IV 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 57 
Urging the European Union to maintain its arms embargo on the People’s 
Republic of China. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 1, 2005 
Mr. HYDE
(for himself, Mr. LANTOS, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, and Mr. 
MCCOTTER) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on International Relations 
RESOLUTION 
Urging the European Union to maintain its arms embargo 
on the People’s Republic of China. 
Whereas the United States and the European Union (EU) 
have maintained arms embargoes on the People’s Repub-
lic of China since 1989, following the decision of the Chi-
nese Government on June 4, 1989, to order an 
unprovoked, brutal, and indiscriminate assault on thou-
sands of peaceful and unarmed demonstrators and on-
lookers in and around Tiananmen Square by units of the 
People’s Liberation Army, which resulted in an untold 
number of deaths and several thousand injuries; 
Whereas the People’s Republic of China has yet to acknowl-
edge and make amends for the 1989 massacre at 
Tiananmen Square and an estimated 2,000 Chinese citi-
•HRES 57 IH 
zens remain in prison as a result of their participation 
in those peaceful demonstrations according to the De-
partment of State’s Country Reports on Human Rights 
Practices for 2004; 
Whereas the National Security Strategy of the United States 
approved by President George W. Bush on September 17, 
2002, concludes that the People’s Republic of China re-
mains strongly committed to national one-party rule by 
the Communist Party and is not truly accountable to the 
needs and aspirations of its citizens, while preventing the 
Chinese people to think, assemble, and worship freely; 
Whereas for several years the People’s Republic of China has 
also been engaged in an extensive military buildup in its 
air, naval, land, and outer space systems, including the 
deployment of approximately 500 short range ballistic 
missiles near the Taiwan Strait according to the Depart-
ment of Defense’s Report on the Military Power of the 
People’s Republic of China for Fiscal Year 2004; 
Whereas the military buildup by the People’s Republic of 
China and the strategic doctrines and policies that under-
pin such a buildup remain shrouded in secrecy and imply 
challenges for strategic deterrence between the United 
States and China, United States Armed Forces deployed 
in the Asia and Pacific region, United States commit-
ments and interests related to the defense of numerous 
friends and allies in the region, particularly Taiwan and 
Japan, and regional stability more broadly; 
Whereas the European Union and the People’s Republic of 
China released a joint statement on December 8, 2004, 
following their seventh summit meeting at The Hague in 
which the two sides recognized each other as ‘‘major stra-
tegic partners in the area of disarmament and non-pro-
•HRES 57 IH 
liferation’’ and the EU confirmed its ‘‘political will to 
continue to work towards lifting the EU arms embargo 
against China’’; 
Whereas the European Union and the People’s Republic of 
China also released a joint declaration on non-prolifera-
tion and arms control on December 8, 2004, at The 
Hague in which the EU stated its support for China’s 
entry into the Missile Technology Control Regime 
(MTCR); 
Whereas on December 20, 2004, the Government of the 
United States determined that seven entities of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China, including several entities that 
play major roles in China’s military-industrial complex, 
should be subject to sanctions under section 3 of the Iran 
Nonproliferation Act of 2000, which provides for pen-
alties on entities for the transfer to Iran of certain con-
trolled equipment and technology, reflecting a time span 
of more than a decade in which the United States Gov-
ernment has made repeated determinations regarding 
Chinese firms engaged in illicit transactions involving 
strategic technology; 
Whereas on December 17, 2004, the Council of the European 
Union ‘‘reaffirmed the political will to continue to work 
towards lifting the arms embargo’’ on the People’s Re-
public of China and invited the next Presidency of the 
EU ‘‘to finalize the well-advanced work in order to allow 
for a decision’’; 
Whereas the largest member states of the European Union— 
France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom—have 
steadily increased their arms sales to the People’s Repub-
lic of China, such that from 2002 to 2003 the value of 
reported arms sales to China doubled to approximately
•HRES 57 IH 
$540,000,000, according to the most recent annual re-
port, dated November 11, 2004, of the EU on its Code 
of Conduct on Arms Exports; 
Whereas in order to assist member states of the European 
Union to close the gap in defense capabilities with the 
United States and to enhance the interoperability of the 
armed forces of such member states and United States 
Armed Forces, the United States has provided a frame-
work in its laws, particularly under the Arms Export 
Control Act and chapters 138 and 139 of title 10, United 
States Code, in which the United States has pursued a 
policy of expanded transatlantic armament and defense 
industry cooperation involving increasingly sophisticated 
levels of sensitive United States military technology, 
which becomes subject to increased risks of diversion to 
the People’s Republic of China due to armaments co-
operation between the EU and China; 
Whereas despite the chronically low defense spending of 
member states of the European Union, EU member 
states have decided to develop, with the participation of 
the People’s Republic of China, a new global radio navi-
gational satellite system, known as Galileo, at a cost of 
more than $3,000,000,000, which will have military ap-
plications, even though such system purports to serve 
civil applications already served by the United States 
Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) System; and 
Whereas the United States has numerous national interests 
in the Asia and Pacific region, including the security of 
Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and other key areas, and 
United States Armed Forces which are deployed through-
out the region could be jeopardized by the People’s Re-
public of China because it is increasingly well-armed and
•HRES 57 IH 
may seek to settle long-standing territorial and political 
disputes in the region by the threat or use of military 
force: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) reaffirms the United States arms embargo 
on the People’s Republic of China and related find-
ings and statements of policy set forth in title IX of 
the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal 
Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101–246); 
(2) finds that policies by the United States and 
other countries which promote the development of 
democracy in the People’s Republic of China, and 
not the development of Chinese military capabilities, 
will help assure a stable, peaceful, and prosperous 
Asia and Pacific region; 
(3) deplores the recent increase in arms sales 
by member states of the European Union (EU) to 
the People’s Republic of China and the European 
Council’s decision to finalize work toward lifting its 
arms embargo on China, actions that place Euro-
pean security policy in direct conflict with United 
States security interests and with the security inter-
ests of United States friends and allies in the Asia 
and Pacific region; 
(4) declares that such a development in Euro-
pean security policy is inherently inconsistent with
•HRES 57 IH 
the concept of mutual security interests that lies at 
the heart of United States laws for transatlantic de-
fense cooperation at both the governmental and in-
dustrial levels and would necessitate limitations and 
constraints in these relationships that would be un-
welcome on both sides of the Atlantic; 
(5) requests the President in his forthcoming 
meetings with European leaders to urge that they 
reconsider this unwise course of action and, instead, 
work expeditiously to close any gaps in the Euro-
pean Union’s arms embargo on the People’s Repub-
lic of China, in the national export control systems 
of EU member states, and in the EU’s Code of Con-
duct on Arms Exports in order to prevent any future 
sale of arms or related technology to China; and 
(6) requests the President to inform Congress 
of the outcome of his discussions with European 
leaders on this subject and to keep Congress fully 
and currently informed of all developments in this 
regard. 
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