IV 
112TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 694 
Recognizing the 40th anniversary of title IX, the Federal law that prohibits 
sex discrimination in education, including high school and college sports 
and other activities. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 20, 2012 
Mrs. MALONEY (for herself, Ms. FUDGE, Ms. MOORE, Ms. NORTON, Ms. LEE 
of California, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Ms. RICHARDSON, 
Mr. TOWNS, Mr. CARNAHAN, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. MCDERMOTT, and Mr. 
MCGOVERN) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Education and the Workforce 
RESOLUTION 
Recognizing the 40th anniversary of title IX, the Federal 
law that prohibits sex discrimination in education, includ-
ing high school and college sports and other activities. 
Whereas the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimina-
tion in employment based on race, color, sex, national or-
igin, or religion; 
Whereas educational institutions were mostly excluded from 
Civil Rights Act prohibitions until 1972; 
Whereas from 1970–1972, Congress held a number of hear-
ings regarding sex discrimination in higher education; 
Whereas title IX is part of the Education Amendments of 
1972; 
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Whereas Representative Edith Green of Oregon introduced 
title IX; 
Whereas Patsy T. Mink worked as the major protector and 
defender of title IX, which was renamed the Patsy T. 
Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act; 
Whereas title IX states in part ‘‘No person in the United 
States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from partici-
pation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to 
discrimination under any education program or activity 
receiving Federal financial assistance. . . .’’; 
Whereas prior to title IX— 
(1) sex discrimination in educational institutions was 
rampant; 
(2) many colleges limited the number of women ad-
mitted by requiring higher grades and test scores for 
women than for men; 
(3) medical and law schools often had admission 
quotas of a handful or less of women students; 
(4) girls and women were typically discouraged by 
school personnel from preparing for most occupations 
other than the lower paying occupations dominated by 
women; 
(5) men were not allowed to enroll in schools of 
nursing; 
(6) access to high school and college athletic pro-
grams was very limited to women and girls; 
(7) high school and college female athletes often had 
to raise money for their equipment, uniforms, travel, and 
other costs; 
(8) pregnant students were often expelled from high 
schools; 
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(9) the percentage of women faculty members in 
1969 was less than such percentage in 1929; 
(10) women were not hired as faculty members; and 
(11) women faculty members, if hired, were paid less 
than men and often were not promoted; 
Whereas in educational institutions receiving Federal fund-
ing, title IX prohibits almost all discrimination against 
all students, male and female, on the basis of sex; 
Whereas ten major areas addressed by title IX include— 
(1) access to higher education; 
(2) career education; 
(3) education for pregnant and parenting students; 
(4) employment; 
(5) learning environment; 
(6) math and science; 
(7) technology; 
(8) sexual harassment and sexual violence; 
(9) standardized testing; and 
(10) athletics; 
Whereas although best known for its impact in sports, title 
IX has also created opportunities for women in math, 
law, science, and other fields where women and girls have 
historically faced considerable barriers to access and in-
volvement; 
Whereas title IX requires schools and colleges receiving Fed-
eral funds to give women and girls equal opportunities to 
play sports by requiring equal treatment for women and 
girls in regard to athletic scholarships and other benefits 
such as coaching, equipment, and facilities; 
Whereas the impact of title IX has been tremendous, as 
today— 
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(1) women comprise more than half of under-
graduate students; 
(2) women earn more than half of all bachelor’s de-
grees in biological and social sciences; 
(3) women comprise about half of all students in 
medical and law schools; and 
(4) girls’ participation in high school sports has in-
creased more than tenfold; and 
Whereas there is more work to be done to end sex discrimina-
tion, including the fact that— 
(1) women’s advancement in some areas, such as 
computer science, engineering, and technical fields has 
stalled or decreased; 
(2) pregnant and parenting students are often im-
pacted by policies that hinder them from finishing and 
obtaining higher education; 
(3) sexual harassment affects a large number of 
male and female students at all levels of education; 
(4) many people are unaware that title IX also cov-
ers sexual violence and bullying that contains sexual con-
tent against girls and women; and 
(5) the number of female high school athletes today 
is still less than the number of male high school athletes 
who were participating in sports when title IX was 
passed in 1972: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) recognizes the 40th anniversary of title IX 
and its groundbreaking influence for girls and 
women throughout the United States; 
(2) affirms the equal treatment of men and 
women and boys and girls; and 
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(3) strives to work towards a time when women 
and girls can achieve true equality in athletics, edu-
cation, and employment. 
Æ 
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