I 
109TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5536 
To implement the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative and other registered 
traveler programs of the Department of Homeland Security. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 6, 2006 
Ms. SLAUGHTER (for herself and Mr. MCHUGH) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security, and in addi-
tion to the Committees on International Relations and Judiciary, for a 
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To implement the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative and 
other registered traveler programs of the Department 
of Homeland Security. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting American 
Commerce and Travel Act of 2006’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) Approximately 23 million United States citi-
zens annually cross the northern or southern border. 
(2) Twenty-seven percent of United States citi-
zens and 40 percent of Canadian citizens possess a 
valid passport. 
(3) Canada is the United States largest trading 
partner, with an average of $1.1 billion in goods 
crossing the United States-Canada border every day. 
(4) In 2004, Canadians made 14 million visits 
to the United States and spent $10.3 billion in the 
United States. 
SEC. 3. REPORT ON EXISTING DOCUMENTATION REQUIRE-
MENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Home-
land Security and the Secretary of State shall jointly sub-
mit to the Committee on Homeland Security and the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-
mental Affairs and the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate a report examining the feasibility, method, cost, 
and time period of implementation, cost and security ad-
vantages, if any, and the impact on cross-border traffic 
of using a State driver’s licence that satisfies the minimum 
document requirements and issuance standards for a 
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State driver’s licence under section 202 of the REAL ID 
Act of 2005 as sufficient to denote identity and citizen-
ship, for all travel into the United States by United States 
citizens in order to satisfy the requirement of section 
7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Preven-
tion Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458) (commonly re-
ferred to as the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative). 
(b) REVIEW OF STUDY BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT-
ABILITY OFFICE.—Not later than 120 days after submis-
sion of the report required under subsection (a), the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall review the 
report and submit an audit of the report to the Committee 
on Homeland Security and the Committee on the Judici-
ary of the House of Representatives and the committee 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate. 
SEC. 4. WESTERN HEMISPHERE TRAVEL INITIATIVE. 
(a) EXTENSION OF DEADLINE FOR IMPLEMENTA-
TION.—Subsection (b)(1) of section 7209 of the Intel-
ligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is 
amended— 
(1) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘on its 
own when produced’’ after ‘‘sufficient’’; and 
(2) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘Janu-
ary 1, 2008’’ and inserting ‘‘September 15, 2009’’. 
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(b) PROHIBITION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF TIERED 
APPROACH.—Subsection (b)(2) of section 7209 of such 
Act is amended by adding at the end the following new 
sentence: ‘‘The plan developed under paragraph (1) shall 
require the implementation at the same time of the docu-
mentation requirements described in such paragraph for 
all international travel, regardless of whether such travel 
is by air, sea, or land.’’. 
(c) TRAVEL
TO CANADA
AND MEXICO.—Section 
7209(b) of such Act is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(3) PROCESS FOR UNITED STATES CITIZENS 
LACKING REQUIRED DOCUMENTS.—The Secretary of 
Homeland Security, in consultation with the Sec-
retary of State, shall establish a process to permit 
a citizen of the United States who does not possess 
a passport or other document, or combination of 
documents, as required under paragraph (1), to re- 
enter the United States at an international land bor-
der of the United States. 
‘‘(4) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN MINORS.— 
United States citizens who are less than 16 years of 
age shall not be required to present to an immigra-
tion officer a passport or other document, or com-
bination of documents, as required under paragraph 
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(1), when returning to the United States from Can-
ada at any port of entry along the international land 
border between the United States and Canada.’’. 
(d) ISSUANCE
BY
DEPARTMENT
OF
STATE
OF 
NORTH AMERICAN TRAVEL CARDS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with section 
7209 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pre-
vention Act of 2004, the Secretary of State, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
shall issue to United States citizens who submit an 
application in accordance with paragraph (4) a trav-
el document that will serve as a North American 
travel card. The Secretary of State may refer to a 
North American travel card by any name the Sec-
retary determines appropriate. 
(2) APPLICABILITY.—A North American travel 
card shall be deemed to be a United States passport 
for the purpose of United States laws and regula-
tions relating to United States passports. 
(3) USE AND LIMITATION.—A North American 
travel card may be used for the purpose of facili-
tating international travel by United States citizens 
in accordance with section 7209(b) of the Intel-
ligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 
2004. The Secretary of State may limit the use of 
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a North American travel card to only international 
air travel. If the Secretary does so limit the use of 
a North American travel card, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report explaining why the 
North American travel card is so limited. 
(4) APPLICATION FOR ISSUANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—To be issued a North 
American travel card, a United States citizen 
shall submit an application to the Secretary of 
State. Such application shall contain the same 
information as is required by the Secretary to 
determine citizenship, identity, and eligibility 
for issuance of a United States passport. 
(B) ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS.—The 
Secretary of State may begin accepting applica-
tions for North American travel cards beginning 
on the date that is one year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
(C) RAPID ISSUANCE.—Not later than ten 
business days after receipt of an application 
(including any applicable fees) from a United 
States citizen for a North American travel card, 
the Secretary of State shall provide such citizen 
with such card. 
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(5) EXPEDITED
TRAVELER
PROGRAMS.—The 
North American travel card shall be designed and 
produced so as to provide a platform on which the 
expedited traveler programs of the Department of 
Homeland Security, such as NEXUS, NEXUS AIR, 
SENTRI, FAST, and Registered Traveler can be 
added. 
(6) FEE.—Except as in provided in paragraph 
(8), an applicant for a North American travel card 
shall submit an application under paragraph (4) to-
gether with a single nonrefundable fee in an amount 
to be determined by the Secretary of State. Fees for 
a North American travel card shall be deposited as 
an offsetting collection to the appropriate Depart-
ment of State appropriation, to remain available 
until expended. Such fee shall not exceed $20, and 
the Secretary shall seek to keep such fee as low as 
possible, based on the cost of service. 
(7) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
Act shall be construed as limiting, altering, modi-
fying, or otherwise affecting the validity of a United 
States passport. A United States citizen may possess 
a United States passport and a North American 
travel card. 
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(8) EXPEDITED
PROCESSING.—The Secretary 
of State shall seek to expedite the speed with which 
North American travel cards are issued in response 
to citizens’ applications by whatever means possible 
in order to support spontaneous travel between bor-
der communities in the United States, Canada, and 
Mexico. 
(e) TRAVEL DOCUMENT FOR TRAVEL INTO UNITED 
STATES.—For purposes of the plan required under section 
7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Preven-
tion Act of 2004, a North American travel card issued 
under this section shall be considered a document suffi-
cient on its own when produced to denote identity and citi-
zenship for travel into the United States by United States 
citizens. 
(f) FOREIGN COOPERATION.—In order to maintain 
and encourage cross-border travel and trade, the Secretary 
of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall use 
all possible means to coordinate with the appropriate rep-
resentatives of foreign governments to ensure that their 
citizens and nationals possess, not later than September 
15, 2009, appropriate documentation to allow such citi-
zens and nationals to cross into the United States. 
(g) PUBLIC PROMOTION.—To promote travel and 
trade across the United States border, the Secretary of 
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State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall de-
velop a public communications plan to promote to United 
States citizens, representatives of the travel and trade in-
dustries, and local government officials information relat-
ing to the North American travel card program and the 
expedited traveler programs of the Department of Home-
land Security. 
(h) PRIVATE COLLABORATION.—Not later than six 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall submit to Congress a report on their efforts to 
solicit policy suggestions from the private sector con-
cerning implementation of section 7209 of the Intelligence 
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. This re-
port should include the private sector’s recommendations 
concerning how air, sea, and land travel between countries 
in the Western Hemisphere can be improved while enhanc-
ing security. 
(i) ACCESSIBILITY.—In order to make the North 
American travel card easily obtainable, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall accept applications for the card 
at all NEXUS and FAST enrollment centers. 
(j) EQUIPMENT AT THE BORDERS.—The Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall ensure that, not later than 
September 15, 2009, all land border ports of entry along 
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the international land border of the United States and 
Canada and the United States and Mexico are equipped 
with the appropriate technology to read a North American 
travel card. 
(k) STATUTORY AUTHORITY.— 
(1) STATE
DEPARTMENT
BASIC
AUTHORITIES 
ACT OF 1956.—The State Department Basic Authori-
ties Act of 1956 is amended— 
(A) in section 3(m) (22 U.S.C. 2670(m)), 
by inserting ‘‘, North American travel card,’’ 
after ‘‘passport’’; 
(B) in section 4 (22 U.S.C. 2671)— 
(i) in subsection (b)(2)(I), by insert-
ing ‘‘, North American travel cards,’’ after 
‘‘passports’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (d)(3), by inserting 
‘‘or North American travel cards’’ after 
‘‘passports’’; 
(C) in section 33(1) (22 U.S.C. 2705(1)), 
by striking ‘‘passport,’’ and inserting ‘‘passport 
or North American travel card,’’; 
(D) 
in 
section 
37(a)(1) 
(22 
U.S.C. 
2709(a)(1)), by inserting ‘‘, North American 
travel card,’’ after ‘‘passport’’; 
(E) in section 42 (22 U.S.C. 2714)— 
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(i) in subsection (a)— 
(I) in paragraph (1), by inserting 
‘‘or North American travel card’’ after 
‘‘passport’’ each place such term ap-
pears; and 
(II) in paragraph (2)— 
(aa) in the heading, by in-
serting ‘‘AND NORTH AMERICAN 
TRAVEL
CARD’’ 
after 
‘‘PASS-
PORT’’; and 
(bb) by inserting ‘‘or North 
American 
travel 
card’’ 
after 
‘‘passport’’ each place such term 
appears; and 
(ii) in subsection (d), by striking 
‘‘passport,’’ and inserting ‘‘passport or 
North American travel card,’’; and 
(F) in section 49 (22 U.S.C. 2721)— 
(i) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘AND 
NORTH
AMERICAN
TRAVEL
CARDS’’ 
after ‘‘PASSPORTS’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘or North American 
travel card’’ after ‘‘passport’’. 
(2) ACT OF JULY 3, 1926.—Section 1 of the Act 
of July 3, 1926 (Chapter 772; 44 Stat. 887; 22 
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U.S.C. 211a), is amended by adding at the end the 
following new sentence: ‘‘Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to prevent the Secretary from 
issuing a passport in the form of a North American 
travel card that is valid for travel only through land 
border ports of entry between the United States and 
Canada and the United States and Mexico.’’. 
(3) IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT.—The 
Immigration and Nationality Act is amended— 
(A) in section 215 (8 U.S.C. 1185)— 
(i) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘or 
North American travel card, if appro-
priate’’ after ‘‘passport’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (f), by inserting 
‘‘North American travel cards (if appro-
priate),’’ after ‘‘Passports,’’; 
(B) 
in 
section 
231(c)(5) 
(8 
U.S.C. 
1221(c)(5)), by inserting ‘‘or North American 
travel card number, if appropriate’’ before the 
semicolon; 
(C) in section 241(c)(3)(B)(vi) (8 U.S.C. 
1231(c)(3)(B)(vi)), by inserting ‘‘or North 
American travel card’’ after ‘‘passport’’; and 
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(D) in section 274A(b)(1)(B)(i) (8 U.S.C. 
1324a(b)(1)(B)(i)), by inserting ‘‘or North 
American travel card’’ before the semicolon. 
(l) REPORTS.—The Secretary of State shall, on a 
quarterly basis during the first year of issuance of North 
American travel cards and on an annual basis thereafter, 
submit to Congress a report containing information relat-
ing to the number of North American travel cards issued 
during the immediately preceding quarter or year, as ap-
propriate, and the number of United States citizens in 
each State applying for such cards. 
SEC. 5. IMPROVING THE NEXUS AND FAST REGISTERED 
TRAVELER PROGRAMS. 
(a) MERGING REQUIREMENTS
OF NEXUS AND 
FAST.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall merge the procedures for the pro-
grams described in subsection (k) into a single pro-
cedure, with common eligibility and security screen-
ing requirements, enrollment processes, and sanc-
tions regimes. 
(2) SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure that— 
(A) the procedures for the programs 
known as ‘‘NEXUS Highway’’, ‘‘NEXUS Ma-
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rine’’, and ‘‘NEXUS Air’’ are integrated into 
such a single procedure; and 
(B) the processes relating to eligibility and 
security screening are identical to those for the 
FAST program described in subsection (l)(2) 
on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(b) INTEGRATING NEXUS AND FAST INFORMATION 
SYSTEMS.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall in-
tegrate all databases and information systems for the pro-
grams described in subsection (k) in a manner that will 
permit any identification card issued to a participant to 
operate in all locations where a program described in such 
subsection is operating. 
(c) CREATION OF NEXUS CONVERTIBLE LANES.— 
In order to expand the NEXUS program described in sub-
section (k)(2) to major northern border crossings, the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security, in consultation with appro-
priate representatives of the Government of Canada, shall 
equip the following northern border crossings with 
NEXUS technology: 
(1) Pembina, North Dakota. 
(2) Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. 
(3) Alexandria Bay, New York. 
(4) Portal, North Dakota. 
(5) Sweet Grass, Montana. 
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(6) International Falls, Minnesota. 
(d) CREATION
OF REMOTE ENROLLMENT CEN-
TERS.—The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consulta-
tion with appropriate representatives of the Government 
of Canada, shall create a minimum of six remote enroll-
ment centers for the programs described in subsection (k). 
Such a remote enrollment center shall be established at 
each of the border crossings described in subsection (c). 
(e) CREATION
OF
MOBILE
ENROLLMENT
CEN-
TERS.—The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consulta-
tion with appropriate representatives of the Government 
of Canada, shall create a minimum of four mobile enroll-
ment centers for the programs described in subsection (k). 
Such mobile enrollment centers shall be used to accept and 
process applications in areas currently underserved by 
such programs. The Secretary shall work with State and 
local authorities in determining the locations of such mo-
bile enrollment centers. 
(f) ON-LINE APPLICATION PROCESS.—The Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall design an on-line application 
process for the programs described in subsection (k). Such 
process shall permit individuals to securely submit their 
applications on-line and schedule a security interview at 
the nearest enrollment center. 
(g) PROMOTING ENROLLMENT.— 
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(1) 
CREATING
INCENTIVES
FOR
ENROLL-
MENT.—In order to encourage applications for the 
programs described in subsection (k), the Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall develop a plan to admit 
participants at a rate that does not exceed $20 per 
card issued for each of such programs. The fee for 
the first renewal for participation in each such pro-
gram shall be waived. 
(2) CUSTOMER SERVICE PHONE NUMBER.—In 
order to provide potential applicants with timely in-
formation for the programs described in subsection 
(k), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall create 
a customer service telephone number for such pro-
grams. 
(3) PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary shall 
carry out a program to educate the public regarding 
the benefits of the programs described in subsection 
(k). 
(h) TRAVEL DOCUMENT FOR TRAVEL INTO UNITED 
STATES.—For purposes of the plan required under section 
7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Preven-
tion Act of 2004, an identification card issued to a partici-
pant in a program described in subsection (k) shall be con-
sidered a document sufficient on its own when produced 
to denote identity and citizenship for travel into the 
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United States by United States citizens and by categories 
of individuals for whom documentation requirements have 
previously been waived under section 212(d)(4)(B) of the 
Immigration 
and 
Nationality 
Act 
(8 
U.S.C. 
1182(d)(4)(B)). 
(i) CONSOLIDATED
BACKGROUND
CHECK
PROC-
ESS.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary of Home-
land Security, in consultation with the Attorney 
General, shall establish a single process for con-
ducting the security screening and background 
checks of individuals participating in any of the pro-
grams identified under paragraph (2). 
(2) INCLUDED PROGRAMS.—The process estab-
lished under paragraph (1) shall apply to the fol-
lowing programs: 
(A) The Transportation Worker Identifica-
tion Credential. 
(B) The security risk determination and 
related background checks under section 5103a 
of title 49, United States Code, performed by 
the Transportation Security Administration as 
part of the Department of Transportation Haz-
ardous Materials Endorsement credentialing 
program. 
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(C) The programs described in subsection 
(k). 
(D) The Secure Electronic Network for 
Travelers Rapid Inspection, or ‘‘SENTRI’’, pro-
gram authorized under section 286(q) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1356(q)). 
(E) The Registered Traveler program of 
the Transportation Security Administration. 
(3) FEATURES OF PROCESS.—The process es-
tablished under paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A single submission of security screen-
ing information, including personal data and bi-
ometric information as appropriate, necessary 
to meet the security requirements of all applica-
ble departmental programs. 
(B) An ability to submit such security 
screening information at any location or 
through any process approved by the Secretary 
with respect to any of the applicable depart-
mental programs. 
(C) Acceptance by the Department of a se-
curity clearance or other credential issued by a 
Federal agency, to the extent that the security 
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clearance process of the agency satisfies re-
quirements that are at least as stringent as 
those of the applicable departmental programs 
under paragraph (2). 
(D) Appropriate standards and procedures 
for protecting individual privacy, confidentiality, 
record retention, and addressing other concerns 
relating to information security. 
(4) DEADLINES.—The Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall— 
(A) not later than six months after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees (as de-
fined in section 2 of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101)) a description of the 
process developed under this subsection; and 
(B) not later than 12 months after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, begin imple-
menting such process. 
(5) INCLUSION
OF
OTHER
PROGRAMS.—The 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall review other 
existing or developing Department of Homeland Se-
curity programs that include security screening or 
background checks for participating individuals, and 
report to the appropriate congressional committees 
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(as defined in section 2 of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101)) any recommendations 
for inclusion of such additional programs in the con-
solidated screening process established under this 
section. 
(6) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—Nothing 
in this subsection affects: 
(A) any statutory or regulatory require-
ment relating to the operation or standards of 
the programs described in paragraph (2). 
(B) any statutory requirement relating to 
title III of the Intelligence Reform and Ter-
rorism Prevention Act of 2004. 
(j) REPORTS.— 
(1) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later 
than one year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees (as 
defined in section 2 of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101)) a report on the implemen-
tation of subsections (a) through (i). 
(2) REPORT
ON
COORDINATION.—Not later 
than six months after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
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(as defined in section 2 of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101)) a report on the work 
being performed to streamline and coordinate the 
following programs: 
(A) The programs described in subsection 
(k). 
(B) The Secure Electronic Network for 
Travelers Rapid Inspection, or ‘‘SENTRI’’, pro-
gram authorized under section 286(q) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1356(q)). 
(C) The Registered Traveler program of 
the Transportation Security Administration. 
(k) PROGRAMS.—The programs described in this sub-
section are the following: 
(1) The FAST program authorized under sub-
part B of title IV of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 
U.S.C. 1411 et seq.) 
(2) The NEXUS program authorized under sec-
tion 286(q) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(U.S.C. 1356(q)). 
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SEC. 6. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF 
SECTION 7209(B) OF THE INTELLIGENCE RE-
FORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT OF 
2004. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall, in accordance with subsection (c), conduct a 
cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of the require-
ments of section 7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform and 
Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 with respect to the 
issuance and use of North American travel cards and 
NEXUS and FAST identification cards as documents suf-
ficient on their own when produced to denote identity and 
citizenship for travel into the United States. 
(b) PUBLICATION.— 
(1) RESULTS
OF
ANALYSIS
AND
NOTICE
OF 
PROPOSED RULEMAKING.—The Secretary shall pub-
lish in the Federal Register the results of the anal-
ysis required under subsection (a), together with a 
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking of the Department 
of Homeland Security with respect to the issuance of 
North American travel cards and NEXUS and 
FAST identification cards as satisfying the require-
ments of section 7209(b) of the Intelligence Reform 
and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (commonly 
referred to as the Western Hemisphere Travel Ini-
tiative). 
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(2) TIME
FOR
PUBLICATION.—The Secretary 
may not publish in the Federal Register the Notice 
of Proposed Rulemaking referred to in paragraph 
(1) until the report required under section 3(a) has 
been submitted to the committees specified in sub-
section (a) of such section. 
(c) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall conduct the anal-
ysis required under subsection (a) in accordance with the 
requirements for a significant regulatory action as set 
forth and defined in Executive Order 12866 (issued on 
September 30, 1993; published in the Federal Register on 
October 4, 1993). Such analysis shall include the following 
information: 
(1) An assessment, including the underlying 
analysis, of benefits anticipated from the regulatory 
action (such as the promotion of the efficient func-
tioning of the economic and private markets, the en-
hancement of health and safety, the protection of 
the natural environment, and the elimination or re-
duction of discrimination or bias) together with, to 
the extent feasible, a quantification of those benefits. 
(2) An assessment, including the underlying 
analysis, of costs anticipated from the regulatory ac-
tion (such as the direct cost both to the United 
States Government in administering the regulation 
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and to businesses and others in complying with the 
regulation, and any adverse effects on the efficient 
functioning of the economy, private markets (includ-
ing productivity, employment, and competitiveness), 
health, safety, and the natural environment), to-
gether with, to the extent feasible, a quantification 
of those costs. 
(3) An assessment, including the underlying 
analysis, of costs and benefits of potentially effective 
and reasonably feasible alternatives to the planned 
regulation, identified by the agencies or the public 
(including improving the current regulation and rea-
sonably viable nonregulatory actions), and an expla-
nation why the planned regulatory action is pref-
erable to potential alternatives. 
(d) SUBSEQUENT
PUBLICATION.—The Secretary 
shall publish in the Federal Register after publication of 
the analysis and the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking under 
subsection (b) information that— 
(1) identifies for the public, in a complete, 
clear, and simple manner, the substantive changes 
between the draft of the proposed regulatory action 
submitted to the Office of Information and Regu-
latory Affairs of the Office of Management and 
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Budget for review and the action subsequently an-
nounced; and 
(2) identifies for the public those changes in the 
regulatory action that were made at the suggestion 
or recommendation of the Office of Information and 
Regulatory Affairs. 
Æ 
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