I 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 9671 
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and development 
activities of artificial intelligence at the Department of Energy, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 18, 2024 
Mr. WILLIAMS of New York (for himself and Ms. BONAMICI) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology 
A BILL 
To provide guidance for and investment in the research and 
development activities of artificial intelligence at the De-
partment of Energy, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Energy 
Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024’’. 
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SEC. 2. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title LV of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act of 2021 
(Public Law 116–283) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘TITLE 
LV—DEPARTMENT 
OF 
ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE 
RESEARCH 
PRO-
GRAM 
‘‘Sec. 5501. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research program. 
‘‘Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing re-
sources. 
‘‘SEC. 5501. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
cross-cutting research and development program to ad-
vance artificial intelligence tools, systems, capabilities, and 
workforce needs and develop artificial intelligence capabili-
ties for the purposes of advancing the missions of the De-
partment (in this section referred to as the ‘program’). 
In carrying out such program, the Secretary shall coordi-
nate across all relevant offices and programs of the De-
partment, including the Office of Science, the Office of 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Office of 
Nuclear Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office 
of Electricity, the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Secu-
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rity, Emergency Response, and the Advanced Research 
Projects Agency-Energy. 
‘‘(b) RESEARCH AREAS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall award financial assistance to eli-
gible entities to carry out research projects on topics in-
cluding the following: 
‘‘(1) The application of artificial intelligence 
systems to improve large-scale simulations of natural 
and other phenomena. 
‘‘(2) The study of applied mathematics, com-
puter science, and statistics, including foundations 
of methods and systems of artificial intelligence, 
causal and statistical inference, and the development 
of algorithms for artificial intelligence systems. 
‘‘(3) The analysis of existing and new large- 
scale datasets from science and engineering experi-
ments and simulations, including energy simulations 
and sponsored research activities, and, as deter-
mined by the Secretary, other priorities of the De-
partment that utilize artificial intelligence tools and 
techniques. 
‘‘(4) The development of operation and control 
systems that enhance automated, intelligent deci-
sion-making capabilities. 
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‘‘(5) The development of advanced computing 
hardware and computer architecture tailored to arti-
ficial intelligence systems, including the following: 
‘‘(A) The codesign of software and com-
putational hardware. 
‘‘(B) Energy-efficient computing hardware 
and algorithms for artificial intelligence train-
ing and inference. 
‘‘(C) Mechanisms to improve the energy ef-
ficiency of data centers, including relevant en-
ergy efficiency benchmarks for such centers. 
‘‘(6) The aggregation, curation, and distribu-
tion of standardized datasets for emerging artificial 
intelligence research fields and applications, includ-
ing methods for addressing data scarcity. 
‘‘(7) The development of advanced artificial in-
telligence systems for pressing scientific, energy, and 
national security applications. 
‘‘(8) The development of trustworthy artificial 
intelligence systems, including the following: 
‘‘(A) Algorithmic explainability. 
‘‘(B) Analytical methods for identifying 
and mitigating bias in artificial intelligence sys-
tems. 
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‘‘(C) Safety and robustness, including as-
surance, verification, validation, security, and 
control. 
‘‘(c) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.—In carrying out the 
program, the Secretary shall support technology transfer 
of artificial intelligence systems for the benefit of society 
and United States economic competitiveness. 
‘‘(d) FACILITY USE AND UPGRADES.—In carrying 
out the program, the Secretary shall carry out the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) Make available high-performance com-
puting infrastructure at National Laboratories for 
the development and use of advanced artificial intel-
ligence systems. 
‘‘(2) Make any upgrades necessary to enhance 
the use of existing computing facilities for artificial 
intelligence systems, including upgrades to hardware 
and other resources necessary for developing, train-
ing, and evaluating advanced artificial intelligence 
technologies. 
‘‘(3) Establish new computing capabilities nec-
essary to manage data and conduct high perform-
ance computing that enables the development and 
use of advanced artificial intelligence systems. 
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‘‘(4) Maintain and improve, as needed, net-
working infrastructure, data input and output mech-
anisms, and data analysis, storage, and service capa-
bilities. 
‘‘(5) Facilitate the development of unclassified 
and classified high-performance computing systems 
and artificial intelligence platforms through Depart-
ment-owned infrastructure data and computing fa-
cilities. 
‘‘(6) Provide other resources necessary for the 
Department to develop, train, and evaluate advanced 
artificial intelligence systems and related tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(e) TESTBEDS FOR NEXT-GENERATION COMPUTING 
PLATFORMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall establish at least one data 
center testbed for the development and assessment 
of hardware and algorithms for energy-efficient and 
energy-flexible artificial intelligence training and in-
ference. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the testbed 
established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
carry out the following: 
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‘‘(A) Test and evaluate new software, 
hardware, codesign of hardware and software, 
algorithms, networking, and other artificial in-
telligence-based technologies and applications to 
improve energy efficiency across the artificial 
intelligence ecosystem. 
‘‘(B) 
Carry 
out 
cooperative 
research 
projects with industry, including end user com-
panies, hardware systems vendors, artificial in-
telligence developers, data center developers and 
operators, energy utilities, and other appro-
priate stakeholders. 
‘‘(f) AGGREGATION, CURATION, AND DISTRIBUTION 
OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING DATASETS.—In 
carrying out activities described in subsection (b)(6), the 
Secretary shall develop methods, platforms, protocols, and 
other tools required for efficient, responsible, and effective 
aggregation, generation, curation, and distribution of arti-
ficial intelligence training and inference datasets, includ-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) Assembling, aggregating, and curating 
large-scale training data for advanced artificial intel-
ligence systems, including outputs from research 
programs of the Department and other open science 
data, with the goal of developing comprehensive sci-
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entific artificial intelligence training databases and 
testing and validation data. 
‘‘(2) Developing dataset documentation and 
metadata protocols and visualization tools, taking 
into account appropriate standards and guidelines to 
promote interoperability and consistency in docu-
mentation. 
‘‘(3) Developing and implementing appropriate 
data management plans for the ethical, responsible, 
and secure use of classified and unclassified sci-
entific data. 
‘‘(4) Identifying, curating, and safely distrib-
uting, as appropriate based on the application, the 
following: 
‘‘(A) Scientific and experimental depart-
mental datasets. 
‘‘(B) Sponsored research activities that are 
needed for the training of foundational and 
adapted downstream artificial intelligence sys-
tems. 
‘‘(5) Partnering with stakeholders to curate 
critical datasets that reside outside the Department 
but are determined by the Secretary to be critical to 
optimizing the capabilities of advanced artificial in-
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telligence systems relevant to the missions of the De-
partment. 
‘‘(g) DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED ARTIFICIAL IN-
TELLIGENCE SYSTEMS FOR PRESSING SCIENTIFIC, EN-
ERGY, AND NATIONAL SECURITY APPLICATIONS.—In car-
rying out subsection (b)(7), the Secretary shall carry out 
the following: 
‘‘(1) Develop innovative concepts in applied 
mathematics, computer science, engineering, and 
other science disciplines needed for advanced artifi-
cial intelligence systems. 
‘‘(2) Develop best-in-class advanced artificial in-
telligence systems, model derivatives that support 
downstream use cases, and other technologies to 
solve pressing scientific, energy, and national secu-
rity challenges. 
‘‘(3) Carry out cooperative research projects 
with industry, including end user companies, hard-
ware systems vendors, and artificial intelligence soft-
ware companies, to advance artificial intelligence 
technologies relevant to the missions of the Depart-
ment and mitigate risks associated with such tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(4) In coordination with the Secretary of Com-
merce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, re-
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search counter-adversarial artificial intelligence solu-
tions to predict, prevent, mitigate, and respond to 
threats to critical infrastructure, energy security, 
and nuclear nonproliferation, and biological and 
chemical threats. 
‘‘(5) In coordination with energy utilities, State 
energy offices, data center developers and operators, 
and other key stakeholders the Secretary determines 
appropriate, carry out research to examine how arti-
ficial intelligence technologies may be impacted by or 
applied to energy supply bottlenecks, energy demand 
projections, site reliability challenges, and data cen-
ter operational flexibilities. 
‘‘(6) Establish crosscutting research efforts to 
understand and mitigate artificial intelligence-related 
risks, including the establishment of unclassified and 
classified data platforms across the Department. 
‘‘(h) SHARED RESOURCES FOR ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program, 
the Secretary shall identify, support, and sustain 
shared resources and enabling tools that have the 
potential to accelerate the pace of scientific discovery 
and technological innovation with respect to the mis-
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sions of the Department relating to science, energy, 
and national security. 
‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out para-
graph (1), the Secretary shall consult with relevant 
experts in the Federal Government, industry, energy 
utilities, academia, State energy offices, and the Na-
tional Laboratories. 
‘‘(3) FOCUS.—Shared resources and enabling 
tools referred to in paragraph (1) shall include the 
following: 
‘‘(A) Scientific data and knowledge bases 
for training artificial intelligence systems. 
‘‘(B) Benchmarks and competitions for 
evaluating advances in artificial intelligence sys-
tems. 
‘‘(C) Platform technologies that lower the 
cost of generating training data or enable the 
generation of training data. 
‘‘(D) High-performance computing, includ-
ing hybrid computing systems that integrate ar-
tificial intelligence and high-performance com-
puting. 
‘‘(E) The combination of artificial intel-
ligence and scientific automation, such as cloud 
labs and self-driving labs. 
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‘‘(F) Tools that enable artificial intel-
ligence to solve inverse design problems. 
‘‘(G) Testbeds for accelerating progress at 
the intersection of artificial intelligence and 
cyberphysical systems. 
‘‘(H) Testbeds for testing and evaluating 
artificial intelligence-based technologies and ap-
plications to improve energy efficiency across 
artificial intelligence systems, in accordance 
with subsection (e). 
‘‘(4) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure coordination with, and avoid un-
necessary duplication of, activities to provide shared 
resources with the National Science Foundation, the 
agencies participating in the Interagency Committee 
established under section 5103 of this Act, and the 
Networking and Information Technology Research 
and Development Program authorized under section 
101 of the High Performance Computing Act of 
1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511). 
‘‘(i) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTI-
TUTES.—The Secretary shall support on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis not fewer than two multidisciplinary 
artificial intelligence research institutes pursuant to sec-
tion 5201 of this Act. 
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