243 
can increase the feasibility of fuel production in 
a biorefinery, including— 
‘‘(i) catalytic processing, including 
thermochemical fuel production; 
‘‘(ii) metabolic engineering, enzyme 
engineering, and fermentation systems for 
biological production of desired products or 
cogeneration of power; 
‘‘(iii) product recovery; 
‘‘(iv) power production technologies; 
and 
‘‘(v) integration into existing biomass 
processing facilities, including starch eth-
anol plants, sugar processing or refining 
plants, paper mills, and power plants; and 
‘‘(D) analysis that provides strategic guid-
ance for the application of biomass technologies 
in accordance with realization of improved sus-
tainability and environmental quality, cost ef-
fectiveness, security, and rural economic devel-
opment, usually featuring system-wide ap-
proaches. 
‘‘(5) ADDITIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS.—Within 
the technical areas described in paragraph (4), and 
in addition to advancing the purposes described in 
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244 
paragraph (3) and the objectives described in para-
graph (2), the Secretaries shall support research and 
development— 
‘‘(A) to create continuously expanding op-
portunities for participants in existing biofuels 
production by seeking synergies and continuity 
with current technologies and practices, such as 
the use of dried distillers grains as a bridge 
feedstock; 
‘‘(B) to maximize the environmental, eco-
nomic, and social benefits of production of 
biobased fuels and biobased products on a large 
scale through life-cycle economic and environ-
mental analysis and other means; and 
‘‘(C) to assess the potential of Federal 
land and land management programs as feed-
stock resources for biobased fuels and biobased 
products, consistent with the integrity of soil 
and water resources and with other environ-
mental considerations. 
‘‘(6) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—To be eligible for a 
grant, contract, or assistance under this subsection, 
an applicant shall be— 
‘‘(A) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(B) a National Laboratory; 
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245 
‘‘(C) a Federal research agency; 
‘‘(D) a State research agency; 
‘‘(E) a private sector entity; 
‘‘(F) a nonprofit organization; or 
‘‘(G) a consortium of two or more entities 
described in subparagraphs (A) through (F). 
‘‘(7) ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—After consultation 
with the Board, the points of contact shall— 
‘‘(i) publish annually one or more 
joint requests for proposals for grants, 
contracts, and assistance under this sub-
section; 
‘‘(ii) require that grants, contracts, 
and assistance under this section be 
awarded competitively, on the basis of 
merit, after the establishment of proce-
dures that provide for scientific peer review 
by an independent panel of scientific and 
technical peers; and 
‘‘(iii) give some preference to applica-
tions that— 
‘‘(I) involve a consortia of experts 
from multiple institutions; 
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246 
‘‘(II) encourage the integration 
of disciplines and application of the 
best technical resources; and 
‘‘(III) increase the geographic di-
versity of demonstration projects. 
‘‘(B) DISTRIBUTION
OF
FUNDING
BY 
TECHNICAL AREA.—Of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated for activities described in this 
subsection, funds shall be distributed for each 
of fiscal years 2007 through 2012 so as to 
achieve an approximate distribution of— 
‘‘(i) 20 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for feedstock production 
under paragraph (4)(A); 
‘‘(ii) 45 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for overcoming recalcitrance 
of cellulosic biomass under paragraph 
(4)(B); 
‘‘(iii) 30 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for product diversification 
under paragraph (4)(C); and 
‘‘(iv) 5 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for strategic guidance under 
paragraph (4)(D). 
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247 
‘‘(C) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDING WITHIN 
EACH TECHNICAL AREA.—Within each technical 
area described in subparagraphs (A) through 
(C) of paragraph (4), funds shall be distributed 
for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2012 so 
as to achieve an approximate distribution of— 
‘‘(i) 15 percent of the funds for ap-
plied fundamentals; 
‘‘(ii) 35 percent of the funds for inno-
vation; and 
‘‘(iii) 50 percent of the funds for dem-
onstration. 
‘‘(D) MATCHING FUNDS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A minimum 20 
percent funding match shall be required 
for demonstration projects under this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(ii) COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS.—A 
minimum of 50 percent funding match 
shall be required for commercial applica-
tion projects under this section. 
‘‘(E) TECHNOLOGY
AND
INFORMATION 
TRANSFER TO AGRICULTURAL USERS.—The Ad-
ministrator of the Cooperative State Research, 
Education, and Extension Service and the Chief 
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