•HCON 99 IH 
Whereas while the PRC has been opaque about the BRI, it 
has been very clear about its ambitions in the South 
China Sea in recent years; 
Whereas the PRC claims ‘‘indisputable sovereignty over the 
South China Sea islands and their adjacent waters’’; 
Whereas this assertion of sovereignty is not, in fact, ‘‘indis-
putable’’ to the other countries in the region; 
Whereas Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, and 
the Philippines, a United States treaty ally, all dispute 
the PRC’s expansive South China Sea claims; 
Whereas the PRC continues to construct militarized artificial 
islands in the South China Sea to bolster its position; 
Whereas trillions of dollars of ship-borne commerce pass 
through the South China Sea each year, including to 
United States markets; 
Whereas the PRC continues to aggressively claim sovereignty 
over Taiwan; 
Whereas, on September 30, 2020, the PRC’s Premier, Li 
Keqiang, proclaimed that ‘‘we will . . . resolutely oppose 
and curb any ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist behaviors 
and external interference, . . . and promote . . . the re-
unification of the motherland’’; 
Whereas Beijing’s claims of sovereignty over Taiwan are 
belied by the fact that the Taiwanese people have inde-
pendently governed their island for over 70 years; 
Whereas Taiwan is a vitally important friend and regional se-
curity partner of the United States; 
Whereas the Taiwan-United States bond has been solidified 
by the Taiwan Relations Act, the Taiwan Travel Act, and 
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•HCON 99 IH 
the ‘‘Six Assurances’’ first promulgated by the Reagan 
administration in 1982; 
Whereas the PRC continues to curtail the rights of the resi-
dents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; 
Whereas, on June 30, 2020, the PRC’s National People’s 
Congress passed an expansive national security law to 
broadly criminalize democratic participation and protest 
in Hong Kong; 
Whereas this law and other efforts to curtail democratic par-
ticipation in Hong Kong violates the PRC’s commitments 
in 1984 and 1997 to the United Kingdom to respect 
Hong Kong’s long tradition of economic and democratic 
freedoms for 50 years, beginning on July 1, 1997; 
Whereas the Beijing government’s increasingly hostile actions 
threaten the 85,000 American residents and 1,300 
United States firms operating in Hong Kong; 
Whereas, in addition to the above and other geostrategic 
threats, the PRC wields enormous influence over the 
United States economy; 
Whereas the PRC holds over $1,000,000,000,000 in United 
States Treasury bonds, more than any other foreign na-
tion except Japan; 
Whereas in recent years the PRC has maintained a massive 
trade surplus over the United States, valued at 
$345,600,000,000 in 2019, by manipulating its currency 
and maintaining unreasonably high tariffs, among other 
tactics; 
Whereas the PRC routinely pressures United States compa-
nies entering its market to cede their intellectual property 
and market licensing rights; 
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•HCON 99 IH 
Whereas the PRC frequently carries out cyberattacks on 
United States companies to steal trade secrets or other 
sensitive information it cannot obtain by other means; 
Whereas cyberattacks originating from the PRC target not 
only companies, but also United States Government and 
United States defense interests, academic institutions, 
nonprofit organizations, and average citizens; and 
Whereas it is likely that the PRC has access to the personal 
data of most citizens of the United States: Now, there-
fore, be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That Congress— 
(1) recognizes that the People’s Republic of 
China (PRC) currently poses the greatest foreign 
threat to United States peace, security, and stability; 
(2) recognizes that the PRC, regardless of fu-
ture leadership, will likely continue to be a major 
rival of the United States in the coming decades, 
due to the enormous cumulative size and scale of its 
population, economy, and military capabilities; and 
(3) supports a strategic approach to the PRC, 
grounded in principled realism and firm-but-meas-
ured competitive engagement whenever United 
States national interests are at stake, that has been 
outlined in sources including but not limited to— 
(A) the United States Strategic Approach 
to the People’s Republic of China (May 2020); 
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•HCON 99 IH 
(B) the National Defense Strategy of the 
United States of America (October 2018); 
(C) the National Cyber Strategy of the 
United States of America (September 2018); 
and 
(D) the National Security Strategy of the 
United States of America (December 2017). 
Æ 
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