establish up to 4 bioenergy research centers to con-
duct basic and fundamental research in plant and 
microbial systems biology, bio imaging and analysis, 
and genomics to inform the production of fuels, 
chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and 
to facilitate the translation of basic research results 
to industry. 
(2) SELECTION.—The Director shall select cen-
ters under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. The Director shall consider applica-
tions from National Laboratories, multi-institutional 
collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 
(3) DURATION.—A center established under 
this subsection shall receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
(4) EXISTING CENTERS.—The Director may se-
lect a center for participation under this subsection 
that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, 
on the date of enactment of this Act. Such center 
shall be eligible to receive support for the duration 
the 5-year period beginning on the date of establish-
ment of such center. 
(5) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any pe-
riod of support of a center under this subsection, the 
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Director may renew support for the center, on a 
merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 
5 years. 
(6) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist-
ing authorities of the Department, the Director may 
terminate an underperforming center for cause dur-
ing the performance period. 
(d) LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle G of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 977 the 
following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 977A. LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
basic research program on low-dose radiation to— 
‘‘(1) enhance the scientific understanding of, 
and reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects 
of exposure to low-dose radiation; and 
‘‘(2) inform improved risk-assessment and risk- 
management methods with respect to such radiation. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 
program required under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(1) formulate scientific goals for low-dose radi-
ation basic research in the United States; 
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‘‘(2) identify ongoing scientific challenges for 
understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radi-
ation on biological systems; 
‘‘(3) develop a long-term strategic and priori-
tized basic research agenda to address such scientific 
challenges in coordination with other research ef-
forts; 
‘‘(4) leverage the collective body of knowledge 
from existing low-dose radiation research; and 
‘‘(5) engage with other Federal agencies, re-
search communities, and potential users of informa-
tion produced under this section, including institu-
tions concerning radiation research, medical physics, 
radiology, health physics, and emergency response. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program, 
the Secretary, in coordination with the Physical Science 
Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology 
Council, shall— 
‘‘(1) support the directives under section 106 of 
the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act 
(42 U.S.C. 6601 note); 
‘‘(2) ensure that the Office of Science of the 
Department of Energy consults with the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National 
Institutes of Health, the Environmental Protection 
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Agency, the Department of Defense, the Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission, and the Department of 
Homeland Security; 
‘‘(3) advise and assist the National Science and 
Technology Council on policies and initiatives in ra-
diation biology, including enhancing scientific knowl-
edge of the effects of low-dose radiation on biological 
systems to improve radiation risk-assessment and 
risk-management methods; and 
‘‘(4) identify opportunities to stimulate inter-
national cooperation relating to low-dose radiation 
and leverage research and knowledge from sources 
outside of the United States. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year 
research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research 
needs relating to low-dose radiation. In developing such 
plan, the Secretary shall incorporate the components de-
scribed in subsection (b). 
‘‘(e) DEFINITION
OF LOW-DOSE RADIATION.—In 
this section, the term ‘low-dose radiation’ means a radi-
ation dose of less than 100 millisieverts. 
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‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to subject any research carried out 
by the Secretary for the program under this section to 
any limitations described in 977(e) of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)). 
‘‘(g) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized to be 
appropriated under section 11 of the Department of En-
ergy Science and Innovation Act of 2018, for Biological 
and Environmental Research, the Secretary make avail-
able to carry out this section— 
‘‘(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
‘‘(2) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for subtitle G of title IX of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 977 the following: 
‘‘977A. Low-dose radiation research program.’’. 
(e) LIMITATION FOR RESEARCH FUNDS.—The Direc-
tor shall not approve new climate science-related initia-
tives without making a determination that such work is 
well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out by 
other Federal agencies. 
SEC. 8. FUSION ENERGY. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a fusion 
energy sciences research program to expand the under-
standing of plasmas and matter at very high temperatures 
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and densities and build the science and engineering foun-
dation needed to develop a fusion energy source. 
(b) INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program of research and technology development in iner-
tial fusion for energy applications, including ion beam, 
laser, and pulsed power fusion systems. 
(c) TOKAMAK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
research and development activities and facility oper-
ations to optimize the tokamak approach to fusion 
energy. 
(2) INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR EXPERI-
MENTAL REACTOR CONSTRUCTION.—Section 972 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) 
is amended by adding section the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(6) ITER CONSTRUCTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—There is authorized 
United States participation in the construction 
and operations of the ITER project, as agreed 
to under the April 25, 2007 ‘Agreement on the 
Establishment of the ITER International Fu-
sion Energy Organization for the Joint Imple-
mentation of the ITER Project.’. 
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‘‘(B) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure that the mission-oriented 
user facility will enable the study of a burning 
plasma, and shall be built to have the following 
characteristics in its full configuration: 
‘‘(i) A tokamak device with a plasma 
radius of 6.2 meters and a magnetic field 
of 5.3 T. 
‘‘(ii) Capable of creating and sus-
taining a 15-million-Ampere plasma cur-
rent for greater than 300 seconds. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From 
within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 
11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation 
Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is author-
ized for in-kind contributions under this section— 
‘‘(1) $122,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
‘‘(2) $163,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—From 
within funds authorized to be appropriated under section 
11 of the Department of Energy Science and Innovation 
Act of 2018, for Fusion Energy Sciences, there is author-
ized for cash contributions under this section— 
‘‘(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
‘‘(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.’’. 
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(d) INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT.—The Director shall support research and 
development activities for inertial fusion for energy appli-
cations. 
(e) ALTERNATIVE AND ENABLING CONCEPTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program de-
scribed in subsection (a), the Director shall support 
research and development activities and facility oper-
ations at United States universities, national labora-
tories, and private facilities for a portfolio of alter-
native and enabling fusion energy concepts that may 
provide solutions to significant challenges to the es-
tablishment of a commercial magnetic fusion power 
plant, prioritized based on the ability of the United 
States to play a leadership role in the international 
fusion research community. Fusion energy concepts 
and activities explored under this paragraph may in-
clude— 
(A) high magnetic field approaches facili-
tated by high temperature superconductors; 
(B) advanced stellarator concepts; 
(C) non-tokamak confinement configura-
tions operating at low magnetic fields; 
(D) magnetized target fusion energy con-
cepts; 
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(E) liquid metals to address issues associ-
ated with fusion plasma interactions with the 
inner wall of the encasing device; 
(F) immersion blankets for heat manage-
ment and fuel breeding; 
(G) advanced scientific computing activi-
ties; and 
(H) other promising fusion energy con-
cepts identified by the Director. 
(2) COORDINATION WITH ARPA–E.—The Under 
Secretary and the Director shall coordinate with the 
Director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency– 
Energy (in this paragraph referred to as ‘‘ARPA– 
E’’) to— 
(A) assess the potential for any fusion en-
ergy project supported by ARPA–E to rep-
resent a promising approach to a commercially 
viable fusion power plant; 
(B) determine whether the results of any 
fusion energy project supported by ARPA–E 
merit the support of follow-on research activi-
ties carried out by the Office of Science; and 
(C) avoid unintentional duplication of ac-
tivities. 
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(f) COORDINATION WITH ARPA–E.—The Director 
shall coordinate with the Director of the Advanced Re-
search Projects Agency–Energy (referred to in this sub-
section as ‘‘ARPA–E’’) to— 
(1) assess the potential for any fusion energy 
project supported by ARPA–E to represent a prom-
ising approach to a commercially viable fusion power 
plant; 
(2) determine whether the results of any fusion 
energy project supported by ARPA–E merit the sup-
port of follow-on research activities carried out by 
the Office of Science; and 
(3) avoid the unintentional duplication of activi-
ties. 
(g) FAIRNESS IN COMPETITION FOR SOLICITATIONS 
FOR INTERNATIONAL PROJECT ACTIVITIES.—Section 33 
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2053) is 
amended by inserting before the first sentence the fol-
lowing: ‘‘In this section, with respect to international re-
search projects, the term ‘private facilities or laboratories’ 
means facilities or laboratories located in the United 
States.’’. 
(h) IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITIES.— 
(1) REPORT.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
fusion energy research and development activi-
ties that the Department proposes to carry out 
over the 10-year period following the date of 
the report under not fewer than 3 realistic 
budget scenarios, including a scenario based on 
3-percent annual growth in the non-ITER por-
tion of the budget for fusion energy research 
and development activities. 
(B) INCLUSIONS.—The report required 
under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) identify specific areas of fusion en-
ergy research and enabling technology de-
velopment, including activities to advance 
inertial and alternative fusion energy con-
cepts, in which the United States can and 
should establish or solidify a lead in the 
global fusion energy development effort; 
(ii) identify priorities for initiation of 
facility construction and facility decommis-
sioning under each of the three budget sce-
narios described in subparagraph (A); and 
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(iii) assess the ability of the fusion 
workforce of the United States to carry out 
the activities identified under clauses (i) 
and (ii), including the adequacy of pro-
grams at institutions of higher education 
in the United States to train the leaders 
and workers of the next generation of fu-
sion energy researchers. 
(2) PROCESS.—In order to develop the report 
required under paragraph (1)(A), the Secretary shall 
leverage best practices and lessons learned from the 
process used to develop the most recent report of the 
Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the 
High Energy Physics Advisory Panel. 
(3) REQUIREMENT.—No member of the Fusion 
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee shall be ex-
cluded from participating in developing or voting on 
final approval of the report required under para-
graph (1)(A). 
SEC. 9. NUCLEAR PHYSICS. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro-
gram of experimental and theoretical research, and sup-
port associated facilities, to discover, explore, and under-
stand all forms of nuclear matter. 
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(b) ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR 
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS.—The Director— 
(1) may carry out a program for the production 
of isotopes, including the development of techniques 
to produce isotopes, that the Secretary determines 
are needed for research, medical, industrial, or re-
lated purposes; and 
(2) shall ensure that isotope production activi-
ties carried out under the program under this para-
graph do not compete with private industry unless 
the Director determines that critical national inter-
ests require the involvement of the Federal Govern-
ment. 
(c) RENAMING
OF
THE RARE ISOTOPE ACCEL-
ERATOR.—Section 981 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16321) is amended— 
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘RARE 
ISOTOPE ACCELERATOR’’ and inserting ‘‘FACIL-
ITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘Rare Isotope Accelerator’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘Facility for Rare Iso-
tope Beams’’. 
(d) FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for a Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to advance the 
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understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evo-
lution of the cosmos. 
(2) FACILITY
CAPABILITY.—In carrying out 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall provide for, at a 
minimum, a rare isotope beam facility capable of 
400 kW of beam power. 
(3) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the facility under 
this subsection occurs before June 30, 2022, with 
early operation in 2018. 
(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under section 11 for Nuclear Physics, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out activities, including construction of the fa-
cility, under this subsection— 
(A) $101,200,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
(B) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
SEC. 10. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a 
program to improve the safety, efficiency, and mission 
readiness of infrastructure at Office of Science labora-
tories. The program shall include projects to— 
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(1) renovate or replace space that does not 
meet research needs; 
(2) replace facilities that are no longer cost ef-
fective to renovate or operate; 
(3) modernize utility systems to prevent failures 
and ensure efficiency; 
(4) remove excess facilities to allow safe and ef-
ficient operations; and 
(5) construct modern facilities to conduct ad-
vanced research in controlled environmental condi-
tions. 
(b) APPROACH.—In carrying out this section, the Di-
rector shall utilize all available approaches and mecha-
nisms, including capital line items, minor construction 
projects, energy savings performance contracts, utility en-
ergy service contracts, alternative financing, and expense 
funding, as appropriate. 
SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) FISCAL YEAR 2018.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for 
fiscal year 2018 $6,259,903,000, of which— 
(1) $2,090,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy 
Science; 
(2) $908,000,000 shall be for High Energy 
Physics; 
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(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and 
Environmental Research; 
(4) $684,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 
(5) $810,000,000 shall be for Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research; 
(6) $532,111,000 shall be for Fusion Energy 
Sciences; 
(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Labora-
tories Infrastructure; 
(8) $183,000,000 shall be for Science Program 
Direction; 
(9) $103,000,000 shall be for Safeguards and 
Security; and 
(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Devel-
opment for Teachers and Scientists. 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2019.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Science for 
fiscal year 2019 $6,600,000,000, of which— 
(1) $2,129,233,000 shall be for Basic Energy 
Science; 
(2) $1,004,510,000 shall be for High Energy 
Physics; 
(3) $673,000,000 shall be for Biological and 
Environmental Research; 
(4) $690,000,000 shall be for Nuclear Physics; 
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(5) $899,010,000 shall be for Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research; 
(6) $640,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy 
Sciences; 
(7) $257,292,000 shall be for Science Labora-
tories Infrastructure; 
(8) $181,345,000 shall be for Science Program 
Direction; 
(9) $106,110,000 shall be for Safeguards and 
Security; and 
(10) $19,500,000 shall be for Workforce Devel-
opment for Teachers and Scientists. 
Æ 
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