I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3145 
To allow property owners the discretion to make decisions regarding how 
many parking spots to provide in connection with certain new residential 
and commercial developments, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 9, 2023 
Mr. ROBERT GARCIA of California (for himself, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. 
MOULTON, and Mr. CASAR) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Financial Services 
A BILL 
To allow property owners the discretion to make decisions 
regarding how many parking spots to provide in connec-
tion with certain new residential and commercial develop-
ments, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘People Over Parking 
Act of 2023’’. 
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SEC. 2. PREEMPTION OF STATE AND LOCAL LAWS REQUIR-
ING THE PROVISION OF PARKING SPOTS FOR 
NEW DEVELOPMENTS. 
(a) AUTHORITY REGARDING PROVISION OF PARKING 
SPOTS.—In the case of a newly constructed or substan-
tially reconstructed or rehabilitated residential, retail, 
commercial, or industrial structure in or affecting inter-
state or foreign commerce that is located not more than 
0.5 miles from the closest covered public transit point, or 
a project for such new construction or substantial recon-
struction or rehabilitation that has been permitted or oth-
erwise authorized by the appropriate agency of local gov-
ernment to be undertaken, the owner of such structure 
or project shall have the sole discretion to determine how 
many automobile parking spots to provide in connection 
with such structure. 
(b) RELATION TO STATE LAW.—Any law, regulation, 
or other requirement of a State or political subdivision of 
a State that is inconsistent with this section is preempted, 
but only to the extent of such inconsistency. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, the 
following definitions shall apply: 
(1) COVERED
PUBLIC
TRANSIT
POINT.—The 
term ‘‘covered public transit point’’ means a pas-
senger point of access to a fixed guideway, except 
that— 
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(A) with respect to a passenger ferry sys-
tem, only a point of access that is serviced by 
an additional mode of public transportation; 
and 
(B) with respect to a bus system that is 
not a bus rapid transit station, only a point of 
access that intersects 2 or more bus routes with 
a frequency of service interval at such point of 
access of not more than 15 minutes during 
morning and afternoon peak commuting peri-
ods. 
(2) FIXED
GUIDEWAY; 
PUBLIC
TRANSPOR-
TATION.—The terms ‘‘fixed guideway’’ and ‘‘public 
transportation’’ have the meanings given such terms 
in section 5302 of title 49, United States Code. 
Æ 
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