595 
(2) convert carbon dioxide to organic carbon; 
(3) improve national security and combat ter-
rorism; 
(4) detoxify soils and water at Department fa-
cilities contaminated with heavy metals and radio-
logical materials; and 
(5) address other Department missions as iden-
tified by the Secretary. 
(c) PLAN.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall prepare and transmit to Congress a 
research plan describing how the program author-
ized pursuant to this section will be undertaken to 
accomplish the program goals established in sub-
section (b). 
(2) REVIEW
OF
PLAN.—The Secretary shall 
contract with the National Academy of Sciences to 
review the research plan developed under this sub-
section. The Secretary shall transmit the review to 
Congress not later than 18 months after transmittal 
of the research plan under paragraph (1), along with 
the Secretary’s response to the recommendations 
contained in the review.
596 
(d) GENOMES TO LIFE USER FACILITIES AND AN-
CILLARY EQUIPMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Within the funds authorized 
to be appropriated pursuant to this Act, the 
amounts specified under section 951(b)(6) shall, 
subject to appropriations, be available for projects to 
develop, plan, construct, acquire, or operate special 
equipment, instrumentation, or facilities for inves-
tigators conducting research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application in systems 
biology and proteomics and associated biological dis-
ciplines. 
(2) FACILITIES.—Facilities under paragraph 
(1) may include facilities, equipment, or instrumen-
tation for— 
(A) the production and characterization of 
proteins; 
(B) whole proteome analysis; 
(C) characterization and imaging of molec-
ular machines; and 
(D) analysis and modeling of cellular sys-
tems. 
(3) COLLABORATIONS.—The Secretary shall en-
courage collaborations among universities, labora-
tories, and industry at facilities under this sub-
597 
section. All facilities under this subsection shall have 
a specific mission of technology transfer to other in-
stitutions. 
(e) PROHIBITION ON BIOMEDICAL AND HUMAN CELL 
AND HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH.— 
(1) NO BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.—In carrying 
out the program under this section, the Secretary 
shall not conduct biomedical research. 
(2) LIMITATIONS.—Nothing in this section shall 
authorize the Secretary to conduct any research or 
demonstrations— 
(A) on human cells or human subjects; or 
(B) designed to have direct application 
with respect to human cells or human subjects. 
SEC. 960. FISSION AND FUSION ENERGY MATERIALS RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM. 
In the President’s fiscal year 2006 budget request, 
the Secretary shall establish a research and development 
program on material science issues presented by advanced 
fission reactors and the Department’s fusion energy pro-
gram. The program shall develop a catalog of material 
properties required for these applications, develop theo-
retical models for materials possessing the required prop-
erties, benchmark models against existing data, and de-
598 
velop a roadmap to guide further research and develop-
ment in this area. 
SEC. 961. ENERGY-WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within 
the Department the Energy-Water Supply Program, to 
study energy-related and certain other issues associated 
with the supply of drinking water and operation of com-
munity water systems and to study water supply issues 
related to energy. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this section: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(2) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Agency’’ means the 
Environmental Protection Agency. 
(3) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’ 
means the American Water Works Association Re-
search Foundation. 
(4) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 450b). 
(5) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the Energy-Water Supply Program established by 
this section.
599 
(c) PROGRAM AREAS.—The Program shall develop 
methods, means, procedures, equipment, and improved 
technologies relating to— 
(1) the arsenic removal program under sub-
section (d); 
(2) the desalination program under subsection 
(e); and 
(3) the water and energy sustainability program 
under subsection (f). 
(d) ARSENIC REMOVAL PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in 
coordination with the Administrator and in partner-
ship with the Foundation, shall utilize the facilities, 
institutions, and relationships established in the 
Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003 as de-
scribed in Senate Report 107–220 to carry out a re-
search program to provide innovative methods and 
means for removal of arsenic. 
(2) REQUIRED
EVALUATIONS.—The program 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, evaluate 
the means of— 
(A) reducing energy costs incurred in 
using arsenic removal technologies;
600 
(B) minimizing materials, operating, and 
maintenance costs; and 
(C) minimizing any quantities of waste (es-
pecially hazardous waste) that result from use 
of arsenic removal technologies. 
(3) PEER REVIEW.—Where applicable and rea-
sonably available, projects undertaken under this 
subsection shall be peer-reviewed. 
(4) COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS.—In carrying 
out the program under this subsection, the Sec-
retary, in coordination with the Administrator, 
shall— 
(A) select projects involving a geographi-
cally and hydrologically diverse group of com-
munity water systems (as defined in section 
1003 of the Public Health Service Act (42 
U.S.C. 300)) and water chemistries, that have 
experienced technical or economic difficulties in 
providing drinking water with levels of arsenic 
at 10 parts-per-billion or lower, which projects 
shall be designed to develop innovative methods 
and means to deliver drinking water that con-
tains less than 10 parts per billion of arsenic; 
and
601 
(B) provide not less than 40 percent of all 
funds spent pursuant to this subsection to ad-
dress the needs of, and in collaboration with, 
rural communities or Indian tribes. 
(5) COST
EFFECTIVENESS.—The Foundation 
shall create methods for determining cost effective-
ness of arsenic removal technologies used in the pro-
gram. 
(6) 
EDUCATION, 
TRAINING, 
AND
TECH-
NOLOGY.—The Foundation shall include education, 
training, and technology transfer as part of the pro-
gram. 
(7) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall con-
sult with the Administrator to ensure that all activi-
ties conducted under the program are coordinated 
with the Agency and do not duplicate other pro-
grams in the Agency and other Federal agencies, 
State programs, and academia. 
(8) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of commencement of the program under this 
subsection, and once every year thereafter, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Environment and Public Works and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of
602 
the Senate a report on the results of the program 
under this subsection. 
(e) DESALINATION PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coopera-
tion with the Commissioner of Reclamation of the 
Department of the Interior, shall carry out a pro-
gram to conduct research and develop methods and 
means for desalination in accordance with the desali-
nation technology progress plan developed under 
title II of the Energy and Water Development Ap-
propriations Act, 2002 (115 Stat. 498), and de-
scribed in Senate Report 107–39 under the heading 
‘‘WATER AND RELATED RESOURCES’’ in the ‘‘BU-
REAU OF RECLAMATION’’ section. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The desalination pro-
gram shall— 
(A) use the resources of the Department 
and the Department of the Interior that were 
involved in the development of the 2003 Na-
tional Desalination and Water Purification 
Technology Roadmap for next-generation de-
salination technology; 
(B) focus on technologies that are appro-
priate for use in desalinating brackish ground-
water, drinking water, wastewater and other sa-
603 
line water supplies, or disposal of residual brine 
or salt; and 
(C) consider the use of renewable energy 
sources. 
(3) CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS.—Funds made 
available to carry out this subsection may be used 
for construction projects, including completion of the 
National Desalination Research Center for brackish 
groundwater and ongoing operational costs of this 
facility. 
(4) STEERING COMMITTEE.—The Secretary and 
the Commissioner of Reclamation of the Department 
of the Interior shall jointly establish a steering com-
mittee for activities conducted under this subsection. 
The steering committee shall be jointly chaired by 1 
representative from the program and 1 representa-
tive from the Bureau of Reclamation. 
(f) WATER
AND ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY PRO-
GRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop 
a program to identify methods, means, procedures, 
equipment, and improved technologies necessary to 
ensure that sufficient quantities of water are avail-
able to meet energy needs and sufficient energy is 
available to meet water needs.
604 
(2) ASSESSMENTS.—In order to acquire infor-
mation and avoid duplication, the Secretary shall 
work in collaboration with the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Adminis-
trator, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of 
Defense, relevant State agencies, nongovernmental 
organizations, and academia, to assess— 
(A) future water resources needed to sup-
port energy development and production within 
the United States including water used for hy-
dropower, and production of, or electricity gen-
eration by, hydrogen, biomass, fossil fuels, and 
nuclear fuel; 
(B) future energy resources needed to sup-
port water purification and wastewater treat-
ment, including desalination and water convey-
ance; 
(C) use of impaired and nontraditional 
water supplies for energy production other than 
oil and gas extraction; 
(D) technology and programs for improv-
ing water use efficiency; and 
(E) technologies to reduce water use in en-
ergy development and production. 
(3) ROADMAP; TOOLS.—The Secretary shall—
605 
(A) develop a program plan and technology 
development roadmap for the Water and En-
ergy Sustainability Program to identify sci-
entific and technical requirements and activities 
that are required to support planning for en-
ergy sustainability under current and potential 
future conditions of water availability, use of 
impaired water for energy production and other 
uses, and reduction of water use in energy de-
velopment and production; 
(B) develop tools for national and local en-
ergy and water sustainability planning, includ-
ing numerical models, decision analysis tools, 
economic analysis tools, databases, and plan-
ning methodologies and strategies; 
(C) implement at least 3 planning projects 
involving energy development or production that 
use the tools described in subparagraph (B) 
and assess the viability of those tools at the 
scale of river basins with at least 1 demonstra-
tion involving an international border; and 
(D) transfer those tools to other Federal 
agencies, State agencies, nonprofit organiza-
tions, industry, and academia.
606 
(4) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report on the Water and En-
ergy Sustainability Program that— 
(A) includes the results of the assessment 
under paragraph (2) and the program plan and 
technology development roadmap; and 
(B) identifies policy, legal, and institu-
tional issues related to water and energy sus-
tainability. 
SEC. 962. NITROGEN FIXATION. 
The Secretary, acting through the Office of Science, 
shall support a program of research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application on biological nitro-
gen fixation, including plant genomics research relevant 
to the development of commercial crop varieties with en-
hanced nitrogen fixation efficiency and ability. 
Subtitle G—Energy and 
Environment 
SEC. 964. UNITED STATES-MEXICO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 
COOPERATION. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall establish a re-
search, development, demonstration, and commercial ap-
plication program to be carried out in collaboration with 
entities in Mexico and the United States to promote en-
607 
ergy efficient, environmentally sound economic develop-
ment along the United States-Mexico border that mini-
mizes public health risks from industrial activities in the 
border region. 
(b) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.—The program under 
subsection (a) shall be managed by the Department of En-
ergy Carlsbad Environmental Management Field Office. 
(c) TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER.—In carrying out 
projects and activities under this section, the Secretary 
shall assess the applicability of technology developed under 
the Environmental Management Science Program of the 
Department. 
(d) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.—In carrying out this 
section, the Secretary shall comply with the requirements 
of any agreement entered into between the United States 
and Mexico regarding intellectual property protection. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—The fol-
lowing sums are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out activities under this section: 
(1) For each of fiscal years 2004 and 2005, 
$5,000,000. 
(2) For each of fiscal years 2006, 2007, and 
2008, $6,000,000.