332 
sufficient to achieve the specific annual reductions in carbon monoxide 
emissions set forth in the plan by the attainment date. 
(e) MULTI-STATE CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAINMENT AREAS.— 
(1) DEFINITION OF MULTI-STATE CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAIN-
MENT AREA.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘multi-State carbon mon-
oxide nonattainment area’’ means a single carbon monoxide nonattain-
ment area that is located in more than 1 State. 
(2) COORDINATION AMONG STATES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A State in which there is located a portion 
of a multi-State carbon monoxide nonattainment area shall take 
all reasonable steps to coordinate, substantively and procedurally, 
the provisions and implementation of State implementation plans 
applicable to the multi-State carbon monoxide nonattainment area. 
(B) NO PLAN PROVISION APPROVAL ABSENT COMPLIANCE.— 
The Administrator shall not approve any provision of a State im-
plementation plan submitted under this chapter for a State in 
which part of a volatile organic compound located if the plan pro-
vision for that State fails to comply with the requirements of this 
paragraph. 
(3) FAILURE
TO
DEMONSTRATE
ATTAINMENT.—If any State in 
which there is located a portion of a multi-State carbon monoxide non-
attainment area fails to provide a demonstration of attainment of the 
NAAQS for carbon monoxide in that portion within the period required 
under this chapter, the State may petition the Administrator to make 
a finding that the State would have been able to make such a dem-
onstration but for the failure of 1 or more other States in which other 
portions of the multi-State carbon monoxide nonattainment area are lo-
cated to commit to the implementation of all measures required under 
this section. If the Administrator makes such a finding, in the portion 
of the multi-State carbon monoxide nonattainment area within the 
State submitting the petition, no sanction shall be imposed under sec-
tion 215111 of this title or under any other provision of this division 
by reason of the failure to make such a demonstration. 
(f) RECLASSIFIED AREAS.—Each State containing a carbon monoxide 
nonattainment area reclassified under section 215302(b)(2) of this title 
shall meet the requirements of subsection (b), as may be applicable to the 
area as reclassified, according to the schedules prescribed in connection with 
those requirements, except that the Administrator may adjust any applica-
ble deadlines (other than the attainment date) where such deadlines are 
shown to be infeasible. 
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(g) FAILURE OF SERIOUS AREA TO ATTAIN STANDARD.—If the Adminis-
trator determines under section 215302(b)(2) of this title that the primary 
NAAQS for carbon monoxide has not been attained in a serious area by 
the applicable attainment date, the State shall submit a plan revision for 
the area within 9 months after the date of the determination. The plan revi-
sion shall provide that a program of incentives and requirements as de-
scribed in section 215203(g)(4) of this title shall be applicable in the area, 
and the program, in combination with other elements of the revised plan, 
shall be adequate to reduce the total tonnage of emissions of carbon mon-
oxide in the area by at least 5 percent per year in each year after approval 
of the plan revision and before attainment of the primary NAAQS for car-
bon monoxide. 
Subchapter IV—Additional Provisions for 
Particulate Matter Nonattainment Areas 
§ 215401. Definitions 
In this subchapter: 
(1) MODERATE AREA.—The term ‘‘moderate area’’ means an area 
that is classified as a moderate PM–10 nonattainment area under sec-
tion 215402(a) of this title. 
(2) SERIOUS AREA.—The term ‘‘serious area’’ means an area that 
is reclassified as a serious PM–10 nonattainment area under section 
215402(b) of this title. 
§ 215402. Classifications and attainment dates 
(a) INITIAL CLASSIFICATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Every area designated nonattainment for PM–10 
pursuant to section 211107(d) of this title shall be classified at the 
time of such designation, by operation of law, as a moderate PM–10 
nonattainment area at the time of the designation. 
(2) NOTICE.—At the time of publication of the notice under section 
211107(d)(4) of this title for each PM–10 nonattainment area, the Ad-
ministrator shall publish a notice announcing the classification of such 
area. Section 215102(a)(1)(B) of this title shall apply with respect to 
such a classification. 
(b) RECLASSIFICATION AS A SERIOUS AREA.— 
(1) RECLASSIFICATION BEFORE ATTAINMENT DATE.—The Adminis-
trator may reclassify as a serious PM–10 nonattainment area any area 
that the Administrator determines cannot practicably attain the 
NAAQS for PM–10 by the attainment date (as prescribed in subsection 
(c)) for moderate areas. 
(2) RECLASSIFICATION ON FAILURE TO ATTAIN.—Within 6 months 
following the applicable attainment date for a PM–10 nonattainment 
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area, the Administrator shall determine whether the area attained the 
standard by that date. If the Administrator finds that any moderate 
area is not in attainment after the applicable attainment date— 
(A) the area shall be reclassified by operation of law as a seri-
ous area; and 
(B) the Administrator shall publish a notice in the Federal Reg-
ister not later than 6 months following the attainment date, identi-
fying the area as having failed to attain and identifying the reclas-
sification described under subparagraph (A). 
(c) ATTAINMENT DATES.—Except as provided under subsection (d), the 
attainment dates for PM–10 nonattainment areas shall be as follows: 
(1) MODERATE AREAS.—For a moderate area, the attainment date 
shall be as expeditiously as practicable but not later than the end of 
the 6th calendar year after the area’s designation as nonattainment, 
except that, for areas designated nonattainment for PM–10 under sec-
tion 211107(d)(4) of this title, the attainment date shall not extend be-
yond December 31, 1994. 
(2) SERIOUS AREAS.—For a serious area, the attainment date shall 
be as expeditiously as practicable but not later than the end of the 10th 
calendar year beginning after the area’s designation as nonattainment, 
except that, for areas designated nonattainment for PM–10 under sec-
tion 211107(d)(4) of this title, the date shall not extend beyond De-
cember 31, 2001. 
(d) EXTENSION OF ATTAINMENT DATE FOR MODERATE AREAS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—On application by any State, the Administrator 
may extend for 1 additional year (referred to in this subsection as an 
‘‘extension year’’) the date specified in subsection (c)(1) if— 
(A) the State has complied with all requirements and commit-
ments pertaining to the area in the applicable implementation 
plan; and 
(B) not more than 1 exceedance of the 24-hour NAAQS level 
for PM–10 has occurred in the area in the year preceding the ex-
tension year, and the annual mean concentration of PM–10 in the 
area for the extension year is less than or equal to the standard 
level. 
(2) LIMITATION.—Not more than 2 one-year extensions may be 
issued under this subsection for a single nonattainment area. 
(e) EXTENSION OF ATTAINMENT DATE FOR SERIOUS AREAS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—On application by any State, the Administrator 
may extend the attainment date for a serious area beyond the date 
specified under subsection (c) if— 
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(A) attainment by the date established under subsection (c) 
would be impracticable; 
(B) the State has complied with all requirements and commit-
ments pertaining to the serious area in the implementation plan; 
and 
(C) the State demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Adminis-
trator that the plan for the serious area includes the most strin-
gent measures that— 
(i) are included in the implementation plan of any State or 
are achieved in practice in any State; and 
(ii) can feasibly be implemented in the serious area. 
(2) PLAN PROVISION.—At the time of an application under para-
graph (1), the State shall submit an implementation plan provision that 
includes a demonstration of attainment by the most expeditious alter-
native date practicable. 
(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining whether to grant an exten-
sion, and the appropriate length of time for any such extension, the 
Administrator may consider— 
(A) the nature and extent of nonattainment; 
(B) the types and numbers of sources or other emitting activi-
ties in the serious area (including the influence of uncontrollable 
natural sources and transboundary emissions from foreign coun-
tries); 
(C) the population exposed to concentrations in excess of the 
standard; 
(D) the presence and concentration of potentially toxic sub-
stances in the mix of particulate emissions in the area; and 
(E) the technological and economic feasibility of various control 
measures. 
(4) ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION.—The Administrator may not ap-
prove an extension until the State submits an attainment demonstra-
tion for the area. 
(5) LIMITATION.—The Administrator may grant not more than 1 ex-
tension for a serious area, of not more than 5 years. 
(f) WAIVERS FOR CERTAIN SERIOUS AREAS.—The Administrator may, on 
a case-by-case basis, waive any requirement applicable to any serious area 
under this subchapter where the Administrator determines that anthropo-
genic sources of PM–10 do not contribute significantly to the violation of 
the PM–10 standard in the area. The Administrator may also waive a spe-
cific date for attainment of the standard where the Administrator deter-
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