(2) A disclosure pursuant to paragraph (1) is 
authorized only when the head of the agency approves 
such disclosure and the disclosure is not prohibited by 
any other law. 
(3) This section does not restrict or diminish 
any confidentiality protections in law that otherwise 
apply to data or information acquired by an agency 
under a pledge of confidentiality for exclusively sta-
tistical purposes. 
(c) RULE FOR USE OF DATA OR INFORMATION FOR 
NONSTATISTICAL PURPOSES.—A statistical agency or unit 
shall clearly distinguish any data or information it collects 
for nonstatistical purposes (as authorized by law) and pro-
vide notice to the public, before the data or information is 
collected, that the data or information could be used for 
nonstatistical purposes. 
(d) DESIGNATION OF AGENTS.—A statistical agency or 
unit may designate agents, by contract or by entering into 
a special agreement containing the provisions required 
under section 2(2) for treatment as an agent under that 
section, who may perform exclusively statistical activities, 
subject to the limitations and penalties described in this 
Act.
SEC. 103. FINES AND PENALTIES. 
Whoever, being an officer, employee, or agent of an 
agency acquiring information for exclusively statistical 
purposes, having taken and subscribed the oath of office, 
or having sworn to observe the limitations imposed by sec-
tion 102, comes into possession of such information by rea-
son of his or her being an officer, employee, or agent and, 
knowing that the disclosure of the specific information is 
prohibited under the provisions of this Act, willfully dis-
closes the information in any manner to a person or agency 
not entitled to receive it, shall be guilty of a class E felony 
and imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or fined not 
more than $250,000, or both. 
TITLE II—STATISTICAL 
EFFICIENCY 
SEC. 201. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following: 
(1) Federal statistics are an important source of 
information for public and private decision-makers 
such as policymakers, consumers, businesses, inves-
tors, and workers. 
(2) Federal statistical agencies should continu-
ously seek to improve their efficiency. Statutory con-
straints limit the ability of these agencies to share 
data and thus to achieve higher efficiency for Federal 
statistical programs.
(3) The quality of Federal statistics depends on 
the willingness of businesses to respond to statistical 
surveys. Reducing reporting burdens will increase re-
sponse rates, and therefore lead to more accurate 
characterizations of the economy. 
(4) Enhanced sharing of business data among 
the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Economic 
Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for ex-
clusively statistical purposes will improve their abil-
ity to track more accurately the large and rapidly 
changing nature of United States business. In par-
ticular, the statistical agencies will be able to better 
ensure that businesses are consistently classified in 
appropriate 
industries, 
resolve 
data 
anomalies, 
produce statistical samples that are consistently ad-
justed for the entry and exit of new businesses in a 
timely manner, and correct faulty reporting errors 
quickly and efficiently. 
(5) The Congress enacted the International In-
vestment and Trade in Services Act of 1990 that al-
lowed the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Eco-
nomic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
to share data on foreign-owned companies. The Act 
not only expanded detailed industry coverage from 
135 industries to over 800 industries with no increase
in the data collected from respondents but also dem-
onstrated how data sharing can result in the creation 
of valuable data products. 
(6) With title I of this Act, the sharing of busi-
ness data among the Bureau of the Census, the Bu-
reau of Economic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics continues to ensure the highest level of con-
fidentiality for respondents to statistical surveys. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this title are the fol-
lowing: 
(1) To authorize the sharing of business data 
among the Bureau of the Census, the Bureau of Eco-
nomic Analysis, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
for exclusively statistical purposes. 
(2) To reduce the paperwork burdens imposed on 
businesses that provide requested information to the 
Federal Government. 
(3) To improve the comparability and accuracy 
of Federal economic statistics by allowing the Bureau 
of the Census, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and 
the Bureau of Labor Statistics to update sample 
frames, develop consistent classifications of establish-
ments and companies into industries, improve cov-
erage, and reconcile significant differences in data 
produced by the three agencies.
(4) To increase understanding of the United 
States economy, especially for key industry and re-
gional statistics, to develop more accurate measures of 
the impact of technology on productivity growth, and 
to enhance the reliability of the Nation’s most impor-
tant economic indicators, such as the National In-
come and Product Accounts. 
SEC. 202. DESIGNATION OF STATISTICAL AGENCIES. 
For purposes of this title, the term ‘‘Designated Statis-
tical Agency’’ means each of the following: 
(1) The Bureau of the Census of the Department 
of Commerce. 
(2) The Bureau of Economic Analysis of the De-
partment of Commerce. 
(3) The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the De-
partment of Labor. 
SEC. 203. RESPONSIBILITIES OF DESIGNATED STATISTICAL 
AGENCIES. 
The head of each of the Designated Statistical Agencies 
shall—
(1) identify opportunities to eliminate duplica-
tion and otherwise reduce reporting burden and cost 
imposed on the public in providing information for 
statistical purposes;
(2) enter into joint statistical projects to improve 
the quality and reduce the cost of statistical pro-
grams; and 
(3) protect the confidentiality of individually 
identifiable information acquired for statistical pur-
poses by adhering to safeguard principles, includ-
ing—
(A) emphasizing to their officers, employees, 
and agents the importance of protecting the con-
fidentiality of information in cases where the 
identity of individual respondents can reason-
ably be inferred by either direct or indirect 
means; 
(B) training their officers, employees, and 
agents in their legal obligations to protect the 
confidentiality of individually identifiable infor-
mation and in the procedures that must be fol-
lowed to provide access to such information; 
(C) implementing appropriate measures to 
assure the physical and electronic security of 
confidential data; 
(D) establishing a system of records that 
identifies individuals accessing confidential data 
and the project for which the data were required; 
and