and another disaster if mitigation plans are not im-
plemented quickly.
(5) In Gujarat, estimated damage from the
January 
26, 
2001, 
earthquake 
is 
between
$4,600,000,000 and $5,500,000,000. According to
the Indian Red Cross Society, infrastructure has
been severely damaged, including large scale collapse
of buildings, mine cave-ins, train derailments, and
power failure that has cut off the water supply. Al-
most 24,000 schools were damaged or destroyed,
and up to 14,000 of them will need to be rebuilt.
Also lost were 3 hospitals, and many health centers.
Devastation from the earthquake comes on top of an
already existing drought. Catholic Relief Services, on
the ground in India for 40 years, reports that needs
far outstrip projected aid.
(6) The people of the United States and India
have developed a strong friendship based on mutual
interests and respect. India is the world’s largest de-
mocracy and shares a common bond with the United
States in its development as a nation. The United
States is India’s largest trading partner and largest
investor.
(7) The people of the United States and El Sal-
vador share strong friendship and mutual interests
and respect. The United States is El Salvador’s
largest trading partner. El Salvador has worked
hard to consolidate peace and democracy after many
years of a difficult war, and has become an impor-
tant ally in the effort to stem the flow of illegal nar-
cotics.
(8) Approximately 150,000 lives are lost each
year through natural disasters. Statistics show that
97 percent of deaths from natural disasters occur in
developing countries. $100,000,000,000 is lost each
year in damages from natural disasters.
(9)(A) Studies show that investment in disaster
mitigation and preparedness pay off. In the United
States, the Federal Emergency Management Agency
reports that for every $1 spent on mitigation, at
least $2 are saved in costs toward reconstruction fol-
lowing disasters.
(B) In the developing world, savings are much
more dramatic. The World Bank reports that if only
10 percent of the costs of disaster relief and recov-
ery were instead spent on mitigation and prepared-
ness before disasters struck, a 7-fold return on in-
vestment would be seen.
(C) The Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
of the United States Agency for International Devel-
opment reports that following a 1998 flood in
Kinshasa, Congo, that caused $7,100,000 in dam-
ages, the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance spent
$130,000 to cleanup and mitigate against future
flooding. In 1999, similar flooding hit, but the miti-
gation 
efforts 
prevented 
damages, 
saving
$7,000,000.
(10)(A) House Concurrent Resolution 15, as
adopted by the House of Representatives on January
31, 2001, and Senate Concurrent Resolution 6, as
adopted by the Senate on February 8, 2001, re-
solved that Congress ‘‘expresses its support for con-
tinuing and substantially increasing the amount of
disaster assistance being provided [to India] by the
United States Agency for International Development
(USAID) and other relief agencies’’.
(B) Senate Resolution 18, as adopted by the
Senate on February 8, 2001, ‘‘encourages a contin-
ued commitment by the United States and other
countries to the long-term, sustainable development
of El Salvador’’.
(C) House Concurrent Resolution 41, as adopt-
ed by the House of Representatives on March 21,
2001, ‘‘expresses support for continuing and sub-
stantially increasing, in connection with these earth-
quakes, relief and reconstruction assistance provided
by relief agencies . . . including . . . the United
States Agency for International Development’’.
(11) In the wake of Hurricane Mitch, the Mitch
Consultative Group formulated what have become
known as the ‘‘Stockholm Principles’’, namely that
the reconstruction and transformation of the af-
fected countries should be guided by the following
goals and principles: (A) reduction of social and en-
vironmental vulnerability, (B) transparency and
good governance, (C) decentralization and civil soci-
ety participation, and (D) human rights and equal-
ity.
(12) Development assistance, aimed ultimately
toward poverty reduction, is the best mitigation
against catastrophic disaster.
(13) Nongovernmental organizations working
on the ground, such as CARE, Catholic Relief Serv-
ices, Habitat for Humanity International and others,
strive to focus on long-term sustainable development,
even in the midst of tragedy and immediate emer-
gency relief efforts.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
(1) the nature and scale of the earthquake dis-
asters that recently struck El Salvador and India
demonstrate that these are true disaster emergencies
and that the United States should respond by pro-
viding emergency disaster assistance;
(2)(A) emergency disaster assistance programs
must complement and work with development assist-
ance programs in order that the two types of pro-
grams reinforce one another; and
(B) emergency disaster assistance programs
should support and not undermine the long-term
sustainable development efforts of nongovernmental
organizations already working on the ground in
countries that have suffered disasters; and
(3) as such, regular United States bilateral de-
velopment assistance funds that have been reallo-
cated in order to meet the current emergency needs
for relief and recovery following the earthquakes in
India and El Salvador should be reimbursed with
the funds authorized in this Act.
SEC. 3. EMERGENCY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FOR INDIA
AND EL SALVADOR.
(a) 
EMERGENCY
DISASTER
ASSISTANCE.—The
President is authorized to provide assistance under chap-
ter 9 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2292 et seq.; relating to international disaster as-
sistance) for recovery from the earthquakes of January
and February 2001 in the Republic of India and the Re-
public of El Salvador.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) 
EMERGENCY
DISASTER
ASSISTANCE.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Presi-
dent $468,500,000 for fiscal year 2001 to carry out
subsection (a). Of such amount—
(A) not less than $117,600,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for recovery in India;
(B) not less than $301,400,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for recovery in El Sal-
vador;
(C) not less than $500,000 is authorized to
be appropriated for technical assistance to de-
velop emergency management systems in El
Salvador and India; and
(D) such sums as may be necessary are
authorized to be appropriated for operating ex-
penses of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development.
(2) REIMBURSEMENT.—There is authorized to
be appropriated to the President $73,000,000 for
fiscal year 2001 to reimburse the appropriate devel-