129 
(4) demonstration for commercial applications 
of clean energy technologies. 
(d) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Assistance pro-
vided under this section shall be used to supplement, and 
not to supplant, any other Federal resources available to 
carry out the activities described in this section. 
(e) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 3 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year 
thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Con-
gress and make available to the public a report that de-
scribes the activities funded by the Energy Innovation 
Fund. 
SEC. 107. EMISSION ALLOWANCE MARKET OVERSIGHT. 
(a) DEFINITION OF EMISSION ALLOWANCE.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘emission allowance’’ means any emis-
sion allowance established or issued under title VII of the 
Clean Air Act, or any derivative of such allowance. 
(b) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this section, the 
President shall establish an interagency working 
group to support the oversight of emission allowance 
transactions. Such working group shall include rep-
resentatives from— 
(A) the Environmental Protection Agency; 
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(B) the Federal Energy Regulatory Com-
mission; 
(C) the Commodity Futures Trading Com-
mission; and 
(D) other relevant Federal agencies as de-
termined by the President. 
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The working group 
shall make periodic recommendations to Congress 
and relevant Federal agencies to— 
(A) provide for effective and comprehensive 
market oversight of emission allowance trans-
actions; 
(B) prohibit fraud, market manipulation, 
and excess speculation related to emission al-
lowance transactions; 
(C) limit unreasonable fluctuation in the 
prices of emission allowances; 
(D) ensure market transparency to provide 
for efficient price discovery, prevention of fraud, 
market manipulation, and excess speculation; 
and 
(E) facilitate compliance with title VII of 
the Clean Air Act. 
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the 
date of enactment of this section, and biennially 
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thereafter, the interagency working group shall sub-
mit to the President and Congress a written report 
that includes the recommendations made under 
paragraph (2) for— 
(A) regulations and other actions to be 
taken by Federal agencies to enhance the over-
sight of emission allowance transactions; and 
(B) statutory changes needed to ensure the 
proper operation and oversight of transparent, 
fair, stable, and efficient emission allowance 
transactions. 
SEC. 108. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION 
OF THIS TITLE. 
Notwithstanding section 3304 and sections 3309 
through 3318 of title 5, United States Code, the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency, upon a de-
termination by the Administrator that there is a severe 
shortage of candidates or a critical hiring need for par-
ticular positions to carry out this title (including the 
amendments made by this title), may recruit and directly 
appoint highly qualified individuals into the competitive 
service. 
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TITLE II—WORKER AND 
COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE 
SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ADVERSELY AFFECTED COMMUNITY.—The 
term ‘‘adversely affected community’’ means a unit 
of local government or an Indian Tribe (or a polit-
ical subdivision thereof) that has been, or is at risk 
to be, significantly disrupted by the United States 
transition to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions 
through the loss of a significant portion of locally 
generated tax revenue or employment due to the clo-
sure, or risk of closure, of an impacted employer 
within its jurisdiction. 
(2) ADVERSELY
AFFECTED
WORKER.—The 
term ‘‘adversely affected worker’’ means an indi-
vidual who has been, or is at risk to be, totally sepa-
rated or partially separated from employment by an 
impacted employer. 
(3) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the Office of Energy and Economic 
Transition. 
(4) IMPACTED
EMPLOYER.—The term ‘‘im-
pacted employer’’ means a private entity that is pri-
marily engaged in business related to— 
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(A) the extraction of fossil fuels; 
(B) the refinement of fossil fuels; 
(C) the generation of electricity from fossil 
fuels; 
(D) the production of energy-intensive in-
dustrial products; 
(E) the manufacture of light-, medium-, 
and heavy-duty vehicles that utilize an internal 
combustion engine and component parts for 
such vehicles; 
(F) the construction, operation, and main-
tenance of infrastructure to deliver fossil fuels 
for domestic use; or 
(G) other industries significantly disrupted 
by the United States transition to net-zero 
greenhouse gas emissions, as determined by the 
Director, in consultation with the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency and 
the Secretary of Labor. 
(5) PARTIAL SEPARATION.—The terms ‘‘partial 
separation’’ and ‘‘partially separated’’ mean, with 
respect to an individual who has not been totally 
separated from employment, that— 
(A) the number of hours of work for such 
individual has been reduced by an impacted em-
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ployer to 80 percent or less of the average num-
ber of hours per week such individual worked 
per week prior to any separation from employ-
ment; and 
(B) the wages for such individual have 
been reduced by an impacted employer to 80 
percent or less of the average wages per week 
while employed by the impacted employer prior 
to any separation. 
(6) TOTAL
SEPARATION.—The terms ‘‘total 
separation’’ and ‘‘totally separated’’ mean the layoff 
or severance of an individual from employment by an 
impacted employer. 
SEC. 202. ENERGY AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION IMPACT 
STUDIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
seek to enter into an agreement with the National Acad-
emy of Sciences under which the Academy agrees to con-
duct studies on matters concerning the potential impacts 
of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions on workers 
and communities dependent on employment related to fos-
sil fuels as follows: 
(1) Not later than 1 year after the date of 
entry into such agreement, the Academy shall com-
plete a study focused on communities that have ex-
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perienced an energy-related transition within the 
previous 10 years, including communities that were 
dependent on coal, and submit to Congress and the 
Secretary of Energy a report on the results of such 
study. 
(2) Not later than 3 years after the date of 
entry into such agreement, the Academy shall com-
plete a study focused on communities and industries 
not covered in the study under paragraph (1) that 
are likely to experience an energy-related transition 
should the United States achieve net-zero green-
house gas emissions by 2050, and submit to Con-
gress and the Secretary of Energy a report on the 
results of such study. 
(b) TIMING OF AGREEMENT.—The Secretary of En-
ergy shall seek to enter into the agreement described in 
subsection (a) not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—The study and report under 
paragraph (1) of subsection (a), with respect to commu-
nities described in such paragraph, and the study and re-
port under paragraph (2) of subsection (a), with respect 
to communities described in such paragraph, shall— 
(1) assess current and foreseeable trends in 
worker and community disruptions associated with 
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the United States transition to achieving net-zero 
greenhouse gas emissions, and the effects of such 
trends on the social, economic, and other require-
ments of the United States; 
(2) identify types of occupations related to fos-
sil fuels that may be impacted by the United States 
transition to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emis-
sions, including— 
(A) occupations involved with— 
(i) the extraction of fossil fuels; 
(ii) the refinement of fossil fuels; 
(iii) the generation of electricity from 
fossil fuels; 
(iv) the production of energy-intensive 
industrial products; 
(v) the manufacture of light-, me-
dium-, and heavy-duty vehicles that utilize 
an internal combustion engine and compo-
nent parts for such vehicles; and 
(vi) the construction, operation, and 
maintenance of infrastructure to deliver 
fossil fuels for domestic use; and 
(B) for each type of occupation identified 
under subparagraph (A), estimates of— 
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(i) the number of employees serving in 
each type of occupation; 
(ii) the locations of employees for each 
type of occupation; 
(iii) the average wages and benefits of 
employees for each type of occupation; and 
(iv) the average age of employees for 
each type of occupation, including an esti-
mate of the number of employees 55 years 
of age or older; 
(3) assess impacts and potential impacts associ-
ated with the United States transition to achieving 
net-zero greenhouse gas emissions on workers in the 
types of occupations identified under paragraph (2); 
(4) identify skills, including professional certifi-
cations, typically associated with each type of occu-
pation identified under paragraph (2) and potential 
occupations utilizing the same or similar skills in in-
dustries not impacted by the United States transi-
tion to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, 
including an estimate of average wages and benefits 
for each such potential occupation; 
(5) identify the ages and locations of, and exist-
ing debt burdens, including debt burdens resulting 
from Department of Agriculture Rural Utilities 
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Service loans, related to existing fossil fuel-powered 
electricity generating units; 
(6) identify municipal and county governments 
that derive— 
(A) more than 25 percent of locally gen-
erated tax revenue or employment within the 
jurisdiction of the government from industries 
employing workers in types of occupations iden-
tified under paragraph (2); and 
(B) more than 50 percent of locally gen-
erated tax revenue or employment within that 
jurisdiction from such industries; 
(7) assess the status and condition of commu-
nities already affected by the transition to achieving 
net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, that have lost 
significant locally generated tax revenue or employ-
ment within the past 10 years; 
(8) assess economic development and alter-
native employment opportunities in communities 
identified in paragraphs (6) and (7), including an 
assessment of existing educational, workforce devel-
opment, and infrastructure assets, including trans-
portation, energy, and digital infrastructure, near 
identified communities; 
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(9) identify commonly occurring municipal and 
county government services and programs funded by 
locally generated tax revenues in communities identi-
fied in paragraphs (6) and (7), including— 
(A) education; 
(B) public safety, including police and fire 
departments; 
(C) health care; 
(D) infrastructure; and 
(E) workforce development; and 
(10) identify potential strategies, consistent 
with achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, to 
avoid future disruptions among businesses and work-
ers, including strategies to reskill workers to fill jobs 
in emerging and growing industries. 
(d) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The studies and reports 
under subsection (a) shall identify actions that could be 
taken regarding worker and community transition to net- 
zero greenhouse gas emissions, including— 
(1) compensation packages for employees in 
types of occupations identified under subsection 
(c)(2), including— 
(A) transition adjustment assistance, po-
tentially including support for wages, pension, 
health care, and other benefits; and 
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(B) enabling early retirement for such em-
ployees over the age of 55; 
(2) training and further education for employ-
ees in occupations identified under subsection (c)(2), 
potentially including job placement and relocation 
assistance; 
(3) economic development and diversification of 
communities identified under paragraphs (6) and (7) 
of subsection (c), including employment and develop-
ment opportunities associated with environmental re-
mediation; 
(4) financial assistance packages for commu-
nities identified in paragraphs (6) and (7) of sub-
section (c) to provide temporary replacement of lost 
locally generated tax revenue; and 
(5) recommendations for remedying deficiencies 
of existing programs and activities identified in sub-
section (c), which may include recommendations for 
Federal legislation and Executive action. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary 
to carry out this section. 
SEC. 203. OFFICE OF ENERGY AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
Executive Office of the President an Office of Energy and 
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Economic Transition. The Office shall be led by a Director 
who shall be appointed by the President, to serve at the 
pleasure of the President, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate. 
(b) DIRECTOR QUALIFICATIONS.—The Director shall 
be a person who, as a result of training, experience, and 
attainments, is exceptionally well qualified to— 
(1) appraise programs and activities of the Fed-
eral Government in light of the challenges posed to 
adversely affected workers and adversely affected 
communities; 
(2) be conscious of and responsive to the sci-
entific, economic, social, cultural, and pollution re-
duction needs and interests of the United States; 
and 
(3) formulate and recommend national policies 
to assist workers and communities disrupted in the 
United States transition to achieving net-zero green-
house gas emissions. 
(c) COMPENSATION
FOR DIRECTOR.—The annual 
rate of pay for the Director shall be fixed by the President 
at a rate that may not exceed the annual rate of pay for 
level II of the Executive Schedule. 
(d) DUTIES OF DIRECTOR.—The Director shall assist 
and advise the President on policies and programs of the 
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Federal Government affecting the United States transition 
to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by— 
(1) administering the programs and activities 
under this title; 
(2) assisting and advising the President in the 
preparation of the Worker and Community Transi-
tion Report required under subsection (g); 
(3) reviewing and appraising the various pro-
grams and activities of the Federal Government re-
lated to adversely affected workers and economic de-
velopment and diversification of adversely affected 
communities, and making recommendations to the 
President with respect to such programs and activi-
ties; 
(4) coordinating relevant programs and activi-
ties among the relevant Federal departments and 
agencies through the Interagency Energy and Eco-
nomic Transition Task Force convened pursuant to 
section 204; 
(5) coordinating across Federal departments, 
agencies, and other initiatives to align energy-related 
transition strategies with other national economic 
development strategies, including national manufac-
turing, infrastructure, and environmental remedi-
ation strategies; 
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(6) in accordance with section 205, being re-
sponsive to and coordinating with the Stakeholder 
Advisory Committee established under such section; 
(7) creating and maintaining a website to serve 
as an information clearinghouse containing informa-
tion on relevant programs and activities from rel-
evant departments and agencies across the Federal 
Government to increase awareness of Federal pro-
grams, grants, loans, loan guarantees, and other as-
sistance and resources the Director determines may 
assist economic development and diversification ac-
tivities in adversely affected communities and sup-
port adversely affected workers; 
(8) providing assistance to adversely affected 
communities, including technical and financial as-
sistance, and support for capacity building and plan-
ning capabilities by adversely affected communities 
and community-based leaders of such communities, 
including assistance provided pursuant to section 
206 or through Community-Based Transition Hubs 
pursuant to section 207; 
(9) collecting, collating, analyzing, and inter-
preting data and information on adversely affected 
workers and economic development and diversifica-
tion of adversely affected communities; and 
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(10) implementing grant programs or other 
forms of financial and technical assistance to sup-
port adversely affected workers and the economic de-
velopment and diversification of adversely affected 
communities as required by this title or after deter-
mining no such similar program or assistance is 
being provided by a Federal agency. 
(e) EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONNEL, EXPERTS, AND 
CONSULTANTS.—The Office may employ such officers and 
employees as may be necessary to carry out its duties 
under this title. In addition, the Office may employ and 
fix the compensation of such experts and consultants as 
may be necessary for carrying out such duties, in accord-
ance with section 3109 of title 5, United States Code. 
(f) REIMBURSEMENTS.—The Office may accept reim-
bursements from any private nonprofit organization, any 
department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal 
Government, or any State or local government for the rea-
sonable travel expenses incurred by the Director or an em-
ployee of the Office in connection with attendance at any 
conference, seminar, or similar meeting conducted for the 
benefit of the Office. 
(g) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Beginning in 2026, the 
President shall transmit to Congress a report, to be known 
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(B) the electricity generation sector; 
(C) the manufacturing sector; and 
(D) the transportation sector; 
(2) community leaders from adversely affected 
communities, including community leaders from 
Tribal and Indigenous communities; 
(3) representatives from State, Tribal, and local 
governments; 
(4) experts in economic development; 
(5) experts in workforce development; 
(6) representatives from nongovernmental orga-
nizations, including environmental organizations; 
and 
(7) representatives from the private sector. 
(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Stakeholder Advisory 
Committee shall provide independent advice and rec-
ommendations to the Director with respect to issues relat-
ing to the duties of the Office of Energy and Economic 
Transition, including— 
(1) improving participation, cooperation, and 
communication between the Office and adversely af-
fected communities; 
(2) recommending lessons learned and best 
practices from communities, regions, and countries 
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