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meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
to carry out this section $700,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025, to remain available until ex-
pended. 
SEC. 5102. DEFINITIONS. 
In sections 5103 and 5104: 
(1) ADVANCED
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY.—The 
term ‘‘advanced energy technology’’ means any en-
ergy generation, load-modifying transmission, or 
storage technology with zero or minimal greenhouse 
gas emissions that is connected— 
(A) to the distribution system; 
(B) to the transmission system; or 
(C) behind the meter. 
(2) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advi-
sory Committee’’ means the advisory committee es-
tablished under section 5103(a)(2)(A). 
(3) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 
means the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 
(4) ELECTRIC
UTILITY.—The term ‘‘electric 
utility’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
3 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 
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(5) GRID
OPERATOR.—The term ‘‘grid oper-
ator’’ means— 
(A) a Transmission Organization, includ-
ing— 
(i) an Independent System Operator; 
and 
(ii) a Regional Transmission Organi-
zation; 
(B) a public utility; and 
(C) an electric utility. 
(6) INDEPENDENT
SYSTEM
OPERATOR.—The 
term ‘‘Independent System Operator’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 3 of the Federal Power 
Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 
(7) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘Initiative’’ means 
the Advanced Energy Technology Research Initiative 
established under section 5103(a)(1). 
(8) PUBLIC UTILITY.—The term ‘‘public util-
ity’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
201(e) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824(e)). 
(9) REGIONAL TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION.— 
The term ‘‘Regional Transmission Organization’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 
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(10) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Energy. 
(11) TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION.—The term 
‘‘Transmission Organization’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 3 of the Federal Power Act (16 
U.S.C. 796). 
SEC. 5103. POWER SYSTEM MODELING REFORM AND UP-
DATES TO GRID SERVICES AND GRID OPER-
ATOR SOFTWARE. 
(a) ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 
INITIATIVE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission, 
in coordination with the Secretary, shall establish an 
initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Advanced Energy 
Technology Research Initiative’’, to research and 
provide recommendations on how to improve the 
modeling, operational, and planning practices used 
for the bulk electric system. 
(2) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission, in coordination with the Sec-
retary, shall establish an advisory committee to 
research, report on, and provide recommenda-
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tions on matters relating to the Initiative, in-
cluding— 
(i) whether the existing modeling and 
long-term and short-term planning prac-
tices used by grid operators for power sys-
tems, including power markets, adequately 
incorporate expected integration with re-
spect to advanced energy technologies; 
(ii) whether the methods used to de-
termine future transmission and capacity 
needs and make reliability-related deter-
minations use the right data to adequately 
forecast and model the integration of ad-
vanced energy technology into electric 
power systems; 
(iii) whether the modeling and plan-
ning practices described in clause (i) and 
the methods described in clause (ii) need to 
be updated to better account for the inte-
gration of advanced energy technology into 
electric power systems; 
(iv) any undue barriers to the adop-
tion of advanced energy technology pre-
sented by— 
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(I) 
existing 
modeling, 
oper-
ational, and planning practices; and 
(II) State estimation tools for 
planning and reliability; 
(v) any need to develop emerging 
technologies or software for use in improv-
ing modeling, planning, and operations in 
wholesale electricity markets to resolve 
computational or technical barriers to the 
adoption of advanced energy technology, 
including software relating to— 
(I) the use of big data, artificial 
intelligence, and probabilistic methods 
to predict, in near-real-time— 
(aa) energy generation from 
variable 
and 
distributed 
re-
sources; 
(bb) load profiles; and 
(cc) consumption and con-
gestion; and 
(II) the use of artificial intel-
ligence to improve the responsiveness 
of energy system operations; 
(vi) whether existing and future grid 
reliability service definitions and the mod-
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eling techniques, operational processes, and 
planning processes used to procure grid re-
liability services— 
(I) appropriately account for the 
technical and operational characteris-
tics of advanced energy technologies; 
(II) allow for the use of those ad-
vanced energy technologies to provide 
grid reliability services; and 
(III) include appropriate cyberse-
curity safeguards; and 
(vii) any rulemaking, technical con-
ference, or policy statement that, in the de-
termination of the Advisory Committee, 
the Commission should consider. 
(B) COMPOSITION.—The Advisory Com-
mittee shall consist of— 
(i) not fewer than 1 representative 
from each of— 
(I) the Commission; 
(II) the Department of Energy; 
(III) the Electric Reliability Or-
ganization (as defined in section 
215(a) of the Federal Power Act (16 
U.S.C. 824o(a))); 
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ment, and use of advanced energy tech-
nologies. 
(C) REPORTS.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
every 2 years thereafter for 10 years, the Advi-
sory Committee shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives a report on the 
Initiative, 
including 
the 
findings 
or 
rec-
ommendations of the Advisory Committee with 
respect to the matters described in clauses (i) 
through (vii) of subparagraph (A). 
(b) ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
AND GRID 
SERVICES PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall establish a competitive financial assist-
ance program, to be known as the ‘‘Advanced En-
ergy Technology and Grid Services Program’’, under 
which the Secretary shall enter into Federal finan-
cial assistance agreements with eligible entities de-
scribed in paragraph (2) for the purpose of increas-
ing the market penetration of advanced energy tech-
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nology through advanced research and development 
and pilot demonstrations of— 
(A) software upgrades, including upgrades 
to the software platforms used to operate 
wholesale energy markets; 
(B) updated power system planning; 
(C) new power system (including power 
market) modeling platforms; 
(D) cybersecurity and physical security up-
grades; and 
(E) resilience upgrades. 
(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES DESCRIBED.—An eligi-
ble entity referred to in paragraph (1) is— 
(A) a grid operator; 
(B) a State public utility commission; 
(C) an energy cooperative; 
(D) a municipality; 
(E) an electric utility; 
(F) a gas utility; or 
(G) a State energy office. 
(3) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may 
enter into a financial assistance agreement under 
this subsection for— 
(A) software upgrades by grid operators; 
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(B) new power system (including power 
market) modeling platforms; 
(C) enhancements to cybersecurity safe-
guards; or 
(D) updated power system (including 
power market) planning, updated power system 
(including power market) modeling, or updated 
reliability planning and modeling by grid opera-
tors. 
(4) COST SHARING.—In awarding Federal fi-
nancial assistance (including grants, loans, and any 
other form of financial assistance) to fund eligible 
activities under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
require cost sharing in accordance with section 988 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16352). 
(5) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the Ad-
vanced Energy Technology and Grid Services Pro-
gram established under this subsection, the Sec-
retary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall co-
ordinate with existing programs of the Department 
of Energy that focus on grid modernization efforts. 
SEC. 5104. ADVANCED ENERGY AND GRID EFFICIENCY 
STUDIES AND REPORT. 
(a) STUDIES.— 
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(1) ADVANCED
ENERGY
STUDY.—The Sec-
retary, in coordination with the Commission, shall 
carry out a study of the costs and benefits to con-
sumers of updating power system planning, mod-
eling, and operational practices, including reliability- 
related planning, and energy market participation 
rules on advanced energy technologies and resources, 
including distributed energy technologies and re-
sources, such as— 
(A) energy storage technologies; 
(B) energy efficiency and transmission effi-
ciency technologies; 
(C) distributed solar and wind energy gen-
eration; 
(D) fuel cells; 
(E) smart thermostats and smart building 
technologies; 
(F) demand response technologies, includ-
ing natural gas demand response technologies; 
(G) advanced metering technologies; 
(H) electric vehicles and electric vehicle 
charging infrastructure; 
(I) any aggregation of the distributed en-
ergy technologies and resources described in 
subparagraph (A) or (C); and 
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(J) any other advanced energy tech-
nologies, as determined by the Secretary. 
(2) GRID EFFICIENCY STUDY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in co-
ordination with the Commission, shall carry out 
a study of the barriers and opportunities for 
advanced energy technologies that provide in-
creased, more efficient, or more effective deliv-
ery over the existing transmission network. 
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The study under 
subparagraph (A) shall include— 
(i) an examination of— 
(I) the reliability, resilience, and 
economic benefits of technologies such 
as power flow control, topology opti-
mization, and dynamic line ratings; 
(II) the costs, benefits, and chal-
lenges associated with deployment of 
the advanced energy technologies de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); and 
(III) the impact of grid efficiency 
improvements on wholesale and retail 
electricity rates; and 
(ii) an analysis of the role of financial 
and regulatory incentives in the deploy-
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ment of advanced energy technologies, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit 
to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives a report describing the 
results of the studies under paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub-
section (a). 
PART 2—TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
SEC. 5111. INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING RE-
PORT. 
Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Con-
gress a report that— 
(1) examines the effectiveness of interregional 
transmission planning processes for identifying 
transmission projects across regions that provide 
economic, reliability, or operational benefits, taking 
into consideration the public interest, the integrity of 
markets, and the protection of consumers; 
(2) evaluates the current architecture of re-
gional electricity grids (including international trans-
mission connections of such grids) that together 
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(G) current barriers and challenges to con-
struction of interregional transmission projects; 
and 
(4) identifies potential changes, based on the 
analysis under paragraph (3), to the processes de-
scribed in paragraph (1) to ensure the most effi-
cient, cost effective, and broadly beneficial trans-
mission projects are selected for construction. 
SEC. 5112. INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
RULEMAKING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission (hereinafter in this section re-
ferred to as ‘‘the Commission’’) shall initiate a rulemaking 
to increase the effectiveness of the interregional trans-
mission planning process. 
(b) ASSESSMENT.—In conducting the rulemaking 
under subsection (a), the Commission shall assess— 
(1) the effectiveness of interregional trans-
mission planning processes for identifying trans-
mission planning solutions that provide economic, re-
liability, operation, and public policy benefits, taking 
into consideration— 
(A) the public interest; 
(B) the integrity of markets; and 
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(C) the protection of consumers; and 
(2) proposed changes to the processes described 
in paragraph (1) to ensure that efficient, cost-effec-
tive, and broadly beneficial transmission solutions 
are selected for construction, taking into consider-
ation— 
(A) the public interest; 
(B) the integrity of markets; 
(C) the protection of consumers; and 
(D) the range of benefits that interregional 
transmission provides. 
(c) EMPHASIS.—In conducting the rulemaking under 
subsection (a), the Commission shall develop rules that 
emphasize— 
(1) the need for a solution to secure approval 
based on a comprehensive assessment of the multiple 
benefits the solution is expected to provide; 
(2) that interregional benefit analyses made be-
tween multiple regions should not be subject to reas-
sessment by a single regional entity; 
(3) the importance of synchronizing the plan-
ning processes between regions that neighbor one 
another, including using one timeline with a single 
set of needs, input assumptions, and benefit metrics; 
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(4) that evaluation of long-term scenarios 
should align with the expected life of an inter-
regional transmission solution; 
(5) that transmission planning authorities 
should allow for the identification and joint evalua-
tion between regions of alternative proposals; 
(6) that the interregional transmission planning 
process should take place not less frequently than 
once every 3 years; 
(7) the elimination of arbitrary voltage, size, or 
cost requirements for an interregional transmission 
solution; and 
(8) cost allocation methodologies that reflect 
the multiple benefits provided by an interregional 
transmission solution. 
(d) TIMING.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Commission 
shall complete the rulemaking initiated under subsection 
(a). 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INTERREGIONAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS.—The 
term ‘‘interregional benefit analysis’’ means the 
identification and evaluation of the estimated bene-
fits of interregional transmission facilities in two or 
more neighboring transmission planning regions to 
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meet the needs for transmission system reliability, 
resilience, economic, and public policy requirements. 
(2) INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
PROCESS.—The term ‘‘interregional transmission 
planning process’’ means an evaluation of trans-
mission needs established by public utility trans-
mission providers in two or more neighboring trans-
mission planning regions that are jointly evaluated 
by those regions. 
(3) 
INTERREGIONAL
TRANSMISSION
SOLU-
TION.—The term ‘‘interregional transmission solu-
tion’’ means an interregional transmission facility 
that is evaluated by two or more neighboring trans-
mission planning regions and determined by each of 
those regions for the ability of the project to effi-
ciently or cost effectively meet regional transmission 
needs or to provide substantial benefits that are not 
addressed in either of the region’s regional planning 
processes. 
(4) TRANSMISSION
PLANNING
AUTHORITY.— 
The term ‘‘transmission planning authority’’ means 
the public utility transmission provider within a 
transmission planning region that is required to cre-
ate a regional transmission plan that identifies 
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transmission facilities and nontransmission alter-
natives needed to meet regional needs. 
(5) TRANSMISSION
PLANNING
REGIONS.—The 
term ‘‘transmission planning regions’’ means the 
transmission planning regions recognized by the 
Commission as compliant with the final rule entitled 
‘‘Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by 
Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utili-
ties’’ located at part 35 of title 18, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulation). 
Subtitle B—State Energy Security 
Plans 
SEC. 5201. STATE ENERGY SECURITY PLANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Part D of title III of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6321 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 367. STATE ENERGY SECURITY PLANS. 
‘‘(a) IN
GENERAL.—Federal financial assistance 
made available to a State under this part may be used 
for the implementation, review, and revision of a State en-
ergy security plan that assesses the State’s existing cir-
cumstances and proposes methods to strengthen the abil-
ity of the State, in consultation with owners and operators 
of energy infrastructure in such State, to— 
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‘‘(1) secure the energy infrastructure of the 
State against all physical and cybersecurity threats; 
‘‘(2) mitigate the risk of energy supply disrup-
tions to the State and enhance the response to, and 
recovery from, energy disruptions; and 
‘‘(3) ensure the State has a reliable, secure, and 
resilient energy infrastructure. 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—A State energy security 
plan described in subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) address all fuels, including petroleum 
products, other liquid fuels, coal, electricity, and nat-
ural gas, as well as regulated and unregulated en-
ergy providers; 
‘‘(2) provide a State energy profile, including 
an assessment of energy production, distribution, 
and end-use; 
‘‘(3) address potential hazards to each energy 
sector or system, including physical threats and cy-
bersecurity threats and vulnerabilities; 
‘‘(4) provide a risk assessment of energy infra-
structure and cross-sector interdependencies; 
‘‘(5) provide a risk mitigation approach to en-
hance reliability and end-use resilience; and 
‘‘(6) address multi-State, Indian Tribe, and re-
gional coordination planning and response, and to 
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the extent practicable, encourage mutual assistance 
in cyber and physical response plans. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In developing a State energy 
security plan under this section, the energy office of the 
State shall, to the extent practicable, coordinate with— 
‘‘(1) the public utility or service commission of 
the State; 
‘‘(2) energy providers from the private sector; 
and 
‘‘(3) other entities responsible for maintaining 
fuel or electric reliability. 
‘‘(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—A State is not eligible 
to receive Federal financial assistance under this part, for 
any purpose, for a fiscal year unless the Governor of such 
State submits to the Secretary, with respect to such fiscal 
year— 
‘‘(1) a State energy security plan described in 
subsection (a) that meets the requirements of sub-
section (b); or 
‘‘(2) after an annual review of the State energy 
security plan by the Governor— 
‘‘(A) any necessary revisions to such plan; 
or 
‘‘(B) a certification that no revisions to 
such plan are necessary. 
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‘‘(e) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Upon request of the 
Governor of a State, the Secretary may provide informa-
tion and technical assistance, and other assistance, in the 
development, implementation, or revision of a State energy 
security plan. 
‘‘(f) SUNSET.—This section shall expire on October 
31, 2024.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 363 
of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 
U.S.C. 6323) is amended— 
(A) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub-
section (e); and 
(B) by striking subsection (e). 
(2) 
TECHNICAL
AMENDMENT.—Section 
366(3)(B)(i) of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6326(3)(B)(i)) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘approved under section 367’’. 
(3) REFERENCE.—The item relating to ‘‘De-
partment of Energy—Energy Conservation’’ in title 
II of the Department of the Interior and Related 
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1985 (42 U.S.C. 
6323a) is amended by striking ‘‘sections 361 
through 366’’ and inserting ‘‘sections 361 through 
367’’. 
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(4) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections 
for part D of title III of the Energy Policy and Con-
servation Act is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 367. State energy security plans.’’. 
Subtitle C—Research and 
Development 
PART 1—BETTER ENERGY STORAGE 
TECHNOLOGY 
SEC. 5301. ENERGY STORAGE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States Energy Stor-
age Competitiveness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (l) through (p) 
as subsections (p) through (t), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (k) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(l) ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
Secretary shall establish a research and development 
program for energy storage systems, components, 
and materials across multiple program offices of the 
Department. 
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‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) coordinate across all relevant pro-
gram offices throughout the Department, in-
cluding the Office of Electricity, the Office of 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the 
Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy, 
the Office of Science, and the Office of Cyberse-
curity, Energy Security, and Emergency Re-
sponse; 
‘‘(B) adopt long-term cost, performance, 
and demonstration targets for different types of 
energy storage systems and for use in a variety 
of regions, including rural areas; 
‘‘(C) incorporate considerations of sustain-
ability, sourcing, recycling, reuse, and disposal 
of materials, including critical elements, in the 
design of energy storage systems; 
‘‘(D) identify energy storage duration 
needs; 
‘‘(E) analyze the need for various types of 
energy storage to improve electric grid resil-
ience and reliability; and 
‘‘(F) support research and development of 
advanced manufacturing technologies that have 
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the potential to improve United States competi-
tiveness in energy storage manufacturing. 
‘‘(3) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—No later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this sub-
section, the Secretary shall develop a 5-year 
strategic plan identifying research, development, 
demonstration, 
and 
commercial 
application 
goals for the program in accordance with this 
section. The Secretary shall submit this plan to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate. 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The strategic plan sub-
mitted under subparagraph (A) shall— 
‘‘(i) identify programs at the Depart-
ment related to energy storage systems 
that support the research and development 
activities described in paragraph (4), and 
the demonstration projects under sub-
section (m); and 
‘‘(ii) include timelines for the accom-
plishment of goals developed under the 
plan. 
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‘‘(C) UPDATES
TO
PLAN.—Not less fre-
quently than once every 3 years, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate an updated 
version of the plan under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(4) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—In car-
rying out the program established in paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall focus on developing— 
‘‘(A) energy storage systems that can store 
energy and deliver stored energy for a minimum 
of 6 hours in duration to balance electricity 
needs over the course of a single day; 
‘‘(B) long-duration energy storage systems 
that can store energy and deliver stored energy 
for 10 to 100 hours in duration; and 
‘‘(C) energy storage systems that can store 
energy and deliver stored energy over several 
months and address seasonal scale variations in 
supply and demand. 
‘‘(5) TESTING
AND
VALIDATION.—The Sec-
retary shall support the standardized testing and 
validation of energy storage systems under the pro-
gram through collaboration with 1 or more National 
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Laboratories, including the development of meth-
odologies to independently validate energy storage 
technologies by— 
‘‘(A) performance of energy storage sys-
tems on the electric grid, including— 
‘‘(i) when appropriate, testing of ap-
plication-driven charge and discharge pro-
tocols; 
‘‘(ii) evaluation of power capacity and 
energy output; 
‘‘(iii) degradation of the energy stor-
age systems from cycling and aging; 
‘‘(iv) safety; and 
‘‘(v) reliability testing under grid duty 
cycles; and 
‘‘(B) prediction of lifetime metrics. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram established in paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) programs and offices that aim to in-
crease domestic manufacturing and production 
of energy storage systems, such as those within 
the Department and within the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology; 
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‘‘(B) other Federal agencies that are car-
rying out initiatives to increase energy reli-
ability through the development of energy stor-
age systems, including the Department of De-
fense; and 
‘‘(C) other stakeholders working to ad-
vance the development of commercially viable 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(7) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide technical assistance for commercial ap-
plication of energy storage technologies to eligi-
ble entities. 
‘‘(B) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Technical 
assistance provided under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) may include assistance with— 
‘‘(I) assessment of relevant tech-
nical and geographic characteristics; 
‘‘(II) interconnection of elec-
tricity storage systems with the elec-
tric grid; and 
‘‘(III) engineering design; and 
‘‘(ii) may not include assistance relat-
ing to modification of Federal, State, or 
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local regulations or policies with respect to 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(C) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary 
shall seek applications for technical assist-
ance under the program— 
‘‘(I) on a competitive basis; and 
‘‘(II) on a periodic basis, but not 
less frequently than once every 12 
months. 
‘‘(ii) PRIORITIES.—In selecting eligi-
ble entities for technical assistance for 
commercial applications, the Secretary 
shall give priority to eligible entities with 
projects that have the greatest potential 
for— 
‘‘(I) strengthening the reliability 
and resilience of the electric grid to 
the impact of extreme weather events, 
power grid failures, and interruptions 
in supply of electricity; 
‘‘(II) reducing the cost of energy 
storage systems; or 
‘‘(III) facilitating the use of net 
zero emission energy resources. 
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‘‘(8) PROGRAM
DEFINED.—In this subsection 
(except in paragraph (9)), the term ‘program’ means 
the research and development program established 
under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(9) TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
GRANT
PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
establish a technical assistance grant program 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘program’) 
to award grants to eligible entities so that enti-
ties may seek technical assistance outside of the 
Department of Energy to identify, evaluate, 
plan, design, and develop processes to procure 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(B) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Grants for tech-
nical assistance may be used to obtain 
technical assistance with one or more of 
the following activities relating to energy 
storage systems: 
‘‘(I) Identification of opportuni-
ties to use energy storage systems. 
‘‘(II) Assessment of technical and 
economic characteristics. 
‘‘(III) Utility interconnection. 
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‘‘(IV) 
Permitting 
and 
siting 
issues. 
‘‘(V) Business planning and fi-
nancial analysis. 
‘‘(VI) Engineering design. 
‘‘(VII) Carrying out initial as-
sessment to identify net system bene-
fits of using energy storage systems. 
‘‘(VIII) Obtaining guidance relat-
ing to methods to assess energy stor-
age in long-term resource planning 
and resource procurement. 
‘‘(IX) Carrying out studies to as-
sess the cost-benefit ratio of energy 
storage systems. 
‘‘(X) Obtaining guidance on com-
plying with state and local regulatory 
technical standards, including siting 
and permitting standards. 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.—The grants for 
technical assistance described in subpara-
graph (A) shall not be used for assistance 
relating to modification of Federal, State, 
or local regulations or policies relating to 
energy storage systems. 
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‘‘(C) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity 
desiring grants for technical assistance 
under the program shall submit to the Sec-
retary an application at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information 
as the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(ii) 
APPLICATION
PROCESS.—The 
Secretary shall seek applications for tech-
nical assistance grants under the pro-
gram— 
‘‘(I) on a competitive basis; and 
‘‘(II) on a periodic basis, but not 
less frequently than once every 12 
months. 
‘‘(D) PRIORITIES.—In selecting eligible en-
tities for grants under the program, the Sec-
retary shall give priority to eligible entities with 
projects that have the greatest potential for— 
‘‘(i) strengthening the reliability of en-
ergy infrastructure and the resilience of 
energy infrastructure to the effects of ex-
treme weather events, power grid failures, 
and interruptions in supply of power; 
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‘‘(ii) reducing the cost of energy stor-
age systems; 
‘‘(iii) facilitating the use of renewable 
energy resources; 
‘‘(iv) minimizing environmental im-
pact, including regulated air pollutants and 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(v) improving the feasibility of 
microgrids or island-mode operation, par-
ticularly in rural areas, including rural 
areas with high energy costs; and 
‘‘(vi) maximizing local job creation. 
‘‘(E) RULES AND PROCEDURES.— 
‘‘(i) RULES.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall, by rule, establish proce-
dures for carrying out the program. 
‘‘(ii) GRANTS.—Not later than 120 
days after the date on which the Secretary 
establishes procedures for the program 
under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
shall issue grants under this subsection. 
‘‘(F) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall sub-
mit to Congress and make available to the pub-
lic— 
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‘‘(i) not less frequently than once 
every 2 years, a report describing the per-
formance of the program under this sub-
section, including a synthesis and analysis 
of any information the Secretary requires 
grant recipients to provide to the Secretary 
as a condition of receiving a grant; and 
‘‘(ii) on termination of the program 
under this subsection, an assessment of the 
success of, and education provided by, the 
measures carried out by eligible entities 
under the program. 
‘‘(10) 
DEPARTMENT
OF
ENERGY
WORK-
SHOPS.—The Secretary shall hold one or more work-
shops during each of calendar years 2021 and 2023 
to facilitate the sharing, across the Department of 
Energy, the States, local and Tribal governments, 
industry, and the academic research community, of 
research developments and new technical knowledge 
gained in carrying out this subsection.’’. 
(b) ENERGY
STORAGE
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.—The United States Energy Storage Competitive-
ness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231), as amended, is fur-
ther amended by inserting after subsection (l), as added 
by subsection (a), the following: 
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‘‘(m) ENERGY
STORAGE
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a competitive grant program for the dem-
onstration of energy storage systems, as identified 
by the Secretary, that use either— 
‘‘(A) a single system; or 
‘‘(B) aggregations of multiple systems. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.—In selecting 
eligible entities to receive a grant under this section, 
the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable— 
‘‘(A) ensure regional diversity among eligi-
ble entities that receive the grants, including 
participation by rural States and small States; 
‘‘(B) ensure that specific projects selected 
for grants— 
‘‘(i) expand on the existing technology 
demonstration programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy; and 
‘‘(ii) are designed to achieve one or 
more of the objectives described in para-
graph (3); 
‘‘(C) give consideration to proposals from 
eligible entities for securing energy storage 
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through competitive procurement or contract 
for service; and 
‘‘(D) prioritize projects that leverage 
matching funds from non-Federal sources. 
‘‘(3) OBJECTIVES.—Each demonstration project 
selected for a grant under paragraph (1) shall in-
clude one or more of the following objectives: 
‘‘(A) To improve the security of critical in-
frastructure and emergency response systems. 
‘‘(B) To improve the reliability of the 
transmission and distribution system, particu-
larly in rural areas, including high energy cost 
rural areas. 
‘‘(C) To optimize transmission or distribu-
tion system operation and power quality to 
defer or avoid costs of replacing or upgrading 
electric grid infrastructure, including trans-
formers and substations. 
‘‘(D) To supply energy at peak periods of 
demand on the electric grid or during periods of 
significant variation of electric grid supply or 
demand. 
‘‘(E) To reduce peak loads of homes and 
businesses, particularly to defer or avoid invest-
ments in new electric grid capacity. 
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‘‘(F) To advance power conversion systems 
to make the systems smarter, more efficient, 
able to communicate with other inverters, and 
able to control voltage. 
‘‘(G) To provide ancillary services for grid 
stability and management. 
‘‘(H) To integrate one or more energy re-
sources, including renewable energy resources, 
at the source or away from the source. 
‘‘(I) 
To 
increase 
the 
feasibility 
of 
microgrids or island-mode operation. 
‘‘(J) To enable the use of stored energy in 
forms other than electricity to support the nat-
ural gas system and other industrial processes. 
‘‘(4) RESTRICTION ON USE OF FUNDS.—Any el-
igible entity that receives a grant under paragraph 
(1) may only use the grant to fund programs relat-
ing to the demonstration of energy storage systems 
connected to the electric grid, or that provides bi-di-
rectional energy storage capable of providing back- 
up energy in the event of grid outages, including en-
ergy storage systems sited behind a customer rev-
enue meter. 
‘‘(5) COST SHARING.—In carrying out this sec-
tion, the Secretary shall require cost sharing under 
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this section in accordance with section 988 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352). 
‘‘(6) NO PROJECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST.—The 
United States shall hold no equity or other owner-
ship interest in an energy storage system for which 
a grant is provided under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(7) RULES AND PROCEDURES; AWARDING OF 
GRANTS.— 
‘‘(A) RULES AND PROCEDURES.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this subsection, the Secretary shall adopt rules 
and procedures for carrying out the grant pro-
gram under subsection (m). 
‘‘(B) AWARDING
OF
GRANTS.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date on which the rules 
and procedures under paragraph (A) are estab-
lished, the Secretary shall award the initial 
grants provided under this section. 
‘‘(8) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall submit to 
Congress and make publicly available— 
‘‘(A) not less frequently than once every 2 
years for the duration of the grant program 
under subsection (m), a report describing the 
performance of the grant program, including a 
synthesis and analysis of any information the 
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Secretary requires grant recipients to provide to 
the Secretary as a condition of receiving a 
grant; and 
‘‘(B) on termination of the grant program 
under subsection (m), an assessment of the suc-
cess of, and education provided by, the meas-
ures carried out by grant recipients under the 
grant program. 
‘‘(9) PROGRAM DEFINED.—In this subsection, 
the term ‘program’ means the demonstration pro-
gram established under paragraph (1).’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—The 
United States Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is amended, in subsection (t) (as 
redesignated by subsection (a)(1))— 
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘;’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) the research and development program for 
energy storage systems under subsection (l)— 
‘‘(A) $65,100,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $68,355,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $71,773,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
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‘‘(D) $75,362,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $79,130,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(8) the demonstration program for energy 
storage systems under subsection (m), $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
SEC. 5302. CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING AND REUSE RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRA-
TION PROGRAM. 
The United States Energy Storage Competitiveness 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is amended by inserting 
after subsection (m), as added by section 5301(b) of this 
Act, the following: 
‘‘(n) CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING AND REUSE 
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) CRITICAL MINERAL.—The term ‘crit-
ical mineral’ means any of a class of chemical 
elements that have a high risk of a supply dis-
ruption and are critical to one or more new, en-
ergy-related technologies such that a shortage 
of such element would significantly inhibit 
large-scale deployment of technologies that 
store energy. 
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‘‘(B) RECYCLING.—The term ‘recycling’ 
means the separation of critical minerals em-
bedded within an energy storage system 
through physical or chemical means and reuse 
of those separated critical minerals in other 
technologies. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
the Secretary shall establish a research, develop-
ment, and demonstration program of recycling of en-
ergy storage systems containing critical minerals. 
‘‘(3) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION.—In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary may focus research, development, and 
demonstration activities on— 
‘‘(A) technologies, process improvements, 
and design optimizations that facilitate and 
promote recycling, including— 
‘‘(i) improvement of efficiency and 
rates of collection of products and scrap 
containing critical minerals from con-
sumer, industrial, and other waste streams; 
‘‘(ii) separation and sorting of compo-
nent materials in energy storage systems 
containing critical minerals, including im-
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proving the recyclability of such energy 
storage systems; 
‘‘(iii) safe storage of energy storage 
systems, including reducing fire risk; 
‘‘(iv) safe transportation of energy 
storage systems and components; and 
‘‘(v) development of technologies to 
advance energy storage recycling facility 
infrastructure, including integrated recy-
cling facilities that can process multiple 
materials; 
‘‘(B) research and development of tech-
nologies that mitigate emissions and environ-
mental impacts that arise from recycling, in-
cluding disposal of toxic reagents and byprod-
ucts related to recycling processes; 
‘‘(C) research and development of tech-
nologies to enable recycling of critical materials 
from batteries in electric vehicles; 
‘‘(D) research on and analysis of non-tech-
nical barriers to improving the transportation of 
energy storage systems containing critical min-
erals; and 
‘‘(E) research on technologies and methods 
to enable the safe disposal of energy storage 
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systems containing critical minerals, including 
waste materials and components recovered dur-
ing the recycling process. 
‘‘(4) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 
years after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate a report summarizing the activities, findings, 
and progress of the program. 
‘‘(o) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of subsections (l), 
(m), and (n), the following definitions apply: 
‘‘(1) ENERGY
STORAGE
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘energy storage system’ means equipment or facili-
ties relating to the electric grid that are capable of 
absorbing and converting energy, as applicable, stor-
ing the energy for a period of time, and dispatching 
the energy, and that— 
‘‘(A) use mechanical, electrochemical, bio-
chemical, or thermal processes, to convert and 
store energy that was generated at an earlier 
time for use at a later time; 
‘‘(B) use mechanical, electrochemical, bio-
chemical, or thermal processes to convert and 
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store energy generated from mechanical proc-
esses that would otherwise be wasted for deliv-
ery at a later time; or 
‘‘(C) convert and store energy in an elec-
tric, thermal, or gaseous state for consumption 
at a later time in a manner that avoids the 
need to use electricity or other fuel sources at 
that later time, as is offered by grid-enabled 
water heaters, building heaters or coolers, elec-
tric vehicles, mini-pumped hydroelectric facili-
ties, electrolysis processes that make hydrogen 
for transportation or industrial needs, or any 
other load shaping mechanism that includes en-
ergy storage. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible en-
tity’ means— 
‘‘(A) a State, territory, or possession of the 
United States; 
‘‘(B) a State energy office (as defined in 
section 124(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 15821(a))); 
‘‘(C) a tribal organization (as defined in 
section 3765 of title 38, United States Code); 
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‘‘(D) an institution of higher education (as 
defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); 
‘‘(E) an electric utility, including— 
‘‘(i) a rural electric cooperative; 
‘‘(ii) a political subdivision of a State, 
such as a municipally owned electric util-
ity, or any agency, authority, corporation, 
or instrumentality of one or more State po-
litical subdivisions; and 
‘‘(iii) an investor-owned utility; and 
‘‘(F) a private energy storage company 
that is a small business concern (as defined in 
section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
632)). 
‘‘(3) ISLAND MODE.—The term ‘island mode’ 
means a mode in which a distributed generator or 
energy storage system continues to power a location 
in the absence of electric power from the primary 
source. 
‘‘(4) MICROGRID.—The term ‘microgrid’ means 
an integrated energy system consisting of inter-
connected loads and distributed energy resources, in-
cluding generators and energy storage systems, with-
in clearly defined electrical boundaries that— 
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‘‘(A) acts as a single controllable entity 
with respect to the electric grid; 
‘‘(B) can connect to, and disconnect from, 
the electric grid to operate in both grid-con-
nected mode and island mode. 
‘‘(5) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘na-
tional laboratory’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801).’’. 
PART 2—GRID MODERNIZATION RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 5321. SMART GRID REGIONAL DEMONSTRATION INI-
TIATIVE. 
Section 1304 of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17384) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘research, 
development, and demonstration’’ before ‘‘program’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a smart grid regional demonstration initiative 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘Initiative’) 
composed of demonstration projects focused on cost- 
effective, advanced technologies for use in power grid 
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sensing, communications, analysis, power flow con-
trol, visualization, distribution automation, industrial 
control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid 
redesign, and the integration of distributed energy 
resources.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by inserting at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(F) to encourage the commercial applica-
tion of advanced distribution automation tech-
nologies that exert intelligent control over elec-
trical grid functions at the distribution level to 
improve system resilience.’’. 
SEC. 5322. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHI-
TECTURE, AND CONTROLS. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.) is amended by in-
serting after section 1304 the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 1304a. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, AR-
CHITECTURE, AND CONTROLS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a program of research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application on electric grid modeling, sensing, 
visualization, architecture development, and advanced op-
eration and controls. 
‘‘(b) MODELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Secretary shall support development of models of 
emerging technologies and systems to facilitate the secure 
and reliable design, planning, and operation of the electric 
grid for use by industry stakeholders. In particular, the 
Secretary shall support development of— 
‘‘(1) models to analyze and predict the effects 
of adverse physical and cyber events on the electric 
grid; 
‘‘(2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and 
cyber systems; 
‘‘(3) models of existing and emerging tech-
nologies being deployed on the electric grid due to 
projected changes in the electric generation mix and 
loads, for a variety of regional characteristics; and 
‘‘(4) integrated models of the communications, 
transmission, distribution, and other interdependent 
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systems for existing, new, and emerging tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(c) SITUATIONAL AWARENESS RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port development of computational tools and tech-
nologies to improve sensing, monitoring, and visual-
ization of the electric grid for real-time situational 
awareness and decision support tools that enable im-
proved operation of the power system, including util-
ity, non-utility, and customer grid-connected assets, 
for use by industry partners. 
‘‘(2) DATA
USE.—In developing visualization 
capabilities under this section, the Secretary shall 
develop tools for industry stakeholders to use to ana-
lyze data collected from advanced measurement and 
monitoring technologies, including data from phasor 
measurement units and advanced metering units. 
‘‘(3) SEVERE
EVENTS.—The Secretary shall 
prioritize enhancing cyber and physical situational 
awareness of the electric grid during adverse man-
made and naturally-occurring events. 
‘‘(d) ARCHITECTURE.—The Secretary shall conduct 
research in collaboration with industry stakeholders to de-
velop model grid architectures to assist with wide-area 
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transmission and distribution planning that incorporate 
expected changes to the modern electric grid. In sup-
porting the development of model grid architectures, the 
Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) analyze a variety of grid architecture sce-
narios that range from minor upgrades to existing 
transmission grid infrastructure to scenarios that in-
volve the replacement of significant portions of exist-
ing transmission grid infrastructure; 
‘‘(2) analyze the effects of the increasing pro-
liferation of renewable and other zero emissions en-
ergy generation sources, increasing use of distrib-
uted resources owned by non-utility entities, and the 
use of digital and automated controls not managed 
by grid operators; 
‘‘(3) include a variety of new and emerging dis-
tribution grid technologies, including distributed en-
ergy resources, electric vehicle charging stations, dis-
tribution automation technologies, energy storage, 
and renewable energy sources; 
‘‘(4) analyze the effects of local load balancing 
and other forms of decentralized control; 
‘‘(5) analyze the effects of changes to grid ar-
chitectures resulting from modernizing electric grid 
systems, including communications, controls, mar-
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kets, consumer choice, emergency response, elec-
trification, and cybersecurity concerns; and 
‘‘(6) develop integrated grid architectures that 
incorporate system resilience for cyber, physical, and 
communications systems. 
‘‘(e) OPERATION
AND CONTROLS RESEARCH
AND 
DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary shall conduct research to 
develop improvements to the operation and controls of the 
electric grid, in coordination with industry partners. Such 
activities shall include— 
‘‘(1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid 
operators to gain operational experience with ad-
vanced grid control concepts and technologies; 
‘‘(2) development of cost-effective advanced op-
eration and control concepts and technologies, such 
as adaptive islanding, dynamic line rating systems, 
power flow controllers, network topology optimiza-
tion, smart circuit breakers, intelligent load shed-
ding, and fault-tolerant control system architectures; 
‘‘(3) development of real-time control concepts 
using artificial intelligence and machine learning for 
improved electric grid resilience; and 
‘‘(4) utilization of advanced data analytics in-
cluding load forecasting, power flow modeling, equip-
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ment failure prediction, resource optimization, risk 
analysis, and decision analysis. 
‘‘(f) INTEROPERABILITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Secretary shall conduct research and devel-
opment on tools and technologies that improve the inter-
operability and compatibility of new and emerging compo-
nents, technologies, and systems with existing electric grid 
infrastructure. 
‘‘(g) UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBU-
TION LINES.—In carrying out the program under sub-
section (a), the Secretary shall support research and devel-
opment on underground transmission and distribution 
lines. This shall include research on— 
‘‘(1) methods for lowering the costs of under-
ground transmission and distribution lines, including 
through novel installation techniques and materials 
considerations; 
‘‘(2) techniques to improve the lifespan of un-
derground transmission and distribution lines; 
‘‘(3) wireless sensors to improve safety of un-
derground transmission and distribution lines and to 
predict, identify, detect, and transmit information 
about degradation and faults; and 
‘‘(4) methods for improving the resilience and 
reliability of underground transmission and distribu-
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tion lines, including by mitigating the impact of 
flooding, storm surge, and seasonal climate cycles on 
degradation of and damage to underground trans-
mission and distribution lines. 
‘‘(h) COMPUTING RESOURCES AND DATA COORDINA-
TION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) leverage existing computing resources at 
the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(2) develop voluntary standards for data 
taxonomies and communication protocols in coordi-
nation with public and private sector stakeholders; 
and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5327 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(i) INFORMATION SHARING.—None of the activities 
authorized in this section shall require private entities to 
share information or data with the Secretary. 
‘‘(j) RESILIENCE.—In this section, the term ‘resil-
ience’ means the ability to withstand and reduce the mag-
nitude or duration of disruptive events, which includes the 
capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, or rapidly re-
cover from such an event, including from deliberate at-
tacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats or inci-
dents.’’. 
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SEC. 5323. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.), as amended, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1310. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems, including— 
‘‘(1) development of computer modeling to de-
sign different configurations of hybrid energy sys-
tems and to optimize system operation; 
‘‘(2) research on system integration needed to 
plan, design, build, and operate hybrid energy sys-
tems, including interconnection requirements with 
the electric grid; 
‘‘(3) development of hybrid energy systems for 
various applications, including— 
‘‘(A) thermal energy generation and stor-
age for buildings and manufacturing; 
‘‘(B) electricity storage coupled with en-
ergy generation; 
‘‘(C) desalination; 
‘‘(D) production of liquid and gaseous 
fuels; and 
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‘‘(E) production of chemicals such as am-
monia and ethylene; 
‘‘(4) development of testing facilities for hybrid 
energy systems; and 
‘‘(5) research on incorporation of various tech-
nologies for hybrid energy systems, including nuclear 
energy, renewable energy, storage, and carbon cap-
ture, utilization, and sequestration technologies. 
‘‘(b) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a strategic plan that identifies 
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for 
the development and commercial application of hy-
brid energy systems. The strategic plan shall in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) analysis of the potential benefits of 
development of hybrid electric systems on the 
electric grid; 
‘‘(B) analysis of the potential contributions 
of hybrid energy systems to different grid archi-
tecture scenarios; 
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‘‘(C) research and development goals for 
various hybrid energy systems, including those 
identified in subsection (a); 
‘‘(D) assessment of policy and market bar-
riers to the adoption of hybrid energy systems; 
‘‘(E) analysis of the technical and eco-
nomic feasibility of adoption of different hybrid 
energy systems; and 
‘‘(F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the pro-
gram established under subsection (a). 
‘‘(2) UPDATES.—Not less than once every 3 
years for the duration of this research program, the 
Secretary shall submit an updated version of the 
strategic plan to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
the research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application aims of section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations set forth 
in the strategic plan in subsection (b); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department, including— 
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‘‘(A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy; 
‘‘(B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and 
‘‘(C) the Office of Fossil Energy; 
‘‘(3) leverage existing programs and resources 
of the Department; 
‘‘(4) prioritize activities that accelerate the de-
velopment of integrated electricity generation, stor-
age, and distribution systems with net zero green-
house gas emissions; and 
‘‘(5) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(d) HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM DEFINED.—The term 
‘hybrid energy system’ means a system composed of 2 or 
more co-located or jointly operated sub-systems of energy 
generation, energy storage, or other energy technologies.’’. 
SEC. 5324. GRID INTEGRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT. 
(a) 
INTEGRATING
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY
RE-
SOURCES ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.—Section 925(a) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16215) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) 
as paragraphs (12) and (13), respectively; and 
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(2) by inserting after paragraph (9) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(10) the development of cost-effective tech-
nologies that enable two-way information and power 
flow between distributed energy resources and the 
electric grid; 
‘‘(11) the development of technologies and con-
cepts that enable interoperability between distributed 
energy resources and other behind-the-meter devices 
and the electric grid;’’. 
(b) INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle C of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTE-
GRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program on 
technologies that enable integration of renewable energy 
generation sources onto the electric grid across multiple 
program offices of the Department. The program shall in-
clude— 
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‘‘(1) forecasting for predicting generation from 
variable renewable energy sources; 
‘‘(2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long- 
distance transmission lines; and 
‘‘(3) development of cost-effective advanced 
technologies 
for 
variable 
renewable 
generation 
sources to provide grid services. 
‘‘(b) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this program, 
the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(2) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(c) ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall consider barriers to adop-
tion and commercial application of technologies that en-
able integration of renewable energy sources onto the elec-
tric grid, including cost and other economic barriers, and 
shall coordinate with relevant entities to reduce these bar-
riers.’’. 
(c) INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle B of title I of the Energy Inde-
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pendence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTE-
GRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 
research, development, and demonstration program to ad-
vance the integration of electric vehicles, including plug- 
in hybrid electric vehicles, onto the electric grid. 
‘‘(b) VEHICLES-TO-GRID INTEGRATION ASSESSMENT 
REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a study 
that examines the research, development, and demonstra-
tion opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for 
integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid. 
‘‘(1) REPORT
REQUIREMENTS.—The report 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) an evaluation of the use of electric ve-
hicles to maintain the reliability of the electric 
grid, including— 
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‘‘(i) the use of electric vehicles for de-
mand response, load shaping, emergency 
power, and frequency regulation; and 
‘‘(ii) the potential for the reuse of 
spent electric vehicle batteries for sta-
tionary grid storage; 
‘‘(B) the impact of grid integration on 
electric vehicles, including— 
‘‘(i) the impact of bi-directional elec-
tricity flow on battery degradation; and 
‘‘(ii) the implications of the use of 
electric vehicles for grid services on origi-
nal equipment manufacturer warranties; 
‘‘(C) the impacts to the electric grid of in-
creased penetration of electric vehicles, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) the distribution grid infrastruc-
ture needed to support an increase in 
charging capacity; 
‘‘(ii) strategies for integrating electric 
vehicles onto the distribution grid while 
limiting infrastructure upgrades; 
‘‘(iii) the changes in electricity de-
mand over a 24-hour cycle due to electric 
vehicle charging behavior; 
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‘‘(iv) the load increases expected from 
electrifying the transportation sector; 
‘‘(v) the potential for customer incen-
tives and other managed charging stations 
strategies to shift charging off-peak; 
‘‘(vi) the technology needed to achieve 
bi-directional power flow on the distribu-
tion grid; and 
‘‘(vii) the implementation of smart 
charging techniques; 
‘‘(D) research on the standards needed to 
integrate electric vehicles with the grid, includ-
ing communications systems, protocols, and 
charging stations, in collaboration with the Na-
tional Institute for Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(E) the cybersecurity challenges and 
needs associated with electrifying the transpor-
tation sector; and 
‘‘(F) an assessment of the feasibility of 
adopting technologies developed under the pro-
gram established under subsection (a) at De-
partment facilities. 
‘‘(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—As part of the Ve-
hicles-to-Grid Integration Assessment Report, the 
Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide 
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the research, development, and demonstration pro-
gram to integrate electric vehicles onto the electric 
grid. 
‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing this re-
port, the Secretary shall consult with relevant stake-
holders, including— 
‘‘(A) electric vehicle manufacturers; 
‘‘(B) electric utilities; 
‘‘(C) public utility commissions; 
‘‘(D) vehicle battery manufacturers; 
‘‘(E) electric vehicle supply equipment 
manufacturers; 
‘‘(F) charging infrastructure manufactur-
ers; 
‘‘(G) the National Laboratories; and 
‘‘(H) other Federal agencies, as the Sec-
retary determines appropriate. 
‘‘(4) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall update 
the report required under this section every 3 years 
for the duration of the program under section (a) 
and shall submit the updated report to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate. 
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‘‘(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
the research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application aims of section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations set forth 
in the report in subsection (b); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(d) TESTING CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall 
coordinate with the National Laboratories to develop test-
ing capabilities for the evaluation, rapid prototyping, and 
optimization of technologies enabling integration of elec-
tric vehicles onto the electric grid.’’. 
(d) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON INTEGRATING 
BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle B of 
title IV of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17081 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO 
THE ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) BUILDINGS-TO-GRID INTEGRATION REPORT.— 
Not later than 1 year after the enactment of this section, 
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the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the results of a study that examines 
the research, development, and demonstration opportuni-
ties, challenges, and standards needed to enable compo-
nents of commercial and residential buildings to serve as 
dynamic energy loads on and resources for the electric 
grid. 
‘‘(1) REPORT
REQUIREMENTS.—The report 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) an assessment of the technologies 
needed to enable building components as dy-
namic loads on and resources for the electric 
grid, including how such technologies can be— 
‘‘(i) incorporated into new commercial 
and residential buildings; and 
‘‘(ii) retrofitted in older buildings; 
‘‘(B) guidelines for the design of new 
buildings and building components to enable 
modern grid interactivity and improve energy 
efficiency; 
‘‘(C) an assessment of barriers to the 
adoption by building owners of advanced tech-
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nologies enabling greater integration of building 
components onto the electric grid; and 
‘‘(D) an assessment of the feasibility of 
adopting advanced building technologies at De-
partment facilities. 
‘‘(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—As part of the re-
port, the Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap 
to guide the research, development, and demonstra-
tion program to enable components of commercial 
and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy 
loads on and resources for the electric grid. 
‘‘(3) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall update 
the report required under this section every 3 years 
for the duration of the program under subsection (a) 
and shall submit the updated report to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations from the 
report in subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
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lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act.’’. 
SEC. 5325. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.), as amended, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1311. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
an advisory committee (to be known as the ‘Industry Alli-
ance’) to advise the Secretary on the authorization of re-
search, development, and demonstration projects under 
sections 1304 and 1304a. 
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Industry Alliance shall be 
composed of members selected by the Secretary that, as 
a group, are broadly representative of United States elec-
tric grid research, development, infrastructure, operations, 
and manufacturing expertise. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITY.—The Secretary shall annually 
solicit from the Industry Alliance— 
‘‘(1) comments to identify grid modernization 
technology needs; 
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‘‘(2) an assessment of the progress of the re-
search activities on grid modernization; and 
‘‘(3) assistance in annually updating grid mod-
ernization technology roadmaps.’’. 
SEC. 5326. COORDINATION OF EFFORTS. 
In carrying out the amendments made by this part, 
the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant entities to the 
maximum extent practicable, including— 
(1) electric utilities; 
(2) private sector entities; 
(3) representatives of all sectors of the electric 
power industry; 
(4) transmission organizations; 
(5) transmission owners and operators; 
(6) distribution organizations; 
(7) distribution asset owners and operators; 
(8) State, tribal, local, and territorial govern-
ments and regulatory authorities; 
(9) academic institutions; 
(10) the National Laboratories; 
(11) other Federal agencies; 
(12) nonprofit organizations; 
(13) the Federal Energy Regulatory Commis-
sion; 
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(14) the North American Reliability Corpora-
tion; 
(15) independent system operators; and 
(16) programs and program offices at the De-
partment. 
SEC. 5327. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS; AUTHORIZATION OF 
APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) ENERGY
INDEPENDENCE
AND
SECURITY 
ACT OF 2007.—Section 1(b) of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 is amended in 
the table of contents— 
(A) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 136: 
‘‘Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles onto the 
electric grid.’’; 
(B) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 425: 
‘‘Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric grid.’’; 
(C) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 1304: 
‘‘Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls.’’; 
and 
(D) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 1309: 
‘‘Sec. 1310. Hybrid energy systems. 
‘‘Sec. 1311. Industry Alliance.’’. 
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(2) ENERGY
POLICY
ACT
OF 2005.—Section 
1(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended 
in the table of contents by inserting the following 
after the item related to section 935: 
‘‘Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy onto 
the electric grid.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated— 
(1) to carry out sections 5325 and 5326 and 
the amendments made by sections 5321 and 5322 of 
this part— 
(A) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $185,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
(E) $199,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(2) to carry out section 5323 of this part— 
(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $23,153,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $24,310,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $25,525,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
(3) to carry out section 5324 of this part— 
(A) $52,500,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $55,152,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
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(C) $57,882,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $60,775,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $63,814,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
PART 3—GRID SECURITY RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 5341. AMENDMENT TO ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND 
SECURITY ACT OF 2007. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title XIII of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et 
seq.), as amended by this Act, is further amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1312. ENERGY SECTOR SECURITY RESEARCH, DEVEL-
OPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with appropriate Federal agencies, the Electricity Sub-
sector Coordinating Council, the Electric Reliability Orga-
nization, State, tribal, local, and territorial governments, 
the private sector, and other relevant stakeholders, shall 
carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro-
gram to protect the electric grid and energy systems, in-
cluding assets connected to the distribution grid, from 
cyber and physical attacks by increasing the cyber and 
physical security capabilities of the energy sector and ac-
celerating the development of relevant technologies and 
tools. 
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‘‘(b) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—As part of the ini-
tiative described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
award research, development, and demonstration grants 
to— 
‘‘(1) identify cybersecurity risks to the elec-
tricity sector, energy systems, and energy infrastruc-
ture; 
‘‘(2) develop methods and tools to rapidly detect 
cyber intrusions and cybersecurity incidents, includ-
ing through the use of data and big data analytics 
techniques, such as intrusion detection, and security 
information and event management systems, to vali-
date and verify system behavior; 
‘‘(3) assess emerging cybersecurity capabilities 
that could be applied to energy systems and develop 
technologies that integrate cybersecurity features 
and procedures into the design and development of 
existing and emerging grid technologies, including 
renewable energy, storage, and demand-side manage-
ment technologies; 
‘‘(4) identify existing vulnerabilities in intel-
ligent electronic devices, advanced analytics systems, 
and information systems; 
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‘‘(5) work with relevant entities to develop tech-
nologies or concepts that build or retrofit cybersecu-
rity features and procedures into— 
‘‘(A) information and energy management 
system devices, components, software, firmware, 
and hardware, including distributed control and 
management systems, and building manage-
ment systems; 
‘‘(B) data storage systems, data manage-
ment systems, and data analysis processes; 
‘‘(C) automated- and manually-controlled 
devices and equipment for monitoring and sta-
bilizing the electric grid; 
‘‘(D) technologies used to synchronize time 
and develop guidance for operational contin-
gency plans when time synchronization tech-
nologies, are compromised; 
‘‘(E) power system delivery and end user 
systems and devices that connect to the grid, 
including— 
‘‘(i) 
meters, 
phasor 
measurement 
units, and other sensors; 
‘‘(ii) distribution automation tech-
nologies, smart inverters, and other grid 
control technologies; 
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‘‘(iii) distributed generation, energy 
storage, and other distributed energy tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(iv) demand response technologies; 
‘‘(v) home and building energy man-
agement and control systems; 
‘‘(vi) electric and plug-in hybrid vehi-
cles and electric vehicle charging systems; 
and 
‘‘(vii) other relevant devices, software, 
firmware, and hardware; and 
‘‘(F) the supply chain of electric grid man-
agement system components; 
‘‘(6) develop technologies that improve the 
physical security of information systems, including 
remote assets; 
‘‘(7) integrate human factors research into the 
design and development of advanced tools and proc-
esses for dynamic monitoring, detection, protection, 
mitigation, response, and cyber situational aware-
ness; 
‘‘(8) evaluate and understand the potential con-
sequences of practices used to maintain the cyberse-
curity of information systems and intelligent elec-
tronic devices; 
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‘‘(9) develop or expand the capabilities of exist-
ing cybersecurity test beds to simulate impacts of 
cyber attacks and combined cyber-physical attacks 
on information systems and electronic devices, in-
cluding by increasing access to existing and emerg-
ing test beds for cooperative utilities, utilities owned 
by a political subdivision of a State, such as munici-
pally-owned electric utilities, and other relevant 
stakeholders; and 
‘‘(10) develop technologies that reduce the cost 
of implementing effective cybersecurity technologies 
and tools, including updates to these technologies 
and tools, in the energy sector. 
‘‘(c) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—The Na-
tional Science Foundation, in coordination with other Fed-
eral agencies, shall through its cybersecurity research and 
development programs— 
‘‘(1) support basic research to advance knowl-
edge, 
applications, 
technologies, 
and 
tools 
to 
strengthen the cybersecurity of information systems 
that support the electric grid and energy systems, 
including interdisciplinary research in— 
‘‘(A) evolutionary systems, theories, mathe-
matics, and models; 
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‘‘(B) economic and financial theories, 
mathematics, and models; and 
‘‘(C) big data analytical methods, mathe-
matics, computer coding, and algorithms; and 
‘‘(2) support cybersecurity education and train-
ing focused on information systems for the electric 
grid and energy workforce, including through the 
Advanced Technological Education program, the 
Cybercorps program, graduate research fellowships, 
and other appropriate programs. 
‘‘SEC. 1313. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in coordina-
tion with appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish a 
research, development, and demonstration program to en-
hance resilience and strengthen emergency response and 
management pertaining to the energy sector. 
‘‘(b) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall award grants to 
eligible entities under subsection (c) on a competitive basis 
to conduct research and development with the purpose of 
improving the resilience and reliability of electric grid by— 
‘‘(1) developing methods to improve community 
and governmental preparation for and emergency re-
sponse to large-area, long-duration electricity inter-
ruptions, including through the use of energy effi-
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ciency, storage, and distributed generation tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(2) developing tools to help utilities and com-
munities ensure the continuous delivery of electricity 
to critical facilities; 
‘‘(3) developing tools to improve coordination 
between utilities and relevant Federal agencies to 
enable communication, information-sharing, and sit-
uational awareness in the event of a physical or 
cyber-attack on the electric grid; 
‘‘(4) developing technologies and capabilities to 
withstand and address the current and projected im-
pact of the changing climate on energy sector infra-
structure, including extreme weather events other 
natural disasters, and wildfires; 
‘‘(5) developing technologies capable of early 
detection of malfunctioning electrical equipment on 
the transmission and distribution grid, including de-
tection of spark ignition causing wildfires and risks 
of vegetation contact; 
‘‘(6) assessing upgrades and additions needed 
to energy sector infrastructure due to projected 
changes in the energy generation mix and energy de-
mand; 
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‘‘(7) upgrading tools used to estimate the costs 
of outages longer than 24 hours; and 
‘‘(8) developing tools and technologies to assist 
with the planning, safe execution of, and safe and 
timely restoration of power after emergency power 
shut offs, such as those conducted to reduce risks of 
wildfires started by grid infrastructure. 
‘‘(c) CONCURRENT AND CO-LOCATED DISASTERS.— 
In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Sec-
retary shall support research and development on tools, 
techniques, and technologies for improving electric grid 
and energy sector safety and resilience in the event of mul-
tiple simultaneous or co-located weather or climate events 
leading to extreme conditions, such as extreme wind, 
wildfires, and extreme heat. 
‘‘(d) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The entities eligible to 
receive grants under this section include— 
‘‘(1) an institution of higher education, includ-
ing a historically Black college or university and a 
minority-serving institution. 
‘‘(2) a nonprofit organization; 
‘‘(3) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government; 
‘‘(5) an electric utility or electric cooperative; 
‘‘(6) a retail service provider of electricity; 
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‘‘(7) a private commercial entity; 
‘‘(8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more 
entities described in subparagraphs (1) through (7); 
and 
‘‘(9) any other entities the Secretary deems ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(e) RELEVANT ACTIVITIES.—Grants awarded under 
subsection (b) shall include funding for research and de-
velopment activities related to the purpose described in 
subsection (b), such as— 
‘‘(1) development of technologies to use distrib-
uted energy resources, such as solar photovoltaics, 
energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and 
microgrids, to improve grid and critical end-user re-
silience; 
‘‘(2) analysis of non-technical barriers to great-
er integration and use of technologies on the dis-
tribution grid; 
‘‘(3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration 
electricity interruptions to identify common elements 
and best practices for electricity restoration, mitiga-
tion, and prevention of future disruptions; 
‘‘(4) development of advanced monitoring, ana-
lytics, operation, and controls of electric grid sys-
tems to improve electric grid resilience; 
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‘‘(5) analysis of technologies, methods, and con-
cepts that can improve community resilience and 
survivability of frequent or long-duration power out-
ages; 
‘‘(6) development of methodologies to maintain 
cybersecurity during restoration of energy sector in-
frastructure and operation; 
‘‘(7) development of advanced power flow con-
trol systems and components to improve electric grid 
resilience; and 
‘‘(8) any other relevant activities determined by 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(f) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with relevant Federal agencies, shall provide 
technical assistance to eligible entities for the com-
mercial application of technologies to improve the re-
silience of the electric grid and commercial applica-
tion of technologies to help entities develop plans for 
preventing and recovering from various power out-
age scenarios at the local, regional, and State level. 
‘‘(2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.—The 
commercial application technical assistance program 
established in paragraph (1) shall include assistance 
to eligible entities for— 
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‘‘(A) the commercial application of tech-
nologies developed from the grant program es-
tablished in subsection (b), including coopera-
tive utilities and utilities owned by a political 
subdivision of a State, such as municipally- 
owned electric utilities; 
‘‘(B) the development of methods to 
strengthen or otherwise mitigate adverse im-
pacts on electric grid infrastructure against 
natural hazards; 
‘‘(C) the use of Department data and mod-
eling tools for various purposes; 
‘‘(D) a resource assessment and analysis of 
future demand and distribution requirements, 
including development of advanced grid archi-
tectures and risk analysis; 
‘‘(E) the development of tools and tech-
nologies to coordinate data across relevant enti-
ties to promote resilience and wildfire preven-
tion in the planning, design, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of transmission infra-
structure; 
‘‘(F) analysis to predict the likelihood of 
extreme weather events to inform the planning, 
design, construction, operation, and mainte-
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nance of transmission infrastructure in con-
sultation with the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration; and 
‘‘(G) the commercial application of rel-
evant technologies, such as distributed energy 
resources, microgrids, or other energy tech-
nologies, to establish backup power for users or 
facilities affected by emergency power shutoffs. 
‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The entities eligible 
to receive technical assistance for commercial appli-
cation of technologies under this section include— 
‘‘(A) representatives of all sectors of the 
electric power industry, including electric utili-
ties, trade organizations, and transmission and 
distribution system organizations, owners, and 
operators; 
‘‘(B) State and local governments and reg-
ulatory authorities, including public utility com-
missions; 
‘‘(C) tribal and Alaska Native govern-
mental entities; 
‘‘(D) partnerships among entities under 
subparagraphs (A) through (C); 
‘‘(E) regional partnerships; and 
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‘‘(F) any other entities the Secretary 
deems appropriate. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this section shall 
authorize the Secretary to require any entity to 
adopt any model, tool, technology, plan, analysis, or 
assessment. 
‘‘SEC. 1314. BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS 
FOR ENERGY SECTOR CYBERSECURITY RE-
SEARCH. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with appropriate Federal agencies, the Electricity Sub-
sector Coordinating Council, standards development orga-
nizations, State, tribal, local, and territorial governments, 
the private sector, public utility commissions, and other 
relevant stakeholders, shall coordinate the development of 
guidance documents for research, development, and dem-
onstration activities to improve the cybersecurity capabili-
ties of the energy sector through participating agencies. 
As part of these activities, the Secretary, in consultation 
with relevant Federal agencies, shall— 
‘‘(1) facilitate stakeholder involvement to up-
date— 
‘‘(A) the Roadmap to Achieve Energy De-
livery Systems Cybersecurity; 
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‘‘(B) the Cybersecurity Procurement Lan-
guage for Energy Delivery Systems, including 
developing guidance for— 
‘‘(i) contracting with third parties to 
conduct vulnerability testing for informa-
tion systems used across the energy pro-
duction, delivery, storage, and end use sys-
tems; 
‘‘(ii) contracting with third parties 
that utilize transient devices to access in-
formation systems; and 
‘‘(iii) managing supply chain risks; 
and 
‘‘(C) the Electricity Subsector Cybersecu-
rity Capability Maturity Model, including the 
development of metrics to measure changes in 
cybersecurity readiness; and 
‘‘(2) develop voluntary guidance to improve dig-
ital forensic analysis capabilities, including— 
‘‘(A) developing standardized terminology 
and monitoring processes; and 
‘‘(B) utilizing human factors research to 
develop more effective procedures for logging 
incident events; and 
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‘‘(3) develop a mechanism to anonymize, aggre-
gate, and share the testing results from cybersecu-
rity test beds to facilitate technology improvements 
by public and private sector researchers. 
‘‘(b) BEST PRACTICES.—The Secretary, in collabora-
tion with the Director of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology, the Director of the Cybersecurity 
and Infrastructure Security Agency, and other appropriate 
Federal agencies, shall convene relevant stakeholders and 
facilitate the development of— 
‘‘(1) consensus-based best practices to improve 
cybersecurity for— 
‘‘(A) emerging energy technologies; 
‘‘(B) distributed generation and storage 
technologies, and other distributed energy re-
sources; 
‘‘(C) electric vehicles and electric vehicle 
charging stations; and 
‘‘(D) other technologies and devices that 
connect to the electric grid; 
‘‘(2) recommended cybersecurity designs and 
technical requirements that can be used by the pri-
vate sector to design and build interoperable cyber-
security features into technologies that connect to 
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the electric grid, including networked devices and 
components on distribution systems; and 
‘‘(3) technical analysis that can be used by the 
private sector in developing best practices for test 
beds and test bed methodologies that will enable re-
producible testing of cybersecurity protections for in-
formation systems, electronic devices, and other rel-
evant components, software, and hardware across 
test beds. 
‘‘(c) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—None of the activi-
ties authorized in this section shall be construed to author-
ize regulatory actions. Additionally, the voluntary stand-
ards developed under this section shall not duplicate or 
conflict with mandatory reliability standards. 
‘‘SEC. 1315. VULNERABILITY TESTING AND TECHNICAL AS-
SISTANCE TO IMPROVE CYBERSECURITY. 
‘‘The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with appropriate Federal agen-
cies and energy sector asset owners and operators, 
leveraging the research facilities and expertise of the 
National Laboratories, to assist entities in devel-
oping testing capabilities by— 
‘‘(A) utilizing a range of methods to iden-
tify vulnerabilities in physical and cyber sys-
tems; 
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‘‘(B) developing cybersecurity risk assess-
ment tools and providing analyses and rec-
ommendations to participating stakeholders; 
and 
‘‘(C) working with appropriate Federal 
agencies and stakeholders to develop methods to 
share anonymized and aggregated test results 
to assist relevant stakeholders in the energy 
sector, researchers, and the private sector to 
advance cybersecurity efforts, technologies, and 
tools; 
‘‘(2) in coordination with appropriate Federal 
agencies, collaborate with relevant stakeholders, in-
cluding public utility commissions, to— 
‘‘(A) identify information, research, staff 
training, and analytical tools needed to evaluate 
cybersecurity issues and challenges in the en-
ergy sector; and 
‘‘(B) facilitate the sharing of information 
and the development of tools identified under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(3) coordinate with tribal governments to iden-
tify information, research, and analysis tools needed 
by tribal governments to increase the cybersecurity 
of energy assets within their jurisdiction. 
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‘‘SEC. 1316. EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE TRAINING RE-
SEARCH AND STANDARDS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support the 
development of an energy sector cybersecurity workforce 
through a program that— 
‘‘(1) facilitates collaboration between under-
graduate and graduate students, researchers at the 
National Laboratories, and the civilian energy sec-
tor; 
‘‘(2) prioritizes science and technology in areas 
relevant to the mission of the Department of Energy 
through the design and application of cybersecurity 
technologies for the energy sector; 
‘‘(3) develops, or facilitates private sector devel-
opment of, voluntary cybersecurity training and re-
training standards, lessons, and recommendations 
for the energy sector that minimize duplication of 
cybersecurity compliance training programs; and 
‘‘(4) maintains a public database of energy sec-
tor cybersecurity education, training, and certifi-
cation programs. 
‘‘(b) GRID RESILIENCE TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.— 
The Secretary shall support the development of the grid 
workforce through a training program that prioritizes ac-
tivities that enhance the resilience of the electric grid and 
energy sector infrastructure, including training on the use 
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of tools, technologies, and methods developed under the 
grant program established in section 1313(b). 
‘‘(c) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the program 
authorized in subsection (a) and (b), the Secretary shall 
coordinate with appropriate Federal agencies and leverage 
programs and activities carried out across the Department 
of Energy, other relevant Federal agencies, institutions of 
higher education, and other appropriate entities best suit-
ed to provide national leadership on cybersecurity and grid 
resilience-related issues. 
‘‘SEC. 1317. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND STRATEGIC 
PLAN FOR ENERGY SECTOR CYBERSECURITY 
RESEARCH. 
‘‘(a) DUTIES.—The Secretary, in coordination with 
appropriate Federal agencies and the Energy Sector Gov-
ernment Coordinating Council, shall— 
‘‘(1) review the most recent versions of the 
Roadmap to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems Cy-
bersecurity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for 
Energy Sector Cybersecurity to identify crosscutting 
energy sector cybersecurity research needs and op-
portunities for collaboration among Federal agencies 
and other relevant stakeholders; 
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‘‘(2) identify interdisciplinary research, tech-
nology, and tools that can be applied to cybersecu-
rity challenges in the energy sector; 
‘‘(3) identify technology transfer opportunities 
to accelerate the development and commercial appli-
cation of novel cybersecurity technologies, systems, 
and processes in the energy sector; and 
‘‘(4) develop a coordinated Interagency Stra-
tegic Plan for research to advance cybersecurity ca-
pabilities used in the energy sector that builds on 
the Roadmap to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems in 
Cybersecurity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for 
Energy Sector Cybersecurity. 
‘‘(b) INTERAGENCY STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) SUBMITTAL.—The Interagency Strategic 
Plan developed under subsection (a)(4) shall be sub-
mitted to Congress and made public within 12 
months after the date of enactment of this section. 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The Interagency Strategic 
Plan shall include— 
‘‘(A) an analysis of how existing cybersecu-
rity research efforts across the Federal Govern-
ment are advancing the goals of the Roadmap 
to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems Cybersecu-
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rity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for En-
ergy Sector Cybersecurity; 
‘‘(B) recommendations for research areas 
that may advance the cybersecurity of the en-
ergy sector; 
‘‘(C) an overview of existing and proposed 
public and private sector research efforts that 
address the topics outlined in paragraph (3); 
and 
‘‘(D) an overview of needed support for 
workforce training in cybersecurity for the en-
ergy sector. 
‘‘(3) 
CONSIDERATIONS.—In 
developing 
the 
Interagency Strategic Plan, the Secretary, in coordi-
nation with appropriate Federal agencies and the 
Energy Sector Government Coordinating Council, 
shall consider— 
‘‘(A) opportunities for human factors re-
search to improve the design and effectiveness 
of cybersecurity devices, technologies, tools, 
processes, and training programs; 
‘‘(B) contributions of other disciplines to 
the development of innovative cybersecurity pro-
cedures, devices, components, technologies, and 
tools; 
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‘‘(C) opportunities for technology transfer 
programs to facilitate private sector develop-
ment of cybersecurity procedures, devices, com-
ponents, technologies, and tools for the energy 
sector; and 
‘‘(D) broader applications of the work done 
by relevant Federal agencies to advance the cy-
bersecurity of information systems and data 
analytics systems for the energy sector. 
‘‘(c) PARTICIPATION.—For the purposes of carrying 
out this section, the Energy Sector Government Coordi-
nating Council shall include representatives from Federal 
agencies with expertise in the energy sector, information 
systems, data analytics, cyber and physical systems, engi-
neering, human factors research, human-machine inter-
faces, high performance computing, big data and data 
analytics, or other disciplines considered appropriate by 
the Council Chair. 
‘‘SEC. 1318. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 
‘‘(a) STUDY.—The Secretary, in collaboration with 
appropriate Federal agencies and energy sector stake-
holders, in order to provide recommendations for addi-
tional research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application activities, shall— 
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‘‘(1) analyze physical and cyber attacks on in-
frastructure related to energy functions in the en-
ergy sector and identify cost-effective opportunities 
to improve physical and cyber security for such in-
frastructure; and 
‘‘(2) examine the risks associated with increas-
ing penetration of digital technologies in grid net-
works, particularly on the distribution grid. 
‘‘(b) CONTENT.—The study shall— 
‘‘(1) analyze processes, operational procedures, 
and other factors common among cyber attacks; 
‘‘(2) identify areas where human behavior plays 
a critical role in maintaining or compromising the 
security of a system; 
‘‘(3) recommend— 
‘‘(A) changes to the design of devices, 
human-machine interfaces, technologies, tools, 
processes, or procedures to optimize security 
that do not require a change in human behav-
ior; and 
‘‘(B) training techniques to increase the 
capacity of employees to actively identify, pre-
vent, or neutralize the impact of cyber attacks; 
‘‘(4) evaluate existing engineering and technical 
design criteria and guidelines that incorporate 
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human factors research findings, and recommend 
criteria and guidelines for cybersecurity tools that 
can be used to develop display systems for cyberse-
curity monitoring, such as alarms, user-friendly dis-
plays, and layouts; 
‘‘(5) evaluate the cybersecurity risks and bene-
fits of various design and architecture options for 
energy sector systems, networked grid systems and 
components, and automation systems, including con-
sideration of— 
‘‘(A) designs that include both digital and 
analog control devices and technologies; 
‘‘(B) different communication technologies 
used to transfer information and data between 
control system devices, technologies, and system 
operators; 
‘‘(C) automated and human-in-the-loop de-
vices and technologies; 
‘‘(D) programmable versus nonprogram-
mable devices and technologies; 
‘‘(E) increased redundancy using dissimilar 
cybersecurity technologies; and 
‘‘(F) grid architectures that use autono-
mous functions to limit control vulnerabilities; 
and 
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‘‘(6) recommend methods or metrics to docu-
ment changes in risks associated with system de-
signs and architectures. 
‘‘(c) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the study, the 
Secretary shall consult with energy sector stakeholders, 
academic researchers, the private sector, and other rel-
evant stakeholders. 
‘‘(d) REPORT.—Not later than 24 months after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall sub-
mit the study to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. 
‘‘SEC. 1319. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘For purposes of sections 1312 through 1318: 
‘‘(1) BIG DATA.—The term ‘big data’ means 
datasets that require advanced analytical methods 
for their transformation into useful information. 
‘‘(2) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNI-
VERSITY.—The term ‘historically Black college or 
university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B 
institution’ in section 322(2) of the HIgher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (29 U.S.C. 106(2)). 
‘‘(3) HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH.—The term 
‘human factors research’ means research on human 
performance in social and physical environments, 
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and on the integration and interaction of humans 
with physical systems and computer hardware and 
software. 
‘‘(4) HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES.—The term 
‘human-machine interfaces’ means technologies that 
present information to an operator or user about the 
state of a process or system, or accept human in-
structions to implement an action, including visual-
ization displays such as a graphical user interface. 
‘‘(5) MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘minority-serving institution’ means an eligible 
institution under section 371(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
‘‘(6) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘na-
tional laboratory’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801). 
‘‘(7) SECURITY
VULNERABILITY.—The term 
‘security vulnerability’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 102 of the Cybersecurity Information 
Sharing Act of 2015 (6 U.S.C. 1501). 
‘‘(8) TRANSIENT
DEVICES.—The term ‘tran-
sient devices’ means removable media, including 
floppy disks, compact disks, USB flash drives, exter-
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nal hard drives, mobile devices, and other devices 
that utilize wireless connections.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the amend-
ments made by subsection (a)— 
(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(2) $157,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(3) $165,375,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(4) $173,645,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(5) $182,325,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
SEC. 5342. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
carry out a program of research, development, and dem-
onstration of technologies and tools to help ensure the re-
silience and security of critical infrastructure. 
(b) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall leverage expertise 
and resources of and coordinate with— 
(1) relevant programs and activities across the 
Department of Energy; and 
(2) other relevant Federal agencies. 
(c) ENERGY SECTOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 
TEST FACILITY.—In carrying out the program under sub-
section (a), the Secretary, in consultation with other ap-
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propriate Federal agencies, shall establish and operate an 
Energy Sector Critical Infrastructure Test Facility (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Test Facility’’) that allows 
for scalable physical and cyber performance testing to be 
conducted on industry-scale energy sector critical infra-
structure systems. This facility shall include a focus on— 
(1) cybersecurity test beds; and 
(2) electric grid test beds. 
(d) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall select the Test 
Facility under this section on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications 
from National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appro-
priate entities. 
(e) DURATION.—The Test Facility established under 
this section shall receive support for a period of not more 
than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
(f) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any period of 
support of the Test Facility, the Secretary may renew sup-
port for the Test Facility, on a merit-reviewed basis, for 
a period of not more than 5 years. 
(g) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing au-
thorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate 
the Test Facility for cause during the performance period. 
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(h) CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEFINED.—The 
term ‘‘critical infrastructure’’ means infrastructure that 
the Secretary determines to be vital to socioeconomic ac-
tivities such that, if destroyed or damaged, such destruc-
tion or damage could cause substantial disruption to such 
socioeconomic activities. 
(i) CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND MICROGRID RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall establish a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to im-
prove the energy resilience of critical infrastructure, in-
cluding through the use of microgrids, during extreme 
weather events including extreme heat and wildfires. This 
program shall focus on developing technologies that— 
(1) improve the energy resilience and meet the 
power needs of critical infrastructure, including 
through the use of microgrids, renewable energy, en-
ergy efficiency, and on-site storage; 
(2) improve the energy efficiency of critical in-
frastructure; 
(3) decrease the size and cost of on-site backup 
generators for critical infrastructure; 
(4) provide on-site back-up power with renew-
able and low-carbon liquid fuels; and 
(5) ensure the safe power up and power down 
of critical infrastructure when necessary, as well as 
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the transfer to backup sources of power for uninter-
rupted electricity supply, including the use of 
microgrids. 
SEC. 5343. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. 
Section 1(b) of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 is amended in the table of contents by 
adding after the matter relating to section 1311 (as added 
by this Act) the following: 
‘‘Sec. 1312. Energy sector security research, development, and demonstration 
program. 
‘‘Sec. 1313. Grid resilience and emergency response. 
‘‘Sec. 1314. Best practices and guidance documents for energy sector cyberse-
curity research. 
‘‘Sec. 1315. Vulnerability testing and technical assistance to improve cybersecu-
rity. 
‘‘Sec. 1316. Education and workforce training research and standards. 
‘‘Sec. 1317. Interagency coordination and strategic plan for energy sector cy-
bersecurity research. 
‘‘Sec. 1318. Report to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 1319. Definitions.’’. 
Subtitle D—Tribal Energy 
SEC. 5401. INDIAN ENERGY. 
(a) DEFINITION OF INDIAN LAND.—Section 2601(2) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3501(2)) 
is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘land.’’ 
and inserting ‘‘land;’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following subpara-
graphs: 
‘‘(D) any land located in a census tract in 
which the majority of residents are Natives (as 
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defined in section 3(b) of the Alaska Native 
Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b))); 
and 
‘‘(E) any land located in a census tract in 
which the majority of residents are persons who 
are enrolled members of a federally recognized 
Tribe or village.’’. 
(b) 
REDUCTION
OF
COST
SHARE.—Section 
2602(b)(5) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 
3502(b)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
subparagraphs: 
‘‘(D) The Secretary of Energy may reduce any 
applicable cost share required of an Indian tribe, 
intertribal organization, or tribal energy development 
organization in order to receive a grant under this 
subsection to not less than 10 percent if the Indian 
tribe, intertribal organization, or tribal energy devel-
opment organization meets criteria developed by the 
Secretary of Energy, including financial need. 
‘‘(E) Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352) shall not apply to assist-
ance provided under this subsection.’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION.—Section 2602(b)(7) of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3502(b)(7)) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 
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through 2016’’ and inserting ‘‘$30,000,000 for each of fis-
cal years 2021 through 2025’’. 
SEC. 5402. REPORT ON ELECTRICITY ACCESS AND RELI-
ABILITY. 
(a) ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
conduct an assessment of the status of access to electricity 
by households residing in Tribal communities or on Indian 
land, and the reliability of electric service available to 
households residing in Tribal communities or on Indian 
land, as compared to the status of access to and reliability 
of electricity within neighboring States or within the State 
in which Indian land is located. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
consult with Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the 
North American Electricity Reliability Corporation, and 
the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in the devel-
opment and conduct of the assessment under subsection 
(a). Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations shall have the 
opportunity to review and make recommendations regard-
ing the development of the assessment and the findings 
of the assessment, prior to the submission of the report 
under subsection (c). 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy 
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
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of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on 
the results of the assessment conducted under subsection 
(a), which shall include— 
(1) a description of generation, transmission, 
and distribution assets available to provide electricity 
to households residing in Tribal communities or on 
Indian land; 
(2) a survey of the retail and wholesale prices 
of electricity available to households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land; 
(3) a description of participation of Tribal 
members in the electric utility workforce, including 
the workforce for construction and maintenance of 
renewable energy resources and distributed energy 
resources; 
(4) the percentage of households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land that do not 
have access to electricity; 
(5) the potential of distributed energy resources 
to provide electricity to households residing in Tribal 
communities or on Indian land; 
(6) the potential for tribally-owned electric utili-
ties or electric utility assets to participate in or ben-
efit from regional electricity markets; 
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(7) a description of the barriers to providing ac-
cess to electric service to households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land; and 
(8) recommendations to improve access to and 
reliability of electric service for households residing 
in Tribal communities or on Indian land. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘Tribal mem-
ber’’ means a person who is an enrolled member of 
a federally recognized Tribe or village. 
(2) TRIBAL
COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
community’’ means a community in a United States 
census tract in which the majority of residents are 
persons who are enrolled members of a federally rec-
ognized Tribe or village. 
Subtitle E—Utility Resilience and 
Reliability 
SEC. 5501. RELIABILITY OF BULK-POWER SYSTEM IN 
CHANGING CONDITIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this paragraph, the Electric Reli-
ability Organization shall file with the Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission a proposed reliability standard, 
under section 215(d) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
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824o(d)), that addresses the reliability of the bulk-power 
system and suggestions for how to— 
(1) prepare for and adapt to changing condi-
tions; and 
(2) withstand and rapidly recover from disrup-
tions, including disruptions caused by extreme 
weather conditions. 
(b) REGIONAL DIFFERENCES.—The proposed reli-
ability standard filed under subsection (a) shall take into 
account regional differences. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘‘bulk- 
power system’’, ‘‘Electric Reliability Organization’’, and 
‘‘reliability standard’’ have the meanings given those 
terms in section 215 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
824o). 
SEC. 5502. ELECTRIC GRID RESILIENCE EDUCATION PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy 
shall establish a program to provide information and rec-
ommendations to States and electric utilities on how to 
improve the resilience of electric grids in regards to cli-
mate change and extreme weather events. 
(b) ELECTRIC UTILITY DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘electric utility’’ has the meaning given such 
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term in section 3 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
796). 
SEC. 5503. REPORT ON PLANNED ELECTRIC POWER OUT-
AGES DUE TO EXTREME WEATHER CONDI-
TIONS. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to 
Congress a report, and publish such report on the website 
of the Department of Energy, that provides recommenda-
tions on how to minimize the need for, effects of, and du-
ration of, planned electric power outages that are due to 
extreme weather conditions, including such conditions 
under which the National Weather Service issues a red 
flag warning. 
TITLE VI—TRANSPORTATION 
Subtitle A—Diesel Emissions 
Reduction 
SEC. 6101. REAUTHORIZATION OF DIESEL EMISSIONS RE-
DUCTION PROGRAM. 
Section 797(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16137(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘$100,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2016’’ and inserting 
‘‘$500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
2025’’. 
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Subtitle B—Clean School Bus 
Program 
SEC. 6201. REAUTHORIZATION OF CLEAN SCHOOL BUS PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.— 
(1) ALTERNATIVE FUEL.—Section 741(a)(2) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(a)) 
is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘or’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) electricity.’’. 
(2) CLEAN
SCHOOL
BUS.—Paragraph (3) of 
section 741(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(a)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(3) CLEAN
SCHOOL
BUS.—The term ‘clean 
school bus’ means— 
‘‘(A) a school bus (as the term ‘schoolbus’ 
is defined in section 30125(a) of title 49, 
United States Code) that— 
‘‘(i) is operated solely on an alter-
native fuel; and 
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‘‘(ii) meets or exceeds Federal vehicle 
emission standards for medium-duty pas-
senger vehicles applicable to the model 
year in which the school bus is manufac-
tured; or 
‘‘(B) a zero-emission school bus.’’. 
(3) OTHER
DEFINITIONS.—Section 741(a) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091(a)), as amended, is further amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), 
and (6) as paragraphs (5), (9), and (10), re-
spectively; 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 
following: 
‘‘(4) COMMUNITY OF COLOR.—The term ‘com-
munity of color’ means any geographically distinct 
area the population of color of which is higher than 
the average population of color of the State in which 
the community is located.’’; 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (5), as re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(6) INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY.—The term ‘in-
digenous community’ means— 
‘‘(A) a federally recognized Indian Tribe; 
‘‘(B) a State-recognized Indian Tribe; 
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‘‘(C) an Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian 
community or organization; and 
‘‘(D) any other community of indigenous 
people, including communities in other coun-
tries. 
‘‘(7) LOW
INCOME.—The term ‘low income’ 
means an annual household income equal to, or less 
than, the greater of— 
‘‘(A) an amount equal to 80 percent of the 
median income of the area in which the house-
hold is located, as reported by the Department 
of Housing and Urban Development; and 
‘‘(B) 200 percent of the Federal poverty 
line. 
‘‘(8) LOW-INCOME
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘low-income community’ means any census block 
group in which 30 percent or more of the population 
are individuals with low income.’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(11) ZERO-EMISSION SCHOOL BUS.—The term 
‘zero-emission school bus’ means a school bus (as 
the term ‘schoolbus’ is defined in section 30125(a) 
of title 49, United States Code) with a drivetrain 
that produces, under any possible operational mode 
or condition, zero exhaust emission of— 
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‘‘(A) any air pollutant that is listed pursu-
ant to section 108(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7407(a)) (or any precursor to such an 
air pollutant); or 
‘‘(B) any greenhouse gas.’’. 
(b) PROGRAM FOR RETROFIT OR REPLACEMENT OF 
CERTAIN
EXISTING
SCHOOL
BUSES
WITH
CLEAN 
SCHOOL BUSES.— 
(1) NATIONAL GRANT, REBATE, AND LOAN PRO-
GRAMS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 741(b)(1)(A) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091(b)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after 
‘‘awarding grants’’ the following: ‘‘, rebates, 
and low-cost revolving loans, as determined by 
the Administrator, including through contracts 
pursuant to subsection (d),’’. 
(B) CONFORMING CHANGES.—Section 741 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(4)(B), by striking 
‘‘grant 
funds’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘award 
funds’’; 
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(ii) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by strik-
ing ‘‘awarding grants’’ each place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘making awards’’; 
(iii) in the heading of subsection 
(b)(2), by striking ‘‘GRANT APPLICATIONS’’ 
and inserting ‘‘AWARD APPLICATIONS’’; 
(iv) in subsection (b)(2)(A), by strik-
ing ‘‘grant applications’’ and inserting 
‘‘award applications’’; 
(v) in subsection (b)(3)(A), by strik-
ing ‘‘grant’’ and insert ‘‘award’’; 
(vi) and (b)(4)— 
(I) in the paragraph heading, by 
striking 
‘‘GRANTS’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘AWARDS’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘award grants’’ 
and inserting ‘‘make awards’’; 
(vii) in subsection (b)(7)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘grant awards’’ 
and inserting ‘‘awards’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘grant funding’’ 
and inserting ‘‘funding’’; 
(viii) in subsection (b)(8)(A)(ii)— 
(I) in subclauses (I) and (II), by 
striking ‘‘grant applications’’ each 
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place it appears and inserting ‘‘award 
applications’’; and 
(II) in subclause (III)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘grants 
awarded’’ and inserting ‘‘awards 
made’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘grant re-
cipients’’ and inserting ‘‘award 
recipients’’; and 
(ix) in subsection (c)(3)— 
(I) in subparagraph (A)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘grant re-
cipients’’ and inserting ‘‘award 
recipients’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘grants’’ 
and inserting ‘‘awards’’; and 
(II) in subparagraph (C), by 
striking ‘‘grant program’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘award program’’. 
(2) PRIORITY OF AWARD APPLICATIONS.—Sec-
tion 741(b)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)(2)) is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘1977’’ and inserting 
‘‘2007’’; and 
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(ii) by inserting before the period at 
the end ‘‘with clean school buses’’; and 
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(B) RETROFITTING.—In the case of 
award applications to retrofit school buses, the 
Administrator shall give highest priority to ap-
plicants that propose to retrofit school buses 
manufactured before model year 2010 to be-
come clean school buses.’’. 
(3) USE
OF
SCHOOL
BUS
FLEET.—Section 
741(b)(3)(B) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)(3)(B)) is amended by inserting 
‘‘charged,’’ after ‘‘operated,’’. 
(4) REPLACEMENT AWARDS.—Paragraph (5) of 
section 741(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(5) REPLACEMENT AWARDS.—In the case of 
awards to replace school buses— 
‘‘(A) the Administrator may make awards 
for up to— 
‘‘(i) 100 percent of the replacement 
costs for clean school buses that are zero- 
emission school buses; and 
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‘‘(ii) 60 percent of the replacement 
costs for other eligible clean school buses; 
and 
‘‘(B) such replacement costs may include 
the costs of acquiring the clean school buses 
and charging and fueling infrastructure.’’. 
(5) ULTRA LOW-SULFUR DIESEL FUEL.—Sec-
tion 741(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking paragraph (6); and 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (6). 
(6) SCRAPPAGE.—Section 741(b) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(b)) is further 
amended by inserting after paragraph (6), as redes-
ignated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) SCRAPPAGE.—In the case of an award 
under this section for the replacement of a school 
bus or a retrofit including installation of a new en-
gine, the Administrator shall require the recipient of 
the award to verify that the replaced bus, or the en-
gine of a retrofitted bus that was removed, was re-
turned to the supplier for remanufacturing to a 
more stringent set of engine emissions standards or 
for scrappage.’’. 
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(c) EDUCATION.—Paragraph (1) of section 741(c) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(c)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of the Clean Economy 
Jobs and Innovation Act, the Administrator shall de-
velop an education outreach program to promote and 
explain the award program under subsection (b).’’. 
(d) 
CONTRACT
PROGRAMS; 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
COSTS.—Section 741 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16091) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (f); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol-
lowing new subsections: 
‘‘(d) CONTRACT PROGRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY.—In addition to the use of 
contracting authority otherwise available to the Ad-
ministrator, the Administrator may enter into con-
tracts with eligible contractors described in para-
graph (2) for awarding rebates and low-cost revolv-
ing loans pursuant to subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE CONTRACTORS.—A contractor is 
an eligible contractor described in this paragraph if 
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the contractor is a for-profit, not-for-profit, or non-
profit entity that has the capacity— 
‘‘(A) to sell clean school buses or equip-
ment to, or to arrange financing for, individuals 
or entities that own a school bus or fleet of 
school buses; or 
‘‘(B) to upgrade school buses or their 
equipment with verified or Environmental Pro-
tection Agency-certified engines or technologies, 
or to arrange financing for such upgrades. 
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—The Administrator 
may not use, for the administrative costs of carrying out 
this section, more than one percent of the amounts made 
available to carry out this section for any fiscal year.’’. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Sub-
section (f), as redesignated, of section 741 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to 
carry out this section, to remain available until expended, 
$130,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, 
of which— 
‘‘(1) not less than $100,000,000 for each such 
fiscal year shall be used for awards under this sec-
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tion to eligible recipients proposing to replace school 
buses with zero-emission school buses; and 
‘‘(2) not less than $52,000,000 for each such 
fiscal year shall be used for awards under this sec-
tion to eligible recipients proposing to replace or ret-
rofit school buses to serve a community of color, in-
digenous community, low-income community, or any 
community located in an air quality area designated 
pursuant to section 107 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7407) as nonattainment.’’. 
(f) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT
TO STRIKE REDUN-
DANT AUTHORIZATION.—The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, 
Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users 
(commonly referred to as ‘‘SAFETEA–LU’’) is amended 
by striking section 6015 (42 U.S.C. 16091a). 
Subtitle C—Clean Cities Coalition 
Program 
SEC. 6301. CLEAN CITIES COALITION PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program to be known as the Clean Cities Coalition Pro-
gram. 
(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
(1) establish criteria for designating local and 
regional Clean Cities Coalitions; 
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(2) designate local and regional Clean Cities 
Coalitions that the Secretary determines meet the 
criteria established under paragraph (1); 
(3) make awards to each designated Clean Cit-
ies Coalition for administrative and program ex-
penses of the coalition; 
(4) make competitive awards to designated 
Clean Cities Coalitions for projects and activities de-
scribed in subsection (c); 
(5) provide technical assistance and training to 
designated Clean Cities Coalitions; 
(6) provide opportunities for communication 
and sharing of best practices among designated 
Clean Cities Coalitions; and 
(7) maintain, and make available to the public, 
a centralized database of information included in the 
reports submitted under subsection (d). 
(c) PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES.—Projects and activi-
ties eligible for awards under subsection (b)(4) are 
projects and activities that reduce petroleum consumption, 
improve air quality, promote energy and economic secu-
rity, and encourage deployment of a diverse, domestic sup-
ply of alternative fuels in the transportation sector by— 
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(1) encouraging the purchase and use of alter-
native fuel vehicles and alternative fuels, including 
by fleet managers; 
(2) expediting the establishment of local, re-
gional, and national infrastructure to fuel alternative 
fuel vehicles; 
(3) advancing the use of other petroleum fuel 
reduction technologies and strategies; 
(4) conducting outreach and education activities 
to advance the use of alternative fuels and alter-
native fuel vehicles; 
(5) providing training and technical assistance 
and tools to users that adopt petroleum fuel reduc-
tion technologies; or 
(6) collaborating with and training officials and 
first responders with responsibility for permitting 
and enforcing fire, building, and other safety codes 
related to the deployment and use of alternative 
fuels or alternative fuel vehicles. 
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Each designated Clean Cities 
Coalition shall submit an annual report to the Secretary 
on the activities and accomplishments of the coalition. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) ALTERNATIVE
FUEL.—The term ‘‘alter-
native fuel’’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 32901 of title 49, United States Code. 
(2) ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE.—The term 
‘‘alternative fuel vehicle’’ means any vehicle that is 
capable of operating, partially or exclusively, on an 
alternative fuel. 
(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(f) FUNDING.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this section— 
(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
(2) ALLOCATIONS.—The Secretary shall allo-
cate funds made available to carry out this section 
in each fiscal year as follows: 
(A) Thirty percent of such funds shall be 
distributed as awards under subsection (b)(3). 
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cle supply equipment that is eligible under 
paragraph (2); 
(ii) the estimated installation cost of 
the electric vehicle supply equipment that 
is eligible under paragraph (2); 
(iii) the global positioning system lo-
cation, including the integer number of de-
grees, minutes, and seconds, where such 
electric vehicle supply equipment is to be 
installed, and identification of whether 
such location is— 
(I) a multi-unit housing struc-
ture; 
(II) a workplace; 
(III) a commercial location; or 
(IV) open to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; 
(iv) the technical specifications of 
such electric vehicle supply equipment, in-
cluding the maximum power voltage and 
amperage of such equipment; 
(v) an identification of any existing 
electric vehicle supply equipment that— 
(I) is available to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; and 
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(II) is not further than 50 miles 
from the global positioning system lo-
cation identified under clause (iii); 
and 
(vi) any other information determined 
by the Secretary to be necessary for a com-
plete application. 
(B) REVIEW
PROCESS.—The Secretary 
shall review an application for a rebate under 
the rebate program and approve an eligible en-
tity under paragraph (1) to receive such rebate 
if the application meets the requirements of the 
rebate program under this subsection. 
(C) NOTIFICATION TO ELIGIBLE ENTITY.— 
Not later than 1 year after the date on which 
the eligible entity under paragraph (1) applies 
for a rebate under the rebate program, the Sec-
retary shall notify the eligible entity whether 
the eligible entity will be awarded a rebate 
under the rebate program following the submis-
sion of additional materials required under 
paragraph (5). 
(4) REBATE AMOUNT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), the amount of a rebate made 
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under the rebate program for each charging 
unit shall be the lesser of— 
(i) 75 percent of the applicable cov-
ered expenses; 
(ii) $2,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
non-networked level 2 charging equipment; 
(iii) $4,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
networked level 2 charging equipment; or 
(iv) $100,000 for covered expenses as-
sociated with the purchase and installation 
of networked direct current fast charging 
equipment. 
(B) REBATE AMOUNT FOR REPLACEMENT 
EQUIPMENT.—A rebate made under the rebate 
program for replacement of pre-existing electric 
vehicle supply equipment at a single location 
shall be the lesser of— 
(i) 75 percent of the applicable cov-
ered expenses; 
(ii) $1,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
non-networked level 2 charging equipment; 
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‘‘(E) leverage the principles of sustainable 
manufacturing and sustainable chemistry to 
minimize the negative environmental impacts of 
manufacturing while conserving energy and re-
sources, including— 
‘‘(i) by designing products that enable 
reuse, 
refurbishment, 
remanufacturing, 
and recycling; 
‘‘(ii) by minimizing waste from indus-
trial processes; and 
‘‘(iii) by reducing resource intensity; 
and 
‘‘(F) increase the energy efficiency of in-
dustrial processes; 
‘‘(2) alternative materials that produce fewer 
emissions during production and result in fewer 
emissions during use, including— 
‘‘(A) high-performance lightweight mate-
rials; and 
‘‘(B) substitutions for critical materials 
and minerals; 
‘‘(3) development of net-zero emissions liquid 
and gaseous fuels; 
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