rity hazards described in paragraphs (2) and (3), by 
providing relevant quantitative and nonquantitative 
threat information; 
‘‘(5) leverage existing and emerging homeland se-
curity capabilities and structures, including fusion 
centers established pursuant to section 210A, to en-
hance prevention, protection, response, and recovery 
efforts with respect to a chemical, biological, radio-
logical, or nuclear attack; 
‘‘(6) share information and provide tailored ana-
lytical support on these threats to State, local, and 
tribal authorities as well as other national biosecurity 
and biodefense stakeholders; and 
‘‘(7) perform other responsibilities, as assigned 
by the Secretary. 
‘‘(b) COORDINATION.—Where appropriate, the Office of 
Intelligence and Analysis shall coordinate with other rel-
evant Department components, others in the Intelligence 
Community, including the National Counter Proliferation 
Center, and other Federal, State, local, and tribal authori-
ties, including officials from high-threat areas, and enable 
such entities to provide recommendations on optimal infor-
mation sharing mechanisms, including expeditious sharing 
of classified information, and on how they can provide in-
formation to the Department. 
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‘‘(c) REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this section and annually 
thereafter, the Secretary shall report to the appro-
priate congressional committees on— 
‘‘(A) the intelligence and information shar-
ing activities under subsection (a) and of all rel-
evant entities within the Department to counter 
the threat from weapons of mass destruction; and 
‘‘(B) the Department’s activities in accord-
ance with relevant intelligence strategies, includ-
ing the National Intelligence Strategy for Coun-
tering the Threat from Weapons of Mass Destruc-
tion and the National Intelligence Strategy for 
Countering Biological Threats. 
‘‘(2) ASSESSMENT
OF
IMPLEMENTATION.—The 
report shall include— 
‘‘(A) a description of methods established to 
assess progress of the Office of Intelligence and 
Analysis in implementing this section; and 
‘‘(B) such assessment. 
‘‘SEC. 2102. RISK ASSESSMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Under Secretary for Science and Technology, shall, in co-
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ordination with relevant Department components and other 
appropriate Federal departments and agencies— 
‘‘(1) produce and update periodically a ter-
rorism risk assessment of chemical, biological, radio-
logical, and nuclear threats; and 
‘‘(2) produce and update periodically an inte-
grated terrorism risk assessment that assesses all of 
those threats and compares them against one another 
according to their relative risk. 
‘‘(b) METHODOLOGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) convene an interagency task force of 
relevant subject matter experts to assess the pro-
posed methodology to be used for assessments re-
quired under subsection (a), and to provide rec-
ommendations to the Secretary as to the ade-
quacy of such methodology; 
‘‘(B) conduct sensitivity analysis on each 
assessment to identify and prioritize research ac-
tivities to close knowledge gaps; and 
‘‘(C) consider the evolving threat from an 
intelligent adversary. 
‘‘(2) INCLUSION IN ASSESSMENT.—Each assess-
ment under subsection (a) shall include a description 
of the methodology used for the assessment. 
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‘‘(c) USAGE.—The assessments required under sub-
section (a) shall be used to inform and guide risk manage-
ment decisions, including— 
‘‘(1) the threat assessments and determinations 
by the Secretary regarding agents and toxins pursu-
ant to section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service 
Act; 
‘‘(2) allocation of resources for research and de-
velopment for chemical, biological, radiological, and 
nuclear attack prevention, protection, response, and 
recovery; 
‘‘(3) prioritization of medical countermeasure re-
search, development, acquisition, and distribution ac-
tivities and other national strategic biodefense re-
search; 
‘‘(4) tailored risk assessments and risk mitiga-
tion studies, as appropriate, on topics such as radio-
logical materials security or the economic risks of a 
biological attack; and 
‘‘(5) other homeland security activities as deter-
mined appropriate by the Secretary and the heads of 
other agencies. 
‘‘(d) INPUT AND SHARING.—The Secretary shall, for 
each assessment required under subsection (a)— 
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‘‘(1) seek input from national biosecurity and 
biodefense stakeholders, and other Federal, State, 
local, and tribal officials involved in efforts to pre-
vent, protect, respond to, and recover from chemical, 
biological, radiological, and nuclear threats; 
‘‘(2) ensure that written procedures are in place 
to guide the interagency development of the assess-
ments, including for input, review, and implementa-
tion purposes, among relevant Federal partners; 
‘‘(3) share the risk assessments with Federal, 
State, local and tribal officials with appropriate secu-
rity clearances and a need for the information in the 
classified version; and 
‘‘(4) to the maximum extent practicable, make 
available an unclassified version for Federal, State, 
local, and tribal officials involved in prevention and 
preparedness for chemical, biological, radiological, 
and nuclear events. 
‘‘(e) WRITTEN PROCEDURES.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish written procedures for appropriate usage of the as-
sessments required under subsection (a), including— 
‘‘(1) a description of the types of departmental 
activities for which the assessments should be consid-
ered; 
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‘‘(2) the extent to which the findings of the as-
sessments should play a role in such activities; 
‘‘(3) the point in planning processes at which the 
assessments should be considered; and 
‘‘(4) how users can access expertise within the 
Department to aid in interpretation of the results of 
the assessments. 
‘‘SEC. 2103. NATIONAL EXPORT ENFORCEMENT COORDINA-
TION. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be maintained in 
the Department the Export Enforcement Coordination Cen-
ter, with capability for national export enforcement coordi-
nation that is managed by the Secretary and coordinates 
the export enforcement activities among the Department, 
the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Com-
merce, the Department of Defense, the Department of En-
ergy, the Department of Justice, the Department of State, 
the Department of the Treasury, the Intelligence Commu-
nity, and other Federal agencies as appropriate. 
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Center shall— 
‘‘(1) enhance Federal coordination for law en-
forcement counterproliferation investigations, includ-
ing coordination and deconfliction with intelligence 
counterproliferation activities; 
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‘‘(2) address licensing inquiries, reviews, re-
quests, checks, and verifications; and 
‘‘(3) conduct outreach and provide training to 
the export trade community. 
‘‘SEC. 2104. COMMUNICATION OF THREAT INFORMATION. 
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
‘‘(1) The Commission on the Prevention of 
Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Ter-
rorism recommended that ‘the Federal Government 
should practice greater openness of public information 
so that citizens better understand the threat and the 
risk this threat poses to them’. 
‘‘(2) There are unique challenges for community 
preparedness for attacks from weapons of mass de-
struction. 
‘‘(b) COMMUNICATIONS PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall develop 
a communications plan designed to provide informa-
tion to the public related to preventing, preparing for, 
responding to, and recovering from chemical, biologi-
cal, radiological, and nuclear attacks; 
‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—As appropriate, the Ad-
ministrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency shall consult with State, local, and tribal au-
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thorities and coordinate with other Federal depart-
ments and agencies in developing the communications 
plans under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(3) PRE-SCRIPTED
MESSAGES
AND
MESSAGE 
TEMPLATES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
shall develop and disseminate, through an alerts 
and warnings system, pre-scripted messages and 
message templates for State, local, and tribal au-
thorities so that those authorities can quickly 
and rapidly disseminate critical information to 
the public in anticipation of, during, or in the 
immediate aftermath of a chemical, biological, 
radiological, and nuclear attack, and to be in-
cluded in the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity’s lessons learned information sharing sys-
tem. 
‘‘(B) DEVELOPMENT
AND
DESIGN.—The 
pre-scripted messages or message templates 
shall— 
‘‘(i) be developed in consultation with 
State, local, and tribal authorities and in 
coordination with other appropriate Federal 
departments and agencies; 
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‘‘(ii) be designed to provide accurate, 
essential, and appropriate information and 
instructions to the population directly af-
fected by an incident, including informa-
tion regarding an evacuation, sheltering in 
place, hospital surge operations, health, and 
safety; 
‘‘(iii) be designed to provide accurate, 
essential, and appropriate information and 
instructions to children and other special 
needs populations within the population di-
rectly affected by an incident; 
‘‘(iv) be designed to provide accurate, 
essential, and appropriate information and 
instructions to emergency response pro-
viders and medical personnel responding to 
an incident; and 
‘‘(v) include direction for the coordina-
tion of Federal, State, local, and tribal com-
munications teams. 
‘‘(C) COMMUNICATIONS FORMATS.—The Ad-
ministrator shall develop pre-scripted messages 
or message templates under this paragraph in 
multiple formats to ensure delivery— 
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‘‘(i) in cases where the usual commu-
nications infrastructure is unusable; 
‘‘(ii) to individuals with disabilities or 
other special needs and individuals with 
limited English proficiency; and 
‘‘(iii) to educational and childcare fa-
cilities, including daycare centers, grade 
schools, universities, hospitals, and elderly 
care facilities. 
‘‘(D) DISSEMINATION AND TECHNICAL AS-
SISTANCE.—The Administrator shall ensure that 
all pre-scripted messages and message templates 
developed under this paragraph are made avail-
able to State, local, and tribal authorities so that 
those authorities may incorporate them, as ap-
propriate, into their emergency plans. The Ad-
ministrator shall also make available relevant 
technical assistance to those authorities to sup-
port communications planning. 
‘‘(E) EXERCISES.—To ensure that the pre- 
scripted messages or message templates developed 
under this paragraph can be effectively utilized 
in a disaster or incident, the Administrator shall 
incorporate Federal, State, local, and tribal com-
munications teams that deliver such pre-scripted 
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messages or message templates into exercises, in-
cluding those conducted under the National Ex-
ercise Program. 
‘‘(4) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this subsection, the Adminis-
trator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees the communications plans required to be devel-
oped under this subsection, including pre-scripted 
messages or message templates developed in conjunc-
tion with the plans and a description of the means 
that will be used to deliver these messages during such 
incidents. 
‘‘(c) TERRORISM THREAT AWARENESS.— 
‘‘(1) TERRORISM
THREAT
AWARENESS.—The 
Secretary, in coordination with the Attorney General 
and heads of appropriate Federal agencies, shall for 
purposes of preparedness and collective response to 
terrorism and for other purposes— 
‘‘(A) ensure that homeland security infor-
mation concerning terrorist threats is provided 
to State, local, and tribal authorities and the 
public within the United States, as appropriate; 
and 
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‘‘(B) establish a process to optimize oppor-
tunities for qualified heads of State, local, and 
tribal government entities to obtain appropriate 
security clearances so that they may receive clas-
sified threat information when appropriate. 
‘‘(2) THREAT BULLETINS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Consistent with the re-
quirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, 
on a timely basis, prepare unclassified threat 
bulletins on chemical, biological, radiological, 
and nuclear threats. 
‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Each assessment re-
quired under subparagraph (A) shall— 
‘‘(i) include guidance to the public for 
preventing and responding to acts of ter-
rorism arising from such threats; and 
‘‘(ii) be made available on the Internet 
Web site of the Department and other pub-
licly accessible Internet Web sites, commu-
nication systems, and information net-
works. 
‘‘(3) GUIDANCE TO STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL 
AUTHORITIES.—The Secretary, using information 
provided by the terrorism risk assessments under sec-
tion 2102 and material threat assessments and deter-
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minations under the Project BioShield Act of 2004 
(Public Law 108–276) and the amendments made by 
that Act— 
‘‘(A) shall provide to State, local, and tribal 
authorities written guidance on communicating 
terrorism-related threats and risks to the public 
within their jurisdictions; and 
‘‘(B) shall identify and articulate the gov-
ernmental rationale for identifying particular 
communities as being at heightened risk of ex-
ploitation. 
‘‘(4) USE OF EXISTING RESOURCES.—The Sec-
retary shall use Internet Web sites, communication 
systems, and information networks in operation on 
the date of an assessment under this subsection, and 
shall coordinate with other heads of Federal depart-
ments and agencies to provide information through 
existing channels to satisfy the requirements of para-
graph (2)(B)(ii). The Secretary shall provide guid-
ance on how State, local, tribal, and private entities 
can partner with public television stations to dissemi-
nate information provided by the Department and 
shall provide information on best practices on dis-
seminating information to residents of local commu-
nities, including leveraging public television stations. 
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‘‘SEC. 2105. INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS 
FOR CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, 
AND NUCLEAR ATTACKS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Administrator for the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency, shall assist State, local, and tribal authorities in 
improving and promoting individual and community pre-
paredness and collective response to terrorist attacks involv-
ing chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear materials 
against the United States by— 
‘‘(1) developing guidance and checklists of rec-
ommended actions for individual and community 
prevention and preparedness efforts and dissemi-
nating such guidance and checklists to communities 
and individuals; 
‘‘(2) updating new and existing guidance and 
checklists as appropriate; 
‘‘(3) disseminating to communities and individ-
uals the guidance developed under section 2131, as 
appropriate; 
‘‘(4) providing information and training mate-
rials in support of individual and community pre-
paredness efforts; 
‘‘(5) conducting individual and community pre-
paredness outreach efforts; and 
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‘‘(6) such other actions as the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
‘‘(b) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall coordinate 
with Federal departments and agencies and with private 
sector and nongovernmental organizations to promote indi-
vidual and community preparedness and collective response 
to terrorist attacks involving chemical, biological, radio-
logical, and nuclear materials against the United States. 
‘‘(c) BEST PRACTICES.—In compiling guidance for in-
dividual and community preparedness in order to carry out 
subsection (a)(4), the Secretary shall give due regard to best 
practices based on the experience of other agencies and 
countries and the expertise of academic institutions and 
nongovernmental organizations. 
‘‘Subtitle B—Protection 
‘‘SEC. 2121. DETECTION OF BIOLOGICAL ATTACKS. 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall carry out a pro-
gram to detect a biological attack or event that poses a high 
risk to homeland security. Through such program, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(1) deploy detection capabilities to areas, based 
on high risks identified by Department assessments, 
to indicate the presence of biological agents; 
‘‘(2) consider multiple deployment strategies in-
cluding surge capability; 
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‘‘(3) provide information to participating lab-
oratories and programs for their use in monitoring 
public health, and biological material or other data 
from those detectors to participating laboratories and 
programs for testing and evaluation; 
‘‘(4) regularly communicate with, and provide 
information about the presence of biological agents to, 
appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies respon-
sible for public health, law enforcement, and emer-
gency services, in a manner that ensures trans-
parency with the governments served by such per-
sonnel; 
‘‘(5) provide advanced planning tools, concepts of 
operations (including alarm resolution protocols and 
response guidance), standard operating procedures, 
and training exercises (including in collaboration 
with relevant national level exercises) for collective re-
sponse to and recovery from biological attacks; and 
‘‘(6) provide technical assistance to jurisdictions 
hosting the program to improve their ability to re-
spond to a detected pathogen. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—Under the program 
required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) enter into memoranda of agreement or 
interagency agreements under the Economy Act of 
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1933 (31 U.S.C. 1535 et seq.) with the Director of the 
Centers of Disease Control and Prevention and the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy, and the heads of other Federal departments and 
agencies, setting forth roles and responsibilities, in-
cluding with respect to validating performance and 
developing testing protocols for participating labora-
tories and coordination with appropriate State, local, 
and tribal agencies; 
‘‘(2) establish criteria for determining whether 
plans for biological detector capabilities and coverage 
sufficiently protect the United States population, and 
make such determinations on an annual basis; 
‘‘(3) acting through the Under Secretary for 
Science and Technology, and in consultation with the 
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Pre-
vention, implement a process for establishing assay 
performance standards and evaluation for equiva-
lency for biological threat assays, that— 
‘‘(A) evaluates biological threat detection as-
says, their protocols for use, and their associated 
response algorithms for confirmation of biologi-
cal threat agents, taking performance measures 
and concepts of operation into consideration; 
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‘‘(B) develops interagency peer-reviewed 
assay performance and equivalency standards 
based on the findings of the evaluation under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(C) requires implementation of the stand-
ards developed under subparagraph (B) for all 
Department biological detection programs; 
‘‘(D) promotes use of such standards among 
all other Federal biological detection programs 
and makes them available to the private sector 
and other end-users as appropriate; and 
‘‘(E) is updated as necessary; 
‘‘(4) prior to obligating funds to acquire bio-
detection systems for purposes of operational testing 
and evaluation, require— 
‘‘(A) a determination of the sensitivity and 
specificity of the currently deployed biodetection 
system; 
‘‘(B) an assessment of the sensitivity and 
specificity of the next generation biodetection 
system or systems under consideration for acqui-
sition and whether it meets established oper-
ational requirements; 
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‘‘(C) provision of all raw data to the 
Science and Technology Directorate to enable the 
Under Secretary to— 
‘‘(i) conduct a trade-off study com-
paring the results of subparagraphs (A) and 
(B); and 
‘‘(ii) perform a technical readiness as-
sessment in accordance with section 308(b); 
and 
‘‘(D) that the findings under subparagraph 
(C) inform the cost-benefit analysis under para-
graph (5)(A) and any Departmental acquisition 
review board decision regarding the biodetection 
system or systems under consideration; and 
‘‘(5) prior to acquiring and deploying biodetec-
tion technology, require— 
‘‘(A) a cost-benefit analysis, including an 
analysis of alternatives, that shall be informed 
by the terrorism risk assessments under section 
2102; 
‘‘(B) operational testing and evaluation; 
‘‘(C) operational assessment by the end 
users of the technology; and 
‘‘(D) the Department, other relevant execu-
tive agencies, and local jurisdictions intended to 
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host the systems to agree on concepts of oper-
ations for resolving alarms. 
‘‘(c) CONTRACT
AUTHORITY.—The Secretary may 
enter into contracts with participating laboratories and 
programs for— 
‘‘(1) the provision of laboratory services or other 
biosurveillance activities as appropriate for purposes 
of this section on a fee-for-service basis or on a pre-
payment or other similar basis; and 
‘‘(2) administrative and other costs related to 
hosting program personnel and equipment in these 
laboratories or programs. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘participating laboratory’ means 
a laboratory that has been accepted as a member of 
the Laboratory Response Network for Biological Ter-
rorism that— 
‘‘(A) is fully equipped to detect and respond 
quickly to acts of biological terrorism; 
‘‘(B) provides biocontainment and micro-
biological analysis in support of the Department 
and relevant law enforcement agencies with re-
sponsibilities for investigating biological inci-
dents; and 
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‘‘(C) supports assay evaluation, research 
and development. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘assay’ means any scientific test 
that is designed to detect the presence of a biological 
threat agent that is of a type selected under criteria 
established by the Secretary. 
‘‘SEC. 2122. RAPID BIOLOGICAL THREAT DETECTION AND 
IDENTIFICATION AT PORTS OF ENTRY. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall require the Under Secretary for Science and Tech-
nology, in consultation with the heads of other relevant 
operational components of the Department of Homeland Se-
curity, to assess whether the development of technological 
screening capabilities for biological agents, pandemic influ-
enza, and other infectious diseases should be undertaken by 
the Directorate of Science and Technology to support entry 
and exit screening at ports of entry and for other homeland 
security purposes. 
‘‘(b) DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS.—If the Under Sec-
retary determines that the development of such screening 
capabilities should be undertaken, the Secretary shall, to the 
extent possible, initiate development of safe and effective 
methods to— 
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‘‘(1) rapidly screen incoming persons at ports of 
entry for biological agents, pandemic influenza, and 
other infectious diseases; and 
‘‘(2) obtain results of such screening near the 
point of entry. 
‘‘SEC. 2123. EVALUATING DETECTION TECHNOLOGY. 
‘‘To inform the purchase of detection technology, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, may carry out a 
program to— 
‘‘(1) establish near-term minimum performance 
metrics to support public safety actionable activities, 
based to the greatest extent practicable on voluntary 
consensus standards, to evaluate the effectiveness of 
detection technology for high-priority biological agents 
and toxins and high-priority chemical agents; 
‘‘(2) establish a process for voluntary testing and 
evaluation of technology by an accredited laboratory 
to demonstrate conformance to such consensus stand-
ards, or performance metrics if standards do not 
exist, for the effective detection of high-priority bio-
logical agents and toxins and high-priority chemical 
agents, including incentivization for the program 
through potential cost sharing with technology manu-
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