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‘‘(ii) $14,202,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(iii) $1,567,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(6) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
SECOND 
TARGET STATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for a second target station for the Spall-
ation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) SECOND TARGET STATION DEFINED.— 
In this paragraph, the term ‘second target sta-
tion’ means the Spallation Neutron Source sec-
ond target station described in— 
‘‘(i) the publication entitled, ‘Facilities 
for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of Science 
of the Department in December, 2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication entitled, ‘Four 
Years Later: An Interim Report on Facili-
ties for the Future of Science: A Twenty- 
Year Outlook’, published by the Office of 
Science of the Department in August, 2007; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on Facil-
ity Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the second target station under this paragraph 
occurs before December 31, 2033, with the option 
for early operation in 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities under this paragraph, 
including construction— 
‘‘(i) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $205,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; 
‘‘(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
and 
‘‘(v) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means the 
rate of flow of photons.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘soft x- 
ray’ means a photon with energy in the 
range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 
‘‘(B) UPGRADE.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’, including the development of a 
multibend achromat lattice to produce a high 
flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray en-
ergy region. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore September 30, 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(iv) $1,400,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(8) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 
ENERGY UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) HIGH ENERGY.—The term ‘high 
energy’, with respect to an x-ray, means a 
photon with an energy in the 5 to 13 
kiloelectron volt range. 
‘‘(ii) HIGH
REPETITION
RATE.—The 
term ‘high repetition rate’ means the deliv-
ery of x-ray pulses up to 1,000,000 pulses 
per second. 
‘‘(iii) 
ULTRA-SHORT
PULSE.—The 
term ‘ultra-short pulse’, with respect to an 
x-ray, means that the x-ray has bursts ca-
pable of durations of less than 100 
femtoseconds. 
‘‘(B) UPGRADE.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) provide for the upgrade to the 
Linac Coherent Light Source II facility de-
scribed in the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on Facil-
ity Upgrades’, including the development of 
experimental capabilities for high energy x-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
rays to reveal fundamental scientific discov-
eries; and 
‘‘(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
production and use of high energy, ultra- 
short pulse x-rays delivered at a high rep-
etition rate. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore December 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(iv) $99,343,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(9) CRYOMODULE
REPAIR
AND
MAINTENANCE 
FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the construction of a cryomodule re-
pair and maintenance facility to service the
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
Linac Coherent Light Source II and subsequent 
upgrades. 
‘‘(B) CONSULTATION REQUIRED.—The Sec-
retary shall consult with the private sector, insti-
tutions of higher education, National Labora-
tories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
that the facility described in subparagraph (A) 
has the capability to maintain, repair, and test 
superconducting radio frequency accelerator com-
ponents. 
‘‘(C) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $29,300,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(iv) $15,700,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER 
RECAPITALIZATION PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale 
Science Research Centers, to include the upgrade 
of equipment at each Center supported by the Of-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
fice of Science on the date of enactment of the 
Research and Development, Competition, and In-
novation Act, to accelerate advances in the var-
ious fields of science including nanoscience, ma-
terials, chemistry, biology, and quantum infor-
mation science. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the recapitalization under this para-
graph— 
‘‘(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
and 
‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024. 
‘‘(11) NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE II 
BEAMLINE BUILDOUT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the development and construction of 
experimental stations to provide significant ad-
ditional beamline and instrument capacity, com-
plement the existing portfolio of beamlines, and 
complete the buildout of the National Synchro-
tron Light Source II.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(B) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—Subject to 
the availability of appropriations, the Sec-
retary— 
‘‘(i) shall begin carrying out subpara-
graph (A) not later than September 30, 
2036; and 
‘‘(ii) may begin carrying out subpara-
graph (A)— 
‘‘(I) in calendar year 2033; or 
‘‘(II) after the construction of in-
dividual beamlines is complete.’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
AND CHEMICAL 
SCIENCES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a 
program of research and development for the applica-
tion of advanced computing practices to foundational 
and emerging research problems in chemistry and 
materials science. Research activities shall include— 
‘‘(A) chemical catalysis research and devel-
opment; 
‘‘(B) the use of large data sets to model ma-
terials phenomena, including through advanced 
characterization of materials, materials syn-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
thesis, processing, and innovative use of experi-
mental and theoretical data; 
‘‘(C) codesign of chemical system and chem-
istry modeling software with advanced com-
puting systems and hardware technologies; and 
‘‘(D) modeling of chemical processes, assem-
blies, and reactions such as molecular dynamics 
and quantum chemistry, including through novel 
computing methods. 
‘‘(2) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL 
SCIENCES CENTERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities authorized under paragraph (1), the Di-
rector shall select and establish up to 6 computa-
tional materials and chemical sciences centers 
to— 
‘‘(i) develop open-source, robust, and 
validated computational codes and user- 
friendly software, coupled with innovative 
use of experimental and theoretical data, to 
enable the design, discovery, and develop-
ment of new materials and chemical sys-
tems; and 
‘‘(ii) focus on overcoming challenges 
and maximizing the benefits of exascale and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
other high performance computing under-
pinned by accelerated node technologies. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall select 
centers under subparagraph (A) on a competi-
tive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall 
consider applications from the National Labora-
tories, institutions of higher education, multi-in-
stitutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
entities. 
‘‘(C) DURATION.— 
‘‘(i) NEW CENTERS.—A center selected 
under subparagraph (A) shall receive sup-
port for a period of not more than 5 years 
beginning on the date of establishment of 
that center, subject to the availability of ap-
propriations. 
‘‘(ii) EXISTING CENTERS.—A center al-
ready in existence on the date of enactment 
of the Research and Development, Competi-
tion, and Innovation Act may continue to 
receive support for a period of not more 
than 5 years beginning on the date of estab-
lishment of that center. 
‘‘(D) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of 
any period of support of a center under this sub-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
section, the Director may renew support for the 
center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of 
not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
the development of a web-based platform to develop 
and provide access to a database of computed infor-
mation on known and predicted materials properties 
and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs 
in materials discovery and design. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this subsection, 
the Director shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct cooperative research among 
National Laboratories, industry, academia, and 
other research institutions to advance under-
standing, prediction, and manipulation of mate-
rials and facilitate the design of novel materials; 
‘‘(B) develop and maintain data infrastruc-
ture at user facilities that generate data to col-
lect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the 
data for inclusion in the database; 
‘‘(C) leverage existing high performance 
computing systems to conduct high throughput 
calculations, and develop computational and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
data mining algorithms for the prediction of ma-
terial properties; 
‘‘(D) strengthen the foundation for new 
technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 
‘‘(E) drive the development of advanced ma-
terials for applications that span the Depart-
ment’s missions in energy, environment, and na-
tional security. 
‘‘(3) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall leverage programs and ac-
tivities across the Department, including computa-
tional materials and chemical sciences centers estab-
lished under subsection (h). 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out ac-
tivities under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2023 through 2027. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this 
section— 
‘‘(1) $2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024;
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(3) $2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.—Section 973 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDS.—Of the funds authorized to be ap-
propriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, 
there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDS.—Of the funds authorized to be ap-
propriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, 
there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’. 
(c) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16315) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by strik-
ing ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the 
United States in energy storage by fostering an 
ecosystem linking fundamental research and de-
velopment to deployment of storage solutions 
while minimizing the environmental impacts of 
energy storage technologies.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(C) any other relevant office of the Depart-
ment.’’;
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal 
year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal 
year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal 
year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’. 
(d) FOUNDATIONAL NUCLEAR SCIENCE.—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 
Science shall support a program of research and de-
velopment to bridge scientific barriers to, and expand 
theoretical and fundamental knowledge relevant to, 
understanding nuclear materials and matter for the 
benefit of commerce, medicine, and national security. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
(A) the Director of the Office of Science 
shall support basic research to pursue distinct 
lines of scientific inquiry, including— 
(i) research in nuclear materials 
science, including the application of ad-
vanced computing practices to foundational 
and emerging research areas in nuclear ma-
terials science and discovery, such as— 
(I) the advanced characterization 
of materials; 
(II) materials synthesis; 
(III) processing; 
(IV) the innovative use of experi-
mental and theoretical data; and 
(V) 
mechanical 
behavior 
in 
unique environments, including the ef-
fects of radiation;
124 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
(ii) electrochemistry research and asso-
ciated techniques for processing nuclear ma-
terials; 
(iii) the development of advanced in-
strumentation and nuclear data collection 
to inform the activities described in clauses 
(i) and (ii); and 
(iv) any other area of research, as de-
termined by the Director of the Office of 
Science; and 
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear En-
ergy shall consult with the Director of the Office 
of 
Science 
to 
support 
the 
direction 
of 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
(3) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be ap-
propriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, 
there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary of Energy to carry out activities under this 
subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2027. 
(e) CARBON MATERIALS SCIENCE INITIATIVE.— 
(1) INITIATIVE.—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Of-
fice of Science (referred to in this subsection as 
the ‘‘Director’’) shall establish a research initia-
tive, to be known as the ‘‘Carbon Materials 
Science Initiative’’ (referred to in this subsection 
as the ‘‘Initiative’’), to expand the fundamental 
knowledge of coal, coal-wastes, and carbon ore 
chemistry useful for understanding the conver-
sion of carbon to material products. 
(B) COORDINATION.—In carrying out pro-
grams and activities under the Initiative, the 
Director shall leverage expertise and resources 
from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
Management and the United States Geological 
Survey. 
(C) TEAMS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Director shall establish and 
organize activities among multidisciplinary 
teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
practicable, expertise from the National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and the private sector. 
(ii) 
GOALS.—The 
multidisciplinary 
teams described in clause (i) shall pursue
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
expedient, milestone-driven research goals 
established by the Director. 
(2) RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support, 
and discover fundamental knowledge relevant to, 
carbon materials and carbon ore processing re-
search. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program 
described in subparagraph (A), the Director 
shall, in coordination with the Assistant Sec-
retary of Energy for Fossil Energy and Carbon 
Management, as appropriate, support research to 
pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, includ-
ing— 
(i) methods of extraction, processing, 
recycling, and utilization of the materials 
and valuable minerals contained in raw 
coal and coal-waste; 
(ii) methods of improving performance, 
cost, and availability of materials for use in 
carbon capture systems; and 
(iii) unconventional pathways and 
materials for conversion of carbon dioxide 
molecules, minerals, and materials.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(C) REVIEW.—The Director shall periodi-
cally review activities carried out under the pro-
gram described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate 
the achievement of scientific objectives and re-
search milestones. 
(D) COORDINATION
WITH
EXISTING
PRO-
GRAMS AND CENTERS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram described in subparagraph (A), the Direc-
tor shall— 
(i) ensure coordination and knowledge 
sharing with— 
(I) the United States Geological 
Survey; and 
(II) the programs and the Carbon 
Utilization Research Center established 
under section 969A of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16298a); 
and 
(ii) avoid duplication of efforts to the 
maximum extent practicable. 
(3) CARBON MATERIALS RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities authorized under paragraph (2), the Di-
rector shall establish 1 center in each of the 2
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
major coal-producing regions of the United 
States, each of which shall— 
(i) be known as a ‘‘Carbon Materials 
Research Center’’ (referred to in this para-
graph as a ‘‘Center’’); and 
(ii) focus on early stage research and 
development activities, including— 
(I) developing and advancing 
methods of extracting, processing, or 
recycling carbon or other valuable ma-
terials or minerals from raw coal, coal- 
waste, or other solid carbon materials, 
for the development of new carbon- 
based materials; 
(II) methods of improving the 
structural, 
physical, 
and 
chemical 
properties of carbon-based materials or 
other valuable materials from raw coal, 
coal-waste, or other solid carbon mate-
rials and their recyclability; 
(III) overcoming the challenges 
and maximizing the benefits of com-
mercially extracting, producing, or im-
proving coal-derived carbon and result-
ing products; and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(IV) identifying novel pathways 
and materials for carbon storage and 
conversion into useful products. 
(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall— 
(i) select Centers under subparagraph 
(A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; 
and 
(ii) consider applications from the Na-
tional Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, 
multi-institutional 
collabora-
tions, and other appropriate entities. 
(C) DURATION.—A Center shall receive sup-
port for a period of not more than 5 years begin-
ning on the date of establishment of that Center, 
subject to the availability of appropriations. 
(D) RENEWAL.—On the expiration of any 
period of support of a Center, the Director may 
renew support for that Center, on a merit-re-
viewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 
years. 
(E) EXISTING
FACILITIES.—The Director 
shall— 
(i) ensure that the research activities 
carried out by the Centers are not duplica-
tive of existing efforts; and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(ii) if practicable, leverage existing 
user facilities and other capabilities of the 
Department of Energy to carry out the re-
search objectives of the Centers. 
(f) CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESEARCH AND GEO-
LOGIC COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE INITIATIVE.— 
(1) INITIATIVE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Secretary’’) 
shall establish a research initiative, to be known 
as the ‘‘Carbon Sequestration Research and Geo-
logic Computational Science Initiative’’ (referred 
to in this subsection as the ‘‘Initiative’’), to ex-
pand the fundamental knowledge, data collection, 
data analysis, and modeling of subsurface geol-
ogy for the purpose of advancing carbon seques-
tration in geologic formations. 
(B) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out pro-
grams and activities under the Initiative, the 
Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources 
from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
Management and the United States Geological 
Survey. 
(C) TEAMS.—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall establish and 
organize activities among multidisciplinary 
teams to leverage, to the maximum extent 
practicable, expertise from the National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and the private sector. 
(ii) 
GOALS.—The 
multidisciplinary 
teams described in clause (i) shall pursue 
aggressive, milestone-driven research goals 
established by the Secretary. 
(D) ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITIES.—The Sec-
retary may organize additional activities under 
this subsection through other organizational 
structures. 
(2) RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
carry out under the Initiative a program to sup-
port research needed for, and discover knowledge 
relevant to, the sequestration of carbon in geo-
logic formations. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program 
described in subparagraph (A), the Director of 
the Office of Science shall support fundamental
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
research to pursue distinct lines of scientific in-
quiry, including— 
(i) gathering geologic data for pore 
space characterization, including improve-
ments to geologic seismic imaging; 
(ii) evaluating pore space quality, in-
cluding evaluation of geologic samples, to 
determine appropriate sequestration zones 
for carbon; 
(iii) testing carbon sequestration; 
(iv) monitoring carbon migration in 
geologic formations; 
(v) advancements in data analytics, 
including the analysis of seismic data, and 
computational science to improve the ad-
vanced computing, visualization, and imag-
ing of geologic formations for the sequestra-
tion of carbon; and 
(vi) predictive understanding of cou-
pled processes in complex subsurface geo-
logic systems for secure carbon storage. 
(C) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall periodi-
cally review activities carried out under the pro-
gram described in subparagraph (A) to evaluate
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
achievement of scientific objectives and research 
milestones. 
(3) CARBON STORAGE RESEARCH AND GEOLOGIC 
COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE CENTERS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities authorized under paragraph (2), the Sec-
retary shall select and establish not more than 2 
carbon storage research and geologic computa-
tional science centers (referred to in this para-
graph as a ‘‘Center’’) to develop and advance 
improvements to data collection, analysis, and 
modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of 
advancing carbon sequestration in geologic for-
mations. 
(B) SELECTION.— 
(i) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary 
shall— 
(I) select Centers under subpara-
graph (A) on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis; and 
(II) to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, locate each Center in a geo-
graphically diverse region with estab-
lished and ongoing geologic carbon se-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
questration research and demonstra-
tion. 
(ii) APPLICATIONS.—In selecting Cen-
ters under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
shall consider applications from institutions 
of higher education, multi-institutional col-
laborations, and other appropriate entities. 
(C) DURATION.— 
(i) NEW
CENTERS.—A Center estab-
lished after the date of enactment of this Act 
shall receive support for a period of not 
more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
establishment of that Center, subject to the 
availability of appropriations. 
(ii) EXISTING CENTERS.—A Center al-
ready in existence on the date of enactment 
of this Act may continue to receive support 
for a period of not more than 5 years begin-
ning on that date of enactment. 
(iii) RENEWAL.—On expiration of a 
period of support described in clause (i) or 
(ii), the Secretary may renew support for 
the Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
period of not more than 5 years.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(4) COORDINATION
WITH
EXISTING
PROGRAMS 
AND CENTERS.—In carrying out this subsection, the 
Secretary shall— 
(A) ensure coordination with— 
(i) the United States Geological Sur-
vey; and 
(ii) the programs established under sec-
tion 963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16293); and 
(B) avoid duplication of efforts to the max-
imum extent practicable. 
(g) FUNDING FOR CARBON INITIATIVES.—Of the funds 
authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in 
a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out activities under subsections (e) and 
(f) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. 
SEC. 10103. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM; BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; BIOMOLECULAR 
CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAGING SCIENCE.—Section 306 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by redesignating para-
graphs (6) through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (7), 
respectively;
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(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) 
as subsections (d) through (f), respectively; 
(3) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the duties of the Director 
authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy 
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with 
the activities authorized under sections 303 and 304, the 
Director shall carry out a program of research and develop-
ment in the areas of biological systems science and climate 
and environmental science, including subsurface science, 
relevant to the development of new energy technologies and 
to support the energy, environmental, and national security 
missions of the Department. 
‘‘(b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry 
out research and development activities in genomic science 
including fundamental research on plants and microbes to 
increase systems-level understanding of the complex biologi-
cal systems, which may include activities— 
‘‘(1) to provide a fundamental understanding of 
the biology of plants, fungi, and microbes as a basis 
for developing innovative processes for bioenergy and 
bioproducts and accelerate breakthroughs and new 
knowledge that would enable the cost-effective, sustain-
able production of—
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‘‘(A) advanced biofuels; 
‘‘(B) bioenergy; and 
‘‘(C) biobased materials; 
‘‘(2) to conduct foundational functional systems 
biology research— 
‘‘(A) to support expanded biosystems design 
research; and 
‘‘(B) to understand— 
‘‘(i) fundamental genome structure; 
and 
‘‘(ii) phenomes, including functional 
genomics of gene products at genome scale; 
‘‘(3) to develop biosystems designs and synthetic 
biology approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and 
microbially derived bioproducts as a basis for new 
bioeconomy and biotechnology applications in bio-
products production, resource recovery, recycling, and 
upcycling ventures; 
‘‘(4) to better understand the behavior of 
microbiomes in the environment and the interdepend-
encies between plants and microbes in a sustainable 
ecosystem; 
‘‘(5) to improve fundamental understanding of 
plant and microbial processes impacting the global 
carbon cycle, including processes for removing carbon
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dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis 
and other biological processes, for sequestration, stor-
age, and utilization; 
‘‘(6) to understand the microbiome mechanisms 
and microbiota used to transform, immobilize, or re-
move contaminants from subsurface environments 
and that affect the cycling and disposition of carbon, 
nutrients, and contaminants in the environment; 
‘‘(7) to develop the computational approaches 
and integrated platforms for open access collaborative 
science; 
‘‘(8) to leverage tools and approaches across the 
Office of Science to expand research to include novel 
processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based 
chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including 
research— 
‘‘(A) to advance fungal, microbial, and 
plant biosystems design research to advance the 
understanding of how CRISPR tools and other 
gene editing tools and technologies work in na-
ture, in the laboratory, and in practice; 
‘‘(B) to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of 
the roles of microbes and microbial communities, 
including fungi, in—
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‘‘(i) supporting plant and tree growth, 
productivity, performance, adaptation, and 
resilience in changing environmental condi-
tions; and 
‘‘(ii) optimizing end uses of biomass; 
‘‘(C) to develop biosystems design methods 
and tools to increase the efficiency of photosyn-
thesis in plants; and 
‘‘(D) to increase the scale and pace of char-
acterizing the functions and physical character-
istics of microbes and microbial communities to 
improve biosystems design; 
‘‘(9) to conduct research focused on developing 
analysis techniques and simulation capabilities, in-
cluding artificial intelligence and machine learning, 
on high-performance computing platforms to accel-
erate collaborative and reproducible systems biology 
research; 
‘‘(10) to develop and improve new technologies 
for bioimaging, measurement, and characterization 
purposes to understand the structural, spatial, and 
temporal relationships of metabolic processes gov-
erning phenotypic expression in plants and microbes; 
‘‘(11) to conduct research focused on genotype-to- 
phenotype translations to develop a predictive under-
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standing of cellular function under a variety of rel-
evant environmental and bioenergy-related conditions; 
‘‘(12) to conduct metagenomic and metadata as-
sembly research sequencing and analysis; and 
‘‘(13) to develop other relevant methods and 
processes as determined by the Director. 
‘‘(c) BIOMOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAG-
ING SCIENCE.—The Director shall carry out research and 
development activities in biomolecular characterization and 
imaging science, including development of new and integra-
tive imaging and analysis platforms and biosensors to un-
derstand the expression, structure, and function of genome 
information encoded within cells and for real-time measure-
ments in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mis-
sion of the Department.’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(l) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—The term ‘advanced 
biofuel’ has the meaning given the term in section 
9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act 
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101). 
‘‘(2) BIOENERGY.—The term ‘bioenergy’ means 
energy derived from biofuels.
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‘‘(3) BIOMASS.—The term ‘biomass’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 203(b) of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(b)). 
‘‘(4) BIOPRODUCT.—The term ‘bioproduct’ has 
the meaning given the term ‘biobased product’ in sec-
tion 9001 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).’’. 
(b) LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
Paragraph (8) of subsection (e) of section 306 of the Depart-
ment of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(G) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(c) LOW-DOSE RADIATION AND SPACE RADIATION RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM.—Subsection (f) of section 306 of the De-
partment of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated by subsection (a)(2), is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) LOW-DOSE RADIATION
AND SPACE RADIATION 
RESEARCH PROGRAM.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration, shall carry out a 
basic research program on the similarities and dif-
ferences between the effects of exposure to low-dose ra-
diation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the 
space environment. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1) is to accelerate break-
throughs in low-dose and low dose-rate radiation re-
search and development as described in subsection (e) 
and to inform the advancement of new tools, tech-
nologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate 
long-duration space exploration.’’. 
(d) CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, AND OTHER 
ACTIVITIES.—Section 306 of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) (as amended 
by subsection (a)) is amended by inserting after subsection 
(f) the following: 
‘‘(g) EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCES 
ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities au-
thorized under subsection (a), and in coordination 
with activities carried out under subsection (b), the 
Director shall coordinate with the National Oceanic
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and 
Atmospheric 
Administration, 
the 
National 
Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection 
Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration, the Department of Agriculture, the Depart-
ment of the Interior, and any other relevant agencies 
to carry out activities relating to Earth and environ-
mental systems science research, which may include 
activities— 
‘‘(A) to understand, observe, measure, and 
model the response of Earth’s atmosphere and 
biosphere to changing concentrations of green-
house gas emissions and any associated changes 
in climate, including frequency and intensity of 
extreme weather events; 
‘‘(B) to understand the coupled physical, 
chemical, and biological processes to transform, 
immobilize, remove, or move carbon, nitrogen, 
and other energy production-derived contami-
nants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, 
and understand the process of sequestration and 
transformation of these, carbon dioxide, and 
other relevant molecules in subsurface environ-
ments;
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‘‘(C) to understand, observe, and model the 
cycling of water, carbon, and nutrients in terres-
trial systems across spatiotemporal scales; 
‘‘(D) to understand the biological, biogeo-
chemical, and physical processes across the mul-
tiple scales that control the flux of environ-
mentally relevant compounds between the terres-
trial surface and the atmosphere; and 
‘‘(E) to understand and predict interactions 
among natural and human systems to inform 
potential mitigation and adaptation options for 
increased concentrations of greenhouse gas emis-
sions and any associated changes in climate. 
‘‘(2) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram authorized under paragraph (1), the Director 
shall prioritize— 
‘‘(A) the development of software and algo-
rithms to enable the productive application of 
environmental systems and extreme weather in 
climate and Earth system prediction models in 
high-performance computing systems; and 
‘‘(B) capabilities that support the Depart-
ment’s mission needs for energy and infrastruc-
ture security, resilience, and reliability.
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‘‘(3) ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS
SCIENCE
RE-
SEARCH.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities 
described in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
carry out research to advance an integrated, ro-
bust, and scale-aware predictive understanding 
of environmental systems, including the role of 
hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the 
top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects 
of seasonal to interannual variability and 
change. 
‘‘(B) CLEAN WATER AND WATERSHED RE-
SEARCH.—As part of the activities described in 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall— 
‘‘(i) support interdisciplinary research 
to significantly advance our understanding 
of water availability, quality, and the im-
pact of human activity and a changing cli-
mate on urban and rural watershed sys-
tems, including in freshwater environments; 
‘‘(ii) consult with the Interagency Re-
search, Development, and Demonstration 
Coordination Committee on the Nexus of 
Energy and Water for Sustainability estab-
lished under section 1010 of the Energy Act
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of 2020 (Public Law 116–260) on energy- 
water nexus research activities; 
‘‘(iii) engage with representatives of re-
search and academic institutions, nonprofit 
organizations, State, territorial, local, and 
Tribal governments, and industry, who have 
expertise in technologies, technological inno-
vations, or practices relating to the energy- 
water nexus, as applicable; and 
‘‘(iv) coordinate with the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
National Science Foundation, the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
Department of Agriculture, the Department 
of the Interior, and any other relevant agen-
cy. 
‘‘(C) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(i) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall 
carry out activities under this paragraph in 
accordance with priorities established by the 
Secretary to support and accelerate the de-
contamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department.
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‘‘(ii) SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall 
ensure the coordination of activities of the 
Department, including activities under this 
paragraph, to support and accelerate the de-
contamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department. 
‘‘(4) CLIMATE AND EARTH MODELING.—As part 
of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor, in collaboration with the Advanced Scientific 
Computing Research program described in section 
304 and other programs carried out by the Depart-
ment, as applicable, and in coordination with the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
National Science Foundation, the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration, and other relevant 
agencies, shall carry out research to develop, evaluate, 
and use high-resolution regional climate, global cli-
mate, Earth system, and other relevant models to in-
form decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions 
and the resulting impacts of a changing global cli-
mate. Such modeling shall include— 
‘‘(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
multisectoral interactions, including the impacts 
of climate policies on human systems and the
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interdependencies and risks at the energy-water- 
land nexus; 
‘‘(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, 
energy supply and demand, and other critical 
elements; and 
‘‘(C) interaction among human and Earth 
systems informed by interdisciplinary research, 
including the economic and social sciences. 
‘‘(5) MIDSCALE FUNDING MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any of the activities 
authorized in this subsection may be carried out, 
in lieu of individual research grants— 
‘‘(i) by competitively selected midscale, 
multi-institutional research centers; 
‘‘(ii) by large-scale experiments or user 
facilities; or 
‘‘(iii) through existing facilities and 
systems of the Department or the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
‘‘(B) CONSIDERATION.—The Biological and 
Environmental Research Advisory Committee 
shall provide recommendations to the Director on 
projects most suitable for the research centers de-
scribed in subparagraph (A).
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‘‘(6) ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS AND SCIENCES RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities 
carried out under paragraph (1), the Director 
shall carry out a program, to be known as the 
‘Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research 
Program’, to use observations to improve under-
standing of atmospheric processes, under which 
the Director, in coordination, and as appro-
priate, collaboration, with the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration and other rel-
evant Federal agencies conducting research 
under the topics described in this subparagraph, 
shall conduct research relating to— 
‘‘(i) better understanding the atmos-
phere and the interaction of the atmosphere 
with the surface of the Earth; 
‘‘(ii) understanding sources of uncer-
tainty in Earth system models, including 
with respect to the interdependence of 
clouds, 
atmospheric 
aerosols, 
radiation 
processes, and precipitation; 
‘‘(iii) understanding the radiative bal-
ance and hydrological cycle of Earth;
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‘‘(iv) demonstrating the improved pre-
dictability of regional and global atmos-
pheric models due to improved process-level 
understanding; 
‘‘(v) atmospheric regimes with large 
uncertainties in earth system prediction, 
aerosol processes, warm boundary-layer 
processes, convective processes, and high- 
latitude processes; 
‘‘(vi) reduced uncertainty and im-
proved simulation capability of earth sys-
tem models of the atmospheric system in a 
holistic, comprehensive fashion; and 
‘‘(vii) understanding and modeling 
representation of priority research areas, 
including aerosol, warm boundary layer, 
convective, and high-latitude processes. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the At-
mospheric Systems and Sciences Research Pro-
gram, the Director shall, in coordination, and as 
appropriate, in collaboration, with other relevant 
Federal agencies— 
‘‘(i) collect data and conduct research 
to advance atmospheric and Earth system 
modeling capabilities;
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‘‘(ii) develop or participate in existing 
or future integrated, scalable test-beds 
that— 
‘‘(I) incorporate process-level un-
derstanding of the life cycles of 
aerosols, clouds, and precipitation; and 
‘‘(II) can be incorporated into 
other models; 
‘‘(iii) improve data, analysis, and pre-
diction systems in marine, littoral, terres-
trial, and arctic environments, including 
those environments sensitive to changes in 
the climate, relating to the energy and 
science mission of the Department; and 
‘‘(iv) support the development of tech-
nologies relating to— 
‘‘(I) more accurate cloud, aerosol, 
and other atmospheric sensors; 
‘‘(II) observing sensor networks; 
and 
‘‘(III) computational predictive 
modeling. 
‘‘(C) USE
OF
ATMOSPHERIC
RADIATION 
MEASUREMENT PROGRAM FACILITIES AND INFRA-
STRUCTURE.—To support the Atmospheric Sys-
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tems and Sciences Research Program and, in co-
ordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, 
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration and other relevant Federal agencies, 
to improve fundamental understanding of the 
physical and chemical processes that impact the 
formation, life cycle, and radiative impacts of 
cloud and aerosol particles, atmospheric proc-
esses, and surface or subsurface phenomena, the 
Director shall use the facilities and infrastruc-
ture of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement 
User Facility, the Global Monitoring Laboratory 
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, or other Earth and Environmental 
Systems Sciences User Facilities— 
‘‘(i) to provide support to environ-
mental scientists by collecting high-quality 
and well-characterized in-situ, remote-sens-
ing, and aircraft observations of— 
‘‘(I) the microphysical properties 
of clouds and atmospheric aerosols; 
‘‘(II) the coincident and highly 
detailed 
dynamical 
and 
thermo-
dynamic properties of the atmospheric
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environment that contains those clouds 
and aerosols; 
‘‘(III) the properties of precipita-
tion; 
‘‘(IV) the properties of radiation 
and the background environment; and 
‘‘(V) the properties of surface or 
subsurface phenomena; 
‘‘(ii) to carry out laboratory studies 
and ground-based and airborne field cam-
paigns to target specific atmospheric and 
surface or subsurface processes relating to 
the energy and science mission of the De-
partment in different locations and across a 
range of environments, including by devel-
oping technologies to assist in advancing 
predictive capabilities; 
‘‘(iii) to build data sets that can be in-
corporated into atmospheric models; and 
‘‘(iv) to enhance observations by using 
modeling and simulations that test the ac-
curacy of climate model parameterizations. 
‘‘(h) BIOLOGICAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 
USER FACILITIES.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program for the development, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of user facilities to enhance 
the collection and analysis of observational data re-
lated to complex biological, climate, and environ-
mental systems. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall se-
lect user facilities under paragraph (1) on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 
‘‘(B) APPLICANTS.—In selecting user facili-
ties under paragraph (1), the Director shall con-
sider applications from the National Labora-
tories, institutions of higher education, multi-in-
stitutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
entities. 
‘‘(3) FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the user facilities developed, 
constructed, operated, or maintained under para-
graph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) distributed field research and observa-
tion platforms for understanding earth system 
processes; 
‘‘(B) analytical techniques, instruments, 
and modeling resources, including high-through-
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put molecular phenotyping, for understanding 
and predicting the functional processes of bio-
logical and environmental systems; 
‘‘(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, 
advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA design 
and synthesis, metabolomics, and computational 
analysis; and 
‘‘(D) such other facilities as the Director 
considers appropriate, consistent with section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
‘‘(4) EXISTING FACILITIES.—In carrying out the 
program established under paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of exist-
ing user facilities and, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, invest in modernization of those capabilities 
to address emerging research priorities. 
‘‘(5) EARTH
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS 
SCIENCES
USER
FACILITIES.—In carrying out the 
program established under paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor shall operate at least 1 user facility to advance the 
collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric 
data, including through activities—
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‘‘(A) to advance knowledge of the Earth and 
environmental systems and improve model rep-
resentations; and 
‘‘(B) to measure the impact of atmospheric 
gases, aerosols, and clouds on the Earth and en-
vironmental systems. 
‘‘(6) MICROBIAL MOLECULAR PHENOTYPING CA-
PABILITY PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the expansion of the Environmental 
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, or subsequent fa-
cility successor, to advance high-throughput mi-
crobial plant and molecular phenotyping capa-
bility to accelerate discovery of new protein func-
tions and metabolic pathways in microbial sys-
tems. 
‘‘(B) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out sub-
paragraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure the fol-
lowing capabilities: 
‘‘(i) Coupled high-throughput autono-
mous experimental and multimodal analyt-
ical capabilities. 
‘‘(ii) Direct integration of automated 
multiomics analyses, biomolecular and cel-
lular imaging, and functional biological as-
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says with high-throughput microbial cul-
turing and cultivation capabilities at 
timescales relevant to biological processes 
under natural and perturbed environmental 
conditions. 
‘‘(C) DATA
COORDINATION.—In carrying 
out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ensure 
integration and coordination with existing data 
platforms and user facilities of the Department. 
‘‘(D) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—Subject to 
the availability of appropriations, the Secretary 
shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not 
later than September 29, 2027. 
‘‘(E) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (k) for a fiscal 
year, there are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary to carry out this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $550,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $29,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
and 
‘‘(v) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(7) USER FACILITIES INTEGRATION AND COL-
LABORATION PROGRAM.—
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall sup-
port a program of collaboration between user fa-
cilities to encourage and enable researchers to 
more readily integrate the tools, expertise, re-
sources, and capabilities of multiple Office of 
Science user facilities (as described in subsection 
(d) of section 209 of the Department of Energy 
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further 
research and advance emerging technologies. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—The program shall ad-
vance the integration of automation, robotics, 
computational 
biology, 
bioinformatics, 
bio-
sensing, cellular platforms and other relevant 
emerging technologies as determined by the Di-
rector to enhance productivity and scientific im-
pact of user facilities. 
‘‘(8) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram authorized under paragraph (1), the Director 
shall ensure that the Office of Science coordinates 
with— 
‘‘(A) the National Oceanic Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, 
the 
Environmental 
Protection 
Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration, the Department of Agriculture, the 
Department of the Interior, and any other rel-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
evant Federal agency on the collection, valida-
tion, and analysis of atmospheric data; and 
‘‘(B) relevant stakeholders, including insti-
tutions of higher education, nonprofit research 
institutions, industry, State, territorial, local, 
and Tribal governments, and other appropriate 
entities to ensure access to the best available rel-
evant atmospheric and historical weather data. 
‘‘(i) TERRESTRIAL-AQUATIC INTERFACE RESEARCH 
INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a research program to enhance the understanding of 
terrestrial-aquatic interface. In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Director shall prioritize efforts to enhance 
the collection of observational data, and shall develop 
models to analyze the natural and human processes 
that interact in littoral zones. 
‘‘(2) LITTORAL DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM.—The 
Director shall establish an integrated system of geo-
graphically diverse field research sites in order to im-
prove the scientific understanding and predictability 
of the major land water interfaces of the United 
States through improved data quantity and quality, 
including in— 
‘‘(A) the Great Lakes region;
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‘‘(B) the Pacific coast; 
‘‘(C) the Atlantic coast; 
‘‘(D) the Arctic; 
‘‘(E) the Gulf coast; and 
‘‘(F) the coasts of United States territories 
and freely associated States. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying 
out the programs and establishing the field research 
sites under paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary 
shall leverage existing research and development in-
frastructure supported by the Department, including 
the Department’s existing marine and coastal re-
search lab. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—For the purposes of car-
rying out the programs and establishing the field re-
search sites under paragraphs (1) and (2), the Sec-
retary may enter into agreements with Federal de-
partments and agencies with complementary capabili-
ties, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and any other relevant Federal agen-
cy as appropriate. 
‘‘(5) REPORT.—Not earlier than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, the Director shall 
provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and
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Technology, the Committee on Natural Resources, and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources and the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the Senate, a report examining whether the 
system described in paragraph (2) should be estab-
lished as a National User Facility within the Depart-
ment or as a research facility within another Federal 
agency. 
‘‘(6) INTEROPERABILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall en-
sure that activities carried out under paragraphs 
(1) and (2), including observation, data collec-
tion, monitoring, and model development and 
enhancements, are interoperable and may be in-
tegrated with existing related systems at the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
and other relevant Federal agencies, as prac-
ticable. 
‘‘(B) RESOURCES.—In carrying out sub-
paragraph (A), in support of interoperability, as 
practicable, the Director may make available to 
other Federal agencies high performance com-
puting resources.
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‘‘(C) NOAA.—The National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration shall integrate the 
data collected under the programs carried out 
under paragraphs (1) and (2) into relevant data 
systems and models, as practicable. 
‘‘(j) ENGINEERED ECOSYSTEMS INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
within the Biological and Environmental Research 
program an initiative focused on the development of 
engineered ecosystems through the application of arti-
ficial intelligence, novel sensing capabilities, and 
other emerging technologies. 
‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY
COORDINATION.—The Sec-
retary shall coordinate with the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Administrator of the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Sec-
retary of Agriculture, and other relevant officials to 
avoid duplication of research and observational ac-
tivities and to ensure that activities carried out under 
the initiative established under paragraph (1) are 
complimentary to activities being undertaken by other 
agencies. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development,
163 
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Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate a report on the activity authorized under this sub-
section. 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this 
section— 
‘‘(1) $885,420,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $946,745,200 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,001,149,912 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,068,818,907 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,129,948,041 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(e) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.—Section 977 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317) is amend-
ed by striking subsection (f) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(f) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program 
under section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the 
Director shall support up to 6 bioenergy research cen-
ters to conduct fundamental research in plant and
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diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help 
advance research in all areas of computational science 
relevant to the mission of the Department, including 
quantum computing. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated for the Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research Program, there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary for carrying out activities 
under this subsection— 
‘‘(A) $15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(B) $16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(C) $17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(D) $18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(E) $19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this 
section— 
‘‘(1) $1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) QUANTUM SCIENCE NETWORK.—
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(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amend-
ed— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM
NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 
any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 
to enable the development and deployment of scalable 
and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 
(2) DEPARTMENT
OF
ENERGY
QUANTUM
NET-
WORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Title IV of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 
to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to accel-