I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6484 
To protect the safety of minors on the internet, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 5, 2025 
Mr. BILIRAKIS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To protect the safety of minors on the internet, and for 
other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Kids Online Safety Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
Sec. 3. Preventing harm to minors. 
Sec. 4. Safeguards for minors. 
Sec. 5. Disclosure. 
Sec. 6. Audit; report. 
Sec. 7. Enforcement. 
Sec. 8. Kids Online Safety Council. 
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Sec. 9. Rules of construction. 
Sec. 10. Relationship to State laws. 
Sec. 11. Effective date. 
Sec. 12. Severability. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) CHILD.—The term ‘‘child’’ means an indi-
vidual who is under the age of 13. 
(2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 
means the Federal Trade Commission. 
(3) COMPULSIVE USAGE.—The term ‘‘compul-
sive usage’’ means a persistent and repetitive use of 
a covered platform that substantially limits one or 
more major life activities of an individual (described 
in section 3(2) of the Americans with Disabilities 
Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102(2))). 
(4) COVERED PLATFORM.—The term ‘‘covered 
platform’’ means a platform that is a website, soft-
ware, application, or electronic service connected to 
the internet that— 
(A) is publicly available for use by con-
sumers; 
(B) enables the creation of a username or 
user identifier— 
(i) that is searchable on the platform; 
and 
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(ii) that can be followed by or is simi-
larly accessible to other users of the plat-
form; 
(C) as the predominant purpose of the 
platform, facilitates the sharing and access to 
user-generated content through text, images, 
video, audio, or any other interactive medium; 
(D) uses a design
feature to promote 
user engagement on the platform; and 
(E) uses the personal information of the 
user to advertise, market, or make content rec-
ommendations. 
(5) DESIGN FEATURE.—The term ‘‘design fea-
ture’’— 
(A) means any feature or component of a 
covered platform that encourages or increases 
the frequency, time spent, or activity of a user 
on the covered platform; and 
(B) includes any of the following: 
(i) Infinite scrolling or auto play. 
(ii) Rewards or incentives based on 
the frequency, time spent, or activity of a 
user on the covered platform. 
(iii) Notifications and push alerts. 
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(iv) Badges or other visual award 
symbols based on the frequency, time 
spent, or activity of a minor on the covered 
platform. 
(v) Appearance altering filters. 
(6) KNOW; KNOWS.—The term ‘‘know’’ or 
‘‘knows’’ means to have actual knowledge or to have 
acted in willful disregard. 
(7) MINOR.—The term ‘‘minor’’ means an indi-
vidual who is under the age of 17. 
(8) NARCOTIC
DRUG.—The term ‘‘narcotic 
drug’’ has the meaning given that term in section 
102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802). 
(9) PARENT.—The term ‘‘parent’’ means the 
legal guardian of a minor. 
(10) 
PERSONAL
INFORMATION.—The 
term 
‘‘personal information’’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 1302 of the Children’s Online Pri-
vacy Protection Act of 1998 (15 U.S.C. 6501). 
(11) PHYSICAL VIOLENCE.—The term ‘‘physical 
violence’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘crime of 
violence’’ under section 16 of title 18, United States 
Code. 
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(12) SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE.—The 
term ‘‘sexual exploitation and abuse’’ means any of 
the following: 
(A) Any offense, including coercion and en-
ticement, as described in section 2422 of title 
18, United States Code. 
(B) Child pornography, as defined in sec-
tion 2256 of title 18, United States Code. 
(C) Trafficking for the production of im-
ages, as described in section 2251 of title 18, 
United States Code. 
(D) Any offense described in section 1591 
of title 18, United States Code. 
(13) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
each commonwealth, territory, or possession of the 
United States, and each federally recognized Indian 
Tribe. 
(14) USER.—The term ‘‘user’’ means, with re-
spect to a covered platform, an individual who reg-
isters an account or creates a profile on the covered 
platform. 
(15) VERIFIABLE
PARENTAL
CONSENT.—The 
term ‘‘verifiable parental consent’’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 1302 of the Children’s 
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may be construed to require a covered platform to 
prevent or preclude any minor from— 
(A) deliberately and independently search-
ing for, or specifically requesting, content; or 
(B) accessing resources and information 
regarding the prevention or mitigation of the 
harms described in subsection (a). 
(2) FIRST AMENDMENT.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed to allow a government entity 
to enforce subsection (a) based upon the viewpoint 
of users expressed by or through any speech, expres-
sion, or information protected by the First Amend-
ment to the Constitution of the United States. 
SEC. 4. SAFEGUARDS FOR MINORS. 
(a) SAFEGUARDS FOR MINORS.— 
(1) SAFEGUARDS.—A covered platform shall 
provide a user or visitor to the covered platform, 
that the covered platform knows is a minor, with 
readily accessible and easy-to-use safeguards to, as 
applicable, do each of the following: 
(A) Limit the ability of other users or visi-
tors to communicate with the minor. 
(B) Limit by default design features that 
result in compulsive usage of the covered plat-
form by the minor. 
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(2) OPTION.—A covered platform shall provide 
a user that the covered platform knows is a minor 
with a readily accessible and easy-to-use option to 
limit the amount of time spent by the minor on the 
covered platform. 
(3) DEFAULT SAFEGUARD SETTINGS FOR MI-
NORS.—A covered platform shall provide that, in the 
case of a user or visitor that the platform knows is 
a minor, the default setting for any safeguard de-
scribed under paragraph (1) is the option available 
on the platform that provides the most protective 
level of control that is offered by the platform with 
respect to privacy and safety for that user or visitor. 
(b) PARENTAL TOOLS.— 
(1) TOOLS.—A covered platform shall provide 
readily accessible and easy-to-use parental tools for 
parents to support a user that the platform knows 
is a minor with respect to the use of the platform 
by that user. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The parental tools pro-
vided by a covered platform under paragraph (1) in-
clude each of the following: 
(A) The ability to manage the privacy and 
account settings of a minor, including any safe-
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guard and option established under subsection 
(a), in a manner that allows parents to— 
(i) view the privacy and account set-
tings; and 
(ii) in the case of a user that the plat-
form knows is a child, change and control 
the privacy and account settings. 
(B) The ability to restrict purchases and 
financial transactions by the minor, if applica-
ble. 
(C) The ability to view metrics of total 
time spent on the covered platform and restrict 
time spent on the covered platform by the 
minor. 
(3) NOTICE TO MINORS.—A covered platform 
shall provide clear and conspicuous notice to a user 
when the tools described in this subsection are in ef-
fect and what settings or controls have been applied. 
(4) DEFAULT TOOLS FOR CHILDREN.—In the 
case of a user that the platform knows is a child, a 
covered platform shall enable the tools required 
under paragraph (1) by default. 
(5) APPLICATION TO EXISTING ACCOUNTS.—If, 
before the effective date of this subsection, a covered 
platform provides a parent of a user that the plat-
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form knows is a child with notice and the ability to 
enable the parental tools described under this sub-
section in a manner that would otherwise comply 
with this subsection, and the parent opted out of en-
abling such tools, the covered platform is not re-
quired to enable such tools with respect to such user 
by default on and after the date on which this sub-
section takes effect. 
(c) REPORTING MECHANISM.— 
(1) REPORTING
TOOLS.—A covered platform 
shall provide each of the following: 
(A) A readily accessible and easy-to-use 
means for a user and visitor to a covered plat-
form to submit a report to the covered platform 
of any harm to a minor related to use of the 
covered platform. 
(B) An electronic point of contact specific 
to matters involving harms to a minor. 
(C) Confirmation of the receipt of such re-
port and, within the applicable time period de-
scribed in paragraph (2), a substantive response 
to the individual that submitted the report. 
(2) TIMING.—A covered platform shall establish 
an internal process to receive and substantively re-
spond to a report submitted under paragraph (1) in 
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a reasonable and timely manner, but in no case later 
than— 
(A) 10 days after the date on which the re-
port is received; and 
(B) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if 
the report involves an imminent threat to the 
safety of a minor, as promptly as needed to ad-
dress the reported threat to safety. 
(d) ADVERTISING OF ILLEGAL PRODUCTS.—A cov-
ered platform shall not facilitate the advertising of nar-
cotic drugs, cannabis products, tobacco products, gam-
bling, or alcohol to an individual that the covered platform 
knows is a minor. 
(e) RULES OF APPLICATION.— 
(1) ACCESSIBILITY.—With respect to safe-
guards and parental tools described under sub-
sections (a) and (b), a covered platform shall provide 
each of the following: 
(A) Information and control options in a 
clear and conspicuous manner that takes into 
consideration the differing ages, capacities, and 
developmental needs of the minors most likely 
to access the covered platform and does not en-
courage minors or parents to weaken or disable 
safeguards or parental tools. 
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(B) Readily accessible and easy-to-use con-
trols to enable or disable safeguards or parental 
tools, as appropriate. 
(C) Information and control options in the 
same language, form, and manner as the cov-
ered platform provides the product or service 
used by minors and their parents. 
(2) TIMING CONSIDERATIONS; APPLICATION OF 
CHANGES TO OFFLINE DEVICES OR ACCOUNTS.—If 
the device of a user or user account does not have 
access to the internet at the time of a change to pa-
rental tools, a covered platform shall apply changes 
the next time the device or user is connected to the 
internet. 
(f) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed to do any of the following: 
(1) Prevent a covered platform from taking rea-
sonable measures to— 
(A) block, detect, or prevent the distribu-
tion of unlawful, obscene, or other harmful ma-
terial to minors as described in section 3(a); or 
(B) block or filter spam, prevent criminal 
activity, or protect the security of a platform or 
service. 
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(2) Require the disclosure of the browsing be-
havior, search history, messages, contact list, or 
other content or metadata of the communications of 
a minor. 
(3) Prevent a covered platform from entering 
into an agreement with a third party, whose primary 
or exclusive function is to provide the safeguards or 
parental tools required under subsections (a) and (b) 
or to assist with meeting the requirements described 
under subsections (a) and (b). 
(4) Prevent a parent or user from authorizing 
a third party described in subparagraph (3) to im-
plement such safeguards or parental tools required 
under subsections (a) and (b). 
SEC. 5. DISCLOSURE. 
(a) NOTICE.— 
(1) REGISTRATION OR PURCHASE.—Before any 
registration or purchase on a covered platform by an 
individual that the platform knows is a minor, the 
platform shall provide clear, conspicuous, and easy- 
to-understand notice on each of the following: 
(A) The policies and practices of the cov-
ered platform with respect to safeguards for mi-
nors. 
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(B) Information about how to access the 
safeguards and parental tools required under 
section 4. 
(2) NOTIFICATION.— 
(A) NOTICE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT.—In 
the case of an individual that a covered plat-
form knows is a child, the platform shall pro-
vide information about the parental tools and 
safeguards required under section 4 to a parent 
of the child and obtain verifiable parental con-
sent. 
(B) REASONABLE
EFFORT.—A covered 
platform shall be deemed to have satisfied the 
requirement described in subparagraph (A) if 
the covered platform is in compliance with the 
requirements of the Children’s Online Privacy 
Protection Act of 1998 (15 U.S.C. 6501 et 
seq.) to use reasonable efforts (taking into con-
sideration available technology) to provide a 
parent with the information described in sub-
paragraph (A) and to obtain verifiable parental 
consent. 
(3) CONSOLIDATED NOTICES.—For purposes of 
this section, a covered platform may consolidate the 
process for providing information and obtaining 
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verifiable parental consent or the consent of the 
minor involved (as applicable) required under this 
subsection with the obligations of the covered plat-
form to provide relevant notice and obtain verifiable 
parental consent under the Children’s Online Pri-
vacy Protection Act of 1998. 
(b) ADVERTISING
AND MARKETING INFORMATION 
AND LABELS.—A covered platform shall provide clear, 
conspicuous, and easy-to-understand labels and informa-
tion, which may be provided through a link to another web 
page or disclosure, to minors on advertisements regarding 
the disclosure of endorsements of products, services, or 
brands made for commercial consideration by other users 
of the platform. 
SEC. 6. AUDIT; REPORT. 
(a) AUDIT REQUIRED.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually there-
after, a covered platform shall have an independent, third- 
party auditor conduct an independent, third-party audit 
of the covered platform. 
(b) AUDIT SPECIFICATIONS.— 
(1) CRITERIA.—In conducting an audit required 
by subsection (a), an independent, third-party audi-
tor shall do the following: 
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(A) Consider widely accepted or evidence- 
based approaches, best practices, frameworks, 
and methods related to the measures, safe-
guards for minors, and parental tools required 
under this Act. 
(B) Consider widely accepted or evidence- 
based approaches, best practices, frameworks, 
and methods related to identifying, preventing, 
and mitigating the harms to minors listed in 
section 3(a) of this Act. 
(C) Consult with parents (including par-
ents with relevant experience), public health 
and mental health nonprofit organizations, 
health and development organizations, and ex-
perts in freedom of expression about methods to 
identify, prevent, and mitigate such harms. 
(2) CONTENTS.—An audit required by sub-
section (a) shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of the extent to which 
the relevant covered platform is likely to be 
accessed by minors, including differences be-
tween children and teens. 
(B) An accounting of the following: 
(i) The number of users using such 
covered platform that such covered plat-
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form knows to be minors located in the 
United States. 
(ii) The median and mean amounts of 
time spent on such covered platform by 
such users during the year in which such 
audit is conducted. 
(iii) A description of the policies, 
practices, and procedures implemented to 
address the harms described in section 3. 
(iv) The number of times that the 
safeguards for minors described in section 
4(a) have been exercised during the year in 
which such audit is conducted. 
(v) The number of times that the pa-
rental tools described in section 4(b) have 
been exercised during the year in which 
such audit is conducted. 
(vi) The number of reports received 
by such covered platform through the re-
porting mechanism described in section 
4(c) during the year in which such audit is 
conducted. 
(C) A description of such safeguards for 
minors and parental tools that are available to 
minors and parents on such covered platform. 
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(D) A description of how such covered 
platform handles reports received through such 
reporting mechanism, including the rate of re-
sponse to such a report and the timeliness and 
substantiveness of any such response. 
(E) A description of whether, how, and for 
what purpose such covered platform collects or 
processes categories of personal information of 
minors. 
(F) If the covered platform has a process 
used to create, implement, or evaluate the im-
pact of a design feature of the covered platform 
used by minors, a description of such process. 
(3) COOPERATION BY COVERED PLATFORM.—A 
covered platform shall facilitate an audit of the cov-
ered platform required by subsection (a) by doing 
the following: 
(A) Provide or otherwise make available to 
the independent, third-party auditor that con-
ducts such audit all information and materials 
in the possession, custody, or control of such 
covered platform relevant to such audit. 
(B) Provide or otherwise make available to 
such auditor access to all networks, systems, 
and assets relevant to such audit. 
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(C) Disclose all material facts to such 
auditor and not misrepresent any material fact. 
(c) REPORT TO COMMISSION.—Not later than 30 
days after the date on which an audit required by sub-
section (a) is completed, the relevant covered platform 
shall submit to the Commission the results of the audit. 
SEC. 7. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) ENFORCEMENT BY COMMISSION.— 
(1) UNFAIR
OR
DECEPTIVE
ACTS
OR
PRAC-
TICES.—A violation of this Act shall be treated as 
a violation of a regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 
57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or deceptive acts or 
practices. 
(2) POWERS
OF
COMMISSION.—The Commis-
sion shall enforce this Act in the same manner, by 
the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, 
powers, and duties as though all applicable terms 
and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act 
(15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and 
made a part of this Act. Any person who violates 
this Act shall be subject to the penalties and entitled 
to the privileges and immunities provided in the 
Federal Trade Commission Act. 
(b) ACTIONS BY STATES.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—In any case in which the at-
torney general of a State, or an official or agency of 
a State, has reason to believe that an interest of the 
residents of such State has been or is threatened or 
adversely affected by an act or practice in violation 
of this Act, the State, as parens patriae, may bring 
a civil action on behalf of the residents of the State 
in an appropriate State court or an appropriate dis-
trict court of the United States to— 
(A) enjoin such act or practice; 
(B) enforce compliance with this Act; 
(C) obtain damages, restitution, or other 
compensation on behalf of residents of the 
State; or 
(D) obtain such other legal and equitable 
relief as the court may consider to be appro-
priate. 
(2) NOTICE.—Before filing an action under this 
subsection, the attorney general, official, or agency 
of the State involved shall provide to the Commis-
sion a written notice of such action and a copy of 
the complaint for such action. If the attorney gen-
eral, official, or agency determines that it is not fea-
sible to provide the notice described in this para-
graph before the filing of the action, the attorney 
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general, official, or agency shall provide written no-
tice of the action and a copy of the complaint to the 
Commission immediately upon the filing of the ac-
tion. 
(3) AUTHORITY OF COMMISSION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—On receiving notice 
under paragraph (2) of an action under this 
subsection, the Commission shall have the 
right— 
(i) to intervene in the action; and 
(ii) upon so intervening— 
(I) to be heard on all matters 
arising therein; and 
(II) to file petitions for appeal. 
(B) LIMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE 
FEDERAL ACTION IS PENDING.—If the Commis-
sion or the Attorney General of the United 
States has instituted a civil action for violation 
of this Act (referred to in this subparagraph as 
the ‘‘Federal action’’), no State attorney gen-
eral, official, or agency may bring an action 
under this subsection during the pendency of 
the Federal action against any defendant 
named in the complaint in the Federal action 
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for any violation of this Act alleged in such 
complaint. 
(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of 
bringing a civil action under this subsection, nothing 
in this Act shall be construed to prevent an attorney 
general, official, or agency of a State from exercising 
the powers conferred on the attorney general, offi-
cial, or agency by the laws of such State to conduct 
investigations, administer oaths and affirmations, or 
compel the attendance of witnesses or the production 
of documentary and other evidence. 
SEC. 8. KIDS ONLINE SAFETY COUNCIL. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Commerce 
shall establish a Kids Online Safety Council (in this sec-
tion referred to as the ‘‘Council’’). 
(b) DUTIES.—The duties of the Council shall be to 
submit to Congress reports with recommendations and ad-
vice on matters related to the safety of minors online, in-
cluding the following: 
(1) An identification of risks, including emerg-
ing risks, for minors who engage with covered plat-
forms. 
(2) An identification of the benefits for minors 
who engaged with covered platforms. 
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(3) Recommendations with respect to methods 
for assessing, preventing, and mitigating harms to 
minors online. 
(4) Recommendations with respect to methods 
and themes for research regarding harms to minors 
online. 
(5) Recommendations with respect to best prac-
tices and clear, consensus-based standards for the 
reports and audits required under this Act, including 
best practices and standards with respect to meth-
ods, criteria, and scope that promote accountability. 
(c) PARTICIPATION.—In appointing members under 
subsection (c), the Secretary shall seek to ensure that the 
Council includes representatives of the following: 
(1) Academic experts with specific expertise in 
the prevention of harms to minors online. 
(2) Researchers with specific expertise with re-
spect to social media. 
(3) Parents and minors with demonstrated ex-
perience with respect to the safety of minors online. 
(4) Educators with demonstrated experience 
with respect to the safety of minors online. 
(5) Covered platforms. 
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(6) Experts in academia and civil society with 
specific expertise in constitutional law, privacy, free 
expression, access to information, and civil liberties. 
(7) State attorneys general or designees thereof 
who work in State or local government. 
(d) TIMING OF APPOINTMENTS.—Each appointment 
under subsection (c) shall be made not later than the date 
that is 180 days after the date on which this Act takes 
effect (as specified in section 14). 
(e) TERMS; VACANCIES.—Each member of the Coun-
cil shall be appointed for the life of the Council and a 
vacancy in the Council shall be filled in the manner in 
which the original appointment was made. 
(f) CHAIR; VICE CHAIR.—The Council, once fully ap-
pointed, shall select a Chair and Vice Chair of the Council. 
(g) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the 
date on which this Act takes effect (as specified in section 
14), the Council shall submit to Congress a final report 
that includes the following: 
(1) A detailed statement of the findings and 
conclusions of the Council with respect to the rec-
ommendations and advice described in subsection 
(b). 
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(2) The dissenting opinions of any member of 
the Council who does not support the findings and 
conclusions described in paragraph (1). 
(3) Any recommendations for legislative or ad-
ministrative actions to address the online safety of 
minors. 
(h) TERMINATION.—The Council shall terminate on 
the date that is 30 days after the date on which the Coun-
cil submits the final report of the Council under subsection 
(h). 
(i) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FACA.—Chapter 10 of 
title 5, United States Code, does not apply to the Council. 
SEC. 9. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 
(a) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—Nothing in 
this Act may be construed to— 
(1) limit or impair the Children’s Online Pri-
vacy Protection Act of 1998 (15 U.S.C. 6501 et 
seq.) or any rule or regulation promulgated under 
such Act; 
(2) authorize any action in conflict with section 
18(h) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
U.S.C. 57a(h)); or 
(3) expand, limit the scope of, or alter the 
meaning of section 230 of the Communications Act 
of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230). 
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(b) COMPLIANCE.—Nothing in this Act may be con-
strued to restrict the ability of a covered platform to— 
(1) cooperate with a law enforcement agency re-
garding activity that the covered platform reasonably 
and in good faith believes may violate a Federal, 
State, or local law, rule, or regulation; 
(2) comply with a lawful civil, criminal, or regu-
latory inquiry, subpoena, or summons from a Fed-
eral, State, local, or other government authority; 
(3) investigate, establish, exercise, respond to, 
or defend against a legal claim; 
(4) prevent, detect, or respond to security inci-
dents, identity theft, fraud, harassment, or any other 
malicious, deceptive, or illegal activity; or 
(5) investigate or report an individual or entity 
responsible for an activity described in paragraph 
(4). 
(c) PROTECTIONS FOR PRIVACY.—Nothing in this 
Act may be construed to require the affirmative collection 
of any personal information with respect to the age of 
users that a covered platform is not already collecting in 
the normal course of business. 
SEC. 10. RELATIONSHIP TO STATE LAWS. 
No State or political subdivision of a State may pre-
scribe, maintain, or enforce any law, rule, regulation, re-
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quirement, standard, or other provision having the force 
and effect of law, if such law, rule, regulation, require-
ment, standard, or other provision relates to the provisions 
of this Act. 
SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act 
shall take effect on the date that is 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 12. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or the application of this 
Act to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the re-
maining provisions of this Act and the application of this 
Act to other persons or circumstances shall not be af-
fected. 
Æ 
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