SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Anti-Spoofing Act of 
2016’’. 
SEC. 2. SPOOFING PREVENTION. 
(a) EXPANDING AND CLARIFYING PROHIBITION ON 
MISLEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER IDENTIFICATION 
INFORMATION.— 
(1) COMMUNICATIONS
FROM
OUTSIDE
THE 
UNITED STATES.—Section 227(e)(1) of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(1)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘in connection with any tele-
communications service or IP-enabled voice service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘or any person outside the United 
States if the recipient is within the United States, 
in connection with any voice service or text mes-
saging service’’. 
(2) COVERAGE OF TEXT MESSAGES AND VOICE 
SERVICES.—Section 227(e)(8) of the Communica-
tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(e)(8)) is amend-
ed— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘tele-
communications service or IP-enabled voice 
service’’ and inserting ‘‘voice service or a text 
message sent using a text messaging service’’; 
(B) in the first sentence of subparagraph 
(B), by striking ‘‘telecommunications service or
IP-enabled voice service’’ and inserting ‘‘voice 
service or a text message sent using a text mes-
saging service’’; and 
(C) by striking subparagraph (C) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(C) TEXT
MESSAGE.—The term ‘text 
message’— 
‘‘(i) means a message consisting of 
text, images, sounds, or other information 
that is transmitted to or from a device that 
is identified as the receiving or transmit-
ting device by means of a 10-digit tele-
phone number or N11 service code; 
‘‘(ii) includes a short message service 
(commonly referred to as ‘SMS’) message 
and a multimedia message service (com-
monly referred to as ‘MMS’) message; and 
‘‘(iii) does not include— 
‘‘(I) a real-time, two-way voice or 
video communication; or 
‘‘(II) a message sent over an IP- 
enabled messaging service to another 
user of the same messaging service, 
except a message described in clause 
(ii).
‘‘(D) TEXT
MESSAGING
SERVICE.—The 
term ‘text messaging service’ means a service 
that enables the transmission or receipt of a 
text message, including a service provided as 
part of or in connection with a voice service. 
‘‘(E) VOICE
SERVICE.—The term ‘voice 
service’— 
‘‘(i) means any service that is inter-
connected with the public switched tele-
phone network and that furnishes voice 
communications to an end user using re-
sources from the North American Num-
bering Plan or any successor to the North 
American Numbering Plan adopted by the 
Commission under section 251(e)(1); and 
‘‘(ii) includes transmissions from a 
telephone facsimile machine, computer, or 
other device to a telephone facsimile ma-
chine.’’. 
(3) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 227(e) 
of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(e)) is amended in the heading by inserting 
‘‘MISLEADING OR’’ before ‘‘INACCURATE’’. 
(4) REGULATIONS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 227(e)(3)(A) of 
the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(e)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘Not 
later than 6 months after the date of enactment 
of the Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009, the 
Commission’’ and inserting ‘‘The Commission’’. 
(B) DEADLINE.—The Commission shall 
prescribe regulations to implement the amend-
ments made by this subsection not later than 
18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
(5) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect on the date that 
is 6 months after the date on which the Commission 
prescribes regulations under paragraph (4). 
(b) CONSUMER EDUCATION MATERIALS ON HOW TO 
AVOID SCAMS THAT RELY UPON MISLEADING OR INAC-
CURATE CALLER IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission, in coordination with the Federal 
Trade Commission, shall develop consumer edu-
cation materials that provide information about— 
(A) ways for consumers to identify scams 
and other fraudulent activity that rely upon the
use of misleading or inaccurate caller identifica-
tion information; and 
(B) existing technologies, if any, that a 
consumer can use to protect against such scams 
and other fraudulent activity. 
(2) CONTENTS.—In developing the consumer 
education materials under paragraph (1), the Com-
mission shall— 
(A) identify existing technologies, if any, 
that can help consumers guard themselves 
against scams and other fraudulent activity 
that rely upon the use of misleading or inac-
curate caller identification information, includ-
ing— 
(i) descriptions of how a consumer 
can use the technologies to protect against 
such scams and other fraudulent activity; 
and 
(ii) details on how consumers can ac-
cess and use the technologies; and 
(B) provide other information that may 
help consumers identify and avoid scams and 
other fraudulent activity that rely upon the use 
of misleading or inaccurate caller identification 
information.