(D) any savings to the Federal Govern-
ment as a result of such increases or reduc-
tions; 
(2) an accounting of any increase in the na-
tional rate of employment due to the efforts of the 
Working Group; 
(3) a summary of the efforts of each State to 
reduce child poverty within such State, including the 
administration of State programs funded under part 
A of title IV of the Social Security Act (relating to 
block grants to States for temporary assistance for 
needy families); and 
(4) legislative language and recommendations 
regarding reducing child poverty and achieving the 
other goals and duties of the Working Group. 
(b) PUBLIC REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) ANNUAL REPORT AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC.— 
A version of the annual report required by sub-
section (a) shall be made publicly available. 
(2) ANNUAL
UPDATE
FROM
FEDERAL
AGEN-
CIES.—The head of each relevant Federal agency 
shall post on the public Internet Web site of such 
agency an annual summary of any plans, activities, 
and results of the agency related to the goals and 
duties of the Working Group. 
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CHAPTER 2—WORKSHOPS BY NATIONAL 
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
SEC. 168. REQUIREMENT TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT 
WITH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date on which funds are made available to carry out this 
Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall 
enter into an agreement with the National Academy of 
Sciences for 2 public workshops to provide the Working 
Group with information to assist in the development of 
the national plan under section 102(a). 
(b) STEERING COMMITTEE.—The agreement under 
subsection (a) shall include the creation of a steering com-
mittee to plan and conduct such workshops. 
(c) EXPERTS.—The agreement under subsection (a) 
shall include the commission of experts to prepare re-
search papers that summarize and critique literature on 
the economic and social costs of child poverty. 
SEC. 169. WORKSHOP TOPICS. 
The purpose of the workshops required by section 
201(a) shall be to collect information and input from the 
public on the economic and social costs of child poverty, 
addressing topics that include— 
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(1) the macroeconomic costs of child poverty, 
including the effects of child poverty on productivity 
and economic output; 
(2) the health-related costs of child poverty, in-
cluding the costs incurred by the Federal Govern-
ment and State, local, and tribal governments due to 
child illnesses, other child medical problems, and 
other child health-related expenditures; 
(3) the effect of child poverty on crime rates; 
(4) the short-term and long-term effects of 
child poverty on the Federal budget, including out-
lays for anti-poverty programs; 
(5) poverty metrics such as income poverty, 
food insecurity, and other measures of deprivation, 
and the role of such metrics in assessing the effects 
of poverty and the performance of anti-poverty pro-
grams; 
(6) the effect of child poverty on certain popu-
lation groups, including immigrants, single parent 
families, individuals who have attained the age of 16 
but have not attained the age of 25 with large stu-
dent loans, individuals living in areas of con-
centrated poverty, and individuals living on Indian 
reservations; and 
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(7) the effect of child poverty on individuals 
and families living in extreme poverty, as compared 
with such effect on individuals and families living in 
poverty or near poverty. 
SEC. 170. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 
(a) RESEARCH PAPERS.—The agreement under sec-
tion 201(a) shall include the publication of the research 
papers required under such section on the public Web site 
of the National Academy of Sciences. 
(b) WORKSHOP SUMMARY.—The agreement under 
section 201(a) shall include the publication of a summary 
of each workshop required under such section on the pub-
lic Web site of the National Academy of Sciences. 
SEC. 171. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to 
carry out this subtitle. 
CHAPTER 3—DEFINITIONS 
SEC. 172. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘anti- 
poverty program’’ means a program or institution 
with the primary goal of lifting children or families 
out of poverty and improving economic opportunities 
for children or families that operates in whole or in 
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part using Federal, State, local, or tribal govern-
ment funds. 
(2) CHILD.—The term ‘‘child’’ means an indi-
vidual who has not attained the age of 18. 
(3) DEPRIVATION.—The term ‘‘deprivation’’ 
means, with respect to an individual, that such indi-
vidual lacks adequate nutrition, health care, housing, 
or other resources to provide for basic human needs. 
(4) DISCONNECTED
YOUTH.—The term ‘‘dis-
connected youth’’ means individuals who have at-
tained the age of 16 but have not attained the age 
of 25 who are unemployed and not enrolled in 
school. 
(5) ECONOMIC
STABILITY.—The term ‘‘eco-
nomic stability’’ means, with respect to an individual 
or family, that such individual or family has access 
to the means and support necessary to effectively 
cope with adverse or costly life events and to effec-
tively recover from the consequences of such events 
while maintaining a decent standard of living. 
(6) EXTREME POVERTY.—The term ‘‘extreme 
poverty’’ means, with respect to an individual or 
family, that such individual or family has a total an-
nual income that is less than the amount that is 50 
percent of the official poverty threshold for such in-
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dividual or family, as provided in the report of the 
United States Census Bureau on Income, Poverty, 
and Health Insurance Coverage in the United 
States: 2013 (issued in September 2014). 
(7) FEDERAL
AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal 
agency’’ means an executive department, a Govern-
ment corporation, and an independent establish-
ment. 
(8) NEAR POVERTY.—The term ‘‘near poverty’’ 
means, with respect to an individual or family, that 
such individual or family has a total annual income 
that is less than the amount that is 200 percent of 
the official poverty threshold for such individual or 
family, as provided in the report of the United 
States Census Bureau on Income, Poverty, and 
Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 
2013 (issued in September 2014). 
(9) POVERTY.—The term ‘‘poverty’’ means, 
with respect to an individual or family, that such in-
dividual or family has a total annual income that is 
less than the amount that is the official poverty 
threshold for such individual or family, as provided 
in the report of the United States Census Bureau on 
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in 
the United States: 2013 (issued in September 2014). 
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Subtitle H—Hunger-Free Summers 
for Children 
SEC. 181. SUMMER SNAP BENEFITS FOR MINOR CHILDREN 
WHO RECEIVED FREE OR REDUCED PRICE 
SCHOOL LUNCHES. 
Section 8(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2017(a)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘The value of the allotment for a participating household 
that includes a minor child who as of the end of the school 
year received free or reduced price school lunches under 
the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) shall be increased for each such child 
by $150 for each month during which the school attended 
by such child is not in session.’’. 
SEC. 182. CHILD TAX CREDIT INCREASED FOR FAMILIES 
UNDER 150 PERCENT OF POVERTY LINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 24 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection: 
‘‘(h) SPECIAL RULE FOR FAMILIES UNDER 150 PER-
CENT OF POVERTY LINE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a taxpayer 
whose adjusted gross income for the taxable year is 
less than 150 percent of an amount equal to the 
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poverty line (as defined by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget) for a family of the size involved, 
subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting 
‘$2,000’ for ‘$1,000’. 
‘‘(2) POVERTY LINE USED.—For purposes of 
this subsection, the poverty line used with respect to 
a taxable year shall be the most recently published 
poverty line during the calendar year ending before 
such taxable year begins.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2015. 
TITLE II—COMMUNITY 
POLICING 
Subtitle A—Fair Chance for Youth 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Fair Chance for 
Youth Act of 2018’’. 
SEC. 202. EXPUNGEMENT AND SEALING OF YOUTH CRIMI-
NAL RECORDS. 
Chapter 229 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER D—EXPUNGEMENT AND 
SEALING OF YOUTH CRIMINAL RECORDS 
‘‘3631. Youth Offense Expungement and Sealing Review Board. 
‘‘3632. Expungement and sealing for youth. 
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‘‘3633. Definitions. 
‘‘3634. Reporting. 
‘‘§ 3631. Youth Offense Expungement and Sealing Re-
view Board 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Judge for each Fed-
eral District shall establish— 
‘‘(1) a Youth Offense Expungement and Seal-
ing Review Board (hereinafter in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘Review Board’) to review petitions 
for discretionary expungement and sealing of youth 
offenses; and 
‘‘(2) the rules and procedures governing the op-
eration of the Review Board in the exercise of its 
powers under subsection (c). 
‘‘(b) COMPOSITION.—The Review Board shall include 
one representative, selected by the Chief Judge to serve 
without compensation, from each of the following: 
‘‘(1) The Department of Justice. 
‘‘(2) The United States Probation and Pretrial 
Services System. 
‘‘(3) The Office of the Federal Defender or a 
designated Criminal Justice Act panel attorney or 
private criminal defense attorney. 
‘‘(c) POWERS.—The Review Board shall— 
‘‘(1) review petitions under this subchapter to 
determine whether the youth, and the offense on 
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which the petition is based, meet the eligibility re-
quirements for expungement or sealing consider-
ation; 
‘‘(2) for petitions meeting the eligibility require-
ments, evaluate those petitions on the merits in 
order to make a recommendation on the advisability 
of granting the petition; and 
‘‘(3) convey its recommendation, with a written 
explanation, to the Chief Judge in each Federal Dis-
trict, or a designee of the Chief Judge, for consider-
ation. 
‘‘(d) 
RECOMMENDATION.—In 
making 
its 
rec-
ommendation, the Review Board— 
‘‘(1) shall consider all the evidence and testi-
mony presented in the petition and any hearings 
held on the petition; 
‘‘(2) may not consider any arrest or prosecution 
that did not result in a conviction and that took 
place prior to the conviction or arrest the petitioner 
is seeking to expunge or seal; and 
‘‘(3) shall balance— 
‘‘(A) the public safety, the interest of pub-
lic knowledge, and any legitimate interest of the 
Government in maintaining the accessibility of 
the protected information; against 
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‘‘(B) the interest of the petitioner in hav-
ing the petition granted, including the benefit 
to the petition’s ability to positively contribute 
to the community, and the petitioner’s conduct 
and demonstrated desire to be rehabilitated. 
‘‘(e) COURT TO CONSIDER AND DECIDE UPON PETI-
TIONS.—The Court shall consider and decide upon each 
petition for which the court receives a recommendation 
from the Review Board. The Court’s decision to grant or 
deny the petition shall give significant weight to the Re-
view Board recommendation. The Court shall grant the 
petition unless the Government shows the interests de-
scribed in subsection (d)(3)(A) outweigh the interests of 
the petitioner described in subsection (d)(3)(B). 
‘‘(f) ONE OPPORTUNITY.—A youth may only file a 
petition for expungement or sealing under this subchapter 
once and the decision of the district court on the petition 
shall be final and is not appealable. 
‘‘(g) ONLINE FORMS FOR PETITIONS.—The Director 
of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts 
shall create and make available to the public, online and 
in paper form, a universal form to file a petition under 
this section, and establish a process under which indigent 
petitioners may obtain a waiver of any fee for filing a peti-
tion under this section. 
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‘‘(h) MAKING AVAILABLE STANDARD FORMS FOR 
COURT ORDERS.—The Director of the Administrative Of-
fice of the United States Courts shall create and make 
available to the Chief Judge of every Federal district 
standard expungement and sealing orders that empower 
the petitioner to seek destruction of records in accordance 
with the order. 
‘‘§ 3632. Expungement and sealing for youth 
‘‘(a) EXPUNGEMENT
PETITION
ELIGIBILITY.—A 
youth may petition a district court of the United States 
for expungement— 
‘‘(1) of the record of any misdemeanor or non-
violent felony drug conviction 3 years after the youth 
has completed every term of imprisonment related to 
that misdemeanor or nonviolent felony drug convic-
tion; 
‘‘(2) of the record of any person who has not 
attained the age of 18 at the time of committing the 
conduct resulting in conviction for any misdemeanor 
or nonviolent offense 3 years after the person has 
completed every term of imprisonment related to 
that misdemeanor or nonviolent offense conviction; 
and 
‘‘(3) of the record of an arrest or prosecution 
for any nonviolent offense on the date on which the 
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‘‘(3) if the arrest or prosecution does not result 
in a conviction, then by the Department of Justice 
on the date the case is disposed of. 
‘‘(d) GRANT OF PETITION.—If a court grants a peti-
tion under this section— 
‘‘(1) the person to whom the record pertains 
may choose to, but is not required to, disclose the 
existence of the record, and the offense conduct and 
any arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, adju-
dication, conviction, or other result of such pro-
ceeding relating to the offense conduct, shall be 
treated as if it never occurred; 
‘‘(2) the court shall destroy each paper and 
electronic copy of the record in the possession of the 
court; 
‘‘(3) the court shall issue an expungement or 
sealing order requiring the destruction of any paper 
and electronic copies of the record by any court, law 
enforcement officer, law enforcement agency, treat-
ment or rehabilitation services agency, or employee 
thereof in possession of those copies; 
‘‘(4) any entity or person listed in paragraph 
(3) that receives an inquiry relating to the record 
shall reply to the inquiry stating that no such record 
exists; and 
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‘‘(5) except as provided in subsection (f), no 
person shall not be subject to prosecution under any 
civil or criminal provision of Federal or State law re-
lating to perjury, false swearing, or making a false 
statement for failing to acknowledge the record or 
respond to any inquiry made of the of petitioner or 
the parent relating to the record, for any purpose. 
‘‘(e) CIVIL ACTIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If an individual who has a 
record expunged or sealed under this section brings 
an action that might be defended with the contents 
of the record, there shall be a rebuttable presump-
tion that the defendant has a complete defense to 
the action. 
‘‘(2) SHOWING
BY
PLAINTIFF.—In an action 
described in paragraph (1), the plaintiff may rebut 
the presumption of a complete defense by showing 
that the contents of the record would not prevent 
the defendant from being liable. 
‘‘(3) DUTY TO TESTIFY AS TO EXISTENCE OF 
RECORD.—The court in which an action described in 
paragraph (1) is filed may require the plaintiff to 
state under oath whether the plaintiff had a record 
and whether the record was expunged or sealed. 
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‘‘(4) PROOF OF EXISTENCE OF RECORD.—If the 
plaintiff in an action described in paragraph (1) de-
nied the existence of a record, the defendant may 
prove the existence of the record in any manner 
compatible with the applicable laws of evidence. 
‘‘(f) ATTORNEY GENERAL NONPUBLIC RECORDS.— 
The Attorney General shall— 
‘‘(1) maintain a nonpublic database of all 
records expunged or sealed under this subchapter; 
‘‘(2) disclose, access, or utilize records con-
tained in the nonpublic database only— 
‘‘(A) in defense of any civil suit arising out 
of the facts contained in the record; 
‘‘(B) to determine whether the individual 
to whom the record relates is eligible for a first- 
time-offender diversion program; 
‘‘(C) for a background check that relates 
to law enforcement employment or any employ-
ment that requires a Government security clear-
ance; or 
‘‘(D) if the Attorney General determines 
that disclosure is necessary to serve the inter-
ests of national security; and 
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‘‘(3) to the extent practicable, notify the indi-
vidual to whom the record pertains of the disclosure 
unless it is made pursuant to paragraph (2)(D). 
‘‘§ 3633. Definitions 
‘‘In this subchapter— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘youth’ means an individual who 
was 21 years of age or younger at the time of the 
criminal offense for which the individual was ar-
rested, prosecuted, or sentenced; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘nonviolent felony’ means a Fed-
eral criminal felony offense that is not— 
‘‘(A) a crime of violence; or 
‘‘(B) a sex offense (as that term is defined 
in section 111 of the Sex Offender Registration 
and Notification Act); 
‘‘(3) the term ‘record’ means information, 
whether in paper or electronic form, containing any 
reference to— 
‘‘(A) an arrest, conviction, or sentence of 
an individual for an offense; 
‘‘(B) the institution of juvenile delinquency 
or criminal proceedings against an individual 
for the offense; or 
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‘‘(C) adjudication, conviction, or any other 
result of juvenile delinquency or criminal pro-
ceedings; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘expunge’— 
‘‘(A) means to destroy a record and oblit-
erate the name of the person to whom the 
record pertains from each official index or pub-
lic record; and 
‘‘(B) has the effect described in section 
3631(g), including— 
‘‘(i) the right to treat an offense to 
which an expunged record relates, and any 
arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, ad-
judication, conviction, or other result of 
such proceeding relating to the offense, as 
if it never occurred; and 
‘‘(ii) protection from civil and criminal 
perjury, false swearing, and false state-
ment laws with respect to an expunged 
record; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘seal’— 
‘‘(A) means— 
‘‘(i) to close a record from public 
viewing so that the record cannot be exam-
ined except by court order; and 
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