I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2847 
To amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to allow all eligible voters 
to vote by mail in Federal elections, to amend the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993 to streamline the procedures under which individ-
uals may apply to register to vote in such elections through State motor 
vehicle authorities, to permit automatic voter registration through such 
authorities for eligible citizens of the United States, and for other pur-
poses. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 10, 2025 
Ms. HOYLE of Oregon (for herself, Ms. BONAMICI, Mr. CARSON, Ms. CHU, 
Mr. DELUZIO, Ms. DEXTER, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. NORTON, Ms. 
SALINAS, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Ms. TLAIB, Mr. TONKO, Mr. VEASEY, and 
Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the 
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be sub-
sequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 
such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to allow 
all eligible voters to vote by mail in Federal elections, 
to amend the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 
to streamline the procedures under which individuals may 
apply to register to vote in such elections through State 
motor vehicle authorities, to permit automatic voter reg-
istration through such authorities for eligible citizens 
of the United States, and for other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Vote at Home Act of 
2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) An inequity of voting rights exists in the 
United States because voters in some States have 
the universal right to vote by mail while voters in 
other States do not. 
(2) Many voters often have work, family, or 
other commitments that make getting to polls and 
waiting in line on the date of an election difficult or 
impossible. Many citizens with disabilities are phys-
ically unable to vote due to long lines, inadequate 
parking, no curb cuts, steep ramps, and large 
crowds. In the 2022 election, the Election Assistance 
Commission found that 20 percent of voters with 
disabilities faced difficulties voting in person. 
(3) In 2020, despite a global pandemic, the 
general election saw record high turnout as a result 
of increased vote by mail options, which allowed vot-
ers to cast a ballot and stay safe at the same time. 
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(4) 36 States and the District of Columbia cur-
rently allow universal absentee voting (also known as 
‘‘no-excuse’’ absentee voting), which permits any 
voter to request a mail-in ballot without providing a 
reason for the request. No State which has imple-
mented no-excuse absentee voting has repealed it. 
(5) 7 states and Washington, DC, conduct elec-
tions entirely by mail. At least 13 States currently 
allow some elections to be conducted by mail, espe-
cially in large and rural jurisdictions where voting by 
mail is especially convenient. Polling stations in 
rural jurisdictions tend to have higher costs per 
voter, smaller staffs, and limited resources. Trans-
portation is often a crucial barrier for rural voters. 
(6) In 2020, in order to provide greater accessi-
bility and to protect the public health, 30 States 
adopted or changed their laws for the general elec-
tion to allow voters to cast their ballots from home. 
These changes included removing strict excuse re-
quirements or allowing COVID–19 concerns to be a 
valid excuse to vote absentee, allowing ballot drop 
boxes, offering prepaid postage on election mail and 
proactively sending all active registered voters appli-
cations to request an absentee ballot, with some even 
skipping that step and sending the actual ballots. 
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(7) Voting by mail gives voters more time to 
consider their choices, which is especially important 
as many ballots contain greater numbers of ques-
tions about complex issues than in the past due to 
the expanded use of the initiative and referendum 
process in many States. 
(8) Voting by mail is cost effective. After the 
State of Oregon adopted vote by mail for all voters 
in 1996, the cost to administer an election in the 
State dropped by nearly 30 percent over the next 
few elections, from $3.07 per voter to $2.21 per 
voter. After Colorado implemented all-mail balloting 
in 2013, voting administration costs decreased by an 
average of 40 percent. The cost of conducting vote- 
by-mail elections is generally one-third to one-half 
less than conducting polling place elections. Voting 
by mail also saves a substantial amount by getting 
rid of the temporary labor costs of hiring poll work-
ers. In addition to that cost, many jurisdictions have 
been facing difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers 
of poll workers. 
(9) Allowing all voters the option to vote by 
mail can reduce waiting times for those voters who 
choose to vote at the polls. In 2024, voters in Illinois 
reported waiting in line up to 4 hours to vote; in 
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Pennsylvania, voters reported waiting more than 6 
hours to cast a ballot. 
(10) Voting by mail is preferable to many vot-
ers as an alternative to going to the polls. In 2024, 
nearly 30 percent of ballots in the United States 
were cast by mail, up from 10 percent in 2000. Vot-
ing by mail has become increasingly popular with 
voters who want to be certain that they are able to 
vote no matter what comes up on Election Day, as 
it reduces the physical obstacles and eases the time 
constraints connected with the act of voting. 
(11) Despite attempts to claim that voting by 
mail is susceptible to fraud, it is not. Strategies such 
as the tracking systems for ballots and Postal Serv-
ice cooperation in preventing ballots from being de-
livered to names not recognized as receiving mail at 
an address nearly eliminate the potential for fraud 
in vote by mail elections. Evidence of undue influ-
ence or voter coercion after vote-by-mail implementa-
tion in Oregon has been nonexistent to minimal. 
(12) Many of the reasons which voters in many 
States are required to provide in order to vote by 
mail require the revelation of personal information 
about health, travel plans, or religious activities, 
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which violate voters’ privacy while doing nothing to 
prevent voter fraud. 
(13) State laws which require voters to obtain 
a notary signature to vote by mail only add cost and 
inconvenience to voters without increasing security. 
(14) Vote-by-mail typically increases turnout in 
all elections, but can be particularly effective in in-
creasing voter participation in special elections and 
primary elections. Oregon, Washington, and Colo-
rado, 3 States with entirely vote by mail systems, 
continue to have consistently high voter turnout 
rates. 
(15) A crucial component of a modern voting 
system is making it easy, affordable, and accessible 
to register to vote. 24 States and the District of Co-
lumbia have enacted automatic voter registration 
policies, with Oregon and California becoming the 
first to automatically register their citizens to vote 
when they apply for a driver’s license. Automatic, 
permanent voter registration has the potential to in-
crease participation, protect election integrity, and 
reduce registration costs. 
SEC. 3. PROMOTING ABILITY OF VOTERS TO VOTE BY MAIL 
IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS. 
(a) VOTING BY MAIL IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 
et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 303 
the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 303A. PROMOTING ABILITY OF VOTERS TO VOTE BY 
MAIL. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If an individual in a State is eli-
gible to cast a vote in an election for Federal office, the 
State may not impose any additional conditions or require-
ments on the eligibility of the individual to cast the vote 
in such election by mail, except to the extent that the 
State imposes a deadline for requesting the ballot and re-
lated voting materials from the appropriate State or local 
election official and for returning the ballot to the appro-
priate State or local election official. 
‘‘(b) PROVISION OF BALLOT MATERIALS.—Not later 
than 2 weeks before the date of any election for Federal 
office, each State shall mail ballots to individuals who are 
registered to vote in such election. 
‘‘(c) ACCESSIBILITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIS-
ABILITIES.—All ballots provided under this section shall 
be accessible to individuals with disabilities in a manner 
that provides the same opportunity for access and partici-
pation (including for privacy and independence) as for 
other voters. 
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‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to affect the authority of States 
to conduct elections for Federal office through the use of 
polling places at which individuals cast ballots. 
‘‘(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—A State shall be required 
to comply with the requirements of this section with re-
spect to elections for Federal office held in years beginning 
with 2026.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
ENFORCEMENT.—Section 401 of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking ‘‘and 304’’ 
and inserting ‘‘303A, and 304’’. 
(3) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents for such Act is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 303 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 303A. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail.’’. 
(b) FREE POSTAGE FOR VOTING BY MAIL.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 34 of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘§ 3407. Ballots provided for voting in Federal elec-
tions 
‘‘Blank ballots mailed pursuant to section 303A(b) 
of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 which are mailed 
by a State or local election official (individually or in bulk) 
to a voter, and voted ballots which are mailed by a voter 
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to an election official, shall be carried expeditiously and 
free of postage.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING
AMEND-
MENTS.— 
(A) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of 
sections for chapter 34 of title 39, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘3407. Ballots provided for voting in Federal elections.’’. 
(B) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—Section 2401(c) of title 39, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘3403 
through 3406’’ and inserting ‘‘3403 through 
3407’’. 
SEC. 4. VOTER REGISTRATION THROUGH STATE MOTOR 
VEHICLE AUTHORITIES. 
(a) STREAMLINING EXISTING PROCEDURES.—Sec-
tion 5 of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 
U.S.C. 20504) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 5. VOTER REGISTRATION THROUGH MOTOR VEHICLE 
AUTHORITY. 
‘‘(a) STREAMLINED REGISTRATION THROUGH APPLI-
CATION FOR DRIVER’S LICENSE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall include a 
voter registration application form for elections for 
Federal office as part of an application for a State 
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registration with respect to elections for Federal of-
fice in a State under this subsection, an attestation 
of eligibility, including an attestation that the appli-
cant is a United States citizen, shall be treated as 
the presumptive minimum amount of information 
necessary for the State to assess the eligibility of an 
applicable individual to vote in such elections and for 
the State to administer voter registration, except 
that a State shall prevent the completion of or reject 
the voter registration application of an applicable in-
dividual based upon reliable information in its pos-
session demonstrating that the individual is not a 
United States citizen or is otherwise ineligible to 
register to vote in elections for Federal office in the 
State at the time of the application for a motor vehi-
cle driver’s license. 
‘‘(b) AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF ELIGIBLE CITI-
ZENS.— 
‘‘(1) DUTIES
OF
MOTOR
VEHICLE
AUTHOR-
ITY.—Each State motor vehicle authority shall 
transmit the voter registration information described 
in paragraph (2) with respect to an applicable indi-
vidual to the appropriate election official if— 
‘‘(A) such individual has presented a docu-
ment as part of an application for a State 
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motor vehicle driver’s license (including a docu-
ment presented in a previous application re-
tained by the State’s motor vehicle authority) 
demonstrating that the individual is a United 
States citizen; or 
‘‘(B) based on information provided to the 
State motor vehicle authority by the appro-
priate election official, such individual is cur-
rently registered to vote in elections for Federal 
office in the State. 
‘‘(2) VOTER REGISTRATION INFORMATION DE-
SCRIBED.—The voter registration information trans-
mitted by the State motor vehicle authority de-
scribed in this paragraph is, with respect to an ap-
plicable individual, the minimum amount of informa-
tion necessary to— 
‘‘(A) prevent duplicate voter registrations; 
‘‘(B) enable State election officials to as-
sess the eligibility of such an individual who is 
not at that time registered to vote in elections 
for Federal office in the State and to admin-
ister voter registration; and 
‘‘(C) enable State election officials to up-
date the address of such an individual who is 
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currently registered to vote in elections for Fed-
eral office in the State. 
‘‘(3) DEADLINE FOR TRANSMISSION TO ELEC-
TION OFFICIAL.—The voter registration information 
described in paragraph (2) shall be made available 
(in machine readable or other format) to the appro-
priate State election official as provided by State 
law— 
‘‘(A) subject to subparagraph (B), not 
later than 10 days after the date of acceptance; 
or 
‘‘(B) if the voter registration information 
is accepted within 5 days before the last day for 
registration to vote in an election, not later 
than 5 days after the date of acceptance. 
‘‘(4) DETERMINATION OF REGISTRATION STA-
TUS BY ELECTION OFFICIALS RECEIVING INFORMA-
TION.—Upon receiving the voter registration infor-
mation with respect to an individual under para-
graph (1), the appropriate State election official 
shall determine— 
‘‘(A) whether such individual is at that 
time registered to vote in elections for Federal 
office in the State; 
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‘‘(B) if the individual is at that time reg-
istered to vote in such elections, the address at 
which the individual is registered; and 
‘‘(C) if the individual at that time is not 
registered to vote in elections for Federal office 
in the State, whether such individual is eligible 
to vote in such elections, including as provided 
by section 8(a)(3)(B) through the procedure set 
forth in section 303(a)(2)(A)(ii)(I) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21083(a)(2)(A)(ii)(I)). 
‘‘(5) REGISTRATION
OF
ELIGIBLE
UNREGIS-
TERED INDIVIDUALS.— 
‘‘(A) NOTICE.—In the case of an applica-
ble individual who is determined by the appro-
priate State election official to be eligible to 
vote in elections for Federal office in the State 
and who is not at the time registered to vote in 
such elections, the appropriate State election of-
ficial shall issue a notice, which may be com-
bined with the notice described in section 
8(a)(2), to the individual containing— 
‘‘(i) a statement that the individual’s 
records and signature shall constitute a 
completed registration for the individual 
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unless the individual notifies the election 
official in response to the notice that the 
individual declines to be registered to vote 
in elections for Federal office held in the 
State; and 
‘‘(ii) a description of the process by 
which the individual may decline to be reg-
istered to vote in elections for Federal of-
fice in the State. 
‘‘(B) REGISTRATION.—Upon the issuance 
of a notice to an individual under subparagraph 
(A), the official shall ensure that the individual 
is registered to vote in elections for Federal of-
fice held in the State unless in response to the 
notice, the individual notifies the official that 
the individual declines to be registered to vote 
in such elections. 
‘‘(C) REMOVAL
OF
INDIVIDUALS
INCOR-
RECTLY REGISTERED.—If, after an individual is 
registered under subparagraph (B) to vote in 
elections for Federal office held in the State, 
the appropriate State election official later de-
termines that the individual does not meet the 
eligibility requirements for registering to vote in 
such elections, including as provided by section 
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8(a)(3)(B) or as a result of error relating to the 
duties of the State motor vehicle authority 
under paragraph (1), the individual shall be re-
moved from the official list of registered voters 
in the State and deemed never to have reg-
istered to vote or attempted to register to vote. 
‘‘(6) CORRECTING ADDRESSES OF INDIVIDUALS 
REGISTERED AT DIFFERENT ADDRESSES.— 
‘‘(A) NOTICE.—In the case of an applica-
ble individual who is registered to vote in elec-
tions for Federal office in the State at a dif-
ferent address in the State than the address 
provided in the information transmitted under 
this subsection, the appropriate State election 
official shall issue a notice, which may be com-
bined with the notice described in section 
8(a)(2), to the individual containing— 
‘‘(i) a statement that the address pro-
vided in such information shall be used as 
the individual’s address for voter registra-
tion purposes; and 
‘‘(ii) a description of the process by 
which the individual may correct an ad-
dress for voter registration purposes. 
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‘‘(B) CHANGE
OF
ADDRESS.—Upon the 
issuance of a notice to an individual under sub-
paragraph (A), the official shall ensure that the 
individual is registered to vote in elections for 
Federal office at the address provided in the in-
formation transmitted under this subsection un-
less the individual corrects the change of ad-
dress for voter registration purposes. 
‘‘(7) VOTER PROTECTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) PROTECTIONS FOR ERRORS IN REG-
ISTRATION.—An individual shall not be pros-
ecuted under any Federal or State law, ad-
versely affected in any civil adjudication con-
cerning immigration status or naturalization, or 
subject to an allegation in any legal proceeding 
that the individual is not a citizen of the United 
States on any of the following grounds: 
‘‘(i) The individual notified an election 
office of the individual’s automatic reg-
istration to vote under this subsection. 
‘‘(ii) The individual is not eligible to 
vote in elections for Federal office but was 
automatically registered to vote under this 
subsection due to agency error. 
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‘‘(iii) The individual was automatically 
registered to vote under this subsection at 
an incorrect address. 
‘‘(iv) The individual did not make an 
affirmation 
of 
citizenship, 
including 
through automatic registration under this 
subsection. 
‘‘(B) LIMITS ON USE OF AUTOMATIC REG-
ISTRATION.—The automatic registration of any 
individual under this subsection or the fact that 
an individual did not make an affirmation of 
citizenship, including through automatic reg-
istration under this subsection, may not be used 
as evidence against that individual in any State 
or Federal law enforcement proceeding or any 
civil adjudication concerning immigration status 
or naturalization, and an individual’s lack of 
knowledge or willfulness of such registration 
may be demonstrated by the individual’s testi-
mony alone. 
‘‘(C) PROTECTION
OF
ELECTION
INTEG-
RITY.—Nothing in subparagraphs (A) or (B) 
may be construed to prohibit or restrict any ac-
tion under color of law against an individual 
who— 
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‘‘(i) knowingly and willfully makes a 
false statement to effectuate or perpetuate 
automatic voter registration under this 
subsection by any individual; or 
‘‘(ii) casts a ballot knowingly and will-
fully in violation of State law or the laws 
of the United States. 
‘‘(c) GENERAL PROVISIONS.— 
‘‘(1) PROHIBITING TRANSMISSION OF INFORMA-
TION
ON
NONCITIZENS.—The State motor vehicle 
authority shall not transmit voter registration infor-
mation under this section with respect to an applica-
ble individual if, as part of the application for a 
State motor vehicle driver’s license, the individual— 
‘‘(A) presents a document demonstrating 
that the individual is not a United States cit-
izen at the time of the application; or 
‘‘(B) makes an attestation demonstrating 
that the individual is not a United States cit-
izen at the time of the application, if such at-
testation is required by State law for purposes 
of the application for a State motor vehicle 
driver’s license. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION ON USE OF INFORMATION.— 
No information relating to the failure of an appli-
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cant for a State motor vehicle driver’s license to sign 
a voter registration application or to an applicant’s 
decision to decline voter registration may be used for 
any purpose other than voter registration. 
‘‘(3) APPLICABLE INDIVIDUAL.—For purposes 
of this section, the term ‘applicable individual’ 
means any individual who submits an application for 
a State motor vehicle driver’s license, including an 
initial application, renewal application, or change of 
address form, whether submitted in person, by mail, 
or by electronic means.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO TIM-
ING OF REGISTRATION PRIOR TO ELECTIONS.—Section 
8(a)(1)(A) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)(A)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(A) in the case of registration through a 
motor vehicle authority under section 5— 
‘‘(i) if the valid voter registration 
form of the applicant is submitted to the 
motor vehicle authority under such section 
not later than the lesser of 30 days, or the 
period provided by State law, before the 
date of the election; or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of registration under 
section 5(b), if the voter registration infor-
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mation described in section 5(b)(2) which 
is transmitted by the motor vehicle author-
ity is submitted by the applicant to the au-
thority not later than the lesser of 30 days, 
or the period provided by State law, before 
the date of the election; or’’. 
(c) OTHER
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
4(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20503(a)(1)) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) through the State motor vehicle authority 
pursuant to section 5;’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect upon the expiration of the 
180-day period which begins on the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
Æ 
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