SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Improving Access to
Assistive Technology for Individuals with Disabilities Act
of 2004’’.
SEC. 2. AMENDMENT TO THE ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY ACT
OF 1998.
The Assistive Technology Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C.
3001 et seq.) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the
‘Assistive Technology Act of 1998’.
‘‘(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents
for this Act is as follows:
‘‘Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
‘‘Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.
‘‘Sec. 3. Definitions.
‘‘Sec. 4. Grants to States for purchase of assistive technology devices and as-
sistive technology services.
‘‘Sec. 5. Grants to States for protection and advocacy related to assistive tech-
nology.
‘‘Sec. 6. Administrative provisions.
‘‘Sec. 7. National activities.
‘‘Sec. 8. Authorization of appropriations.
‘‘SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:
‘‘(1) Disability is a natural part of the human
experience and in no way diminishes the right of in-
dividuals to—
‘‘(A) live independently;
‘‘(B) enjoy self-determination and make
choices;
‘‘(C) benefit from an education;
‘‘(D) pursue meaningful careers; and
‘‘(E) enjoy full inclusion and integration in
the economic, political, social, cultural, and edu-
cational mainstream of society in the United
States.
‘‘(2) Technology is one of the primary engines
for economic activity, education, and innovation in
the Nation, and throughout the world. The commit-
ment of the United States to the development and
utilization of technology is one of the main factors
underlying the strength and vibrancy of the economy
of the United States.
‘‘(3) As technology has come to play an increas-
ingly important role in the lives of all persons in the
United States, in the conduct of business, in the
functioning of government, in the fostering of com-
munication, in the conduct of commerce, and in the
provision of education, its impact upon the lives of
individuals with disabilities in the United States has
been comparable to its impact upon the remainder
of the citizens of the United States. Any develop-
ment in mainstream technology would have profound
implications for individuals with disabilities in the
United States.
‘‘(4) Over the last 15 years, the Federal Gov-
ernment has invested in the development of state-
wide comprehensive systems to help individuals with
disabilities gain access to assistive technology devices
and services. This partnership with States provided
an important service to individuals with disabilities
by strengthening the capacity of each State to assist
individuals with disabilities of all ages with their as-
sistive technology needs.
‘‘(5) Substantial progress has been made in the
development of assistive technology devices, includ-
ing adaptations to existing devices that facilitate ac-
tivities of daily living, that significantly benefit indi-
viduals with disabilities of all ages. These devices
and adaptations increase the involvement, and re-
duce expenditures associated with, programs and ac-
tivities that facilitate communication, ensure inde-
pendent living and functioning, enable early child-
hood development, support educational achievement,
provide and enhance employment options, and enable
full participation in community living and recreation
for individuals with disabilities.
‘‘(6) Despite the success of the Federal-State
partnership in providing access to assistive tech-
nology and services, there is a continued need to
provide information about the availability of assistive
technology, advances in improving accessibility and
functionality of assistive technology, and appropriate
methods to secure and utilize assistive technology in
order to maximize their independence and participa-
tion of individuals with disabilities in society.
‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act are—
‘‘(1) to support State efforts to improve the
provision of assistive technology to individuals with
disabilities through comprehensive statewide pro-
grams of technology-related assistance, for individ-
uals with disabilities of all ages, that are designed
to—
‘‘(A) increase the availability of, funding
for, access to, provision of, and training about
assistive technology devices and assistive tech-
nology services;
‘‘(B) increase the ability of individuals
with disabilities of all ages to secure and main-
tain possession of assistive technology devices
as such individuals make the transition between
services offered by human service agencies or
between settings of daily living (for example,
between home and work);
‘‘(C) increase the capacity of public agen-
cies and private entities to provide and pay for
assistive technology devices and assistive tech-
nology services on a statewide basis for individ-
uals with disabilities of all ages;
‘‘(D) increase the involvement of individ-
uals with disabilities and, if appropriate, their
family members, guardians, advocates, and au-
thorized representatives, in decisions related to
the provision of assistive technology devices and
assistive technology services;
‘‘(E) increase and promote coordination
among State agencies, between State and local
agencies, among local agencies, and between
State and local agencies and private entities
(such as managed care providers), that are in-
volved or are eligible to be involved in carrying
out activities under this Act;
‘‘(F) increase the awareness and facilitate
the change of laws, regulations, policies, prac-
tices, procedures, and organizational structures,
that facilitate the availability or provision of as-
sistive technology devices and assistive tech-
nology services; and
‘‘(G) increase awareness and knowledge of
the benefits of assistive technology devices and
assistive technology services among targeted in-
dividuals and the general population; and
‘‘(2) to provide States with financial assistance
that supports programs designed to maximize the
ability of individuals with disabilities and their fam-
ily members, guardians, advocates, and authorized
representatives to obtain assistive technology devices
and assistive technology services.
‘‘SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
‘‘In this Act:
‘‘(1) ADVOCACY
SERVICES.—The term ‘advo-
cacy services’, except as used as part of the term
‘protection and advocacy services’, means services
provided to assist individuals with disabilities and
their family members, guardians, advocates, and au-
thorized representatives in accessing assistive tech-
nology devices and assistive technology services.
‘‘(2) AMERICAN
INDIAN
CONSORTIUM.—The
term ‘American Indian Consortium’ has the meaning
given the term in section 102(1) of the Develop-
mental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act
of 2000 and that is established to provide protection
and advocacy services for purposes of receiving fund-
ing under subtitle C of title I of such Act.
‘‘(3) ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘as-
sistive technology’ means technology designed to be
utilized in an assistive technology device or assistive
technology service.
‘‘(4) ASSISTIVE
TECHNOLOGY
DEVICE.—The
term ‘assistive technology device’ means any item,
piece of equipment, or product system, whether ac-
quired commercially, modified, or customized, that is
used to increase, maintain, or improve functional ca-
pabilities of individuals with disabilities.
‘‘(5) ASSISTIVE
TECHNOLOGY
SERVICE.—The
term ‘assistive technology service’ means any service
that directly assists an individual with a disability in
the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive tech-
nology device. Such term includes—
‘‘(A) the evaluation of the assistive tech-
nology needs of an individual with a disability,
including a functional evaluation of the impact
of the provision of appropriate assistive tech-
nology and appropriate services to the indi-
vidual in the customary environment of the in-
dividual;
‘‘(6) CAPACITY BUILDING AND ADVOCACY AC-
TIVITIES.—The term ‘capacity building and advo-
cacy activities’ means efforts that—
‘‘(A) result in laws, regulations, policies,
practices, procedures, or organizational struc-
tures that promote consumer-responsive pro-
grams or entities; and
‘‘(B) facilitate and increase access to, pro-
vision of, and funding for, assistive technology
devices and assistive technology services,
in order to empower individuals with disabilities to
achieve greater independence, productivity, and inte-
gration and inclusion within the community and the
workforce.
‘‘(7) COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE PROGRAM OF
TECHNOLOGY-RELATED
ASSISTANCE.—The 
term
‘comprehensive statewide program of technology-re-
lated assistance’ means a consumer-responsive pro-
gram of technology-related assistance for individuals
with disabilities, implemented by a State, and equal-
ly available to all individuals with disabilities resid-
ing in the State, regardless of their type of dis-
ability, age, income level, or location of residence in
the State, or the type of assistive technology device
or assistive technology service required.
‘‘(8) CONSUMER-RESPONSIVE.—The term ‘con-
sumer-responsive’—
‘‘(A) with regard to policies, means that
the policies are consistent with the principles
of—
‘‘(i) respect for individual dignity, per-
sonal responsibility, self-determination, and
pursuit of meaningful careers, based on in-
formed choice, of individuals with disabil-
ities;
‘‘(ii) respect for the privacy, rights,
and equal access (including the use of ac-
cessible formats) of such individuals;
‘‘(iii) inclusion, integration, and full
participation of such individuals in society;
‘‘(iv) support for the involvement in
decisions of a family member, a guardian,
an advocate, or an authorized representa-
tive, if an individual with a disability re-
quests, desires, or needs such involvement;
and
‘‘(v) support for individual and sys-
tems advocacy and community involve-
ment; and
‘‘(B) with respect to an entity, program, or
activity, means that the entity, program, or
activity—
‘‘(i) is easily accessible to, and usable
by, individuals with disabilities and, when
appropriate, their family members, guard-
ians, advocates, or authorized representa-
tives;
‘‘(ii) responds to the needs of individ-
uals with disabilities in a timely and appro-
priate manner; and
‘‘(iii) facilitates the full and meaning-
ful participation of individuals with disabil-
ities (including individuals from underrep-
resented populations and rural popu-
lations) and their family members, guard-
ians, advocates, and authorized representa-
tives, in—
‘‘(I) decisions relating to the pro-
vision of assistive technology devices
and assistive technology services to
such individuals; and
‘‘(II) decisions related to the
maintenance, improvement, and eval-
uation of the comprehensive statewide
program of technology-related assist-
ance, including decisions that affect
capacity building and advocacy activi-
ties.
‘‘(9) DISABILITY.—The term ‘disability’ means
a condition of an individual that is considered to be
a disability or handicap for the purposes of any Fed-
eral law other than this Act or for the purposes of
the law of the State in which the individual resides.
‘‘(10) INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY; INDI-
VIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES.—
‘‘(A) INDIVIDUAL
WITH
A
DISABILITY.—
The term ‘individual with a disability’ means
any individual of any age, race, or ethnicity—
‘‘(i) who has a disability; and
‘‘(ii) who is or would be enabled by an
assistive technology device or an assistive
technology service to minimize deteriora-
tion in functioning, to maintain a level of
functioning, or to achieve a greater level of
functioning in any major life activity.
‘‘(B) INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES.—
The term ‘individuals with disabilities’ means
more than one individual with a disability.
‘‘(11) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—
The term ‘institution of higher education’ has the
meaning given such term in section 101 of the High-
er Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a)), and
includes a community college receiving funding
under the Tribally Controlled Community College
Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.).
‘‘(12) PROTECTION
AND
ADVOCACY
SERV-
ICES.—The term ‘protection and advocacy services’
means services that—
‘‘(A) are described in part C of the Devel-
opmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of
Rights Act (42 U.S.C. 6041 et seq.), the Pro-
tection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individ-
uals Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 10801 et seq.), or
section 509 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973;
and
‘‘(B) assist individuals with disabilities
with respect to assistive technology devices and
assistive technology services.
‘‘(13) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘Secretary’
means the Secretary of Education.
‘‘(14) STATE.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), the term ‘State’ means each
of the several States of the United States, the
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands,
Guam, American Samoa, and the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
‘‘(B) OUTLYING AREAS.—In sections 4(c)
and 5(b):
‘‘(i) OUTLYING AREA.—The term ‘out-
lying area’ means the United States Virgin
Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands.
‘‘(ii) STATE.—The term ‘State’ does
not include the United States Virgin Is-
lands, Guam, American Samoa, and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands.
‘‘(15) TARGETED
INDIVIDUALS.—The term
‘targeted individuals’ means—
‘‘(A) individuals with disabilities of all ages
and their family members, guardians, advo-
cates, and authorized representatives;
‘‘(B) individuals who work for public or
private entities (including insurers or managed
care providers), that have contact with individ-
uals with disabilities;
‘‘(C) educators and related services per-
sonnel;
‘‘(D) technology experts (including engi-
neers);
‘‘(E) health and allied health professionals;
‘‘(F) employers; and
‘‘(G) other appropriate individuals and en-
tities.
‘‘(16) TECHNOLOGY-RELATED
ASSISTANCE.—
The term ‘technology-related assistance’ means as-
sistance provided through capacity building and ad-
vocacy activities that accomplish the purposes de-
scribed in any of subparagraphs (A) through (G) of
section 2(b)(1).
‘‘(17) 
UNDERREPRESENTED
POPULATION.—
The term ‘underrepresented population’ means a
population that is typically underrepresented in serv-
ice provision, and includes populations such as per-
sons who have low-incidence disabilities, persons who
are minorities, poor persons, persons with limited-
English proficiency, older individuals, or persons
from rural areas.
‘‘(18) UNIVERSAL
DESIGN.—The term ‘uni-
versal design’ means a concept or philosophy for de-
signing and delivering products and services that are
usable by people with the widest possible range of
functional capabilities, which include products and
services that are directly usable (without requiring
assistive technologies) and products and services
that are made usable with assistive technologies.
‘‘SEC. 4. GRANTS TO STATES FOR PURCHASE OF ASSISTIVE
TECHNOLOGY DEVICES AND ASSISTIVE TECH-
NOLOGY SERVICES.
‘‘(a) GRANTS
TO
STATES.—The Secretary shall
award grants, in accordance with this section, to States
to maintain comprehensive statewide programs of tech-
nology related assistance to support programs that are de-
signed to maximize the ability of individuals with disabil-
ities and their family members, guardians, advocates, and
authorized representatives to obtain assistive technology
devices and assistive technology services.
‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(A) REQUIRED
ACTIVITIES.—Except as
provided in subparagraph (C), any State that
receives a grant under this section shall use a
portion of the funds made available through the
grant to carry out the activities described in
subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2).
‘‘(B) DISCRETIONARY
ACTIVITIES.—Any
State that receives a grant under this section
may use the funds made available through the
grant to carry out the activities described in
subparagraph (C) or (D) of paragraph (2).
‘‘(C) SPECIAL RULE.—Any State in which
financial support for the activities described in
subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2) is
provided from State or other resources shall not
be required to expend the funds provided under
the grant to carry out the activities described in
subparagraph (A) or (B), as the case may be.
Such financial support shall be comparable to
the amount of the grant the State would other-
wise have expended for such activities.
‘‘(2) STATE-LEVEL ACTIVITIES.—
‘‘(A) 
STATE
FINANCE
SYSTEMS.—The
State shall support activities to increase access
to, and funding for, assistive technology devices
and assistive technology services, including the
development of systems to provide assistive
technology devices and assistive technology
services to individuals with disabilities of all
ages, and that pay for such devices and serv-
ices, such as—
‘‘(i) the development of systems for
the purchase, lease, other acquisition, or
payment for the provision of assistive tech-
nology devices and assistive technology
services; or
‘‘(ii) the establishment of alternative
State or privately funded systems of sub-
sidies for the provision of assistive tech-
nology devices or assistive technology serv-
ices, such as—
‘‘(I) a low-interest loan fund;
‘‘(II) an interest buy-down pro-
gram;
‘‘(III) a revolving loan fund;
‘‘(IV) a loan guarantee or insur-
ance program;
‘‘(V) a program operated by a
partnership among private entities for
the purchase, lease, or other acquisi-
tion of assistive technology devices or
assistive technology services; or
‘‘(VI) another mechanism ap-
proved by the Secretary.
individuals to learn about the use and operation
of assistive technology devices.
‘‘(3) STATE LEADERSHIP ACTIVITIES.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Any State that re-
ceives a grant under this section may use up to
40 percent of the funds made available through
the grant to carry out the activities described in
subparagraph (B).
‘‘(B) REQUIRED
ACTIVITIES.—The State
shall support—
‘‘(i) public awareness activities de-
signed to provide information to targeted
individuals relating to the availability and
benefits of assistive technology devices and
assistive technology services, including—
‘‘(I) the development and dis-
semination of information relating
to—
‘‘(aa) the nature of assistive
technology devices and assistive
technology services;
‘‘(bb) the appropriateness
of, cost of, availability of, evalua-
tion of, and access to, assistive
technology devices and assistive
technology services; and
‘‘(cc) the benefits of assist-
ive technology devices and assist-
ive technology services with re-
spect to enhancing the capacity
of individuals with disabilities of
all ages to perform activities of
daily living;
‘‘(II) the development of proce-
dures for providing direct communica-
tion between providers of assistive
technology and targeted individuals,
which may include partnerships with
the State and local workforce invest-
ment system established under the
Workforce Investment Act of 1998,
State vocational rehabilitation centers,
public and private employers, or ele-
mentary and secondary public schools;
and
‘‘(III) the development and dis-
semination, to targeted individuals, of
information about State efforts re-
lated to assistive technology; and
‘‘(IV) the distribution of mate-
rials to appropriate public and private
agencies that provide social, medical,
educational, employment, and trans-
portation services to individuals with
disabilities.
‘‘(ii) technical assistance and training
on—
‘‘(I) the development of training
materials and the conduct of training
in the use of assistive technology de-
vices and assistive technology services;
‘‘(II) providing technical assist-
ance, including technical assistance
concerning how—
‘‘(aa) to consider the needs
of an individual with a disability
for assistive technology devices
and assistive technology services
in developing any individualized
plan 
or 
program 
authorized
under Federal or State law; and
‘‘(bb) to increase consumer
participation regarding assistive
technology devices and assistive
technology services; and
‘‘(III) the enhancement of the as-
sistive technology skills and com-
petencies of—
‘‘(aa) individuals who work
for public or private entities (in-
cluding insurers and managed
care providers), who have contact
with individuals with disabilities;
‘‘(bb) educators and related
services personnel;
‘‘(cc) technology experts (in-
cluding engineers);
‘‘(dd) 
health 
and 
allied
health professionals;
‘‘(ee) employers; and
‘‘(ff) other appropriate per-
sonnel; and
‘‘(iii) outreach and support to state-
wide and community-based organizations
that provide assistive technology devices
and assistive technology services to individ-
uals with disabilities or that assist individ-
uals with disabilities in using assistive
technology devices and assistive technology
services, including a focus on organizations
assisting 
individuals 
from 
underrep-
resented populations and rural populations,
and further including support such as out-
reach to consumer organizations and
groups in the State to coordinate efforts to
assist individuals with disabilities of all
ages and their family members, guardians,
advocates, or authorized representatives, to
obtain funding for, access to, and informa-
tion on evaluation of assistive technology
devices and assistive technology services.
‘‘(C) AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES.—The State
may support the operation and administration
of the activities in paragraph (2), through inter-
agency coordination to develop and promote the
adoption of policies that improve access to as-
sistive technology devices and assistive tech-
nology services for individuals with disabilities
of all ages in the State and that result in im-
proved coordination among public and private
entities that are responsible or have the author-
ity to be responsible, for policies, procedures, or
funding for, or the provision of assistive tech-
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—If amounts made
available to carry out this section for any
fiscal year are insufficient to meet the min-
imum allotment requirement for each State
under subparagraph (B) for such fiscal
year, the Secretary shall ratably reduce
such amounts for such fiscal year.
‘‘(ii) ADDITIONAL
FUNDS.—If addi-
tional funds become available for making
payments described under this subsection
for any such fiscal year, the amounts that
were reduced under clause (i) shall be in-
creased on the same basis as such amounts
were reduced.
‘‘(d) LEAD AGENCY.—
‘‘(1) DESIGNATION.—To be eligible to receive a
grant under this section, the Governor of the State
shall designate in accordance with paragraph (2) a
lead agency to administer the grant under this sec-
tion.
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE
ENTITIES.—For purposes of
paragraph (1), the Governor of the State may des-
ignate one of the following:
‘‘(A) The State agency responsible for the
administration of vocational rehabilitation in
the State.
‘‘(B) A commission, council, or other offi-
cial body appointed by the Governor.
‘‘(C) A public-private partnership or con-
sortium.
‘‘(D) A public agency (including the office
of the Governor, a State oversight office, a
State agency, a public institution of higher edu-
cation, or other public entity).
‘‘(E) A council established under Federal
or State law.
‘‘(F) An organization described in section
501(c)(3) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986
and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of
that Act.
‘‘(G) Another appropriate office, agency,
entity, or organization.
‘‘(3) DUTIES OF THE LEAD AGENCY.—The du-
ties of the lead agency shall include—
‘‘(A) submitting the application described
in subsection (e) on behalf of the State;
‘‘(B) administering and supervising the use
of amounts made available under the grant re-
ceived by the State under this section;
‘‘(C) (i) coordinating efforts related to, and
supervising the preparation of, the application
described in subsection (e);
‘‘(ii) coordinating, maintaining, and evalu-
ating the comprehensive statewide program of
technology-related 
assistance 
among 
public
agencies and between public agencies and pri-
vate entities, including coordinating efforts re-
lated to entering into interagency agreements;
and
‘‘(iii) coordinating efforts, especially efforts
carried out with entities that provide protection
and advocacy services described in section 5, re-
lated to the active, timely, and meaningful par-
ticipation by individuals with disabilities and
their family members, guardians, advocates, or
authorized representatives, and other appro-
priate individuals, with respect to activities car-
ried out under the grant;
‘‘(D) delegating, in whole or in part, any
responsibilities described in subparagraph (A),
(B), or (C) to one or more appropriate offices,
agencies, entities, or individuals; and
‘‘(E) establishing a partnership or partner-
ships with private providers of social, medical,
educational, employment, and transportation
services to individuals with disabilities.
‘‘(4) CHANGE IN LEAD AGENCY.—The Governor
may change the lead agency of the State (to an
agency other than the lead agency of the State as
of the date of the enactment of the Improving Ac-
cess to Assistive Technology for Individuals with
Disabilities Act of 2004) if the Governor provides a
justification in the application to the Secretary for
such action. Nothing in this subsection shall be con-
strued to require the Governor of a State to change
the lead agency of the State to an agency other than
the lead agency of such State as of the date of the
enactment of the Improving Access to Assistive
Technology for Individuals with Disabilities Act of
2004.
‘‘(e) STATE APPLICATION.—
‘‘(1) SUBMISSION.—Any State that desires to
receive a grant under this section shall submit to the
Secretary an application at such time and in such
manner as the Secretary may specify.
‘‘(2) CONTENT.—Each application shall con-
tain, at a minimum, the following information:
‘‘(A) PLANNED ACTIVITIES.—A description
of those activities described in subsection (b)(2)
that the State will carry out under the grant.
‘‘(B) MEASURABLE GOALS.—A description
of—
‘‘(i) the measurable goals the State
has set for addressing the assistive tech-
nology needs of individuals with disabilities
in the State, including any measurable
goals, and a timeline for meeting such
goals, related to—
‘‘(I) education, including goals
involving the provision of assistive
technology to individuals with disabil-
ities that receive services under the
Individuals with Disabilities Edu-
cation Act;
‘‘(II) 
employment, 
including
goals involving the State vocational
rehabilitation program carried out
under title I of the Rehabilitation Act
of 1973;
‘‘(III) telecommunication and in-
formation technology; and
‘‘(IV) community living; and
‘‘(ii) how the State will quantifiably
measure the goals to determine whether
the goals have been achieved.
‘‘(C) INVOLVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH
DISABILITIES OF ALL AGES AND THEIR FAMI-
LIES.—A description of how individuals with
disabilities of all ages and their families—
‘‘(i) were involved in selecting—
‘‘(I) the goals;
‘‘(II) the activities to be under-
taken in achieving the goals; and
‘‘(III) the measures to be used in
judging if the goals have been
achieved; and
‘‘(ii) will be involved in measuring
whether the goals have been achieved.
‘‘(D) STATE SUPPORT.—A description of
those activities described in subsection (b)(2)
that the State will support under the grant, in-
cluding at a minimum the State’s plans to pro-
vide financial support, consistent with sub-