I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6696 
To provide for the establishment of a Critical Minerals Security Alliance, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 12, 2025 
Mr. PANETTA (for himself and Mr. KUSTOFF) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addi-
tion to the Committees on Rules, Natural Resources, Energy and Com-
merce, Armed Services, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subse-
quently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To provide for the establishment of a Critical Minerals 
Security Alliance, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Restoring American 
Mineral Security Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
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(1) a reliable supply chain of critical minerals 
is essential to meet the defense, manufacturing, and 
energy needs of the United States; 
(2) as of the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the United States is heavily dependent on the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China for the production and proc-
essing of many key critical minerals; 
(3) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China has displayed a willingness to weaponize its 
dominance of critical mineral production and has in-
tentionally created overcapacity and sold products at 
below-market rates in order to gain market share 
and move up the value chain; 
(4) the United States must use trade tools to 
combat those non-market policies and practices, and 
the use of trade tools is most effective when under-
taken in coordination with trading partners; and 
(5) by building an alliance of trusted trading 
partners, the United States can combat the over-
supply and market manipulation of the People’s Re-
public of China and promote the growth of a robust 
domestic United States critical minerals industry. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
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(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Finance of the Sen-
ate; and 
(B) the Committee on Ways and Means of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) CRITICAL
MINERAL.—The term ‘‘critical 
mineral’’ means any mineral on the list of critical 
minerals required by paragraph (3) of section 
7002(c) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 
1606(c)). 
(3) DERIVATIVE PRODUCT.—The term ‘‘deriva-
tive product’’— 
(A) means a good that incorporates a crit-
ical mineral; and 
(B) includes— 
(i) a semi-finished good, such as a 
semiconductor wafer, anode, or cathode; 
and 
(ii) a final product, such as a perma-
nent magnet, motor, electric vehicle, bat-
tery, smartphone, microprocessor, radar 
system, wind turbine or a component of a 
wind turbine, or advanced optical device. 
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(4) EXCLUDED
DUTY.—The term ‘‘excluded 
duty’’ means— 
(A) antidumping and countervailing duties 
imposed under title VII of the Tariff Act of 
1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.); 
(B) duties, quotas, and tariff-rate quotas 
imposed under chapter 1 of title II of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.); and 
(C) duties imposed consistent with a ruling 
authorizing the suspension of benefits or con-
cessions on the part of the United States, 
issued by— 
(i) a dispute settlement panel con-
stituted under a bilateral or plurilateral 
free trade agreement for which explicit 
congressional approval pursuant to the re-
quirements of section 151 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2191) has been en-
acted before the date of the enactment of 
this Act, before which the United States is 
a party; or 
(ii) a dispute settlement panel de-
scribed in section 123 of the Uruguay 
Rounds Agreement Act (19 U.S.C. 3533) 
before which the United States is a party. 
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(5) FOREIGN
COUNTRY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘‘foreign country of concern’’— 
(A) has the meaning given that term in 
section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thorn-
berry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651); and 
(B) includes the Bolivarian Republic of 
Venezuela. 
(6) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term 
‘‘foreign entity of concern’’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), except that sub-
paragraph (C) of that section shall be applied and 
administered by substituting ‘‘a foreign country of 
concern’’ for ‘‘a foreign country’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘title 10, United States Code’’. 
(7) PROCESSED.—The term ‘‘processed’’, with 
respect to a critical mineral, means the mineral has 
undergone the activities that occur after critical min-
eral ore is extracted from a mine up through its con-
version into a metal, metal powder, or a master 
alloy. 
(8) SELECT DERIVATIVE PRODUCT.—The term 
‘‘select derivative product’’ means a permanent mag-
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net, a lithium-ion battery for an electrical vehicle, a 
lithium-ion battery for a vehicle that is not an elec-
trical vehicle, or a part for a battery that is not a 
lithium-ion battery. 
(9) 
TRADE
REPRESENTATIVE.—The 
term 
‘‘Trade Representative’’ means the United States 
Trade Representative. 
SEC. 4. CRITICAL MINERALS SECURITY ALLIANCE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION FOR NEGOTIATIONS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Trade Representative 
may enter into negotiations with countries to enter 
into an alliance, to be known as the ‘‘Critical Min-
erals Security Alliance’’ (in this section referred to 
as the ‘‘Alliance’’), to establish a reliable supply 
chain of critical minerals. 
(2) CONSULTATIONS.—While conducting nego-
tiations pursuant to paragraph (1), the Trade Rep-
resentative shall consult with the Secretary of Com-
merce, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary 
of State, and the appropriate congressional commit-
tees. 
(b) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.—A country is eligible to 
enter into the Alliance if the government of the country— 
(1) either— 
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(A) increases the rates of duty the country 
charges for mined and processed critical min-
erals and select derivative products sourced 
from foreign countries of concern to rates that 
are not less than the rates of duty for mined 
and processed critical minerals and select deriv-
ative products, respectively, sourced from the 
People’s Republic of China imposed by the 
United States pursuant to section 301 of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411) and in ef-
fect on January 1, 2026; 
(B) agrees to increase the rates of duty de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) to the rates re-
quired in such subparagraph over a period of 
not more than 5 years; or 
(C) adopts measures comparable to, or 
greater in effect than, the trade remedies avail-
able under title III of the Trade Act of 1974 
(19 U.S.C. 2411 et seq.), such as prohibitions 
or quotas on the importation into the country 
of mined and processed critical minerals and se-
lect derivative products sourced from foreign 
countries of concern. 
(2) agrees to meet and participate in regular 
meetings of the Alliance; 
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(3) commits to continually review the capacity 
of the country to extract and process critical min-
erals and share the results of those reviews with 
other countries that are members of the Alliance; 
(4) eliminates duties on imports of mined and 
processed critical minerals and select derivative 
products from countries that are members of the Al-
liance, other than excluded duties; 
(5) takes actions that are complementary to the 
actions of the United States to address unfair trade 
policies of a country that is not a member of the Al-
liance, including actions— 
(A) to address the potential illicit shipment 
of critical minerals and derivative products, spe-
cifically transshipment that is intended to cir-
cumvent duties, evade customs enforcement, or 
obfuscate the origin of products produced in 
whole or in part with forced labor; 
(B) to establish or maintain robust invest-
ment screening mechanisms, including to screen 
investments in entities that produce critical 
minerals and derivative products, that are at 
least as effective as the national security re-
views and investigations required under section 
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721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 
U.S.C. 4565); and 
(C) to ensure effective trade remedies 
against imports of critical minerals and deriva-
tive products sourced from a foreign country of 
concern or a foreign entity of concern; 
(6) works with the United States to establish a 
mechanism to address shared threats to members of 
the Alliance from investments by foreign countries of 
concern; 
(7) engages in discussions with the United 
States regarding trade and ways to promote and 
protect the economic security of the Alliance in sec-
tors other than critical minerals; and 
(8) coordinates with the United States to enact 
or maintain policies to impose rates of duty as speci-
fied in paragraph (1)(A) on mined and processed 
critical minerals and select derivative products that 
are sourced from foreign entities of concern. 
(c) ENGAGEMENT.—The Trade Representative shall 
engage with countries that trade with the United States 
of the United States and encourage such countries to take 
the measures necessary to comply with the eligibility cri-
teria described in subsection (b). 
(d) CERTIFICATIONS OF ELIGIBILITY.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Trade Representative 
determines that a country complies with the eligi-
bility criteria described in subsection (b), the Trade 
Representative shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees— 
(A) a certification that the country is eligi-
ble for admittance into the Alliance; and 
(B) a report describing— 
(i) the compliance of such country 
with respect to the eligibility criteria de-
scribed in subsection (b); and 
(ii) the critical minerals sector of such 
country. 
(2) NOTICE.—The submission of a certification 
under paragraph (1) with respect to a country shall 
be considered notice of the intention of the Trade 
Representative to enter into an agreement providing 
for the admittance of the country in the Alliance for 
purposes of subsection (i). 
(e) NEGOTIATING OBJECTIVES.—In conducting nego-
tiations under subsection (a), the Trade Representative 
shall seek to establish a reliable supply chain for— 
(1) not less than 90 percent of the critical min-
erals on the list required by section 7002(c)(1) of 
the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(c)(1)); and 
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1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862) on or after the date of entry 
into force of the agreement. 
(h) MODIFICATIONS TO AGREEMENTS.—A modifica-
tion to an agreement providing for the admittance of a 
country into the Alliance shall take effect if— 
(1) the Trade Representative submits to the ap-
propriate congressional committees notice of the in-
tention of the Trade Representative to agree to the 
modification; and 
(2)(A) a joint resolution of approval is enacted 
into law under subsection (i) after the submission of 
that notice; or 
(B) a period of 90 days has elapsed after the 
submission of that notice and a joint resolution of 
disapproval is not enacted into law under subsection 
(i) during that 90-day period. 
(i) JOINT RESOLUTIONS.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) COVERED
ACTION.—The term ‘‘cov-
ered action’’ means— 
(i) the entry into an agreement pro-
viding for the admittance of a country into 
the Alliance; or 
(ii) a modification to such an agree-
ment. 
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space being filled with a brief description of the 
covered action and the second blank space being 
filled with the appropriate date. 
(2) INTRODUCTION.—A covered joint resolution 
may be introduced in the Senate or the House of 
Representatives by any Member of the Senate or the 
House, respectively. 
(3) CONSIDERATION.—The provisions of sub-
sections (b) through (f) of section 152 of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2192) shall apply to a cov-
ered joint resolution to the same extent and in the 
same manner as such subsections apply to resolu-
tions described in such section 152. 
(4) RULES OF SENATE AND HOUSE OF REP-
RESENTATIVES.—This subsection is enacted by Con-
gress— 
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
of the Senate and the House of Representa-
tives, respectively, and as such is deemed a part 
of the rules of each House, respectively, but ap-
plicable only with respect to the procedure to be 
followed in that House in the case of a joint 
resolution under this subsection, and supersedes 
other rules only to the extent that it is incon-
sistent with such rules; and 
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(B) with full recognition of the constitu-
tional right of either House to change the rules 
(so far as relating to the procedure of that 
House) at any time, in the same manner, and 
to the same extent as in the case of any other 
rule of that House. 
(j) REVIEWS BY UNITED STATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years after 
the entry into force of the first agreement providing 
for the admittance of a country into the Alliance, 
and every 3 years thereafter while the Alliance re-
mains in effect, the Trade Representative, in con-
sultation with the heads of relevant Federal agencies 
and appropriate congressional committees, shall— 
(A) review the capacity of the United 
States to extract and process critical minerals 
to determine whether it is appropriate to termi-
nate or modify the Alliance; and 
(B) if commercially significant quantities 
of a critical mineral are produced in the United 
States, consider seeking the removal of that 
critical mineral from the products covered by 
the Alliance. 
(2) FIRST REVIEW.—As part of the first review 
conducted under paragraph (1), the Trade Rep-
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resentative shall assess the feasibility and advis-
ability of— 
(A) expanding the scope of products cov-
ered by the Alliance to include derivative prod-
ucts; or 
(B) otherwise expanding or restricting the 
scope of products covered by the Alliance. 
(3) REVIEW OF DUTY RATES.—As part of each 
review conducted under paragraph (1), the Trade 
Representative shall assess whether countries that 
are members of the Alliance should adjust the rates 
of duty imposed on mined and processed critical 
minerals that are sourced from foreign countries of 
concern. 
(k) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter, the Trade Representative shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report that in-
cludes— 
(1) a description of engagement with countries 
that trade with the United States under subsection 
(c); 
(2) with respect to each trading partner that 
the Trade Representative determines does not meet 
the criteria eligibility criteria under subsection (b), a 
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detailed description of the deficiencies of the govern-
ment of the country in complying with the criteria; 
and 
(3) the information provided by countries that 
are members of the Alliance with respect to the ca-
pacities of such countries to extract and process crit-
ical minerals. 
SEC. 5. INCREASE IN DUTIES ON IMPORTS OF MINED AND 
PROCESSED CRITICAL MINERALS AND SE-
LECT DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS FROM FOR-
EIGN COUNTRIES OF CONCERN. 
Upon the entry into force of the first agreement pro-
viding for the admittance of a country into the Critical 
Minerals Security Alliance under section 4, mined and 
processed critical minerals and select derivative products 
imported into the United States and sourced from a for-
eign country of concern shall be subject to the rate of duty 
in effect on January 1, 2026, and applicable to such prod-
ucts sourced from the People’s Republic of China pursu-
ant to section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2411). 
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SEC. 6. TRUST FUND TO SUPPORT UNITED STATES CRIT-
ICAL MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING 
PROJECTS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF TRUST FUND.—There is es-
tablished in the Treasury of the United States a trust 
fund, consisting of— 
(1) amounts transferred to the trust fund under 
subsection (b); and 
(2) any amounts that may be credited to the 
trust fund under subsection (c). 
(b) TRANSFER OF AMOUNTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—For the first fiscal year in 
which a country has been admitted to the Critical 
Minerals Security Alliance under section 4 and each 
fiscal year thereafter during which any foreign coun-
try is a member of such Alliance, the Secretary of 
the Treasury shall transfer to the trust fund estab-
lished under subsection (a), from the general fund of 
the Treasury, an amount equivalent to the amount 
received into the general fund during that fiscal year 
and attributable to duties collected on mined and 
processed critical minerals imported into the United 
States. 
(2) FREQUENCY
OF
TRANSFERS.—The Sec-
retary shall transfer amounts required by paragraph 
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