‘‘(d) DEFENSE.—It is a defense against any civil ac-
tion to obtain relief for a violation of this chapter that 
the defendant acted in a good faith reliance on— 
‘‘(1) a warrant or court order, grand jury sub-
poena, legislative authorization, or statutory author-
ization; or 
‘‘(2) a reasonable determination that an excep-
tion under section 2602 permitted the conduct com-
plained of. 
‘‘(e) LIMITATION.—A civil action under this section 
may not be commenced later than two years after the date 
upon which the claimant first has a reasonable oppor-
tunity to discover the violation. 
‘‘(f) ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINE.—If a court or ap-
propriate department or agency determines that the 
United States or any of its departments or agencies has 
violated any provision of this chapter, and the court or 
appropriate department or agency finds that the cir-
cumstances surrounding the violation raise serious ques-
tions about whether or not an officer or employee of the 
United States acted willfully or intentionally with respect 
to the violation, the department or agency shall, upon re-
ceipt of a true and correct copy of the decision and find-
ings of the court or appropriate department or agency 
promptly initiate a proceeding to determine whether dis-
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ciplinary action against the officer or employee is war-
ranted. If the head of the department or agency involved 
determines that disciplinary action is not warranted, such 
head shall notify the Inspector General with jurisdiction 
over the department or agency concerned and shall provide 
the Inspector General with the reasons for such deter-
mination.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL
AMENDMENT.—The table of 
chapters for part 1 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
chapter 119 the following: 
‘‘120. Geolocation information ................................................................ 2601’’. 
(3) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS.—Section 
3512(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amend-
ed— 
(A) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (C), 
(D), and (E), respectively; and 
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(A) the following: 
‘‘(B) a warrant or order for geolocation in-
formation or records related thereto, as pro-
vided under section 2602 of this title;’’. 
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(b) REQUIREMENT FOR SEARCH WARRANTS TO OB-
TAIN GEOLOCATION INFORMATION.—Rule 41(a) of the 
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting a comma and ‘‘including 
geolocation information.’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) ‘Geolocation information’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 2601 of title 
18, United States Code.’’. 
(c) STATEMENT OF EXCLUSIVE MEANS OF OBTAIN-
ING GEOLOCATION INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—No person may obtain the 
geolocation information of a person for protective ac-
tivities or law enforcement or intelligence purposes 
except pursuant to a warrant issued pursuant to 
rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 
as amended by subsection (b), or the amendments 
made by this section, or the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801). 
(2) GEOLOCATION INFORMATION DEFINED.—In 
this subsection, the term ‘‘geolocation information’’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 2601 of 
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title 18, United States Code, as amended by sub-
section (a). 
Æ 
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