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information, with the intent of providing competitive 
advantages to companies or commercial sectors’’. 
(6) At the Antalya Summit on November 15 
and 
16, 
2015, 
the 
Group 
of 
Leaders’ 
communique´— 
(A) affirmed the applicability of inter-
national law to state behavior in cyberspace; 
(B) called on states to refrain from cyber- 
enabled theft of intellectual property for com-
mercial gain; and 
(C) endorsed the view that all states 
should abide by norms of responsible behavior. 
(7) The March 2016 Department of State 
International Cyberspace Policy Strategy noted that 
‘‘the Department of State anticipates a continued in-
crease and expansion of our cyber-focused diplomatic 
efforts for the foreseeable future’’. 
(8) On December 1, 2016, the Commission on 
Enhancing National Cybersecurity, which was estab-
lished within the Department of Commerce by Exec-
utive Order No. 13718 (81 Fed. Reg. 7441), rec-
ommended that ‘‘the President should appoint an 
Ambassador for Cybersecurity to lead U.S. engage-
ment with the international community on cyberse-
curity strategies, standards, and practices’’. 
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(9) On April 11, 2017, the 2017 Group of 7 
Declaration on Responsible States Behavior in 
Cyberspace— 
(A) recognized ‘‘the urgent necessity of in-
creased international cooperation to promote se-
curity and stability in cyberspace’’; 
(B) expressed commitment to ‘‘promoting 
a strategic framework for conflict prevention, 
cooperation and stability in cyberspace, con-
sisting of the recognition of the applicability of 
existing international law to State behavior in 
cyberspace, the promotion of voluntary, non- 
binding norms of responsible State behavior 
during peacetime, and the development and the 
implementation of practical cyber confidence 
building measures (CBMs) between States’’; 
and 
(C) reaffirmed that ‘‘the same rights that 
people have offline must also be protected on-
line’’. 
(10) In testimony before the Select Committee 
on Intelligence of the Senate on May 11, 2017, Di-
rector of National Intelligence Daniel R. Coats iden-
tified six cyber threat actors, including— 
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(A) Russia, for ‘‘efforts to influence the 
2016 U.S. election’’; 
(B) China, for ‘‘actively targeting the U.S. 
Government, its allies, and U.S. companies for 
cyber espionage’’; 
(C) Iran, for ‘‘leverag[ing] cyber espionage, 
propaganda, and attacks to support its security 
priorities, influence events and foreign percep-
tions, and counter threats’’; 
(D) 
North 
Korea, 
for 
‘‘previously 
conduct[ing] cyber-attacks against U.S. com-
mercial entities—specifically, Sony Pictures En-
tertainment in 2014’’; 
(E) terrorists, who ‘‘use the Internet to or-
ganize, recruit, spread propaganda, raise funds, 
collect intelligence, inspire action by followers, 
and coordinate operations’’; and 
(F) criminals, who ‘‘are also developing 
and using sophisticated cyber tools for a variety 
of purposes including theft, extortion, and fa-
cilitation of other criminal activities’’. 
(11) On May 11, 2017, President Donald J. 
Trump issued Executive Order No. 13800 (82 Fed. 
Reg. 22391), entitled ‘‘Strengthening the Cybersecu-
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rity of Federal Networks and Infrastructure’’, 
which— 
(A) designates the Secretary of State to 
lead an interagency effort to develop an engage-
ment strategy for international cooperation in 
cybersecurity; and 
(B) notes that ‘‘the United States is espe-
cially dependent on a globally secure and resil-
ient internet and must work with allies and 
other partners toward maintaining * * * the 
policy of the executive branch to promote an 
open, interoperable, reliable, and secure internet 
that fosters efficiency, innovation, communica-
tion, and economic prosperity, while respecting 
privacy and guarding against disruption, fraud, 
and theft’’. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives. 
(2) 
INFORMATION
AND
COMMUNICATIONS 
TECHNOLOGY; ICT.—The terms ‘‘information and 
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communications technology’’ and ‘‘ICT’’ include 
hardware, software, and other products or services 
primarily intended to fulfill or enable the function of 
information processing and communication by elec-
tronic means, including transmission and display, in-
cluding via the Internet. 
(3) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Executive 
agency’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
105 of title 5, United States Code. 
SEC. 4. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL CYBERSPACE 
POLICY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—It is the policy of the United 
States to work internationally to promote an open, inter-
operable, reliable, unfettered, and secure Internet gov-
erned by the multi-stakeholder model, which— 
(1) promotes human rights, democracy, and 
rule of law, including freedom of expression, innova-
tion, communication, and economic prosperity; and 
(2) respects privacy and guards against decep-
tion, fraud, and theft. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—In implementing the policy 
described in subsection (a), the President, in consultation 
with outside actors, including private sector companies, 
nongovernmental organizations, security researchers, and 
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