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of electricity from natural gas power systems or dur-
ing the generation of hydrogen from natural gas. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT
OF RESEARCH, DEVELOP-
MENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program under which the Secretary shall, 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, award 
grants to eligible entities to conduct research, devel-
opment, and demonstration of qualifying tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(2) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the pro-
gram established under paragraph (1) shall be— 
‘‘(A) to conduct research to accelerate the 
development of qualifying technologies to reduce 
the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions re-
leased from qualifying electric generation facili-
ties, including— 
‘‘(i) pre- and post-combustion capture 
technologies; and 
‘‘(ii) technologies to improve the ther-
modynamics, kinetics, scalability, dura-
bility, and flexibility of carbon capture 
technologies for use during the generation 
of electricity from natural gas power sys-
tems; 
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‘‘(B) to expedite and carry out demonstra-
tion projects (including pilot projects) for quali-
fying technologies in partnership with quali-
fying electric generation facilities in order to 
demonstrate the technical feasibility and eco-
nomic potential for commercial deployment of 
technologies developed pursuant to subpara-
graph (A); and 
‘‘(C) to identify any barriers to the com-
mercial deployment of any qualifying tech-
nologies under development pursuant to re-
search conducted pursuant to subparagraph 
(A). 
‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.— An entity eligible 
to receive a grant under this subsection is— 
‘‘(A) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(B) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(C) a research facility; 
‘‘(D) a multi-institutional collaboration; or 
‘‘(E) another appropriate entity or com-
bination of any of the entities specified in sub-
paragraphs (A) through (D). 
‘‘(c) CARBON CAPTURE FACILITIES DEMONSTRATION 
PROGRAM.— 
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‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—As part of the pro-
gram established under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall establish a demonstration program under which 
the Secretary shall, through a competitive, merit-re-
viewed process, enter into cooperative agreements 
with entities that submit applications pursuant to 
paragraph (4) for demonstration or pilot projects to 
construct and operate, by not later than September 
30, 2025, up to five facilities to capture carbon diox-
ide from qualifying electric generation facilities. The 
Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
provide technical assistance to any entity seeking to 
enter into such a cooperative agreement in obtaining 
any necessary permits and licenses to demonstrate 
qualifying technologies. 
‘‘(2) COOPERATIVE
AGREEMENTS.—The Sec-
retary may enter into a cooperative agreement under 
this subsection with industry stakeholders, including 
any such industry stakeholder operating in partner-
ship with National Laboratories, institutions of high-
er education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(3) GOALS.—Each demonstration or pilot 
project carried out pursuant to the demonstration 
program under this subsection shall— 
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‘‘(A) be designed to further the develop-
ment of qualifying technologies that may be 
used by a qualifying electric generation facility; 
‘‘(B) be financed in part by the private 
sector; 
‘‘(C) if necessary, secure agreements for 
the offtake of carbon dioxide emissions captured 
by qualifying technologies during the project; 
and 
‘‘(D) support energy production in the 
United States. 
‘‘(4) REQUEST FOR APPLICATIONS.—Not later 
than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall solicit applications for coop-
erative agreements for projects— 
‘‘(A) to demonstrate qualifying tech-
nologies at up to five qualifying electric genera-
tion facilities; and 
‘‘(B) to construct and operate three or 
more facilities to capture carbon dioxide from a 
qualifying electric generation facility. 
‘‘(5) REVIEW
OF
APPLICATIONS.—In consid-
ering applications submitted under paragraph (4), 
the Secretary, to the maximum extent practicable, 
shall— 
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‘‘(A) ensure a broad geographic distribu-
tion of project sites; 
‘‘(B) ensure that a broad selection of 
qualifying electric generation facilities are rep-
resented; 
‘‘(C) ensure that a broad selection of quali-
fying technologies are represented; 
‘‘(D) require information and knowledge 
gained by each participant in the demonstration 
program to be transferred and shared among 
all participants in the demonstration program; 
and 
‘‘(E) leverage existing— 
‘‘(i) public-private partnerships; and 
‘‘(ii) Federal resources. 
‘‘(d) COST SHARING.—In carrying out this section, 
the Secretary shall require cost sharing in accordance with 
section 988. 
‘‘(e) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date on which the Secretary solicits applications under 
subsection (c)(3), and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of jurisdiction 
of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report 
that includes— 
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‘‘(1) a detailed description of how applications 
for cooperative agreements under subsection (b) will 
be solicited and evaluated, including— 
‘‘(A) a list of any activities carried out by 
the Secretary to solicit or evaluate applications; 
and 
‘‘(B) a process for ensuring that any 
projects carried out under a cooperative agree-
ment are designed to result in the development 
or demonstration of qualifying technologies; 
‘‘(2)(A) in the case of the first report under 
this subsection, a detailed list of technical milestones 
for the development and demonstration of each 
qualifying technology pursued under subsection (b); 
and 
‘‘(B) in the case of each subsequent report 
under this subsection, the progress made towards 
achieving such technical milestones during the pe-
riod covered by the report; and 
‘‘(3) with respect to the demonstration program 
established under subsection (c), includes— 
‘‘(A) an estimate of the cost of licensing, 
permitting, constructing, and operating each 
carbon capture facility expected to be con-
structed under that demonstration program; 
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‘‘(B) a schedule for the planned construc-
tion and operation of each demonstration or 
pilot project; and 
‘‘(C) an estimate of any financial assist-
ance, compensation, or incentives proposed to 
be paid by the host State, Indian Tribe, or local 
government with respect to each facility. 
‘‘(f) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000, to remain 
available until expended, for each of fiscal years 2021 
through 2025.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 
119 Stat. 600) is amended by inserting after the item re-
lating to section 968 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969. Natural gas carbon capture research, development, and demonstra-
tion program.’’. 
SEC. 3105. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
Section 963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16293) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 963. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
‘‘(a) CARBON STORAGE.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, shall carry out a program of research, devel-
opment, and demonstration for carbon storage. The pro-
gram shall— 
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‘‘(1) in coordination with relevant Federal agen-
cies, develop and maintain mapping tools and re-
sources that assess the capacity of geologic storage 
formations in the United States; 
‘‘(2) develop monitoring tools, modeling of geo-
logic formations, and analyses to predict and verify 
carbon dioxide containment and account for seques-
tered carbon dioxide in geologic storage sites; 
‘‘(3) research potential environmental, safety, 
and health impacts in the event of a leak to the at-
mosphere or to an aquifer, and any corresponding 
mitigation actions or responses to limit harmful con-
sequences; 
‘‘(4) evaluate the interactions of carbon dioxide 
with formation solids and fluids, including the pro-
pensity of injections to induce seismic activity; 
‘‘(5) assess and ensure the safety of operations 
related to geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(6) determine the fate of carbon dioxide con-
current with and following injection into geologic 
formations; 
‘‘(7) support cost and business model assess-
ments to examine the economic viability of tech-
nologies and systems developed under this program; 
and 
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‘‘(8) provide information to State, local, and 
Tribal governments, the Environmental Protection 
Agency, and other appropriate entities, to support 
development of a regulatory framework for commer-
cial-scale sequestration operations that ensure the 
protection of human health and the environment. 
‘‘(b) GEOLOGIC SETTINGS.—In carrying out research 
activities under this section, the Secretary shall consider 
a variety of candidate geologic settings, both onshore and 
offshore, including— 
‘‘(1) operating oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(2) depleted oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(3) residual oil zones; 
‘‘(4) unconventional reservoirs and rock types; 
‘‘(5) unmineable coal seams; 
‘‘(6) saline formations in both sedimentary and 
basaltic geologies; 
‘‘(7) geologic systems that may be used as engi-
neered reservoirs to extract economical quantities of 
brine from geothermal resources of low permeability 
or porosity; and 
‘‘(8) geologic systems containing in situ carbon 
dioxide mineralization formations. 
‘‘(c) REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION PARTNER-
SHIPS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out large-scale carbon sequestration demonstrations 
for geologic containment of carbon dioxide to collect 
and validate information on the cost and feasibility 
of commercial deployment of technologies for the 
geologic containment of carbon dioxide. The Sec-
retary may fund new demonstrations or expand the 
work completed at one or more of the existing re-
gional carbon sequestration partnerships. 
‘‘(2) 
DEMONSTRATION
COMPONENTS.—Each 
demonstration described in paragraph (1) shall in-
clude longitudinal tests involving carbon dioxide in-
jection and monitoring, mitigation, and verification 
operations. 
‘‘(3) CLEARINGHOUSE.—The National Energy 
Technology Laboratory shall act as a clearinghouse 
of shared information and resources for the regional 
carbon sequestration partnerships and any new dem-
onstrations funded under this section. 
‘‘(4) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall 
provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate a report that— 
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‘‘(A) assesses the progress of all regional 
carbon sequestration partnerships; 
‘‘(B) identifies the remaining challenges in 
achieving carbon sequestration that is reliable 
and safe for the environment and public health; 
and 
‘‘(C) creates a roadmap for Department of 
Energy carbon storage research and develop-
ment activities through 2030 with the goal of 
reducing economic and policy barriers to com-
mercial carbon sequestration. 
‘‘(5) LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATION.— 
For purposes of this subsection, ‘large-scale carbon 
sequestration’ means a scale that demonstrates the 
ability to inject and sequester several million metric 
tons carbon dioxide for at least 10 years. 
‘‘(d) INTEGRATED STORAGE PROJECTS.—The Sec-
retary may carry out a program for the purpose of 
transitioning the large-scale carbon sequestration dem-
onstration projects under subsection (c) into integrated, 
commercial storage complexes. The program shall focus 
on— 
‘‘(1) qualifying geologic storage sites in order to 
accept large volumes of carbon dioxide acceptable for 
commercial contracts; 
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‘‘(2) understanding the technical and commer-
cial viability of storage sites; 
‘‘(3) developing the qualification processes that 
will be necessary for a diverse range of geologic stor-
age sites to commercially accept carbon dioxide; and 
‘‘(4) any other activities the Secretary deter-
mines necessary to transition the large scale dem-
onstration storage projects into commercial ventures. 
‘‘(e) COST SHARING.—The Secretary shall require 
cost sharing under this section in accordance with section 
988. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $620,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $626,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $632,300,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $638,915,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $645,860,750 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
SEC. 3106. CARBON UTILIZATION. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.), as amended 
by this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 970. CARBON UTILIZATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program of research, development, and demonstration for 
carbon utilization. The program shall— 
‘‘(1) assess and monitor potential changes in 
life cycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas 
emissions, and other environmental safety indicators 
of new technologies, practices, processes, or meth-
ods, used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part 
of the activities authorized in section 963 of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16293); 
‘‘(2) identify and evaluate novel uses for car-
bon, including the conversion of carbon oxides, in a 
manner that, on a full life-cycle basis, achieves a 
permanent reduction in, or avoidance of a net in-
crease in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, for use 
in commercial and industrial products, such as— 
‘‘(A) chemicals; 
‘‘(B) plastics; 
‘‘(C) building materials; 
‘‘(D) fuels; 
‘‘(E) cement; 
‘‘(F) products of coal utilization in power 
systems (as such term is defined in section 
962(e)), or other applications; or 
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‘‘(G) other products with demonstrated 
market value; 
‘‘(3) carbon capture technologies for industrial 
systems; 
‘‘(4) identify and assess alternative uses for 
coal that result in no net emissions of carbon dioxide 
or other pollutants, including products derived from 
carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion 
methods. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $31,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $33,075,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $34,729,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $36,465,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(b) STUDY.—The Secretary shall enter into an agree-
ment with the National Academies to conduct a study as-
sessing the barriers, and opportunities related to the com-
mercial application of carbon dioxide in the United States. 
Such study shall— 
(1) analyze the technical feasibility, related 
challenges, and impacts to commercializing carbon 
dioxide, including— 
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(A) creating a national system of carbon 
dioxide pipelines and geologic sequestration 
sites; 
(B) mitigating environmental and land-
owner impacts; and 
(C) regional economic challenges and op-
portunities; 
(2) identify potential markets, industries, or 
sectors that may benefit from greater access to com-
mercial carbon dioxide; 
(3) assess the current state of infrastructure 
and any necessary updates to allow for the integra-
tion of safe and reliable carbon dioxide transpor-
tation, utilization, and storage; 
(4) estimate the economic, climate, and environ-
mental impacts of any well-integrated national car-
bon dioxide pipeline system, including suggestions 
for policies that could improve the economic impact 
of the system; 
(5) assess the global status and progress of car-
bon utilization technologies (both chemical and bio-
logical) in practice today that utilize waste carbon 
(including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, meth-
ane, and biogas) from power generation, biofuels 
production, and other industrial processes that may 
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be important to minimizing net greenhouse gas 
emissions; 
(6) identify emerging technologies and ap-
proaches for carbon utilization that show promise 
for scale-up, demonstration, deployment, and com-
mercialization relevant to minimizing net greenhouse 
gas emissions; 
(7) analyze the factors associated with making 
carbon utilization technologies that may be impor-
tant to minimizing net greenhouse gas emissions via-
ble at a commercial scale, including carbon waste 
stream availability, economics, market capacity, en-
ergy and lifecycle requirements; 
(8) assess the major technical challenges associ-
ated with increasing the commercial viability of car-
bon reuse technologies, and identify the research and 
development questions that will address those chal-
lenges; 
(9) assess current research efforts, including 
engineering and computational, that are addressing 
these challenges and identify gaps in the current re-
search portfolio; and 
(10) develop a comprehensive research agenda 
that addresses both long- and short-term research 
needs and opportunities for technologies that may be 
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important to minimizing net greenhouse gas emis-
sions. 
SEC. 3107. ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.), as amended by this Act, 
is further amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 970A. ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a 
program, with the purpose of reducing emissions from fos-
sil fuel power generation by not less than 50 percent, of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial ap-
plication with respect to the following: 
‘‘(1) High-efficiency turbines in accordance with 
the program under section 970A–1. 
‘‘(2) Supercritical and ultrasupercritical carbon 
dioxide, with an emphasis on developing directly- 
fired and indirectly fired cycles in the next 10 years. 
‘‘(3) Advanced combustion systems, including 
oxy-combustion systems and chemical looping. 
‘‘(4) Fuel cell technologies for low-cost, high-ef-
ficiency, fuel-flexible, modular power systems, includ-
ing solid oxide fuel cell technology for commercial, 
residential, and distributed generation systems, 
using improved manufacturing production and proc-
esses. 
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‘‘(5) Gasification systems to enable carbon cap-
ture, improve efficiency, and reduce capital and op-
erating costs. 
‘‘(6) Thermal cycling with ramping or rapid 
black start capabilities that do not compromise effi-
ciency or environmental performance. 
‘‘(7) Small-scale and modular coal-fired tech-
nologies with reduced carbon outputs or carbon cap-
ture that can support incremental power generation 
capacity additions. 
‘‘(b) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary is encouraged to prioritize 
transformational technologies that enable a step change 
in reduction of emissions as compared to the technology 
in existence on the date of enactment of this section. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section and section 970A–1— 
‘‘(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $157,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $165,375,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $173,643,750 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $182,325,938 for fiscal year 2025. 
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‘‘SEC. 970A–1. HIGH EFFICIENCY GAS TURBINES. 
‘‘(a) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, 
through the Office of Fossil Energy, shall carry out a 
multiyear, multiphase program of research, development, 
and technology demonstration to improve the efficiency of 
gas turbines used in power generation systems and to 
identify the technologies that ultimately will lead to gas 
turbine combined cycle efficiency of 67 percent or simple 
cycle efficiency of 50 percent. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The program under this 
section shall— 
‘‘(1) support first-of-a-kind engineering and de-
tailed gas turbine design for megawatt-scale and 
utility-scale electric power generation, including— 
‘‘(A) high temperature materials, including 
superalloys, coatings, and ceramics; 
‘‘(B) improved heat transfer capability; 
‘‘(C) manufacturing technology required to 
construct complex three-dimensional geometry 
parts with improved aerodynamic capability; 
‘‘(D) combustion technology to produce 
higher firing temperature while lowering nitro-
gen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions per 
unit of output; 
‘‘(E) advanced controls and systems inte-
gration; 
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‘‘(F) advanced high performance com-
pressor technology; and 
‘‘(G) validation facilities for the testing of 
components and subsystems; 
‘‘(2) include technology demonstration through 
component testing, subscale testing, and full-scale 
testing in existing fleets; 
‘‘(3) include field demonstrations of the devel-
oped technology elements so as to demonstrate tech-
nical and economic feasibility; and 
‘‘(4) assess overall combined cycle and simple 
cycle system performance. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM GOALS.—The goals of the multiphase 
program established under subsection (a) shall be— 
‘‘(1) in phase I— 
‘‘(A) to develop the conceptual design of 
advanced high efficiency gas turbines that can 
achieve at least 65-percent combined cycle effi-
ciency or 47-percent simple cycle efficiency on 
a lower heating value basis; and 
‘‘(B) to develop and demonstrate the tech-
nology required for advanced high efficiency gas 
turbines that can achieve at least 65-percent 
combined cycle efficiency or 47-percent simple 
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cycle efficiency on a lower heating value basis; 
and 
‘‘(2) in phase II, to develop the conceptual de-
sign for advanced high efficiency gas turbines that 
can achieve at least 67-percent combined cycle effi-
ciency or 50-percent simple cycle efficiency on a 
lower heating value basis. 
‘‘(d) PROPOSALS.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall so-
licit grant and contract proposals from industry, small 
businesses, universities, and other appropriate parties for 
conducting activities under this Act. In selecting pro-
posals, the Secretary shall emphasize— 
‘‘(1) the extent to which the proposal will stim-
ulate the creation or increased retention of jobs in 
the United States; and 
‘‘(2) the extent to which the proposal will pro-
mote and enhance United States technology leader-
ship. 
‘‘(e) COMPETITIVE AWARDS.—The provision of fund-
ing under this section shall be on a competitive basis with 
an emphasis on technical merit. 
‘‘(f) COST SHARING.—Section 988 of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352) shall apply to an award 
of financial assistance made under this section. 
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‘‘(g) LIMITS ON PARTICIPATION.—The limits on par-
ticipation applicable under section 999E of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16375) shall apply to finan-
cial assistance awarded under this section.’’. 
SEC. 3108. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 970B. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In coordination with the relevant 
Federal agencies, the Secretary shall conduct research to 
develop and assess methods to separate and recover rare 
earth elements and other strategic minerals and coprod-
ucts from coal and coal byproduct streams. The program 
shall— 
‘‘(1) develop advanced rare earth element sepa-
ration and extraction processes using coal-based re-
sources as feedstock materials; 
‘‘(2) assess the technical and economic feasi-
bility of recovering rare earth elements from coal- 
based resources and validate such feasibility with 
prototype systems producing salable, high-purity 
rare earth elements from coal-based resources; and 
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‘‘(3) assess and mitigate any environmental and 
public health impacts of recovering rare earth ele-
ments from coal-based resources. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $23,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $24,150,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $25,357,500 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $26,625,375 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $27,956,644 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
SEC. 3109. METHANE HYDRATE RESEARCH AMENDMENTS. 
(a) REPEAL.—Section 2 of the Methane Hydrate Re-
search and Development Act of 2000 (30 U.S.C. 2001) 
is repealed. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT.—Section 4 of the Methane Hy-
drate Research and Development Act of 2000 (30 U.S.C. 
2003) is amended by striking ‘‘and development’’ in each 
place it occurs. 
(c) IN GENERAL.—Section 4(b) of the Methane Hy-
drate Research and Development Act of 2000 (30 U.S.C. 
2003(b)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(b) GRANTS, CONTRACTS, COOPERATIVE AGREE-
MENTS, INTERAGENCY FUNDS TRANSFER AGREEMENTS, 
AND FIELD WORK PROPOSALS.— 
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‘‘(1) ASSISTANCE AND COORDINATION.—In car-
rying out the program of methane hydrate research 
authorized by this section, the Secretary may award 
grants, or enter into contracts or cooperative agree-
ments to— 
‘‘(A) conduct research to assess and miti-
gate the environmental impact of natural meth-
ane hydrate degassing; 
‘‘(B) conduct research to identify the envi-
ronmental and health impacts of methane hy-
drate development; 
‘‘(C) assess and develop technologies to 
mitigate environmental impacts of natural 
methane hydrate degassing and to mitigate en-
vironmental impacts of the exploration and 
commercial development of methane hydrates, 
including through the avoidance of the use of 
seismic testing; or 
‘‘(D) expand education and training pro-
grams in methane hydrate research through fel-
lowships or other means for graduate education 
and training. 
‘‘(2) ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
AND
RE-
SEARCH.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary, Sec-
retary of Commerce, and Secretary of the Inte-
rior shall conduct a long-term environmental 
monitoring and research program to study 
methane hydrates. 
‘‘(B) NOTICE
AND
COMMENT.—In devel-
oping a plan for long-term environmental moni-
toring and research under subparagraph (A), 
the Secretaries shall publish in the Federal 
Register a notice providing for an opportunity 
for the public to comment on such plan prior to 
conducting monitoring and research under such 
subparagraph. 
‘‘(3) 
COMPETITIVE
PEER
REVIEW.—Funds 
made available to carry out paragraphs (1) and (2) 
shall be made available based on a competitive proc-
ess using external scientific peer review of proposed 
research.’’. 
(d) RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SECRETARY.—Section 
4(e) of the Methane Hydrate Research and Development 
Act of 2000 (30 U.S.C. 2003(e)) is amended to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(e) RESPONSIBILITIES
OF
THE SECRETARY.—In 
carrying out subsection (b)(1), the Secretary shall— 
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‘‘(1) facilitate and develop partnerships among 
government, industrial enterprises, and institutions 
of higher education to research methane hydrates; 
‘‘(2) ensure that the data and information de-
veloped through the program are accessible and 
widely disseminated as needed and appropriate; 
‘‘(3) promote cooperation among agencies that 
are developing technologies that may hold promise 
for methane hydrate research; 
‘‘(4) report annually to Congress on the results 
of actions taken to carry out this chapter; and 
‘‘(5) ensure, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, greater participation by the Department of 
Energy in international cooperative efforts.’’. 
(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 4(e) of 
such Act (30 U.S.C. 2003(e)) is amended in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘subsection (b)(1)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b)’’. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 7 
of such Act (30 U.S.C. 2006) is amended to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out this Act $15,000,000, to remain avail-
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able until expended, for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
2025.’’. 
SEC. 3110. CARBON REMOVAL. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 970C. CARBON REMOVAL. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, in coordina-
tion with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large 
scale. The program may include activities in— 
‘‘(1) direct air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(2) enhanced carbon mineralization; 
‘‘(3) bioenergy with carbon capture and seques-
tration; 
‘‘(4) agricultural and grazing practices; 
‘‘(5) forest management and afforestation; and 
‘‘(6) planned or managed carbon sinks, includ-
ing natural and artificial. 
‘‘(b) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program 
established in subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
prioritize— 
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‘‘(1) the activities described in paragraphs (1) 
and (2) of subsection (a), acting through the Assist-
ant Secretary for Fossil Energy; 
‘‘(2) the activities described in subsection 
(a)(3), acting through the Assistant Secretary for 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the 
Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy; 
‘‘(3) the activities described in subsection 
(a)(4), acting through the Assistant Secretary for 
Fossil Energy in consultation with the Secretary of 
Agriculture; and 
‘‘(4) the activities described in subsection 
(a)(5), acting through the Assistant Secretary for 
Fossil Energy in consultation with the Secretary of 
Agriculture. 
‘‘(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—The program under this 
section shall identify and develop carbon removal tech-
nologies and strategies that consider the following: 
‘‘(1) Land use changes, including impacts on 
natural and managed ecosystems. 
‘‘(2) Ocean acidification. 
‘‘(3) Net greenhouse gas emissions. 
‘‘(4) Commercial viability. 
‘‘(5) Potential for near-term impact. 
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‘‘(6) Potential for carbon reductions on a 
gigaton scale. 
‘‘(7) Economic co-benefits. 
‘‘(d) ACCOUNTING.—The Department shall collabo-
rate with the Environmental Protection Agency and other 
relevant agencies to develop and improve accounting 
frameworks and tools to accurately measure carbon re-
moval and sequestration methods and technologies across 
the Federal Government. 
‘‘(e) AIR CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY PRIZE.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, as 
part of the program carried out under this section, the 
Secretary shall carry out a program to award competitive 
technology prizes for carbon dioxide capture from ambient 
air or water. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(1) in accordance with section 24 of the Ste-
venson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 
(15 U.S.C. 3719), develop requirements for— 
‘‘(A) the prize competition process; 
‘‘(B) minimum performance standards for 
projects eligible to participate in the prize com-
petition; and 
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‘‘(C) monitoring and verification proce-
dures for projects selected to receive a prize 
award; 
‘‘(2) establish minimum levels for the capture of 
carbon dioxide from ambient air or water that are 
required to qualify for a prize award; and 
‘‘(3) offer prize awards for any of the following: 
‘‘(A) A design for a promising capture 
technology that will— 
‘‘(i) be operated on a demonstration 
scale; and 
‘‘(ii) have the potential to achieve sig-
nificant reduction in the level of carbon di-
oxide in the atmosphere. 
‘‘(B) A successful bench-scale demonstra-
tion of a capture technology. 
‘‘(f) COMMERCIAL DIRECT AIR CAPTURE PRIZE.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) QUALIFIED CARBON DIOXIDE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘quali-
fied carbon dioxide’ means any carbon di-
oxide that— 
‘‘(I) is captured directly from the 
ambient air; and 
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‘‘(II) is measured at the source 
of capture and verified at the point of 
disposal, injection, or utilization. 
‘‘(ii) INCLUSION.—The term ‘qualified 
carbon dioxide’ includes the initial deposit 
of captured carbon dioxide used as a ter-
tiary injectant. 
‘‘(iii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘quali-
fied carbon dioxide’ does not include car-
bon dioxide that is recaptured, recycled, 
and reinjected as part of the enhanced oil 
and natural gas recovery process. 
‘‘(B) QUALIFIED DIRECT AIR CAPTURE FA-
CILITY.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 
(ii), the term ‘qualified direct air capture 
facility’ means any facility that— 
‘‘(I) uses carbon capture equip-
ment to capture carbon dioxide di-
rectly from the ambient air; and 
‘‘(II) captures more than 10,000 
metric tons of qualified carbon dioxide 
annually. 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘quali-
fied direct air capture facility’ does not in-
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clude any facility that captures carbon di-
oxide— 
‘‘(I) that is deliberately released 
from naturally occurring subsurface 
springs; or 
‘‘(II) using natural photosyn-
thesis. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, shall establish a 
commercial direct air capture prize designed to sig-
nificantly reward commercial applications of direct 
air capture technologies. 
‘‘(3) COMMERCIAL DIRECT AIR CAPTURE PRIZE 
PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) AWARDS.—Under the prize program, 
the Secretary shall provide financial awards in 
a competitive setting equally for each ton of 
qualified carbon dioxide captured by a qualified 
direct air capture facility until appropriated 
funds are expended. The prize per metric ton 
shall not exceed— 
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‘‘(i) $180 for qualified carbon dioxide 
captured and stored in saline storage for-
mations; 
‘‘(ii) a lesser amount as determined by 
the Secretary for qualified carbon dioxide 
captured and stored in conjunction with 
enhanced oil recovery operations; or 
‘‘(iii) a lesser amount as determined 
by the Secretary for qualified carbon diox-
ide captured and utilized in any activity 
consistent with section 45Q(f)(5) of the In-
ternal Revenue Code of 1986. 
‘‘(B) ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(i) REQUIREMENTS.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of enactment of this 
section, the Administrator, in consultation 
with the Secretary, shall submit require-
ments for qualifying metric tons of carbon 
dioxide. In carrying out this clause, the 
Administrator shall develop specific re-
quirements for— 
‘‘(I) the process of applying for 
prizes; and 
‘‘(II) the demonstration of per-
formance of approved projects. 
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‘‘(ii) DETERMINATION.—For purposes 
of determining the amount of metric tons 
of qualified carbon dioxide eligible for 
prizes under clause (i), the amount shall be 
equal to the net metric tons of carbon di-
oxide removal demonstrated by the recipi-
ent, subject to the requirements set forth 
by the Administrator under such clause. 
‘‘(C) SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT.—The Sec-
retary shall award prizes on an annual basis to 
qualified direct air capture facilities for metric 
tons of qualified carbon dioxide captured and 
verified at the point of disposal, injection, or 
utilization. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this subsection $200,000,000 for the period of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025, and $400,000,000 for the 
period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, to remain 
available until expended. 
‘‘(g) DIRECT AIR CAPTURE TEST CENTER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary 
shall award grants to one or more eligible entities 
for the operation of one or more test centers (in this 
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subsection, known as ‘Centers’) to provide unique 
testing capabilities for innovative direct air capture 
and storage technologies. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Each Center shall— 
‘‘(A) advance research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of direct 
air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(B) support pilot plant and full-scale 
demonstration projects and test technologies 
that represent the scale of technology develop-
ment beyond laboratory testing but not yet ad-
vanced to test under operational conditions at 
commercial scale; 
‘‘(C) develop front-end engineering design 
and economic analysis; and 
‘‘(D) maintain a public record of pilot and 
full-scale plant performance. 
‘‘(3) PRIORITY CRITERIA.—In selecting applica-
tions to operate a Center under this subsection, the 
Secretary shall prioritize applicants that— 
‘‘(A) have access to existing or planned re-
search facilities; 
‘‘(B) are institutions of higher education 
with established expertise in engineering for di-
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rect air capture technologies, or partnerships 
with such institutions; or 
‘‘(C) have access to existing research and 
test facilities for bulk materials design and test-
ing, component design and testing, or profes-
sional engineering design. 
‘‘(4) SCHEDULE.—Each grant to operate a 
Center under this subsection shall be awarded for a 
term of not more than 5 years, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations. The Secretary may renew 
such 5-year term without limit, subject to a rigorous 
merit review. 
‘‘(5) TERMINATION.—To the extent otherwise 
authorized by law, the Secretary may eliminate the 
center during any 5-year term described in the last 
paragraph if it is underperforming. 
‘‘(h) 
LARGE-SCALE
PILOTS
AND
DEMONSTRA-
TIONS.—In supporting the technology development activi-
ties under this section, the Secretary is encouraged to sup-
port carbon removal pilot and demonstration projects, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(1) pilot projects that test direct air capture 
systems capable of capturing 10 to 100 tonnes of 
carbon oxides per year to provide data for dem-
onstration-scale projects; and 
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‘‘(2) direct air capture demonstration projects 
capable of capturing greater than 1,000 tonnes of 
carbon oxides per year. 
‘‘(i) INTRA-AGENCY RESEARCH.—In carrying out the 
program established in (a), the Secretary shall encourage 
and promote collaborations among relevant offices and 
agencies within the Department. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, of 
which $15,000,000 are authorized to carry out sub-
section (e) and of which $200,000,000 are author-
ized to carry out subsection (f); 
‘‘(2) $263,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, of 
which $200,000,000 are authorized to carry out sub-
section (f); 
‘‘(3) $266,150,000 for fiscal year 2023, of 
which $200,000,000 are authorized to carry out sub-
section (f); 
‘‘(4) $269,458,000 for fiscal year 2024, of 
which $200,000,000 are authorized to carry out sub-
section (f); and 
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‘‘(5) $272,930,000 for fiscal year 2025, of 
which $200,000,000 are authorized to carry out sub-
section (f).’’. 
SEC. 3111. METHANE LEAK DETECTION AND MITIGATION. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 970D. METHANE LEAK DETECTION AND MITIGATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency and other appropriate Federal agencies, shall 
carry out a program of methane leak detection and mitiga-
tion research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application for technologies and methods that signifi-
cantly reduce emissions. In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) develop cooperative agreements with State 
or local governments or private entities to provide 
technical assistance to— 
‘‘(A) prevent or respond to methane leaks, 
including detection, mitigation, and identifica-
tion of leaks throughout the natural gas infra-
structure (which includes natural gas storage, 
pipelines, and natural gas production sites); and 
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‘‘(B) protect public health in the event of 
a major methane leak; 
‘‘(2) promote demonstration and adoption of ef-
fective methane emissions-reduction technologies in 
the private sector; 
‘‘(3) in coordination with representatives from 
private industry, State and local governments, and 
institutions of higher education, create a publicly ac-
cessible resource for best practices in the design, 
construction, maintenance, performance, monitoring, 
and incident response for— 
‘‘(A) pipeline systems; 
‘‘(B) wells; 
‘‘(C) compressor stations; 
‘‘(D) storage facilities; and 
‘‘(E) other vulnerable infrastructure; 
‘‘(4) identify high-risk characteristics of pipe-
lines, wells, and materials, geologic risk factors, or 
other key factors that increase the likelihood of 
methane leaks; and 
‘‘(5) in collaboration with private entities and 
institutions of higher education, quantify and map 
significant geologic methane seeps across the United 
States. 
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‘‘(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under this section, the Secretary shall consider the 
following: 
‘‘(1) Historical data of methane leaks. 
‘‘(2) Public health consequences. 
‘‘(3) Public safety. 
‘‘(4) Novel materials and designs for pipelines, 
compressor stations, components, and wells (includ-
ing casing, cement, wellhead). 
‘‘(5) Regional geologic traits. 
‘‘(6) Induced and natural seismicity. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for ac-
tivities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $22,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $23,100,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $24,255,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $25,467,750 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $26,741,138 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
SEC. 3112. WASTE GAS UTILIZATION. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 970E. WASTE GAS UTILIZATION. 
‘‘The Secretary shall carry out a program of research, 
development, and demonstration for waste gas utilization. 
The program shall— 
‘‘(1) identify and evaluate novel uses for light 
hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, propane, 
butane, pentane, and hexane, produced during oil 
and shale gas production, including the production 
of chemicals or transportation fuels; 
‘‘(2) develop advanced gas conversion tech-
nologies that are modular and compact, and may le-
verage advanced manufacturing technologies; 
‘‘(3) support demonstration activities at oper-
ating oil and gas facilities to test the performance 
and cost-effectiveness of new gas conversion tech-
nologies; and 
‘‘(4) assess and monitor potential changes in 
life cycle greenhouse gas emissions that may result 
from the use of technologies developed under this 
program.’’. 
SEC. 3113. NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY 
REFORMS. 
(a) SPECIAL HIRING AUTHORITY FOR SCIENTIFIC, 
ENGINEERING, 
AND
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
PER-
SONNEL.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Energy Technology Laboratory shall have the au-
thority to— 
(A) make appointments to positions in the 
Laboratory to assist in meeting a specific 
project or research need, without regard to civil 
service laws, of individuals who— 
(i) have an advanced scientific or en-
gineering background; or 
(ii) have a business background and 
can assist in specific technology-to-market 
needs; 
(B) fix the basic pay of any employee ap-
pointed under this section at a rate not to ex-
ceed level II of the Executive Schedule; and 
(C) pay any employee appointed under this 
section payments in addition to basic pay, ex-
cept that the total amount of additional pay-
ments paid to an employee under this sub-
section for any 12-month period shall not ex-
ceed the least of— 
(i) $25,000; 
(ii) the amount equal to 25 percent of 
the annual rate of basic pay of that em-
ployee; and 
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(iii) the amount of the limitation that 
is applicable for a calendar year under sec-
tion 5307(a)(1) of title 5, United States 
Code. 
(2) LIMITATIONS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term of any em-
ployee appointed under this section shall not ex-
ceed 3 years. 
(B) FULL-TIME
EMPLOYEES.—Not more 
than 10 full-time employees appointed under 
this subsection may be employed at the Na-
tional Energy Technology Laboratory at any 
given time. 
(b) DISCRETIONARY
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
mechanisms under which the Director of the Na-
tional Energy Technology Laboratory may use an 
amount that is, in total, not less than 2 percent and 
not more than 4 percent of all funds available to the 
Laboratory for the following purposes: 
(A) To fund innovative research that is 
conducted at the Laboratory and supports the 
mission of the Department. 
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(B) To fund technology development pro-
grams that support the transition of tech-
nologies developed by the Laboratory into the 
commercial market. 
(C) To fund workforce development activi-
ties to strengthen external engineering and 
manufacturing partnerships to ensure safe, effi-
cient, productive, and useful fossil energy tech-
nology production. 
(D) To fund the revitalization, recapitaliza-
tion, or minor construction of the Laboratory 
infrastructure. 
(2) 
PRIORITIZATION.—The 
Director 
shall 
prioritize innovative experiments and proposals pro-
posed by scientists and researchers at the National 
Energy Technology Laboratory. 
(3) ANNUAL REPORT ON USE OF AUTHORITY.— 
Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the use of the authority 
under this subsection during the preceding fiscal 
year. 
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(c) LABORATORY OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall 
delegate human resources operations of the National En-
ergy Technology Laboratory to the Director of the Na-
tional Energy Technology Laboratory. 
(d) REVIEW.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a report assessing 
the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s manage-
ment and research. The report shall include— 
(1) an assessment of the quality of science and 
research at the National Energy Technology Labora-
tory relative to similar work at other national lab-
oratories; 
(2) a review of the effectiveness of authorities 
provided in subsections (a) and (b); and 
(3) recommendations for policy changes within 
the Department and legislative changes to provide 
the National Energy Technology Laboratory the nec-
essary tools and resources to advance its research 
mission. 
SEC. 3114. CLIMATE SOLUTIONS CHALLENGES. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy 
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shall establish a program to be known as ‘‘Fossil Energy 
Climate Solutions Challenges’’ for carrying out prize com-
petitions described under subsection (d) pursuant to sec-
tion 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719) relating to the climate and 
energy. 
(b) PRIZE COMMITTEES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall assem-
ble a prize committee that shall define the scope and 
detail of, and provide the requirements for, the prize 
competitions under this section. Such committee 
may be composed of— 
(A) members from the Office of Fossil En-
ergy, Advanced Research Projects Energy, Of-
fice of Technology Transitions, or other offices 
that most appropriately corresponds with the 
topic of the prize competition; and 
(B) representatives of any other entities, 
as determined appropriate by the Secretary, in-
cluding other Federal agencies, State and local 
governments, and the private sector. 
(2) DEFINING TOPIC AREAS.—The prize com-
mittee may modify and define the scope of the prize 
areas described under subsection (c), so long as such 
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modification is in accordance with descriptions in 
such subsection. 
(3) INCENTIVE FOR PRIZE COMPETITION.—The 
prize committee for each prize competition shall de-
termine the incentive for the prize competition. In 
determining the incentive, the committee shall con-
sider— 
(A) a cash prize; 
(B) access to Government facilities, such 
as through a lab-embedded entrepreneurship 
program of the Department of Energy, a coop-
erative research and development agreement, or 
other method; 
(C) advance market commitments for tech-
nologies of use or promise to the Federal Gov-
ernment; and 
(D) any other incentive provided for by 
law. 
(4) JUDGING CRITERIA.—The prize committee 
for each prize competition shall establish judging cri-
teria for the competition that shall include, at a min-
imum— 
(A) potential for the solution to become a 
commercial product or service or advance 
knowledge to further the public good; 
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(B) consideration of how likely the solution 
is to lead to subsequent research, development, 
deployment, or manufacturing in the United 
States; 
(C) the degree to which the solution will 
lower the climate footprint of the United States; 
and 
(D) the degree to which the solution will 
lower the global climate footprint. 
(5) CONSIDERATION.—In carrying out this sec-
tion, the committee shall take into consideration the 
best practices provided for in the challenges and 
prizes toolkit made publicly available on December 
15, 2016, by the General Services Administration. 
(c) PRIZE COMPETITIONS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall offer prize awards for any of 
the following: 
(1) Solutions to capture carbon emissions from 
sources that would otherwise be emitted to the at-
mosphere. 
(2) Solutions to convert carbon emissions to a 
beneficial use that does not result in near-term re- 
release into the atmosphere, unless such re-release 
offsets the emission of additional carbon into the at-
mosphere, such that the net effect of the solution is 
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to reduce the overall amount of carbon being emitted 
to the atmosphere. 
(3) Other solutions that have potential to 
achieve reduction in greenhouse gas emissions asso-
ciated with fossil-based energy production. 
(d) ACCEPTANCE OF FUNDS.—In addition to such 
sums as may be appropriated or otherwise made available 
to the Secretary to award prizes under this section, the 
Secretary may accept funds from other Federal agencies, 
private sector entities, and State and local governments 
to award prizes under this section. The Secretary may not 
give any special consideration relating to the selection of 
awards under the prize competition to any private sector 
entity or individual in return for a donation to the Sec-
retary or prize committee. 
(e) ELIGIBILITY.—Notwithstanding section 24(g)(3) 
of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719(g)(3)), a group may be eligible for 
an award under this section if one or more members of 
such group is a citizen or permanent resident of the 
United States. 
(f) COMPLETION
OF PRIZE COMPETITIONS.—The 
prize competitions carried out under this section shall be 
completed not later than the date that is 5 years after 
the program is established under subsection (a). 
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(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 to carry out 
this section, to remain available until expended. 
SEC. 3115. CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL TASK FORCE AND 
REPORT. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in consulta-
tion with the head of any other relevant Federal agency, 
shall prepare a report that— 
(1) estimates the magnitude of excess carbon 
dioxide in the atmosphere that will need to be re-
moved by 2050 to achieve net-zero emissions and 
stabilize the climate; 
(2) inventories current and emerging ap-
proaches of carbon dioxide removal and evaluates 
the advantages and disadvantages of each such ap-
proach; and 
(3) identifies recommendations for legislation, 
funding, rules, revisions to rules, financing mecha-
nisms, or other policy tools that the Federal Govern-
ment can use to sufficiently advance the deployment 
of carbon dioxide removal projects in order to meet, 
in the aggregate, the magnitude of needed removals 
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estimated under paragraph (1), including policy 
tools such as— 
(A) grants; 
(B) loans or loan guarantees; 
(C) public-private partnerships; 
(D) direct procurement; 
(E) incentives, including subsidized Fed-
eral financing mechanisms available to project 
developers; 
(F) advance market commitments; 
(G) regulations; and 
(H) and any other policy mechanism deter-
mined by the Secretary to be beneficial for ad-
vancing carbon dioxide removal methods and 
the deployment of carbon dioxide removal 
projects. 
(b) SUBMISSION; PUBLICATION.—The Secretary shall 
submit the report prepared under subsection (a) to the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
House of Representatives, and as soon as practicable, 
make the report publicly available. 
(c) EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall— 
(1) not later than 2 years after the publication 
of the report under subsection (a), and every 2 years 
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thereafter, evaluate the findings and recommenda-
tions of the report, taking into consideration any 
issues and recommendations identified by the task 
force established under subsection (d); and 
(2) after each evaluation under paragraph (1), 
revise the report as necessary and submit to the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce of the House of Representatives an updated 
report. 
(d) TASK FORCE.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES.—Not later 
than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall establish a task force to— 
(A) identify barriers to advancement of 
carbon dioxide removal methods and the deploy-
ment of carbon dioxide removal projects; 
(B) inventory existing or potential Federal 
legislation, rules, revisions to rules, financing 
mechanisms, or other policy tools that are capa-
ble of advancing carbon dioxide removal meth-
ods and the deployment of carbon dioxide re-
moval projects; 
(C) assist in drafting the report described 
in subsection (a) and any updates thereto; and 
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(D) advise the Secretary on matters per-
taining to carbon dioxide removal. 
(2) MEMBERS AND SELECTION.—The Secretary 
shall— 
(A) develop criteria for the selection of 
members to the task force; and 
(B) select members for the task force in 
accordance with the criteria developed under 
subparagraph (A). 
(3) MEETINGS.—The task force shall meet not 
less than once each year. 
(4) EVALUATION.—Not later than 7 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall— 
(A) reevaluate the need for the task force; 
and 
(B) submit to Congress a recommendation 
as to whether the task force should continue. 
(e) CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL DEFINITION.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘carbon dioxide removal’’ means the 
capture of carbon dioxide directly from ambient air or, in 
dissolved form, from seawater, combined with the seques-
tration of such carbon dioxide, including through direct 
air capture and sequestration, enhanced carbon min-
eralization, bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestra-
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tion, forest restoration, soil carbon management, and di-
rect ocean capture. 
SEC. 3116. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY ON 
CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
enter into an agreement with the National Academy of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study 
evaluating the efficacy of carbon capture and storage tech-
nology by industry in reducing emissions and the cost-ef-
fectiveness of such technologies. Such study shall include 
a description of the following: 
(1) Analysis of the effectiveness of emissions re-
ductions and cost through implementation of carbon 
capture as compared to transitioning to other low- 
emissions technologies. 
(2) Differences in performance of various car-
bon capture technologies and storage methods, in-
cluding the net amount of carbon dioxide that can 
be permanently sequestered, the cost (in terms of 
dollar per ton captured/sequestered) of each tech-
nology, and the potential to increase the net amount 
of carbon dioxide captured/sequestered and lower 
operational costs. 
(3) Barriers, in terms of cost, infrastructure, 
geology, aquifers, and markets, to ensuring perma-
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nent carbon storage including both point of source 
capture and removal from the atmosphere of cap-
tured carbon dioxide. 
(4) Analysis of the lifecycle emissions associated 
with carbon capture technologies, including construc-
tion and operation of the carbon capture technology, 
as well as transport, processing, and injection of car-
bon dioxide, including the permanence of carbon 
storage and sequestration, and strategies to reduce 
those emissions. This should include the amount of 
carbon dioxide emitted from a facility outfitted with 
carbon capture technologies that is permanently se-
questered compared to the amount of carbon dioxide 
emitted by the carbon capture process itself. 
(5) Evaluation of the impact of carbon capture 
technologies on air pollution, including particulate 
emissions and ozone precursors, with specific anal-
ysis on the impacts on communities historically over-
burdened with pollution, including rural commu-
nities. 
(b) REPORT.—The agreement under subsection (a) 
shall specify that, not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the National Academy of Sciences 
shall submit to Congress a report containing the results 
and findings of study authorized under this section. 
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SEC. 3117. STUDY ON BLUE HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) STUDY.—The Secretary of Energy shall conduct 
a study to examine opportunities for research and develop-
ment in integrating blue hydrogen technology in the indus-
trial power sector and how that could enhance the deploy-
ment and adoption of carbon capture and storage. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall 
submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
a report that describes the results of the study under sub-
section (a). 
Subtitle B—Controlling Methane 
Leaks 
SEC. 3201. IMPROVING THE NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION 
SYSTEM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Secretary of Energy shall estab-
lish a grant program to provide financial assistance to 
States to offset the incremental rate increases paid by low- 
income households resulting from the implementation of 
infrastructure replacement, repair, and maintenance pro-
grams that are approved by the rate-setting entity and de-
signed to accelerate the necessary replacement, repair, or 
maintenance of natural gas distribution systems. 
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(b) DATE OF ELIGIBILITY.—Awards may be provided 
under this section to offset rate increases described in sub-
section (a) occurring on or after the date of enactment 
of this Act. 
(c) PRIORITIZATION.—The Secretary shall collabo-
rate with States to prioritize the distribution of grants 
made under this section. At a minimum, the Secretary 
shall consider prioritizing the distribution of grants to 
States which have— 
(1) authorized or adopted enhanced infrastruc-
ture replacement programs or innovative rate recov-
ery mechanisms, such as infrastructure cost trackers 
and riders, infrastructure base rate surcharges, de-
ferred regulatory asset programs, and earnings sta-
bility mechanisms; and 
(2) a viable means for delivering financial as-
sistance to low-income households. 
(d) AUDITING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
The Secretary shall establish auditing and reporting re-
quirements for States with respect to the performance of 
eligible projects funded pursuant to grants awarded under 
this section. 
(e) PREVAILING WAGES.—All laborers and mechanics 
employed by contractors or subcontractors in the perform-
ance of construction, alteration, or repair work assisted, 
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in whole or in part, by a grant under this section shall 
be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on 
similar construction in the locality as determined by the 
Secretary of Labor in accordance with subchapter IV of 
chapter 31 of title 40. With respect to the labor standards 
in this subsection, the Secretary of Labor shall have the 
authority and functions set forth in Reorganization Plan 
Numbered 14 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. App.) and 
section 3145 of title 40. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INNOVATIVE
RATE
RECOVERY
MECHA-
NISMS.—The term ‘‘innovative rate recovery mecha-
nisms’’ means rate structures that allow State public 
utility commissions to modify tariffs and recover 
costs of investments in utility replacement incurred 
between rate cases. 
(2) 
LOW-INCOME
HOUSEHOLD.—The 
term 
‘‘low-income household’’ means a household that is 
eligible to receive payments under section 2605(b)(2) 
of the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 
1981 (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(2)). 
(g) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this section $250,000,000 in each of fiscal years 2021 
through 2025. 
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Subtitle C—Eminent Domain 
Reform 
SEC. 3301. MODIFICATIONS TO EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT OF 
EMINENT DOMAIN BY HOLDER OF A CERTIFI-
CATE OF PUBLIC CONVENIENCE AND NECES-
SITY. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Section 7(h) of the Natural Gas 
Act (15 U.S.C. 717f(h)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘When any holder’’ and insert-
ing the following: ‘‘ (1) Subject to paragraph (2), 
when any holder’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(2) A holder of a certificate of public convenience 
and necessity may not exercise the right of eminent do-
main under paragraph (1) unless the holder— 
‘‘(A) obtains all Federal and State permits re-
quired by law for the construction and operation of 
pipeline facilities; 
‘‘(B) complies with all environmental conditions 
appended to the certificate order; and 
‘‘(C) is in compliance with subsection (i)(2). 
‘‘(3) A holder of a certificate of public convenience 
and necessity shall be suspended from the exercise of the 
right of eminent domain under paragraph (1)— 
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‘‘(A) if the holder requests a material amend-
ment to the certificate, until such time as the condi-
tions in paragraph (4) are satisfied; or 
‘‘(B) if a Federal or State permit held by the 
holder is vacated or remanded, until such time as— 
‘‘(i) all vacated or remanded permits are 
reinstated or reissued to the holder; and 
‘‘(ii) the holder complies with all environ-
mental conditions appended to the certificate 
order. 
‘‘(4) A holder of a certificate of public convenience 
and necessity who requests a material amendment to the 
certificate and has the exercise of the right of eminent do-
main suspended under paragraph (3)(A) may not com-
mence a new action or proceeding to exercise the right 
of eminent domain under paragraph (1) until such time 
as— 
‘‘(A) the Commission issues an amended certifi-
cate of public convenience and necessity; and 
‘‘(B) the holder— 
‘‘(i) obtains all additional Federal and 
State permits required by law pursuant to the 
amended certificate; and 
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‘‘(ii) complies with all environmental condi-
tions appended to the amended certificate 
order.’’. 
(b) ACCESS FOR SURVEYS.—Section 7 of the Natural 
Gas Act (15 U.S.C. 717f) is further amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘(i)(1) For purposes of subsection (h), the exercise 
of the right of eminent domain does not include accessing 
property for purposes of surveying prior to acquiring the 
property, except in accordance with paragraph (2). 
‘‘(2) If a holder of a certificate of public convenience 
and necessity is unable to agree with the owner of property 
on access to the property for purposes of surveying, the 
holder shall enter into the dispute resolution process of 
the Commission. If dispute resolution fails, or if the prop-
erty owner refuses to participate in such process, the Com-
mission may, upon a showing by the holder of documented 
repeated, good faith efforts to work with the property 
owner to agree on such access, issue an order declaring 
that, upon a court order, for purposes of the relevant cer-
tificate and with respect to the relevant property, the exer-
cise of the right of eminent domain under subsection (h) 
includes accessing the property, in a limited, non-land-dis-
turbing manner, for purposes of surveying prior to acquir-
ing the property.’’. 
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(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this subtitle shall apply— 
(1) to any action or proceeding for eminent do-
main under section 7(h)(1) of the Natural Gas Act, 
as amended by this subtitle, commencing on or after 
the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(2) to any request for a material amendment to 
a certificate of public convenience and necessity oc-
curring on or after the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
Subtitle D—Climate Smart Ports 
SEC. 3401. CLIMATE SMART PORTS GRANT PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 6 months after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Administrator 
shall establish a program to award grants to eligible enti-
ties to purchase, and as applicable install, zero emissions 
port equipment and technology. 
(b) USE OF GRANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity may use a 
grant awarded under this section to purchase, and 
as applicable install, zero emissions port equipment 
and technology. 
(2) PROHIBITED USE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity may 
not use a grant awarded under this section to 
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purchase or install fully automated cargo han-
dling equipment or terminal infrastructure that 
is designed for fully automated cargo handling 
equipment. 
(B) HUMAN-OPERATED
ZERO
EMISSIONS 
PORT EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY.—Nothing 
in subparagraph (A) prohibits an eligible entity 
from using a grant awarded under this section 
to purchase human-operated zero emissions 
port equipment and technology or infrastruc-
ture that supports such human-operated zero 
emissions port equipment and technology. 
(3) COST SHARE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), an eligible entity may not 
use a grant awarded under this section to cover 
more than 70 percent of the cost of purchasing, 
and as applicable installing, zero emissions port 
equipment and technology. 
(B) CERTAIN GRANTS.—With respect to a 
grant in an amount equal to or greater than 
$3,000,000, an eligible entity may use such 
grant to cover not more than 85 percent of the 
cost of purchasing and installing zero emissions 
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port equipment and technology if such eligible 
entity certifies to the Administrator that— 
(i) such grant will be used, at least in 
part, to employ laborers or mechanics to 
install zero emissions port equipment and 
technology; and 
(ii) such eligible entity is a party to a 
project labor agreement or requires that 
each subgrantee of such eligible entity, and 
any subgrantee thereof at any tier, that 
performs such installation participate in a 
project labor agreement. 
(4) PROJECT LABOR.—An eligible entity that 
uses a grant awarded under this section to install 
zero emissions port equipment and technology shall 
ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, that any 
subgrantee of such eligible entity, and any sub-
grantee thereof at any tier, that carries out such in-
stallation employs laborers or mechanics for such in-
stallation that— 
(A) are domiciled not further than 50 
miles from such installation; 
(B) are members of the Armed Forces 
serving on active duty, separated from active 
duty, or retired from active duty; 
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(C) have been incarcerated or served time 
in a juvenile detention facility; or 
(D) have a disability. 
(c) WAGES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—All laborers and mechanics 
employed by a subgrantee of an eligible entity, and 
any subgrantee thereof at any tier, to perform con-
struction, alteration, installation, or repair work that 
is assisted, in whole or in part, by a grant awarded 
under this section shall be paid wages at rates not 
less than those prevailing on similar construction, al-
teration, installation, or repair work in the locality 
as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accord-
ance with subchapter IV of chapter 31 of title 40, 
United States Code. 
(2) LABOR STANDARDS.—With respect to the 
labor standards in this subsection, the Secretary of 
Labor shall have the authority and functions set 
forth in Reorganization Plan Numbered 14 of 1950 
(64 Stat. 1267; 5 U.S.C. App.) and section 3145 of 
title 40, United States Code. 
(d) APPLICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—To be eligible to be awarded 
a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall 
submit to the Administrator an application at such 
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time, in such manner, and containing such informa-
tion as the Administrator may require. 
(2) 
PRIORITY.—The 
Administrator 
shall 
prioritize awarding grants under this section to eligi-
ble entities based on the following: 
(A) The degree to which the proposed use 
of the grant will— 
(i) reduce greenhouse gas emissions; 
(ii) reduce emissions of any criteria 
pollutant and precursor thereof; 
(iii) reduce hazardous air pollutant 
emissions; and 
(iv) reduce public health disparities in 
communities that receive a dispropor-
tionate quantity of air pollution from a 
port. 
(B) The amount of matching, non-Federal 
funds expected to be used by an applicant to 
purchase, and as applicable install, zero emis-
sions port equipment and technology. 
(C) Whether the applicant will use such 
grant to purchase, and as applicable install, 
zero emissions port equipment and technology 
that is produced in the United States. 
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(D) As applicable, whether the applicant 
will meet the utilization requirements for reg-
istered apprentices established by the Secretary 
of Labor or a State Apprenticeship Agency. 
(E) As applicable, whether the applicant 
will recruit and retain skilled workers through 
a State-approved joint labor management ap-
prenticeship program. 
(e) OUTREACH.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
funds are made available to carry out this section, 
the Administrator shall develop and carry out an 
educational outreach program to promote and ex-
plain the grant program established under sub-
section (a) to prospective grant recipients. 
(2) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out 
the outreach program developed under paragraph 
(1), the Administrator shall— 
(A) inform prospective grant recipients 
how to apply for a grant awarded under this 
section; 
(B) describe to prospective grant recipients 
the benefits of available zero emissions port 
equipment and technology; 
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(C) explain to prospective grant recipients 
the benefits of participating in the grant pro-
gram established under this section; and 
(D) facilitate the sharing of best practices 
and lessons learned between grant recipients 
and prospective grant recipients with respect to 
how to apply for and use grants awarded under 
this section. 
(f) REPORTS.— 
(1) REPORT
TO
ADMINISTRATOR.—Not later 
than 90 days after the date on which an eligible en-
tity uses a grant awarded under this section, such 
eligible entity shall submit to the Administrator a re-
port containing such information as the Adminis-
trator shall require. 
(2) ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later 
than January 31, 2021, and annually thereafter, the 
Administrator shall submit to Congress and make 
available on the website of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency a report that includes, with respect 
to each grant awarded under this section during the 
preceding calendar year— 
(A) the name and location of the eligible 
entity that was awarded such grant; 
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(B) the amount of such grant that the eli-
gible entity was awarded; 
(C) the name and location of the port 
where the zero emissions port equipment and 
technology that was purchased, and as applica-
ble installed, with such grant is used; 
(D) an estimate of the impact of such zero 
emissions port equipment and technology on re-
ducing— 
(i) greenhouse gas emissions; 
(ii) emissions of criteria pollutants 
and precursors thereof; 
(iii) hazardous air pollutant emissions; 
and 
(iv) public health disparities; and 
(E) any other information the Adminis-
trator determines necessary to understand the 
impact of grants awarded under this section. 
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
carry 
out 
this 
section 
$1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
through 2030. 
(2) NONATTAINMENT
AREAS.—To the extent 
practicable, at least 25 percent of amounts made 
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available to carry out this section in each fiscal year 
shall be used to award grants to eligible entities to 
provide zero emissions port equipment and tech-
nology to ports that are in nonattainment areas. 
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ACTIVE DUTY.— The term ‘‘active duty’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 101 of 
title 10, United States Code. 
(2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(3) ALTERNATIVE EMISSIONS CONTROL TECH-
NOLOGY.—The term ‘‘alternative emissions control 
technology’’ means a technology, technique, or meas-
ure that— 
(A) captures the emissions of nitrogen 
oxide, particulate matter, reactive organic com-
pounds, and greenhouse gases from the auxil-
iary engine and auxiliary boiler of an ocean- 
going vessel at berth; 
(B) is verified or approved by a State or 
Federal air quality regulatory agency; 
(C) the use of which achieves at least the 
equivalent reduction of emissions as the use of 
shore power for an ocean-going vessel at berth; 
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paragraphs (A) through (C), that owns or uses 
cargo or transportation equipment at a port. 
(7) ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘en-
ergy storage system’’ means a system, equipment, 
facility, or technology that— 
(A) is capable of absorbing energy, storing 
energy for a period of time, and dispatching the 
stored energy; and 
(B) uses a mechanical, electrical, chemical, 
electrochemical, or thermal process to store en-
ergy that— 
(i) was generated at an earlier time 
for use at a later time; or 
(ii) was generated from a mechanical 
process, and would otherwise be wasted, 
for delivery at a later time. 
(8) FULLY
AUTOMATED
CARGO
HANDLING 
EQUIPMENT.—The term ‘‘fully automated cargo 
handling equipment’’ means cargo handling equip-
ment that— 
(A) is remotely operated or remotely mon-
itored; and 
(B) with respect to the use of such equip-
ment, does not require the exercise of human 
intervention or control. 
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(9) NONATTAINMENT AREA.—The term ‘‘non-
attainment area’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 171 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7501). 
(10) PORT.—The term ‘‘port’’ includes a mari-
time port and an inland port. 
(11) PORT AUTHORITY.—The term ‘‘port au-
thority’’ means a governmental or quasi-govern-
mental authority formed by a legislative body to op-
erate a port. 
(12) PROJECT LABOR AGREEMENT.—The term 
‘‘project labor agreement’’ means a pre-hire collec-
tive bargaining agreement with one or more labor 
organization that establishes the terms and condi-
tions of employment for a specific construction 
project and is described in section 8(f) of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 158(f)). 
(13) REGISTERED
APPRENTICE.—The term 
‘‘registered apprentice’’ means a person who is par-
ticipating in a registered apprenticeship program. 
(14) 
REGISTERED
APPRENTICESHIP
PRO-
GRAM.—The term ‘‘registered apprenticeship pro-
gram’’ means a program registered pursuant to the 
Act of August 16, 1937 (commonly known as the 
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‘‘National Apprenticeship Act’’; 50 Stat. 664, chap-
ter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.). 
(15) SHORE POWER.—The term ‘‘shore power’’ 
means the provision of shoreside electrical power to 
a ship at berth that has shut down main and auxil-
iary engines. 
(16) STATE
APPRENTICESHIP
AGENCY.—The 
term ‘‘State Apprenticeship Agency’’ has the mean-
ing given such term in section 29.2 of title 29, Code 
of Federal Regulations (as in effect on January 1, 
2020). 
(17) ZERO EMISSIONS PORT EQUIPMENT AND 
TECHNOLOGY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘zero emis-
sions port equipment and technology’’ means 
equipment and technology, including the equip-
ment and technology described in subparagraph 
(B), that— 
(i) is used at a port; and 
(ii)(I) produces zero exhaust emissions 
of— 
(aa) any criteria pollutant 
and precursor thereof; and 
(bb) any greenhouse gas, 
other than water vapor; or 
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(II) captures 100 percent of the 
exhaust emissions produced by an 
ocean-going vessel at berth. 
(B) EQUIPMENT
AND
TECHNOLOGY
DE-
SCRIBED.—The equipment and technology de-
scribed in this subparagraph is the following: 
(i) Any equipment that handles cargo. 
(ii) A drayage truck that transports 
cargo. 
(iii) A train that transports cargo. 
(iv) Port harbor craft. 
(v) A distributed energy resource. 
(vi) An energy storage system. 
(vii) Electrical charging infrastruc-
ture. 
(viii) Shore power or an alternative 
emissions control technology. 
(ix) An electric transport refrigeration 
unit. 
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Subtitle 
E—Interagency 
Task 
Force on Short-Lived Climate 
Pollutant Mitigation 
SEC. 3501. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE ON SHORT-LIVED 
CLIMATE POLLUTANT MITIGATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall es-
tablish a task force, to be known as the Interagency Task 
Force on Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Mitigation. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The members of the Task Force 
shall include the head (or a designee thereof) of each of— 
(1) the Department of Agriculture; 
(2) the Department of Commerce; 
(3) the Department of Defense; 
(4) the Department of Energy; 
(5) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
(6) the Department of the Interior; 
(7) the Department of State; 
(8) the Department of Transportation; 
(9) the Environmental Protection Agency; 
(10) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration; 
(11) the Council on Environmental Quality; 
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(12) the United States Agency for International 
Development; and 
(13) any other Federal agency the President 
determines appropriate. 
(c) DUTIES.—The Task Force shall— 
(1) review the policy recommendations made 
by— 
(A) the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-
mate Change; 
(B) the United States Climate Alliance; 
(C) the Interagency Strategy to Reduce 
Methane Emissions; 
(D) the Council on Climate Preparedness 
and Resilience; and 
(E) the Clean Cooking Alliance; 
(2) develop an action plan to reduce short-lived 
climate pollutants that incorporates any appropriate 
proposals or recommendations made by the entities 
referred to in paragraph (1) that are relevant to 
short-lived climate pollutants; 
(3) identify any Federal program that is, or 
could be, relevant to reducing short-lived climate pol-
lutants— 
(A) in the United States; or 
(B) worldwide; 
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(4) identify overlapping and duplicative Federal 
programs addressing short-lived climate pollutants 
that would benefit from consolidation and stream-
lining; 
(5) identify gaps and serious deficiencies in 
Federal programs targeted at short-lived climate pol-
lutants, including gaps and deficiencies that can be 
addressed through a combination of assessment, sci-
entific research, monitoring, and technological devel-
opment activities, with an emphasis on— 
(A) industry standards; and 
(B) public-private partnerships; 
(6) in developing recommendations, consult 
with affected stakeholders in private industry; and 
(7) not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, submit to the Committee on 
Energy and Commerce of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Environment and Public 
Works of the Senate a report describing the findings 
and recommendations resulting from the activities 
described in paragraphs (1) through (6). 
Subtitle F—Black Carbon 
SEC. 3601. REDUCTION OF BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS. 
(a) COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.— 
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Administrator’’), in consultation 
with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of State, 
the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of 
Commerce, and the Commandant of the Coast 
Guard, shall develop a comprehensive plan to reduce 
black carbon emissions from ships based on appro-
priate emissions data from oceangoing vessels. The 
plan shall provide for such reduction through— 
(A) a clean freight partnership; 
(B) limits on black carbon emissions; and 
(C) efforts that include protection of access 
to critical fuel shipments and emergency needs 
of coastal communities. 
(2) ROADMAP.—A principal objective of the 
plan developed pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be 
the establishment, in coordination with the Secretary 
of State, of a roadmap for helping countries to re-
duce fine-particle (PM2.5) and black carbon emis-
sions in the shipping sector through— 
(A) the installation of advanced emissions 
controls; 
(B) the reduction of sulfur content in 
fuels; and 
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(C) the adoption of black carbon control 
policies. 
(b) 
BLACK
CARBON
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION 
GOALS.—The Administrator, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of State, and other relevant Federal agencies, 
shall— 
(1) lead an effort to reduce black carbon 
through an Arctic-wide aspirational black carbon 
goal; and 
(2) encourage observers of the Arctic Council 
(including India and China) to adopt mitigation 
plans consistent with the findings and recommenda-
tions of the Arctic Council’s Framework for Action 
on Black Carbon and Methane. 
(c) CLIMATE AND CLEAN AIR COALITION.—The Ad-
ministrator, in coordination with the Secretary of State, 
is encouraged to work with the Climate and Clean Air Co-
alition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants to craft 
specific financing mechanisms for the incremental cost of 
international black carbon mitigation activities. 
(d) BLACK CARBON MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.— 
(1) PRIORITIZATION.—The Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, in cooperation with the Administrator, shall— 
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(A) encourage black carbon mitigation ac-
tivities as part of official development assist-
ance and programmatic activities; 
(B) give special emphasis to projects that 
produce substantial environmental, gender, live-
lihood, and public health benefits, including 
support for clean-burning cookstoves and fuels; 
and 
(C) work with the Global Alliance for 
Clean Cookstoves to help developing nations es-
tablish thriving markets for clean and efficient 
cooking solutions. 
(2) EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS.—The Secretary of 
State, in collaboration with the Administrator, the 
Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of Transpor-
tation, shall provide aid to international efforts to 
reduce black carbon emissions from diesel trucks 
and ships, 2-stroke engines, diesel generators, and 
industrial processes by providing technical assist-
ance— 
(A) to help developing nations lower the 
sulfur content of diesel fuels; 
(B) to expand access to diesel particulate 
filters; 
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(C) to provide vehicle manufacturers with 
low- and zero-emission engine designs; 
(D) to deploy on-road, off-road, and shore- 
side infrastructure to support zero-emission en-
gine technologies; 
(E) to develop other mitigation activities, 
including energy efficiency alternatives for gen-
erators and industrial processes; and 
(F) to reduce ammonia emissions from ag-
riculture. 
TITLE IV—NUCLEAR ENERGY 
Subtitle A—Advanced Nuclear Fuel 
Availability 
SEC. 4101. PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish 
and carry out, through the Office of Nuclear Energy, a 
program to support the availability of HA–LEU for civil-
ian domestic demonstration and commercial use. 
(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under subsection (a), the Secretary— 
(1) shall develop, in consultation with the Com-
mission, criticality benchmark data to assist the 
Commission in— 
(A) the licensing and regulation of cat-
egory II spent nuclear material fuel fabrication 
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and enrichment facilities under part 70 of title 
10, Code of Federal Regulations; and 
(B) certification of transportation pack-
ages under part 71 of title 10, Code of Federal 
Regulations; 
(2) may conduct research and development, and 
provide financial assistance to assist commercial en-
tities, to design and license transportation packages 
for HA–LEU, including canisters for metal, gas, 
and other HA–LEU compositions; 
(3) shall, to the extent practicable— 
(A) by January 1, 2024, have commercial 
entities submit such transportation package de-
signs to the Commission for certification by the 
Commission under part 71 of title 10, Code of 
Federal Regulations; and 
(B) encourage the Commission to have 
such transportation package designs so certified 
by the Commission by January 1, 2026; 
(4) shall consider options for acquiring or pro-
viding HA–LEU from a stockpile of uranium owned 
by the Department, or using enrichment technology, 
to make available to members of the consortium es-
tablished pursuant to paragraph (6) for commercial 
use or demonstration projects, taking into account 
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cost and amount of time required, and prioritizing 
methods that would produce usable HA–LEU the 
quickest, including options for acquiring or providing 
HA–LEU— 
(A) that— 
(i) directly meets the needs of an end 
user; and 
(ii) has been previously used or fab-
ricated for another purpose; 
(B) that meets the needs of an end user 
after having radioactive or other contaminants 
that resulted from a previous use or fabrication 
of the fuel for research, development, dem-
onstration, or deployment activities of the De-
partment removed; 
(C) that is produced from high-enriched 
uranium that is blended with lower assay ura-
nium to become HA–LEU to meet the needs of 
an end user; 
(D) that is produced by United States or 
foreign-owned commercial entities; or 
(E) that does not require extraction of ura-
nium or development of uranium from lands 
managed by the Federal Government, cause 
harm to the natural or cultural resources of 
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Tribal communities or sovereign Native Na-
tions, or result in degraded ground or surface 
water quality on publicly managed or privately 
owned lands; 
(5) not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, shall 
conduct a survey of stakeholders to estimate the 
quantity of HA–LEU necessary for domestic com-
mercial use for each of the 5 subsequent years; 
(6) shall establish a consortium, which may in-
clude entities involved in any stage of the nuclear 
fuel cycle, to partner with the Department to sup-
port the availability of HA–LEU for civilian domes-
tic demonstration and commercial use, including 
by— 
(A) providing information to the Secretary 
for purposes of surveys conducted under para-
graph (5); 
(B) purchasing HA–LEU made available 
to members of the consortium by the Secretary 
under the program; and 
(C) carrying out demonstration projects 
using HA–LEU awarded by the Secretary 
under the program; 
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(7) shall, prior to acquiring or providing HA– 
LEU under paragraph (8), in coordination with the 
consortium established pursuant to paragraph (6), 
develop a schedule for cost recovery of HA–LEU 
made available to members of the consortium using 
HA–LEU for commercial use pursuant to paragraph 
(8); 
(8) shall, beginning not later than 3 years after 
the establishment of a consortium under paragraph 
(6), have the capability to acquire or provide HA– 
LEU, in order to make such HA–LEU available to 
members of the consortium beginning not later than 
January 1, 2026, in amounts that are consistent, to 
the extent practicable, with— 
(A) the quantities estimated under the sur-
veys conducted under paragraph (5); plus 
(B) the quantities necessary for dem-
onstration projects carried out under the pro-
gram, as determined by the Secretary; and 
(9) shall, for advanced reactor demonstration 
projects, determine awardees of HA–LEU under this 
subtitle through a merit-based, competitive selection 
process. 
(c) APPLICABILITY OF USEC PRIVATIZATION ACT.— 
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(1) SALE OR TRANSFER TO CONSORTIUM.—The 
requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (C) of sec-
tion 3112(d)(2) of the USEC Privatization Act (42 
U.S.C. 2297h–10(d)(2)) shall apply to a sale or 
transfer of HA–LEU for commercial use by the Sec-
retary to a member of the consortium under this 
section. 
(2) DEMONSTRATION.—HA–LEU made avail-
able to members of the consortium established pur-
suant to subsection (b)(6) for demonstration projects 
shall remain the property of the Department, which 
shall be responsible for the storage, use, and disposi-
tion of all radioactive waste created by the irradia-
tion, processing, or purification of such uranium, 
and shall not be treated as a sale or transfer of ura-
nium subject to sections 3112 and 3113 of the 
USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h–10; 42 
U.S.C. 2297h–11). 
(d) DOE ACQUISITION
OF HA–LEU.—The Sec-
retary may not make commitments under this section (in-
cluding cooperative agreements (used in accordance with 
section 6305 of title 31, United States Code), purchase 
agreements, guarantees, leases, service contracts, or any 
other type of commitment) for the purchase or other ac-
quisition of HA–LEU unless funds are specifically pro-
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vided for such purposes in advance in subsequent appro-
priations Acts, and only to the extent that the full extent 
of anticipated costs stemming from such commitments is 
recorded as an obligation up front and in full at the time 
it is made. 
(e) SUNSET.—The authority of the Secretary to carry 
out the program under this section shall expire on the ear-
lier of— 
(1) September 30, 2034; or 
(2) 90 days after the date on which HA–LEU 
is available to provide a reliable and adequate supply 
for civilian domestic advanced nuclear reactors in 
the commercial market. 
(f) LIMITATION.—The Secretary shall not barter or 
otherwise sell or transfer uranium in any form in exchange 
for services relating to the final disposition of radioactive 
waste from uranium that is made available under this sec-
tion. 
SEC. 4102. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) COMMISSION REPORT
ON NECESSARY REGU-
LATORY UPDATES.—Not later than 12 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall sub-
mit to Congress a report that includes— 
(1) identification of updates to regulations, cer-
tifications, and other regulatory policies that the 
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(4) NATURE OF ALLOWANCES.—An allowance 
does not constitute a property right. Nothing in this 
subtitle or in any other provision of law shall be con-
strued to limit the authority of the United States to 
terminate or limit the authorization for the produc-
tion or consumption of a regulated substance, as ap-
plicable, granted by the allowance. 
(5) COMPLIANCE.—For each year listed in table 
4, the Administrator shall ensure that the annual 
quantity of production or consumption in the United 
States of all regulated substances does not exceed 
the product obtained by multiplying the production 
baseline or consumption baseline, as applicable, and 
the applicable percentage listed in table 4. 
(c) TRANSFERS.—The regulations required by sub-
section (b)(1) shall— 
(1) utilize the exchange values for each regu-
lated substance established by or pursuant to section 
9202; 
(2) ensure that transfers of production allow-
ances and consumption allowances will result in 
greater total reductions in the annual production or 
consumption, as applicable, of regulated substances 
than would occur in that year in the absence of such 
transfers; and 
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