IV 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 1168 
Commemorating the 100th anniversary of Polish independence. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 3, 2018 
Ms. KAPTUR (for herself, Mrs. WALORSKI, Mr. LIPINSKI, Mr. SMITH of New 
Jersey, Mr. FITZPATRICK, Mrs. DINGELL, Mr. HIGGINS of New York, 
Mr. QUIGLEY, Mrs. COMSTOCK, Mr. SENSENBRENNER, Mr. SIRES, and 
Mr. DIAZ-BALART) submitted the following resolution; which was referred 
to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Commemorating the 100th anniversary of Polish 
independence. 
Whereas a shared commitment to democratic principles, free-
dom, rule of law, and human rights form the foundation 
of the close United States-Polish relationship, as well as 
the deep resolve to the North Atlantic military alliance 
and the transatlantic relationship to ensure security in 
Europe and globally; 
Whereas the United States-Polish friendship precedes the 
birth of the United States, where Polish generals 
Taddeus Kosciuszko and Casimir Pulaski bravely fought 
for independence and freedom for both the United States 
and Poland; 
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•HRES 1168 IH 
Whereas the democratic values of the United States and Po-
land go back to the 1700s; 
Whereas, on May 3, 1791, Poland adopted the first constitu-
tion in Europe based on the ideas of liberty and constitu-
tional monarchy, which paved the way for future demo-
cratic reforms and equal rights for all; 
Whereas in October 1795, Poland was invaded and suc-
cumbed to the third partition between the Russian Em-
pire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Mon-
archy, and as a result lost its sovereignty for the next 
123 years; 
Whereas Poles’ perseverant fight to regain independence cul-
minated in the November Uprising of 1830 and the Jan-
uary Uprising of 1863, in which hundreds of Poles sac-
rificed their lives to help rebuild Poland’s sovereignty; 
Whereas Poland’s national identity was preserved through 
fostered education and economic empowerment of the 
masses, coined in the ‘‘organic work’’ ideology, that rec-
ognized modernization of the Polish society as a pre-
requisite for preservation of Polish nationhood; 
Whereas President Woodrow Wilson’s and Igancy Paderew-
ski’s advocacy for the cause of Poland’s independence 
were critical for the recognition of Polish sovereignty 
after the end of the First World War; 
Whereas, on November 11, 1918, the Regency Council of Po-
land named Jozef Pilsudski the Commander in Chief of 
Poland and entrusted him to build a government for the 
newly reconstituted Poland, marking the formation of the 
Second Republic of Poland; 
Whereas heroic Polish resistance fighters and soldiers fought 
in World War II against tyranny on all fronts and at 
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•HRES 1168 IH 
home only to find that liberation from the Nazis became 
domination by the Soviet Union; 
Whereas Poland’s solidarity movement headed by Lech 
Walesa led to the ultimate defeat of communism and the 
fall of the Soviet Empire, and paved the way for the 
blessings of liberty for millions of Europeans; 
Whereas Poland joined the community of democracies and 
availed itself of democratic principles by acceding to the 
NATO alliance in 1999 and the European Union in 
2004; and 
Whereas up to 10 million Polish-Americans continue to make 
remarkable and valued contributions to the Nation, in-
cluding serving in political leadership, fighting for liberty 
in the armed forces, building America’s future in fac-
tories, and leading in creative and economic innovation: 
Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) commemorates the 100th anniversary of 
Polish independence and values the opportunity to 
remember the historic events and brave individuals 
that brought about reconstitution of Poland’s sov-
ereignty; 
(2) honors the courage and sacrifice of the peo-
ple of Poland, who did not lose their determination 
to advance the cause of Polish independence during 
123 years of partitions; and 
(3) reaffirms the close bonds between Poland 
and the United States based on the love of freedom, 
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thirst for liberty, and shared commitment to rule of 
law, as well as a strong military cooperation to cre-
ate a more secure and democratic world. 
Æ 
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