414 
and biomass-based diesel, determined in accordance 
with subparagraph (B); and 
(bb) in the case of any such renewable fuel pro-
duced from new facilities that commence construc-
tion after December 19, 2007, achieves at least a 20 
percent reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas emis-
sions compared with baseline lifecycle greenhouse 
gas emissions. 
(ii) NONCONTIGUOUS STATE OPT-IN.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—On the petition of a noncontiguous 
State or territory, the Administrator may allow the re-
newable fuel program established under this subsection 
to apply in the noncontiguous State or territory at the 
same time or any time after the Administrator promul-
gates regulations under clause (i). 
(II) OTHER ACTIONS.—In carrying out this clause, the 
Administrator may— 
(aa) promulgate or revise regulations under this 
paragraph; 
(bb) establish applicable percentages under para-
graph (3); 
(cc) provide for the generation of credits under 
paragraph (5); and 
(dd) take such other actions as are necessary to 
allow for the application of the renewable fuels pro-
gram in a noncontiguous State or territory. 
(iii) PROVISIONS
OF
REGULATIONS.—Regardless of the 
date of promulgation, the regulations promulgated under 
clause (i)— 
(I) shall contain compliance provisions applicable to 
refineries, blenders, distributors, and importers, as ap-
propriate, to ensure that the requirements of this para-
graph are met; but 
(II) shall not— 
(aa) restrict geographic areas in which renewable 
fuel may be used; or 
(bb) impose any per-gallon obligation for the use 
of renewable fuel. 
(B) APPLICABLE VOLUME.— 
(i) SPECIFIED CALENDAR YEARS.— 
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(I) RENEWABLE FUEL.—For the purpose of subpara-
graph (A), the applicable volume of renewable fuel for 
calendar years 2009 to 2022 specified in the following 
table shall be determined in accordance with the fol-
lowing table: 
Calendar year: 
Applicable 
volume of 
renewable 
fuel 
(in billions of 
gallons): 
2009 .................................................................................................................
11.10
2010 .................................................................................................................
12.95
2011 .................................................................................................................
13.95
2012 .................................................................................................................
15.20
2013 .................................................................................................................
16.55
2014 .................................................................................................................
18.15
2015 .................................................................................................................
20.50
2016 .................................................................................................................
22.25
2017 .................................................................................................................
24.00
2018 .................................................................................................................
26.00
2019 .................................................................................................................
28.00
2020 .................................................................................................................
30.00
2021 .................................................................................................................
33.00
2022 .................................................................................................................
36.00. 
(II) ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—For the purpose of sub-
paragraph (A), of the volume of renewable fuel required 
under subclause (I), the applicable volume of advanced 
biofuel for calendar years 2009 to 2022 shall be deter-
mined in accordance with the following table: 
Calendar year: 
Applicable 
volume of 
advanced 
biofuel 
(in billions of 
gallons): 
2009 .................................................................................................................
0.60
2010 .................................................................................................................
0.95
2011 .................................................................................................................
1.35
2012 .................................................................................................................
2.00
2013 .................................................................................................................
2.75
2014 .................................................................................................................
3.75
2015 .................................................................................................................
5.50
2016 .................................................................................................................
7.25
2017 .................................................................................................................
9.00
2018 .................................................................................................................
11.00
2019 .................................................................................................................
13.00
2020 .................................................................................................................
15.00
2021 .................................................................................................................
18.00
2022 .................................................................................................................
21.00. 
(III) CELLULOSIC BIOFUEL.—For the purpose of sub-
paragraph (A), of the volume of advanced biofuel re-
quired under subclause (II), the applicable volume of cel-
lulosic biofuel for calendar years 2010 to 2022 shall be 
determined in accordance with the following table: 
Calendar year: 
Applicable 
volume of 
cellulosic 
biofuel 
(in billions of 
gallons): 
2010 .................................................................................................................
0.10
2011 .................................................................................................................
0.25
2012 .................................................................................................................
0.50
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Calendar year: 
Applicable 
volume of 
cellulosic 
biofuel 
(in billions of 
gallons): 
2013 .................................................................................................................
1.00
2014 .................................................................................................................
1.75
2015 .................................................................................................................
3.00
2016 .................................................................................................................
4.25
2017 .................................................................................................................
5.50
2018 .................................................................................................................
7.00
2019 .................................................................................................................
8.50
2020 .................................................................................................................
10.50
2021 .................................................................................................................
13.50
2022 .................................................................................................................
16.00. 
(IV) BIOMASS-BASED
DIESEL.—For the purpose of 
subparagraph (A), of the volume of advanced biofuel re-
quired under subclause (II), the applicable volume of bio-
mass-based diesel for calendar years 2009 to 2012 shall 
be determined in accordance with the following table: 
Calendar year: 
Applicable 
volume of 
biomass- 
based diesel 
(in billions of 
gallons): 
2009 .................................................................................................................
0.50
2010 .................................................................................................................
0.65
2011 .................................................................................................................
0.80
2012 .................................................................................................................
1.00. 
(ii) OTHER CALENDAR YEARS.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—For the purposes of subparagraph 
(A), the applicable volumes of each fuel specified in the 
tables in clause (i) for calendar years after the calendar 
years specified in the tables shall be determined by the 
Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary of En-
ergy and the Secretary of Agriculture, based on a review 
of the implementation of the program during calendar 
years specified in the tables, and an analysis of— 
(aa) the impact of the production and use of re-
newable fuels on the environment, including on air 
quality, climate change, conversion of wetland, eco-
systems, wildlife habitat, water quality, and water 
supply; 
(bb) the impact of renewable fuels on the energy 
security of the United States; 
(cc) the expected annual rate of future commer-
cial production of renewable fuels, including ad-
vanced biofuels in each category (cellulosic biofuel 
and biomass-based diesel); 
(dd) the impact of renewable fuels on the infra-
structure of the United States, including deliver-
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ability of materials, goods, and products other than 
renewable fuel, and the sufficiency of infrastructure 
to deliver and use renewable fuel; 
(ee) the impact of the use of renewable fuels on 
the cost to consumers of transportation fuel and on 
the cost to transport goods; and 
(ff) the impact of the use of renewable fuels on 
other factors, including job creation, the price and 
supply of agricultural commodities, rural economic 
development, and food prices. 
(II) REGULATIONS.—The Administrator shall promul-
gate regulations establishing the applicable volumes 
under subclause (I) not later than 14 months before the 
1st year for which the applicable volume applies. 
(iii) APPLICABLE VOLUME OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—For 
the purpose of making the determinations under clause (ii), 
for each calendar year, the applicable volume of advanced 
biofuel shall be at least the same percentage of the applicable 
volume of renewable fuel as for calendar year 2022. 
(iv) APPLICABLE VOLUME OF CELLULOSIC BIOFUEL.—For 
the purpose of making the determinations under clause (ii), 
for each calendar year, the applicable volume of cellulosic 
biofuel established by the Administrator shall be based on the 
assumption that the Administrator will not need to issue a 
waiver for those years under paragraph (7)(D). 
(v) MINIMUM
APPLICABLE
VOLUME
OF
BIOMASS-BASED 
DIESEL.—For the purpose of making the determinations 
under clause (ii), the applicable volume of biomass-based die-
sel shall be not less than the applicable volume listed in 
clause (i)(IV) for calendar year 2012. 
(3) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGES.— 
(A) PROVISION
OF
ESTIMATE
OF
VOLUMES
OF
GASOLINE 
SALES.—Not later than October 31 of each of calendar years 2009 
to 2021, the Administrator of the Energy Information Administra-
tion shall provide to the Administrator an estimate, with respect 
to the following calendar year, of the volumes of transportation 
fuel, biomass-based diesel, and cellulosic biofuel projected to be 
sold or introduced into commerce. 
(B) DETERMINATION OF APPLICABLE PERCENTAGES.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than November 30 of each of 
calendar years 2009 to 2021, based on the estimate provided 
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under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall determine 
and publish in the Federal Register, with respect to the fol-
lowing calendar year, the renewable fuel obligation that en-
sures that the requirements of paragraph (2) are met. 
(ii) REQUIRED ELEMENTS.—The renewable fuel obligation 
determined for a calendar year under clause (i) shall— 
(I) be applicable to refineries, blenders, and importers, 
as appropriate; 
(II) be expressed in terms of a volume percentage of 
transportation fuel sold or introduced into commerce; 
and 
(III) subject to subparagraph (C)(i), consist of a sin-
gle applicable percentage that applies to all categories of 
persons specified in subclause (I). 
(C) ADJUSTMENTS.—In determining the applicable percentage 
for a calendar year, the Administrator shall make adjustments— 
(i) to prevent the imposition of redundant obligations on 
any person specified in subparagraph (B)(ii)(I); and 
(ii) to account for the use of renewable fuel during the pre-
vious calendar year by small refineries that are exempt under 
paragraph (8). 
(4) MODIFICATION
OF
GREENHOUSE
GAS
REDUCTION
PERCENT-
AGES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may, in the regulations 
under paragraph (2)(A)(i)(II), adjust the 20 percent, 50 percent, 
and 60 percent reductions in lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions 
specified in paragraphs (2)(A)(i) (relating to renewable fuel), 
(1)(D) (relating to biomass-based diesel), (1)(B)(i) (relating to ad-
vanced biofuel), and (1)(E) (relating to cellulosic biofuel) to a 
lower percentage. For the 50 and 60 percent reductions, the Ad-
ministrator may make such an adjustment only if the Adminis-
trator determines that generally such a reduction is not commer-
cially feasible for fuels made using a variety of feedstocks, tech-
nologies, and processes to meet the applicable reduction. 
(B) AMOUNT OF ADJUSTMENT.—In promulgating regulations 
under this paragraph, the Administrator shall not— 
(i) reduce to below 40 percent the specified 50 percent re-
duction in greenhouse gas emissions from advanced biofuel 
and in biomass-based diesel; 
(ii) reduce to below 10 percent the specified 20 percent re-
duction in greenhouse gas emissions from renewable fuel; or 
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(iii) reduce to below 50 percent the specified 60 percent re-
duction in greenhouse gas emissions from cellulosic biofuel. 
(C) ADJUSTED REDUCTION LEVELS.—An adjustment under this 
paragraph to a percentage less than the specified 20 percent 
greenhouse gas reduction for renewable fuel shall be the minimum 
possible adjustment, and the adjusted greenhouse gas reduction 
shall be established by the Administrator at the maximum achiev-
able level, taking cost into consideration, for natural gas fired 
corn-based ethanol plants, allowing for the use of a variety of tech-
nologies and processes. An adjustment in the 50 or 60 percent 
greenhouse gas levels shall be the minimum possible adjustment 
for the fuel or fuels concerned, and the adjusted greenhouse gas 
reduction shall be established at the maximum achievable level, 
taking cost into consideration, allowing for the use of a variety of 
feedstocks, technologies, and processes. 
(D) 5-YEAR REVIEW.—When the Administrator makes any ad-
justment under this paragraph, not later than 5 years thereafter 
the Administrator shall review and revise (based on the same cri-
teria and standards as are required for the initial adjustment) the 
regulations establishing the adjusted level. 
(E) SUBSEQUENT ADJUSTMENTS.—After the Administrator pro-
mulgates a regulation under paragraph (2)(A)(i)(II) with respect 
to the method of determining lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, 
except as provided in subparagraph (D), the Administrator shall 
not adjust the percentage greenhouse gas reduction levels unless 
the Administrator determines that there has been a significant 
change in the analytical methodology used for determining the 
lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. If the Administrator makes 
such a determination, the Administrator may adjust the 20, 50, 
or 60 percent reduction levels through rulemaking using the cri-
teria and standards set forth in this paragraph. 
(F) LIMIT ON UPWARD ADJUSTMENTS.—If, under subparagraph 
(D) or (E), the Administrator revises a percentage level adjusted 
as provided in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) to a higher per-
centage, the higher percentage shall not exceed the applicable per-
cent specified in paragraph (2)(A)(i), (1)(D), (1)(B)(i), or (1)(E). 
(G) APPLICABILITY OF ADJUSTMENTS.—If the Administrator 
adjusts or revises a percentage level described in this paragraph 
or makes a change in the analytical methodology used for deter-
mining the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, the adjustment, re-
vision, or change (or any combination thereof) shall apply only to 
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renewable fuel from new facilities that commence construction 
after the effective date of the adjustment, revision, or change. 
(5) CREDIT PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The regulations promulgated under para-
graph (2)(A) shall provide— 
(i) for the generation of an appropriate amount of credits 
by any person that refines, blends, or imports gasoline that 
contains a quantity of renewable fuel that is greater than the 
quantity required under paragraph (2); 
(ii) for the generation of an appropriate amount of credits 
for biodiesel; and 
(iii) for the generation of credits by small refineries in ac-
cordance with paragraph (8)(C). 
(B) USE OF CREDITS.—A person that generates credits under 
subparagraph (A) may use the credits, or transfer all or a portion 
of the credits to another person, for the purpose of complying with 
paragraph (2). 
(C) DURATION OF CREDITS.—A credit generated under this 
paragraph shall be valid to show compliance for the 12 months as 
of the date of generation. 
(D) INABILITY TO GENERATE OR PURCHASE SUFFICIENT CRED-
ITS.—The regulations promulgated under paragraph (2)(A) shall 
include provisions allowing any person that is unable to generate 
or purchase sufficient credits to meet the requirements of para-
graph (2) to carry forward a renewable fuel deficit on condition 
that the person, in the calendar year following the year in which 
the renewable fuel deficit is created— 
(i) achieves compliance with the renewable fuel requirement 
under paragraph (2); and 
(ii) generates or purchases additional renewable fuel credits 
to offset the renewable fuel deficit of the previous year. 
(E) CREDITS FOR ADDITIONAL RENEWABLE FUEL.—The Ad-
ministrator may issue regulations providing for— 
(i) the generation of an appropriate amount of credits by 
any person that refines, blends, or imports additional renew-
able fuels specified by the Administrator; and 
(ii) the use of such credits by the generator, or the transfer 
of all or a portion of the credits to another person, for the 
purpose of complying with paragraph (2). 
(6) SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN RENEWABLE FUEL USE.— 
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(A) STUDY.—For each of calendar years 2006 to 2012, the Ad-
ministrator of the Energy Information Administration shall con-
duct a study of renewable fuel blending to determine whether 
there are excessive seasonal variations in the use of renewable fuel. 
(B) REGULATION OF EXCESSIVE SEASONAL VARIATIONS.—If, 
for any calendar year, the Administrator of the Energy Informa-
tion Administration, based on the study under subparagraph (A), 
makes the determinations specified in subparagraph (C), the Ad-
ministrator of EPA shall promulgate regulations to ensure that 25 
percent or more of the quantity of renewable fuel necessary to 
meet the requirements of paragraph (2) is used during each of the 
2 periods specified in subparagraph (D) of each subsequent cal-
endar year. 
(C) DETERMINATIONS.—The determinations referred to in sub-
paragraph (B) are that— 
(i) less than 25 percent of the quantity of renewable fuel 
necessary to meet the requirements of paragraph (2) has been 
used during 1 of the 2 periods specified in subparagraph (D) 
of the calendar year; 
(ii) a pattern of excessive seasonal variation described in 
clause (i) will continue in subsequent calendar years; and 
(iii) promulgating regulations or other requirements to im-
pose a 25 percent or more seasonal use of renewable fuels will 
not prevent or interfere with the attainment of NAAQSes or 
significantly increase the price of motor fuels to the con-
sumer. 
(D) PERIODS.—The 2 periods referred to in this paragraph 
are— 
(i) April to September; and 
(ii) January to March and October to December. 
(E) EXCLUSION.—Renewable fuel blended or consumed in cal-
endar year 2006 in a State that has received a waiver under sec-
tion 221109(b) of this title shall not be included in the study 
under subparagraph (A). 
(F) STATE EXEMPTION FROM SEASONALITY REQUIREMENTS.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the seasonality re-
quirement relating to renewable fuel use established by this para-
graph shall not apply to any State that has received a waiver 
under section 221109(b) of this title or any State dependent on 
refineries in that State for gasoline supplies. 
(7) WAIVERS.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—On petition by 1 or more States, by any per-
son subject to the requirements of this subsection, or by the Ad-
ministrator on the Administrator’s own motion, the Administrator, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Sec-
retary of Energy, may waive the requirements of paragraph (2) in 
whole or in part by reducing the national quantity of renewable 
fuel required under paragraph (2) based on a determination by the 
Administrator, after public notice and opportunity for comment, 
that— 
(i) implementation of the requirement would severely harm 
the economy or environment of a State, a region, or the 
United States; or 
(ii) there is an inadequate domestic supply. 
(B) PETITIONS FOR WAIVERS.—The Administrator, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of En-
ergy, shall approve or disapprove a petition for a waiver of the re-
quirements of paragraph (2) within 90 days after the date on 
which the petition is received by the Administrator. 
(C) TERMINATION OF WAIVERS.—A waiver granted under sub-
paragraph (A) shall terminate after 1 year, but may be renewed 
by the Administrator after consultation with the Secretary of Agri-
culture and the Secretary of Energy. 
(D) CELLULOSIC BIOFUEL.— 
(i) PROJECTED VOLUME LESS THAN THE MINIMUM APPLI-
CABLE VOLUME.— 
(I) REDUCTION OF APPLICABLE VOLUME.—For any 
calendar year for which the projected volume of cellulosic 
biofuel production is less than the minimum applicable 
volume established under paragraph (2)(B), as deter-
mined by the Administrator based on the estimate pro-
vided under paragraph (3)(A), not later than November 
30 of the preceding calendar year, the Administrator 
shall reduce the applicable volume of cellulosic biofuel re-
quired under paragraph (2)(B) to the projected volume 
available during that calendar year. 
(II) RENEWABLE FUEL AND ADVANCED BIOFUELS.— 
For any calendar year for which the Administrator 
makes a reduction under subclause (I), the Adminis-
trator may also reduce the applicable volume of renew-
able fuel and advanced biofuels requirement established 
under paragraph (2)(B) by the same or a lesser volume. 
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(ii) CREDITS.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.— When the Administrator reduces 
the minimum cellulosic biofuel volume under this sub-
paragraph, the Administrator shall make available for 
sale cellulosic biofuel credits at the higher of $0.25 per 
gallon or the amount by which $3.00 per gallon exceeds 
the average wholesale price of a gallon of gasoline in the 
United States. 
(II) ADJUSTMENT
FOR
INFLATION.—The Adminis-
trator shall adjust the amounts in subclause (I) for infla-
tion for years after 2008. 
(iii) REGULATIONS.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall promulgate 
regulations to govern the issuance of credits under this 
subparagraph. 
(II) PRICE OF CREDITS.—The regulations shall set 
forth the method for determining the exact price of cred-
its in the event of a waiver. The price of such credits 
shall not be changed more frequently than once each 
quarter. 
(III) MARKET LIQUIDITY AND TRANSPARENCY; CER-
TAINTY; LIMITATION OF MISUSE; OTHER PURPOSES.— 
The regulations shall include— 
(aa) such provisions, including limiting the uses 
and useful life of credits, as the Administrator con-
siders appropriate to— 
(AA) assist market liquidity and trans-
parency; 
(BB) provide appropriate certainty for regu-
lated entities and renewable fuel producers; 
and 
(CC) limit any potential misuse of cellulosic 
biofuel credits to reduce the use of other re-
newable fuels; and 
(bb) provisions for such other purposes as the 
Administrator determines will help achieve the goals 
of this subsection. 
(IV) NUMBER
OF
CREDITS.—The regulations shall 
limit the number of cellulosic biofuel credits for any cal-
endar year to the minimum applicable volume (as re-
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Secretary of Energy, shall consider the findings of the study 
under subparagraph (A)(ii) and other economic factors. 
(iii) DEADLINE FOR ACTION ON PETITIONS.—The Adminis-
trator shall act on any petition submitted by a small refinery 
for a hardship exemption not later than 90 days after the 
date of receipt of the petition. 
(C) CREDIT PROGRAM.—If a small refinery notifies the Admin-
istrator that the small refinery waives the exemption under sub-
paragraph (A), the regulations promulgated under paragraph 
(2)(A) shall provide for the generation of credits by the small re-
finery under paragraph (5) beginning in the calendar year fol-
lowing the date of notification. 
(D) OPT-IN FOR SMALL REFINERIES.—A small refinery shall be 
subject to the requirements of paragraph (2) if the small refinery 
notifies the Administrator that the small refinery waives the ex-
emption under subparagraph (A). 
(9) ETHANOL MARKET CONCENTRATION ANALYSIS.— 
(A) ANALYSIS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Trade Commission shall an-
nually perform a market concentration analysis of the ethanol 
production industry using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to 
determine whether there is sufficient competition among in-
dustry participants to avoid price-setting and other anti-
competitive behavior. 
(ii) SCORING.—For the purpose of scoring under clause (i) 
using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, all marketing ar-
rangements among industry participants shall be considered. 
(B) REPORT.—The Federal Trade Commission shall annually 
submit to Congress and the Administrator a report on the results 
of the market concentration analysis performed under subpara-
graph (A)(i). 
(10) PERIODIC REVIEWS.—To allow for the appropriate adjustment 
of the requirements described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2), 
the Administrator shall conduct periodic reviews of— 
(A) existing technologies; 
(B) the feasibility of achieving compliance with the require-
ments; and 
(C) the impacts of the requirements described in subsection 
(a)(2) on each individual and entity described in paragraph (2). 
(11) EFFECT ON OTHER PROVISIONS.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this subsection (including regula-
tions under this subsection) shall affect or be construed to— 
(i) affect the regulatory status of carbon dioxide or any 
other greenhouse gas; or 
(ii) expand or limit regulatory authority regarding carbon 
dioxide or any other greenhouse gas for purposes of other 
provisions of this chapter. 
(B) NO EFFECT ON IMPLEMENTATION OR ENFORCEMENT.— 
Subparagraph (A) shall not affect implementation and enforce-
ment of this subsection. 
(12) ENVIRONMENTAL AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION IMPACTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Every 3 years the Administrator, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of 
Energy, shall assess and submit to Congress a report on the im-
pacts to date and likely future impacts of the requirements of this 
subsection on— 
(i) environmental issues, including air quality, effects on 
hypoxia, pesticides, sediment, nutrient and pathogen levels in 
bodies of water, acreage and function of bodies of water, and 
soil environmental quality; 
(ii) resource conservation issues, including soil conserva-
tion, water availability, and ecosystem health and biodiversity, 
including impacts on forests, grassland, and wetland; and 
(iii) the growth and use of cultivated invasive or noxious 
plants and their impacts on the environment and agriculture. 
(B) VIEWS OF OTHERS.—Before preparing a report under sub-
paragraph (A), the Administrator may seek the views of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences or another appropriate independent re-
search institute. 
(C) CONTENTS.—A report under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) disclose the annual volume of imported renewable fuels 
and feedstocks for renewable fuels; 
(ii) describe the environmental impacts outside the United 
States of producing renewable fuels and feedstocks for renew-
able fuels; and 
(iii) include recommendations for actions to address any 
adverse impacts found. 
(p) ANALYSES OF MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL CHANGES AND EMISSIONS 
MODEL.— 
(1) ANTIBACKSLIDING ANALYSIS.— 
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(A) DRAFT ANALYSIS.—Not later than 4 years after August 8, 
2005, the Administrator shall publish for public comment a draft 
analysis of the changes in emissions of air pollutants and air qual-
ity due to the use of motor vehicle fuel and fuel additives resulting 
from implementation of the amendments made by the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (119 Stat. 594). 
(B) FINAL ANALYSIS.—After providing a reasonable opportunity 
for comment but not later than 5 years after August 8, 2005, the 
Administrator shall publish the analysis in final form. 
(2) EMISSIONS MODEL.—For the purposes of this section, not later 
than 4 years after August 8, 2005, the Administrator shall develop and 
finalize an emissions model that reflects, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the effects of gasoline characteristics or components on emis-
sions from vehicles in the motor vehicle fleet during calendar year 
2007. 
(q) CONVERSION ASSISTANCE FOR CELLULOSIC BIOMASS, WASTE-DE-
RIVED ETHANOL, AND APPROVED RENEWABLE FUELS.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) APPROVED RENEWABLE FUEL.—The term ‘‘approved re-
newable fuel’’ means a fuel or component of fuel that has been ap-
proved by the Secretary of Energy and is made from renewable 
biomass. 
(B) OLD
GROWTH
TIMBER.—The term ‘‘old-growth timber’’ 
means timber of a forest from the late successional stage of forest 
development. 
(C) RENEWABLE
BIOMASS.—The term ‘‘renewable biomass’’ 
means any organic matter that is available on a renewable or re-
curring basis (excluding old-growth timber), including dedicated 
energy crops and trees, agricultural food and feed crop residues, 
aquatic plants, animal wastes, wood and wood residues, paper and 
paper residues, and other vegetative waste materials. 
(2) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy may provide grants to 
merchant producers of cellulosic biomass ethanol, waste-derived eth-
anol, and approved renewable fuels in the United States to assist the 
producers in building eligible production facilities described in para-
graph (3) for the production of ethanol or approved renewable fuels. 
(3) ELIGIBLE PRODUCTION FACILITIES.—A production facility shall 
be eligible to receive a grant under this subsection if the production 
facility— 
(A) is located in the United States; and 
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(B) uses cellulosic or renewable biomass or waste-derived feed-
stocks derived from agricultural residues, wood residues, municipal 
solid waste, or agricultural byproducts. 
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out this subsection— 
(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 
(B) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 
(C) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
(r) BLENDING OF COMPLIANT REFORMULATED GASOLINES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsections (h) and (k) and sub-
ject to the limitations in paragraph (2), it shall not be a violation of 
this chapter for a gasoline retailer, during any month of the year, to 
blend at a retail location batches of ethanol-blended and non-ethanol- 
blended reformulated gasoline if— 
(A) each batch of gasoline to be blended has been individually 
certified as in compliance with subsections (h) and (k) prior to 
being blended; 
(B) the retailer notifies the Administrator prior to the blending, 
and identifies the exact location of the retail station and the spe-
cific tank in which the blending will take place; 
(C) the retailer retains and, as requested by the Administrator 
or the Administrator’s designee, makes available for inspection the 
certifications accounting for all gasoline at the retail outlet; and 
(D) the retailer does not, between June 1 and September 15 of 
any year, blend a batch of volatile organic compound-controlled 
gasoline (summer gasoline) with a batch of non-volatile organic 
compound-controlled gasoline (winter gasoline) (as those terms are 
defined under subsections (h) and (k)). 
(2) LIMITATIONS.— 
(A) FREQUENCY LIMITATION.—A retailer shall be permitted to 
blend batches of compliant reformulated gasoline under this sub-
section during a maximum of 2 blending periods between May 1 
and September 15 of any year. 
(B) DURATION OF BLENDING PERIOD.—Each blending period 
authorized under subparagraph (A) shall extend for a period of 
not more than 10 consecutive calendar days. 
(3) SURVEYS.—A sample of gasoline taken from a retail location 
that has blended gasoline within the past 30 days and is in compliance 
with subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of paragraph (1) shall not 
be used in a volatile organic compound survey mandated by part 80 
of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations. 
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