107 
Technology Fellowship Program,’’ to provide fellow-
ships for scientific training to individuals from eligi-
ble countries (as described under subsection (b)) 
who specialize in agricultural education, research 
and extension for study in the United States. 
(2) PROGRAMS.—The Secretary shall carry out 
the program established under paragraph (1) 
through 3 programs designed to assist individual fel-
lowship recipients as follows: 
(A) A Graduate Studies Program in Agri-
culture to assist individuals who participate in 
graduate agricultural degree training at a 
United States institution; 
(B) An Individual Career Improvement 
Program to assist agricultural scientists from 
developing countries to upgrade skills and un-
derstanding in agricultural science and tech-
nology; and 
(C) The Borlaug Agricultural Policy Exec-
utive Leadership Course to assist senior agri-
cultural policy makers from eligible countries 
with an initial focus on sub-Saharan Africa and 
from the newly independent states of the former 
Soviet Union. 
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(b) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—Countries described in 
this subsection shall be eligible to participate in the pro-
gram established under this section: 
(1) LOW-INCOME
COUNTRY.—A country with 
low per capita income that receives foreign aid as-
sistance from the United States to promote employ-
ment opportunities, increase income levels and levels 
of living, particularly in the rural areas, and to re-
duce rural poverty through increased agricultural 
productivity. 
(2) MIDDLE-INCOME
COUNTRY.—A country 
that has developed economically to the point where 
it no longer qualifies for bilateral foreign aid assist-
ance from the United States because its per capita 
income level exceeds the eligibility requirements of 
such assistance programs (hereafter referred to in 
this section as a ‘‘middle-income’’ country). 
(3) ONGOING RELATIONSHIP.—A middle-income 
country that has never qualified for bilateral foreign 
aid assistance from the United States, but with re-
spect to which an ongoing relationship with the 
United States, including technical assistance and 
training, would provide mutual benefits to such 
country and the United States. 
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109 
(4) TYPE OF GOVERNMENT.—A country that is 
transforming its system of government from a non- 
representative type to a representative democracy 
and that is encouraging democratic institution build-
ing, and the cultural values, institutions, and organi-
zations of democratic pluralism. 
(5) INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SO-
VIET
UNION.—A country that is an independent 
state of the former Soviet Union as defined in sec-
tion 102(8) of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 5602 (8)), to the extent that the Secretary 
of Agriculture determines that the United States 
and the country could benefit from the eligibility and 
participation of the country in the program estab-
lished under this section. 
(c) PURPOSE OF FELLOWSHIPS.—Fellowships under 
this section shall promote food security and economic 
growth in eligible countries by educating a new generation 
of agricultural scientists, increasing scientific knowledge 
and collaborative research to improve agricultural produc-
tivity, and extending this knowledge to users and their 
intermediaries in the market place. Fellowships shall sup-
port— 
(1) training and collaborative research opportu-
nities through exchanges for entry-level international 
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110 
agricultural research scientists, faculty and policy-
makers from eligible countries; 
(2) collaborative research to improve agricul-
tural productivity; 
(3) the transfer of new science and agricultural 
technologies to strengthen agricultural practice; and 
(4) the reduction of barriers to technology 
adoption. 
(d) FELLOWSHIP RECIPIENTS.— 
(1) ELIGIBLE
CANDIDATES.—The Secretary 
may provide fellowships under the program author-
ized by this section to individuals from eligible coun-
tries who specialize in or have experience in agricul-
tural education, research, extension, or related fields, 
including individuals from the public and private 
sectors, and private agricultural producers. 
(2) CANDIDATE
IDENTIFICATION.—The Sec-
retary 
shall 
utilize 
the 
expertise 
of 
United 
Statesland-grant and similar universities, inter-
national organizations working in agricultural re-
search and outreach, and national agricultural re-
search organizations to help identify program can-
didates for fellowships under this section from both 
the public and private sectors of eligible countries. 
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111 
(e) USE OF FELLOWSHIPS.—Fellowships shall pro-
mote collaborative programs between agricultural profes-
sionals of eligible countries with those of the United States 
and the international agricultural research system and, as 
appropriate, with United States entities conducting re-
search. They will be used to support fellowship recipients 
through the Graduate Studies Program in Agriculture es-
tablished under subsection (a)(2)(A). 
(f) PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary 
shall provide for the management, coordination, evaluation 
and monitoring of the overall Borlaug International Agri-
cultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program and 
for the individual programs described in subsection (a)(2), 
except that the Secretary may contract out to one or more 
collaborating universities the management of one or more 
of the fellowship programs. 
(g) OVERSIGHT BOARD.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish an oversight board to oversee activities of the Borlaug 
International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellow-
ship Program. The board shall consist of— 
(1) two representatives from the Latin Amer-
ican region; 
(2) two representatives from the African region; 
(3) two representatives from the South Asian 
region; 
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112 
(4) two representatives from the East Asian re-
gion; 
(5) two representatives from United States 
land-grant universities; 
(6) two representatives from development or 
donor organizations; 
(7) two representatives from agricultural indus-
tries. 
The board will advise the office in the Foreign Agricul-
tural Service of the Department of Agriculture responsible 
for managing the program on program priorities and re-
lated matters, including annual priority regions and coun-
tries, annual priority topics for exchanges, and sources of 
complementary funding and other alternative funding. 
(h) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated without fiscal year limi-
tation such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
program established under this section, except that the 
amount of such funds in any fiscal year shall not exceed— 
(1) for the Graduate Studies Program in Agri-
culture established under subsection (a)(2)(A), 
$1,250,000; 
(2) for the Individual Career Improvement Pro-
gram 
established 
under 
subsection 
(a)(2)(B), 
$2,500,000; and 
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113 
(3) for the Borlaug Agricultural Policy Execu-
tive Leadership Course established under subsection 
(a)(2)(C), $1,250,000. 
(i) COMPLEMENTARY FUNDS.—If the Secretary of 
Agriculture determines that it is advisable in furtherance 
of the purposes of the program established under this sec-
tion, the Secretary may accept money, funds, property, 
and services of every kind by gift, devise, bequest, grant, 
or otherwise, and may, in any manner, dispose of all such 
holdings and use the receipts generated from such disposi-
tion as general program funds under this section. All 
funds so designated for the program established under this 
section shall remain available until expended. 
Subtitle G—Energy 
SEC. 471. PROCUREMENT OF BIOBASED PRODUCTS. 
Section 9002 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (k) as sub-
section (m); 
(2) by inserting after subsection (j) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(k) REGIONAL CENTERS.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish regional centers to advise and assist producers of 
biobased products in accessing Federal agency markets for 
those products. 
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114 
‘‘(l) STATE PROCUREMENT LAWS.—The Secretary 
may provide technical and other assistance 
‘‘(1) to develop a model State biobased product 
procurement law; and 
‘‘(2) to encourage the adoption of such laws by 
the States.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (m), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2014’’. 
SEC. 472. BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT GRANTS. 
(a) EXPANSION OF PROGRAM.—Section 9003(a) of 
the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8103(a)) is amended by inserting ‘‘biomaterials, 
and other sources of renewable energy,’’ before ‘‘so as to’’. 
(b) FOLLOW-UP STUDY; REAUTHORIZATION.—Sec-
tion 9003 of the farm security and rural investment act 
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8103) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub-
section (i); 
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(h) FOLLOW-UP STUDY.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a study to determine— 
‘‘(1) which grants made under this section have 
resulted in successful technologies or other out-
comes; and 
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115 
‘‘(2) what reasons, if any, led to the successful 
results.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (i), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2014’’. 
SEC. 473. BIODIESEL FUEL EDUCATION AND DEVELOP-
MENT GRANTS. 
(a) EXPANSION OF PROGRAM.—Section 9004(a) of 
the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8104(a)) is amended 
(1) by striking ‘‘eligible entities to educate’’ and 
inserting ‘‘eligible entities’’— 
‘‘(1) to educate’’; and 
(2) by inserting before the period after ‘‘fuel 
use’’ the following: 
‘‘(2) to assist in the development of new and 
emerging technologies for the production of biodiesel 
fuels’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The heading of sec-
tion 9004 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act 
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8104) is amended by inserting ‘‘AND 
DEVELOPMENT’’ after ‘‘EDUCATION’’. 
(c) REAUTHORIZATION.—Section 9004(d) of the 
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8104(d)) is amended by striking ‘‘2007’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2014’’. 
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116 
SEC. 474. ENERGY AUDIT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVEL-
OPMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) ENERGY USE PRACTICES.—Section 9005(a) of 
the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8105(a)) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘(1) grants’’ before ‘‘The Sec-
retary’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) ENERGY USE PRACTICES.—The Secretary, 
in cooperation with State agricultural offices, shall 
establish and carry out a program to improve the 
energy use practices of farmers to reduce the pro-
duction cost of crops and livestock. The program 
under this paragraph shall promote the increased 
use of all sources of renewable energy, and may in-
clude the use of local energy production for farm use 
as a means of reducing production costs.’’. 
(b) REAUTHORIZATION.—Section 9005(d) of the 
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 
U.S.C. 8105(d)) is amended by striking ‘‘2007’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2014’’. 
SEC. 475. RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS AND ENERGY EF-
FICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS. 
Section 9006 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8106) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
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117 
‘‘(g) FOLLOW-UP STUDY.—The Secretary, directly or 
through one or more land grant colleges and universities, 
as defined in section 9011(b), that are selected by the Sec-
retary on a competitive basis, shall carry out a study to 
determine— 
‘‘(1) which types of grants made and which 
types of loans made or guaranteed under this section 
have resulted in successful outcomes; and 
‘‘(2) what reasons, if any, led to the successful 
outcomes.’’. 
SEC. 476. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) ENHANCED COORDINATION.—Section 304 of the 
Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (7 
U.S.C. 8603) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(c) ENHANCED
COORDINATION.—The Secretary 
shall direct the point of contact of the Department of Agri-
culture to work to achieve better coordination between 
programs under this title and the Department of Energy’s 
renewable energy programs.’’. 
(b) USE OF RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTERS.— 
Section 307 of the Biomass Research and Development 
Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 8606) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
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118 
‘‘(h) USE
OF RESEARCH
AND EXTENSION CEN-
TERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall use the 
services and facilities of research centers and Exten-
sion centers at land grant colleges and universities, 
as defined in section 9011(b) of the Farm Security 
and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 
8109(b)), to assist in carrying out this section. 
‘‘(2) COMPETITIVE SELECTION.—The Secretary 
shall publish and follow competitive criteria to be 
used for the selection of research centers and Exten-
sion centers under this subsection.’’. 
(c) FUNDING.—Section 310(a)(2) of the Biomass Re-
search and Development Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 
8609(a)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘2014’’. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION.—Section 310(b) of the Biomass 
Research and Development Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 
8609(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘$200,000,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$300,000,000’’. 
SEC. 
477. 
COOPERATIVE 
RESEARCH 
AND 
EXTENSION 
PROJECTS; CARBON CYCLE RESEARCH. 
Section 221(e) of the Agricultural Risk Protection 
Act of 2000 (114 Stat. 407) is amended— 
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119 
(1) by striking the heading and inserting ‘‘Ex-
tension and Research Funding’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (3) by striking ‘‘2007’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2014’’. 
Subtitle H—Conservation 
SEC. 478. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES. 
(a) COORDINATED EFFORT.—Section 1240 of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting after ‘‘assist-
ance to producers’’ the following: ‘‘by employing all 
applicable and appropriate departmental resources, 
including research, technical assistance, education, 
extension, and financial agencies and organizations, 
in a coordinated effort’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (4), by inserting after ‘‘assist-
ing producers’’ the following: ‘‘by employing the co-
ordinated effort described in paragraph (3)’’. 
(b) COORDINATED EFFORT.—Section 1240B(a)(1) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa– 
2(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘The Secretary shall work with the heads of all appro-
priate departmental agencies and organizations to develop 
a coordinated effort, using an integrated team approach, 
to provide farmers and ranchers state-of-the-art research, 
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120 
information, technical assistance, education, extension, 
and access to resources to implement eligible practices 
under this chapter.’’. 
SEC. 479. CONSERVATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND 
EDUCATION BY EXTENSION SERVICE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1242 of the Food Security 
Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE.— 
‘‘(A) TECHNICAL
SERVICE
PROVIDER.— 
The Cooperative Extension Service in each 
State, and the appropriate officials and employ-
ees thereof, shall be eligible to provide technical 
assistance to carry out programs under this 
title, to become approved providers of technical 
assistance, and to provide other necessary edu-
cational activities and materials regarding the 
programs under this title and appropriate re-
lated matters to producers, eligible participants, 
and other persons. 
‘‘(B) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Secretary 
shall pay to the Cooperative Extension Service 
in each State to compensate for the conserva-
tion technical assistance and related education 
provided under this paragraph. Such payments 
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121 
for technical assistance and education may be 
made from 
‘‘(i) funds available for technical as-
sistance under section 1241(b); 
‘‘(ii) funds made available to the Nat-
ural Resource Conservation Service; and 
‘‘(iii) such other funds that may be 
appropriated or otherwise made available 
to the Secretary for technical assistance or 
education regarding the programs in this 
title, or related or similar programs.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1241(b) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841) is 
amended by adding at the end thereof the following sen-
tence: 
‘‘For the purposes of this section and section 1242, 
technical assistance shall include the necessary education 
regarding the programs under this title, and appropriate 
related matters, as provided under section 1242(5).’’. 
SEC. 480. ASSSESSMENT AND REFORM OF CONSERVATION 
PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
(hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall develop a 
plan to coordinate land retirement, forestry, and agricul-
tural working land conservation programs that are admin-
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istered by the Secretary by integrating the activities of de-
partmental agencies to achieve the goals of— 
(1) eliminating redundancy; 
(2) streamlining program delivery; and 
(3) improving services provided to agricultural 
producers, including the provision of science-based 
technical assistance through integrated interagency 
programs of research, education, and extension. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult 
with the Under Secretaries in the Department of Agri-
culture to develop a plan of strategic research, education, 
and extension programs to ensure that the goals outlined 
by the programs described in subsection (a) can be 
achieved in an integrated and highly focused manner that 
includes determination of national priorities, cost sharing, 
and collaborative management. The Under Secretaries 
shall ensure that the Department’s programmatic re-
sources and partnerships available within their areas of 
responsibility are involved in the development and imple-
mentation of the strategic plan. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than September 30, 2008, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agri-
culture of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Sen-
ate, a report that describes— 
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123 
(1) the plans developed under subsections (a) 
and (b); and 
(2) the means by which the Secretary intends 
to achieve the goals described in subsections (a) and 
(b). 
Æ 
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