(A) typically is movable; and 
(B) is eligible to be, or is made part of, a museum, library, or 
archive 
collection 
through 
a 
formal 
procedure, 
such 
as 
accessioning. 
(2) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘museum object’’ includes a prehistoric 
or historic artifact, work of art, book, document, photograph, or nat-
ural history specimen. 
§ 102503. Authority of Secretary 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding other provisions or limitations of law, 
the Secretary may perform the functions described in this section in the 
manner that the Secretary considers to be in the public interest. 
(b) DONATIONS AND BEQUESTS.—The Secretary may accept donations 
and bequests of money or other personal property, and hold, use, expend, 
and administer the money or other personal property for purposes of this 
chapter. 
(c) PURCHASES.—The Secretary may purchase museum objects and other 
personal property at prices that the Secretary considers to be reasonable. 
(d) EXCHANGES.—The Secretary may make exchanges by accepting mu-
seum objects and other personal property and by granting in exchange for 
the museum objects or other personal property museum property under the 
administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary that no longer is needed or that 
may be held in duplicate among the museum properties administered by the 
Secretary. Exchanges shall be consummated on a basis that the Secretary 
considers to be equitable and in the public interest. 
(e) ACCEPTANCE OF LOANS OF PROPERTY.—The Secretary may accept 
the loan of museum objects and other personal property and pay transpor-
tation costs incidental to the museum objects or other personal property. 
Loans shall be accepted on terms and conditions that the Secretary con-
siders necessary. 
(f) LOANS OF PROPERTY.—The Secretary may loan to responsible public 
or private organizations, institutions, or agencies, without cost to the United 
States, such museum objects and other personal property as the Secretary 
shall consider advisable. Loans shall be made on terms and conditions that 
the Secretary considers necessary to protect the public interest in those 
properties. 
(g) TRANSFER OF MUSEUM OBJECTS.—The Secretary may transfer mu-
seum objects that the Secretary determines are no longer needed for mu-
seum purposes to qualified Federal agencies, including the Smithsonian In-
stitution, that have programs to preserve and interpret cultural or natural 
heritage, and accept the transfer of museum objects for the purposes of this 
chapter from any other Federal agency, without reimbursement. The head 
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of any other Federal agency may transfer, without reimbursement, museum 
objects directly to the administrative jurisdiction of the Secretary for the 
purpose of this chapter. 
(h) CONVEYANCE OF MUSEUM OBJECTS.—The Secretary may convey mu-
seum objects that the Secretary determines are no longer needed for mu-
seum purposes, without monetary consideration but subject to such terms 
and conditions as the Secretary considers necessary, to private institutions 
exempt from Federal taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) and to non-Federal governmental 
entities if the Secretary determines that the recipient is dedicated to the 
preservation and interpretation of natural or cultural heritage and is quali-
fied to manage the property, prior to any conveyance under this subsection 
and subsection (g). 
(i) DESTRUCTION OF MUSEUM OBJECTS.—The Secretary may destroy or 
cause to be destroyed museum objects that the Secretary determines to have 
no scientific, cultural, historic, educational, esthetic, or monetary value. 
§ 102504. Review and approval 
The Secretary shall ensure that museum objects are treated in a careful 
and deliberate manner that protects the public interest. Prior to taking any 
action under subsection (g), (h), or (i) of section 102503 of this title, the 
Secretary shall establish a systematic review and approval process, including 
consultation with appropriate experts, that meets the highest standards of 
the museum profession for all actions taken under those subsections. 
Chapter 1027—Law Enforcement and 
Emergency Assistance 
Subchapter I—Law Enforcement 
Sec. 
102701.
Law enforcement personnel within System. 
102702.
Crime prevention assistance. 
Subchapter II—Emergency Assistance 
102711.
Authority of Secretary to use applicable appropriations for the System to render as-
sistance to nearby law enforcement and fire prevention agencies and for related 
activities outside the System. 
102712.
Aid to visitors, grantees, permittees, or licensees in emergencies. 
Subchapter I—Law Enforcement 
§ 102701. Law enforcement personnel within System 
(a) OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTE-
RIOR.— 
(1) DESIGNATION AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary, pur-
suant to standards prescribed in regulations by the Secretary, may des-
ignate certain officers or employees of the Department of the Interior 
who shall maintain law and order and protect individuals and property 
within System units. 
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(2) POWERS AND DUTIES OF DESIGNEES.—In the performance of 
the duties described in paragraph (1), the designated officers or em-
ployees may— 
(A) carry firearms; 
(B) make arrests without warrant for any offense against the 
United States committed in the presence of the officer or em-
ployee, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United 
States if the officer or employee has reasonable grounds to believe 
that the individual to be arrested has committed or is committing 
the felony, provided the arrests occur within the System or the in-
dividual to be arrested is fleeing from the System to avoid arrest; 
(C) execute any warrant or other process issued by a court or 
officer of competent jurisdiction for the enforcement of the provi-
sions of any Federal law or regulation issued pursuant to law aris-
ing out of an offense committed in the System or, where the indi-
vidual subject to the warrant or process is in the System, in con-
nection with any Federal offense; and 
(D) conduct investigations of offenses against the United States 
committed in the System in the absence of investigation of the of-
fenses by any other Federal law enforcement agency having inves-
tigative jurisdiction over the offense committed or with the concur-
rence of the other agency. 
(b) SPECIAL POLICE OFFICERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may designate officers and employ-
ees of any other Federal agency, or law enforcement personnel of a 
State or political subdivision of a State, when determined to be eco-
nomical and in the public interest and with the concurrence of that 
agency, State, or subdivision, to— 
(A) act as special police officers in System units when supple-
mental law enforcement personnel may be needed; and 
(B) exercise the powers and authority provided by subpara-
graphs (A) to (D) of subsection (a)(2). 
(2) COOPERATION WITH STATES AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS.— 
The Secretary may— 
(A) cooperate, within the System, with any State or political 
subdivision of a State in the enforcement of supervision of the 
laws or ordinances of that State or subdivision; 
(B) mutually waive, in any agreement pursuant to subpara-
graph (A) and paragraph (1) or pursuant to subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of subsection (a)(2) with any State or political subdivision 
of a State where State law requires the waiver and indemnifica-
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tion, all civil claims against all the other parties to the agreement 
and, subject to available appropriations, indemnify and save harm-
less the other parties to the agreement from all claims by third 
parties for property damage or personal injury, that may arise out 
of the parties’ activities outside their respective jurisdictions under 
the agreement; and 
(C) provide limited reimbursement, to a State or political sub-
divisions of a State, in accordance with such regulations as the 
Secretary may prescribe, where the State has ceded concurrent 
legislative jurisdiction over the affected area of the System, for ex-
penditures incurred in connection with its activities within the Sys-
tem that were rendered pursuant to paragraph (1). 
(3) SUPPLEMENTAL AUTHORITY; DELEGATION OF SERVICE LAW EN-
FORCEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES
NOT
AUTHORIZED.—Paragraphs (1) 
and (2) supplement the law enforcement responsibilities of the Service 
and do not authorize the delegation of law enforcement responsibilities 
of the Service to State or local governments. 
(4) SPECIAL POLICE OFFICERS NOT DEEMED FEDERAL EMPLOY-
EES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in this sub-
section, a law enforcement officer of a State or political subdivi-
sion of a State designated to act as a special police officer under 
paragraph (1) shall not be deemed a Federal employee and shall 
not be subject to the provisions of law relating to Federal employ-
ment, including those relating to hours of work, rates of com-
pensation, leave, unemployment compensation, and Federal bene-
fits. 
(B) EXCEPTIONS.—A law enforcement officer of a State or po-
litical subdivision of a State, when acting as a special police officer 
under paragraph (1), is deemed to be— 
(i) a Federal employee for purposes of sections 1346(b) 
and 2401(b) and chapter 171 of title 28; and 
(ii) a civil service employee of the United States within the 
meaning of the term ‘‘employee’’ as defined in section 8101 
of title 5, for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 
5, relating to compensation to Federal employees for work in-
juries, and the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 81 of 
title 5 shall apply. 
(c) FEDERAL INVESTIGATIVE JURISDICTION
AND STATE CIVIL
AND 
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION NOT PREEMPTED.—This section and sections 
100101(b), 100502, 100507, 100751(b), 100754, 100901(b) and (c), 
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