I 
115TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2870 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide tax benefits for 
investments in gigabit opportunity zones. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 12, 2017 
Mr. COLLINS of Georgia (for himself and Mr. SMITH of Missouri) introduced 
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and 
Means, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for 
a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide 
tax benefits for investments in gigabit opportunity zones. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Gigabit Opportunity 
Act’’. 
SEC. 2. GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF ZONES AND BENEFITS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘Subchapter Z—Gigabit Opportunity Zones 
‘‘Sec. 1400Z–1. Designation. 
‘‘Sec. 1400Z–2. Deferral for eligible taxpayer of capital gains invested in gig-
abit opportunity zones. 
‘‘Sec. 1400Z–3. Immediate expensing of qualified gigabit opportunity zone busi-
ness property. 
‘‘SEC. 1400Z–1. DESIGNATION. 
‘‘(a) QUALIFIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE DE-
FINED.—For the purposes of this subchapter, the term 
‘qualified gigabit opportunity zone’ means a population 
census tract that is a low-income community— 
‘‘(1) which is located in a jurisdiction— 
‘‘(A) that has been certified by Secretary, 
in consultation with the National Telecommuni-
cations and Information Administration, as 
having adopted the Uniform Model Broadband 
Deployment Act prescribed by the Federal 
Communications Commission pursuant to sec-
tion 4 of the Gigabit Opportunity Act, or 
‘‘(B) which has been determined by the 
Secretary, in consultation with the National 
Telecommunications and Information Adminis-
tration, to have adopted laws which are com-
parable to such Model Broadband Development 
Act, and 
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‘‘(2) which is designated as a qualified gigabit 
opportunity zone. 
Paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply with respect to any ju-
risdiction for which a determination has been made after 
the date which is 3 years after the date of the enactment 
of this section. 
‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection 
(a)(3), a population census tract that is a low-in-
come community and which meets the requirements 
of paragraph (1) of subsection (a) is designated as 
a qualified gigabit opportunity zone if— 
‘‘(A) not later than the end of the deter-
mination period, the governor of the State in 
which the tract is located— 
‘‘(i) nominates the tract for designa-
tion as a qualified gigabit opportunity 
zone, and 
‘‘(ii) notifies the Secretary in writing 
of such nomination, and 
‘‘(B) the Secretary certifies such nomina-
tion and designates such tract as a qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone before the end of the 
consideration period. 
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‘‘(2) EXTENSION
OF
PERIODS.—A governor 
may request that the Secretary extend either the de-
termination or consideration period, or both (deter-
mined without regard to this subparagraph), for an 
additional 30 days. 
‘‘(c) OTHER DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this 
subsection— 
‘‘(1) LOW-INCOME
COMMUNITIES.—The term 
‘low-income community’ has the same meaning as 
when used in section 45D(e). 
‘‘(2) DEFINITION OF PERIODS.— 
‘‘(A) CONSIDERATION PERIOD.—The term 
‘consideration period’ means the 30-day period 
beginning on the date on which the Secretary 
receives notice under subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii), 
as extended under subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(B) DETERMINATION PERIOD.—The term 
‘determination period’ means the 90-day period 
beginning on the date on which the State 
adopts the Uniform Model Broadband Act de-
scribed in subsection (a)(1)(A), as extended 
under subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(d) GUIDANCE FOR OPPORTUNITY ZONE NOMINA-
TIONS.—When considering the nomination of qualified 
gigabit opportunity zones, governors should strive for the 
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creation of qualified gigabit opportunity zones that are 
geographically concentrated and contiguous clusters of 
population census tracts and should give particular consid-
eration to areas that— 
‘‘(1) are currently facing obstacles to economic 
development due to a lack of geographic broadband 
coverage or a lack of broadband speed, 
‘‘(2) are currently the focus of mutually rein-
forcing State, local, or private economic development 
initiatives, and 
‘‘(3)(A) are poised for economic growth that re-
quires access to high speed broadband for commer-
cial purposes, and 
‘‘(B) represent the areas of a State where such 
service would result in the highest return on invest-
ment. 
‘‘(e) NUMBER OF DESIGNATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Except as provided by 
paragraph (2), the number of population census 
tracts in a State that may be designated as qualified 
gigabit opportunity zones under this section may not 
exceed 25 percent of the number of low-income com-
munities in the State. 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—If the number of low-income 
communities in a State is less than 100, then a total 
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of 25 of such tracts may be designated as qualified 
gigabit opportunity zones. 
‘‘(f) DESIGNATION OF TRACTS CONTIGUOUS WITH 
LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A population census tract 
that is not a low-income community may be des-
ignated as a qualified gigabit opportunity zone under 
this section if— 
‘‘(A) such tract meets the requirements of 
paragraph (1) of subsection (a), 
‘‘(B) the tract is contiguous with the low- 
income community that is designated as a 
qualified gigabit opportunity zone, and 
‘‘(C) the median family income of the tract 
does not exceed 150 percent of the median fam-
ily income of the low-income community with 
which the tract is contiguous. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Not more than 25 percent 
of the population census tracts designated in a State 
as a qualified gigabit opportunity zone may be des-
ignated under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(g) PERIOD FOR WHICH DESIGNATION IS IN EF-
FECT.—A designation as a qualified gigabit opportunity 
zone shall remain in effect for the period beginning on 
the date of the designation and ending at the close of the 
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7th calendar year beginning on or after such date of des-
ignation. 
‘‘SEC. 1400Z–2. DEFERRAL FOR ELIGIBLE TAXPAYER OF 
CAPITAL GAINS INVESTED IN GIGABIT OP-
PORTUNITY ZONES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) EXCLUSION OF GAIN INVESTED IN GIG-
ABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE PROPERTY.—In the case 
of gain from the sale to, or exchange with, an unre-
lated person of any property held by an eligible tax-
payer, at the election of the eligible taxpayer— 
‘‘(A) gross income for the taxable year 
shall not include so much of such gain as does 
not exceed the aggregate cost of all qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone property acquired by 
the taxpayer during the 180-day period begin-
ning on the date of such sale or exchange, and 
‘‘(B) the amount of gain excluded by sub-
paragraph (A) shall be included in gross income 
as provided by paragraph (2). 
‘‘(2) DEFERRAL OF GAIN INVESTED IN QUALI-
FIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE PROPERTY.— 
‘‘(A) YEAR
OF
INCLUSION.—Except as 
provided by subparagraph (C), gain to which 
paragraph (1)(B) applies shall be included in 
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income in the taxable year in which the quali-
fied gigabit opportunity zone property related to 
such gain is sold or exchanged in the amount 
determined under subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(B) AMOUNT INCLUDIBLE.—The amount 
of gain determined under this clause shall be— 
‘‘(i) 100 percent of such gain in the 
case of the sale or exchange of the quali-
fied gigabit opportunity zone property with 
respect to which gain is deferred under 
paragraph (1) that is held for less than 5 
years, 
‘‘(ii) 90 percent of such gain in the 
case of the sale or exchange of the quali-
fied gigabit opportunity zone property with 
respect to which gain is deferred under 
paragraph (1) that is held for at least 5 
years but less than 7 years, and 
‘‘(iii) 85 percent of such gain in the 
case of the sale or exchange of the quali-
fied gigabit opportunity zone property with 
respect to which gain is deferred under 
paragraph (1) that is held for at least 7 
years. 
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‘‘(3) EXCLUSION OF GAIN ON QUALIFIED GIG-
ABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE PROPERTY HELD FOR AT 
LEAST 10 YEARS.—Except as provided in paragraph 
(2), in the case of the sale or exchange of qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone property, or an investment 
in a qualified opportunity fund, held for at least 10 
years, gross income for the taxable year shall not in-
clude any gain from the sale or exchange of such 
property or investment. 
‘‘(4) ONE ELECTION PER PROPERTY.—No elec-
tion may be made under paragraph (1) with respect 
to a sale or exchange if an election previously made 
with respect to such sale or exchange is in effect. 
‘‘(b) BASIS RULES RELATING TO QUALIFIED GIG-
ABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE PROPERTY.— 
‘‘(1) REDUCED
BY
GAIN
DEFERRED
UNDER 
SUBSECTION (a)(1).—The basis of a qualified gig-
abit opportunity zone property immediately after its 
acquisition under subsection (a) shall be reduced by 
the amount of gain deferred by reason of subsection 
(a)(1)(A) with respect to such property. 
‘‘(2) INCREASE FOR GAIN RECOGNIZED UNDER 
SUBSECTION (a)(2).—The basis of qualified gigabit 
opportunity zone property shall be increased by the 
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amount of gain recognized by reason of subsection 
(a)(2) with respect to such property. 
‘‘(3) SUBSEQUENT
INCREASE
IN
BASIS
FOR 
PROPERTY HELD FOR AT LEAST 5 YEARS BUT LESS 
THAN 10 YEARS.—In the case of qualified gigabit op-
portunity zone property held for at least 5 years but 
less than 10 years— 
‘‘(A) PROPERTY HELD FOR 5 YEARS.—For 
qualified gigabit opportunity zone property held 
for at least 5 years, the basis of such property 
shall be increased by an amount equal to 10 
percent of the amount of gain deferred by rea-
son of subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect to such 
property. 
‘‘(B) PROPERTY HELD FOR 7 YEARS.—For 
qualified gigabit opportunity zone property held 
for at least 7 years, the basis of such property 
shall be increased by an amount equal to 5 per-
cent of the amount of gain deferred by reason 
of subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect to such 
property. 
‘‘(c) ELIGIBLE TAXPAYER.—For purposes of this sec-
tion, the term ‘eligible taxpayer’ means any taxpayer who 
has a trade or business a substantial part of which con-
sists of selling broadband Internet service to commercial 
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customers, residential customers, or both through one or 
a combination of the following technologies: 
‘‘(1) Digital Subscriber Line transmission tech-
nology that transmits data faster over traditional 
copper telephone lines, without regards to the spe-
cific type of Digital Subscriber Line transmission 
technology such as Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber 
Line, Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, High 
data rate Digital Subscriber Line, or Very High 
data rate Digital Subscriber Line. 
‘‘(2) Cable Modem transmission technology that 
enables operators to provide broadband using the 
same coaxial cables that deliver pictures and sound 
to televisions. 
‘‘(3) Fiber optic transmission technology that 
converts electrical signals carrying data to light and 
sends the light through transparent glass fibers. 
‘‘(4) Wireless transmission technology that uti-
lizes a radio link between the customer’s location 
and the service provider’s facility, whether mobile or 
fixed. 
‘‘(5) Satellite transmission technology that pro-
vides broadband links via orbiting satellites. 
‘‘(6) Broadband over powerline transmission 
technology that delivers broadband over the existing 
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low- and medium-voltage electric power distribution 
network. 
‘‘(7) Such other technologies as the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Federal Communications 
Commission, may designate by rule as a broadband 
provider technology. 
‘‘(d) QUALIFIED
GIGABIT
OPPORTUNITY
ZONE 
PROPERTY.—For purposes of this section: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified gigabit 
opportunity zone property’ means property which 
is— 
‘‘(A) qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
stock, 
‘‘(B) qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
partnership interest, 
‘‘(C) qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
business property, or 
‘‘(D) an interest in a qualified investment 
fund. 
‘‘(2) QUALIFIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE 
STOCK.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), the term ‘qualified gigabit 
opportunity zone stock’ means any stock in a 
domestic corporation if— 
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‘‘(i) such stock is acquired by the tax-
payer after December 31, 2017, at its 
original issue (directly or through an un-
derwriter) from the corporation solely in 
exchange for cash, 
‘‘(ii) as of the time such stock was 
issued, such corporation was a qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone business (or, in 
the case of a new corporation, such cor-
poration was being organized for purposes 
of being a qualified gigabit opportunity 
zone business), and 
‘‘(iii) during substantially all of the 
taxpayer’s holding period for such stock, 
such corporation qualified as a qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone business. 
‘‘(B) REDEMPTIONS.—A rule similar to 
the rule of section 1202(c)(3) shall apply for 
purposes of this paragraph. 
‘‘(3) QUALIFIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE 
PARTNERSHIP INTEREST.—The term ‘qualified gig-
abit opportunity zone partnership interest’ means 
any capital or profits interest in a domestic partner-
ship if— 
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‘‘(A) such interest is acquired by the tax-
payer after December 31, 2017, from the part-
nership solely in exchange for cash, 
‘‘(B) as of the time such interest was ac-
quired, such partnership was a qualified gigabit 
opportunity zone business (or, in the case of a 
new partnership, such partnership was being 
organized for purposes of being a qualified gig-
abit opportunity zone business), and 
‘‘(C) during substantially all of the tax-
payer’s holding period for such interest, such 
partnership qualified as a qualified gigabit op-
portunity zone business. 
‘‘(4) QUALIFIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE 
BUSINESS PROPERTY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone business property’ 
means tangible property used in a trade or 
business of the taxpayer if— 
‘‘(i) such property— 
‘‘(I) is used primarily to provide 
broadband transmission services to lo-
cations which do not have such service 
that meets the minimum speed re-
quirements 
required 
for 
universal 
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service support under Phase II of the 
Connect America Fund of the Federal 
Communications Commission, as set 
forth under subpart D of part 54 of 
title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, 
and 
‘‘(II) is capable of transmitting 
signals 
at 
a 
rate 
of 
at 
least 
1,000,000,000 bits per second, 
‘‘(ii) such property was acquired by 
the taxpayer by purchase (as defined in 
section 179(d)(2)) after December 31, 
2017, 
‘‘(iii) the original use of such property 
in the qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
commences with the taxpayer or the tax-
payer substantially improves the property, 
and 
‘‘(iv) during substantially all of the 
taxpayer’s holding period for such prop-
erty, substantially all of the use of such 
property was in a qualified gigabit oppor-
tunity zone. 
‘‘(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN PROP-
ERTY.—In the case of property which is placed 
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in service before January 1, 2021, and which is 
with respect to technology described in para-
graph (4) or (5) of subsection (c), subpara-
graph (A)(i)(II) shall be applied by substituting 
‘150,000,000 
bits 
per 
second’ 
for 
‘1,000,000,000 bits per second’. 
‘‘(C) SUBSTANTIAL
IMPROVEMENT.—For 
purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), property 
shall be treated as substantially improved by 
the taxpayer only if, during any 30-month pe-
riod beginning after the date of acquisition of 
such property, additions to basis with respect to 
such property in the hands of the taxpayer ex-
ceed an amount equal to the adjusted basis of 
such property at the beginning of such 30- 
month period in the hands of the taxpayer. 
‘‘(D) TREATMENT
OF
RELATED
PAR-
TIES.—For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), 
the rules of subparagraph (A) of section 
179(d)(2) shall be applied using the relation-
ship described in subsection (e)(2) in lieu of the 
relationship described in such subparagraph. 
‘‘(5) 
QUALIFIED
GIGABIT
OPPORTUNITY 
FUND.—The term ‘qualified gigabit opportunity 
fund’ means any investment vehicle organized as a 
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corporation or a partnership for the purpose of in-
vesting in qualified gigabit opportunity zone prop-
erty (other than another qualified opportunity fund) 
that holds at least 90 percent of its assets in quali-
fied opportunity zone property, determined— 
‘‘(A) on the last day of the first 6-month 
period of the taxable year of the fund, and 
‘‘(B) on the last day of the taxable year of 
the fund. 
‘‘(6) QUALIFIED GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE 
BUSINESS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone business’ means a 
trade or business— 
‘‘(i) in which substantially all of the 
tangible property owned or leased by the 
taxpayer is qualified gigabit opportunity 
zone business property, 
‘‘(ii) which satisfies the requirements 
of paragraphs (2), (4), and (8) of section 
1397C(b), and 
‘‘(iii) which is not described in section 
144(c)(6)(B). 
‘‘(B) SPECIAL
RULE.—For purposes of 
subparagraph (A), tangible property that ceases 
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to be a qualified gigabit opportunity zone busi-
ness property shall continue to be treated as a 
qualified gigabit opportunity zone business 
property for the lesser of— 
‘‘(i) 5 years after the date on which 
such tangible property ceases to be so 
qualified, or 
‘‘(ii) the date on which such tangible 
property is no longer held by the qualified 
gigabit opportunity zone business. 
‘‘(e) APPLICABLE RULES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this sec-
tion and except as otherwise provided in this section, 
rules similar to the rules applicable to deferred like 
kind exchanges under section 1031 shall apply ex-
cept that reinvestment in qualified gigabit oppor-
tunity zone property need not require an inter-
mediary party. 
‘‘(2) RELATED PERSONS.—For purposes of this 
subsection, persons are related to each other if such 
persons are described in section 267(b) or 707(b)(1), 
determined by substituting ‘20 percent’ for ‘50 per-
cent’ each place it occurs in such sections. 
‘‘(3) DECEDENTS.—In the case of a decedent, 
amounts recognized under this section shall, if not 
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properly includible in the gross income of the dece-
dent, be includible in gross income as provided by 
section 691. 
‘‘(4) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall pre-
scribe such regulations as may be necessary or ap-
propriate to carry out the purposes of this section, 
including— 
‘‘(A) rules providing for proportionate in-
clusion in income and increases in basis for 
purposes of subsections (a) and (b) in cases in 
which a sale or exchange of any qualified gig-
abit opportunity zone property with respect to 
which gain is deferred under subsection 
(a)(1)(A) is less than all of such property, 
‘‘(B) rules requiring taxpayers to provide 
such information as the Secretary determines to 
be necessary or appropriate for the identifica-
tion of both the assets sold (including basis and 
sale price) and the assets acquired and invest-
ments made, and 
‘‘(C) rules to prevent abuse. 
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‘‘SEC. 1400Z–3. IMMEDIATE EXPENSING OF QUALIFIED GIG-
ABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONE BUSINESS PROP-
ERTY. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An eligible taxpayer may elect 
to treat the cost of any qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
business property (as defined in section 1400Z–2) as an 
expense which is not chargeable to capital account. Any 
cost so treated shall be allowed as a deduction for the tax-
able year in which the qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
business property is placed in service. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE TAXPAYER.—For purposes of this 
section, the term ‘eligible taxpayer’ has the same meaning 
given to such term under section 1400Z–2(c). 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTION
FOR CERTAIN PROPERTY.—For 
purposes of this section, the term ‘qualified gigabit oppor-
tunity zone business property’ shall not include any prop-
erty to which section 168(g) applies. 
‘‘(d) ELECTION.—An election under this section shall 
be made under rules similar to the rules of section 179(c). 
‘‘(e) COORDINATION WITH SECTION 179.—For pur-
poses of section 179, qualified gigabit opportunity zone 
business property shall not be treated as section 179 prop-
erty. 
‘‘(f) APPLICATION OF OTHER RULES.—Rules similar 
to the rules of paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (7), (9), and (10) 
of section 179(d) shall apply for purposes of this section. 
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‘‘(g) TAXPAYER REPORTING.—This section shall not 
apply with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year 
unless such taxpayer provides the Secretary with such in-
formation as the Secretary may require to allow the Sec-
retary to evaluate the effectiveness of the program estab-
lished under this part.’’. 
(2) BASIS ADJUSTMENTS.—Section 1016(a) of 
such Code is amended by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end 
of paragraph (36), by striking the period at the end 
of paragraph (37) and inserting ‘‘, and’’, and by in-
serting after paragraph (37) the following: 
‘‘(38) to the extent provided in section 1400Z– 
2(b).’’. 
(3) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sub-
chapters for chapter 1 of such Code is amended by 
adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER Z. GIGABIT OPPORTUNITY ZONES’’. 
(4) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect on the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 
3. 
PRIVATE 
ACTIVITY 
BONDS 
FOR 
QUALIFIED 
BROADBAND PROJECTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 142(a) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end of paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end 
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lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with BILLS
of paragraph (15) and inserting ‘‘, or’’, and by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(16) qualified broadband projects.’’. 
(b) QUALIFIED
BROADBAND
PROJECTS.—Section 
142 of such Code is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection: 
‘‘(n) QUALIFIED BROADBAND PROJECT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection 
(a)(16), the term ‘qualified broadband project’ 
means any project which— 
‘‘(A) is located in a jurisdiction that has 
been certified by Secretary, in consultation with 
the National Telecommunications and Informa-
tion Administration, as having adopted the Uni-
form Model Broadband Deployment Act pre-
scribed by the Federal Communications Com-
mission pursuant to section 4 of the Gigabit 
Opportunity Act, and 
‘‘(B) results in gigabit capable Internet ac-
cess to residential or commercial locations— 
‘‘(i) where a broadband service pro-
vider previously did not provide service, or 
‘‘(ii) which do not have broadband 
service which meets the minimum speed re-
quirements required for universal service 
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support under Phase II of the Connect 
America Fund of the Federal Communica-
tions Commission, as set forth under sub-
part D of part 54 of title 47, Code of Fed-
eral Regulations.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to bonds issued after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 4. UNIFORM MODEL BROADBAND ACT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Commu-
nications Commission shall publish a Uniform Model 
Broadband Deployment Act containing laws for the State 
regulation of the deployment of broadband services. 
(b) NO INFERENCE RELATING TO DATA COLLEC-
TION.—Nothing in this Act or the amendments made by 
this Act shall be construed to provide additional authority 
for the collection of data to the Federal Communications 
Commission or the National Telecommunications and In-
formation Administration. 
Æ 
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