103 
‘‘(E) REFINED OR PURIFIED CRITICAL MA-
TERIAL.—The term ‘refined or purified critical 
material’ means a critical material that has un-
dergone any relevant manufacturing process to 
remove impurities and to meet industry stand-
ards of purity or concentration for downstream 
use cases post-extraction or recycling.’’. 
SEC. 306. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) BYPRODUCT.—The term ‘‘byproduct’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 7002(a)(1) 
of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(1)). 
(2) 
CONVERSION.—The 
term 
‘‘conversion’’ 
means the process to alter a refined or purified crit-
ical material to a secondary compound that is sub-
ject to supply chain disruptions relevant to the na-
tional, energy, and economic security of the United 
States, including the manufacturing of magnets, al-
loys, or multicompound chemistries, including such 
chemistries at solid, liquid, or gaseous states. 
(3) CRITICAL
MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘critical 
material’’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 7002(a)(2) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 
U.S.C. 1606(a)(2)). 
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104 
(4) CRITICAL MATERIAL SUPPLY CHAIN.—The 
term ‘‘critical material supply chain’’ means the 
lifecycle of a critical material, including the extrac-
tion, processing or refining, conversion, and recy-
cling of a critical material. 
(5) FOREIGN
COUNTRY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘‘foreign country of concern’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 9901 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651). 
(6) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term 
‘‘foreign entity of concern’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651). 
(7) QUALIFIED SUBSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘quali-
fied substitute’’ means any verifiable alternative to a 
critical material, including converted critical material 
compounds, able to carry out an essential function 
(as such term is used in section 7002(a)(2)(ii) of the 
Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(2)(ii))) of 
a critical material. 
(8) RECYCLING.—The term ‘‘recycling’’ means 
the process of collecting and processing spent mate-
rials and devices and turning the materials and de-
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105 
vices into raw materials or components that can be 
reused either partially or completely. 
(9) REFINED
OR
PURIFIED
CRITICAL
MATE-
RIAL.—The term ‘‘refined or purified critical mate-
rial’’ means a critical material that has undergone 
any relevant manufacturing process to remove impu-
rities and to meet industry standards of purity or 
concentration for downstream use cases post-extrac-
tion or recycling. 
(10) TECHNICAL STANDARD.—The term ‘‘tech-
nical standard’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 12(d)(5) of the National Technology Trans-
fer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note). 
Æ 
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