A206 Potatoes Are Cheaper, Period EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. FRANK BUCHANAN OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 17, 1951 Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my belief, following information derived from a recent news release of Guide-Post Research, Pittsburgh, Pa. reveals the housewives of the Nation have excellent reasons for their ever-increasing de- mands for speedy congressional action on the control of food prices, not only to stop the ever increasing price spiral, but also to eliminate price disparities. The statistics cover the cost of 11 typical market basket items in the Pittsburgh district super markets during the last year: Guide-Post’s regularly conducted survey of the prices of 11 typical items in Pittsburgh district super-markets, finds potatoes are down 20 percent, compared to January 1, 1960; flour costs the same, while all other items have increased; sirloin steak is up 16 percent, chuck roast up 32 percent, bacon up 14 percent, butter up 18 percent, eggs up 42 percent, soap powder up 19 percent, sugar up 4 percent, coffee up 6 percent, and vegetable shortening up 38 percent. According to C. F. Ackenhell, director of the survey, the total cost of this typical market basket has moved up from $8.10 last January, to 89.30 today, an increase of 15 per- cent during the year. The market basket still costs 1 percent less than the all-time high reached July 1948, but that is largely due to the fall in potato prices. Excluding the potatoes, the grocery price average ts 2 percent above the July 1948 peak. The decline in potato prices is the result of the Government dropping its price sup- port which had kept them at an artificially high level. Compared to 8 years ago, some peculiar things have happened to food prices, Pound for pound, steak and bacon cost just about the same in January 1948. Now steak costs 114 times as much as bacon. Three years ago, butter cost 66 percent more than coffee. Now coffee costs 11 percent more than butter. Disparities like those and de- lay in food price controls pending congres- sional action are forcing housewives to change their menus to take acvantage of the best food values. But even with reduced demand for rela- tively high priced items, their prices do not drop. Mr. Ackenheil says it appears that the Government has repealed the law of supply and demand. The above comments are based on the data to be found in the following chart: Grocery items Ton. 1, 1950] Jan. 1, 195% Pound alrloin $0, 87 $1.01 Two pounds ¢ 1,08 1.42 Pound bacon. 56 64 Pound butter . 69 280 Dozen eugy -.-- 82 74 Box suap powdor... +27 +32 10 pounds sugar... 298 97 10 pounds flour. 03 +938 Peek potatoes. . 62 .49 ‘ound coffee. .._.. 84 89 8 pounds shortening. 79 1.00 Tots) 11 \tems_._.....2.. 6.10 9 30 A Plan for Peace EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOHN C. STENNIS OF MISSISSIPPI IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, January 17 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, the junior Senator from Virginia (Mr. Rosertson] made a timely and most interesting talk this morning to a group of Senators in the Senate Restaurant. In his usual scholarly manner he gave a brief review of the wars of Palestine, and then tersely and clearly applied the jessons of these wars and the times thereof to our present world problems. J feel that his remarks are of value to the entire membership of the Congress and to the people of the Nation, and therefore ask that they be printed in the Appendix of the REcorRpD. There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: A PLAN FoR Pace A cynic has described the Old Testament as being a history of wars wrapped up in a prayer for peace. Many of the prophets prayed for peace but the principal prophecy was voiced by Isaiah about 600 years before the birth of Christ when he said: “For unto ‘us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoul- der: and his name shall be called Wonder- ful, Counsellor, the mighty God, the ever- lasting Father, the Prince of Peace." The new Jerusalem will be a city of eternal peace but the Jerusalem of Palestine has been the most fought over city in the his- tory of the world. In undertaking to give you this morning a brief résumé of the many wars fought in Palestine in fulfillment of the divine purpose that the lon of the tribe of Judah, desig- nated by Isaiah as the Prince of Peace, was to be a descendent of Abraham to whose seed Palestine was promised as an inherit ance, I wish to pose for your discussion the fundamental issue that now troubles the world: “Can we avoid world war III?” Palestine is a tiny country with an area of 10,124 square miles, alightly larger than that of the State of New Hampshire. It occupies part of an ancient plateau extend- ing from the desert shores of the Mediter- ranean on the west to an elevated tableland cut by the deep rift of the Jordan Valley, bounded on the enst by the nation of Trans- jordan, on the north by Syria and on the south by Egypt. It varies from 23 to 80 miles in width and from north to south is approximately 140 miles in length. This area, so important to us because it was the source of the Judo-Christian sys- tem of religion and philosophy on which much of modern western civilization is based, was important in ancient times be- cause its strategic location made it the highway of commerce and of war. Going back as far as we can into recorded history, we find evidence that the Canaanites, a Semitic people, probably invaded Palestine and settled there in the third millenium B. C, The Bible indicates they were there at the time of Abraham’s arrival which is estimated to have been between 1935 and 1400 B.C. The Canasanites were in Palestine when the children of Israel, some 1,500,000 strong, invaded the land at about 1290 B. C. They were greatly feared by the Israelites because of their chariots of fron, but were APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD gradually exterminated or absorbed by the Israelite tribes. David captured their re maining towns and after the time of Solo- mon, in the ninth century B. C., they dis- appeared from history. They left behind, however, part of their language, culture, and literary tradition, which influenced the writers of the Hebrew Bible. Abraham, the great ancestor of the He- brews, was a nomad who left his home in Ur of the Chaldees, eventually reaching the promisei land of Palestine by way of Har- ran. His son, Isaac, and Isaac’s son, Jacob, lived at peace with the Canaanites. Joseph, sold into Egypt by his brothers, rose to be its master and welcomed his father and brothers when famine drove them to the Nile. They continued to live in Egypt until a period probably 250 to 300 years after the time of Abraham when they were led by Moses, adopted son of the King's daughter, in escaping from a harsh taskmaster. They then wandered for 40 years in the wilderness until Joshua broucht them back across the Jordan and into the promised land. From the time of the Exodus (about 1220 B. C.) until 733 B. C. the Jews lived in Pal- estine. In the latter year a portion of the inhabitants of Israel were taken to Assyria as captives and shortly thereafter (721 B C.) Israel was subdued to a tributary relation and more of the people were taken to Baby- lon as captives. This was the first captivity of the numerically most powerful branch of the divided house of Israel. More than a century later (697 B C.) a portion of the population of Jerusalem was deported to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar and in 586 B. C. an uprising among the Judeans led to deportation of the greater part of the Jewish people to Babylonia. In Babylonia they were settled in various districts and given a good deal of freedom but some of their leaders looked forward to a change of rulership that would make pos- sible their return to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the temple. In 539 B. C., Cy- Tus took advantage of dissension tn Babylonia and sent his armies against Babylon which fell without striking a blow. A proclamation was issued allowing the Jews to return to Palestine but they had become so attached to the country in which they were living that few availed themselves of the opportun- ity and for centuries Babylonia remained a center of the Jewish pcople. During this period, from 638 to 332 B. C.,, Palestine was under Persian rule. Cyrus the Great established a rule of tolerance toward subject races an their religions and in 520~516 B. C. the temple of Jerusalem was rebuilt. The condition of the Jews in Palestine was described by historians as “wretched,” however, until Nehemioh came to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem in 445-433 B. C. and to enforce observance of the law. It was he who said: “So the walls were rebuilt because the people had a will to work.” In 832 B. C. Palestine was conquered by Alexander the Great and in 323 B. C, it was brought under the Ptolemies of Egypt who ruled it until 178 B. C. Under Alexander the Jews were left undisturbed in their cus- toms and religion and the high priest was the head of the state. The Egyptians merely used Palestine as a source of tribute to their treasury. Then, in 187 B. C. Antiochus the Great took possession of the country for the Syrians and a new period of intolerance began. A revolt was led by Judas, later known as Maccabaeus, which gained for the Jews religious freedom in 163 B. C. and political freedom in 142 B. C. The Jews lived under their own kings and controlled an expanded territory until 63 B. O. when the Romans began their rule which lasted until 395 A. D. The Roman period was characterized by intermittent repression and religious free- dom. From 37 to 4 B. C, the country was
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD raled by Herod the Great, who was a Jew appointed by the Roman Senate. He was suc- ceeded by his three sons and, to satisfy their claims, the country was divided into three parts. After their deaths Palestine was placed under Roman procurators. A Jewlsh rebellion led to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Emperor Titus in 70 A. D. There were other Jewish rebellions in 115-117 and tn 132-136 A. D. After the devastation of Judea in 185 A. D. Jerusalem was made a Roman colony and barred to the Jews. This marked a turning point in the history of Palestine. The Jews had dominated or been a principal part of the country for 1,500 years, but after 136 A. D. they began to give way to the Arabs until in 1170 A. D. a Jewish writer recorded that there were scarcely 1,500 Jews in the entire country. When the Roman Empire was partitioned between the east and west In 395 A. D. Pales- tine went to the emperor of the east and for the next 200 years there was compara- tive quiet, although along with the develop- ment of pilgrimages and holy places there was occasional persecution of the Jews who remained in the country. Then in 616 Persia overran Palestine. It ‘was retaken by the Emperor Heraclius in 628 but was lost again to the Moslem Arabs under Omer in 686. For the next 300 years there were rivalries among the Arab rulers of the country but their hold was not seriously challenged by outsiders. In 1072 A. D. there was a Turkish invasion. During the First Crusade Jerusalem was cap- tured (in 1099) and Godfrey of Bouillon was made King of Jerusalem. The Second Cru- sade (1147) undertaken to aid the weakenirg kingdom failed and in 1187 A. D. Saladin captured Jerusalem without destroying tt. In 1240 the Mongols seized Jerusalem, mas- sacred ita inhabitants and plundered tts churches. In 1290 Palestine was overrun again, this time by the Tartars, and in 1400 Tamerlane overran the country. Except for these brief periods of raids Palestine re- mained under Egyptian-Arab domination until 1516 when it was occupied by Sultan Selim of Turkey and became part of the Ottoman Empire. It remained in this status for 400 years, although the Ottoman rulers were challenged by a Druse prince who estab- lished a Lebanese kingdom early in the six- teenth century. It was taken by Napoleon in 1798 and by Mehemet All, a rebellious Egyptian viceroy of the Sultan in 1832. During World War I Palestine became a battleground between the Turks and the Allied forces stationed in Egypt. The Turks were defeated and the British under General Allenby entered Jerusalem on December 8, 1917, A few days later British control was extended to all of Palestine. The Britich held Palestine as an occupying power until April 1920, and from then until May 15, 1948, they continued in control as the mandatory power. The British then be- gan their withdrawal in favor of the United Nations Commission which was to carry out the plan of partition between the Arabs and the Jews which had been approved by the UN General Assembly in November 1947. Under the partition plan the Jews were given 5,650 square miles, the Arabs 4,650 aquare miles, and 74 square miles were left in the Jerusalem enclave, but it took another war between the Jews and the Arabs to ea- tablish the new Jewish state. I have outlined for you the major wars fought in Palestine over a period of approxi- mately 8,500 years, In the summary I aid not include what might be termed minor tribal wars, as when Samson slew the Phil- tstines with the jawbone of an ass and David slew Goliath with a slingshot, nor the instances in which the 12 Jewish tribes fought among themselves. Suffice it to say it was & period of constant turmoil, of con- stant warfare and bloodshed. The significant fact that stands out from thig record is that when God's chosen people obeyed Him He either gave them peace or victory over thelr enemies, and when they decided to go their own way and rely on their own right arm He let them suffer the consequences, which in many instances was disastrous war. In one of his famous sermons Dr. Peter Marshall analyzed the qualities of the men Christ chose for his disciples and then drew the illuminating lesson that they became worthy of such #® Master because he had changed their natures. History teaches and science confirms the teaching that human nature in all races and in all ages has been very much the same with a percentage of good people and a percentage of evil ones. History likewise teaches us that no nation has ever achieved lasting peace by supert- ority of arms. The historian Gibbon claims that the fall of the Roman Empire was due to the spread of Christianity which taught that the first allegiance of man was to God and not to the state but that viewpoint is successfully challenged by the modern his- torian, Arnold Toynbee, who clearly shows that the seeds for the downfall of the Roman Empire had been planted before the birth of Christ. If our Nation can learn by experience, which Edmund Burke says no nation has ever done, we would be justified in asking God’s help in the creation of an allied mili- tary strength sufficiently powerful to stay the hand of the Communist aggressors until members of the Christian faith have a fuller opportunity to reexamine the plan for peace proposed by the Prince of Peace—namely, a change in the hearts of men by divine and not by human power. The Jews of the first century wanted and expected a messiah who would by force re- lease them from bondage and crucified him when he said, “Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.” When Pilate said, “I find no fault in this man,” the mob cried, “His blood be on us, and on our children.” In this emergency democratic nations may be able to assemble sufficient force to defeat the Communists on the battlefield. But such a victory would not settle the funda- mental conflict between truth and error, be- tween good and evil. The thesis I should like to be able to sus- tain is that we labor in vain to build a tem- ple of peace that fs not dedicated tu the victory of spiritual force. Peace will, in my humble opinion, continue to escape the chancellories of the world until it finds a bome in the hearts of men. Inaugural Address of Gov. John S. Fine, of Pennsylvania EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. EDWARD MARTIN OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, January 17 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. MARTIN. Mr. President, yester- day Pennsylvania inaugurated a new Governor, the Honorable John 8. Fine. The impressive ceremonies at Harrisburg recalled that Benjamin Franklin, in the final years of his public service, was chief executive of the Commonwealth from 1785 to 1788, Pennsylvania js proud of the part Ben- jamin Franklin played in establishing the greatness of the Keystone State. We are proud that upon the foundation he helped to lay there has been developed « A207 great diversity of industry which serves the Nation in peace and war. It has won for Pennsylvania an enviable repu- tation as the arsenal of democracy. We are proud of Pennsylvania's place in the history of our Nation and of the sacred shrines which stand on her soil as milestones in the progress of liberty and human rights on the American con- tinent and in the world. Every American reveres our monu- ments of freedom: Independence Hall, Valley Forge, Gettysburg, Fort Necessity, where General Washington first com- manded troops in battle, the Fort Pitt Blockhouse, and Bushy Run, Throughout his whole lifetime Benja- min Franklin preached the virtues of in- dustry, self-reliance, and thrift. Those qualities were emphasized by the new Governor of Pennsylvania in his inaugural address. He advocated a pay- as-you-go policy and the most rigid economies in all government expendi- tures excepting those that contribute to the national defense. Because of its importance I ask unan- {mous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp, the inaugural address of the distinguished Governor of Pennsylvania, the Honorable John 8. Fine. There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: INauGuRAL ADDRESS OF Gov, JOMN BS. Fins My fellow Pennsylvanians, you have en- trusted to me the administration of the government of our Commonwealth for the next 4 years. I realize the tremendous re- sponsibilities of these times, fraught as they are with the terrific clash of ideologies and the bitter conflict of beliefs and dentiole— the belief in truth and God against untruth and denial of God. I humbly acknowledge the great trust of serving you at a time when we are engaged in a militant crusade for peace. I begin my duties with mixed feelings, but no misgivings; happy to have the opportu- nity to serve, yet humble before the magni- tude of the task. No man can lightly regard the grave responsibilities that today go hand in hand with public service. We are living in a perlod that requires the most rigid economies in government for other than defense and human needs, and demands a multitude of sucrifices on the part of each individual. This is the era of sacrifice, of strict Spartan living, that free- dom may survive in a world threatened with enslavement. We will, and we must, endure endless restrictions so that we and others may remain free—free to work, free to speak, free to worship. We face a temporary end to luxuries, a curtailment of necessities to a minimum. The indomitable spirit that is an Ameri- can heritage will overcome whatever ob- stacles we are called upon to meet. Re- flection on past periods of trials and perils leaves but one conclusion: America has al- ways emerged from perilous times stronger in unity of spirit, in physical resources and in spiritual freedom. This is true because our objectives have been and are now dic- tated by justice and right, and not mo- tivated by hope of material gains. Our position today and the position of those who join with us is precarious, but far from despairing. We are at war and our Nation is in the beginning of & war economy. More and more restrictive measures, harness- ing industry and individual alike, are in- evitable,
A208 ‘We are plagued by the festering sore of communism. Hordes of godless people are lusting for power and would destroy freedom and enslave the world. In this terrifying situation free nations everywhere look to our country to be the instrument of their sal- vation. We must see to it that they do not look in vain. We must not fail them. By the same token, they of other lands should not fail to give us in our common cause the fullest measure of every assistance of which they are capable. If we are to successfully meet the chal- lenge before us, there must be a submergence of selfish interests, We can coddle no favo- rites nor resort to narrow partisanship in our search for victory and peace. All of us in State government—Democrats and Re- publicans—must move constantly and con- fidently with single-minded devotion toward dual objectives: The welfare of the Com- monwealth and the welfare of .-he Republic, This is the most crucial time tn our his- tory, What we do or what we fall to do may determine the destinies of our Nation and of mankind; the preservation of religion and the survival of a world in which we would care to live. We know there can be no security without freedom; without freedom there can come no true peace. America is the last sanctuary of freemen. It is the repository of those dy- namic ideals which lead trresistibly to the triumphs of freedom if those ideals are not sacrificed by political and diplomatic expedi- encies. We must strengthen ourselves in Nation and in State. We need, immediately, to place our economy on more stable grounds. The American people want and should have more enlightenment on what is expected of them. When Americans know the full facts—and often they sense them when they are not Officially disclosed—the present challenge to agonized humanity will be wholeheartedly and successfully met. Our people have con- fidence in themselves, und properly so. We will not lose that confidence. We can add substance to it by accelerating sound pre- paredness at home and abroad. As we in Pennsylvania face the possibility that the Korean conflict will spread into world conflagration, we realize that much of our energies and our deliberations should be devoted to the creation of a strong and inte- grated home defense. Protection of our peo- ple and our industry transcends all other considerations. The civil defense commission in Penn- sylvania has accomplished an early and sound beginning on the program of protection of life and property. Its work is proceeding speedily and with commendable thorough- ness. Already we are advanced far beyond most other States. This program is going to be costly—how much we do not know. We must guard against overlapping and waste- ful expenditures. Security, prudence, and utility will dictate the nature and extent of these expenditures, It has never been said, and it will not now be said, that Pennsylvania ever fatled to con- tribute in fullest measure to our national security. The people of our great Common- wealth are conscious of the burdens resting upon us. Our problems are critical, but they are not insurmountable. They are many, but they will lessen. There is no need for pessimism, no place for defeatism. This ts the time for all of us to rededicate ourselves and our vast resources unsparingly to our National Government in its emergency. Pennsylvania already has contributed to the Federal Military Establishment more than 16,000 National Guard men, including our justly famous and always revered Twen- ty-eilghth Division. If the remainder of our National Guard is called up, we will need a strong State Guard to replace {t. We are now building that State Guard. We shall not be found wanting. We wil\ be ready for anything. We should immediately provide the means for the exercise of suffrage by our men and women in the service, no mat- ter where they are stationed, There can be no denying that the times demand that we husband our resources, en- large our productivity, even conserve our- selves, that we may best assist in the emer- gency. We must—and we will—be thrifty. Frugality in everything except protection of our people will be the watchword of this administration. Where our people’s health is concerned, we will not stint. We will not be parsimonious in educating our children. We shall not be rigid in our treatment of the unfortunates among our citizens; nor will this administration be wasteful with the people’s money. Due to the war larger expenditures than are currently made will in all probability be necessary to properly run the State’s busi- ness. New taxes or additions to existing taxes are apparent. To keep tax increases to a minimum requires most careful study. We have to face these demands knowing there is no escape under present conditions, They exist and we must admit it. The plain fact is that a rise in the cost of government is inevitable in Pennsylvania, as it is else- where. Careful management and prudent administration will insure a lesser burden on the taxpayer. Generally speaking, the increased costs of administration of our Commonwealth should be paid for on a pay-as-you-go policy. The costly errors which have plagued our genera- tion with wars ought to be borne by us, inso- far as it 1s possible. The costs should not be passed on to our children, as in all prob- ability they will inherit less of the American way of life than was bequeathed to us. As this administration begins, the gen- eral cost of living is up 74 percent over the cost of 1940, only 11 years ago. Building con- struction costs are three times as high. Pub- lic assistance grants per person are nearly two and a half times 1940 grants. These are but a few of many illustrations which show rising costs of living and higher expenditures for the conduct of the Commonwealth's busi- ness. Unfortunately, the prospect is that the costs are destined to go still higher. These facts present a real problem to our financial planning for the years ahead. This problem is not ours alone; it ts a problem common to all the States, though it is mag- nified in those States which like ours, must budget for 2-year periods. It must be re- membered also that we have the expenses incident to civil defense, as yet uncalculated; our commitments to the soldiers’ bonus; mandated salary increases for teachers; and State authority rentals. These costs add many perplexities to the problem. Pennsylvanians have long been justly proud of our great material wealth. We have been, and are today, the arsenal of America, Our resources, our productivity, and our contribution of scientific and industrial leadership to the Nation and to the world are astounding and without parallel. We are predominant as a cultural center. Yet, with all, our greatest wealth, our most valuable possessions, are the 2,000,000 children and youth in our Commonwealth. soon they must assume the responsibilities of leader- ship. To them falls the opportunity of per- petuating the American way of life. They must be prepared for that opportunity physically, mentally, and spiritually, that they will not fail, Of greatest assistance to them is the school system. The school can be no better than the teacher. And the teacher must see to it that American history and Americanism above all else are properly taught and fully absorbed by our children. It is our bounden duty to give the best of everything to educa- tion. The cost of worth-while education, like everything else, has increased. Nevertheless, 1¢ ts our obligation to provide the necessary financial support to meet these increased costs, We must continuously improve our APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD achool system; we cannot affard to do other- wise. Our State must do everything it can to better the peoples’ health. We propose to give without additional expenditures a re- organized and improved Department of Health dedicated to a full and thorough public service. The interesta of labor and industry in Pennsylvania will continue to be treated with sympathetic understanding. We must and we will see to it that they live and work in harmony with Justice to each. ‘We welcome industry to Penneylvania, In some sections we need a greater diver- sification of industry, and this administra- tion will make every effort to obtain it. We seek expansion of industry already doing business here. We plan early attention, consonant with a war economy, to relieve the economically distressed areas in the an- thracite and bituminous fields. We have the greatest highway system in the Nation and in the world. Our turnpike across the State from Ohio to near Phila- delphia was not designed as a military high- way, but it is a superb one without parallel in the Nation. Completion of the Schuyl- Kill Expressway will add to the turnpike’s value and will be a boon to industry and to the Philadelphia area. Further plans call for the turnpike’s extension in the west to Erie, in the east to the New Jersey border, and through the anthracite regions to the New York State line. Pennsylvania's agriculture enjoys an en- viable position among the States, While we rank thirty-second in area, we are thirteenth among the States in the value of farm prod- ucts. I feel certain we will add to our pro- ductivity, and, where possible, the State will aid agriculture to gain this goal. I believe it to be the duty of Government to encourage, not throttle, private enter- prise. I shall vigorously oppose any move aimed at dwarfing the freedom of individual effort or strangling the American way of life, Because of limited time, I have not ap- proached many matters which will be pre- sented to the legislature for the benefit of our people. These matters will be outlined later. However, it is fitting at this time that I reaffirm my faith in sound, efficient, and progressive government, administered with common sense. As we face grim uncertainties we Amer- icans need not fear for our strength. We must shun the counsel of despair, We must not listen to the voices of doubt or defeat- ism. The light of truth will dispel the clouds of confusion for those of faith and confidence, Everywhere, the hearts and minds of men constantly yearn for freedoms denied. The march of freedom knows no divisional lines—geographical, religious, racial, or of color. This insatiable thirst of man to re- main free or to regain his lost freedom is our most potent ally. It strengthens us and is devastating to the opposition. True, it is disturbing that free men are temporarily thwarted in their search for peace by evil men who have renounced their God. But to men of stout hearts and firm faith it is a challenge for them to rise above thelr ordinary selves and fight with crusad- ing enthusiasm for principles which are eternal—justice, equality, and freedom. The \-ay of right is the path to victory, if we have the will to boldly and confidently pursue {t. Meanwhile, all of us must carry on for a greater and more secure Pennsyl- vania. It is the duty and responsibility of every Pennsylvanian, as it is the responsi- bility of all Americans, to buttress our Na- tion, I implore your aid and seek your pray- ers. I ask for God's help in meeting our manifold problems, confident that with His aid we will solve them to the advantage of all of our people.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Present Political Trends EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. RICHARD B. RUSSELL OF GEORGIA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, January 17 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, sev- eral weeks ago Hon. James A. Farley, former Postmaster General and former chairman of the Democratic National Comampittee, delivered an address at Tampa, Fla., on present political trends. This address elicited widespread editor- ial comment, and I ask unanimous con- sent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp various editorials dealing with Mr. Farley’s address. There being no objection, the editorial comments were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: [From the Portsmouth (Ohio) Times of November 27, 1950} AN OLD HAND at THE GAME James A. Farley was master minding for the Democratic Party when some of its pres- ent strategists were still school children. He may be no smarter than his successors, but he has had more experience than they have had. Furthermore, being out of party poll- tics now, he can speak freely. Out of his experience, he has drawn the conclusion that the attempt by unions to take over the Democratic Party is contrary to the idea of the two-party system. The unions are not broadly representative. This defect in their nature, as far as politics is concerned, was sensed by many Democrats in the 1950 election. In Ohio, Mr. Farley believes, many Demo- crats voted for Senator Tarr because they wanted to salvage their party from the labor politicians who had taken charge of the anti- Taft campaign. He believes, in other words, that the Ohio senatorial election was a show-down on the unions’ bid for domination of one party in the two-party system and that the unions were licked. Senator Tarr thereby was made the bene- fictary of a decision far more {mportant than a decision in an ordinary political contest. His successful candidacy settled 8 momen- tous issue, In view of the fact the union politicians lately have been blaming their failure to win in Ohio and other States on many other things, including the war in Korea, it is in- teresting to know that an old hand at the game thinks the unionists helped to lose votes for the Democratic party's candidates. [From the Danbury (Conn.) News-Times of November 25, 1950] Monkey WE Haven't Go: James A. Farley !s, in the opinion of a good many Amertcans of both parties, one of tho best political minds in the United States today. Mr. Farley has been somewhat behind the political clouds the past few yenrs, but appears to be emerging once more. His comment on the recent elections 1s shrewd, sage, and to the point. Speaking some duys ago he said: “The Brahnan plan, socialized medicire, and other unsubstantial experiments won no honors in this election, We want to be a humane, progressive Nation, but we cannot be big-bearted with money we haven't got.” XCVII—App.——14 That seems 0 hit the nail smack on the head: “We cannot be big-hearted with money we haven't got,” Far too many of those who are superen+ thusiastic for the socialized schemes s0 widely and even wildly advocated these days appear never to think about where the money to make them work would come from. The Government, Of course, is expected to pick up the checks. But the Government, as we have noted in these columns for some years now, hasn't ®& penny of its own, It has to get all its money from the people themselves. “The recent elections,” Mr. Farley declared, “clearly demonstrated that the voters want the Government to go slow with further ex- periments in domestic affairs.” Most students of current events agree, it seems to us, with Mr. Farley. Indeed, it seems difficult for any intelligent analyst of the voting In the recent election to arrive at any other conclusion, The Fair Deal trend to the socialistic heaven was given a rude jolt that even ita greatest protagonist must have understood. We have on our hands a world problem of breath-taking proportions. We will need a united and a prosperous and a productive Nation to lead the world out of the present dilemma in which it finds itself. If this Nation is to dabble in socialism, to try to be big-hearted with money we haven't got, what 1s to become of us on the international front? Even if the majority of the American peo- ple were minded to try soclalism—we do not believe they are—this is worst of all times to take a whirl at it. [From the New York World-Telegram and Sun of November 22, 1950] Jim FARLEY’s WARNING James A. Farley's speech last night to the Florida State Chamber of Commerce in Tampa sounds very much like the opening gun of a campaign to stage a political come~- back, Clearly the former Democratic na- ttonal chairman feels his party got its come- uppance from the voters and must revamp its strategy. It seems equally clear that he’s willing to have a part in that job. The election, as he seeg it, was a Warning of disaster for the Democrats— If they become overzealous in courting labor leaders; If they continue making alliances with splinter parties; If they persist along the road to socialism and a welfare state; If they try to expedite a natural trend toward liberalism by forcing civil-rights Jogisiation on a reluctant public, In Ohfo and elsewhere, Mr. Farley believes, the voters made it plain they want a two- party system with each party bidding for general support, not selling out to pressure groups. America, he is convinced, wants no labor party as such. He thinks the way Ohio Democratic leaders turned over their party to the labor crowd caused many Demo- crats to cast protest ballots for Senator Tarr. Similarly in New York where leaders of the Democratic and Liberal Parties made their deal, the rank and file rebelled. As a result, he argues, the Liberal vote fell below its previous record and Democrats flocked to an independent rather than their party's official candidate. Mr. Farley also believes that Americans made it very clear o1. November 7 that they want no part of the Brannan plan, socialized medicine, and other crackpot schemes. At a time when the national economy must be pullt up to face threats from without, people do not want their money squandered on what he called unsubstantial experiments. Altogether the former chairman gave the ‘Truman strategists @ thorough and well- merited going over, {From the Hartford Tunes of November 327, Mn. Fantry Is Rrasr The moderation and common sense that the country has come to expect from James A. Farley are well exemplified in an address he recently delivered in Tampa before the Florida Chamber of Commerce, The former national Democratic chairman, with charac- teristic frankness, chose to speak in part on the issue of civil rights. That is a subject that some national Democratic leaders might prefer to touch lightly, if at all, before an sudience in the South. But as it was han- dled by Mr. Parley, there was enlightenment and guidance for both the North and South in his remarks. As a basic proposition, he declared that to pass & law, especially a Pederal law, is never the best way to correct an injustice. “Free men in whose hearts there lives a eense of justice and common sense” he said “can generally be trusted to do what is right.” Consequently, Mr. Farley would leave the cor- rection of the denial of civil rights—and he did not blink the fact that they are frequent- ly denled—to the sense of justice and com- mon sense of the areas tn which the problem arises, He pointed out that most of the problems are “gradually and peacefully be- ing solved right here in the South.” Mr. Farley feels that “the gates of economic opportunity for all races” are opening wider and wider, that the right to vote is spread- ing. and that lynchings “have been brought under control by the States and com- munities.” All of that is true, to 8 degree. And Mr. Farley undoubtedly outlined the most ef- fective—perhaps the only effective—approach to the problems. But there is still a question whether the opening of the gates and the spreading of the right of suffrage and the control of mass murder are proceeding at a rate conaistent with the determination of the American people that they shall soon prevail without question wherever men live under the stars and stripes. The answer lies either within the States of the South or in the hands of Federal au- thorities. Mr. Farley is right when he says corrective action should come from the local areas. The citizens there never tire in their insistence on State autonomy. But the thing that keeps up the steam in the movement for centralized attention to civil rights is the failure of local governmental units to meet their responsibilities. ne [From the Springfield (Mass.) Union of November 28, 1950] Fariey oN THE ELECTION James A. Farley feels the election results generally showed & Republican trend, but were also “good for the Democratic Party,” if it learns the lessons that will make for & better and more unified party and a better two-party system for the Nation. We know of no Democrat better equipped to draw whatever lessons there may be in the election results, and to offer sound advice to his party, than James A. Farley. He puts first the lesson of Ohio and several other places where the CIO-PAC were particularly active, that neither of the two parties nor the workingman himself, nor the voters gen- erally want an independent labor party. He believes labor has sufficient leeway with- in the scope of the two-party system to pro- tect and further ite interests. Moreover, & political party loses its effectiveness when it lacks a universal viewpoint. “The inter- esta of all the people must be considered in framing a philosophy or platform when an appeal is mate to the voters.” My. Farley drew the further lesson that the voters want the Government to go slow with further experiments in domestic affairs, con- fronted a8 we are with & great peril in our foreign relations, with immense deficits and