156
ices to fill gaps that impede commuting from
inner-city areas to jobs sites); or
(B) reimburse public transit operators for
the costs of providing reduced fare programs to
increase the access of inner city residents to
employment opportunities.
An applicant under subparagraph (A) may request
suburban employers to contribute to the costs of im-
plementing such transit services.
(3) ESTABLISHING REGIONAL COALITIONS TO
IMPROVE INNER-CITY ACCESS TO JOBS.—Under this
model an applicant shall establish a regional coali-
tion, which may include neighborhood organizations,
employers and employers associations, transpor-
tation providers, and similar entities, to implement
comprehensive strategies to improve the access
of residents of inner-cities to jobs through modi-
fications in job training and placement services, sup-
port services such as child care, and transportation
services. An applicant under this model shall at-
tempt to link job training program participants with
job opportunities throughout as much of the metro-
politan area as practicable, and transportation bar-
riers between inner-city areas and job locations shall
157
be identified and transportation services imple-
mented to address these problems.
(e) EVALUATION.—The Secretary of Labor, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall con-
duct a thorough evaluation of the program established
under this section. Such evaluation shall include an assess-
ment of—
(1) with respect to applicants adding transpor-
tation services to job training programs, the effect of
the addition of such transportation services on em-
ployment rates, job retention, and earnings among
residents of the demonstration project areas;
(2) with respect to applicants improving public
transit systems, the effect of the improvements, on
employment rates, job retention, and earnings;
(3) with respect to applicants establishing re-
gional coalitions and implementing comprehensive
strategies, the effects of such strategies on employ-
ment rates, job retention, and earnings; and
(4) the manner in which the adoption of such
comprehensive strategies affect employment and
earnings in urban tax enterprise zones, compared to
other urban tax enterprise zones not initiating pro-
grams to improve inner-city access to suburban job
locations.
158
(f) OTHER FUNDING SOURCES.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to prevent an approved applicant
from raising funds for any program established under the
application from other sources to augment the funds avail-
able under this Act.
(g) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term
‘‘urban tax enterprise zone’’ means an area designated
under section 1391 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
as an urban tax enterprise zone.
SEC. 287. STUDY 
OF 
INSURANCE 
AVAILABILITY 
IN
CENTRAL CITIES AND DISTRESSED URBAN
AREAS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 24 months after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General
shall prepare and submit to Congress a report assessing
the market availability of insurance (including insurance
against crime, civil disorders and related perils) for busi-
nesses and residences located in central cities and dis-
tressed urban areas and the impact of the availability of
such insurance on the economic development or redevelop-
ment of such areas.
(b) DETAIL
OF CONTENTS.—The report required
under subsection (a) shall consider—
(1) whether insurance (including insurance
against crime, civil disorders, and related perils) is
159
available at affordable rates in central cities and dis-
tressed urban areas either through the private insur-
ance market or through a suitable program adopted
under Federal or State law;
(2) whether reinsurance (including reinsurance
against crime, civil disorders, and related perils) is
available at affordable rates in central cities and
other distressed urban areas either through the pri-
vate reinsurance market or through a suitable pro-
gram adopted under State law;
(3) the factors most likely to explain any defi-
ciencies in the availability of such insurance or rein-
surance;
(4) whether any deficiencies in the availability
of such insurance or reinsurance act as a deterrent
or barrier to the economic development or redevelop-
ment of central cities and distressed urban areas;
(5) whether the Federal Crime Insurance Pro-
gram operated pursuant to part C of title XII of the
National Housing Act (12 U.S.C. 1749bbb et seq.)
adequately promotes the availability of insurance in
central cities and distressed urban areas and wheth-
er the program should be modified to more effec-
tively advance that goal;
160
(6) whether those State Fair Access to Insur-
ance (FAIR) Plans that were established pursuant
to section 1211 of title XII of the National Housing
Act or other programs adopted by State govern-
ments effectively promote the availability of insur-
ance in central cities and distressed urban areas;
(7) whether reenactment of a Federal Riot Re-
insurance Program to promote the availability of in-
surance (including insurance against crime, civil dis-
orders, and related perils) would effectively promote
the availability of insurance in central cities and dis-
tressed urban areas;
(8) whether other action by the Federal Gov-
ernment would be advisable to promote the availabil-
ity of insurance (including insurance against crime,
civil disorders, and related perils) in central cities
and distressed urban areas in order to enhance the
prospects for the economic development or redevelop-
ment of such areas; and
(9) such other issues related to the availability
of insurance in central cities and other distressed
urban areas and the relationship of the availability
of such insurance to the economic development or
redevelopment of such areas as the Comptroller Gen-
eral considers appropriate.
161
(c) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section:
(1) The term ‘‘affordable rates’’ shall have the
meaning determined by the Comptroller General tak-
ing into consideration factors such as the nature and
degree of risks involved, the protective devices em-
ployed, the extent of anticipated losses, the prevail-
ing rates for similar coverages in adjacent or com-
parable areas, the economic importance of the var-
ious individual coverages, the type of property in-
volved, and the relative abilities of the particular
classes and types of insureds to pay the costs of cov-
erages.
(2) The term ‘‘central city’’ means any political
subdivision designated as a central city from time to
time by the Office of Management and Budget.
(3) The term ‘‘distressed urban area’’ means an
urban tax enterprise zone designated pursuant to
section 1391 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
or any other urban area that has a high level of pov-
erty, unemployment, or minority population share,
as determined by the Comptroller General.
(d) REFERRAL.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall, upon transmission to Congress, be re-
ferred in the Senate to the Committee on Banking, Hous-
ing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Finance,
162
and in the House of Representatives to the Committee on
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs.
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