328 
(ii) reasons why such a reduction is not necessary to attain 
the primary NAAQS for carbon monoxide. 
(C) ADJUSTMENT.—The Administrator may make the same ad-
justment for purposes of this paragraph as may be made under 
section 215302(a)(3) of this title. 
(4) CONTINGENCY PROVISIONS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—For areas with a design value above 12.7 
parts per million at the time of classification, the plan provision 
shall provide for the implementation of specific measures to be un-
dertaken if— 
(i) any estimate of vehicle miles traveled in the area that 
is submitted in an annual report under paragraph (3) exceeds 
the number predicted in the most recent prior forecast; or 
(ii) if the area fails to attain the primary NAAQS for car-
bon monoxide by the primary standard attainment date. 
(B) INCLUSION IN PLAN PROVISION.—The measures shall be in-
cluded in the plan provision as contingency measures to take effect 
without further action by the State or the Administrator if— 
(i) the prior forecast has been exceeded by an updated fore-
cast; or 
(ii) the national standard is not attained by that deadline. 
(C) ADJUSTMENT.—The Administrator may make the same ad-
justment for purposes of this paragraph as may be made under 
section 215302(a)(3) of this title. 
(5) SAVINGS CLAUSE FOR VEHICLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 
PROVISIONS
OF
THE
STATE
IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN.—Immediately 
after November 15, 1990, for any moderate area (or, within the Ad-
ministrator’s discretion, portion thereof) the plan for which is of the 
type described in section 215203(a)(3)(C) of this title, the State shall 
submit any provisions necessary to ensure that the applicable imple-
mentation plan includes the vehicle inspection and maintenance pro-
gram described in section 215203(a)(3)(C) of this title. 
(6) PERIODIC INVENTORY.—Not later than the end of each 3-year 
period after September 30, 1995, until the area is redesignated to at-
tainment, the State shall submit a revised inventory meeting the re-
quirements of subsection (a)(1). 
(7) ENHANCED VEHICLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of moderate areas with a design 
value greater than 12.7 parts per million at the time of classifica-
tion, the State shall submit a provision that includes provisions for 
an enhanced vehicle inspection and maintenance program as re-
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329 
quired in section 215203(c)(5) of this title, except that the vehicle 
inspection and maintenance program shall be for the purpose of 
reducing carbon monoxide rather than hydrocarbon emissions. 
(B) ADJUSTMENT.—The Administrator may make the same ad-
justment for purposes of this paragraph as may be made under 
section 215302(a)(3) of this title. 
(8) ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION AND SPECIFIC ANNUAL EMISSION 
REDUCTIONS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of moderate areas with a design 
value greater than 12.7 parts per million at the time of classifica-
tion, the State shall submit a provision to provide, and a dem-
onstration that the plan as revised will provide, for attainment of 
the carbon monoxide NAAQSes by the applicable attainment date 
and provisions for such specific annual emission reductions as are 
necessary to attain the standard by that date. 
(B) ADJUSTMENT.—The Administrator may make the same ad-
justment for purposes of this paragraph as may be made under 
section 215302(a)(3) of this title. 
(9) SCHEDULE.—The Administrator may require States to submit a 
schedule for submitting any of the provisions or other items required 
under this subsection. 
(10) MODERATE AREAS WITH A DESIGN VALUE OF 12.7 PARTS PER 
MILLION OR LOWER.—In the case of a moderate area with a design 
value of 12.7 parts per million or lower at the time of classification, 
the requirements of this subsection shall apply in lieu of any require-
ment that the State submit a demonstration that the applicable imple-
mentation plan provides for attainment of the carbon monoxide stand-
ard by the applicable attainment date. 
(b) SERIOUS AREAS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State in which all or part of a serious area 
is located shall, with respect to the serious area— 
(A) make the submissions (other than those required under sub-
section (a)(2)) applicable under subsection (a) to moderate areas 
with a design value of 12.7 parts per million or greater at the time 
of classification; and 
(B) submit the provision and other items described under this 
subsection. 
(2) VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The State shall submit a provision that in-
cludes the transportation control measures as required in section 
215203(d)(3) of this title, except that the provision shall be for 
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the purpose of reducing carbon monoxide emissions rather than 
volatile organic compound emissions. 
(B) CLEAN FUEL FLEET PROGRAM.—In the case of a severe 
area (other than an area in New York State) that is a covered 
area (as defined in section 225106(a)(1)(B) of this title) for pur-
poses of the clean fuel fleet program under chapter 225, if the 
State fails to include a measure described in subparagraph (A), 
the implementation plan shall contain— 
(i) an explanation why such a measure was not adopted 
and what emission reduction measure was adopted to provide 
a comparable reduction in emissions; or 
(ii) reasons why such a reduction is not necessary to attain 
the primary NAAQS for carbon monoxide. 
(3) OXYGENATED GASOLINE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The State shall submit a provision to require 
that gasoline sold, supplied, offered for sale or supply, dispensed, 
transported, or introduced into commerce in the larger of— 
(i) the Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (as de-
fined by the Office of Management and Budget) in which the 
area is located; or 
(ii) if the area is not located in a Consolidated Metropoli-
tan Statistical Area, the Metropolitan Statistical Area (as de-
fined by the Office of Management and Budget) in which the 
area is located; 
be blended, during the portion of the year in which the area is 
prone to high ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide (as de-
termined by the Administrator), with fuels containing such a level 
of oxygen as is necessary, in combination with other measures, to 
provide for attainment of the carbon monoxide NAAQS by the ap-
plicable attainment date and maintenance of the NAAQS there-
after in the area. The provision shall include a program for imple-
mentation and enforcement of the requirement consistent with 
guidance issued by the Administrator. 
(B) PROVISION
NOT
NECESSARY.—Notwithstanding subpara-
graph (A), the provision described in this paragraph shall not be 
required for an area if the State demonstrates to the satisfaction 
of the Administrator that the provision is not necessary to provide 
for attainment of the carbon monoxide NAAQS by the applicable 
attainment date and maintenance of the NAAQS thereafter in the 
area. 
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(c) AREAS WITH SIGNIFICANT STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSIONS OF CAR-
BON MONOXIDE.— 
(1) SERIOUS AREAS.—In the case of serious areas in which sta-
tionary sources contribute significantly to carbon monoxide levels (as 
determined under regulations issued by the Administrator), the State 
shall submit a plan provision that provides that the term ‘‘major sta-
tionary source’’ includes (in addition to the sources described in section 
201101 of this title) any stationary source that emits, or has the poten-
tial to emit, 50 tons per year or more of carbon monoxide. 
(2) WAIVERS FOR CERTAIN AREAS.—The Administrator may, on a 
case-by-case basis, waive any requirements that pertain to transpor-
tation controls, inspection and maintenance, or oxygenated fuels where 
the Administrator determines by regulation that mobile sources of car-
bon monoxide do not contribute significantly to carbon monoxide levels 
in the area. 
(3) GUIDELINES.—The Administrator shall issue guidelines for and 
regulations determining whether stationary sources contribute signifi-
cantly to carbon monoxide levels in an area. 
(d) CARBON MONOXIDE MILESTONE.— 
(1) DEFINITION OF MILESTONE.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘mile-
stone’’ means a reduction in emissions of carbon monoxide equivalent 
to the total of the specific annual emission reductions required by De-
cember 31, 1995. 
(2) MILESTONE DEMONSTRATION.—Each State in which all or part 
of a serious area is located shall submit to the Administrator a dem-
onstration that the area has achieved the milestone. 
(3) ADEQUACY OF DEMONSTRATION.—A demonstration under this 
paragraph shall be submitted in such form and manner, and shall con-
tain such information and analysis, as the Administrator shall require. 
The Administrator shall determine whether or not a State’s demonstra-
tion is adequate within 90 days after the Administrator’s receipt of a 
demonstration that contains the information and analysis required by 
the Administrator. 
(4) FAILURE
TO
SUBMIT
DEMONSTRATION
OR
TO
MEET
MILE-
STONE.—If a State fails to submit a demonstration under paragraph 
(2) within the required period, or if the Administrator notifies the 
State that the State has not met the milestone, the State shall, within 
9 months after such a failure or notification, submit a plan revision 
to implement an economic incentive and transportation control program 
as described in section 215203(g)(4) of this title. The revision shall be 
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