(ii) a cross-cutting challenge for artifi-
cial intelligence systems, including trust-
worthiness, or foundational science; 
(B) requires partnership among public and 
private organizations, including, as appropriate, 
Federal agencies, research universities, commu-
nity colleges, nonprofit research organizations, 
Federal laboratories, State, local, and tribal 
governments, and industry (or consortia there-
of); 
(C) has the potential to create an innova-
tion ecosystem, or enhance existing ecosystems, 
to translate Institute research into applications 
and products, as appropriate to the topic of 
each Institute; 
(D) supports interdisciplinary research and 
development across multiple institutions and or-
ganizations involved in artificial intelligence re-
search and related disciplines, including phys-
ics, engineering, mathematical sciences, com-
puter and information science, robotics, biologi-
cal and cognitive sciences, material science, so-
cial and behavioral sciences, cybersecurity, and 
technology ethics; 
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(E) supports interdisciplinary education 
activities, including curriculum development, re-
search experiences, and faculty professional de-
velopment across two-year, undergraduates, 
masters, and doctoral level programs; and 
(F) supports workforce development in ar-
tificial intelligence related disciplines in the 
United States, including broadening participa-
tion of underrepresented communities. 
(3) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Financial assistance 
awarded under paragraph (1) may be used by an In-
stitute for— 
(A) managing and making available to re-
searchers accessible, curated, standardized, se-
cure, and privacy protected data sets from the 
public and private sectors for the purposes of 
training and testing artificial intelligence sys-
tems and for research using artificial intel-
ligence systems, pursuant to section 301(b) and 
301(c); 
(B) developing and managing testbeds for 
artificial intelligence systems, including sector- 
specific test beds, designed to enable users to 
evaluate artificial intelligence systems prior to 
deployment; 
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(C) conducting research and education ac-
tivities involving artificial intelligence systems 
to solve challenges with social, economic, health, 
scientific, and national security implications; 
(D) providing or brokering access to com-
puting resources, networking, and data facilities 
for artificial intelligence research and develop-
ment relevant to the Institute’s research goals; 
(E) providing technical assistance to users, 
including software engineering support, for arti-
ficial intelligence research and development rel-
evant to the Institute’s research goals; 
(F) engaging in outreach and engagement 
to broaden participation in artificial intelligence 
research and workforce; and 
(G) such other activities that an agency 
head, whose agency’s missions contribute to or 
are affected by artificial intelligence, considers 
consistent with the purposes described in sec-
tion 101(a). 
(4) DURATION.— 
(A) INITIAL PERIODS.—An award of finan-
cial assistance under paragraph (1) shall be 
awarded for an initial period of 5 years. 
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(B) EXTENSION.—An established Institute 
may apply for, and the agency head may grant, 
extended funding for periods of 5 years on a 
merit-reviewed basis using the merit review cri-
teria of the sponsoring agency. 
(5) APPLICATION
FOR
FINANCIAL
ASSIST-
ANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A person or group of 
persons seeking financial assistance under para-
graph (1) shall submit to an agency head an 
application at such time, in such manner, and 
containing such information as the agency head 
may require. 
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—An application sub-
mitted under subparagraph (A) for an Institute 
shall, at a minimum, include the following: 
(i) A plan for the Institute to in-
clude— 
(I) the proposed goals and activi-
ties of the Institute; 
(II) how the Institute will form 
partnerships with other research insti-
tutions, industry, and nonprofits to le-
verage expertise in artificial intel-
ligence and access to data, including 
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non-governmental data and computing 
resources; 
(III) how the institute will sup-
port long-term and short-term edu-
cation and workforce development in 
artificial intelligence, including broad-
ening 
participation 
of 
underrep-
resented communities; and 
(IV) a plan for how the Institute 
will transition from planning into op-
erations. 
(ii) A description of the anticipated 
sources and nature of any non-Federal 
contributions, including privately held data 
sets, computing resources, and other types 
of in-kind support. 
(iii) A description of the anticipated 
long-term impact of such Institute. 
(6) COMPETITIVE, MERIT REVIEW.—In award-
ing financial assistance under paragraph (1), the 
agency head shall— 
(A) use a competitive, merit review process 
that includes peer review by a diverse group of 
individuals with relevant expertise from both 
the private and public sectors; and 
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(B) ensure the focus areas of the Institute 
do not substantially duplicate the efforts of any 
other Institute. 
(7) COLLABORATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In awarding financial 
assistance under paragraph (1), an agency head 
may collaborate with Federal departments and 
agencies whose missions contribute to or are af-
fected by artificial intelligence systems, includ-
ing the agencies outlined in section 103(c). 
(B) COORDINATING
NETWORK.—The Di-
rector of the National Science Foundation shall 
establish a network of Institutes receiving fi-
nancial assistance under this subsection, to be 
known as the ‘‘Artificial Intelligence Leadership 
Network’’, to coordinate cross-cutting research 
and other activities carried out by the Insti-
tutes. 
(C) FUNDING.—The head of an agency 
may request, accept, and provide funds from 
other Federal departments and agencies, State, 
United States territory, local, or tribal govern-
ment agencies, private sector for-profit entities, 
and nonprofit entities, to be available to the ex-
tent provided by appropriations Acts, to support 
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an Institute’s activities. The head of an agency 
may not give any special consideration to any 
agency or entity in return for a donation. 
TITLE III—NATIONAL INSTITUTE 
OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE ACTIVITIES 
SEC. 301. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ACTIVITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the Initiative, the Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology shall— 
(1) support measurement research and develop-
ment of best practices and voluntary standards for 
trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, including 
for— 
(A) privacy and security, including for 
datasets used to train or test artificial intel-
ligence systems and software and hardware 
used in artificial intelligence systems; 
(B) advanced computer chips and hard-
ware designed for artificial intelligence systems; 
(C) data management and techniques to 
increase the usability of data, including strate-
gies to systematically clean, label, and stand-
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ardize data into forms useful for training artifi-
cial intelligence systems and the use of com-
mon, open licenses; 
(D) safety and robustness of artificial in-
telligence 
systems, 
including 
assurance, 
verification, validation, security, control, and 
the ability for artificial intelligence systems to 
withstand unexpected inputs and adversarial at-
tacks; 
(E) auditing mechanisms and benchmarks 
for accuracy, transparency, verifiability, and 
safety assurance for artificial intelligence sys-
tems; 
(F) applications of machine learning and 
artificial intelligence systems to improve other 
scientific fields and engineering; and 
(G) all other areas deemed by the Director 
to be critical to the development and deploy-
ment of trustworthy artificial intelligence; 
(2) produce curated, standardized, representa-
tive, secure, and privacy protected data sets for arti-
ficial intelligence research, development, and use, 
prioritizing data for high-value, high-risk research; 
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(3) support one or more institutes as described 
in section 201(a) of this Act for the purpose of ad-
vancing the field of artificial intelligence; 
(4) support and strategically engage in the de-
velopment of voluntary consensus standards, includ-
ing international standards, through open, trans-
parent, and consensus-based processes; and 
(5) enter into and perform such contracts, in-
cluding cooperative research and development ar-
rangements and grants and cooperative agreements 
or other transactions, as may be necessary in the 
conduct of the work of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology and on such terms as the 
Director considers appropriate, in furtherance of the 
purposes of this Act. 
(b) RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK.—Not later 
than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Director shall work to develop, and periodically up-
date, in collaboration with other public and private sector 
organizations, including the National Science Foundation 
and the Department of Energy, a voluntary risk manage-
ment framework for the trustworthiness of artificial intel-
ligence systems. The framework shall— 
(1) identify and provide standards, guidelines, 
best practices, methodologies, procedures, and proc-
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esses for assessing the trustworthiness of, and miti-
gating risks to, artificial intelligence systems; 
(2) establish common definitions and character-
izations for aspects and levels of trustworthiness, in-
cluding explainability, transparency, safety, privacy, 
security, robustness, fairness, bias, ethics, validation, 
verification, and other properties related to artificial 
intelligence systems that are common across all sec-
tors; 
(3) provide guidance and implementation steps 
for risk management of artificial intelligence sys-
tems; 
(4) provide sector-specific case studies of imple-
mentation of the framework; 
(5) align with voluntary consensus standards, 
including international standards, to the fullest ex-
tent possible; 
(6) incorporate voluntary consensus standards 
and industry best practices; and 
(7) not prescribe or otherwise require— 
(A) the use of specific solutions; or 
(B) the use of specific information or com-
munications technology products or services. 
(c) DATA SHARING BEST PRACTICES.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
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Director shall, in collaboration with other public and pri-
vate sector organizations, develop guidance to facilitate 
the creation of voluntary data sharing arrangements be-
tween industry, federally funded research centers, and 
Federal agencies for the purpose of advancing artificial 
intelligence research and technologies, including— 
(1) options for partnership models between gov-
ernment entities, industry, universities, and non-
profits that incentivize each party to share the data 
they collected; and 
(2) best practices for datasets involving human 
characteristics, including— 
(A) standards for metadata that describe 
the properties of datasets, including— 
(i) how the data was collected; 
(ii) what populations are included and 
excluded from the datasets; and 
(iii) any other properties as deter-
mined by the Director; and 
(B) standards for privacy and security of 
datasets with human characteristics. 
(d) STAKEHOLDER OUTREACH.—In carrying out the 
activities under this subsection, the Director shall— 
(1) solicit input from university researchers, 
private sector experts, relevant Federal agencies, 
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