policy toward Libya, advance a 
diplomatic solution to the conflict in Libya, and support 
the people of Libya. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Libya Stabilization Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings; statement of policy. 
TITLE I—IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES TO STABILITY IN LIBYA 
Sec. 101. Report on activities of certain foreign governments and actors in 
Libya. 
Sec. 102. Report of Russian activities and objectives in Libya. 
Sec. 103. Determination of sanctionable activities of the Libyan National Army 
with respect to Syria. 
TITLE II—ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN 
LIBYA 
Sec. 201. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons leading, directing, or sup-
porting certain foreign government involvement in Libya. 
Sec. 202. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons threatening the peace or 
stability of Libya. 
Sec. 203. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons who are responsible for or 
complicit in gross violations of internationally recognized 
human rights committed in Libya. 
Sec. 204. Sanctions described. 
Sec. 205. Waiver. 
Sec. 206. Implementation and regulatory authority. 
Sec. 207. Exception relating to importation of goods. 
Sec. 208. Definitions. 
Sec. 209. Suspension of sanctions. 
Sec. 210. Sunset. 
TITLE III—ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA 
Sec. 301. Humanitarian relief for the people of Libya and international refu-
gees and migrants in Libya. 
Sec. 302. Support for democratic governance, elections, and civil society. 
Sec. 303. Engaging international financial institutions to advance Libyan eco-
nomic recovery and improve public sector financial manage-
ment. 
Sec. 304. Recovering assets stolen from the Libyan people. 
TITLE IV—DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS 
Sec. 401. Determination of budgetary effects. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS; STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) The stability and territorial unity of Libya 
is critical to the security of the United States, Eu-
rope, North Africa, and the Sahel, as well as mari-
time routes in the southern Mediterranean Sea. 
(2) 
United 
States 
Africa 
Command 
(AFRICOM) identifies containing instability in 
Libya as one of its six main lines of effort in Africa 
and works to support diplomatic efforts to reconsti-
tute the Libyan State and to disrupt terrorist orga-
nizations that impede that process or threaten 
United States interests. 
(3) According to the Defense Intelligence Agen-
cy, the Islamic State in Libya (ISIS-Libya) is ‘‘de-
graded’’. However, Secretary of Defense Mark Esper 
said in November 2019 that there is a continued 
need for lethal operations to keep ISIS-Libya in a 
degraded state. 
(4) On April 4, 2019, Khalifa Haftar, the com-
mander of the Libyan National Army (LNA) or-
dered forces loyal to him to begin a unilateral mili-
tary operation to take control of Tripoli, the capital 
of Libya and seat of the Government of National Ac-
cord (GNA), an interim body that emerged from 
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previous United Nations-backed negotiations which 
the United States Government and the United Na-
tions Security Council have recognized since 2015. 
(5) Both the LNA, the GNA, and their associ-
ated forces have failed to observe their obligations 
under international humanitarian law, increased the 
geographic scope of the conflict, ignored calls for de- 
escalation and a ceasefire, recruited foreign merce-
naries, and intensified ground and air campaigns 
using heavy weapons, aircraft, and reportedly using 
armed drones provided by foreign powers. 
(6) According to then-United Nations Special 
Representative and Head of the United Nations 
Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL), Ghassan 
Salame´, weapons provided by foreign powers to the 
warring parties in violation of the United Nations 
arms embargo are being sold to or captured by ter-
rorist groups active in Libya. 
(7) According to the United Nations, since the 
LNA offensive began in April 2019, the conflict in 
Libya has led to the deaths of more than 2,200 peo-
ple and the displacement of more than 150,000 peo-
ple. 
(8) All sides of the conflict have requisitioned 
the houses of civilians, targeted medical facilities, 
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and inhibited humanitarian access to food, health, 
and other life-saving services, worsening humani-
tarian conditions. 
(9) More than 2,200 refugees and migrants are 
detained in detention facilities in Libya with serious 
risks of torture, starvation, sexual abuse, and death. 
On July 2, 2019, an airstrike against the Tajura 
Detention Center killed 53 and wounded 130 people 
trapped in the center. The United Nations has called 
for the immediate release, evacuation, and protection 
of refugees and migrants detained in conflict zones. 
(10) The Department of State’s 2020 Traf-
ficking in Persons Report states with regard to 
Libya, ‘‘Trafficking victims—including men, women, 
and children—are highly vulnerable to extreme vio-
lence and other human rights violations in Libya by 
governmental and non-state armed groups, includ-
ing: physical, sexual, and verbal assault; abduction 
for ransom; extortion; arbitrary killings; inhumane 
detention; and child soldiering. . .Migrants in Libya 
are extremely vulnerable to sex and labor trafficking 
[and . . .] are vulnerable to exploitation by state 
and non-state actors, including employers who refuse 
to pay laborers’ wages.’’. 
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(11) In November 2019, the GNA and the Gov-
ernment of Turkey signed a Memorandum of Under-
standing on maritime boundaries in the Mediterra-
nean Sea. 
(12) According to a July 2020 Department of 
Defense Inspector General report, the Wagner 
Group, a Russian private military company, has de-
ployed as many as 2,500 mercenary forces, including 
some Syrian fighters, advanced equipment, and ad-
vanced capabilities to support the LNA and Russian 
objectives in North Africa. 
(13) According to a July 2020 Department of 
Defense Inspector General report, ‘‘Turkey’s presi-
dent acknowledged that his country sent many Syr-
ian militants to Libya to support the Government of 
National Accord (GNA). . ..USAFRICOM esti-
mated that 3,500 Syrian mercenaries were in Libya 
supporting the GNA as of the end of March. Citing 
press reports, USAFRICOM stated that an addi-
tional 300 Turkish-supported ‘Syrian opposition’ 
fighters arrived in Libya in early April.’’. 
(14) In January 2020, LNA-aligned forces shut 
down oil production in eastern Libya, which accord-
ing to the United Nations threatens devastating con-
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sequences for the Libyan people and for the coun-
try’s economic and financial situation. 
(15) On January 19, 2020, at a peace con-
ference in Berlin, representatives of the Govern-
ments of Algeria, China, Egypt, France, Germany, 
Italy, Russia, Turkey, the Republic of Congo, the 
United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and 
the United States, as well as regional and multilat-
eral organizations, agreed to refrain from inter-
ference in Libya’s internal affairs, abide by the 
United Nations arms embargo, and advance a 55- 
point communique to resolve the conflict in Libya. 
(16) On January 30, 2020, then-United Na-
tions Special Representative Salame´ asserted, ‘‘the 
warring parties have continued to receive advanced 
equipment, fighters, and advisors from foreign 
states, in violation of the UN arms embargo and 
pledges made by representatives of these countries in 
Berlin’’. 
(17) On February 12, 2020, the United States 
Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Af-
fairs testified before the Senate Foreign Relations 
Committee, ‘‘The task of bringing the Libyans back 
to the negotiating table has been complicated by the 
involvement of external actors. Libya is not the place 
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for Russian mercenaries, or fighters from Syria, 
Chad, and Sudan. It is not the place for the 
Emiratis, Russians, or Turks to be fighting battles 
on the ground through intermediaries they sponsor 
or support with sophisticated and deadly equipment 
in pursuit of their own agendas.’’. 
(18) On February 13, 2020, the United Na-
tions Security Council adopted Resolution 2510, 
which endorses the Conclusions of the International 
Conference on Libya held in Berlin, affirms the need 
for a lasting ceasefire, demands full compliance by 
all member states with the United Nations arms em-
bargo, and expresses unequivocal support for the 
United Nations Special Representative and the ongo-
ing UNSMIL-facilitated intra-Libyan dialogue. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to advance a peaceful resolution to the con-
flict in Libya through a political process as the best 
way to secure United States interests, ensure a sta-
ble and unified Libya, reduce the threat of ter-
rorism, and provide peace and opportunity to the 
Libyan people; 
(2) to support the implementation of United 
Nations Security Council Resolutions 1970 (2011) 
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and 1973 (2011), which established an arms embar-
go on Libya, and subsequent resolutions modifying 
and extending the embargo; 
(3) to enforce Executive Order 13726 (81 Fed. 
Reg. 23559; relating to blocking property and sus-
pending entry into the United States of persons con-
tributing to the situation in Libya (April 19, 2016)), 
designed to target individuals or entities who 
‘‘threaten the peace, security, and stability of 
Libya’’; 
(4) to oppose attacks on civilians, medical work-
ers, and critical infrastructure, including water sup-
plies, in Libya, and to support accountability for 
those engaged in such heinous actions; 
(5) to support Libya’s sovereignty, independ-
ence, territorial integrity, and national unity con-
sistent with United Nations Security Council Resolu-
tion 2510 (2020) and all predecessor resolutions 
with respect to Libya, including by— 
(A) taking action to end the violence and 
flow of arms; 
(B) rejecting attempts by any party to il-
licitly export Libya’s oil; and 
(C) urging Libyan parties to eject foreign 
military and mercenary forces; 
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(6) to leverage diplomatic relations to convince 
the parties to the conflict in Libya to immediately 
de-escalate and halt their current fighting and per-
suade foreign powers to stop providing personnel, in-
cluding mercenaries, weapons, and financing that ex-
acerbate the conflict; 
(7) to support building on the Libyan Political 
Agreement as a viable framework for the political so-
lution in Libya and to urge all Libyan parties to re-
sume the inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan-owned po-
litical process under the auspices of UNSMIL; 
(8) to support a negotiated and peaceful polit-
ical solution that includes a single, unified, inclusive, 
and effective Libyan Government approved by the 
Libyan House of Representatives, the end of a tran-
sitional period achieved through free, fair, inclusive, 
and credible elections, a fair and transparent alloca-
tion of resources, interim security arrangements, 
and a process for the reunification of Libyan govern-
ment ministries and Libyan sovereign institutions, 
including the Central Bank of Libya, the National 
Oil Corporation, and the Libyan Investment Author-
ity; 
(9) to support constant, unimpeded, and reli-
able humanitarian access to those in need and to 
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hold accountable those who impede or threaten the 
delivery of humanitarian assistance; 
(10) to seek to bring an end to trafficking in 
persons such as slavery, forced labor, and sexual ex-
ploitation, including with respect to migrants; 
(11) to advocate for the immediate release and 
safe evacuations of detained refugees and migrants 
trapped by the fighting in Libya; 
(12) 
to 
encourage 
implementation 
of 
UNSMIL’s plan for the organized and gradual clo-
sure of migrant detention centers in Libya; 
(13) to support current and future democratic 
and economic development; and 
(14) to discourage all parties from heightening 
tensions in the region, through unhelpful and pro-
vocative actions. 
TITLE 
I—IDENTIFYING 
CHAL-
LENGES 
TO 
STABILITY 
IN 
LIBYA 
SEC. 101. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN FOREIGN 
GOVERNMENTS AND ACTORS IN LIBYA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, 
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shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report that includes— 
(1) a description of the full extent of involve-
ment in Libya by foreign governments, including the 
Governments of Russia, Turkey, the United Arab 
Emirates, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, China, Saudi Ara-
bia, and Qatar, including— 
(A) a description of which governments are 
linked to drone and aircraft strikes; 
(B) a list of the types and estimated 
amounts of equipment transferred by each gov-
ernment described in this paragraph to the par-
ties to the conflict, including foreign military 
contractors, mercenaries, or paramilitary forces 
operating in Libya; and 
(C) an estimate of the financial support 
provided by each government described in this 
paragraph to the parties to the conflict, includ-
ing foreign military contractors, mercenaries, or 
paramilitary forces operating in Libya; 
(2) an analysis and determination of whether 
the actions by the governments described in para-
graph (1) violate the arms embargo with respect to 
Libya under United Nations Security Council Reso-
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