(7) as of January 1, 2005, over 13,000,000 
children, or 18.5 percent of all children, in the 
United States were living in poverty and 11 percent 
of the households in the United States were food in-
secure; 
(8) missing breakfast and the resulting hunger 
has been shown to lower the ability of children to 
learn and hinder academic performance; 
(9) Provision 2 as established under subsections 
(b) through (k) of section 245.9 of title 7, Code of 
Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), re-
duces application and administrative burdens for 
schools that provide universal free meals; 
(10) schools electing to implement school break-
fast programs face significant hurdles, such as start- 
up costs and lack of participation, that require var-
ious additional resources for the best solution; 
(11) school districts that are participating in 
the Provision 2 option described in paragraph (9) 
have found that the school districts can often pro-
vide universal free breakfast in schools with as little 
as 60 to 75 percent of students who are eligible for 
free and reduced-price school meals due to the sav-
ings realized from reduced administrative costs and 
improved economies of scale; 
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(12) studies suggest that eating breakfast clos-
er to class and test-taking time improves student 
performance on standardized tests relative to stu-
dents who skip breakfast or have breakfast at home; 
(13) studies show that children experiencing 
hunger are more likely to be hyperactive, absent, 
tardy, or have behavioral or attention problems; 
(14) students who eat a complete breakfast 
have been shown to make fewer mistakes and work 
faster in math exercises than those who eat a partial 
breakfast; 
(15) eating school breakfast has been shown to 
improve math grades, attendance, and punctuality; 
(16) providing breakfast in the classroom has 
been shown in several instances to improve attentive-
ness and academic performance, while reducing tar-
diness and disciplinary referrals; 
(17) providing universal free breakfast, espe-
cially in the classroom, has been shown to signifi-
cantly increase school breakfast participation rates 
and decrease absences and tardiness; 
(18) studies suggest that children who eat 
breakfast have more adequate nutrition and intake 
of nutrients, such as calcium, fiber, protein, and vi-
tamins A, E, D, and B6; 
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(19) studies suggest that some students who 
participate in the school breakfast program or other 
nutrition programs have a lower body mass index 
and risk of being overweight; 
(20) local produce (as compared to transported 
produce)— 
(A) is often harvested closer to full ripe-
ness; 
(B) can have higher nutritional quality; 
(C) can have improved ripeness, taste, or 
selection, which can increase rates of consump-
tion of fruits and vegetables; and 
(D) is more efficient to store, distribute, 
and package; and 
(21) use of local produce— 
(A) reduces dependence on foreign oil by 
reducing fuel consumption rates associated with 
the production or transportation of fruits and 
vegetables; and 
(B) can help to improve the ability of indi-
viduals using the procurement system to pro-
vide education on nutrition, farming, sustain-
ability, energy efficiency, and the importance of 
local purchases to the local economy. 
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(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to improve 
student learning and the classroom environment through 
expanded and improved school breakfast programs, par-
ticularly universal programs provided during the school 
day. 
SEC. 3. GRANTS FOR EXPANSION OF SCHOOL BREAKFAST 
PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND EDU-
CATION OF CHILDREN. 
Part D of title V of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7241 et seq.) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘Subpart V—Grants for Expansion of School Break-
fast Programs to Improve Health and Education 
of Children 
‘‘SEC. 5621. GRANTS FOR EXPANSION OF SCHOOL BREAK-
FAST PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND 
EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF QUALIFYING SCHOOL.—In this 
section the term ‘qualifying school’ means a school pro-
viding elementary or secondary education (kindergarten 
through grade 12) at least 65 percent of the students of 
which are eligible for free or reduced-price school lunches 
under the school lunch program established under the 
Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 
1751 et seq.). 
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‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program under which the Secretary shall provide 
grants, on a competitive basis, to local education agencies 
or State departments of education for use in accordance 
with this section. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall consult 
and coordinate, as appropriate, with the Secretary of Agri-
culture with respect to grant elements, application review 
criteria, and analyses of grant impacts that relate to or 
overlap with Department of Agriculture activities or exper-
tise, such as nutrition and school meal program rules. 
‘‘(d) GRANTS TO LOCAL EDUCATION AGENCIES OR 
STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION.—The amount of 
grants provided by the Secretary to local education agen-
cies or State departments of education for a fiscal year 
under this section shall not exceed the lesser of— 
‘‘(1) the product obtained by multiplying— 
‘‘(A) the number of qualifying schools re-
ceiving subgrants or other benefits under sub-
section (e) for the fiscal year; and 
‘‘(B) the maximum amount of a subgrant 
provided to a qualifying school under subsection 
(e)(3)(B); or 
‘‘(2) $2,000,000. 
‘‘(e) SUBGRANTS TO QUALIFYING SCHOOLS.— 
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