I 
117TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6600 
To support stabilization, peace, and democracy efforts in Ethiopia. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 4, 2022 
Mr. MALINOWSKI (for himself, Mrs. KIM of California, Mr. MEEKS, and Mr. 
MCCAUL) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on the Ju-
diciary, Financial Services, and Armed Services, for a period to be subse-
quently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To support stabilization, peace, and democracy efforts in 
Ethiopia. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ethiopia Stabilization, 
Peace, and Democracy Act’’. 
SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to support efforts to end the civil war and 
other conflicts in Ethiopia and gross violations of 
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promote democracy, human rights, and reconciliation in 
Ethiopia. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required by subsection 
(a) shall include a plan to implement the strategy, includ-
ing to— 
(1) advance diplomatic engagement with the 
United Nations, the African Union, the European 
Union, and other regional bodies, countries, and 
international partners; 
(2) address acute humanitarian needs, ensure 
unfettered humanitarian access to and support for 
vulnerable populations, including refugees, internally 
displaced persons, vulnerable populations, and indi-
viduals forcibly displaced by the civil war and other 
conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(3) identify and deter external material support 
provided to any parties to the conflict for the pur-
poses of perpetuating or affecting the civil war and 
other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(4) support justice and accountability for gross 
violations 
of 
internationally 
recognized 
human 
rights, crimes against humanity, genocide, war 
crimes, and atrocities committed in Ethiopia and to 
enhance rule of law; 
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(5) ensure the safety and security of United 
States Embassy staff and United States citizens and 
legal permanent residents in Ethiopia, including con-
tingency plans to evacuate, as needed, these individ-
uals from Ethiopia; 
(6) combat hate speech and disinformation in 
Ethiopia, including efforts to coordinate with social 
media companies to mitigate the effects of social 
media content generated outside of the United 
States focused on perpetuating the civil war and 
other conflicts in Ethiopia, including through hate 
speech and language inciting violence; 
(7) meaningfully engage civil society of all 
ethnicities, including women and youth, in conflict 
resolution, inclusive dialogue, reconciliation, and 
community-based efforts to support peacebuilding 
and an end to violence in Ethiopia; 
(8) support conflict resolution and psychosocial 
rehabilitation for populations in Ethiopia affected by 
the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia, includ-
ing an analysis of the drivers of the civil war and 
other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(9) as appropriate, support efforts to restore 
medical and other health-related infrastructure that 
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was damaged or destroyed during the course of the 
civil war in Ethiopia; 
(10) develop, communicate, and assess clearly 
defined benchmarks and metrics required to resume 
certain assistance in Ethiopia, including related to 
democracy and governance, economic growth, and 
development and an analysis of the drivers of the 
civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia; and 
(11) address threats, due to ethnicity, religion, 
political or geographic affiliations, or affiliation with 
the United States, against Ethiopian citizens work-
ing for United States Government agencies in Ethi-
opia. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port that contains the strategy required by subsection (a). 
(d) REPORT
ON PROGRESS TOWARDS ACCOUNT-
ABILITY.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for 
5 years, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report on progress to-
wards holding individuals accountable for gross violations 
of internationally recognized human rights, war crimes, 
crimes against humanity, genocide, and other atrocities. 
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SEC. 4. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE, STABILITY, AND 
ACCOUNTABILITY. 
(a) BILATERAL SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose 
the sanctions described in paragraph (2) with re-
spect to any foreign person that the President deter-
mines— 
(A) has undermined, attempted to under-
mine, or seeks to undermine efforts with respect 
to a cease-fire and negotiated settlement to end 
the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(B) is responsible for or complicit in ac-
tions or policies that expanded or extended the 
civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(C) has committed gross violations of 
internationally recognized human rights, war 
crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, or 
other atrocities in Ethiopia; 
(D) has obstructed, delayed, or diverted, or 
seeks to obstruct, delay, or divert, the provision 
of humanitarian assistance for those affected by 
the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(E) has planned, directed, or committed 
attacks in Ethiopia against United Nations and 
African Union, humanitarian, or nongovern-
mental organization personnel; and 
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(F) has— 
(i) knowingly engaged in or materially 
contributed to the civil war or other con-
flicts in Ethiopia; 
(ii) provided to any party involved in 
the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia 
conventional weapons that fall within the 
scope of conventional weapons under the 
United National Register of Conventional 
Arms; or 
(iii) provided to any party involved in 
the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia 
any technical training, financial resources 
or services, advice, other services or assist-
ance related to the supply, sale, transfer, 
manufacture, maintenance, or use of arms, 
spare parts, and related materiel described 
in paragraph (1), utilized for the purposes 
of perpetuating and expanding the civil 
war or other conflicts in Ethiopia. 
(2) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to 
be imposed under paragraph (1) with respect to a 
foreign person are the following: 
(A) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The exer-
cise of all powers granted to the President by 
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the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec-
essary to block and prohibit all transactions in 
all property and interests in property of the for-
eign person if such property and interests in 
property are in the United States, come within 
the United States, or are or come within the 
possession or control of a United States person. 
(B) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, AD-
MISSION, OR PAROLE.— 
(i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.— 
An alien described in paragraph (1) is— 
(I) inadmissible to the United 
States; 
(II) ineligible to receive a visa or 
other documentation to enter the 
United States; and 
(III) otherwise ineligible to be 
admitted or paroled into the United 
States or to receive any other benefit 
under the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 
(ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(I) IN
GENERAL.—The visa or 
other entry documentation of an alien 
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inspection and test equipment, and exclud-
ing technical data. 
(B) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH AGREE-
MENTS RELATED TO THE OFFICIAL ACTIVITIES 
OF
CERTAIN
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS 
AND
OTHER
INTERNATIONAL
ENTITIES
AND 
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
OBJECTIVES.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to an 
alien if admitting the alien into the United 
States— 
(i) is necessary to permit the United 
States to comply with agreements between 
the United Nations and the United States, 
between the United States and certain 
other international organizations or enti-
ties, or other applicable international obli-
gations of the United States, as identified 
by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of 
the Treasury, or the heads of other appro-
priate Federal departments and agencies; 
or 
(ii) would further important law en-
forcement objectives. 
(4) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 
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(A) 
IMPLEMENTATION.—The 
President 
may exercise all authorities provided under sec-
tions 203 and 205 of the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 
and 1704) to carry out this subsection. 
(B) PENALTIES RELATING TO BLOCKING 
OF
PROPERTY.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes 
a violation of subsection or any regulation, li-
cense, or order issued to carry out this sub-
section shall be subject to the penalties set 
forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 
of the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as 
a person that commits an unlawful act de-
scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 
(C) TERMINATION.—Sanctions imposed on 
a person under paragraph (2) shall not apply 
on or after the date that is 30 days after the 
Secretary of State determines and certifies to 
the appropriate committees that the person no 
longer engages in activities described in para-
graph (1). 
(D) SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.— 
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(i) IN GENERAL.—The President may 
suspend in whole or in part the imposition 
of sanctions otherwise required under this 
subsection for periods not to exceed 90 
days if the President determines that the 
parties to the civil war and other conflicts 
in Ethiopia have agreed to and are uphold-
ing a cease-fire and undergoing an inclu-
sive political dialogue in Ethiopia. 
(ii) NOTIFICATION
REQUIRED.—Not 
later than 30 days after the date on which 
the President makes a determination to 
suspend the imposition of sanctions as de-
scribed in clause (i), the President shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a notification of the determina-
tion. 
(iii) REIMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.— 
Any sanctions suspended under clause (i) 
shall be reimposed if the President deter-
mines that the criteria described in that 
clause are no longer being met. 
(E) WAIVER.—The President may waive 
the application of sanctions described in para-
graph (2) with respect to a person described in 
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paragraph (1) if the President determines and 
certifies to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that such waiver is in the national in-
terest of the United States. 
(F) EXCEPTION
TO
COMPLY
WITH
NA-
TIONAL
SECURITY.—The following activities 
shall be exempt from sanctions under this sub-
section: 
(i) Activities subject to the reporting 
requirements under title V of the National 
Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et 
seq.). 
(ii) Any authorized intelligence or law 
enforcement activities of the United States. 
(5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The 
terms ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, and ‘‘alien’’ 
have the meanings given those terms in section 
101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
U.S.C. 1101). 
(B) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 
person’’ means a person that is not a United 
States person. 
(C) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’, 
with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a 
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result, means that a person has actual knowl-
edge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
circumstance, or the result. 
(D) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term 
‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(i) a United States citizen, an alien 
lawfully admitted for permanent residence 
to the United States, or any other indi-
vidual subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States; or 
(ii) an entity organized under the laws 
of the United States or of any jurisdiction 
within the United States, including a for-
eign branch of such entity. 
(b) MULTILATERAL SANCTIONS.—The Secretary of 
State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury 
and the Secretary of Commerce, as appropriate, should 
seek to engage with other member countries of the United 
Nations Security Council, other member countries of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union, 
the African Union, and any other relevant actors to 
achieve a coordinated imposition of multilateral sanctions 
and export controls on persons described in subsection 
(a)(1). 
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(c) LIMITATIONS
ON EXPORT
OF DEFENSE
AND 
DUAL-USE ITEMS.— 
(1) DUAL-USE ITEMS.—The Secretary of Com-
merce, in coordination with the Secretary of State, 
shall determine whether licenses should be required 
under section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export Control 
Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)) for 
the export, reexport, or in-country transfer to Ethi-
opia or Eritrea of items described in clause (ii) of 
that section. 
(2) DEFENSE
ITEMS.—No license may be 
issued for the export to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any 
item on the United States Munitions List under sec-
tion 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 
SEC. 5. LIMITATION ON SECURITY ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on the date of the en-
actment of this Act, all amounts authorized to be appro-
priated or otherwise made available by the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or chapter 16 
of title 10, United States Code, and made available to pro-
vide assistance to Ethiopia’s security forces shall be sus-
pended from obligation and expenditure until the date that 
is 30 days after the Secretary of State determines and 
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certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that 
the conditions described in subsection (b) are met. 
(b) CONDITIONS DESCRIBED.—The conditions de-
scribed in this subsection are the following: 
(1) The Government of Ethiopia has ceased all 
offensive military operations associated with the civil 
war and other conflicts in Ethiopia. 
(2) The Government of Ethiopia has taken 
steps toward negotiations and a legitimate, inclusive 
national dialogue. 
(3) The Government of Ethiopia has imple-
mented measures to better protect human rights and 
ensure adherence to international humanitarian law. 
(4) The Government of Ethiopia has continu-
ously allowed unfettered humanitarian access. 
(5) The Government of Ethiopia has cooperated 
with independent investigations of credible allega-
tions of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and 
other human rights abuse carried out in the course 
of the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia. 
(c) EXCEPTION.—The suspension of amounts under 
subsection (a) shall not include amounts authorized to be 
appropriated or otherwise made available for law enforce-
ment, border security, including land, sea, and air ports 
of entry, or other activities conducted in coordination with 
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the Government of Ethiopia that are in support of United 
States national security objectives. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 15 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
comprehensive list of all assistance suspended in compli-
ance with the limitation on assistance required by sub-
section (a) as of the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(e) WAIVER.—The President may, subject to congres-
sional notification requirements under other applicable 
provisions of law, waive the limitation on assistance re-
quired by subsection (a), if the President— 
(1) determines that the waiver is in the national 
interest of the United States; and 
(2) submits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a notice of and justification for the waiv-
er not later than 15 days after the exercise of the 
waiver, including an explanation as to why the waiv-
er is in the national interest of the United States. 
SEC. 6. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE PROVIDED THROUGH 
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 
(a) RESTRICTIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury 
shall instruct the United States Executive Director at each 
international financial institution— 
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(1) to use the voice and vote of the United 
States in the respective institution to oppose any 
loan or extension of financial or technical assistance 
to the Governments of Ethiopia and Eritrea; and 
(2) to work with other key donor countries to 
develop a coordinated policy with respect to lending 
to the Government of Ethiopia and the Government 
of the State of Eritrea aimed at advancing human 
rights and promoting peace. 
(b) EXCEPTION FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES.— 
Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply 
with respect to any loan or financial or technical assist-
ance provided for humanitarian purposes, including efforts 
to prevent, detect, and respond to the COVID–19 pan-
demic, or any other infectious disease threat that is de-
clared by the World Health Organization to be a Public 
Health Emergency of International Concern. 
(c) WAIVER FOR PROJECTS THAT DIRECTLY SUP-
PORT BASIC HUMAN NEEDS.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury may waive the application of subsection (a)(1) 
if the Secretary of the Treasury has submitted to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a written determina-
tion, arrived at with the concurrence of the Secretary of 
State, that the waiver is being exercised to support 
projects that directly support basic human needs. 
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(d) TERMINATION.—Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply 
on or after the date that is 30 days after the Secretary 
of State determines and certifies to the appropriate con-
gressional committees that the Government of Ethiopia 
and the Government of the State of Eritrea have— 
(1) ceased all offensive military operations asso-
ciated with the civil war and other conflicts in Ethi-
opia; 
(2) taken steps towards negotiations and an in-
clusive, legitimate national dialogue; 
(3) continuously allowed unfettered humani-
tarian access; and 
(4) cooperated with independent investigations 
of credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against 
humanity, and other human rights abuses carried 
out in the course of the civil war and other conflicts 
in Ethiopia. 
(e) DEFINITION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL IN-
STITUTION.—In this section, the term ‘‘international fi-
nancial institution’’ means the International Monetary 
Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel-
opment, European Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
ment, International Development Association, Inter-
national Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment 
Guarantee Agency, African Development Bank, African 
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Development Fund, Asian Development Bank, Inter- 
American Development Bank, Bank for Economic Co-
operation and Development in the Middle East and North 
Africa, and Inter-American Investment Corporation. 
SEC. 7. LIMITATION ON SUPPORT PROVIDED BY UNITED 
STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FI-
NANCE CORPORATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States International 
Development Finance Corporation may not provide sup-
port under title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 
Leading to Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9621 et 
seq.) for projects in Ethiopia. 
(b) TERMINATION.—The prohibition under sub-
section (a) shall not apply on or after the date that is 
30 days after the Secretary of State determines and cer-
tifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the 
Government of Ethiopia has— 
(1) ceased all offensive military operations re-
lated to the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia; 
(2) taken steps toward negotiations and a legiti-
mate, inclusive political dialogue; 
(3) continuously allowed unfettered humani-
tarian access; and 
(4) cooperated with independent investigations 
of credible allegations of gross violations of inter-
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nationally recognized human rights, war crimes, 
crimes against humanity, and genocide, carried out 
in the course of the civil war and other conflicts in 
Ethiopia. 
(c) WAIVER.—The President may waive the prohibi-
tion under subsection (a) if the President— 
(1) determines that it is in the United States 
national security interest; and 
(2) submits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the use of the waiver not 
later than 15 days after the exercise of the waiver, 
including an explanation as to why the waiver is in 
the national interests of the United States. 
SEC. 8. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 
provide financial, technical, and diplomatic support for ef-
forts and activities necessary to preserve evidence of atroc-
ities in Ethiopia and to pursue accountability for gross 
violations of internationally recognized human rights, war 
crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, as well as 
any violations of international humanitarian law, that 
have taken place in the course of the civil war and other 
conflicts in Ethiopia. 
(b) PROVISION OF INFORMATION.—The President is 
authorized to share information possessed by the United 
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States Government with organizations engaged in credible 
investigations meant to lead to the prosecution of any indi-
vidual credibly accused of gross violations of internation-
ally recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against 
humanity, genocide, and other atrocities in Ethiopia in ac-
cordance with this section. 
SEC. 9. REPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port that— 
(1) describes the actions and involvement of 
senior officials of the Government of Ethiopia, the 
Government of Eritrea, the Tigrayan Peoples Lib-
eration Front, and armed opposition groups or asso-
ciated forces engaged in— 
(A) directing, carrying out, or ordering 
gross violations of internationally recognized 
human rights, war crimes, crimes against hu-
manity, genocide, and other atrocities in Ethi-
opia; and 
(B) directing, carrying out, or ordering 
targeting of civilians, civilian infrastructure, 
medical facilities or the use or recruitment of 
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children by armed groups or armed forces in 
Ethiopia; 
(2) describes the actions and involvement of any 
external actors, including in the People’s Republic of 
China, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, 
Egypt, Sudan, and Turkey, engaged in, facilitating, 
or financing the sale or transfers of arms or weap-
ons to any party to the civil war or other conflicts 
in Ethiopia; 
(3) identifies foreign financial institutions in 
which senior officials described in paragraph (1) or 
external actors described in paragraph (2) hold sig-
nificant assets, and provides an assessment of the 
value of such assets; and 
(4) identifies foreign financial institutions that 
knowingly facilitate or finance the sale or transfer of 
weapons, arms, or non-lethal equipment intended or 
altered by a third party for military use to any party 
to the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex. 
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SEC. 10. DETERMINATION OF GENOCIDE, WAR CRIMES, OR 
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the heads of other Federal depart-
ments and agencies represented on the Atrocity Early 
Warning Task Force and representatives of human rights 
organizations, shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a determination whether actions in 
Ethiopia by the armed forces of Ethiopia, the armed forces 
of Eritrea, the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front, or as-
sociated forces or armed actors constitute genocide (as de-
fined in section 1091 of title 18, United States Code), war 
crimes, or crimes against humanity. 
(b) FORM.—The determination required under sub-
section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and 
published on a publicly available website of the Depart-
ment of State, but may include a classified annex if such 
annex is provided separately from the unclassified deter-
mination. 
SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
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(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate. 
(2) GROSS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONALLY 
RECOGNIZED HUMAN RIGHTS.—The term ‘‘gross vio-
lations of internationally recognized human rights’’ 
includes torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading 
treatment or punishment, prolonged detention with-
out charges and trial, causing the disappearance of 
persons by the abduction and clandestine detention 
of those persons, and other flagrant denial of the 
right to life, liberty, or the security of persons. 
SEC. 12. SUNSET. 
This Act, and any sanctions imposed pursuant to this 
Act, shall cease to be effective beginning on the date that 
is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Æ 
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