datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
I 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5910 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit human-animal hybrids. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 24, 2008 
Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for himself, Mr. LAMBORN, Mr. PITTS, Mr. 
SOUDER, Ms. FALLIN, Mr. RENZI, and Mr. HUNTER) introduced the fol-
lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit human- 
animal hybrids. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Human-Animal Hybrid 
Prohibition Act of 2008’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds that— 
(1) advances in research and technology have 
made possible the creation of human-animal hybrids; 
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(2) human-animal hybrids are grossly unethical 
because they blur the line between human and ani-
mal, male and female, parent and child, and one in-
dividual and another individual; 
(3) human dignity and the integrity of the 
human species are compromised by human-animal 
hybrids; 
(4) the uniqueness of individual human beings 
is manifested in a particular way through their brain 
and their reproductive organs/cells; and 
(5) with an increase in emerging zoonotic infec-
tion threatening the global public health, human-ani-
mal hybrids present a particularly optimal means of 
genetic transfers that could increase the efficiency or 
virulence of diseases threatening both humans and 
animals. 
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON HUMAN-ANIMAL HYBRIDS. 
Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after chapter 51 the following: 
‘‘CHAPTER 52—HUMAN-ANIMAL HYBRIDS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1131. Definitions. 
‘‘1132. Prohibition on human-animal hybrids. 
‘‘§ 1131. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter the following definitions apply: 
‘‘(1) 
HUMAN-ANIMAL
HYBRID.—The 
term 
‘human-animal hybrid’ means— 
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103D CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 631
AN ACT
To designate certain lands in the State of Colorado
as components of the National Wilderness Pres-
ervation System, and for other purposes.
‘‘(2) HUMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human em-
bryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapi-
ens during the earliest stages of development, from 
1 cell up to 8 weeks. 
‘‘§ 1132. Prohibition on human-animal hybrids 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate com-
merce— 
‘‘(1) create or attempt to create a human-ani-
mal hybrid; 
‘‘(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human 
embryo into a non-human womb; 
‘‘(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non- 
human embryo into a human womb; or 
‘‘(4) transport or receive for any purpose a 
human-animal hybrid. 
‘‘(b) PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 
more than 10 years, or both. 
‘‘(2) CIVIL
PENALTY.—Whoever violates sub-
section (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such vio-
lation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater 
of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount 
of the gross gain multiplied by 2.’’. 
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SEC. 4. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 
The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to chapter 51 the following: 
‘‘52. Human-animal hybrids ........................................................... 1131.’’. 
Æ 
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273 
spect to the individual, the applicable coverage factor 
in connection with the individual is 0, 
‘‘(ii) in any case in which the number of an in-
dividual’s quarters of coverage earned prior to the 
date on which the individual became eligible or died 
as described in subparagraph (A) is greater than 
twice the number of elapsed years with respect to 
the individual and less than three times the number 
of elapsed years with respect to the individual, the 
applicable coverage factor in connection with the in-
dividual is 1 plus the quotient derived by dividing— 
‘‘(I) the excess of the number of the indi-
vidual’s quarters of coverage over 3 times the 
number of elapsed years with respect to the in-
dividual, by 
‘‘(II) the number of elapsed years with re-
spect to the individual, and 
‘‘(iii) in any case in which the number of an in-
dividual’s quarters of coverage earned prior to the 
date on which the individual became eligible or died 
as described in subparagraph (A) is greater than or 
equal to 3 times the number of elapsed years with 
respect to the individual, the applicable coverage fac-
tor in connection with the individual is 1. 
‘‘(F) For purposes of this paragraph— 
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(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘3002b(b) 
or’’ before ‘‘3005’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘section 3007 
of this title’’ and inserting ‘‘section 3002b(c) or sec-
tion 3007, respectively,’’. 
(e) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 30 of title 39, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the item relating to section 3002a the 
following: 
‘‘3002b. Nonmailability of certain tobacco products.’’. 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the amendments made by this section 
shall take effect on the 60th day after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and shall apply with re-
spect to any mail matter mailed on or after such 
60th day. 
(2) SEMIANNUAL REPORTS.—The amendments 
made by subsection (d) shall apply beginning with 
the report submitted for the reporting period in 
which occurs the 60th day after the date of the en-
actment of this Act. 
SEC. 2. TECHNICAL CORRECTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Sections 3007(a)(1), 3012(b)(1), 
and 3018(f)(1) of title 39, United States Code, are amend-
ed by striking ‘‘409(d)’’ and inserting ‘‘409(g)(2)’’. 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in the enact-
ment of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act 
(Public Law 109–435). 
Æ 
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credit under section 45R of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986, the Secretary shall prescribe regulations with re-
spect to accounting for matching funds in the parallel ac-
counts. 
(e) REGULAR
REPORTING
OF
ACCOUNTS.—Any 
qualified financial institution shall report the balances in 
any Individual Development Account and parallel account 
of an individual on not less than an annual basis to such 
individual. 
SEC. 7. WITHDRAWAL PROCEDURES. 
(a) WITHDRAWALS FOR QUALIFIED EXPENSES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An Individual Development 
Account owner may withdraw funds in order to pay 
qualified expense distributions from such individ-
ual’s— 
(A) Individual Development Account, but 
only from funds which have been on deposit in 
such Account for at least 1 year, and 
(B) parallel account, but only— 
(i) from matching funds which have 
been on deposit in such parallel account 
for at least 1 year, 
(ii) from earnings in such parallel ac-
count, after all matching funds described 
in clause (i) have been withdrawn, and 
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SEC. 2. CLARIFICATION OF FEDERAL FINANCING BANK AU-
THORITY. 
(a) CLARIFICATION OF FEDERAL FINANCING BANK 
AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding any other law and subject 
to subsection (b), the Federal Financing Bank may, in ac-
cordance with such terms and conditions as the Federal 
Financing Bank may impose— 
(1) purchase, pursuant to its authority under 
section 6(a) of the Federal Financing Bank Act of 
1973, guaranteed loans originated under part B of 
title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, or 
participation interests in such loans; 
(2) provide advances to eligible lenders, as de-
fined in section 435 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965, for purposes of originating or purchasing 
loans under part B of title IV of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965; and 
(3) invest in securities collateralized with stu-
dent loans originated under part B of the title IV of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965. 
(b) NO NET COST.—Purchases under this section 
shall not result in any net cost to the Federal Government, 
as determined jointly by the Secretary of the Treasury and 
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. 
(c) RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.—Section 504(b) of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661c(b)) 
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shall not apply to a loan (or participation interests there-
in) purchased pursuant to (a). 
(d) SUNSET.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), subsection (c) shall expire on July 1, 
2009. 
(2) EXTENSION.—If the Secretary of Treasury 
in consultation with the Secretary of Education de-
termines that economic circumstances necessitate ex-
tending the authority provided under subsection (c) 
in order to continue to ensure timely, uninterrupted 
access to student loans, the Secretary may extend 
the sunset provision under paragraph (1). The Sec-
retary may make multiple extensions under this 
paragraph, except that each such extension may not 
be for a period of more than 12 months. 
Æ 
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(2) describes in detail any failures, short-
comings, or obstruction by North Korea with respect 
to the implementation of the commitment of North 
Korea described in section 301; 
(3) describes in detail the progress or lack 
thereof in the preceding 12-month period of all other 
programs promoting the elimination of North Ko-
rea’s capability to develop, deploy, transfer, or main-
tain weapons of mass destruction or their delivery 
systems; 
(4) describes in detail all United States assist-
ance, regardless of the source, provided to North 
Korea by reason of the exercise of the waiver au-
thority under section 301 and any assistance pro-
vided under any other authority if such assistance is 
provided for the same or similar purposes; and 
(5) beginning with the second report required 
by this subsection, a justification for the continu-
ation of the waiver exercised under section 301 and, 
if applicable, section 302, for the fiscal year in which 
the report is submitted. 
SEC. 304. TERMINATION OF WAIVER AUTHORITY. 
Any waiver in effect by reason of the exercise of the 
waiver authority under section 301 shall terminate if the 
President determines that North Korea—
(11)(A) Allowing a continuation of the status 
quo in resources for defense trade licensing could ul-
timately harm the United States defense industrial 
base. The 2007 Institute for Defense Analysis report 
entitled ‘‘Export Controls and the U.S. Defense In-
dustrial Base’’ found that the large backlog and long 
processing times by the Department of State for ap-
plications for licenses to export defense items led to 
an impairment of United States firms in some sec-
tors to conduct global business relative to foreign 
competitors. 
(B) Additionally, the report found that United 
States commercial firms have been reluctant to en-
gage in research and development activities for the 
Department of Defense because this raises the fu-
ture prospects that the products based on this re-
search and development, even if intrinsically com-
mercial, will be saddled by Department of State mu-
nitions controls due to the link to that research. 
(12) According to the Department of State’s 
fiscal year 2008 budget justification to Congress, 
commercial exports licensed or approved under the 
Arms 
Export 
Control 
Act 
exceeded 
$30,000,000,000, with nearly eighty percent of these
122 
SEC. 223. NEW MARKETS TAX CREDIT. 
Subparagraph (D) of section 45D(f)(1) is amended 
by striking ‘‘and 2008’’ and inserting ‘‘2008, and 2009’’. 
SEC. 224. RAILROAD TRACK MAINTENANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (f) of section 45G is 
amended by striking ‘‘January 1, 2008’’ and inserting 
‘‘January 1, 2009’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to expenditures paid or incurred 
during taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007. 
SEC. 225. FIFTEEN-YEAR STRAIGHT-LINE COST RECOVERY 
FOR QUALIFIED LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS 
AND QUALIFIED RESTAURANT PROPERTY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Clauses (iv) and (v) of section 
168(e)(3)(E) are each amended by striking ‘‘January 1, 
2008’’ and inserting ‘‘January 1, 2009’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to property placed in service after 
December 31, 2007. 
SEC. 226. SEVEN-YEAR COST RECOVERY PERIOD FOR MO-
TORSPORTS RACING TRACK FACILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (D) of section 
168(i)(15) is amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2008’’.
lish on the Internet website of the Department of 
State not later than 30 days after the date of the 
determination— 
(i) the name of the manufacturer of the 
item; 
(ii) a brief general description of the 
item; 
(iii) the model or part number of the 
item; and 
(iv) the United States Munitions List 
designation under which the item has been 
designated, except that— 
(I) the name of the person or busi-
ness organization that sought the com-
modity 
jurisdiction 
determination 
shall not be published if the person or 
business organization is not the manu-
facturer of the item; and 
(II) the names of the customers, 
the price of the item, and any propri-
etary information relating to the item 
indicated by the person or business or-
ganization that sought the commodity 
jurisdiction determination shall not be 
published; and 
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‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULE FOR PARTNERSHIPS.—In 
the case of a partnership that elects to have this 
subsection apply— 
‘‘(A) paragraph (1) shall apply at the part-
nership level (and not at the partner level), 
‘‘(B) the amount of the credit determined 
under paragraph (1) shall be treated as an 
overpayment of tax, 
‘‘(C) the partnership shall be treated as 
the person who made the overpayment of tax, 
and the Secretary shall refund the amount of 
such overpayment to the partnership, and 
‘‘(D) the amount of credits under this sec-
tion that would otherwise be separately stated 
to the partners of the partnership pursuant to 
section 702(a) shall be reduced by the amount 
determined under paragraph (1).’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 45C(b)(1) 
of such Code is amended by striking subparagraph (D). 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to amounts paid or incurred after 
December 31, 2007. 
SEC. 5. INTERAGENCY GROUP ON CAFE STANDARDS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND MEMBERSHIP.— 
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—There is established an 
Interagency Working Group on Corporate Average 
Fuel Economy Standards comprised of 1 representa-
tive of the following: 
(A) the Departments of Agriculture, Com-
merce, Defense, Energy, Interior, Labor, and 
Transportation, appointed by the respective 
Secretaries of such Departments; 
(B) the Environmental Protection Agency, 
appointed by the Administrator of such agency; 
(C) the National Science Foundation and 
the Office of Management and Budget, ap-
pointed by the respective Directors of such 
agencies; 
(D) 3 representatives of the automobile 
manufacturing industry, appointed by the 
President; and 
(E) members representing such additional 
Federal agencies as the President shall appoint. 
(2) CHAIRPERSON.—The Interagency Working 
Group established under subsection (a)(1) shall be 
chaired by the representative of the Department of 
Defense, the Department of Energy, the Department 
of Transportation, the Department of Commerce, or 
the Environmental Protection Agency, as determined 
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I 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5917 
To provide for the coordination of efforts in the development of viable efficient 
alternative fuel technologies. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 29, 2008 
Mr. KNOLLENBERG (for himself, Mr. UPTON, Mr. ROGERS of Michigan, and 
Mr. MCCOTTER) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Science and Technology, and in addition to the Committees 
on Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, Energy and 
Commerce, and Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be 
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 
of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee con-
cerned 
A BILL 
To provide for the coordination of efforts in the development 
of viable efficient alternative fuel technologies. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘New Bridging Industry 
and Government Through Hi-Tech Research on Energy 
Efficiency Act of 2008’’. 
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274 
‘‘(i) The term ‘30-year low earner AIME’ for a 
calendar year means the amount which would be the 
average indexed monthly earnings of an individual— 
‘‘(I) whose benefit computation years are 
the preceding 30 calendar years, and 
‘‘(II) whose primary insurance amount is 
based solely on wages earned during such cal-
endar years for 40 hours per week at an hourly 
rate equivalent to the minimum wage required 
under section 6 of the Fair Labor Standards 
Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206) at the time such 
wages were earned. 
‘‘(ii) The term ‘35-year low earner AIME’ for 
a calendar year means the amount which would be 
the average indexed monthly earnings of an indi-
vidual— 
‘‘(I) whose benefit computation years are 
the preceding 35 calendar years, and 
‘‘(II) whose primary insurance amount is 
based solely on wages earned during such cal-
endar years for 40 hours per week at an hourly 
rate equivalent to the minimum wage required 
under section 6 of the Fair Labor Standards 
Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206) at the time such 
wages were earned 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish standards for navigators under this section, 
including provisions to avoid conflicts of interest. 
Under such standards, a navigator may not— 
‘‘(A) be a health insurance issuer; or 
‘‘(B) receive any consideration directly or 
indirectly from any health insurance issuer in 
connection with the participation of any em-
ployer in the program under this title or the en-
rollment of any eligible employee in health in-
surance coverage under this title. 
‘‘(2) FAIR AND IMPARTIAL INFORMATION AND 
SERVICES.—The Administrator shall consult with 
the Small Business Health Board concerning the 
standards necessary to ensure that a navigator will 
provide fair and impartial information and services. 
An agreement between the Administrator and a nav-
igator may include specific provisions with respect to 
such navigator to ensure that such navigator will 
provide fair and impartial information and services. 
If a navigator, or entity seeking to become a navi-
gator, is a party to any arrangement with any health 
insurance issuer to receive compensation related to 
other health care programs not covered under this 
title, the entity shall disclose the terms of such com-
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(1) by striking ‘‘facility which burns’’ and in-
serting ‘‘facility (other than a facility described in 
paragraph (6)) which uses’’, and 
(2) by striking ‘‘COMBUSTION’’. 
(d) EXPANSION OF BIOMASS FACILITIES.— 
(1) OPEN-LOOP
BIOMASS
FACILITIES.—Para-
graph (3) of section 45(d) is amended by redesig-
nating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C) and 
by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(B) EXPANSION OF FACILITY.—Such term 
shall include a new unit placed in service after 
the date of the enactment of this subparagraph 
in connection with a facility described in sub-
paragraph (A), but only to the extent of the in-
creased amount of electricity produced at the fa-
cility by reason of such new unit.’’. 
(2) CLOSED-LOOP BIOMASS FACILITIES.—Para-
graph (2) of section 45(d) is amended by redesig-
nating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C) and 
inserting after subparagraph (A) the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(B) EXPANSION OF FACILITY.—Such term 
shall include a new unit placed in service after 
the date of the enactment of this subparagraph 
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