I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4637 
To sever United States Government relations with the Creek Nation of Okla-
homa until such time as the Creek Nation of Oklahoma restores full 
Tribal citizenship to the Creek Freedmen disenfranchised in the October 
6, 1979, Creek Nation vote and fulfills all its treaty obligations with 
the Government of the United States, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 22, 2021 
Mr. DANNY K. DAVIS of Illinois introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in addition to the 
Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined 
by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To sever United States Government relations with the Creek 
Nation of Oklahoma until such time as the Creek Nation 
of Oklahoma restores full Tribal citizenship to the Creek 
Freedmen disenfranchised in the October 6, 1979, Creek 
Nation vote and fulfills all its treaty obligations with 
the Government of the United States, and for other 
purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Historically, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation 
(‘‘Creek Nation’’) were comprised of a confederacy 
of separate towns, Tribes, and peoples. Each town 
was a complete governmental unit in and of itself. 
Among those peoples were the Yamassee or Jamassi, 
who were reported to have emigrated from Africa 
prior to the European discovery of America. 
(2) As colonists and eventually nonindigenous 
Americans began to inhabit this area, these new 
residents sought to ‘‘civilize the Creek Indian’’. In 
the ensuing decades, the United States continuously 
and repeatedly attempted to impose, often by force, 
its customs, economy, religion, and political struc-
ture on indigenous groups such as the Creek Nation. 
(3) One American custom adopted by some 
Creek Nation citizens was the plantation economy 
and the reliance on chattel African slavery as a labor 
force. Along with enslaved Africans who were owned 
by Creek Nation citizens, there were also Creek Na-
tion citizens of African descent and free Blacks 
openly living as full citizens of the Creek Nation. 
(4) In the 1830s, citizens of the Creek Nation 
were forcibly removed from their lands in the south-
eastern United States and forced to migrate to In-
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dian Territory (present day Oklahoma) along a route 
known as the Trail of Tears. Among those persons 
forced to migrate were— 
(A) African individuals who were enslaved 
by citizens of the Creek Nation; 
(B) Creek Nation citizens of ‘‘African de-
scent’’; 
(C) free ‘‘Africans’’ living as citizens of the 
Creek Nation; and 
(D) ‘‘mixed blood’’ Creek Nation citizens 
now known as the ‘‘Black Creeks’’ or ‘‘Creek 
Freedmen’’. 
(5) Citizens of the Creek Nation were removed 
primarily by their traditional Tribal ‘‘town’’, and it 
was the town ‘‘Micos’’ or chiefs who kept the Tribal 
rolls. This allowed Creek Nation citizens who sur-
vived the journey to reestablish their traditional 
towns in Indian Territory. 
(6) Removal was carried out by the military, 
and approximately 24,000 Creek Nation citizens 
were forced to travel to Indian Territory on foot or 
by riverboats. Due to poor planning, organization, 
and indifference by the Federal Government, thou-
sands of Creek Nation citizens died on the way to 
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Indian Territory due to exposure, starvation, and 
disease. 
(7) Even after removal to Indian Territory, 
some Creek Nation citizens continued to hold slaves 
until the Creek Treaty of 1866 abolished slavery in 
the Creek Nation. 
(8) In 1861, a faction of the Creek Nation 
known as ‘‘Southern Creeks’’ executed a treaty with 
the Confederate States of America, severing its rela-
tions with the United States Government. Members 
of the Southern Creeks held positions in the Con-
gress and military of the Confederate States of 
America and waged war against the United States 
during the Civil War. Other Creeks, known as the 
‘‘Loyal Creeks’’, who generally resisted cultural as-
similation, provided supplies, men, and support for 
the Union. A contingent of Loyal Creeks, which in-
cluded a substantial ‘‘Black’’ Creek component, left 
their homes in Oklahoma and moved to Kansas to 
flee Southern Creek soldiers and their Confederate 
allies. 
(9) The Battle of Honey Springs was a major 
battle that occurred in Indian Territory during the 
Civil War, and Loyal Creeks, including ‘‘Black’’ 
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Creeks, valiantly fought against the Confederacy and 
their allies. 
(10) In 1865, as the Civil War ended, President 
Andrew Johnson designated a commission to travel 
to Fort Smith, Arkansas, to convene a council for 
the purpose of negotiating a new treaty with the 
Creek Nation. 
(11) The members of that commission declared 
that a treaty with the United States ‘‘must’’ contain 
certain stipulations, including that ‘‘the institution 
of slavery, which has existed among several of the 
Tribes, must be forthwith abolished, and measures 
taken for the unconditional emancipation of all per-
sons held in bondage, and for their incorporation 
into the Tribes on an equal footing with the original 
members, or suitably provided for.’’. 
(12) The Creek Nation’s 5-person delegation in-
cluded both leaders of the Loyal Creeks and South-
ern Creeks. One of the members of the Loyal Creek 
delegation was an African Creek named Cow Tom. 
(13) The Creek Treaty of 1866 negotiations oc-
curred between 1865 and 1866, first in Fort Smith, 
Arkansas, and then in Washington, DC. It was in 
Washington, DC, where the Treaty was signed and 
upon the signing of the 1866 Treaty the United 
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States reestablished official relations with the Creek 
Nation. 
(14) The Creek Treaty of 1866 became the 
foundational legal document of the Creek Nation 
and established the Creek Nation as it is known 
today. 
(15) The Creek Treaty of 1866 declared that 
the Black Creeks, also known as ‘‘Creek Freedmen’’, 
were to be made citizens of the Creek Nation and 
to have all the rights of other Creek citizens. 
(16) Article II of the Creek Treaty of 1866 pro-
vides in pertinent part: 
‘‘[I]nasmuch as there are among the Creek 
many persons of African descent . . . it is stip-
ulated that hereafter these persons, lawfully re-
siding in said Creek country, under their laws 
and usages, or who have been thus residing in 
said country, and may return within one year 
from the ratification of this treaty, and their 
descendants and such others of the same race 
as may be permitted by the laws of said Nation 
to settle within the limits of the jurisdiction of 
the Creek Nation as citizens [thereof], shall 
have and enjoy all the rights and privileges of 
native citizens, including an equal interest in 
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the soil and national funds; and the laws of said 
Nation shall be equally binding upon and give 
equal protection to all such persons . . .’’. 
(17) Virtually identical clauses relating to the 
citizenship of individuals of African descent within 
the Seminole and Cherokee Nations were negotiated, 
agreed upon, and added to the respective Seminole 
and Cherokee Treaties of 1866. 
(18) Shortly after executing the Treaty of 
1866, the Creek Nation reorganized their constitu-
tional structure, and in 1867, it created a new and 
expansive constitution which recognized and af-
firmed the full citizenship rights of Black Creeks. 
(19) The 1867 Constitution did not discrimi-
nate against Creeks of African descent, Free Black, 
or Creek Freedmen citizens of the Creek Nation. 
(20) In fact, upon ratifying the 1867 Constitu-
tion, the Creek Nation reconstituted its 44 tradi-
tional ‘‘towns’’ and voluntarily created 3 additional 
towns (‘‘Freedmen Towns’’) so the Freedmen would 
have equal representation in the Creek Nation’s Na-
tional Council. 
(21) Also, in 1867, the Creek Nation gathered 
at the request of Federal Indian Agent J.W. Dunn 
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(‘‘Dunn’’) to identify and list the individual mem-
bers of the Creek Nation. 
(22) As a result of that gathering, Dunn com-
piled a roll of the Creek Nation’s citizens, which 
came to be known as the ‘‘Dunn Roll’’. Listed on 
the Dunn Roll were all of the Creek Nation’s then- 
gathered citizens, which encompassed Creek Nation 
citizens with African ancestry, including Native Afri-
cans, Free Africans, and newly emancipated, for-
merly enslaved Creek Freedmen. 
(23) Many Creek Nation citizens were forced to 
leave Creek Nation territory during the Civil War 
because of the violence or for various other reasons. 
The Treaty of 1866 gave Creek Nation citizens until 
July 15, 1867, to return to Creek territory in order 
to be included on the Dunn Roll. However, Dunn 
completed his roll 5 months early and sent it to 
Washington, DC, in February 1867. 
(24) As a result, the Creek Nation created a 
Post-Civil War Citizenship Commission to review the 
applications of people who claimed they were Creek 
Nation citizens who should have been included on 
the Dunn Roll. The Creek Nation Post-Civil War 
Citizenship Commission reviewed several thousand 
applications, and admitted over 1,700 individuals 
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and their descendants between 1867 and 1895. Nu-
merous Native Africans, Free Blacks, and newly 
emancipated Freedmen were among the 1,700 indi-
viduals granted full citizenship by the Creek Nation 
Post-War Citizenship Commission. 
(25) In the decade after the Treaty of 1866 
was enacted, individuals of African descent (Native 
Africans, Free Africans, and formerly enslaved Afri-
can/Freedmen) worked with all other Creek Nation 
citizens to attempt to rebuild the Creek Nation. 
(26) However, many of the Confederate-aligned 
Upper/Southern Creeks refused to respect Creek 
Freedmen citizenship rights. In fact, on October 1, 
1877, the Upper/Southern actions were rebuked by 
then Creek Nation Principal Chief Ward Coachman 
during his address to the Creek National Council: 
‘‘. . . [A]nd inasmuch as there are Freed-
men among us, whose rights under the treaty of 
1866, have not by some been recognized, and in 
consequence thereof have been discouraged, are 
not improving or advancing as they might do; 
and the treaty relative thereto being so plain 
that no one can mistake or misunderstand it. I 
allude particularly to those known as the 
McGilvery or McGilbrey Freedmen whom we 
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know belonged to our own people, were here 
within our country when the treaty was made 
and have remained among us ever since. I 
would recommend if necessary that some action 
be had recognizing the rights of all who under 
the treaty are entitled to citizenship and equal 
rights and privileges with us.’’. 
(27) Between 1867 and 1895, the Creek Nation 
created numerous rolls of its citizens. None of these 
rolls created by the Creek Nation contained or listed 
blood quantum, or singled out Creeks of African de-
scent, ‘‘Free Black’’ Creek Citizens, or former 
enslaved Africans who were emancipated and accept-
ed as Creek citizens pursuant to the Treaty of 1866. 
(28) Between 1866 and 1906, Creeks of Afri-
can descent were an essential part of the Creek Na-
tion community, as evidenced by their service in im-
portant and high positions in the Creek Nation’s 
government and other areas of Creek life. 
(29) In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act 
of 1887 (‘‘Dawes Act’’). 
(30) The stated purpose of the Dawes Act was 
to prepare Indian Territory for statehood. To this 
end, the Dawes Act authorized the transfer of most 
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of the land owned corporately by the Creek Nation 
to individual Tribal citizens. 
(31) After the passing of the Dawes Act, Con-
gress created the Dawes Commission in 1893. Con-
gress tasked the Dawes Commission with identifying 
all Creek citizens eligible for land allotment in what 
would come to be known as the ‘‘Dawes Rolls’’. 
(32) Congress then passed the Curtis Act of 
June 28, 1898 (30 Stat. 495) (‘‘Curtis Act’’), direct-
ing the Dawes Commission to create 2 lists of citi-
zens of the Creek Nation who would be eligible for 
land allotment, which became the following: 
(A) The ‘‘Creek Nation Creek Roll’’, which 
was purportedly composed only of Creek Nation 
citizens with Creek blood. 
(B) The ‘‘Creek Nation Freedmen Roll’’, 
which was purportedly composed only of Creek 
Nation citizens who were formerly enslaved Af-
ricans and devoid of any Creek blood. 
(33) The Dawes Commission, motivated by rac-
ism, used race and Creek Nation citizens’ physical 
appearance to segregate Creeks of African Descent 
‘‘Creek Freedmen’’. The ‘‘true’’ Creeks, in the 
Dawes Commission’s estimation, were listed on the 
Creek Roll (also known as the ‘‘Blood Roll’’). The 
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Creek Freedmen (individuals of African descent, re-
gardless of whether they or their ancestors were pre-
viously enslaved in the Creek Nation) were listed on 
the Creek Nation Freedmen Roll. 
(34) The Dawes Commission employed the 
hypodescent rule, by which any individual with ‘‘one 
drop’’ of ‘‘Black blood’’ was to be considered Black 
and therefore belonged on the Creek Nation Freed-
men Roll. 
(35) The Dawes Commission therefore enrolled 
many Creeks of African descent on the Creek Freed-
men Roll, regardless of whether they or their ances-
tors were ever enslaved in the Creek Nation or of 
how much ‘‘Creek blood’’ they actually possessed. 
(36) The Dawes Commission separated families 
by enrolling full siblings with different blood degrees 
and enrolling some family members on the Creek 
Nation Blood Roll and others on the Creek Freed-
men Roll. The blood degree or blood quantum was 
originally to be used only for land allotment pur-
poses. 
(37) Therefore, once the Dawes Rolls closed on 
March 4, 1907, Creek citizens enrolled on the 
Freedmen Roll and their descendants, in perpetuity, 
would always carry the ugly badge of slavery, re-
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gardless of whether they or their ancestors were ever 
enslaved, and forever legally be known as Creek 
Freedmen. 
(38) In 1970, Congress passed the ‘‘Principal 
Chiefs Act’’ requiring the Chickasaw, Choctaw, 
Cherokee, Seminole, and Creek Nations to obtain 
approval for their voting laws for selection of each 
nation’s Principal Chief. The Department of the In-
terior drafted a policy stating that it was not nec-
essary that each of these groups has identical or 
similar regulations, but that 3 conditions are deemed 
fundamental to the democratic selection of a prin-
cipal Tribal official. One of the three conditions stip-
ulated by the Department was that voter qualifica-
tions of the Creeks must be broad enough to include 
the enrolled Creek Freedmen citizens. 
(39) On or about August 18, 1975, the Creek 
Nation, through its National Council, submitted to 
the Department of the Interior a draft constitution 
(‘‘Draft Constitution’’) that, among other things, 
contained express provisions that— 
(A) stripped individuals on the 1906 Creek 
Freedmen Rolls and their then-living lineal de-
scendants of their Creek citizenship; and 
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(B) prevented the unborn lineal descend-
ants of individuals who were enrolled on the 
1906 Creek Freedmen Rolls from becoming citi-
zens of the Creek Nation. 
(40) Before the Creek Nation submitted the 
Draft Constitution to the Department of the Inte-
rior, the Creek Nation did not seek, obtain, or allow 
any input from Creek Freedmen or individuals rep-
resenting Creek Freedmen interests. 
(41) Minutes from the Creek Nation’s October 
29, 1977, National Council meeting reveal that one 
of the express goals of the Draft Constitution was 
to strip Freedmen and Creek Freedmen descendants 
of their Creek citizenship and rights. The minutes 
state the following: 
‘‘When you go back to the old [1867] Con-
stitution, you are licked before you start; be-
cause it doesn’t talk about Indians, it talks 
about CITIZENS of the CREEK NATION. 
When you got down to the Allotment time, 
there were more that was non-Indians or half- 
blood or less, who outnumbered the full blood, 
all of these totaled about 11,000, and there 
were only 18,000 on the entire Roll; so, there 
was only 9,000 above One-half blood. That’s 
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the reason, they lost control; the FULLBLOOD 
lost control. That’s what we’re fighting, this 
blood quantum, trying to get back and let the 
people control because under the old Constitu-
tion, you’ve lost before you ever started. There 
were three FREEDMAN bands that would out-
number you today as citizens. So, if we want to 
keep the INDIAN in control, we’ve got to take 
a good look at this thing and get us a Constitu-
tion that will keep the Creek Indian in Con-
trol.’’. 
(42) On October 6, 1979, the Creek Nation 
held an election to formally adopt the 1979 Con-
stitution and replace the 1867 Constitution. 
(43) Section 503 of the Oklahoma Indian Wel-
fare Act (25 U.S.C. 5203), in effect since 1979, re-
quired the participation of at least 30 percent of 
‘‘those entitled’’ to vote, or the results of the election 
are invalid. 
(44) The total number of ‘‘entitled’’ voters that 
Creek officials identified prior to the 1979 constitu-
tional referendum did not include Creek Freedmen 
in an apparent effort to meet OIWA election re-
quirements. Creek Freedmen and their descendants 
were denied the right to vote on the 1979 Constitu-
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tion and therefore did not vote on the 1979 constitu-
tion. 
(45) Upon the dubious ratification of the 1979 
Constitution, the Creek Nation illegally declared that 
all Freedmen were not entitled to Creek citizenship 
and would no longer be recognized as nor allowed to 
be citizens of the Creek Nation. 
(46) Thousands of Creek Freedmen descend-
ants have been denied their Creek citizenship rights 
in a bold violation of the Treaty of 1866. 
(47) In violation of the Treaty of 1866, the 
13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, 
the Principal Chiefs Act of 1970, and the Oklahoma 
Indian Welfare Act, Creek Freedmen have been ille-
gally barred from participating, as voters and can-
didates, in every Creek election from 1979 through 
the present. 
(48) Currently, the Creek Nation operates 
under a Principal Chief elected in violation of the 
1970 Principal Chiefs Act and Treaty of 1866, and 
a National Council constituted without Creek Freed-
men representatives, in violation of the Treaty of 
1866. 
(49) Since 1979, thousands of Creek Freedmen 
have continuously attempted to assert and regain 
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their full citizenship rights by formally applying for 
Creek citizenship only to be completely ignored or 
summarily rebuffed. Oftentimes Freedmen appli-
cants would be informed of their denial via a form 
letter from the Creek Nation, which would include 
some version of the following language, taken from 
a May 31, 2002, letter from the Creek Nation to a 
Creek Freedman applicant: 
‘‘We are returning your letter and any 
other documents submitted for enrollment into 
the Muscogee (Creek) Nation because in check-
ing the Dawes Commission Rolls, your ances-
tors were enrolled on the Creek Freedmen 
Rolls. If you will note from the copy you sub-
mitted there is no blood quantum listed because 
they are not Creek by Blood. When slavery was 
abolished following the Civil War, Treaties were 
negotiated with the Five-Civilized Tribes; the 
Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek and Sem-
inole Nations. The treaties conferred citizenship 
in the Tribes on the negroes who had been held 
in slavery by the Tribes. Such citizens were re-
ferred as ‘Freedmen’.’’. 
(50) A Creek Freedmen Indians or African/ 
Black Creek Indians association was organized and 
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continues to work to preserve the unique identity of 
members of the Muscogee Creek Indian Freedmen 
Band Association, and to protect the history, legacy, 
rights, and dignity of the thousands of Creek Freed-
men Indians. 
(51) Beginning in 2004, 2 Creek Freedmen liti-
gated the issue of Creek Freedmen citizenship within 
the Creek Nation court in Johnson and Graham v. 
Muscogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma Citizenship 
Board, CV 2003–54. 
(52) The Creek Freedmen contended that they 
and all Creek Freedmen were eligible for citizenship 
in the Creek Nation pursuant to the Treaty of 1866, 
the Muscogee (Creek) Nation Constitution, and the 
Creek Nation Citizenship Code. 
(53) In its March 27, 2006, opinion, the Creek 
Nation District Court declined to reach the sub-
stantive issues related to the Treaty of 1866. In-
stead, the court found that the Citizenship Board 
did not follow Creek Nation law, which mandated 
that the Citizenship Board process the citizenship 
applications of the Creek Freedmen. 
(54) On or about April 13, 2006, the Citizen-
ship Board refused to comply with the Creek Na-
tion’s District Court order to process the Creek 
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Freedmen’s citizenship applications. On November 
2, 2007, the Creek Nation Supreme Court unani-
mously reversed the district court decision and re-
fused to rule on the applicability of the citizenship 
provisions of the Treaty of 1866. 
(55) The manner in which the Creek Nation is 
conducting the relationship between the United 
States and the Tribal entity is not in the best inter-
est of the United States Government or the citizens 
of the Creek Nation, and violates existing treaties 
and laws governing the relationship between the 
United States Government and the Creek Nation. 
(56) The Creek Nation’s current refusal to rec-
ognize the citizenship rights of Creek Freedmen and 
to deny to Creek Freedmen all rights, privileges, 
protections, and benefits arising from citizenship in 
the Creek Nation equally and on the same basis as 
all other Creek Nation citizens, including, without 
limitation, the right to vote in Creek Nation elec-
tions, the right to run for and hold Creek Nation of-
fice, and the right to receive funds and benefits 
available to all others is in violation of the treaty 
rights extended to the Creek Freedmen in a treaty 
agreement between the United States and the Creek 
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Nation in the 1866 Treaty and the 13th Amendment 
to the United States Constitution. 
(57) The Creek Treaty of 1866 guarantees the 
Creek Freedmen the right to full and equal citizen-
ship in the Creek Nation. 
(58) The Creek Freedmen are legally indistin-
guishable from other citizens of the Creek Nation 
pursuant to the Creek Treaty of 1866. 
(59) As equal citizens of the Creek Nation, the 
Creek Freedmen descendants are entitled to all 
rights, privileges, protections, and benefits arising 
from citizenship in the Creek Nation equally and on 
the same basis as all other Creek Nation citizens, in-
cluding, without limitation, the right to vote in 
Creek Nation elections, the right to run for and hold 
Creek Nation office, and the right to receive funds 
and benefits available to Creek Nation citizens. 
(60) No Federal statute or superseding treaty 
has modified the Creek Freedmen descendants’ citi-
zenship rights as granted in the Creek Treaty of 
1866. 
(61) No amendment to the Creek Nation Con-
stitution has modified nor could modify the citizen-
ship rights of Creek Freedmen, because those rights 
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are derived from the Creek Treaty of 1866 and not 
the Creek Nation Constitution. 
(62) There has been no Act of Congress ex-
pressing any intent to abrogate Article 2 of the 
Creek Treaty of 1866. 
(63) The Creek Treaty of 1866 is a bilateral 
agreement negotiated and signed by two sovereign 
entities utilizing their executive and legislative gov-
ernmental powers. The validity of the agreement has 
not been contested by the Creek Nation. The Treaty 
of 1866 is the supreme law of the land regarding the 
citizenship rights of Creek Freedmen. 
(64) The Department of the Interior is obli-
gated to protect the Creek Freedmen descendants 
and to refuse to recognize the Creek Nation’s gov-
ernment until such time as the Creek Nation affirms 
and restores Creek Freedmen citizenship rights. By 
continuing to recognize the Creek Nation and its 
government, elected and formed under the illegal 
1979 Constitution, the Department of the Interior 
has violated and continues to violate its own prece-
dent and policy, and has breached and continues to 
breach its responsibility to the Freedmen descend-
ants pursuant to Article 2 of the Treaty of 1866. 
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(65) The Creek Nation has received and con-
tinues to receive Federal funding distributed by the 
Department of the Interior for the benefit of indi-
vidual Creek Nation citizens. The Department of the 
Interior has knowledge that the Creek Nation dis-
tributes funds under these Federal programs in a 
discriminatory manner by excluding Creek Freedmen 
from participation in and receipt of the benefits of 
the programs by virtue of their status as Creek 
Freedmen. 
SEC. 2. SEVERANCE OF RELATIONS WITH THE CREEK NA-
TION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States hereby severs 
all relations with the Creek Nation, including all financial 
obligations or otherwise, until such time as the Creek Na-
tion meets all of its treaty obligations and other Federal 
statutory obligations (including all obligations under the 
Treaty of 1866, the Principal Chiefs Act, holding elections 
for Tribal leaders that are in compliance with the Act, and 
has restored the rights of all Creek Freedmen disenfran-
chised from the Creek Nation), as determined by a final 
certification under subsection (d). 
(b) COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE 
ACT.—The Secretary shall coordinate with all depart-
ments and agencies of the Federal Government to ensure 
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that every effort is being made by the Federal Government 
to comply with this Act. 
(c) REPORTS.— 
(1) FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter until the final certification under 
subsection (d), all departments and agencies of the 
Federal Government shall submit a report to the 
Secretary describing— 
(A) all Federal programs under their juris-
diction that provide financial assistance and 
other services to the Creek Nation; and 
(B) the efforts undertaken by the depart-
ment or agency to comply with the require-
ments of this Act. 
(2) STATUS REPORTS.—Until the Secretary cer-
tifies to Congress that the Creek Nation is in com-
pliance with its treaty obligations, the Secretary 
shall submit monthly public reports to Congress on 
the status of the Federal Government’s efforts to en-
sure that all departments and agencies of the Fed-
eral Government are in compliance with the require-
ments of this Act. 
(3) OTHER
FREEDMAN
INDIANS.—Not later 
than 6 months after the date of the enactment of 
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this Act, the Secretary shall issue a public report to 
Congress on the status of Freedmen in the Creek, 
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations 
of Oklahoma. The report shall address whether each 
of those Indian Tribes is in compliance with all trea-
ty obligations and Federal laws with respect to its 
Freedmen members, the level of participation of its 
Freedmen members in Tribal leadership positions, 
Tribal benefits received by its Freedmen members, 
and previous or current efforts on the part of those 
Indian Tribes to disenfranchise its Freedmen mem-
bers. 
(d) CONGRESSIONAL
CERTIFICATION.—After the 
Secretary has certified to Congress that the Creek Nation 
is in full compliance with all its treaty obligations and 
Congress approves the Secretary’s certification by a vote 
taken on a concurrent resolution certifying that the Creek 
Nation is in full compliance with its treaty obligations, the 
final certification of the Creek Nation’s treaty compliance 
shall take effect. 
SEC. 3. SUSPENSION OF RIGHT TO CONDUCT GAMING OP-
ERATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Creek Nation’s authority to 
conduct gaming regulated under the Indian Gaming Regu-
latory Act and to administer any funds from such gaming 
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