I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2389 
To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to the jurisdiction 
of Federal courts over certain cases and controversies involving the 
Pledge of Allegiance. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 17, 2005 
Mr. AKIN (for himself, Mr. MCINTYRE, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. BACHUS, Mr. 
BAKER, Mr. BARRETT of South Carolina, Mr. BARTLETT of Maryland, 
Mr. BEAUPREZ, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. BISHOP of Utah, Mr. BISHOP of 
Georgia, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. BOEHNER, Mrs. BONO, Mr. 
BOOZMAN, Mr. BOUSTANY, Mr. BRADLEY of New Hampshire, Mr. 
BRADY of Texas, Mr. BROWN of South Carolina, Ms. GINNY BROWN- 
WAITE of Florida, Mr. BURGESS, Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Mr. BUYER, 
Mr. CALVERT, Mr. CANTOR, Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. CARTER, Mr. CHABOT, 
Mr. CHOCOLA, Mr. COBLE, Mr. COLE of Oklahoma, Mr. COSTELLO, Mr. 
CRENSHAW, Mrs. CUBIN, Mr. CULBERSON, Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mrs. JO 
ANN DAVIS of Virginia, Mr. DAVIS of Tennessee, Mr. TOM DAVIS of Vir-
ginia, Mr. DELAY, Mr. LINCOLN DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. MARIO 
DIAZ-BALART of Florida, Mr. DOOLITTLE, Mrs. DRAKE, Mr. DUNCAN, 
Mr. EHLERS, Mrs. EMERSON, Mr. EVERETT, Mr. FEENEY, Mr. FER-
GUSON, Mr. FORBES, Mr. FOSSELLA, Ms. FOXX, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, 
Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. GARRETT of New Jersey, Mr. GERLACH, Mr. 
GINGREY, Mr. GOHMERT, Mr. GOODE, Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas, Mr. 
GUTKNECHT, Mr. HALL, Ms. HARRIS, Ms. HART, Mr. HASTINGS of 
Washington, Mr. HAYES, Mr. HAYWORTH, Mr. HENSARLING, Mr. 
HERGER, Mr. HOSTETTLER, Mr. HULSHOF, Mr. HUNTER, Mr. HYDE, 
Mr. ISSA, Mr. ISTOOK, Mr. JENKINS, Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. 
JONES of North Carolina, Mr. KELLER, Mr. KENNEDY of Minnesota, Mr. 
KING
of Iowa, Mr. KLINE, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. LATHAM, Mr. 
LATOURETTE, Mr. LEACH, Mr. LEWIS of Kentucky, Mr. LOBIONDO, Mr. 
MANZULLO, Mr. MARSHALL, Mr. MCCOTTER, Mr. MCHENRY, Mr. 
MCHUGH, Mr. MCKEON, Mr. MICA, Mr. GARY G. MILLER of California, 
Mr. MILLER
of Florida, Mrs. MUSGRAVE, Mrs. MYRICK, Mr. 
NEUGEBAUER, Mr. NEY, Mrs. NORTHUP, Mr. NORWOOD, Mr. NUSSLE, 
Mr. OTTER, Mr. PAUL, Mr. PEARCE, Mr. PENCE, Mr. PICKERING, Mr. 
PITTS, Mr. PLATTS, Mr. PRICE of Georgia, Mr. PUTNAM, Mr. RADANO-
VICH, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. RAMSTAD, Mr. REHBERG, Mr. RENZI, Mr. REY-
NOLDS, Mr. ROGERS of Kentucky, Mr. ROGERS of Alabama, Mr. ROGERS
of Michigan, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. RYAN of Wisconsin, Mr. RYUN of 
Kansas, Mr. SHADEGG, Mr. SHIMKUS, Mr. SHUSTER, Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. 
SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. SMITH of Texas, Mr. SODREL, Mr. SOUDER, 
Mr. STEARNS, Mr. SULLIVAN, Mr. TAYLOR of North Carolina, Mr. 
THORNBERRY, Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. UPTON, Mr. WALDEN of Oregon, Mr. 
WELDON of Pennsylvania, Mr. WELDON of Florida, Mr. WHITFIELD, Mr. 
WICKER, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. WOLF, Mr. YOUNG of Flor-
ida, Mr. YOUNG of Alaska, and Mr. TIBERI) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend title 28, United States Code, with respect to 
the jurisdiction of Federal courts over certain cases and 
controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pledge Protection Act 
of 2005’’. 
SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON JURISDICTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 99 of title 28, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 1632. Limitation on jurisdiction 
‘‘(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), no court 
created by Act of Congress shall have any jurisdiction, and 
the Supreme Court shall have no appellate jurisdiction, to 
hear or decide any question pertaining to the interpreta-
tion of, or the validity under the Constitution of, the
Pledge of Allegiance, as defined in section 4 of title 4, 
or its recitation. 
‘‘(b) The limitation in subsection (a) does not apply 
to— 
‘‘(1) any court established by Congress under 
its power to make needful rules and regulations re-
specting the territory of the United States; or 
‘‘(2) the Superior Court of the District of Co-
lumbia or the District of Columbia Court of Ap-
peals;’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 99 of title 28, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 
item: 
‘‘1632. Limitation on jurisdiction.’’. 
Æ