antifouling system on any vessel that is subject to 
this Act. 
(b) VESSEL HULLS.—Except as provided in sub-
section (c), no vessel shall bear on its hull or outer surface 
any antifouling system containing organotin, regardless of 
when such system was applied, unless that vessel bears 
an overcoating which forms a barrier to organotin leaching 
from the underlying antifouling system. 
(c) LIMITATIONS.— 
(1) EXCEPTED VESSEL.—Subsection (b) does 
not apply to fixed or floating platforms, FSUs, or 
FPSOs that were constructed prior to January 1, 
2003, and that have not been in dry dock on or after 
that date. 
(2) SALE, MANUFACTURE, ETC.—This section 
does not apply to— 
(A) the sale, distribution, or use pursuant 
to any agreement between the Administrator 
and any person that results in an earlier prohi-
bition or cancellation date than specified in this 
Act; or 
(B) the manufacture, processing, formula-
tion, sale, distribution, or use of organotin or 
antifouling systems containing organotin used 
or intended for use only for sonar domes or in
conductivity sensors in oceanographic instru-
ments. 
SEC. 302. INVESTIGATIONS AND INSPECTIONS BY SEC-
RETARY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may conduct inves-
tigations and inspections regarding a vessel’s compliance 
with this Act or the Convention. 
(b) VIOLATIONS; SUBPOENAS.—In any investigation 
under this section, the Secretary may issue subpoenas to 
require the attendance of witnesses and the production of 
documents and other evidence. In case of refusal to obey 
a subpoena issued to any person, the Secretary may re-
quest the Attorney General to invoke the aid of the appro-
priate district court of the United States to compel compli-
ance. 
(c) FURTHER ACTION.—On completion of an inves-
tigation, the Secretary may take whatever further action 
the Secretary considers appropriate under the Convention 
or this Act. 
(d) COOPERATION.—The Secretary may cooperate 
with other parties to the Convention in the detection of 
violations and in enforcement of the Convention. Nothing 
in this section affects or alters requirements under any 
other laws.
SEC. 303. EPA ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) INSPECTIONS, SUBPOENAS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of enforcing 
this Act or any regulation prescribed under this Act, 
officers or employees of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency or of any State designated by the Ad-
ministrator may enter at reasonable times any loca-
tion where there is being held or may be held 
organotin or any other substance or antifouling sys-
tem regulated under the Convention, for the purpose 
of inspecting and obtaining samples of any con-
tainers or labeling for organotin or other substance 
or system regulated under the Convention. 
(2) SUBPOENAS.—In any investigation under 
this section the Administrator may issue subpoenas 
to require the attendance of any witness and the 
production of documents and other evidence. In case 
of refusal to obey such a subpoena, the Adminis-
trator may request the Attorney General to compel 
compliance. 
(b) STOP MANUFACTURE, SALE, USE, OR REMOVAL 
ORDERS.—Consistent with section 104, whenever any 
organotin or other substance or system regulated under 
the Convention is found by the Administrator and there 
is reason to believe that a manufacturer, seller, dis-
tributor, or user has violated or is in violation of any provi-
sion of this Act, or that such organotin or other substance 
or system regulated under the Convention has been or is 
intended to be manufactured, distributed, sold, or used in 
violation of this Act, the Administrator may issue a stop 
manufacture, sale, use, or removal order to any person 
that owns, controls, or has custody of such organotin or 
other substance or system regulated under the Convention. 
After receipt of that order the person may not manufac-
ture, sell, distribute, use, or remove the organotin or other 
substance or system regulated under the Convention de-
scribed in the order except in accordance with the order. 
SEC. 304. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY OF THE ADMINIS-
TRATOR. 
The Administrator, in consultation with the Sec-
retary, may establish, as necessary, terms and conditions 
regarding the removal and disposal of antifouling systems 
prohibited or restricted under this Act. 
TITLE IV—ACTION ON VIOLA-
TION, PENALTIES, AND RE-
FERRALS 
SEC. 401. CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT. 
Any person who knowingly violates paragraph (2), 
(3), (4), or (5) of section 301(a) or section 301(b) shall 
be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned 
not more than 6 years, or both.
SEC. 402. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) CIVIL PENALTY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Any person who is found by 
the Secretary or the Administrator, as appropriate, 
after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, to 
have— 
(A) violated the Convention, this Act, or 
any regulation prescribed under this Act is lia-
ble to the United States Government for a civil 
penalty of not more than $37,500 for each vio-
lation; or 
(B) made a false, fictitious, or fraudulent 
statement or representation in any matter in 
which a statement or representation is required 
to be made to the Secretary under the Conven-
tion, this Act, or any regulations prescribed 
under this Act, is liable to the United States for 
a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for 
each such statement or representation. 
(2) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW.—This sub-
section shall not limit or affect the authority of the 
Government under section 1001 of title 18, United 
States Code. 
(b) ASSESSMENT OF PENALTY.—The amount of the 
civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary or Adminis-
trator, as appropriate, by written notice.
(c) LIMITATION
FOR RECREATIONAL VESSEL.—A 
civil penalty imposed under subsection (a) against the 
owner or operator of a recreational vessel, as that term 
is defined in section 2101 of title 46, United States Code, 
for a violation of the Convention, this Act, or any regula-
tion prescribed under this Act involving that recreational 
vessel, may not exceed $5,000 for each violation. 
(d) DETERMINATION OF PENALTY.—For purposes of 
penalties under this section, each day of a continuing vio-
lation constitutes a separate violation. In determining the 
amount of the penalty, the Secretary or Administrator 
shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, 
and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with re-
spect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history 
of prior offenses, the economic impact of the penalty on 
the violator, the economic benefit to the violator and other 
matters as justice may require. 
(e) REWARD.—An amount equal to not more than 
one-half of any civil penalty assessed by the Secretary or 
Administrator under this section may, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, be paid by the Secretary or Ad-
ministrator, respectively, to any person who provided in-
formation that led to the assessment or imposition of the 
penalty.