Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Anti-Spoofing Act of 
2016’’. 
SEC. 2. SPOOFING PREVENTION. 
(a) EXPANDING
AND CLARIFYING PROHIBITION
ON 
MISLEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER IDENTIFICATION IN-
FORMATION.— 
(1) 
COMMUNICATIONS
FROM
OUTSIDE
THE 
UNITED STATES.—Section 227(e)(1) of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(1)) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘in connection with any telecommuni-
cations service or IP-enabled voice service’’ and in-
serting ‘‘or any person outside the United States if 
the recipient is within the United States, in connec-
tion with any voice service or text messaging service’’. 
(2) COVERAGE OF TEXT MESSAGES AND VOICE 
SERVICES.—Section 227(e)(8) of the Communications 
Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(8)) is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘tele-
communications service or IP-enabled voice serv-
ice’’ and inserting ‘‘voice service or a text mes-
sage sent using a text messaging service’’; 
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(B) in the first sentence of subparagraph 
(B), by striking ‘‘telecommunications service or 
IP-enabled voice service’’ and inserting ‘‘voice 
service or a text message sent using a text mes-
saging service’’; and 
(C) by striking subparagraph (C) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(C) TEXT MESSAGE.—The term ‘text mes-
sage’— 
‘‘(i) means a message consisting of 
text, images, sounds, or other information 
that is transmitted to or from a device that 
is identified as the receiving or transmit-
ting device by means of a 10-digit telephone 
number or N11 service code; 
‘‘(ii) includes a short message service 
(commonly referred to as ‘SMS’) message 
and a multimedia message service (com-
monly referred to as ‘MMS’) message; and 
‘‘(iii) does not include— 
‘‘(I) a real-time, 2-way voice or 
video communication; or 
‘‘(II) a message sent over an IP- 
enabled messaging service to another 
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user of the same messaging service, ex-
cept a message described in clause (ii). 
‘‘(D) TEXT MESSAGING SERVICE.—The term 
‘text messaging service’ means a service that en-
ables the transmission or receipt of a text mes-
sage, including a service provided as part of or 
in connection with a voice service. 
‘‘(E) VOICE SERVICE.—The term ‘voice serv-
ice’— 
‘‘(i) means any service that is inter-
connected with the public switched telephone 
network and that furnishes voice commu-
nications to an end user using resources 
from the North American Numbering Plan 
or any successor to the North American 
Numbering Plan adopted by the Commis-
sion under section 251(e)(1); and 
‘‘(ii) includes transmissions from a 
telephone facsimile machine, computer, or 
other device to a telephone facsimile ma-
chine.’’. 
(3) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 227(e) of 
the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)) 
is amended in the heading by inserting ‘‘MISLEADING 
OR’’ before ‘‘INACCURATE’’. 
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(4) REGULATIONS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 227(e)(3)(A) of 
the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(e)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘Not later 
than 6 months after the date of enactment of the 
Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009, the Commis-
sion’’ and inserting ‘‘The Commission’’. 
(B) DEADLINE.—The Commission shall pre-
scribe regulations to implement the amendments 
made by this subsection not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(5) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect on the date that is 
6 months after the date on which the Commission pre-
scribes regulations under paragraph (4). 
(b) CONSUMER EDUCATION MATERIALS ON HOW TO 
AVOID SCAMS THAT RELY UPON MISLEADING OR INAC-
CURATE CALLER IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT
OF
MATERIALS.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission, in coordination with the Federal 
Trade Commission, shall develop consumer education 
materials that provide information about— 
(A) ways for consumers to identify scams 
and other fraudulent activity that rely upon the 
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use of misleading or inaccurate caller identifica-
tion information; and 
(B) existing technologies, if any, that a con-
sumer can use to protect against such scams and 
other fraudulent activity. 
(2) CONTENTS.—In developing the consumer 
education materials under paragraph (1), the Com-
mission shall— 
(A) identify existing technologies, if any, 
that can help consumers guard themselves 
against scams and other fraudulent activity that 
rely upon the use of misleading or inaccurate 
caller identification information, including— 
(i) descriptions of how a consumer can 
use the technologies to protect against such 
scams and other fraudulent activity; and 
(ii) details on how consumers can ac-
cess and use the technologies; and 
(B) provide other information that may 
help consumers identify and avoid scams and 
other fraudulent activity that rely upon the use 
of misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
information. 
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(3) UPDATES.—The Commission shall ensure 
that the consumer education materials required under 
paragraph (1) are updated on a regular basis. 
(4) WEBSITE.—The Commission shall include 
the consumer education materials developed under 
paragraph (1) on its website. 
(c) GAO REPORT ON COMBATING THE FRAUDULENT 
PROVISION OF MISLEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER IDEN-
TIFICATION INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study of the actions 
the Commission and the Federal Trade Commission 
have taken to combat the fraudulent provision of mis-
leading or inaccurate caller identification informa-
tion, and the additional measures that could be taken 
to combat such activity. 
(2) REQUIRED CONSIDERATIONS.—In conducting 
the study under paragraph (1), the Comptroller Gen-
eral shall examine— 
(A) trends in the types of scams that rely 
on misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
information; 
(B) previous and current enforcement ac-
tions by the Commission and the Federal Trade 
Commission to combat the practices prohibited 
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Union Calendar No. 630 
114TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 2669 
[Report No. 114–806] 
A BILL 
To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to ex-
pand and clarify the prohibition on provision of 
inaccurate caller identification information, and 
for other purposes. 
NOVEMBER 14, 2016 
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee 
of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and or-
dered to be printed 
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