(3) improve and create mitigation and recovery 
methodologies, including techniques for containment 
of attacks and development of resilient networks and 
systems that degrade gracefully; 
(4) develop and support infrastructure and tools 
to support cybersecurity research and development 
efforts, including modeling, testbeds, and data sets 
for assessment of new cybersecurity technologies; 
(5) assist the development and support of tech-
nologies to reduce vulnerabilities in process control 
systems; and 
(6) test, evaluate, and facilitate the transfer of 
technologies associated with the engineering of less 
vulnerable software and securing the information 
technology software development lifecycle. 
(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Under Secretary shall coordinate activities with— 
(1) the Under Secretary for National Protection 
and Programs; and 
(2) the heads of other relevant Federal depart-
ments and agencies, including the National Science 
Foundation, 
the 
Defense 
Advanced 
Research 
Projects Agency, the Information Assurance Direc-
torate of the National Security Agency, the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, the Depart-
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ment of Commerce, and other appropriate working 
groups established by the President to identify 
unmet needs and cooperatively support activities, as 
appropriate. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated $75,000,000 to the Department for each 
of fiscal years 2011 and 2012 for the cybersecurity re-
search and development activities of the Directorate of 
Science and Technology to prevent, detect, and respond 
to acts of terrorism and other large-scale disruptions to 
information infrastructure. 
SEC. 405. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY OF CY-
BERSECURITY INCENTIVES. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary and the 
Under Secretary for National Protection and Programs of 
the Department shall seek to enter into an agreement with 
the National Research Council of the National Academy 
of Sciences to conduct a study to assess methods that 
might be used to promote market mechanisms that further 
cybersecurity and make recommendations for appropriate 
improvements thereto. 
(b) SUBJECT MATTERS.—The study required under 
subsection (a) shall include the following: 
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(1) Liability that subjects software and system 
vendors and system operators to potential damages 
for system breaches. 
(2) Mandated reporting of security breaches 
that could threaten critical societal functions. 
(3) Regulation that imposes under threat of 
civil penalty best practices on system operators of 
critical infrastructure. 
(4) Certification from standards bodies about 
conformance to relevant cybersecurity standards that 
can be used as a marketplace differentiation. 
(5) Accounting practices that require companies 
to report their cybersecurity practices and postures 
and the results of independently conducted red team 
simulated attacks or exercises. 
(6) Cybersecurity risk insurance. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than two years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report con-
taining the results of the study required under subsection 
(a), together with any recommendations of the Secretary 
related thereto. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
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be appropriated $500,000 to the Department for fiscal 
year 2011 to carry out this section. 
SEC. 406. RESEARCH ON CYBER COMPROMISE OF INFRA-
STRUCTURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to section 201 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121) and in 
furtherance of domestic preparedness for and collective re-
sponse to a cyber attack by a terrorist or other person, 
the Secretary, working with the heads of other national 
security and intelligence agencies, shall conduct research 
and determine if the security of federally owned program-
mable electronic devices and communication networks, in-
cluding hardware, software, and data, essential to the reli-
able operation of critical electric infrastructure have been 
compromised. 
(b) SCOPE OF RESEARCH.—The scope of the research 
required under subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) The extent of any compromise. 
(2) An identification of any attackers. 
(3) The method of penetration. 
(4) Ramifications of any such compromise on 
future operations of critical electric infrastructure. 
(5) Secondary ramifications of any such com-
promise on other critical infrastructure sectors and 
the functioning of civil society. 
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(6) Ramifications of any such compromise on 
national security, including war fighting capability. 
(7) Recommended mitigation activities. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the a de-
termination has been made under subsection (a), the Sec-
retary shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a report on the findings of such determination. 
The report may contain a classified annex if the Secretary 
determines it to be appropriate. 
SEC. 407. DUAL-USE TERRORIST RISKS FROM SYNTHETIC 
GENOMICS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the field of synthetic genomics has the potential 
to facilitate enormous gains in fundamental discovery and 
biotechnological applications, but it also has inherent dual- 
use homeland security risks that must be managed. 
(b) REQUIREMENT.—The Under Secretary shall ex-
amine and report to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees by not later than one year after the date of enact-
ment of this Act on the homeland security implications 
of the dual-use nature of synthetic genomics and fund re-
search in that area, including— 
(1) determining the current capability of syn-
thetic nucleic acid providers to effectively differen-
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tiate a legitimate customer from a potential terrorist 
or other malicious actor; 
(2) determining the current capability of syn-
thetic nucleic acid providers to effectively screen or-
ders for sequences of homeland security concern; 
and 
(3) making recommendations regarding screen-
ing software, protocols, and other remaining capa-
bility gaps uncovered by the study. 
SEC. 408. UNDERWATER TUNNEL SECURITY DEMONSTRA-
TION PROJECT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, 
in consultation with the Assistant Secretary of the Trans-
portation Security Administration, shall conduct a dem-
onstration project to test and assess the feasibility and 
effectiveness of certain technologies to enhance the secu-
rity of underwater public transportation tunnels against 
terrorist attacks involving the use of improvised explosive 
devices. 
(b) INFLATABLE PLUGS.—At least one of the tech-
nologies tested in accordance with subsection (a) shall be 
inflatable plugs that may be rapidly deployed to prevent 
flooding of an underwater public transportation tunnel. 
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(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the com-
pletion of the demonstration project under subsection (a), 
the Under Secretary shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report on the results of the dem-
onstration project. 
SEC. 409. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THREATS RE-
SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in carrying 
out responsibilities under section 302 of the Homeland Se-
curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182), shall support research, 
development, testing, evaluation, and transition of tech-
nology that increases the Nation’s preparedness against 
chemical and biological threats and strengthens the Na-
tion’s preparedness and collective response against these 
threats through improved threat awareness and advanced 
surveillance, detection, and protective countermeasures. 
(b) BIOLOGICAL SECURITY.—To carry out the re-
quirements of subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall 
conduct research to develop understanding, technologies, 
and systems needed to protect against biological attacks 
on the Nation’s population or infrastructure, including— 
(1) providing advanced planning tools, concepts 
of operations (including alarm resolution protocols), 
and training exercises for responding to and recov-
ering from biological attacks; 
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(2) developing biological assays and improved 
detection technology that will operate with faster de-
tection times, lower costs, and the potential for in-
creased geographical coverage to the Nation when 
compared to existing homeland security technologies; 
(3) characterizing threats posed by biological 
weapons, anticipating future threats, conducting 
comprehensive threat and risk assessments to guide 
prioritization of the Nation’s biodefense investments, 
and developing population threat assessments that 
inform the issuance of material threat determina-
tions; and 
(4) conducting bioforensics research in support 
of criminal investigations to aid attribution, appre-
hension, and prosecution of a terrorist or other per-
petrator of a biological attack, and providing tools 
and facilities that Federal law enforcement inves-
tigators need to analyze biological threat evidence re-
covered, including operation of the National Bio-
forensic Analysis Center. 
(c) AGRICULTURAL SECURITY.—The Under Sec-
retary shall conduct research and development to enhance 
the protection of the Nation’s agriculture and food system 
against terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emer-
gencies through enhancement of current agricultural coun-
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termeasures, development of new agricultural counter-
measures, and provision of safe, secure, state-of-the-art 
biocontainment laboratories for researching foreign animal 
and zoonotic diseases, including— 
(1) developing technologies to defend the Na-
tion against the natural and intentional introduction 
of selected foreign animal diseases, developing next- 
generation vaccines and diagnostics in coordination 
with the Department of Agriculture, and modeling 
the spread of foreign animal diseases and their eco-
nomic impact to evaluate strategies for controlling 
outbreaks; and 
(2) leading the Department effort to enhance 
interagency coordination of research and develop-
ment of agricultural disease countermeasures. 
(d) CHEMICAL SECURITY.—The Under Secretary 
shall develop technology to reduce the Nation’s vulner-
ability to chemical warfare agents and commonly used 
toxic industrial chemicals, including— 
(1) developing a robust and enduring analytical 
capability in support of chemical countermeasures 
development, including developing and validating fo-
rensic methodologies and analytical tools, conducting 
risk and vulnerability assessments based on chemical 
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threat properties, and maintaining infrastructure in-
cluding the Chemical Security Analysis Center; 
(2) developing technology to detect a chemical 
threat release; and 
(3) developing technologies and guidance docu-
ments to foster a coordinated approach to returning 
a chemically contaminated area to a normal condi-
tion, and to foster analysis of contaminated areas 
both before and after the restoration process. 
SEC. 410. MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND MARITIME 
SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES. 
(a) GLOBAL MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND 
MARITIME SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish capabilities for conducting global maritime 
domain awareness and maritime security technology 
test, evaluation, and transition, as provided in this 
subsection. 
(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of such capabili-
ties shall be to— 
(A) direct technology test, evaluation, and 
transition activities in furtherance of border 
and maritime security; and 
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(B) evaluate such technology in diverse en-
vironments including coastal, seaport, and off-
shore locations. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The Secretary, acting through 
the Under Secretary, shall ensure that— 
(1) technology test, evaluation, and transition 
efforts funded by the Department in furtherance of 
border and maritime security avoid duplication of ef-
forts and complement existing Department and 
other efforts in border and maritime security; and 
(2) the results of such efforts are shared with 
the appropriate congressional committees and others 
as determined appropriate by the Secretary. 
SEC. 411. RAPID BIOLOGICAL THREAT DETECTION AND 
IDENTIFICATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 302(4) 
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the Secretary shall 
require the Under Secretary, in consultation with other 
relevant operational components of the Department, to 
pursue the development of screening capabilities for pan-
demic influenza and other infectious diseases to support 
entry and exit screening at ports of entry and for other 
purposes. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS.—Not later than 
60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
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retary shall, to the extent possible, initiate development 
of safe and effective methods to rapidly screen incoming 
travelers at ports of entry for pandemic influenza and 
other infectious diseases. 
(c) COLLABORATION.—In developing methods under 
subsection (b), the Secretary may collaborate with other 
Federal agencies, as appropriate. 
SEC. 412. EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ABOUT RADIOLOGICAL 
THREATS. 
(a) PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary 
shall develop a public awareness campaign to enhance pre-
paredness and collective response to a radiological attack, 
including the following: 
(1) A clear explanation of the dangers associ-
ated with radioactive materials. 
(2) Possible effects of different levels of radi-
ation exposure, including a clear description of the 
how radiation exposure occurs and the amount of ex-
posure necessary to be of concern. 
(3) Actions that members of the public should 
take regarding evacuation, personal decontamina-
tion, and medical treatment. 
(b) RECOVERY.—The Secretary shall develop a plan 
for post-event recovery from a radiological attack. Such 
plan shall include the following: 
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(1) A definition of the demarcation between re-
sponse and recovery from a radiological attack. 
(2) Consideration of multiple attack scenarios, 
including a worst-case scenario. 
(3) Consideration of multiple recovery strate-
gies, including decontamination, demolition and re-
moval, and relocation. 
(4) Consideration of economic, health, and psy-
chological effects. 
SEC. 413. RURAL RESILIENCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall con-
duct research intended to assist State, local, and tribal 
leaders in developing the tools and methods to enhance 
preparation for, and response and resilience to, terrorist 
events and other incidents. 
(b) INCLUDED ACTIVITIES.—Activities under this 
section shall include— 
(1) research and implementation through out-
reach activities with rural communities; 
(2) an examination of how communities employ 
resilience capabilities and response assets; 
(3) a community resilience baseline template for 
determining the resilience capacity of a rural com-
munity; 
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(4) a plan to address community needs for re-
silience; 
(5) an education program for community lead-
ers and first responders about their resilience capac-
ity and mechanisms for mitigation, including via dis-
tance learning; and 
(6) a mechanism by which this research can 
serve as a model for adoption by communities across 
the Nation. 
SEC. 414. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE NEED FOR 
INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS FOR INTER-
NET PROTOCOL VIDEO SURVELLANCE TECH-
NOLOGY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) video surveillance systems that operate over 
the Internet are an emerging homeland security 
technology that has the potential of significantly im-
proving homeland security forensic and analytical 
capability; 
(2) to realize the full security benefits of such 
emerging homeland security technology, there should 
be interoperability standards for such technology; 
(3) the Directorate, working with other appro-
priate Federal agencies, should encourage the pri-
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vate sector to develop interoperability standards 
such emerging homeland security technology; and 
(4) such efforts will help the Federal Govern-
ment, which is one of the largest users of surveil-
lance technology, in detecting, deterring, preventing, 
responding to terrorist attacks. 
TITLE V—DOMESTIC NUCLEAR 
DETECTION OFFICE 
SEC. 501. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated for the Do-
mestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department— 
(1) $305,840,000 for fiscal year 2011; and 
(2) $315,005,000 for fiscal year 2012. 
SEC. 502. DOMESTIC NUCLEAR DETECTION OFFICE OVER-
SIGHT. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the 
Department (in this section referred to as the ‘‘DNDO’’) 
should work through the Directorate in conducting basic 
and innovative research and non-developmental testing, in 
order to advance next generation nuclear detection tech-
nologies. 
(b) INTERNAL REVIEW OF PROJECT SELECTION AND 
EVALUATION METHODOLOGY.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director 
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