(A) identify the effect of global climate 
change on ocean conditions and on hydrological 
conditions in the Snake and Columbia Rivers 
and their salmon and steelhead-bearing tribu-
taries; and 
(B) examine how such global climate 
change effects might affect the Federal recovery 
actions necessary to achieve recovery of natu-
rally spawning, wild salmon and steelhead pop-
ulations to self-sustaining, harvestable levels. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 8 months after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the National Academy of 
Sciences shall submit a final report on the results of the 
scientific analysis conducted under this section to the Sec-
retary of Commerce and the Congress. 
SEC. 4. STUDIES REGARDING REMOVAL OF LOWER SNAKE 
RIVER DAMS. 
(a) STUDY
OF ASSESSMENTS
OF EFFECTS
AND 
COSTS OF DAM REMOVAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study reviewing the var-
ious assessments that have been conducted by Federal 
agencies and others regarding the potential effects and 
costs of partially and fully removing the 4 lower Snake 
River dams. The Comptroller General’s review shall in-
clude a comparison of the scope and methodologies used 
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in, findings of, and recommendations made in those stud-
ies that have addressed any or all of the following: 
(1) The economic effects of dam removal and 
recovered Snake River salmon and steelhead popu-
lations for communities near the dams, for commu-
nities upstream from the dams, and for downstream 
and coastal communities, including downstream and 
coastal communities located within the boundaries of 
Alaska, California, and Canada. This analysis should 
include the impacts on commercial fishing, sport 
fishing, and nonfishing recreation such as boating 
and camping, including employment gains or losses 
that would result from removing the lower Snake 
River dams and replacing their energy, navigation, 
and water supply benefits in the most cost-effective 
manner. 
(2) The effects of dam removal on freight 
transportation, including— 
(A) the feasibility, costs, and sufficiency of 
various alternative transportation configura-
tions utilizing existing or upgraded railroads, 
highways, Columbia River barges, or other 
means; 
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(B) the economic benefits and costs of var-
ious alternatives for replacing the dams’ freight 
transportation benefits; 
(C) the environmental impact of shifting to 
such alternatives; 
(D) the means for mitigating any environ-
mental harm that might be caused by the use 
of such alternatives; and 
(E) any development or expansion of such 
alternatives that would be required to continue 
transporting the same amount of cargo that is 
currently transported on the lower Snake River. 
(3) The effects of dam removal on irrigation, 
including the availability of alternatives to replace ir-
rigation water or to extend irrigation pumps. 
(4) The effects of dam removal on energy pro-
duction, including the regional effects of any 
changes in energy production, identification of alter-
native renewable energy sources or energy efficiency 
measures that could replace any loss in energy pro-
duction, and the benefits and costs of such energy 
alternatives. 
(5) The economic effects of extinction of the 
salmon and steelhead populations in the Snake 
River. 
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(b) REVIEW OF DAM REMOVAL ENGINEERING COST 
DETERMINATIONS
BY
CORPS
OF
ENGINEERS.—The 
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study reviewing and determining the accuracy of the en-
gineering costs associated with dam removal as deter-
mined by the February 2002 Army Corps of Engineers 
Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility 
Report/Environmental Impact Statement. 
(c) REPORTS.—Not later than 12 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit to the Congress final reports on both of the 
studies required under this section. 
SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act, the following definitions apply: 
(1) FEDERAL SALMON RECOVERY ACTIONS.— 
The term ‘‘Federal salmon recovery actions’’ means 
Federal actions required to protect, recover, and re-
store salmon and steelhead in the Columbia and 
Snake River basin that are listed under section 4(c) 
of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
1533(c)). 
(2) LOWER SNAKE RIVER DAMS.—The term ‘‘4 
lower Snake River dams’’ means the following dams 
on the Snake River in Washington: 
(A) The Ice Harbor dam. 
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(B) The Lower Monumental dam. 
(C) The Little Goose dam. 
(D) The Lower Granite dam. 
(3) POPULATIONS.—The term ‘‘populations’’ 
means the 13 evolutionarily significant units of 
salmon and steelhead in the Columbia and Snake 
River Basin that are listed under section 4(c) of the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
1533(c)). 
(4) PARTIAL REMOVAL.—The terms ‘‘partially 
removing’’ and ‘‘partial dam removal’’ mean remov-
ing only the earthen portions of the lower Snake 
River dams and leaving the powerhouse and turbines 
in place. 
Æ 
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