•HCON 16 IH 
ties with Mali, Malawi, Uganda, Lesotho, Namibia, Mau-
ritania, Sierra Leone, and Cote d’Ivoire, in exchange for 
support of Iran’s nuclear ambitions; 
Whereas in exchange for strengthened energy and trade ties, 
as well as in recognition of Iran’s support for the African 
National Congress during the apartheid era, South Africa 
frequently has intervened on behalf of Iran at the United 
Nations Security Council in defense of Iran’s nuclear am-
bitions; 
Whereas Iran also is seeking to align itself more closely with 
fellow despots and ‘‘outposts of tyranny’’ on the African 
Continent; 
Whereas Iran is among the top four arms suppliers to the 
genocidal regime in Khartoum, and, upon visiting Khar-
toum in March 2007, Iran’s defense minister reportedly 
asserted that developing military ties with Africa and the 
‘‘especially brotherly and friendly country of Sudan, is on 
top of Iran’s foreign policy agenda’’; 
Whereas Zimbabwe’s embattled dictator, Robert Mugabe, re-
portedly was hailed as a hero while visiting Tehran in 
2006, proclaiming ‘‘Iran and Zimbabwe think alike’’, se-
curing Iran’s pledge to shield Zimbabwe from sanctions 
before the United Nations Security Council, and inking 
deals 
to 
boost 
energy 
cooperation, 
rehabilitate 
Zimbabwe’s oil refinery, and expand agricultural ties; 
Whereas after signing four deals to expand bilateral ties with 
Eritrea in May 2008, Iran’s leader announced that there 
was ‘‘no limit for expansion of mutual cooperation’’ be-
tween Iran and Eritrea and that ‘‘fostering friendship 
and cooperation among countries that are independent as 
well as peace and justice-loving is vital for ensuring inter-
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•HCON 16 IH 
national peace and cooperation’’, even as Eritrean forces 
were launching a military incursion into neighboring 
Djibouti; 
Whereas up to 2,000 members of the United States Armed 
Forces currently are stationed at Camp Lemonier in 
Djibouti as part of the Combined Joint Task Force— 
Horn of Africa (CJTF–HOA) to promote regional sta-
bility and prevent conflict in the region; 
Whereas in August 2006, the Sunday Times (UK) published 
a report outlining Iran’s efforts to smuggle uranium 238 
from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, citing a July 
18, 2006, report by the United Nations Group of Experts 
and interviews with Tanzanian customs officials who dis-
covered the shipment; 
Whereas while the motivations behind Tehran’s adventurism 
in Africa may vary widely between seeking diplomatic al-
lies among members of the Non-aligned Movement, to 
countering the dominance of Sunni Muslims in the re-
gion, to establishing new or expanding existing bases for 
Hezbollah and other militant Islamist groups, to increas-
ing access to Africa’s vast natural resources, including 
uranium, the threat that Iran poses on the continent 
must not be overlooked; 
Whereas the African continent faces unique development and 
security challenges which demand significant attention 
and unique policy approaches; 
Whereas the United States provides nearly $9,000,000,000 in 
assistance to Africa each year, with programs ranging 
from providing humanitarian relief to strengthening 
health and education systems, breaking down trade bar-
riers and promoting economic development, combating 
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•HCON 16 IH 
corruption and other illicit activities, and promoting crit-
ical democratic, judicial, and human rights reforms; 
Whereas United States military security assistance programs 
in Africa represent about 3 percent of the United States 
total aid and development package for Africa; 
Whereas a number of African countries have engaged with 
the United States in efforts to combat terrorism, deny 
terrorist sanctuary, and disrupt terrorist financing, 
through programs such as the Tran-Sahara Counterter-
rorism Partnership (TSCTP), and the East Africa 
Counterterrorism Initiative (EACTI); 
Whereas a number of African countries also have embarked 
upon efforts to counter the influence of radical Islamist 
ideology by promoting religious tolerance and intercom-
munal dialogue; 
Whereas according to the African Union, ‘‘International ter-
rorism over the past decade has come to constitute the 
most serious threat to global peace, security and develop-
ment. . . . This unfortunate development and all its evil 
manifestations around the world and particularly in Afri-
ca, undermine the most cherished values and funda-
mental principles of the 21st century’’, and ‘‘The African 
Union strongly condemns all acts and forms of terrorism 
in Africa and wherever they may occur’’; 
Whereas in February 2007, the President announced his de-
cision to create a unified command for Africa, the United 
States Africa Command (AFRICOM), in an effort to 
‘‘[build] partnership capacities, [conduct] theater security 
cooperation, [build] important counter-terrorism skills 
and, as appropriate, [support] U.S. Government agencies 
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•HCON 16 IH 
in implementing other programs that promote regional 
stability’’; and 
Whereas while AFRICOM is expected to support, not shape, 
United States foreign policy in Africa, communicating the 
purposes of AFRICOM to African governments and citi-
zens remains an important challenge: Now, therefore, be 
it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That Congress— 
(1) recognizes the threat that the spread of rad-
ical Islamist terrorism and Iranian adventurism in 
Africa poses to the United States, our allies, and in-
terests; 
(2) acknowledges the commitment and coopera-
tion of some governments and regional organizations 
in Africa to deny the use of their territory to radical 
Islamist terrorist organizations and calls on all gov-
ernments to intensify their efforts toward that end; 
(3) expresses concern over the emerging na-
tional security implications of the Iranian regime’s 
efforts to expand its influence in Africa; 
(4) calls on the United States Government to 
work with governments in Africa to pursue an 
antiterrorism campaign based on mutual cooperation 
and constant vigilance; 
(5) urges the United States Government to 
work bilaterally and multilaterally with countries in 
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•HCON 16 IH 
Africa to help them create antiterrorism legislation 
that would give governmental authorities new tools 
to take action against terrorist networks; 
(6) recommends that the President of the 
United States create more mechanisms for joint 
counterterrorism operations and intraregional infor-
mation sharing among supportive countries in Afri-
ca, especially in light of Iran’s increased involvement 
in the region; and 
(7) urges the new, unified Combatant Com-
mand for Africa (AFRICOM) to play a constructive 
role in coordinating United States security objectives 
in the region in close cooperation with our African 
partners. 
Æ 
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