Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General 
and the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on 
persons determined to be engaged in malicious 
cyber-hacking. 
(3) On July 26, 2016, President Obama ap-
proved a Presidential Policy Directive on United 
States Cyber Incident Coordination, which states, 
‘‘certain cyber incidents that have significant im-
pacts on an entity, our national security, or the 
broader economy require a unique approach to re-
sponse efforts’’. 
(4) On December 29, 2016, President Obama 
issued an annex to Executive Order 13694, which 
authorized sanctions on the following entities and in-
dividuals: 
(A) The Main Intelligence Directorate 
(also 
known 
as 
Glavnoe 
Razvedyvatel’noe 
Upravlenie or the GRU) in Moscow, Russian 
Federation. 
(B) The Federal Security Service (also 
known as Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti or 
the FSB) in Moscow, Russian Federation. 
(C) The Special Technology Center (also 
known as STLC, Ltd. Special Technology Cen-
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ter St. Petersburg) in St. Petersburg, Russian 
Federation. 
(D) Zorsecurity (also known as Esage 
Lab) in Moscow, Russian Federation. 
(E) The autonomous noncommercial orga-
nization known as the Professional Association 
of Designers of Data Processing Systems (also 
known as ANO PO KSI) in Moscow, Russian 
Federation. 
(F) Igor Valentinovich Korobov. 
(G) Sergey Aleksandrovich Gizunov. 
(H) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov. 
(I) Vladimir Stepanovich Alexseyev. 
(5) On January 6, 2017, an assessment of the 
United States intelligence community entitled, ‘‘As-
sessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent 
U.S. Elections’’ stated, ‘‘Russian President Vladimir 
Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed 
at the United States presidential election. Russia’s 
goals were to undermine public faith in the United 
States democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clin-
ton, and harm her electability and potential presi-
dency.’’. The intelligence community ‘‘did not make 
an assessment of the impact that Russian activities 
had on the outcome of the 2016 election’’. The as-
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sessment warns that ‘‘Moscow will apply lessons 
learned from its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at 
the U.S. Presidential election to future influence ef-
forts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and 
their election processes’’. 
SEC. 103. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
PERSONS ENGAGING IN SIGNIFICANT ACTIVI-
TIES UNDERMINING CYBERSECURITY AND 
DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any 
person that the President determines— 
(1) knowingly engages, on behalf of the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation, in significant ac-
tivities undermining cybersecurity, through the use 
of computer networks or systems against persons or 
governments, that— 
(A) have a detrimental effect on public or 
private infrastructure of the United States or 
an ally of the United States; or 
(B) result in the compromise of democratic 
institutions of the United States or an ally of 
the United States; 
(2) materially assists, sponsors, or provides fi-
nancial, material, or technological support for, or 
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goods or services in support of, an activity described 
in paragraph (1); or 
(3) is owned or controlled by, or acts or pur-
ports to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, 
a person described in paragraph (1). 
(b) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are the following: 
(1) ASSET BLOCKING.—The exercise of all pow-
ers granted to the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 
et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit 
all transactions in all property and interests in prop-
erty of a person determined by the President to be 
subject to subsection (a) if such property and inter-
ests in property are in the United States, come with-
in the United States, or are or come within the pos-
session or control of a United States person. 
(2) EXCLUSION
FROM
THE
UNITED
STATES 
AND REVOCATION OF VISA OR OTHER DOCUMENTA-
TION.—In the case of an alien determined by the 
President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of 
a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, 
the alien, and revocation in accordance with section 
221(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
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U.S.C. 1201(i)), of any visa or other documentation 
of the alien. 
(c) REQUESTS
BY CHAIRPERSON
AND RANKING 
MEMBER
OF APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT-
TEES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after receiving a written request from the chair-
person and ranking member of one of the appro-
priate congressional committees with respect to 
whether a person meets the criteria for the imposi-
tion of sanctions under subsection (a), the President 
shall submit a response to the chairperson and rank-
ing member of the committee that made the request 
with respect to whether or not the person meets 
such criteria. 
(2) NOTIFICATION OF TERMINATION OF SANC-
TIONS.—If the President terminates sanctions im-
posed under subsection (a) with respect to a person 
that was the subject of a request under paragraph 
(1), the President shall notify the chairperson and 
ranking member of the appropriate congressional 
committee that made the request and provide to the 
chairperson and ranking member any information 
that contributed to the decision to terminate such 
sanctions. 
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(3) FORM.—The President may submit a re-
sponse required by paragraph (1) or a notification 
required by paragraph (3) in classified form if the 
President determines that it is necessary for the na-
tional security interests of the United States to do 
so. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 
(1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may ex-
ercise all authorities provided to the President under 
sections 203 and 205 of the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 
1704) to carry out subsection (b)(1). 
(2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 
violation of subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, li-
cense, or order issued to carry out subsection (b)(1) 
shall be subject to the penalties set forth in sub-
sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that 
commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) 
of that section. 
SEC. 104. CODIFICATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 13694. 
Executive Order 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relat-
ing to blocking the property of certain persons engaging 
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in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), as in ef-
fect on the day before the date of the enactment of this 
Act, and any sanctions imposed pursuant to that Execu-
tive order, shall remain in effect until the date specified 
in section 108. 
SEC. 105. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
PERSONS ENGAGING IN TRANSACTIONS WITH 
THE INTELLIGENCE OR DEFENSE SECTORS 
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FED-
ERATION. 
(a) LIST REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days 
thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress a list 
of each person that knowingly, on or after such date of 
enactment, engages in a significant transaction with a per-
son that is part of, or operates for or on behalf of, the 
defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the 
Russian Federation, including the Main Intelligence Agen-
cy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Rus-
sian Federation or the Federal Security Service of the 
Russian Federation. 
(b) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President shall 
impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in subsection 
(c) with respect to a person on the list required by sub-
section (a). 
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(c) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to be 
imposed with respect to a person subject to subsection (b) 
are the following: 
(1) EXPORT-IMPORT
BANK
ASSISTANCE
FOR 
EXPORTS TO SANCTIONED PERSONS.—The President 
may direct the Export-Import Bank of the United 
States not to give approval to the issuance of any 
guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or partici-
pation in the extension of credit in connection with 
the export of any goods or services to the person 
subject to subsection (b). 
(2) EXPORT
SANCTION.—The President may 
order the United States Government not to issue 
any specific license and not to grant any other spe-
cific permission or authority to export any goods or 
technology to the person subject to subsection (b) 
under— 
(A) the Export Administration Act of 1979 
(50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) (as continued in effect 
pursuant to the International Emergency Eco-
nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)); 
(B) the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 
(C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or 
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(D) any other statute that requires the 
prior review and approval of the United States 
Government as a condition for the export or re-
export of goods or services. 
(3) LOANS FROM UNITED STATES FINANCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS.—The President may prohibit any 
United States financial institution from making 
loans or providing credits to the person subject to 
subsection (b) totaling more than $10,000,000 in 
any 12-month period unless the person is engaged in 
activities to relieve human suffering and the loans or 
credits are provided for such activities. 
(4) LOANS
FROM
INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS.—The President may direct the 
United States executive director to each inter-
national financial institution to use the voice and 
vote of the United States to oppose any loan from 
the international financial institution that would 
benefit the person subject to subsection (b). 
(5) PROHIBITIONS
ON
FINANCIAL
INSTITU-
TIONS.—The following prohibitions may be imposed 
against the person subject to subsection (b) if that 
person is a financial institution: 
(A) PROHIBITION
ON
DESIGNATION
AS 
PRIMARY DEALER.—Neither the Board of Gov-
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ernors of the Federal Reserve System nor the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York may des-
ignate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
designation of, the financial institution as a pri-
mary dealer in United States Government debt 
instruments. 
(B) PROHIBITION ON SERVICE AS A RE-
POSITORY
OF
GOVERNMENT
FUNDS.—The fi-
nancial institution may not serve as agent of 
the United States Government or serve as re-
pository for United States Government funds. 
The imposition of either sanction under subpara-
graph (A) or (B) shall be treated as 1 sanction for 
purposes of subsection (b), and the imposition of 
both such sanctions shall be treated as 2 sanctions 
for purposes of subsection (b). 
(6) PROCUREMENT
SANCTION.—The United 
States Government may not procure, or enter into 
any contract for the procurement of, any goods or 
services from the person subject to subsection (b). 
(7) FOREIGN EXCHANGE.—The President may, 
pursuant to such regulations as the President may 
prescribe, prohibit any transactions in foreign ex-
change that are subject to the jurisdiction of the 
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United States and in which the person subject to 
subsection (b) has any interest. 
(8) BANKING
TRANSACTIONS.—The President 
may, pursuant to such regulations as the President 
may prescribe, prohibit any transfers of credit or 
payments between financial institutions or by, 
through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
that such transfers or payments are subject to the 
jurisdiction of the United States and involve any in-
terest of the person subject to subsection (b). 
(9) PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS.—The President 
may, pursuant to such regulations as the President 
may prescribe, prohibit any person from— 
(A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
transferring, withdrawing, transporting, import-
ing, or exporting any property that is subject to 
the jurisdiction of the United States and with 
respect to which the person subject to sub-
section (b) has any interest; 
(B) dealing in or exercising any right, 
power, or privilege with respect to such prop-
erty; or 
(C) conducting any transaction involving 
such property. 
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(10) BAN ON INVESTMENT IN EQUITY OR DEBT 
OF SANCTIONED PERSON.—The President may, pur-
suant to such regulations or guidelines as the Presi-
dent may prescribe, prohibit any United States per-
son from investing in or purchasing significant 
amounts of equity or debt instruments of the person 
subject to subsection (b). 
(11) EXCLUSION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS.— 
The President may direct the Secretary of State to 
deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity to exclude from the United States, any alien 
that the President determines is a corporate officer 
or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
interest in, the person subject to subsection (b). 
(12) SANCTIONS ON PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OF-
FICERS.—The President may impose on the prin-
cipal executive officer or officers of the person sub-
ject to subsection (b), or on persons performing 
similar functions and with similar authorities as 
such officer or officers, any of the sanctions under 
this subsection. 
SEC. 106. EXEMPTIONS, WAIVERS, AND RULEMAKING. 
(a) EXEMPTIONS.—The following activities shall be 
exempt from sanctions under sections 103 and 105: 
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(1) Activities subject to the reporting require-
ments under title V of the National Security Act of 
1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or any authorized in-
telligence activities of the United States. 
(2) The admission of an alien to the United 
States if such admission is necessary to comply with 
United States obligations under the Agreement be-
tween the United Nations and the United States of 
America regarding the Headquarters of the United 
Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and 
entered into force November 21, 1947, under the 
Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna 
April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 
1967, or under other international agreements. 
(b) EXCEPTION RELATING
TO IMPORTATION
OF 
GOODS.—The requirement to impose sanctions under sec-
tions 103 and 105 shall not include the authority to im-
pose sanctions on the importation of goods. 
(c) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica-
tion of sanctions under section 103 or 105 if before the 
waiver to takes effect, the President submits to the appro-
priate congressional committees— 
(1) a written determination that the waiver— 
(A) is vital to the national security inter-
ests of the United States; or 
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(B) will further the enforcement of this 
title; and 
(2) a certification that the Government of the 
Russian Federation has made significant efforts to 
reduce the number and intensity of the cyber intru-
sions conducted by that Government. 
(d) RULEMAKING.—The President may prescribe 
such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry 
out the provisions of this title. 
(e) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title 
shall be construed— 
(1) to supersede the limitations on the use of 
rocket engines for national security purposes under 
section 1608 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. 
‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 128 
Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended by 
section 1607 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 
Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Pub-
lic Law 114–328); or 
(2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 
the Department of Defense from acquiring compo-
nents referred to in such section 1608. 
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SEC. 107. PUBLIC SERVICE CAMPAIGN RELATING TO CY-
BERSECURITY 
AND 
COMBATING 
DISINFORMATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall conduct a series of public service campaigns to 
educate the people of the United States on threats to their 
cybersecurity and to urge better online practices to ensure 
the protection of private information. In conducting such 
campaigns, the Secretary shall offer training in basic skills 
on fact checking news articles and media sources. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for the Secretary of 
Homeland Security $25,000,000 for fiscal years 2018 
through 2019 to carry out the activities set forth in sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 108. TERMINATION. 
Sanctions imposed under this title shall terminate on 
the date on which the President submits to the appro-
priate congressional committees a certification that the 
Government of the Russian Federation has ceased 
cyberattacks against United States official and unofficial 
entities. 
SEC. 109. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this title may be construed to limit the 
authority of the President to designate or sanction persons 
pursuant to an applicable Executive order or otherwise 
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pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). 
TITLE II—COUNTERING RUSSIAN 
AGGRESSION 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
The title may be cited as the ‘‘Countering Russian 
Aggression Act of 2017’’. 
SEC. 202. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The Government of the Russian Federation 
continues to violate its commitments under the Con-
ference on Security and Co-operation in Europe 
Final Act, concluded at Helsinki August 1, 1975 
(commonly referred to as the ‘‘Helsinki Final Act’’), 
which laid the groundwork for the establishment of 
the Organization for Security and Co-operation in 
Europe, of which the Russian Federation is a mem-
ber, by its illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, its 
illegal occupation of South Ossetia and Abkhazia in 
Georgia in 2008, and its ongoing destabilizing activi-
ties in eastern Ukraine. 
(2) The Government of the Russian Federation 
has ignored the terms of the August 2008 cease-fire 
agreement relating to Georgia, which requires the 
withdrawal of Russian troops, free access by human-
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itarian groups to the regions of South Ossetia and 
Abkhazia, and monitoring of the conflict areas by 
the European Union Monitoring Mission. 
(3) The Government of the Russian Federation 
is failing to comply with the terms of the Minsk 
Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern 
Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 
2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, 
and Germany, as well as the Minsk Protocol, which 
was agreed to on September 5, 2014 (in this Act 
collectively referred to as the ‘‘Minsk Agreements’’). 
(4) On October 7, 2016, United States Sec-
retary of State John Kerry, addressing the conflict 
in Syria, said ‘‘Russia and the regime owe the world 
more than an explanation about why they keep hit-
ting hospitals, and medical facilities, and children 
and women. . . . These are acts that beg for an ap-
propriate investigation of war crimes, and those who 
commit these would and should be held accountable 
for these actions. . . . This is a targeted strategy to 
terrorize civilians.’’. 
SEC. 203. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the President should call on all parties to 
fully implement the Minsk Agreement to address the 
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ongoing conflict in Eastern Ukraine signed in 
Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015, by the lead-
ers of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany as 
well as the Minsk Protocol agreed to on September 
5, 2014; and 
(2) the Department of State’s Office of Global 
Criminal Justice and relevant organizations, includ-
ing the Center for Justice and Accountability and 
the Commission for International Justice and Ac-
countability, should conduct a full investigation into 
allegations that the Russian Federation committed 
war crimes through its military actions in Syria. 
SEC. 204. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST UNITED STATES REC-
OGNITION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S 
ANNEXATION OF CRIMEA AND OCCUPATION 
OF SOUTH OSSETIA AND ABKHAZIA. 
(a) UNITED STATES POLICY AGAINST RECOGNITION 
OF
TERRITORIAL
CHANGES
EFFECTED
BY
FORCE 
ALONE.—Between the years of 1940 and 1991, the 
United States did not recognize the forcible incorporation 
and annexation of the three Baltic States of Lithuania, 
Latvia, and Estonia into the Soviet Union under a policy 
known as the ‘‘Stimson Doctrine’’. 
(b) NON-RECOGNITION OF SOVEREIGNTY OF RUS-
SIAN FEDERATION OVER CRIMEA AND INDEPENDENCE 
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OF SOUTH OSSETIA AND ABKHAZIA.—No Federal agency 
shall take any action or extend any assistance that recog-
nizes or implies any recognition of— 
(1) the de jure or de facto sovereignty of the 
Russian Federation over Crimea or its airspace or 
territorial waters; or 
(2) the de jure or de facto independence of 
South Ossetia or Abkhazia, or the airspace or terri-
torial waters of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, from 
Georgia. 
(c) DEPARTMENT
OF JUSTICE AFFIRMATION
OF 
NON-RECOGNITION OF SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIAN FED-
ERATION OVER CRIMEA AND INDEPENDENCE OF SOUTH 
OSSETIA
AND ABKHAZIA.—In any matter before any 
United States court, upon request of the court or any 
party to the matter, the Attorney General shall affirm the 
United States policies of not recognizing— 
(1) the de jure or de facto sovereignty of the 
Russian Federation over Crimea or its airspace or 
territorial waters; and 
(2) the de jure or de facto independence of 
South Ossetia or Abkhazia, or the airspace or terri-
torial waters of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, from 
Georgia. 
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(d) DOCUMENTS PORTRAYING CRIMEA AS PART OF 
RUSSIAN FEDERATION OR SOUTH OSSETIA OR ABKHAZIA 
AS INDEPENDENT FROM GEORGIA.—The Government 
Publishing Office shall not print any map, document, 
record, or other paper of the United States portraying or 
otherwise indicating— 
(1) Crimea as part of the territory of the Rus-
sian Federation; or 
(2) South Ossetia or Abkhazia as anything 
other than a part of Georgia. 
(e) UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES.—The Sec-
retary of Defense may not take any action, including any 
movement of aircraft or vessels, that implies recognition 
of— 
(1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation 
over Crimea or its airspace or territorial waters; or 
(2) the independence of Abkhazia or South 
Ossetia, or the airspace or territorial waters of 
South Ossetia or Abkhazia, from Georgia. 
(f) UNITED STATES FLAGGED VESSELS.—No vessel 
that is issued a certificate of documentation under chapter 
121 of title 46, United States Code, may take any action 
that implies recognition of— 
(1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation 
over Crimea or its territorial waters; or 
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(2) the independence of South Ossetia or 
Abkhazia, or the territorial waters of South Ossetia 
or Abkhazia, from Georgia. 
(g) UNITED STATES AIRCRAFT.—No aircraft oper-
ated by an air carrier that holds an air carrier certificate 
issued under chapter 411 of title 49, United States Code, 
may take any action that implies recognition of— 
(1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation 
over Crimea or its airspace; or 
(2) the independence of South Ossetia or 
Abkhazia, or the airspace of South Ossetia or 
Abkhazia, from Georgia. 
SEC. 205. STATEMENTS OF POLICY WITH RESPECT TO 
UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—It is the policy of the United 
States to further assist the Government of Ukraine in re-
storing its sovereignty and territorial integrity to contain, 
reverse, and deter the aggression of the Russian Federa-
tion in Ukraine. That policy shall be carried into effect, 
among other things, through a comprehensive effort, in 
coordination with allies and partners of the United States 
where appropriate, that includes sanctions, diplomacy, and 
assistance, including lethal defensive weapons systems, for 
the people of Ukraine intended to enhance their ability to 
consolidate a democracy based on the rule of law and with 
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(2) support the efforts of independent media 
outlets and public broadcasters to broadcast, dis-
tribute, and share information in all regions; 
(3) support objective, Russian-language, inde-
pendent media, investigative journalism, and civil so-
ciety watchdog groups working to combat corrup-
tion; 
(4) promote and protect Internet freedom; 
(5) support, as appropriate, the operations and 
activities of national anti-corruption and auditing of-
fices; 
(6) support programs that strengthen inde-
pendent judiciaries and prosecutors general offices; 
(7) strengthen cybersecurity practices of gov-
ernments and civil society organizations; 
(8) support research and analysis on the effects 
of information warfare on target audiences and best 
practices for promoting resilience; 
(9) support evidence-based civic education and 
advocacy programs to strengthen resilience to misin-
formation; 
(10) encourage cooperation with social media 
companies to strengthen the integrity of information 
on the Internet; and 
(11) support programs to counter ‘‘fake news’’. 
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