A182 leads to an academic degree and desire to continue their formal education may do so on the following conditions: (a) The proper authority of the institu- tion where the student is enrolled shall cer- tify to Selective Service: (1) That the student has maintained an academic performunce satisfactory to the educational institution attended and that such performance if continued will give as- surance of graduation within two calendar ears, y (2) That the institution has established @ committee or committees whose duty is to counsel, guide and examine each student in this group with a view to determining the value of his continued education in terms of the national welfare and service. (3) That the student is continuing in at- tendance on a round-the-year college calendar. 8. Postponement of military service shall not be extended beyond the twenty-firet birthday except in cases approved by Seleo- tive Service. 4. If the needs of the Armed Forces be- come such that postponement of military service of all college students until gradua- tion 1s no longer possible, induction shall be made of the oldest students first; those who are 20 years old shall be inducted before those who are 19. 5. Year-round college attendance imposes & significant additional financial burden on the average American family. Every Amer- ican youth should be given the opportunity for the training to which his ability entities him irrespective of his financial status. Therefore it is recommended that the Eighty-second Congress pass enabling legis- Jation which will permit any qualified stu- dent who has reached the age of 19 to borrow from the Government up to $100 per month during the period he ts attending college. It is further recommended that tnterest on this loan shall be at a rate one-half of 1 percent greater than the going rate on long term Government bonds at the time the Joan is made and repayment of the loan shall be made on the basis of annual payments equal to 25 percent of the participant's Fed- eral income tax. STATEMENT OF MANPOWEE SITUATION (This statement is based upon the most recent manpower figures which have been verified with responsible Government su- thorities.) In his radio address Friday evening, De- cember 15, President Truman stated that the Armed Forces of the United States will be increased to 3,000,000 or 8,500,000. To maintain a military organization of any such proportion will require that every young man who can meet the physical standards will be required to do a tour of duty in uni- form. Whether or not a plan of flexible induc- tion can be worked out that will allow a young man in college to postpone his mili~ tary service until he has completed his co)l- lege education will depend upon the size of the military unit and the length of time served by each inductee. The following analysis is made on the as- sumption that the term of service will be 2 years and that the numerical size of the Armed Forces will be either 8,000,000 or 3,600,000. It is estimated that in all branches of the service there are at present approximately 1,200,000 career men. If total personnel is increased to 8,000,000 this means that ap- proximately 1,800,000 will be noncareer men. If the average service of a noncareer man is 2 years, 900,000 new personne! will need to be inducted annually, Unless men of pre- vious military service are to be called, these inductees will be taken from among those who are 23 years old and younger. Approximately 1,050,000 men reach a given age annually. Of these about 750,000 quality under present military standards for the Armed Forces. On this basis there are 9,750,000 qualified men between the ages of 19 and 23 who have not seen military serve ice. By the time the Armed Forces have reached 3,000,000 about 1,800,000 of these will have been inducted. This will leave & surplus of approximately 2,000,000 men in the United States between the ages of 19 and 28 physically acceptable to the military who have not seen service. Approximately 875,000 young men enter college as freshmen each year. Of these about 250,000 continue aa sophomores, 200,000 as juniors, anc 175,000 as seniors, This makes a total of 1,000,000 undergrad- uate men in college at any one time. Assum- ing these men attend an accelerated all-year~ round college program 500,000 will not have reached their nineteenth birthday, 325,000 will be between their nineteenth and twen- tieth birthdays, and 200,000 will be over 20 and under 21 years of age. This will subtract 600,000 from the pool of 2,000,000 eligible inductees leaving a surplus of 1,500,000. If 900,000 men are withdrawn from this pool annually and 750,000 are added to it through age increase the poo] will be re- duced by 150,000 per year. On this basis it will take 10 years to absorb the surplus in manpower currently existing before bringing the demand for inductees to the poigt where young men will be unable to finish college prior to entering the service. If the military force ts built up to and maintained at 3,500,000 the numerical size of the pool after subtracting the men eli- gible for military service who are in college will be reduced to 1,000,000. The induction rate on the same formula will be 1,150,000 annually and the inroads on the surplus will be at the rate of 400,000 men annually. ‘This will absorb the cushion of manpower re- serve down to the 600,000 college students in about 214 years. It is clear, therefore, that sufficient man- power is available to sustain an armed force of 3,000,000 almost indefinitely and still al- low all young men who desire and are Cae pable to do so to complete their college training on an accelerated college calendar before reporting for military duty. Even a military force of 3,800,000 men can be recruited and maintained for a period of a few years before encroaching upon those young men desiring to complete their edu- cation before going into uniform. Tabulation of manpower resources Total men required for Armed Forces...-.... 8, 000, 000-8, 500, 000 Career men now Armed Forces..-_... 1, 200, 000 Total men to be sup- plied by induction... 1, 800, 000-2, 300, 000 Total men 19-23 qual- ifled for induction... 8, 750, 000 Surplus of qualified men 19~2@_.__-._.- 1, 950, 000-1, 450, 000 Total men 19 and 20 normally in college.. 500, 000 Burplus men 10-23 if service postponement for college is granted Annual inductions re- quired to maintain 1, 450, 000-950, 000 Armed Forces........ 900, 000-1, 150, 000 Qualified mén annually . reaching age 19._-_ 750, 000 Annual reduction of ~ surplus pool._._.... “ 150, 000-400, 000 Years until surplus is depleted. ...._.--..-. 10-24% Members of Indiana Conference on Higher Education: Anderson College, Ball State Teachers College, Butler University, Can- terbury College, DePauw University, Earl- ham College, Evansville College, Franklin College, Goshen College, Hanover College, Huntington College, Indiana Central Col- lege, Indiana State Teachers College, Indi- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ana Technical College, Indiana University, Manchester College, Marian College, Marion College, Oakland City College, Purdue Uni- versity, Rose Polytechnic Institute, St. Joseph College, St. Mary's College, 8t. Mary- of-the-Woods College, Taylor University, Tri- State College, University of Notre Dame, Valparaiso University, Vincennes University, Wabash College. War Jitters Grow on Campuses as Morale Drops and Many Quit EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. GORDON CANFIELD OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. CANFIELD, Mr. Speaker, under leave granted to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following arti- cle from the New York Times of January 15, 1951: Wan Jirrens Grow on Campuses As MORALE Drors AND MANY QUIT Curcaco, January 14.—War jitters have hit college campuses across the Nation and many students are adopting a what's-the-use at- titude, because of the uncertainty of world conditions and thelr own futures, a survey showed today. Morale has grown worse since the Christ- mas holidays, schools reported, because of United States losses in Korea and the con- sultations students have had with their draft boards at Christmas. The typical bitter attitude of soon-to-be- drafted students was summed up this way by Larry Kaufmann, a nonveteran senior at the University of Oklahoma: “Why study to be 8 soldier?” Officials at many schools said they had Made direct appeals to students to live as usual from day to day and try not to worry. But some admitted privately that they don’t blame students for being jittery, when their draft statuses were so hazy. The survey of more than 55 colleges and universities showed that many students had been called into Reserve units and that large numbers of students planned to enlist their mid-term examinations rather than wait to be drafted in June so that they might have their pick of the services. Some students just did not show up after Christmas. SCHOOLS URGE ACCELERATION A number of schools were urging students to double up on work so as to complete their education before entering service. Many men were reported to be heeding this advice and working harder to finish school or to keep their grades high in an effort to avoid the draft, at least for a while, Many school authorities called for a clear- cut directive from Washington to take the burden of doubt off students’ shoulders and allow them to study in some peace until they must enter the Armed Forces. “We need a clearer outlook for students,” said Willis Tate, vice president of the South- ern Methodist University. “Many of the weaker students—those in the lower half of their class—definitely are studying less. After all, they've lost their incentive because of the present draft laws.” He said there was “much hysteria and mis- information” on the campus and tndecision on the part of men faced by the threat of changes in the draft laws. Dr. Guy Stevenson, dean of the Arts Col- lege of the University of Loulsville, said about 100 men had left the college in the last month and this trend was causing other stu- dents to wonder if they should go too.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD George Gibson, dean of men at the Georgia Institute of Technology, said the scholastic average had dropped slightly, partially be- cause of the terrible turmoil at present. “There's a bitterness among students I wish we could overcome,” said William Powell Jones, dean of Adlebert College at Western Reserve University. George Wadsack, assistant dean of admis- sion at the University of Oklahoma, reported that 60 percent of the university's students had unsatisfactory grades at the end of the fall semester. Deane W. Malott, chancellor of the Uni- versity of Kansas, said a large bulletin board had been set up in the administration build- ing to carry all the latest draft information. Dr. L. L. Click, associate dean of the Col- lege of Arts and Sciences of the University of Texas, said about 400 students had dropped out of school to enlist but “in general all students who are staying seem determined to make their grades.” Charles McGurk, director of Ithaca Col- lege’s Schoo! of Business, said: “The atti- tude of some students is, ‘what's the use of studying if we've got to go into military service at any time.’ Some feel that in enlisting they are getting something over with.” The dean of Duquesne University sald a check had showed that 5 percent of the stu- dents had adopted a ‘“‘don't-give-a-darn at- titude” and were cutting classes and ignor- ing their studies. He said another 20 percent were the victims of worry and general ten- sion, but were more confused than disinter- ested in their work. J. D. Williams, chancelor of the Univer-~ sity of Mississippi, said: “The uncertainty of the mobilization program has contributed to restlessness, impatience, confusion, frustra- tion, and in some instances despair on the part of many students. Some seemed re- lieved when they actually were called to ac- tive duty.” JUNE ENTRY FOR FRESHMEN Authorities at the Untversity of North Carolina and Duke University suggested that students go to school around the calendar to finish their educations in 3 years rather than 4. Duke announced this week it would admit freshmen in June. At Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Brown, and Princeton, a general unrest was reported. A Dartmouth spokesman said the school already had lost a sizable percentage of students through enlistments, Students at Princeton said dormitory jan- itors had been asked to make a check to see just who had come back from the Christ- mas holidays. University officials there pro- dicted their enrollment would drop to 2,000 next fall, a decline of one-third. At the University of Florida, J. Hillis Miller, the president, scheduled a mecting of all 8,000 male students next month in an effort to combat the despondent at- titude caused by the war threat and draft. Professors said grades in all except Reserve officer training courses had plummeted and the student newspaper estimated about 50 men a week were quitting school to enlist. Senepeneenenenseen onnseeneemeneemnaal Isolation Is Americanism EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL W. SHAFER OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, under permission to extend my remarks, I in- clude an editorial from the Coldwater Reporter, a daily newspaper published in the congressional district which I have the honor to represent. This editorial written by Earle Davidson, publisher, well expresses the thinking of most of the people in southern Michigan regard- ing the situation in which we find our- selves today. The editorial, which fol- lows, well points out that isolationism, used as a word to smear opponents of the Truman foreign policy is actually Americanism. Here it is: Goop EvenriNc—THE Eprror’s CoRNER (By Earle Davidson) The Korean debacle, in which the forces of the United States have received only token support from other members of the United Nations, has resulted in some mighty seri- ous thinking on the part of Americans every= where, When President Truman ordered Ameri- can boys to take up the fight in Korea, he embarked upon a mission which threw this country in a state of confusjon from which it has not yet fully recovered. Nine out of ten Americans still think the President is constitutionally required to secure the con- sent of Congress before taking such a step. With every announcement of mounting casualties in the Korean “police action,” the people are now wondering just how far the Congress will permit the President to go in sending American youth to bleed and die in other parts of the world. Not only has the President lost much of his popularity among the rank and file of our people, but at the same time the prestige of the United Nations has sunk to a new low because of its failure to share the load in sending fighting men to back up its vote in favor of the Korean “police action.” Americans are fast awakening to the fact that their country is the sucker nation of the world organization. By the same token, they are also awakening to the realization that the Truman administration, having been outsmarted in its diplomatic relations not only with Russia, but also with the enemies of Russia, is now attempting to raise a large force of American foot soldiers for another possible “police actton” in Europe, It is indeed regrettable that in this hour of trial we have such small minds at the top level of our Government. We have only ourselves to blame for that. Perhaps those thousands of Americans who stayed home on election day in November of 1948 will at long last see the folly of their neglect of duty. With no firm basis upon which to argue their position, those in high places who are responsible for leading this country to the very brink of disaster now shout “isolation~ ist” at anyone and everyone who dares to challenge them. I suppose that, after this editorial sees the light of print, your editor, too, will be branded an isolationist. Well, if failure to see either merit or justice in the sacrifice of thousands of American lives in far-off Korea while our so-called allies send only token forces to the battle is isolationism, if failure to see the reason- ing behind the declaration of a national emergency in America when no other coun- try in the world sees the necessity of doing likewise is isolationism; if a sincere desire to see this country become militarily and economically strong for the purpose of pro- tecting our own people is isolationism; if opposition to a foreign policy which would break America’s economic back and spill the life-blood of precious American youth over a@ confused world 1s isolationism; if seeking a respite from war for the mothers of Amer- ica’s young men and women, in whose eyes the suffering of World War II is still re- corded, is isolationism; if all these beliefs A183 may be properly added up to define an iso- lationist, then I pray to God, make me an isolationist. But you and I know that to believe these truths is not isolationism. You and I know that in the absence of complete abdication of its duties by the Congress, the admin- istration in Washington is limited in ita powers over the lives—and deaths—of the American people. It seems to us that the time has come for the Congress to renssert its prerogatives and reassume its rightful place in the determi- nation of the steps necessary to insure peace, President Truman and his government by crony should be forcibly reminded by the new Congress of its intention to represent the people in examining the administration's policy with regard to committing American forces in the defense of foreign nations not yet committed to defending themselves. The new Eighty-second Congress could render no greater service to the American people at this time than to forestall the Ad- ministration’s plan of garrisoning millions of American troops abroad—a course which can only lead to eventual war with Russia, No, this is not isolationism. It is Ameri- canism. Nothing is more sorely needed in this country today than a serious rebirth of good, old-fashioned red, white, and blue Americanism. This is not to say that we should desert the United Nations. Some-~ day that organization may become more than @ hope as 4 deterrent to war. But until the time comes when the United Nations is an effective guarantor of world peace, we should keep our own stars and stripes flying in the top spot. Our Korean experience has shown ‘us—and it should have shown Mr. Truman— that the United Nations banner is meaning- less. After all, what’s wrong with the American flag anyway? Doesn't it today represent man’s greatest bulwark for liberty and free~ dom? Haven't we had just about enough of global dogooding? Isn’t it about time to get back home and look to our own de- fenses? Americans generally are in favor of 8 heavy defense program. We want to make—and keep—our country the strongest nation, both militarily and economically, on the face of the earth. The Russian problem can be solved in 10 minutes, merely by serving notice on the Kremlin that if its armtes set foot on free soil in Europe they will have to fight Amer- ica to win. Then, if Moscow ever gets foolish enough to disregard that notice, will be the time for us to go overseas—and lick hell out of Russia once and for all. On the other hand, if we put a huge land army overseas merely as a show of strength such a step could only lead to disaster in one of two ways. Either we would break Amer- ica’s economic back in attempting to finance such an overseas force over a long period of years while Russia calmly watches us tax ourselves to death, or the very presence of such a force would touch off.the war all of us are seeking to avoid. It is to be hoped that the Congress will heed the will of the people in this instance and close ranks, Not one more American soldier should be made available for the de- fense of Europe than the nations of Europe ere wiling to put up themselves. And these American forces should be kept at home until a clear need arises for their presence overseas, That's the kind of mill- tary strength America needs— a huge poten- tial that can be called up quickly In an emer- gency. Any other kind of strength will only weaken our economic system to the point where Russia will not need a war to win,
A184 A Prayer—Capitol Hill Day, Calvary Baptist Church enema EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CHARLES B. DEANE OF NOBTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. DEANE. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, January 7, 1951, Calvary Baptist Church, of Washington, with Dr. Clarence W. Cranford, minister, leading, devoted the morning service to Capitol Hill. Sev- eral Members took part in this service. They were Representative Lawrence H. Smits, of Wisconsin; Representative Brooks Hays, of Arkansas; and myself. The theme for the morning sermon brought by Dr. Cranford, The Dream That Made America Great, was sug- gested by Representative Noan 4H. Mason, of Tilinois. During these crucial days it is so im- portant, Mr. Speaker, that we seek divine guidance as we attempt to re- solve the tremendous and serious prob- lems that face our Nation and the world. It is, I think, most significant that this great church in the Nation’s Capital should devote this particular service, as the Highty-second Congress began to convene, in the interest of the National Congress. With the belief that my col- leagues share that view, under unani- mous consent, Mr. Speaker, I extend my remarks and include the prayer that was offered at this service by my colleague, Hon. Brooxs Hays, of Arkansas: PRAYER BY CONGRESSMAN Brooks HAXs AT THE Service yor MemMpers oy CONGRESS, CALVARY Barrist Crunch, WAsHINGTON, D. C., JANU- ary 7, 1951 Our Father, there are many things we ‘would pray for this morning. Our deepest aspirations we cannot phrase, yet we know that Thou wilt hear even the petitions that struggie vainly in our hearts for expression. Our thoughts are upon our Nation, its eafety in an hour of great peril and its fu- ture, that its institutions might continue to be dedicated to the noblest ends, We who are a part of its official family are grate- ful for the friendiiness which is so often evidenced by Calvary Church. May it be typical of the Nation; may the ties between the representative and the people be strengthened. We thank Thee for the American heritage, for the system of government which we be- lieve represents the best hope of conformity to the principles of Christian faith, We do not defend it as a perfect expression of Thy will, but we believe that precious spiritual values are inherent in it, and these we would preserve. Our Father, we ask, too, that as ‘we contemplate the grandeur of America we may think of our country in relation to the world and measure its greatness in terms of idest service. May we never feed our sense superiority nor glory in achievements of the past, as long as there are unfinished tasks to challenge us. For the meeting of dangers help us to achieve unity, not from diluting conviction nor in the tolerance and perpetuation of error, but rather in the harmony of Christian brotherhood which keeps our hearts and minds upon the highest goals. We pray for the world’s peace, that peace with Justice may be the good fortune of our generation. Save us from # sense of futility; may the temporary conquests of evil not aise turb us and may we continue to put our chief reliance in Thy leadership. In the laws that are to be made by the new Congress and the policies to be devised, may there be moral content and moral power. May we see in our failures the inexactness of human effort and help us to understand that we have failed only to the extent that we have not fol- lowed Thy plan for human life and destiny. We thank Thee for the resources of good will that surround us. We have drawn 80 much from them, may we determine to con- tribute to them, And may such suffering as comes upon us as an inevitable experience never create bitterness. Our Father, spare us from lttle-mindedness and from the sins of cynicism and self-centeredness. May we live worthily before the world, though new fears and dangers press upon us. If we can~- not have peace for our world may we have peace within. Give us tranquility for the decisions that are vital for our times. We thank Thee that in this service the anxieties of the world may yield to the strength and power of Thy presence, and as the busy world beckons us to perplexing new duties may we go with the assurance that Thou art our refuge, that underneath us are the everlasting arms. We pray, our Father, not only for Thy favors but for Thy- self. Finally, our Father, we pray for our fight- ing men abroad. Comfort and heal them, and may there be nothing in our actions to create doubt as to our appreciation for their sacrifice. Forgive any lightheartedness or gayety that is based upon indifference to their plight or the needs of stricken people anywhere. We do not hesitate to ask that our men be restored to loved ones, unim- paired and buoyed by the consciousness of Thy care. Help us to preserve in the world today those elements of love and compassion which made sublime the mission of Jesus. In His spirit we would pray even for our enemies; may reconciliation come with peace. “In every change of fortune and down to the gates of death may we be loyal and lov- ing to one another.” In the name of Jesus. Amen. How Much Authority Does President Tru- man Want ?—The United States Is Still Governed “by the Consent of the Gov- erned”—Congress Should Be Consulted EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. GORDON L. McDONOUGH OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Speaker, whether the President has the right to send American troops abroad is a ques~ tion of legal right, and conflicting prec- edents confuse the issue. But while the debate goes on, the world burns. President Truman has stated to the press in effect that he will do as he pleases about sending American troops abroad. This certainly is not a step in the right direction toward the unity above partisanship that President Tru- man has stated he desires. If President Truman were sincere in his request for unity, he would not refuse APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to consult with Congress on the issue of sending troops abroad. He. would ask the Congress to legislation approv- ing such use American troops and thereby give to the people's represent- atives a full partnership in the formulat- ing of vital policies which may mean war or peace for the world. In his State of the Union message he said, “There shall never be a dictator in this country.” The following editorial by David Law- rence on this subject which appeared in a recent issue of United States News and World Report is appropriately titled “Quibbling While World Burns.” Quipsuind Wes Wort> Burns (By David Lawrence) President Truman made an unfortunate mistake last week when he told the press, in effect, that, while he would consult Con- gress, he would do as he pleased about eend- ing American troops abroad. The question of legal right is at best a technical one. Strictly speaking, under the Constitution, Congress alone has the explicit power to declare war, while the President has the implicit right to use our Armed Forces to repel invasion as well as to protect American lives and property outside this ccuntry. The exact point at which the au- thority of each branch of our Government begins and ends has never been clear, and there are many conflicting precedents. Mr. Truman is confronted with a resolution introduced by Representative Coupert, of New York, who would have Congress forbid the appropriation of any money for troops to go abroad without the prior approval of both Houses. This is a congressional pre- rogative known historically as the power of the purse. Should this resolution be pressed, the Pres- ident says he will go to the people. Pre- sumably this means that he will attempt by speeches to influence public opinion against the passage of such a proposal. This, too, is the President’s right. Most Americans, however, will be saddened by this exhibition of quibbling while the world burns. In countries with the parliamentary sys- tem of government such a dispute could not happen. The national legislature is a part of the executive and the executive is a part of the national legislature. The majority party has the responsibility for a leadership exercised jointly by both the executive and the legislative branches acting together. This ts because together they stand and to- gether they fall. It is impossible for the executive and the legislative to differ with- out carrying the dispute immediately to the people, Then, as a result, the country gets either a new legislature through an election held for that purpose or else it gets a new executive, as the case may be. This is responsible democracy. It is work- ing effectively in Canada, Australis, and other English-speaking commonwealths. When Mr. Truman speaks of going to the people to resolve an issue, he knows, of course, that the next presidential election is 2 years off. Such an issue as has arisen over sending troops abroad cannot wait that long to be resolved. A fundamental issue of constitutionalism has cropped out. It goes to the worth of our own system in a crisis as compared with parliamentary systems where the people have @ continuing voice in telling their represent- atives what they shall do. What we need, of course, is a streamlining of the American constitutional system. It seems curious that with so many vital issues confronting us nobody in Congress has arisen to press for the passage of a constitutional
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD amendment which will enable the American people to rule themelves. Such an amend- ment would provide for the President to resign if he cannot get a two-thirds vote of both Houses or else for Congress to resign and submit to a new election at once if the President and Congress cannot agree. There are many variations of this system, but the principle of responsibility runs through all of them. In the absence of such a needed reform, it would be wiser if President Truman accepted the spirit of the parliamentary system which requires that the executive and legislative branches of the Government work together and act together. If Mr. Truman were to ask for specific approval of a broad program to send troops abroad to implerent the North Atlantic Pact, it seems certain he would get such power. If the people, however, don't want to approve that step, the sooner the world knows it the better. To meet the issue squarely is to take advantage of an unex- ampled opportunity by the United States to show the world that both branches of our Government are united in support of the treaty obligations we have undertaken. It is idle to argue that ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty didn’t mean we were committing ourselves to send troops in ad- vance of a war. The practical situation is that by sending troops abroad we help to prevent a war. To contend that the United States is not committed to send troops now is technically correct, but this is largely a quibble on the part of Congress. Let's be done with all quibbling. The President should recognize that Congress is a part of the United States Government and 4s entitled to something more than polite or perfunctory consultation. Congress, as a coordinate branch of the Government elected by the people, is entitled to a full partnership in the formulation of policies that could mean war. There is no lack of machinery, It's the will to cooperate that seems lack- ing despite exhortations about unity. Let us go forward together. It can be done—if grown men will cease to act as legalists and prima donnas at a critical moment in our history when we must take bold steps to avold large-scale war. God Saved My Life in Korea EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLARE E. HOFFMAN OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. HOFPMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my re- marks in the Recorp, I include the fol- lowing article from the Saturday Eve- ning Post of January 13, 1951: Gop Savep My Lire In Korea (By Pvt. Robert L. Sharpe, as told to Bill Currie) THIS IS THE FULLY DOCUMENTED FIRST-PERSON STORY OF WHAT HAPPENED TO A BOY FROM NORTH CAROLINA WHO WAS TAKEN PRISONER BY THE REDS—A RECORD OF SAVAGERY ALMOST WITHOUT PARALLEL IN OUR TIMES (About the author: Pvt. Robert L. Sharpe, who has done so very much living in his 18 years, gave up a promising baseball career when he enlisted in the United States Army. Ho was best known in his home town, High Point, N. C., for having pitched a no-hit, no- run game in the Red Shield League, spon- sored by the Salvation Army and civic clubs of High Point. He also pitched for his high- school team and played basketball. Private Sharpe enlisted on July 27, 1949, after his sophomore year itn high school, and he was sent to Japan in February 1960. His father, mother, and three younger brothers—one only 18 months old—live in High Foint. Robert aspires to be a professional soldier. Despite his experiences, he says he does not think the atom bomb should be used on the North Koreans.) What happened to me while I was a pris- oner of the North Koreans ts no different from what happened to hundreds of others. Only I was spared to come back and tell about it. There has been a lot written about massacres and atrocities committed by the North Koreans. But I doubt that the whole horror of what it was really like has ever been recounted, or ever will be, As a matter of fact, in the time that I was a prisoner we experienced things for which there are no adequate words. ‘We landed in Korea on last Fourth of July for what we were told was to be a “police action” As we understood it at first, the South Korean Army was to do the fighting and we were to do the mopping up behind, But the “police action” business got to be a bum joke to us. In 2 weeks our whole bat- talion was torn apart, most of our men killed or wounded, and I was a prisoner in the hands of the Communists. As a medical corpsman, I arrived in Korea with little equipment and, of course, I was unarmed. But we heard of the massacre of the medics in the first battalion of the Twenty-fourth Regi- ment of the Twenty-fourth Division, so be- fore we went into action we were issued an M-1 rifle and plenty of medical supplies. Men were so scarce that we medics threw away our arm bands, painted over the crosses on our helmets, and helped fight—carrying ammunition, moving equipment, and doing everything else that had to be done. I was in G Company, Second Battalion, Nineteenth Regiment, Twenty-fourth Divi- sion. We had lost about a third of our men when we went on a volunteer mission to draw fire away from the surrounded first battalion. Our action enabled the first to fight back and rejoin the regiment. The rest of our battalion was in reserve and moved up to the line on the same day that we were coming back with the rescued first battalion, But because things were getting so hot, we were put off the trucks for the rear, and sent back into the line. At that time we were sent along the bank of the Kum River. We didn’t have an auto. matic weapon on our flanks, and we would have been wiped out if the North Koreans had tried to cross. But they didn’t and after 1 day they pulled us out and we start- ed moving back. Our combat action had been sudden and tragic. The shock of vio- lent death and suffering was too much, even in those early days, for some of us. Some of our men cracked up and were just crying shells of themselves before we reached our rest arca 5 miles south of Taejon. We were scheduled for a 4-day rest. But the North Koreans smashed across the Kum and after only 2 days we were sent back to the front to try to stop them. Morale was low and some of the men were drinking tank fiuud, Others stole morphine from medical kits to bolater their nerves. Captain Bartz, our company commander, told us before we went in that the folks back home were counting on us and that we couldn't fail, When he got through, we were ready to fight to the last man. That’s just about what happened. Captain Bartz and my platoon leader, Lt. Charles M. Matlock, of the Bronx, New York City, were the bravest men I ever saw. They had iron guts and Knew how to make a man fight. That we were fighting for the folks back home weighed heavily on our minds. The battle was fierce and bloody. In the confu- A185 sion of fighting against heavy odds, our come munications fell apart—even between the platoons of our company. Communists were swarming all over the place and Captain Bartz ordered the company to fall back, But the runner didn't get to our platoon, so the rest of the company withdrew and left us surrounded—no way to get out. We finally got a message to aban- don our position and it was every man for himself. We had to leave many of the wounded behind. I can still hear them screaming. I attended to alll could. But it wasn't much use, because the North Koreans came right along and bayoneted the wounded as they lay on the ground. I found out the first day in battle that they had no mercy for the wounded. We had lots of casualties then, and when we were ordered back, one of our medics stayed with the wounded. Since he wouldn't leave, our chaplain wouldn’t leave either. The medic got his—a bayonet through the neck— as he was trying to help a wounded man. The chaplain was bayoneted while he was on his knees praying beside a dying man. Lieutenant Matlock led what was left of us into the hills. We thought we might circle back south and rejoin the American lines. It was a good 25 miles back to the American lines, and rough going because we were walking through rice paddies where the mud was sometimes knee-deep. I think probably there were 15 of us left. We kept going until we came to a ravine, where the Communists in the rocks above us opened fire. It was murder. The fire came from all directions. Men fell and their shrieks could be heard even above the gun~ fire. I went face down in the mud and lay still, pretending that I was dead. The shoot- ing finally stopped, and the Koreans came down to see if any of us were left. To make sure, they ran their bayonets through some, they kicked others, and they bashed others with the butts of their rifles. But they didn’t do anything to me. I was covered with blood anyhow, because I had been working on the wounded. My arms were soaked to the elbows. I had bent my head to listen for heartbeats in wounded men until my hair was matted with blood and it was dried on my face. They figured I was dead, I guess, because they sat me up and pulled my belt off. Then another Korean unlaced my boots and left me barefooted. I never had another pair of shoes—except some grass slippers which I stole—until I was Mberated. I walked nearly 400 miles without my boots. The M-1 rifle which I had taken into battle was too clumsy with all my medical equip- ment, so I had swapped It fora carbine. But that was too much, too, 80 just the day before I had traded off the carbine for a .45 pistol. When the shooting started in the ravine I junked the pistol and the aid kit. Luckily the North Koreans didn't find either. It was horrible lying there in the mud with all my buddies dead or dying around me. So I buried my face in the mud and lay there a couple of hours until the sun went down. I kept quiet until just before day, but then I crawled over to where I could get the pistol and the aid kit. I checked around to see if anybody else was alive. I found only three others, We drank some of the scummy rice- paddy water and got farther back into the hills to hide. We didn't have anything to eat, so we tried grass, but that made us sick. We had to have food, and we decided to move at night, hop- ing to get back to the American lines. But I never could get the others to lenve. During the 4 days we hid out we read the Bible a lot and prayed much of the time. I always believed in God, and I believed that He could do anything. I believed that He could and would save us. We prayed hard and felt better because of it, God was our