I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2834 
To enact certain laws relating to the environment as title 55, United States 
Code, ‘‘Environment’’. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 18, 2015 
Mr. MARINO introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To enact certain laws relating to the environment as title 
55, United States Code, ‘‘Environment’’. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1.
Table of contents. 
Sec. 2.
Purpose; restatement does not change meaning or effect of existing law. 
Sec. 3.
Enactment of title 55, United States Code. 
Sec. 4.
Conforming amendments. 
Sec. 5.
Transitional and savings provisions. 
Sec. 6.
Repeals. 
SEC. 2. PURPOSE; RESTATEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE MEANING OR EF-
FECT OF EXISTING LAW. 
(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to codify certain existing laws 
relating to the environment as a positive law title of the United States Code. 
(b) RESTATEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE MEANING OR EFFECT OF EXIST-
ING LAW.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The restatement of existing law enacted by this 
Act does not change the meaning or effect of the existing law. The re-
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statement consolidates various provisions that were enacted separately 
over a period of many years, reorganizing them, conforming style and 
terminology, modernizing obsolete language, and correcting drafting er-
rors. These changes serve to remove ambiguities, contradictions, and 
other imperfections, but they do not change the meaning or effect of 
the existing law or impair the precedential value of earlier judicial deci-
sions or other interpretations. 
(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the plain meaning rule or 
other rules of statutory construction, a change in wording made 
in the restatement of existing law enacted by this Act serves to 
clarify the existing law as indicated in paragraph (1), but not to 
change the meaning or effect of the existing law. 
(B) REVISION NOTES.—Subparagraph (A) applies whether or 
not a change in wording is explained by a revision note appearing 
in a congressional report accompanying this Act. If such a revision 
note does appear, a court shall consider the revision note in inter-
preting the change. 
SEC. 3. ENACTMENT OF TITLE 55, UNITED STATES CODE. 
(a) TITLE 55.—Title 55, United States Code, ‘‘Environment’’, is enacted 
as follows: 
TITLE 55—ENVIRONMENT 
Subtitle I—General Provisions 
Chap. 
Sec. 
101. Definitions ........................................................................................................
101101 
103. Environmental Protection Agency ....................................................................
103101 
105. National environmental policy ..........................................................................
105101 
107. Environmental quality improvement ................................................................
107101 
109. Environmental research, development, and demonstration ..............................
109101 
111. Provisions applicable to more than 1 subtitle or other law ..............................
111101 
113
through 197. RESERVED 
199. Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................
199101 
Subtitle II—Air 
Division A—Clean Air 
Subdivision 1—General Provisions 
201. Definitions ........................................................................................................
201101 
203. Administrative and procedural provisions ........................................................
203101 
205
through 207. RESERVED 
209. Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................
209101 
Subdivision 2—Air Pollution Prevention and Control 
211. Air quality and emission limitations .................................................................
211101 
213. Prevention of significant deterioration of air quality .......................................
213101 
215. Plan requirements for nonattainment areas .....................................................
215101 
Subdivision 3—Emission Standards for Moving Sources 
221. Motor vehicle emission and fuel standards .......................................................
221101 
223. Aircraft emission standards ..............................................................................
223101 
225. Clean fuel vehicles ............................................................................................
225101 
Subdivision 4—Noise Pollution 
231. Noise pollution ..................................................................................................
231101 
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Subdivision 5—Acid Deposition Control 
233. Acid deposition control .....................................................................................
233101 
Subdivision 6—Permits 
235. Permits .............................................................................................................
235101 
Subdivision 7—Stratospheric Ozone Reduction 
237. Stratospheric ozone reduction ..........................................................................
237101 
Divisions B to Y—Reserved 
239
through 297. RESERVED 
Division Z—Miscellaneous 
299. Miscellaneous ....................................................................................................
299101 
Subtitle I—General Provisions 
Chapter 101—Definitions 
Sec. 
101101.
Definitions. 
101102.
Environmental law. 
§ 101101. Definitions 
In this title: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the Admin-
istrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. 
(2) EPA.—The term ‘‘EPA’’ means the Environmental Protection 
Agency. 
§ 101102. Environmental law 
The inclusion in this title or exclusion from this title of any provision of 
law has no bearing on whether that provision is a provision of environmental 
law within the meaning of that term as used in any provision of law. 
Chapter 103—Environmental Protection 
Agency 
Sec. 
103101.
Establishment. 
103102.
Administrator. 
103103.
Deputy Administrator. 
103104.
Assistant Administrators. 
103105.
Functions. 
103106.
Office of Criminal Investigations. 
103107.
Civil investigators. 
103108.
National Enforcement Training Institute. 
103109.
Availability of certain accounts. 
§ 103101. Establishment 
There is established the Environmental Protection Agency. 
§ 103102. Administrator 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be at the head of EPA the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency. 
(b) APPOINTMENT.—The Administrator shall be appointed by the Presi-
dent by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
§ 103103. Deputy Administrator 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be in EPA a Deputy Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency. 
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(b) APPOINTMENT.—The Deputy Administrator shall be appointed by the 
President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
(c) FUNCTIONS.—The Deputy Administrator shall— 
(1) perform such functions as the Administrator shall from time to 
time assign or delegate; and 
(2) act as Administrator during the absence or disability of the Ad-
ministrator or in the event of a vacancy in the office of Administrator. 
§ 103104. Assistant Administrators 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) NUMBER OF ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATORS.—Except as provided 
in subsection (b), there shall be in EPA not to exceed 5 Assistant Ad-
ministrators of the Environmental Protection Agency. 
(2) APPOINTMENT.—An Assistant Administrator shall be appointed 
by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
(3) FUNCTIONS.—An Assistant Administrator shall perform such 
functions as the Administrator shall from time to time assign or dele-
gate to the Assistant Administrator. 
(b) ADDITIONAL ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATORS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, may appoint 3 Assistant Administrators of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency in addition to— 
(A) the 5 Assistant Administrators provided for in subsection 
(a); 
(B) the Assistant Administrator provided by section 26(g) of 
the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2625(g)); and 
(C) the Assistant Administrator provided by section 307(b) of 
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and 
Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 6911a). 
(2) DUTIES.—An Assistant Administrator appointed under para-
graph (1) shall perform such duties as the Administrator may pre-
scribe. 
§ 103105. Functions 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any function assigned specifically to the 
Administrator under any other provision of law, the Administrator shall per-
form the following functions: 
(1) The functions that, before December 2, 1970, were vested by law 
in the Secretary of the Interior and the Department of the Interior and 
administered by the Gulf Breeze Biological Laboratory of the Bureau 
of Commercial Fisheries at Gulf Breeze, Florida. 
(2) The function of conducting investigations, studies, surveys, re-
search, and analyses relating to ecological systems. 
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(3) The functions that, before December 2, 1970, were vested by law 
in the Secretary of Agriculture and the Department of Agriculture and 
were administered through the Environmental Quality Branch of the 
Plant Protection Division of the Agricultural Research Service. 
(4) Such functions as are incidental to or necessary for the perform-
ance by or under the Administrator of the functions described in para-
graphs (1) through (3), including authority provided by law to pre-
scribe regulations relating primarily to the functions. 
(b) PERFORMANCE OF FUNCTIONS.—The Administrator may from time 
to time make such provisions as the Administrator considers appropriate au-
thorizing the performance of any of the functions of the Administrator by 
any other officer, or by any organizational entity or employee, of EPA. 
§ 103106. Office of Criminal Investigations 
(a) HEAD OF OFFICE.—The head of the Office of Criminal Investiga-
tions— 
(1) shall be a position in the competitive service (as defined in sec-
tion 2102 of title 5) or a career reserved position (as defined in section 
3132(a) of that title); and 
(2) shall report directly, without intervening review or approval, to 
the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement. 
(b) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATORS.—There shall be assigned to the Office of 
Criminal Investigations not fewer than 200 criminal investigators. 
§ 103107. Civil investigators 
The Administrator shall assign to assist the Office of Enforcement in de-
veloping and prosecuting civil and administrative actions and carrying out 
its other functions a number of civil investigators that is at least 50 greater 
than the number of civil investigators so assigned on November 16, 1990. 
§ 103108. National Enforcement Training Institute 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall establish within the Office of 
Enforcement the National Enforcement Training Institute. 
(b) FUNCTION.—It shall be a function of the Institute to train Federal, 
State, and local lawyers, inspectors, civil and criminal investigators, and 
technical experts in the enforcement of the Nation’s environmental laws. 
§ 103109. Availability of certain accounts 
(a) AVAILABILITY.—For each fiscal year— 
(1) the Science and Technology Account and Environmental Pro-
grams and Management Account are available for— 
(A) uniforms, or allowances for uniforms, as authorized by sec-
tions 5901 and 5902 of title 5; and 
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(B) services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, but at 
rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of the rate 
paid for level IV of the Executive Schedule; and 
(2) the Science and Technology Account, Environmental Programs 
and Management Account, Office of Inspector General Account, Haz-
ardous Substance Superfund Account, and Leaking Underground Stor-
age Tank Trust Fund Program Account are available for the construc-
tion, alteration, repair, rehabilitation, and renovation of facilities pro-
vided that the cost does not exceed $85,000 per project. 
(b) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR GRANTS.—None of the funds 
available for grants under the title headed ‘‘ENVIRONMENTAL PRO-
TECTION AGENCY’’ in the Department of the Interior, Environment, and 
Related Agencies Appropriations Act for any fiscal year may be used to pay 
for the salaries of individual consultants at more than the daily equivalent 
of the rate paid for level IV of the Executive Schedule. 
Chapter 105—National Environmental 
Policy 
Subchapter I—Purposes 
Sec. 
105101.
Purposes. 
Subchapter II—Policies and Goals 
105201.
Declaration of national environmental policy. 
105202.
Interpretation of policies, regulations, and public laws; actions by Federal agencies. 
Subchapter III—Council on Environmental Quality 
105301.
Definition of Council. 
105302.
Establishment. 
105303.
Employment of personnel, experts, and consultants. 
105304.
Duties and functions. 
105305.
Consultation with Citizens’ Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality and other 
representatives. 
105306.
Full-time service; compensation. 
105307.
Acceptance of travel reimbursement. 
105308.
Expenditures for international activities. 
105309.
Authorization of appropriations. 
Subchapter I—Purposes 
§ 105101. Purposes 
The purposes of this chapter are— 
(1) to declare a national policy that will encourage productive and 
enjoyable harmony between man and his environment; 
(2) to promote efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the 
environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of 
man; 
(3) to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and natural 
resources important to the Nation; and 
(4) to establish a Council on Environmental Quality. 
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Subchapter II—Policies and Goals 
§ 105201. Declaration of national environmental policy 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Congress, recognizing the profound impact of man’s 
activity on the interrelations of all components of the natural environment, 
particularly the profound influences of population growth, high-density ur-
banization, industrial expansion, resource exploitation, and new and expand-
ing technological advances, and recognizing further the critical importance 
of restoring and maintaining environmental quality to the overall welfare 
and development of man, declares that it is the continuing policy of the 
Federal Government, in cooperation with State and local governments, and 
other concerned public and private organizations, to use all practicable 
means and measures, including financial and technical assistance, in a man-
ner calculated to foster and promote the general welfare, to create and 
maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive 
harmony, and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present 
and future generations of Americans. 
(b) RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.—To carry out the 
policy set forth in this chapter, it is the continuing responsibility of the Fed-
eral Government to use all practicable means, consistent with other essential 
considerations of national policy, to improve and coordinate Federal plans, 
functions, programs, and resources to the end that the Nation may— 
(1) fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the en-
vironment for succeeding generations; 
(2) ensure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and 
esthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings; 
(3) attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environment 
without degradation, risk to health or safety, or other undesirable and 
unintended consequences; 
(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our 
national heritage, and maintain, wherever possible, an environment that 
supports diversity and variety of individual choice; 
(5) achieve a balance between population and resource use that will 
permit high standards of living and a wide sharing of life’s amenities; 
and 
(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach the 
maximum attainable recycling of depletable resources. 
(c) HEALTHFUL ENVIRONMENT; RESPONSIBILITY OF EACH PERSON.— 
Congress recognizes that each person should enjoy a healthful environment 
and that each person has a responsibility to contribute to the preservation 
and enhancement of the environment. 
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§ 105202. Interpretation of policies, regulations, and public 
laws; actions by Federal agencies 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Congress authorizes and directs that, to the fullest ex-
tent possible— 
(1) the policies, regulations, and public laws of the United States 
shall be interpreted and administered in accordance with the policies 
set forth in this chapter; and 
(2) all Federal agencies shall— 
(A) utilize a systematic, interdisciplinary approach that will en-
sure the integrated use of the natural and social sciences and the 
environmental design arts in planning and in decisionmaking that 
may have an impact on the human environment; 
(B) identify and develop methods and procedures, in consulta-
tion with the Council on Environmental Quality, that will ensure 
that presently unquantified environmental amenities and values 
may be given appropriate consideration in decisionmaking along 
with economic and technical considerations; 
(C) include in every recommendation or report on proposals for 
legislation and other major Federal actions significantly affecting 
the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the 
responsible official on— 
(i) the environmental impact of the proposed action; 
(ii) any adverse environmental effects that cannot be avoid-
ed should the proposal be implemented; 
(iii) alternatives to the proposed action; 
(iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of the 
environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long- 
term productivity; and 
(v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of re-
sources that would be involved in the proposed action should 
it be implemented. 
(D) study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to rec-
ommended courses of action in any proposal that involves unre-
solved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources; 
(E) recognize the worldwide and long-range character of envi-
ronmental problems and, where consistent with the foreign policy 
of the United States, lend appropriate support to initiatives, reso-
lutions, and programs designed to maximize international coopera-
tion in anticipating and preventing a decline in the quality of man-
kind’s world environment; 
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(F) make available to States, counties, municipalities, institu-
tions, and individuals advice and information useful in restoring, 
maintaining, and enhancing the quality of the environment; 
(G) initiate and utilize ecological information in the planning 
and development of resource-oriented projects; and 
(H) assist the Council on Environmental Quality. 
(b) DETAILED STATEMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Prior to making any detailed statement under 
subsection (a)(2)(C), the responsible Federal official shall consult with 
and obtain the comments of any Federal agency that has jurisdiction 
by law or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact 
involved. 
(2) AVAILABILITY.—Copies of the statement and the comments and 
views of the appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, which are 
authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards— 
(A) shall be made available to the President, the Council on En-
vironmental Quality, and the public as provided by section 552 of 
title 5; and 
(B) shall accompany the proposal through the existing agency 
review processes; 
(3) DETAILED STATEMENT PREPARED BY STATE AGENCY OR OFFI-
CIAL.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Any detailed statement required under sub-
section (a)(2)(C) for any major Federal action funded under a 
program of grants to States shall not be deemed to be legally in-
sufficient solely by reason of having been prepared by a State 
agency or official, if— 
(i) the State agency or official has statewide jurisdiction 
and has the responsibility for the action; 
(ii) the responsible Federal official furnishes guidance and 
participates in the preparation; 
(iii) the responsible Federal official independently evaluates 
the statement prior to its approval and adoption; and 
(iv) the responsible Federal official provides early notifica-
tion to, and solicits the views of, any other State or any Fed-
eral land management entity of any action or any alternative 
thereto that may have significant impacts on the State or af-
fected Federal land management entity and, if there is any 
disagreement on the impacts, prepares a written assessment 
of the impacts and views for incorporation into the detailed 
statement. 
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(B) EFFECT
OF
PROCEDURES.—The procedures under this 
paragraph shall not relieve the Federal official of the official’s re-
sponsibilities for the scope, objectivity, and content of the entire 
statement or of any other responsibility under this chapter, and 
this paragraph does not affect the legal sufficiency of statements 
prepared by State agencies with less than statewide jurisdiction. 
(c) CERTAIN ACTIVITIES NOT A MAJOR FEDERAL ACTION.—The licens-
ing of a launch vehicle or launch site operator (including any amendment, 
extension, or renewal of the license) under chapter 701 of title 49 shall not 
be considered a major Federal action for purposes of subsection (a)(2)(C) 
if— 
(1) the Department of the Army has issued a permit for the activity; 
and 
(2) the Army Corps of Engineers has found that the activity has no 
significant impact. 
(d) NECESSITY OF MILITARY LOW-LEVEL FLIGHT TRAINING TO PRO-
TECT NATIONAL SECURITY AND ENHANCE MILITARY READINESS.—Noth-
ing in this chapter (including regulations implementing this chapter) shall 
require the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department 
to prepare a programmatic nationwide environmental impact statement for 
low-level flight training as a precondition to the use by the Armed Forces 
of an airspace for the performance of low-level training flights. 
(e) ACCELERATED DECISIONMAKING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In preparing a final environmental impact state-
ment under this section, if the lead agency modifies the statement in 
response to comments that are minor and are confined to factual cor-
rections or explanations of why the comments do not warrant addi-
tional agency response, the lead agency may write on an errata sheet 
attached to the statement, instead of rewriting the draft statement, if 
the errata sheet— 
(A) cites the sources, authorities, or reasons that support the 
position of the lead agency; and 
(B) if appropriate, indicates the circumstances that would trig-
ger a reappraisal or further response by the lead agency. 
(2) SINGLE DOCUMENT.—To the maximum extent practicable, the 
lead agency shall expeditiously develop a single document that consists 
of a final environmental impact statement and a record of decision, un-
less— 
(A) the final environmental impact statement makes substantial 
changes to the proposed action that are relevant to environmental 
or safety concerns; or 
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(B) there are significant new circumstances or information rel-
evant to environmental concerns and that bear on the proposed ac-
tion or the impacts of the proposed action. 
(f) EFFECT OF SECTION.—Nothing in this section has any effect on the 
specific statutory obligations of any Federal agency— 
(1) to comply with criteria or standards of environmental quality; 
(2) to coordinate or consult with any other Federal or State agency; 
or 
(3) to act or refrain from acting contingent on the recommendations 
or certification of any other Federal or State agency. 
Subchapter III—Council on Environmental 
Policy 
§ 105301. Definition of Council 
In this subchapter, the term ‘‘Council’’ means the Council on Environ-
mental Quality established under section 105302 of this title. 
§ 105302. Establishment 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There is created in the Executive Office of the Presi-
dent a Council on Environmental Quality. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Council shall be composed of 3 members who 
shall be appointed by the President to serve at the pleasure of the Presi-
dent, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
(c) CHAIRMAN.—The President shall designate 1 of the members of the 
Council to serve as Chairman. 
(d) QUALIFICATIONS.—Each member shall be an individual who, as a re-
sult of the individual’s training, experience, and attainments, is exception-
ally well qualified to— 
(1) analyze and interpret environmental trends and information of 
all kinds; 
(2) appraise programs and activities of the Federal Government in 
light of the policy set forth in subchapter II; 
(3) be conscious of and responsive to the scientific, economic, social, 
esthetic, and cultural needs and interests of the Nation; and 
(4) formulate and recommend national policies to promote the im-
provement of the quality of the environment. 
§ 105303. Employment of personnel, experts, and consult-
ants 
(a) OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES.—The Council may employ such officers 
and employees as may be necessary to carry out its functions under this 
chapter. 
(b) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Council may employ and fix the 
compensation of such experts and consultants as may be necessary for the 
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carrying out of its functions under this chapter, in accordance with section 
3109 of title 5 (but without regard to the last sentence of subsection (b) 
of that section). 
(c) VOLUNTARY AND UNCOMPENSATED SERVICES.—Notwithstanding sec-
tion 1342 of title 31, the Council may accept and employ voluntary and un-
compensated services in furtherance of the purposes of the Council. 
§ 105304. Duties and functions 
It shall be the duty and function of the Council— 
(1) to— 
(A) gather timely and authoritative information concerning the 
conditions and trends in the quality of the environment, both cur-
rent and prospective; 
(B) analyze and interpret that information for the purpose of 
determining whether those conditions and trends are interfering, 
or are likely to interfere, with the achievement of the policy set 
forth in subchapter II; and 
(C) compile and submit to the President studies relating to 
those conditions and trends; 
(2) to— 
(A) review and appraise the various programs and activities of 
the Federal Government in light of the policy set forth in sub-
chapter II for the purpose of determining the extent to which 
those programs and activities are contributing to the achievement 
of that policy; and 
(B) make recommendations to the President with respect there-
to; 
(3) to develop and recommend to the President national policies to 
foster and promote the improvement of environmental quality to meet 
the conservation, social, economic, health, and other requirements and 
goals of the Nation; 
(4) to conduct investigations, studies, surveys, research, and analyses 
relating to environmental quality; 
(5) to— 
(A) document and define changes in the natural environment, 
including the plant and animal systems; and 
(B) accumulate necessary data and other information for a con-
tinuing analysis of those changes or trends and an interpretation 
of their underlying causes; 
(6) to report at least once each year to the President on the state 
and condition of the environment; and 
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(7) to make and furnish such studies, reports thereon, and rec-
ommendations with respect to matters of policy and legislation as the 
President may request. 
§ 105305. Consultation with Citizens’ Advisory Committee 
on Environmental Quality and other representa-
tives 
In exercising its powers, functions, and duties under this chapter, the 
Council shall— 
(1) consult with such representatives of science, industry, agri-
culture, labor, conservation organizations, State and local governments 
and other groups, as the Council considers advisable; and 
(2) utilize, to the fullest extent possible, the services, facilities, and 
information (including statistical information) of public and private 
agencies and organizations, and individuals, in order that duplication 
of effort and expense may be avoided, thus ensuring that the Council’s 
activities will not unnecessarily overlap or conflict with similar activities 
authorized by law and performed by established agencies. 
§ 105306. Full-time service; compensation 
(a) FULL-TIME SERVICE.—A member of the Council shall serve full time. 
(b) COMPENSATION.— 
(1) CHAIRMAN.—The Chairman of the Council shall be compensated 
at the rate provided for Level II of the Executive Schedule Pay Rates 
under section 5313 of title 5. 
(2) OTHER MEMBERS.—A member of the Council other than the 
Chairman shall be compensated at the rate provided for Level IV of 
the Executive Schedule Pay Rates under section 5315 of title 5. 
§ 105307. Acceptance of travel reimbursement 
The Council may accept reimbursement from any private nonprofit orga-
nization or from any Federal, State, or local government agency for the rea-
sonable travel expenses incurred by an officer or employee of the Council 
in connection with the officer or employee’s attendance at any conference, 
seminar, or similar meeting conducted for the benefit of the Council. 
§ 105308. Expenditures for international activities 
The Council may make expenditures in support of its international activi-
ties, including expenditures for— 
(1) international travel; 
(2) activities in implementation of international agreements; and 
(3) the support of international exchange programs in the United 
States and in foreign countries. 
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§ 105309. Authorization of appropriations 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this chapter 
$1,000,000 for each fiscal year. 
Chapter 107—Environmental Quality 
Improvement 
Sec. 
107101.
Definitions. 
107102.
Findings, declarations, and purposes. 
107103.
Office of Environmental Quality. 
107104.
Office of Environmental Quality Management Fund. 
§ 107101. Definitions 
In this chapter: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director of the Of-
fice. 
(2) FUND.—The term ‘‘Office of Environmental Quality Manage-
ment Fund’’ means the Office of Environmental Quality Management 
Fund established under section 107104 of this title. 
(3) OFFICE.—The term ‘‘Office’’ means the Office of Environmental 
Quality established under section 107103 of this title. 
§ 107102. Findings, declarations, and purposes 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) man has caused changes in the environment; 
(2) many of those changes may affect the relationship between man 
and his environment; and 
(3) population increases and urban concentration contribute directly 
to pollution and the degradation of our environment. 
(b) DECLARATIONS.— 
(1) NATIONAL POLICY.—Congress declares that there is a national 
policy for the environment that provides for the enhancement of envi-
ronmental quality. That policy is evidenced by statutes enacted relating 
to the prevention, abatement, and control of environmental pollution, 
water and land resources, transportation, and economic and regional 
development. 
(2) RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION.—The primary responsi-
bility for implementing that policy rests with State and local govern-
ment. 
(3) REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.—The Federal Government encour-
ages and supports implementation of that policy through appropriate 
regional organizations established under law. 
(c) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this chapter are— 
(1) to ensure that each Federal agency conducting or supporting 
public works activities that affect the environment shall implement the 
policies established under law; and 
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(2) to authorize an Office of Environmental Quality, which, notwith-
standing any other provision of law, shall provide the professional and 
administrative staff for the Council on Environmental Quality. 
§ 107103. Office of Environmental Quality 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT; DIRECTOR; DEPUTY DIRECTOR.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Executive Office 
of the President the Office of Environmental Quality. 
(2) DIRECTOR.—The Chairman of the Council on Environmental 
Quality shall be the Director of the Office. 
(3) DEPUTY DIRECTOR.—There shall be in the Office a Deputy Di-
rector who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate. 
(b) COMPENSATION OF DEPUTY DIRECTOR.—The compensation of the 
Deputy Director shall be fixed by the President at a rate not in excess of 
the annual rate of compensation payable to the Deputy Director of the Of-
fice of Management and Budget. 
(c) EMPLOYMENT OF OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, EXPERTS, AND CONSULT-
ANTS; COMPENSATION.—The Director may employ such officers and em-
ployees (including experts and consultants) as may be necessary to enable 
the Office to carry out its functions under this chapter and chapter 105, 
except that the Director may employ not more than 10 specialists and other 
experts without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments 
in the competitive service and pay such specialists and experts without re-
gard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of 
that title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, but no 
such specialist or expert shall be paid at a rate in excess of the maximum 
rate payable under section 5376 of title 5. 
(d) DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF DIRECTOR.—In carrying out the Direc-
tor’s functions, the Director shall assist and advise the President on policies 
and programs of the Federal Government affecting environmental quality 
by— 
(1) providing the professional and administrative staff and support 
for the Council on Environmental Quality; 
(2) assisting Federal agencies in appraising the effectiveness of exist-
ing and proposed facilities, programs, policies, and activities of the 
Federal Government, and specific major projects designated by the 
President that do not require individual project authorization by Con-
gress, that affect environmental quality; 
(3) reviewing the adequacy of existing systems for monitoring and 
predicting environmental changes in order to achieve effective coverage 
and efficient use of research facilities and other resources; 
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(4) promoting the advancement of scientific knowledge of the effects 
of actions and technology on the environment and encouraging the de-
velopment of the means to prevent or reduce adverse effects that en-
danger the health and well-being of man; 
(5) assisting in coordinating among Federal agencies programs and 
activities that affect, protect, and improve environmental quality; 
(6) assisting Federal agencies in the development and interrelation-
ship of environmental quality criteria and standards established 
through the Federal Government; and 
(7) collecting, collating, analyzing, and interpreting data and infor-
mation on environmental quality, ecological research, and evaluation. 
(e) AUTHORITY OF DIRECTOR TO CONTRACT.—The Director may con-
tract with public or private agencies, institutions, and organizations and 
with individuals without regard to subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 
of title 31 or section 6101 of title 5 in carrying out the Director’s functions. 
§ 107104. Office of Environmental Quality Management 
Fund 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT; FINANCING OF STUDY CONTRACTS AND FEDERAL 
INTERAGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS.—There is established an Office 
of Environmental Quality Management Fund to receive advance payments 
from other agencies or accounts that may be used solely to finance— 
(1) study contracts that are jointly sponsored by the Office and 1 
or more other Federal agencies; and 
(2) Federal interagency environmental projects (including task 
forces) in which the Office participates. 
(b) STUDY CONTRACT OR PROJECT INITIATIVE.—Any study contract or 
project that is to be financed under subsection (a) may be initiated only 
with the approval of the Director. 
(c) REGULATIONS.—The Director shall promulgate regulations setting 
forth policies and procedures for operation of the Fund. 
Chapter 109—Environmental Research, 
Development, and Demonstration 
Subchapter I—Provisions Enacted by the Environmental Research, Devel-
opment, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978 
Sec. 
109101.
Expenditure of funds for research and development related to regulatory program 
activities. 
109102.
Science Advisory Board. 
109103.
Identification and coordination of research, development, and demonstration activi-
ties. 
109104.
Reporting of financial interests of EPA officers and employees. 
Subchapter II—Provisions Enacted by the Environmental Research, Devel-
opment, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1979 
109201.
Grants to qualified citizens groups. 
109202.
Miscellaneous reports. 
109203.
Staff management. 
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ard or limitation under section 211112(d) of this title, stand-
ard under section 211112(f) of this title, or regulation under 
subsection (l) or (m) of section 211112 of this title; 
(iv) the promulgation of any requirement for solid waste 
combustion under section 211128 of this title; 
(v) the promulgation or revision of any regulation per-
taining to any fuel or fuel additive under section 221111 of 
this title; 
(vi) the promulgation or revision of any aircraft emission 
standard under section 223102 of this title; 
(vii) the promulgation or revision of any regulation under 
subdivision 5; 
(viii) promulgation or revision of regulations under subdivi-
sion 7; 
(ix) promulgation or revision of regulations under chapter 
213; 
(x) promulgation or revision of regulations under section 
221102 of this title and test procedures for new motor vehi-
cles or engines under section 221106 of this title, and the re-
vision of a standard under section 221102(a)(3) of this title; 
(xi) promulgation or revision of regulations for noncompli-
ance penalties under section 211119 of this title; 
(xii) promulgation or revision of any regulations promul-
gated under section 221107 of this title; 
(xiii) action of the Administrator under section 211125 of 
this title; 
(xiv) the promulgation or revision of any regulation per-
taining to consumer and commercial products under section 
215204(e) of this title; 
(xv) the promulgation or revision of any regulation per-
taining to field citations under section 211113(e)(3) of this 
title; 
(xvi) the promulgation or revision of any regulation per-
taining to urban buses or the clean-fuel vehicle, clean-fuel 
fleet, and clean fuel programs under chapter 225; 
(xvii) the promulgation or revision of any regulation per-
taining to nonroad engines or nonroad vehicles under section 
221113 of this title; 
(xviii) the promulgation or revision of any regulation relat-
ing to motor vehicle compliance program fees under section 
221115 of this title; 
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