I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5028 
To amend section 552a of title 5, United States Code, to provide for the 
liability of Federal personnel for intentional or willful violations of such 
section, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
AUGUST 22, 2025 
Mr. MIN (for himself and Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform 
A BILL 
To amend section 552a of title 5, United States Code, to 
provide for the liability of Federal personnel for inten-
tional or willful violations of such section, and for other 
purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Security and Account-
ability For Everyone Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘SAFE Act of 
2025’’. 
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SEC. 2. LIABILITY OF THE UNITED STATES AND FEDERAL 
PERSONNEL UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT. 
Section 552a of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (12), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
at the end; 
(B) in paragraph (13), by inserting strik-
ing the period at the end and inserting the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, and covered special Government em-
ployees; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(14) the term ‘covered special Government em-
ployee’ means a special Government employee (as 
such term is defined in section 202 of title 18) 
who— 
‘‘(A) does not serve on an advisory com-
mittee (as such term is defined in section 
1001); 
‘‘(B) serves in a position listed in level 
GS–13 or higher of the General Schedule, an 
equivalent position in the Senior Executive 
Service, a senior level position, a scientific or 
professional position, or an equivalent position 
in an agency-specific pay scale; and 
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‘‘(C) does not serve in a position that is 
designated for an intern or unpaid student vol-
unteer serving pursuant to section 3111, or 
similar statutory authority.’’. 
(2) in subsection (g)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘, 
and consequently a determination is made 
which is adverse to the individual’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘, in such a way as to have an adverse ef-
fect on an individual’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) INTENTIONAL OR WILLFUL VIOLATIONS BY 
FEDERAL PERSONNEL.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Whenever Federal 
personnel engages in conduct described in sub-
paragraph (C) or (D) of paragraph (1) that is 
intentional or willful and that results in demon-
strable harm to an individual, the individual 
may bring a civil action against the Federal 
personnel, and the district courts of the United 
States shall have jurisdiction in the matters 
under the provisions of this subsection. 
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