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(B) public exigencies require the immediate delivery of articles 
or performance of services; 
(C) only one source of supply is available and the Federal Gov-
ernment purchasing or contracting officer so certifies; or 
(D) services are required to be performed by a contractor in 
person and are— 
(i) of a technical and professional nature; or 
(ii) under Federal Government supervision and paid for on 
a time basis. 
(c) SALES.—Except when otherwise authorized by law or when the rea-
sonable value involved in any one case does not exceed $500, sales and con-
tracts of sale by the Federal Government are governed by the requirements 
of this section for advertising. 
(d) APPLICATION TO WHOLLY OWNED GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS.— 
For wholly owned Government corporations, this section applies only to ad-
ministrative transactions. 
§ 6102. Exceptions from advertising requirement 
(a) AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION.—Section 6101 of this 
title does not apply to the American Battle Monuments Commission with 
respect to leases in foreign countries for office or garage space. 
(b) BUREAU
OF INTERPARLIAMENTARY UNION
FOR PROMOTION
OF 
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION.—Section 6101 of this title does not apply 
to the Bureau of Interparliamentary Union for Promotion of International 
Arbitration with respect to necessary stenographic reporting services by con-
tract. 
(c) DEPARTMENT OF STATE.—Section 6101 of this title does not apply 
to the Department of State when the purchase or service relates to the 
packing of personal and household effects of Diplomatic, Consular, and For-
eign Service officers and clerks for foreign shipment. 
(d) INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF AERIAL LEGAL EXPERTS.—Section 
6101 of this title does not apply to the International Committee of Aerial 
Legal Experts with respect to necessary stenographic and other services by 
contract. 
(e) ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL.—The purchase of supplies and equip-
ment and the procurement of services for all branches under the Architect 
of the Capitol may be made in the open market according to common busi-
ness practice, without compliance with section 6101 of this title, when the 
aggregate amount of the purchase or the service does not exceed $25,000 
in any instance. 
(f) FOREST PRODUCTS FROM INDIAN RESERVATIONS.—Lumber and 
other forest products produced by Indian enterprises from forests on Indian 
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reservations may be sold under regulations the Secretary of the Interior pre-
scribes, without compliance with section 6101 of this title. 
(g) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.—Section 6101 of this title does not 
apply to purchases and contracts for supplies or services for any office of 
the House of Representatives. 
(h) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.—The Director of the Congres-
sional Budget Office may enter into agreements or contracts without regard 
to section 6101 of this title. 
§ 6103. Opening of bids 
Whenever proposals for supplies have been solicited, the parties respond-
ing to the solicitation shall be notified of the time and place of the opening 
of the bids, and be permitted to be present either in person or by attorney. 
A record of each bid shall be made at the time and place of the opening 
of the bids. 
CHAPTER 63—GENERAL CONTRACT PROVISIONS 
Sec. 
6301.
Authorization requirement. 
6302.
Contracts for fuel made by Secretary of the Army. 
6303.
Certain contracts limited to appropriated amounts. 
6304.
Certain contracts limited to one-year term. 
6305.
Prohibition on transfer of contract and certain allowable assignments. 
6306.
Prohibition on Members of Congress making contracts with Federal Government. 
6307.
Contracts with Federal Government-owned establishments and availability of appro-
priations. 
6308.
Contracts for transportation of Federal Government securities. 
6309.
Honorable discharge certificate in lieu of birth certificate. 
§ 6301. Authorization requirement 
(a) IN GENERAL.—A contract or purchase on behalf of the Federal Gov-
ernment shall not be made unless the contract or purchase is authorized by 
law or is under an appropriation adequate to its fulfillment. 
(b) EXCEPTION.— 
(1) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘defined Secretary’’ 
means— 
(A) the Secretary of Defense; or 
(B) the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the 
Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is not operating as a service 
in the Navy. 
(2) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) does not apply to a contract or 
purchase made by a defined Secretary for clothing, subsistence, forage, 
fuel, quarters, transportation, or medical and hospital supplies. 
(3) CURRENT YEAR LIMITATION.—A contract or purchase made by 
a defined Secretary under this subsection may not exceed the neces-
sities of the current year. 
(4) REPORTS.—The defined Secretary shall immediately advise Con-
gress when authority is exercised under this subsection. The defined 
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Secretary shall report quarterly on the estimated obligations incurred 
pursuant to the authority granted in this subsection. 
(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR PURCHASE OF LAND.—Land may not be pur-
chased by the Federal Government unless the purchase is authorized by law. 
§ 6302. Contracts for fuel made by Secretary of the Army 
The Secretary of the Army, when the Secretary believes it is in the inter-
est of the United States, may enter into contracts and incur obligations for 
fuel in sufficient quantities to meet the requirements for one year without 
regard to the current fiscal year. Amounts appropriated for the fiscal year 
in which the contract is made or amounts appropriated or which may be 
appropriated for the following fiscal year may be used to pay for supplies 
delivered under a contract made pursuant to this section. 
§ 6303. Certain contracts limited to appropriated amounts 
A contract to erect, repair, or furnish a public building, or to make any 
public improvement, shall not be made on terms requiring the Federal Gov-
ernment to pay more than the amount specifically appropriated for the ac-
tivity covered by the contract. 
§ 6304. Certain contracts limited to one-year term 
Except as otherwise provided, an executive department shall not make a 
contract for stationery or other supplies for a term longer than one year 
from the time the contract is made. 
§ 6305. Prohibition on transfer of contract and certain al-
lowable assignments 
(a) GENERAL PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER OF CONTRACTS.—The party 
to whom the Federal Government gives a contract or order may not transfer 
the contract or order, or any interest in the contract or order, to another 
party. A purported transfer in violation of this subsection annuls the con-
tract or order so far as the Federal Government is concerned, except that 
all rights of action for breach of contract are reserved to the Federal Gov-
ernment. 
(b) ASSIGNMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsection (a) and in accordance 
with the requirements of this subsection, amounts due from the Fed-
eral Government under a contract may be assigned to a bank, trust 
company, Federal lending agency, or other financing institution. 
(2) MINIMUM AMOUNT.—This subsection applies only to a contract 
under which the aggregate amounts due from the Federal Government 
total at least $1,000. 
(3) ACCORD WITH CONTRACT TERMS.—Assignment may not be made 
under this subsection if the contract forbids the assignment. 
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