(13) The international community has endorsed 
Afghanistan’s longer-term development following the 
war and identified the criticality of the ‘‘trans-
formation decade’’ from 2015–2024 outlined by the 
Government of Afghanistan and has acknowledged 
that the Government of Afghanistan will seek con-
tinued international assistance in order for it to be-
come a stable, self-sustained partner in the commu-
nity of democratic countries. 
(14) As development assistance from the United 
States and broader international community gradu-
ally diminishes in the coming years, the accelerated 
development of the Afghan private sector and gov-
erning institutions becomes even more necessary to 
maintain the gains of the past decade and to en-
hance our mutual goals of Afghan security and sta-
bility. 
(15) While Afghan National Security Forces 
(ANSF) have taken over lead combat responsibil-
ities, they continue to operate in close coordination 
with, and with significant resources from the inter-
national community, under the Resolute Support 
Mission and in coordination with ongoing counterter-
rorism operations. Development of civilian oversight 
institutions for the security sector has lagged. Such 
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oversight will be important for ensuring that Afghan 
security forces are accountable and do not abuse 
their powers. 
SEC. 102. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES ASSIST-
ANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN AFGHANI-
STAN. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the National Unity Government of Afghani-
stan has made a substantial commitment to reform 
that should be supported but also subject to height-
ened scrutiny by the Afghan people and inter-
national donors given past failures and persistent 
challenges in the country; 
(2) Afghanistan is at a critical inflection point, 
having gone through political and security transi-
tions as the international community draws down its 
military forces. The international community should 
work closely with the new government in supporting 
development priorities for the rest of the trans-
formation decade that translate into producing con-
crete development results for the Afghan people; 
(3) sustainable accountability and reform of Af-
ghan governing institutions will not come from the 
international community but from a commitment by 
the Government of Afghanistan and society rein-
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forced by domestic watchdog groups and internal 
government accountability monitoring mechanisms; 
(4) the United States Government should deep-
en its dialogue on anti-corruption efforts with the 
Government of Afghanistan to develop effective over-
sight mechanisms to ensure large donor contracts do 
not contribute to corruption; 
(5) the United States should encourage Af-
ghanistan’s participation in the Open Government 
Partnership, a multilateral initiative in which gov-
ernment and civil society collaborate to promote 
transparency, fight corruption, and use technologies 
to strengthen government; 
(6) the United States should urge the Govern-
ment of Afghanistan to build upon existing anti- 
money laundering and countering terrorism financ-
ing legislation by developing effective regulations 
and institutions to implement reforms; 
(7) the United States should urge the Govern-
ment of Afghanistan to broaden personal asset dis-
closures to include members of the covered officials’ 
immediate families or households and develop effec-
tive mechanisms for verifying disclosed information; 
(8) in the event of future egregious cases of 
corruption in Afghanistan, the President should im-
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pose visa bans and asset freezes on those respon-
sible, especially in instances where United States as-
sistance is stolen or misappropriated; 
(9) the United States Government should co-
operate with the Government of Afghanistan and 
with international donors to develop a series of strict 
accountability benchmarks based on the refreshed 
Tokyo Mutual Accountability Framework and the 
Government of Afghanistan’s own ‘‘Realizing Self 
Reliance’’ report commitments that will condition 
levels of assistance and the amount of on-budget as-
sistance on anti-corruption performance acceptable 
to donors; 
(10) the United States should support the Af-
ghan Parliament to refine and strengthen the legal 
framework of anti-corruption and anti-money laun-
dering laws to address beneficial ownership, coun-
tering bid-rigging and other contracting and pro-
curement fraud, criminal investigations of financial 
transactions, complementary banks, personal asset 
or other financial declarations and disclosures as re-
quired by law or regulation, efforts to meet FATF 
requirements, and other areas to further inhibit the 
illicit flow of money; 
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(11) the commitment by the Government of Af-
ghanistan to strengthen its nascent private sector 
should be supported and sustained using the full 
array of tools of the United States, including tech-
nical and legal assistance; 
(12) United States assistance to the Afghan ju-
dicial system and other Afghan legal institutions 
that enable and empower private sector development 
by instilling greater investor confidence should be 
prioritized to ensure the protection of private prop-
erty, the sanctity of contracts, and effective dispute 
resolution mechanisms for businesses and investors; 
(13) the United States Government should 
identify opportunities for the United States to intro-
duce trade facilitation as part of the economic rela-
tionship between the two countries; 
(14) the Governments of the United States and 
Afghanistan should work together to identify more 
Afghan products and raw materials to be included 
on the United States Generalized System of Pref-
erences (GSP) treatment list; 
(15) the American University of Afghanistan is 
an emerging pillar in Afghanistan’s education sys-
tem and has provided a unique opportunity for high-
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er education for Afghan youth, especially women; 
and 
(16) the United States should encourage the 
Government of Afghanistan to implement with ur-
gency electoral reforms in accordance with the 
‘‘Agreement between the Two Campaign Teams Re-
garding the Structure of the National Unity Govern-
ment’’. 
SEC. 103. UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE POLICY FOR AF-
GHANISTAN. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to conduct assistance programs that result 
in highly effective, impact driven development out-
comes for the people of Afghanistan while maintain-
ing the highest standards of accountability for 
United States taxpayers; 
(2) that all United States Government agencies 
and entities working in Afghanistan coordinate, 
plan, and regularly review plans in a coherent, well- 
informed process to develop United States policy and 
assistance programming; 
(3) to support the development of effective Gov-
ernment of Afghanistan oversight institutions and 
domestic watchdog civil society organizations; 
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(4) subject to significant evident progress made 
in meeting TMAF accountability and improved gov-
ernance as it relates to development, to abide by re-
source commitments made as part of the Tokyo Mu-
tual Accountability Framework; 
(5) to provide incentivized assistance to Af-
ghanistan’s 
governing 
institutions 
based 
upon 
verifiable and measurable development outcomes and 
on-budget assistance based upon demonstrated ca-
pacity improvements that are mutually agreed to by 
the Government of Afghanistan and the Government 
of the United States; 
(6) to support the development of democratic 
governing institutions in Afghanistan, promote the 
development of a growing private sector, and 
strengthen civil society in Afghanistan; 
(7) to recognize that Afghanistan’s sustainable 
development is grounded in growing the regional 
economy, and to support the efforts of the Govern-
ment and people of Afghanistan to build strong re-
gional economic connectivity with the country’s 
neighbors; 
(8) to support, where appropriate, proven pro-
grams that promote private sector job creation in 
Afghanistan; and 
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(9) that assistance programs in direct support 
of Afghan women and girls remain a priority for the 
United States, including specific efforts to support 
women and girls education, meaningful engagement 
in political and reconciliation processes, training and 
recruitment of Afghan female police and security 
forces, advancement of women’s legal rights, eco-
nomic development, and efforts to increase the over-
all health and well-being of Afghan women and girls. 
SEC. 104. EFFECTIVE AFGHANISTAN ASSISTANCE AND AC-
COUNTABILITY. 
(a) STRATEGY TO COMBAT CORRUPTION
IN AF-
GHANISTAN.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the 
Government of Afghanistan, shall develop a com-
prehensive interagency strategy for United States 
assistance that is sustainable and is not counter-
productive to combating corruption in Afghanistan. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The strategy developed under 
paragraph (1) should include the following elements: 
(A) Multi-year goals, objectives, and meas-
urable outcomes for targeted activities to 
strengthen selected Afghan official institutions 
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and nongovernmental organizations to prevent, 
investigate, deter, and prosecute corruption. 
(B) An operational plan incorporating all 
United States Government programming to im-
plement the anti-corruption goals and objec-
tives. 
(C) A summary of United States efforts to 
coordinate with other international donors to 
ensure that anti-corruption advice or program-
ming provided to the Government of Afghani-
stan is not contradictory. 
(D) A focus on the development of govern-
mental and nongovernmental Afghan capacity 
to ensure accountability and combat corruption. 
(E) An evaluation of Afghan civil society 
anti-corruption capacities that includes their 
ability to use technology to combat corruption. 
(b) AFGHANISTAN ANTI-CORRUPTION FUND.—Sub-
ject to the availability of funds, the President is authorized 
to provide technical and financial assistance to official 
Government of Afghanistan anti-corruption and audit in-
stitutions and Afghan civil society watchdog groups in 
support of the anti-corruption priorities identified by the 
Government of Afghanistan and the United States Gov-
ernment. Subject to careful consideration by the United 
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States Government of the legitimacy, efficacy, and direct 
impact and influence of such entities and individuals, of-
fices, and organizations that are funded under this sub-
section could include— 
(1) the Supreme Audit Office; 
(2) the Attorney General; 
(3) the Ministry of Justice; 
(4) Inspectors General within key ministries; 
(5) the Independent Joint Anti-Corruption 
Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (MEC); 
(6) the major crimes task force, Technical In-
vestigative Unit, and the Sensitive Investigative 
Unit; 
(7) the High Office of Oversight and Anti-Cor-
ruption; 
(8) the Anti-Corruption Tribunal; 
(9) the Financial Transactions and Reports 
Analysis Center of Afghanistan; 
(10) the proposed procurement board; and 
(11) civil society organizations engaged in over-
sight, anti-corruption advocacy, and support of good 
governance. 
(c) PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, PRESS FREE-
DOM, AND SECURITY SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 
funds, the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense, is authorized to provide 
support for efforts of the Government of Afghani-
stan to improve oversight and accountability of the 
Afghan National Security Forces, including the Af-
ghan National Police, and Afghan local police, and 
strengthen Afghan civil society and investigative 
journalists to provide watchdog oversight of these in-
stitutions. Subject to due consideration of the legit-
imacy, efficacy, and direct impact and influence of 
such entities and individuals, these efforts could in-
clude— 
(A) supporting the ANSF to strengthen 
the capacity, independence, and power of its in-
ternal Inspector General to collect and inves-
tigate all credible reports of abuse by armed 
forces; 
(B) supporting the Office of the Attorney 
General and the Ministries of Defense and Inte-
rior to be better capable to investigate and, if 
appropriate, criminally prosecute police, mili-
tary, intelligence, and militia personnel, regard-
less of rank, found responsible for human rights 
abuses and war crimes; 
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(C) considering establishing a special inde-
pendent mechanism to investigate government 
officials and security force officers implicated in 
abuses; 
(D) supporting the Ministry of Interior to 
establish a centralized register of all detainees 
held in police and National Directorate of Secu-
rity custody, and ensure that it is accessible to 
independent monitors and is updated regularly 
and in a transparent manner; 
(E) supporting implementation of the Ac-
cess to Information Law and the 2009 Mass 
Media Law, particularly provisions of the latter 
that would disband the Media Violations Inves-
tigation Commission and replace it with a Mass 
Media Commission; 
(F) supporting the Attorney General’s Of-
fice to undertake prompt, impartial, and thor-
ough investigations into all attacks on journal-
ists and media organizations and bring prosecu-
tions as appropriate; and 
(G) supporting the further establishment 
of civil society organizations to provide essential 
‘‘watchdog’’ oversight of the police and armed 
forces; as well as efforts to strengthen and im-
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prove coordination among civil society organiza-
tions, such as the Afghan Independent Human 
Rights Commission. 
SEC. 105. REPORTS. 
(a) REPORTING
ON
CORRUPTION
IN
AFGHANI-
STAN.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, and annually thereafter through 2024, 
the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report listing each individual who 
the President determines, based on credible evidence— 
(1) is a Government of Afghanistan official, a 
senior associate, or close relative of such an official, 
who is responsible for, or complicit in, ordering, con-
trolling, or otherwise directing, acts of significant 
corruption, including the expropriation of private or 
public assets for personal gain, corruption related to 
government contracts or the extraction of natural re-
sources, bribery, or the facilitation or transfer of the 
proceeds of corruption to foreign jurisdictions; or 
(2) has materially assisted, sponsored, or pro-
vided financial, material, or technological support 
for, or goods or services in support of, an activity 
described above. 
(b) REPORT ON CIVILIAN-MILITARY ASSISTANCE EF-
FORTS IN AFGHANISTAN.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comp-
troller General of the United States shall submit a 
report to the appropriate congressional committees 
that describes civilian-military assistance efforts in 
Afghanistan. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following elements: 
(A) A description of lessons learned from 
conducting development programming in Af-
ghanistan to include recommendations on how 
to improve coordination between United States 
development agencies and the United States 
Armed Forces. 
(B) An assessment of the ability of the 
United States Agency for International Devel-
opment to advance development goals within 
Afghanistan, operating alongside providers of 
United States military assistance. 
(C) An assessment of whether funding 
under the Commander’s Emergency Response 
Program achieved the program’s counterinsur-
gency goals, including force protection, and 
whether this program had any long-term devel-
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opment impact, including any negative unin-
tended consequences. 
Æ 
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