I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6172 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk sales of ammunition, 
promote recordkeeping and reporting about ammunition, end ammunition 
straw purchasing, and require a background check before the transfer 
of ammunition by certain Federal firearms licensees to non-licensees. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 2, 2023 
Mr. ROBERT GARCIA of California (for himself and Ms. WASSERMAN 
SCHULTZ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk 
sales of ammunition, promote recordkeeping and report-
ing about ammunition, end ammunition straw pur-
chasing, and require a background check before the 
transfer of ammunition by certain Federal firearms li-
censees to non-licensees. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ammunition Mod-
ernization and Monitoring Oversight Act’’ or the ‘‘AMMO 
Act’’. 
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(2) in each of subparagraphs (B)(iii) and 
(C)(ii), by inserting ‘‘, or of ammunition,’’ after 
‘‘firearms’’. 
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON STRAW PURCHASE OF AMMUNI-
TION. 
Section 932 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended in each of subsections (b) and (c)(2), by insert-
ing ‘‘or ammunition’’ after ‘‘firearm’’ each place it ap-
pears. 
SEC. 5. RESTRICTION ON BULK AMMUNITION SALES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(aa)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person licensed 
under this chapter to transfer to a person not so li-
censed— 
‘‘(A) more than 100 rounds of .50 caliber am-
munition or more than 1,000 rounds of any other 
caliber of ammunition in any period of 5 consecutive 
days; or 
‘‘(B) any ammunition if— 
‘‘(i) the transferee has not provided to the 
transferor a written certification, signed by the 
transferee, attesting that the purchase of the 
ammunition would not result in the transferee 
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having acquired more than 100 rounds of .50 
caliber ammunition or more than 1,000 rounds 
of any other caliber of ammunition, in the 5- 
day period ending with the date of the transfer; 
or 
‘‘(ii) the transferor knows or has reason to 
believe that the transfer would result in the 
transferee having acquired more than 100 
rounds of .50 caliber ammunition or more than 
1,000 rounds of any other caliber of ammuni-
tion, in the 5-day period ending with the date 
of the transfer. 
‘‘(2)(A) It shall be unlawful for a person licensed 
under this chapter to transfer ammunition to a person not 
so licensed, unless the transferee— 
‘‘(i) has presented to the licensee a valid identi-
fication document (as defined in section 1028(d)) on 
which appears— 
‘‘(I) the name and address of the trans-
feree; 
‘‘(II) a number unique to the transferee; 
and 
‘‘(III) the signature of the transferee; and 
‘‘(ii) has entered the name, address, and signa-
ture of the transferee on, and otherwise completed, 
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such form as the Attorney General shall prescribe, 
which shall include the written certification de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(B), and a statement of the 
penalties for violating this subsection. 
‘‘(B) It shall be unlawful for any person in connection 
with the purchase or attempted purchase of ammunition 
to knowingly make any false or fictitious oral or written 
statement or to furnish or exhibit any false, fictitious, or 
misrepresented identification, intended or likely to deceive 
the seller with respect to any fact material to the lawful-
ness of the sale of the ammunition under this chapter. 
‘‘(C)(i) Within 30 calendar days after the date a per-
son licensed under this chapter transfers ammunition in 
a transaction subject to paragraph (1), the licensee shall 
transmit to the Attorney General a paper or electronic 
copy of the form completed by the transferee pursuant to 
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. 
‘‘(ii) The Attorney General shall determine, on the 
basis of the forms transmitted pursuant to clause (i) of 
this subparagraph, whether a transfer of ammunition has 
been made in violation of paragraph (1)(A). 
‘‘(iii) Within 60 days after receipt of a form pursuant 
to clause (i), the Attorney General shall destroy the form 
unless the form is needed in an ongoing bona fide criminal 
investigation or prosecution. 
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‘‘(D) A licensee who transfers ammunition in a trans-
action subject to paragraph (1) shall keep the form re-
ferred to in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph in paper 
or electronic form for not fewer than 2 years.’’. 
(b) PENALTIES.—Section 924(a) of such title is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(9)(A) A person licensed under this chapter who 
knowingly violates paragraph (1) or (2)(A) of section 
922(aa) shall be fined not less than $50,000 and not more 
than $250,000, and— 
‘‘(i) in the case of the 2nd such violation by the 
person, the person shall be prohibited from selling a 
firearm or ammunition for 60 days; or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of the 3rd such violation by the 
person, all licenses issued to the person under this 
chapter shall be revoked. 
‘‘(B) A person who knowingly violates section 
922(aa)(2)(B) shall be— 
‘‘(i) fined not more than— 
‘‘(I) $20,000, in the case of the 1st such 
violation by the person; or 
‘‘(II) $50,000, in the case of any subse-
quent such violation by the person; 
‘‘(ii) imprisoned not more than 5 years; or 
‘‘(iii) both. 
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‘‘(C) Whoever knowingly violates subparagraph (C)(i) 
or (D) of section 922(aa)(2) shall be fined not more than 
$10,000.’’. 
(c) SIGNAGE REQUIREMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 923(g) of such title 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) Each person licensed under this chapter shall 
post at the premises of the licensee subject to the license 
a sign on which there is set forth, in accordance with regu-
lations prescribed by the Attorney General— 
‘‘(A) a summary of paragraphs (1) and (2)(B) 
of section 922(aa), and the penalties for making 
false statements on a written certification made pur-
suant to section 922(aa)(1)(B)(i); and 
‘‘(B) a summary of the provisions of section 
932 relating to ammunition, and the penalties for 
violating those provisions.’’. 
(2) PENALTY.—Section 924 of such title is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(q) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FAILURE OF LICENSEE TO 
POST
SIGN
ABOUT
RESTRICTIONS
ON
AMMUNITION 
SALES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) CIVIL
PENALTY.—With respect to 
each violation of section 923(g)(8) by a person 
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licensed under this chapter, the Attorney Gen-
eral may, after notice and opportunity for hear-
ing, subject the licensee to a civil penalty in an 
amount equal to $10,000. 
‘‘(B) REVIEW.—An action under this para-
graph may be reviewed only as provided under 
section 923(f). 
‘‘(2) ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES.—The imposi-
tion of a civil penalty under paragraph (1) shall not 
preclude any administrative remedy that is otherwise 
available to the Attorney General.’’. 
SEC. 6. BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIRED BEFORE TRANS-
FER OF AMMUNITION BY CERTAIN FEDERAL 
FIREARMS LICENSEES TO NON-LICENSEES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (s) and redesignating 
subsection (t) as subsection (s); 
(2) in subsection (s) (as so redesignated)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(B)(i), by inserting 
‘‘indicating that the receipt of a firearm or am-
munition by such other person would not violate 
subsection (g) or (n) of this section, or State, 
local, or Tribal law’’ before the semicolon; 
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(B) in paragraph (3)(C)(ii), by striking 
‘‘(as defined in subsection (s)(8))’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) In this subsection, the term ‘chief law enforce-
ment officer’ means the chief of police, the sheriff, or an 
equivalent officer or the designee of any such individual.’’; 
and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (s) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(t)(1) A licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or 
licensed dealer shall not transfer ammunition to another 
person not licensed under this chapter, unless— 
‘‘(A) before the completion of the transfer, the 
licensee contacts the national instant criminal back-
ground check system established under section 103 
of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act; 
‘‘(B) the system provides the licensee with a 
unique identification number indicating that— 
‘‘(i) the receipt of a firearm or ammunition 
by such other person would not violate sub-
section (g) or (n) of this section, or State, local, 
or Tribal law; and 
‘‘(ii) if such other person has not attained 
21 years of age, that a transfer of a firearm or 
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ammunition to such other person would not vio-
late subsection (d) of this section; and 
‘‘(C) the licensee has verified the identity of 
such other person by examining a valid identification 
document (as defined in section 1028(d) of this title) 
of such other person containing a photograph of 
such other person. 
‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an ammunition 
transfer between a licensee and another person if— 
‘‘(A) such other person has presented to the li-
censee a permit that— 
‘‘(i) allows such other person to possess or 
acquire ammunition, or to possess or acquire a 
firearm; and 
‘‘(ii) was issued not more than 5 years ear-
lier by the State in which the transfer is to take 
place; and 
‘‘(B) the law of the State provides that such a 
permit is to be issued only after an authorized gov-
ernment official has verified that the information 
available to such official does not indicate that pos-
session of ammunition by such other person would 
be in violation of law. 
‘‘(3) Paragraphs (2) and (4) through (7) of sub-
section (s) shall apply with respect to ammunition trans-
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fers pursuant to this subsection in the same manner in 
which such paragraphs apply with respect to firearm 
transfers. 
‘‘(4) It shall be unlawful for a licensed importer, li-
censed manufacturer, or licensed dealer to transfer posses-
sion of ammunition to another person not so licensed un-
less the licensee has provided such other person with a 
notice of the prohibition under paragraph (1), and such 
other person has certified that such other person has been 
provided with this notice on a form prescribed by the At-
torney General.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) SECTION
922.—Section 922(y)(2) of title 
18, United States Code, is amended, in the matter 
preceding 
subparagraph 
(A), 
by 
striking 
‘‘, 
(g)(5)(B), and (s)(3)(B)(v)(II)’’ and inserting ‘‘and 
(g)(5)(B)’’. 
(2) CONSOLIDATED AND FURTHER CONTINUING 
APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2012.—Section 511 of title V 
of division B of the Consolidated and Further Con-
tinuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (34 U.S.C. 40901 
note) is amended by striking ‘‘subsection 922(t)’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘subsection (s) 
or (t) of section 922’’. 
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(c) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion, or any amendment made by this section, shall be con-
strued to— 
(1) authorize the establishment, directly or indi-
rectly, of a national firearms or ammunition reg-
istry; or 
(2) interfere with the authority of a State, 
under section 927 of title 18, United States Code, 
to enact a law on the same subject matter as this 
section. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF INCREASED FUNDING FOR 
THE NICS SYSTEM.—In addition to any amount other-
wise authorized to be appropriated for the background 
check system established under section 103 of the Brady 
Handgun Violence Prevention Act, there are authorized to 
be appropriated not more than $150,000,000 for upgrad-
ing and maintaining the system. 
SEC. 7. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 
Within 6 months after the effective date of this Act 
and annually thereafter, the Director of the Bureau of Al-
cohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives shall prepare, 
publish in the Federal Register, and otherwise make avail-
able to the public a report on the violations of section 
922(aa) of title 18, United States Code, that occurred dur-
ing the period covered by the report, and the information 
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reported pursuant to paragraph (2)(C) of such section (in-
cluding geographic data, total sales data, crime statistics, 
information on repeat offenders, or caliber types involved) 
during the period covered by the report, which shall in-
clude an identification of any trend in the violations or 
information that Federal, State, or local law enforcement 
authorities may find useful. 
SEC. 8. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall 
take effect on the 120th day after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act. 
Æ 
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