datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
‘‘(4) The Secretary may not make any loan or 
loan guarantee under this section if the loan will be 
subordinated— 
‘‘(A) to another debt contracted by the 
borrower; or 
‘‘(B) to any other claims against the bor-
rower in the case of default. 
‘‘(5) The Secretary may not make any loan 
guarantee under this section unless the Secretary 
determines, at the Secretary’s discretion, that— 
‘‘(A) the lender is responsible; and 
‘‘(B) adequate provision is made for serv-
icing the loan on reasonable terms and pro-
tecting the financial interest of the United 
States. 
‘‘(6) The Secretary may not make any loan 
guarantee under this section if the income from the 
loan will be excluded from gross income for purposes 
of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 
‘‘(7) The Secretary may not make any loan or 
loan guarantee under this section unless— 
‘‘(A) the loan and interest supplements on 
any loan guarantee will be at an interest rate 
that is set by reference to a benchmark interest 
rate on marketable Treasury securities with a 
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I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3267 
To ensure that borrowers who have performed qualifying public service are 
eligible for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 8, 2025 
Ms. HOULAHAN (for herself and Mr. FITZPATRICK) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and Workforce 
A BILL 
To ensure that borrowers who have performed qualifying 
public service are eligible for Public Service Loan For-
giveness. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Public Service Loan 
Forgiveness Payment Completion Fairness Act’’ or the 
‘‘PSLF Payment Completion Fairness Act’’. 
SEC. 2. PUBLIC SERVICE LOAN FORGIVENESS. 
Section 455(m)(1)(B) of the Higher Education Act 
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e(m)(1)(B)) is amended by strik-
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ing ‘‘(i) is employed’’ and all that follows through ‘‘(ii) 
has been’’ and inserting ‘‘has been’’. 
Æ 
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‘‘(i) in the case of a unit of general 
local government that is not in a non-
entitlement area, shall be returned to the 
Secretary for grants under this title to 
States and other units of general local gov-
ernment that are not defunding localities; 
and 
‘‘(ii) in the case of a unit of general 
local government that is in a nonentitle-
ment area, shall be returned to the Gov-
ernor of the State for grants under this 
title to other units of general local govern-
ment in the State that are not defunding 
localities. 
‘‘(C) REALLOCATION
RULES.—In reallo-
cating amounts under subparagraphs (A) and 
(B), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) apply the relevant allocation for-
mula under subsection (b) or (d) of section 
106, with all defunding States and local-
ities excluded; and 
‘‘(ii) shall not be subject to the rules 
for reallocation under section 106(c).’’. 
Æ 
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I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3269 
To address patent thickets. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 8, 2025 
Mr. ARRINGTON (for himself, Mr. DOGGETT, Mr. ISSA, Ms. JAYAPAL, and Mr. 
PFLUGER) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To address patent thickets. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Eliminating Thickets 
to Increase Competition Act’’ or the ‘‘ETHIC Act’’. 
SEC. 2. ADDRESSING PATENT THICKETS. 
(a) LIMIT ON NUMBER OF PATENTS PER PATENT 
GROUP THAT MAY BE ASSERTED IN ACTION FOR IN-
FRINGEMENT.—Section 271(e) of title 35, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(C) A person who brings an action described in sub-
paragraph (A) asserting a patent against a party may not 
bring any additional actions described in that subpara-
graph asserting a patent in the same Patent Group 
against that party. 
‘‘(D)(i) For purposes of this paragraph, the term 
‘Patent Group’ means 2 or more commonly owned patents 
or applications that— 
‘‘(I) are identified on 1 or more disclaimers 
under section 253 to another commonly owned pat-
ent; or 
‘‘(II) are subject to 1 or more disclaimers under 
section 253 to another commonly owned patent. 
‘‘(ii) For purposes of clause (i)(I)— 
‘‘(I) each patent or application that identifies 
the same patent or application on a disclaimer under 
section 253 is part of the same Patent Group; and 
‘‘(II) each patent or application that is identi-
fied on a disclaimer under section 253 is part of the 
same Patent Group as the patent or application sub-
ject to the disclaimer.’’. 
(b) APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made by sub-
section (a) shall apply with respect to an application sub-
mitted under subsection (b)(2) or (j) of section 505 of the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355) 
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or section 351(k) of the Public Health Service Act (42 
U.S.C. 262(k)) on or after the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
Æ 
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I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 326 
To require the GAO to conduct a study detailing the total cost of unused 
construction materials that were obtained for the construction of a border 
wall along the United States-Mexico border. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 9, 2025 
Ms. VAN DUYNE (for herself, Ms. TENNEY, Mr. BALDERSON, and Mr. HARRIS 
of Maryland) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Homeland Security 
A BILL 
To require the GAO to conduct a study detailing the total 
cost of unused construction materials that were obtained 
for the construction of a border wall along the United 
States-Mexico border. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Border Wall Waste 
Accountability Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. GAO STUDY ON COST OF UNUSED CONSTRUCTION 
MATERIALS FOR BORDER WALL. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this section, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to Congress a study detailing 
the total cost of unused construction materials that were 
obtained for the construction of a border wall along the 
United States-Mexico border from January 20, 2021, to 
January 20, 2025. 
Æ 
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SEC. 2. COMPOSTING AS CONSERVATION PRACTICE. 
(a) CONSERVATION
STANDARDS
AND
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Section 1241(j) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(j)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para-
graph (3); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(2) COMPOSTING AS CONSERVATION PRACTICE 
AND ACTIVITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall by 
regulation provide that composting is a con-
servation practice and a conservation activity 
for the purposes of this title. 
‘‘(B) COMPOSTING DEFINED.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—For the purposes 
of this paragraph, the term ‘composting’ 
means— 
‘‘(I) an activity (including an ac-
tivity that does not require the use of 
a composting facility) to produce com-
post from organic waste that is— 
‘‘(aa) generated on a farm; 
or 
‘‘(bb) brought to a farm 
from a nearby community and 
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119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 4285 
AN ACT 
To direct the Secretary of the Interior to designate 
an entrance-fee free date in 2026 at National 
Park Service sites in order to celebrate the 250th 
anniversary of the United States of America.
I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3272 
To require the designation of composting as a conservation practice and 
activity, and to provide grants and loan guarantees for composting facili-
ties and programs, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 8, 2025 
Ms. BROWNLEY (for herself and Ms. PINGREE) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture 
A BILL 
To require the designation of composting as a conservation 
practice and activity, and to provide grants and loan 
guarantees for composting facilities and programs, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cultivating Organic 
Matter through the Promotion Of Sustainable Techniques 
Act’’ or the ‘‘COMPOST Act’’. 
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HR 3633 RFS
(C) Section 6(g)(5)(B) of the Securities 
Exchange 
Act 
of 
1934 
(15 
U.S.C. 
78f(g)(5)(B)). 
(D) Section 15F(h)(5)(A)(i) of the Securi-
ties Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78o– 
10(h)(5)(A)(i)). 
(2) Section 752 of the Wall Street Trans-
parency and Accountability Act of 2010 (15 U.S.C. 
8325) is amended by striking ‘‘1a(39)’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘1a(40)’’. 
(3) Section 4s(f)(1)(D) of the Commodity Ex-
change Act (7 U.S.C. 6s(f)(1)(D)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘1a(47)(A)’’ and inserting ‘‘1a(48)(A)’’. 
(4) Each of the following provisions of the 
Commodity Exchange Act is amended by striking 
‘‘1a(47)(A)(v)’’ and inserting ‘‘1a(48)(A)(v)’’: 
(A) 
Section 
4t(b)(1)(C) 
(7 
U.S.C. 
6t(b)(1)(C)). 
(B) Section 5(d)(23) (7 U.S.C. 7(d)(23)). 
(C) Section 5b(k)(3) (7 U.S.C. 7a– 
1(k)(3)). 
(D) Section 5h(f)(10)(A)(iii) (7 U.S.C. 7b– 
3(f)(10)(A)(iii)). 
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used to produce compost on that 
farm; and 
‘‘(II) the use and active manage-
ment of compost on a farm, in accord-
ance with any applicable Federal, 
State, or local law, to improve water 
retention and soil health. 
‘‘(ii) DETERMINATION
OF
NEARBY 
COMMUNITIES.—The Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Administrator of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency, shall issue 
regulations for determining whether a com-
munity is nearby for purposes of clause 
(i)(I), which shall ensure that bringing or-
ganic waste from the community to the 
farm to produce compost results in a net 
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.’’. 
(b) CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 1240I(2)(B)(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3839aa–21(2)(B)(i)) is amended by inserting ‘‘and 
composting practices’’ after ‘‘agriculture drainage man-
agement systems’’. 
(c) ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PRO-
GRAM.—Section 1240A(6)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa–1(6)(A)(ii)) is amended by in-
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serting ‘‘, including composting practices’’ before the semi-
colon at the end. 
(d) DELIVERY OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 
1242(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3842(h)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSTING PRACTICE 
STANDARD.—In addition to conducting a review 
under this subsection of any composting facility 
practice standard established before the date of en-
actment of this paragraph, the Secretary shall estab-
lish a composting practice standard under the proc-
ess developed under paragraph (3).’’. 
Æ 
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loss taken into account in determining such net 
capital loss. 
‘‘(4) TERMS RELATING TO CAPITAL GAINS AND 
LOSSES.—For purposes of this section— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Net capital gain, long- 
term capital gain, and long-term capital loss, 
with respect to any investment services partner-
ship interest for any taxable year, shall be de-
termined under section 1222, except that such 
section shall be applied— 
‘‘(i) without regard to the recharacter-
ization of any item as ordinary income or 
ordinary loss under this section, 
‘‘(ii) by only taking into account items 
of gain and loss taken into account by the 
holder of such interest under section 702 
(other than subsection (a)(9) thereof) with 
respect to such interest for such taxable 
year, and 
‘‘(iii) by treating property which is 
taken into account in determining gains 
and losses to which section 1231 applies as 
capital assets held for more than 1 year. 
‘‘(B) NET CAPITAL LOSS.—The term ‘net 
capital loss’ means the excess of the losses from 
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‘‘(J) at least annually, meet with rep-
resentatives of State securities commissions to 
discuss opportunities for collaboration and co-
ordination with respect to efforts to assist small 
businesses and small business investors.’’. 
Passed the House of Representatives June 23, 2025. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
sales or exchanges of capital assets over the 
gains from such sales or exchanges. Rules simi-
lar to the rules of clauses (i) through (iii) of 
subparagraph (A) shall apply for purposes of 
the preceding sentence. 
‘‘(5) SPECIAL RULE FOR DIVIDENDS.—Any div-
idend allocated with respect to any investment serv-
ices partnership interest shall not be treated as 
qualified dividend income for purposes of section 
1(h). 
‘‘(6) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
QUALIFIED
SMALL 
BUSINESS STOCK.—Section 1202 shall not apply to 
any gain from the sale or exchange of qualified small 
business stock (as defined in section 1202(c)) allo-
cated with respect to any investment services part-
nership interest. 
‘‘(b) DISPOSITIONS OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS.— 
‘‘(1) GAIN.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any gain on the dis-
position of an investment services partnership 
interest shall be— 
‘‘(i) treated as ordinary income, and 
‘‘(ii) recognized notwithstanding any 
other provision of this subtitle. 
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of the amounts made available to carry out this sec-
tion may be used to carry out subsection (b). 
‘‘(f) DEFINITION OF STATE.—In this section, the 
term ‘State’ has the meaning provided in section 419, ex-
cept that it includes the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands and any Indian tribe.’’. 
(b) EXEMPTION OF TERRITORY GRANTS FROM LIMI-
TATION ON TOTAL PAYMENTS TO THE TERRITORIES.— 
Section 1108(a)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1308(a)(2)) 
is amended by inserting ‘‘418A(c),’’ after ‘‘413(f),’’. 
Æ 
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(B) a nongovernmental organization; 
(C) a community group; and 
(D) an academic institution. 
(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Di-
rector of the United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice. 
(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti-
ty’’ means— 
(A) a Tribal, State, or municipal agency; 
(B) a nongovernmental organization; 
(C) a community group; and 
(D) an academic institution. 
(4) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’ 
means the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation 
established by section 2(a) of the National Fish and 
Wildlife Foundation Establishment Act (16 U.S.C. 
3701(a)). 
(5) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the Urban Bird Treaty Program established under 
subsection (b)(1). 
(6) URBAN.—The term ‘‘urban’’ has the mean-
ing given the term ‘‘urban area’’ in section 101(a) 
of title 23, United States Code. 
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‘‘(d) Within any jurisdiction of the United States 
(whether or not in the special maritime and territorial ju-
risdiction of the United States), an alien who— 
‘‘(1) is— 
‘‘(A) inadmissible under paragraph (6)(A), 
(6)(C), or (7) of section 212(a) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)); or 
‘‘(B) deportable under subparagraph (B) 
or (C)(i) of section 237(a)(1) of such Act (8 
U.S.C. 1227(a)(1)); and 
‘‘(2) is guilty of— 
‘‘(A) murder in the first degree, shall be 
punished by death or by imprisonment for life; 
or 
‘‘(B) murder in the second degree, shall be 
imprisoned for any term of years or for life.’’. 
Æ 
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SEC. 6. INCREASED EXCISE TAX ON REPURCHASE OF COR-
PORATE STOCK. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4501(a) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘1 percent’’ 
and inserting ‘‘1.5 percent’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to repurchases of stock after De-
cember 31, 2024. 
Æ 
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(ii) detailed information that describes 
the bases and reasoning for the proposed 
limit (including any costs described under 
subsection (b)(1)(B)(ii)). 
(C) ADDITIONAL
MATTERS
RELATED
TO 
LIMIT.—The Director may require as part of a 
limit under subparagraph (A) that cumulative 
unfunded regulatory costs be reduced, including 
for the purpose of offsetting any additional un-
funded regulatory costs that may be imposed by 
the heads of agencies during the fiscal year for 
which the limit is established. 
(D) CONGRESSIONAL
APPROVAL; IMPLE-
MENTATION OF DEFAULT LIMIT PENDING RE-
QUIRED CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director may 
not implement a limit established under 
subparagraph (A) that allows the head of 
an agency to impose a net increase in addi-
tional unfunded regulatory costs during 
the fiscal year to which the limit applies 
unless and until Congress approves such 
limit by joint resolution. 
(ii) LIMIT TO BE IMPLEMENTED BE-
FORE
CONGRESSIONAL
APPROVAL.—Fol-
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‘‘(j) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) LIMITATIONS ON AUTHORIZATION OF AP-
PROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out this section not 
more than $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2026 through 2030, to remain available until ex-
pended. 
‘‘(2) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From amounts made 
available for each fiscal year under this sub-
section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a national reserve for 
loans and loan guarantees to eligible enti-
ties in States under this section; and 
‘‘(ii) allocate amounts in the reserve 
to each State for each fiscal year for loans 
and loan guarantees to eligible entities in 
the State. 
‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—The amount of an alloca-
tion made to a State for a fiscal year under 
subparagraph (A) shall bear the same ratio to 
the amount of allocations made for all States 
for the fiscal year as— 
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family relationship, regardless of biological or 
legal relationship. 
‘‘(ii) GRANDCHILD.—The term ‘grand-
child’, used with respect to a covered service-
member, means the son or daughter of the cov-
ered servicemember. 
‘‘(iii) GRANDPARENT.—The term ‘grand-
parent’, used with respect to a covered service-
member, means a parent of a parent of the cov-
ered servicemember. 
‘‘(iv) NEPHEW; NIECE.—The terms ‘neph-
ew’ and ‘niece’, used with respect to a covered 
servicemember, mean a son or daughter of the 
sibling of the covered servicemember. 
‘‘(v) PARENT-IN-LAW.— The term ‘parent- 
in-law’, used with respect to a covered service-
member, means a parent of the spouse or do-
mestic partner of the covered servicemember. 
‘‘(vi) SIBLING.—The term ‘sibling’, used 
with respect to a covered servicemember, means 
any person who is a son or daughter of parent 
of the covered servicemember (other than the 
covered servicemember). 
‘‘(vii) SON-IN-LAW; DAUGHTER-IN-LAW.— 
The terms ‘son-in-law’ and ‘daughter-in-law’, 
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‘‘(3) manifest as physical, sensory, or cognitive 
functional disabilities; 
‘‘(4) manifest as syndromes, diseases, or other 
health problems; and 
‘‘(5) manifest as singular anomalies or in com-
bination prenatally, at birth, or later in life.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for such subchapter is amended by adding at 
the end the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 9826. Coverage of congenital anomaly or birth defect.’’. 
(d) STUDY AND REPORT ON NETWORK ADEQUACY.— 
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall con-
duct a study, and not later than December 31, 2027, sub-
mit a report to Congress, on the matters relating to access 
of services for coverage of outpatient and inpatient items 
and services related to the diagnosis and treatment of a 
congenital anomaly or birth defect that primarily impacts 
the appearance or function of the eyes, ears, teeth, mouth, 
or jaw. Such study and report shall— 
(1) evaluate the sufficiency and accessibility of 
networks of providers that perform services related 
to the diagnosis and treatment of such congenital 
anomalies and birth defects under group health 
plans and group and individual health insurance cov-
erage (as such terms are defined in section 2791 of 
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the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300gg– 
91)); and 
(2) assess any change in out-of-pocket costs for 
patients, by procedure type, resulting from the cov-
erage requirements under sections 2799A–11 of the 
Public Health Service Act, 726 of the Employee Re-
tirement Income Security Act of 1974, and 9826 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this 
section, and any change in the overall procedure cost 
for such services. 
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall apply with respect to 
plan years beginning on or after January 1, 2026. 
Æ 
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