IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 341 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that it is important 
to maintain cash as a robust and viable payment option. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 28, 2023 
Mr. ROSE (for himself, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. DAVIDSON, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, 
Mr. POSEY, Ms. CLARKE of New York, Mr. MOONEY, Mr. TORRES of 
New York, Mr. GOTTHEIMER, Mr. CARTER of Louisiana, Mr. SOTO, Mr. 
POCAN, Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Ms. TLAIB, Mr. 
CARSON, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Ms. GARCIA of Texas, Ms. LEE of Cali-
fornia, Ms. BUSH, Mr. NORCROSS, Mr. KHANNA, Mr. MFUME, and Mr. 
GRIJALVA) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Financial Services 
RESOLUTION 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that 
it is important to maintain cash as a robust and viable 
payment option. 
Whereas it is declared in section 5103 of title 31, United 
States Code, that ‘‘United States coins and currency . . . 
are legal tender for all debts, public charges, taxes, and 
dues’’; 
Whereas the following legend, accordingly, is inscribed on the 
face of all circulating notes issued by the United States 
Treasury: ‘‘THIS NOTE IS LEGAL TENDER FOR 
ALL DEBTS, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE’’; 
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•HRES 341 IH 
Whereas growing numbers of businesses refuse to accept cash 
offered in payment by their customers across the United 
States; 
Whereas being able to pay with cash is of particular impor-
tance to those consumers who value their privacy and the 
security of their financial information, and who also pre-
fer to pay with cash because doing so is simple, straight-
forward, fiscally responsible, and, for those who prefer, 
completely anonymous; 
Whereas requiring customers to exclusively use noncash pay-
ment methods needlessly puts at risk their confidential 
personal financial information; 
Whereas the widespread collection, sale, and resale of such 
data and information can expose consumers’ financial in-
formation to the risk of data breaches that can result in 
identity theft, fraud, and other wrongful conduct that, 
every year, cause millions of dollars in losses to con-
sumers as well as to retailers, processors, networks, and 
other intermediaries; 
Whereas, according to data published by the Federal Deposit 
Insurance Corporation (FDIC), nearly 1 in 5—18.6 per-
cent—of United States households have no regular access 
to forms of payment other than cash; 
Whereas the FDIC has reported that in 2021, approximately 
5,900,000 households were unbanked; 
Whereas unbanked rates were higher among lower income 
households, less-educated households, Black households, 
Hispanic households, working-age households with a dis-
ability, and single-mother households; and 
Whereas Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell testified be-
fore the House Financial Services Committee on March 
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•HRES 341 IH 
8, 2023, that cash is ‘‘absolutely critical because there 
are people who don’t have credit cards’’ and that ‘‘when 
stores are not dealing with people who don’t have credit 
cards, it’s a serious problem’’: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Rep-
resentatives that it is important to maintain cash as a ro-
bust and viable payment option. 
Æ 
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