ties of the PLA and its ability to conduct joint oper-
ations. 
(13) Taiwan maintains a modern, ready, self- 
defense force that adheres to the highest democratic 
principles and benefits from continued state-of-the- 
art security assistance. 
(14) It is a vital national security interest of 
the United States to defend Taiwan for the purposes 
of— 
(A) mitigating the PLA’s ability to project 
power and establish contested zones within the 
First and Second Island Chains and limiting 
the PLA’s freedom of maneuver to conduct un-
constrained power projection capabilities beyond 
the First Island Chain in order to protect 
United States territory, such as Hawaii and 
Guam; 
(B) defending the territorial integrity of 
Indo-Pacific allies, such as Japan; 
(C) deterring other countries and competi-
tors from exercising force as a means to revise 
the established status quo; 
(D) championing democratic institutions 
and societies in the Indo-Pacific region and 
throughout the world; and 
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(E) maintaining a rules-based international 
order that— 
(i) constrains authoritarian powers; 
(ii) enshrines collective security; 
(iii) promotes democracy and respect 
for human rights and fundamental free-
doms; and 
(iv) promotes peace and prosperity. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, 
the term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ 
means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate; 
(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; 
(E) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the House of Representatives; and 
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(F) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) PEOPLE’S
LIBERATION
ARMY; PLA.—The 
terms ‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ and ‘‘PLA’’ mean 
the Armed Forces of the People’s Republic of China. 
(3) REPUBLIC OF CHINA.—The term ‘‘Republic 
of China’’ means the East Asia island country com-
monly known as ‘‘Taiwan’’. 
(4) SHARP POWER.—The term ‘‘sharp power’’ 
means the coordinated and often concealed applica-
tion of disinformation, media manipulation, eco-
nomic coercion, cyber-intrusions, targeted invest-
ments, and academic censorship that is intended— 
(A) to corrupt political and nongovern-
mental institutions and interfere in democratic 
elections and encourage self-censorship of views 
at odds with those of the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China or the Chinese Com-
munist Party; or 
(B) to foster attitudes, behavior, decisions, 
or outcomes in Taiwan and elsewhere that sup-
port the interests of the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China or the Chinese Com-
munist Party. 
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TITLE I—UNITED STATES 
POLICY TOWARD TAIWAN 
SEC. 101. DECLARATION OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to support the security of Taiwan, the sta-
bility of cross-Strait relations, and the freedom of 
the people of Taiwan to determine their own future, 
and to strenuously oppose any action by the PRC to 
use force to change the status quo of Taiwan; 
(2) to cooperate with Taiwan as an important 
partner of the United States in promoting a free and 
open Indo-Pacific; 
(3) to deter the use of force by the PRC to 
change the status quo of Taiwan by coordinating 
with allies and partners to identify and develop sig-
nificant economic, diplomatic, and other measures 
that will deter and impose costs on any such use of 
force and support and cooperate with Taiwan to im-
plement, resource, and modernize its military capa-
bilities, including an effective defense strategy, 
through security assistance and increases in defense 
spending; 
(4) to strengthen cooperation with the military 
of Taiwan under the framework of the Taiwan Rela-
tions Act (Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) 
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and the Six Assurances, with consideration of the 
ongoing military buildup in China and the military 
balance in the Taiwan Strait, and to transfer de-
fense articles to Taiwan to enhance its capabilities, 
including its efforts to undertake defensive oper-
ations and maintain the ability to deny PRC coer-
cion and invasion; 
(5) to urge Taiwan to increase its own invest-
ments in military capabilities, including those that 
support the implementation of an effective defense 
strategy; 
(6) to advance and finalize key provisions of the 
United States-Taiwan Trade and Investment Frame-
work Agreement and deepen economic ties between 
the United States and Taiwan and advance the in-
terests of the United States by negotiating a bilat-
eral free trade agreement as soon as possible, which 
will include appropriate levels of labor rights and en-
vironmental protections; 
(7) to include Taiwan as a partner in the Indo- 
Pacific Economic Framework; 
(8) to welcome Taiwan’s meaningful participa-
tion in important international organizations, includ-
ing organizations that address global health, civilian 
air safety, and efforts to counter transnational crime 
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and bilateral and multilateral security summits, mili-
tary exercises, and economic dialogues and forums; 
(9) to support the Government of Taiwan as a 
representative democratic government, constituted 
through free and fair elections that reflect the will 
of the people of Taiwan and promote dignity and re-
spect for the democratically elected leaders of Tai-
wan, who represent more than 23,000,000 citizens, 
by using the full range of diplomatic and other ap-
propriate tools available to promote Taiwan’s inter-
national space; 
(10) to ensure that distinctions in practice re-
garding United States relations with Taiwan are 
consistent with the longstanding, comprehensive, 
strategic, and values-based relationship the United 
States shares with Taiwan, and contribute to the 
peaceful resolution of cross-Strait issues; and 
(11) to create and execute a plan for enhancing 
our relationship with Taiwan by forming a robust 
partnership that— 
(A) meets current geopolitical challenges; 
(B) fully accounts for Taiwan’s democratic 
status; and 
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(C) remains faithful to United States prin-
ciples and values, consistent with the Taiwan 
Relations Act and the Six Assurances. 
SEC. 102. TREATMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF TAIWAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and other 
Federal departments and agencies shall— 
(1) engage with the democratically elected gov-
ernment of Taiwan as the legitimate representative 
of the people of Taiwan; and 
(2) end the outdated practice of referring to the 
government in Taiwan as the ‘‘Taiwan authorities’’. 
(b) NO
RESTRICTIONS
ON
BILATERAL
INTER-
ACTIONS.—Notwithstanding the continued supporting role 
of the American Institute in Taiwan in carrying out 
United States foreign policy and protecting United States 
interests in Taiwan, the United States Government shall 
not place any undue restrictions on the ability of officials 
of the Department of State or other Federal departments 
and agencies to interact directly and routinely with their 
counterparts in the Government of Taiwan. 
SEC. 103. REAUTHORIZATION OF TAIWAN ASSURANCE ACT 
OF 2020. 
Section 315 of the Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 
(Public Law 116–260) is amended— 
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(1) in subsection (c)(1), by adding at the end 
before ‘‘; and’’ the following: ‘‘and any successor 
document or related document disseminating such 
policies’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(d) PERIODIC REVIEWS.—For as long as the De-
partment of State’s guidance that governs relations with 
Taiwan described in subsection (a) remains in effect, the 
Secretary of State shall conduct periodic reviews as de-
scribed in subsection (a) and submit updated reports as 
described in subsection (c) not less frequently than every 
two years following the submission of the initial report de-
scribed in subsection (c).’’. 
SEC. 104. PROHIBITION ON MAPS DEPICTING TAIWAN AS 
PART OF THE TERRITORY OF THE PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
No funds authorized or appropriated for the Depart-
ment of State, the United States Agency for International 
Development, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the 
United States Development Finance Corporation, or the 
Peace Corps may be used to create, procure, or display 
any map that depicts Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu, 
Wuqiu, Green Island, or Orchid Island as part of the terri-
tory of the People’s Republic of China. 
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SEC. 105. TAIWAN SYMBOLS OF SOVEREIGNTY. 
(a) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘offi-
cial purposes’’ means— 
(1) the wearing of official uniforms; 
(2) conducting government-hosted ceremonies 
or functions; and 
(3) appearances on Department of State social 
media accounts promoting engagements with Tai-
wan. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
shall rescind any contact guideline, internal restriction, 
section of the Foreign Affairs Manual or the Foreign Af-
fairs Handbook, or related guidance or policies that, ex-
plicitly or implicitly, including through restrictions or limi-
tations on activities of United States Government per-
sonnel, limits the ability of members of the Armed Forces 
of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and government rep-
resentatives from the Taipei Economic and Cultural Rep-
resentative Office to display, for official purposes, symbols 
of Republic of China sovereignty, including— 
(1) the flag of the Republic of China (Taiwan); 
and 
(2) the corresponding emblems or insignia of 
military units. 
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SEC. 106. DESIGNATION AND REFERENCES TO TAIWAN REP-
RESENTATIVE OFFICE. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy 
of the United States, consistent with the Taiwan Relations 
Act (Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) and the 
Six Assurances— 
(1) to provide the people of Taiwan with de 
facto diplomatic treatment equivalent to foreign 
countries, nations, states, governments, or similar 
entities; and 
(2) to rename the ‘‘Taipei Economic and Cul-
tural Representative Office’’ in the United States as 
the ‘‘Taiwan Representative Office’’. 
(b) RENAMING.—The Secretary of State shall seek 
to enter into negotiations with the Taipei Economic and 
Cultural Representative Office to rename its office in 
Washington, DC, the ‘‘Taiwan Representative Office’’. 
(c) REFERENCES.—If the negotiations under sub-
section (b) result in the renaming of the Taipei Economic 
and Cultural Representative Office as the Taiwan Rep-
resentative Office, any reference in a law, map, regulation, 
document, paper, or other record of the United States 
Government to the Taipei Economic and Cultural Rep-
resentative Office shall be deemed to be a reference to the 
Taiwan Representative Office, including for all official 
purposes of the United States Government, all courts of 
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the United States, and any proceedings by such Govern-
ment or in such courts. 
SEC. 107. CLARIFYING AMENDMENTS. 
(a) ASIA REASSURANCE INITIATIVE ACT OF 2018.— 
Section 209(a)(2) of the Asia Reassurance Initiative Act 
of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 3301 note) is amended by striking 
‘‘, the 3 joint communiques,’’. 
(b) TAIWAN ASSURANCE ACT
OF 2020.—Section 
312(6) of the Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 (Public Law 
116–260) is amended by striking ‘‘and in accordance with 
the United States ‘One China’ policy’’. 
SEC. 108. SENATE CONFIRMATION OF THE DIRECTOR OF 
THE TAIPEI OFFICE OF THE AMERICAN INSTI-
TUTE IN TAIWAN. 
The appointment of an individual to the position of 
Director of the American Institute in Taiwan’s Taipei of-
fice shall be subject to the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate. Upon Senate confirmation, such individual shall have 
the title of Representative. 
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TITLE II—IMPLEMENTATION OF 
AN 
ENHANCED 
DEFENSE 
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE 
UNITED STATES AND TAIWAN 
SEC. 
201. 
INCREASING 
THE 
STRATEGIC 
CLARITY 
OF 
UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARDS TAIWAN’S 
DEFENSE. 
(a) DETERRENCE OF PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY 
AGGRESSION.—It is the policy of the United States to pro-
vide Taiwan arms conducive to deterring acts of aggres-
sion by the People’s Liberation Army. 
(b) PROVISION OF DEFENSE ARTICLES AND SERV-
ICES.—It is the policy of the United States to make avail-
able to Taiwan such defense articles and services in such 
quantity as may be necessary to enable Taiwan to imple-
ment a strategy to deny and deter acts of coercion or ag-
gression by the People’s Liberation Army. 
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act, 
nor the President’s action in extending diplomatic recogni-
tion to the People’s Republic of China, nor the absence 
of diplomatic relations between the people of Taiwan and 
the United States, nor the lack of formal recognition of 
Taiwan by the United States, and any related cir-
cumstances, may be construed to constitute a legal or 
practical obstacle to any otherwise lawful action of the 
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President or of any United States Government agency 
that is needed to advance or protect United States inter-
ests pertaining to Taiwan, including actions intended to 
strengthen security cooperation between the United States 
and Taiwan or to otherwise deter the use of force against 
Taiwan by the People’s Liberation Army. 
SEC. 202. SECURITY ASSISTANCE TO MODERNIZE TAIWAN’S 
SECURITY CAPABILITIES TO DETER AND DE-
FEAT AGGRESSION BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUB-
LIC OF CHINA. 
(a) TAIWAN SECURITY PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 
of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 
shall use the authorities under this section to strengthen 
the United States-Taiwan defense relationship, and to 
support the acceleration of the modernization of Taiwan’s 
defense capabilities required to deter or, if necessary, to 
defeat an invasion of Taiwan by the People’s Republic of 
China. 
(b) ANNUAL REPORT ON ADVANCING THE DEFENSE 
OF TAIWAN.— 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; and 
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(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter for 7 years, the Secretary of State 
and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit a 
report to the appropriate congressional committees 
that describes steps taken to enhance the United 
States-Taiwan defense relationship and Taiwan’s 
modernization of its defense capabilities. 
(3) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Each report 
required under paragraph (2) shall include— 
(A) an assessment of the commitment of 
Taiwan to implement a military strategy that 
will deter and, if necessary, defeat military ag-
gression by the People’s Republic of China, in-
cluding the steps that Taiwan has taken and 
the steps that Taiwan has not taken towards 
such implementation; 
(B) an assessment of the efforts of Taiwan 
to acquire and employ within its forces counter 
intervention capabilities, including— 
(i) long-range precision fires; 
(ii) integrated air and missile defense 
systems; 
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(iii) anti-ship cruise missiles; 
(iv) land-attack cruise missiles; 
(v) coastal defense; 
(vi) anti-armor; 
(vii) undersea warfare; 
(viii) survivable swarming maritime 
assets; 
(ix) manned and unmanned aerial sys-
tems; 
(x) mining and countermining capa-
bilities; 
(xi) intelligence, surveillance, and re-
connaissance capabilities; 
(xii) command and control systems; 
and 
(xiii) any other defense capabilities 
that the United States and Taiwan jointly 
determine are crucial to the defense of Tai-
wan, in accordance with the process devel-
oped pursuant to section 203(a); 
(C) an evaluation of the balance between 
conventional and counter intervention capabili-
ties in the defense force of Taiwan as of the 
date on which the report is submitted; 
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(D) an assessment of steps taken by Tai-
wan to enhance the overall readiness of its de-
fense forces, including— 
(i) the extent to which Taiwan is re-
quiring and providing regular and relevant 
training to such forces; 
(ii) the extent to which such training 
is realistic to the security environment that 
Taiwan faces; and 
(iii) the sufficiency of the financial 
and budgetary resources Taiwan is putting 
toward readiness of such forces; 
(E) an assessment of steps taken by Tai-
wan to ensure that the All-Out Defense Mobili-
zation Agency can recruit, train, equip, and mo-
bilize its forces; 
(F) an evaluation of— 
(i) the severity of manpower shortages 
in the military of Taiwan, including in the 
reserve forces; 
(ii) the impact of such shortages in 
the event of a conflict scenario; and 
(iii) the efforts made by the Govern-
ment of Taiwan to address such shortages; 
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(G) an assessment of the efforts made by 
Taiwan to boost its civilian defenses, including 
any informational campaigns to raise awareness 
among the population of Taiwan of the risks 
Taiwan faces; 
(H) an assessment of the efforts made by 
Taiwan to secure its critical infrastructure, in-
cluding in transportation, telecommunications 
networks, and energy; 
(I) an assessment of the efforts made by 
Taiwan to enhance its cybersecurity, including 
the security of civilian government and military 
networks; 
(J) an assessment of any significant gaps 
in any of the matters described in subpara-
graphs (A) through (I) with respect to which 
the United States assesses that additional ac-
tion is needed; 
(K) a description of cooperative efforts be-
tween the United States and Taiwan on the 
matters 
described 
in 
subparagraphs 
(A) 
through (J); and 
(L) a description of any resistance within 
the Government of Taiwan and the military 
leadership of Taiwan to— 
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(i) implementing the matters de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) through (I); 
or 
(ii) United States support or engage-
ment with regard to such matters. 
(4) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (2) shall be submitted in classified form, but 
shall include a detailed unclassified summary. 
(5) SHARING OF SUMMARY.—The Secretary of 
State and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly 
share the unclassified summary required under para-
graph (4) with the government and military of Tai-
wan. 
(c) AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE.—The Sec-
retary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of De-
fense, shall use amounts appropriated pursuant to sub-
section (i) to provide assistance to the Government of Tai-
wan under subsection (d). 
(d) FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING PROGRAM ES-
TABLISHED.—The Secretary of State shall establish a 
Foreign Military Financing Program to provide assist-
ance, including equipment, training, and other support, to 
enable the Government and military of Taiwan— 
(1) to accelerate the modernization of defense 
capabilities that will enable Taiwan to delay, de-
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grade, and deny attempts by People’s Liberation 
Army forces— 
(A) to conduct coercive or grey zone activi-
ties; 
(B) to achieve maritime control over the 
Taiwan Strait and adjoining seas; 
(C) to secure a lodgment on any Taiwanese 
islands and expand or otherwise use such 
lodgment to seize control of a population center 
or other key territory in Taiwan; and 
(2) to prevent the People’s Republic of China 
from decapitating, seizing control of, or otherwise 
neutralizing or rendering ineffective the Government 
of Taiwan. 
(e) REGIONAL CONTINGENCY STOCKPILE.—Of the 
amounts appropriated pursuant to subsection (i)(1), not 
more than $100,000,000 may be used during each of the 
fiscal years 2023 through 2032 to maintain a stockpile 
(if established under section 212), in accordance with sec-
tion 514 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2321h), as amended by section 211. 
(f) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.— 
(1) ANNUAL SPENDING PLAN.—Not later than 
December 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Sec-
retary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of 
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Defense, shall submit a plan to the appropriate com-
mittees of Congress describing how funds appro-
priated pursuant to subsection (i)(2) will be used to 
achieve the purposes described in subsection (d). 
(2) 
CERTIFICATION.—Amounts 
appropriated 
for each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (i)(2) 
shall be made available for the purpose described in 
such subsection after the Secretary of State certifies 
to the appropriate committees of Congress that Tai-
wan has increased its defense spending relative to 
Taiwan’s defense spending in its prior fiscal year, 
excepting accounts in Taiwan’s defense budget re-
lated to personnel expenditures, (other than military 
training and education and any funding related to 
the All-Out Defense Mobilization Agency). 
(3) REMAINING FUNDS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), amounts appropriated for a fiscal 
year pursuant to subsection (i)(2) that are not 
obligated and expended during such fiscal year 
shall be added to the amount that may be used 
for Foreign Military Financing to Taiwan in 
the subsequent fiscal year. 
(B) RESCISSION.—Amounts appropriated 
pursuant to subsection (i)(2) that remain unob-
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ligated on September 30, 2027 shall be re-
scinded and deposited into the general fund of 
the Treasury. 
(g) DEFENSE ARTICLES AND SERVICES FROM THE 
UNITED STATES INVENTORY AND OTHER SOURCES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—In addition to assistance 
provided pursuant to subsection (c), the Secretary of 
State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, 
may make available to the Government of Taiwan, 
in such quantities as the Secretary of State con-
siders appropriate to provide assistance to the Gov-
ernment of Taiwan under subsection (d)— 
(A) weapons and other defense articles 
from the United States inventory and other 
sources; and 
(B) defense services. 
(2) REPLACEMENT.—The Secretary of State 
may use amounts appropriated pursuant to sub-
section (i)(2) for the cost of replacing any item pro-
vided to the Government of Taiwan pursuant to 
paragraph (1)(A). 
(h) FOREIGN MILITARY FINANCING LOAN AND LOAN 
GUARANTEE AUTHORITY.— 
(1) DIRECT LOANS.— 
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(A) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding sec-
tion 23(c)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2763), during fiscal years 2023 
through 2027, the Secretary of State may make 
direct loans available for Taiwan pursuant to 
section 23 of such Act. 
(B) MAXIMUM OBLIGATIONS.—Gross obli-
gations for the principal amounts of loans au-
thorized under subparagraph (A) may not ex-
ceed $2,000,000,000. 
(C) SOURCE OF FUNDS.— 
(i) DEFINED TERM.—In this subpara-
graph, the term ‘‘cost’’— 
(I) has the meaning given such 
term in section 502(5) of the Congres-
sional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 
661a(5)); 
(II) shall include the cost of 
modifying a loan authorized under 
subparagraph (A); and 
(III) may include the costs of 
selling, reducing, or cancelling any 
amounts owed to the United States or 
to any agency of the United States. 
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(ii) IN
GENERAL.—Amounts appro-
priated pursuant to subsection (i)(1) may 
be made available to pay for the cost of 
loans authorized under subparagraph (A). 
(D) FEES AUTHORIZED.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Government of 
the United States may charge fees for 
loans made pursuant to subparagraph (A), 
which shall be collected from borrowers 
through a financing account (as defined in 
section 502(7) of the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a(7)). 
(ii) LIMITATION ON FEE PAYMENTS.— 
Amounts made available under any appro-
priations Act for any fiscal year may not 
be used to pay any fees associated with a 
loan authorized under subparagraph (A). 
(E) REPAYMENT.—Loans made pursuant 
to subparagraph (A) shall be repaid not later 
than 12 years after the loan is received by the 
borrower, including a grace period of not more 
than 1 year on repayment of principal. 
(F) INTEREST.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding 
section 23(c)(1) of the Arms Export Con-
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trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2763(c)(1), interest for 
loans made pursuant to subparagraph (A) 
may be charged at a rate determined by 
the Secretary of State, except that such 
rate may not be less than the prevailing in-
terest rate on marketable Treasury securi-
ties of similar maturity. 
(ii) TREATMENT OF LOAN AMOUNTS 
USED TO PAY INTEREST.—Amounts made 
available under this paragraph for interest 
costs shall not be considered assistance for 
the purposes of any statutory limitation on 
assistance to a country. 
(2) LOAN GUARANTEES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Amounts appropriated 
pursuant to subsection (i)(1) may be made 
available for the costs of loan guarantees for 
Taiwan under section 24 of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2764) for Taiwan to 
subsidize gross obligations for the principal 
amount of commercial loans and total loan 
principal, any part of which may be guaranteed, 
not to exceed $2,000,000,000. 
(B) MAXIMUM
AMOUNTS.—A loan guar-
antee authorized under subparagraph (A)— 
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(i) may not guarantee a loan that ex-
ceeds $2,000,000,000; and 
(ii) may not exceed 80 percent of the 
loan principal with respect to any single 
borrower. 
(C) SUBORDINATION.—Any loan guaran-
teed pursuant to subparagraph (A) may not be 
subordinated to— 
(i) another debt contracted by the 
borrower; or 
(ii) any other claims against the bor-
rower in the case of default. 
(D) REPAYMENT.—Repayment in United 
States dollars of any loan guaranteed under 
this paragraph shall be required not later than 
12 years after the loan agreement is signed. 
(E) FEES.—Notwithstanding section 24 of 
the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2764), 
the Government of the United States may 
charge fees for loan guarantees authorized 
under subparagraph (A), which shall be col-
lected from borrowers, or from third parties on 
behalf of such borrowers, through a financing 
account (as defined in section 502(7) of the 
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Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 
661a(7)). 
(F) TREATMENTS
OF
LOAN
GUARAN-
TEES.—Amounts made available under this 
paragraph for the costs of loan guarantees au-
thorized under subparagraph (A) shall not be 
considered assistance for the purposes of any 
statutory limitation on assistance to a country. 
(3) NOTIFICATION
REQUIREMENT.—Amounts 
appropriated to carry out this subsection may not be 
expended without prior notification of the appro-
priate committees of Congress. 
(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In 
addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be ap-
propriated for Foreign Military Financing, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of 
State for Taiwan Foreign Military Finance grant as-
sistance— 
(A) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(B) $750,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(C) $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(D) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
and 
(E) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
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(2) 
TRAINING
AND
EDUCATION.—Of 
the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated under para-
graph (1), the Secretary of State shall use not less 
than $2,000,000 per fiscal year for 1 or more blan-
ket order Foreign Military Financing training pro-
grams related to the defense needs of Taiwan. 
(j) SUNSET PROVISION.—Assistance may not be pro-
vided under this section after September 30, 2032. 
SEC. 203. ANTICIPATORY PLANNING AND ANNUAL REVIEW 
OF THE UNITED STATES STRATEGY TO DE-
FEND TAIWAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 
for 10 years, the Secretary of Defense shall— 
(1) conduct a classified review of the United 
States strategy to defend Taiwan; and 
(2) share the results of such review with the 
Chairman and Ranking Member of the appropriate 
committees of Congress. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The review conducted pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) an assessment of Taiwan’s current and 
near-term capabilities, United States force readiness, 
and the adequacy of the United States strategy to 
enable the defense of Taiwan; 
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(2) a detailed strategy of denial to defend Tai-
wan against aggression by the People’s Liberation 
Army, including an effort to seize and hold the is-
land of Taiwan; 
(3) a comprehensive assessment of risks to the 
United States and United States interests, including 
readiness shortfalls that pose strategic risk; 
(4) a review of indicators of the near-term like-
lihood of the use of force by the People’s Liberation 
Army against Taiwan; and 
(5) a list of military capabilities, including ca-
pabilities that enable a strategy of denial, that— 
(A) would suit the operational environment 
and allow Taiwan to respond effectively to a va-
riety of contingencies across all potential phases 
of conflict involving the People’s Liberation 
Army; and 
(B) would reduce the threat of conflict, 
thwart an invasion, and mitigate other risks to 
the United States and Taiwan. 
SEC. 204. JOINT ASSESSMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall establish and 
maintain a joint consultative mechanism with Taiwan that 
convenes on a recurring basis— 
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(1) to develop a joint assessment of, and coordi-
nate planning with respect to, the threats Taiwan 
faces from the People’s Republic of China across the 
spectrum of possible military action; and 
(2) to identify nonmaterial and material solu-
tions to deter and defeat such threats. 
(b) INTEGRATED PRIORITIES LIST.—In carrying out 
subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense, in consultation 
with the Secretary of State, shall develop with Taiwan— 
(1) an integrated priorities list; 
(2) relevant plans for acquisition and training 
for relevant nonmaterial and material solutions; and 
(3) other measures to appropriately prioritize 
the defense needs of Taiwan to maintain effective 
deterrence across the spectrum of possible military 
action by the People’s Republic of China. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 
the following 5 years, the Secretary of Defense, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit a report 
to the appropriate committees of Congress that describes 
the joint assessment developed pursuant to subsection 
(a)(1). 
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SEC. 205. REQUIREMENTS REGARDING DEFINITION OF 
COUNTER INTERVENTION CAPABILITIES. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to ensure that requests by Taiwan to pur-
chase arms from the United States are not pre-
maturely rejected or dismissed before Taiwan sub-
mits a letter of request or other formal documenta-
tion, particularly when such requests are for capa-
bilities that are not included on any United States 
Government priority lists of necessary capabilities 
for the defense of Taiwan; 
(2) to ensure requests by Taiwan to purchase 
arms from the United States are evaluated with full 
consideration of the United States strategy to de-
fend Taiwan pursuant to section 203 and the joint 
consultative mechanism with Taiwan pursuant to 
section 204; and 
(3) to ensure close consultation among rep-
resentatives of Taiwan, Congress, industry, and the 
Executive branch about requests referred to in para-
graph (1) and the needs of Taiwan before Taiwan 
submits formal requests for such purchases. 
(b) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 45 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
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and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress— 
(1) a list of categories of counter intervention 
capabilities and a justification for each such cat-
egory; and 
(2) a description of the degree to which the 
United States has a policy of openness or flexibility 
for evaluating requests by Taiwan to purchase arms 
from the United States that may not fall within the 
scope of counter intervention capabilities included in 
the list required under paragraph (1), due to consid-
erations such as— 
(A) joint planning of respective mission 
roles between the United States, Taiwan, and 
other parties in the event of conflict concerning 
Taiwan; 
(B) the evolution of defense technologies; 
(C) the identification of new concepts of 
operation or ways to employ certain capabilities; 
and 
(D) other factors that might change as-
sessments by the United States and Taiwan of 
what constitutes counter intervention capabili-
ties. 
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SEC. 206. COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the 
Secretary of Defense shall establish or expand a com-
prehensive training program with Taiwan designed to— 
(1) enhance interoperability and capabilities for 
joint operations between the United States and Tai-
wan; 
(2) enhance rapport and deepen partnership be-
tween the militaries of the United States and Tai-
wan, and foster understanding of the United States 
among individuals in Taiwan; 
(3) improve Taiwan’s defense capabilities; and 
(4) train future leaders of Taiwan, promote 
professional military education, civilian control of 
the military, and protection of human rights. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The training program required by 
subsection (a) should prioritize relevant and realistic 
training, including as necessary joint United States-Tai-
wan contingency tabletop exercises, war games, full-scale 
military exercises, and an enduring rotational United 
States military presence that assists Taiwan in maintain-
ing force readiness and utilizing United States defense ar-
ticles and services transferred from the United States to 
Taiwan. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF PARTICIPATION OF TAIWAN 
IN
THE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
AND 
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TRAINING PROGRAM.—Taiwan is authorized to partici-
pate in the International Military Education and Training 
program for the purposes described in subsection (a) and 
to carry out the elements described in subsection (b). 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 
the following 3 years, the Secretary of State, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a classified report 
that describes all training provided to the Armed Forces 
of Taiwan in the prior fiscal year, including— 
(1) a description of advancements in United 
States-Taiwan military interoperability pursuant to 
such training; 
(2) a description of increasing familiarization of 
the militaries of the United States and Taiwan with 
each other pursuant to such training; 
(3) improvements to Taiwan’s defense capabili-
ties pursuant to such training; and 
(4) an identification of all requests from Tai-
wan for further training. 
SEC. 207. JOINT EXERCISES WITH TAIWAN. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
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SEC. 208. ASSESSMENT OF TAIWAN’S NEEDS FOR CIVILIAN 
DEFENSE AND RESILIENCE. 
(a) ASSESSMENT REQUIRED.—Not later than 120 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of State and the Secretary of Defense, in coordination 
with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit a 
written, classified assessment of Taiwan’s needs in the 
areas of civilian defense and resilience to the appropriate 
committees of Congress, the Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The assessment 
required under subsection (a) shall— 
(1) analyze the potential role of Taiwan’s public 
and civilian assets in defending against various sce-
narios for foreign militaries to coerce or conduct 
military aggression against Taiwan; 
(2) carefully analyze Taiwan’s needs for en-
hancing its defensive capabilities through the sup-
port of civilians and civilian sectors, including— 
(A) greater utilization of Taiwan’s high 
tech labor force; 
(B) the creation of clear structures and lo-
gistics support for civilian defense role alloca-
tion; 
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(C) recruitment and skills training for Tai-
wan’s defense and civilian sectors; 
(D) strategic stockpiling of resources re-
lated to critical food security and medical sup-
plies; and 
(E) other defense needs and considerations 
at the provincial, city, and neighborhood levels; 
(3) analyze Taiwan’s needs for enhancing resil-
iency among its people and in key economic sectors; 
(4) identify opportunities for Taiwan to en-
hance communications and strengthen cooperation 
between the military, other government departments, 
civilian agencies, and the general public, including— 
(A) communications infrastructure nec-
essary to ensure reliable communications in re-
sponse to a conflict or crisis; and 
(B) a plan to effectively communicate to 
the general public in response to a conflict or 
crisis; and 
(5) identify the areas and means through which 
the United States could provide training and assist-
ance to support the needs discovered through the as-
sessment and fill any critical gaps where capacity 
falls short of such needs. 
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(c) FORM OF REPORT.—Notwithstanding the classi-
fied nature of the assessment required under subsection 
(a), the assessment shall be shared with appropriate offi-
cials of the Government of Taiwan to facilitate coopera-
tion. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be 
appropriated to complete the assessment required 
under subsection (a)— 
(A) $500,000 for the Department of State; 
and 
(B) $500,000 for the Department of De-
fense. 
(2) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of 
State and the Secretary of Defense are authorized to 
transfer any funds appropriated to their respective 
departments pursuant to paragraph (1) to the Di-
rector of National Intelligence for the purposes of 
facilitating the contributions of the intelligence com-
munity to the assessment required under subsection 
(a). 
SEC. 209. ANNUAL REPORT ON COOPERATION BETWEEN 
THE NATIONAL GUARD AND TAIWAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than February 15, 
2023, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense 
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shall submit to the congressional defense committees (as 
defined in section 101 of title 10, United States Code) 
a report on the feasibility and advisability of enhanced co-
operation between the National Guard and Taiwan. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by subsection 
(a) shall include the following: 
(1) A description of the cooperation between the 
National Guard and Taiwan during the preceding 
calendar year, including mutual visits, exercises, 
training, and equipment opportunities. 
(2) An evaluation of the feasibility of enhancing 
cooperation between the National Guard and Taiwan 
on a range of activities, including— 
(A) disaster and emergency response; 
(B) cyber defense and communications se-
curity; 
(C) military medical cooperation; 
(D) cultural exchange and education of 
members of the National Guard in Mandarin 
Chinese; and 
(E) programs for National Guard advisors 
to assist in training the reserve components of 
the military forces of Taiwan. 
(3) Recommendations to enhance such coopera-
tion and improve interoperability, including through 
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familiarization visits, cooperative training and exer-
cises, and co-deployments. 
(4) Any other matter the Secretary of Defense 
determines appropriate. 
SEC. 210. PRIORITIZING EXCESS DEFENSE ARTICLE TRANS-
FERS FOR TAIWAN. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States Government should appro-
priately prioritize the review of excess defense article 
transfers to Taiwan. 
(b) FIVE-YEAR PLAN.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 
shall— 
(1) develop a 5-year plan to appropriately 
prioritize excess defense article transfers to Taiwan; 
and 
(2) submit a report to the appropriate commit-
tees of Congress that describes such plan. 
(c) REQUIRED COORDINATION.—The United States 
Government shall coordinate and align excess defense arti-
cle transfers with capacity-building efforts of Taiwan. 
(d) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 516(c)(2) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2321j(c)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘and to the 
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Philippines’’ and inserting ‘‘, to the Philippines, and 
to Taiwan’’. 
(2) TREATMENT OF TAIWAN.—With respect to 
the transfer of excess defense articles under section 
516(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as 
amended by paragraph (1), Taiwan shall receive the 
same benefits as the other countries referred to in 
such section. 
SEC. 211. FAST-TRACKING SALES TO TAIWAN UNDER THE 
FOREIGN MILITARY SALES PROGRAM. 
(a) PRIORITIZED PROCESSING AND PROHIBITION ON 
BUNDLING
OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES REQUESTS 
FROM TAIWAN.—The Secretary of State, in coordination 
with the Secretary of Defense, shall appropriately 
prioritize and expedite the processing of requests from 
Taiwan under the Foreign Military Sales program con-
sistent with the Arms Export Control Act and in further-
ance of the Taiwan Relations Act. 
(b) USE
OF
SPECIAL
DEFENSE
ACQUISITION 
FUND.—The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with 
the Secretary of State, shall seek to utilize the Special De-
fense Acquisition Fund established under chapter 5 of the 
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) to ex-
pedite the procurement and delivery of defense articles 
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and defense services for the purpose of assisting and sup-
porting the Armed Forces of Taiwan. 
(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually there-
after for the following 10 years, the Secretary of State, 
in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit 
a report to the appropriate committees of Congress that 
describes the steps that have been taken to carry out sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 212. ARMS EXPORT DELIVERY SOLUTIONS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) prioritizing the defense needs of United 
States allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific is a 
national security priority; and 
(2) sustained support to key Indo-Pacific part-
ners for interoperable defense systems is critical to 
preserve— 
(A) the safety and security of American 
persons; 
(B) the free flow of commerce through 
international trade routes; 
(C) the United States commitment to col-
lective security agreements, territorial integrity, 
and recognized maritime boundaries; 
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(D) United States values regarding democ-
racy and commitment to maintaining a free and 
open Indo-Pacific; and 
(E) Taiwan’s defense capability. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than March 1, 
2023, and annually thereafter for a period of five years, 
the Secretary of State, with the concurrence of the Sec-
retary of Defense, shall transmit to the appropriate com-
mittees of Congress a report with respect to the transfer 
of all defense articles or defense services that have yet to 
be completed pursuant to the authorities provided by— 
(1) section 3, 21, or 36 of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2753, 2761, or 2776); or 
(2) section 516(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321j(c)(2)). 
(c) ELEMENTS.—The report required under sub-
section (b) shall include the following elements: 
(1) A list of all approved transfers of defense 
articles and services authorized by Congress pursu-
ant to sections 25 and 36 of the Arms Export Con-
trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2765, 2776) with a total value 
of $25,000,000 or more, to Taiwan, Japan, South 
Korea, Australia, or New Zealand, that have not 
been fully delivered by the start of the fiscal year in 
which the report is being submitted. 
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(2) The estimated start and end dates of deliv-
ery for each approved and incomplete transfer listed 
pursuant to paragraph (1), including additional de-
tails and dates for any transfers that involve mul-
tiple tranches of deliveries. 
(3) With respect to each approved and incom-
plete transfer listed pursuant to paragraph (1), a de-
tailed description of— 
(A) any changes in the delivery dates of 
defense articles or services relative to the dates 
anticipated at the time of congressional ap-
proval of the transfer, including specific reasons 
for any delays related to the United States Gov-
ernment, defense suppliers, or a foreign part-
ner; 
(B) the feasibility and advisability of pro-
viding the partner subject to such delayed deliv-
ery with an interim capability or solution, in-
cluding drawing from United States stocks, and 
the mechanisms under consideration for doing 
so as well as any challenges to implementing 
such a capability or solution; 
(C) authorities, appropriations, or waiver 
requests that Congress could provide to improve 
delivery timelines or authorize the provision of 
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interim capabilities or solutions identified pur-
suant to subparagraph (B); and 
(D) a description of which countries are 
ahead of Taiwan for delivery of each item listed 
pursuant to paragraph (1). 
(4) A description of ongoing interagency efforts 
to support attainment of operational capability of 
the corresponding defense articles and services once 
delivered, including advance training with United 
States or Armed Forces of partner countries on the 
systems to be received. The description of any such 
training shall also include an identification of the 
training implementer. 
(5) If a transfer listed pursuant to paragraph 
(1) has been terminated prior to the date of the sub-
mission of the report for any reason— 
(A) the case information for such transfer, 
including the date of congressional notification, 
delivery date of the Letter of Offer and Accept-
ance (LOA), final signature of the LOA, and 
information pertaining to delays in delivering 
LOAs for signature; 
(B) a description of the reasons for which 
the transfer is no longer in effect; and 
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(c) REPORT CONCERNING TAIWAN’S MEANINGFUL 
PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION 
ORGANIZATION.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and not later than April 1 
of each year thereafter for the following 6 years, the Sec-
retary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Com-
merce, shall submit an unclassified report to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
that— 
(1) describes the United States plan to ensure 
Taiwan’s meaningful participation in ICAO, includ-
ing in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, con-
ferences, technical working groups, meetings, activi-
ties, and mechanisms; 
(2) includes an account of the efforts made by 
the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Com-
merce to ensure Taiwan’s meaningful participation 
in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly ses-
sions, conferences, technical working groups, meet-
ings, activities, and mechanisms; and 
(3) identifies the steps the Secretary of State 
and the Secretary of Commerce will take in the next 
year to ensure Taiwan’s meaningful participation in 
ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly ses-
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waived for a fellow serving a two-year fellow-
ship, the training portion of his or her fellow-
ship may be shortened to the extent appro-
priate. 
(D) 
OFFICE; 
STAFFING.—The 
imple-
menting partner, in consultation with the De-
partment of State and the American Institute 
in Taiwan, shall maintain an office and at least 
one full-time staff member in Taiwan— 
(i) to liaise with the American Insti-
tute in Taiwan and the governing authori-
ties on Taiwan; and 
(ii) to serve as the primary in-country 
point of contact for the recipients of fellow-
ships under this section and their depend-
ents. 
(E) 
OTHER
FUNCTIONS.—The 
imple-
menting partner should perform other functions 
in association in support of the Program, in-
cluding logistical and administrative functions, 
as prescribed by the Department of State and 
the American Institute in Taiwan. 
(4) NONCOMPLIANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Any fellow who fails to 
comply with the requirements under this section 
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pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
shall reimburse the American Institute in Tai-
wan for— 
(i) the Federal funds expended for the 
fellow’s participation in the fellowship, as 
set forth in subparagraphs (B) and (C); 
and 
(ii) interest accrued on such funds 
(calculated at the prevailing rate). 
(B) FULL REIMBURSEMENT.—Any fellow 
who violates subparagraph (A) or (B) of para-
graph (2) shall reimburse the American Insti-
tute in Taiwan in an amount equal to the sum 
of— 
(i) all of the Federal funds expended 
for the fellow’s participation in the fellow-
ship; and 
(ii) interest on the amount specified in 
clause (i), which shall be calculated at the 
prevailing rate. 
(C) PRO RATA REIMBURSEMENT.—Any fel-
low who violates paragraph (2)(C) shall reim-
burse the American Institute in Taiwan in an 
amount equal to the difference between— 
(i) the amount specified in subpara-
graph (B); and 
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pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS