117 
(I) the Motor Vehicle Information and 
Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.); 
(J) the Federal Hazardous Substances Act 
(15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.); 
(K) the Endangered Species Act of 1973 
(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); 
(L) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); 
(M) the Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 
U.S.C. 4901 et seq.); 
(N) the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 
U.S.C. 6901 et seq.); 
(O) the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act of 
1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.); 
(P) the Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–499; 
100 Stat. 1613); 
(Q) the Ocean Dumping Act (33 U.S.C. 
1401 et seq.); 
(R) the Environmental Research, Develop-
ment, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 
1978 (42 U.S.C. 4365); 
(S) the Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990 
(42 U.S.C. 4321 note; Public Law 101–593); 
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(T) the Federal Facilities Compliance Act 
of 1992 (Public Law 102–386; 106 Stat. 
1505); and 
(U) any statute containing an amendment 
to any of such Acts. 
(4) FEDERAL
INDIAN
LAW.—Nothing in this 
Act shall be construed to modify or affect any provi-
sion of— 
(A) the Native American Graves Protection 
and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.); 
(B) the American Indian Religious Free-
dom Act (42 U.S.C. 1996); 
(C) the National Historic Preservation Act 
(16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.); 
(D) the Religious Freedom Restoration Act 
of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb et seq.); or 
(E) the Archaeological Resources Protec-
tion Act of 1979 (16 U.S.C. 470aa et seq.). 
(d) SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY
OF INDIAN TRIBES.— 
Nothing in this Act shall be construed so as to waive the 
sovereign immunity of any Indian Tribe. 
SEC. 511. AVAILABILITY OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 
Copies of records, reports, inspection materials, or in-
formation obtained by the Secretary or the Secretary of 
Agriculture under this Act shall be made immediately 
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available to the public, consistent with section 552 of title 
5, United States Code, in central and sufficient locations 
in the county, multicounty, and State area of mineral ac-
tivities or reclamation and on the internet so that such 
information is conveniently available to residents in the 
area proposed or approved for mineral activities. 
SEC. 512. MISCELLANEOUS POWERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary concerned, in car-
rying out the duties of the Secretary concerned under this 
Act, may conduct any investigation, inspection, or other 
inquiry and may conduct, after notice, any hearing or 
audit, that is necessary and appropriate to carry out such 
duties. 
(b) ANCILLARY POWERS.—In connection with any 
hearing, inquiry, investigation, or audit under this Act, the 
Secretary concerned may carry out any of the following 
actions: 
(1) Require, by special or general order, any 
person to submit in writing such affidavits and an-
swers to questions as the Secretary concerned may 
reasonably prescribe, which submission shall be 
made within such reasonable period and under oath 
or otherwise, as may be necessary. 
(2) Administer oaths. 
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(3) Require by subpoena the attendance and 
testimony of witnesses and the production of all 
books, papers, records, documents, matter, and ma-
terials as the Secretary concerned may request. 
(4) Order testimony to be taken by deposition 
before any person that is designated by the Sec-
retary concerned and that has the power to admin-
ister oaths, and compel testimony and the produc-
tion of evidence in the same manner as authorized 
under paragraph (3) of this subsection. 
(5) Pay witnesses the same fees and mileage as 
are paid in like circumstances in the courts of the 
United States. 
(c) ENFORCEMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In cases of refusal to obey 
a subpoena served upon any person under this sec-
tion, the United States district courts for any dis-
trict in which such person is found, resides, or 
transacts business, upon application by the Attorney 
General at the request of the Secretary concerned 
and after notice to such person, shall have jurisdic-
tion to issue an order requiring such person to ap-
pear and produce documents before the Secretary 
concerned. 
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(2) FAILURE TO OBEY.—Any failure to obey an 
order issued under paragraph (1) may be punished 
by the court that issued such order as contempt 
thereof and the person subject to such order shall be 
subject to a penalty of not more than $10,000 per 
day. 
(d) ENTRY AND ACCESS.—Without advance notice 
and upon presentation of appropriate credentials, the Sec-
retary concerned— 
(1) shall have the right of entry to, upon, and 
through the site of any claim, license, lease, mineral 
activities, or any premises in which any records re-
quired to be maintained under this Act are located; 
(2) may, at reasonable times and without delay, 
have access to records, inspect any monitoring 
equipment, and review any method of operation re-
quired under this Act; 
(3) may engage in any work and do all things 
necessary or expedient to implement and administer 
the provisions of this Act; 
(4) may, on any mining claim, license, or lease 
maintained in compliance with this Act, stop and in-
spect any motorized form of transportation that the 
Secretary concerned has probable cause to believe is 
carrying hardrock minerals, concentrates, or prod-
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ucts derived therefrom from a claim site for the pur-
pose of determining whether the operator of such ve-
hicle has documentation related to such hardrock 
minerals, concentrates, or products derived there-
from as required by law, if such documentation is 
required under this Act; and 
(5) may, if accompanied by a appropriate law 
enforcement officer, or an appropriate law enforce-
ment officer alone, stop and inspect any motorized 
form of transportation which is not on a claim site 
if the Secretary concerned or the appropriate law en-
forcement officer has probable cause to believe such 
vehicle is carrying hardrock minerals, concentrates, 
or products derived therefrom from a claim site, li-
cense, or lease on Federal land or allocated to such 
claim site, license, or lease for the purpose of deter-
mining whether the operator of such vehicle has the 
documentation required by law, if such documenta-
tion is required under this Act. 
SEC. 513. MINERAL MATERIALS. 
(a) DETERMINATIONS.—Section 3 of the Act of July 
23, 1955, commonly known as the Surface Resources Act 
of 1955 (30 U.S.C. 611), is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘No’’ and inserting ‘‘(a) No’’; 
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(2) by inserting ‘‘mineral materials, including’’ 
after ‘‘varieties of’’; 
(3) by striking ‘‘or cinders’’ and inserting ‘‘cin-
ders, and clay,’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b)(1) Subject to valid existing rights, after the date 
of the enactment of the Clean Energy Minerals Reform 
Act of 2023, notwithstanding the reference to common va-
rieties in subsection (a) and to the exception to such term 
relating to a deposit of materials with some property giv-
ing it distinct and special value, all deposits of mineral 
materials referred to in such subsection, including the 
block pumice referred to in such subsection, shall be sub-
ject to disposal only under the terms and conditions of 
the Materials Act of 1947 (30 U.S.C. 601–603). 
‘‘(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term ‘valid 
existing rights’ means that a mining claim located for any 
such mineral material— 
‘‘(A) had and still has some property giving it 
the distinct and special value referred to in sub-
section (a), or as the case may be, met the definition 
of block pumice referred to in such subsection; 
‘‘(B) was properly located and maintained 
under the general mining laws before the date of the 
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124 
enactment of the Clean Energy Minerals Reform Act 
of 2023; and 
‘‘(C) was supported by a discovery of a valuable 
mineral deposit within the meaning of the general 
mining laws as in effect immediately before the date 
of the enactment of the Clean Energy Minerals Re-
form Act of 2023.’’. 
(b) MINERAL
MATERIALS
DISPOSAL
CLARIFICA-
TION.—Section 4 of the Act of July 23, 1955, commonly 
known as the Surface Resources Act of 1955 (30 U.S.C. 
612), is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘and mineral 
material’’ after ‘‘vegetative’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by inserting ‘‘and mineral 
material’’ after ‘‘vegetative’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1 of the 
Act of July 31, 1947, entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the 
disposal of materials on the public lands of the United 
States’’ (30 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) is amended by striking 
‘‘common varieties of’’ in the first sentence. 
(d) SHORT TITLES.— 
(1) SURFACE
RESOURCES.—The Act of July 
23, 1955, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘SEC. 8. This Act may be cited as the ‘Surface Re-
sources Act of 1955’.’’. 
(2) MINERAL MATERIALS.—The Act of July 31, 
1947, entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the disposal of 
materials on the public lands of the United States’’ 
(30 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 5. This Act may be cited as the ‘Materials Act 
of 1947’.’’. 
(e) REPEALS.—Subject to valid existing rights, the 
following are repealed: 
(1) The Act of August 4, 1892, commonly 
known as the Building Stone Act (chapter 375; 27 
Stat. 348; 30 U.S.C. 161). 
(2) The Act of January 31, 1901, commonly 
known as the Saline Placer Act (chapter 186; 31 
Stat. 745; 30 U.S.C. 162). 
SEC. 514. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act shall take effect on the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, except as otherwise provided in this Act. 
Æ 
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