Syria $50,000,000 or more per month as Syria con-
tinued to sell its own Syrian oil at market prices. 
(28) Syria’s illegal imports and transshipments 
of Iraqi oil earned Saddam Hussein’s regime 
$2,000,000 per day. 
(29) The Government of Syria also utilized the 
railway network linking Mosul, Iraq, to Aleppo, 
Syria, to transfer a wide range of weaponry and 
weapon systems to Saddam Hussein’s regime. 
(30) On March 28, 2003, Secretary of Defense 
Donald Rumsfeld warned: ‘‘[W]e have information 
that shipments of military supplies have been crossing 
the border from Syria into Iraq, including night-vi-
sion goggles . . . These deliveries pose a direct threat 
to the lives of coalition forces. We consider such traf-
ficking as hostile acts, and will hold the Syrian gov-
ernment accountable for such shipments.’’. 
(31) According to Article 23(1) of the United Na-
tions Charter, members of the United Nations are 
elected as nonpermanent members of the United Na-
tions Security Council with ‘‘due regard being spe-
cially paid, in the first instance to the contribution 
of members of the United Nations to the maintenance 
of international peace and security and to other pur-
poses of the Organization’’.
(32) Despite Article 23(1) of the United Nations 
Charter, Syria was elected on October 8, 2001, to a 
2-year term as a nonpermanent member of the United 
Nations Security Council beginning January 1, 2002,
and served as President of the Security Council dur-
ing June 2002 and August 2003. 
(33) On March 31, 2003, the Syrian Foreign 
Minister, Farouq al-Sharra, made the Syrian re-
gime’s intentions clear when he explicitly stated that 
‘‘Syria’s interest is to see the invaders defeated in 
Iraq’’. 
(34) On April 13, 2003, Secretary of Defense 
Donald Rumsfeld charged that ‘‘busloads’’ of Syrian 
fighters entered Iraq with ‘‘hundreds of thousands of 
dollars’’ and leaflets offering rewards for dead Amer-
ican soldiers. 
(35) On September 16, 2003, the Under Sec-
retary of State for Arms Control and International 
Security, John Bolton, appeared before the Sub-
committee on the Middle East and Central Asia of the 
Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives, and underscored Syria’s ‘‘hostile ac-
tions’’ toward coalition forces during Operation Iraqi 
Freedom. Under Secretary Bolton added that: ‘‘Syria 
allowed military equipment to flow into Iraq on the
eve of and during the war. Syria permitted volunteers 
to pass into Iraq to attack and kill our service mem-
bers during the war, and is still doing so . . . [Syr-
ia’s] behavior during Operation Iraqi Freedom un-
derscores the importance of taking seriously reports 
and information on Syria’s WMD capabilities.’’. 
(36) During his appearance before the Com-
mittee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives on September 25, 2003, Ambassador 
L. Paul Bremer, III, Administrator of the Coalition 
Provisional Authority in Iraq, stated that out of the 
278 third-country nationals who were captured by co-
alition forces in Iraq, the ‘‘single largest group are 
Syrians’’. 
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the Government of Syria should immediately 
and unconditionally halt support for terrorism, per-
manently and openly declare its total renunciation of 
all forms of terrorism, and close all terrorist offices 
and facilities in Syria, including the offices of 
Hamas, Hizballah, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the 
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and the 
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine—Gen-
eral Command;
(2) the Government of Syria should—
(A) immediately and unconditionally stop 
facilitating transit from Syria to Iraq of indi-
viduals, military equipment, and all lethal 
items, except as authorized by the Coalition Pro-
visional Authority or a representative, inter-
nationally recognized Iraqi government; 
(B) cease its support for ‘‘volunteers’’ and 
terrorists who are traveling from and through 
Syria into Iraq to launch attacks; and 
(C) undertake concrete, verifiable steps to 
deter such behavior and control the use of terri-
tory under Syrian control; 
(3) the Government of Syria should immediately 
declare its commitment to completely withdraw its 
armed forces, including military, paramilitary, and 
security forces, from Lebanon, and set a firm time-
table for such withdrawal; 
(4) the Government of Lebanon should deploy the 
Lebanese armed forces to all areas of Lebanon, includ-
ing South Lebanon, in accordance with United Na-
tions Security Council Resolution 520 (September 17, 
1982), in order to assert the sovereignty of the Leba-
nese state over all of its territory, and should evict all 
terrorist and foreign forces from southern Lebanon,
including Hizballah and the Iranian Revolutionary 
Guards; 
(5) the Government of Syria should halt the de-
velopment and deployment of medium- and long-
range surface-to-surface missiles and cease the devel-
opment and production of biological and chemical 
weapons; 
(6) the Governments of Lebanon and Syria 
should enter into serious unconditional bilateral nego-
tiations with the Government of Israel in order to re-
alize a full and permanent peace; 
(7) the United States should continue to provide 
humanitarian and educational assistance to the peo-
ple of Lebanon only through appropriate private, 
nongovernmental 
organizations 
and 
appropriate 
international organizations, until such time as the 
Government of Lebanon asserts sovereignty and con-
trol over all of its territory and borders and achieves 
full political independence, as called for in United 
Nations Security Council Resolution 520; and 
(8) as a violator of several key United Nations 
Security Council resolutions and as a nation that 
pursues policies which undermine international peace 
and security, Syria should not have been permitted to 
join the United Nations Security Council or serve as