760 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
issue, and make publicly available, guidance for participa-
tion in a pilot program established pursuant to this sec-
tion. 
(e) INELIGIBILITY.—An establishment subject to in-
spection by the Secretary under the Federal Meat Inspec-
tion Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or operating pursuant 
to a State meat inspection program authorized under sec-
tion 301 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 
661) shall not be eligible to participate in a pilot program 
established pursuant to this section. 
(f) AUTHORITY FOR EMERGENCY ACTION.—If the 
Secretary has credible evidence that a meat product pro-
duced at a custom exempt facility participating in a pilot 
program established pursuant to this section is adulter-
ated, the Secretary— 
(1) shall, pursuant to the Federal Meat Inspec-
tion Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), take such actions 
as may be necessary to address the risk to public 
health posed by such products; and 
(2) may terminate the participation of a custom 
exempt facility in a pilot program established pursu-
ant to this section. 
(g) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
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(1) REPORTS BY STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AG-
RICULTURE TO SECRETARY.—Beginning September 
30, 2026, and each fiscal year thereafter until Sep-
tember 30, 2031, each State department of agri-
culture operating a pilot program pursuant to this 
section shall submit to the Secretary a report detail-
ing, with respect to each such pilot program within 
the relevant State for the preceding fiscal year— 
(A) the number and location of persons or 
custom exempt facilities selling meat products 
under each such pilot program; 
(B) the outcomes of each such pilot pro-
gram; 
(C) any instances in which a meat product 
was subject to an emergency action under sub-
section (f); and 
(D) aggregated data on the volume of 
meat being processed under such pilot program. 
(2) REPORT BY SECRETARY TO CONGRESS.— 
Not later than 2 years after initiating a pilot pro-
gram under this section, the Secretary shall submit 
to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report de-
tailing— 
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(A) the information received from partici-
pating State departments of agriculture under 
paragraph (1); and 
(B) for any custom exempt facilities par-
ticipating in a pilot program established by the 
Secretary pursuant to subsection (a)(2)— 
(i) the number and location of persons 
or custom exempt facilities selling products 
pursuant to such pilot program; 
(ii) the outcomes of such pilot pro-
gram; and 
(iii) any instances in which a meat 
product was subject to an emergency ac-
tion under subsection (f). 
(h) CUSTOM EXEMPT FACILITY DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘custom exempt facility’’ means an es-
tablishment engaged in the slaughter of animals and the 
preparation of the carcasses, parts thereof, meat, and 
meat food products for commerce that is not subject to 
the Federal inspection requirements under title I of the 
Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.). 
(i) SUNSET.—A State and the Secretary may not op-
erate a pilot program under this section on or after Sep-
tember 30, 2031, and no facility that is exempt from in-
spection under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 
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U.S.C. 601 et seq.) pursuant to this section shall be ex-
empt from that inspection on or after September 30, 
2031. 
Subtitle B—Department of Agri-
culture Reorganization Act of 
1994 
SEC. 12201. OFFICE OF HOMELAND SECURITY. 
Section 221 of the Department of Agriculture Reor-
ganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6922) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (8) as 
paragraph (9); and 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (7) the 
following: 
‘‘(8) conducting annual cross-sector crisis sim-
ulation exercises related to a food-related emergency 
or disruption; and’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(f) DETAILEES.—The Secretary may detail employ-
ees of the Department of Agriculture to, and accept em-
ployees detailed from, the intelligence community (as de-
fined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947) 
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to assist in carrying out the duties of the Office of Home-
land Security. 
‘‘(g) RISK ASSESSMENTS AND REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) RISK
ASSESSMENTS.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, 
and National Security Act of 2026, and not less 
than every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
conduct an assessment of risks and security 
vulnerabilities to the food and agriculture critical in-
frastructure sector, including— 
‘‘(A) naturally occurring, unintentional, or 
intentional threats, including chemical, biologi-
cal, cybersecurity, or bioterrorism attacks; 
‘‘(B) influence of state-owned enterprise; 
‘‘(C) control of and access to agricultural 
data; 
‘‘(D) foreign acquisition of intellectual 
property, agricultural assets, and land; 
‘‘(E) agricultural input shortages and de-
pendence on foreign-sourced inputs; 
‘‘(F) supply chain and trade disruptions; 
‘‘(G) science and technology cooperation; 
‘‘(H) unequal investments in research, de-
velopment, and commercialization; 
‘‘(I) incongruent regulatory policies; and 
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‘‘(J) any other vulnerabilities identified by 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(2) BRIEFING AND REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the completion of a risk assessment 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall pro-
vide a briefing on the results of the risk assess-
ment and submit to the Committee on Agri-
culture and the Committee on Homeland Secu-
rity of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and For-
estry and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a re-
port that includes— 
‘‘(i) an assessment of any gaps or lim-
itations in national security efforts related 
to the food and agriculture critical infra-
structure sector; 
‘‘(ii) any actions taken by the Sec-
retary to address any gaps or limitations 
identified 
under 
clause 
(i), 
including 
through interagency coordination, threat 
information sharing, and stakeholder out-
reach; 
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‘‘(iii) any recommendations for admin-
istrative, regulatory, or legislative actions 
that can be taken to reduce any gaps or 
limitations identified under clause (i), in-
cluding— 
‘‘(I) recommendations to reduce 
the dependence on foreign-source in-
puts necessary for the food and agri-
culture critical infrastructure sector; 
and 
‘‘(II) recommendations to ad-
dress the cybersecurity threats to, and 
security vulnerabilities in, the food 
and agriculture critical infrastructure 
sector; and 
‘‘(iv) resources the Secretary requires 
to address current and future national se-
curity vulnerabilities related to the food 
and agriculture critical infrastructure sec-
tor. 
‘‘(B) EXEMPTION FROM ACCESS TO CON-
GRESSIONALLY
MANDATED
REPORTS
ACT.—A 
report required under subparagraph (A) shall 
be exempt from the requirements of the Access 
to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act (sub-
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title D of title VII of Public Law 117–263; 136 
Stat. 3677).’’. 
SEC. 12202. OFFICE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND PUBLIC EN-
GAGEMENT. 
Section 226B(f)(3)(B) of the Department of Agri-
culture 
Reorganization 
Act 
of 
1994 
(7 
U.S.C. 
6934(f)(3)(B)) is amended by striking ‘‘2023’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘2031’’. 
SEC. 12203. BURDEN OF PROOF FOR NATIONAL APPEALS 
DIVISION HEARINGS. 
Section 277(c)(4) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6997(c)(4)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(4) BURDEN
OF
PROOF.—The agency shall 
bear the burden of proving by substantial evidence 
that the adverse decision of the agency was valid.’’. 
SEC. 12204. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY. 
Section 296(b) of the Department of Agriculture Re-
organization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(11) The authority of the Secretary to carry 
out the amendments made to this title by the Farm, 
Food, and National Security Act of 2026.’’. 
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768 
SEC. 12205. FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICE OF TRIBAL RELA-
TIONS. 
Section 309 of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform 
and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6921) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘shall advise’’ and all that 
follows through the period at the end and in-
serting ‘‘shall—’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(1) advise the Secretary on policies related to 
Indian tribes; 
‘‘(2) oversee— 
‘‘(A) each self-determination contract (as 
defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Deter-
mination and Education Assistance Act (25 
U.S.C. 5304)) entered into between the Sec-
retary and a tribal organization; and 
‘‘(B) each self-governance compact (as de-
fined in section 401 of such Act (25 U.S.C. 
5361)) entered into between the Secretary and 
an Indian tribe; and 
‘‘(3) carry out such other functions as the Sec-
retary considers appropriate.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ‘‘this sub-
section’’ and inserting ‘‘this section’’. 
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SEC. 12206. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN. 
Title III of the Federal Crop Insurance Reform and 
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 
U.S.C. 2231b et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘SEC. 310. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall 
establish within the Department an Office of the Ombuds-
man (in this section referred to as the ‘Office’). The Office 
shall be independent of Department agencies and offices. 
‘‘(b) OMBUDSMAN.—The Office shall be headed by an 
Ombudsman that shall— 
‘‘(1) be considered a senior official; and 
‘‘(2) have a background in civil rights enforce-
ment. 
‘‘(c) FUNCTIONS.—The functions of the Office shall 
be to— 
‘‘(1) assist producers and other customers of 
Department programs in navigating the civil rights 
review process; 
‘‘(2) ensure that participants (as defined in sec-
tion 271) are aware of the appeals process under 
subtitle H of title II, including informal hearings 
under section 275; 
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‘‘(3) promote awareness of the Office and its 
responsibilities among producers and other cus-
tomers of Department programs; and 
‘‘(4) raise issues and concerns with respect to, 
and make recommendations to the Secretary about, 
equitable access or implementation of Department 
programs. 
‘‘(d) ACCESS TO INFORMATION.—The Secretary shall 
establish procedures to provide the Ombudsman access to 
all departmental records necessary to execute the func-
tions of the Office under subsection (d) not later than 60 
days after a request from the Ombudsman for such infor-
mation. 
‘‘(e) EFFECT ON PROCEDURES FOR GRIEVANCES, 
APPEALS, OR ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS.—The estab-
lishment of the Office shall not affect any procedures for 
grievances, appeals, or administrative matters in any other 
provision of this Act, any other provision of law, or any 
other Federal regulation. 
‘‘(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—Beginning not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this section, and annu-
ally thereafter, the Ombudsman shall prepare and submit 
to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
and Forestry of the Senate a report on— 
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‘‘(1) the activities carried out by the Office; and 
‘‘(2) the findings and recommendation of the 
Office with respect to equitable access or implemen-
tation of Department programs. 
‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out 
this section for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031.’’. 
Subtitle C—National Security 
SEC. 12301. AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DIS-
CLOSURE IMPROVEMENTS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AFIDA.—The term ‘‘AFIDA’’ means the 
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 
1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). 
(2) FPAC–BC.—The term ‘‘FPAC–BC’’ means 
the Farm Production and Conservation Business 
Center of the Department of Agriculture. 
(b) MOU WITH CFIUS.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter 
into 1 or more memoranda of understanding with the 
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States 
under which the Secretary shall provide the Committee 
with all relevant information relating to reports on foreign 
ownership of United States agricultural land submitted to 
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the Secretary under section 2 of AFIDA (7 U.S.C. 3501), 
including information on— 
(1) each report submitted to the Secretary; and 
(2) with respect to each such report, the iden-
tity of the foreign persons included in the report and 
the date of submission. 
(c) AFIDA HANDBOOK UPDATES.— 
(1) FIRST UPDATE.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall— 
(A) update the most recent version of the 
Farm Service Agency handbook titled ‘‘Foreign 
Investment Disclosure’’ as determined nec-
essary by the Secretary for the effective imple-
mentation of AFIDA; and 
(B) incorporate in such update the rec-
ommendations made by the report of the Gov-
ernment Accountability Office titled ‘‘Foreign 
Investments in U.S. Agricultural Land: En-
hancing Efforts to Collect, Track, and Share 
Key Information Could Better Identify National 
Security Risks’’ and dated January 18, 2024. 
(2) SUBSEQUENT
UPDATES.—After updating 
the handbook described in subparagraph (A) of 
paragraph (1) under that paragraph, the Secretary 
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shall carry out an update of that handbook every 10 
years thereafter, including by incorporating any rec-
ommendations of the Government Accountability Of-
fice. 
(d) CIVIL PENALTIES.—Section 3 of the Agricultural 
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
3502) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-
section (c); 
(2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘(a) If the’’ and all that 
follows through ‘‘Any such civil penalty shall be re-
coverable’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A person shall be subject to a 
civil penalty imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary de-
termines that the person— 
‘‘(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance 
with the provisions of section 2; or 
‘‘(2) has knowingly submitted a report under 
section 2 that— 
‘‘(A) does not contain all the information 
required to be in such report; or 
‘‘(B) contains information that is mis-
leading or false. 
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‘‘(b) CIVIL ACTION.—Any civil penalty imposed by 
the Secretary under subsection (a) shall be recoverable’’; 
and 
(3) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)— 
(A) by striking the subsection designation 
and all that follows through ‘‘The amount’’ and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(c) AMOUNT OF PENALTY.—The amount’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘of this section’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘shall not exceed 25 per-
cent’’ and inserting ‘‘for violations under sub-
section (a)(1) shall not exceed 25 percent, and 
for violations under subsection (a)(2) shall be 
not less than 5 percent, but not more than 25 
percent,’’. 
(e) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE
OF ENFORCEMENT AC-
TIONS.—Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by 
subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(d) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF ENFORCEMENT AC-
TIONS.—The Secretary shall publicly disclose the name of 
each person who paid to the Secretary a civil penalty im-
posed under subsection (a), including, if applicable, after 
the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.’’. 
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(f) PUBLICATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclo-
sure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by sub-
section (c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) OUTREACH.—Using existing resources and ef-
forts to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 
shall carry out a nationwide outreach program directed 
primarily toward landlords, operators, owners, persons, 
producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in sec-
tion 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in 
effect on the date of enactment of the Farm, Food, and 
National Security Act of 2026)) of agricultural land and 
county property appraiser offices, land appraisal compa-
nies, and real estate auction companies to increase public 
awareness and provide education regarding the reporting 
requirements under this Act.’’. 
SEC. 
12302. 
REPORT 
ON 
AGRICULTURAL 
LAND 
PUR-
CHASING ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES 
BY COUNTRIES DESIGNATED AS STATE SPON-
SORS OF TERRORISM AND CERTAIN OTHER 
COUNTRIES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGRICULTURAL LAND.—The term ‘‘agricul-
tural land’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
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tion 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Dis-
closure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508). 
(2) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri-
tion, and Forestry of the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; 
(D) the Committee on Homeland Security 
of the House of Representatives; 
(E) the Committee on Agriculture of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(F) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives. 
(3) COVERED FOREIGN COUNTRY.—The term 
‘‘covered foreign country’’ means a foreign country 
of concern (as defined in section 10638 of the 
CHIPS Act of 2022 (42 U.S.C. 19237)). 
(4) COVERED
FOREIGN
PERSON.—The term 
‘‘covered foreign person’’ means a foreign person (as 
defined in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign In-
vestment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508)) 
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that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as applica-
ble, a covered foreign country. 
(5) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural 
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 3508). 
(6) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 
‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the 
government of which the Secretary of State has de-
termined has repeatedly provided support for acts of 
international terrorism, for purposes of— 
(A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 
Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 
4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 
(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 
(C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con-
trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 
(D) any other provision of law. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter, the Secretary of Agriculture, in coordina-
tion with the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, 
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(D) An analysis of the use of agricultural 
land for industrial espionage or intellectual 
property transfer by covered foreign persons. 
(E) An analysis of the potential use by 
covered foreign persons of agricultural land in 
close proximity to manufacturing facilities, 
water sources, and other critical infrastructure 
to monitor, interrupt, or disrupt activities crit-
ical to the national and economic security of the 
United States. 
(F) An analysis of other threats to the ag-
ricultural industry or national security of the 
United States due to the ownership of agricul-
tural land by covered foreign persons. 
(3) UNCLASSIFIED FORM.—A report submitted 
under this subsection shall— 
(A) be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include a classified annex; and 
(B) be consistent with the protection of in-
telligence sources and methods. 
SEC. 12303. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS. 
(a) INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.—Section 4 of the Agri-
cultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 3503) is amended to read as follows: 
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‘‘SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall appoint an 
employee in the Senior Executive Service (as described in 
section 3131 of title 5, United States Code) of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture to serve as Chief of Operations of In-
vestigative Actions (referred to in this section as the ‘Chief 
of Operations’), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain ad-
ditional employees to monitor compliance with the provi-
sions of this Act. 
‘‘(b) CHIEF OF OPERATIONS.—The Chief of Oper-
ations may serve in such position simultaneously with a 
concurrent position within the Department of Agriculture. 
‘‘(c) SECURITY.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) provide classified storage, meeting, and 
other spaces, as necessary, for personnel of the Chief 
of Operations; and 
‘‘(2) assist such personnel in obtaining security 
clearances. 
‘‘(d) DUTIES.—The Chief of Operations shall— 
‘‘(1) monitor compliance with this Act; 
‘‘(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the 
Secretary, the Farm Service Agency, and any other 
appropriate authority; 
‘‘(3) conduct investigations, in coordination 
with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau 
of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Secu-
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rity, the Department of the Treasury, the National 
Security Council, and State and local law enforce-
ment agencies, on malign efforts— 
‘‘(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and 
technology; or 
‘‘(B) to disrupt the United States agricul-
tural base; 
‘‘(4) conduct an annual audit of the database 
developed under section 12304(b) of the Farm, 
Food, and National Security Act of 2026; 
‘‘(5) seek to enter into memoranda of agree-
ment and memoranda of understanding with the 
Federal agencies described in paragraph (3)— 
‘‘(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; 
and 
‘‘(B) to prevent the malign efforts de-
scribed in that paragraph; 
‘‘(6) refer to the Committee on Foreign Invest-
ment in the United States transactions that— 
‘‘(A) raise potential national security con-
cerns; and 
‘‘(B) result in agricultural land acquisition 
by a foreign person that is a citizen of, or 
headquartered in, as applicable, a foreign entity 
of concern; and 
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‘‘(7) publish annual reports that summarize the 
information contained in every report received by the 
Secretary under section 2 during the period covered 
by the report. 
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATION.—The Chief of Operations 
shall report to— 
‘‘(1) the Secretary; or 
‘‘(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to— 
‘‘(A) the Administrator of the Farm Serv-
ice Agency; or 
‘‘(B) the Director of the Department of 
Agriculture Office of Homeland Security.’’. 
(b) DEFINITION
OF FOREIGN ENTITY
OF CON-
CERN.—Section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘For purposes of this Act—’’ and inserting 
‘‘In this Act:’’; 
(2) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the term’’ and inserting 
‘‘The term’’; and 
(B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the 
text of which comprises the term defined in that 
paragraph; 
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(3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through 
(6) as paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respec-
tively; 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) FOREIGN
ENTITY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘foreign entity of concern’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 9901 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).’’; and 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(5) MALIGN EFFORT.—The term ‘malign ef-
fort’ means any hostile effort undertaken by, at the 
direction of, on behalf of, or with the substantial 
support of the government of a foreign entity of con-
cern.’’. 
SEC. 12304. DIGITIZATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF FOR-
EIGN LAND OWNERSHIP DATA COLLECTION 
AND PUBLICATION. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGRICULTURAL LAND.—The term ‘‘agricul-
tural land’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 781.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations 
(as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). 
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(2) DATABASE.—The term ‘‘database’’ means 
the database developed under subsection (c). 
(3) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-
son’’ has the meaning given the term in section 9 of 
the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act 
of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508). 
(b) DATABASE.—Not later than 3 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop 
a database of agricultural land owned by foreign persons, 
using data that are collected pursuant to the Agricultural 
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 
3501 et seq.). 
(c) CONTENTS.—Each entry in the database for each 
registration or updated registration of agricultural land 
owned or leased by a foreign person shall include pertinent 
information, as determined by the Secretary, in the appli-
cable filing, except it shall not publicly disclose the name 
of the filer and the purchase or lease price of such trans-
action for a period of at least 30 days following such filing. 
(d) AUDIT.—Not later than 180 days after the data-
base is operational, and annually thereafter, the Chief of 
Operations for Investigative Actions appointed under sec-
tion 4 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure 
Act of 1978 (as amended by section 12303(a)) shall— 
(1) conduct an audit of the database; and 
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(2) submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report— 
(A) evaluating the accuracy of the data-
base; and 
(B) describing recommendations for im-
proving compliance with the reporting required 
under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Dis-
closure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). 
(e) REPEAL.—Section 773 of division A of the Con-
solidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (Public Law 117–328) 
is repealed. 
SEC. 12305. CFIUS CONSIDERATION OF CERTAIN AGRICUL-
TURAL LAND TRANSACTIONS. 
(a) INCLUSION
OF
THE
SECRETARY
OF
AGRI-
CULTURE ON THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT 
IN THE UNITED STATES.—Section 721(k) of the Defense 
Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(k)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) INCLUSION OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRI-
CULTURE.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall be a 
member of the Committee with respect to a covered 
transaction that involves— 
‘‘(A) agricultural land; 
‘‘(B) agriculture biotechnology; or 
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‘‘(C) the agriculture industry, including ag-
ricultural transportation, storage, and proc-
essing.’’. 
(b) CONSIDERATION
OF CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL 
LAND TRANSACTIONS.—Section 721(b)(1) of the Defense 
Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(I) CONSIDERATION
OF
CERTAIN
AGRI-
CULTURAL LAND TRANSACTIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—After receiving no-
tification from the Secretary of Agriculture 
of a reportable agricultural land trans-
action, the Committee shall determine— 
‘‘(I) whether the transaction is a 
covered transaction; and 
‘‘(II) if the Committee deter-
mines that the transaction is a cov-
ered transaction, whether the Com-
mittee should initiate a review pursu-
ant to subparagraph (D), or take an-
other action authorized under this sec-
tion, with respect to the reportable ag-
ricultural land transaction. 
‘‘(ii) 
REPORTABLE
AGRICULTURAL 
LAND
TRANSACTION.—In this subpara-
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graph, the term ‘reportable agricultural 
land transaction’ means a transaction— 
‘‘(I) that the Secretary of Agri-
culture has reason to believe is a cov-
ered transaction, based on information 
from or in cooperation with the intel-
ligence community; 
‘‘(II) that involves the acquisition 
of an interest in agricultural land by 
a foreign person of the People’s Re-
public of China, the Democratic Peo-
ple’s Republic of Korea, the Russian 
Federation, or the Islamic Republic of 
Iran; and 
‘‘(III) with respect to which a 
person is required to submit a report 
to the Secretary of Agriculture under 
section 2(a) of the Agricultural For-
eign Investment Disclosure Act of 
1978. 
‘‘(iii) 
SUNSET.—The 
requirements 
under this subparagraph shall terminate, 
with respect to a foreign person of the re-
spective foreign country, on the date that 
the People’s Republic of China, the Demo-
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cratic People’s Republic of Korea, the Rus-
sian Federation, or the Islamic Republic of 
Iran, as the case may be, is removed from 
the list of foreign adversaries in section 
791.4 of title 15, Code of Federal Regula-
tions.’’. 
Subtitle D—Other Miscellaneous 
Provisions 
SEC. 12401. COMMISSION ON FARM TRANSITIONS—NEEDS 
FOR 2050. 
Section 12609 of the Agriculture Improvement Act 
of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 5009) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘There is es-
tablished’’ and inserting ‘‘Not later than 60 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Farm, Food, 
and National Security Act of 2026, the Secretary 
shall establish’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
‘‘AND RECOMMENDATIONS’’ after ‘‘STUDY’’; 
(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by inserting ‘‘, and make recommendations re-
lating to,’’ after ‘‘study on’’; 
(C) in paragraph (1)— 
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(i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 
‘‘and timely’’ after ‘‘affordable’’; and 
(ii) by striking subparagraph (D) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(D) apprenticeships, mentoring programs, 
business training, and technical assistance pro-
grams;’’; 
(D) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A), by striking ‘‘existing and new 
Federal tax policies’’ and inserting ‘‘exist-
ing and new State and Federal policies, in-
cluding tax policies’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
‘‘or impede’’ after ‘‘facilitate’’; 
(E) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(F) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(G) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) heirs’ property and succession of agricul-
tural land; 
‘‘(7) any unique barriers faced by historically 
underserved and women farmers and ranchers in the 
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ability to transfer, inherit, or purchase agricultural 
assets, including land; and 
‘‘(8) leasing and ownership trends, including 
leasing and ownership trends by foreign persons or 
entities.’’; 
(3) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act’’ and inserting ‘‘2 
years after the date of enactment of the Farm, 
Food, and National Security Act of 2026’’; and 
(4) in subsection (m), by striking ‘‘2023’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2031’’. 
SEC. 12402. REPORT ON PERSONNEL. 
Section 12506 of the Agriculture Improvement Act 
of 2018 (Public Law 115–334) is amended by striking 
‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2031’’. 
SEC. 12403. IMPROVEMENTS TO UNITED STATES DROUGHT 
MONITOR. 
Section 12512(d)(2) of the Agriculture Improvement 
Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 5856(d)(2)) is amended by striking 
‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2031’’. 
SEC. 12404. REPORTS ON LAND ACCESS AND FARMLAND 
OWNERSHIP DATA COLLECTION. 
Section 12607 of the Agriculture Improvement Act 
of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 2204i) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
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