there are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary for each fiscal year.
‘‘(c) GRADUATE TRAINING IN CLINICAL INVESTIGA-
TION AWARD.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na-
tional Center for Research Resources shall make
grants (to be referred to as ‘graduate training in
clinical investigation awards’) to support individuals
pursuing master’s or doctoral degrees in clinical in-
vestigation.
‘‘(2) APPLICATIONS.—An application for a
grant under this subsection shall be submitted by an
individual scientist at such time as the Director may
require.
‘‘(3) LIMITATIONS.—Grants shall be for terms
of 2 years or more and will provide stipend, tuition,
and institutional support for individual advanced de-
gree programs in clinical investigation.
‘‘(4) DEFINITION.—As used in this subsection,
the term ‘advanced degree programs in clinical in-
vestigation’ means programs that award a master’s
or Ph.D. degree after 2 or more years of training in
areas such as the following:
‘‘(A) Analytical methods, biostatistics, and
study design.
‘‘(B) Principles of clinical pharmacology
and pharmacokinetics.
‘‘(C) Clinical epidemiology.
‘‘(D) Computer data management and
medical informatics.
‘‘(E) Ethical and regulatory issues.
‘‘(F) Biomedical writing.
‘‘(5) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
For the purpose of carrying out this subsection,
there are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary for each fiscal year.’’.
SEC. 5. CLINICAL RESEARCH ASSISTANCE.
(a) NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDS.—Sec-
tion 487(a)(1)(C) of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 288(a)(1)(C)) is amended by striking ‘‘50 such’’
and inserting ‘‘100 such’’.
(b) LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM.—Section 487E of
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 288–5) is
amended—
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘FROM
DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS’’;
(2) in subsection (a)(1)—
(A) by striking ‘‘who are from disadvan-
taged backgrounds’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘as employees of the Na-
tional Institutes of Health’’ and inserting ‘‘as
part of a clinical research training position’’;
(3) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (3)
and inserting the following:
‘‘(3) APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS
REGARDING OBLIGATED SERVICE.—With respect to
the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment
Program established under subpart III of part D of
title III, the provisions of such subpart shall, except
as inconsistent with this section, apply to the pro-
gram established in this section in the same manner
and to the same extent as such provisions apply to
such loan repayment program.’’;
(4) in subsection (b)—
(A) by striking ‘‘Amounts’’ and inserting
the following:
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Amounts’’; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(2) 
DISADVANTAGED
BACKGROUNDS
SET-
ASIDE.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary
shall ensure that not less than 50 percent of the
contracts involve those appropriately qualified health
professionals who are from disadvantaged back-
grounds.’’; and
(5) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—As used in subsection (a)(1), the
term ‘clinical research training position’ means an indi-
vidual serving in a general clinical research center or in
clinical research at the National Institutes of Health, or
a physician receiving a clinical research career enhance-
ment award, or a graduate training in clinical investiga-
tion award.
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the
purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized
to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for
each fiscal year.’’.
SEC. 6. DEFINITION.
Section 409 of the Public Health Service Act (42
U.S.C. 284d) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘For purposes’’ and inserting
‘‘(a) HEALTH SERVICE RESEARCH.—For purposes’’;
and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(b) CLINICAL RESEARCH.—As used in this title, the
term ‘clinical research’ means patient oriented clinical re-
search conducted with human subjects, or research on the
causes and consequences of disease in human populations
involving material of human origin (such as tissue speci-
mens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator
or colleague directly interacts with human subjects in an
outpatient or inpatient setting to clarify a problem in
human physiology, pathophysiology, or disease; or epi-
demiologic or behavioral studies, outcomes research, or
health services research, or developing new technologies or
therapeutic interventions.’’.
SEC. 7. OVERSIGHT BY GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE.
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United
States shall submit to the Congress a reporting describing
the extent to which the National Institutes of Health has
complied with the amendments made by this Act.
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