1950 A fourth mistake was that for the first 3 years after VJ-day we refused to train and develop armed forces to de- fend South Korea, although we knew the Russians were feverishly developing large forces in North Korea, and had large and experienced units made up of Koreans across the border in both Siberia and Manchuria, We were, as usual, per- fectly correct and proper—and weak; the Russians made haste to become strong. The situation, however, was under- stood clearly by the people of Asia. It was described in the following editorial of September 22, 1948, from a Shanghat newspaper, the China Press, published in English by Chinese trained in and friendly to the United States: The Soviet’s offer to withdraw its troops from Korea by the end of 1948 is timed to synchronize with the opening of a Com- munist offensive in Asia. What we see in China, Malaya, Burma, and elsewhere are only the opening shots of the campaign— the first step, as it were, on the road to con- quest. That the Soviets are in an advantageous position in Korea appears almost axiomatic. Until a short time ago, the United States followed the terms of the trusteeships to the letter—and to the advantage of the Com- munists. Instead of training a Korean army the way the Soviets did, the United States prevented and forbade all military training in its ocoupation zone. Until the United Nations supervised an election and a Korean assembly was elected, all real power was kept out of the hands of Koreans. The Soviets, on the other hand, began their training of a Korean army almost from the time the troops entered the territory above the thirty-eighth parallel. The Korean Communist Party was given every incentive to organize and build itself up into a future government, while all opposition was ruthlessly wiped out. No wonder the Soviets are willing to withdraw today, know- ing that all the trump cards are in the hands of their supporters in Korea. For the United States, there is now no recourse but to be placed at a diplomatic dis- advantage while working for the best in- terests not only of the Korean people but of ali democracies. Unpopular though this course may be, it is the only one providing an opportunity for the people of South Korea to build up their defenses and build up an efficient administration. So long as com- munism is prevented from seizing all of Korea by force, we are confident that they cannot win the country over by Pyongyang- manufactured “democracy.” The only ques- tion is: Can the North Korean bear be held off long enough for South Korea to get on its own feet? It could not. The 3 years lead we presented to North Korea was too great. The North Korean bear has walked in. One hears people ask, How did the North Korean armies become such fa- natical fighters, such skillful warriors? First, because those who are actually North Koreans have been in training for as much as 5 years. Second, no one yet knows how many of them are not North Koreans but Siberian and Manchurian Koreans. A misstonary friend wrote me from Korea back in March of 1945, warn- ing what would happen if Russians came into Korea. But our Government dreamed along until the following Au- gust and then the military, without ad- vice from the political people, made an ad hoc decision to invite Russta in. XCVI-——665 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE He wrote: There are 200,000 Koreans living tn Siberia and sixty to eighty thousand more are in the Russian Army. If Russians should come into the war before we land troops in Korea, the impact of the Sovietized Koreans, not to mention the Russians, would be tremendous, He had written about it also to the State Department, but apparently was ignored. Many of the Koreans in Siberia were fiery patriots who fled Korea years ago to escape Japanese control. The So- viets, thinking always of achieving their world objectives, took them in, trained them, and used them in the last war in their own armies. They are hard, experienced, battle-trained veterans up against our green boys who have been trained for occupation duties more than for combat. On top of that, there are somewhere between 50,000 and a hundred thousand Manchurian Koreans who have heen trained and have fought with the Chi- nese Communists in Manchuria. They, too, have had battle experience and long indoctrination. Some ask if the South Koreans can make as good soldiers. Certainly they can, if they are given adequate training and suitable weapons under good lead- ership. If the Russians can do it, so can we, if we are willing to make the effort. But for years it proved impossible to get our Government to make the necessary effort in either South Korea or China. It is hard to believe, but our officials told our committee several times that there was more danger of South Korea attacking North Korea than of North Korea attacking the south. So, as we frequently have done, we kept our own side weak. The ones we have been coun- seled to guard against most in both Korea and China, you know, have been our proved friends, Rhee and Chiang; not the Communists, our enemies. It is fan- tastic. The autopsy makes clear that a fifth mistake was the withdrawal of our own troops in June of last year, the same month in which the President sent his message recommending the Korean eco- nomic aid program. The last unit was out even before the hearings were com- pleted. I opposed complete withdrawal of our tactical forces as strongly as I could. It was not fair to the young re- public. A mother bird does not push her nestling out until it has at least a couple of feathers. We were the ones who had held back Korean military de- velopment. It was we who waited 2 years trying to get Russian agreement. It was we who delayed another year for the United Nations to decide upon and then to conduct an election and to get the new Government established. Only then did we allow them to start building even a@ substantial constabulary. On November 20, 1948, the new Korean National Assembly passed a resolution urging United States troops to remain in Korea until the security forces of the Republic became capable of maintaining national security. Instead, our Army turned economic aid over to ECA and got out in 7 months. It decided that 10557 Korea was not of great strategic advan- tage to us—and it was not, So it pulled out before they had had a chance to build the strength necessary to hold their own against the northerners known to be backed by the Russians and the Chinese Communists in Manchuria, The Army gave as its reason that our American troops could not defend South Korea if the Russians were to attack. Of course they could not. But neither can our troops in Berlin, We have only a few thousand there. The Soviets, with their satellites in east Germany, can seize Berlin over the week end. Why do they not do it? Because of the strength of the American forces there? Of course not. It is because the American flag and a few military units are there as the symbol of American power and determined interest in Berlin. That is why Russia has not moved against Berlin, although she doubtless wants it more than almost anything else as the stepping stone to seizure of Ger- many. Members of our committee practically begged representatives of Defense and State to keep American forces in Korea for another year or two—even if only a battalion as the symbol of American power and determined interest in the security of a republic which in so many respects is our own child and that of the United Nations. If the Russians were to make an all-out attack, we would be no worse off than we would be in Ber- Mn—and our presence certainly would be the strongest deterrent to an attack. Contrariwise, military withdrawal was an open invitation to invasion. Surely the autopsy proves that if Korea is important enough to our over- all interests to justify our sending troops back in this June after an attack was well under way, then it could not have been right to pull out last June. Or, if it was right to pull out last year, how can we justify fighting back in at such cost now? Then this House refused to support the Lodge-Walter amendment last Au- gust—a sixth mistake, in my opinion. It was a bipartisan amendment offered by two Members who have demonstrated their understanding of the issues in China, the gentleman from Connecticut {Mr. Lopcr] and the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Myr. Watter}. It was offered to the bill establishing the Mutual Defense Assistance program which the bill before us today extends for a year. The amendment provided the admin- istration with authority and funds to give military aid to those resisting Com- munist aggression in China and in areas around China. If the President and his Cabinet wanted to take the respon- sibility for not using it, wanted to make no real effort to prevent communism from conquering the remainder of China, Formosa and other endangered areas, then they did not have to do anything. But, as I said here then, I was not will- ing to be responsible before God and my country and my children for not doing my best to make available to the administration whatever it might need to help all those still free in China
10558 and Formosa to resist further enslave- ment and to keep the advancing Soviet glacier as far from our positions as possible. The administration would not give us the green light on the amendment, and it was voted down with almost every Re- publican voting for it and with only a few Democrats following the wise ex- ample of the gentleman from Pennsyl- vania [Mr. WaLTER], a man who knows the score on Communist activities. Later the Senate put in $75,000,000 for aid to be used in the general area of China, and it became the law. But did the administration use it? Not a cent until recently. The Russians, of course, knew that and naturally interpreted it as meaning that we would not make a real effort to help either Korea or China with military supplies. That brings us to the biggest error of all—the announcement by the President on last January 5, that we were not going to provide any military aid or advice to Chinese forces on Formosa, those Chi- nese who have been fighting communism for 23 years—most of the time alone— and who still have the courage and in- .telligence to fight it—although still alone, The Secretary of State enlarged upon the President’s statement in a press conference, He said: We are not going to get involved militarily in any way on the tsland of Formosa. Whatever else those statements did, they certainly gave public notice to the Kremlin that the door to Formosa was open as far as we were concerned, and they could walk right in. : Then on January 12, 1950, in a speech before the Press Club, the Secretary of State was publicly reported as saying that our security line which we are going to defend runs from the Aleutians through Japan and Okinawa to the Philippines. Since Formosa lies beyond that line, it reaffirmed that we would not be con- cerned if Formosa were to be seized by the Communists. Somebody over in the Kremlin ap- parently said, “We have a map around here somewhere. Let us take a look at it." They found Korea was also beyond our line and therefore would not be de- fended by us. So they moved in, Why should anyone be surprised? Parenthetically, the Russians must have been shocked and outraged indeed when the policy announced so positively in January was reversed in June. It is my impression that our return to Korea is the only time we have ever double- crossed the Kremlin. That is treatment we have usually reserved for our friends. Mr. Chairman, the last great mistake I shall mention was the policy of putting reform ahead of security. Our first pre- occupation has been to produce eco- nomic recovery and development, based on the thesis that communism wins by propaganda, that people voluntarily choose communism—and especially in countries where people are in poverty. No, it has never yet won a country by propaganda. It has not gained control of a single country on the face of the earth, beginning with Russia, except by force of arms, The really powerful and CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE successful propaganda comes after, not before the conquest. Some blithely accept the myth that it is by means of their ideas that they seize power. No, the wonderful slogans about all the benefits their regime will sup- posedly bring win some so-called intel- lectuals, but in the main propaganda is merely the softening-up weapon, the smoke screen behind which they build up and then use brute force—armed vio- lence. It is after they get control that the real indoctrination that turns people into fanatics begins. They black out every word or idea except what they want people to hear, from the time a baby is nursing at his mother’s breasts until he goes to his grave, It is thus that they are able to change men into the fierce fighters with which they intend to conquer the world. Many kindly but innocent persons in our country have been led to think that if we help people to higher standards of living, that will prevent the spread of Communist imperialism. It is not so. The South Koreans with our assistance had a considerably higher standard of living than the North Koreans. Did that give them protection? No, it reduced their protection because it made them a@ more desirable target while diverting attention from their first need—security. Some argue that this is not a war of armaments but a war of ideas and that the better idea and the system which produces most benefits for people will of course win, That is not so either—in the short run. All of history proves that bad ideas supported by arms regularly win over better ideas not supported by arms, I am completely confident that com- munism will ultimately fail, because of its own immoralities; but it can and will destroy us and our Civilization first—un- less we are at least as well organized, de- termined and strong. In short, I am not afraid of Commu- nist ideas; I am afraid of Communist arms. Once they overpower you, you do not have any opportunity to do anything with your ideas, no matter how much better they may be. In his inaugural address, President Truman stated ‘clearly the necessity of securing if there is to be maximum eco- nomic improvement. He said that only when countries are “no longer concerned with the problem of national survival” will they be able to work as our partners “to improve the standards of living of all their peoples.” But apparently his State Department did not believe him for it demanded im- possible internal reforms as the first condition of our assistance even at a time when in some cases like China, Korea, and the Philippines, their very survival as independent nations was in mortal peril, Both reform and security are necessary and each assists the other. But it is demonstrated that when a na- tion is threatened by Communists, it must give first priority to its security because only if it remains free is there any hope for democratic reforms. Once taken over by communism there will be no more chance for internal improve- ment than there is today in Poland or Manchuria, JULY 18 The chief reason for this military aid bill is that we have found we cannot get the peoples of western Europe to make an all-out effort at economic recovery and reform until they have a greater sense of security. Why should we have expected it of the Koreans? Or the Chi- nese? I hope we will learn something for ourselves from our mistakes which have led to such tragic experiences for them, For the Koreans, both north and south, have been the victims not of any bad intentions on our part, but of our igno- rance—ignorance of the history of Asia, the geography of Asia, the nature of the Communist world conspiracy and its methods, and the real factors which de- termine power including both words and weapons. They have been the victims of ex- pediency on our part—our thinking we could thereby save American lives. They have been pawns in our struggle with the Kremlin. These are some of the reasons, Mr. Chairman, why we cannot adopt the suggestion a colleague has just made that we use the atomic bomb against North Korea. It was we who invited Russia to en- ter the Pacific war. It was we who divided Korea. It was we who withdrew our troops when the Koreans were still almost de- fenseless. It was we who announced we would not do anything to defend them because they are beyond a certain line. How in God's name can we drop the atomic bomb on people who are engaged in this terrible war as the result of de- cisions that we ourselves made, and on which they were not even consulted? It is hard to say that, but it is true. To save some American lives right now is terribly appealing. But surely we know that it would cost us our moral case, and far more lives, too, in the long run. It would not save civilization; it would destroy it. Well, then, in view of all this past his- tory, why take the action we did on June 27 when the President reversed the previous policy and sent troops back into Korea? First, it is not because Korea is valuable as a piece of real es- tate. Second, it is not because it has strategic value to us. Third, it is not because there can be any possible ma- terial or physical gain to ourselves. We had to do it, when it came to a show-down, Mr. Chairman, because of the moral factors involved and the politi- cal objectives at stake. If we had failed to take a stand against this further and particularly bald and unprovoked Com- munist aggression, then not only Korea but the United Nations would have gone down just as the League of Nations did when it failed to act against aggression. Who in Asia—or Europe for that mat- ter—could put any confidence in us or in the United Nations? Formosa would go. The Philippines would go. You will re- call that just a year ago its President, Mr. Quirino, warned us here in solemn pro- phetic words that the time runs short in which we have a chance to define our
1950 policy with respect to Communist ag- gression in Asia, as we did define it in 1947 with respect to Communist aggres- sion in Europe. We have not been will- ing to pay attention to men from the Orient who knew thair own countries and their own Communists, Indochina would go and soon the rest of southeast Asia. Without access to its materials and markets, Europe could not recover. Certainly we cannot support her indefinitely. Then Africa and South America would go. They are already honeycombed in large areas, Then where would we ourselves be? Mr. Chairman, we had to either resist this aggression in Korea or else prepare to withdraw to the North American Con- tinent, Those were the only choices we had. The Kremlin embarked long ago on a vast program of world conquest. Never in history has such a military expansion stopped until it was checked. Never can one stop until it is checked. Therefore, our choice has never been between checking it or not checking it. Our only choice has been between check- tng it early while still strong ourselves and with strong allies and much of the world on our side; or waiting until we stand alone and then try to check it with just our own strength, and probably Jose ourselves and our freedom in the process, You ask, May this action lead to all- out war? Of course tt may lead to war; but not to take it certainly will lead to war, and very possibly to our destruc- tion. Great as are the risks of the deci- sion that has been made, the risks of further indecision would be greater. As a matter of fact, there are some Brounds for encouragement: First. There is nothing fundamentally worse in the situation than there was before. The disease is only more appar- ent. It is visible to more people. Since it has been there all the time, that awakening is good, not bad. Second. Our own mistakes and mis- calculations are also more visible. They are being recognized and in some quar- ters acknowledged. That is the first step toward their correction. Third, We are arriving at last at a clear diagnosis: Communists in Asifa are not likely to be accepted much longer as simple agrarian reformers. Communist movements in Korea, China, and the other countries are seen to be spontane- ous peasant uprisings to gain land, peace, bread, liberation, democracy, people’s governments, and all the other trick slogans; they are organized aggression, completely subservient to and directed from the Kremlin. Fourth. We have quit running back~ ward, We are facing forward on our west as we started facing forward on our east 3 years ago. At last we are be-~ ginning to grapple with the problem instead of deluding ourselves that it does not exist, or at least is not serious, That gives hope. Fifth. For the first time the doctrine of containing communism until it breaks from its own inner weaknesses and cruel- ties has a chance to succeed because, for the first time, we are to try it, I am CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE convinced that the Soviet system, if its expansion is checked, will crack from its own inability to deliver on all the fancy promises it makes. But we cannot check it by holding in Europe and the Middle East and leaving the other end of the barrel—Asia—wide open. We have never yet put into effect the policy of containment that many have talked about. Unless it is complete con- tainment, then, of course, it is not con- tainment at all. I hope that we intend to contain from now on—while presenting to the confused and discouraged peoples of the world the better alternatives that only genuine independence and security can make possible for them. If we do, I believe that the utter immoralities and viciousness within the Soviet system it- self will break it down. A sixth favorable factor is that in some ways it is better to have the show-down over a case of naked, premeditated ag- gression against the United Nations- sponsored Republic of Korea, with a gov- ernment chosen in a supervised election in which 92 percent of the people voted, than to have the issue drawn over Hong Kong or Indochina, for example, or even Japan. Our moral case is stronger be- cause the moral issues in Korea are clear and uncompromised, A seventh encouraging factor is that presumably we will at last try to develop in Asia programs of mutual effort on the pattern that was worked out successfully in Greece: (1) Moral support to give hope to those who had almost resigned them- selves to Communist enslavement. The effects on morale will be dramatic. (2) Military and economic aid including ad- visers to the key countries, where re- quested. And we ought to send those who have succeeded in the past and have the will to win, not those who have failed or who are sure nothing much can be done and therefore spend their time ex- plaining why they cannot succeed. (3) Political support. The administration ought to send to the hot spots, such as Formosa, the Philippines, and Indochina, the ablest trouble-shooters we have, Without top-notch political, military, and economic advisers with real author- ity from our Government, no amount of military and economic aid can be ex- pected to be effective. Eighth, I hope that the State Depart- ment will now exercise some real initia- tive and leadership toward the Pacific pact that last year’s law called for but under which nothing was done. We have reaffirmed the unanimous view of our committee that in Asia, just as in Europe, no one of the nations can stand alone against Soviet might and intrigue. Furthermore, all of them together can- not make it without our full participa- tion and support. It is time to get going In making clear to them that if they are willing to work and work together, the United States stands with them. Al- though it is very, very late, I am con- vinced they will make a better effort than the defeatists expect—if they believe, as @ result of our new actions and attitudes, that we are becoming mature and de- pendahle Ninth. There should be a real chance to strengthen the United Nations so that it can begin to assume more and more 10559 of the burdens which we have had to carry because no one else was strong enough to do so. Surely it is clear now that the Soviet Union joined the United Nations not to get peace but to be in a position to further and protect her own aggressions, Surely the lengths to which Russia is willing to go to get Communist China seated in the Security Council make clear how critical she knows that to be to her program of conquest in Asia. If China is to her the key to all problems on the international front, then it can- not be less important to us. To send American boys to die to stop Communist aggression in Korea and then to give Communist aggression in China the pres- tige and power that seating that regime in the United Nations would bring is un- thinkable. Tenth. One may hope that the naive Titoist myth about Chinese Communists which has befogged so many official minds, will now be recognized as a de- Tusion and abandoned. The line has been, you know, that if we would just help the Chinese Communists succeed, somehow that would make them fail. That was the way the State Department was going to win Mao Tse-tung away from the Kremlin. But let me read this quote from the speech Mao made at the closing session of the big Communist political confer- ence in Peking just 2 days before the attack on Korea began. The Com- munists themselves broadcast it to the United States: Internationally we must firmly unite with the Soviet Union, the various people’s de- mocracies, and all peaceful and democratic forces (this should be read “all Communist forces") throughout the world for our great aim. There cannot be the slightest indeci- sion or wavering on this question. It always was fantastic to imagine we could convert our enemies into our friends by treating our friends as if they were our enemies. I hope events have ended that phantasy for keeps. If so, it represents the beginning of the long road back to sanity and safety. Now, one last word. There are only two things that I am afraid of in this whole world situation. One is that we might fail to understand the nature or underestimate the strength, the determi- nation, the wide infiltration, the cruel ruthlessness of the forces of the Krem- lin that are against us. Americans dare ot kid themselves longer. It would be ‘atal The other is that we might fail to understand the nature or underestimate the size, the strength, the wide distribu- tion, even behind the curtain, of the forces of freedom that are for us. That would be just as deadly a mistake. If, a8 a result of this cruel attack upon the free people of Korea, we come to understand at last the full import of communism’s crusade for enslavement of the world and rededicate ourselves to the crusade for freedom which has been America’s historic mission in the world, then what looks now like total disaster can conceivably bring some ulti- mate benefit; it can be the beginning of the end for the Kremlin’s tyranny. If the Kremlin had not shown its hand so unmistakably in Korea, we might have
10560 slumbered on until its strength became so great and the free world so divided and demoralized and weakened that we could not match its power. Then we would have had not only a third world war, but a war that the free world could not win. Mr. Chairman, from July 4, 1776, to 1931 when Japan invaded Manchuria, the areas of freedom in the world stead- ily expanded and the areas of slavery contracted, But from 1931 down to the present there has been an alarming ex- pansion of the areas of despotism and slavery in the world and a corresponding contraction of the areas where men can choose their own rulers and determine their own destinies. This trend must be stopped—and reversed—or none of us will be free. A lot of time has been lost, but thank God we are at last awakening. It is late, but I believe not yet too late. If we will mobilize fully and organize effectively the moral, the material, and the military resources of ourselves and of all free peoples under imaginative, courageous, and inspiring leadership, then the tide of tyranny that threatens everything we count precious can be turned back. Only thus can we secure once more the bless- ings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity. Mr. KEE. Mr. Chairman, I have no further requests for time. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may desire to the gentle- man from New Jersey (Mr. WOLVERTON]. Mr. WOLVERTON. Mr. Chairman, the bill now before us to strengthen the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, and broaden its scope, is one of extreme im- portance in the fateful situation with which our country is now faced. The bill provides for the authorization of funds necessary to continue military aid not only in the European area but also in the Far East with particular reference to Korea and the serious situa- tion that now exists there. The bill was unanimously reported to the House after hearings were held. Testimony as to the nature of the prob- lem that confronts our Nation in differ- ent parts of the world, and the military necessities, was given by Dean Acheson, Secretary of State; Louis A. Johnson, Secretary of Defense; Gen. Omar N. Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; W. Averell Harriman, special representative of the United States in Europe; and Gen. George C. Marshall, former Chief of Staff of the United States Army and former Secretary of State. Statements were also received from many members of our diplomatic service serving in many of the troubled spots of the world. The underlying purpose of the bill is to make effective the findings and decla- ration of policy adopted by the Congress in 1949. It reads as follows: FInpiIncs AND DECLARATION OF POLICY The Congress of the United States ree affirms the policy of the United States to achieve international peace and security through the United Nations so that armed force shall not be used except in the common interest. The Congress hereby finds that the efforts of the United States and other countries to promote peace and security in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE furtherance of the purposes of the Charter of the United Nations require additional meas- ures of support based uopn the principle of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid. These measures include the furnishing of military assistance essential to enable the United States and other nations dedicated to the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter to participate effectively in arrangements for individual and collective self-defense in support of those purposes and principles. In furnishing such military assistance, it re- mains the policy of the United States to continue to exert maximum efforts to obtain agreements to provide the United Nations with armed forces as contemplated in the Charter and agreements to achieve universal control of weapons of mass destruction and ‘universal regulation and reduction of arma- ments, including armed forces, under ade- quate safeguards to protect complying nations against violation and evasion. The Congress hereby expresses itself as favoring the creation by the free countries and the free peoples of the Far East of a joint organization, consistent with the Charter of the United Nations, to establish a program of self-help and mutual cooperation de- signed to develop their economic and social well-being, to safeguard basic rights and liberties and to protect their security and independence, The Congress recognizes that economic recovery is essential to international peace and security and must be given clear priority. The Congress also recognizes that the increased confidence of free peoples in their ability to resist direct or indirect aggression and to maintain internal security will advance such recovery and support political stability. In view of the changed situation in the Far East, and, particularly because of the events in Korea, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House has unanimously adopted a motion that— It 1g the sense of the committee that the report of thiz bill contain the statement that the ccmmittee favors the negotiation of a Pacific Pact, consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, for the com- mon defense of the Pacific area, and the participation therein of the United States. The necessity for this bill and the as- sistance that has and will be given, I think is recognized by all. There is no disputing the fact that the situation is serious and world peace is threatened. The world is being rapidly divided be- tween Russia on one side which is at- tempting to destroy principles of free- dom and enslave nations and people against their will, and on the other side the free peoples of the world, led by the United States, who are determined to maintain principles of freedom, justice, and democracy, as against communism, and resist enslavement to a totalitarian dictatorship. It has become increasingly clear that if the people of Europe and Asia were to maintain their freedom it would be necessary to do two things. First, strengthen the economic life of the free- dom-loving nations that had been devastated as a result of World War II, and, thereby give hope to the crushed and disheartened people of these nations, and, second, assist them in creating de- fensive strength so they could have some assurance of protection and not be scared into quick surrender and con- sequent serfdom by a display of power by Russia or any of its satellites. In JULY 18 providing these two forms of aid the United States has had to take a leading part. However, it is not intended that our Nation shall carry the entire burden and consequently a system of coopera- tion has been developed that calls upon each of the nations assisted to help them- selves and to give aid to others to the extent their resources will permit. We all deeply regret that Russia does not give that assurance of future peace to the world which we would like to see. But, our conscience as a Nation is clear. There has been no desire upon our part for the land of other nations, nor to hold dominion over the people of other na- tions. As a Nation we have sought and will continue to seek only the acknowl- edgment and recognition of those prin- ciples of justice, freedom, and democ- racy that will tend to make the peace of the world permanent and secure. The peace of the world is the deepest desire of the heart and soul of America, To the fulfillment of this desire our Na- tion and its people are dedicated. May God give us the vision and the courage to accomplish that to which we are dedi- cated. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from New York [Mr. CoupErtT]. Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Chairman, I think there has rarely been a more en- lightening and inspiring statement from the floor of this House than that just given by the gentleman from Minnesota. . I was so interested in it myself, so car- ried away by it, that I had almost com- pletely forgotten that I was scheduled to follow him. Mr. Chairman, this is a grave hour for the people of the United States. Ameri- cans are dying in the rice paddies of Korea. Thousands more are faced with the same grim prospect as compulsory military service reaches out for them, The Korean fiasco has made it abun- dantly clear that the very existence of the United States is threatened by a two- fold menace: First, the ruthless ambi- tions of the Kremlin and, secondly, the blundering incompetence of the Truman administration, If the United States is required to make an almost major effort to cope with what the President has so lightly characterized as police action against one of the most insignificant of the Kremlin satellites, how indeed can we expect to meet the menace of Soviet power in more vital areas when we have one hand tied behind our back through the proven incompetence of this admin- istration. Prior to Sunday night 3 weeks ago, it had been an accepted premise of the Truman foreign policy that Korea was indefensible and was not of vital stra- tegic interest. Our occupation troops had been deliberately withdrawn. Obvi- ously our military plans were made upon the basis that it would not be necessary to defend Korea. And yet in a few hours on a Sunday evening, without consulting Congress or his Cabinet, the President completely reversed the position and or- dered American military intervention in Korea. He could not have been right both times, that is, when it was decided to abandon Korea and withdraw Amer-
1950 ican troops and secondly, when that pol- fey was reversed and, it was decided to intervene without the military power to do the job successfully. What a grim demonstration of the administration's inability to formulate a consistent for- eign policy and sound military strategy. The whole story is a tragedy of errors for which Americans are paying with their ltves and which must greatly weak- en our position throughout the world. The American people are caught in a grim squeeze between the ruthless am- bition of the Kremlin and the blunder- ing incompetence of the White House. The United States can survive the Soviet challenge alone. The double threat, however, is a menace to our very exist- ence. We can hardly expect to success- mully meet Soviet ambitions and power, shackled by continued incompetence at the top. The administration, of course, will make impassioned pleas for unity in the face of foreign aggression. There can be no true unity without confidence. The record of the White House over the past years justifies no confidence. On the contrary, it excites only the most lively apprehensions. If the United States were operating under the parlia- mentary system, there can be no doubt that this administration would now be voted out of office in response to the in- dignant demand of an outraged people. In view of the known failures of ad- ministration policy, Congress and the American people should completely re- appraise their situation and seek to es- tablish a responsible relationship be- tween our foreign commitments and the strength and resources available to maintain them. We are brought face to face with this problem by events in Korea. If there should be further dete- Tioration in that situation, as now seems possible, we shall have to make an im- mediate decision as to how far we may safely permit the commitment of Ameri- can military resources in Korea, in the light of our far-flung obligations in Europe and elsewhere throughout the world, Congress has a very real responsibility in these unhappy circumstances which it cannot duck—the responsibility to protect the American people from fur- ther disastrous follies of the administra- tion. The administration must be curbed—its power to blunder must be limited as far as possible. Only an in- dependent-minded and vigilant Con- gress can do this. It alone can act. Congress must establish a firm curb upon the power of this irresponsible admin- istration, There should perhaps be es- tablished a joint committee to sit con- tinuously for the purpose of controlling the administration’s actions during this perilous period, There should be ap- Pointed to such committee the ablest Members of both Houses, regardless of membership on committees or seniority. This may be a time of life and death for the American people. It is no time to be fooling around with politics. As to the bill now pending before us, I expect to vote for ft for one reason and one reason alone. I have no illusions as to its purely military value. I do not be- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Heve that the small amount of weapons and military equipment that may be au- thorized by this bill will make any deci- sive difference, in the short term cer- tainly, in the ability of the western Euro- pean nations to defend themselves if the Kremlin should undertake to move in. As the gentleman from Minnesota re- marked a moment ago, the Soviet could take Berlin in a week end, if it wanted to, and presumably that goes for the rest of that fringe of Europe which we are committed to stand by in case of aggres- sion. However, we have a policy the Congress decided upon last year. It is represented by the North Atlantic Pact and the accgmpanying military agree- ments. I fear that the moral effect of not continuing this program at this time might well be devastating. I think under the circumstances we have no choice. We must sustain this policy. We must pass this bill and we must go forward with it, hoping, indeed praying, that it may prove effective. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. St. Georcr). Mrs, ST. GEORGE. Mr. Chairman, we have heard from the distinguished members of the Foreign Affairs Commit- tee about this bill, and I am sure that even before they spoke no one in this House would oppose it. We all favor it and we favor it for many reasons, First of all, it seems that we must favor it because at this time in our country’s history we have finally reached the stage where we need friends, where we cannot stand alone. Secondly, we need it be- cause it is in effect an economy. I notice on page 57 of the committee report that when General Marshall was asked in the committee what it would cost to arm the United States of America to stand alone and to defend itself against communistic aggression all over the world, he replied that he was not sure but I quote: “I would say something around well over $30,000,000,000 a year.” Now the fact, is, Mr. Chairman, that this country is being bled white and that it cannot go on spending at the rate of $30,000,000,000 a year for any cause, however worthy. Lenin said years ago that the way for the United States to be destroyed was for her to bleed herself white. That is the Russian propaganda and the Russian idea, and we are very likely to see it happen if we do not watch out. That is why this measure is a good measure. Because in this measure we are building up our friends, we are giv- ing them strength so that they can stand with us, so that they can also carry their weight in the world. We have come to the point now where we need strong friends, where we have got to give up championing all the weak and feeble people of the world who cannot fight for themselves, No; we want to be with people who think as we do and also who fone ne *0 fight as we are willing to We hear a great deal these days about the lack of money, the lack of prepared- ness of our troops and of our Govern- ment all over the world. I would like to ask a question right here on the floor of this House. I hold in my hand the fig- 10561 ures for the total military expenditures from 1946 through 1949. I would like to point out that, of course, in the fiscal year 1946 these figures represent the last year of the war and are so startlingly high that I have checked and double checked them, as I am always fearful of figures, remembering the words of Dr. Johnson when he said that there are “les, damn lies, and statistics.” But, after checking these figures most care- fully I find that since 1946 we have ex- pended in the neighborhood of $80,000,- 000,000. The breakdown is as follows: For 1946, for the activities of support- ing defense, military defense and naval defense—and I will put all these items separately in the Recorp—45,065,- 933,859. For 1947, Air and Army-Navy, activi- ties supporting defense, $14,280,559,774. For 1948, $10,923,637,230. For 1949, $11,913,515,099. Expenses for 1946 Activities supporting defense_-_--.....-. 2-2. $3, 026, 676, 196 Military defense....-...... 25, 276, 061,313 Naval defense...-...---... 16, 763, 186, 351 Total_._.... wenn nee 45, 065, 933, 859 Expenses for 1947 Air and Army-_-........-.. 6, 203, 869, 844 Navy_..--.----.-------.--- &, 557, 849, 602 Activities supporting eNS@. 2. anew 2, 429, 340, 2388 a 14, 280, 859, 774 Expenses for 1948 Direction and coordination of defense... ..-. $828, 227 Atr.. 222-0022 enn 1, 116, 798, 224 Army. ~~22-~ 222 e nee nee 5, 247, 196, 653 Navy . .....-------- nee 4, 197, 848, 030 Activities supporting defense__....-...._--. -- 860, 986, 006 Total._..-.-.-.--... 10, 923, 657, 230 Expenses for 1949 Direction and coordination of defense.....-..-..-.. $9, 291, 369 Air... 22. petacnnnnenee nse 1, 754, 222, 334 Army... ...--...---.-.---.. 5, 237, 323, 096 Navy. ..--------------~---- 4, 377, 420, 026 Activities supporting dGefense_.......--.-.--.. 635, 258, 274 Total.....-------.-. 11, 913, 516, 099 Now, Mr. Chairman, if we do not have the best Army, Navy, and Air Force in the world, if we do not have the best equipped Army, Navy, and Air Force in the world, it is not the fault of this Con- gress; it is not the fault of the American taxpayer. It is because someone has blundered; someone in the executive branch of the Government. They have been given the tools; they have been given the money, and I subscribe heart- lly to the words of the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. Jupp] when he said, “Bring back the men that knew how to do the job, such as Grew, and others.” But I would go one step further, Mr. Chairman, and I would say, “Get rid of berg men that do not know how to do the This is a question that the American people want answered. What has hap- pened to this money, what has happened to this treasure, the greatest treasure ever spent by any nation,in peacetime
10562 on any armament? That question should be answered. Yes; we will go forward, we will spend more money, and we will spend more blood. We are determined to win. But in justice to those boys who are dying over there, some of whom are dying be- cause they are not properly equipped, we should have this question answered. Above all, we should see that this never happens again. That is our job in this Congress. That, it seems to me, is par- ticularly the job of the women of the Congress. We cannot go out and fight, and for that reason we have all the more responsibility to see that those men who are doing the fighting and the dying are properly equipped. So I say at this time, there is but one prayer for us, and we should mean it morally and physically, “Lord, give us strength.” Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Michi- gan (Mr. Crawrorp], Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I wish to ask the chairman of the com- mittee or one of his experts one or two questions about this bill as far as it re- fers to material things. Section 1 of the bill provides that we shall authorize the President to have $1,000,000,000 for military assistance. I wish to ask the chairman of the com- mittee if any member of the council and the defense committees of the North Atlantic Pact organization had re- quested any part of this $1,000,000,000. Mr. KEE. All of the pact countries with the exception of two have requested aid. There are two countries that have not requested it. Mr. CRAWFORD. I am asking spe- cifically now if the Council and the de- fense committees created by the North Atlantic Pact, who shall define how these funds shall be used, or any members of those committees, requested these funds erocially. That is a very simple ques- on. Mr. KEE. I would say they have, be- cause that is the only way those funds can be allocated. Mr. CRAWFORD. This bill states that the President shall be authorized to furnish military assistance. I am going to discuss this bill from the angle of ma- terial things. Material assistance in the form of what? “In the form of equip- ment, materials, and services to such na- tions as are parties to the treaty and request such assistance.” That is the reason I was trying to find out if this as- sistance had been requested. Secondly, any such assistance fur- nished under this title shall be subject to agreements, further referred to in section 402 of the original bill. These funds are to be used in accord- ance with the plans by the council and the Defense Committee under article A of the North Atlantic treaty. And you realize unified direction and effort, and after the agreement by the Government of the United States with the defense plans as recommended by the council and Defense Committee. Now, I understand these funds must used in accordance with the plans made by the Council and Defense Com- ee, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Military assistance however shall be furnished only in accordance therewith. Here is some strange language which I find in this bill and to save my life, un- der present conditions, I do not under- stand why the committee would recom- mend its enactment. It provides that none of this money shall be used and none of the funds made available for carrying out the provisions of this act to construct or aid in the construction of a factory or any other manufacturing establishment outside of the United States, or to provide equipment for any such factory or other manufacturing es- tablishment, Here we want the members of the North Atlantic Pact to help us build military equipment and help defend the group and we say that none of the funds shall be used for the purpose of putting them in position to do that very thing. To me that is poor business procedure. I cannot understand it. I am very tempted, if it were permissible under the rules, to move to strike that language out. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. Mr. VORYS. The language the gen- tleman is referring to is partly my prod- uct and partly the product of Senator VANDENBERG. There were a number of us who take a dim view of using our funds to build up factories for arms production over there which might be subject to sabotage or capture. On the other hand, the section represents a compromise be- tween our views and those of the mutual defense assistance planners who seek to have military production. The amend- ment made this year, which includes pro- duction equipment as well as machine tools, will make it possible by an expendi- ture of $70,000,000 to produce somewhere between four and seven times that amount of equipment. Mr. CRAWFORD. The remarks I made a moment ago were not meant to be as critical as they might have sounded. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Vorys] has explained the situation. In the original bill I can understand why that language was put In, but I am sorry I was not around when this bill was drafted to help further modify the orig- inal language so as to put this in condi- tion for us to go ahead at full steam. So I imagine the gentleman went just as far as he could go, considering the situa- tion. Now, the gentlewoman from Califor- nia, (Mrs, Dovcias] was discussing a while ago the expanding of our indus- trial production at this particular time. After having talked with the spokesmen for the five biggest steel companies they tell me that their steel plants are run- ning over 100 percent of rated capacity. They tell me they have on their books at the present time about 120 percent worth of backlog orders for each 100 percent of capacity which they are now producing. So you are not going to get a big expan- sion of any production of capital goods under these conditions unless the con- sumers of durable and nondurable con- sumers goods are willing to eliminate from our consumption budget a sufficient amount of goods to let war material step JULY 18 up very high in production and use the machinery for proglucing consumer goods to be devoted to the building of war goods. In wartime you are not supposed to expand your domestic consumption. You are supposed to deny yourself and produce goods for the boys on the bat- tlefields. I think the hour has arrived when we should do that very thing. I do not know what the President is going to talk about when he comes here tomor- row, but I hope he will recommend re- striction in the use of installment credit. In view of the fact that this sort of op- eration has to do with costs—living costs and industrial costs, I hope the President will also bring into operation on the part of the Commodity Credit Corporation a release of some of these enormous surpluses that we are piling up in the form of cotton, wool, fats, and oils where the ready markets are mov- ing along at the rate of 110 percent or more of parity prices and where we sit and hold those goods in reserve and let the markets skyrocket and the price ad- vance. One woolen manufacturer indi- cated that he will have to advance the price of woolen goods per yard to the point where a man’s suit will be in- creased in cost by two or three dollars. The Congress and the American people have been alerted to a message that the White House is expected to deliver on Wednesday noon. It has been hinted that the message will be a complete re- port on the Korean situation and will be accompanied by President Truman’s recommendations for additional legisla- tion necessary to put the country on a Gegree of war mobilization. It has been further hinted that the message will contain recommendations for a great number of controls including control of prices and rationing. The White House and the Secretary of Agriculture have recently deplored the rise in commodity prices and have as- serted that they were not justified. The prices of cotton, wool, and fats and oils have recently established new highs and are unquestionably the playthings of the speculators. Textiles have recently an- nounced advances because of increased cost of raw materials. One manufac- turer has predicted that the recent price rise will increase the cost of a man's suit by two to three dollars. I am informed that the Commodity Credit Corporation owns and controls approximately 50 percent of the coun- try’s cotton stocks—and incidentally, on the basis of the present spot market for cotton it is selling at an estimated. 110 percent of parity. The Government also owns large stocks of cottonseed and cot- tonseed oil, and practically controls these markets. Prices of these commodities have likewise shown sharp increases re- cently. The Commodity Credit Corpo- ration also owned on May 31, 1950, over 12,000,000 pounds of wool, which is cur- rently also selling far above parity. If the administration truly wants to hold the lid on prices, I suggest that they utilize the stocks acquired with the tax- payers’ money by the Commodity Credit Corporation, offer them to the domesti¢, market at the current market price, an
1950 thereby stop further inflationary price rises resulting from the operations of speculators, Where the Government is hoarding large stocks of commodities there exists no valid reason for specula- tion or wild inflationary price increases, Use of these stocks to stabilize commod- ities is more to be desired than another OPA and its resulting mass of orders and controls. To me, those prices have to do with the facilities of the provisions in this bill, wherein we are to provide, as the gentle- man from Ohio has pointed out, these material goods, Personally, I think we should further modify this language to let a part of these funds be used to enable other countries to actually get into pro- duction. The argument can always be made that these things may be used against us. That is true. That is true in connection with everything we put out under the Marshall plan and the Truman doctrine, and all of these other benefits that we have sent to off-shore areas, I would like to see the committee recommend such an amendment when the bill comes up for reading under the 65-minute rule. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Craw- rorD] has expired. Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may require to the gen- tleman from Iowa [Mr. Martin]. Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I am in favor of this legislation, and it is a high honor and privilege indeed to make the closing statement of this de- bate. American troops today are engaged in active combat. They need every as- sistance we can give them and our Na- tion must put its shoulder to the wheel unitediy and to our utmost capacity in order to maintain American prestige in the family of Nations. The discussion today in the House of Representatives has been one of the best and most informative proceedings I have witnessed during my entire service in Congress. There have been many speeches so outstanding that I plan to keep the record of this debate in my permanent files and I know that stu- dents of history will have occasion to refer to these proceedings many times in the years ahead, I deeply appreciate having the privi- lege of joining in the discussion long enough to call the attention of the House of Representatives to the historical back- ground bearing on the great issues con- fronting us here. While the discussions today have pri- marily covered the events and the poll- cies of the immediate past, they are the inevitable outgrowth of more than a cen- tury of rivalry and conflict between the free nations of the world and Russia. Alexis de Tocqueville, of France, in 1831, visited the United States to inquire into what was then hatled as the great experi- ment in constitutional liberty. Coming to North America shortly after the pro- nouncement of the Monroe Doctrine, De Tocqueville was acquainted with the major currents of national developments in Europe which, in view of subsequent events, he described with remarkable preoision. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Writing about 1835 in his Democracy in America—P. F. Collier & Son, 1900, volume I, page 441—-he summarized his views with unusual clarity: There are, at the present time, two great nations in the world which seem to tend toward the same end, although they started from different points: I allude to the Rus- sians and the Americans. Both of them have grown up unnoticed; and whilst the attention of mankind was directed elsewhere, they have suddenly assumed a most promi- nent place amongst the nations; and the world learned their existence and their great- ness at almost the same time. All other nations seem to have nearly reached their natural limits, and only to be charged with the maintenance of their power; but these are still in the act of growth; all the others are stopped, or con- tinue to advance with extreme difficulty; these arc proceeding with ease and with ce- lerity along a path to which the human eye can assign no term. The American struggles against the natural obstacles which oppose him; the adversaries of the Russtan are men; the former combats the wilderness and savage life; the latter, civilization with all its weapons and its arts; the conquests of the one are therefore gained by the ploughshare; those of the other by the sword. The Anglo-American relies upon personal interest to accomplish his ends, and gives frea scope to the unguided exertions and common sense of the citizens; the Russian centers all the authority of society in a sin- gle arm; the principal instrument of the former is freedom; of the latter servitude. Their starting point is different, and their courses are not the same; yet each of them seems to be marked out by the will of Heaven to sway the destinies of half the globe. Just before the outbreak of the Cri- mean War in 1853 between France and England on the one hand and Russia on the other, Lord Palmerston, British For- eign Minister for many years and Prime Minister for nearly 10 years, spoke of the czardom and its methods as follows: The policy and practice of the Russian Government has always been to push for- ward its encroachments as fast and as far as the apathy or want of firmness of other governments would allow it, but always to stop and retire when it was met with decided resistance. In furtherance of this policy, the Russian Government has always had two strings to its bow, moderate language and disinterested professions at Petersburg and London; active aggression by its agents on the scene of operations. It is equally interesting to read these same basic ideas, further developed a few years later in 1856 by Commodore M. C. Perry, which I quoted in an extension of my remarks in the Recorp of January 18, 1950. During the last 40 years the march of events, as clearly foreseen by De Tocque- ville, Palmerston, and Perry, have brought the situation anticipated by them closer. Two world wars, by de- stroying the great stabilizing military powers separating the antagonistic ex- ponents of despotism and constitutional liberty, have served to hasten foreseen events toward their culmination. Throughout it all we have failed to develop a consistent foreign policy based upon our true national interests. For years such policy, a8 we have had, has sprung from pure political expediency and opportunism without the slightest regard for the basic considerations of our permanent welfare and stability, or 10563 for the great principles upon which our Government was founded. The debate today brings home to the American people proof that the legisla- tive branch of our great Government is now thoroughly alert to the shaping of our destiny. With a Nation united and with the coordinated help of the free na- tions of this earth we will meet the chal- lenge hurled at us from behind the iron curtain. Mr, VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I require, which will not be long. Mr. Chairman, we are here under a somewhat unusual rule, in that the de- bate is to run through the course of the day. The minority have had consider- able to say and they have also been fac- ing a party conference to elect a minor- ity clerk, which will take place in this room as soon as we adjourn today. Under this rule, I presume it would have been the right of the majority to require the chairman to hold an even balance on the time. That has not been done, and we Republicans have had the time to express ourselves fully even though we took more than our exact half of the afternoon. I want to express my appreciation to our courteous, coura- geous, patient, and patriotic chairman, Judge Keer, for the bipartisan way in which he has permitted the debate to proceed this afternoon. Mr. Chairman, I have no further ree quests for time. Mr. KEE. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may desire to the gentle- man from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD]. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the remarks of the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. CarrouLu], who has been a constant sup- porter of this legislation and who is wholeheartedly in favor of this bill, be placed in the Recorp at this point. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, it is so ordered, There was no objection. Mr. CARROLL. Mr. Chairman, the shadow of the Korean crisis looms over us as we debate this legislation to ex- tend the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, We are concerned with hard, brutal, fast-moving facts, rather than theories or possibilities. United States forces are engaged in what may well be @ long and bitter struggle to restore peace in the Far East. This Nation once again has demonstrated its ability to act quickly and decisively in a crisis, and the United Nations has shown the strength and will to take effective inter- national action against aggressors. These momentous events have oc- curred in the few short weeks since the pending legislation was drafted. They have demonstrated beyond question the necessity for the free nations of the world to continue mutual defense as- sistance measures. Nothing we can say here in debate regarding this bill can be as convincing an argument as the actual march of world events. Just 6 months ago, a bill providing $60,000,000 for economic aid to Korea came to a vote on the floor of the House, and failed of passage by one vote. A few weeks later, wiser judgement prevailed and the House passed a Korean-aid bill.
10564 Unfortunately, however, even this bill was a scaled-down version of the bill passed by the Senate. I voted for and gave my full support to both of these aid bills, as I did regarding the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949. I sin- cerely hope that those Members who voted against these bills now have been convinced by hard facts that this pro- gram is necessary. Of the total authorization of $1,222,- 800,000 contained in S. 3809, only $16,- 000,000 is allocated to Korea and the Philippines. My first thought when the Korean crisis developed was that this sum should be increased substantially. However, investigation has convinced me that such action will not be necessary for the effective prosecution of the ef- forts to resist the north Korean aggres- sors. In the first place, the $75,000,000 which would be authorized for the gen- eral area of China could be allocated to Korea, and the President has author- ity under the bill to transfer approxi- mately $100,000,000 from other titles of the bill for Korean aid is necessary. In addition, the bill provides authority for the transfer of up to $250,000,000 in ex- cess equipment, and as much of this as js needed could go to the south Korean forces. Secondly, we must remember that our own military operations in Korea will be financed by appropriations to the Armed Forces, rather than under the authori- vation of funds for the mutual defense assistance program. The general appro- priations bill is before the Senate, and any additional appropriation for the Armed Forces can be made easily and without delay. These facts indicate that there is no pressing need to increase the authorization contained in S. 3809 for aid to Korea. Mr. Chairman, it is natural for us to lay stress on the Korean crisis in our consideration of this bill. However, the bill is much more far-reaching in its pur- poses. The great bulk of the aid which would be authorized by 8S. 3809 is de- signed for the North Atlantic nations and for Greece, Turkey, and Iran. The fundamental importance of this bill is not its provisions for Korean aid; it is that this legislation is an essential part of our efforts to prevent an outbreak of aggression anywhere in the world. When the North Korean forces marched below the thirty-eighth paral- lel they initiated a psychological as well as a military attack. The men behind the Korean attack have far broader ob- jectives than the subjugation of the South Korean forces; they are striking a blow at the minds of men and women in all the nations outside the Soviet orbit. They are hoping to build fear and timid- ity in the nations of western Europe and the Middle East, and to tear down the will of these countries to stand against ageression, Consider the effect upon the world if President Truman had not acted promptly and decisively in Korea. Any weakness upon our part would have been interpreted as a warning that the United Btates would not back up the free na- tions in the event of pressure from Rus- sia or her satellites. A crippling blow ‘would have been struck at the North At- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Jantic Pact and all our other efforts to unite the free world against aggression. Undoubtedly the planners of the North Korean attack were hoping that we would display weakness rather than strength. Once again, they have under- estimated the united will of the Ameri- can people. The Korean attack was not an isolated incident. It is part of a plan which has included the guerrilla warfare in Greece, the attempt to set up a puppet govern- ment in Iran, the Czechoslovakian coup, the Berlin blockade, and the inciting of strife and disunity in Italy, France, and the Far East. We may assume that this is not the last incident in the series. Pressure of one sort or another will be applied wherever it appears the non- Russian nations are weakest. It is our task to do everything possible to elimi- nate weak spots, and thus to preserve peace. The nations which will be aided by Senate bill 3809 are in critical areas of the world. Iran, for instance, is adja- cent to the Russian border, and it is un- der constant pressure to enter the Soviet fold. In Greece, the guerrilla forces have been checked, but there still is a Com- munist nucleus in the nation, and guer- rilla forces across the frontier in Bulgaria could cause a flare-up of the civil war. Turkey occupies an extremely strategic position, and her continued resistance to communism is vital. Guerrilla warfare in the Philippines is menacing the secu- rity of that nation, and strife and dis- unity are present in other nations of the Far East. There is no need to emphasize the necessity of building up the strength of our partners in the North Atlantic Pact, for a major portion of our entire postwar peace effort has been devoted to increasing the strength and stability of the nations of western Europe. The present bill continues the policies laid down in the Mutual Defense Assist- ance Act of 1949. These policies are based on the North Atlantic Treaty. Since the treaty went into effect on Au- gust 24, 1949, the North Atlantic Council has become a working organization, bi- lateral agreements with the North At- lantic nations have been signed, a unified concept for the integrated defense of the North Atlantic nations has been agreed upon, and substantial deliveries of mili- tary matériel have been made. As Senator Connatity, the distin- guished chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said during the Senate debate on Senate bill 3809: I think it is safe to say that never before in our peacetime history has 80 much con- structive planning been accomplished by s0 many nations in such a short period of time. We must continue this program and accelerate it if possible. In Korea we have learned that there is no quick or easy method of checking a determined aggressor, Through the principle of mu- tual assistance and self-help, the free nations must increase their collective strength. Mr. Chairman, the passage of this bill will make possible the continuation of this vital program. In addition, it will be an indication to the Soviet states, as well as the nations outside of the Rus- JULY 18 sian orbit, that the United States ts strong and determined, It will be a clear demonstration of our united will to maintain peace and freedom in the world. The mutual-defense-assistance program, like the action now being taken in Korea, is thoroughly consistent with the principles laid down in the United Nations Charter. It is action in support of peace, not war. An overwhelming majority of the people of the United States are united behind this program. I am confident that the House will give its prompt approval to this most neces- S8ary Measure. Mr. KEE. Mr. Chairman, I want to take this opportunity to thank the acting leader on the minority side, the gentle- man from Ohio [Mr. Vorys], for the very fine compliment he paid to me this after- noon. I want to say that I have not shown to him any more courtesies than he has always shown to me, and it has always been a pleasure to be associated with him in any effort for the common good. Mr. Chairman, I move that the Com- mittee do now rise. The motion was agreed to. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having resumed the chair, Mr. Mitzs, Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that that Committee, having had under consideration the bill (8. 3809) to amend the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949, had come to no resolution thereon. COMMITTEE ON RULES Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SapatH], chairman of the Committee on Rules, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Rules may have until] mid- night tonight to file eight privileged reports. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the centleman from West Virginia? There was no objection. MILITARY STRENGTH OF THE UNITED STATES Mr. McGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Connecticut? There was no objection. Mr. McGUIRE. Mr. Speaker, the New York Herald Tribune of July 12 carries a@ column by Joseph and Stewart Alsop in which these writers state that “Not more than three divisions’—outside of Ger- many—"are in a condition of partial readiness.” ‘They go on to say that “al- though ostensibly the United States dis- poses of nine and a half Army divisions and two marine divisions, this is paper strength.” The point the Alsops hope to make is we have not appropriated suffi- cient funds to our Armed Forces since the end of World War II and that we should step up our appropriation several billions. But an entirely different question is involved here, if their figures regarding our puny military strength are correct.
1950 Bince the close of World War II, Con- gress has allocated roughiy $60,000,- 000,000 to our Armed Forces. Is it pos- sible that the expenditure of all this money-~roughly 10 times the annual cost of our total Federal Government be- fore World War Ti—has resulted only in a partial preparation of only three fight- ing divisions outside of Germany? This is a serious matter and, I hope, one which we will examine closely without delay. For the defense dollar has no meaning unless it is related to value received. We must answer this question immediately and if we have received little in return for our outlay, then we must act with dispatch to correct this dangerous situa- tion, no matter what the individual con- sequences. I am sending a copy of this statement to Secretary Johnson for his comment. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr. MANSFIELD) was given permission to ex- tend his remarks in three instances and in each to include extraneous matter. Mr. ROOSEVELT (at the request of Mr. MANSFIELD) was gtven permission to extend his own remarks, Mr. McMILLAN of South Carolina asked and was given permission to ex- tend his remarks and include a speech made by the gentleman from Florida (Mr. PErerson]. Mr. THORNBERRY asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include extraneous matter. Mr. PHILBIN asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks and in- clude a newspaper article. Mr. BOYKIN asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks and in- clude an article by Mr. Ben May, of Mobile, Ala., notwithstanding the fact that it will take 4% pages of the Recorp and is estimated by the Public Printer to cost $389.50. Mr. McGUIRE asked and was given permission to extend his own remarks. Mr, MARTIN of Iowa asked and was given permission to revise and extend the remarks he meade in the Committee of the Whole today and to include ex- cerpts and quotations. Mr. DONOHUE asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and in- clude extraneous matter. Mr, VAN ZANDT (at the request of Mr. Martin of Massachusetts) was given permission to extend his remarks in sev- eral instances and in each to include newspaper clippings. Mr. WILSON of Indiana asked and was given permission to extend his own re- marks, Mr. FORD asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in two in- stances and in each to include extrane- ous matter. Mr. JUDD asked and was given per- mission to extend the remarks he made in the Committee of the Whole this af- ternoon and include additional extrane- ous matter, Mr. JUDD asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in two separate instances and in each to include extraneous material. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr, WOLVERTON asked and was given permission to extend his own re- mar Mrs. HARDEN asked and was given permission ta extend her remarks and include an article from the Farm Journal, The SPEAKER. Under the previous order of the House, the gentlewoman from Massachusetts {Mrs. Roczrs] 1s recognized for 2 minutes. THE ARMY'S NEW ARTIFICIAL HAND Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, in these days when we are hear- ing of the fearful casualties in Korea it is nice to read about the things that have been done to alleviate the distress and agony of mind of arm and hand amputees not only of the last war, but of the present war, and also civilians. I would like to praise a group of Army men who have devoted day after day and day after day to this tedious, not unin- teresting, but difficult, work of develop- ing an improved artificial hand, the universal hand, But they worked even with enthusiasm because their cause is great. It is their first major product. The prosthetic device is almost indis- tinguishable from the real thing and has a comparable efficiency of 40 to 60 percent, according to the developers. May I say that it is fortunate this has been done because up to a few years ago nothing then was done to assist men who lost their hands and their arms. The amputees had only archaic aids to use. The following is the article which appeared in this morning’s paper: Army’s New ARTIFICIAL HAND Dexmep 40 to 60 Pxxcent Evricrent A crew of Army men, working quietly for 4 years, yesterday unveiled its first major product—the untversal hand. The prosthetic device is almost indistin- guishable from the real thing and has a comparable efficiency of 40 to 60 percent, according to the developers, the prosthetic research laboratory of the Army Medical Center here. It is the seventh in line of ateadily improving models. Virgil Pittman, 24-year-old former Air Force buck sergeant, of Indianhead, Md., demonstrated the deft facility of the me- chanical hand for newsmen yesterday. He lost all but a short stump of an arm in an auto accident last November. FACILITIES JOINED Lt. Col. Maurice J. Fletcher, laboratory director, told how the project to help ampu- tees was developed. Back in October 1945 an artificial-hand laboratory was opened and about 6 months later this was blended, with other phases of research, into the prosthetics laboratory. After hundreds of studies of existing mate- rial on artificial limb design gave little hope for a really successful hand, the laboratory set about on “completely fundamental re- search in the development of prosthetic devices.” The first major work is the mechanical hand. Its development involved studies of exact positioning and curvature of fingers, anthropomorphic characteristics, size and coloring, and also mechanical phases, such as pressure required for security of grasp, ease of maintenance and movement, toler- able weight, practical methods of manufac- ture and cost. MECHANICAL THUMB The developed device has a mechanical thumb, index and second finger, and oper- 10565 ates on & voluntary-motion basis, with a built-in automatic lock for greater security of grasp. While this research was going forward, plastic workers were concentrating on a cos- metic glove to cover the mechanism-—one which would be tinted to match a person's skin tones, was easily cleanable and readily replaceable. To provide indtviduality, the workers added small skin blemishes, freckles, and nail bruises, and threaded in nylon matched to the patient's hair. This accomplished, amputees tested the hand tn all ways of daily life, in each case making some reference to the hand, and tn most situations the public was unaware the hand was not real, Colonel Fletcher said. One amputee, a ticket taker in a theater, accidentally singed a portion of the hand. A patron, spotting the mark, declared: “That looks like the same ailment I have. If you Uke, I'l give you the name of a good ointment to cure it.” LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR THE BAL- ANCE OF THE WEEK Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, may I ingutre of the majority leader as to the program for the rest of the week? Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, fol- lowing disposition of the military assist- ance bill, the next order of business will be consideration of the bill (S. 2822) to amend the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. The rule on that bill provides for 2 hours general debate. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. That will be taken up tomorrow if con- sideration of the present bill is con- cluded? Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. There are eight rules reported on bills concerning the Federal Judiciary. These bills will be brought up. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Eight different bills? Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. These bills will be brought up with the understanding, however, that if rules are reported or other legislation which the leadership feels should have priority they will not be called up one after the other. Would the gentleman like me to state what these judgeship bills are? Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Yes. Mr. McCORMACK. These bills are as follows: H. R. 5137, to provide for the appoint- ment of an additional Federal judge for the eastern district of Texas, H. R. 6450, providing two additional jJudgeships for the Northern District of Tiiimois. H. R. 7009, to repeal the proviso against filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the eastern and western districts of Missouri. Someone has stated to me that this has a rela- tionship to our old friend Dick Duncan. Those who were here when Dunean was a Member of the House will remem- ber what a valuable Member he was.
10566 Mr. NARTIN of Massachusetts. There is no political favoritism in any of these bills? Mr. McCORMACK. Oh, no. The next is H. R. 6836, to repeal pro- hibition against filling the vacancy in the office of district judge for the dis- trict of Delaware. I think our friend from Delaware (Mr. Bocas] is very much interested in that bill. The next one is H. R. 6869, to repeal prohibition against filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the western district of Pennsylvania. H. R. 6240, to authorize the appoint- ment of a district judge for the north- ern and southern districts of Indiana. H. R. 7570, providing for an additional district judge for the northern district of Ohio, H. R. 3775, providing for an additional district judge for the third division of the district of Alaska. Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I yield to the gentleman from New York. Mr. KEATING. Did I understand from the majority leader that those bills had already received Rules Committee clearance? Mr. McCORMACK. Yes; rules have been reported out. Mr. KEATING. Today? Mr. McCORMACK. Yes. Mr. KEATING. Does the chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary appear in support of those bills? Mr. McCORMACK, I am unable to state that. Mr. KEATING. I was opposed to the bills and was told to come before the Rules Committee tomorrow morning at 11:15. I wonder if it is possible the majority leader might have been misin- formed as to these bills having Rules Committee clearance? Mr. MCCORMACK. I can state upon competent authority that the eight of them have been reported out. Prior to that I would have stated to the best of my information and belief, but now I have been advised by authority that I consider is most competent that they have been reported. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I am sure the Rules Committee will be glad to hear the gentleman on tomorrow just the same. Mr. KEATING. Ihave no doubt about that. Normaily I do not like to be treated in that manner and I know the majority leader would not like it. I feel sure that there has been some misunderstanding between the distinguished gentleman of the Committee on the Judiciary and my- self, since he told me this morning that the hearing would be tomorrow morn- ing on these judgeship bills before the Committee on Rules. The matter came up while the chairman of the Judiciary Committee and myself were attending another hearing, and at that time the chairman of the Committee on the Ju- diclary directed his secretary to defer the hearing on these particular bills until tomorrow morning before the Com- mittee on Rules. That is the last I heard of it, and "knowing the chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary as I do, I feel sure that there has been some mis- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE understanding in the matter and would not, for a moment, care to leave the im- plication that anything has been done without my knowledge and over my ob- jection. . Mr. McCORMACK. Might I state that I know nothing about that, except that about which I was informed, and now it has been confirmed, that these rules have been reported out, and I wanted to ad- vise the membership of the House that they would be brought up from time to time. If the gentleman from New York has any understanding otherwise, I really know nothing about that. I am just giving the information to the House. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield, I might add, I think that those rules were reported out with the understanding that there will be Republican judges named in each of these vacancies, with the exception of one, probably. Mr. McCORMACK. I amsure that the gentleman from Ohio wields tremendous influence everywhere. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Massachusetts has expired, ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the House of the follow- ing titles, which were thereupon signed by the Speaker: H.R. 940. An act to authorize construction of the Eklutna project, hydroelectric gener- ating plant and transmission facilities in connection therewith, and for other pur- poses; and H.R. 5966. An act to adjust and define the boundary between Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Cherokee-Pisgah-Nan- tahala National Forests and for other pure poses, ADJOURNMENT Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o’clock and 12 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Wednesday, July 19, 1950, at 12 o'clock noon, EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- tive communications were taken from the Speaker’s table and referred as fol- lows: 1662. A letter from the Chairman, Export. Import Bank of Washington, transmitting the Tenth Semiannual Report of the Export- Import Bank of Washington, covering the period January to June 1950, pursuant to the provisions of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. 1563. A letter from the Comptroller Gen- eral of the United States, transmitting a report on the audit of Government Serv- ices, Inc., for the fiscal year ended December $1, 1949, pursuant to a request by Govern- ment Services, Inc.; to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk JULY 18 for printing and reference to the proper calendar as follows: Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 4579, A bill to amend section 383 of title 28 of the United States Code to provide for the attendance at judi- cial conferences of the ninth judicial circuit of the district judges in Hawail; with amend- ment (Rept. No. 2576). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 6144, A bill to authorize the sale of a small tract of land at Great Falls, Mont.; without amendment (Rept. No. 2581). Ree ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr, BRYSON: Committee on the Judi- cilary. H. R. 9158. A bill to revise, codify, and enact into law title 21 of the United States Code, entitled “Food and Drugs”; without amendment (Rept. No, 2582). Ree ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. MURDOCK: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 6257. A bill to provide a comprehensive and adequate water resources basic-data program; with amendment (Rept. No. 2584). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. BENTSEN: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 6929. A bill to authorize the acquisi- tion by the United States of the remaining non-Federal lands within Big Bend National Park, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 2585). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Btate of the Union. Mr, DURHAM: Committee on Armed Berve ices. §. 3520. An act to strengthen the com- mon defense by providing for continuation and expansion of Western Hemisphere pro- duction of abac& by the United States; with amendment (Rept. No. 2686). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of tne Union, Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 6900. A bill to provide an ace celerated program for surveying and map- ping of the United States, its Territories and possessions, and for other purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2587). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. SABATH: Committee on Rules, House Resolution 702. Resolution for consideration of H. R. 6454, a bill to althorize the appoint- ment of two additional district judges for the northern district of Illinois; without amendment (Rept. No. 2688). Referred to the House Calendar, Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 703. Resolution for consideration of H. R. 6240, a bill to authorize the appoint- ment of a district Judge for the northern and southern districts of Indiana; without amendment (Rept. No. 2589). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. DELANEY: Committee on Rules, House Resolution 704. Resolution for con- aideration of H. R. 6836, a bill to repeal the prohibition against the filling of a vacancy in the office of district Judge for the district of Delaware: without amendment (Rept. No. 2590). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. COX: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 705, Resolution for consideration of H, R. $775, a bill to provide for an addi- tional district judge for the Third Division of the District Court for the District of Alaska; without amendment (Rept. No, 2601). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. LYLE: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 706. Resolution for consideration of H. R. 5137, a bill to provide for the appoint- ment of an additional Federal district judge for the eastern district of Texas; without amendment (Rept. No, 2592). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. McSWEENEY: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 707. Resolution for cone
1950 sideration of H. R. 7570, a bill to provide for the appointment of one additional district Judge for the northern district of Ohio; with- out amendment (Rept. No, 2693). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. OOLMER: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 708, Resolution for considera- tion of H. R. 7009, a bill to repeal the pro- viso against the filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the eastern and western districts of Missourl; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2694). Referred to the House Calendar, Mr. SMITH of Virginia: Committee on Rules. House Resolution 109. Resolution for coneideration of H. R. 6669, a bill to re- peal the prohibition against the filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the western district of Pennsylvania; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 2595). Referred to the House Calendar. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 6959. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Willtam Watt; without amendment (Rept. No. 2677). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. BH. R. 6960. A bill authorising the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to James Wilbur Watt; without amendment (Rept. No. 2578). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 6961. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to E. White Watt; without amendment (Rept. No. 2579). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 6062. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Minnie M. Watt Kopac; without amendment (Rept. No. 2580). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House. Mr. MORRIB: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 7773. A bill authorizing the issuance of a patent in fee to Nancy Takes Enemy Un- der Baggage; with amendment (Rept, No. 2583). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. CAVALCANTE: H.R. 9156. A bill to provide for the estab- Hstment of a United States Medical Acad- emy; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. HELLER: H.R. 9157. A bill to create the United States Medical Academy; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. BRYSON: H.R. 9158. A dill to revise, codify, and ene act into Jaw title 21 of the United States Code, entitled “Food and Drugs"; to the Committee on the Judiciary, By Mr. FULTON: H.R. 9169. A bill to amend the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, to reduce the Federal employee payroll by providing additional opportunities for optional retirement; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. RODINO: B. BR. $160. A bill to provide for the de- velopment and improvement of aircraft in- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE tended for Mmdustrial or use, and adaptable for military service; to the Com- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr, VURSELL: H.R.9161. A bill to amend the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937 to increase the an- nuittes payable to retired railroad employees and their surviving widows; to the Commit- tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, By Mr. VINSON: H. R. 9162, A bill to direct the Secretary of Defense to transfer and convey certain lands to the Federal Communications Com- mission in connection with the Federal Com- munications Commission's radio-monitoring program; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. VAN ZANDT: H.R. 9163. A bill to provide that, in the administration of veterans’ laws, service here- tofore, or hereafter performed outside the United States shall be held and considered to be wartime service; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. SCRIVNER: H.R. 0164. A bill to exempt States and political subdivisions thereof from the tax on conveyances, and for other purposes, to the Committee on Ways and Means, By Mr. ELLIOTT: H. Con. Res. 244. Concurrent resolution to favor a Pacific Pact and the United States partictpation therein; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. PLOOD: H. Res. 608. Resolution to authorize the Committee on the District of Columbia to investigate and study the recent increase in the price of bread in the District of Columbia; to the Committee on Rules. H. Res. 600. Resolution to provide funds for the expenses of the investigation and study authorized by House Resolution 698; to the Committee on House Administration. By Mr, CANNON: H, Res. 700, Resolution for the investiga- tion of the national-defense program; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. TRIMBLE: H. Res. 701. Resolution fixing salary of House messengers; to the Committee on House Administration. By Mr. EVINS: H. Res. 710. Resolution to authorize an investigation and study of veterans’ educa- tion and training under Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a), a8 amended; to the Committee on Rules. H, Res. 711. Resolution to provide funds for the expenses of the investigation and study authorized by House Resolution 710; to the Committee on House Administration. By Mr. VINSON: H. Res. 712 Resolution providing for the consideration of S. 3620, a bill to strengthen the common defense by providing for con- tinuation and expansion of Western Hemis- phere production of abacé by the United States; to the Committee on Rules. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced artd severally referred as follows: By Mr. HEFFERNAN: H.R.9165. A bill for the relief of Malja Sisko Erkkila; to the Committee on the Ju- atctary. By Mr. JONAS: H.R. 9108, A bill for the relief of Louts J. T. Hendrickx; to the Committee on the Ju- dictary. By Mr. KLEIN: 8. 8.9167. A bill for the relief of Henry Hasenberg; to the Committee on the Judi- By Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts: H. R.9168. A bill for the reltef of Mr. Selim Salloum, also known ss Robert Salloum; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 10567 By Mr. ROOSEVELT: H.R. 9169. A bill for the relfef of Dr. Arthur Kirc; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R.9170. A bill for the relief of Con- stantin and Lucia (Bercescu) Turcano; %0 the Committee on the Judictary. PETITIONS, ETC. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: 2264. By Mr. REED of Illinois: Resolution of the board of directors of the McHenry County Farm Bureau, opposing the provi- sions of Benate bill 3424; to the Committee on Public Works. 2265. By the SPEAKER: petition of J. Ben Critz, vice prestdent, Dallas Chamber of Commerce, Dallas, Tex., relative to the Su- preme Court decision handed down pertain- ing to the tidelands off the shore of Texas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 2266. Also, petition of Al Gordon, presi-+ dent, Radio News Club, Hollywood, Calif,, relative to a statement issued by Radio News Club of Southern California on Federal Com- munications Commission's hearing on news- slanting charges against radio station KMPC; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 2267. Also, petition of H. F. Kirk, vice president, National Organization Masters, Mates, and Pilots of America, Inc., Ballti- more, Md., condemning the unprovoked, un- justified, and reprehensible attack of South Korea by the Communist-led North Korean forces; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 2268. Also, petition of Roy M. Nishikawa, chairman, Japanese American Citizens League, Salt Lake City, Utah, relative to House Joint Resolution 238, which provides for extending equality in naturalization to all resident aliens; to the Committee on the Judiciary. SENATE Wepnespay, JuLy 19, 1950 (Legislative day of Saturday, July 1,1950) The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of the recess, Rev. L. Oakey Wilburn, D. D., super- intendent, Petersburg, Va., district, the Methodist Church, offered the following prayer: O God, make us eternally grateful for Thy many mercies. Give us a feeling of gratitude, too, for Thy loving forgive- ness through the ages. As we call upon Thee this day, may we exalt Thee and praise Thy name in the land of a people who stand for freedom. In an hour of trouble and anxious concern, help us to be steady and to have the judgment to mark out a way that is sure and secure before Thee. Ever be with those who serve wherever they may be and in whatever service they are called upon to tender. Give comfort to every soul who feels so keenly the stress and strain in these hours. Upon these on whom depends so much, and on whom so many depend, give Thy grace and the power of Thy Holy Spirit, that they may make wise decisions. May there be none in our land who will not stand for time-honored and proven principles that bring justice and righteousness. Above all else, make our faith equal to our needs at all times. In Jesus’ name we pray. Amen.
10568 THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. MayBanKk, and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, July 18, 1950, was dispensed with. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT— APPROVAL OF BILLS Messages in writing from the Prest- dent of the United States were commu- nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries, and he announced that on July 18, 1950, the President had approved and signed the following acts: §.381. An act for the relief of Low Way Hong; and 8.2575, An act for the relief of Yayoko Kobayashi! and June Kobayashi, and for other purposes. PHOTOGRAPH-TAKING IN SENATE CHAMBER Mr. WHERRY. Mr, President, a par- liamentary inquiry. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena- tor will state it. Mr. WHERRY. I thought it was against the rules of the Senate to take @ picture of the Senate while it was in session. The VICE PRESIDENT. It is against the rules, Mr. WHERRY. Then I ask the dis- tinguished President of the Senate to see to it that the rule is enforced, for certainly there was a flash here just a moment ago, The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair observed the flash, but he is advised that it was outside the Senate Chamber. Mr. WHERRY. There was certainly a flash inside the Senate Chamber, but I do not know where the camera is. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair would suggest that if any photographer took a picture of the Senate Chamber when it is in session, the Sergeant at Arms see to it that it is not developed. Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Chair. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair is advised that what happened was that some photographer took a picture of the gentleman conveying the message of the President as Ke came into the Senate Chamber. Mr. WHERRY. I was of the view that the flash was inside the Senate Cham- ber, and I believed it was in violation of the rules if that had happened; but if it was outside the Senate Chamber, it is perfectly agreeable to me. It was a pretty strong flash, to get inside the Senate Chamber. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair agrees that it was a strong flash, CALL OF THE ROLL Mr. MAYBANK. I suggest the ab- sence of a quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will call the roll. The roll was called, and the follow- ing Senators answered to their names: Aiken Chavez Ferguson Anderson Connally Flanders Benton Cordon Frear Brewster Darby Fulbright Bricker Donnell George Bridges Douglas Gillette Butler Dworshak Graham Byrd Eastland Green Capehart, Ecton Gurney Chapman Ellender Hayden CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Hendrickson McCarran Russell Hickenlooper McCarthy Baltonstall Hill McClellan Schoeppel Hoey McFarland Smith, Maine Holland McKellar Smith, N. J. Humphrey Magnuson Sparkman Hunt Matone Stennis Ives Martin Taft Jenner Maybank Thomas, Okla. Johnson, Colo, Millikin Thomas, Utah Johnson, Tex, Morse Thye Kem Mundt Tobey Kerr Murray Tydings Kilgore Myers Watkins Langer Neoly Wherry Leahy O'Conor Wiley Lehman O'Mahoney Williams Lodge Pepper Young Lucas Robertson Mr. MYERS. I announce that the Senator from California [Mr. Downey] is absent because of illness. The Senator from South Carolina {Mr. Jounston], the Senator from Loui- siana [Mr. Lone], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. Taytor], and the Senator from Kentucky (Mr. WitHERs] are ab- sent by leave of the Senate. The Senator from Tennessee [Mr, KEFAUVER] is absent on official commit- tee business. The Senator from Connecticut (Mr. McMauon] is absent on public business. Mr. SALTONSTALL, I announce that the Senator from Washington ({[Mr. Cain] and the Senator from Michigan (Mr. VANDENBERG] are absent by leave of the Senate. The Senator from California [Mr. Know .anp] is absent because of a death in his family. The VICE PRESIDENT. A quorum is present, REPORT ON KOREAN SITUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION—MESSAGE FROM THE PRESI- DENT (H. DOC. NO. 646) The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a message from the President of the United States, which was read and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (For President’s message, see pp. 10626- 10630 of House proceedings in today's ReEcorp.) Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the mes- sege of the President of the United States obviously speaks for itself. However, I think that, after every Senator has ls- tened to the message, we all must real- ize the gravity of the situation which today exists in America and in the world. The President has presented in his message a broad program for the ex- panding of our Armed Forces. He has requested that we stand firmly back of .the United Nations Organization, and he has also asked that the productive power of America be placed into opera- tion in order that we may check the aggressive action of the Northern Ko- reans and of all others who may come to their aid, It seems to me, Mr. President, that the message is one of real importance, I think everyone can see that the lead- ership of the Commander in Chief at this particular time is firm, courageous, and superb. I am satisfied that the Congress of the United States and the . great majority of the American people will support the Chief Executive of the JULY 19 Nation in the request he makes in this unusual hour of peril. Mr. President, a bill has accompanied the :nessage, which is in the hands of the distinguished Senator from South Carolina (Mr. MayBankK] who, I under- stand, will handle the proposed legisla- tion before his committee. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I wish to make the shortest speech perhaps that I have ever made in the Senate, by way of comment on the historic message which the President sent to the Congress today. I wish to say I think it was a good American message, issued by a good American. I intend to support it to the mit, TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Senators be per= mitted to present petitions and memo- rials, file reports, introduce bills and joint resolutions, and submit routine matters for the Recorp, without debate and without speeches. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request? Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, reserv- ing the right to object, I am in full ac~ cord with the request of the majority leader, with the exception of the filing of the report by the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. I feel that when that report is filed there will be some questions asked. I trust that the Senator will not include the report in his unanimous-consent request. Mr. LUCAS. If the Senator is going to object, I shall withhold the request. Mr. WHERRY. Iam not objecting to the request with reference to insertions in the Recorp, or the filing of anything except that one item which I have men- tioned. I think the Senator will agree with me that if questions are to be asked there should be time allowed for that purpose. Mr. LUCAS. Of course, sooner or later the report of the Senator from Maryland [Mr. Typines], as chairman of the sub- committee of the Foreign Relations Com- mittee handling the resolution adopted by the Senate some time ago, will be filed. I thought perhaps it might be filed at this time, and then, later on, we can discuss it, and the Senator from Nebraska or any other Senator who de- sires to raise any question regarding it may doso. But I think the report should be filed at this time. Mr. WHERRY. I should be perfectly willing to agree to the insertion of any- thing in the Recorp, reserving the filing of the report to which I have referred. I think the Senator from Illinois might modify his request, so that when the report is filed, and any Senator wants to ask questions about it, his rights will be protected. Mr. TAFT. Mr, President, will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr. TAFT. I do not understand that the general request prevents objection to any individual item. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair would state in that connection that while it has been customary, during these more or less informal morning hours, that the
1950 majority leader or other Senators ask unanimous consent that Senators be per- mitted to file bills, reports, petitions, me- morials, or other matters, the Chair feels that the consent applies to all Senators and that each individual Senator does not have to ask again that he be per- mitted to file a petition or a memorial or introduce a bill. Notwithstanding that fact, through custom, Senators do ask unanimous consent. The Chair does not think it is necessary for each Senator to ask unanimous consent. It is a substi- tute for the morning hour when there has been an adjournment, and in that hour Senators do not have to ask unani- mous consent to file reports, petitions, or memorials or introduce bills. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the only reason for including the filing of reports was to avoid the necessity of having a regular morning hour. I hoped that the Senate might recess today until tomor- row as we have been doing. If there is objection, I shall be glad to withhold my request. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr. WHERRY. I should like to say again to my distinguished friend that there is no objection at all to Senators inserting anything they want to insert in the Recorp, without debate, but the point has been raised that it requires unanimous consent, as I am quite satis- fied it does, to file the report. So I ask the distinguished majority leader if he will not accept a modification of his re- quest, so as to provide that when it comes times to file the report opportunity will be afforded Senators to ask questions or to make a few observations concerning the report. That will happen at some time. I am certainly agreeable to the request of the Senator, with that single exception. If the Senator will modify his request so that questions can be asked and answered concerning the report, without asking for the regular order, the Senator from Nebraska will agree. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I am sat- isfied that there will be all kinds of ques- tions asked about the report. The Sena- tor from Illnois certainly has no inten- tion of preventing any Senator from making any statement he desires to make regarding the report. No Senator on this side of the aisle has any objection to that. The report must be filed today, tomor- row, or at some time. After the report is filed any questions can be raised which the minority desires to raise. It seems to me we are merely delaying the filing of the report. I shall withhold my request with ref- erence to the report. It can be filled during the morning hour, and the same procedure willoccur. It is not debatable during that time. After the morning hour we can take it up and debate it, and any Senator at that particular time will have an opportunity to discuss it pro and con. Mr, WHERRY. Mr. President, I may say to the distinguished majority leader, in all sincerity, that I agree en- tirely with that procedure. That will have to happen if unanimous consent is not now granted. There is no dispo- sition on this side of the aisle to delay CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE. the filing of the report, because it will be filed in the morning hour if unani- mous consent to file it at this time is not granted. I should be glad to have it filed now, if it be the understanding that motions may be made with reference to it and that it may be debated tomorrow. If the Senator from Ilinois would rather have it taken up tomorrow, that is agreeable to me. If he wants unanit- mous consent now, I shall be glad to agree, with the modification which I have suggested. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I do not think it makes much difference one way or the other. I shall ask the chairman of the subcommittee if he wishes to go along with the suggestion of the Senator from Nebraska and file the report during the morning hour. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, on yesterday, when I was requested to delay the filing of the report, I acceded to the wishes of some Senators on the other side of the aisle. They asked me to delay filing the report until they could look at it, and they said it would be all right to present it today. So I acceded to their request. They have all had an opportunity to look at it. The filing of the report now would not preclude any action taken on the resolutions to have the report printed. It would not pre- clude any action I can envisage that may be taken tomorrow or next day, without any prejudice at all to any posi- tion which any Senator may want to take in the future. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr. WHERRY. This is a unanimous- consent request. I ask the Senator from Illinois if he will not modify his request so that all Senators may be permitted to ask questions, participate in debate, raise any issue, or make any appropriate motion concerning the report, and that consideration of the matter shall not be terminated by a demand for the regular order prior to the disposition thereof. If the Senator would accept such a modifi- cation, it would be perfectly agreeable to proceed with the filing of the report. Mr. LUCAS. I do not agree to that. I withdraw that part of the unanimous- consent request dealing with the filing of reports. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request of the Senator from Illinois that Senators be permitted to present peitions and memorials, in- troduce bills and joint resolutions, make insertions in the Recorp, and submit routine matters for the Recorp, except reports of committees, without speeches and without debate? Mr. WHERRY. Reserving the right to object, and I am not going to object to the general suggestion, but I think the unanimous-consent request should in- elude provision that objection may be made by an individual Senator to any- thing which may come up during this so- called morning hour if it relates to the subject already mentioned. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair cannot anticipate what may arise on a report which has not been filed. Unan- imous consent is required to file a re- port, except during the morning hour, 10569 During the morning hour, when we reach the category of reports it can be filed but it cannot be debated during the morning hour. Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the Benator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, and I intend to ob- ject, I do not think a procedure by which we give unanimous consent in advance to anything being brought in should be granted. I never thought that would be the effect of what is being done this year. We never did it before. It seems to me that all we intended to do when we adopted this rather informal procedure of having a morning hour was simply to set aside tempcrarily the pending busi- ness so that unanimous-consent requests may be made. If the Senator is now ask- ing for a general unanimous-consent re- quest which has the effect of providing for a morning hour when there is no morning hour, I shall hereafter object to all such requests. The Chair has in- terpreted that kind of request to be something that I never thought it would be up to this moment. He has inter- preted it to mean that we must waive all right to object to any unanimous-consent request which may be made, or to the fil- ing of reports, introduction of bills, or any other procedure. If we want to get into that situation we ought to have a regular morning hour, when 2 hours are available to conduct the whole operation and consider all such matters. If the re- quest is interpreted as the Chair has in- terpreted it, I object. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair was interpreting the procedure in the light of the requests which are usually made. Usually a request is made that Senators be permitted to introduce bills and joint resolutions, make routine in- sertions in the Recorp, and so forth. Heretofore it has included the making of reports. If it has been the intention of the Senator making the request, and of the Senate, merely to give an oppor- tunity for a Senator to have unanimous consent to do these things, the Chair’s comment is subject to modification. However, the Chair had in mind in the comment he made that usually the re- quest is that Senators be permitted to do these things. It is not an important matter so far as the Chair is concerned. Mr. LUCAS. It seems to me that the able Senator from Ohio is taking a rather strange view of the pronouncement made by the Vice President with respect to what we are attempting to do. We are merely trying to serve the conven- jence of Senators who come to the floor of the Senate immediately following the convening of the Senate and desire to make requests to place matters in the Recorp, introduce bills, and so forth, more or less as is done during a regular morning hour. If we do not proceed in that way, and the Senate recesses from day to day, Members of the Senate will come in during the day and ask the Sen- ator who has the floor to yield for that purpose. The whole theory is to finish that part of the business of the Senate before we take up the consideration of the pending or unfinished business. It
10570 fs merely a matter of convenience for Senators. It is perfectly all right for the Senator from Ohio to object, but when he objects he is actually inconveniencing many Sen- ators who desire to present such mat- ters. Mr, TAFT. Ordinarily when we have pending business before the Senate a Senator is recognized to speak on the pending business, and in that case, if it is desired to present routine matters, all that is necessary to do is to ask that temporarily and on condition that the Senator making the request will not at- tempt to indulge in debate, he may be recognized for a limited purpose, namely, to ask unanimous consent. However, anyone ought to have a right to object at any time to any Senator's making such a unanimous-consent request to file a report or take any other action which could be objected to during the pendency of unfinished business. Mr. LUCAS. The unanimous-consent requests which have been made by the majority leader during the past year and during the present year have been requests to permit Members to intro- duce bills, present petitions and me- morials, and so forth. I repeat that it is difficult for me to understand how the able Senator from Ohio could object to that type of procedure. It has been in vogue ever since I have been a Member of the United States Senate. It has been done right along, and it has been done solely for the purpose of giving Sen- ators an opportunity to transact routine business, They can do that under a general request immediately after the first quorum call is had, following which they can go to committee hearings, or go to lunch, or anywhere else, if they do not desire to stay on the floor. How- ever, if this objection is made, one Sena- tor after another will come to the dis- tinguished chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, during the course of the debate of the pending bill, to ask him to yield for the purpose of making an insertion in the Recorp. It seems to me that the procedure we have followed is absolutely in order. I believe it is the proper procedure, and no one should object to it. If it is objected to, we shall have to go into a morning hour every morning. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr, WHERRY. This question has arisen time and time again. I know that many Senators have the same opinion of the right of an individual Senator to object to a general unanimous-consent request which is usually made at the be- ginning of the session after the Senate convenes following a recess. I hope the Benator from Ohio will agree with the theory, and I hope that he will withdraw his objection to @ general request for the making of insertions in the Rzcorp on the assurance of the minority leader that nothing will come up or pertain to the filing of the report in question. Mr. LUCAS. I have already with- drawn that request. No reports can be filed under that situation. Mr. WHERRY. That is correct. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Mr. LUCAS. I have tried to do every- thing I can with respect to this report. So far as I am concerned, nothing will be brought up regarding it. But, regard- less of so-called unanimous-consent re- quests, the moment the appropriation bill is under consideration, a Senator cannot be prevented from taking the floor, if he so desires, and speaking all afternoon on the report. Mr. WHERRY. I understand the parliamentary procedure outlined by the distinguished majority leader. I am simply trying to accomplish what he wants done. If the majority leader now understands the situation, which I am sure he does, no objection will be made to the general unanimous-consent re- quest for insertions in the Recorp. How- ever, I want to say that I hold to the opinion that an individual Senator has a right,and should have a right, to ob- ject, because he cannot know in ad- vance what is coming up under a general unanimous-consent request, With the assurance of the majority leader that the purpose of the unanimous-consent request is as outlined. I shall certainly not object to it. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair would like to clarify the situation. If it is the desire of the Senate that during this so-called informal morning hour Senators be allowed only to ask unani- mous consent to do what they want to do, the request ought to be put in that form. If it is the wish of the Senate, on a request by any Senator, that Sen- ators be permitted to introduce bills and make routine insertions in the Recorp, it ought to be so stated. If a Senator gets general consent of the Senate that Senators be permitted to file such mat- ters, the Chair still thinks that he was right in his interpretation that it is not necessary for each individual Senator to get consent again. If the Senate does not wish to go that far, but merely have Senators ask unanimous consent to in- sert matters in the Recorp, or introduce bills, the Chair would like to know it, so that he may follow the wishes of the Senate in that regard. Mr. LUCAS. Mr, President, I renew my request, with the filing of reports of committees excluded from the request. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? Mr. TAFT. There is usually included in the request the words “without debate and without speeches.” That does not necessarily do away with the morning hour, It seems to me that the request should be so framed that Senators who desire to act under the request should be required to obtain unanimous con- sent, or at least objection should be per- mitted, as would be the case at any other time. I would object to any general request which would have the effect, therefore, of suspending the ordinary practice of requiring Senators to ask unanimous consent during the consider- ation of the unfinished business. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I regret that the Senator from Ohio has objected. I withdraw the unanimous-consent re- quest, and from now on I presume we will have to have a morning hour every morning. JULY 19 I wish to make another unanimous- consent request, and I sincerely hope the Senator from Ohio will not object. I ask unanimous consent that the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. Maysanx] may be permitted to introduce a bill in- volving legislation suggested by the President of the United States this morn- ing in his message. Mr. TAFT. If the Senator will yield, let me say that I have not the faintest objection to the Senator from South Carolina introducing the bill. Of course he can obtain unanimous consent for himself, and any other Senator could do the same, so long as the Senator in charge of the unfinished business does not ob- ject to it as interfering with that busi- ness. I do not think the Senator needs to ask unanimous consent. Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from Ten- nessee [Mr. McKeuuar] has not made any objection to any unanimous-consent request I have made, so apparently my requests are not interfering with the business of the Senate, from his view- point, on this side of the aisle. They are only interfering with the business of the Senator from Ohio. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request of the Senator from Illinois that the Senator from South Carolina be permitted to intro- duce a bill? The Chair hears none. DEFENSE PRODUCTION ACT OF 1950 Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, as chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency I introduce, by request, a bill which, as stated by the distinguished Senator from Illinois, is in keeping with the President’s message. The bill (S. 3936) to establish a sys- tem of priorities and allocations for ma- terials and facilities, authorize the requi- sitioning thereof, provide financial as- sistance for expansion of productive capacity and supply, strengthen controls over credit, regulate speculation on com- modity exchanges, and by these measures facilitate the production of goods and services necessary for the national secur- ity, and for other purposes, introduced by Mr. MAyYBaNK, was read twice by its title. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair would like to suggest that the President’s message deals with a number of subjects. ‘The bill introduced by the Senator from South Carolina, which the Chair has ex- amined, deals with a portion of the Presi- dent's message having to do with con- trols, allocations, and various other mat- ters that come under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Banking and Cur- rency. If and when bills are introduced dealing with other portions of the Presi- dent’s message, they will be sent to the appropriate committees at the time of their introduction. The Chair refers the bill introduced by the Senator from South Carolina to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I greatly appreciate what the distinguished Vice President has just said. I also wish to call attention to the fact that in this bill there are certain references to the Commodity Exchange Act and to com- modity trading, and I am going to con= sult with the chairman of the Commite
10572 Section 401 (e) defines terms applicable to this title. Section 402, housing loans: This section authorizes the President to reduce maximum principal amounts, maximum maturities and the ratios of loan to value or cost of any type of housing loan in which any agency of the Government participates whenever he finds, after considering the effect on the bullding industry, on the national economy, and on defense production, that such action is necossary. A proviso requiring the reten- tion of a relative preference for veterans is included. Sec. 403, amendment of section 5A of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of June 27, 1950. “his section provides against the mak- ing or purchase of any loan by a member of a Federal home loan bank when its cash and obligations of the United States are not equal to such amount as prescribed by the Home Loan Bank Board within limits pre- scribed by this section. Subtitle B—Commodity Speculation Section 411: This section adds & new par- agraph 5 to section 4 (a) of the Commodity Exchange Act. Paragraph 5A of that sec- tion will provide that upon determination by the President that the nature or extent of speculative trading on boards of trade causes or threatens to cause sudden or un- reasonable fluctuations in price of any com- modity, he may prescribe regulations as to margin for purchase or sale of such com- modity for future delivery. Paragraph 5B of that section will provide that buying, selling, or accepting orders for purchase or sale of such commodity for fu- ture delivery is unlawful unless margin funds or securities are deposited and maintatned in compliance with rules and regulations promulgated under this paragraph. A floor broker acting solely in that capacity shall not be deemed a violator of this paragraph. Paragraph 5C of that section will provide that money, securities, or property depos- ited as margin shall be handled in compli- ance with section 4 (d) (2). Paragraph 5D of that section will provide that it is unlawful for any person to engage in soliciting or accepting orders for purchase or sale of commodity for future delivery on any board of trade, unless such person keeps written records of such transactions, which shall be kept for 8 years from date of each transaction, and open at all times to inspec- tion by any designated Government repre- sentative. Paragraph 5E of that section will provide that the term “commodity” includes agricul- tural commodity, product or byproduct thereof. Paragraph 56F of that section will provide that the provisions of section 21 of the Se- curities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made applicable for administering and enforcing this paragraph 5. Section 412: This section amends the Ag- ricultural Act of 1949 to authorize the Com- modity Credit Corporation, when the Presi- dent so directs, to sell commodities at the current support price, if not below the mar- ket price, for the purpose of stabilizing the market and preventing undue speculation and price fluctuations, Title V-—-General provisions Section 501, small-business participation: This section expresses the policy of encour- aging the participation of small firms in pro- grams authorized by this act. it provides for full information concerning the activi- ties of Government agencies and for appro- priate representation of amall business on industry advisory committees. It also pro- vides for such exemptions for small firms as are feasible and for special procedures de- signed to expedite their applications, re- quests, and appeals relative to such partici- pation, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Section 604, authority to issue rules and regulations. Section 508, delegations of authority and employment of personnel: Any power or au- thority conferred upon the President by this act may be delegated and redelegated to any officer or agency of the Government. Per- sonnel to carry out the purposes of this gct are authorized without regard to section 14 of the Federal Employees Ray Act of 1046 Section £04, authority to tesue rules and regulations Section 505, information and reports: Subsection (a) authorizes the President to require the keeping of records and the sub- mission of reports, inspection of books, prem- {ses, or property, and the attendance of wit- nesses by subpena, or otherwise, as may be necessary or appropriate to the enforcement or administration of this act. Section 505 (b) requires that any individ- ual may be required to testify or produce evi- dence despite a claim of privilege against self-incrimination but may not be prosecuted or penaliged, except for perjury, on account of any transaction covered by such testimony or evidence. This immunity does not in- sure for such a violator further priorities assistance or the allocation of materials. Section 505 (c) limits the production of a person's books or records to the place where he usually keeps them if he will furnish the President with a true copy of such books or records or stipulates as to the information contained therein. Fees and mileage for witnesses are the same as in the courts of the United States Section 505 (d) provides for nondisclosure of information deemed confidential by the President or for which confidential treat- ment has been requested by the person sup- plying the information. Criminal penalties are provided. Section 506, enforcement: The district courts of the United States and the courts of any territories or places subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are given Jurisdiction of violations of this act or regu- lations under it and of all civil actions or injunctions arising out of this act or any rule or regulation thereunder. Provisions for jurisdiction, process, and the subpena of witnesses are included. Section 507, exculpatory clause’ This sec- tion provides an exemption from damage suits resulting from compliance with rules, regulations, or orders issued pursuant to this act. Section 508, antitrust exemption’ This section provides that no act or omission to act requested by the President under this act shall be construed to be within the pro- hibition of the antitrust laws or the Federal Trade Commission Act. It provides that copies of such requests shall be furnished to the Attorney General and that the author- ity granted in this section shall be delegated only to a single official of the Government, who will be required to consult with the At- torney General concerning each request. Section 609, Administrative Procedure Act: Functions of this act are excluded from the operation of the Administrative Procedure Act except as to the requirements of section 3 thereof. Section 610, exemption from Classification Act of 1949: This section authorizes the Pres- ident to place positions and employ persons in civil-service grades 16, 17, and 18 without regard to numbers authorized by section 505 of the Classification Act of 1949. Section 511, appropriations: This section authorizes appropriations necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of the act and authorizes transfer of funds to any agency designated to assist in carrying out functions under the act. Section 512, termination: This section etates that this act and all authority con- ferred hereunder shall terminate June 30, 1952. JULY 19 The text of the bill (S, 3936) intro- duced by Mr. Maysank is as follows: A bill to establish a system of priorities and allocations for materials and facilities, au- thorize the requisitioning thereof, provide financial assistance for expansion of pro- ductive capacity and supply, strengthen controls over credit, regulate speculation on commodity exchanges, and by these measures facilitate the production of goods and services necessary for the national sé- curity, and for other purposes. Be it enacted, etc., That this act, divided into titles, may be cited as “The Defense Production Act of 1950” TABLE OF CONTENTS Title I Priorites and allocations. Title II Authority to requisition. Title III. Expansion of productive capace ity and supply. Title IV. Control of credit and commodity speculation. Title V. General provisions. DECLARATION OF POLICY Sec. 2. It is the policy of the United States to oppose acts of aggression and to promote peace by insuring respect for world law and the peaceful settlement of differences among nations. To that end this Government is pledged to support collective action through the United Nations and through regional ar- rangements for mutual defense in conforme ity with the Charter of the United Nations. The United States is determined to develop and maintain whatever military and eco- nomic strength is found to be necessary to carry out this purpose. Under present cir- cumstances, this task requires diversion of certain materials and facllities from civil- Jan use to military and related purposes It requires expansion of productive facilities beyond the levels needed to meet the civil- jan demand. In order that this diversion and expansion may proceed at once, and that the national economy may be main- tained with the maximum effectiveness and the least hardship, normal civilian produc- tion and purchases must be curtailed and redirected. It 1s the objective of this act to provide the President with authority to accomplish these adjustments in the operation of the economy. It is the intention of the Con- gress that the President shall use the powers conferred by this act to promote the na- tional defense, by meeting, promptly and ef- fectively, the requirements of military and other programs in support of our national security and foreign-policy objectives, and by preventing undue strains and disloca- tions upon wages, prices, and production or distribution of materials for civilian use. TITLE I—PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS Src. 101. The President 1s hereby author- ized (1) to require that performance under contracts or orders (other than contracts of empoyment) which he deems necessary or appropriate to promote the national de- fense shall take priority over performance under any other contract or order, and, for the purpose of assuring such priority, to re- quire acceptance and performance of such contracts or ordets by any person 1.e finds to be capable of their performance, and (2) to allocate materials and facilities in such manner, upon such conditions, and to such extent as he shall deem necessary or appro- priate to promote the national defense: Provided, That this authority shall not be used to ration at the retail level consumer goods for household or personal use. Src. 102. Any person who willfully per- forms any act prohibited, or willfully fails to perform any act required, by the provisions of this title or any rule, reguiation, or order thereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 1 ysar, or both.
Lyou TITLE U-——AUTHORITY TO REQUISITION Sze, 201. Whenever the President deter- mines (1) that the use of any equipment, supplies, or component parts thereof, or ma- terials or facilities necessary for the manu- facture, servicing, or operation of such equipment, supplies, or component parts, is needed for the national defense, and (2) that such need is immediate and impending and such as will not admit of delay or resort to any other source of supply, he is authorized to requisition such property or the use there- of for the defense of the United States upon the payment of just compensation for such property or the use thereof to be determincd as hereinafter provided. The President shall determine the amount of the compen- sation to be paid for any property or the use thereof requisitioned pursuant to this title but each such determination shall be made as of the time it is requisitioned in accord- ance with the provision for just compensa- tion in the fifth amendment to the Consti- tution of the United States. If the person entitled to receive the amount so determined by the President as just compensation is unwilling to accept the same as full and com- plete compensation for such property or the use thereof he shall be paid 50 percent of such amount and shall be entitled to recover from the United States, in an action brought in the Court of Claims or, where the amount involved does not exceed $10,000, in any dis- trict court of the United States within 3 years after the date of the President's award, an additional amount which, when added to the amount so paid to him, shall be Just compensation, TITLE IWI—EXPANSION OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND SUPPLY SEc. 301. (a) In order to expedite produc- tion and deliveries under Government con- tracts, the President may authorize, subject to such regulations as he may prescribe, the Department of the Army, the Depart- ment of the Navy, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Commerce, and such other agencies of the United States en- gaged in procurement as he may designate (hereinafter referred to as “guaranteeing agencies’), without regard to provisions of law relating to the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts, to guarantee in whole or in part any public or private financing institution (including any Federal Reserve bank), by commitment to purchase, agreement to share losses, or otherwise, against loss of principal or in- terest on any loan, discount or advance, or on any commitment in connection there- with, which may be made by such financing institution for the purpose of financing any contractor, subcontractor, or other person in connection with the performance, or in con- nection with or in contemplation of the ter- mination, of any contract or other operation deemed by the guaranteeing agency to be re- lated to efforts or undertakings on the part of the United States or any agency thereof which are designed to meet the necessities of the national defense. (b) Any Federal agency or any Federal Reserve bank when designated by the Presi- dent, is hereby authorized to act, on behalf of any guaranteeing agency, as fiscal agent of the United States in the making of such contracts of guarantee and in otherwise carrying out the purposes of this section. All such funds as may be necessary to en- able any such fiscal agent to carry out any guarantee made by it on behalf of any guar. anteeing agency shall be supplied and dis- bursed by or under authority from such guaranteeing agency. No such fiscal agent shall have any responsibility or accounta- bility except as agent in taking any action pursuant to or under authority of the pro- visions of this section. Hach such fiscal agent shail be reimbursed by each guaran- teeing agency for all expenses and losses XCVI-—--666 CUNGHKHSSLIUNAL KHEUVUKD—SHNA'TE incurred by such fiscal agent in acting as agent on behalf of such guarantoeing agency, including among such expenses, not- withstanding any other provision of law, rt- torneys’ fees, and expenses of litigation. (c) All actions and operations of such fiecal agents, under authority of or pursuant to this section shall be subject to the super- vision of the President and to such regula- tions as he may prescribe; and the President is authorized to prescribe, either specifically or by maximum limits or otherwise, rates of interest, guarantee and commitment fees, and other charges which may be made in connection with loans, discounts, advances, or commitments guarantced by the guar- anteeing agencies through such fiscal agents, and to prescribe regulations governing the forms and procedures (which shall be unt- form to the extent practicable) to be utilized in connection with such guaranties. (d) Each guaranteeing agency is hereby authorized to use for the purposes of this section any funds which have heretofore been appropriated or allocated or which hereafter may be appropriated or allocated to it, or which sre or may become available to it, for such purposes or for the purpose of meeting the necessities of the national defense, Sec. 302. To assist in carrying out the objectives of this act, the President may make provision for loans (including partici- pations in, or guaranties of, lonns) to private business enterprises for the expansion of capacity, the development of technological processes, or the production of essential ma- terials. Such loans may be made without regard to the limitations of existing law and on such terms and conditions as the Presl- dent deems necessary, except that financial assistance may be extended only to the ex- tent that it 1s not otherwise available on reasonable terms. Src. 303. (a) To assist in carrying out the objectives of this act, the President may make provision for purchases of or commitments to purchase metals, minerals and other raw materials, tncluding Mquid fuels, for Gov- ernment use or for resale. (b) Purchases and commitments to pur- chase and sales undor subsection (a) may be made without regard to the limitations of existing law, for such quantities, and on such terms and conditions, including ad- vance payments, and for such perlods, as the President deems necessary, except that pur- chases or commitments to purchase involy- ing higher than currently prevailing market prices or anticipated loss on resale shall not be made unless it is determined that supply of the materials could not be effectively in- creased at lower prices or on terms more favorable to the Government, or that such purchases are necessary to assure the avall- apiuty to the United States of overseas sup- plies. (c) The procurement power granted to the President by this section shall include the power to transport and store, and have proc- essed and refined any materials procured under this section, Szc, 304. (a) For the purposes of sections 802 and 303, the President is hereby author- ized to utilize the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and such other departments, agencies, officials or corporations of the Gov- ernment as he may deem appropriate, or to create new corporations, (b) Any corporation created under this section: (1) shall have the power to sue and be sued; to acquire, hold, and dispose of prop- erty; to use its revenues; to determine the character of and necessity for its obligations and expenditures and the manner in which they shall be incurred, allowed, paid, and accounted for subject to laws specifically applicable to Government corporations, and to exercise such other powers as may be LUo15 necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of such corporation; (2) shall have its powers set out in a charter, which shall be published in the Federal Register, and all amendments to which shall be similarly published; (8) shall not have succession beyond June 80, 1952, except for purposes of liquidation, unless its life is extended beyond such date pursuant to the act of Congress; and (4) shall be subject to the Government Corporation Contro) Act to the same extent as wholly owned Government corporations listed in section 101 of said act. (c) Any corporation established or uti- liged pursuant to this section is authorized to borrow from the Treasury of the United States, for any of the purposes of the cor- poration, such sums of moncy as may be necessary to carry out its functions under this title: Provided, That the total amount borrowed under the provisions of this sec- tion by all such corporations shall not ex- ceed an aggregate of $2,000,000,000 outstand- ing at any one time. For the purpose of borrowing as authorized by this paragraph, any corporation established pursuant to this section may issue to the Secretary of the Treasury its notes, debentures, bonds, or other obligntions to be redeemable at the option of the corporation before maturity in such manner as may be stipulated in such obligations. Such obligations may mature subsequent to the period of succession of the corporation. Such obligation shall bear in- terest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States as of the last day of the month preceding the issuance of the obligations of the cor- poration. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase any obligations of any such corporation to be issued hereunder and for such purpose the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to use as a public-debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, are extended to include any purchases of the obligations of any corpora- tion hereunder. TITLE IV-——-CONTROL OF CREDIT Subtitle A—Consumer and real-estate credtt Sec. 401. (a) To assist in carrying out the purposes of this act, the President is author ized from time to time to prescribe regula- tions with respect to such kind or kinds of consumer and real-estate credit as, in his judgment, it is necessary to regulate in order to prevent or reduce excessive or untimely use of or fluctuations in such credit. Such regulations may, among other things, pre- scribe maximum loan or credit values, mini- mum down payments in cash or property, trade-in or exchange values, maximum ma- turities, maximum amounts of credit, rules regarding the amount, form, and time of various payments, rules against any credit in specified circumstances, rules regarding consolidations, renewals, revisions, transfers, or assignments of credit, and rules regard- ing other similar or related matters. Such regulations may classify persons and trans- actions and may apply different require- ments thereto, and may include such ad- ministrative provisions as in the judgment of the President are reasonably necessary in order to effectuate the purposes of this sub- title or to prevent evasions thereof, In prescribing and suspending such regu- lations, including changes from time to time to take account of changing conditions, the President shall consider among other factors, (1) the level and trend of consumer and real-estate credit and the various kinds thereof, (2) the effect of the use of such credit upon (i) purchasing power and (1!)
10574 demand for real property and improvements thereon and for other goods and services, and (3) the need in the national economy for the maintenance of sound credit conditions. (b) No person shall extend or maintain any credit, or renew, revise, consolidate, re- finance, purchase, sell, discount, or lend or borrow on, any obligation arising out of any credit, or arrange for any of the foregoing, in contravention of any regulation prescribed by the President pursuant to this section. Any person who extends or maintains any credit, or renews, revises, consolidates, re- finances, purchases, sells, discounts, or lends or borrows on, any obligation arising out of any credit, or arranges for any of the fore- going, shall make, keep, and preserve for such periods, such accounts, correspondence, memoranda, papers, books, and other rec- ords, and make such reports, under oath or otherwise, as the President may by regulation require as necessary or appropriate in order to effectuate the purposes of this subtitle; and such accounts, correspondence, memo- randa, papers, books, and other records shall be subject at any time or from time to time to such reasonable periodic, special, or other examinations by examiners or other repre- sentatives of the President as the President may deem necessary or appropriate. The re- quirements of this section apply whether a person is acting as principal, agent, broker, vendor, or otherwise. (c) Any person who willfully violates any provision of this subtitle or any regulation or order thereunder, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than @5,000, or im- prisoned not more than 1 year, or both. (ad) To assist in carrying out the purposes of this subtitle, the President by regulation may require transactions or persons or classes thereof subject to this subtitle to be regis- tered or licensed; and, after notice and op- portunity for hearing, the President by order may suspend any such registration or license for violation of this subtitle or any regulation prescribed by the President pursuant to this subtitie. The provisions of section 25 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, shall apply in the case of any such order of the President in the same manner that such provisions apply in the case of orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission under that act. In carrying out this sub- title, the President may act through and may utilize the services of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve banks and any other agencies, Fed- eral or State, which are available and appro- priate. (e) For the purposes of this subtitle, un- less the context otherwise requires, the fol- lowing terms shall have the following mean- ings, but the President may tn his regu- lations further define such terms and, in addition, may define technical, trade, and accounting terms, insofar as any such defi- nitions are not inconsistent with the pro- visions of this subtitle: (1) “Consumer credit” means credit which the obligor undertakes to pay in two or more payments, or any other credit: Provid- ed, That it shall not include (1) any credit to finance or refinance the construction or purchase of an entire residential or non- residential bullding, (11) any credit extend- ed to a business enterprise solely to finance the purchase of goods for resale, or (ill) any other credit extended to a business or agri- cultural enterprise for any business or ag- ricultural purpose unless the credit is se- cured by or is for the purpose of purchas- ing or carrying any durable or semidurable goods which are used or usable for personal, family, or household purposes, or any ac- cessory insurance service connected with any such good or any interest therein. (2) “Real estate credit” means credit se~ oured, either wholly or partly, by real prop- erty (including leasehold and other inter- este therein); credit for the purpose of pur- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE chasing or carrying such p or con- structing buildings or otherwise improving auch property; and credit involving a right to acquire or use such property. (8) “Oredit” means any loan, advance, or discount; any conditional sale contract; any contract to sell or sale or contract of sale, of property or services, either for present or subsequent delivery, under which part or all of the price ts payable subsequent to the making of such sale or contract; any rental- purchase contract, or any contract for the baillment, leasing or other use of property under which the batiilee, lessee, or user has the option of becoming the owner thereof, obli- gates himself to pay as compensation a sum substantially equivalent to or in excess of the value thereof, or has the right to have all or part of the payments required by such contract applied to the purchase price of such property or similar property; any op- tion, demand, Hen, pledge or similar claim against, or for the delivery of property or money; any purchase, discount, or other acquisition of, or any credit under the secu- rity of, any obligation or claim arising out of any o£ the foregoing; and any transaction or series of transactions having a similar purpose or effect. (4) “Person,” in addition to the definition given it by section 502 (a) of this act, in- cludes the United States, any State or sub- division thereof, and any agency or instru- mentality of one or more such authorities, except that the criminal penalties of this subtitle shall not be applicable to the United States, any State, or other governmental agency or instrumentality. Ssc. 402. To assist in carrying out the ob- Jectives of this act, the President may, at any time or times, notwithstanding any other provision of law, reduce, for such period as he shall specify, the maximum authorized principal amounts, ratios of loan to value or cost, or maximum maturities of any type or types of loans on real estate which there- after may be made, insured, or guaranteed by any department, independent establish- ment, or agency in the executive branch of the United States, or by any wholly owned Government corporation or by any mixed- ownership Government corporation as de- fined in the Government Corporation Con- trol Act, as amended, or reduce or suspend any such authorized loan program, upon a determination, after taking into considera- tion the effect thereof upon conditions in the building industry and upon the na- tional economy and the needs for increased defense production, that such action is nec- essary in the public interest: Provided, That in the exercise of these powers, the Presi- dent shall give consideration to the preser- vation of such relative credit preferences as are accorded to veterans of World War II under existing law. Sxc. 403. The first sentence of section 5A of the Federal! Home Loan Bank Act, as amended by section 1 of the act of June 27, 1960 (Public Law 676, 81st Cong.), 1s amend- ed to read as follows: “No member of a Fed- eral home Joan bank shal! make or purchase any loan at any time when its cash and ob- ligations of the United States are not equal to such amount as the Home Loan Bank Board shall by regulations prescribed: Prov- vided, That such amount shall not be less than 4 percent or more than 20 percent of the obligation of the member or withdrawal e@coounte or, in the case of any member in- surance company, such other base as the Board may determine to be comparable.”; and the last sentence of sald section 6A is amended to read as follows: “This section shall be effective upon the enactment of the Defense Production Act of 1960.” Subtitle B—Commodity speculation Src, 411. The Commodity Exchange Act, as (42 Stat. 998; 49 Stat. 1491; 53 Stat. 5; 54 Stat. 1059), is further amended by JULY 19 inserting at the end of section ¢a the fol- lowing: “(5) (A) Whenever the President deter- mines that the nature or extent of apecula- tive trading on boards of trade causes or threatens to cause sudden or unreasonable fluctuations or unwarranted changes in the price of any commodity, he may preecribe rules and regulations governing the margin to be required with respect to the purchase or sale of any such commodity for future delivery, or the maintenance cf a position resulting from such purchase or sale, on or subject to the rules of any board of trade, whether or not designated as a contract market under section 6 of this act. “(B) It shall be unlawful for any person to buy or sell, or accept orders for the pur- chase or sale of any such commodity for future delivery, subject to the rules of any board of trade, or maintain or carry a posi- tion resulting from such purchase or sale, unless margin funds or securities are depos- ited and maintained in compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated under this paragraph (5). No floor broker shal] be deemed to have violated this paragraph (5) with respect to any transaction in connec- tion with which he has acted solely in the capacity of floor broker. “(C) All money, securities, or property deposited as margin shall be handled by the person receiving such margin in compliance with the requirements of section 4d (2), re- gardless of whether such person is a futures commission merchant as defined tn this act and, for the purpose of this provision, the term ‘contract market,’ as used in section 4d (2), shall be deemed to mean board of trade. “(D) It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in soliciting or accepting orders for the purchase or gale of any commodity for future delivery on any board of trade, whether or not such board of trade is desig- nated as a contract market, unless such per- son shall keep a record in writing showing the date, the parties to such contracts and their addresses, the commodity covered and its price, the terms of delivery, and the amount and kind of margin deposited. Such record shall be kept for a period of 8 years from the date of the transaction and shall at all times be open to the inspection of any representative of any agency of the United States designated for the purpose by the President. “(E) For the purposes of subparagraph (5) the term ‘commodity’ shal] mean, in addl- tion to those commodities specifically men- tioned in section 2 (8) of this act, any oth- er agricultural or forest product or by- product, “(F) For the efficient execution of the provisions of this paragraph (5), the pro- visions of section 21 of the Securities Ex- change Act of 1084 (48 Stat. 899), as amend- ed, are made appilcable to the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the President in ad- ministering and enforcing the provisions of this paragraph (5) and to any person sub- ject thereto. “(G) Section 4a and 4i of the act are ex- tended and made applicable to any com- modity as defined in (E) above, and for the purposes of this subparagraph (5) the term ‘contract market’ as used in sections 4a and 4i shall be deemed to mean Board of Trade.” Bac. 412. Section 407 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (Public Law 489, 8ist Cong.) is hereby amended by adding the following sen- tence at the end thereof: “Notwithstanding any other provision of thia section, when- ever the President so directs, sales of any commodity owned or controlled by the Com- modity Credit Corporation may be made at the current support price for such commod- ity, when such support price is not below the market price, for the purpose of stabi- lizing the market, tncluding the discourage- ment and prevention of undue speculation,
1950 fluctuation, and enhancement in price, and for the purpose of meeting unusual de- mand.” TITLE Y—GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec. 601. (a) It is the sense of the Con- gress that small business enterprises be en- couraged to make the greatest possible con- tribution toward achieving the objectives of this act. (») In order to carry out this policy— (1) the President shall provide small bus- iness enterprises with full information con- cerning the provisions of this act relating to, or of benefit to, such enterprises and con- cerning the activities of the various depart- ments and agencies under this act; (11) In the formation of any business ad- visory committees under this act, considera- tion shall be given to providing fair repre- sentation for small, medium, and large bus- iness enterprises, for different geographical areas, for trade association members and nonmembers, and for different segments of the industry; (iii) in administering this act, such ex- emptions shall be provided for small-busi- ness enterprises as may be feasible without impeding the accomplishment of the objec- tives of this act; and (iv) in administering this act, special provision shall be made for the expeditious handling of all requests, applications, or ap- peals from small-business enterprises. Sxc. 502. As used in this act: (a) The word “person” shall include indl- viduals, firms, corporations, associations, partnerships, and any organized groups of persons whether or not incorporated. (b) The word “materials” shall include raw materials, articles, commodities, prod- ucts, supplies, components, technical infor- mation, and processes. Sec. 503. The President may delegate any power or authority conferred upon him by this act to any officer or agency of the Gov- ernment and may authorize such redelega- tions by that officer or agency as the Presi- dent may deem appropriate. Any officer or agency may employ civilian personnel for duty in the United States, including the Dis- trict of Columbia, or elsewhere, without re- gard to section 14 of the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 219), as the Presi- dent deems necessary to carry out the provi- sions of this act. Sec. 504. The President may make such rules, regulations, and orders as he deems necessary or appropriate to carry out the pro- visions of this act. Any regulation or order under this act may contain such classifica- tions and differentiations and may provide for such adjustments and reasonable excep- tions as in the judgment of the President gre necessary or proper in order to effectuate the purposes of this act. Src, 505. (a) The President shall be en- titled, by regulation, subpena, or otherwise, to obtain such information from, require such reports and the keeping of such rec- ords by, make such inspection of the books, records, and other writings, premises or prop- erty of, and take the sworn testimony of, any person as may be necessary or appropriate, in his discretion, to the enforcement or the ad- ministration of this act and the regulations or orders issued thereunder. The President shall issue regulations insuring that the au- thority of this subsection will be utilized only after the scope and purpose of the investiga- tion, inspection, or inquiry to be made have been defined by competent authority. (b) No person shall be excused from at- tending and testifying or from producing books, papers, documents, and other evi- dence in obedience to a subpena before any grand jury or in any court proceeding based upon or growing out of any alleged violation of this act on the ground that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, re- quired of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to penalty or forfeiture; but CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE no naturel person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture, for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which he is so compelled, after having claimed his privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or produce evi- dence, documentary or otherwise, except that such natural person so testifying shall not be exempt from prosecution and punishment for perjury committed in so testifying: Pro- vided, That the immunity granted herein from prosecution and punishment and from any penalty or forfeiture shall not be con- strued to vest in any individual any right to priorities assistance, to the allocation of ma- terials, or to any other benefit which is with- in the power of the President to grant under any provision of this act. (c) The production of a person's books, records, or other documentary evidence shall not be required at any place other than the place where such person usually keeps them, if, prior to the return date specified in the regulations, subpena, or other document is- sued with respect thereto, such person fur- nishes the President with a true copy of such books, records, or other documentary evidence (certified by such person under oath to be a true and correct copy) or enters into a stipulation with the President as to the information contained in such books, rec- ords, or other documentary evidence. Wit- nesses shall be paid the same fees and mile- age that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States. (d) Information obtained under this sec- tion which the President deems confidential or With reference to which a request for confidential treatment is made by the per- son furnishing such information shall not be published or disclosed unless the Presi- dent determines that the withholding there- of is contrary to the interest of the national defense, and any person willfully violating this provision shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both. Sec. 606. The district courts of the United States and the United States courts of any Territory or other place subject to the juris- diction of the United States shall have juris- diction of violations of this act or any rule, regulation, order, or subpena thereunder, and of all civil actions under this act to enforce any liability or duty created by, or to enjoin any violation of, this act or any rule, regulation, order, or subpena there- under. Any criminal proceeding on account of any such violation may be brought in any district in which any act, failure to act, or transaction constituting the violation occurred. Any such civil action may be brought in any such district or in the district in which the defendant resides or transacts business. Process in such cases, criminal or civil, may be served in any district wherein the defendant resides or transacts business or wherever the defendant may be found; the subpena for witnesses who are required to attend a court in any district in such case may run into any other district. The ter- mination of the authority granted in any title or section of this act, or of any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, shall not operate to defeat any suit, action, or prosecution, whether theretofore or there- after commenced, with respect to any right, lability or offense incurred or committed prior to the termination date of such title or of such rule, regulation, or order. No costs shall be assessed against the Untted States in any proceeding under this act. Src. 607. No person shall be held lable for damages or penalties for any act or failure to act resulting directly or indirectly from his compliance with a rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to title II of this act, notwithstanding that any such rule, regulation, or order shall thereafter be de- clared by judicial or other competent au- thority to be invalid. No person shall dis- 10575 criminate against orders or contracts to which priority is assigned or for which ma- terials or facilities are allocated under title Il of this act or under any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, by charging higher prices or by tmposing different terms and conditions for such orders or contracts than for other generally comparable orders or contracts, or in any other manner. Src. 608. (a) No act or omission to act re. quested by the President, and found by him to be in the public interest as contributing to the national defense, shall be construed to be within the prohibitions of the antitrust laws or the Federal Trade Commission Act of the United States. A copy of each such request intended to be within the coverage of this section, and any modification or with~ drawal thereof, shall be furnished to the Attorney General when made, and it shall be published in the Federal Register unless publication thereof would, in the opinion of the President, endanger the national security. (b) The authority granted in subsection (a) shall not be delegated except to a single official of the Government and then only upon the condition that such official consult with the Attorney General not less than 10 days before making any request or finding thereunder. (c) Upon withdrawal of any request or finding made hereunder the provisions of this section shall not apply to any subse- quent act or omission to act by reason of such finding or request. Sec. 508. The functions exercised under this act shall be excluded from the oper- ation of the Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 237) except as to the requirements of section 3 thereof. Src. 510. The President, to the extent he deems !{t necessary and appropriate in order to carry out the provisions of this act, is authorized to place positions and employ persons in grades 16, 17 and 18 of the gen- eral schedule established by the Classificae tion Act of 1949, and such positions shall be additional to the number authorized by section 505 of that act. Src. 611. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec- essary and appropriate for the carrying out of the provisions and purposes of this act by the President and such agencies as he may designate or create. Funds made avail- able for the purposes of this act may be allocated or transferred for any of the pur- poses of this act, with the approval of the Bureau of the Budget, to any agency desig- nated to assist in carrying out this act. Funds so allocated or transferred shall re- main available for such period as may be specified in the acts making such funds avail- able. Sec. 512. This act and all authority con- ferred hereunder shall terminate June 30, 1952, or until such earlier time as the Con- gress by concurrent resolution or the Presi- dent may designate. The statement prepared by Mr. May- BANK is as follows: I have introduced, by request, a bill en- titled ‘The Defense Production Act of 1950.” This ig the administration’s draft of pro- posed legislation which is intended to carry out the requests and recommendations con- tained in the President's message to the Congress, Hearings on the proposed legislation will be held by the Banking and Currency Com- mittee beginning at 10:30 a. m. on Monday, July 24, The first witness will be Hon. Btuart W. Symington, Chairman of the Na- tional Security Resources Board. The Chairman's testimony will be followed on Tuesday by that of General Bradley and Sec- retary of Commerce Charles Sawyer. It 1s my desire, as chairman of the com- mittee which will hold the hearings, to bring
10576 to ight such information as fs available in order that the American people may be suf- ficiently informed as to the need for what- ever legisiation may be finally enacted. As an individual Senator, it will not be my purpose to approve of any broad and un- restricted authority which might return our people to any system of rationing and price controls until such a move is absolutely nec- essary beyond any shadow of a doubt. It is my hope that the manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers of the Nation will not take advantage of the present crisis through unecrupulous and unwarranted in- creases in their prices. I also urge the American people to pro- ceed in an intelligent manner tn their datly purchases of commodities and manufactured products. Such scare buying and hoarding of these items as are being reported to me dally will leave the Congress no choice other than to impose compulsory rationing and price controls. The proposed bill has been examined most carefully with regard to committee jurisdic- tion. It has been clearly determined that, with the exception of the amendments to the Commodity Credit Act and the Agricul- ture Adjustment Act, the proposed legisla- tion 1s clearly within the jurisdiction of the Banking and Currency Committee. I have announced that I shall confer with the Sen- ate Agriculture Committee before any final action is taken on the proposals which fall within the scope of that committee's Juris- diction, These actions have been taken, and arrangements for hearings have been discussed with, and fully concurred in, by Senator Tosry, the ranking minority member of the Banking and Currency Committee. The hearings before the Banking and Cur- rency Committee will be complete. I sin- cerely trust that the American people will carefully follow these hearings in order that they may be wholly informed of such needs as those which we presently face in this national crisis. During this time of suspense and expecta- tion I am confident that our people will give their fullest support and cooperation to the boys who are fighting and dying in their all- out effort to preserve the liberties of free people. The efforts of our fighting men can be no better than the support they get from behind the lines. Here in this coun- try we are far behind the lines today. Were it not for the skill and bravery of our service- men and a mounting flow of equipment and matériel from our production lines, our main streets might well be the front lines of tomorrow. The President's message which was deliv- ered to the Congress today gave full notice of the gravity of the present crisis. It was an excellent report to the Congress, and I commend his review which he will transmit to the American people in person tonight. The primary obligation of the American elvilian is to contribute to the welfare of the American soldier. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I wish to state that I had called a meet- ing of the members of the Committee on Banking and Currency for Thursday and Friday to hear Secretary Sawyer and others discuss the current price and production situation. Inasmuch, how- ever, as the bill I have just introduced will be before the committee and is of paramount interest, I have decided, after conferring with the executive branch of the Government, to begin the hearing on the production bill of 1950 on Mon- day, July 24, with the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board, W. Stuart Symington, General Bradley, and Secretary Sawyer present. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE EXTENSION OF ENLISTMENTS IN THE ARMED FORCES Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will the Senator from Arizona yield? The VICE PRESIDENT. If the Sen- ator from Maryland wishes to be recog- nized, the Chair will recognize him. Mr. TYDINGS. I thought the Sen- ator from Arizona had the floor. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair did not so understand. The Chair has not recognized the Senator from Arizona. Mr. TYDINGS. I ask for recognition. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair will recognize the Senator from Arizona, but at this time recognizes the Senator from Maryland. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that I may introduce a bill to authorize the President to ex- tend enlistments in the Armed Forces of the United States. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? The Chair hears none, and the bill will be received and appropriately referred. The bill (S. 3937) to authorize the President to extend enlistments in the Armed Forces of the United States, in- troduced by Mr. Typinas, was read twice by its title and referred to the Commit- tee on Armed Services. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had passed the bill (8. 1027) for the relief of the Merit Co. with an amendment, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. The message also announced that the House had agreed to the concurrent res- olution (S. Con. Res. 95) favoring the suspension of deportation of certain aliens, with amendments, in which it re- quested the concurrence of the Senate. The message further announced that the House had passed the following bills and joint resolution, in which it re- quested the concurrence of the Senate: H.R, 6223. An act to record the lawful ad- mission to the United States for permanent residence of James Ermin!}; H.R. 6386. An act for the relief of Amos Chen, a native of Jamaica, British West Indies; H.R. 6697. An act authorizing the issuance of a patent in fee to Howard H. Moran; H.R. 6746. An act for the relief of Helena Jange Chinn; H.R. 6882. An act for the relief of Choko Nishida; H.R. 6958. An act authorizing the Secre- tary of the Interlor to issue a patent in fee to Francis Lee Edwards; H.R.7017. An act authorizing the Secre- tary of the Interlor to issue a patent in fee to Edgar 8. Bigman; H.R. 7870. An act for the rellef of Kiyoko 8. Barr and Harue Barr; H.R. 7563. An act for the relief of Dr, Nicola Di Palma; H.R. 70919. An act for the relief of Mra, Yukiko Yoshi! French and her son; H.R. 8093. An act for the relief of Regolo Gagliacco and his wife, Gina; H.R. 8883. An act for the relief of Mrs. Gerald Goodwin; H.R. 8478. An act for the relfef of Kimiko Tomita; H.R. 8558. An act for the relief of Kimiko Yamaguchi; JuLy 19 H.R. 8684. An act for the relief of Mrs. Yumiko Kawai Misanin and her daughter, Maria Mar! Misanin; H.R. 8740. An act for the relief of Erika Kuhn; H.R. 8742. An act for the relief of Mrs. Tokiko Amano Roloson; H. R. 8780. An act for the relief of Leila M. odd; H.R. 8826. An act for the relief of Yaeko Nakajima; H.R, 8918. An act for the relief of Mary Rynik Baran; H.R. 8973. An act for the relief of Archi- bald Walter Camphell Seymour; and H. J. Res. 487, Joint resolution to confirm title in fee simple in Joshua Britton to cer- tain lands in Jefferson County, Ml. LAWS ENACTED BY LEGISLATURE OF PUERTO RICO The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from the Secretary of the Interior. transmitting, pursuant to law, a copy of the laws enacted by the second special session, second regular session, and fourth special session of the Seven- teenth Legislature of Puerto Rico, and reorganization plans, which, with the ac- companying volume, was referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular Af- fairs. PETITION The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of a petition, signed by John F. Kelleher, and sundry other members of the postal transportation service employed in the Boston, Mass., terminal, praying for the enactment of House bill 87, relating to the promotions of veterans of World War II in the field service of the Post Office Department, which was ordered to lie on the table. STATEHOOD FOR ALASKA AND HAWAII— RESOLUTION OF MERRILL (WIS.) CHAM~ BER OF COMMERCE Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I present for appropriate reference and ask unani- mous consent to have printed in the Recorp the text of a resolution which I have received from Joe P. Mulvihill, executive secretary of the Merrill, Wis., Chamber of Commerce, on the subject of the statehood bills for Hawaii and Alaska. There being no objection, the resolu- tion was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: THE MERRILL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Merrill, Wis., July 11, 1950. Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. Dear SENATOR WILEY: Whereas certain world conditions have fo- cused attention on the boundaries of our country; and Whereas situations have arisen that pro- yoke immediate concern: Be it Resolved, That the Merrill Chamber of Commerce hereby expresses a unified con- census of approval of the passage of the House-approved Alaskan and Hawaiian statehood measure; be it further Resolved, That you have the continued confidence of our organization. Jor P. MULVIHILL, Executive Secretary. STATEHOOD FOR HAWAII—RESOLUTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF HAWAII OF 1950, AND EDITORIAL Mr. O’YMAHONEY. Mr. President, I have received from the Secretary of the
1950 Constitutional Convention of the Terri- tory of Hawaii a resolution adopted by that convention urging the enactment of H. R. 49, the statehood bill. I ask unani- mous consent that the resolution be ap- propriately referred, and printed in the body of the Recorp together with an editorial from the Washington Post of this morning entitled “Statehood Now.” There being no objection, the resolu- tion was ordered to lie on the table, and, with the editorial, to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: The resolution is as follows: Wherens H. R. 49, of the Eighty-first Con- gross of the United States, entitled “An act to ennble the people of Hawaii to form a constitution and State government and to b> admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States,” has passed the House of Representatives; and Whereas said bill has been favorably re- ported by the Senate Committee on Interlor and Insular Affairs and is now on the Senate Calendar; and Whereas favorable action by the House and by the Senate committee demonstrates that both of these bodies deem that Hawall has met the requisite qualifications for state- hood; and Whereas the people of Hawai! have shown by every possible means their ardent desire to become a State, and to help achieve that goal have elected this constitutional conven- tion; and Whereas this constitutional convention has completed its work of drafting a constitu- tion for the State of Hawaii, meeting the appropriate requirements of H. R. 49: Now, therefore, be it Resolved by the Constitutional Convention of Hawati of 1950, That the Senate of the United States be urgently requested to take up the question of statehood for Hawaii be- fore adjournment of the present session of Congress and to act favorably on H. R. 49; and be it further Resolved, That certified copies of this reso- lution be sent to the President of the United States; the President of the Senate; Senator Scorr W, Lucas, majority leader of the Sen- ate; Senator JosepH C. O’Manoney, chair- man of the Committee on Interior and In- sular Aaffirs; Senator Ropert A. Tart; Sen- ator Kennety 8, WHERry, minority leader of the Senate; the Secretary of the Interior; and to Delegate JoszpH R. FARRINGTON, The editorial is as follows: {From the Washington (D. C.) Post of July 19, 1950] SratEHoop Now If there was ever a time when the United States needed to set an example to the world of its treatment of dependent areas under its control, this is it. The Korean conflict, far from lessening the importance of statehood for Hawaii and Alaska, actually increases it. ‘This voluntary step would have great psychological effect in anticolo- nial countries such as India and Indonesia. And, as Defense Secretary Johnson has stated, strong elected local governments in Hawaii and Alaska would be important in the case of attack. “Statehood for Alaska and Hawaii,” he writes, “would undoubt- edly give a considerable added measure of strength to the over-all defense of both areas in event of an emergency.” Fortunately the statehood bills, both of which have passed the House, are high on the administration's agenda and there is good prospect that they will be brought up in the Senate shortly. For this Alaska and Hawali have cause to be grateful to Sen- ator O'MaHongey and the Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee which he heads. The committee has issued thorough and convincing reports on both bills which CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE effectively dispose of the arguments against statehood, Both Territories, the reports show, are steeped in the treditions of Amer- icanism and self-government, have voted for atatehood, and are financially able to assume the responsibilities of membership in the Union. In the case of Hawall, the report debunks the charge of communism, citing repeated investigations and figures showing that there never have been more than 160 Com- munists in the islands; Communist influ- ence has waned through alertness on the part of the people. The argument of non. contiguity, which applies to Alaska, too, is anewered by the fact that both Territories are far closer in terms of air time today than many present States were even 60 years ago. As to the effect of the large non- Caucasian population of Hawall, the report has merely to cite the magnificent combat record of Hawailan units in World War IT, Alaska’s population has usually been her most vulnerable point. However, this today is estimated at 135,000—nearly the same as Nevada’s—and is increasing rapidly. The report emphasizes that full economic devel- opment and realization of Alaska's tremen- dous potential are not possible without state. hood. Under the bill Alaska would derive much more benefit from her own rich re- sources. The eyes, not only of these Terri- tories, but also a large part of the world, will be on the Senate. It ought not to hesitate in strengthening the Union with these Pacific bastions of Americanism. IMPORT TARIFF ON DAIRY PRODUCTS— RESOLUTION OF PINE ROCK GRANGE, NO. 776, PINE CITY, MINN. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, T present for appropriate reference and ask unanimous consent to have printed in the REcorpD a resolution adopted by the Pine Rock Grange, No. 775 of Pine City, Minn., expressing their opposition to the lowering of the import tariff on dairy products. There being no objection, the resolu- tion was referred to the Committee on Finance, and ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Whereas there is to be an International Trade Conference, to be held in Torquay, England, in September of this year, at which 10 delegates from 17 countries will meet to discuss reducing reciprocal tariff rates; and Whereas the price of dairy products has already been reduced about 30 percent in the last 2 years and Whereas the tax on oleomargarine has been removed; and Whereas, already, many foreign countries, because of the high value of the American dollar, are shipping all their dairy products to this country; and Whereas the same countries which are flooding our markets with their dairy products, are for their own domestic use, importing oleomargarine from the southern countries; Therefore we, the members of the Pine Rock Grange, ask you to contact the dele- gates, who will represent the United States at this meeting, and urge them to oppose the lowering of tariffs on dairy products shipped to this country. MILTon Hava, Master. Mas. Appr: Lundin, Secretary. AMENDMENT OF RAILWAY LABOR ACT— RESOLUTION OF CARVER CAVE LODGE, NO. 4, BROTHERHOOD OF RAILWAY CARMEN, ST. PAUL, MINN. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I present for appropriate reference and 10577 ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Record a resolution unani- mously adopted by Carver Cave Lodge, No. 4, of the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen, St. Paul, Minn., in support of 8S. 3295, a bill of which I am a cosponsor, providing for a union shop under the terms of the Railway Labor Act. There being no objection, the resolu- tion was referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, and ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Carver CAvE Lopase, No. 4, BROTHERHOOD RAILWAY CARMEN OF AMERICA, St. Paul, Minn., July 5, 1950. The Honorable H. Humruerey, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. Dear SENATOR: At our last regular meet-~ ing the following resolution was unanimouse ly adopted; “Whereas all pay increases in the past 30 years that the railroad worker has received, has been gotten for him by his union; and “Whereas the retirement plan now enjoyed by thousands of railroad men, was put into law through the insistence of the railroad unions; and “Whereas the working conditions on the railroads were improved through the untons; and “Whereas we have men who do not belong or contribute one cent for all the above bene- fits to any union; and “Whereas these men work side by side with the union men, who through union dues have gained all these improvements; and “Whereas we have 100 percent union mems bership on the Milwaukee Railroad at St. Paul: Therefore, be it “Resolved, That we unanimously endorse the union-shop bill, which is now before Congress; and therefore, be it further “Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent to our Senators urging their support of Senate bill 3265.” Trusting you will give your favorable ate tention to this resolution, and with best wishes, I am, WaAtter F. MEIHOFER, Recording Secretary. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The following reports of committees were submitted: By Mr. O’MAHONEY, from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: 8. 3832. A bill to approve a contract negoti- ated with the Ogden River Water Users’ As- sociation, to authorize its execution, and for other purposes; with an amendment (Rept. No. 2103); and 8S. 3833. A bill to approve a contract nego- tiated with the South Cache Water Users’ Association, to authorize its execution, and for other purposes; with an amendment (Rept, No. 2104). By Mr. LEHMAN, from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: H.R. 4042. A bill to regulate the collection and disbursement of moneys realized from leases made by the Seneca Nation of Indians of New York, and for other purposes; with amendments (Rept. No. 2105). By Mr. FREAR, from the Committee on the District of Columbia: 8.3659, A bill to amend title IV of the Dis- trict of Columbia Revenue Act of 1937, us amended, so as to provide for the issuance of dealers’ identification tags for use on trailers, to provide for the revocation and suspension of dealers’ registration and identification tags, to change the fee for dealers’ identifi- cation tags, to provide for the issuance of temporary identification tags, and for other purposes; with amendments (Rept. No. 2108).
10578 By Mr. LANGER, from the Committee on the Judiciary: 8.2614. A bill for the relief of O. O. Haugen; with an amendment (Rept. No. 2107). BILLS INTRODUCED Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred as follows: (Mr. MAYBANK introduced Senate bill $936, to establish a system of priorities and allocations for materials and facilities, authorize the requisitioning thereof, provide financial assistance for expansion of produc- tive capacity and supply, strengthen con- trols over credit, regulate speculation on commodity exchanges, and by these measures facilitate the production of goods and serv- ices necessary for the national security, and for other purposes, which was referred to the Committee on Banking and Currency, and appears under a separate heading.) (Mr. TYDINGS introduced Senate bill 3937, to authorize the President to extend enlist- ments in the Armed Forces of the United States, which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services and appears under a sepa- rate heading.) By Mr. HOLLAND: 8.3938. A bill for the relief of Harriet T. Johnston; to the Committee on the Judi- ciary. By Mr, TYDINGS: 8.3939. A bill to suspend restrictions on the authorized personnel strength of the Armed Forces, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. McCARRAN: 8.9940. A bill for the relief of John E. Turrl and Edward H. Turri; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. TOBEY: 8.3941. A bill for the relief of Robert Stokvis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PEPPER: 8.3942. A bill for the relief of Dr. F. Hom. burger: to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WILEY: 8.3943. A bill for the relief of Wang Chi- Yuan; to the Committee on the Judiciary, By Mr. HUMPHREY: 8.3944. A bill for the relief of Satoko Matsushima Hoglund; to the Committee on the Judiciary. BIPARTISAN SENATORIAL COMMISSION ON DISLOYALTY AND SECURITY Mr. LODGE submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 310), which was re- ferred to the Committee on Foreign Re- lations: Resolved, That (2) with a view to ascer- taining the facts with respect to disloyalty on the part of employees of the Department of State and security of the Department against foreign penetration and taking appropriate action with respect thereto, there is hereby established a bipartisan senatorial commis- sion to be known as the Commission on Dis- loyalty and Security (in this resolution re- ferred to as the “Commisston"’) to be com- posed of eight members appointed as follows: (1) Two members who are Senators, one from each of the two major political parties, to be appolnted by the President of the Senate; (2) Three members from private life to be appointed by the President of the Senate upon the recommendation of the majority leader of the Senate; (8) Three members from private life to be appointed by the President of the Senate upon the recommendation of the minority leader of the Senate. ‘ (b) The six members of the Commission who are not Members of the Senate shail be chosen from a panel submitted by the President of the United States, comprised of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE persons who as a result of training, expert- ence, and attainments are exceptionally qual- ified to ascertain the facts with respect to the matters referred to in subsection (4) and to make recommendations with respect there- (c) All appointees to the Commission shall be confirmed by the Senate. (d) The persons recommended by the majority leader of the Senate shall be ap- proved by & majority vote of the Senators of the majority conference, and the recommended by the minority leader of the Senate shall be approved by a majority vote of the Senators of the minority conference. (e) Any vacancy in the Commission shall not affect its powers, but shal! be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made. (f) The Commission shall elect a Chair- man and a Vice Chairman from among its members. (g) Five members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum. Sxc, 2, (a) Members of the Senate who are members of the Commission shall serve without compensation in addition to that recetved for their services as Senators; but they shall be reimbursed for travel, subsist- ence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of the duties vested in the Commission. (b) The members from private life shall each receive $50 per diem when engaged in the performance of duties vested in the Com- mission, plus reimbursement for travel, sub- sistence, and other necessary expenses in- curred by them in the performance of such duties. Sec. 8. For the purposes of this resolution, the Commission, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized (1) to appoint and fix the compensation of such experts, consultants, and clerical and steno- graphic assistants as tt deems necessary and advisable, but the compensation so fixed shall not exceed the compengation prescribed under the Classification Act of 1949, for com- parable duties; and (2) to hold such hear- ings; to sit and act at such times and places; to require by subpena or otherwise the at- tendance of such witnesses and the produc- tion of such books, papers, and documents; to administer such oaths, to take such testi- mony; to have such printing and binding done; and to make such expenditures as it deems advisable. The cost of stenographic services in reporting hearings shall not be in excess of 25 cents per 100 words. Sub- penas shall be issued under the signature of the Chairman or any member of the Com- mizsion designated by him and shall be served by any person designated by the Chairman or any such member. Src. 4. (a) The Commission shall study and investigate fully charges of disloyalty on the part of persons who have been or are now employed by the Department of State. A)l proceedings of the Commission shall be conducted in secret. (b) Upon concluding its study and inves- tigation, the Commission shall make a pub- lic announcement of its findings on or after December 1, 1950, and shall make a report thereon to the Senate with such recommen- dations as it deems advisable. Such report may be made to the Secretary of the Senate if the Senate is not in session. Upon the submission of stich report the Commission shall cease to exist. Src. 5. The expenses of the Commission under this resolution, which shall not ex- ceed @——, shall be paid from the contin- gent fund of the Senate upon vouchers signed by the Chairman. AMENDMENT OF HATCH ACT— AMENDMENT Mr. TYDINGS submitted an amend- ment intended to be proposed by him to JuLy 19 the bill (S. 3873) to amend the Hatch Act, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS—AMEND- MENTS Mr. SALTONSTALL (for himself and Mr. Ives) submitted amendments in- tended to be proposed by them, Jointly, to the bill (H. R. 7786) making appropri- ations for the support of the Government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, and for other purposes, which were or- dered to lie on the table and to be printed. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the amendment intended to be proposed by Mr. Brivczs (for himself and other Senators) to House bill 7786, supra, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. Mr. WATKINS (for himself, Mr. Mc- Carran, and Mr. Kerr) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by them, jointly, to House bill 7786, supra, which was referred to the Committee on Public Works and ordered to be printed. HOUSE BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED The following bills and joint resolu- tions were severally read twice by their titles, and referred, as indicated: H.R. 6228. An act to record the lawful ad- mission to the United States for permanent residence of James Ermini; H.R. 6886. An act for the relief of Amos Chen, a native of Jamaica, British West In- diee; H. R. 6746, An act for the relief of Helena Jange Chinn; H.R. 6882. An act for the relief of Ohoko Nishida; H.R. 7870. An act for the relief of Kiyoko 8. Barr and Harue Barr; H.R. 7568. An act for the relief of Dr. Nicola Di Palma; H.R.7919. An act for the relief of Mrs. Yukiko Yoshii French and her son; H.R. 8093. An act for the relief of Regolo Gagliacco and his wife, Gina; H.R. 8383. An act for the relief of Mrs. Gerald Goodwin; H.R, 8473. An act for the relief of Kimiko Tomita; H.R. 8558. An act for the relief of Kimiko Yamaguchi, H.R, 8684. An act for the relief of Mrs. Yumiko Kawai Misanin and her daughter, Maria Mari Misanin; H.R. 8740. An act for the relief of Erika Kuhn; H.R. 8742. An act for the relief of Mra, Tokiko Amano Roloson; H.R. 8780. An act for the relief of Leila M. Dodd; H.R. 8826. An act for the relief of Yaeko Nakajima; H.R. 8918. An act for the relief of Mary Rynik Baran; and H.R. 8973. An act for the relief of Archi- bald Walter Campbell Seymour; to the Com- mittee on the Judiciary. H.R. 6607, An act authoriaing the issu- ance of a patent in fee to Howard H. Moran; H.R. 6958. An act authorizing the Secre- tary of the Intertor to issue a patent in fee to Prancis Lee Edwards; H.R. 7017, An act authorizing the Secre- tary of the Interior to issue a patent in tee to Edgar 6. Bigman; and H. J. Res. 487. Joint resolution to confirm title in fee simple in Joshua Britton to cer- tain lands in Jefferson County, Hl.; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.