TITLE 
I—STRENGTHENING 
UNITED STATES SANCTIONS 
AGAINST SYRIA 
SEC. 101. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY. 
Congress makes the following declarations of policy: 
(1) The actions of the Government of the Syr-
ian Arab Republic, including its support for, and fa-
cilitation of, terrorist activities, including inside of 
Iraq, its development of long-range missiles and 
weapons of mass destruction programs and capabili-
ties, its continued interference with the internal af-
fairs of the Lebanese Republic in violation of mul-
tiple United Nations Security Council resolutions 
and of its international obligations, and its massive, 
systematic, and extraordinary violations of human 
rights of the Syrian people, are a threat to the na-
tional security interests of the United States and 
international peace. 
(2) The policy of the United States shall be to 
deny the Government of Syria the ability to carry 
out the following: 
(A) To finance, provide safe-haven, or oth-
erwise support terrorist organizations. 
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(B) To develop chemical, biological, radio-
logical, or nuclear weapons and long-range bal-
listic missiles. 
(C) To continue to interfere in the affairs 
of the Government of Lebanon in contravention 
of multiple United Nations Security Council 
Resolutions, and other pertinent obligations. 
(D) To continue to oppress the people of 
Syria. 
(3) The President should advocate for, and 
should instruct the United States Permanent Rep-
resentative to the United Nations to propose and 
seek within the United Nations Security Council, a 
mandatory international embargo against the Gov-
ernment of Syria, pursuant to Article 41 of the 
Charter of the United Nations. 
(4) Any effort by a country that is a recipient 
of United States assistance to facilitate, directly or 
indirectly, the development of Syria’s chemical, bio-
logical, radiological, or nuclear weapons capabilities, 
long-range ballistic missile development programs, or 
to help make operational any nuclear facility in 
Syria will have a detrimental impact on United 
States assistance to, or commercial and financial re-
lations with, such country. 
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SEC. 102. CODIFICATION OF EXISTING SANCTIONS. 
Restrictions against the Government of Syria, and on 
persons by reason of their direction of, or contribution to, 
activities of the Government of Syria, that were imposed 
pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act, the Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sov-
ereignty Act of 2003, the Iran, North Korea, and Syria 
Nonproliferation Act, or any similar provision of law, as 
in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, includ-
ing the restrictions imposed under Executive Order 12938 
(as amended by Executive Order 13094), Executive Order 
13338, Executive Order 13399, and any similar Executive 
Order, shall remain in effect against the Government of 
Syria and may not be lifted pursuant to such provisions 
of law until the President certifies to the appropriate con-
gressional committees that a government exists in Syria 
that— 
(1) has ceased any and all support for terrorism 
and has not provided such support during the pre-
ceding 5-year period, including support for Pales-
tinian terrorist groups, and has not been determined 
by the Secretary of State, for the purposes of section 
6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, sec-
tion 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, or any 
other provision of law, to be a government that has 
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repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
terrorism at any time during that 5-year period; 
(2) has permanently dismantled Syria’s chem-
ical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons 
programs and has taken demonstrable steps to com-
bat the proliferation of such weapons; 
(3) respects the boundaries, sovereignty, and 
right to exist of all neighboring countries; and 
(4) upholds and defends the human rights and 
civil liberties of its people. 
SEC. 103. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN PERSONS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—If any person transfers or re-
transfers goods or technology so as to contribute to the 
efforts by the Government of Syria to acquire or develop 
destabilizing numbers or types of advanced conventional 
weapons, or to acquire, develop, produce, or stockpile bio-
logical, chemical, radiological, or nuclear weapons or long- 
range ballistic missiles, then the sanctions described in 
subsection (b) shall be imposed. 
(b) SANCTIONS.—The sanctions to be imposed pursu-
ant to subsection (a) are as follows: 
(1) PROCUREMENT
SANCTION.—The United 
States Government shall not procure, or enter into 
any contract for the procurement of, any goods or 
services from the sanctioned person. 
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(2) EXPORT
SANCTION.—The United States 
Government shall not issue any license for any ex-
port by or to the sanctioned person. 
(3) IMPORT
SANCTION.—The President shall 
ban the importation of any article that is a product 
of the sanctioned person. 
(c) PERSONS AGAINST WHOM SANCTIONS ARE TO 
BE IMPOSED.—The sanctions described in subsections (a) 
and (b) shall be imposed on— 
(1) any person the President determines has 
carried out the activities described in subsection (a); 
and 
(2) any person the President determines— 
(A) is a successor entity to the person re-
ferred to in paragraph (1); 
(B) is a parent or subsidiary of the person 
referred to in paragraph (1) if that parent or 
subsidiary engaged in the activities referred to 
in paragraph (1); or 
(C) is an affiliate of the person referred to 
in paragraph (1) if that affiliate engaged in the 
activities referred to in paragraph (1) and if 
that affiliate is controlled in fact by the person 
referred to in paragraph (1). 
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