1110 
(B) a summary of the efforts by the Gov-
ernment of Afghanistan including the Ministry 
of Interior to integrate local and regionalized 
militias into the uniformed Afghan National 
Defense and Security Forces including efforts 
to support accountability and address human 
rights violations and abuses. 
(8) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
determines are relevant. 
(c) SUNSET.—The reporting requirement under this 
section shall terminate on the date that is 3 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act. 
Subtitle C—Matters Relating to 
Syria, Iraq, and Iran 
SEC. 1221. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO COUNTER THE 
ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 1236 of 
the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public 
Law 113–291; 128 Stat. 3558) is amended by striking 
‘‘December 31, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 
2021’’. 
(b) FUNDING.—Subsection (g) of such section is 
amended—
1111 
(1) by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2020’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2021’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘$645,000,000’’ and inserting 
‘‘$500,000,000’’. 
(c) WAIVER AUTHORITY; SCOPE.—Subsection (j)(3) 
of such section is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘congressional defense commit-
tees’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COM-
MITTEES
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the 
term ‘appropriate congressional committees’ 
means— 
‘‘(i) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
‘‘(ii) the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate.’’. 
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Such section is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(o) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this subsection, and annually 
thereafter for two years, the Secretary of Defense shall
1112 
submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Armed Services 
of the Senate a report that includes— 
‘‘(1) a detailed description of the weapons and 
equipment purchased using the Counter-ISIS Train 
and Equip Fund in the previous fiscal year; and 
‘‘(2) a detailed description of the incremental 
costs for operations and maintenance for Operation 
Inherent Resolve in the previous fiscal year.’’. 
(e) BUDGET DISPLAY SUBMISSION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall include in the budget materials submitted by 
the Secretary in support of the budget of the Presi-
dent (as submitted to Congress pursuant to section 
1105 of title 31, United States Code) for each of fis-
cal years 2022 and 2023 a detailed budget display 
for funds requested for the Department of Defense 
for such fiscal year for Operation Inherent Resolve. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The detailed 
budget display required under paragraph (1) shall 
include the following: 
(A) With respect to procurement ac-
counts—
1113 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, line item, and 
line item title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(B) With respect to research, development, 
test, and evaluation accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, program ele-
ment, and program element title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(C) With respect to operation and mainte-
nance accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account title, 
budget activity title, line number, and sub-
activity group title; and 
(ii) a description of the specific man-
ner in which each such amount would be 
used. 
(D) With respect to military personnel ac-
counts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, budget subactivity, and 
budget subactivity title; and
1114 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(E) With respect to each project under 
military construction accounts (including with 
respect to unspecified minor military construc-
tion and amounts for planning and design), the 
country, location, project title, and project 
amount for each fiscal year. 
SEC. 1222. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE ASSIST-
ANCE TO THE VETTED SYRIAN OPPOSITION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 1209 of 
the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public 
Law 113–291; 128 Stat. 3451) is amended by striking 
‘‘December 31, 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 
2021’’. 
(b) NOTICE BEFORE PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE.— 
Subsection (b)(2)(A) of such section is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘fiscal year 2019 or fiscal year 2020’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2019, fiscal year 2020, or fiscal year 2021’’. 
(c) CERTIFICATION.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall certify to the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Armed Services
1115 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
that no United States military forces are being used or 
have been used for the extraction, transport, transfer, or 
sale of oil from Syria. 
SEC. 1223. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO SUPPORT OPER-
ATIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE OF 
SECURITY COOPERATION IN IRAQ. 
Section 1215 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsections (c) and (d), by striking ‘‘fis-
cal year 2020’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘each of fiscal years 2020 and 2021’’; and 
(2) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘Of the 
amount made available for fiscal year 2020 to carry 
out section 1215 of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2012, not more than 
$20,000,000’’ and inserting ‘‘Of the amounts made 
available for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 to carry out 
this section, not more than $20,000,000 for each 
such fiscal year’’.
1116 
SEC. 1224. PROHIBITION ON PROVISION OF WEAPONS AND 
OTHER FORMS OF SUPPORT TO CERTAIN OR-
GANIZATIONS. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act or otherwise made available for the Department 
of Defense for fiscal year 2021 may be used to knowingly 
provide weapons or any other form of support to Al Qaeda, 
the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Jabhat Fateh 
al Sham, Hamas, Hizballah, Palestine Islamic Jihad, al- 
Shabaab, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, or any indi-
vidual or group affiliated with any such organization. 
SEC. 1225. CONSOLIDATED BUDGET DISPLAY AND REPORT 
ON OPERATION SPARTAN SHIELD. 
(a) BUDGET DISPLAY SUBMISSION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall include in the budget materials submitted by 
the Secretary in support of the budget of the Presi-
dent (as submitted to Congress pursuant to section 
1105 of title 31, United States Code) for each of fis-
cal years 2022 and 2023 a detailed budget display 
for funds requested for the Department of Defense 
for such fiscal year for Operation Spartan Shield 
and Iran deterrence-related programs and activities 
of the Department of Defense in the United States 
Central Command area of operation.
1117 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The detailed 
budget display required under paragraph (1) shall 
include the following: 
(A) With respect to procurement ac-
counts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, line item, and 
line item title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(B) With respect to research, development, 
test, and evaluation accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, program ele-
ment, and program element title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(C) With respect to operation and mainte-
nance accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account title, 
budget activity title, line number, and sub-
activity group title; and 
(ii) a description of the specific man-
ner in which each such amount would be 
used.
1118 
(D) With respect to military personnel ac-
counts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, budget subactivity, and 
budget subactivity title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount. 
(E) With respect to each project under 
military construction accounts (including with 
respect to unspecified minor military construc-
tion and amounts for planning and design), the 
country, location, project title, and project 
amount for each fiscal year. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter in conjunction with the submission 
of the budget of President (as submitted to Congress 
pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States 
Code) for each of fiscal years 2022 and 2023, the 
Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee 
on Armed Services of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate 
a report on Operation Spartan Shield.
1119 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required by paragraph (1) should include— 
(A)(i) for the first report, a history of the 
operation and its objectives; and 
(ii) for each subsequent report, a descrip-
tion of the operation and its objectives during 
the prior year; 
(B) a list and description of significant ac-
tivities and exercises carried out under the op-
eration during the prior year; 
(C) a description of the purpose and goals 
of such activities and exercises and an assess-
ment of the degree to which stated goals were 
achieved during the prior year; 
(D) a description of criteria used to judge 
the effectiveness of joint exercises to build part-
ner capacity under the operation during the 
prior year; 
(E) an identification of incremental and 
estimated total costs of the operation during 
the prior year, including a separate identifica-
tion of incremental costs of increased force 
presence in the United States Central Com-
mand area of responsibility to counter Iran 
since May 2019; and
1120 
(F) any other matters the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
(3) FORM.—The report required by paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 
include a classified annex. 
SEC. 1226. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PESHMERGA FORCES 
AS A PARTNER IN OPERATION INHERENT RE-
SOLVE. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Peshmerga of the Kurdistan Region of 
Iraq have made, and continue to make, significant 
contributions to the security of Northern Iraq, by 
defending nearly 650 miles of critical terrain, to de-
grade, dismantle, and ultimately defeat the Islamic 
State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq as a partner 
in Operation Inherent Resolve; 
(2) although ISIS has been severely degraded, 
their ideology and combatants still linger and pose 
a threat of resurgence if regional security is not sus-
tained; 
(3) a strong Peshmerga and Kurdistan Re-
gional Government is critical to maintaining a stable 
and tolerant Iraq in which all faiths, sects, and 
ethnicities are afforded equal protection under the
1121 
law and full integration into the Government and so-
ciety of Iraq; 
(4) continued security assistance, as appro-
priate, to the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs of the 
Kurdistan Region of Iraq in support of counter-ISIS 
operations, in coordination with the Government of 
Iraq, is critical to United States national security in-
terests; and 
(5) continued United States support to the 
Peshmerga, coupled with security sector reform in 
the region, will enable them to more effectively part-
ner with other elements of the Iraqi Security Forces, 
the United States, and other coalition members to 
consolidate gains, hold territory, and protect infra-
structure from ISIS and its affiliates in an effort to 
deal a lasting defeat to ISIS and prevent its reemer-
gence in Iraq. 
SEC. 1227. REPORT ON THE THREAT POSED BY IRANIAN- 
BACKED MILITIAS IN IRAQ. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port on the short- and long-term threats posed by Iranian-
1123 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex only if such annex is provided separately 
from the unclassified report. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
Subtitle D—Matters Relating to 
Russia 
SEC. 1231. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RE-
LATING TO SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION OVER CRIMEA. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available 
for fiscal year 2021 for the Department of Defense may 
be obligated or expended to implement any activity that 
recognizes the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over 
Crimea. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense, with the 
concurrence of the Secretary of State, may waive the re-
1124 
striction on the obligation or expenditure of funds required 
by subsection (a) if the Secretary of Defense— 
(1) determines that to do so is in the national 
security interest of the United States; and 
(2) submits a notification of the waiver, at the 
time the waiver is invoked, to the Committee on 
Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1232. EXTENSION OF LIMITATION ON MILITARY CO-
OPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
Section 1232(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 
Stat. 2488), is amended by striking ‘‘, 2019, or 2020’’ 
and inserting ‘‘2019, 2020, or 2021’’. 
SEC. 1233. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF UKRAINE SE-
CURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1250 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 
114–92; 129 Stat. 1068) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘50 per-
cent of the funds available for fiscal year 2020
1125 
pursuant to subsection (f)(5)’’ and inserting 
‘‘50 percent of the funds available for fiscal 
year 2021 pursuant to subsection (f)(6)’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 
year 2020’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2021’’; 
and 
(C) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘Of the 
funds available for fiscal year 2020 pursuant to 
subsection (f)(5)’’ and inserting ‘‘Of the funds 
available for fiscal year 2021 pursuant to sub-
section (f)(6)’’; 
(2) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(6) For fiscal year 2021, $250,000,000.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘December 
31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2023’’. 
(b) EXTENSION OF REPORTS ON MILITARY ASSIST-
ANCE TO UKRAINE.—Section 1275(e) of the Carl Levin 
and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113– 
291; 128 Stat. 3592) is amended by striking ‘‘January 
31, 2021’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2023’’. 
SEC. 1234. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN THE OPEN 
SKIES TREATY. 
(a) NOTIFICATION REQUIRED.—
1126 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Upon withdrawal of the 
United States from the Open Skies Treaty pursuant 
to Article XV of the Treaty, the Secretary of De-
fense and the Secretary of State shall jointly submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees— 
(A) a notification that the United States 
has concluded agreements with other state par-
ties to the Treaty that host United States mili-
tary forces and assets to ensure that after such 
withdrawal the United States will be provided 
sufficient notice by such state parties of re-
quests for observation flights over the terri-
tories of such state parties under the Treaty; or 
(B) if the United States has not concluded 
the agreements described in subparagraph (A), 
a description of how the United States will con-
sistently and reliably be provided with sufficient 
warning of observation flights described in sub-
paragraph (A) by other means, including a de-
scription of assets and personnel and policy im-
plications of using such other means. 
(2) SUBMISSION OF AGREEMENTS.—Upon with-
drawal of the United States from the Open Skies 
Treaty pursuant to Article XV of the Treaty, the 
Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State
1127 
shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees copies of the agreements described in 
paragraph (1)(A). 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense and the Secretary of State, in coordina-
tion with the Director of National Intelligence and 
the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and 
Security, shall jointly submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report on the effects of a 
potential withdrawal of the United States from the 
Open Skies Treaty. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required by paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A description of how the United States 
will replace benefits of cooperation with United 
States allies under the Treaty. 
(B) A description of— 
(i) how the United States will obtain 
unclassified, publicly-releasable imagery it 
currently receives under the Treaty;
1128 
(ii) if national technical means are 
used as a replacement to obtain such im-
agery— 
(I) how the requirements satis-
fied by collection under the Treaty 
will be prioritized within the National 
Intelligence Priorities Framework; 
(II) a plan to mitigate any gaps 
in collection; and 
(III) requirements and timelines 
for declassification of data for public 
release; and 
(iii) if commercial imagery is used as 
a replacement to obtain such imagery— 
(I) contractual actions and asso-
ciated timelines needed to purchase 
such imagery; 
(II) costs to purchase commercial 
imagery equivalent to that which is 
obtained under the Treaty; and 
(III) estimates of costs to share 
that data with other state parties to 
the Treaty that are United States 
partners.
1129 
(C) A description of how the United States 
will replace intelligence information, other than 
imagery, obtained under the Treaty. 
(D) A description of how the United States 
will ensure continued dialogue with Russia in a 
manner similar to formal communications as 
confidence-building measures to reinforce stra-
tegic stability required under the Treaty. 
(E) All unedited responses to the question-
naire provided to United States allies by the 
United States in 2019 and all official state-
ments provided to the United States by United 
States allies in 2019 or 2020 relating to United 
States withdrawal from the Treaty. 
(F) An assessment of the impact of such 
withdrawal on— 
(i) United States leadership in the 
North 
Atlantic 
Treaty 
Organization 
(NATO); and 
(ii) cohesion and cooperation among 
NATO member states. 
(G) A description of options to continue 
confidence-building measures under the Treaty 
with other state parties to the Treaty that are 
United States allies.
1130 
(H) An assessment of the Defense Intel-
ligence Agency of the impact on national secu-
rity of such withdrawal. 
(I) An assessment of how the United 
States will influence decisions regarding certifi-
cations of new sensors, primarily synthetic ap-
erture radar sensors, under the Treaty that 
could pose additional risk to deployed United 
States military forces and assets. 
(3) FORM.—The report required by paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 
contain a classified annex. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the House of Representatives; and 
(C) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate.
1131 
(2) OBSERVATION FLIGHT.—The term ‘‘obser-
vation flight’’ has the meaning given such term in 
Article II of the Open Skies Treaty. 
(3) OPEN SKIES TREATY; TREATY.—The term 
‘‘Open Skies Treaty’’ or ‘‘Treaty’’ means the Treaty 
on Open Skies, done at Helsinki March 24, 1992, 
and entered into force January 1, 2002. 
SEC. 
1235. 
SENSE 
OF 
CONGRESS 
ON 
SUPPORT 
FOR 
UKRAINE. 
It is the sense of Congress that the United States 
should— 
(1) reaffirm support for an enduring strategic 
partnership between the United States and Ukraine; 
(2) support Ukraine’s sovereignty and terri-
torial integrity within its internationally-recognized 
borders and make clear it does not recognize the 
independence of Crimea or Eastern Ukraine cur-
rently occupied by Russia; 
(3) continue support for multi-domain security 
assistance for Ukraine in the form of lethal and non- 
lethal measures to build resiliency, bolster deterrence 
against Russia, and promote stability in the region 
by— 
(A) strengthening defensive capabilities 
and promoting readiness; and
1132 
(B) improving interoperability with NATO 
forces; and 
(4) further enhance security cooperation and 
engagement with Ukraine and other Black Sea re-
gional partners. 
SEC. 1236. REPORT ON PRESENCE OF RUSSIAN MILITARY 
FORCES IN OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port that contains the following: 
(1) A list of foreign countries that have con-
sented to host military forces of Russia, including a 
description of— 
(A) any agreement between each country 
and Russia to host such forces; 
(B) the number of Russian military forces 
that are present in each country; 
(C) the location of Russian military forces 
that are present in each country; 
(D) the types of Russian military force 
structures that are present in each country; 
(E) the level and type of United States se-
curity assistance provided to each country; and
1133 
(F) any military exercises that Russian 
forces have undertaken with each country. 
(2) A list of foreign countries with respect to 
which Russia has deployed military forces in viola-
tion of the territorial sovereignty of such countries, 
including a description of— 
(A) the number of Russian military forces 
that are present in each country; 
(B) the location of Russian military forces 
that are present in each country; and 
(C) the types of Russian military force 
structures that are present in each country. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
1134 
SEC. 1237. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE OPEN SKIES TREA-
TY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the decision to withdraw from the Treaty on 
Open Skies, done at Helsinki March 24, 1992, and 
entered into force January 1, 2002— 
(A) did not comply with the requirement in 
section 1234(a) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (133 Stat. 
1648; 22 U.S.C. 2593a note) to notify Congress 
not fewer than 120 days prior to any such an-
nouncement; 
(B) was made without asserting material 
breach of the Treaty by any other Treaty signa-
tory; and 
(C) was made over the objections of NATO 
allies and regional partners; 
(2) confidence and security building measures 
that are designed to reduce the risk of conflict, in-
crease trust among participating countries, and con-
tribute to military transparency remain vital to the 
strategic interests of our NATO allies and partners 
and should continue to play a central role as the 
United States engages in the region to promote 
transatlantic security; and
1135 
(3) while the United States must always con-
sider the national security benefits of remaining in 
any treaty, responding to Russian violations of trea-
ty protocols should be prioritized through inter-
national engagement and robust diplomatic action. 
SEC. 1238. COUNTERING RUSSIAN AND OTHER OVERSEAS 
KLEPTOCRACY. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section 
(1) RULE OF LAW.—The term ‘‘rule of law’’ 
means the principle of governance in which all per-
sons, institutions, and entities, whether public or 
private, including the state itself, are accountable to 
laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, 
and independently adjudicated, and which are con-
sistent with international human rights norms and 
standards. 
(2) FOREIGN STATE.—The term ‘‘foreign state’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 1603 of 
title 28, United States Code. 
(3) INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘‘intelligence community’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 3(4) of the National Security 
Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)). 
(4) PUBLIC
CORRUPTION.—The term ‘‘public 
corruption’’ means the unlawful exercise of entrusted
1136 
public power for private gain, including by bribery, 
nepotism, fraud, or embezzlement. 
(5) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE.—The term ‘‘foreign 
assistance’’ means foreign assistance authorized 
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. 
(6) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance 
of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that the following international standards should 
be the foundation for foreign states to combat corruption, 
kleptocracy, and illicit finance: 
(1) The United Nations Convention against 
Corruption. 
(2) Recommendations of the Financial Action 
Task Force (FATF) comprising the International
1137 
Standards on Combating Money Laundering and the 
Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation. 
(3) The Organisation for Economic Co-oper-
ation and Development Convention on Combating 
Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International 
Business Transactions (OECD Anti-Bribery Conven-
tion), the 2009 Recommendation of the Council for 
Further Combating Bribery, the 2009 Recommenda-
tion on the Tax Deductibility of Bribes to Foreign 
Public Officials; and other related instruments. 
(4) Legal instruments adopted by the Council 
of Europe and monitored by the Group of States 
against Corruption (GRECO), including the Crimi-
nal Law Convention on Corruption, the Civil Law 
Convention on Corruption, the Additional Protocol 
to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, the 
Twenty Guiding Principles against Corruption, the 
Recommendation on Codes of Conduct for Public 
Officials, and the Recommendation on Common 
Rules against Corruption in the Funding of Political 
Parties and Electoral Campaigns. 
(5) Organization for Security and Cooperation 
in Europe (OSCE) ‘‘Second Dimension’’ commit-
ments on good governance, anti-corruption, anti- 
money laundering, and related issues.
1138 
(6) The Inter-American Convention Against 
Corruption under the Organization of American 
States. 
(c) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
(1) leverage United States diplomatic engage-
ment and foreign assistance to promote the rule of 
law; 
(2) promote the international standards identi-
fied in section 4, as well as other relevant inter-
national standards and best practices as such stand-
ards and practices develop, and to seek the universal 
adoption and implementation of such standards and 
practices by foreign states; 
(3) support foreign states in promoting good 
governance and combating public corruption; 
(4) encourage and assist foreign partner coun-
tries to identify and close loopholes in their legal and 
financial architecture, including the misuse of anon-
ymous shell companies, free trade zones, and other 
legal structures, that are enabling illicit finance and 
authoritarian capital to penetrate their financial sys-
tems; 
(5) help foreign partner countries to investigate 
and combat the use of corruption by authoritarian
1139 
governments, particularly that of Vladimir Putin in 
Russia, as a tool of malign influence worldwide; 
(6) make use of sanctions authorities, such as 
the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability 
Act (enacted as subtitle F of title XII of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2017 (Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note)), 
to identify and take action against corrupt foreign 
actors; and 
(7) ensure coordination between the depart-
ments and agencies of the United States Govern-
ment with jurisdiction over the advancement of good 
governance in foreign states. 
(d) ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTION FUND.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 
establish in the Department of State a fund to be 
known as the ‘‘Anti-Corruption Action Fund’’ to aid 
foreign states to prevent and fight public corruption 
and develop rule of law-based governance structures, 
including accountable investigative, prosecutorial, 
and judicial bodies, and supplement existing foreign 
assistance and diplomacy with respect to such ef-
forts. 
(2) FUNDING.—There is authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Fund an amount equal to five per-
1140 
cent of each civil and criminal fine and penalty im-
posed pursuant to actions brought under the For-
eign Corrupt Practices Act on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act for each fiscal year. 
Amounts appropriated pursuant to this authoriza-
tion shall be authorized to remain available until ex-
pended. 
(3) SUPPORT.—The Anti-Corruption Action 
Fund may support governmental and nongovern-
mental parties in advancing the goals specified in 
paragraph (1) and shall be allocated in a manner 
complementary to existing United States foreign as-
sistance, diplomacy, and the anti-corruption activi-
ties of other international donors. 
(4) PREFERENCE.—In programing foreign as-
sistance using the Anti-Corruption Action Fund, the 
Secretary of State shall give preference to projects 
that— 
(A) assist countries that are undergoing 
historic opportunities for democratic transition, 
combating corruption, and the establishment of 
the rule of law; 
(B) are important to United States na-
tional interests; and
1141 
(C) where United States foreign assistance 
could significantly increase the chance of a suc-
cessful transition described in subparagraph 
(A). 
(5) PUBLIC
DIPLOMACY.—The Secretary of 
State shall publicize that funds provided to the Anti- 
Corruption Action Fund originate from actions 
brought under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act so 
as to demonstrate that monies obtained under such 
Act are contributing to international anti-corruption 
work under this section, including by reducing the 
pressure that United States businesses face to pay 
bribes overseas, thereby contributing to greater 
United States competitiveness. 
(e) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall 
have primary responsibility for managing a whole-of- 
government effort to improve coordination among 
United States Government departments and agen-
cies, as well as with other donor organizations, that 
have a role in promoting good governance in foreign 
states and enhancing the ability of foreign states to 
combat public corruption. 
(2) INTERAGENCY
TASK
FORCE.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of
1142 
this Act, the Secretary of State shall establish and 
convene an Interagency Task Force composed of— 
(A) representatives appointed by the Presi-
dent from appropriate departments and agen-
cies, including the Department of State, the 
United States Agency for International Devel-
opment (USAID), the Department of Justice, 
the Department of the Treasury, the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security, the Department of 
Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Mil-
lennium Challenge Corporation, and the intel-
ligence community; and 
(B) representatives from any other United 
States Government departments or agencies, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(3) ADDITIONAL MEETINGS.—The Interagency 
Task Force established in paragraph (2) shall meet 
not less than twice per year. 
(4) DUTIES.—The Interagency Task Force es-
tablished in paragraph (2) shall— 
(A) evaluate, on a general basis, the effec-
tiveness of existing foreign assistance programs, 
including programs funded by the Anti-Corrup-
tion Action Fund under section 6, that have an 
impact on promoting good governance in for-
1143 
eign states and enhancing the ability of foreign 
states to combat public corruption; 
(B) assist the Secretary of State in man-
aging the whole-of-government effort described 
in subsection (a); 
(C) identify general areas in which such 
whole-of-government effort could be enhanced; 
and 
(D) recommend specific programs for for-
eign states that may be used to enhance such 
whole-of-government effort. 
(f) DESIGNATION OF EMBASSY ANTI-CORRUPTION 
POINTS OF CONTACT.— 
(1) EMBASSY ANTI-CORRUPTION POINT OF CON-
TACT.—The chief of mission of each United States 
embassy shall designate an anti-corruption point of 
contact for each such embassy. 
(2) DUTIES.—The designated anti-corruption 
points of contact under paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) with guidance from the Interagency 
Task Force established under subsection (e), 
coordinate an interagency approach within 
United States embassies to combat public cor-
ruption in the foreign states in which such em-
bassies are located that is tailored to the needs
1144 
of such foreign states, including all relevant 
United States Government departments and 
agencies with a presence in such foreign states, 
such as the Department of State, USAID, the 
Department of Justice, the Department of the 
Treasury, the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity, the Department of Defense, the Millen-
nium Challenge Corporation, and the intel-
ligence community; 
(B) make recommendations regarding the 
use of the Anti-Corruption Action Fund under 
section 6 and other foreign assistance related to 
anti-corruption efforts in their respective for-
eign states, aligning such assistance with 
United States diplomatic engagement; and 
(C) ensure that anti-corruption activities 
carried out within their respective foreign states 
are included in regular reporting to the Sec-
retary of State and the Interagency Task Force 
under subsection (e), including United States 
embassy strategic planning documents and for-
eign assistance-related reporting, as appro-
priate. 
(3) TRAINING.—The Secretary of State shall 
develop and implement appropriate training for des-
1145 
ignated anti-corruption points of contact under this 
subsection. 
(g) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) REPORT
ON
PROMOTING
INTERNATIONAL 
STANDARDS
IN
COMBATING
CORRUPTION, 
KLEPTOCRACY, AND
ILLICIT
FINANCE.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Administrator of the USAID and the Secretary 
of the Treasury, shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report that— 
(A) summarizes any progress made by for-
eign states to adopt and implement each of the 
international standards in combating corrup-
tion, kleptocracy, and illicit finance listed in 
subsection (b); 
(B) details the efforts of the United States 
Government to promote such international 
standards; 
(C) identifies priority countries for out-
reach regarding such international standards; 
and 
(D) outlines a plan to encourage the adop-
tion and implementation of such international 
standards, including specific steps to take with
1146 
the priority countries identified in accordance 
with subparagraph (C). 
(2) REPORT ON PROGRESS TOWARD IMPLEMEN-
TATION.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter for 3 
years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Administrator of the USAID, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report sum-
marizing progress in implementing this Act, includ-
ing— 
(A) a description of the bureaucratic struc-
ture of the offices within the Department and 
USAID that are engaged in activities to combat 
corruption, kleptocracy, and illicit finance, and 
how such offices coordinate with one another; 
(B) information relating to the amount of 
funds deposited in the Anti-Corruption Action 
Fund established under section 6 and the obli-
gation, expenditure, and impact of such funds; 
(C) the activities of the Interagency Task 
Force established pursuant to subsection (e)(2); 
(D) the designation of anti-corruption 
points of contact for foreign states pursuant to 
subsection (f)(1) and any training provided to
1147 
such points of contact pursuant to subsection 
(f)(3); and 
(E) additional resources or personnel needs 
to better achieve the goals of this Act to combat 
corruption, kleptocracy, and illicit finance over-
seas. 
(3) ONLINE
PLATFORM.—The Secretary of 
State, in conjunction with the Administrator of the 
USAID, shall consolidate existing reports and brief-
ings with anti-corruption components into one on-
line, public platform, that includes the following: 
(A) The Annual Country Reports on 
Human Rights Practices. 
(B) The Fiscal Transparency Report. 
(C) The Investment Climate Statement re-
ports. 
(D) The International Narcotics Control 
Strategy Report. 
(E) Any other relevant public reports. 
(F) Links to third-party indicators and 
compliance mechanisms used by the United 
States Government to inform policy and pro-
gramming, such as the following: 
(i) The International Finance Cor-
poration’s Doing Business surveys.
1148 
(ii) The International Budget Part-
nership’s Open Budget Index. 
(iii) Multilateral peer review anti-cor-
ruption compliance mechanisms, such as 
the Organisation for Economic Co-oper-
ation and Development’s Working Group 
on Bribery in International Business 
Transactions, the Follow-Up Mechanism 
for the Inter-American Convention against 
Corruption (MESICIC), and the United 
Nations Convention against Corruption, 
done at New York October 31, 2003, to 
further highlight expert international views 
on foreign state challenges and efforts. 
SEC. 1239. REPORT ON THREATS TO THE UNITED STATES 
ARMED FORCES FROM THE RUSSIAN FED-
ERATION. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 
in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence 
and the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report on all threats to the 
United States Armed Forces and personnel of the United 
States from the Russian Federation and associated 
agents, entities, and proxies.
1149 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report under subsection (a) 
shall include the following: 
(1) An assessment of all threats to the United 
States Armed Forces and personnel of the United 
States from Russia and associated agents, entities, 
and proxies in all theaters where United States 
Armed Forces are engaged. 
(2) A description of all actions taken to ensure 
force protection of both the United States Armed 
Forces and diplomats of the United States. 
(3) A description of non-military actions taken 
to emphasize to Russia that the United States will 
not tolerate threats to the armed forces of the 
United States, the allies of the United States, and 
the diplomats and operations of the United States. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (b) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means the following: 
(1) The Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
Representatives.
1150 
(2) The Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
Subtitle E—Matters Relating to 
Europe and NATO 
SEC. 1241. LIMITATIONS ON USE OF FUNDS TO REDUCE 
THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE 
ARMED FORCES SERVING ON ACTIVE DUTY 
WHO ARE STATIONED IN GERMANY, TO RE-
DUCE THE TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF 
THE ARMED FORCES STATIONED IN EUROPE, 
AND TO DIVEST MILITARY INFRASTRUCTURE 
IN EUROPE. 
(a) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO REDUCE THE 
TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES 
SERVING ON ACTIVE DUTY WHO ARE STATIONED IN 
GERMANY.—None of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated or otherwise made available to the Department of 
Defense may be used during the period beginning on the 
date of the enactment of this Act and ending on December 
31, 2021, to take any action to reduce the total number 
of members of the Armed Forces serving on active duty 
who are stationed in Germany below the levels present on 
June 10, 2020, until 180 days after the date on which 
the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint
1151 
Chiefs of Staff have separately submitted to the congres-
sional defense committees the following: 
(1) A certification that— 
(A) such a reduction is in the national se-
curity interest of the United States and will not 
significantly undermine the security of the 
United States or its allies in the region, includ-
ing a justification explaining the analysis be-
hind the certification; and 
(B) the Secretary has appropriately con-
sulted with United States allies and partners in 
Europe, including all members of the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization (NATO), regarding 
such a reduction. 
(2) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the security of United States 
allies and partners in Europe and on interoperability 
and joint activities with such allies and partners, in-
cluding major military exercises. 
(3) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the ability to deter Russian 
aggression and ensure the territorial integrity of 
United States allies and partners in Europe.
1152 
(4) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the ability to counter Russian 
malign activity. 
(5) A detailed analysis of where the members of 
the Armed Forces will be moved and stationed as a 
consequence of such a reduction. 
(6) A detailed plan for how such a reduction 
would be implemented. 
(7) A detailed analysis of the cost implications 
of such a reduction, to include the cost associated 
with new facilities to be constructed at the location 
to which the members of the Armed Forces are to 
be moved and stationed. 
(8) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on United States service mem-
bers and their families stationed in Europe. 
(9) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on Joint Force Planning. 
(10) A detailed explanation of the impact such 
a reduction would have on implementation of the 
National Defense Strategy and a certification that 
the reduction would not negatively affect implemen-
tation of the National Defense Strategy. 
(b) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO REDUCE THE 
TOTAL NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES
1153 
STATIONED IN EUROPE.—None of the funds authorized 
to be appropriated or otherwise made available for the De-
partment of Defense may be used during the period begin-
ning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending 
on December 31, 2021, to reduce the total number of 
members of the Armed Forces serving on active duty who 
are stationed in Europe below the levels present on June 
10, 2020, until 180 days after the date on which the Sec-
retary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 
of Staff have separately submitted to the congressional de-
fense committees the following: 
(1) A certification that— 
(A) such a reduction is in the national se-
curity interest of the United States and will not 
significantly undermine the security of the 
United States or its allies in the region, includ-
ing a justification explaining the analysis be-
hind the certification. 
(B) the Secretary has appropriately con-
sulted with United States allies and partners in 
Europe, including all members of NATO, re-
garding such a reduction. 
(2) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the security of United States 
allies and partners in Europe and on interoperability
1154 
and joint activities with such allies and partners, in-
cluding major military exercises. 
(3) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the ability to deter Russian 
aggression and ensure the territorial integrity of 
United States allies and partners in Europe. 
(4) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on the ability to counter Russian 
malign activity. 
(5) A detailed analysis of where the forces will 
be moved and stationed as a consequence of such a 
reduction. 
(6) A detailed plan for how such a reduction 
would be implemented. 
(7) A detailed analysis of the cost implications 
of such a reduction, to include the cost associated 
with new facilities to be constructed at the location 
to which the members of the Armed Forces are to 
be moved and stationed. 
(8) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on service members and their 
families stationed in Europe. 
(9) A detailed analysis of the impact such a re-
duction would have on Joint Force Planning.
1155 
(10) A detailed explanation of the impact such 
a reduction would have on implementation of the 
National Defense Strategy and a certification that 
the reduction would not negatively affect implemen-
tation of the National Defense Strategy. 
(c) LIMITATION TO DIVEST MILITARY INFRASTRUC-
TURE IN EUROPE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
may not take any action to divest any infrastructure 
or real property in Europe under the operational 
control of the Department of Defense unless, prior 
to taking such action, the Secretary certifies to the 
congressional defense committees that no military 
requirement for future use of the infrastructure or 
real property is foreseeable. 
(2) SUNSET.—This subsection shall terminate 
on the date that is 5 years after the date of the en-
actment of this Act. 
SEC. 1242. SENSE OF CONGRESS REAFFIRMING THE COM-
MITMENT OF THE UNITED STATES TO NATO. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) On April 4, 1949, the North Atlantic Trea-
ty Organization (NATO) was founded on the prin-
ciples of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule
1156 
of law with the aim of promoting collective security 
through collective defense. 
(2) NATO has been the most successful mili-
tary alliance in history and, for over seven decades, 
an example of successful political cooperation. 
(3) NATO’s commitment to collective defense is 
essential to deter security threat against its mem-
bers. 
(4) NATO strengthens the security of the 
United States by enabling United States forces to 
work by, with, and through a network of committed, 
interoperable allies. 
(5) NATO solidarity sends a clear collective 
message to Russia that members of the alliance will 
not tolerate aggressive acts that threaten their secu-
rity and sovereignty. 
(6) In response to changing national security 
threats, NATO continues to adapt to take on new 
dynamics such as terrorism, hybrid warfare, the 
spread of weapons of mass destruction, and cyber 
attacks. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States reaffirms its commitment 
to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as the
1157 
foundation of transatlantic security and defense , in-
cluding Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty; and 
(2) NATO plays a critical role in preserving 
peace and stability in the transatlantic region. 
SEC. 1243. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUPPORT FOR COORDI-
NATED ACTION TO ENSURE THE SECURITY 
OF BALTIC ALLIES. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the continued security of the Baltic states 
of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania is critical to 
achieving United States national security interests 
and defense objectives against the acute and formi-
dable threat posed by Russia; 
(2) the United States and the Baltic states are 
leaders in the mission of defending independence 
and democracy from aggression and in promoting 
stability and security within the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization (NATO), with non-NATO part-
ners, and with other international organizations such 
as the European Union; 
(3) the Baltic states are model NATO allies in 
terms of burden sharing and capital investment in 
materiel critical to United States and allied security, 
investment of over 2 percent of their gross domestic 
product on defense expenditure, allocating over 20
1158 
percent of their defense budgets on capital mod-
ernization, matching security assistance from the 
United States, frequently deploying their forces 
around the world in support of allied and United 
States objectives, and sharing diplomatic, technical, 
military, and analytical expertise on defense and se-
curity matters; 
(4) the United States should continue to 
strengthen bilateral and multilateral defense by, 
with, and through allied nations, particularly those 
which possess expertise and dexterity but do not 
enjoy the benefits of national economies of scale; 
(5) the United States should pursue consistent 
efforts focused on defense and security assistance, 
coordination, and planning designed to ensure the 
continued security of the Baltic states and on deter-
ring current and future challenges to the national 
sovereignty of United States allies and partners in 
the Baltic region; and 
(6) such an initiative should include an innova-
tive and comprehensive conflict deterrence strategy 
for the Baltic region encompassing the unique geog-
raphy of the Baltic states, modern and diffuse 
threats to their land, sea, and air spaces, and nec-
essary improvements to their defense posture, in-
1159 
cluding command-and-control infrastructure, intel-
ligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities, 
communications equipment and networks, and spe-
cial forces. 
SEC. 1244. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUPPORT FOR ESTO-
NIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and 
Lithuania are highly valued allies of the United 
States, and they have repeatedly demonstrated their 
commitment to advancing our mutual interests as 
well as those of the NATO Alliance. 
(2) Operation Atlantic Resolve is a series of ex-
ercises and coordinating efforts demonstrating the 
United States’ commitment to its European partners 
and allies, including the Baltic countries of Estonia, 
Latvia, and Lithuania, with the shared goal of peace 
and stability in the region. Operation Atlantic Re-
solve strengthens communication and understanding, 
and is an important effort to deter Russian aggres-
sion in the region. 
(3) Through Operation Atlantic Resolve, the 
European Deterrence Initiative undertakes exercises, 
training, and rotational presence necessary to reas-
1160 
sure and integrate our allies, including the Baltic 
countries, into a common defense framework. 
(4) All three Baltic countries contributed to the 
NATO-led International Security Assistance Force 
in Afghanistan, sending troops and operating with 
few caveats. The Baltic countries continue to commit 
resources and troops to the Resolute Support Mis-
sion in Afghanistan. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Congress— 
(1) reaffirms its support for the principle of col-
lective defense in Article 5 of the North Atlantic 
Treaty for our NATO allies, including Estonia, Lat-
via, and Lithuania; 
(2) supports the sovereignty, independence, ter-
ritorial integrity, and inviolability of Estonia, Latvia, 
and Lithuania as well as their internationally recog-
nized borders, and expresses concerns over increas-
ingly aggressive military maneuvering by the Rus-
sian Federation near their borders and airspace; 
(3) expresses concern over and condemns sub-
versive and destabilizing activities by the Russian 
Federation within the Baltic countries; and 
(4) encourages the Administration to further 
enhance defense cooperation efforts with Estonia, 
Latvia, and Lithuania and supports the efforts of
1161 
their Governments to provide for the defense of their 
people and sovereign territory. 
SEC. 1245. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SUPPORT FOR GEOR-
GIA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Georgia is a valued friend of the United 
States and has repeatedly demonstrated its commit-
ment to advancing the mutual interests of both 
countries, including the deployment of Georgian 
forces as part of the former International Security 
Assistance Force (ISAF) and the current Resolute 
Support Mission led by the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO) in Afghanistan and the Multi- 
National Force in Iraq. 
(2) The European Deterrence Initiative builds 
the partnership capacity of Georgia so it can work 
more closely with the United States and NATO, as 
well as provide for its own defense. 
(3) In addition to the European Deterrence Ini-
tiative, Georgia’s participation in the NATO initia-
tive Partnership for Peace is paramount to inter-
operability with the United States and NATO, and 
establishing a more peaceful environment in the re-
gion.
1162 
(4) Despite the losses suffered, as a NATO 
partner, Georgia is committed to the Resolute Sup-
port Mission in Afghanistan with the fifth-largest 
contingent on the ground. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should— 
(1) reaffirm support for an enduring strategic 
partnership between the United States and Georgia; 
(2) support Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial 
integrity within its internationally-recognized bor-
ders, and does not recognize the independence of the 
Abkhazia and South Ossetia regions currently occu-
pied by the Russian Federation; 
(3) continue support for multi-domain security 
assistance for Georgia in the form of lethal and non- 
lethal measures to build resiliency, bolster deterrence 
against Russian aggression, and promote stability in 
the region, by— 
(A) strengthening defensive capabilities 
and promote readiness; and 
(B) improving interoperability with NATO 
forces; and 
(4) further enhance security cooperation and 
engagement with Georgia and other Black Sea re-
gional partners.
1163 
SEC. 1246. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON BURDEN SHARING BY 
PARTNERS AND ALLIES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) The United States’ alliances and other crit-
ical defense partnerships are a cornerstone of De-
partment of Defense (DOD) efforts to deter aggres-
sion from our adversaries, counter violent extre-
mism, and preserve United States national security 
interests in the face of challenges to those interests 
by Russia, China and other actors. 
(2) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(NATO) is the most successful military alliance in 
history, having deterred war between major state 
powers for more than 70 years. 
(3) Collective security and the responsibility of 
each member of the security of the other members 
as well as the alliance as a whole is a pillar of the 
NATO alliance. 
(4) NATO members other than the United 
States collectively expend over $300,000,000,000 in 
defense investments annually and maintain military 
forces totaling an estimated 1,900,000 service mem-
bers, bolstering the alliance’s collective capacity to 
counter shared threats.
1164 
(5) At the NATO Wales Summit in 2014, 
NATO members pledged to strive to increase their 
own defense spending to 2 percent of their respective 
gross domestic products and to spend at least 20 
percent of their defense budgets on equipment by 
2024 as part of their burden sharing commitments. 
(6) Since 2014, there has been a steady in-
crease in allied defense spending, with 22 member 
countries meeting defense spending targets in 2018 
and having submitted plans to meet the targets by 
2024. 
(7) In addition to individual defense spending 
contributions, NATO allies and partners also con-
tribute to NATO and United States operations 
around the world, including the Resolute Support 
Mission in Afghanistan and the Global Coalition to 
Defeat the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). 
(8) South Korea hosts a baseline of 28,500 
United States forces including the Eighth Army and 
Seventh Air Force. 
(9) South Korea maintains Aegis Ballistic Mis-
sile Defense and Patriot Batteries that contribute to 
regional Ballistic Missile Defense, is a participant in 
the Enforcement Coordination Center, and is a sig-
1165 
nificant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping 
operations. 
(10) South Korea is an active consumer of 
United States Foreign Military Sales (FMS) with 
approximately $30,500,000,000 in active FMS cases 
and makes significant financial contributions to sup-
port forward deployed United States forces in South 
Korea, including contributions of $924,000,000 
under the Special Measures Agreement in 2019 and 
over 90 percent of the cost of developing Camp 
Humphreys. 
(11) Japan hosts 54,000 United States forces 
including the Seventh Fleet, the only forward-de-
ployed United States aircraft carrier, and the United 
States Marine Corps’ III Marine Expeditionary 
Force. 
(12) Japan maintains Aegis Ballistic Missile 
Defense and Patriot Batteries that contribute to re-
gional Ballistic Missile Defense, conducts bilateral 
presence operations and mutual asset protection 
missions with United States forces, and is a capacity 
building contributor to United Nations peacekeeping 
operations. 
(13) Japan is an active consumer of United 
States FMS with approximately $28,400,000,000 in
1166 
active FMS cases and makes significant financial 
contributions to enable optimized United States mili-
tary posture, including contributions of approxi-
mately $2,000,000,000 annually under the Special 
Measures Agreement, $187,000,000 annually under 
the 
Japan 
Facilities 
Improvement 
Program, 
$12,100,000,000 for the Futenma Replacement Fa-
cility, $4,800,000,000 for Marine Corps Air Station 
Iwakuni, and $3,100,000,000 for construction on 
Guam to support the movement of United States 
Marines from Okinawa. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States Government should focus 
on United States national security requirements for 
investment in forward presence, joint exercises, in-
vestments, and commitments that contribute to the 
security of the United States and collective security, 
and cease efforts that solely focus on the financial 
contributions of United States allies and partners 
when negotiating joint security arrangements; 
(2) the United States must continue to 
strengthen its alliances and security partnerships 
with like-minded democracies around the world to 
deter aggression from authoritarian competitors and
1167 
promote peace and respect for democratic values and 
human rights around the world; 
(3) United States partners and allies should 
continue to increase their military capacity and en-
hance their ability to contribute to global peace and 
security; 
(4) NATO allies should continue working to-
ward their 2014 Wales Defense Investment Pledge 
commitments; 
(5) the United States should work with the 
Governments of South Korea and Japan respectively 
to reach fair and equitable Special Measures Agree-
ments that reflect the critical security relationships 
between both countries and the United States; 
(6) the United States should maintain forward- 
deployed United States forces in order to better en-
sure United States national security and global sta-
bility; 
(7) alliances and partnerships are the corner-
stone of United States national security and critical 
to countering the threat posed by malign actors to 
the post-World War II liberal international order; 
and
1168 
(8) the United States and NATO allies should 
prioritize at each NATO Summit deterrence against 
Russian aggression. 
SEC. 1247. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON NATO’S RESPONSE TO 
THE COVID–19 PANDEMIC. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(NATO) has been working with allies and partners 
to provide support to the civilian response to the 
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (commonly referred to as 
‘‘COVID–19’’) pandemic, including logistics and 
planning, field hospitals, and transport, while main-
taining NATO’s operational readiness and con-
tinuing to carry out critical NATO missions. 
(2) Since the beginning of the pandemic, NATO 
allies and partners have completed more than 350 
airlift flights, supplying hundreds of tons of critical 
supplies globally, have built nearly 100 field hos-
pitals and dedicated more than half a million troops 
to support the civilian response to the pandemic. 
(3) NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response 
Coordination Centre has been operating 24 hours, 7 
days a week to coordinate requests for supplies and 
resources.
1169 
(4) The NATO Support and Procurement 
Agency’s Strategic Airlift Capability and Strategic 
Airlift International Solution programs have char-
tered flights to transport medical supplies between 
partners and allies. 
(5) NATO established Rapid Air Mobility to 
speed up military air transport of medical supplies 
and resources to allies and partners experiencing a 
shortage of medical supplies and personal protective 
equipment. 
(6) In June 2020, NATO Defense Ministers 
agreed to future steps to prepare for a potential sec-
ond wave of the COVID–19 pandemic, including a 
new operation plan, establishing a stockpile of med-
ical equipment and supplies, and a new fund to ac-
quire medical supplies and services. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) NATO’s response to the COVID–19 pan-
demic is an excellent example of the democratic alli-
ance’s capacity tackling overwhelming logistical chal-
lenges through close collaboration; 
(2) the United States should remain committed 
to strengthening NATO’s operational response to 
the pandemic; and
1170 
(3) the United States should fulfill its commit-
ments made at the 2020 NATO Defense Ministerial 
and continue to bolster the work of the Euro-Atlan-
tic Disaster Response Coordination Centre, the 
NATO Support and Procurement Agency’s Strategic 
Airlift Capability and Strategic Airlift International 
Solution programs, and other efforts to utilize 
NATO’s capabilities to support the civilian pandemic 
response. 
SEC. 1248. CLARIFICATION AND EXPANSION OF SANCTIONS 
RELATING 
TO 
CONSTRUCTION 
OF 
NORD 
STREAM 
OR 
TURKSTREAM 
PIPELINE 
PROJECTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a)(1) of section 7503 
of the Protecting Europe’s Energy Security Act of 2019 
(title LXXV of Public Law 116–92; 22 U.S.C. 9526 note) 
is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘or pipe-
laying activities’’ after ‘‘pipe-laying’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (B)— 
(A) in clause (i)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, or significantly fa-
cilitated the sale, lease, or provision of,’’ 
after ‘‘provided’’; and
1171 
(ii) by striking ‘‘; or’’ and inserting a 
semicolon; 
(B) in clause (ii), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iii) 
provided 
significant 
under-
writing services or insurance for those ves-
sels; or 
‘‘(iv) provided significant services or 
facilities for technology upgrades or instal-
lation of welding equipment for, or retro-
fitting or tethering of, those vessels.’’. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—Subsection (i) of such section is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (5) as para-
graph (6); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(5) 
PIPE-LAYING
ACTIVITIES.—The 
term 
‘pipe-laying activities’ means activities that facilitate 
pipe-laying, including site preparation, trenching, 
surveying, placing rocks, stringing, bending, welding, 
coating, lowering of pipe, and backfilling.’’. 
(c) CLARIFICATION.—The amendments made by sub-
section (a) shall take effect in accordance with (d) of sec-
1172 
tion 7503 of the Protecting Europe’s Energy Security Act 
of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 9526 note). 
(d) INTERIM REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable and 
not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit 
a report on the matters required by subsection (a) 
of section 7503 of the Protecting Europe’s Energy 
Security Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 9526 note), as 
amended by this section, with respect to the pe-
riod— 
(A) beginning on the later of— 
(i) the date of the enactment of this 
Act; or 
(ii) the date of the most recent sub-
mission of a report required by such sec-
tion 7503; and 
(B) ending on the date on which the report 
required by this subparagraph is submitted. 
(2) TREATMENT.—A report submitted pursuant 
to paragraph (1) shall be— 
(A) submitted to the same committees as 
a report submitted under subsection (a) of such 
section 7503; and
1173 
(B) otherwise treated as a report sub-
mitted under such subsection (a) for purposes 
of all authorities granted by such section pursu-
ant to such a report. 
SEC. 1249. COORDINATION OF STOCKPILES WITH THE 
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION 
AND OTHER ALLIES. 
Title I of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 
U.S.C. 5411 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 109. COORDINATION WITH THE NORTH ATLANTIC 
TREATY ORGANIZATION AND OTHER ALLIES. 
‘‘(a) COORDINATION REQUIRED.—If the President 
determines to use or invoke an authority under this title 
in the context of the outbreak of a pandemic that affects 
other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) mem-
ber countries or affects any country with which the United 
States has entered into a mutual defense treaty, the Presi-
dent, acting through the Secretary of Defense with the 
concurrence of the Secretary of State, and in consultation 
with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with appropriate counterparts 
of NATO member countries or mutual defense trea-
ty countries to assess any logistical challenges relat-
1174 
ing to demand or supply chain gaps with respect to 
the United States and such countries; 
‘‘(2) work to fill such gaps in order to ensure 
a necessary and appropriate level of scarce and crit-
ical material essential to the national defense for the 
United States and such countries; and 
‘‘(3) promote access to vaccines or other rem-
edies through Federally funded medical research to 
respond to the declared pandemic. 
‘‘(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should work with its NATO 
and other allies and partners to build permanent mecha-
nisms to strengthen supply chains, fill supply chain gaps, 
and maintain commitments made at the June 2020 NATO 
Defense Ministerial.’’. 
Subtitle F—Matters Relating to the 
Indo-Pacific Region 
SEC. 1251. INDO-PACIFIC REASSURANCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) a stable, peaceful, and secure Indo-Pacific 
region is vital to United States economic and na-
tional security; 
(2) revisionist states, rogue states, violent ex-
tremist organizations, and natural and manmade
1175 
disasters are persistent challenges to regional sta-
bility and security; 
(3) maintaining stability and upholding a rules- 
based order requires a holistic United States strat-
egy that— 
(A) synchronizes all elements of national 
power; 
(B) is inclusive of United States allies and 
partner countries; and 
(C) 
ensures 
a 
persistent, 
predictable 
United States presence to reinforce regional de-
fense; 
(4) enhancing regional defense requires robust 
efforts to increase capability, readiness, and respon-
siveness to deter and mitigate destabilizing activities; 
(5) the Department of Defense should pursue 
an integrated program of activities to— 
(A) reassure United States allies and part-
ner countries in the Indo-Pacific region; 
(B) appropriately prioritize activities and 
resources to implement the National Defense 
Strategy; and 
(C) enhance the ability of Congress to pro-
vide oversight of and support to Department of 
Defense efforts;
1176 
(6) an integrated, coherent, and strategic pro-
gram of activities in the Indo-Pacific region, similar 
to the European Deterrence Initiative (originally the 
European Reassurance Initiative), will enhance 
United States presence and positioning, allow for ad-
ditional exercises, improve infrastructure and logis-
tics, and build allied and partner capacity to deter 
aggression, strengthen ally and partner interoper-
ability, and demonstrate United States commitment 
to Indo-Pacific countries; 
(7) an integrated, coherent, and strategic pro-
gram of activities in the Indo-Pacific region will also 
assist in resourcing budgetary priorities and enhanc-
ing transparency and oversight of programs and ac-
tivities to better enable a coordinated and strategic 
plan for Department of Defense programs; 
(8) not less than $3,578,360,000 of base fund-
ing should be allocated to fully support such pro-
gram of activities in fiscal year 2021; and 
(9) the Department of Defense should ensure 
adequate, consistent planning is conducted for fu-
ture funding and build upon the activities identified 
in fiscal year 2021 in future budget requests, as ap-
propriate.
1177 
(b) INDO-PACIFIC REASSURANCE INITIATIVE.—The 
Secretary of Defense shall carry out a program of 
prioritized activities to reassure United States allies and 
partner countries in the Indo-Pacific region that shall be 
known as the ‘‘Indo-Pacific Reassurance Initiative’’ (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘Initiative’’). 
(c) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the Initiative 
shall include reassuring United States allies and partner 
countries in the Indo-Pacific region by— 
(1) optimizing the presence of United States 
Armed Forces in the region; 
(2) strengthening and maintaining bilateral and 
multilateral military exercises and training with such 
countries; 
(3) improving infrastructure in the region to 
enhance the responsiveness of United States Armed 
Forces; 
(4) enhancing the prepositioning of equipment 
and materiel in the region; and 
(5) building the defense and security capabili-
ties, capacity, and cooperation of such countries. 
(d) PLAN RELATING TO TRANSPARENCY FOR THE 
INDO-PACIFIC REASSURANCE INITIATIVE.— 
(1) PLAN REQUIRED.—
1178 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than Feb-
ruary 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in consultation with the 
Commander of the United States Indo-Pacific 
Command, shall submit to the congressional de-
fense committees a future years plan on activi-
ties and resources of the Initiative. 
(B) APPLICABILITY.—The plan shall apply 
to the Initiative with respect to the first fiscal 
year beginning after the date of submission of 
the plan and at least the 4 succeeding fiscal 
years. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The plan re-
quired under paragraph (1) shall include each of the 
following: 
(A) A summary of progress made towards 
achieving the objectives of the Initiative. 
(B) An assessment of resource require-
ments to achieve such objectives. 
(C) An assessment of capabilities require-
ments to achieve such objectives. 
(D) An assessment of logistics require-
ments, including force enablers, equipment, 
supplies, storage, and maintenance require-
ments, to achieve such objectives.
1179 
(E) An identification of the intended force 
structure and posture of the assigned and allo-
cated forces within the area of responsibility of 
the United States Indo-Pacific Command for 
the last fiscal year of the plan and the manner 
in which such force structure and posture sup-
port such objectives. 
(F) An identification and assessment of re-
quired infrastructure and military construction 
investments to achieve such objectives, includ-
ing potential infrastructure investments pro-
posed by host countries, new construction or 
modernization of existing sites that would be 
funded by the United States, and a master plan 
that includes the following: 
(i) A list of specific locations, orga-
nized by country, in which the Commander 
of the United States Indo-Pacific Com-
mand anticipates requiring infrastructure 
investments to support an enduring or 
periodic military presence in the region. 
(ii) A list of specific infrastructure in-
vestments required at each location identi-
fied under clause (i), to include the project 
title and estimated cost of each project.
1180 
(iii) A brief explanation for how each 
location identified under clause (i) and in-
frastructure investments identified under 
clause (ii) support a validated requirement 
or component of the overall strategy in the 
region. 
(iv) A discussion of any gaps in the 
current 
infrastructure 
authorities 
that 
would preclude implementation of the in-
frastructure investments identified under 
clause (ii). 
(v) A description of the type and size 
of military force elements that would main-
tain an enduring presence or operate peri-
odically from each location identified under 
clause (i). 
(vi) A summary of kinetic and non-ki-
netic vulnerabilities for current locations 
and each location identified in clause (i), to 
include— 
(I) the level of risk associated 
with each vulnerability; and 
(II) the proposed mitigations and 
projected costs to address each such 
vulnerability, to include—
1181 
(aa) hardening and other re-
silience measures; 
(bb) 
active 
and 
passive 
counter-Intelligence, Surveillance, 
and Reconnaissance; 
(cc) 
active 
and 
passive 
counter Positioning, Navigation, 
and Timing; 
(dd) air and missile defense 
capabilities; 
(ee) enhanced logistics and 
sea lines of communication secu-
rity; and 
(ff) other issues identified by 
the Commander of the United 
States Indo-Pacific Command. 
(G) An assessment of logistics require-
ments, including force enablers, equipment, 
supplies, storage, fuel storage and distribution, 
and maintenance requirements, to achieve such 
objectives. 
(H) An analysis of the challenges to the 
ability of the United States to deploy significant 
forces from the continental United States to the 
Indo-Pacific theater in the event of a major
1182 
contingency, and a description of the plans of 
the Department of Defense, including military 
exercises, to address such challenges. 
(I) An assessment and plan for security co-
operation investments to enhance such objec-
tives. 
(J) A plan to resource United States force 
posture and capabilities, including— 
(i) the infrastructure capacity of exist-
ing locations and their ability to accommo-
date additional United States forces in the 
Indo-Pacific region; 
(ii) the potential new locations for ad-
ditional United States Armed Forces in the 
Indo-Pacific region, including an assess-
ment of infrastructure and military con-
struction resources necessary to accommo-
date such forces; 
(iii) a detailed timeline to achieve de-
sired posture requirements; 
(iv) a detailed assessment of the re-
sources necessary to achieve the require-
ments of the plan, including specific cost 
estimates for each project under the Initia-
tive to support optimized presence, exer-
1183 
cises 
and 
training, 
enhanced 
prepositioning, 
improved 
infrastructure, 
and building partnership capacity; and 
(v) a detailed timeline to achieve the 
force posture and capabilities, including 
force requirements. 
(K) A detailed explanation of any signifi-
cant modifications of the requirements or re-
sources, as compared to plans previously sub-
mitted under paragraph (1). 
(L) Any other matters the Secretary of 
Defense determines should be included. 
(3) FORM.—The plan required under paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
include a classified annex. 
(e) BUDGET SUBMISSION INFORMATION.—For fiscal 
year 2022 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary 
of Defense shall include in the budget justification mate-
rials submitted to Congress in support of the Department 
of Defense budget for that fiscal year (as submitted with 
the budget of the President under section 1105(a) of title 
31, United States Code)— 
(1) the amounts, by budget function and as a 
separate item, requested for the Department of De-
1184 
fense for such fiscal year for all programs and activi-
ties under the Initiative; and 
(2) a detailed budget display for the Initiative, 
including— 
(A) with respect to procurement ac-
counts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, line item, and 
line item title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amounts; 
(B) with respect to research, development, 
test, and evaluation accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, line number, program ele-
ment, and program element title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount; 
(C) with respect to operation and mainte-
nance accounts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account title, 
budget activity title, line number, and sub-
activity group title; and 
(ii) a description of how such amounts 
will specifically be used;
1185 
(D) with respect to military personnel ac-
counts— 
(i) amounts displayed by account, 
budget activity, budget subactivity, and 
budget subactivity title; and 
(ii) a description of the requirements 
for each such amount; and 
(E) with respect to each project under 
military construction accounts (including with 
respect to unspecified minor military construc-
tion and amounts for planning and design), the 
country, location, project title, and project 
amount for each fiscal year. 
(f) END OF FISCAL YEAR REPORT.—Not later than 
November 20, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees a report that contains— 
(1) a detailed summary of funds obligated for 
the Initiative during the preceding fiscal year; and 
(2) a detailed comparison of funds obligated for 
the Initiative during the preceding fiscal year to the 
amount of funds requested for the Initiative for such 
fiscal year in the materials submitted to Congress by 
the Secretary in support of the budget of the Presi-
dent for that fiscal year as required by subsection
1186 
(e), including with respect to each of the accounts 
described in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), (D), and 
(E) of subsection (e)(2) and the information re-
quired under each such subparagraph. 
(g) BRIEFINGS REQUIRED.—Not later than March 1, 
2023, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense 
shall provide to the congressional defense committees a 
briefing on the status of all matters covered by the report 
required by section (f). 
(h) RELATIONSHIP TO BUDGET.—Nothing in this 
section shall be construed to affect section 1105(a) of title 
31, United States Code. 
(i) CONFORMING REPEAL.—Section 1251 of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 
(Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1676) is repealed. 
SEC. 1252. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO REDUCE THE 
TOTAL 
NUMBER 
OF 
MEMBERS 
OF 
THE 
ARMED FORCES SERVING ON ACTIVE DUTY 
WHO ARE DEPLOYED TO SOUTH KOREA. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act may be used to reduce the total number of mem-
bers of the Armed Forces serving on active duty who are 
deployed to South Korea below 28,500 until 180 days 
after the date on which the Secretary of Defense certifies 
to the congressional defense committees the following:
1187 
(1) Such a reduction is in the national security 
interest of the United States and will not signifi-
cantly undermine the security of United States allies 
in the region. 
(2) Such a reduction is commensurate with a 
reduction in the threat posed to the United States 
and its allies in the region by the Democratic Peo-
ple’s Republic of Korea. 
(3) Following such a reduction, the Republic of 
Korea would be capable of deterring a conflict on 
the Korean Peninsula. 
(4) The Secretary has appropriately consulted 
with allies of the United States, including South 
Korea and Japan, regarding such a reduction. 
SEC. 1253. IMPLEMENTATION OF GAO RECOMMENDATIONS 
ON 
PREPAREDNESS 
OF 
UNITED 
STATES 
FORCES TO COUNTER NORTH KOREAN CHEM-
ICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS. 
(a) PLAN REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall develop a plan to address the recommendations 
in the U.S. Government Accountability Office’s re-
port entitled ‘‘Preparedness of U.S. Forces to 
Counter North Korean Chemical and Biological 
Weapons’’ (GAO–20–79C).
1188 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The plan required under 
paragraph (1) shall, with respect to each rec-
ommendation in the report described in paragraph 
(1) that the Secretary of Defense has implemented 
or intends to implement, include— 
(A) a summary of actions that have been 
or will be taken to implement the recommenda-
tion; and 
(B) a schedule, with specific milestones, 
for completing implementation of the rec-
ommendation. 
(b) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees the plan required under subsection (a). 
(c) DEADLINE FOR IMPLEMENTATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), not later than 18 months after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense shall carry out activities to implement the plan 
developed under subsection (a). 
(2) EXCEPTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF CER-
TAIN RECOMMENDATIONS.— 
(A) 
DELAYED
IMPLEMENTATION.—The 
Secretary of Defense may initiate implementa-
1189 
tion of a recommendation in the report de-
scribed in subsection (a)(1) after the date speci-
fied in paragraph (1) if the Secretary provides 
the congressional defense committees with a 
specific justification for the delay in implemen-
tation of such recommendation on or before 
such date. 
(B) 
NONIMPLEMENTATION.—The 
Sec-
retary of Defense may decide not to implement 
a recommendation in the report described in 
subsection (a)(1) if the Secretary provides to 
the congressional defense committees, on or be-
fore the date specified in paragraph (1)— 
(i) a specific justification for the deci-
sion not to implement the recommendation; 
and 
(ii) a summary of alternative actions 
the Secretary plans to take to address the 
conditions underlying the recommendation. 
SEC. 1254. PUBLIC REPORTING OF CHINESE MILITARY 
COMPANIES 
OPERATING 
IN 
THE 
UNITED 
STATES. 
(a) DETERMINATION
OF OPERATIONS.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
and on an ongoing basis thereafter, the Secretary of De-
1190 
fense shall identify each entity the Secretary determines, 
based on the most recent information available, is— 
(1)(A) directly or indirectly owned, controlled, 
or beneficially owned by, or in an official or unoffi-
cial capacity acting as an agent of or on behalf of, 
the People’s Liberation Army or any of its affiliates; 
or 
(B) identified as a military-civil fusion contrib-
utor to the Chinese defense industrial base; 
(2) engaged in providing commercial services, 
manufacturing, producing, or exporting; and 
(3) operating directly or indirectly in the 
United States, including any of its territories and 
possessions. 
(b) SUBMISSION; PUBLICATION.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 
years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Senate an updated list of each 
entity determined to be a Chinese military company 
pursuant to subsection (a), in classified and unclas-
sified forms. 
(2) PUBLICATION.—Concurrent with the sub-
mission of a list under paragraph (1), the Secretary
1191 
shall publish the unclassified portion of such list in 
the Federal Register. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary may consult 
with the head of any appropriate Federal department or 
agency in making the determinations required under sub-
section (a) and shall transmit a copy of each list submitted 
under subsection (b)(1) to the heads of each appropriate 
Federal department and agency. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.— 
(1) MILITARY-CIVIL FUSION CONTRIBUTOR.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘military-civil fusion contrib-
utor’’ includes— 
(A) entities receiving assistance from the 
Government of China through science and tech-
nology efforts initiated under the Chinese mili-
tary industrial planning apparatus; 
(B) entities affiliated with the Chinese 
Ministry of Industry and Information Tech-
nology, including entities connected through 
Ministry schools, research partnerships, and 
state-aided science and technology projects; 
(C) entities receiving assistance from the 
Government of China or operational direction 
or policy guidance from the State Administra-
1192 
tion for Science, Technology and Industry for 
National Defense; 
(D) entities recognized and awarded with 
receipt of an innovation prize for science and 
technology by such State Administration; 
(E) any other entity or subsidiary defined 
as a ‘‘defense enterprise’’ by the Chinese State 
Council; and 
(F) entities residing in or affiliated with a 
military-civil fusion enterprise zone or receiving 
assistance from the Government of China 
through such enterprise zone. 
(2) PEOPLE’S
LIBERATION
ARMY.—The term 
‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ means the land, naval, 
and air military services, the police, and the intel-
ligence services of the Government of China, and 
any member of any such service or of such police. 
SEC. 1255. INDEPENDENT STUDY ON THE DEFENSE INDUS-
TRIAL BASE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall seek to enter into a contract with a federally funded 
research and development center to conduct a study on
1193 
the defense industrial base of the People’s Republic of 
China. 
(b) ELEMENTS
OF STUDY.—The study required 
under subsection (a) shall assess the resiliency and capac-
ity of China’s defense industrial base to support its objec-
tives in competition and conflict, including with respect 
to the following: 
(1) The manufacturing capacity and physical 
plant capacity of the defense industrial base, includ-
ing its ability to modernize to meet future needs. 
(2) Gaps in national-security-related domestic 
manufacturing capabilities, including non-existent, 
extinct, threatened, and single-point-of-failure capa-
bilities. 
(3) Supply chains with single points of failure 
or limited resiliency, especially suppliers at third-tier 
and lower. 
(4) Energy consumption and vulnerabilities. 
(5) Domestic education and manufacturing 
workforce skills. 
(6) Exclusive or dominant supply of military 
and civilian materiel, raw materials, or other goods 
(or components thereof) essential to China’s national 
security by the United States or United States allies 
and partners.
1194 
(7) The ability to meet the likely repair and 
new construction demands of the People’s Liberation 
Army in the event of a protracted conflict. 
(8) The availability of substitutes or alternative 
sources for goods identified pursuant to paragraph 
(6). 
(9) Recommendations for legislative, regulatory, 
and policy changes and other actions by the Presi-
dent and the heads of Federal agencies as appro-
priate based upon a reasoned assessment that the 
benefits outweigh the costs (broadly defined to in-
clude any economic, strategic, and national security 
benefits or costs) over the short, medium, and long- 
term to erode, in the event of a conflict, the ability 
of China’s defense industrial base to support the na-
tional objectives of China. 
(c) SUBMISSION TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.— 
Not later than 210 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the federally funded research and development 
center shall submit to the Secretary a report containing 
the study conducted under subsection (a). 
(d) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 240 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees the report submitted to the Secretary under sub-
1195 
section (c), without change but with any comments of the 
Secretary with respect to the report. 
SEC. 1256. DETERRENCE STRATEGY AGAINST CHINESE-ORI-
GIN CYBER ATTACKS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Cyber-enabled industrial espionage and the 
large scale cybertheft of personal information by the 
People’s Republic of China (‘‘PRC’’) are severely 
detrimental to national security, economic vitality, 
and technological preeminence. 
(2) Such attacks are generally situated within 
the context of state-sponsored gray zone campaigns 
and not generally ultimately attributable to sub-state 
actors. 
(3) The United States response to such espio-
nage has not included the imposition of sufficient 
costs on the PRC to deter or credibly respond to 
such attacks. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to deter and respond to industrial espionage 
and the theft of personal information conducted against 
the United States or United States persons by the PRC, 
PRC persons or entities, or persons or entities acting on 
behalf of the PRC.
1196 
(c) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a whole- 
of-government strategy, in unclassified and classified 
forms as specified in paragraphs (1) through (4), to im-
pose costs on the PRC or appropriate PRC persons or en-
tities in order to deter industrial espionage and the large- 
scale theft of personal information conducted by the PRC, 
PRC persons or entities, or persons or entities acting on 
behalf of the PRC against the United States or United 
States persons, that includes the following: 
(1) An unclassified discussion of United States 
interests in preventing such cyber attacks that in-
cludes a general discussion of the impact on the 
United States and its economy from such attacks. 
(2) An unclassified general discussion of the 
contexts in which and the means by which the 
United States will seek to deter such cyber attacks, 
that seeks to demonstrate the credibility of United 
States resolve to defend its interests in cyberspace. 
(3) A classified theory of deterrence with re-
spect to the PRC that explains— 
(A) the means or combination of means, 
including available non-cyber responses, antici-
1197 
pated to achieve deterrence and the justification 
for such assessment; and 
(B) an escalation ladder that describes the 
circumstances and the timeframe under which 
the President plans to invoke the use of such 
means to be effective to deter such attacks or 
to invoke lesser means to provide a credible re-
sponse. 
(4) A classified description of the roles of the 
Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the At-
torney General, the Secretary of Commerce, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the Secretary of Health and Human Serv-
ices, and, as appropriate, the head of each element 
of the intelligence community (as such term is de-
fined by section 3 of the National Security Act of 
1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) in carrying out such strat-
egy. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of the submission of the strategy re-
quired by subsection (c), each Federal official listed in 
subsection (c)(4) shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a classified implementation plan to de-
scribe the manner in which the respective department or 
agency will carry out this strategy.
1198 
(e) UPDATE.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the submission of the strategy required by subsection 
(c), and annually thereafter, the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees an unclassi-
fied assessment of the effectiveness of the strategy, an un-
classified summary of the lessons learned from the past 
year on the effectiveness of deterrence (which may contain 
a classified annex), and an unclassified summary of 
planned changes to the strategy with a classified annex 
on changes to its theory of deterrence. 
(f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Armed Services, the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on the 
Judiciary, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 
the Committee on Homeland Security, and the Com-
mittee on Financial Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
the Committee on Homeland Security and Govern-
1199 
ment Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of 
the Senate. 
SEC. 1257. REPORT ON CHINA’S ONE BELT, ONE ROAD INI-
TIATIVE IN AFRICA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a report on the mili-
tary and defense implications of China’s One Belt, One 
Road Initiative in Africa and a strategy to address im-
pacts on United States military and defense interests in 
Africa. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) An assessment of Chinese dual-use invest-
ments in Africa, including a description of which in-
vestments that are of greatest concern to United 
States military or defense interests. 
(2) A description of such investments that are 
associated with People’s Liberation Army coopera-
tion with African countries. 
(3) An assessment of the potential military, in-
telligence, and logistical threats facing United 
States’ key regional military infrastructure, supply
1200 
chains, and staging grounds due to such invest-
ments. 
(4) An identification of Department of Defense 
measures taken to mitigate the risk posed to United 
States forces and defense interests by such invest-
ments. 
(5) A strategy to address ongoing military and 
defense implications posed by the expansion of such 
investments. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, and Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
(2) CHINESE DUAL-USE INVESTMENTS IN AFRI-
CA.—The term ‘‘Chinese dual-use investments in Af-
rica’’ means investments made by the Government of 
the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Com-
munist Party, or companies owned or controlled by
1201 
such Government or Party in the infrastructure of 
African countries or related projects for both com-
mercial and military or proliferation purposes. 
(d) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall— 
(1) be submitted in unclassified form but may 
contain a classified annex; and 
(2) be made available to the public on the 
website of the Department of Defense. 
SEC. 1258. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ENHANCEMENT OF THE 
UNITED 
STATES-TAIWAN 
DEFENSE 
RELA-
TIONSHIP. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) Taiwan is a vital partner of the United 
States and is critical to a free and open Indo-Pacific 
region; 
(2) the Taiwan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 3301 
et seq.) and the ‘‘Six Assurances’’ are both corner-
stones of United States relations with Taiwan; 
(3) the United States should continue to 
strengthen defense and security cooperation with 
Taiwan to support the development of capable, 
ready, and modern defense forces necessary for Tai-
wan to maintain a sufficient self-defense capability;
1202 
(4) consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the United States should strongly support the acqui-
sition by Taiwan of defense articles and services 
through foreign military sales, direct commercial 
sales, and industrial cooperation, with an emphasis 
on anti-ship, coastal defense, anti-armor, air defense, 
defensive naval mining, and resilient command and 
control capabilities that support the asymmetric de-
fense strategy of Taiwan; 
(5) the President and Congress should deter-
mine the nature and quantity of such defense arti-
cles and services based solely upon their judgment of 
the needs of Taiwan, as required by the Taiwan Re-
lations Act and in accordance with procedures estab-
lished by law; 
(6) the United States should continue efforts to 
improve the predictability of United States arms 
sales to Taiwan by ensuring timely review of and re-
sponse to requests of Taiwan for defense articles 
and services; 
(7) the Secretary of Defense should promote 
policies concerning exchanges that enhance the secu-
rity of Taiwan, including— 
(A) opportunities with Taiwan for practical 
training and military exercises that—
1203 
(i) enable Taiwan to maintain a suffi-
cient self-defense capability, as described 
in section 3(a) of the Taiwan Relations Act 
(22 U.S.C. 3302(a)); and 
(ii) emphasize capabilities consistent 
with the asymmetric defense strategy of 
Taiwan; 
(B) exchanges between senior defense offi-
cials and general officers of the United States 
and Taiwan, consistent with the Taiwan Travel 
Act (Public Law 115–135), especially for the 
purpose of enhancing cooperation on defense 
planning and improving the interoperability of 
United States and Taiwan forces; and 
(C) opportunities for exchanges between 
junior officers and senior enlisted personnel of 
the United States and Taiwan; 
(8) the Secretary of Defense should consider ex-
panded air and naval engagements and training with 
Taiwan to enhance regional security; 
(9) the United States and Taiwan should ex-
pand cooperation in humanitarian assistance and 
disaster relief including conducting port calls in Tai-
wan with the United States Naval Ship Comfort and 
United States Naval Ship Mercy;
1204 
(10) the Secretary of Defense should consider 
options, including exercising ship visits and port 
calls, as appropriate, to expand the scale and scope 
of humanitarian assistance and disaster response co-
operation with Taiwan and other regional partners 
so as to improve disaster response planning and pre-
paredness; 
(11) the Secretary of Defense should continue 
regular transits of United States Navy vessels 
through the Taiwan Strait and encourage allies and 
partners to follow suit in conducting such transits to 
demonstrate the commitment of the United States 
and its allies and partners to fly, sail, and operate 
anywhere international law allows; 
(12) the violation of international law by the 
Government of China with respect to the Joint Dec-
laration of the Government of the United Kingdom 
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Gov-
ernment of the People’s Republic of China on the 
Question of Hong Kong, done at Beijing December 
19, 1984, is gravely concerning and erodes inter-
national confidence in China’s willingness to honor 
its international commitments, including not to 
change the status quo with respect to Taiwan by 
force;
1205 
(13) the increasingly coercive and aggressive 
behavior of China towards Taiwan, including grow-
ing military maneuvers targeting Taiwan, is contrary 
to the expectation of the peaceful resolution of the 
future of Taiwan; and 
(14) the United States and Taiwan should ex-
pand consultation and cooperation on combating the 
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (‘‘COVID–19’’) and seek 
to share the best practices and cooperate on a range 
of activities under this partnership. 
SEC. 1259. REPORT ON SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY COOPERA-
TION WITH TAIWAN. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination 
with the head of each appropriate Federal department and 
agency, shall submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees a report on the following: 
(1) The feasibility of establishing a high-level, 
interagency United States-Taiwan working group for 
coordinating cooperation related to supply chain se-
curity. 
(2) A discussion of the Department of De-
fense’s current and future plans to engage with Tai-
wan with respect to activities ensuring supply chain 
security.
1206 
(3) A discussion of obstacles encountered in 
forming, executing, or implementing agreements 
with Taiwan for conducting activities to ensure sup-
ply chain security. 
(4) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
determines should be included. 
SEC. 1260. REPORT ON UNITED STATES-TAIWAN MEDICAL 
SECURITY PARTNERSHIP. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination 
with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a report 
on the following: 
(1) The goals, objectives, and feasibility of de-
veloping a United States-Taiwan medical security 
partnership on issues related to pandemic prepared-
ness and control. 
(2) A discussion of current and future plans to 
engage with Taiwan in medical security activities. 
(3) An evaluation of cooperation on a range of 
activities under the partnership to include— 
(A) research and production of vaccines 
and medicines; 
(B) joint conferences with scientists and 
experts;
1207 
(C) collaboration relating to and exchanges 
of medical supplies and equipment; and 
(D) the use of hospital ships such as the 
United States Naval Ship Comfort and United 
States Naval Ship Mercy. 
(4) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
determines appropriate. 
SEC. 1260A. REPORT ON UNITED FRONT WORK DEPART-
MENT. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to the congressional defense committees a report on the 
following: 
(1) The extent to which the United Front Work 
Department of the People’s Republic of China poses 
a threat to the national defense and national secu-
rity of the United States. 
(2) An evaluation of which actions, if any, the 
United States should take in response to the threat 
and activities of the United Front Work Department 
as described in paragraph (1). 
(3) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
determines should be included.
1208 
SEC. 1260B. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CROSS-BORDER VIO-
LENCE BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC 
OF CHINA AND INDIA AND THE GROWING 
TERRITORIAL CLAIMS OF CHINA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) Since a truce in 1962 ended skirmishes be-
tween the People’s Republic of China and India, the 
countries have been divided by a 2,100-mile-long 
Line of Actual Control. 
(2) In the decades since the truce, military 
standoffs between the People’s Republic of China 
and India have flared; however, the standoffs have 
rarely claimed the lives of soldiers. 
(3) In the months leading up to June, 15, 
2020, along the Line of Actual Control, the People’s 
Republic of China’s military— 
(A) reportedly amassed 5,000 soldiers; and 
(B) is trying to redraw long-standing set-
tled boundaries through the use of force and 
aggression. 
(4) On June 6, 2020, the People’s Republic of 
China and India reached an agreement of de-esca-
late and disengage along the Line of Actual Control. 
(5) On June 15, 2020, at least 20 Indian sol-
diers and an unconfirmed number of Chinese sol-
1209 
diers were killed in skirmishes following a weekslong 
standoff in Eastern Ladakh, which is the de facto 
border between India and the People’s Republic of 
China. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) there is significant concern about the con-
tinued military aggression by the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China along its border with 
India and in other parts of the world, including with 
Bhutan, in the South China Sea, and with the 
Senkaku Islands, as well as the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China’s aggressive posture to-
ward Hong Kong and Taiwan; and 
(2) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China should work toward de-escalating the situa-
tion along the Line of Actual Control with India 
through existing diplomatic mechanisms and not 
through force. 
SEC. 1260C. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES COM-
MITMENTS TO PACIFIC ALLIES. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States affirms the strategic im-
portance of the United States commitments to allies 
such as the Republic of Korea and Japan;
1210 
(2) the United States remains committed to the 
mutually-beneficial relationships with the Republic of 
Korea and Japan and welcomes the strong leader-
ship of those countries in the Indo-Pacific region; 
and 
(3) as the United States seeks to strengthen 
longstanding military relationships and encourage 
the development of a strong defense network with al-
lies and partners, the United States reaffirms the 
United States commitments to maintaining the pres-
ence of the United States Armed Forces in the Re-
public of Korea and Japan. 
SEC. 1260D. RESTRICTIONS ON EXPORT, REEXPORT, AND 
IN-COUNTRY TRANSFERS OF CERTAIN ITEMS 
THAT PROVIDE A CRITICAL CAPABILITY TO 
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUB-
LIC OF CHINA TO SUPPRESS INDIVIDUAL PRI-
VACY, FREEDOM, AND OTHER BASIC HUMAN 
RIGHTS. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to protect the basic human rights of 
Uighurs and other ethnic minorities in the People’s Re-
public of China. 
(b) LIST OF COVERED ITEMS.—
1211 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and as 
appropriate thereafter, the President— 
(A) shall identify those items that provide 
a critical capability to the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China, or any person act-
ing on behalf of such Government, to suppress 
individual privacy, freedom of movement, and 
other basic human rights, specifically through— 
(i) surveillance, interception, and re-
striction of communications; 
(ii) monitoring of individual location 
or movement or restricting individual 
movement; 
(iii) monitoring or restricting access 
to and use of the internet; 
(iv) monitoring or restricting use of 
social media; 
(v) 
identification 
of 
individuals 
through facial recognition, voice recogni-
tion, or biometric indicators; 
(vi) detention of individuals who are 
exercising basic human rights; and 
(vii) forced labor in manufacturing; 
and
1212 
(B) shall, pursuant to the Export Control 
Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.), 
include items identified pursuant to subpara-
graph (A) on the Commerce Control List in a 
category separate from other items, as appro-
priate, on the Commerce Control List. 
(2) SUPPORT
AND
COOPERATION.—Upon re-
quest, the head of a Federal agency shall provide 
full support and cooperation to the President in car-
rying out this subsection. 
(3) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the President shall consult with the relevant 
technical advisory committees of the Department of 
Commerce to ensure that the composition of items 
identified under paragraph (1)(A) and included on 
the Commerce Control List under paragraph (1)(B) 
does not unnecessarily restrict commerce between 
the United States and the People’s Republic of 
China, consistent with the purposes of this section. 
(c) SPECIAL LICENSE OR OTHER AUTHORIZATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Beginning not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the President shall, pursuant to the Export Control 
Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.), re-
quire a license or other authorization for the export,
1213 
reexport, or in-country transfer to or within the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China of an item identified pursu-
ant to subsection (b)(1)(A) and included on the 
Commerce Control List pursuant to subsection 
(b)(1)(B). 
(2) PRESUMPTION OF DENIAL.—An application 
for a license or other authorization described in 
paragraph (1) shall be subject to a presumption of 
denial. 
(3) PUBLIC
NOTICE
AND
COMMENT.—The 
President shall provide for notice and public com-
ment with respect actions necessary to carry out this 
subsection. 
(d) INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION AND MULTILAT-
ERAL CONTROLS.—It shall be the policy of the United 
States to seek to harmonize United States export control 
regulations with international export control regimes with 
respect to the items identified pursuant to subsection 
(b)(1)(A), including through the Wassenaar Arrangement 
and other bilateral and multilateral mechanisms involving 
countries that export such items. 
(e) TERMINATION
OF SUSPENSION
OF CERTAIN 
OTHER PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES.—Section 902(b)(1) 
of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years
1214 
1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101–246; 22 U.S.C. 2151 
note) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 
by inserting ‘‘and China’s Xinjiang Uighur Autono-
mous Region’’ after ‘‘Tibet’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(3) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘or’’ after 
the semicolon and inserting ‘‘and’’; and 
(4) by adding the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) the ending of the mass internment of 
ethnic Uighurs and other Turkic Muslims in 
the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, in-
cluding the intrusive system of high-tech sur-
veillance and policing in the region; or’’. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COMMERCE
CONTROL
LIST.—The term 
‘‘Commerce Control List’’ means the list set forth in 
Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Admin-
istration Regulations under subchapter C of chapter 
VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations. 
(2) EXPORT, IN-COUNTRY
TRANSFER, ITEM, 
AND REEXPORT.—The terms ‘‘export’’, ‘‘in-country 
transfer’’, ‘‘item’’, and ‘‘reexport’’ have the mean-
1215 
ings given such terms in section 1742 of the Export 
Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801). 
SEC. 1260E. PROHIBITION ON COMMERCIAL EXPORT OF 
COVERED DEFENSE ARTICLES AND SERVICES 
AND COVERED MUNITIONS ITEMS TO THE 
HONG KONG POLICE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the President shall prohibit the issuance of licenses 
to export covered defense articles and services and covered 
munitions items to the Hong Kong Police. 
(b) WAIVER.—The prohibition under subsection (a) 
shall not apply to the issuance of a license with respect 
to which the President submits to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a written certification that the exports 
to be covered by such license are important to the national 
interests and foreign policy goals of the United States, in-
cluding a description of the manner in which such exports 
will promote such interests and goals. 
(c) TERMINATION.—The prohibition under sub-
section (a) shall terminate on the date on which the Presi-
dent certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
that— 
(1) the Hong Kong Police have not engaged in 
gross violations of human rights during the 1-year 
period ending on the date of such certification; and
1216 
(2) there has been an independent examination 
of human rights concerns related to the crowd con-
trol tactics of the Hong Kong Police and the Gov-
ernment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative 
Region has adequately addressed those concerns. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; and 
(C) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs of the Senate. 
(2) COVERED DEFENSE ARTICLES AND SERV-
ICES.—The term ‘‘covered defense articles and serv-
ices’’ means defense articles and defense services 
designated by the President under section 38(a)(1) 
of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2778(a)(1)). 
(3) COVERED
MUNITIONS
ITEMS.—The term 
‘‘covered munitions items’’ means— 
(A) items controlled under section 742.7 of 
part 742 of subtitle B of title 15, Code of Fed-
1217 
eral Regulations (relating to crime control and 
detection instruments and equipment and re-
lated technology and software); and 
(B) items listed under the ‘‘600 series’’ of 
the Commerce Control List contained in Sup-
plement No. 1 to part 774 of subtitle B of title 
15, Code of Federal Regulations. 
(4) HONG KONG.—The term ‘‘Hong Kong’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 3 of the 
United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 (22 
U.S.C. 5702). 
(5) HONG
KONG
POLICE.—The term ‘‘Hong 
Kong Police’’ means— 
(A) the Hong Kong Police Force; and 
(B) the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force. 
SEC. 1260F. SOUTHEAST ASIA STRATEGY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Southeast Asia is the fulcrum of the Indo- 
Pacific region, providing both a geographic and mar-
itime link between East and South Asia. 
(2) The Association of Southeast Asian Nations 
(ASEAN), a regional intergovernmental organiza-
tion, remains central to the Indo-Pacific region’s in-
stitutional architecture and to United States foreign 
policy toward the region.
1218 
(3) The United States has reaffirmed that the 
security and sovereignty of its Southeast Asian allies 
and partners, including a strong, independent 
ASEAN, remain vital to the security, prosperity, and 
stability of the Indo-Pacific region. 
(4) The United States has committed to con-
tinuing to deepen longstanding alliances and part-
nerships with a range of Southeast Asian nations, 
including by promoting our shared values, democ-
racy, human rights, and civil society. 
(5) Since the end of the Second World War, 
United States investments in strengthening alliances 
and partnerships with Southeast Asian nations have 
yielded tremendous returns for United States inter-
ests, as working with and through these alliances 
and partnerships have increased the region’s capac-
ity and capability to address common challenges. 
(6) ASEAN member states are critical United 
States security partners in preventing violent extre-
mism and protecting the freedom and openness of 
the maritime domain and in preventing the traf-
ficking of weapons of mass destruction. 
(7) ASEAN member states have contributed 
significantly to regional disaster monitoring and 
management and emergency response through initia-
1219 
tives such as the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for 
Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management, 
an inter-governmental organization that facilitates 
coordination and cooperation among ASEAN mem-
ber states and international organizations in times 
of emergency. 
(8) According to the 2018 ASEAN Business 
Outlook Survey, ASEAN member states are vital to 
the prosperity of the United States economy and ex-
ports to ASEAN economies support more than 
500,000 jobs in the United States. 
(9) The United States and ASEAN have re-
cently celebrated the 40th anniversary of their ties 
and established a new strategic partnership that will 
enhance cooperation across the economic, political- 
security, and people-to-people pillars of the relation-
ship. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
(1) deepen cooperation with ASEAN and 
ASEAN member states in the interest of promoting 
peace, security, and stability in the Indo-Pacific re-
gion;
1220 
(2) affirm the importance of ASEAN centrality 
and ASEAN-led mechanisms in the evolving institu-
tional architecture of the Indo-Pacific region; and 
(3) establish and communicate a comprehensive 
strategy toward the Indo-Pacific region that articu-
lates— 
(A) the role and importance of Southeast 
Asia to the United States; 
(B) the value of the United States-ASEAN 
relationship; 
(C) the mutual interests of all parties; 
(D) the concrete and material benefits all 
nations derive from strong United States en-
gagement and leadership in Southeast Asia; and 
(E) efforts to forge and maintain ASEAN 
consensus, especially on key issues of political 
and security concern to the region, such as the 
South China Sea. 
(c) STRATEGY FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH SOUTHEAST 
ASIA AND ASEAN.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of State, in consultation with the heads of 
other Federal departments and agencies as appro-
priate, shall develop and submit to the appropriate
1221 
congressional committees a comprehensive strategy 
for engagement with Southeast Asia and ASEAN. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The strategy 
required by paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A statement of enduring United States 
interests in Southeast Asia and a description of 
efforts to bolster the effectiveness of ASEAN. 
(B) A description of efforts to— 
(i) deepen and expand Southeast 
Asian alliances, partnerships, and multilat-
eral engagements, including efforts to ex-
pand broad based and inclusive economic 
growth, security ties, security cooperation 
and interoperability, economic connectivity, 
and expand opportunities for ASEAN to 
work with other like-minded partners in 
the region; and 
(ii) encourage like-minded partners 
outside of the Indo-Pacific region to en-
gage with ASEAN. 
(C) A summary of initiatives across the 
whole of the United States Government to 
strengthen the United States partnership with 
Southeast Asian nations and ASEAN, including
1222 
to promote broad based and inclusive economic 
growth, trade, investment, energy and efforts to 
combat climate change, public-private partner-
ships, physical and digital infrastructure devel-
opment, education, disaster management, public 
health and economic and political diplomacy in 
Southeast Asia. 
(D) A summary of initiatives across the 
whole of the United States Government to en-
hance the capacity of Southeast Asian nations 
with respect to enforcing international law and 
multilateral sanctions, and initiatives to cooper-
ate with ASEAN as an institution in these 
areas. 
(E) A summary of initiatives across the 
whole of the United States Government to pro-
mote human rights and democracy, to strength-
en the rule of law, civil society, and transparent 
governance, and to protect the integrity of elec-
tions from outside influence. 
(F) A summary of initiatives to promote 
security cooperation and security assistance 
within Southeast Asian nations, including— 
(i) maritime security and maritime 
domain awareness initiatives for protecting
1223 
the maritime commons and supporting 
international law and freedom of naviga-
tion in the South China Sea; and 
(ii) 
efforts 
to 
combat 
terrorism, 
human trafficking, piracy, and illegal fish-
ing, and promote more open, reliable 
routes for sea lines of communication. 
(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Armed Services of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 1260G. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON STRATEGIC SECURITY 
RELATIONSHIP 
BETWEEN 
THE 
UNITED 
STATES AND MONGOLIA. 
Congress— 
(1) recognizes the security relationship between 
the United States and Mongolia and remains com-
mitted to advancing the comprehensive partnership 
in the future;
1224 
(2) urges the United States Government and 
the Government of Mongolia to deepen military co-
operation through joint defense exercises and 
hosting military officers for training in the United 
States; 
(3) encourages the Government of Mongolia to 
continue its contributions to multinational peace-
keeping operations, including the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Na-
tions; 
(4) commends the Mongolian Armed Forces 
continued contributions to NATO’s Resolute Sup-
port Mission in Afghanistan to help train Afghan 
Security Forces and provide security at Kabul Inter-
national Airport, and continued enforcement of 
United Nations Security Council sanctions in re-
sponse to North Korea’s illicit nuclear and ballistic 
missile programs; and 
(5) applauds the continued engagement of Mon-
golia in the Organization for Security and Co-oper-
ation in Europe, the Community of Democracies, 
congressional-parliamentary partnerships, and other 
institutions that promote democratic values, which 
reinforces the commitment of the people and the
1225 
Government of Mongolia to those values and stand-
ards. 
Subtitle G—Other Matters 
SEC. 1261. PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES TO KWAJA-
LEIN ATOLL. 
(a) AUTHORITY
FOR PROVISION
OF GOODS
AND 
SERVICES.—Chapter 767 of title 10, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘§ 7596. Provision of goods and services to Kwajalein 
Atoll 
‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Army 
may, subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of 
State as provided in paragraph (2), use any amounts 
appropriated to the Department of the Army to pro-
vide goods and services, including inter-atoll trans-
portation, to the Government of the Republic of the 
Marshall Islands and to other eligible patrons at 
Kwajalein Atoll, under regulations and at rates to be 
prescribed by the Secretary of the Army in accord-
ance with this section. 
‘‘(2) EFFECT ON COMPACT.—The Secretary of 
State may not concur to the provision of goods and 
services under paragraph (1) if the Secretary deter-
mines that such provision would be inconsistent with
1226 
the Compact of Free Association between the Gov-
ernment of the United States of America and the 
Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands 
(as set forth in title II of the Compact of Free Asso-
ciation Act of 1985 (48 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.)) or 
with any subsidiary agreement or implementing ar-
rangement with respect to such Compact. 
‘‘(b) REIMBURSEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY
TO
COLLECT
REIMBURSE-
MENT.—The Secretary of the Army may collect re-
imbursement from the Government of the Republic 
of the Marshall Islands or eligible patrons for the 
provision of goods and services under this section in 
an amount that does not exceed the costs to the 
United States of providing such goods or services. 
‘‘(2) MAXIMUM
REIMBURSEMENT.—The total 
amount collected in a fiscal year pursuant to the au-
thority under paragraph (1) may not exceed 
$7,000,000.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
for chapter 767 of title 10, United States Code, is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 7595. Provision of goods and services to Kwajalein Atoll.’’.
1227 
SEC. 1262. ANNUAL BRIEFINGS ON CERTAIN FOREIGN MILI-
TARY BASES OF ADVERSARIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 3 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘§ 130l. Annual briefings on certain foreign military 
bases of adversaries 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than February 15 of 
each year, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and 
the Secretary of Defense, acting through the Under Sec-
retary of Defense for Intelligence and Security, shall pro-
vide to the congressional defense committees, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
a briefing on— 
‘‘(1) covered foreign military bases and the re-
lated capabilities of that foreign military; and 
‘‘(2) the effects of such bases and capabilities 
on— 
‘‘(A) the military installations of the 
United States located outside the United 
States; and 
‘‘(B) current and future deployments and 
operations of the armed forces of the United 
States.
1228 
‘‘(b) ELEMENTS.—Each briefing under subsection 
(a) shall include the following: 
‘‘(1) An assessment of covered foreign military 
bases, including such bases established by China, 
Russia, and Iran, and any updates to such assess-
ment provided in a previous briefing under such sub-
section. 
‘‘(2) Information regarding known plans for 
any future covered foreign military base. 
‘‘(3) An assessment of the capabilities, includ-
ing those pertaining to anti-access and area denial, 
provided by covered foreign military bases to that 
foreign military, including an assessment of how 
such capabilities could be used against the armed 
forces of the United States in the country and the 
geographic combatant command in which such base 
is located. 
‘‘(4) A description of known ongoing activities 
and capabilities at covered foreign military bases, 
and how such activities and capabilities advance the 
foreign policy and national security priorities of the 
relevant foreign countries. 
‘‘(5) The extent to which covered foreign mili-
tary bases could be used to counter the defense pri-
orities of the United States.
1229 
‘‘(c) FORM.—Each briefing under subsection (a) shall 
be provided in classified form. 
‘‘(d) COVERED
FOREIGN
MILITARY
BASE
DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘covered foreign military 
base’ means, with respect to a foreign country that is an 
adversary of the United States, a military base of that 
country located in a different country.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding 
at the end the following new item: 
‘‘130l. Annual briefings on certain foreign military bases of adversaries.’’. 
SEC. 1263. REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE DEPARTMENT 
OF DEFENSE WITH RESPECT TO DENYING A 
FAIT ACCOMPLI BY A STRATEGIC COMPET-
ITOR AGAINST A COVERED DEFENSE PART-
NER. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COVERED DEFENSE PARTNER.—The term 
‘‘covered defense partner’’ means a partner identi-
fied in the ‘‘Department of Defense Indo-Pacific 
Strategy Report’’ issued on June 1, 2019, located 
within 100 miles off the coast of a strategic compet-
itor. 
(2) FAIT ACCOMPLI.—The term ‘‘fait accompli’’ 
means the strategy of a strategic competitor de-
signed to allow such strategic competitor to use mili-
1230 
tary force to seize control of a covered defense part-
ner before the United States Armed Forces are able 
to respond effectively. 
(3) STRATEGIC COMPETITOR.—The term ‘‘stra-
tegic competitor’’ means a country labeled as a stra-
tegic competitor in the ‘‘Summary of the 2018 Na-
tional Defense Strategy of the United States of 
America: Sharpening the American Military’s Com-
petitive Edge’’ issued by the Department of Defense 
pursuant to section 113 of title 10, United States 
Code. 
(b) REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
DEFENSE
WITH
RESPECT
TO
DENYING
A
FAIT 
ACCOMPLI
BY
A STRATEGIC COMPETITOR AGAINST
A 
COVERED DEFENSE PARTNER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 30 each 
year, beginning in 2021 and ending in 2026, the 
Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report on the progress 
of the Department of Defense with respect to im-
proving the ability of the United States Armed 
Forces to conduct combined joint operations to deny 
the ability of a strategic competitor to execute a fait 
accompli against a covered defense partner.
1231 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Each report 
under paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) An explanation of the objectives for 
the United States Armed Forces that would be 
necessary to deny the fait accompli by a stra-
tegic competitor against a covered defense part-
ner. 
(B) An identification of joint warfighting 
capabilities and current efforts to organize, 
train, and equip the United States Armed 
Forces in support of the objectives referred to 
in paragraph (1), including— 
(i) an assessment of whether the pro-
grams included in the most recent future- 
years defense program submitted to Con-
gress under section 221 of title 10, United 
States Code, are sufficient to enable the 
United States Armed Forces to conduct 
joint combined operations to achieve such 
objectives; 
(ii) a description of additional invest-
ments or force posture adjustments re-
quired to maintain or improve the ability 
of the United States Armed Forces to con-
1232 
duct joint combined operations to achieve 
such objectives; 
(iii) a description of the manner in 
which the Secretary of Defense intends to 
develop and integrate Army, Navy, Air 
Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force 
operational concepts to maintain or im-
prove the ability of the United States 
Armed Forces to conduct joint combined 
operations to achieve such objectives; and 
(iv) an assessment of the manner in 
which different options for pre-delegating 
authorities may improve the ability of the 
United States Armed Forces to conduct 
joint combined operations to achieve such 
objectives. 
(C) An assessment of options for deterring 
limited use of nuclear weapons by a strategic 
competitor in the Indo-Pacific region without 
undermining the ability of the United States 
Armed Forces to maintain deterrence against 
other strategic competitors and adversaries. 
(D) An assessment of a strategic compet-
itor theory of victory for invading and unifying
1233 
a covered defense partner with such a strategic 
competitor by military force. 
(E) A description of the military objectives 
a strategic competitor would need to achieve in 
a covered defense partner campaign. 
(F) A description of the military missions 
a strategic competitor would need to execute a 
covered defense partner invasion campaign, in-
cluding— 
(i) blockade and bombing operations; 
(ii) amphibious landing operations; 
and 
(iii) combat operations. 
(G) An assessment of competing demands 
on a strategic competitor’s resources and how 
such demands impact such a strategic competi-
tor’s ability to achieve its objectives in a cov-
ered defense partner campaign. 
(H) An assessment of a covered defense 
partner’s self-defense capability and a summary 
of defense articles and services that are re-
quired to enhance such capability. 
(I) An assessment of the capabilities of 
partner and allied countries to conduct com-
1234 
bined operations with the United States Armed 
Forces in a regional contingency. 
(3) FORM.—Each report under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in classified form but may include 
an unclassified executive summary. 
SEC. 1264. MODIFICATION TO REQUIREMENTS OF THE INI-
TIATIVE TO SUPPORT PROTECTION OF NA-
TIONAL SECURITY ACADEMIC RESEARCHERS 
FROM UNDUE INFLUENCE AND OTHER SECU-
RITY THREATS. 
(a) ENHANCED INFORMATION SHARING.—Subsection 
(d)(1) section 1286 of the John S. McCain National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 
2358 note) is amended by striking ‘‘(other than basic re-
search)’’. 
(b) PUBLICATION OF UPDATED LIST.—Subsection 
(e) of such section is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) PUBLICATION OF UPDATED LIST.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than Janu-
ary 1, 2021, and annually thereafter, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees the most recently updated list de-
scribed in subsection (c)(8) in unclassified form 
(but with a classified annex as applicable) and
1235 
make the unclassified portion of each such list 
publicly available on an internet website in a 
searchable format. 
‘‘(B) INTERVENING
PUBLICATION.—The 
Secretary may submit and publish an updated 
list described in subparagraph (A) more fre-
quently than required by such subparagraph if 
the Secretary determines necessary.’’. 
SEC. 1265. REPORT ON DIRECTED USE OF FISHING FLEETS. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Commander of the Office of Naval 
Intelligence shall submit to the congressional defense com-
mittees, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate an unclassified report on the use of 
distant-water fishing fleets by foreign governments as ex-
tensions of such countries’ official maritime security 
forces, including the manner and extent to which such 
fishing fleets are leveraged in support of naval operations 
and foreign policy more generally. The report shall also 
consider the threats, on a country-by-country basis, posed 
by such use of distant-water fishing fleets to— 
(1) fishing or other vessels of the United States 
and partner countries;
1236 
(2) United States and partner naval and coast 
guard operations; and 
(3) other interests of the United States and 
partner countries. 
SEC. 1266. EXPANDING THE STATE PARTNERSHIP PRO-
GRAM IN AFRICA. 
The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the 
Chief of the National Guard Bureau, shall seek to build 
partner capacity and interoperability in the United States 
Africa Command area of responsibility through increased 
partnerships with countries on the African continent, mili-
tary-to-military engagements, and traditional activities of 
the combatant commands. 
SEC. 1267. REPORT RELATING TO REDUCTION IN THE 
TOTAL NUMBER OF UNITED STATES ARMED 
FORCES DEPLOYED TO UNITED STATES AFRI-
CA COMMAND AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY. 
(a) REDUCTION DESCRIBED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Department of De-
fense reduces the number of United States Armed 
Forces deployed to the United States Africa Com-
mand area of responsibility (in this section referred 
to as ‘‘AFRICOM AOR’’) (other than United States 
Armed Forces described in paragraph (2)) to a num-
ber that is below 80 percent of the number deployed
1237 
as of the day before the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation 
with the Secretary of State and the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, shall, not later than 90 days after 
date of such a reduction, submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report described in sub-
section (b). 
(2) UNITED
STATES
ARMED
FORCES
DE-
SCRIBED.—United States Armed Forces described in 
this paragraph are United States Armed Forces that 
are deployed to AFRICOM AOR but are not under 
the direct authority of the Commander of United 
States Africa Command, including— 
(A) forces deployed in conjunction with 
other Commands; 
(B) forces participating in joint exercises; 
(C) forces identified for pre-planned activi-
ties; 
(D) forces used to assist in emergency sit-
uations; and 
(E) forces designated or assigned for diplo-
matic or embassy security. 
(b) REPORT.—
1238 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A report described in this 
subsection is a report that includes each of the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A strategic plan to— 
(i) degrade each of the violent extrem-
ist organizations described in paragraph 
(2) within the AFRICOM AOR, to include 
an assessment of the extent to which such 
violent extremist organizations pose a di-
rect threat to the United States; and 
(ii) counter the military influence of 
China and Russia within the AFRICOM 
AOR. 
(B) The average number of United States 
Armed Forces that are under the direct author-
ity of the Commander of United States Africa 
Command and deployed to AFRICOM AOR 
and the amount of associated expenditures, to 
be listed by month for each of the fiscal years 
2019 and 2020 and disaggregated by mission 
and country, to include those forces deployed to 
secure United States embassies. 
(C) The average number of United States 
Armed Forces that are planned to be under the 
direct authority of the Commander of United
1239 
States Africa Command and deployed to 
AFRICOM AOR and the amount of projected 
associated expenditures, to be listed by month 
for 
fiscal 
years 
2021 
and 
2022 
and 
disaggregated by mission and country, to in-
clude those forces deployed to secure United 
States embassies. 
(D) The effect that a reduction described 
in subsection (a) would have on military and in-
telligence efforts to combat each of the violent 
extremist organizations described in paragraph 
(2), including a statement of the current objec-
tives of the Secretary of Defense with respect to 
such efforts. 
(E) A description of any consultation or 
coordination with the Department of State or 
the United States Agency for International De-
velopment with respect to such a reduction and 
the effect that such a reduction would have on 
diplomatic, developmental, or humanitarian ef-
forts in Africa, including statements of the cur-
rent objectives of the Secretary of State and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development with respect to such 
efforts.
1240 
(F) The strength, regenerative capacity, 
and intent of such violent extremist organiza-
tions in the AFRICOM AOR, including— 
(i) an assessment of the number of 
fighters in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, 
and West Africa who are members of such 
violent extremist organizations; 
(ii) the threat such violent extremist 
organizations pose to host nations and 
United States allies and partners, and the 
extent to which such violent extremist or-
ganizations pose a direct threat to the 
United States; and 
(iii) the likely reaction of such violent 
extremist organizations to the withdrawal 
of United States Armed Forces. 
(G) The strategic risks involved with coun-
tering such violent extremist organizations fol-
lowing such a reduction. 
(H) The operational risks involved with 
conducting United States led or enabled oper-
ations in Africa against such violent extremist 
organizations following such a reduction. 
(I) For any region of the AFRICOM AOR 
in which United States Armed Forces currently
1241 
are present or conduct activities, the effect such 
a reduction would have on power and influence 
of China and Russia in such region. 
(J) Any consultation or coordination with 
United States allies and partners concerning 
such a reduction. 
(K) An assessment of the response from 
the governments and military forces of France, 
the United Kingdom, and Canada to such a re-
duction. 
(L) An assessment of how the frequency of 
air strikes could change as a result of such re-
duction. 
(M) An assessment of the commitment of 
partner security forces in the AFRICOM AOR 
to address gross violations of internationally 
recognized human rights and uphold inter-
national humanitarian law, and the impact such 
reduction could have on such commitment. 
(2) VIOLENT EXTREMIST ORGANIZATIONS DE-
SCRIBED.—The violent extremist organizations de-
scribed in this paragraph are adversarial groups and 
forces in the AFRICOM AOR, as determined by the 
Secretary of Defense.
1242 
(c) ADDITIONAL REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not 
later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report that includes the 
information required by subsection (b)(1)(B). 
(d) FORM.—The reports required by subsections (b) 
and (c) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
contain a classified annex. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees (which 
has the meaning given the term in section 
101(a)(16) of title 10, United States Code); 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
SEC. 1268. REPORT ON ENHANCING PARTNERSHIPS BE-
TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND AFRICAN 
COUNTRIES. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than June 1, 
2021, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with
1243 
the Secretary of State, shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report on the ac-
tivities and resources required to enhance security 
and economic partnerships between the United 
States and African countries. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of the infrastructure 
accessible to the Department of Defense on the 
continent of Africa. 
(B) An identification of the ability of the 
Department to conduct freedom of movement 
on the continent, including identifying the ac-
tivities of partners, allies, and other Federal de-
partments and agencies that are facilitated by 
the Department’s ability to conduct freedom of 
movement. 
(C) Recommendations to meet the require-
ments identified in subparagraph (B), includ-
ing— 
(i) dual-use infrastructure projects; 
(ii) military construction; 
(iii) the acquisition of additional mo-
bility capability by African countries or the 
United States Armed Forces, including
1244 
strategic air lift, tactical air lift, or sealift 
capability; or 
(iv) any other option as determined by 
the Secretary. 
(D) Recommendations to expand and 
strengthen partner and ally capability, including 
traditional activities of the combatant com-
mands, train and equip opportunities, partner-
ships with the National Guard and the United 
States Coast Guard, and multilateral contribu-
tions. 
(E) Recommendations for enhancing joint 
exercises and training. 
(F) An analysis of the security, economic, 
and stability benefits of the recommendations 
identified under subparagraphs (C) through 
(E). 
(G)(i) A plan to fully resource United 
States force posture, capabilities, and stability 
operations, including— 
(I) a detailed assessment of the 
resources required to address the ele-
ments described in subparagraphs (B) 
through (E), including specific cost
1245 
estimates for recommended invest-
ments or projects; and 
(II) a detailed timeline to achieve 
the recommendations described in 
subparagraphs (B) through (D). 
(ii) The specific cost estimates re-
quired by clause (i)(I) shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable, include the fol-
lowing: 
(I) With respect to procurement 
accounts— 
(aa) amounts displayed by 
account, budget activity, line 
number, line item, and line item 
title; and 
(bb) a description of the re-
quirements 
for 
each 
such 
amount. 
(II) With respect to research, de-
velopment, test, and evaluation ac-
counts— 
(aa) amounts displayed by 
account, budget activity, line 
number, program element, and 
program element title; and
1246 
(bb) a description of the re-
quirements 
for 
each 
such 
amount. 
(III) With respect to operation 
and maintenance accounts— 
(aa) amounts displayed by 
account 
title, 
budget 
activity 
title, line number, and subactivity 
group title; and 
(bb) a description of the 
specific manner in which each 
such amount would be used. 
(IV) With respect to military per-
sonnel accounts— 
(aa) amounts displayed by 
account, budget activity, budget 
subactivity, 
and 
budget 
sub-
activity title; and 
(bb) a description of the re-
quirements 
for 
each 
such 
amount. 
(V) With respect to each project 
under military construction accounts 
(including unspecified minor military 
construction and amounts for plan-
1247 
ning and design), the country, loca-
tion, project title, and project amount 
for each fiscal year. 
(VI) With respect to any expendi-
ture or proposed appropriation not de-
scribed in clause (i) through (iv), a 
level of detail equivalent or greater 
than the level of detail provided in the 
future-years defense program sub-
mitted pursuant to section 221(a) of 
title 10, United States Code. 
(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In preparing the report 
required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
consider— 
(A) the economic development and stability 
of African countries; 
(B) the strategic and economic value of the 
relationships between the United States and Af-
rican countries; 
(C) the military, intelligence, diplomatic, 
developmental, and humanitarian efforts of 
China and Russia on the African continent; and 
(D) the ability of the United States, allies, 
and partners to combat violent extremist orga-
nizations operating in Africa.
1248 
(4) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) may be submitted in classified form, but 
shall include an unclassified summary. 
(b) INTERIM BRIEFING REQUIRED.—Not later than 
April 15, 2021, the Secretary of Defense (acting through 
the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, the Under Sec-
retary of Defense (Comptroller), and the Director of Cost 
Assessment and Program Evaluation) and the Chairman 
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall provide to the congres-
sional defense committees a joint interim briefing, and any 
written comments the Secretary of Defense and the Chair-
man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff consider necessary, with 
respect to their assessments of the report anticipated to 
be submitted under subsection (a). 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) DUAL-USE INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS.— 
The term ‘‘dual-use infrastructure projects’’ means 
projects that may be used for either military or civil-
ian purposes. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and
1249 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1269. SENSE OF CONGRESS WITH RESPECT TO QATAR. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States and the country of Qatar 
have built a strong, enduring, and forward-looking 
strategic partnership based on long-standing and 
mutually beneficial cooperation, including through 
security, defense, and economic ties; 
(2) robust security cooperation between the 
United States and Qatar is crucial to promoting 
peace and stability in the Middle East region; 
(3) Qatar plays a unique role as host of the for-
ward headquarters for the United States Central 
Command, and that partnership facilitates United 
States coalition operations countering terrorism; 
(4) Qatar is a major security cooperation part-
ner of the United States, as recognized in the 2018 
Strategic Dialogue and the 2019 Memorandum of 
Understanding to expand Al Udeid Air Base to im-
prove and expand accommodation for United States 
military personnel; 
(5) the United States values Qatar’s provision 
of access to its military facilities and its manage-
1250 
ment and financial assistance in expanding the Al 
Udeid Air Base, which supports the continued secu-
rity presence of the United States in the Middle 
East region; and 
(6) the United States should— 
(A) continue to strengthen the relationship 
between the United States and Qatar, including 
through security and economic cooperation; and 
(B) seek a resolution to the dispute be-
tween partner countries of the Arabian Gulf, 
which would promote peace and stability in the 
Middle East region. 
SEC. 1270. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES MILI-
TARY SUPPORT FOR AND PARTICIPATION IN 
THE MULTINATIONAL FORCE AND OBSERV-
ERS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the mission of the Multinational Force and 
Observers (MFO) is to supervise implementation of 
the security provisions of the Egypt-Israel Peace 
Treaty, signed at Washington on March 26, 1979, 
and employ best efforts to prevent any violation of 
its terms; 
(2) the MFO was established by the Protocol to 
the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, signed on August 3,
1251 
1981, and remains a critical institution for regional 
peace and stability; and 
(3) as a signatory to the Egypt-Israel Peace 
Treaty and subsequent Protocol, the United States 
strongly supports and encourages continued United 
States military support for and participation in the 
MFO. 
SEC. 1271. REPORT ON US MILITARY SUPPORT OF THE 
SAUDI-LED COALITION IN YEMEN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall submit to the appropriate com-
mittees of Congress a report that includes— 
(1) a description of the military support, train-
ing, and defense articles provided by the Department 
of Defense to Saudi Arabia, the Government of the 
United Arab Emirates, and other countries partici-
pating in the Saudi-led coalition since March 2015, 
including— 
(A) an annual description, by fiscal year or 
calendar year, of all transfers of logistics sup-
port, supplies, defense articles, and services 
under sections 2341 and 2342 of title 10, 
United States Code, or any other applicable 
law;
1252 
(B) a description of the total financial 
value of such transfers and which countries 
bore the cost described in subparagraph (A) of 
these transfers, including the status of the re-
imbursement of costs from Saudi Arabia, the 
Government of the United Arab Emirates and 
the Saudi-led coalition to the Department of 
Defense; and 
(C) a description of the types of training 
provided by the Department of Defense, includ-
ing the authorities under which this training 
was provided, and whether such training has in-
cluded tactics for stopping, searching and seiz-
ing boats, or other activities that could be used 
to restrict the importation of commercial and 
humanitarian shipments into and out of Yemen; 
(2) a description and evaluation of processes 
used by the Department of Defense to determine 
whether the types of military support described in 
paragraph (1)(A) have impacted the restriction of 
the movement of persons into or out of Yemen, the 
restriction of the importation of commercial and hu-
manitarian shipments into and out of Yemen, or the 
illicit profit from such importation by any of the 
warring parties in the conflict in Yemen;
1253 
(3) a description and evaluation of processes 
used by the Department of Defense to determine 
whether the type of military support described in 
paragraph (1)(C) has been use by any of the war-
ring parties in the conflict in Yemen to restrict the 
importation of commercial and humanitarian ship-
ments into and out of Yemen; and 
(4) a description and evaluation of processes 
used by the Department of Defense to determine 
what steps the Department has taken to reduce re-
strictions on the movement of persons into or out of 
Yemen, and restrictions on the importation of com-
mercial and humanitarian shipments into and out of 
Yemen, or the illicit profit of such importation by 
any of the warring parties in the conflict in Yemen. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(c) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on
1254 
Financial Services of the House of Representatives; 
and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Bank-
ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. 
SEC. 1272. PROHIBITION ON SUPPORT FOR MILITARY PAR-
TICIPATION AGAINST THE HOUTHIS. 
(a) PROHIBITION RELATING TO SUPPORT.—None of 
the funds authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made 
available by this Act may be made available to provide 
United States logistical support to the Saudi-led coali-
tion’s operations against the Houthis in Yemen for coali-
tion strikes, specifically by providing maintenance or 
transferring spare parts to coalition members flying war-
planes engaged in anti-Houthi bombings for coalition 
strikes. 
(b) PROHIBITION RELATING TO MILITARY PARTICI-
PATION.—None of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
or otherwise made available by this Act may be made 
available for any civilian or military personnel of the De-
partment of Defense or contractors of the Department to 
command, coordinate, participate in the movement of, or 
accompany the regular or irregular military forces of the 
Saudi and United Arab Emirates-led coalition forces en-
1255 
gaged in hostilities against the Houthis in Yemen or in 
situations in which there exists an imminent threat that 
such coalition forces become engaged in such hostilities, 
unless and until the President has obtained specific statu-
tory authorization, in accordance with section 8(a) of the 
War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1547(a)). 
(c) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—The prohibitions 
under this section may not be construed to apply with re-
spect to United States Armed Forces engaged in oper-
ations directed at al-Qaeda or associated forces. 
SEC. 1273. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION RELATING TO USE OF 
MILITARY FORCE. 
Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this 
Act may be construed to authorize the use of military 
force. 
SEC. 1274. COUNTERING WHITE IDENTITY TERRORISM 
GLOBALLY. 
(a) STRATEGY AND COORDINATION.—Not later than 
6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of State shall— 
(1) develop and submit to the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
a Department of State-wide strategy entitled the 
‘‘Department of State Strategy for Countering
1256 
White Identity Terrorism Globally’’ (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘strategy’’); and 
(2) designate the Coordinator for Counterter-
rorism of the Department to coordinate Department 
efforts to counter white identity terrorism globally, 
including with United States diplomatic and con-
sular posts, the Director of the National Counterter-
rorism Center, the Director of the Central Intel-
ligence Agency, the Attorney General, the Director 
of National Intelligence, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, the Director of the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the 
heads of any other relevant Federal departments or 
agencies. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy shall at a minimum 
contain the following: 
(1) An assessment of the global threat from 
white identity terrorism abroad, including geo-
graphic or country prioritization based on the as-
sessed threat to the United States. 
(2) A description of the coordination mecha-
nisms between relevant bureaus and offices within 
the Department of State, as well as with United 
States diplomatic and consular posts, for developing
1257 
and implementing efforts to counter white identity 
terrorism. 
(3) A description of how the Department plans 
to build on any existing strategy developed by the 
Bureau for Counterterrorism to— 
(A) adapt or expand existing Department 
programs, projects, activities, or policy instru-
ments based on existing authorities for the spe-
cific purpose of degrading and delegitimizing 
the white identity terrorist movement globally; 
and 
(B) identify the need for any new Depart-
ment programs, projects, activities, or policy in-
struments for the specific purpose of degrading 
and delegitimizing the white identity terrorist 
movement globally, including a description of 
the steps and resources necessary to establish 
any such programs, projects, activities, or policy 
instruments, noting whether such steps would 
require new authorities. 
(4) Detailed plans for using public diplomacy, 
including the efforts of the Secretary of State and 
other senior Executive Branch officials, including 
the President, to degrade and delegitimize white
1258 
identity terrorist ideologues and ideology globally, in-
cluding by— 
(A) countering white identity terrorist mes-
saging and supporting efforts to redirect poten-
tial supporters away from white identity ter-
rorist content online; 
(B) exposing foreign government support 
for white identity terrorist ideologies, objectives, 
ideologues, networks, organizations, and inter-
net platforms; 
(C) engaging with foreign governments and 
internet service providers and other relevant 
technology entities, to prevent or limit white 
identity terrorists from exploiting internet plat-
forms in furtherance of or in preparation for 
acts of terrorism or other targeted violence, as 
well as the recruitment, radicalization, and in-
doctrination of new adherents to white identity 
terrorism; and 
(D) identifying the roles and responsibil-
ities for the Office of the Under Secretary for 
Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy and the 
Global Engagement Center in developing and 
implementing such plans.
1259 
(5) An outline of steps the Department is tak-
ing or will take in coordination, as appropriate, with 
the Director of the National Counterterrorism Cen-
ter, the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, 
the Attorney General, the Director of National Intel-
ligence, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Di-
rector of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the 
Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of any 
other relevant Federal departments or agencies to 
improve information and intelligence sharing with 
other countries on white identity terrorism based on 
existing authorities by— 
(A) describing plans for adapting or ex-
panding existing mechanisms for sharing infor-
mation, intelligence, or counterterrorism best 
practices, including facilitating the sharing of 
information, intelligence, or counterterrorism 
best practices gathered by Federal, State, and 
local law enforcement; and 
(B) proposing new mechanisms or forums 
that might enable expanded sharing of informa-
tion, intelligence, or counterterrorism best prac-
tices. 
(6) An outline of how the Department plans to 
use designation as a Specially Designated Global
1260 
Terrorist (under Executive Order No. 13224 (50 
U.S.C. 1701 note)) and foreign terrorist organiza-
tion (pursuant to section 219 of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189)) to support the 
strategy, including— 
(A) an assessment and explanation of the 
utility of applying or not applying such designa-
tions when individuals or entities satisfy the cri-
teria for such designations; and 
(B) a description of possible remedies if 
such criteria are insufficient to enable designa-
tion of any individuals or entities the Secretary 
of State considers a potential terrorist threat to 
the United States. 
(7) A description of the Department’s plans, in 
consultation with the Department of the Treasury, 
to work with foreign governments, financial institu-
tions, and other related entities to counter the fi-
nancing of white identity terrorists within the pa-
rameters of current law, or if no such plans exist, 
a description of why. 
(8) A description of how the Department plans 
to implement the strategy in conjunction with ongo-
ing efforts to counter the Islamic State, al-Qaeda, 
and other terrorist threats to the United States.
1261 
(9) A description of how the Department will 
integrate into the strategy lessons learned in the on-
going efforts to counter the Islamic State, al-Qaeda, 
and other terrorist threats to the United States. 
(10) A identification of any additional resources 
or staff needed to implement the strategy. 
(c) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Secretary of 
State shall develop the strategy in coordination with the 
Director of the National Counterterrorism Center and in 
consultation with the Director of the Central Intelligence 
Agency, the Attorney General, the Director of National 
Intelligence, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Di-
rector of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, and the heads of any other rel-
evant Federal departments or agencies. 
(d) STAKEHOLDER INCLUSION.—The strategy shall 
be developed in consultation with representatives of 
United States and international civil society and academic 
entities with experience researching or implementing pro-
grams to counter white identity terrorism. 
(e) FORM.—The strategy shall be submitted in un-
classified form that can be made available to the public, 
but may include a classified annex if the Secretary of 
State determines such is appropriate.
1262 
(f) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 3 months 
after the submission of the strategy, the Secretary of State 
shall begin implementing the strategy. 
(g) CONSULTATION.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act and not less often 
than annually thereafter, the Secretary of State shall con-
sult with the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate regarding the development and imple-
mentation of the strategy. 
(h) COUNTRY REPORTS ON TERRORISM.—The Sec-
retary of State shall incorporate all credible information 
about white identity terrorism, including regarding rel-
evant attacks, the identification of perpetrators and vic-
tims of such attacks, the size and identification of organi-
zations and networks, and the identification of notable 
ideologues, in the annual country reports on terrorism 
submitted pursuant to section 140 of the Foreign Rela-
tions Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 
U.S.C. 2656f). 
(i) REPORT ON SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days and 
again 240 days after the submission of each annual 
country report on terrorism submitted pursuant to 
section 140 of the Foreign Relations Authorization
1263 
Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (22 U.S.C. 2656f), 
as modified in accordance with subsection (h), the 
President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a re-
port that determines whether the foreign persons, 
organizations, and networks identified in such an-
nual country reports on terrorism as so modified, 
satisfy the criteria to be designated as— 
(A) foreign terrorist organizations under 
section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1189); or 
(B) Specially Designated Global Terrorist 
under Executive Order No. 13224 (50 U.S.C. 
1701 note). 
(2) FORM.—Each determination required under 
subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified 
form, but may include a classified annex, if appro-
priate. 
(j) REQUIREMENT FOR INDEPENDENT STUDY TO 
MAP THE GLOBAL WHITE IDENTITY TERRORISM MOVE-
MENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of State shall enter into a contract with a federally
1264 
funded research and development center with appro-
priate expertise and analytical capability to carry out 
the study described in paragraph (2). 
(2) STUDY.—The study described in this sub-
section shall provide for a comprehensive social net-
work analysis of the global white identity terrorism 
movement to— 
(A) identify key actors, organizations, and 
supporting infrastructure; and 
(B) map the relationships and interactions 
between such actors, organizations, and sup-
porting infrastructure. 
(3) REPORT.— 
(A) TO THE SECRETARY.—Not later than 
1 year after the date on which the Secretary of 
State enters into a contract pursuant to sub-
section (a), the federally funded research and 
development center referred to in such sub-
section that has entered into such contract with 
the Secretary shall submit to the Secretary a 
report containing the results of the study re-
quired under this section. 
(B) TO
CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 
days after receipt of the report under subpara-
graph (A), the Secretary of State shall submit
1265 
to the Committee of Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate such report, 
together with any additional views or rec-
ommendations of the Secretary. 
SEC. 1275. YEMEN. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to protect United States citizens and stra-
tegic interests in the Middle East region; 
(2) to support United Nations-led efforts to end 
violence in Yemen and secure a comprehensive polit-
ical settlement to the conflict in Yemen that results 
in protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure 
and alleviates the humanitarian crisis including by 
facilitating unfettered access for all Yemenis to food, 
fuel, and medicine; 
(3) to encourage all parties to the conflict in 
Yemen to participate in good faith in the United Na-
tions-led process and to uphold interim agreements 
as part of that process to end the conflict, leading 
to reconstruction in Yemen; 
(4) to support United States allies and partners 
in defending their borders and territories in order to 
maintain stability and security in the Middle East
1266 
region and encourage burden sharing among such 
allies and partners; 
(5) to assist United States allies and partners 
in countering destabilization of the Middle East re-
gion; 
(6) to oppose Iranian arms transfers in viola-
tion of UN Security Council resolutions, including 
transfers to the Houthis; 
(7) to encourage the Government of Saudi Ara-
bia and the Government of the United Arab Emir-
ates to assist significantly in the economic stabiliza-
tion and eventual reconstruction of Yemen; and 
(8) to encourage all parties to the conflict to 
comply with the law of armed conflict, including to 
investigate credible allegations of war crimes and 
provide redress to civilian victims. 
(b) REPORT ON CONFLICT IN YEMEN.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act , the Sec-
retary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a report on United States policy in Yemen.
1267 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required under subsection (b) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A detailed description of diplomatic ac-
tions taken by the United States Government to 
help ease human suffering in Yemen, includ-
ing— 
(i) United States direct humanitarian 
assistance and United States donations to 
multilateral humanitarian assistance ef-
forts, including to address the COVID–19 
pandemic; 
(ii) efforts to ensure that humani-
tarian assistance is delivered in line with 
internationally 
recognized 
humanitarian 
principles, and the results of such efforts; 
(iii) efforts to facilitate humanitarian 
and commercial cargo shipments into 
Yemen and minimize delays associated 
with such shipments, including access to 
ports for humanitarian and commercial 
cargo, and the results of such efforts; 
(iv) efforts to work with parties to the 
conflict in Yemen to ensure protection of
1268 
civilians and civilian infrastructure, and 
the results of such efforts; 
(v) efforts to help the Government of 
Yemen to create a mechanism to ensure 
that salaries and pensions are paid to civil 
servants as appropriate, and the results of 
such efforts; and 
(vi) efforts to work with ROYG and 
countries that are members of the Saudi- 
led coalition in Yemen to address the cur-
rency crisis in Yemen and the solvency of 
the Central Bank of Yemen, and the re-
sults of such efforts. 
(B) An assessment of plans, commitments, 
and pledges for reconstruction of Yemen made 
by countries that are members of the Saudi-led 
coalition in Yemen, including an assessment of 
proposed coordination with the Government of 
Yemen and international organizations. 
(C) A description of civilian harm occur-
ring in the context of the conflict in Yemen 
since Nov 2017, including— 
(i) mass casualty incidents; and 
(ii) damage to, and destruction of, ci-
vilian infrastructure and services.
1269 
(D) An estimated total number of civilian 
casualties in the context of the conflict in 
Yemen since September 2014, disaggregated by 
year. 
(E) A detailed description of actions taken 
by the United States Government to support 
the efforts of the United Nations Special Envoy 
for Yemen to reach a lasting political solution 
in Yemen. 
(F) A detailed assessment of whether and 
to what extent members of the Saudi-led coali-
tion in Yemen have used United States-origin 
defense articles and defense services in Yemen 
in contravention of the laws of armed conflict 
when engaging in any military operations 
against the Houthis in Yemen. 
(G) A description of external and cross 
border attacks perpetrated by the Houthis. 
(H) A detailed assessment of the Govern-
ment of Yemen’s willingness and capacity to ef-
fectively— 
(i) provide public services to the peo-
ple of Yemen; 
(ii) service the external debts of 
Yemen; and
1270 
(iii) facilitate or ensure access to hu-
manitarian assistance and key commodities 
in Yemen. 
(I) A description of support for the 
Houthis by Iran and Iran-backed groups, in-
cluding provision of weapons and training. 
(J) A description of recruitment and use of 
child soldiers by parties to the conflict in 
Yemen. 
(3) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form 
(without the classification ‘‘For Official Use Only’’) 
but may contain a classified annex. 
(4) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives; 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Armed Services of the 
Senate; 
(C) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives; 
and
1271 
(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the Senate. 
(c) REPORT ON UNITED STATES MILITARY SUP-
PORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
report on United States military support to coun-
tries that are members of the Saudi-led coalition in 
Yemen since March 2015 that evaluates— 
(A) the manner and extent to which the 
United States military has provided and con-
tinues to provide support to such countries in 
Yemen; 
(B) the extent to which the Department of 
Defense has determined that its advice or as-
sistance has— 
(i) minimized violations of the laws of 
armed conflict in Yemen, including any 
credible allegations of torture, arbitrary de-
tention, and other gross violations of inter-
nationally recognized human rights by 
ROYG and countries that are members of 
the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen; and
1272 
(ii) reduced civilian casualties and 
damage to civilian infrastructure; 
(C) the responsiveness and completeness of 
any certifications submitted pursuant to section 
1290 of the John S. McCain National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public 
Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 2081); and 
(D) the responsiveness and completeness of 
any reports submitted pursuant to section 1274 
of the John S. McCain National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public 
Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 2067). 
(2) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form 
(without the classification ‘‘For Official Use Only’’), 
but may contain a classified annex. 
(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Armed Services of the 
Senate.
1273 
SEC. 1276. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE OF SUB-
NATIONAL DIPLOMACY. 
Section 1 of the State Department Basic Authorities 
Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(h) OFFICE OF SUBNATIONAL DIPLOMACY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There shall be established 
within the Department of State an Office of Sub-
national Diplomacy (in this subsection referred to as 
the ‘Office’). 
‘‘(2) HEAD OF OFFICE.—The head of the Office 
shall be a full-time position filled by a senior De-
partment official. The head of the Office shall report 
directly to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.— 
‘‘(A) PRINCIPAL
DUTY.—The principal 
duty of the head of the Office shall be the over-
all supervision (including policy oversight of re-
sources) of Federal support for subnational en-
gagements by State and municipal governments 
with foreign governments. The head of the Of-
fice shall be the principal adviser to the Sec-
retary of State on subnational engagements and 
the principal official on such matters within the 
senior management of the Department of State.
1274 
‘‘(B) ADDITIONAL
DUTIES.—The addi-
tional duties of the head of the Office shall in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(i) 
Coordinating 
overall 
United 
States policy and programs in support of 
subnational engagements by State and mu-
nicipal governments with foreign govern-
ments, including with respect to the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(I) 
Coordinating 
resources 
across the Department of State and 
throughout the Federal Government 
in support of such engagements. 
‘‘(II) Identifying policy, program, 
and funding disputes among relevant 
Federal agencies regarding such co-
ordination. 
‘‘(III) Identifying gaps in Fed-
eral support for such engagements 
and developing corresponding policy 
or programmatic changes to address 
such gaps. 
‘‘(ii) Promoting United States foreign 
policy goals through support for sub-
national engagements and aligning sub-
1275 
national priorities with national foreign 
policy goals, as appropriate. 
‘‘(iii) Maintaining a public database of 
subnational engagements. 
‘‘(iv) Providing advisory support to 
subnational engagements, including by as-
sisting State and municipal governments 
to— 
‘‘(I) develop, implement, and, as 
necessary, adjust global engagement 
and public diplomacy strategies; and 
‘‘(II) implement programs to co-
operate with foreign governments on 
policy priorities or managing shared 
resources. 
‘‘(v) Facilitating linkages and net-
works between State and municipal govern-
ments and their foreign counterparts. 
‘‘(vi) Overseeing the work of Depart-
ment of State detailees assigned to State 
and municipal governments pursuant to 
this subsection. 
‘‘(vii) Negotiating agreements and 
memoranda of understanding with foreign
1276 
governments to support subnational en-
gagements and priorities. 
‘‘(viii) Promoting United States trade 
and foreign exports on behalf of United 
States businesses through exchanges be-
tween the United States and foreign state, 
municipal, and provincial governments, and 
by establishing a more enduring relation-
ship overall between subnational govern-
ments. 
‘‘(ix) Coordinating subnational en-
gagements with the associations of sub-
national elected leaders, including the U.S. 
Conference of Mayors, National Governors 
Association, National League of Cities, Na-
tional Association of Counties, Council of 
State Governments, National Conference of 
State Legislators, and State International 
Development Offices. 
‘‘(4) DETAILEES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of 
State, acting through the head of the Office, is 
authorized to detail a member of the civil serv-
ice or Foreign Service to State and municipal 
governments on a reimbursable or nonreimburs-
1277 
able basis. Such details shall be for a period not 
to exceed 2 years, and shall be without inter-
ruption or loss of Foreign Service status or 
privilege. 
‘‘(B) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Detailees under 
subparagraph (A) shall carry out the following: 
‘‘(i) Supporting the mission and objec-
tives of the Office. 
‘‘(ii) Coordinating activities relating to 
State and municipal government sub-
national engagements with the Department 
of State, including the Office, Department 
leadership, and regional and functional bu-
reaus of the Department, as appropriate. 
‘‘(iii) Engaging the Department of 
State and other Federal agencies regarding 
security, public health, trade promotion, 
and other programs executed at the State 
or municipal government level. 
‘‘(iv) Advising State and municipal 
government officials regarding questions of 
global affairs, foreign policy, cooperative 
agreements, and public diplomacy.
1278 
‘‘(v) Any other duties requested by 
State and municipal governments and ap-
proved by the Office. 
‘‘(5) REPORT AND BRIEFING.— 
‘‘(A) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this sub-
section, the head of the Office shall submit to 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on For-
eign Relations of the Senate a report that in-
cludes information relating to the following: 
‘‘(i) The staffing plan (including per-
manent and temporary staff) for the Of-
fice. 
‘‘(ii) The funding level provided to the 
Office for the Office, together with a jus-
tification relating to such level. 
‘‘(iii) The status of filling the position 
of head of the Office. 
‘‘(iv) The rank and title granted to 
the head of the Office, together with a jus-
tification relating to such decision and an 
analysis of whether the rank and title of 
Ambassador-at-Large is required to fulfill 
the duties of the Office.
1279 
‘‘(v) A strategic plan for the Office. 
‘‘(vi) Any other matters as determined 
relevant by the head of the Office. 
‘‘(B) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 30 days 
after the submission of the report required 
under subparagraph (A) and annually there-
after, the head of the Office shall brief the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate on the work of the Of-
fice and any changes made to the organiza-
tional structure or funding of the Office. 
‘‘(6) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection may be construed as precluding— 
‘‘(A) the Office from being elevated to a 
bureau within the Department of State; or 
‘‘(B) the head of the Office from being ele-
vated to an Assistant Secretary, if such an As-
sistant Secretary position does not increase the 
number of Assistant Secretary positions at the 
Department above the number authorized under 
subsection (c)(1). 
‘‘(7) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) MUNICIPAL.—The term ‘municipal’ 
means, with respect to the government of a mu-
1280 
nicipality in the United States, a municipality 
with a population of not fewer than 100,000 
people. 
‘‘(B) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means the 
50 States, the District of Columbia, and any 
territory or possession of the United States. 
‘‘(C) SUBNATIONAL
ENGAGEMENT.—The 
term ‘subnational engagement’ means formal 
meetings or events between elected officials of 
State or municipal governments and their for-
eign counterparts.’’. 
SEC. 1277. REPORT AND STRATEGY TO ADDRESS GROSS 
VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL-
IAN HARM IN BURKINA FASO, MALI, AND 
NIGER. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter for 3 years, the Secretary of De-
fense and the Secretary of State shall jointly submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
on gross violations of human rights and civilian 
harm in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, as well as 
civilian harm that may occur during United States-
1281 
supported advise, assist, and accompany operations 
in the Sahel region. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required by this subsection shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An identification of all state security 
force units of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger 
that participated in United States security co-
operation programs or benefitted from security 
assistance since fiscal year 2017, whether any 
of these units were subsequently credibly impli-
cated in gross violations of human rights, in-
cluding extrajudicial killings and torture, and 
the approximate locations, to the extent pos-
sible, of where such violations have taken place. 
(B) A description of gross violations of 
human rights and civilian harm committed by 
violent extremist organizations and other armed 
groups operating in Burkina Faso, Mali, and 
Niger, including deaths of state security forces 
and destruction of civilian infrastructure, in-
cluding schools, medical facilities, and churches. 
(C) An assessment of the relationship be-
tween state security forces and any non-state 
armed groups active in Burkina Faso, Mali,
1282 
and Niger, including an analysis of the extent 
to which any armed group that has been 
credibly implicated in gross violations of human 
rights or civilian casualties received material 
support from the governments or militaries of 
such countries. 
(D) An assessment of efforts by the Gov-
ernments of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to 
prevent and decrease instances of gross viola-
tions of human rights or civilian casualties by 
state security forces during counterterrorism 
operations and ensure accountability for viola-
tions that have occurred since fiscal year 2017 
through appropriate justice systems, including 
efforts to investigate, prosecute, and sentence 
such violations. 
(E) An assessment of the impact that any 
gross violations of human rights and other civil-
ian casualties perpetrated by state security 
forces and non-state armed groups in Burkina 
Faso, Mali, and Niger have had on the effec-
tiveness of regional and international counter-
terrorism operations. 
(F) An assessment of the effectiveness of 
any United States human rights training pro-
1283 
vided to the security forces of Burkina Faso, 
Mali, and Niger to date. 
(G) A description of any confirmed inci-
dents or reports of civilian harm that may have 
occurred during United States military advise, 
assist, or accompany operations. 
(H) Any other matters that the Secretary 
of Defense and the Secretary of State consider 
to be relevant. 
(b) STRATEGY REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense and the Secretary of State shall jointly 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a United States strategy to prevent civilian harm 
and address gross violations of human rights by 
state security forces of Burkina Faso, Mali, and 
Niger, and ensure accountability for such violations. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The strategy 
required by this subsection shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A description of planned public and 
private diplomatic engagement to support ef-
forts by the Governments of Burkina Faso, 
Mali, and Niger to investigate and prosecute
1284 
any credible allegations of gross violations of 
human rights by state security forces and non- 
state armed groups. 
(B) An identification of United States for-
eign assistance and security cooperation funds 
and other available United States policy tools to 
support programs aimed at addressing gross 
violations of human rights and civilian harm, 
and an assessment of how they can be strength-
ened to greater effect. 
(C) An identification of United States for-
eign assistance and security cooperation funds 
available to support the state security forces of 
Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger to combat vio-
lent extremist organizations, improve civil-mili-
tary relations, and strengthen accountability 
through their military justice systems, including 
support for building the capacity of provost 
marshals. 
(D) An identification of state security 
forces of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger that 
would most benefit from United States foreign 
assistance and security cooperation funds iden-
tified in subparagraph (C) and that are eligible 
to receive such funds.
1285 
(E) A description of plans to coordinate 
United States efforts with France, the Euro-
pean Union, the United Nations Stabilization 
Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), the African 
Union, and the G5 Sahel Joint Force to de-
crease gross violations of human rights and 
minimize civilian harm during all counterter-
rorism operations in the Sahel. 
(F) Any other matters that the Secretary 
of Defense and the Secretary of State consider 
to be relevant. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
and the strategy required by subsection (b) shall be sub-
mitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
annex. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate.
1286 
(2) CIVILIAN HARM.—In this section, the term 
‘‘civilian harm’’ means conflict-related death, phys-
ical injury, loss of property or livelihood, or interrup-
tion of access to essential services. 
SEC. 1278. ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF UNITED 
STATES POLICIES RELATING TO EXPORTS OF 
UNITED STATES-ORIGIN UNMANNED AERIAL 
SYSTEMS THAT ARE ASSESSED TO BE ‘‘CAT-
EGORY I’’ ITEMS UNDER THE MISSILE TECH-
NOLOGY CONTROL REGIME. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 
through December 31, 2025, the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall conduct 
and submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
an assessment of the effectiveness of United States poli-
cies to— 
(1) export United States-origin Unmanned Aer-
ial Systems (UAS) that are assessed to be ‘‘Category 
I’’ items under the Missile Technology Control Re-
gime (MTCR) (in this section referred to as ‘‘cov-
ered items’’); and 
(2) support United States allies and partners’ 
security, counter-terrorism capabilities, persistent in-
telligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) ca-
1287 
pabilities, and persistent maritime domain awareness 
and strengthen bilateral relationships through ex-
ports of covered items. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The assessment 
required by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) A description of steps taken to enhance 
United States competitiveness in the global UAS 
market, including markets in which covered items 
have been exported to foreign countries that pre-
viously received UAS that are assessed to be ‘‘Cat-
egory I’’ items under the MTCR from third coun-
tries. 
(2) A description of how the Department of 
State and other relevant Federal agencies evaluate 
United States allies and partners’ access to covered 
items. 
(3) A description of progress to prevent state 
and non-state actors from gaining covered items’ ca-
pabilities that would undermine the safety and secu-
rity of United States allies and partners. 
(4) An identification of the total number of li-
censes requested, approved, returned without action, 
or denied for the export of covered items and the 
typical amount of time needed to process such re-
1288 
quests beginning on the date on which the license 
was received by the Department of State. 
(5) A summary of results of end use checks 
conducted during the assessment period by the De-
partment of State and the Department of Defense 
with respect to covered items transferred under the 
Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et. seq.) 
and any pending or concluded investigations into 
end-use violations of covered items pursuant to sec-
tion 3 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2753). 
(c) PERIODS COVERED BY ASSESSMENTS.—The first 
assessment required by subsection (a) shall cover the 3- 
year period ending on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. Each subsequent assessment required by subsection 
(a) shall cover the 1-year period beginning on the day after 
the end of the period covered in the preceding assessment. 
(d) FORM.—The assessment required by subsection 
(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include 
a classified annex. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means—
1289 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1279. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE UNITED STATES 
ISRAEL RELATIONSHIP. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) since 1948, Israel has been one of the 
strongest friends and allies of the United States; 
(2) Israel is a stable, democratic country in a 
region often marred by turmoil; 
(3) it is essential to the strategic interest of the 
United States to continue to offer full security as-
sistance and related support to Israel; and 
(4) such assistance and support is especially 
vital as Israel confronts a number of potential chal-
lenges at the present time, including continuing 
threats from Iran. 
SEC. 1280. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON INCREASED ROTA-
TIONAL DEPLOYMENTS TO GREECE AND EN-
HANCEMENT 
OF 
UNITED 
STATES-GREECE 
DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT. 
(a) FEASIBILITY STUDY.—
1290 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall conduct a study on the feasibility of increased 
rotational deployments of members of the Armed 
Forces 
to 
Greece, 
including 
to 
Souda 
Bay, 
Alexandroupoli, Larissa, Volos, and Stefanovikeio. 
(2) ELEMENT.—The study required by para-
graph (1) shall include an evaluation of any infra-
structure investment necessary to support such in-
creased rotational deployments. 
(3) REPORT
TO
CONGRESS.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the con-
gressional defense committees a report on the results 
of the study required by paragraph (1). 
(b) DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT.—The Secretary of 
State is encouraged to pursue persistent United States 
diplomatic engagement with respect to the Greece-Cyprus- 
Israel and Greece-Cyprus-Egypt trilateral agreements be-
yond the occasional participation of United States dip-
lomats in the regular summits of the countries party to 
such agreements.
1291 
SEC. 1281. REPORT ON INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLES 
IN UKRAINE, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, AND AZER-
BAIJAN. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on 
the status of internally displaced persons in Ukraine, 
Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of 
Azerbaijan. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall include an assessment of the following: 
(1) The number of citizens of Ukraine, Georgia, 
Moldova, and Azerbaijan who have been forcibly dis-
placed in illegally occupied regions in Ukraine, Geor-
gia, Moldova, and Azerbaijan by foreign forces since 
1991. 
(2) The number of citizens of Ukraine, Georgia, 
Moldova, and Azerbaijan who have been killed in re-
gions illegally occupied by foreign forces since 1991. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means—
1292 
(1) the congressional defense committees; 
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1282. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CROSS-BORDER VIO-
LENCE IN THE GALWAN VALLEY AND THE 
GROWING TERRITORIAL CLAIMS OF THE 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) Since a truce in 1962 ended skirmishes be-
tween India and the People’s Republic of China, the 
countries have been divided by a 2,100-mile-long 
Line of Actual Control. 
(2) In the decades since the truce, military 
standoffs between India and the People’s Republic of 
China have flared; however, the standoffs have rare-
ly claimed the lives of soldiers. 
(3) In the months leading up to June, 15, 
2020, along the Line of Actual Control, the People’s 
Republic of China— 
(A) reportedly amassed 5,000 soldiers; and
1293 
(B) is believed to have crossed into pre-
viously disputed territory considered to be set-
tled as part of India under the 1962 truce. 
(4) On June 6, 2020, the People’s Republic of 
China and India reached an agreement to deescalate 
and disengage along the Line of Actual Control. 
(5) On June 15, 2020, at least 20 Indian sol-
diers and an unconfirmed number of Chinese sol-
diers were killed in skirmishes following a weeks- 
long standoff in Eastern Ladakh, which is the de 
facto border between India and the People’s Repub-
lic of China. 
(6) Following the deadly violence, Prime Min-
ister Narendra Modi of India stated, ‘‘[w]henever 
there have been differences of opinion, we have al-
ways tried to ensure that those differences never 
turned into a dispute’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) India and the People’s Republic of China 
should work toward deescalating the situation along 
the Line of Actual Control; and 
(2) the expansion and aggression of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China in and around disputed terri-
tories, such as the Line of Actual Control, the South
1294 
China Sea, the Senkaku Islands, is of significant 
concern. 
SEC. 1283. ENHANCING ENGAGEMENT WITH THE CARIB-
BEAN. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the prosperity and security of the Caribbean 
region is a matter of significant importance for the 
United States, and promotion of such should be a 
component of United States policy; 
(2) the United States and the Caribbean region, 
due to both geographic proximity and close societal 
ties, are bound together by a variety of shared inter-
ests, including with respect to— 
(A) enhancing mutual resiliency and pre-
paredness for natural disasters; 
(B) coordinating humanitarian responses 
to such disasters; 
(C) advancing trade, investment, academic 
exchange, and other cooperative efforts between 
the United States and the Caribbean region; 
(D) enhancing Caribbean states’ security 
and safeguarding territorial sovereignty, includ-
ing from risks related to predatory financing;
1295 
(E) strengthening the rule of law, sup-
porting civil society, and upholding human 
rights; 
(F) addressing other mutual challenges, in-
cluding hemispheric efforts to combat the 
coronavirus pandemic; and 
(G) countering drug trafficking; 
(3) in furtherance of these and other shared in-
terests, the United States should strengthen its en-
gagement with the Caribbean region; and 
(4) the Department of State’s and the Depart-
ment of Defense’s facilitation of such engagement is 
essential, given the role of the various agencies of 
the United States government in coordinating hu-
manitarian responses and United States national se-
curity. 
SEC. 1284. AMENDMENTS TO ANNUAL COUNTRY REPORTS 
ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES. 
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended as 
follows: 
(1) In section 116 (22 U.S.C. 2151n), by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) STATUS
OF EXCESSIVE SURVEILLANCE
AND 
USE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY.—
1296 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The report required by 
subsection (d) shall include, wherever applicable, a 
description of the status of surveillance and use of 
advanced technology to impose arbitrary or unlawful 
interference with privacy, or unlawful or unnecessary 
restrictions on freedoms of expression, peaceful as-
sembly, association, or other internationally recog-
nized human rights in each country, including— 
‘‘(A) whether the government of such 
country has adopted and is enforcing laws, reg-
ulations, policies, or practices relating to— 
‘‘(i) government surveillance or cen-
sorship, including through facial recogni-
tion, biometric data collection, internet and 
social media controls, sensors, spyware 
data analytics, non-cooperative location 
tracking, recording devices, or other simi-
lar advanced technologies, and any allega-
tions or reports that this surveillance or 
censorship was unreasonable; 
‘‘(ii) searches or seizures of individual 
or private institution data without inde-
pendent judicial authorization or oversight; 
and
1297 
‘‘(iii) surveillance of any group based 
on political views, religious beliefs, eth-
nicity, or other protected category, in viola-
tion of equal protection rights; 
‘‘(B) whether such country has imported 
or unlawfully obtained biometric or facial rec-
ognition data from other countries or entities 
and, if applicable, from whom; and 
‘‘(C) whether the government agency end- 
user has targeted individuals, including through 
the use of technology, in retaliation for the ex-
ercise of their human rights or on discrimina-
tory grounds prohibited by international law, 
including targeting journalists or members of 
minority groups. 
‘‘(2) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 
‘internet and social media controls’ means the arbi-
trary or unlawful imposition of restrictions, by state 
or service providers, on internet and digital informa-
tion and communication, such as through the block-
ing or filtering of websites, social media platforms, 
and communication applications, the deletion of con-
tent and social media posts, or the penalization of 
online speech, in a manner that violates rights to 
free expression or assembly.’’.
1298 
(2) In section 502B(b) (22 U.S.C. 2304(b))— 
(A) by redesignating the second subsection 
(i) (as added by section 1207(b)(2) of Public 
Law 113–4) as subsection (j); and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(k) STATUS
OF EXCESSIVE SURVEILLANCE
AND 
USE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY.—The report required 
under subsection (b) shall include, wherever applicable, a 
description of the status of excessive surveillance and use 
of advanced technology to restrict human rights, including 
the descriptions of such policies or practices required 
under section 116(h).’’. 
SEC. 1285. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL COMMISSION ON 
U.S. COUNTERTERRORISM POLICY. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established an inde-
pendent commission within the legislative branch to be 
known as the ‘‘National Commission on U.S. Counterter-
rorism Policy’’ (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Commis-
sion’’). 
(b) PURPOSE.—The Commission shall assess United 
States counterterrorism efforts, including the study areas 
specified in subsection (c), and make recommendations 
based on its findings. 
(c) STUDY AREAS.—In carrying out subsection (b), 
the Commission shall study the following: