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Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, New
Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas west
of Interstate 35, Utah, the Virgin Islands, Wash-
ington, and Wyoming.
‘‘SEC. 452. APPLICABILITY.
‘‘(a)(1) Starting January 1, 2008, it shall be unlaw-
ful for the affected EGUs at a facility in a Zone 1 State
to emit a total amount of nitrogen oxides during a year
in excess of the number of nitrogen oxides allowances held
for such facility for that year by the owner or operator
of the facility.
‘‘(2) Only nitrogen oxides allowances under section
453(a) shall be held in order to meet the requirements
of paragraph (1), except as provided under section 465.
‘‘(b)(1) Starting January 1, 2008, it shall be unlaw-
ful for the affected EGUs at a facility in a Zone 2 State
to emit a total amount of nitrogen oxides during a year
in excess of the number of nitrogen oxides allowances held
for such facility for that year by the owner or operator
of the facility.
‘‘(2) Only nitrogen oxides allowances under section
453(b) shall be held in order to meet the requirements
of paragraph (1).
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‘‘SEC. 453. LIMITATIONS ON TOTAL EMISSIONS.
‘‘(a) For affected EGUs in the Zone 1 States for
2008 and each year thereafter, the Administrator shall al-
locate nitrogen oxides allowances under section 454(a),
and conduct auctions of nitrogen oxides allowances under
section 409, in the amounts in Table A.
‘‘TABLE A.—TOTAL NOX ALLOWANCE ALLOCATED OR
AUCTIONED FOR EGU’S IN ZONE 1
Year
NOX allow-
ances
allocated
NOX allow-
ances
auctioned
2008 ................................................................
1,546,380
15,620
2009 ................................................................
1,530,760
31,240
2010 ................................................................
1,515,140
46,860
2011 ................................................................
1,499,520
62,480
2012 ................................................................
1,483,900
78,100
2013 ................................................................
1,468,280
93,720
2014 ................................................................
1,452,660
109,340
2015 ................................................................
1,437,040
124,960
2016 ................................................................
1,421,420
140,580
2017 ................................................................
1,405,800
156,200
2018 ................................................................
1,034,180
127,820
2019 ................................................................
1,022,560
139,440
2020 ................................................................
1,010,940
151,060
2021 ................................................................
999,320
162,680
2022 ................................................................
987,700
174,300
2023 ................................................................
976,080
185,920
2024 ................................................................
964,460
197,540
2025 ................................................................
952,840
209,160
2026 ................................................................
941,220
220,780
2027 ................................................................
929,600
232,400
2028 ................................................................
900,550
261,450
2029 ................................................................
871,500
290,500
2030 ................................................................
842,450
319,550
2031 ................................................................
813,400
348,600
2032 ................................................................
784,350
377,650
2033 ................................................................
755,300
406,700
2034 ................................................................
726,250
435,750
2035 ................................................................
697,200
464,800
2036 ................................................................
668,150
493,850
2037 ................................................................
639,100
522,900
2038 ................................................................
610,050
551,950
2039 ................................................................
581,000
581,000
2040 ................................................................
551,950
610,050
2041 ................................................................
522,900
639,100
2042 ................................................................
493,850
668,150
2043 ................................................................
464,800
697,200
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‘‘TABLE A.—TOTAL NOX ALLOWANCE ALLOCATED OR
AUCTIONED FOR EGU’S IN ZONE 1—Continued
Year
NOX allow-
ances
allocated
NOX allow-
ances
auctioned
2044 ................................................................
435,750
726,250
2045 ................................................................
406,700
755,300
2046 ................................................................
377,650
784,350
2047 ................................................................
348,600
813,400
2048 ................................................................
319,550
842,450
2049 ................................................................
290,500
871,500
2050 ................................................................
261,450
300,550
2051 ................................................................
232,400
929,550
2052 ................................................................
203,350
958,650
2053 ................................................................
174,300
987,700
2054 ................................................................
145,250
1,016,750
2055 ................................................................
116,200
1,045,800
2056 ................................................................
87,150
1,074,850
2057 ................................................................
58,100
1,103,900
2058 ................................................................
29,050
1,132,950
2059 ................................................................
1,162,000
‘‘(b) For affected EGUs in the Zone 2 States for
2008 and each year thereafter, the Administrator shall al-
locate nitrogen oxides allowances under section 454(b),
and conduct auctions of nitrogen oxides allowances under
section 409, in the amounts in Table B.
‘‘TABLE B.—TOTAL NOX ALLOWANCES ALLOCATED FOR
EGU’S IN ZONE 2
Year
NOX allowance
allocated
NOX allowance
auctioned
2008 ................................................................
532,620
5,380
2009 ................................................................
527,240
10,760
2010 ................................................................
521,860
16,140
2011 ................................................................
516,480
21,520
2012 ................................................................
511,100
26,900
2013 ................................................................
505,720
32,280
2014 ................................................................
500,340
37,660
2015 ................................................................
494,960
43,040
2016 ................................................................
489,580
48,420
2017 ................................................................
484,200
53,800
2018 ................................................................
478,820
59,180
2019 ................................................................
473,440
64,560
2020 ................................................................
468,060
69,940
2021 ................................................................
462,680
75,320
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‘‘TABLE B.—TOTAL NOX ALLOWANCES ALLOCATED FOR
EGU’S IN ZONE 2—Continued
Year
NOX allowance
allocated
NOX allowance
auctioned
2022 ................................................................
457,300
80,700
2023 ................................................................
451,920
86,080
2024 ................................................................
446,540
91,460
2025 ................................................................
441,160
96,840
2026 ................................................................
435,780
102,220
2027 ................................................................
430,400
107,600
2028 ................................................................
416,950
121,050
2029 ................................................................
403,500
134,500
2030 ................................................................
390,050
147,950
2031 ................................................................
376,600
161,400
2032 ................................................................
363,150
174,850
2033 ................................................................
349,700
188,300
2034 ................................................................
336,250
201,750
2035 ................................................................
322,800
215,200
2036 ................................................................
309,350
228,650
2037 ................................................................
295,900
242,100
2038 ................................................................
282,450
255,550
2039 ................................................................
269,000
269,000
2040 ................................................................
255,550
282,450
2041 ................................................................
242,100
295,900
2042 ................................................................
228,650
309,350
2043 ................................................................
215,200
322,800
2044 ................................................................
201,750
336,250
2045 ................................................................
188,300
349,700
2046 ................................................................
174,850
363,150
2047 ................................................................
161,400
376,600
2048 ................................................................
147,950
390,050
2049 ................................................................
134,500
403,500
2050 ................................................................
121,050
416,950
2051 ................................................................
107,600
430,400
2052 ................................................................
94,150
443,850
2053 ................................................................
80,700
457,300
2054 ................................................................
67,250
470,750
2055 ................................................................
53,800
484,200
2056 ................................................................
40,350
497,650
2057 ................................................................
26,900
511,100
2058 ................................................................
13,450
524,550
2059 ................................................................
538,000
‘‘SEC. 454. EGU ALLOCATIONS.
‘‘(a) EGU ALLOCATIONS IN THE ZONE 1 STATES.—
‘‘(1) By January 1, 2006, the Administrator
shall promulgate regulations determining the alloca-
tion of nitrogen oxides allowances for each year dur-
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ing 2008 through 2058 for units at a facility in a
Zone 1 State that are affected EGUs as of Decem-
ber 31, 2004. The regulations shall determine the al-
location for such units for each year by multiplying
the allocation amount under section 453(a) by the
ratio of the total amount of baseline heat input of
such units at the facility to the total amount of
baseline heat input of all affected EGUs in the Zone
1 States.
‘‘(2)(A) For each year 2008 through 2058, if
the Administrator has not promulgated the regula-
tions determining allocation under paragraph (a)(1),
but has promulgated the regulations under section
403(b) providing for the transfer of nitrogen oxides
allowances and section 403(c) establishing the Allow-
ance Tracking system for nitrogen oxides allowances,
by July 1 that is eighteen months before January 1
of such year, then:
‘‘(i) The Administrator shall—
‘‘(I) allocate, for such year, to each
unit in the Zone 1 States listed in the Ad-
ministrator’s Emissions Scorecard 2000,
Appendix B, Table B1 an amount of nitro-
gen oxides allowances determined by multi-
plying eighty percent of the allocation
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amount under section 453(a) by the ratio
of such unit’s heat input in the Emissions
Scorecard 2000, Appendix B, Table B1 to
the total of the heat input in the Emis-
sions Scorecard 2000, Appendix B, Table
B1 for all units in the Zone 1 States;
‘‘(II) record in each facility’s account
in the Allowance Tracking System under
section 403(c) for such year the total of
the amounts of nitrogen oxides allowances
for the units at such facility determined
under subclause (I); and
‘‘(III) auction an amount of nitrogen
oxides allowances equal to five percent of
the allocation amount under section 453(a)
and conduct the auction on the first busi-
ness day in October following the respec-
tive promulgation deadline under subpara-
graph (A) and in accordance with section
409.
‘‘(ii) Notwithstanding any other provision
of law to the contrary, the determination of the
amount of nitrogen oxides allowances under
subclause (i)(I) and the recording of nitrogen
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oxides allowances under subclause (i)(II) shall
not be subject to judicial review.
‘‘(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions to the
contrary in section 453, the Administrator shall
not allocate or record fifteen percent of the allo-
cation amount under section 453(a) for such
year.
‘‘(B) For each year 2008 through 2058, if the
Administrator has not promulgated the regulations
determining allocations under paragraph (a)(1), and
has not promulgated the regulations under section
403(b) providing for the transfer of nitrogen oxides
allowances and section 403(c) establishing the Allow-
ance Tracking System for nitrogen oxides allow-
ances, by July 1 that is eighteen months before Jan-
uary 1 of such year, then it shall be unlawful for an
affected EGU in the Zone 1 States to emit nitrogen
oxides during such year in excess of 0.14 lb/mmBtu.
‘‘(b) EGU ALLOCATIONS IN THE ZONE 2 STATES.—
‘‘(1) By January 1, 2006, the Administrator
shall promulgate regulations determining the alloca-
tion of nitrogen oxides allowances for each year dur-
ing 2008 through 2058 for units at a facility in a
Zone 2 State that are affected EGUs as of Decem-
ber 31, 2004. The regulations shall determine the al-
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location for such units for each year by multiplying
the allocation amount under section 453(b) by the
ratio of the total amount of baseline heat input of
such units at the facility to the total amount of
baseline heat input of all affected EGUs in the Zone
2 States.
‘‘(2)(A) For each year 2008 through 2058, if
the Administrator has not promulgated the regula-
tions determining allocations under paragraph
(b)(1), but has promulgated the regulations under
section 403(b) providing for the transfer of nitrogen
oxides allowances and section 403(c) establishing the
Allowance Tracking System for nitrogen oxides al-
lowances, by July 1 that is eighteen months before
January 1 of such years, then:
‘‘(i) The Administrator shall—
‘‘(I) allocate, for such year, to each
unit in the Zone 2 States listed in the Ad-
ministrator’s Emissions Scorecard 2000,
Appendix B, Table B1 an amount of nitro-
gen 
oxides 
allowances 
determined 
by
mutiplying eighty percent of the allocation
amount under section 453(b) by the ratio
of such unit’s heat input in the Emissions
Scorecard 2000, Appendix B, Table B1 to
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the total of the heat input in the Emis-
sions Scorecard 2000, Appendix B, Table
B1 for all units in the Zone 2 States;
‘‘(II) record in each facility’s account
in the Allowance Tracking System under
section 403(c) for such year the total of
the amounts of nitrogen oxides allowances
for the units at such facility determined
under subclause (I); and
‘‘(III) auction an amount of nitrogen
oxides allowances equal to five percent of
the allocation amount under section 453(b)
and conduct the auction on the first busi-
ness day in October following the respec-
tive promulgation deadline under subpara-
graph (A) and in accordance with section
409.
‘‘(ii) Notwithstanding any other provision
of law to the contrary, the determination of the
amount of nitrogen oxides allowances under
subclause (i)(I) and the recording of nitrogen
oxides allowances under subclause (i)(II) shall
not be subject to judicial review.
‘‘(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions to the
contrary in section 453, the Administrator shall
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not allocate or record fifteen percent of the allo-
cation amount under section 453(b) for such
year.
‘‘(B) For each year 2008 through 2058, if the
Administrator has not promulgated the regulations
determining allocations under paragraph (b)(1), and
has not promulgated the regulations under section
403(b) providing for the transfer of nitrogen oxides
allowances and section 403(c) establishing the Allow-
ance Tracking System for nitrogen oxides allow-
ances, by July 1 that is eighteen months before Jan-
uary 1 of such year, then it shall be unlawful for
any affected EGU in the Zone 2 States to emit ni-
trogen oxides during such year in excess of 0.25 lb/
mmBtu.
‘‘Subpart 3—Ozone Season Nox Budget Program
‘‘SEC. 461. DEFINITIONS.
‘‘For purposes of this subpart:
‘‘(1) The term ‘ozone season’ means—
‘‘(A) with regard to Connecticut, Delaware,
the District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachu-
setts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,
and Rhode Island, the period May 1 through
September 30 for each year starting in 2003;
and
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‘‘(B) with regard to all other States, the
period May 30, 2004 through September 30,
2004 and the period May 1 through September
30 for each year thereafter.
‘‘(2) The term ‘State’ means Connecticut, Dela-
ware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana,
Kennedy, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,
and West Virginia and the fine grid portions of Ala-
bama, Georgia, Michigan, and Missouri.
‘‘(3) The term ‘fine grid portions of Alabama,
Georgia, Michigan, and Missouri’ means the areas in
Alabama, Georgia, Michigan, and Missouri subject
to 40 CFR § 51.121 (2001), as it would be amended
in the notice of proposed rulemaking at 67 Federal
Register 8396 (February 22, 2002).
‘‘SEC. 462. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
‘‘The provisions of sections 402 through 406 and sec-
tion 409 shall not apply to this subpart.
‘‘SEC. 463. APPLICABLE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.
‘‘(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the appli-
cable implementation plan for each State shall be con-
sistent with the requirements, including the State’s nitro-
gen oxides budget and compliance supplement pool, in 40
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CFR §§ 51.121 and 51.122 (2001), as it would be amend-
ed in the notice of proposed rulemaking at 67 Federal
Register 8396 (February 22, 2002).
‘‘(b) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary
in 40 CFR § 51.121 (2001), the applicable implementation
plan for each State shall require full implementation of
the required emission control measures starting no later
than the first ozone season.
‘‘SEC. 464. TERMINATION OF FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION
OF NOX TRADING PROGRAM.
‘‘(a) Starting January 1, 2008, the Administrator
shall not administer any nitrogen oxides trading program
in any State’s applicable implementation plan under sec-
tion 463.
‘‘(b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall preclude a State
from administering any nitrogen oxides trading program
in the State’s applicable implementation plan under sec-
tion 463.
‘‘SEC. 465. CARRYFORWARD OF PRE-2008 NITROGEN OXIDES
ALLOWANCES.
‘‘The Administrator shall promulgate regulations as
necessary to assure that the requirement to hold allow-
ances under section 452(a)(1) may be met using nitrogen
oxides allowances allocated for an ozone season before
2008 under a nitrogen oxides trading program that the
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Administrator administers in a State’s applicable imple-
mentation plan under section 463.
‘‘PART D—MERCURY EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
‘‘SEC. 471. DEFINITIONS.
‘‘For purposes of this subpart:
‘‘(1) The term ‘adjusted baseline heat input’
with regard to a unit means the unit’s baseline heat
input multiplied by—
‘‘(A) 1.0, for the portion of the baseline
heat input that is the unit’s average annual
combustion of bituminous during the years on
which the unit’s baseline heat input is based;
‘‘(B) 3.0, for the portion of the baseline
heat input that is the unit’s average annual
combustion of lignite during the years on which
the unit’s baseline heat input is based;
‘‘(C) 1.25, for the portion of the baseline
heat input that is the unit’s average annual
combustion of subbituminous during the years
on which the unit’s baseline heat input is based;
and
‘‘(D) 1.0, for the portion of the baseline
heat input that is not covered by subparagraph
(A), (B), or (C) or for the entire baseline heat
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input if such baseline heat input is not based
on the unit’s heat input in specified years.
‘‘(2) The term ‘affected EGU’ means—
‘‘(A) for a unit serving a generator before
the date of enactment of the Clear Skies Act of
2002, a coal-fired unit in a State serving a gen-
erator with a nameplate capacity of greater
than 25 megawatts that produced or produces
electricity for sale during 2001 or any year
thereafter, except for a cogeneration unit that
produced or produces electricity for sale equal
to less than one-third of the potential electrical
output of the generator that it served or serves
during 2001 and each year thereafter; and
‘‘(B) for a unit commencing service of a
generator on or after the date of enactment of
the Clear Skies Act of 2002, a coal-fired unit
in a State serving a generator that produces
electricity for sale during any year starting with
the year the unit commences service of a gener-
ator, except for a cogeneration unit that pro-
duces electricity for sale equal to less than one-
third of the potential electrical output of the
generator that it serves, during each year start-
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ing with the year the unit commences service of
a generator.
‘‘(C) Notwithstanding paragraphs (A) and
(B), the term ‘affected EGU’ does not include
a solid waste incineration unit subject to section
129 or a unit for the treatment, storage, or dis-
posal of hazardous waste subject to section
3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.
‘‘SEC. 472. APPLICABILITY.
‘‘Starting January 1, 2010, it shall be unlawful for
the affected EGUs at a facility in a State to emit a total
amount of mercury during the year in excess of the num-
ber of mercury allowances held for such facility for that
year by the owner or operator of the facility.
‘‘SEC. 473. LIMITATIONS ON TOTAL EMISSIONS.
‘‘For affected EGUs for 2010 and each year there-
after, the Administrator shall allocate mercury allowances
under section 474, and conduct auctions of mercury allow-
ances under section 409, in the amounts in table A.
‘‘TABLE A.—TOTAL MERCURY ALLOWANCES
ALLOCATED OR AUCTIONED FOR EGU’S
Year
Mercury
allowances
allocated
Mercury
allowances
auctioned
2010 ................................................................
823,680
8,320
2011 ................................................................
815,360
16,640
2012 ................................................................
807,040
24,960
2013 ................................................................
798,720
33,280
2014 ................................................................
790,400
41,600
2015 ................................................................
782,080
49,920
2016 ................................................................
773,760
58,240
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‘‘TABLE A.—TOTAL MERCURY ALLOWANCES
ALLOCATED OR AUCTIONED FOR EGU’S—Continued
Year
Mercury
allowances
allocated
Mercury
allowances
auctioned
2017 ................................................................
765,440
66,560
2018 ................................................................
436,800
43,200
2019 ................................................................
432,000
48,000
2020 ................................................................
427,200
52,800
2021 ................................................................
422,400
57,600
2022 ................................................................
417,600
62,400
2023 ................................................................
412,800
67,200
2024 ................................................................
408,000
72,000
2025 ................................................................
403,200
76,800
2026 ................................................................
398,400
81,600
2027 ................................................................
393,600
86,400
2028 ................................................................
388,800
91,200
2029 ................................................................
384,000
96,000
2030 ................................................................
372,000
108,000
2031 ................................................................
360,000
120,000
2032 ................................................................
348,000
132,000
2033 ................................................................
336,000
144,000
2034 ................................................................
324,000
156,000
2035 ................................................................
312,000
168,000
2036 ................................................................
300,000
180,000
2037 ................................................................
288,000
192,000
2038 ................................................................
276,000
204,000
2039 ................................................................
264,000
216,000
2040 ................................................................
252,000
228,000
2041 ................................................................
240,000
240,000
2042 ................................................................
228,000
252,000
2043 ................................................................
216,000
264,000
2044 ................................................................
204,000
276,000
2045 ................................................................
192,000
288,000
2046 ................................................................
180,000
300,000
2047 ................................................................
168,000
312,000
2048 ................................................................
156,000
324,000
2049 ................................................................
144,000
336,000
2050 ................................................................
132,000
348,000
2051 ................................................................
120,000
360,000
2052 ................................................................
108,000
372,000
2053 ................................................................
96,000
384,000
2054 ................................................................
84,000
396,000
2055 ................................................................
72,000
408,000
2056 ................................................................
60,000
420,000
2057 ................................................................
48,000
432,000
2058 ................................................................
36,000
444,000
2059 ................................................................
24,000
456,000
2060 ................................................................
12,000
468,000
2061 ................................................................
480,000
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‘‘SEC. 474. EGU ALLOCATIONS.
‘‘(a) By January 1, 2007, the Administrator shall
promulgate regulations determining allocations of mercury
allowances for each year during 2010 through 2060 for
units at a facility that are affected EGUs as of December
31, 2004. The regulations shall provide that the Adminis-
trator shall allocate each year for such units an amount
determined by multiplying the allocation amount in section
473 by the ratio of the total amount of the adjusted base-
line heat input of such units at the facility to the total
amount of adjusted baseline heat input of all affected
EGUs.
‘‘(b)(1) For each year 2010 through 2060, if the Ad-
ministrator has not promulgated the regulations deter-
mining allocations under paragraph (a), but has promul-
gated the regulations under section 403(b) providing for
the transfer of mercury allowances and section 403(c) es-
tablishing the Allowance Tracking System for mercury al-
lowances, by July 1 that is eighteen months before Janu-
ary 1 of such year, then:
‘‘(A) The Administrator shall—
‘‘(i) allocate, for such year, to each unit
with coal as its primary or secondary fuel listed
in the Administrator’s Emissions Scorecard
2000, Appendix B, Table B1 an amount of
mercury allowances determined by multiplying
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eighty percent of the allocation amount under
section 473 by the ratio of such unit’s heat
input in the Emissions Scorecard 2000, Appen-
dix B, Table B1 to the total of the heat input
in the Emissions Scorecard 2000, Appendix B,
Table B1 for all units with coal as their pri-
mary or secondary fuel;
‘‘(ii) record in each facility’s account in the
Allowance Tracking System under section
403(c) for such year the total of the amounts
of mercury allowances for the units at such fa-
cility determined under clause (i); and
‘‘(iii) auction an amount of mercury allow-
ances equal to five percent of the allocation
amount under section 473 and conduct the auc-
tion on the first business day in October fol-
lowing the respective promulgation deadline
under paragraph (1) and in accordance with
section 409.
‘‘(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of
law to the contrary, the determination of the amount
of mercury allowances under subparagraph (1)(A)
and the recording of mercury allowances under sub-
paragraph (1)(B) shall not be subject to judicial re-
view.
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‘‘(C) Notwithstanding the provisions to the con-
trary in section 473, the Administrator shall not al-
locate or record fifteen percent of the allocation
amount under section 473 for such year.
‘‘(2) For each year 2010 through 2060, if the Admin-
istrator has not promulgated the regulations determining
allocations under paragraph (a), and has not promulgated
the regulations under section 403(b) providing for the
transfer of mercury allowances and section 403(c) estab-
lishing the Allowance Tracking System for mercury allow-
ances, by July 1 that is eighteen months before January
1 of such year, then it shall be unlawful for any affected
EGU to emit mercury during such year in excess of 30
percent of the mercury content (in ounces per mmBtu)
of the coal and coal-derived fuel combusted by the unit.
‘‘PART 
E—NATIONAL 
EMISSION 
STANDARDS;
RESEARCH; 
ENVIRONMENTAL 
ACCOUNT-
ABILITY; 
MAJOR 
SOURCE 
PRECON-
STRUCTION REVIEW AND BEST AVAILABLE
RETROFIT 
CONTROL 
TECHNOLOGY 
RE-
QUIREMENTS
‘‘SEC. 481. NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR AF-
FECTED UNITS.
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
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‘‘(1) The term ‘commenced,’ with regard to con-
struction, means that an owner or operator has ei-
ther undertaken a continuous program of construc-
tion or has entered into a contractual obligation to
undertake and complete, within a reasonable time, a
continuous program of construction. For boilers and
integrated gasification combined cycle plants, this
term does not include undertaking such a program
or entering into such an obligation more than 36
months prior to the date on which the unit begins
operation. For combustion turbines, this term does
not include undertaking such a program or entering
into such an obligation more than 18 months prior
to the date on which the unit begins operation.
‘‘(2) The term ‘construction’ means fabrication,
erection, or installation of an affected unit.
‘‘(3) The term ‘affected unit’ means any unit
that is subject to emission limitations under subpart
2 of part B, subpart 2 of part C, or part D.
‘‘(4) The term ‘existing affected unit’ means
any affected unit that is not a new affected unit.
‘‘(5) The term ‘new affected unit’ means any
affected unit, the construction or reconstruction of
which is commenced after the date of enactment of
the Clear Skies Act of 2002, except that for the pur-
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pose of any revision of a standard pursuant to sub-
section (e), ‘new affected unit’ means any affected
unit, the construction or reconstruction of which is
commenced after the public of regulations (or, if ear-
lier, proposed regulations) prescribing a standard
under this section that will apply to such unit.
‘‘(6) The term ‘reconstruction’ means the re-
placement of components of a unit to such an extent
that:
‘‘(A) the fixed capital cost of the new com-
ponents exceeds 50 percent of the fixed capital
cost that would be required to construct a com-
parable entirely new unit; and
‘‘(B) it is technologically and economically
feasible to meet the applicable standards set
forth in this section.
‘‘(7) The term ‘simple cycle combustion turbine’
means a stationary combustion turbine that does not
extract heat from the combustion turbine exhaust
gases.
‘‘(b) EMISSION STANDARDS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—No later than twelve
months after the date of enactment of the Clear
Skies Act of 2002, the Administrator shall promul-
gate regulations prescribing the standards in sub-
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sections (c) through (d) for the specified affected
units and establishing requirements to ensure com-
pliance with these standards, including monitoring,
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements.
‘‘(2) MONITORING.—
‘‘(A) The owner or operator of any affected
unit subject to the standards for sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, or mercury under this section
shall meet the requirements of section 405, ex-
cept that, where two or more units utilize a sin-
gle stack, separate monitoring shall be required
for each affected unit for the pollutants for
which the unit is subject to such standards.
‘‘(B) The Administrator shall, by regula-
tion, require—
‘‘(i) the owner or operator of any af-
fected unit subject to the standards for
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or mercury
under this section to—
‘‘(I) install and operate CEMS
for monitoring output, including elec-
tricity and useful thermal energy, on
the affected unit and to quality assure
the data; and
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‘‘(II) comply with recordkeeping
and reporting requirements, including
provisions for reporting output data in
megawatt hours.
‘‘(ii) the owner or operator of any af-
fected unit subject to the standards for
particulate matter under this section to—
‘‘(I) install and operate CEMS
for monitoring particulate matter on
the affected unit and to quality assure
the data;
‘‘(II) comply with recordkeeping
and reporting requirements; and
‘‘(III) comply with alternative
monitoring, quality assurance, record-
keeping, and reporting requirements
for any period of time for which the
Administrator determines that CEMS
with appropriate vendor guarantees
are not commercially available for
particulate matter.
‘‘(3) COMPLIANCE.—For boilers, integrated
gasification combined cycle plants, and combustion
turbines that are gas-fired or coal fired, the Admin-
istrator shall require that the owner or operator
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demonstrate compliance with the standards daily,
using a 30-day rolling average, except that in the
case of mercury, the compliance period shall be the
calendar year. For combustion turbines that are not
gas-fired or coal-fired, the Administrator shall re-
quire that the owner or operator demonstrate com-
pliance with the standards hourly, using a 4-hour
rolling average.
‘‘(c) BOILERS AND INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COM-
BINED CYCLE PLANTS.—
‘‘(1) After the effective date of standards pro-
mulgated under subsection (b), no owner or operator
shall cause any boiler or integrated gasification com-
bined cycle plant that is a new affected unit to dis-
charge into the atmosphere any gases which
contain—
‘‘(A) sulfur dioxide in excess of 2.0 lb/
MWh;
‘‘(B) nitrogen oxides in excess of 1.0 lb/
MWh;
‘‘(C) particulate matter in excess of 0.20
lb/MWh; or
‘‘(D) if the unit is coal-fired, mercury in
excess of 0.015 lb/GWh, unless—
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‘‘(i) mercury emissions from the unit
are reduced by 80 percent;
‘‘(ii) flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) are
applied to the unit and are operated so as
to optimize capture of mercury; or
‘‘(iii) a technology is applied to the
unit and operated so as to optimize cap-
ture of mercury, and the permitting au-
thority determines that the technology is
equivalent in terms of mercury capture to
the application of FGD and SCR.
‘‘(2) Notwithstanding subparagraph (1)(D), in-
tegrated gasification combined cycle plants with a
combined capacity of less than 5 GW are exempt
from the mercury requirement under subparagraph
(1)(D) if they are constructed as part of a dem-
onstration project under the Secretary of Energy
that will include a demonstration of removal of sig-
nificant amounts of mercury as determined by the
Secretary of Energy in conjunction with the Admin-
istrator as part of the solicitation process.
‘‘(3) After the effective date of standards pro-
mulgated under subsection (b), no owner or operator
shall cause any oil-fired boiler that is an existing af-
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fected unit to discharge into the atmosphere any
gases which contain particulate matter in excess of
0.30 lb/MWh.
‘‘(d) COMBUSTION TURBINES.—
‘‘(1) After the effective date of standards pro-
mulgated under subsection (b), no owner or operator
shall cause any gas-fired combustion turbine that is
a new affected unit to discharge into the atmosphere
any gases which contain nitrogen oxides in excess
of—
‘‘(A) 0.56 lb/MWh (15 ppm at 15 percent
oxygen), if the unit is a simple cycle combustion
turbine;
‘‘(B) 0.084 lb/MWh (3.5 ppm at 15 per-
cent oxygen), if the unit is not a simple cycle
combustion turbine and either uses add-on con-
trols or is located within 50 km of a class I
area;
‘‘(C) 0.21 lb/MWh (9 ppm at 15 percent
oxygen), if the unit is not a simple cycle turbine
and neither uses add-on controls nor is located
within 50 km of a class I area.
‘‘(2) After the effective date of standards pro-
mulgated under subsection (b), no owner or operator
shall cause any coal-fired combustion turbine that is
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a new affected unit to discharge into the atmosphere
any gases which contain sulfur dioxide, nitrogen ox-
ides, particulate matter, or mercury in excess of the
emission limits under subparagraphs (c)(1) (A)
through (D).
‘‘(3) After the effective date of standards pro-
mulgated under subsection (b), no owner or operator
shall cause any combustion turbine that is not gas-
fired or coal-fired and that is a new affected unit to
discharge into the atmosphere any gases which
contain—
‘‘(A) sulfur dioxide in excess of 2.0lb/
MWh;
‘‘(B) nitrogen oxides in excess of—
‘‘(i) 0.289 lb/MWh (12 ppm at 15
percent oxygen), if the unit is not a simple
cycle combustion turbine, is dual-fuel capa-
ble, and uses add-on controls; or is not a
simple cycle combustion turbine and is lo-
cated within 50 km of a class I area;
‘‘(ii) 1.01 lb/MWh (42 ppm at 15 per-
cent oxygen), if the unit is a simple cycle
combustion turbine; is not a simple cycle
combustion turbine and is not dual-fuel ca-
pable; or is not a simple cycle combustion
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turbine, is dual-fuel capable, and does not
use add-on controls.
‘‘(C) particulate matter in excess of 0.20
lb/MWh.
‘‘(e) PERIODIC REVIEW AND REVISION.—
‘‘(1) The Administrator shall, at least every 8
years following the promulgation of standards under
subsection (b), review and, if appropriate, revise
such standards to reflect the degree of emission limi-
tation achievable through the application of the best
system of emission reduction which (taking into ac-
count the cost of achieving such reduction and any
nonair quality health and environmental impacts and
energy requirements) the Administrator determines
has been adequately demonstrated. When implemen-
tation and enforcement of any requirement of this
Act indicate that emission limitations and percent
reductions beyond those required by the standards
promulgated under this section are achieved in prac-
tice, the Administrator shall, when revising stand-
ards promulgated under this section, consider the
emission limitations and percent reductions achieved
in practice.
‘‘(2) Notwithstanding the requirements of para-
graph (1) the Administrator need not review any
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standard promulgated under subsection (b) if the
Administrator determines that such review is not ap-
propriate in light of readily available information on
the efficacy of such standard.
‘‘(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Standard promulgated pur-
suant to this section shall become effective upon promul-
gation.
‘‘(g) DELEGATION.—
‘‘(1) Each State may develop and submit to the
Administration a procedure for implementing and
enforcing standards promulgated under this section
for affected units located in such State. If the Ad-
ministrator finds the State procedure is adequate,
the Administrator shall delegate to such State any
authority the Administrator has under this Act to
implement and enforce such standards.
‘‘(2) Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit
the Administrator from enforcing any applicable
standard under this section.
‘‘(h) VIOLATIONS.—After the effective date of stand-
ards promulgated under this section, it shall be unlawful
for any owner or operator of any affected unit to operate
such unit in violation of any standard applicable to such
unit.
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‘‘(i) COORDINATION WITH OTHER AUTHORITIES.—
For purposes of sections 111(e), 113, 114, 116, 120, 303,
304,307 and other provisions for the enforcement of this
Act, each standard established pursuant to this section
shall be treated in the same manner as a standard of per-
formance under section 111, and each affected unit sub-
ject to standards under this section shall be treated in the
same manner as a stationary source under section 111.
‘‘(j) STATE AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this section
shall preclude or deny the right of any State or political
subdivision thereof to adopt or enforce any regulations, re-
quirement, limitation, or standard relating to affected
units that is more stringent than a regulation, require-
ment, limitation or standard in effect under this section
or under any other provision of this Act.
‘‘(k) OTHER AUTHORITY UNDER THIS ACT.—Noth-
ing in this section shall diminish the authority of the Ad-
ministrator or a State to establish any other requirements
applicable to affected units under any other authority of
law, including the authority to establish for any air pollut-
ant a national ambient air quality standard, except that
no new affected unit subject to standards under this sec-
tion shall be subject to standards under section 111 of
this Act.
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‘‘SEC. 482. RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, AND
ASSESSMENT.
‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The Administrator, in collabora-
tion with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of
the Interior, shall conduct a comprehensive program of re-
search and environmental monitoring and assessment to
enhance scientific understanding of the human health and
environmental effects of particulate matter and mercury
and to demonstrate the efficacy of emission reductions
under this title. The purposes of such a program are to—
‘‘(1) expand current research and knowledge of
the contribution of emissions from electricity genera-
tion to exposure and health effects associated with
particulate matter and mercury;
‘‘(2) enhance current research and development
of promising multi-pollutant control strategies and
CEMS for mercury;
‘‘(3) produce peer-reviewed scientific and tech-
nology information to inform the review of emissions
levels under section 410;
‘‘(4) improve environmental monitoring and as-
sessment of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and mer-
cury, and their transformation products, to track
changes in human health and the environment at-
tributable to emission reductions under this title;
and
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‘‘(5) periodically provide peer-reviewed reports
on the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of emission
reductions achieved under this title.
‘‘(b) RESEARCH.—The Administrator shall enhance
planned and ongoing laboratory and field research and
modeling analyses, and conduct new research and analyses
to produce peer-reviewed information concerning the
human health and environmental effects of mercury and
particulate matter and the contribution of U.S. electrical
generating units to those effects. Such information shall
be included in the report under subsection (d). In addition,
such research and analyses shall—
‘‘(1) improve understanding of the rates and
processes governing chemical and physical trans-
formations of mercury in the atmosphere, including
speciation of emissions from electricity generation
and the transport of these species;
‘‘(2) improve understanding of the contribution
of mercury emissions from electricity generation to
mercury in fish and other biota, including—
‘‘(A) the response of and contribution to
mercury in the biota owing to atmospheric dep-
osition of mercury from U.S. electricity genera-
tion on both local and regional scales;
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‘‘(B) long-term contributions of mercury
from U.S. electricity generation on mercury ac-
cumulations in ecosystems, and the effects of
mercury reductions in that sector on the envi-
ronment and public health;
‘‘(C) the role and contribution of mercury,
from U.S. electricity generating facilities and
anthropogenic and natural sources to fish con-
tamination and to human exposure, particularly
with respect to sensitive populations;
‘‘(D) the contribution of U.S. electricity
generation to population exposure to mercury in
freshwater fish and seafood and quantification
of linkages between U.S. mercury emissions and
domestic mercury exposure and its health ef-
fects; and
‘‘(E) the contribution of mercury from
U.S. electricity generation in the context of
other domestic and international sources of
mercury, including transport of global anthro-
pogenic and natural background levels;
‘‘(3) improve understanding of the health ef-
fects of fine particulate matter components related
to electricity generation emissions (as distinct from
other fine particle fractions and indoor air expo-
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sures) and the contribution of U.S. electrical gener-
ating units to those effects including—
‘‘(A) the chronic effects of fine particulate
matter from electricity generation in sensitive
population groups; and
‘‘(B) personal exposure to fine particulate
matter from electricity generation; and
‘‘(4) improve understanding, by way of a review
of the literature, of methods for valuing human
health and environmental benefits associated with
fine particulate matter and mercury.
‘‘(c) INNOVATIVE CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES.—The
Administrator shall collaborate with the Secretary of En-
ergy to enhance research and development, and conduct
new research that facilitates research into and develop-
ment of innovative technologies to control sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, mercury, and particulate matter at a
lower cost than existing technologies. Such research and
development shall provide updated information on the cost
and feasibility of technologies. Such information shall be
included in the report under subsection (d). In addition,
the research and development shall—
‘‘(1) upgrade cost and performance models to
include results from ongoing and future electricity
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generation and pollution control demonstrations by
the Administrator and the Secretary of Energy;
‘‘(2) evaluate the overall environmental implica-
tions of the various technologies tested including the
impact on the characteristics of coal combustion res-
idues;
‘‘(3) evaluate the impact of the use of selective
catalytic reduction on mercury emissions from the
combustion of all coal types;
‘‘(4) evaluate the potential of integrated gasifi-
cation combined cycle to adequately control mercury;
‘‘(5) expand current programs by the Adminis-
trator to conduct research and promote, lower cost
CEMS capable of providing real-time measurements
of both speciated and total mercury and integrated
compact CEMS that provide cost-effective real-time
measurements of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and
mercury;
‘‘(6) expand lab- and pilot-scale mercury and
multi-pollutant control programs by the Secretary of
Energy and the Administrator, including develop-
ment of enhanced sorbents and srubbers for use on
all coal types;
‘‘(7) characterize mercury emissions from low-
rank coals, for a range of traditional control tech-
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nologies, like scrubbers and selective catalytic reduc-
tion; and
‘‘(8) improve low cost combustion modifications
and controls for dry-bottom boilers.
‘‘(d) EMISSIONS LEVELS EVALUATION REPORT.—
Not later than January 1, 2008, the Administrator, in
consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall prepare
a peer reviewed report to inform review of the emissions
levels under section 410. The report shall be based on the
best available peer-reviewed scientific and technology in-
formation. It shall address cost, feasibility, human health
and ecological effects, and net benefits associated with
emissions levels under this title.
‘‘(e) ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY.—
‘‘(1) The Administrator shall conduct a pro-
gram of environmental monitoring and assessment
to track on a continuing basis, changes in human
health and the environment attributable to the emis-
sion reductions required under this title. Such a pro-
gram shall—
‘‘(A) develop and employ methods to rou-
tinely monitor, collect, and compile data on the
status and trends of mercury and its trans-
formation products in emissions from affected
facilities, atmospheric deposition, surface water
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quality, and biological systems. Emphasis shall
be placed on those methods that—
‘‘(i) improve the ability to routinely
measure mercury in dry deposition proc-
esses;
‘‘(ii) improve understanding of the
spatial and temporal distribution of mer-
cury deposition in order to determine
source-receptor relationships and patterns
of long-range, regional, and local deposi-
tion;
‘‘(iii) improve understanding of aggre-
gate exposures and additive effects of
methylmercury and other pollutants; and
‘‘(iv) improve understanding of the ef-
fectiveness and cost of mercury emissions
controls;
‘‘(B) modernize and enhance the national
air quality and atmospheric deposition moni-
toring networks in order to cost-effectively ex-
pand and integrate, where appropriate, moni-
toring capabilities for sulfur, nitrogen, and mer-
cury to meet the assessment and reporting re-
quirements of this section;
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‘‘(C) perform and enhance long-term moni-
toring of sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury, and pa-
rameters related to acidification, nutrient en-
richment, and mercury bioaccumulation in
freshwater and marine biota;
‘‘(D) maintain and upgrade models that
describe the interactions of emissions with the
atmosphere and resulting air quality implica-
tions and models that describe the response of
ecosystems to atmospheric deposition; and
‘‘(E) assess indicators of ecosystems health
related to sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury, includ-
ing characterization of the causes and effects of
episodic exposure to air pollutants and evalua-
tion of recovery.
‘‘(2) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Not later
than twenty-four months after the date of enactment
of the Clear Skies Act of 2002, and not later than
every four years thereafter, the Administrator shall
provide a peer reviewed report to the Congress on
the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of emission re-
duction programs under this title. The report shall
address the relative contribution of emission reduc-
tions from U.S. electricity generation under this title
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compared to the emission reductions achieved under
other titles of the Clean Air Act with respect to—
‘‘(A) actual and projected emissions of sul-
fur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury;
‘‘(B) average ambient concentrations of
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides trans-
formation products, related air quality param-
eters, and indicators of reductions in human ex-
posure;
‘‘(C) status and trends in total atmos-
pheric deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, and mer-
cury, including regional estimates of total at-
mospheric deposition;
‘‘(D) status and trends in visibility;
‘‘(E) status of terrestrial and aquatic eco-
systems (including forests and forested water-
sheds, streams, lakes, rivers, estuaries, and
near-coastal waters);
‘‘(F) status of mercury and its trans-
formation products in fish;
‘‘(G) causes and effects of atmospheric
deposition, including changes in surface water
quality, forest and soil conditions;
‘‘(H) occurrence and effects of coastal eu-
trophication and episodic acidification, particu-
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larly with respect to high elevation watersheds;
and
‘‘(I) reduction in atmospheric deposition
rates that should be achieved to prevent or re-
duce adverse ecological effects.
‘‘SEC. 483. EXEMPTION FROM MAJOR SOURCE RECON-
STRUCTION REVIEW REQUIREMENTS AND
BEST AVAILABLE RETROFIT CONTROL TECH-
NOLOGY REQUIREMENTS.
‘‘(a) MAJOR SOURCE EXEMPTION.—An affected unit
may not be considered a major emitting facility or major
stationary source, or a part of a major emitting facility
or major stationary source for purposes of compliance with
the requirements of part C and part D of title I. This
exemption only applies to units that are either subject to
the performance standards of section 481 or meet the fol-
lowing requirements within three years after the date of
enactment of the Clear Skies Act of 2002:
‘‘(1) The owner or operator of the affected unit
properly operates, maintains and repairs pollution
control equipment to limit emissions of particulate
matter, or the owner or operator of the affected unit
is subject to an enforceable permit issued pursuant
to title V or a permit program approved or promul-
gated as part of an applicable implementation plan
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to limit the emissions of particular matter from the
affected unit to 0.03 lb/mmBtu within eight years
after the date of enactment of the Clear Skies Act
of 2002, and
‘‘(2) The owner or operator of the affected unit
uses good combustion practices to minimize emis-
sions of carbon monoxide.
‘‘(b) 
CLASS
I 
AREA
PROTECTIONS.—Notwith-
standing the exemption in subsection (a), an affected unit
located within 50 km of a Class I area on which construc-
tion commences after the date of enactment of the Clear
Skies Act of 2002 is subject to those provisions under part
C of title I pertaining to the review of a new or modified
major stationary source’s impact on a Class I area.
‘‘(c) 
PRECONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS.—Each
State shall include in its plan under section 110, a pro-
gram to provide for the regulation of the construction of
an affected unit that ensures that the following require-
ments are met prior to the commencement of construction
of an affected unit—
‘‘(1) in an area designated as attainment or
unclassifiable under section 107(d), the owner or op-
erator of the affected unit must demonstrate to the
State that the emissions increase from the construc-
tion or operation of such unit will not cause, or con-
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tribute to, air pollution in excess of any national am-
bient air quality standard;
‘‘(2) in an area designated as nonattainment
under section 107(d), the State must determine that
the emissions increase from the construction or oper-
ation of such unit will not interfere with any pro-
gram to assure that the national ambient air quality
standards are achieved;
‘‘(3) for a modified unit, the unit must comply
prior to beginning operation with either the perform-
ance standards of section 481 or best available con-
trol technology as defined in part C of title I for the
pollutants whose hourly emissions will increase at
the unit’s maximum capacity; and
‘‘(4) the State must provide for an opportunity
for interested persons to comment on the Class I
area protections and preconstruction requirements
as set forth in this section.
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
‘‘(1) The term ‘affected unit’ means any unit
that is subject to emission limitations under subpart
2 of part B, subpart 2 of part C, or part D.
‘‘(2) The term ‘construction’ includes the con-
struction of a new affected unit and the modification
of any affected unit.
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‘‘(3) The term ‘modification’ means any phys-
ical change in, or change in the method of operation
of, an affected unit which increases the hourly emis-
sions of any air pollutant at the unit’s maximum ca-
pacity.’’.
SEC. 3. OTHER AMENDMENTS.
(a) Title I of the Clean Air Act is amended by—
(1) removing from section 103 subparagraphs
(j)(3)(E) and (j)(3)(F); and
(2) modifying section 107 by amending—
(A) subparagraph (D)(1)(A) by—
(i) deleting the ‘or’ at the end of
clause (ii);
(ii) replacing the period with ‘, or’ at
the end of clause (iii);
(iii) adding clause (iv) to read as fol-
lows:
‘‘(iv) notwithstanding clauses (i)–(iii),
an area may be designated transitional for
the fine particles national primary ambient
air quality standard or the 8-hour ozone
national primary ambient air quality
standard if the Administrator has per-
formed air quality modeling and, in the
case of an area that needs additional local
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control measures, the State has performed
supplemental air quality modeling, dem-
onstrating that the area will attain that
standard no later than December 31,
2015, and such modeling demonstration
and all necessary local controls have been
approved into the state implementation
plan no later than December 31, 2004.’’;
and
(iv) adding to the flush language at
the end a sentence to read as follows:
‘‘However, for purposes of the fine par-
ticles national primary ambient air quality
standard and the 8-hour ozone national
primary ambient air quality standard, the
time period for the State to submit the
designations shall be extended to no later
than November 30, 2003.’’;
(B) clause (d)(1)(B)(i) by adding at the
end a sentence to read as follows: ‘‘Provided,
however, That the Administrator shall not be
required to designate areas for the revised fine
particles national primary ambient air quality
standard and 8-hour ozone fine particles na-
tional primary ambient air quality standard
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prior to 6-months after the States are required
to submit recommendations under section
107(d)(1)(A), but in no event shall the period
for designating such areas be extended beyond
November 30, 2004.’’;
(3) modifying section 110 by—
(A) amending clause (a)(2)(D)(i) to read
as follows:
‘‘(D) contain adequate provisions—
‘‘(i)(I) except as provided in subclause
(II), prohibiting, consistent with the provi-
sions of this title, any source or other type
of emissions activity within the State from
emitting any air pollutant in amounts
which will—
‘‘(aa) contribute significantly to
nonattainment in, or interfere with
maintenance by, any other State with
respect to any such national primary
or secondary ambient air quality
standard, or
‘‘(bb) interfere with measures re-
quired to be included in the applicable
implementation plan for any other
State under part C to prevent signifi-
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cant deterioration of air quality or to
protect visibility,
‘‘(II) The Administrator, in reviewing,
under subclause (I), any plan with respect
to which emissions from affected units,
within the meaning of section 126(d)(1),
are substantial—
‘‘(aa) shall consider, among other
relevant factors, emissions reductions
required to occur by the attainment
date or dates of any relevant non-at-
tainment areas in the other State or
States; and
‘‘(bb) may not require submission
of plan provisions—
‘‘(i) 
subjecting 
affected
units, within the meaning of sec-
tion 126(d)(1), to requirements
with an effective date prior to
January 1, 2012; or
‘‘(ii) mandating an amount
of emissions reductions based on
the Administrator’s determina-
tion that emissions reductions
are available from such affected
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units, unless the Administrator
determines that emissions from
such units may be reduced at
least as cost-effectively as emis-
sions from each other principal
category of sources of sulfur di-
oxide or nitrogen oxides, includ-
ing industrial boilers, on-road
mobile sources, and off-road mo-
bile sources, and any other cat-
egory of sources that the Admin-
istrator may identify, and that
reductions in such emissions will
improve air quality in the peti-
tioning 
State’s 
nonattainment
area(s) at least as cost-effectively
as reductions in emissions from
each other principal category of
sources of sulfur dioxide or nitro-
gen oxides, to the maximum ex-
tent that a methodology is rea-
sonably available to make such a
determination.
The Administrator shall develop an appro-
priate peer reviewed methodology for mak-
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ing such determinations by December 31,
2006. In making this determination, the
Administrator will use the best available
peer reviewed models and methodology
that consider the proximity of the source
or sources to the petitioning State or polit-
ical subdivision and incorporate other
source characteristics.
‘‘(III) Nothing in subclause (II) shall
be interpreted to require revisions to the
provisions of 40 CFR 51.121 and 51.122
(2001), as would be amended in the notice
of proposed rulemaking at 67 Federal Reg-
ister 8396 (February 22, 2002).’’.
(B) adding a new subsection (q) to read as
follows:
‘‘(q) TRANSITIONAL AREAS.—
‘‘(1) MAINTENANCE.—
‘‘(A) By December 31, 2010, each area
designated as transitional pursuant to section
107(d)(1) shall submit an updated emission in-
ventory and an analysis of whether growth in
emissions, including growth in vehicle miles
traveled, will interfere with attainment by De-
cember 31, 2015.
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‘‘(B) No later than December 31, 2011,
the Administrator shall review each transitional
area’s maintenance analysis, and, if the Admin-
istrator determines that growth in emissions
will interfere with attainment by December 31,
2015, the Administrator will consult with the
State and determine what action, if any, is nec-
essary to assure that attainment will be
achieved by 2015.
‘‘(2) PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORA-
TION.—Each area designated as transitional pursu-
ant to section 107(d)(1) shall be treated as an at-
tainment or unclassifiable area for purposes of the
prevention of significant deterioration provisions of
part C of this subchapter.
‘‘(3) CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO ATTAIN
BY 2015.—No later than June 30, 2016, EPA shall
determine whether each area designated as transi-
tional for the 8-hour ozone standard or for the fine
particles standard has attained that standard. If
EPA determines that a transitional area has not at-
tained the standard, the area shall be redesignated
as nonattainment within 1 year of the determination
and the State shall be required to submit a state im-
plementation plan revision satisfying the provisions
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of section 172 within 3 years of redesignation as
nonattainment.’’;
(4) adding to section 111 a new subparagraph
(b)(1)(C) to read as follows:
‘‘(C) No standards of performance promul-
gated under this section shall apply to units
subject to regulations promulgated pursuant to
section 481.’’;
(5) modifying section 112 by amending—
(A) paragraph (c)(1) to read as follows:
‘‘(c) LIST OF SOURCE CATEGORIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 12 months
after November 15, 1990, the Administrator shall
publish, and shall from time to time, but not less
often than every 8 years, revise, if appropriate, in
response to public comment or new information, a
list of all categories and subcategories of major
sources and area sources (listed under paragraph
(3)) of the air pollutants listed pursuant to sub-
section (b). Provided, however, That electric utility
steam generating units not subject to Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act section 3005 shall not
be included in any category or subcategory listed
under this subsection. The Administrator shall have
the authority to regulate the emission of hazardous
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air pollutants listed under section 112(b), other than
mercury compounds, by electric utility steam gener-
ating units in accordance with the regime set forth
in section 112(f)(2) through (4). The section
112(f)(2) determination shall be based on actual
emissions by electric utility steam generating units
in 2010. Any such regulations shall be promulgated
within 8 years of 2010. To the extent practicable,
the categories and subcategories listed under this
subsection shall be consistent with the list of source
categories established pursuant to section 111 and
part C. Nothing in the preceding sentence limits the
Administrator’s authority to establish subcategories
under this section, as appropriate.’’;
(B) subparagraph (n)(1)(A) to read as fol-
lows:
‘‘(n) OTHER PROVISIONS.—
‘‘(1) ELECTRIC
UTILITY
STEAM
GENERATING
UNITS.—
‘‘(A) The Administrator shall perform a
study of the hazards to public health reasonably
anticipated to occur as a result of emissions by
electric utility steam generating units of pollut-
ants listed under subsection (b) after imposition
of the requirements of this Act. The Adminis-