I 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7090 
To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act 
of 1974 and related laws to strengthen the protection of native biodiver-
sity and ban clearcutting on Federal land, to designate certain Federal 
land as Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection areas, and 
special areas where logging and other intrusive activities are prohibited, 
to transfer administrative jurisdiction of Giant Sequoia National Monu-
ment to the National Park Service, to consider areas for inclusion in 
the National Park System, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 25, 2008 
Ms. ESHOO (for herself, Mrs. MALONEY of New York, Ms. LEE, Mr. VAN 
HOLLEN, Mr. WEXLER, Ms. SCHWARTZ, Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON 
of Texas, Mr. FARR, Mr. COHEN, Mr. NADLER, Mr. CARSON, Mrs. 
CAPPS, Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA, Mr. KENNEDY, Mrs. CHRISTENSEN, Ms. 
JACKSON-LEE of Texas, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. KUCINICH, Mr. STARK, Mr. 
ANDREWS, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. HINCHEY, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. SERRANO, Mr. 
SCHIFF, Mr. MORAN of Virginia, Mr. OLVER, Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. JACK-
SON of Illinois, Mr. LANGEVIN, Mr. BERMAN, Mr. ROTHMAN, Mr. 
TOWNS, Mr. BISHOP of New York, Ms. DELAURO, Mr. MOORE of Kan-
sas, Ms. ZOE LOFGREN of California, Mr. HONDA, Mr. WAXMAN, Ms. 
SLAUGHTER, Mr. HARE, Mrs. TAUSCHER, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. 
MCDERMOTT, Mr. CLAY, Mr. HASTINGS of Florida, Mr. CAPUANO, Ms. 
BERKLEY, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Ms. SUTTON, Mr. CARNAHAN, Mr. HOLT, 
Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. MILLER of North Carolina, Mr. CONYERS, 
Mrs. LOWEY, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. EMANUEL, Mr. SESTAK, Mrs. MCCARTHY 
of New York, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 
ENGEL, Mr. GUTIERREZ, Mr. WEINER, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. GEORGE MIL-
LER of California, Ms. MCCOLLUM of Minnesota, Mr. FRANK of Massa-
chusetts, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, and Mr. SHAYS) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in 
addition to the Committee on Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provi-
sions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
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A BILL 
To amend the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
Planning Act of 1974 and related laws to strengthen 
the protection of native biodiversity and ban clearcutting 
on Federal land, to designate certain Federal land as 
Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection 
areas, and special areas where logging and other intru-
sive activities are prohibited, to transfer administrative 
jurisdiction of Giant Sequoia National Monument to the 
National Park Service, to consider areas for inclusion 
in the National Park System, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Act to Save America’s Forests’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes. 
TITLE I—LAND MANAGEMENT 
Sec. 101. Committee of scientists. 
Sec. 102. Continuous forest inventory. 
Sec. 103. Administration and management. 
Sec. 104. Conforming amendments. 
TITLE II—PROTECTION FOR ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS 
AREAS, WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL AREAS 
Sec. 201. Findings. 
Sec. 202. Definitions. 
Sec. 203. Designation of special areas. 
Sec. 204. Restrictions on management activities in Ancient forests, roadless 
areas, watershed protection areas, and special areas. 
TITLE III—GIANT SEQUOIA NATIONAL MONUMENT 
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Sec. 301. Findings. 
Sec. 302. Definitions. 
Sec. 303. Additions to Giant Sequoia National Monument. 
Sec. 304. Transfer of administrative jurisdiction over the Giant Sequoia Na-
tional Monument. 
Sec. 305. Giant Sequoia National Monument Advisory Board. 
Sec. 306. Transfer of remainder of Sequoia National Forest to Sierra National 
Forest and Inyo National Forest. 
Sec. 307. Authorization of appropriations. 
TITLE IV—NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM NEW AREA STUDIES 
Sec. 401. Findings. 
Sec. 402. Reconnaissance surveys of certain areas for inclusion within National 
Park System. 
Sec. 403. Committee of scientists. 
TITLE V—EFFECTIVE DATE AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
Sec. 501. Effective date. 
Sec. 502. Effect on existing contracts. 
Sec. 503. Wilderness Act exclusion. 
Sec. 504. Effect of conflict with Endangered Species Act of 1973. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Federal agencies that permit clearcutting 
and other forms of even-age logging operations in-
clude the Forest Service, the United States Fish and 
Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Manage-
ment. 
(2) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations cause substantial alterations in 
native biodiversity by— 
(A) emphasizing the production of a lim-
ited number of commercial species, and often 
only a single species, of trees on each site; 
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(B) manipulating the vegetation toward 
greater relative density of the commercial spe-
cies; 
(C) suppressing competing species; and 
(D) requiring the planting, on numerous 
sites, of a commercial strain of the species that 
reduces the relative diversity of other genetic 
strains of the species that were traditionally lo-
cated on the same sites. 
(3) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations— 
(A) frequently lead to the death of immo-
bile species and the very young of mobile spe-
cies of wildlife; and 
(B) deplete the habitat of deep-forest spe-
cies of animals, including endangered species 
and threatened species. 
(4) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations— 
(A) expose the soil to direct sunlight and 
the impact of precipitation; 
(B) disrupt the soil surface; 
(C) compact organic layers; and 
(D) disrupt the run-off restraining capa-
bilities of roots and low-lying vegetation, result-
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ing in soil erosion, the leaching of nutrients, a 
reduction in the biological content of soil, and 
the impoverishment of soil. 
(5) All of the consequences described in para-
graph (4) have a long-range deleterious effect on all 
land resources, including timber production. 
(6) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations aggravate global climate change 
by— 
(A) decreasing the capability of the soil to 
retain carbon; and 
(B) during the critical periods of felling 
and site preparation, reducing the capacity of 
the biomass to process and to store carbon, 
with a resultant loss of stored carbon to the at-
mosphere. 
(7) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations render soil increasingly sensitive 
to acid deposits by causing a decline of soil wood 
and coarse woody debris. 
(8) A decline of solid wood and coarse woody 
debris reduces the capacity of soil to retain water 
and nutrients, which in turn increases soil heat and 
impairs soil’s ability to maintain protective carbon 
compounds on the soil surface. 
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(9) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations result in— 
(A) increased stream sedimentation and 
the silting of stream bottoms; 
(B) a decline in water quality; 
(C) the impairment of life cycles and 
spawning processes of aquatic life from benthic 
organisms to large fish; and 
(D) as a result of the effects described in 
subparagraphs (A) through (C), a depletion of 
the sport and commercial fisheries of the 
United States. 
(10) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
management of Federal forests disrupt natural dis-
turbance regimes that are critical to ecosystem func-
tion. 
(11) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations increase harmful edge effects, in-
cluding— 
(A) blowdowns; 
(B) invasions by weed species; and 
(C) heavier losses to predators and com-
petitors. 
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(12) By reducing the number of deep, canopied, 
variegated, permanent forests, clearcutting and other 
forms of even-age logging operations— 
(A) limit areas where the public can satisfy 
an expanding need for recreation; and 
(B) decrease the recreational value of land. 
(13) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
logging operations replace forests described in para-
graph (12) with a surplus of clearings that grow into 
relatively impenetrable thickets of saplings, and then 
into monoculture tree plantations. 
(14) Because of the harmful and, in many 
cases, irreversible, damage to forest species and for-
est ecosystems caused by logging of Ancient and 
roadless forests, clearcutting, and other forms of 
even-age management, it is important that these 
practices be halted based on the precautionary prin-
ciple. 
(15) Human beings depend on native biological 
resources, including plants, animals, and micro-orga-
nisms— 
(A) for food, medicine, shelter, and other 
important products; and 
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(B) as a source of intellectual and sci-
entific knowledge, recreation, and aesthetic 
pleasure. 
(16) Alteration of native biodiversity has seri-
ous consequences for human welfare, as the United 
States irretrievably loses resources for research and 
agricultural, medicinal, and industrial development. 
(17) Alteration of biodiversity in Federal forests 
adversely affects the functions of ecosystems and 
critical ecosystem processes that— 
(A) moderate climate; 
(B) govern nutrient cycles and soil con-
servation and production; 
(C) control pests and diseases; and 
(D) degrade wastes and pollutants. 
(18) Clearcutting and other forms of even-age 
management operations have significant deleterious 
effects on native biodiversity, by reducing habitat 
and food for cavity-nesting birds and insectivores 
such as the 3-toed woodpecker and hairy woodpecker 
and for neotropical migratory bird species. 
(19) The reduction in habitat and food supply 
could disrupt the lines of dependency among species 
and their food resources and thereby jeopardize crit-
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ical ecosystem function, including limiting outbreaks 
of destructive insect populations. For example— 
(A) 
the 
3-toed 
woodpecker 
requires 
clumped snags in spruce-fir forests, and 99 per-
cent of its winter diet is composed of insects, 
primarily spruce beetles; and 
(B) a 3-toed woodpecker can consume as 
much as 26 percent of the brood of an endemic 
population of spruce bark beetle and reduce 
brood survival of the population by 70 to 79 
percent. 
(20) The harm of clearcutting and other forms 
of even-age logging operations on the natural re-
sources of the United States and the quality of life 
of the people of the United States is substantial, se-
vere, and avoidable. 
(21) By substituting selection management, as 
required by this Act, for clearcutting and other 
forms of even-age logging operations, the Federal 
agencies involved with those logging operations 
would substantially reduce devastation to the envi-
ronment and improve the quality of life of the people 
of the United States. 
(22) Selection management— 
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(A) retains natural forest structure and 
function; 
(B) focuses on long-term rather than 
short-term management; 
(C) works with, rather than against, the 
checks and balances inherent in natural proc-
esses; and 
(D) permits the normal, natural processes 
in a forest to allow the forest to go through the 
natural stages of succession to develop a forest 
with old growth ecological functions. 
(23) By protecting native biodiversity, as re-
quired by this Act, Federal agencies would maintain 
vital native ecosystems and improve the quality of 
life of the people of the United States. 
(24) Selection logging— 
(A) is more job intensive, and therefore 
provides more employment than clearcutting 
and other forms of even-age logging operations 
to manage the same quantity of timber produc-
tion; and 
(B) produces higher quality sawlogs than 
clearcutting and other forms of even-age log-
ging operations. 
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(25) The judicial remedies available to enforce 
Federal forest laws are inadequate, and should be 
strengthened by providing for injunctions, declara-
tory judgments, statutory damages, and reasonable 
costs of suit. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purposes of this Act are as fol-
lows: 
(1) To conserve native biodiversity and protect 
native ecosystems on Federal land against losses 
that result from— 
(A) clearcutting and other forms of even- 
age logging operations; and 
(B) logging in Ancient forests, roadless 
areas, watershed protection areas, and special 
areas. 
(2) To transfer administrative jurisdiction of 
Giant Sequoia National Monument to the National 
Park Service. 
(3) To require the Secretary of the Interior to 
study and recommend new areas of Federal land po-
tentially suited for inclusion in the National Park 
System. 
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TITLE I—LAND MANAGEMENT 
SEC. 101. COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS. 
Section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable 
Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1604) is 
amended by striking subsection (h) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(h) COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—To carry out subsection 
(g), the Secretary shall appoint a committee com-
posed of scientists— 
‘‘(A) who are not officers or employees of 
the Forest Service, of any other public entity, 
or of any entity engaged in whole or in part in 
the production of wood or wood products; 
‘‘(B) not more than one-third of whom 
have contracted with or represented any entity 
described in subparagraph (A) during the 5- 
year period ending on the date of the proposed 
appointment to the committee; and 
‘‘(C) not more than one-third of whom are 
foresters. 
‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS OF FORESTERS.—A for-
ester appointed to the committee shall be an indi-
vidual with— 
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‘‘(A) extensive training in conservation bi-
ology; and 
‘‘(B) field experience in selection manage-
ment. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The committee shall provide sci-
entific and technical advice and counsel on proposed 
guidelines and procedures and all other issues involv-
ing forestry and native biodiversity to promote an ef-
fective interdisciplinary approach to forestry and na-
tive biodiversity. 
‘‘(4) TERMINATION.—The committee shall ter-
minate on the date that is 10 years after the date 
of enactment of the Act to Save America’s For-
ests.’’. 
SEC. 102. CONTINUOUS FOREST INVENTORY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, each of the Chief of the 
Forest Service, the Director of the United States Fish and 
Wildlife Service, and the Director of the Bureau of Land 
Management (referred to individually as an ‘‘agency 
head’’) shall prepare a continuous inventory of forest land 
administered by those agency heads, respectively. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—A continuous forest inventory 
shall constitute a long-term monitoring and inventory sys-
tem that— 
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(1) is contiguous throughout affected Federal 
forest land; and 
(2) is based on a set of permanent plots that 
are inventoried every 10 years to— 
(A) assess the impacts that human activi-
ties are having on management of the eco-
system; 
(B) gauge— 
(i) floristic and faunistic diversity, 
abundance, and dominance; and 
(ii) economic and social value; and 
(C) monitor changes in the age, structure, 
and diversity of species of trees and other vege-
tation. 
(c) DECENNIAL INVENTORIES.—Each decennial in-
ventory under subsection (b)(2) shall be completed not 
more than 60 days after the date on which the inventory 
is begun. 
(d) NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES.—In pre-
paring a continuous forest inventory, an agency head may 
use the services of the National Academy of Sciences to— 
(1) develop a system for the continuous forest 
inventory by which certain guilds or indicator species 
are measured; and 
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(2) identify any changes to the continuous for-
est inventory that are necessary to ensure that the 
continuous forest inventory is consistent with the 
most accurate scientific methods. 
(e) WHOLE-SYSTEM MEASURES.—At the end of each 
forest planning period, an agency head shall document 
whole-system measures that will be taken as a result of 
a decennial inventory. 
(f) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—Results of a continuous 
forest inventory shall be made available to the public with-
out charge. 
SEC. 103. ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT. 
The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources 
Planning Act of 1974 is amended by adding after section 
6 (16 U.S.C. 1604) the following: 
‘‘SEC. 6A. CONSERVATION OF NATIVE BIODIVERSITY; SE-
LECTION 
LOGGING; 
PROHIBITION 
OF 
CLEARCUTTING. 
‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies to the ad-
ministration and management of— 
‘‘(1) National Forest System land, under this 
Act; 
‘‘(2) Federal land, under the Federal Land Pol-
icy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 
et seq.); and 
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‘‘(3) National Wildlife Refuge System land, 
under the National Wildlife Refuge System Adminis-
tration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd et seq.). 
‘‘(b) NATIVE BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTED AREAS.— 
The Secretary shall provide for the conservation or res-
toration of native biodiversity in each stand and each wa-
tershed throughout each forested area, except during the 
extraction stage of authorized mineral development or dur-
ing authorized construction projects, in which cases the 
Secretary shall conserve native biodiversity to the max-
imum extent practicable. 
‘‘(c) RESTRICTION ON USE OF CERTAIN LOGGING 
PRACTICES.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) AGE DIVERSITY.—The term ‘age di-
versity’ means the naturally occurring range 
and distribution of age classes within a given 
species. 
‘‘(B) BASAL AREA.—The term ‘basal area’ 
means the area of the cross section of a tree 
stem, including the bark, at 4.5 feet above the 
ground. 
‘‘(C) CLEARCUTTING.—The term ‘clear-
cutting’ means an even-age logging operation 
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that removes all of the trees over a considerable 
portion of a stand at one time. 
‘‘(D) CONSERVATION.—The term ‘con-
servation’ means protective measures for main-
taining native biodiversity and active and pas-
sive measures for restoring diversity through 
management efforts, in order to protect, re-
store, and enhance as much of the variety of 
species and communities as practicable in abun-
dances and distributions that provide for their 
continued existence and normal functioning, in-
cluding the viability of populations throughout 
their natural geographic distributions. 
‘‘(E) EVEN-AGE LOGGING OPERATION.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘even- 
age logging operation’ means a logging ac-
tivity that— 
‘‘(I) creates a clearing or opening 
that exceeds 1⁄5 acre; 
‘‘(II) creates a stand in which the 
majority of trees are within 10 years 
of the same age; or 
‘‘(III) within a period of 30 
years, cuts or removes more than the 
lesser of— 
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‘‘(aa) the growth of the 
basal area of all tree species (not 
including a tree of a non-native 
invasive 
tree 
species 
or 
an 
invasive plantation species) in a 
stand; or 
‘‘(bb) 20 percent of the 
basal area of a stand. 
‘‘(ii) INCLUSION.—The term ‘even-age 
logging operation’ includes the application 
of clearcutting, high grading, seed-tree cut-
ting, shelterwood cutting, or any other log-
ging method in a manner inconsistent with 
selection management. 
‘‘(iii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘even- 
age logging operation’ does not include the 
cutting or removal of— 
‘‘(I) a tree of a non-native 
invasive tree species; or 
‘‘(II) an invasive plantation spe-
cies, if native longleaf pine are plant-
ed in place of the removed invasive 
plantation species. 
‘‘(F) GENETIC DIVERSITY.—The term ‘ge-
netic diversity’ means the differences in genetic 
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composition within and among populations of a 
species. 
‘‘(G) HIGH
GRADING.—The term ‘high 
grading’ means the removal of only the larger 
or more commercially valuable trees in a stand, 
resulting in an alteration in the natural range 
of age diversity or species diversity in the stand. 
‘‘(H) INVASIVE
PLANTATION
SPECIES.— 
The term ‘invasive plantation species’ means a 
loblolly pine or slash pine that was planted or 
managed by the Forest Service or any other 
Federal agency as part of an even-aged 
monoculture tree plantation. 
‘‘(I) NATIVE BIODIVERSITY.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘native 
biodiversity’ means— 
‘‘(I) the full range of variety and 
variability within and among living or-
ganisms; and 
‘‘(II) the ecological complexes in 
which the living organisms would have 
occurred (including naturally occur-
ring disturbance regimes) in the ab-
sence of significant human impact. 
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‘‘(ii) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘native 
biodiversity’ includes diversity— 
‘‘(I) within a species (including 
genetic diversity, species diversity, and 
age diversity); 
‘‘(II) within a community of spe-
cies; 
‘‘(III) between communities of 
species; 
‘‘(IV) within a discrete area, such 
as a watershed; 
‘‘(V) along a vertical plane from 
ground to sky, including application of 
the plane to all the other types of di-
versity; and 
‘‘(VI) along the horizontal plane 
of the land surface, including applica-
tion of the plane to all the other types 
of diversity. 
‘‘(J) NON-NATIVE
INVASIVE
TREE
SPE-
CIES.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘non-na-
tive invasive tree species’ means a species 
of tree not native to North America. 
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‘‘(ii) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘non-na-
tive invasive tree species’ includes— 
‘‘(I) Australian pine (Casaurina 
equisetifolia); 
‘‘(II) Brazilian pepper (Schinus 
terebinthifolius); 
‘‘(III) 
Common 
buckthorn 
(Rhamnus cathartica); 
‘‘(IV) 
Eucalyptus 
(Eucalyptus 
globulus); 
‘‘(V) Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus 
frangula); 
‘‘(VI) 
Melaleuca 
(Melaleuca 
quinquenervia); 
‘‘(VII) 
Norway 
maple 
(Acer 
platanoides); 
‘‘(VIII) Princess tree (Paulownia 
tomentosa); 
‘‘(IX) Salt cedar (Tamarix spe-
cies); 
‘‘(X) 
Silk 
tree 
(Albizia 
julibrissin); 
‘‘(XI) 
Strawberry 
guava 
(Psidium cattleianum); 
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‘‘(XII) Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus 
altissima); 
‘‘(XIII) 
Velvet 
tree 
(Miconia 
calvescens); and 
‘‘(XIV) White poplar (Populus 
alba). 
‘‘(K) SEED-TREE
CUT.—The term ‘seed- 
tree cut’ means an even-age logging operation 
that leaves a small minority of seed trees in a 
stand for any period of time. 
‘‘(L) SELECTION MANAGEMENT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘selec-
tion management’ means a method of log-
ging that emphasizes the periodic, indi-
vidual selection and removal of varying size 
and age classes of the weaker, nondomi-
nant cull trees in a stand and leaves uncut 
the stronger dominant trees to survive and 
reproduce, in a manner that works with 
natural forest processes and— 
‘‘(I) ensures the maintenance of 
continuous high forest cover where 
high forest cover naturally occurs; 
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‘‘(II) ensures the maintenance or 
natural regeneration of all native spe-
cies in a stand; 
‘‘(III) ensures the growth and de-
velopment of trees through a range of 
diameter or age classes to provide a 
sustained yield of forest products in-
cluding clean water, rich soil, and na-
tive plants and wildlife; and 
‘‘(IV) ensures that some dead 
trees, standing and downed, shall be 
left in each stand where selection log-
ging occurs, to fulfill their necessary 
ecological functions in the forest eco-
system, including providing elemental 
and organic nutrients to the soil, 
water retention, and habitat for en-
demic insect species that provide the 
primary food source for predators (in-
cluding various species of amphibians 
and birds, such as cavity nesting 
woodpeckers). 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to 
subclause (II), the term ‘selection 
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management’ does not include an 
even-age logging operation. 
‘‘(II) FELLING AGE; NATIVE BIO-
DIVERSITY.—Subclause (I) does not— 
‘‘(aa) establish a 150-year 
projected felling age as the 
standard 
at 
which 
individual 
trees in a stand are to be cut; or 
‘‘(bb) limit native biodiver-
sity to that which occurs within 
the context of a 150-year pro-
jected felling age. 
‘‘(M) SHELTERWOOD
CUT.—The term 
‘shelterwood cut’ means an even-age logging op-
eration that leaves— 
‘‘(i) a minority of the stand (larger 
than a seed-tree cut) as a seed source; or 
‘‘(ii) a protection cover remaining 
standing for any period of time. 
‘‘(N) SPECIES DIVERSITY.—The term ‘spe-
cies diversity’ means the richness and variety of 
native species in a particular location. 
‘‘(O) STAND.—The term ‘stand’ means a 
biological community of trees on land described 
in subsection (a), comprised of not more than 
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100 contiguous acres with sufficient identity of 
one or more characteristics (including location, 
topography, and dominant species) to be man-
aged as a unit. 
‘‘(P) TIMBER PURPOSE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘timber 
purpose’ means the use, sale, lease, or dis-
tribution of trees, including the felling of 
trees or portions of trees. 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—The term ‘timber 
purpose’ does not include the felling of 
trees or portions of trees to create land 
space for a Federal administrative struc-
ture. 
‘‘(Q) WITHIN-COMMUNITY
DIVERSITY.— 
The term ‘within-community diversity’ means 
the distinctive assemblages of species and eco-
logical processes that occur in various physical 
settings of the biosphere and distinct locations. 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION
OF
CLEARCUTTING
AND 
OTHER
FORMS
OF
EVEN-AGE
LOGGING
OPER-
ATIONS.—No clearcutting or other form of even-age 
logging operation shall be permitted in any stand or 
watershed. 
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‘‘(3) MANAGEMENT
OF
NATIVE
BIODIVER-
SITY.—On each stand on which an even-age logging 
operation has been conducted on or before the date 
of enactment of this section, and on each deforested 
area managed for timber purposes on or before the 
date of enactment of this section, excluding areas oc-
cupied by existing buildings, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) prescribe a shift to selection manage-
ment; or 
‘‘(B) cease managing the stand for timber 
purposes, in which case the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) undertake an active restoration of 
the native biodiversity of the stand; or 
‘‘(ii) permit the stand to regain native 
biodiversity. 
‘‘(4) ENFORCEMENT.— 
‘‘(A) FINDING.—Congress finds that all 
people of the United States are injured by ac-
tions on land to which subsection (g)(3)(B) and 
this subsection applies. 
‘‘(B) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this para-
graph is to foster the widest and most effective 
possible enforcement of subsection (g)(3)(B) 
and this subsection. 
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‘‘(C) FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT.—The Sec-
retary of Agriculture, the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, and the Attorney General shall enforce 
subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection against 
any person that violates one or more of those 
provisions. 
‘‘(D) CITIZEN SUITS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—A citizen harmed 
by a violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or 
this subsection may bring a civil action in 
United States district court for a declara-
tory judgment, a temporary restraining 
order, an injunction, statutory damages, or 
other remedy against any alleged violator, 
including the United States. 
‘‘(ii) JUDICIAL RELIEF.—If a district 
court of the United States determines that 
a violation of subsection (g)(3)(B) or this 
subsection 
has 
occurred, 
the 
district 
court— 
‘‘(I) shall impose a damage 
award of not less than $5,000; 
‘‘(II) may issue one or more in-
junctions or other forms of equitable 
relief; and 
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‘‘(III) shall award to the plain-
tiffs reasonable costs of bringing the 
action, including attorney’s fees, wit-
ness fees, and other necessary ex-
penses. 
‘‘(iii) STANDARD
OF
PROOF.—The 
standard of proof in all actions under this 
subparagraph shall be the preponderance 
of the evidence. 
‘‘(iv) TRIAL.—A trial for any action 
under this subsection shall be de novo. 
‘‘(E) PAYMENT OF DAMAGES.— 
‘‘(i) 
NON-FEDERAL
VIOLATOR.—A 
damage award under subparagraph (D)(ii) 
shall be paid to the Treasury by a non- 
Federal violator or violators designated by 
the court. 
‘‘(ii) FEDERAL VIOLATOR.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Not later 
than 40 days after the date on which 
judgment is rendered, a damage 
award under subparagraph (D)(ii) for 
which the United States is determined 
to be liable shall be paid from the 
Treasury, as provided under section 
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1304 of title 31, United States Code, 
to the person or persons designated to 
receive the damage award. 
‘‘(II) USE OF DAMAGE AWARD.— 
A damage award described under sub-
clause (I) shall be used by the recipi-
ent to protect or restore native bio-
diversity on Federal land or on land 
adjoining Federal land. 
‘‘(III) 
COURT
COSTS.—Any 
award of costs of litigation and any 
award of attorney fees shall be paid 
by a Federal violator not later than 
40 days after the date on which judg-
ment is rendered. 
‘‘(F) WAIVER OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The United States 
(including agents and employees of the 
United States) waives its sovereign immu-
nity in all respects in all actions under 
subsection (g)(3)(B) and this subsection. 
‘‘(ii) NOTICE.—No notice is required 
to enforce this subsection.’’. 
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SEC. 104. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 
Section 6(g)(3) of the Forest and Rangeland Renew-
able Resource Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 
1604(g)(3)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon at the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 
and inserting a period; and 
(3) by striking subparagraph (F). 
TITLE II—PROTECTION FOR AN-
CIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS 
AREAS, WATERSHED PROTEC-
TION AREAS, AND SPECIAL 
AREAS 
SEC. 201. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Unfragmented forests on Federal land, 
unique and valuable assets to the general public, are 
damaged by extractive logging. 
(2) Less than 10 percent of the original 
unlogged forests of the United States remain, and 
the vast majority of the remnants of the original for-
ests of the United States are located on Federal 
land. 
(3) Large, unfragmented forest watersheds pro-
vide high-quality water supplies for drinking, agri-
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culture, industry, and fisheries across the United 
States. 
(4) The most recent scientific studies indicate 
that several thousand species of plants and animals 
are dependent on large, unfragmented forest areas. 
(5) Many neotropical migratory songbird spe-
cies are experiencing documented broad-scale popu-
lation declines and require large, unfragmented for-
ests to ensure their survival. 
(6) Destruction of large-scale natural forests 
has resulted in a tremendous loss of jobs in the fish-
ing, hunting, tourism, recreation, and guiding indus-
tries, and has adversely affected sustainable non-
timber forest products industries, such as the collec-
tion of mushrooms and herbs. 
(7) Extractive logging programs on Federal 
land are carried out at enormous financial costs to 
the Treasury and taxpayers of the United States. 
(8) Ancient forests continue to be threatened by 
logging and deforestation and are rapidly dis-
appearing. 
(9) Ancient forests help regulate atmospheric 
balance, maintain biodiversity, and provide valuable 
scientific opportunity for monitoring the health of 
the planet. 
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(10) Prohibiting extractive logging in the An-
cient forests would create the best conditions for en-
suring stable, well distributed, and viable popu-
lations of the northern spotted owl, marbled 
murrelet, American marten, and other vertebrates, 
invertebrates, vascular plants, and nonvascular 
plants associated with those forests. 
(11) Prohibiting extractive logging in the An-
cient forests would create the best conditions for en-
suring stable, well distributed, and viable popu-
lations of anadromous salmonids, resident salmo-
nids, and bull trout. 
(12) Roadless areas are de facto wilderness that 
provide wildlife habitat and recreation. 
(13) Large unfragmented forests, contained in 
large part on roadless areas on Federal land, are 
among the last refuges for native animal and plant 
biodiversity, and are vital to maintaining viable pop-
ulations of threatened, endangered, sensitive, and 
rare species. 
(14) Roads cause soil erosion, disrupt wildlife 
migration, and allow nonnative species of plants and 
animals to invade native forests. 
(15) The mortality and reproduction patterns of 
forest dwelling animal populations are adversely af-
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fected by traffic-related fatalities that accompany 
roads. 
(16) The exceptional recreational, biological, 
scientific, or economic assets of certain special for-
ested areas on Federal land are valuable to the pub-
lic of the United States and are damaged by extrac-
tive logging. 
(17) In order to gauge the effectiveness and ap-
propriateness of current and future resource man-
agement activities, and to continue to broaden and 
develop our understanding of silvicultural practices, 
many special forested areas need to remain in a nat-
ural, unmanaged state to serve as scientifically es-
tablished baseline control forests. 
(18) Certain special forested areas provide habi-
tat for the survival and recovery of endangered and 
threatened plant and wildlife species, such as grizzly 
bears, spotted owls, Pacific salmon, and Pacific yew, 
that are harmed by extractive logging. 
(19) Many special forested areas on Federal 
land are considered sacred sites by native peoples. 
(20) As a legacy for the enjoyment, knowledge, 
and well-being of future generations, provisions must 
be made for the protection and perpetuation of the 
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Ancient forests, roadless areas, watershed protection 
areas, and special areas of the United States. 
SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ANCIENT FOREST.—The term ‘‘Ancient for-
est’’ means— 
(A) the northwest Ancient forests, includ-
ing— 
(i) Federal land identified as late-suc-
cessional reserves, riparian reserves, and 
key watersheds under the heading ‘‘Alter-
native 1’’ of the report entitled ‘‘Final 
Supplemental 
Environmental 
Impact 
Statement on Management of Habitat for 
Late-Successional and Old-Growth Forest 
Related Species Within the Range of the 
Northern Spotted Owl, Vol. I.’’, and dated 
February 1994; and 
(ii) Federal land identified by the 
term ‘‘medium and large conifer multi-sto-
ried, canopied forests’’ as defined in the re-
port described in clause (i); 
(B) the eastside Cascade Ancient forests, 
including— 
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(i) Federal land identified as ‘‘Late- 
Succession/Old-growth Forest (LS/OG)’’ 
depicted on maps for the Colville National 
Forest, Fremont National Forest, Malheur 
National Forest, Ochoco National Forest, 
Umatilla National Forest, Wallowa-Whit-
man National Forest, and Winema Na-
tional Forest in the report entitled ‘‘In-
terim Protection for Late-Successional 
Forests, Fisheries, and Watersheds: Na-
tional Forests East of the Cascade Crest, 
Oregon, and Washington’’, prepared by the 
Eastside Forests Scientific Society Panel 
(The Wildlife Society, Technical Review 
94–2, August 1994); 
(ii) Federal land east of the Cascade 
crest in the States of Oregon and Wash-
ington, defined as ‘‘late successional and 
old-growth forests’’ in the general defini-
tion on page 28 of the report described in 
clause (i); and 
(iii) Federal land classified as ‘‘Or-
egon Aquatic Diversity Areas’’, as defined 
in the report described in clause (i); and 
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(C) the Sierra Nevada Ancient forests, in-
cluding— 
(i) Federal land identified as ‘‘Areas 
of Late-Successional Emphasis (ALSE)’’ 
in the report entitled, ‘‘Final Report to 
Congress: Status of the Sierra Nevada’’, 
prepared by the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem 
Project (Wildland Resources Center Report 
#40, University of California, Davis, 1996/ 
97); 
(ii) Federal land identified as ‘‘Late- 
Succession/Old-Growth Forests Rank 3, 4 
or 5’’ in the report described in clause (i); 
and 
(iii) Federal land identified as ‘‘Poten-
tial Aquatic Diversity Management Areas’’ 
on the map on page 1497 of Volume II of 
the report described in clause (i). 
(2) EXTRACTIVE LOGGING.—The term ‘‘extrac-
tive logging’’ means the felling or removal of any 
trees from Federal forest land for any purpose. 
(3) IMPROVED
ROAD.—The term ‘‘improved 
road’’ means any road maintained for travel by 
standard passenger type vehicles. 
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(4) ROADLESS
AREA.—The term ‘‘roadless 
area’’ means a contiguous parcel of Federal land 
that is— 
(A) devoid of improved roads, except as 
provided in subparagraph (B); and 
(B) composed of— 
(i) at least 1,000 acres west of the 
100th meridian (with up to 1⁄2 mile of im-
proved roads per 1,000 acres); 
(ii) at least 1,000 acres east of the 
100th meridian (with up to 1⁄2 mile of im-
proved roads per 1,000 acres); or 
(iii) less than 1,000 acres, but share 
a border that is not an improved road with 
a wilderness area, primitive area, or wil-
derness study area. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’, with 
respect to any Federal land in an Ancient forest, 
roadless area, watershed protection area, or special 
area, means the head of the Federal agency having 
jurisdiction over the Federal land. 
(6) SPECIAL AREA.—The term ‘‘special area’’ 
means an area of Federal forest land designated 
under section 3 that may not meet the definition of 
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an Ancient forest, roadless area, or watershed pro-
tection area, but that— 
(A) possesses outstanding biological, sce-
nic, recreational, or cultural values; and 
(B) is exemplary on a regional, national, or 
international level. 
(7) 
WATERSHED
PROTECTION
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘watershed protection area’’ means Federal 
land that extends— 
(A) 300 feet from both sides of the active 
stream channel of any permanently flowing 
stream or river; 
(B) 100 feet from both sides of the active 
channel of any intermittent, ephemeral, or sea-
sonal stream, or any other nonpermanently 
flowing drainage feature having a definable 
channel and evidence of annual scour or deposi-
tion of flow-related debris; 
(C) 300 feet from the edge of the max-
imum level of any natural lake or pond; or 
(D) 150 feet from the edge of the max-
imum level of a constructed lake, pond, or res-
ervoir, or a natural or constructed wetland. 
SEC. 203. DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
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(1) FINDING.—A special area shall possess at 
least one of the values described in paragraphs (2) 
through (5). 
(2) BIOLOGICAL VALUES.—The biological values 
of a special area may include the presence of— 
(A) threatened species or endangered spe-
cies of plants or animals; 
(B) rare or endangered ecosystems; 
(C) key habitats necessary for the recovery 
of endangered species or threatened species; 
(D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
underrepresented forest ecosystems; 
(E) migration corridors; 
(F) areas of outstanding biodiversity; 
(G) old growth forests; 
(H) commercial fisheries; and 
(I) sources of clean water such as key wa-
tersheds. 
(3) SCENIC VALUES.—The scenic values of a 
special area may include the presence of— 
(A) unusual geological formations; 
(B) designated wild and scenic rivers; 
(C) unique biota; and 
(D) vistas. 
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(4) RECREATIONAL VALUES.—The recreational 
values of a special area may include the presence 
of— 
(A) designated national recreational trails 
or recreational areas; 
(B) areas that are popular for such recre-
ation and sporting activities as— 
(i) hunting; 
(ii) fishing; 
(iii) camping; 
(iv) hiking; 
(v) aquatic recreation; and 
(vi) winter recreation; 
(C) Federal land in regions that are under-
served in terms of recreation; 
(D) land adjacent to designated wilderness 
areas; and 
(E) solitude. 
(5) CULTURAL VALUES.—The cultural values of 
a special area may include the presence of— 
(A) sites with Native American religious 
significance; and 
(B) historic or prehistoric archaeological 
sites eligible for listing on the national historic 
register. 
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(b) SIZE VARIATION.—A special area may vary in 
size to encompass the outstanding biological, scenic, rec-
reational, or cultural value or values to be protected. 
(c) DESIGNATION OF SPECIAL AREAS.—There are 
designated the following special areas, which shall be sub-
ject to the management restrictions specified in section 
204: 
(1) ALABAMA.— 
(A) SIPSEY WILDERNESS HEADWATERS.— 
Certain land in the Bankhead National Forest, 
Bankhead Ranger District, in Lawrence Coun-
ty, totaling approximately 22,000 acres, located 
directly north and upstream of the Sipsey Wil-
derness, and directly south of Forest Road 213. 
(B) BRUSHY FORK.—Certain land in the 
Bankhead National Forest, Bankhead Ranger 
District, in Lawrence County, totaling approxi-
mately 6,200 acres, bounded by Forest Roads 
249, 254, and 246 and Alabama Highway 33. 
(C) REBECCA MOUNTAIN.—Certain land in 
the Talladega National Forest, Talladega Rang-
er District, Talladega County and Clay County, 
totaling approximately 9,000 acres, comprised 
of all Talladega National Forest lands south of 
Forest Roads 621 and 621 B, east of Alabama 
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Highway 48/77 and County Highway 308, and 
north of the power transmission line. 
(D) AUGUSTA MINE RIDGE.—Certain land 
in the Talladega National Forest, Shoal Creek 
Ranger District, Cherokee County and Cleburn 
County, totaling approximately 6,000 acres, and 
comprised of all Talladega National Forest land 
north of the Chief Ladiga Rail Trail. 
(E) MAYFIELD
CREEK.—Certain land in 
the Talladega National Forest, Oakmulgee 
Ranger District, in Rail County, totaling ap-
proximately 4,000 acres, and bounded by For-
est Roads 731, 723, 718, and 718A. 
(F) BEAR
BAY.—Certain land in the 
Conecuh National Forest, Conecuh District, in 
Covington County, totaling approximately 3,000 
acres, bounded by County Road 11, Forest 
Road 305, County Road 3, and the County 
Road connecting County Roads 3 and 11. 
(2) ALASKA.— 
(A) TURNAGAIN ARM.—Certain land in the 
Chugach National Forest, on the Kenai Penin-
sula, totaling approximately 100,000 acres, ex-
tending from sea level to ridgetop surrounding 
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the inlet of Turnagain Arm, known as 
‘‘Turnagain Arm’’. 
(B) HONKER DIVIDE.—Certain land in the 
Tongass National Forest, totaling approxi-
mately 75,000 acres, located on north central 
Prince of Wales Island, comprising the Thorne 
River and Hatchery Creek watersheds, stretch-
ing approximately 40 miles northwest from the 
vicinity of the town of Thorne Bay to the vicin-
ity of the town of Coffman Cove, generally 
known as the ‘‘Honker Divide’’. 
(3) ARIZONA: NORTH RIM OF THE GRAND CAN-
YON.—Certain land in the Kaibab National Forest 
that is included in the Grand Canyon Game Pre-
serve, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, abut-
ting the northern side of the Grand Canyon in the 
area generally known as the ‘‘North Rim of the 
Grand Canyon’’. 
(4) ARKANSAS.— 
(A) COW CREEK DRAINAGE, ARKANSAS.— 
Certain land in the Ouachita National Forest, 
Mena Ranger District, in Polk County, totaling 
approximately 7,000 acres, known as ‘‘Cow 
Creek Drainage, Arkansas’’, and bounded ap-
proximately— 
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(i) on the north, by County Road 95; 
(ii) on the south, by County Road 
157; 
(iii) on the east, by County Road 48; 
and 
(iv) on the west, by the Arkansas- 
Oklahoma border. 
(B) LEADER
AND
BRUSH
MOUNTAINS.— 
Certain land in the Ouachita National Forest, 
Montgomery County and Polk County, totaling 
approximately 120,000 acres, known as ‘‘Lead-
er Mountain’’ and ‘‘Brush Mountain’’, located 
in the vicinity of the Blaylock Creek Watershed 
between Long Creek and the South Fork of the 
Saline River. 
(C) POLK CREEK AREA.—Certain land in 
the Ouachita National Forest, Mena Ranger 
District, totaling approximately 20,000 acres, 
bounded by Arkansas Highway 4 and Forest 
Roads 73 and 43, known as the ‘‘Polk Creek 
area’’. 
(D) LOWER
BUFFALO
RIVER
WATER-
SHED.—Certain land in the Ozark National 
Forest, Sylamore Ranger District, totaling ap-
proximately 6,000 acres, including Forest Serv-
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ice land that has not been designated as a wil-
derness area before the date of enactment of 
this Act, located in the watershed of Big Creek 
southwest of the Leatherwood Wilderness Area, 
Searcy County and Marion County, and known 
as the ‘‘Lower Buffalo River Watershed’’. 
(E) UPPER
BUFFALO
RIVER
WATER-
SHED.—Certain land in the Ozark National 
Forest, Buffalo Ranger District, totaling ap-
proximately 220,000 acres, comprised of Forest 
Service that has not been designated as a wil-
derness area before the date of enactment of 
this Act, known as the ‘‘Upper Buffalo River 
Watershed’’, located approximately 35 miles 
from the town of Harrison, Madison County, 
Newton County, and Searcy County, upstream 
of the confluence of the Buffalo River and Rich-
land Creek in the watersheds of— 
(i) the Buffalo River; 
(ii) the various streams comprising 
the Headwaters of the Buffalo River; 
(iii) Richland Creek; 
(iv) Little Buffalo Headwaters; 
(v) Edgmon Creek; 
(vi) Big Creek; and 
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(vii) Cane Creek. 
(5) COLORADO: COCHETOPA
HILLS.—Certain 
land in the Gunnison Basin area, known as the 
‘‘Cochetopa Hills’’, administered by the Gunnison 
National Forest, Grand Mesa National Forest, 
Uncompahgre National Forest, and Rio Grand Na-
tional Forest, totaling approximately 500,000 acres, 
spanning the continental divide south and east of 
the city of Gunnison, in Saguache County, and in-
cluding— 
(A) Elk Mountain and West Elk Mountain; 
(B) the Grand Mesa; 
(C) the Uncompahgre Plateau; 
(D) the northern San Juan Mountains; 
(E) the La Garitas Mountains; and 
(F) the Cochetopa Hills. 
(6) GEORGIA.— 
(A) ARMUCHEE
CLUSTER.—Certain land 
in 
the 
Chattahoochee 
National 
Forest, 
Armuchee Ranger District, known as the 
‘‘Armuchee Cluster’’, totaling approximately 
19,700 acres, comprised of 3 parcels known as 
‘‘Rocky Face’’, ‘‘Johns Mountain’’, and ‘‘Hid-
den Creek’’, located approximately 10 miles 
southwest of Dalton and 14 miles north of 
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Rome, in Whitfield County, Walker County, 
Chattooga County, Floyd County, and Gordon 
County. 
(B) BLUE
RIDGE
CORRIDOR
CLUSTER, 
GEORGIA
AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat-
tahoochee National Forest, Chestatee Ranger 
District, totaling approximately 15,000 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Blue Ridge Corridor Cluster, 
Georgia Areas’’, comprised of 5 parcels known 
as 
‘‘Horse 
Gap’’, 
‘‘Hogback 
Mountain’’, 
‘‘Blackwell Creek’’, ‘‘Little Cedar Mountain’’, 
and ‘‘Black Mountain’’, located approximately 
15 to 20 miles north of the town of Dahlonega, 
in Union County and Lumpkin County. 
(C) CHATTOOGA
WATERSHED
CLUSTER, 
GEORGIA
AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat-
tahoochee National Forest, Tallulah Ranger 
District, totaling 63,500 acres, known as the 
‘‘Chattooga Watershed Cluster, Georgia Areas’’, 
comprised of 7 areas known as ‘‘Rabun Bald’’, 
‘‘Three Forks’’, ‘‘Ellicott Rock Extension’’, 
‘‘Rock Gorge’’, ‘‘Big Shoals’’, ‘‘Thrift’s Ferry’’, 
and ‘‘Five Falls’’, in Rabun County, near the 
towns of Clayton, Georgia, and Dillard, South 
Carolina. 
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(D) COHUTTA CLUSTER.—Certain land in 
the Chattahoochee National Forest, Cohutta 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 28,000 
acres, known as the ‘‘Cohutta Cluster’’, com-
prised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Cohutta Exten-
sions’’, ‘‘Grassy Mountain’’, ‘‘Emery Creek’’, 
and ‘‘Mountaintown’’, near the towns of 
Chatsworth and Ellijay, in Murray County, 
Fannin County, and Gilmer County. 
(E) DUNCAN
RIDGE
CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
Brasstown and Toccoa Ranger Districts, total-
ing approximately 17,000 acres, known as the 
‘‘Duncan Ridge Cluster’’, comprised of the par-
cels known as ‘‘Licklog Mountain’’, ‘‘Duncan 
Ridge’’, ‘‘Board Camp’’, and ‘‘Cooper Creek 
Scenic Area Extension’’, approximately 10 to 
15 miles south of the town of Blairsville, in 
Union County and Fannin County. 
(F) ED JENKINS NATIONAL RECREATION 
AREA
CLUSTER.—Certain land in the Chat-
tahoochee 
National 
Forest, 
Toccoa 
and 
Chestatee Ranger Districts, totaling approxi-
mately 19,300 acres, known as the ‘‘Ed Jenkins 
National Recreation Area Cluster’’, comprised 
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of the Springer Mountain, Mill Creek, and 
Toonowee parcels, 30 miles north of the town 
of Dahlonega, in Fannin County, Dawson 
County, and Lumpkin County. 
(G) GAINESVILLE RIDGES CLUSTER.—Cer-
tain land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
Chattooga Ranger District, totaling approxi-
mately 14,200 acres, known as the ‘‘Gainesville 
Ridges Cluster’’, comprised of 3 parcels known 
as ‘‘Panther Creek’’, ‘‘Tugaloo Uplands’’, and 
‘‘Middle Fork Broad River’’, approximately 10 
miles from the town of Toccoa, in Habersham 
County and Stephens County. 
(H) NORTHERN
BLUE
RIDGE
CLUSTER, 
GEORGIA
AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat-
tahoochee National Forest, Brasstown and 
Tallulah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi-
mately 46,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Northern 
Blue Ridge Cluster, Georgia Areas’’, comprised 
of 8 areas known as ‘‘Andrews Cove’’, ‘‘Anna 
Ruby Falls Scenic Area Extension’’, ‘‘High 
Shoals’’, ‘‘Tray Mountain Extension’’, ‘‘Kelly 
Ridge-Moccasin 
Creek’’, 
‘‘Buzzard 
Knob’’, 
‘‘Southern Nantahala Extension’’, and ‘‘Patter-
son Gap’’, approximately 5 to 15 miles north of 
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Helen, 5 to 15 miles southeast of Hiawassee, 
north of Clayton, and west of Dillard, in White 
County, Towns County, and Rabun County. 
(I) RICH
MOUNTAIN
CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Chattahoochee National Forest, 
Toccoa Ranger District, totaling approximately 
9,500 acres, known as the ‘‘Rich Mountain 
Cluster’’, comprised of the parcels known as 
‘‘Rich Mountain Extension’’ and ‘‘Rocky Moun-
tain’’, located 10 to 15 miles northeast of the 
town of Ellijay, in Gilmer County and Fannin 
County. 
(J) WILDERNESS HEARTLANDS CLUSTER, 
GEORGIA
AREAS.—Certain land in the Chat-
tahoochee 
National 
Forest, 
Chestatee, 
Brasstown and Chattooga Ranger Districts, to-
taling approximately 16,500 acres, known as 
the ‘‘Wilderness Heartlands Cluster, Georgia 
Areas’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as the 
‘‘Blood Mountain Extensions’’, ‘‘Raven Cliffs 
Extensions’’, ‘‘Mark Trail Extensions’’, and 
‘‘Brasstown Extensions’’, near the towns of 
Dahlonega, Cleveland, Helen, and Blairsville, in 
Lumpkin County, Union County, White County, 
and Towns County. 
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(B) OPPORTUNITY AREA 6.—Certain land 
in the Shawnee National Forest, totaling ap-
proximately 50,000 acres, located in northern 
Pope County surrounding Bell Smith Springs 
Natural Area, in the area generally known as 
‘‘Opportunity Area 6’’. 
(C) QUARREL CREEK.—Certain land in the 
Shawnee National Forest, totaling approxi-
mately 490 acres, located in northern Pope 
County in the Quarrel Creek watershed, in the 
area generally known as ‘‘Quarrel Creek’’. 
(9) MICHIGAN: TRAP HILLS.—Certain land in 
the Ottawa National Forest, Bergland Ranger Dis-
trict, totaling approximately 37,120 acres, known as 
the ‘‘Trap Hills’’, located approximately 5 miles 
from the town of Bergland, in Ontonagon County. 
(10) MINNESOTA.— 
(A) TROUT LAKE AND SUOMI HILLS.—Cer-
tain land in the Chippewa National Forest, to-
taling approximately 12,000 acres, known as 
‘‘Trout Lake/Suomi Hills’’ in Itasca County. 
(B) LULLABY
WHITE
PINE
RESERVE.— 
Certain land in the Superior National Forest, 
Gunflint Ranger District, totaling approxi-
mately 2,518 acres, in the South Brule Oppor-
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tunity Area, northwest of Grand Marais in 
Cook County, known as the ‘‘Lullaby White 
Pine Reserve’’. 
(11) MISSOURI: ELEVEN
POINT-BIG
SPRINGS 
AREA.—Certain land in the Mark Twain National 
Forest, Eleven Point Ranger District, totaling ap-
proximately 200,000 acres, comprised of the admin-
istrative area of the Eleven Point Ranger District, 
known as the ‘‘Eleven Point-Big Springs Area’’. 
(12) MONTANA: MOUNT
BUSHNELL.—Certain 
land in the Lolo National Forest, totaling approxi-
mately 41,000 acres, located approximately 5 miles 
southwest of the town of Thompson Falls in the 
area generally known as ‘‘Mount Bushnell’’. 
(13) NEW MEXICO.— 
(A) ANGOSTURA.—Certain land in the 
eastern half of the Carson National Forest, Ca-
mino Real Ranger District, totaling approxi-
mately 10,000 acres, located in Township 21, 
Ranges 12 and 13, known as ‘‘Angostura’’, and 
bounded— 
(i) on the northeast, by Highway 518; 
(ii) on the southeast, by the Angos-
tura Creek watershed boundary; 
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(iii) on the southern side, by Trail 19 
and the Pecos Wilderness; and 
(iv) on the west, by the Agua Piedra 
Creek watershed. 
(B) LA MANGA.—Certain land in the west-
ern half of the Carson National Forest, El Rito 
Ranger District, at the Vallecitos Sustained 
Yield Unit, totaling approximately 5,400 acres, 
known as ‘‘La Manga’’, in Township 27, Range 
6, and bounded— 
(i) on the north, by the Tierra 
Amarilla Land Grant; 
(ii) 
on 
the 
south, 
by 
Canada 
Escondida; 
(iii) on the west, by the Sustained 
Yield Unit boundary and the Tierra 
Amarilla Land Grant; and 
(iv) on the east, by the Rio Vallecitos. 
(C) ELK MOUNTAIN.—Certain land in the 
Santa Fe National Forest, totaling approxi-
mately 7,220 acres, known as ‘‘Elk Mountain’’ 
located in Townships 17 and 18 and Ranges 12 
and 13, and bounded— 
(i) on the north, by the Pecos Wilder-
ness; 
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(ii) on the east, by the Cow Creek 
Watershed; 
(iii) on the west, by the Cow Creek; 
and 
(iv) on the south, by Rito de la Osha. 
(D) JEMEZ HIGHLANDS.—Certain land in 
the Jemez Ranger District of the Santa Fe Na-
tional Forest, totaling approximately 54,400 
acres, known as the ‘‘Jemez Highlands’’, lo-
cated primarily in Sandoval County. 
(14) NORTH CAROLINA.— 
(A) 
CENTRAL
NANTAHALA
CLUSTER, 
NORTH CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the 
Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee, Cheoah, 
and Wayah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi-
mately 107,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Central 
Nantahala Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, 
comprised of 9 parcels known as ‘‘Tusquitee 
Bald’’, ‘‘Shooting Creek Bald’’, ‘‘Cheoah Bald’’, 
‘‘Piercy Bald’’, ‘‘Wesser Bald’’, ‘‘Tellico Bald’’, 
‘‘Split White Oak’’, ‘‘Siler Bald’’, and ‘‘South-
ern Nantahala Extensions’’, near the towns of 
Murphy, Franklin, Bryson City, Andrews, and 
Beechertown, in Cherokee County, Macon 
County, Clay County, and Swain County. 
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(B) CHATTOOGA
WATERSHED
CLUSTER, 
NORTH CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the 
Nantahala National Forest, Highlands Ranger 
District, totaling approximately 8,000 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Chattooga Watershed Cluster, 
North Carolina Areas’’, comprised of the Over-
flow (Blue Valley) and Terrapin Mountain par-
cels, 5 miles from the town of Highlands, in 
Macon County and Jackson County. 
(C) TENNESSEE BORDER CLUSTER, NORTH 
CAROLINA
AREAS.—Certain 
land 
in 
the 
Nantahala National Forest, Tusquitee and 
Cheoah Ranger Districts, totaling approxi-
mately 28,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Tennessee 
Border Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, com-
prised of the 4 parcels known as the ‘‘Unicoi 
Mountains’’, ‘‘Deaden Tree’’, ‘‘Snowbird’’, and 
‘‘Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Extension’’, near the 
towns of Murphy and Robbinsville, in Cherokee 
County and Graham County. 
(D) BALD MOUNTAINS.—Certain land in 
the Pisgah National Forest, French Broad 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 13,000 
acres known as the ‘‘Bald Mountains’’, located 
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12 miles northeast of the town of Hot Springs, 
in Madison County. 
(E) BIG IVY TRACT.—Certain land in the 
Pisgah National Forest, totaling approximately 
14,000 acres, located approximately 15 miles 
west of Mount Mitchell in the area generally 
known as the ‘‘Big Ivy Tract’’. 
(F) BLACK MOUNTAINS CLUSTER, NORTH 
CAROLINA AREAS.—Certain land in the Pisgah 
National Forest, Toecane and Grandfather 
Ranger Districts, totaling approximately 62,000 
acres, known as the ‘‘Black Mountains Cluster, 
North Carolina Areas’’, comprised of 5 parcels 
known as ‘‘Craggy Mountains’’, ‘‘Black Moun-
tains’’, ‘‘Jarrett Creek’’, ‘‘Mackey Mountain’’, 
and ‘‘Woods Mountain’’, near the towns of 
Burnsville, Montreat and Marion, in Buncombe 
County, Yancey County, and McDowell County. 
(G) LINVILLE CLUSTER.—Certain land in 
the Pisgah National Forest, Grandfather Dis-
trict, totaling approximately 42,000 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Linville Cluster’’, comprised of 
7 parcels known as ‘‘Dobson Knob’’, ‘‘Linville 
Gorge Extension’’, ‘‘Steels Creek’’, ‘‘Sugar 
Knob’’, ‘‘Harper Creek’’, ‘‘Lost Cove’’, and 
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‘‘Upper Wilson Creek’’, near the towns of Mar-
ion, Morgantown, Spruce Pine, Linville, and 
Blowing Rock, in Burke County, McDowell 
County, Avery County, and Caldwell County. 
(H) 
NOLICHUCKY, 
NORTH
CAROLINA 
AREA.—Certain land in the Pisgah National 
Forest, Toecane Ranger District, totaling ap-
proximately 
4,000 
acres, 
known 
as 
the 
‘‘Nolichucky, North Carolina Area’’, located 25 
miles northwest of Burnsville, in Mitchell Coun-
ty and Yancey County. 
(I) PISGAH
CLUSTER, NORTH
CAROLINA 
AREAS.—Certain land in the Pisgah National 
Forest, Pisgah Ranger District, totaling ap-
proximately 52,000 acres, known as the ‘‘Pis-
gah Cluster, North Carolina Areas’’, comprised 
of 5 parcels known as ‘‘Shining Rock and Mid-
dle Prong Extensions’’, ‘‘Daniel Ridge’’, ‘‘Cedar 
Rock Mountain’’, ‘‘South Mills River’’, and 
‘‘Laurel Mountain’’, 5 to 12 miles north of the 
town of Brevard and southwest of the city of 
Asheville, in Haywood County, Transylvania 
County, and Henderson County. 
(J) WILDCAT.—Certain land in the Pisgah 
National Forest, French Broad Ranger Dis-
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trict, totaling approximately 6,500 acres, known 
as ‘‘Wildcat’’, located 20 miles northwest of the 
town of Canton, in Haywood County. 
(15) OHIO.— 
(A) ARCHERS
FORK
COMPLEX.—Certain 
land in the Marietta Unit of the Athens Ranger 
District, in the Wayne National Forest, in 
Washington County, known as ‘‘Archers Fork 
Complex’’, totaling approximately 18,350 acres, 
located northeast of Newport and bounded— 
(i) on the northwest, by State High-
way 26; 
(ii) on the northeast, by State High-
way 260; 
(iii) on the southeast, by the Ohio 
River; and 
(iv) on the southwest, by Bear Run 
and Danas Creek. 
(B) BLUEGRASS RIDGE.—Certain land in 
the Ironton Ranger District on the Wayne Na-
tional Forest, in Lawrence County, known as 
‘‘Bluegrass 
Ridge’’, 
totaling 
approximately 
4,000 acres, located 3 miles east of Etna in 
Township 4 North, Range 17 West, Sections 19 
through 23 and 27 through 30. 
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(C) BUFFALO CREEK.—Certain land in the 
Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne National 
Forest, Lawrence County, Ohio, known as 
‘‘Buffalo Creek’’, totaling approximately 6,500 
acres, located 4 miles northwest of Waterloo in 
Township 5 North, Ranger 17 West, sections 3 
through 10 and 15 through 18. 
(D) LAKE VESUVIUS.—Certain land in the 
Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne National 
Forest, in Lawrence County, totaling approxi-
mately 4,900 acres, generally known as ‘‘Lake 
Vesuvius’’, located to the east of Etna in Town-
ship 2 North, Range 18 West, and bounded— 
(i) on the southwest, by State High-
way 93; and 
(ii) on the northwest, by State High-
way 4. 
(E) MORGAN
SISTERS.—Certain land in 
the Ironton Ranger District of the Wayne Na-
tional Forest, in Lawrence County, known as 
‘‘Morgan Sisters’’, totaling approximately 2,500 
acres, located 1 mile east of Gallia and bounded 
by State Highway 233 in Township 6 North, 
Range 17 West, sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 and 
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Township 5 North, Range 16 West, sections 18 
and 19. 
(F) UTAH
RIDGE.—Certain land in the 
Athens Ranger District of the Wayne National 
Forest, in Athens County, known as ‘‘Utah 
Ridge’’, totaling approximately 9,000 acres, lo-
cated 1 mile northwest of Chauncey and bound-
ed— 
(i) on the southeast, by State High-
way 682 and State Highway 13; 
(ii) on the southwest, by US Highway 
33 and State Highway 216; and 
(iii) on the north, by State Highway 
665. 
(G) WILDCAT HOLLOW.—Certain land in 
the Athens Ranger District of the Wayne Na-
tional Forest, in Perry County and Morgan 
County, known as ‘‘Wildcat Hollow’’, totaling 
approximately 4,500 acres, located 1 mile east 
of Corning in Township 12 North, Range 14 
West, sections 1, 2, 11–14, 23 and 24 and 
Township 8 North, Range 13 West, sections 7, 
18, and 19. 
(16) OKLAHOMA: COW CREEK DRAINAGE, OKLA-
HOMA.—Certain land in the Ouachita National For-
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est, Mena Ranger District, in Le Flore County, to-
taling approximately 3,000 acres, known as ‘‘Cow 
Creek Drainage, Oklahoma’’, and bounded approxi-
mately— 
(A) on the west, by the Beech Creek Na-
tional Scenic Area; 
(B) on the north, by State Highway 63; 
(C) on the east, by the Arkansas-Okla-
homa border; and 
(D) on the south, by County Road 9038 on 
the south. 
(17) OREGON: APPLEGATE WILDERNESS.—Cer-
tain land in the Siskiyou National Forest and Rogue 
River 
National 
Forest, 
totaling 
approximately 
20,000 acres, approximately 20 miles southwest of 
the town of Grants Pass and 10 miles south of the 
town of Williams, in the area generally known as the 
‘‘Applegate Wilderness’’. 
(18) PENNSYLVANIA.— 
(A) THE BEAR CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 
Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Marienville Ranger District, Elk County, total-
ing approximately 7,800 acres, and comprised 
of Allegheny National Forest land bounded— 
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(i) on the west, by Forest Service 
Road 136; 
(ii) on the north, by Forest Service 
Roads 339 and 237; 
(iii) on the east, by Forest Service 
Road 143; and 
(iv) on the south, by Forest Service 
Road 135. 
(B) THE BOGUS ROCKS SPECIAL AREA.— 
Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Marienville Ranger District, Forest County, to-
taling approximately 1,015 acres, and com-
prised of Allegheny National Forest land in 
compartment 714 bounded— 
(i) on the northeast and east, by State 
Route 948; 
(ii) on the south, by State Route 66; 
(iii) 0n the southwest and west, by 
Township Road 370; 
(iv) on the northwest, by Forest Serv-
ice Road 632; and 
(v) on the north, by a pipeline. 
(C) THE CHAPPEL FORK SPECIAL AREA.— 
Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Bradford Ranger District, McKean County, to-
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taling approximately 10,000 acres, and com-
prised of Allegheny National Forest land 
bounded— 
(i) on the south and southeast, by 
State Road 321; 
(ii) on the south, by Chappel Bay; 
(iii) on the west, by the Allegheny 
Reservoir; 
(iv) on the north, by State Route 59; 
and 
(v) on the east, by private land. 
(D) THE FOOLS CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 
Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Bradford Ranger District, Warren County, to-
taling approximately 1,500 acres, and com-
prised of Allegheny National Forest land south 
and west of Forest Service Road 255 and west 
of FR 255A, bounded— 
(i) on the west, by Minister Road; and 
(ii) on the south, by private land. 
(E) 
THE
HICKORY
CREEK
SPECIAL 
AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 
Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 
County, totaling approximately 2,000 acres, and 
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comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
bounded— 
(i) on the east and northeast, by 
Heart’s Content Road; 
(ii) on the south, by Hickory Creek 
Wilderness Area; 
(iii) on the northwest, by private land; 
and 
(iv) on the north, by Allegheny Front 
National Recreation Area. 
(F) THE
LAMENTATION
RUN
SPECIAL 
AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 
Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Forest 
County, totaling approximately 4,500 acres, 
and— 
(i) comprised of Allegheny National 
Forest land bounded— 
(I) on the north, by Tionesta 
Creek; 
(II) on the east, by Salmon 
Creek; 
(III) on the southeast and south-
west, by private land; and 
(IV) on the south, by Forest 
Service Road 210; and 
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(ii) including the lower reaches of 
Bear Creek. 
(G) THE LEWIS RUN SPECIAL AREA.—Cer-
tain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Bradford Ranger District, McKean County, to-
taling approximately 500 acres, and comprised 
of Allegheny National Forest land north and 
east of Forest Service Road 312.3, including 
land known as the ‘‘Lewis Run Natural Area’’ 
and consisting of land within Compartment 
466, Stands 1–3, 5–8, 10–14, and 18–27. 
(H) THE MILL CREEK SPECIAL AREA.— 
Certain land in the Allegheny National Forest, 
Marienville Ranger District, Elk County, total-
ing approximately 2,000 acres, and comprised 
of Allegheny National Forest land within a 1- 
mile radius of the confluence of Red Mill Run 
and Big Mill Creek and known as the ‘‘Mill 
Creek Natural Area’’. 
(I) THE
MILLSTONE
CREEK
SPECIAL 
AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 
Forest, Marienville Ranger District, Forest 
County, totaling approximately 30,000 acres, 
and comprised of Allegheny National Forest 
land bounded— 
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(i) on the north, by State Route 66; 
(ii) on the northeast, by Forest Serv-
ice Road 226; 
(iii) on the east, by Forest Service 
Roads 130, 774, and 228; 
(iv) on the southeast, by State Road 
3002 and Forest Service Road 189; 
(v) on the south, by the Clarion River; 
and 
(vi) on the southwest, west, and 
northwest, by private land. 
(J) 
THE
MINISTER
CREEK
SPECIAL 
AREA.—Certain land in the Allegheny National 
Forest, Bradford Ranger District, Warren 
County, totaling approximately 6,600 acres, and 
comprised of Allegheny National Forest land 
bounded— 
(i) on the north, by a snowmobile 
trail; 
(ii) on the east, by Minister Road; 
(iii) on the south, by State Route 666 
and private land; 
(iv) on the southwest, by Forest Serv-
ice Road 420; and 
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(ii) on the south, by the steep slopes 
north of Forest Road 231; and 
(iii) on the west, by a fork of Rapid 
Creek. 
(B) BREAKNECK AREA.—Certain land in 
the Black Hills National Forest, totaling 6,700 
acres, located along the northeast edge of the 
Black Hills in the vicinity of the Black Hills 
National Cemetery and the Bureau of Land 
Management’s Fort Meade Recreation Area, 
known as the ‘‘Breakneck Area’’, and gen-
erally— 
(i) bounded by Forest Roads 139 and 
169 on the north, west, and south; and 
(ii) demarcated along the eastern and 
western boundaries by the ridge-crests di-
viding the watershed. 
(C) NORBECK PRESERVE.—Certain land in 
the Black Hills National Forest, totaling ap-
proximately 27,766 acres, known as the 
‘‘Norbeck Preserve’’, and encompassed approxi-
mately by a boundary that, starting at the 
southeast corner— 
(i) runs north along FDR 753 and 
United States Highway Alt. 16, then along 
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SD 244 to the junction of Palmer Creek 
Road, which serves generally as a north-
west limit; 
(ii) heads south from the junction of 
Highways 87 and 89; 
(iii) runs southeast along Highway 
87; and 
(iv) runs east back to FDR 753, ex-
cluding a corridor of private land along 
FDR 345. 
(D) PILGER
MOUNTAIN
AREA.—Certain 
land in the Black Hills National Forest, total-
ing approximately 12,600 acres, known as the 
‘‘Pilger Mountain Area’’, located in the Elk 
Mountains on the southwest edge of the Black 
Hills, and roughly bounded— 
(i) on the east and northeast, by For-
est Roads 318 and 319; 
(ii) on the north and northwest, by 
Road 312; and 
(iii) on the southwest, by private land. 
(E) STAGEBARN CANYONS.—Certain land 
in the Black Hills National Forest, known as 
‘‘Stagebarn Canyons’’, totaling approximately 
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7,300 acres, approximately 10 miles west of 
Rapid City, South Dakota. 
(21) TENNESSEE.— 
(A) BALD
MOUNTAINS
CLUSTER, TEN-
NESSEE
AREAS.—Certain 
land 
in 
the 
Nolichucky and Unaka Ranger Districts of the 
Cherokee National Forest, in Cocke County, 
Green County, Washington County, and Unicoi 
County, totaling approximately 46,133 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Bald Mountains Cluster, Ten-
nessee Areas’’, and comprised of 10 parcels 
known as ‘‘Laurel Hollow Mountain’’, ‘‘Devil’s 
Backbone’’, 
‘‘Laurel 
Mountain’’, 
‘‘Walnut 
Mountain’’, ‘‘Wolf Creek’’, ‘‘Meadow Creek 
Mountain’’, ‘‘Brush Creek Mountain’’, ‘‘Paint 
Creek’’, ‘‘Bald Mountain’’, and ‘‘Sampson 
Mountain Extension’’, located near the towns of 
Newport, Hot Springs, Greeneville, and Erwin. 
(B) BIG
FROG/COHUTTA
CLUSTER.—Cer-
tain land in the Cherokee National Forest, in 
Polk County, Ocoee Ranger District, Hiwassee 
Ranger District, and Tennessee Ranger Dis-
trict, totaling approximately 28,800 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Big Frog/Cohutta Cluster’’, 
comprised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Big Frog Ex-
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tensions’’, ‘‘Little Frog Extensions’’, ‘‘Smith 
Mountain’’, and ‘‘Rock Creek’’, located near the 
towns of Copperhill, Ducktown, Turtletown, and 
Benton. 
(C) CITICO CREEK WATERSHED CLUSTER 
TENNESSEE
AREAS.—Certain 
land 
in 
the 
Tellico Ranger District of the Cherokee Na-
tional Forest, in Monroe County, totaling ap-
proximately 14,256 acres, known as the ‘‘Citico 
Creek Watershed Cluster, Tennessee Areas’’, 
comprised of 4 parcels known as ‘‘Flats Moun-
tain’’, ‘‘Miller Ridge’’, ‘‘Cowcamp Ridge’’, and 
‘‘Joyce Kilmer-Slickrock Extension’’, near the 
town of Tellico Plains. 
(D) IRON MOUNTAINS CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Cherokee National Forest, Watauga 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 58,090 
acres, known as the ‘‘Iron Mountains Cluster’’, 
comprised of 8 parcels known as ‘‘Big Laurel 
Branch Addition’’, ‘‘Hickory Flat Branch’’, 
‘‘Flint Mill’’, ‘‘Lower Iron Mountain’’, ‘‘Upper 
Iron Mountain’’, ‘‘London Bridge’’, ‘‘Beaver-
dam Creek’’, and ‘‘Rodgers Ridge’’, located 
near the towns of Bristol and Elizabethton, in 
Sullivan County and Johnson County. 
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(E) NORTHERN UNICOI MOUNTAINS CLUS-
TER.—Certain land in the Tellico Ranger Dis-
trict of the Cherokee National Forest, in Mon-
roe County, totaling approximately 30,453 
acres, known as the ‘‘Northern Unicoi Moun-
tain Cluster’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as 
‘‘Bald River Gorge Extension’’, ‘‘Upper Bald 
River’’, 
‘‘Sycamore 
Creek’’, 
and 
‘‘Brushy 
Ridge’’, near the town of Tellico Plains. 
(F) ROAN MOUNTAIN CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Cherokee National Forest, Unaka 
and Watauga Ranger Districts, totaling ap-
proximately 23,725 acres known as the ‘‘Roan 
Mountain Cluster’’, comprised of 7 parcels 
known as ‘‘Strawberry Mountain’’, ‘‘Highlands 
of Roan’’, ‘‘Ripshin Ridge’’, ‘‘Doe River Gorge 
Scenic Area’’, ‘‘White Rocks Mountain’’, ‘‘Slide 
Hollow’’ and ‘‘Watauga Reserve’’, approxi-
mately 8 to 20 miles south of the town of 
Elizabethton, in Unicoi County, Carter County, 
and Johnson County. 
(G) SOUTHERN UNICOI MOUNTAINS CLUS-
TER.—Certain land in the Hiwassee Ranger 
District of the Cherokee National Forest, in 
Polk County, Monroe County, and McMinn 
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County, totaling approximately 11,251 acres, 
known as the ‘‘Southern Unicoi Mountains 
Cluster’’, comprised of 3 parcels known as ‘‘Gee 
Creek Extension’’, ‘‘Coker Creek’’, and ‘‘Buck 
Bald’’, near the towns of Etowah, Benton, and 
Turtletown. 
(H) UNAKA
MOUNTAINS
CLUSTER, TEN-
NESSEE AREAS.—Certain land in the Cherokee 
National Forest, Unaka Ranger District, total-
ing approximately 15,669 acres, known as the 
‘‘Unaka Mountains Cluster, Tennessee Areas’’, 
comprised of 3 parcels known as ‘‘Nolichucky’’, 
‘‘Unaka Mountain Extension’’, and ‘‘Stone 
Mountain’’, approximately 8 miles from Erwin, 
in Unicoi County and Carter County. 
(22) TEXAS: LONGLEAF RIDGE.—Certain land 
in the Angelina National Forest, in Jasper County 
and Angelina County, totaling approximately 30,000 
acres, generally known as ‘‘Longleaf Ridge’’, and 
bounded— 
(A) on the west, by Upland Island Wilder-
ness Area; 
(B) on the south, by the Neches River; and 
(C) on the northeast, by Sam Rayburn 
Reservoir. 
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(23) VERMONT.— 
(A) GLASTENBURY AREA.—Certain land in 
the Green Mountain National Forest, totaling 
approximately 35,000 acres, located 3 miles 
northeast of Bennington, generally known as 
the ‘‘Glastenbury Area’’, and bounded— 
(i) on the north, by Kelly Stand Road; 
(ii) on the east, by Forest Road 71; 
(iii) on the south, by Route 9; and 
(iv) on the west, by Route 7. 
(B) LAMB
BROOK.—Certain land in the 
Green Mountain National Forest, totaling ap-
proximately 5,500 acres, located 3 miles south-
west of Wilmington, generally known as ‘‘Lamb 
Brook’’, and bounded— 
(i) on the west, by Route 8; 
(ii) on the south, by Route 100; 
(iii) on the north, by Route 9; and 
(iv) on the east, by land owned by 
New England Power Company. 
(C) ROBERT
FROST
MOUNTAIN
AREA.— 
Certain land in the Green Mountain National 
Forest, totaling approximately 8,500 acres, 
known as ‘‘Robert Frost Mountain Area’’, lo-
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Creek’’, ‘‘Northeast Lake’’, and ‘‘Sugarbush 
Lake’’, in Bayfield County. 
(D) MEDFORD CLUSTER.—Certain land in 
the 
Chequamegon-Nicolet 
National 
Forest, 
Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, totaling 
approximately 23,000 acres, known as the 
‘‘Medford Cluster’’, comprised of 12 parcels 
known as ‘‘County E Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Silver 
Creek/Mondeaux River Bottoms’’, ‘‘Lost Lake 
Esker’’, ‘‘North and South Fork Yellow Riv-
ers’’, 
‘‘Bear 
Creek’’, 
‘‘Brush 
Creek’’, 
‘‘Chequamegon Waters’’, ‘‘John’s and Joseph 
Creeks’’, ‘‘Hay Creek Pine-Flatwoods’’, ‘‘558 
Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Richter Lake’’, and ‘‘Lower Yel-
low River’’, in Taylor County. 
(E) PARK FALLS CLUSTER.—Certain land 
in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, 
Medford-Park Falls Ranger District, totaling 
approximately 23,000 acres, known as ‘‘Park 
Falls Cluster’’, comprised of 11 parcels known 
as ‘‘Sixteen Lakes’’, ‘‘Chippewa Trail’’, ‘‘Tuck-
er and Amik Lakes’’, ‘‘Lower Rice Creek’’, 
‘‘Doering Tract’’, ‘‘Foulds Creek’’, ‘‘Bootjack 
Conifers’’, ‘‘Pond’’, ‘‘Mud and Riley Lake 
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Peatlands’’, ‘‘Little Willow Drumlin’’, and ‘‘Elk 
River’’, in Price County and Vilas County. 
(F) PENOKEE MOUNTAIN CLUSTER.—Cer-
tain land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National 
Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, totaling 
approximately 
23,000 
acres, 
known 
as 
‘‘Penokee Mountain Cluster’’, comprised of— 
(i) 
the 
Marengo 
River 
and 
Brunsweiler 
River 
semi-primitive 
non-
motorized areas; and 
(ii) parcels known as ‘‘St. Peters 
Dome’’, ‘‘Brunsweiler River Gorge’’, ‘‘Lake 
Three’’, ‘‘Hell Hole Creek’’, and ‘‘North 
Country Trail Hardwoods’’, in Ashland 
County and Bayfield County. 
(G) SOUTHEAST
GREAT
DIVIDE
CLUS-
TER.—Certain land in the Chequamegon- 
Nicolet National Forest, Medford Park Falls 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 25,000 
acres, known as the ‘‘Southeast Great Divide 
Cluster’’, comprised of parcels known as 
‘‘Snoose Lake’’, ‘‘Cub Lake’’, ‘‘Springbrook 
Hardwoods’’, ‘‘Upper Moose River’’, ‘‘East 
Fork Chippewa River’’, ‘‘Upper Torch River’’, 
‘‘Venison Creek’’, ‘‘Upper Brunet River’’, 
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‘‘Bear Lake Slough’’, and ‘‘Noname Lake’’, in 
Ashland County and Sawyer County. 
(H) DIAMOND
ROOF
CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National For-
est, Lakewood-Laona Ranger District, totaling 
approximately 6,000 acres, known as ‘‘Diamond 
Roof Cluster’’, comprised of 4 parcels known as 
‘‘McCaslin Creek’’, ‘‘Ada Lake’’, ‘‘Section 10 
Lake’’, and ‘‘Diamond Roof’’, in Forest County, 
Langlade County, and Oconto County. 
(I) ARGONNE FOREST CLUSTER.—Certain 
land in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National For-
est, Eagle River-Florence Ranger District, to-
taling approximately 12,000 acres, known as 
‘‘Argonne Forest Cluster’’, comprised of parcels 
known as ‘‘Argonne Experimental Forest’’, 
‘‘Scott Creek’’, ‘‘Atkins Lake’’, and ‘‘Island 
Swamp’’, in Forest County. 
(J) BONITA GRADE.—Certain land in the 
Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Lake-
wood-Laona Ranger District, totaling approxi-
mately 1,200 acres, known as ‘‘Bonita Grade’’, 
comprised of parcels known as ‘‘Mountain 
Lakes’’, 
‘‘Temple 
Lake’’, 
‘‘Second 
South 
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Branch’’, ‘‘First South Branch’’, and ‘‘South 
Branch Oconto River’’, in Langlade County. 
(K) FRANKLIN
AND
BUTTERNUT
LAKES 
CLUSTER.—Certain land in the Chequamegon- 
Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 12,000 
acres, known as ‘‘Franklin and Butternut 
Lakes Cluster’’, comprised of 8 parcels known 
as ‘‘Bose Lake Hemlocks’’, ‘‘Luna White 
Deer’’, ‘‘Echo Lake’’, ‘‘Franklin and Butternut 
Lakes’’, ‘‘Wolf Lake’’, ‘‘Upper Ninemile’’, 
‘‘Meadow’’, and ‘‘Bailey Creeks’’, in Forest 
County and Oneida County. 
(L) 
LAUTERMAN
LAKE
AND
KIEPER 
CREEK.—Certain land in the Chequamegon- 
Nicolet National Forest, Eagle River-Florence 
Ranger District, totaling approximately 2,500 
acres, known as ‘‘Lauterman Lake and Kieper 
Creek’’, in Florence County. 
(26) WYOMING: SAND CREEK AREA.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Certain land in the 
Black Hills National Forest, totaling approxi-
mately 8,300 acres known as the ‘‘Sand Creek 
area’’, located in Crook County, in the far 
northwest corner of the Black Hills. 
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(B) BOUNDARY.—Beginning in the north-
west corner and proceeding counterclockwise, 
the boundary for the Sand Creek Area roughly 
follows— 
(i) forest Roads 863, 866, 866.1B; 
(ii) a line linking forest roads 866.1B 
and 802.1B; 
(iii) forest road 802.1B; 
(iv) forest road 802.1; 
(v) an unnamed road; 
(vi) Spotted Tail Creek (excluding all 
private land); 
(vii) forest road 829.1; 
(viii) a line connecting forest roads 
829.1 and 864; 
(ix) forest road 852.1; and 
(x) a line connecting forest roads 
852.1 and 863. 
(d) COMMITTEE OF SCIENTISTS.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretaries con-
cerned shall appoint a committee consisting of sci-
entists who— 
(A) are not officers or employees of the 
Federal Government; 
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(B) are not officers or employees of any 
entity engaged in whole or in part in the pro-
duction of wood or wood products; and 
(C) have not contracted with or rep-
resented any entity described in subparagraph 
(A) or (B) in a period beginning 5 years before 
the date on which the scientist is appointed to 
the committee. 
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL SPE-
CIAL AREAS.—Not later than 2 years of the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the committee shall pro-
vide Congress with recommendations for additional 
special areas. 
(3) CANDIDATE
AREAS.—Candidate areas for 
recommendation as additional special areas shall 
have outstanding biological values that are exem-
plary on a local, regional, and national level, includ-
ing the presence of— 
(A) threatened or endangered species of 
plants or animals; 
(B) rare or endangered ecosystems; 
(C) key habitats necessary for the recovery 
of endangered or threatened species; 
(D) recovery or restoration areas of rare or 
underrepresented forest ecosystems; 
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(E) migration corridors; 
(F) areas of outstanding biodiversity; 
(G) old growth forests; 
(H) commercial fisheries; and 
(I) sources of clean water such as key wa-
tersheds. 
(4) GOVERNING
PRINCIPLE.—The committee 
shall adhere to the principles of conservation biology 
in identifying special areas based on biological val-
ues. 
SEC. 204. RESTRICTIONS ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
ANCIENT FORESTS, ROADLESS AREAS, WA-
TERSHED PROTECTION AREAS, AND SPECIAL 
AREAS. 
(a) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
ANCIENT FORESTS.—On Federal land located in Ancient 
forests— 
(1) no roads shall be constructed or recon-
structed; 
(2) no extractive logging shall be permitted; and 
(3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac-
tive logging shall be permitted. 
(b) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
ROADLESS AREAS.—On Federal land located in roadless 
areas (except military installations)— 
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(1) no roads shall be constructed or recon-
structed; 
(2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex-
cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 
case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 
and 
(3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac-
tive logging shall be permitted. 
(c) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
WATERSHED PROTECTION AREAS.—On Federal land lo-
cated in watershed protection areas— 
(1) no roads shall be constructed or recon-
structed; 
(2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex-
cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 
case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 
and 
(3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac-
tive logging shall be permitted. 
(d) RESTRICTION OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
SPECIAL AREAS.—On Federal land located in special 
areas— 
(1) no roads shall be constructed or recon-
structed; 
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(2) no extractive logging shall be permitted ex-
cept of non-native invasive tree species, in which 
case the limitations on logging in title I shall apply; 
and 
(3) no improvements for the purpose of extrac-
tive logging shall be permitted. 
(e) MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING ROADS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the restrictions described in subsection 
(a) shall not prohibit the maintenance of an im-
proved 
road, 
or 
any 
road 
accessing 
private 
inholdings. 
(2) ABANDONED
ROADS.—Any road that the 
Secretary determines to have been abandoned before 
the date of enactment of this Act shall not be main-
tained or reconstructed. 
(f) ENFORCEMENT.— 
(1) FINDING.—Congress finds that all people of 
the United States are injured by actions on land to 
which this section applies. 
(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this subsection 
is to foster the widest possible enforcement of this 
section. 
(3) FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT.—The Secretary 
and the Attorney General of the United States shall 
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enforce this section against any person that violates 
this section. 
(4) CITIZEN SUITS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A citizen harmed by a 
violation of this section may enforce this section 
by bringing a civil action for a declaratory judg-
ment, a temporary restraining order, an injunc-
tion, statutory damages, or other remedy 
against any alleged violator, including the 
United States, in any district court of the 
United States. 
(B) JUDICIAL RELIEF.—If a district court 
of the United States determines that a violation 
of this section has occurred, the district court— 
(i) shall impose a damage award of 
not less than $5,000; 
(ii) may issue one or more injunctions 
or other forms of equitable relief; and 
(iii) shall award to each prevailing 
party the reasonable costs of bringing the 
action, including attorney’s fees, witness 
fees, and other necessary expenses. 
(C) STANDARD OF PROOF.—The standard 
of proof in all actions under this paragraph 
shall be the preponderance of the evidence. 
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(D) TRIAL.—A trial for any action under 
this section shall be de novo. 
(E) PAYMENT OF DAMAGES.— 
(i) 
NON-FEDERAL
VIOLATOR.—A 
damage award under subparagraph (B)(i) 
shall be paid by a non-Federal violator or 
violators designated by the court to the 
Treasury. 
(ii) FEDERAL VIOLATOR.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 
40 days after the date on which judg-
ment is rendered, a damage award 
under subparagraph (B)(i) for which 
the United States is determined to be 
liable shall be paid from the Treasury, 
as provided under section 1304 of title 
31, United States Code, to the person 
or persons designated to receive the 
damage award. 
(II) USE OF DAMAGE AWARD.—A 
damage award described under sub-
clause (I) shall be used by the recipi-
ent to protect or restore native bio-
diversity on Federal land or on land 
adjoining Federal land. 
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(III) COURT COSTS.—Any award 
of costs of litigation and any award of 
attorney fees shall be paid by a Fed-
eral violator not later than 40 days 
after the date on which judgment is 
rendered. 
(5) WAIVER OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The United States (in-
cluding agents and employees of the United 
States) waives its sovereign immunity in all re-
spects in all actions under this section. 
(B) NOTICE.—No notice is required to en-
force this subsection. 
TITLE III—GIANT SEQUOIA 
NATIONAL MONUMENT 
SEC. 301. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) In accordance with section 2 of the Act of 
June 8, 1906 (16 U.S.C. 431), the Giant Sequoia 
National Monument was established by Presidential 
Proclamation number 7295, dated April 15, 2000 
(65 Fed. Reg. 24095). 
(2) The Proclamation provided the following: 
‘‘The rich and varied landscape of the Giant Sequoia 
National Monument holds a diverse array of sci-
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