can improve child outcomes. More than a quarter of 
infant-toddler teachers have only a high school edu-
cation, twice the rate for teachers of preschool age 
children. 19 percent of infant-toddler teachers have 
a bachelor’s degree compared with 45 percent of 
teachers of 3–5 year olds. Twenty-seven States have 
an infant-toddler credential defining the particular 
knowledge and skills needed to work with children 
younger than 3 years of age, but only 17 States re-
quire specific qualifications for infant-toddler staff. 
(10) Twenty-four percent of infants and tod-
dlers receiving CCDBG subsidies are cared for in 
family child care homes. Family child care networks 
that create a supportive relationship with a specially 
trained coordinator and provide on-site training and 
mentoring have been shown to improve the quality 
of family child care providers. 
(11) Twenty-seven States use infant and tod-
dler specialist networks as the structure for pro-
viding training and technical assistance, using re-
search-based training and techniques such as men-
toring and on-site coaching, to all types of providers 
of child care for infants or toddlers. 
(12) Infants and toddlers have unique needs 
that differ from those of older children in areas such 
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as health and safety, interaction with teachers and 
caregivers, and learning, yet not all States recognize 
those differences in their Quality Rating and Im-
provement Systems. Just 16 States have infant and 
toddler standards in their Quality Rating and Im-
provement Systems. 
SEC. 3. MANDATORY CHILD CARE FUNDING FOR FAMILIES 
WITH INFANTS OR TODDLERS. 
Section 418 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
618) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) SUPPLEMENTAL ENTITLEMENT
FOR CHILD 
CARE ASSISTANCE
FOR FAMILIES WITH INFANTS
OR 
TODDLERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State to which an 
amount is required to be paid under subsection 
(a)(2)(C) for a fiscal year shall, for the purpose of 
providing child care assistance for families with a 
child who has not attained 3 years of age, be enti-
tled to payments for the fiscal year under a grant 
made under this subsection. 
‘‘(2) FEDERAL MATCHING OF STATE EXPENDI-
TURES.—The amount of the grant payable to a 
State under this subsection for a fiscal year shall be 
the lesser of— 
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‘‘(A) the allotment of the State under 
paragraph (3) for the fiscal year; or 
‘‘(B) the Federal medical assistance per-
centage for the State for the fiscal year (as de-
fined in section 1905(b), as such section was in 
effect on September 30, 1995) of the total 
amount of the State’s expenditures for child 
care in the fiscal year not taken into account 
under subsection (a)(2) for the fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) ALLOTMENTS TO STATES.—The allotment 
of a State under this paragraph for a fiscal year 
shall be— 
‘‘(A) the total amount available for pay-
ments to States under this subsection for the 
fiscal year, after making the reservation re-
quired by paragraph (6); multiplied by 
‘‘(B)(i) the number of children who have 
not attained 3 years of age who reside in the 
State; divided by 
‘‘(ii) the total number of such children who 
reside in all States. 
‘‘(4) REDISTRIBUTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The 1st sentence of 
subsection (a)(2)(D)(i) shall apply with respect 
to amounts appropriated under paragraph (5) 
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of this subsection in the same manner in which 
that sentence applies with respect to amounts 
appropriated under subsection (a)(3). The 
amounts available for redistribution by reason 
of the preceding sentence shall be redistributed 
to a State based on the formula set forth in 
paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection. 
‘‘(B) TIME OF DETERMINATION AND DIS-
TRIBUTION.—Subsection 
(a)(2)(D)(ii) 
shall 
apply with respect to amounts appropriated 
under paragraph (5) of this subsection in the 
same manner in which subsection (a)(2)(D)(ii) 
applies with respect to amounts appropriated 
under subsection (a)(3). 
‘‘(5) APPROPRIATION.—For grants under this 
subsection, there are appropriated $2,000,000,000 
for each fiscal year. 
‘‘(6) INDIAN TRIBES.—The Secretary shall re-
serve not less than 1 percent, and not more than 2 
percent, of the aggregate amount appropriated to 
carry out this section in each fiscal year for pay-
ments to Indian tribes and tribal organizations. 
‘‘(7) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Notwithstanding sub-
section (c), subsection (b) shall apply with respect to 
amounts appropriated under paragraph (5) of this 
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subsection in the same manner in which subsection 
(b) applies with respect to amounts appropriated 
under subsection (a)(3), except that amounts re-
ceived by a State under this subsection shall be 
used— 
‘‘(A) to provide child care assistance only 
to families described in paragraph (1) of this 
subsection who are not otherwise receiving child 
care assistance under this section; and 
‘‘(B) to increase reimbursement rates to 
providers of child care services to such fami-
lies.’’. 
SEC. 4. HIGH-QUALITY INFANT AND TODDLER CHILD CARE 
PROGRAM. 
(a) HIGH-QUALITY INFANT
AND TODDLER CARE 
PROGRAM.—The Child Care and Development Block 
Grant Act of 1990 is amended by inserting after section 
658G (42 U.S.C. 9858e) the following: 
‘‘SEC. 658H. HIGH-QUALITY INFANT AND TODDLER CARE 
PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) ELIGIBLE INFANT OR TODDLER CARE PRO-
VIDER.—The term ‘eligible infant or toddler care 
provider’ means an eligible child care provider, con-
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sistent with section 658P, who provides care to an 
infant or toddler. 
‘‘(2) INFANT OR TODDLER.—The term ‘infant 
or toddler’ means an individual under 3 years of 
age. 
‘‘(3) INFANT OR TODDLER WITH A DEVELOP-
MENTAL DELAY OR DISABILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘infant or 
toddler with a developmental delay or disability’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘infant or tod-
dler with a disability’ in section 632 of the Indi-
viduals with Disabilities Education Act (20 
U.S.C. 1432). 
‘‘(B) PLURAL FORM.—The term ‘infants 
and toddlers with developmental delays or dis-
abilities’ means more than 1 infant or toddler 
with a developmental delay or disability. 
‘‘(4) DUAL
LANGUAGE
LEARNER.—The term 
‘dual language learner’ means an individual who is 
limited English proficient as defined in section 637 
of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9832). 
‘‘(5) LOW-INCOME
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘low-income community’ shall be defined by the Sec-
retary. 
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