pleadings, service, summons, testi-
mony, or a hearing;
‘‘(ii) is registered as part of the proc-
ess of registering the birth certificate of
the child; and
‘‘(iii) is admissible in court as evi-
dence of the individual’s parentage of the
child;
‘‘(D) collection of information for purposes
of establishing a child support obligation may
be done during the parentage acknowledgment
process, to the maximum extent consistent with
the State constitution;
‘‘(E) a civil procedure (and not a criminal
procedure) is used in parentage determination
cases;
‘‘(F) parentage is determined by a prepon-
derance of the evidence;
‘‘(G) a party may bring a parentage case
without joinder of the named child, and State
law regarding privity of the parties shall govern
the res judicata effect of nonjoinder;
‘‘(H) the results of a parentage test are
rebuttably presumed to be accurate in a parent-
age case, if the test results are admitted as evi-
dence 
of 
the 
matter 
tested 
and 
are
uncontroverted, and the test has an accuracy
rate of at least 98 percent;
‘‘(I) a determination of parentage may be
made against a noncooperative party who re-
fuses to submit to a court order to submit to
parentage testing;
‘‘(J) an objection to parentage testing or
to the results of a parentage test must be made
in writing at least 21 days before trial, and if
no such objection is made, the test results are
admissible as evidence of the matter tested,
without any requirement for the attendance of
a representative of the hospital, clinic, or par-
entage laboratory that conducted the test;
‘‘(K) prenatal and post-natal parentage-
testing bills are admissible as evidence of par-
entage, without any requirement of third-party
foundation testimony, and any such bill is
prima facie evidence of the expenses incurred
on behalf of the child for the procedures in-
cluded in the bill;
‘‘(L) a default order is entered in a parent-
age case on a proper showing of evidence of
parentage and of service of process on the de-
fendant, without regard to the personal pres-
ence of the plaintiff;
‘‘(M) a temporary child support order is
entered against an individual if—
‘‘(i) the individual is presumed to be
the parent of the child by reason of the re-
sults of a parentage test;
‘‘(ii) the individual has signed a state-
ment acknowledging parentage of the child;
or
‘‘(iii) there is other clear and convinc-
ing evidence that the individual is a parent
of the child;
‘‘(N) an individual determined by law to be
the parent of a child is precluded from claiming
nonparentage of the child as a defense in a
child support case;
‘‘(O) a single action may be brought to de-
termine the parentage of a child and to estab-
lish a child support obligation with respect to
the child; and
‘‘(P)(i) an action to determine the parent-
age of a child may be brought only in the coun-
ty in which the child resides; and
‘‘(ii) if the child who is the subject of a
parentage determination action moves to an-
other county, the action is to be transferred to
the other county, on request of the custodial
parent of the child.’’.
(c) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the
Congress that, in a proceeding to establish paternity, once
paternity is alleged, the burden of proof should shift to
the alleged father.
TITLE IV—ENFORCEMENT
SEC. 401. DIRECT WAGE WITHHOLDING.
(a) STATE LAW.—Section 466(b) (42 U.S.C. 666(b))
is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(11)(A) Upon the issuance or modification by
a State court or administrative agency of an order
imposing a child support obligation on an individual,
the State shall transmit to any employer of the indi-
vidual a wage withholding order developed under
section 452(a)(14) directing the employer to with-
hold amounts from the wages of the individual pur-
suant to the order.
‘‘(B) Any individual or entity engaged in com-
merce, as a condition of doing business in the State,
shall, on receipt of a wage withholding order devel-
oped under section 452(a)(14) that is regular on its
face and has been issued by a court of any State—
‘‘(i) immediately provide a copy of the
order to the employee subject to the order;
‘‘(ii) within 10 days after receipt of the
order, comply with the order;
‘‘(iii) forward the amount withheld pursu-
ant to the order to the State or custodial parent
specified in the order; and
‘‘(iii) keep records of the amounts so with-
held.
‘‘(C) Such an order may be served on the in-
come source directly or by first-class mail.
‘‘(D) An individual or entity who complies with
such an order may not be held liable for wrongful
withholding of income from the employee subject to
the order.
‘‘(E)(i) The State shall impose a civil fine of
$1,000 on any individual or entity who receives such
an order, and fails to comply with the order within
10 days after receipt.
‘‘(ii) The 10-day period described in clause (i)
shall be extended by any period during which the in-
dividual or entity contests the order, until the con-
test is finally decided.
‘‘(12) If the State transmits to an individual or
entity engaged in commerce in another State a wage
withholding order issued by the State with respect to
an employee of the individual or entity, and the indi-
vidual or entity contests or refuses to comply with
the order, the State shall send an informational copy
of the order to the registry established under sub-
section (a)(12) of such other State or of the State
from which the income of the employee is paid.
‘‘(13) If an employee requests a hearing to con-
test wage withholding based on claim of a mistake
of fact, the hearing may be held in the State from
which the income is paid or in which the employee
is employed, and, within 45 days after the income
source receives the withholding order, the entity con-
ducting the hearing must adjudicate the claim. The
State in which the hearing is held shall provide ap-
propriate services in cases enforced under the State
plan to ensure that the interests of the individual to
whom the withheld income is to be paid are ade-
quately represented.’’.
(b) 
UNIFORM
WITHHOLDING
ORDER.—Section
452(a) (42 U.S.C. 652(a)), as amended by sections
211(a), 102(c), and 209(a) of this Act, is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph
(12);
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (13) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (13) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(14) develop a uniform order to be used in all
cases in which income is to be withheld for the pay-
ment of child support, which shall contain the name
of the individual whose income is to be withheld, the
number of children covered by the order, and the in-
dividual or State to whom the withheld income is to
be paid, and be generic to allow for the service of
the order on all sources of income.’’.
SEC. 402. PRIORITIES IN APPLICATION OF WITHHELD
WAGES.
Section 466(b) (42 U.S.C. 666(a)), as amended by
section 401(a) of this Act, is amended by inserting after
paragraph (13) the following:
‘‘(14) Procedures under which the amounts
withheld pursuant to a child support or wage with-
holding order are to be applied in the following
order:
‘‘(A) To payments of support due during
the month of withholding.
‘‘(B) To payments of premiums for health
care insurance coverage for dependent children.
‘‘(C) To payments of support due before
the month of withholding, and of unreimbursed
health-care expenses.’’.
SEC. 403. ADDITIONAL BENEFITS SUBJECT TO GARNISH-
MENT.
(a) FEDERAL DEATH BENEFITS, BLACK LUNG BEN-
EFITS, AND VETERANS BENEFITS.—Section 462(f)(2) (42
U.S.C. 662(f)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘(not including’’
and all that follows through ‘‘compensation)’’.
(b) WORKERS’ COMPENSATION.—Section 462(f) (42
U.S.C. 662(f)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of paragraph
(1);
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (2) and inserting ‘‘, or’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(3) workers’ compensation benefits.’’.
SEC. 404. CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION ACT AMEND-
MENTS.
(a) PREEMPTION OF STATE LAWS.—Section 307 of
the Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1677) is
amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘This’’ and inserting ‘‘(a) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (b), this’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of paragraph
(1);
(3) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (2) and inserting ‘‘, or’’; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(3) providing a cause of action, either by the
State or a private individual, to enforce a Federal or
State law related to garnishment for the purpose of
securing child support.
‘‘(b) EXCEPTION.—Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply
to the laws of any State that prohibit or restrict garnish-
ments for the purpose of securing support for any per-
son.’’.
(b) OTHER FORMS OF INCOME.—Title III of such
Act (15 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) is amended by adding at
the end the following:
‘‘SEC. 308. OTHER FORMS OF INCOME.
‘‘This title does not apply to forms of income that
are not earnings within the definition contained in section
302(a).’’.
(c) PRIORITY OF DEBTS.—Title III of such Act (15
U.S.C. 1671 et seq.), as amended by subsection (b) of this
section, is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘SEC. 309. PRIORITY OF DEBTS.
‘‘If an individual’s disposable earnings are not suffi-
cient to pay—
‘‘(1) a garnishment intended to satisfy a Fed-
eral debt; and
‘‘(2) a garnishment intended to satisfy a debt
related to the support of any child,
the Federal debt shall be satisfied through garnishment
only after the debt related to child support has first been
satisfied.’’.
(d) ADDITIONAL
INDEBTEDNESS
IN
ANTI-DIS-
CHARGE SECTION.—Section 304 of such Act (16 U.S.C.
1674) is amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(c) The prohibition contained in subsection (a) shall
apply to any employee whose earnings are subject to gar-
nishment for more than one indebtedness, if the additional
indebtedness arises from an order for the support of a
child.’’.
SEC. 405. PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF ELECTION OF
REMEDIES DOCTRINE TO PREVENT COLLEC-
TION OF CHILD SUPPORT.
Section 466(a) (42 U.S.C. 666(a)), as amended by
section 301(b) of this Act, is amended by inserting after
paragraph (24) the following:
‘‘(25) Procedures which prohibit any State
court from applying the doctrine of election of rem-
edies to prevent a custodial parent from collecting or
seeking to collect child support from a noncustodial
parent.’’.
SEC. 406. HOLD ON OCCUPATIONAL, PROFESSIONAL, AND
BUSINESS LICENSES.
(a) STATE HOLD BASED ON WARRANT OR SUPPORT
DELINQUENCY.—Section 466(a) (42 U.S.C. 666(a)), as
amended by section 405 of this Act, is amended by insert-
ing after paragraph (25) the following:
‘‘(26) Procedures under which the State occu-
pational licensing and regulating departments and
agencies may not issue or renew any occupational,
professional, or business license of—
‘‘(A) a noncustodial parent who is the sub-
ject of an outstanding failure to appear war-
rant, capias, or bench warrant related to a child
support proceeding that appears on the State’s
crime information system, until removed from
the system; and
‘‘(B) an individual who is delinquent in the
payment of child support, until the obligee or a
State prosecutor responsible for child support
enforcement consents to, or a court that is re-
sponsible for the order’s enforcement orders,
the release of the hold on the license, or an ex-
pedited inquiry and review is completed while
the individual is granted a 60-day temporary li-
cense.’’.
(b) FEDERAL HOLD BASED ON SUPPORT DELIN-
QUENCY.—A Federal agency may not issue or renew any
occupational, professional, or business license of an indi-
vidual who is delinquent in the payment of child support,
until the obligee, the obligee’s attorney or a State prosecu-
tor responsible for child support enforcement consents to,
or a court that is responsible for the order’s enforcement
orders, the release of the hold on the license, or an expe-
dited inquiry and review is completed while the individual
is granted a 60-day temporary license.
SEC. 407. DRIVER’S LICENSES AND VEHICLE REGISTRA-
TIONS DENIED TO PERSONS FAILING TO AP-
PEAR IN CHILD SUPPORT CASES.
Section 466(a) (42 U.S.C. 666(a)), as amended by
section 406(a) of this Act, is amended by inserting after
paragraph (26) the following:
‘‘(27) Procedures under which the State motor
vehicle department—
‘‘(A) may not issue or renew the driver’s li-
cense or any vehicle registration (other than
temporary) of any noncustodial parent who is
the subject of an outstanding failure to appear
warrant, capias, or bench warrant related to a
child support proceeding that appears on the
State’s crime information system, until removed
from the system;
‘‘(B) upon receiving notice that an individ-
ual to whom a State driver’s license or vehicle
registration has been issued is the subject of a
warrant related to a child support proceeding,
shall issue a show cause order to the individual
requesting the individual to demonstrate why
the individual’s driver’s license or vehicle reg-
istration should not be suspended until the war-
rant is removed by the State responsible for is-
suing the warrant; and
‘‘(C) in any case in which a show cause
order has been issued as described in subpara-
graph (B), may grant a temporary license or
vehicle registration to the individual pending
the show cause hearing or the removal of the
warrant, whichever occurs first.’’.
SEC. 408. LIENS ON CERTIFICATES OF VEHICLE TITLE.
Section 466(a) (42 U.S.C. 666(a)), as amended by
section 407 of this Act, is amended by inserting after
paragraph (27) the following: