188 
carried or delivered by mail unless the ballot is mailed in 
an envelope that— 
‘‘(1) contains a Postal Service barcode (or suc-
cessive service or marking) that enables tracking of 
each individual ballot; 
‘‘(2) satisfies requirements for ballot envelope 
design that the Postal Service may promulgate by 
regulation; 
‘‘(3) satisfies requirements for machineable let-
ters that the Postal Service may promulgate by reg-
ulation; and 
‘‘(4) includes the Official Election Mail Logo 
(or any successor label that the Postal Service may 
establish for ballots).’’. 
(B) APPLICATION.—The amendment made 
by subsection (a) shall apply to any election for 
Federal office occurring after the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
(3) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for chapter 34 of such title is amended by in-
serting after the item relating to section 3406 the 
following: 
‘‘3407. Voting materials; restrictions on operational changes prior to elections.’’. 
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SEC. 9004. STUDY AND REPORT ON VOTE-BY-MAIL PROCE-
DURES. 
(a) STUDY.—The Election Assistance Commission 
shall conduct a study on the 2020 elections and compile 
a list of recommendations to— 
(1) help States transitioning to vote-by-mail 
procedures; and 
(2) improve their current vote-by-mail systems. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than January 1, 2022, the 
Election Assistance Commission shall submit to Congress 
a report on the study conducted under subsection (a). 
TITLE X—ABSENT UNIFORMED 
SERVICES 
VOTERS 
AND 
OVERSEAS VOTERS 
SEC. 10001. PRE-ELECTION REPORTS ON AVAILABILITY 
AND TRANSMISSION OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS. 
Section 102(c) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citi-
zens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(c)) is amend-
ed to read as follows: 
‘‘(c) REPORTS
ON AVAILABILITY, TRANSMISSION, 
AND RECEIPT OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(1) PRE-ELECTION
REPORT
ON
ABSENTEE 
BALLOT AVAILABILITY.—Not later than 55 days be-
fore any regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office, each State shall submit a report to 
the Attorney General, the Election Assistance Com-
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190 
mission (hereafter in this subsection referred to as 
the ‘Commission’), and the Presidential Designee, 
and make that report publicly available that same 
day, certifying that absentee ballots for the election 
are or will be available for transmission to absent 
uniformed services voters and overseas voters by not 
later than 45 days before the election. The report 
shall be in a form prescribed jointly by the Attorney 
General and the Commission and shall require the 
State to certify specific information about ballot 
availability from each unit of local government which 
will administer the election. 
‘‘(2) PRE-ELECTION
REPORT
ON
ABSENTEE 
BALLOT TRANSMISSION.—Not later than 43 days be-
fore any regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office, each State shall submit a report to 
the Attorney General, the Commission, and the 
Presidential Designee, and make that report publicly 
available that same day, certifying whether all ab-
sentee ballots have been transmitted by not later 
than 45 days before the election to all qualified ab-
sent uniformed services and overseas voters whose 
requests were received at least 45 days before the 
election. The report shall be in a form prescribed 
jointly by the Attorney General and the Commission, 
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and shall require the State to certify specific infor-
mation about ballot transmission, including the total 
numbers of ballot requests received and ballots 
transmitted, from each unit of local government 
which will administer the election. 
‘‘(3) POST-ELECTION REPORT ON NUMBER OF 
ABSENTEE
BALLOTS
TRANSMITTED
AND
RE-
CEIVED.—Not later than 90 days after the date of 
each regularly scheduled general election for Federal 
office, each State and unit of local government 
which administered the election shall (through the 
State, in the case of a unit of local government) sub-
mit a report to the Attorney General, the Commis-
sion, and the Presidential Designee on the combined 
number of absentee ballots transmitted to absent 
uniformed services voters and overseas voters for the 
election and the combined number of such ballots 
which were returned by such voters and cast in the 
election, and shall make such report available to the 
general public that same day.’’. 
SEC. 10002. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) AVAILABILITY OF CIVIL PENALTIES AND PRI-
VATE RIGHTS OF ACTION.—Section 105 of the Uniformed 
and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20307) is amended to read as follows: 
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‘‘SEC. 105. ENFORCEMENT. 
‘‘(a) ACTION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may 
bring civil action in an appropriate district court for 
such declaratory or injunctive relief as may be nec-
essary to carry out this title. 
‘‘(2) PENALTY.—In a civil action brought under 
paragraph (1), if the court finds that the State vio-
lated any provision of this title, it may, to vindicate 
the public interest, assess a civil penalty against the 
State— 
‘‘(A) in an amount not to exceed $110,000 
for each such violation, in the case of a first 
violation; or 
‘‘(B) in an amount not to exceed $220,000 
for each such violation, for any subsequent vio-
lation. 
‘‘(3) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 
December 31 of each year, the Attorney General 
shall submit to Congress an annual report on any 
civil action brought under paragraph (1) during the 
preceding year. 
‘‘(b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.—A person who is 
aggrieved by a State’s violation of this title may bring a 
civil action in an appropriate district court for such declar-
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atory or injunctive relief as may be necessary to carry out 
this title. 
‘‘(c) STATE AS ONLY NECESSARY DEFENDANT.—In 
any action brought under this section, the only necessary 
party defendant is the State, and it shall not be a defense 
to any such action that a local election official or a unit 
of local government is not named as a defendant, notwith-
standing that a State has exercised the authority described 
in section 576 of the Military and Overseas Voter Em-
powerment Act to delegate to another jurisdiction in the 
State any duty or responsibility which is the subject of 
an action brought under this section.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to violations alleged 
to have occurred on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
SEC. 10003. REVISIONS TO 45-DAY ABSENTEE BALLOT 
TRANSMISSION RULE. 
(a) REPEAL OF WAIVER AUTHORITY.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 102 of the Uni-
formed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act 
(52 U.S.C. 20302) is amended by striking sub-
section (g). 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
102(a)(8)(A) 
of 
such 
Act 
(52 
U.S.C. 
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20302(a)(8)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘except as 
provided in subsection (g),’’. 
(b) REQUIRING USE OF EXPRESS DELIVERY IN CASE 
OF FAILURE TO MEET REQUIREMENT.—Section 102 of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302), as amended by subsection 
(a), is amended by inserting after subsection (f) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(g) REQUIRING USE OF EXPRESS DELIVERY IN 
CASE
OF FAILURE TO TRANSMIT BALLOTS WITHIN 
DEADLINES.— 
‘‘(1) TRANSMISSION OF BALLOT BY EXPRESS 
DELIVERY.—If a State fails to meet the requirement 
of subsection (a)(8)(A) to transmit a validly re-
quested absentee ballot to an absent uniformed serv-
ices voter or overseas voter not later than 45 days 
before the election (in the case in which the request 
is received at least 45 days before the election)— 
‘‘(A) the State shall transmit the ballot to 
the voter by express delivery; or 
‘‘(B) in the case of a voter who has des-
ignated that absentee ballots be transmitted 
electronically in accordance with subsection 
(f)(1), the State shall transmit the ballot to the 
voter electronically. 
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195 
‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR TRANSMISSION FEWER 
THAN 40 DAYS BEFORE THE ELECTION.—If, in car-
rying out paragraph (1), a State transmits an ab-
sentee ballot to an absent uniformed services voter 
or overseas voter fewer than 40 days before the elec-
tion, the State shall enable the ballot to be returned 
by the voter by express delivery, except that in the 
case of an absentee ballot of an absent uniformed 
services voter for a regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office, the State may satisfy the re-
quirement of this paragraph by notifying the voter 
of the procedures for the collection and delivery of 
such ballots under section 103A. 
‘‘(3) PAYMENT FOR USE OF EXPRESS DELIV-
ERY.—The State shall be responsible for the pay-
ment of the costs associated with the use of express 
delivery for the transmittal of ballots under this sub-
section.’’. 
(c) CLARIFICATION
OF
TREATMENT
OF
WEEK-
ENDS.—Section 102(a)(8)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
20302(a)(8)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘the election;’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘the election (or, if the 45th 
day preceding the election is a weekend or legal public hol-
iday, not later than the most recent weekday which pre-
cedes such 45th day and which is not a legal public holi-
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196 
day, but only if the request is received by at least such 
most recent weekday);’’. 
SEC. 10004. USE OF SINGLE ABSENTEE BALLOT APPLICA-
TION FOR SUBSEQUENT ELECTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 104 of the Uniformed and 
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20306) 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 104. USE OF SINGLE APPLICATION FOR SUBSEQUENT 
ELECTIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If a State accepts and processes 
an official post card form (prescribed under section 101) 
submitted by an absent uniformed services voter or over-
seas voter for simultaneous voter registration and absen-
tee ballot application (in accordance with section 
102(a)(4)) and the voter requests that the application be 
considered an application for an absentee ballot for each 
subsequent election for Federal office held in the State 
through the next regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office (including any runoff elections which may 
occur as a result of the outcome of such general election), 
the State shall provide an absentee ballot to the voter for 
each such subsequent election. 
‘‘(b) EXCEPTION FOR VOTERS CHANGING REGISTRA-
TION.—Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to a 
voter registered to vote in a State for any election held 
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after the voter notifies the State that the voter no longer 
wishes to be registered to vote in the State or after the 
State determines that the voter has registered to vote in 
another State or is otherwise no longer eligible to vote in 
the State. 
‘‘(c) PROHIBITION OF REFUSAL OF APPLICATION ON 
GROUNDS
OF EARLY SUBMISSION.—A State may not 
refuse to accept or to process, with respect to any election 
for Federal office, any otherwise valid voter registration 
application or absentee ballot application (including the 
postcard form prescribed under section 101) submitted by 
an absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter on 
the grounds that the voter submitted the application be-
fore the first date on which the State otherwise accepts 
or processes such applications for that election which are 
submitted by absentee voters who are not members of the 
uniformed services or overseas citizens.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to voter registration 
and absentee ballot applications which are submitted to 
a State or local election official on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
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198 
SEC. 10005. EXTENDING GUARANTEE OF RESIDENCY FOR 
VOTING PURPOSES TO FAMILY MEMBERS OF 
ABSENT MILITARY PERSONNEL. 
Section 102 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens 
Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(j) GUARANTEE OF RESIDENCY FOR SPOUSES AND 
DEPENDENTS
OF ABSENT MEMBERS
OF UNIFORMED 
SERVICE.—For the purposes of voting for in any election 
for any Federal office or any State or local office, a spouse 
or dependent of an individual who is an absent uniformed 
services voter described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of sec-
tion 107(1) shall not, solely by reason of that individual’s 
absence and without regard to whether or not such spouse 
or dependent is accompanying that individual— 
‘‘(1) be deemed to have lost a residence or 
domicile in that State, without regard to whether or 
not that individual intends to return to that State; 
‘‘(2) be deemed to have acquired a residence or 
domicile in any other State; or 
‘‘(3) be deemed to have become a resident in or 
a resident of any other State.’’. 
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199 
SEC. 10006. REQUIRING TRANSMISSION OF BLANK ABSEN-
TEE BALLOTS UNDER UOCAVA TO CERTAIN 
VOTERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Uniformed and Overseas 
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.) 
is amended by inserting after section 103B the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 103C. TRANSMISSION OF BLANK ABSENTEE BALLOTS 
TO CERTAIN OTHER VOTERS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) STATE RESPONSIBILITIES.—Subject to the 
provisions of this section, each State shall transmit 
blank absentee ballots electronically to qualified indi-
viduals who request such ballots in the same manner 
and under the same terms and conditions under 
which the State transmits such ballots electronically 
to absent uniformed services voters and overseas vot-
ers under the provisions of section 102(f), except 
that no such marked ballots shall be returned elec-
tronically. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—Any blank absentee bal-
lot transmitted to a qualified individual under this 
section— 
‘‘(A) must comply with the language re-
quirements under section 203 of the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503); and 
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200 
‘‘(B) must comply with the disability re-
quirements under section 508 of the Rehabilita-
tion Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794d). 
‘‘(3) AFFIRMATION.—The State may not trans-
mit a ballot to a qualified individual under this sec-
tion unless the individual provides the State with a 
signed affirmation in electronic form that— 
‘‘(A) the individual is a qualified individual 
(as defined in subsection (b)); 
‘‘(B) the individual has not and will not 
cast another ballot with respect to the election; 
and 
‘‘(C) 
acknowledges 
that 
a 
material 
misstatement of fact in completing the ballot 
may constitute grounds for conviction of per-
jury. 
‘‘(4) CLARIFICATION REGARDING FREE POST-
AGE.—An absentee ballot obtained by a qualified in-
dividual under this section shall be considered bal-
loting materials as defined in section 107 for pur-
poses of section 3406 of title 39, United States 
Code. 
‘‘(5) PROHIBITING REFUSAL TO ACCEPT BAL-
LOT
FOR
FAILURE
TO
MEET
CERTAIN
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—A State shall not refuse to accept and 
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201 
process any otherwise valid blank absentee ballot 
which was transmitted to a qualified individual 
under this section and used by the individual to vote 
in the election solely on the basis of the following: 
‘‘(A) Notarization or witness signature re-
quirements. 
‘‘(B) Restrictions on paper type, including 
weight and size. 
‘‘(C) Restrictions on envelope type, includ-
ing weight and size. 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED INDIVIDUAL.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, except as 
provided in paragraph (2), the term ‘qualified indi-
vidual’ means any individual who is otherwise quali-
fied to vote in an election for Federal office and who 
meets any of the following requirements: 
‘‘(A) The individual— 
‘‘(i) has previously requested an ab-
sentee ballot from the State or jurisdiction 
in which such individual is registered to 
vote; and 
‘‘(ii) has not received such absentee 
ballot at least 2 days before the date of the 
election. 
‘‘(B) The individual— 
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202 
‘‘(i) resides in an area of a State with 
respect to which an emergency or public 
health emergency has been declared by the 
chief executive of the State or of the area 
involved within 5 days of the date of the 
election under the laws of the State due to 
reasons including a natural disaster, in-
cluding severe weather, or an infectious 
disease; and 
‘‘(ii) has not previously requested an 
absentee ballot. 
‘‘(C) The individual expects to be absent 
from such individual’s jurisdiction on the date 
of the election due to professional or volunteer 
service in response to a natural disaster or 
emergency as described in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(D) The individual is hospitalized or ex-
pects to be hospitalized on the date of the elec-
tion. 
‘‘(E) The individual is an individual with a 
disability (as defined in section 3 of the Ameri-
cans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
12102)) and resides in a State which does not 
offer voters the ability to use secure and acces-
sible remote ballot marking. For purposes of 
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203 
this subparagraph, a State shall permit an indi-
vidual to self-certify that the individual is an in-
dividual with a disability. 
‘‘(2) EXCLUSION OF ABSENT UNIFORMED SERV-
ICES AND OVERSEAS VOTERS.—The term ‘qualified 
individual’ shall not include an absent uniformed 
services voter or an overseas voter. 
‘‘(c) STATE.—For purposes of this section, the term 
‘State’ includes the District of Columbia, the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the 
United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office held in November 2022 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 102(a) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 20302(a)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(10); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (11) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
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204 
‘‘(12) meet the requirements of section 103C 
with respect to the provision of blank absentee bal-
lots for the use of qualified individuals described in 
such section.’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended by inserting the following after 
section 103: 
‘‘Sec. 103A. Procedures for collection and delivery of marked absentee ballots 
of absent overseas uniformed services voters. 
‘‘Sec. 103B. Federal voting assistance program improvements. 
‘‘Sec. 103C. Transmission of blank absentee ballots to certain other voters.’’. 
SEC. 10007. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REPORT ON VOTER 
DISENFRANCHISEMENT. 
Not later than 1 year of enactment of this Act, the 
Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the 
impact of wide-spread mail-in voting on the ability of ac-
tive duty military servicemembers to vote, how quickly 
their votes are counted, and whether higher volumes of 
mail-in votes makes it harder for such individuals to vote 
in federal elections. 
SEC. 10008. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
Except as provided in section 10002(b) and section 
10004(b), the amendments made by this title shall apply 
with respect to elections occurring on or after January 1, 
2022. 
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TITLE XI—POLL WORKER 
RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING 
SEC. 11001. GRANTS TO STATES FOR POLL WORKER RE-
CRUITMENT AND TRAINING. 
(a) GRANTS
BY ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMIS-
SION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Election Assistance 
Commission (hereafter referred to as the ‘‘Commis-
sion’’) shall, subject to the availability of appropria-
tions provided to carry out this section, make a 
grant to each eligible State for recruiting and train-
ing individuals to serve as poll workers on dates of 
elections for public office. 
(2) USE OF COMMISSION MATERIALS.—In car-
rying out activities with a grant provided under this 
section, the recipient of the grant shall use the man-
ual prepared by the Commission on successful prac-
tices for poll worker recruiting, training and reten-
tion as an interactive training tool, and shall develop 
training programs with the participation and input 
of experts in adult learning. 
(3) 
ACCESS
AND
CULTURAL
CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—The Commission shall ensure that the 
manual described in paragraph (2) provides training 
in methods that will enable poll workers to provide 
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206 
access and delivery of services in a culturally com-
petent manner to all voters who use their services, 
including those with limited English proficiency, di-
verse cultural and ethnic backgrounds, disabilities, 
and regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or gen-
der identity. These methods must ensure that each 
voter will have access to poll worker services that are 
delivered in a manner that meets the unique needs 
of the voter. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR ELIGIBILITY.— 
(1) APPLICATION.—Each State that desires to 
receive a payment under this section shall submit an 
application for the payment to the Commission at 
such time and in such manner and containing such 
information as the Commission shall require. 
(2) CONTENTS OF APPLICATION.—Each appli-
cation submitted under paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) describe the activities for which assist-
ance under this section is sought; 
(B) provide assurances that the funds pro-
vided under this section will be used to supple-
ment and not supplant other funds used to 
carry out the activities; 
(C) provide assurances that the State will 
furnish the Commission with information on the 
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number of individuals who served as poll work-
ers after recruitment and training with the 
funds provided under this section; 
(D) provide assurances that the State will 
dedicate poll worker recruitment efforts with re-
spect to youth and minors, including by recruit-
ing at institutions of higher education and sec-
ondary education; and 
(E) provide such additional information 
and certifications as the Commission deter-
mines to be essential to ensure compliance with 
the requirements of this section. 
(c) AMOUNT OF GRANT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amount of a grant 
made to a State under this section shall be equal to 
the product of— 
(A) the aggregate amount made available 
for grants to States under this section; and 
(B) the voting age population percentage 
for the State. 
(2) VOTING AGE POPULATION PERCENTAGE DE-
FINED.—In paragraph (1), the ‘‘voting age popu-
lation percentage’’ for a State is the quotient of— 
(A) the voting age population of the State 
(as determined on the basis of the most recent 
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208 
information available from the Bureau of the 
Census); and 
(B) the total voting age population of all 
States (as determined on the basis of the most 
recent information available from the Bureau of 
the Census). 
(d) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 
(1) REPORTS BY RECIPIENTS OF GRANTS.—Not 
later than 6 months after the date on which the 
final grant is made under this section, each recipient 
of a grant shall submit a report to the Commission 
on the activities conducted with the funds provided 
by the grant. 
(2) REPORTS BY COMMISSION.—Not later than 
1 year after the date on which the final grant is 
made under this section, the Commission shall sub-
mit a report to Congress on the grants made under 
this section and the activities carried out by recipi-
ents with the grants, and shall include in the report 
such recommendations as the Commission considers 
appropriate. 
(e) FUNDING.— 
(1) CONTINUING AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNT AP-
PROPRIATED.—Any amount appropriated to carry 
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215 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20506(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub-
paragraph (A); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
subparagraph (B) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) each institution of higher education 
which has a program participation agreement in 
effect with the Secretary of Education under 
section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094), other than an institu-
tion which is treated as a contributing agency 
under the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 
2021.’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (6)(A), by inserting ‘‘or, in 
the case of an institution of higher education, with 
each registration of a student for enrollment in a 
course of study, including enrollment in a program 
of distance education, as defined in section 103(7) 
of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1003(7)),’’ after ‘‘assistance,’’. 
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222 
‘‘(2) METHODS OF NOTIFICATION.—The State 
shall notify an individual under subparagraph (A) of 
paragraph (1) by mail, telephone, and (if available) 
text message and electronic mail, taking into consid-
eration factors which include the linguistic pref-
erences of voters in the jurisdiction. 
‘‘(3) PLACEMENT OF SIGNS AT CLOSED POLL-
ING PLACES.—If a location which served as a polling 
place in an election for Federal office does not serve 
as a polling place in the next election for Federal of-
fice held in the jurisdiction involved, the State shall 
ensure that signs are posted at such location on the 
date of the election and during any early voting pe-
riod for the election containing the following infor-
mation, taking into consideration factors which in-
clude the linguistic preferences of voters in the juris-
diction: 
‘‘(A) A statement that the location is not 
serving as a polling place in the election. 
‘‘(B) The locations serving as polling 
places in the election in the jurisdiction in-
volved. 
‘‘(C) Contact information, including a tele-
phone number and website, for the appropriate 
State or local election official through which an 
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