(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
(iii) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; 
and 
(iv) $40,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2028 through 2033. 
(3) TREATMENT.—Amounts made available 
under paragraph (1) shall be available for obligation 
in the same manner as if those amounts were appor-
tioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States 
Code. 
TITLE VII—ENVIRONMENTAL 
PROTECTION AGENCY 
SEC. 701. OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRA-
TION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, acting through 
the Assistant Administrator of Research and Devel-
opment (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Assistant 
Administrator’’), shall carry out research, develop-
ment, and demonstration activities in each of the 
areas described in this subsection. 
(2) DIRECT AIR CAPTURE ENVIRONMENTAL IM-
PACTS.—The Assistant Administrator shall carry out 
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a lifecycle assessment of the environmental impacts 
of direct air capture, including— 
(A) greenhouse gas emissions; 
(B) air and water pollutants; 
(C) water use; and 
(D) land use. 
(3) PRESERVATION OF HARVESTED WOOD.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Adminis-
trator shall design and conduct a demonstration 
of landfills for woody biomass disposal and car-
bon storage; 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Assistant Ad-
ministrator shall carry out the activities de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) in collaboration 
with the Chief of the Forest Service. 
(4) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF 
MINERALIZATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Adminis-
trator shall conduct research on the environ-
mental impacts of mineralization, including 
broadcasting materials, disturbing piles of mine 
tailings, and expanded mining activities. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Assistant Ad-
ministrator shall carry out the activities de-
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scribed in subparagraph (A) in collaboration 
with— 
(i) the Director of the National 
Science Foundation; 
(ii) the Director of the United States 
Geological Survey; and 
(iii) the Assistant Secretary for Fossil 
Energy and Carbon Management of the 
Department of Energy. 
(5) RESEARCH ON DECISION SCIENCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Adminis-
trator shall conduct research on decision 
science, social impacts, and public engagement 
on carbon dioxide removal technologies and 
methods. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Assistant Ad-
ministrator shall carry out the activities de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) in collaboration 
with— 
(i) the Director of the National 
Science Foundation; and 
(ii) the Assistant Secretary for Fossil 
Energy and Carbon Management of the 
Department of Energy. 
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(6) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF 
BIOMASS USE IN CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL TECH-
NOLOGIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Adminis-
trator shall carry out a life cycle analysis of the 
impact of biomass use in carbon dioxide re-
moval technologies, including— 
(i) emissions sequestered in materials; 
(ii) emissions impacts of biomass har-
vest, processing, and transportation; 
(iii) unintended disturbances to eco-
system carbon stocks; 
(iv) indirect land-use change; and 
(v) alternative fates of biomass used. 
(B) CONSIDERATION.—In carrying out the 
analysis under subparagraph (A), the Assistant 
Administrator shall consider the social impacts 
of air pollution relating to biofuel and biomass 
combustion. 
(C) COLLABORATION.—The Assistant Ad-
ministrator shall carry out the activities de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) and (B) in col-
laboration with the Assistant Secretary for En-
ergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the 
Department of Energy. 
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(7) LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING 
FOR
MINERALIZATION.—The Assistant Adminis-
trator shall carry out a technoeconomic and lifecycle 
assessment of various mineralization pathways and 
research on protocols for monitoring and verification 
of carbon removed or sequestered through min-
eralization. 
(8) OTHER ACTIVITIES.—The Assistant Admin-
istrator shall carry out other carbon dioxide removal 
research, development, and demonstration activities, 
as determined by the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this 
section— 
(1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(2) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(3) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
(4) $32,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 
and 2028; 
(5) $34,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 
and 2030; 
(6) $31,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2031 
and 2032; and 
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(7) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2033. 
TITLE 
VIII—NATIONAL 
AERO-
NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMIN-
ISTRATION 
SEC. 801. EARTH SCIENCE DIVISION PROGRAM. 
(a) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRA-
TION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Administrator’’) 
shall carry out research, development, and dem-
onstration activities in each of the areas described in 
this subsection. 
(2) ABOVEGROUND CARBON MONITORING.—The 
Administrator shall carry out a long-term collection 
of continuous spaceborne LiDAR data to measure 
and track carbon stocks and carbon cycling in above-
ground biomass, through extension of the Global 
Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation mission, or 
through other missions with similar or improved ca-
pacity. 
(3) RESOURCE ASSESSMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall carry out mapping and evaluation of 
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coastal marine ecosystems for carbon dioxide 
removal potential, including— 
(i) wetlands; 
(ii) peatlands; and 
(iii) seagrass beds. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Administrator 
shall carry out the activities described in sub-
paragraph (A) in collaboration with the Admin-
istrator of the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration. 
(4) OTHER
ACTIVITIES.—The Administrator 
shall carry out other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, development, and demonstration activities, as 
determined by the Administrator. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to 
carry out this section— 
(1) $53,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
and 2025; and 
(2) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
through 2033. 
TITLE IX—NATIONAL SCIENCE 
FOUNDATION 
SEC. 901. DIRECTORATE FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the areas described in this sub-
section. 
(2) GENETIC MODELING AND TOOLS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research to improve carbon 
dioxide uptake and conversion through genetic 
manipulation of biological materials for carbon 
dioxide removal and utilization and research on 
the potential ecological impacts of those im-
provements. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
(i) the Director of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy; 
(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture; and 
(iii) the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(3) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation. 
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(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry 
out this section— 
(1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(2) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
(3) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
through 2033. 
SEC. 902. DIRECTORATE FOR ENGINEERING. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the following areas described in 
this subsection. 
(2) INTEGRATED PROCESS DESIGN.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research and development on 
the integration of carbonation with carbon diox-
ide capture processes. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Assistant 
Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Man-
agement of the Department of Energy. 
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(3) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry 
out this section— 
(1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(2) $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
through 2033. 
SEC. 903. DIRECTORATE FOR GEOSCIENCES. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the following areas described in 
this subsection. 
(2) SOIL CARBON.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for fundamental research on 
plant-root-fungi interactions, deep inversion of 
soils, and other topics with the potential to ad-
vance carbon dioxide removal. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
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(i) the Director of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy; and 
(ii) the Administrator of the Agricul-
tural Research Service. 
(3) MODELING AND PREDICTIVE TOOL DEVEL-
OPMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research to improve existing 
carbon sequestration modeling tools and the de-
velopment of simulation-based tools to predict 
and quantify soil carbon sequestration. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
(i) the Administrator of the Agricul-
tural Research Service; and 
(ii) the heads of other offices in the 
Department of Agriculture, as determined 
by the Secretary of Agriculture. 
(4) CARBON MINERALIZATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for fundamental research on 
mineralization 
kinetics, 
geomechanics, 
rock 
physics, and utilization-oriented carbonation 
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with the potential to advance carbon dioxide re-
moval. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Director of 
the Office of Science of the Department of En-
ergy. 
(5) PILOT STUDIES OF IN SITU MINERALIZA-
TION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for field drilling and injection in 
reactive formations (including peridotite and 
basalt) to advance understanding of carbon 
mineralization. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Assistant 
Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Man-
agement of the Department of Energy. 
(6) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF 
EXPANDED MINING FOR MINERALIZATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research on the environ-
mental and social impacts of expanded mining 
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activities for the purpose of mineralization, in-
cluding net carbon impact. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
(i) the Director of the United States 
Geological Survey; 
(ii) the Assistant Administrator for 
Research and Development of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency; and 
(iii) the Assistant Secretary for Office 
of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management 
of the Department of Energy. 
(7) COASTAL MARINE CARBON FUNDAMENTAL 
RESEARCH.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for fundamental research on 
coastal ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
(8) OCEAN ALKALINITY.— 
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(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for fundamental and applied re-
search on techniques for and impacts of artifi-
cial modification of ocean alkalinity, including 
limited-scale experiments on alkalinity enhance-
ment techniques at sea, designed and monitored 
to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experi-
ment and within internationally recognized 
frameworks. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
(i) the Director of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy; and 
(ii) the Administrator of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
(9) OCEAN FERTILIZATION FUNDAMENTAL RE-
SEARCH.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for fundamental research and 
modeling on the impacts and effectiveness of 
ocean iron fertilization and nitrogen and phos-
phorous fertilization research. 
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(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
(i) the Director of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy; and 
(ii) the Administrator of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
(10) ARTIFICIAL
OCEAN
IRON
FERTILIZA-
TION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for limited-scale experiments to 
stimulate and measure large phytoplankton 
blooms, designed and monitored to avoid im-
pacts beyond the zone of the experiment and 
within internationally recognized frameworks. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
(11) ARTIFICIAL OCEAN MACRONUTRIENT FER-
TILIZATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for limited-scale experiments on 
ocean macronutrient fertilization, designed and 
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monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of 
the experiment and within internationally recog-
nized frameworks. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
(12) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry 
out this section— 
(1) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(2) $34,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(3) $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
(4) $73,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 
and 2028; 
(5) $68,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 
and 2030; 
(6) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2031; and 
(7) $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2032 
and 2033. 
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SEC. 904. DIRECTORATE FOR MATHEMATICAL AND PHYS-
ICAL SCIENCES. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the following areas described in 
this subsection. 
(2) NSF ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER.— 
The Director shall establish a new National Science 
Foundation Engineering Research Center focused on 
materials research and early-stage application of 
sorbents, solvents, membranes, and related direct air 
capture components. 
(3) DIRECT
AIR
CAPTURE
MATERIALS
RE-
SEARCH.—The Director shall award funding for ma-
terials research on sorbents, solvents, membranes, 
and related direct air capture components. 
(4) CARBONATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award 
funding 
for 
research 
to 
control 
carbonation reactions, accelerate carbonation, 
and understand structure-property relation-
ships. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
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graph (A) in collaboration with the Director of 
the Office of Science of the Department of En-
ergy. 
(5) CATALYSTS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research on impurity-tolerant 
catalyst development, coupled reduction and ox-
idation reactions, and reduced additives. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Director of 
the Office of Science of the Department of En-
ergy. 
(6) NEW MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT AND AP-
PLICATIONS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for development of new mate-
rials for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide, 
including materials with carbon-carbon bonds. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Director of 
the Office of Science of the Department of En-
ergy. 
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(7) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry 
out this section— 
(1) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(2) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(3) $32,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
and 2027; 
(4) $38,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2028 
and 2029; 
(5) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; 
(6) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2031; 
(7) $23,000,000 for fiscal year 2032; and 
(8) $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2033. 
SEC. 905. DIRECTORATE FOR SOCIAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND 
ECONOMIC SCIENCES. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the following areas described in 
this subsection. 
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(2) INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MODELING AND 
GRASSLANDS AND FOREST IMPACTS MODELING.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for technical, economic, and so-
cial modeling of impacts on land use from 
avoided conversion of grasslands and forests, 
reforestation, conservation, afforestation, and 
forest management changes. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with the Secretary of 
Agriculture. 
(3) INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT MODELING AND 
DIRECT AIR CAPTURE IMPACTS MODELING.—The Di-
rector shall award funding for technical, economic, 
and social modeling of impacts on land and energy 
use from direct air capture, including future elec-
tricity grid mix scenarios. 
(4) ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF 
BIOTECHNOLOGY.—The Director shall award fund-
ing for research on the ethical, legal, and social im-
plications of biotechnology use in carbon dioxide re-
moval. 
(5) GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS.—The Director 
shall award funding for research into governance 
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frameworks for safe and sustainable experimentation 
with ocean-based carbon dioxide removal. 
(6) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry out 
this section $12,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2033. 
SEC. 906. DIVISION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES. 
(a) RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall award funding for research ac-
tivities in each of the following areas described in 
this subsection. 
(2) RESEARCH ON DECISION SCIENCE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award funding for research on decision science, 
social impacts, and public engagement relating 
to carbon dioxide removal technologies and 
methods. 
(B) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall 
carry out the activities described in subpara-
graph (A) in collaboration with— 
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(i) the Assistant Administrator for 
Research and Development of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency; and 
(ii) the Assistant Secretary for Fossil 
Energy and Carbon Management of the 
Department of Energy. 
(3) OTHER
RESEARCH.—The Director shall 
award funding for other carbon dioxide removal re-
search, as determined by the Director. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry 
out this section— 
(1) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(2) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 
through 2028; and 
(3) $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 
through 2033. 
TITLE X—OTHER MATTERS 
SEC. 1001. PLAN FOR INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy shall establish a plan for 
international coordination on research, development, and 
demonstration projects for carbon dioxide removal. 
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(b) COORDINATION.—In carrying out subsection (a), 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Pol-
icy shall coordinate with— 
(1) the Secretary of State; and 
(2) the Secretary of Energy. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
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Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00097
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H5457.IH
H5457
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB