census tract or adjacent census tracts com-
bined. 
(iv) There is a higher-than-national- 
average population in the census tract of 
vulnerable or sensitive individuals who may 
be at greater risk than the general popu-
lation of adverse health effects from expo-
sure to 1 or more air pollutants for which 
national ambient air quality standards 
have been established under section 109 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409). 
(2) SITING DETERMINATIONS.—In determining 
and approving sites for NCore multipollutant moni-
toring stations required to be deployed under sub-
section (a)(1), the Administrator shall— 
(A) invite proposals from or on behalf of 
residents of any community for the siting of the 
stations in that community, which may include 
inviting proposals through regional or virtual 
meetings; 
(B) prioritize siting of the stations in cen-
sus tracts or counties based on— 
(i) the potential for the levels of 1 or 
more air pollutants to be monitored by the 
stations to reach or exceed the level of the 
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applicable national ambient air quality 
standard established under section 109 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409), in-
cluding evidence of relevant industrial ac-
tivity or nearby exceedances; 
(ii) the number of people who live, 
work, attend school, or recreate in the area 
or areas for which monitoring by the sta-
tions is reasonably anticipated to be rep-
resentative with respect to air quality and 
the proportion of those people who are at 
higher risk than the general population of 
adverse health effects from the air pollut-
ants monitored; 
(iii) the lack or inadequacy of existing 
air quality monitors for providing rep-
resentative air quality data for the affected 
area or areas for the pollutants to be 
measured by the station; and 
(iv) the current designation of the 
area in which the monitoring station would 
be located as unclassifiable or in attain-
ment for 1 or more of the pollutants to be 
monitored by that station; and 
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(C) prior to making siting determina-
tions— 
(i) hold at least 1 public hearing in or 
near each proposed siting location; 
(ii) provide public notice of the pro-
posed siting locations and the hearings re-
quired under clause (i)— 
(I) in the Federal Register; 
(II) by email to persons who have 
requested notice of proposed siting de-
terminations; 
(III) by news release; and 
(IV) by posting on the public 
website of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency; 
(iii) provide an opportunity for public 
comment for not less than 60 days after 
the date of publication of the notice re-
quired under clause (ii) in the Federal 
Register; and 
(iv) publish online an explanation and 
record for the siting decisions of the Ad-
ministrator. 
(3) RELIANCE ON HYBRID METHODS.—In de-
termining under paragraph (2)(B)(i) the potential 
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for an air pollutant to reach or exceed the level of 
the applicable standard, the Administrator may rely 
on hybrid methods that combine information from 
multiple sources, including monitors, sensors, mod-
eling, and satellites. 
(e) ADDITIONAL AMBIENT MONITORS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall de-
ploy not fewer than 100 additional Federal reference 
method monitors or Federal equivalent method mon-
itors for 1 or more air pollutants for which national 
ambient air quality standards have been established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409) in areas— 
(A) that are unmonitored or undermon-
itored, as determined by the Administrator; and 
(B) within which the Administrator deter-
mines, after public notice and comment, that 
adding those monitors is warranted— 
(i) to detect whether the area is in 
nonattainment of the applicable national 
ambient air quality standards; and 
(ii) to improve the publicly available 
data on air quality for 1 or more of those 
air pollutants (or precursors to those air 
pollutants). 
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(2) SITING
DETERMINATIONS.—In approving 
sites for new Federal reference method monitors or 
Federal equivalent method monitors required under 
this subsection, the Administrator shall prioritize 
siting of the stations in census tracts or counties in 
accordance with subsection (d)(2)(B). 
(3) RELATION TO PREVIOUSLY DEPLOYED OR 
PLANNED MONITORS.—The Federal reference meth-
od monitors required under this subsection shall be 
in addition to, and not in lieu of, any monitors al-
ready deployed or planned for deployment by the 
Administrator, any State, any other governmental 
entity, or any other entity prior to the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
(f) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall— 
(1) in coordination with the States, complete an 
assessment, which includes public input, on the sta-
tus of all ambient air quality monitors that are part 
of Federal, State, or local networks and used for de-
termining compliance with national ambient air 
quality standards, which shall identify— 
(A) each monitor that is not operating 
properly and that needs to be repaired or re-
placed; and 
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(B) each monitor that is past the end of 
its ordinary useful life; and 
(2) submit to Congress and make available on 
the public website of the Environmental Protection 
Agency a report that includes— 
(A) a list of all monitors identified under 
paragraph (1); and 
(B) a schedule and plan to restore to prop-
er operation or replace all monitors included in 
the list under paragraph (1)(A) and to replace 
all monitors included on the list under para-
graph (1)(B), with all restorations and replace-
ments to be completed not later than 40 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
except that the schedule and plan shall not 
apply to monitors— 
(i) that have been discontinued in ac-
cordance with section 58.14(c) of title 40, 
Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
on the date of enactment of this Act); and 
(ii)(I) for which such discontinuation 
is not subject to a judicial challenge; or 
(II) for which a judicial challenge de-
scribed in subclause (I) has been fully re-
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solved by a settlement or order that au-
thorizes discontinuation of the monitor. 
(g) DESIGNATIONS.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date on which data are received from a monitor sited pur-
suant to this section that demonstrate that an area des-
ignated by the Administrator pursuant to paragraph (1) 
of section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7407(d)) as in attainment or unclassifiable for an air pol-
lutant is not meeting or is contributing to air quality in 
a nearby area that does not meet 1 or more applicable 
national ambient air quality standards, the Administrator 
shall redesignate pursuant to paragraph (3) of that section 
that area as in nonattainment for that pollutant unless 
the designation is otherwise precluded under this Act. 
(h) SATELLITE MONITORING.— 
(1) DEFINITION
OF
DESIGN
VALUE.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘‘design value’’ means, for each 
pollutant, the air quality statistic the Administrator 
defines in part 50 (including appendices) of title 40, 
Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the 
date of enactment of this Act), for comparison with 
the relevant national ambient air quality standard 
established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7409), regardless of whether the regula-
tion (including appendices) in part 50 of title 40, 
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Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the 
date of enactment of this Act), uses the term ‘‘de-
sign value’’. 
(2) SATELLITE MONITORING DATA.— 
(A) PROVISION OF SATELLITE DATA.—The 
Administrator shall consult with the Adminis-
trator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration on methods to facilitate the use 
of data from the satellites of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration or other enti-
ties for use in calculating design values under 
any national ambient air quality standards for 
PM10, PM2.5, ozone, and oxides of nitrogen for 
purposes of determining compliance or non-
compliance with the national ambient air qual-
ity standards for those pollutants. 
(B) REGULATIONS REQUIRED.—Not later 
than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall, after public 
notice in the Federal Register and a public 
comment period of not less than 60 days, pro-
mulgate regulations to specify procedures (in-
cluding any modeling techniques) for using data 
described in subparagraph (A) in combination 
with information from multiple sources, includ-
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ing monitors and modeling, to calculate the ex-
pected number of exceedances per year and the 
design values for PM10, PM2.5, ozone, and ox-
ides of nitrogen for purposes of determining 
compliance or noncompliance with the national 
ambient air quality standards for those pollut-
ants. 
(3) NATIONAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
RE-
PORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may 
enter into an arrangement with the National 
Academy of Sciences under which the National 
Academy of Sciences agrees to submit a report 
that describes the actions necessary, including 
new science and satellite assets, to enable the 
contribution of satellite monitoring to the cal-
culation of design values and nonattainment de-
terminations under any national ambient air 
quality standards for ozone and oxides of sulfur 
established under section 109 of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7409). 
(B) REGULATIONS REQUIRED.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in coordination 
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with the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration and 
the Administrator of the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration, shall, 
after public notice in the Federal Register 
and a public comment period of not less 
than 60 days, promulgate regulations that 
provide a plan for the use of satellite moni-
toring data in calculating design values for 
the pollutants described in subparagraph 
(A). 
(ii) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 
January 1, 2028, the Administrator shall 
implement the plan required by clause (i) 
and provide for use of satellite data in cal-
culating design values for the pollutants 
described in subparagraph (A). 
(i) MONITORING PLANS.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Administrator may not approve a 
State monitoring plan under section 58.10 of title 40, 
Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), 
unless— 
(1) the State provided, with respect to the State 
monitoring plan— 
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(A) public notice of the proposal of the 
plan in a highly accessible format in multiple 
languages, including a publicly accessible web 
page address where members of the public can 
at any time view the entire proposed plan and 
supporting materials; 
(B) not less than 45 days for public com-
ment; and 
(C) an opportunity for public hearing; and 
(2) the Administrator— 
(A) proposes in the Federal Register to ap-
prove or disapprove of the State monitoring 
plan; 
(B) provides not less than 45 days for pub-
lic comment on the proposal described in sub-
paragraph (A); and 
(C) after consideration of any comments 
received pursuant to subparagraph (B), pub-
lishes in the Federal Register the final action 
on the proposal described in subparagraph (A). 
(j) FUNDING.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this section $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
(2) USES.—The Administrator— 
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(A) may use the amounts made available 
to carry out this section— 
(i) to directly deploy new or replace-
ment NCore multipollutant monitoring sta-
tions required to be deployed under sub-
section (a)(1); or 
(ii) to make grants under section 103 
or 105 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7403, 7405) to State and local govern-
ments for deployment and operation of the 
NCore multipollutant monitoring stations 
required to be deployed under subsection 
(a)(1); and 
(B) shall use not less than 5 percent, but 
not more than 10 percent, of the amounts made 
available to carry out this section to perform 
the maintenance and repairs necessary to re-
store to operation NCore multipollutant moni-
toring stations that are— 
(i) as of the date of enactment of this 
Act, nonoperational; and 
(ii) located in areas that are des-
ignated as in nonattainment of national 
ambient air quality standards established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 
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U.S.C. 7409) for ozone or particulate mat-
ter. 
SEC. 6. COMMUNITY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM MONITORING. 
(a) DEPLOYMENT OF AIR QUALITY SYSTEMS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator— 
(A) shall deploy, in accordance with the 
prioritization 
criteria 
described 
in 
section 
5(d)(2), not fewer than 1,000 air quality sys-
tems, each of which shall cost not more than 
$5,000; 
(B) shall deploy those air quality systems 
in clusters of not fewer than 5 in each of the 
census tracts or counties selected; 
(C) before determining and approving sites 
for those air quality systems, shall invite, 
through public notice and other means designed 
to reach communities disproportionately im-
pacted by air pollution, proposals from or on 
behalf of residents of any community for the 
sites; 
(D) may contract with nonprofit organiza-
tions (including academic institutions) and 
State and local air pollution control agencies to 
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conduct air quality system monitoring and re-
port the results; and 
(E) shall make data from air quality sys-
tems installed pursuant to this section public on 
an easily accessible data platform. 
(2) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Administrator shall select systems for de-
ployment that— 
(A) are available on the market at the time 
of purchase; 
(B) the Administrator determines will pro-
vide data of sufficient accuracy to provide a 
reasonable basis for determining whether the lo-
cation in which the air quality system is sited 
is or may be at risk of exceeding 1 or more na-
tional ambient air quality standards established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7409); and 
(C) are the lowest cost available that meet 
the standards described in subparagraph (B). 
(3) EXCEPTION
TO
COST
LIMITATION.—Not-
withstanding paragraph (1), if the Administrator de-
termines in writing that a system to measure a par-
ticular pollutant is not available on the market at a 
price at or below $5,000 each, the Administrator 
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may spend an amount above $5,000 to acquire that 
system so long as the Administrator complies with 
subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (2). 
(b) POLLUTANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.— 
(A) LIST.—Not fewer than 500 air quality 
systems deployed pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall measure 1 or more of the following pollut-
ants: 
(i) Ozone. 
(ii) PM2.5. 
(iii) Oxides of nitrogen. 
(iv) Sulfur dioxide. 
(B) REQUIRED SENSORS.—All air quality 
systems deployed pursuant to subsection (a) 
may include sensors to measure wind speed, 
wind direction, relative humidity, carbon dioxide 
and carbon monoxide, and other inputs that aid 
with source identification. 
(2) DETERMINATION.—The Administrator shall 
determine which air pollutant or air pollutants an 
air quality system deployed pursuant to subsection 
(a) shall monitor based on the pollution sources af-
fecting the area in which the air quality system is 
to be deployed. 
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(c) DETERMINATION AND INSTALLATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date on which an air quality system de-
ployed pursuant to subsection (a) has been moni-
toring air quality data for 1 year, the Administrator 
shall determine whether the air quality systems de-
ployed in the applicable census tract or county re-
ported air pollution levels over the 1-year period 
ending on the date of the determination that reached 
or exceeded 98 percent of the level of any applicable 
national ambient air quality standard established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409) for any air pollutant. 
(2) 
REQUIREMENT.—If 
the 
Administrator 
makes a determination under paragraph (1) that an 
air pollutant described in subsection (b)(1) met or 
exceeded the threshold described in that paragraph, 
the Administrator shall, not later 180 days after the 
date of the determination, ensure that Federal ref-
erence method monitors or Federal equivalent meth-
od monitors are installed and in operation within 
that census tract or county for each pollutant that 
met or exceeded the threshold. 
(3) EXCEPTIONS.—The Administrator shall 
waive the requirement of paragraph (2) if the Ad-
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ministrator finds, within the 180-day period de-
scribed in that paragraph, and after providing notice 
and an opportunity for public comment, that based 
on clear and convincing evidence— 
(A) the measurements from the systems 
supporting the determination described in para-
graph (2) were so inaccurate as to provide no 
reasonable basis for finding that levels of the 
relevant pollutant reached 98 percent of the 
level of the national ambient air quality stand-
ard established under section 109 of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) for the relevant pol-
lutant; or 
(B) complementary data, such as informa-
tion on the ambient matric, meteorology, meas-
urements from other nearby systems or ambient 
monitors, modeling, satellite data, or other rel-
evant and reliable information, demonstrate 
that levels of the relevant pollutant could not 
have plausibly reached 98 percent of the level of 
that standard. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, and after public notice and a 
public comment period of not less than 60 days, the Ad-
ministrator shall make publicly available online a report 
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