I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2010 
To prevent the President of the United States from withdrawing from the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 10, 2025 
Mr. PANETTA (for himself and Mr. BACON) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 
to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined 
by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To prevent the President of the United States from 
withdrawing from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘NATO Edge Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(‘‘NATO’’) has served as a pillar of international 
peace and stability, a critical component of United 
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States security, and a deterrent against adversaries 
and external threats. 
(2) The House of Representatives affirmed in 
H. Res. 397, on June 27, 2017, that— 
(A) NATO is one of the most successful 
military alliances in history, deterring the out-
break of another world war, protecting the ter-
ritorial integrity of its members, and concluding 
the Cold War peacefully; 
(B) NATO remains the foundation of 
United States foreign policy to promote pros-
perity, freedom, and peace in Europe; 
(C) the United States is solemnly com-
mitted to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion’s principle of collective defense as enumer-
ated in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty; 
(D) condemns any threat to the sov-
ereignty, territorial integrity, freedom, and de-
mocracy of any NATO ally; and 
(E) strongly supports collaboration with 
NATO allies to enforce Ukraine’s territorial in-
tegrity against unprovoked aggression from the 
Russian Federation. 
(3) NATO members should abide by the deci-
sion at the NATO Wales Summit in 2014 that each 
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alliance member aim to spend at least 2 percent of 
its nation’s gross domestic product on defense by 
2024. 
(4) Investing in multinational training exercises 
and joint research and education programs with 
NATO allies have offered improvements for inter-
operability and readiness against threats to Euro-
pean security, particularly from the Russian Federa-
tion. 
SEC. 3. MODIFICATION OF LIMITATION ON WITHDRAWAL 
FROM NATO. 
Section 1250A of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (22 U.S.C. 1928f) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting after ‘‘an Act 
of Congress’’ the following: ‘‘, and unless all remain-
ing members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion who have not allocated a minimum of 2 percent 
of their Gross Domestic Product to annual defense 
spending have not made an explicit commitment to 
spend 2 percent of their Gross Domestic Product, as 
defined by NATO standards, on defense within 5 
years from the given fiscal year to which the Presi-
dent is seeking to so suspend, terminate, denounce, 
or withdraw the United States from the North At-
lantic Treaty’’; 
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(2) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) PROHIBITION
ON
THE USE
OF FUNDS TO 
WITHDRAW FROM NATO.—No funds authorized or ap-
propriated by any Act may be made available to support, 
directly or indirectly, any decision on the part of any 
United States Government official to suspend, terminate, 
denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North 
Atlantic Treaty, done at Washington, DC, 3 April 4, 1949, 
except by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
provided that two-thirds of the Senators present concur, 
or pursuant to an Act of Congress, and unless all remain-
ing members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
who have not spent a minimum of 2 percent of their Gross 
Domestic Product to defense have not made an explicit 
commitment to spend 2 percent of their Gross Domestic 
Product, as defined by NATO standards, on defense with-
in 5 years from the given fiscal year to which the Presi-
dent is seeking to so suspend, terminate, denounce, or 
withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Trea-
ty.’’; 
(3) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), (e), 
and (f) as subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i), respec-
tively; and 
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(4) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-
lowing new subsections: 
‘‘(c) IN GENERAL.—By adoption of a resolution of 
the Senate or the House of Representatives, respectively, 
the Senate Legal Counsel or the General Counsel to the 
House of Representatives may be authorized to initiate, 
or intervene in, in the name of the Senate or the House 
of Representatives, as the case may be, independently, or 
jointly, any judicial proceedings in any Federal court of 
competent jurisdiction in order to oppose any action to 
suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United 
States from the North Atlantic Treaty in a manner incon-
sistent with this section. 
‘‘(d) CONSIDERATION.—Any resolution or joint reso-
lution introduced relating to any action to suspend, termi-
nate, denounce or withdraw the United States from the 
North Atlantic Treaty and introduced pursuant to sub-
section (a) shall be considered in accordance with the pro-
cedures of section 601(b) of the International Security As-
sistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public 
Law 94–329; 90 Stat. 765). 
‘‘(e) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Any legal counsel 
operating pursuant to section 1299R shall report as soon 
as practicable to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign 
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Relations of the Senate with respect to any judicial pro-
ceedings which the Senate Legal Counsel or the General 
Counsel to the House of Representatives, as the case may 
be, initiates or in which it intervenes pursuant to section 
1299R.’’. 
SEC. 4. SUNSET. 
The amendments made by section 3 of this Act shall 
terminate on September 30, 2033. Section 1250A of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 
(22 U.S.C. 1928f) shall be restored on such date as if 
such amendments had not been enacted and as in effect 
on the day after the date of the amendment of such Act 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024. 
Æ 
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