H. R. 5501—47 
‘‘(3) integrate care and treatment with prevention of 
mother-to-child transmission of HIV programs to improve out-
comes for HIV-affected women and families as soon as is fea-
sible and support strategies that promote successful follow- 
up and continuity of care of mother and child; 
‘‘(4) expand programs designed to care for children 
orphaned by, affected by, or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS; 
‘‘(5) ensure that women in prevention of mother-to-child 
transmission of HIV programs are provided with, or referred 
to, appropriate maternal and child services; and 
‘‘(6) develop a timeline for expanding access to more effec-
tive regimes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, 
consistent with the national policies of countries in which pro-
grams are administered under this Act and the goal of achieving 
universal use of such regimes as soon as possible.’’. 
SEC. 308. ANNUAL REPORT ON PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD 
TRANSMISSION OF HIV. 
Section 313(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/ 
AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7653(a)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘5 years’’ and inserting ‘‘10 years’’. 
SEC. 309. PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION EXPERT 
PANEL. 
Section 312 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/ 
AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7652) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION EXPERT 
PANEL.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Global AIDS Coordinator shall 
establish a panel of experts to be known as the Prevention 
of Mother-to-Child Transmission Panel (referred to in this sub-
section as the ‘Panel’) to— 
‘‘(A) provide an objective review of activities to prevent 
mother-to-child transmission of HIV; and 
‘‘(B) provide recommendations to the Global AIDS 
Coordinator and to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees for scale-up of mother-to-child transmission prevention 
services under this Act in order to achieve the target estab-
lished in subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The Panel shall be convened and 
chaired by the Global AIDS Coordinator, who shall serve as 
a nonvoting member. The Panel shall consist of not more than 
15 members (excluding the Global AIDS Coordinator), to be 
appointed by the Global AIDS Coordinator not later than 1 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, including— 
‘‘(A) 2 members from the Department of Health and 
Human Services with expertise relating to the prevention 
of mother-to-child transmission activities; 
‘‘(B) 2 members from the United States Agency for 
International Development with expertise relating to the 
prevention of mother-to-child transmission activities; 
‘‘(C) 2 representatives from among health ministers 
of national governments of foreign countries in which pro-
grams under this Act are administered; 
‘‘(D) 3 members representing organizations imple-
menting prevention of mother-to-child transmission activi-
ties under this Act;
H. R. 5501—48 
‘‘(E) 2 health care researchers with expertise relating 
to global HIV/AIDS activities; and 
‘‘(F) representatives from among patient advocate 
groups, health care professionals, persons living with HIV/ 
AIDS, and non-governmental organizations with expertise 
relating to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission 
activities, giving priority to individuals in foreign countries 
in which programs under this Act are administered. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES OF PANEL.—The Panel shall— 
‘‘(A) assess the effectiveness of current activities in 
reaching the target described in subsection (b)(1); 
‘‘(B) review scientific evidence related to the provision 
of 
mother-to-child 
transmission 
prevention 
services, 
including programmatic data and data from clinical trials; 
‘‘(C) review and assess ways in which the Office of 
the United States Global AIDS Coordinator collaborates 
with international and multilateral entities on efforts to 
prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in affected 
countries; 
‘‘(D) identify barriers and challenges to increasing 
access to mother-to-child transmission prevention services 
and evaluate potential mechanisms to alleviate those bar-
riers and challenges; 
‘‘(E) identify the extent to which stigma has hindered 
pregnant women from obtaining HIV counseling and testing 
or returning for results, and provide recommendations to 
address such stigma and its effects; 
‘‘(F) identify opportunities to improve linkages between 
mother-to-child transmission prevention services and care 
and treatment programs; and 
‘‘(G) recommend specific activities to facilitate reaching 
the target described in subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(4) REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date on which the Panel is first convened, the Panel shall 
submit a report containing a detailed statement of the 
recommendations, findings, and conclusions of the Panel 
to the appropriate congressional committees. 
‘‘(B) 
AVAILABILITY.—The 
report 
submitted 
under 
subparagraph (A) shall be made available to the public. 
‘‘(C) CONSIDERATION
BY
COORDINATOR.—The Coordi-
nator shall— 
‘‘(i) consider any recommendations contained in 
the report submitted under subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) include in the annual report required under 
section 104A(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
a description of the activities conducted in response 
to the recommendations made by the Panel and an 
explanation of any recommendations not implemented 
at the time of the report. 
‘‘(5) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Panel such sums as may 
be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2011 
to carry out this section. 
‘‘(6) TERMINATION.—The Panel shall terminate on the date 
that is 60 days after the date on which the Panel submits
H. R. 5501—49 
the report to the appropriate congressional committees under 
paragraph (4).’’. 
TITLE IV—FUNDING ALLOCATIONS 
SEC. 401. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 401(a) of the United States Leader-
ship Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 
(22 U.S.C. 7671(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘$3,000,000,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008’’ and inserting 
‘‘$48,000,000,000 for the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 
2008’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress that 
the appropriations authorized under section 401(a) of the United 
States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria 
Act of 2003, as amended by subsection (a), should be allocated 
among fiscal years 2009 through 2013 in a manner that allows 
for the appropriations to be gradually increased in a manner that 
is consistent with program requirements, absorptive capacity, and 
priorities set forth in such Act, as amended by this Act. 
SEC. 402. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
Section 402(b) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/ 
AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7672(b)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘an effective distribution of such amounts 
would be’’ and all that follows through ‘‘10 percent of such amounts’’ 
and inserting ‘‘10 percent should be used’’. 
SEC. 403. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS. 
Section 403 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/ 
AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7673) 
is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) BALANCED FUNDING REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Global AIDS Coordinator shall— 
‘‘(A) provide balanced funding for prevention activities 
for sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS; and 
‘‘(B) ensure that activities promoting abstinence, delay 
of sexual debut, monogamy, fidelity, and partner reduction 
are implemented and funded in a meaningful and equitable 
way in the strategy for each host country based on objective 
epidemiological evidence as to the source of infections and 
in consultation with the government of each host county 
involved in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. 
‘‘(2) PREVENTION STRATEGY.— 
‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—In carrying out paragraph (1), 
the Global AIDS Coordinator shall establish an HIV sexual 
transmission prevention strategy governing the expendi-
ture of funds authorized under this Act to prevent the 
sexual transmission of HIV in any host country with a 
generalized epidemic. 
‘‘(B) REPORT.—In each host country described in 
subparagraph (A), if the strategy established under 
subparagraph (A) provides less than 50 percent of the 
funds described in subparagraph (A) for activities pro-
moting abstinence, delay of sexual debut, monogamy,
H. R. 5501—50 
fidelity, and partner reduction, the Global AIDS Coordi-
nator shall, not later than 30 days after the issuance of 
this strategy, report to the appropriate congressional 
committees on the justification for this decision. 
‘‘(3) EXCLUSION.—Programs and activities that implement 
or purchase new prevention technologies or modalities, such 
as medical male circumcision, public education about risks to 
acquire HIV infection from blood exposures, promoting uni-
versal precautions, investigating suspected nosocomial infec-
tions, pre-exposure pharmaceutical prophylaxis to prevent 
transmission of HIV, or microbicides and programs and activi-
ties that provide counseling and testing for HIV or prevent 
mother-to-child prevention of HIV, shall not be included in 
determining compliance with paragraph (2). 
‘‘(4) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States 
Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and 
Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, and annually thereafter 
as part of the annual report required under section 104A(e) 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b–2(e)), 
the President shall— 
‘‘(A) submit a report on the implementation of para-
graph (2) for the most recently concluded fiscal year to 
the appropriate congressional committees; and 
‘‘(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) 
available to the public.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘fiscal years 2006 through 2008’’ and 
inserting ‘‘fiscal years 2009 through 2013’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘vulnerable children affected by’’ and 
inserting ‘‘other children affected by, or vulnerable to,’’; 
and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) FUNDING ALLOCATION.—For each of the fiscal years 2009 
through 2013, more than half of the amounts appropriated for 
bilateral global HIV/AIDS assistance pursuant to section 401 shall 
be expended for— 
‘‘(1) antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS; 
‘‘(2) clinical monitoring of HIV-seropositive people not in 
need of antiretroviral treatment; 
‘‘(3) care for associated opportunistic infections; 
‘‘(4) nutrition and food support for people living with HIV/ 
AIDS; and 
‘‘(5) other essential HIV/AIDS-related medical care for 
people living with HIV/AIDS. 
‘‘(d) TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND CARE GOALS.—For each of 
the fiscal years 2009 through 2013— 
‘‘(1) the treatment goal under section 402(a)(3) shall be 
increased above 2,000,000 by at least the percentage increase 
in the amount appropriated for bilateral global HIV/AIDS 
assistance for such fiscal year compared with fiscal year 2008; 
‘‘(2) any increase in the treatment goal under section 
402(a)(3) above the percentage increase in the amount appro-
priated for bilateral global HIV/AIDS assistance for such fiscal 
year compared with fiscal year 2008 shall be based on long-