I 
111TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4959 
To strengthen the capacity of the United States to lead the international 
community in reversing the trends of renewable natural resource degrada-
tion around the world that threaten to undermine global prosperity 
and security and diminish the diversity of life on Earth. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 25, 2010 
Mr. CARNAHAN (for himself, Mr. FORTENBERRY, Mr. REICHERT, Mr. MORAN 
of Virginia, Mr. SIRES, Mr. EHLERS, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mrs. MALONEY, and 
Mr. DICKS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs 
A BILL 
To strengthen the capacity of the United States to lead 
the international community in reversing the trends of 
renewable natural resource degradation around the world 
that threaten to undermine global prosperity and security 
and diminish the diversity of life on Earth. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Conservation 
Act of 2010’’. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Five hundred million people in developing 
countries depend on fresh water from natural areas 
that are under threat of degradation. 
(2) Two billion people depend on rapidly dimin-
ishing fish stocks for a significant source of their 
daily protein. 
(3) 
Wild 
species 
provide 
more 
than 
$300,000,000,000 in benefits to world agriculture 
from natural pest control and the pollination of two- 
thirds of the crop species that feed the world. 
(4) Plant breeding programs involving genetic 
enhancements from the wild relatives of agricultural 
crops have helped feed billions of people around the 
world and are valued at $115,000,000,000 per year. 
(5) Human degradation of and encroachment 
into natural ecosystems such as rainforests increases 
opportunities for the outbreak and spread of animal- 
borne infectious diseases—similar to AIDS, SARS, 
avian flu, malaria, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and 
yellow fever—that could cause high levels of mor-
tality and affect major global industries including 
travel, trade, tourism, food production, and finance. 
(6) Forests prevent catastrophic flooding and 
severe drought, and coral reefs and mangroves re-
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duce the impact of large storms on coastal popu-
lations saving $9,000,000,000 in damages each year 
and reducing outlays for disaster assistance. 
(7) The destruction of forests mostly in devel-
oping countries releases more greenhouse gases than 
the entire world transportation sector. As one of the 
most cost effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions, a global forest conservation program 
could help reduce the cost to the United States of 
efforts to reduce emissions. 
(8) More than half of the most prescribed medi-
cines in the United States are derived directly from 
natural compounds or patterned after them. Due to 
the loss of natural areas and compounds from wild 
species, one marketable prescription drug is esti-
mated to be lost every two years. 
(9) The U.S. National Intelligence Council ex-
pects demographic trends and natural resource scar-
cities relating to water, food, arable land, and energy 
sources to lead to instabilities and conflict in the 
years ahead. 
(10) Illegal logging, fishing, and mining in de-
veloping countries flood the international market 
with low-cost products that undercut the competi-
tiveness of responsible companies in the United 
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States. In the absence of competition from illegal 
producers, the United States would be able to in-
crease wood product exports by $460,000,000 a 
year. 
(11) Sound natural resource management, 
healthy levels of species diversity, and functioning 
natural ecosystems are vital to alleviating poverty 
for many communities in developing countries that 
depend on these resources for food, medicine, hous-
ing material, and other necessities. 
(12) Women are especially vulnerable to the 
threat of natural resource degradation because they 
produce most of the food and collect most of the 
firewood in many regions, comprise a large portion 
of small landholders and small-scale producers, face 
heightened food insecurity, and have less access to 
land, other natural resources, credit and resource 
management assistance. 
(13) The initial stages of a major extinction cri-
sis are occurring now, and as many as two-thirds of 
all known species could be near extinction by the end 
of this century. Three-quarters of the world’s terres-
trial species are in developing countries that are rap-
idly destroying their natural areas and habitats. 
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(14) The United States does not have a strat-
egy for reversing any of the major renewable natural 
resource depletion trends around the world and the 
threats they pose to the nation’s health, security, or 
economy. 
(15) Several executive branch agencies are en-
gaged in some aspect of international conservation, 
yet their efforts are not coordinated in a manner 
that maximizes the effectiveness of the United 
States’ international conservation efforts overall. 
(16) Participation by the United States in mul-
tilateral efforts to conserve natural resources, such 
as through the World Bank and the Global Environ-
mental Facility, leverages financial commitments by 
other countries by a much as 14 to one. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES; 
DEVELOPING 
WORLD.—The terms ‘‘developing countries’’ and 
‘‘developing world’’ mean a country or countries with 
a relatively low level of material well being and con-
sidered ‘‘developing’’ by the World Bank’s 2009 
Country Classification System with 2008 Gross Na-
tional Income per capita below $11,905. 
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(2) HOTSPOT REGIONS.—The term ‘‘hotspot re-
gions’’ means regions of the developing world that 
contain an unusually high concentration of species 
found nowhere else and that have lost at least 70 
percent of their original extent. 
(3) NATURAL RESOURCES OR RENEWABLE NAT-
URAL RESOURCES.—The terms ‘‘natural resources’’ 
and ‘‘renewable natural resources’’ mean natural re-
sources, including soils, forests, animal and plant 
populations and products, coral reefs, and water but 
do not include nonrenewable natural resources such 
as minerals, oil, and other fossil fuels. 
(4) SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT CER-
TIFICATION SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘sustainable forest 
management certification system’’ means a system 
of forest monitoring and forest products tracking de-
signed to ensure that forest products are produced 
using methods that take into account a variety of 
widely accepted environmental, social, and economic 
criteria. 
(5) THREATENED SPECIES.—The term ‘‘threat-
ened species’’ means, at a minimum, species identi-
fied by the International Union for the Conservation 
of Nature and its constituent networks of govern-
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ments, specialist groups, and other stakeholders as 
having a high probability of global extinction. 
(6) 
WILDERNESS.—The 
term 
‘‘wilderness’’ 
means areas of the developing world larger than 
2,500,000 acres and more than 70 percent intact. 
SEC. 4. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this Act is to strengthen United 
States leadership and the effectiveness of the United 
States response to the worldwide natural resource and bio-
diversity depletion crisis under existing statutory authority 
governing United States international assistance for con-
servation by— 
(1) establishing a comprehensive global natural 
resource and biodiversity conservation assistance 
strategy for United States Government activities as-
sisting developing countries that includes a plan 
for— 
(A) addressing major natural resource deg-
radation trends relating to human well-being 
and environmental sustainability such as loss of 
soils, watersheds, wilderness, fish stocks, for-
ests, species, and other critical resources; 
(B) identifying clear goals, priorities, and 
benchmarks of success; 
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(C) the phased expansion of existing crit-
ical programs where necessary; 
(D) improved coordination among execu-
tive branch agencies engaged in international 
conservation in order to clarify roles, reduce du-
plication, and enhance effectiveness; and 
(E) improved integration of conservation 
goals within the development, security, and 
other foreign policy priorities of the United 
States; 
(2) providing authorization for funding for 
United States efforts to help address the major 
threats to natural resources, species, and ecosystems 
in developing countries; and 
(3) improving coordination among the United 
States, foreign governments, and international orga-
nizations in effectively delivering conservation assist-
ance through governments, multilateral organiza-
tions, private organizations, and local communities 
and community partnerships. 
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TITLE I—POLICY PLANNING AND 
IMPLEMENTATION 
SEC. 
101. 
COMPREHENSIVE 
UNITED 
STATES 
INTER-
NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, acting through the 
Coordinator for Global Conservation designated pursuant 
section 102, shall, not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, establish a comprehensive 
and integrated strategy (hereafter referred to as the 
‘‘International Conservation Strategy’’) to help combat 
global natural resource and biodiversity degradation in de-
veloping countries and that builds on existing bilateral and 
multilateral programs and strengthens the capacity of the 
United States to collaborate with developing countries and 
other donor countries and the private sector and be an 
effective leader of an international effort of such Strategy. 
(b) PROGRAMMATIC APPROACH.—The International 
Conservation Strategy established pursuant to subsection 
(a) shall provide a comprehensive Government-wide plan 
of action to address global natural resource and biodiver-
sity degradation that identifies specific and measurable 
goals, benchmarks, and time frames, including— 
(1) advancing conservation in the world’s most 
ecologically and economically important terrestrial 
wilderness areas and marine ecosystems such that 
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conservation or sustainable development consistent 
with long-term conservation has been achieved on an 
area of land exceeding 2,000,000 square miles and 
an area of sea exceeding 6,000,000 square miles; 
(2) protecting 34 discrete hotspot regions that 
provide a high level of economic benefit to human 
communities as well as a high concentration of ge-
netic and other natural resources; 
(3) helping developing countries address unlaw-
ful, unreported, and unregulated fishing in ten devel-
oping countries where fish stocks are severely de-
pleted and regional fishing economies threatened 
through increased surveillance and enforcement; 
(4) safeguarding natural areas providing fresh 
water to 12 major urban centers in developing coun-
tries or 50,000,000 people in developing countries; 
(5) advancing enforcement efforts against un-
lawful wildlife trafficking operations in ten centers 
of the unlawful global wildlife trade; 
(6) stabilizing or reversing renewable natural 
resource scarcity trends in three regions that are 
vulnerable to conflict, instability, or mass migration 
from natural resource depletion; and 
(7) expanding substantially the amount of eco-
nomically and ecologically significant forested land 
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under a credible sustainable forest management cer-
tification system. 
(c) COORDINATION
AND LEVERAGE.—The Inter-
national Conservation Strategy shall coordinate and lever-
age the participation of relevant executive branch agen-
cies, foreign governments, and the private sector in ways 
that— 
(1) clarify United States efforts to address the 
conservation crisis within the broader United States 
development, foreign policy, and security agendas; 
(2) establish policy guidance to link investments 
in specific conservation programs to the broader 
goals of advancing economic development, alleviating 
poverty, improving United States economic competi-
tiveness, protecting global public health, improving 
the access of women to natural resources, and reduc-
ing resource scarcities that have the potential to lead 
to civil instabilities, mass migrations, and conflict; 
(3) reflect Government-wide policy that encom-
passes the programs of and reduces duplication 
among executive branch agencies that influence or 
engage in international conservation; 
(4) provide a plan to identify and improve 
United States policies that could be undermining the 
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conservation of critical natural resources and bio-
diversity abroad; and 
(5) seek to encourage and leverage participation 
from the private sector, other donor governments, 
governments of developing countries, international 
financial institutions, and other international organi-
zations to implement such Strategy. 
(d) REVISION.—Not later than five years after the 
International Conservation Strategy is established, such 
Strategy shall be revised to reflect— 
(1) new information collected pursuant to the 
implementation of such Strategy; 
(2) advances in the understanding of biological 
diversity, the economic and security impacts of re-
newable natural resource degradation, and climate 
change; and 
(3) the impacts of climate change on conserva-
tion, biodiversity, and human needs. 
SEC. 102. POLICY IMPLEMENTATION. 
(a) COORDINATOR.—The President shall designate 
an individual to serve in the Executive Office of the Presi-
dent as the Coordinator for Global Conservation (hereafter 
referred to as the ‘‘Coordinator’’). The Coordinator 
shall— 
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(1) advise the President on international con-
servation-related issues; 
(2) oversee the development and implementa-
tion of the International Conservation Strategy es-
tablished pursuant to section 101(a); 
(3) enhance program and policy coordination 
among the relevant executive branch agencies in im-
plementing the International Conservation Strategy 
by ensuring that each relevant executive branch 
agency undertakes programs primarily in those 
areas where each such agency has the greatest ex-
pertise, technical capabilities, and potential for suc-
cess and ensuring that agencies avoid duplication of 
effort; 
(4) evaluate the effectiveness of the inter-
national conservation programs of the relevant exec-
utive branch agencies in meeting the goals of the 
International Conservation Strategy by developing 
and applying specific performance measurements; 
(5) assess and certify the adequacy of the budg-
ets for the international conservation programs of 
the relevant executive branch agencies in meeting 
the goals of the International Conservation Strategy, 
and submit to the heads of the departments and 
agencies with responsibilities under such Strategy by 
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July 1 of each year budget recommendations, includ-
ing requests for specific initiatives that are con-
sistent with the President’s priorities under such 
Strategy; 
(6) take such actions as are necessary to ensure 
that the climate change, export and business devel-
opment, trade, and development and humanitarian 
assistance polices of the various executive branch 
agencies advance the interests of the United States 
in conserving critical global natural resources and 
biodiversity; 
(7) identify innovative pilot projects or under-
funded programs for early or immediate funding 
that are important for demonstrating or further de-
veloping conservation methodologies or approaches 
likely to be important to the success of the Inter-
national Conservation Strategy; 
(8) identify innovative pilot projects or under-
funded programs that result in expanding the access 
of women to sustainably managed natural resources 
and to techniques for improved natural resource 
management; 
(9) expand significantly the role of private sec-
tor leveraging in United States bilateral global con-
servation assistance by substantially expanding pro-
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grams that leverage private sector contributions, 
such as the Agency for International Development’s 
Global Development Alliance in the conservation sec-
tor; and 
(10) take such actions as are necessary to use 
diplomatic mechanisms, relevant international insti-
tutions and agreements, and other appropriate 
mechanisms to lead other countries toward the goals 
and actions of the International Conservation Strat-
egy, together with commitments of increased funding 
for meeting such goals. 
(b) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP
ON GLOBAL 
CONSERVATION.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Coordinator shall 
establish in the executive branch the Interagency 
Working Group on Global Conservation (hereafter 
referred to as ‘‘the interagency group’’). 
(2) DUTIES.—The interagency group shall— 
(A) advise the Coordinator on the develop-
ment and implementation of the International 
Conservation Strategy; 
(B) assist the Coordinator in discharging 
the responsibilities of the Coordinator specified 
in subsection (a); 
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(C) review policies that may be obstacles to 
achieving the goals of the International Con-
servation Strategy; 
(D) oversee and report on the implementa-
tion of the strategy within the relevant execu-
tive branch agencies; 
(E) advise the Coordinator of measures to 
increase appropriate agency participation in and 
interagency 
coordination 
on 
conservation 
projects; and 
(F) meet regularly to review progress on 
the objectives described in subparagraphs (A) 
through (E). 
(3) MEMBERSHIP.—The interagency group 
shall consist of officials in relevant executive branch 
agencies responsible for overseeing and imple-
menting programs that conduct international con-
servation activities or affect the ability of the United 
States to achieve the goals of the International Con-
servation Strategy, as well as officials capable of 
providing information to the Coordinator that can 
aid in the development and implementation of such 
Strategy. 
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SEC. 103. PRESIDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON GLOBAL 
CONSERVATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall establish 
the President’s Advisory Committee for Global Conserva-
tion (hereafter referred to as ‘‘the Advisory Committee’’) 
to ensure that the best scientific expertise and the con-
cerns of relevant public constituencies are reflected in the 
international conservation policies of the United States. 
(b) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall— 
(1) advise the President on the development 
and implementation of the International Conserva-
tion Strategy established pursuant to section 101(a); 
(2) assist the Coordinator in the implementa-
tion of the Coordinator’s responsibilities in accord-
ance with section 102; 
(3) review periodically the progress of such 
Strategy and at least on an annual basis bring to 
the attention of the Coordinator innovative pilot 
projects that further develop conservation meth-
odologies likely to be important to the success of the 
International Conservation Strategy; and 
(4) take steps to educate the public about the 
global conservation programs of the United States. 
(c) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Committee shall 
consist of at least 25 members, of whom— 
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(1) not fewer than four shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
international conservation; 
(2) not fewer than two shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
the relationship among natural resources, biodiver-
sity, economic development, and poverty alleviation; 
(3) not fewer than two shall be selected from 
representatives of United States private businesses 
or trade associations and have an expertise in the re-
lationship between global natural resource conserva-
tion and the competitiveness of the United States 
economy or key industries; 
(4) not fewer than two shall be former members 
of Congress or former high level officials in the exec-
utive branch; 
(5) not fewer than two shall represent religious 
institutions or communities of faith; 
(6) not fewer than one shall be an expert on the 
effects of natural resource degradation on women’s 
lives and livelihoods; 
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(7) not fewer than one shall be selected from a 
zoological institution with expertise in in situ and ex 
situ conservation; 
(8) not fewer than one shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
global freshwater water supply; 
(9) not fewer than one shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
the relationship between natural resource conserva-
tion and food security; 
(10) not fewer than one shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
the effects of climate change on natural resources 
and biological diversity; 
(11) not fewer than one shall be a former mem-
ber of the United States Armed Forces and have an 
expertise in natural resource scarcity and conflict 
and security issues; 
(12) not fewer than one shall be selected from 
representatives of United States universities or non-
governmental organizations and have an expertise in 
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infectious diseases that can be shared between ani-
mal and human populations; and 
(13) not fewer than one shall be selected from 
the arts or the media. 
(d) PERIOD OF APPOINTMENT.—Each member of the 
Advisory Committee shall be appointed for a term of three 
years except that of the initial members of the committee 
in which one-third of the members shall be appointed for 
a term of two years, one-third shall be appointed for a 
term of three years, and one-third shall be appointed for 
a term of four years. 
(e) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Committee shall con-
vene at the request of the chairperson who shall be se-
lected by the Coordinator or, at the discretion of the Coor-
dinator, selected by a majority vote of the members of the 
Advisory Committee. 
(f) REPORTING.—The Advisory Committee shall re-
port to the Coordinator on its deliberations, conclusions, 
and recommendations. 
(g) EXPENSES.—The members of the Advisory Com-
mittee shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem 
in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees 
of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, 
United States Code, while away from their homes or reg-
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ular places of business in performance of services for the 
committee. 
(h) EXEMPTION.—The Federal Advisory Committee 
Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the work process 
and recommendations of the Advisory Committee. 
SEC. 104. REPORTING. 
(a) ANNUAL REPORTS, INCLUDING BEST PRACTICES 
REPORTS.—Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Presi-
dent shall transmit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the develop-
ment and implementation of the International Conserva-
tion Strategy established pursuant to section 101(a) as-
sessing progress made during the preceding year and high-
lighting the programs receiving financial assistance from 
the United States that have the potential for replication 
or adaptation, particularly at low cost, across international 
conservation programs. 
(b) PROGRAM REVIEW.—Not later than four years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 
shall transmit to the committees referred to in subsection 
(a) a report assessing progress made during the preceding 
four years and evaluating the effectiveness of United 
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States global conservation programs in achieving the 
International Conservation Strategy. 
(c) PUBLICATION
OF REPORTS.—The Coordinator 
shall ensure that all reports required by this section are 
published on the White House Web site or another appro-
priate Web site. 
SEC. 105. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as 
may be necessary to carry out this title. 
TITLE II—MULTILATERAL 
PROGRAMS 
SEC. 201. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this title is to leverage significantly 
United States financial commitments to global natural re-
sources conservation by encouraging other countries to 
make substantial commitments of funding and other forms 
of assistance to a comprehensive and coordinated inter-
national natural resource and biodiversity conservation as-
sistance strategy in order to promote economic develop-
ment, human health, food and water security, environ-
mental sustainability, the protection of biodiversity, and 
local and regional security. 
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SEC. 202. DIPLOMATIC GOALS AND VENUES. 
(a) GOALS.—Congress urges the President to work 
with the world’s major foreign assistance donor countries 
to— 
(1) develop a comprehensive and coordinated 
international conservation assistance strategy con-
sistent with the priorities identified in the United 
States International Conservation Strategy estab-
lished pursuant to section 101(a); 
(2) identify innovative and efficient multilateral 
mechanisms that can be used to coordinate inter-
national action by all participating donor countries, 
identify and reduce duplication of efforts among 
such donors, achieve the most cost effective invest-
ments, and leverage international foreign assistance 
with meaningful financial and other commitments in 
recipient countries; 
(3) agree on funding requirements and funding 
goals from all participating donor countries; 
(4) negotiate a timetable for achieving such 
Strategy’s goals; and 
(5) promote existing multilateral initiatives de-
signed to identify meaningful levels of interim fund-
ing for forest conservation in developing countries in 
advance of the implementation of any international 
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program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 
forest destruction and degradation. 
(b) VENUES.—Congress urges the President to ex-
plore opportunities for achieving the goals identified in 
this section within the context of United States bilateral 
diplomacy with other important international donor coun-
tries, bilateral diplomacy with newly emerging donor coun-
tries, and all appropriate multilateral venues. 
Æ 
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