120 
(4) The enhancement of the international competitive position of the 
United States. 
§ 70303. Definition of additive cost 
In this chapter, the term ‘‘additive cost’’ means the average direct and 
indirect costs to the Administration of providing additional flights of the 
Space Transportation System beyond the costs associated with those flights 
necessary to meet the space transportation needs of the United States Gov-
ernment. 
§ 70304. Duties of Administrator 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF REIMBURSEMENT RE-
COVERY SYSTEM.—The Administrator shall establish and implement a pric-
ing system to recover reimbursement in accordance with the pricing policy 
under section 70302 of this title from each commercial or foreign user of 
the Space Transportation System, which, except as provided in subsections 
(c), (d), and (e), shall include a base price of not less than $74,000,000 
for each flight of the Space Transportation System in 1982 dollars. 
(b) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—Each year the Administrator shall submit 
to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives a report, transmitted contemporaneously with the annual budget re-
quest of the President, which shall inform Congress how the policy goals 
contained in section 70302 of this title are being furthered by the shuttle 
price for foreign and commercial users. 
(c) REDUCTION OF BASE PRICE.— 
(1) AUTHORITY TO REDUCE.—If at any time the Administrator finds 
that the policy goals contained in section 70302 of this title are not 
being achieved, the Administrator shall have authority to reduce the 
base price established in subsection (a) after 45 days following receipt 
by the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Represent-
atives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate, and the Committee on Science and Technology of the 
House of Representatives of a notice by the Administrator containing 
a description of the proposed reduction together with a full and com-
plete statement of the facts and circumstances which necessitate such 
proposed reduction. 
(2) MINIMUM PRICE.—In no case shall the minimum price estab-
lished under paragraph (1) be less than additive cost. 
(d) LOW OR NO-COST FLIGHTS.—The Administrator may set a price 
lower than the price determined under subsection (a) or (c), or provide no- 
cost flights, for any commercial or foreign user of the Space Transportation 
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System that is involved in research, development, or demonstration pro-
grams with the Administration. 
(e) CUSTOMER INCENTIVES.—Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-
section (a), the Administrator shall have the authority to offer reasonable 
customer incentives consistent with the policy goals in section 70302 of this 
title. 
CHAPTER 705—HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT 
Sec. 
70501.
Space shuttle follow-on. 
70502.
Requirements. 
70503.
Ground-based analog capabilities. 
70504.
International Space Station completion. 
70505.
International Space Station research. 
70506.
National laboratory designation. 
§ 70501. Space shuttle follow-on 
(a) POLICY STATEMENT.—It is the policy of the United States to possess 
the capability for human access to space on a continuous basis. 
(b) PROGRESS REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after December 30, 
2005, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall transmit a report to 
the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Sen-
ate describing the progress being made toward developing the Crew Explo-
ration Vehicle and the Crew Launch Vehicle and the estimated time before 
they will demonstrate crewed, orbital spaceflight. 
(c) COMPLIANCE REPORT.—If, 1 year before the final planned flight of 
the space shuttle orbiter, the United States has not demonstrated a replace-
ment human space flight system, and the United States cannot uphold the 
policy described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall transmit a report 
to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate describing— 
(1) strategic risks to the United States associated with the failure 
to uphold the policy described in subsection (a); 
(2) the estimated length of time during which the United States will 
not have its own human access to space; 
(3) what steps will be taken to shorten that length of time; and 
(4) what other means will be used to allow human access to space 
during that time. 
§ 70502. Requirements 
The Administrator shall— 
(1) construct an architecture and implementation plan for the Ad-
ministration’s human exploration program that is not critically depend-
ent on the achievement of milestones by fixed dates; 
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122 
(2) implement an exploration technology development program to en-
able lunar human and robotic operations consistent with section 
20302(b) of this title, including surface power to use on the Moon and 
other locations; 
(3) conduct an in-situ resource utilization technology program to de-
velop the capability to use space resources to increase independence 
from Earth, and sustain exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; and 
(4) pursue aggressively automated rendezvous and docking capabili-
ties that can support the International Space Station and other mission 
requirements. 
§ 70503. Ground-based analog capabilities 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may establish a ground-based ana-
log capability in remote United States locations in order to assist in the de-
velopment of lunar operations, life support, and in-situ resource utilization 
experience and capabilities. 
(b) ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS.—The Administrator shall select 
locations for the activities described in subsection (a) that— 
(1) are regularly accessible; 
(2) have significant temperature extremes and range; and 
(3) have access to energy and natural resources (including geo-
thermal, permafrost, volcanic, or other potential resources). 
(c) INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL POPULATIONS AND PRIVATE SECTOR PART-
NERS.—In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall involve local 
populations, academia, and industrial partners as much as possible to en-
sure that ground-based benefits and applications are encouraged and devel-
oped. 
§ 70504. International Space Station completion 
(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States to achieve diverse and 
growing utilization of, and benefits from, the International Space Station. 
(b) ELEMENTS, CAPABILITIES, AND CONFIGURATION CRITERIA.—The 
Administrator shall ensure that the International Space Station will— 
(1) be assembled and operated in a manner that fulfills international 
partner agreements, as long as the Administrator determines that the 
shuttle can safely enable the United States to do so; 
(2) be used for a diverse range of microgravity research, including 
fundamental, applied, and commercial research, consistent with section 
40704 of this title; 
(3) have an ability to support a crew size of at least 6 persons, un-
less the Administrator transmits to the Committee on Science and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate not later than 
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60 days after December 30, 2005, a report explaining why such a re-
quirement should not be met, the impact of not meeting the require-
ment on the International Space Station research agenda and oper-
ations and international partner agreements, and what additional fund-
ing or other steps would be required to have an ability to support a 
crew size of at least 6 persons; 
(4) support Crew Exploration Vehicle docking and automated dock-
ing of cargo vehicles or modules launched by either heavy-lift or com-
mercially-developed launch vehicles; 
(5) support any diagnostic human research, on-orbit characterization 
of molecular crystal growth, cellular research, and other research that 
the Administration believes is necessary to conduct, but for which the 
Administration lacks the capacity to return the materials that need to 
be analyzed to Earth; and 
(6) be operated at an appropriate risk level. 
(c) CONTINGENCIES.— 
(1) POLICY.—The Administrator shall ensure that the International 
Space Station can have available, if needed, sufficient logistics and on- 
orbit capabilities to support any potential period during which the 
space shuttle or its follow-on crew and cargo systems are unavailable, 
and can have available, if needed, sufficient surge delivery capability or 
prepositioning of spares and other supplies needed to accommodate any 
such hiatus. 
(2) PLAN.—Not later than 60 days after December 30, 2005, and 
before making any change in the International Space Station assembly 
sequence in effect on December 30, 2005, the Administrator shall 
transmit to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation of the Senate a plan to carry out the policy described in para-
graph (1). 
§ 70505. International Space Station research 
The Administrator shall— 
(1) carry out a program of microgravity research consistent with sec-
tion 40704 of this title; 
(2) consider the need for a life sciences centrifuge and any associated 
holding facilities; and 
(3) not later than 90 days after December 30, 2005, transmit to the 
Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate the research plan for Administration utilization of the Inter-
national Space Station and the proposed final configuration of the 
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