SEC. 2. COVERING SCREENING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 
COLONOGRAPHY AS A COLORECTAL CANCER 
SCREENING TEST UNDER MEDICARE.. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1861(pp)(1) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(pp)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub-
paragraph (E); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) 
Screening 
computed 
tomography 
colonography.’’. 
(b) FREQUENCY LIMITS
AND PAYMENT.—Section 
1834(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(d)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) 
SCREENING
COMPUTED
TOMOGRAPHY 
COLONOGRAPHY.— 
‘‘(A) FEE SCHEDULE.—With respect to a 
colorectal cancer screening test consisting of 
screening computed tomography colonography, 
subject to subparagraph (B), payment under 
section 1848 shall be consistent with payment 
under such section for similar or related serv-
ices. 
‘‘(B) PAYMENT
LIMIT.—In the case of 
screening computed tomography colonography, 
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payment under this part shall not exceed such 
amount as the Secretary specifies. 
‘‘(C) FACILITY PAYMENT LIMIT.— 
‘‘(i) LIMITATION ON COINSURANCE.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of 
this title, in the case of an individual who 
receives screening computed tomography 
colonography— 
‘‘(I) in computing the amount of 
any applicable coinsurance, the com-
putation of such coinsurance shall be 
based upon the fee schedule under 
which payment is made for the serv-
ices; and 
‘‘(II) the amount of such coinsur-
ance shall not exceed 25 percent of 
the payment amount under the fee 
schedule described in subparagraph 
(A). 
‘‘(D) FREQUENCY
LIMIT.—No payment 
may be made under this part for a colorectal 
cancer screening test consisting of a screening 
computed tomography colonography— 
‘‘(i) if the individual is under 50 years 
of age; or 
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‘‘(ii)(I) in the case of individuals at 
high risk for colorectal cancer, if the proce-
dure is performed within the 23 months 
after a previous screening computed to-
mography colonography or a previous 
screening colonoscopy; or 
‘‘(II) in the case of an individual who 
is not at high risk for colorectal cancer, if 
the procedure is performed within the 119 
months 
after 
a 
previous 
screening 
colonoscopy or within the 59 months after 
a previous screening flexible sigmoidoscopy 
or a previous screening computed tomog-
raphy colonography.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING FREQUENCY LIMITS FOR OTHER 
COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING TESTS.— 
(1) SCREENING
FLEXIBLE
SIGMOIDOSCOPY.— 
Paragraph (2)(E)(ii) of section 1834(d) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(d)) is amended by 
inserting 
‘‘or 
screening 
computed 
tomography 
colonography’’ after ‘‘previous screening flexible 
sigmoidoscopy’’. 
(2) 
SCREENING
COLONOSCOPY.—Paragraph 
(3)(E) of such section is amended— 
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(A) by inserting ‘‘or screening computed 
tomography colonography’’ after ‘‘23 months 
after a previous screening colonoscopy’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘or screening computed 
tomography colonography’’ after ‘‘screening 
flexible sigmoidoscopy’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to items and services furnished on 
or after January 1, 2011. 
SEC. 3. EXEMPTION OF SCREENING COMPUTED TOMOG-
RAPHY 
COLONOGRAPHY 
FROM 
SPECIAL 
RULE ON PAYMENT FOR IMAGING SERVICES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1848(b)(4)(B) of the So-
cial Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(b)(4)(B)) is amend-
ed by inserting ‘‘and screening computed tomography 
colonography’’ after ‘‘diagnostic and screening mammog-
raphy’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply to items and services furnished 
on or after January 1, 2011. 
SEC. 4. REPORT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREENING 
CTC IN IMPROVING OVERALL CRC COMPLI-
ANCE. 
(a) GAO STUDY AND REPORTS ON EFFECTIVENESS 
OF SCREENING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COLONOGRAPY 
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IN IMPROVING OVERALL COLORECTAL CANCER COMPLI-
ANCE.— 
(1) STUDY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States (in this subsection re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Comptroller General’’) shall 
conduct a study, by colorectal cancer screening 
procedure type, on— 
(i) the effect of the addition of the 
screening 
computed 
tomography 
colonography (in this subsection referred 
to as ‘‘screening CTC’’) benefit under sec-
tion 1861(pp)(1)(D) of the Social Security 
Act, as added by section 2(a); 
(ii) the effect of the addition of such 
benefit as part of an overall set of 
colorectal cancer screening (in this sub-
section referred to as the ‘‘CRC screen-
ing’’) made available to relevant Medicare 
population, including individuals over 50 
years of age and over 75 years of age; and 
(iii) any other relevant questions in-
volving access to, beneficiary preference of, 
and the value of, screening CTC for Medi-
care beneficiaries. 
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(B) ISSUES.—The study conducted under 
subparagraph (A) shall examine the following: 
(i) The impact of screening CTC on 
the change in CRC screening compliance of 
Medicare beneficiaries. 
(ii) The various utilization rates for 
the each available CRC screening option 
before and after the availability of screen-
ing CTC, including— 
(I) by initial CRC screening per-
formed as a Medicare beneficiary, in-
cluding the beneficiary age when ini-
tial screening was performed; and 
(II) by follow-on screening per-
formed, whereby the analysis dem-
onstrates to what extent screening 
CTC was used as a substitute for a 
previous screening procedure. 
(iii) The referral rate of screening 
CTC to follow-on optical colonoscopy. 
(iv) An analysis of beneficiary pref-
erence to the various CRC screening op-
tions. 
(v) Access to screening CTC by Medi-
care beneficiaries, especially in rural areas 
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