I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6425 
To establish a national strategy for combating scams, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 4, 2025 
Mr. AMO (for himself, Mr. SCHMIDT, Ms. NORTON, and Ms. MCBRIDE) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Ju-
diciary, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, and 
Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within 
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To establish a national strategy for combating scams, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Strategy for 
Combating Scams Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) More than 4 in 10 individuals in the United 
States, an estimated 141,500,000 adults, say they 
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have lost money to scams or had sensitive informa-
tion obtained and used fraudulently. 
(2) Consumers reported losing more than 
$12,000,000,000 to fraud in 2024, a 25 percent in-
crease over the prior year, with imposter scams 
being the most commonly reported scam category. 
(3) Criminals are increasingly using Generative 
Artificial Intelligence to conduct scams, including 
hyper-realistic voice deepfakes to manipulate victims. 
(4) Scams harm all people of the United States, 
but can particularly affect older adults by harming 
their mental health and by forcing them to live with 
fewer resources. 
(5) The Government Accountability Office 
found that there are at least 13 agencies engaged in 
a range of activities relating to countering scams, all 
of which have their own mandate and authorities 
and are largely carrying out their activities inde-
pendently. 
(6) To improve the ability of Federal agencies 
to coordinate and target efforts to counter scams, 
the Government Accountability Office has rec-
ommended that the Federal Bureau of Investigation 
lead an effort to develop a National Strategy for 
Combating Scams. 
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SEC. 3. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COMBATING SCAMS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT
OF WORKING GROUP.—Not 
later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall 
assemble a working group to develop a National Strategy 
for Combating Scams, in coordination with the heads of 
each of the following: 
(1) The Federal Trade Commission. 
(2) The Consumer Financial Protection Bu-
reau. 
(3) The Department of Health and Human 
Services. 
(4) The Department of State. 
(5) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. 
(6) The Federal Reserve Board. 
(7) The Financial Crimes Enforcement Net-
work. 
(8) The Department of Homeland Security. 
(9) The National Credit Union Administration. 
(10) The Office of the Comptroller of Currency. 
(11) The Office of the United States Attorney. 
(12) The United States Secret Service. 
(13) The Department of the Treasury. 
(14) The Federal Communications Commission. 
(15) The Securities and Exchange Commission. 
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(16) The Commodities Futures Trading Com-
mission. 
(17) The Social Security Administration. 
(18) Any other Federal Department or agency, 
as determined appropriate. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR 
COMBATING SCAMS.—The working group established pur-
suant to subsection (a) shall develop a National Strategy 
for Combating Scams that— 
(1) incorporates feedback from community 
stakeholders, including— 
(A) survivors of scams, and groups that 
represent survivors of scams; 
(B) older adults and groups that represent 
older adults; 
(C) individuals with disabilities and groups 
that represent individuals with disabilities; 
(D) Federal, State, and local prosecutors 
and law enforcement officials with expertise in 
scams, and groups that represent such prosecu-
tors and law enforcement officials; 
(E) business and non-profit organizations 
that play a role in preventing and addressing 
scams, including telecommunications, financial, 
social media, retail, and technology companies, 
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and groups that represent such businesses and 
non-profit organizations; 
(F) experts on human behavior and scam 
prevention; 
(G) Adult Protective Services agencies, and 
groups that represent them; 
(H) Area Agencies on Aging, and groups 
that represent them; 
(I) State, local, and Tribal government of-
ficials, and groups that represent State and 
local government officials; and 
(J) any other community stakeholders, as 
determined appropriate by the working group; 
(2) establishes a definition of ‘‘scam’’, for use 
in the National Strategy and by the Federal Bureau 
of Investigation, the Federal Trade Commission, and 
the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the es-
tablishment of which includes— 
(A) an analysis explaining the reasons the 
working group selected the definition; and 
(B) an evaluation of whether agencies 
other than the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
the Federal Trade Commission, and the Con-
sumer Financial Protection Bureau should 
adopt the definition, including an analysis of 
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the barriers or unintended consequences of 
doing so; 
(3) evaluates the risks from scams, including an 
analysis of threats and vulnerabilities, health and fi-
nancial risks to scam survivors, risks to national and 
economic security, and the proper Federal response 
to scams; 
(4) evaluates methods for preventing scams, in-
cluding evidence-based best practices that can be im-
plemented and measured by the Federal Govern-
ment, State, local, and Tribal governments, busi-
nesses, non-profit organizations, community mem-
bers, and family members of those at risk of being 
scammed; 
(5) defines agency roles, responsibilities, and 
authorities for preventing and combating scams; 
(6) analyzes maintaining a single, government- 
wide estimate of scams perpetrated and the dollar 
losses associated with them, including incidents not 
reported, including either— 
(A) a plan for developing and maintaining 
such an estimate; or 
(B) an analysis of the barriers preventing 
the development of such an estimate and the 
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legislative, 
regulatory, 
or 
administrative 
changes that could eliminate those barriers; 
(7) formulates a plan to— 
(A) ensure coordinated, consistent, and ac-
cessible consumer complaint reporting for 
scams across Federal agencies, including com-
plaint reporting that is accessible for individuals 
with disabilities; 
(B) identify duplication in tasks and re-
sponsibilities between agencies and establish 
deconfliction procedures for overlapping juris-
dictional authorities to improve coordination 
and collaboration; 
(C) ensure harmonized, adequate, timely, 
and accurate data collection and data aggrega-
tion on scams across Federal agencies, includ-
ing ways to— 
(i) better collect data and encourage 
reporting on scams; 
(ii) better identify scams; 
(iii) consistently collect data on the 
types of scams, dollar losses from scams, 
payment methods used for scams, and 
other data, as appropriate; 
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(iv) promote Federal law enforcement 
data interoperability and intelligence gath-
ering across data collection platforms; and 
(v) modernize law enforcement data 
and reporting, including through the use of 
artificial intelligence and other innovative 
technology to enhance data synthesis; 
(D) increase coordination between Federal 
and private sector efforts, including efforts by 
businesses and non-profits, to prevent scams 
by— 
(i) facilitating and coordinating the 
rapid sharing of data by private sector 
businesses (including technology compa-
nies, banks, and telecommunication compa-
nies) necessary to the investigation of 
scams by law enforcement officials; 
(ii) 
authenticating 
legitimate 
and 
blocking scam-related transactions and 
communications; and 
(iii) coordinating preemptive enforce-
ment and takedown actions; 
(E) establish coordinated rapid response 
protocols that provide individuals with timely, 
accurate warnings and prevention guidance 
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through trusted channels, ensuring that scam 
threats are identified quickly and communicated 
effectively to the public; 
(F) increase coordination between Federal, 
State, local, and Tribal government efforts to 
prevent and combat scams, including analyzing 
the feasibility of the creation of elder justice 
task forces within local governments; 
(G) coordinate efforts to address complex 
and multifaceted scams that cross jurisdictional 
boundaries; and 
(H) monitor and evaluate the effectiveness 
of 
the 
implementation 
of 
strategies 
rec-
ommended in the National Strategy for Com-
bating Scams; 
(8) evaluate ways for the Federal Government 
to partner with State, local, and Tribal law enforce-
ment agencies, financial institutions, telecom car-
riers, technology companies, and other entities deter-
mined appropriate to support victim recovery, in-
cluding providing clear accessible resources for as-
sistance and redress; 
(9) enhance coordination with foreign countries 
to combat large-scale scams originating abroad that 
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target persons in the United States to improve 
cross-border enforcement; 
(10) analyzes the legislative, regulatory, or ad-
ministrative changes needed to carry out the Na-
tional Strategy for Combating Scams and enable a 
comprehensive and coordinated Federal response to 
scams; 
(11) identifies the resources needed to prevent 
and combat scams and implement the National 
Strategy for Combating Scams; and 
(12) addresses any other topic relating to the 
promotion of a coordinated national response to 
scams, as determined appropriate by the working 
group. 
(c) SUBMISSION AND PUBLICATION.—Not later than 
1 year after the establishment of the working group under 
subsection (a), the working group shall— 
(1) submit the National Strategy for Combating 
Scams developed under subsection (b) to the Special 
Committee on Aging of the Senate, the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; 
and 
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(2) make the National Strategy for Combating 
Scams publicly available, including on a publicly ac-
cessible website. 
(d) UPDATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Following the publication of 
the National Strategy for Combating Scams under 
paragraph (c), not less frequently than once every 5 
years, the working group established pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall update such publication, includ-
ing by— 
(A) collecting and incorporating new feed-
back from community stakeholders; and 
(B) updating the definition of ‘‘scam’’, as 
appropriate. 
(2) SUBMISSION AND PUBLICATION.—Not later 
than 30 days after each update under paragraph 
(1), the working group established pursuant to sub-
section (a) shall— 
(A) submit the updated National Strategy 
for Combating Scams to the Special Committee 
on Aging of the Senate, the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate, and the Committee on 
the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; 
and 
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(B) make the updated National Strategy 
for Combating Scams publicly available, includ-
ing on a publicly accessible website. 
SEC. 4. ADOPTION OF COMMON DEFINITION OF ‘‘SCAM’’. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
publication of the National Strategy for Combating Scams 
under section 3(c), the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 
the Federal Trade Commission, and the Consumer Finan-
cial Protection Bureau shall adopt the common definition 
of ‘‘scam’’ recommended in the National Strategy for 
Combating Scams. 
(b) UPDATES TO DEFINITION.—If, pursuant to sec-
tion 3(d), the working group updates the definition of 
‘‘scam’’ in an updated National Strategy for Combating 
Scams, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Federal 
Trade Commission, and the Consumer Financial Protec-
tion Bureau shall adopt the updated common definition 
of ‘‘scam’’ not later than 1 year after such update. 
Æ 
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