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into account the resources available at other National Laboratories. 
In developing the plan, the Secretary shall— 
(1) evaluate the facilities planning processes utilized by 
other physical science and engineering research and develop-
ment institutions, both in the United States and abroad, that 
are generally recognized as being among the best in the world, 
and consider how those processes might be adapted toward 
developing such facilities plan; 
(2) avoid duplicating, moving, or transferring nuclear 
science and engineering facilities, equipment, expertise, and 
other assets that currently exist at other National Laboratories; 
(3) consider the establishment of a national transuranic 
analytic chemistry laboratory as a user facility at the Idaho 
National Laboratory; 
(4) include a plan to develop, if feasible, the Advanced 
Test Reactor and Test Reactor Area into a user facility that 
is more readily accessible to academic and industrial 
researchers; 
(5) consider the establishment of a fast neutron source 
as a user facility; 
(6) consider the establishment of new hot cells and the 
configuration of hot cells most likely to advance research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application in 
nuclear science and engineering, especially in the context of 
the condition and availability of these facilities elsewhere in 
the National Laboratories; and 
(7) include a timeline and a proposed budget for the comple-
tion of deferred maintenance on plant and equipment. 
(d) TRANSMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit 
the plan under subsection (c) to Congress. 
SEC. 956. SECURITY OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES. 
The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office of 
Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct a research 
and development program on cost-effective technologies for 
increasing— 
(1) the safety of nuclear facilities from natural phenomena; 
and 
(2) the security of nuclear facilities from deliberate attacks. 
SEC. 957. ALTERNATIVES TO INDUSTRIAL RADIOACTIVE SOURCES. 
(a) SURVEY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than August 1, 2006, the Sec-
retary shall submit to Congress the results of a survey of 
industrial applications of large radioactive sources. 
(2) ADMINISTRATION.—The survey shall— 
(A) consider well-logging sources as one class of indus-
trial sources; 
(B) include information on current domestic and inter-
national Department, Department of Defense, State 
Department, and commercial programs to manage and dis-
pose of radioactive sources; and 
(C) analyze available disposal options for currently 
deployed or future sources and, if deficiencies are noted 
for either deployed or future sources, recommend legislative 
options that Congress may consider to remedy identified 
deficiencies.
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(b) PLAN.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In conjunction with the survey conducted 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a research 
and development program to develop alternatives to sources 
described in subsection (a) that reduce safety, environmental, 
or proliferation risks to either workers using the sources or 
the public. 
(2) ACCELERATORS.—Miniaturized particle accelerators for 
well-logging or other industrial applications and portable accel-
erators for production of short-lived radioactive materials at 
an industrial site shall be considered as part of the research 
and development efforts. 
(3) REPORT.—Not later than August 1, 2006, the Secretary 
shall submit to Congress a report describing the details of 
the program plan. 
Subtitle F—Fossil Energy 
SEC. 961. FOSSIL ENERGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application programs 
in fossil energy, including activities under this subtitle, with the 
goal of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental 
performance of fossil energy production, upgrading, conversion, and 
consumption. Such programs take into consideration the following 
objectives: 
(1) Increasing the energy conversion efficiency of all forms 
of fossil energy through improved technologies. 
(2) Decreasing the cost of all fossil energy production, 
generation, and delivery. 
(3) Promoting diversity of energy supply. 
(4) Decreasing the dependence of the United States on 
foreign energy supplies. 
(5) Improving United States energy security. 
(6) Decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related 
activities. 
(7) Increasing the export of fossil energy-related equipment, 
technology, and services from the United States. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out fossil energy 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application 
activities, including activities authorized under this subtitle— 
(1) $611,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 
(2) $626,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and 
(3) $641,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
(c) ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized under subsection 
(a), the following sums are authorized: 
(1) For activities under section 962— 
(A) $367,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 
(B) $376,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and 
(C) $394,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
(2) For activities under section 964— 
(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; 
(B) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and 
(C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
(3) For activities under section 966—
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(A) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 
(B) $450,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009. 
(4) For the Office of Arctic Energy under section 3197 
of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2001 (42 U.S.C. 7144d) $25,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2007 through 2009. 
(d) EXTENDED AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Arctic Energy estab-
lished under section 3197 of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (42 U.S.C. 7144d) 
$25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2012. 
(e) LIMITATIONS.— 
(1) USES.—None of the funds authorized under this section 
may be used for Fossil Energy Environmental Restoration or 
Import/Export Authorization. 
(2) INSTITUTIONS
OF
HIGHER
EDUCATION.—Of the funds 
authorized under subsection (c)(2), not less than 20 percent 
of the funds appropriated for each fiscal year shall be dedicated 
to research and development carried out at institutions of 
higher education. 
SEC. 962. COAL AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the programs authorized under 
title IV, the Secretary shall conduct a program of technology 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application 
for coal and power systems, including programs to facilitate produc-
tion and generation of coal-based power through— 
(1) innovations for existing plants (including mercury 
removal); 
(2) gasification systems; 
(3) advanced combustion systems; 
(4) turbines for synthesis gas derived from coal; 
(5) carbon capture and sequestration research and develop-
ment; 
(6) coal-derived chemicals and transportation fuels; 
(7) liquid fuels derived from low rank coal water slurry; 
(8) solid fuels and feedstocks; 
(9) advanced coal-related research; 
(10) advanced separation technologies; and 
(11) fuel cells for the operation of synthesis gas derived 
from coal. 
(b) COST AND PERFORMANCE GOALS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out programs authorized by 
this section, during each of calendar years 2008, 2010, 2012, 
and 2016, and during each fiscal year beginning after Sep-
tember 30, 2021, the Secretary shall identify cost and perform-
ance goals for coal-based technologies that would permit the 
continued cost-competitive use of coal for the production of 
electricity, chemical feedstocks, and transportation fuels. 
(2) ADMINISTRATION.—In establishing the cost and perform-
ance goals, the Secretary shall— 
(A) consider activities and studies undertaken as of 
the date of enactment of this Act by industry in cooperation 
with the Department in support of the identification of 
the goals; 
(B) consult with interested entities, including— 
(i) coal producers;
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(ii) industries using coal; 
(iii) organizations that promote coal and advanced 
coal technologies; 
(iv) environmental organizations; 
(v) organizations representing workers; and 
(vi) organizations representing consumers; 
(C) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, publish in the Federal Register proposed draft 
cost and performance goals for public comments; and 
(D) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act and every 4 years thereafter, submit to Congress 
a report describing the final cost and performance goals 
for the technologies that includes— 
(i) a list of technical milestones; and 
(ii) an explanation of how programs authorized 
in this section will not duplicate the activities author-
ized under the Clean Coal Power Initiative authorized 
under title IV. 
(c) POWDER RIVER BASIN AND FORT UNION LIGNITE COAL MER-
CURY REMOVAL.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the programs authorized 
by subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a program to 
test and develop technologies to control and remove mercury 
emissions from subbituminous coal mined in the Powder River 
Basin, and Fort Union lignite coals, that are used for the 
generation of electricity. 
(2) EFFICACY OF MERCURY REMOVAL TECHNOLOGY.—In car-
rying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
examine the efficacy of mercury removal technologies on coals 
described in that paragraph that are blended with other types 
of coal. 
(d) FUEL CELLS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a program 
of research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application on fuel cells for low-cost, high-efficiency, fuel-
flexible, modular power systems. 
(2) DEMONSTRATIONS.—The demonstrations referred to in 
paragraph (1) shall include solid oxide fuel cell technology 
for commercial, residential, and transportation applications, 
and distributed generation systems, using improved manufac-
turing production and processes. 
SEC. 963. CARBON CAPTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 10-year 
carbon capture research and development program to develop 
carbon dioxide capture technologies on combustion-based systems 
for use— 
(1) in new coal utilization facilities; and 
(2) on the fleet of coal-based units in existence on the 
date of enactment of this Act. 
(b) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the program under sub-
section (a) shall be— 
(1) to develop carbon dioxide capture technologies, including 
adsorption and absorption techniques and chemical processes, 
to remove the carbon dioxide from gas streams containing 
carbon dioxide potentially amenable to sequestration;