107 
(D) rates of spread and numbers and types 
of pathways of spread of new populations of the 
aquatic invasive species and an estimation of 
the potential spread and distribution of newly 
introduced invasive species based on their envi-
ronmental requirements and historical distribu-
tion; 
(E) documentation of factors that influ-
ence an ecosystem’s vulnerability to a nonnative 
aquatic species becoming invasive; 
(F) a description of the potential for, and 
impacts of, pathway management programs on 
invasion rates; 
(G) recommendations for improvements in 
the effectiveness of pathway management; 
(H) to the extent practical, a determina-
tion of the level of reduction in live organisms 
of various taxonomic groups required to reduce 
the risk of establishment to receiving aquatic 
ecosystems to an acceptable level; and 
(I) an evaluation of the effectiveness of 
management actions (including any standard) 
at preventing nonnative species introductions 
and establishment. 
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108 
(b) RESEARCH TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF THE 
ESTABLISHMENT OF INTRODUCED SPECIES.—Within 2 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the ad-
ministering agencies shall develop a profile, based on the 
general characteristics of invasive species and vulnerable 
ecosystems, in order to predict, to the extent practical, 
whether a species planned for importation is likely to in-
vade a particular aquatic ecosystem if introduced. In de-
veloping the profile, the above agencies shall analyze the 
research conducted under section 144, and other research 
as necessary, to determine general species and ecosystem 
characteristics (taking into account the opportunity for in-
troduction into any ecosystem) and circumstances that can 
lead to establishment. Based on the profile, the Task 
Force shall make recommendations to the Invasive Species 
Council as to what planned importations of nonnative 
aquatic organisms should be restricted. This profile shall 
be peer-reviewed. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for carrying out this sec-
tion and section 144, and section 1102(b)(2) of the Non-
indigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act 
of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 4712(b)(2)) for each of the fiscal years 
2010 through 2014— 
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109 
(1) $4,000,000 for the Smithsonian Environ-
mental Research Center; 
(2) $11,000,000 for the United States Geologi-
cal Survey (including activities through the Coopera-
tive Fish and Wildlife Research Program), of which 
$6,500,000 shall be for the grant program under 
section 144(e), and of which $500,000 shall be for 
developing, maintaining, and updating the database 
under section 144(i); and 
(3) $10,500,000 for the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration, of which $6,500,000 
shall be for the grant program under section 144(e). 
SEC. 146. DISSEMINATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Invasive Species Council, in 
coordination with the Task Force and the administering 
agencies, shall be responsible for disseminating the infor-
mation collected under this Act to the public, including 
Federal, State, and local entities, relevant policymakers, 
and private researchers with responsibility over or interest 
in aquatic invasive species. 
(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 3 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Invasive 
Species Council shall report actions and findings under 
section 145 to the Congress, and shall update this report 
once every 3 years thereafter, or more often as necessary. 
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(c) RESPONSE STRATEGY.—The Invasive Species 
Council, in coordination with the Task Force, the admin-
istering agencies, and other appropriate Federal and State 
agencies, shall develop and implement a national strategy 
for how information collected under this Act will be shared 
with Federal, State, and local entities with responsibility 
for determining response to the introduction of potentially 
invasive aquatic species, to enable those entities to better 
and more rapidly respond to such introductions. 
(d) PATHWAY PRACTICES.—The Invasive Species 
Council, in coordination with the Task Force and the ad-
ministering agencies, shall disseminate information to, 
and develop an ongoing educational program for, pathway 
users (including vendors and customers) on how their 
practices could be modified to prevent the intentional or 
unintentional introduction of nonnative aquatic species 
into aquatic ecosystems. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the 
Interior for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2014 
$500,000 for the Invasive Species Council for carrying out 
this section. 
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