I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2052 
To impose sanctions on the Houthis for attacks on international shipping, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 11, 2025 
Mr. GREEN of Tennessee (for himself, Mr. MCCAUL, Mr. PERRY, and Mrs. 
KIM) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, 
for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case 
for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the 
committee concerned 
A BILL 
To impose sanctions on the Houthis for attacks on 
international shipping, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Combating Houthi 
Threats and Aggression Act’’. 
SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to work with 
United States allies and partners to safeguard maritime 
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security in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, including 
by supporting interdiction efforts and by opposing attacks 
on international shipping that threaten the free flow of 
commerce, endanger innocent mariners, and violate inter-
national law, as such attacks harm the global economy, 
destabilize the Middle East and Africa region, and under-
mine United States national security interests. 
SEC. 3. REPORT ON CAPABILITY OF THE HOUTHIS TO 
THREATEN UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECU-
RITY AND FOREIGN POLICY GOALS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 
the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report on the capability of the Houthis 
(also known as ‘‘Ansar Allah’’) to threaten United States 
national security and foreign policy goals. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) An assessment of senior Houthi leadership’ 
intentions and capacity to conduct and sustain mili-
tary operations from Yemen that target the United 
States, Israel, or global shipping. 
(2) A description of the funding, materiel, 
training, and other forms of support the Houthis re-
ceive from Iran, Hezbollah, or any other entity act-
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ing for or on behalf of Iran, including contributions 
to advance the Houthis’ indigenous weapons produc-
tion capability and existing weapons arsenal. 
(3) A description of the Houthis’ ballistic mis-
sile and unmanned delivery systems, including those 
that are covered under Category 1 or Category 2 of 
the Missile Control Technology Regime and the pre-
cision and reach of such weapons. 
(4) A description of the Houthis’ maritime ca-
pabilities, including sea missiles and drones. 
(5) An analysis of the Houthis’ current indige-
nous weapons production capabilities and how their 
control over the Al-Hudaydah port and Sana’a inter-
national airport enables them to sustain weapons 
production. 
(6) An assessment of the Houthis’ stockpiles 
and employment of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 
dual-use drone technology, and the countries of ori-
gin for these products. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
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(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 
SEC. 4. REPORT ON HOUTHI ATTACKS THAT THREATEN 
FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION IN THE RED SEA 
AND GULF OF ADEN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
day of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the 
President shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the following: 
(1) A summary of Houthi (also known as 
‘‘Ansar Allah’’) attacks that threaten freedom of 
navigation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. 
(2) An assessment of the impact that Houthi 
threats to freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and 
Gulf of Aden have on United States security inter-
ests. 
(3) An assessment of the impact that Houthi 
threats to freedom of navigation in the Red Sea and 
Gulf of Aden have on the global economy, including 
the United States economy. 
(4) An assessment of Iran’s role in the Houthis’ 
attacks that threaten freedom of navigation in the 
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, including Iran’s provi-
sion of targeting assistance to the Houthis. 
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(5) A description of China’s presence in the 
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden during the reporting pe-
riod. 
(6) An assessment of how the Houthis’ attacks 
in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden impact Russia, 
China, and Iran’s freedom of navigation in those wa-
terways relative to the United States and our part-
ners’ freedom of navigation. 
(b) SCOPE.—The initial report required by subsection 
(a) shall address the period beginning on October 7, 2023, 
and ending on the date that is 90 days after date of the 
enactment of this Act, and each subsequent report shall 
address the one-year period following the conclusion of the 
prior report. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 
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SEC. 5. REPORT ON VIOLATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS 
ARMS EMBARGO AGAINST YEMEN AUTHOR-
IZED UNDER UNITED NATIONS SECURITY 
COUNCIL RESOLUTION 2216. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 
the President shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report on the following: 
(1) A description of violations or attempted vio-
lations of the United Nations arms embargo against 
Yemen authorized under United Nations Security 
Council Resolution 2216 (2015) and successor reso-
lutions. 
(2) A list of incidents in which the United 
States or other countries interdicted weapons and 
related components believed to be intended for the 
Houthis, including— 
(A) for each interdiction incident, what 
specific entity conducted the interdiction, the 
circumstances and location of such interdiction, 
what weapons or components were seized and 
the believed origins of such components, and 
under what authority each such seizure took 
place; 
(B) a description of what United States 
Government resources are currently devoted to 
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identifying, disrupting, interdicting, or other-
wise dismantling the flow of illicit weapons in-
tended for the Houthis, and identifying under 
what authorities these activities take place; and 
(C) United States coordination with inter-
national partners on efforts to identify, disrupt, 
dismantle or interdict illicit weapons flows to 
the Houthis, including identifying United States 
security assistance and cooperation programs 
that contribute to the interdiction efforts of 
such partners. 
(b) SCOPE.—The initial report required by subsection 
(a) shall address the period beginning on January 1, 2022, 
and ending on the date that is 90 days after date of the 
enactment of this Act, and each subsequent report shall 
address the one-year period following the conclusion of the 
prior report. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 
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SEC. 6. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO ANY ATTACKS BY 
THE HOUTHIS ON INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING 
IN THE RED SEA AND GULF OF ADEN AND 
OTHER 
MILITARY 
SUPPORT 
TO 
THE 
HOUTHIS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any 
foreign person the President determines, on or after the 
date of enactment of this Act— 
(1) to be responsible for or complicit in, or to 
have directly or indirectly engaged in, any attacks by 
the Houthis (also known as ‘‘Ansar Allah’’) that 
threaten international shipping in the Red Sea or 
Gulf of Aden; 
(2) knowingly engages in, or attempts to engage 
in, activities or transactions that have materially 
contributed to, or pose a significant risk of materi-
ally contributing to the conduct described in para-
graph (1); or 
(3) knowingly engages in any activity that ma-
terially contributes to the supply, sale, or transfer 
directly or indirectly of arms and related materiel of 
all types, including weapons and ammunition, mili-
tary vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equip-
ment, and spare parts for the aforementioned, and 
technical assistance, training, financial or other as-
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sistance, to any foreign person engaging in the con-
duct described in paragraph (1). 
(b) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are the following: 
(1) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The President 
shall exercise all authorities granted under the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
and prohibit all transactions in property and inter-
ests in property of the foreign person if such prop-
erty and interests in property are in the United 
States, come within the United States, or come with-
in the possession or control of a United States per-
son. 
(2) INELIGIBILITY FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, OR 
PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien described in subsection (a) shall be— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
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tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The visa or other 
entry documentation of any alien described 
in subsection (a) is subject to revocation 
regardless of the issue date of the visa or 
other entry documentation. 
(ii) IMMEDIATE
EFFECT.—A revoca-
tion under clause (i) shall, in accordance 
with section 221(i) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i))— 
(I) take effect immediately; and 
(II) cancel any other valid visa or 
entry documentation that is in the 
possession of the alien. 
(c) PENALTIES.—Any person that violates, or at-
tempts to violate, subsection (b) or any regulation, license, 
or order issued pursuant to that subsection, shall be sub-
ject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 
of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a per-
son that commits an unlawful act described in subsection 
(a) of that section. 
(d) WAIVER.— 
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