(6) gang presence and intimidation, and the or-
ganized and repetitive nature of the crimes that 
gangs commit, has a pernicious effect on the free 
flow of interstate commercial activities and directly 
affects the freedom and security of communities 
plagued by gang activity, diminishing the value of 
property, inhibiting the desire of national and multi-
national corporations to transact business in those 
communities, and in a variety of ways significantly 
affecting interstate and foreign commerce; 
(7) gangs often recruit and utilize minors to en-
gage in acts of violence and other serious offenses 
out of a belief that the criminal justice systems are 
more lenient on juvenile offenders; 
(8) gangs often intimidate and threaten wit-
nesses to prevent successful prosecutions; 
(9) gang recruitment can be deterred through 
increased vigilance, strong criminal penalties, part-
nerships between Federal and State and local law 
enforcement, and proactive intervention efforts, par-
ticularly targeted at juveniles, prior to gang involve-
ment; 
(10) State and local prosecutors and law en-
forcement officers, in hearings before the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the Senate and elsewhere, have 
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enlisted the help of Congress in the prevention, in-
vestigation, and prosecution of gang crimes and in 
the protection of witnesses and victims of gang 
crimes; and 
(11) because State and local prosecutors and 
law enforcement have the expertise, experience, and 
connection to the community that is needed to assist 
in combating gang violence, consultation and coordi-
nation between Federal, State, and local law enforce-
ment is critical to the successful prosecutions of 
criminal street gangs. 
TITLE I—NEW FEDERAL CRIMI-
NAL LAWS NEEDED TO FIGHT 
NATIONAL GANGS 
SEC. 101. REVISION AND EXTENSION OF PENALTIES RE-
LATED TO CRIMINAL STREET GANG ACTIV-
ITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 26 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘CHAPTER 26—CRIMINAL STREET GANGS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘521. Definitions. 
‘‘522. Criminal street gang prosecutions. 
‘‘523. Recruitment of persons to participate in a criminal street gang. 
‘‘524. Violent crimes in furtherance of criminal street gangs. 
‘‘525. Forfeiture. 
‘‘§ 521. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter: 
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‘‘(1) CRIMINAL
STREET
GANG.—The term 
‘criminal street gang’ means a formal or informal 
group or association of 5 or more individuals, who 
commit 3 or more gang crimes (not less than 1 of 
which is a serious violent felony), in 3 or more sepa-
rate criminal episodes (not less than 1 of which oc-
curs after the date of enactment of the Gang Abate-
ment and Prevention Act of 2007, and the last of 
which occurs not later than 5 years after the com-
mission of a prior gang crime (excluding any time of 
imprisonment for that individual)). 
‘‘(2) GANG
CRIME.—The term ‘gang crime’ 
means a felony offense under Federal or State law 
punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, 
in any of the following categories: 
‘‘(A) A crime that has as an element the 
use, attempted use, or threatened use of phys-
ical force against the person of another, or is 
burglary, arson, or extortion. 
‘‘(B) A crime involving obstruction of jus-
tice, or tampering with or retaliating against a 
witness, victim, or informant. 
‘‘(C) A crime involving the manufacturing, 
importing, distributing, possessing with intent 
to distribute, or otherwise trafficking in a con-
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trolled substance or listed chemical (as those 
terms are defined in section 102 of the Con-
trolled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802)). 
‘‘(D) Any conduct punishable under— 
‘‘(i) section 844 (relating to explosive 
materials); 
‘‘(ii) subsection (a)(1), (d), (g)(1) 
(where the underlying conviction is a vio-
lent felony or a serious drug offense (as 
those terms are defined in section 924(e)), 
(g)(2), (g)(3), (g)(4), (g)(5), (g)(8), (g)(9), 
(i), (j), (k), (n), (o), (p), (q), (u), or (x) of 
section 922 (relating to unlawful acts); 
‘‘(iii) subsection (b), (c), (g), (h), (k), 
(l), (m), or (n) of section 924 (relating to 
penalties); 
‘‘(iv) section 930 (relating to posses-
sion of firearms and dangerous weapons in 
Federal facilities); 
‘‘(v) section 931 (relating to purchase, 
ownership, or possession of body armor by 
violent felons); 
‘‘(vi) sections 1028 and 1029 (relating 
to fraud and related activity in connection 
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with identification documents or access de-
vices); 
‘‘(vii) section 1084 (relating to trans-
mission of wagering information); 
‘‘(viii) section 1952 (relating to inter-
state and foreign travel or transportation 
in aid of racketeering enterprises); 
‘‘(ix) section 1956 (relating to the 
laundering of monetary instruments); 
‘‘(x) section 1957 (relating to engag-
ing in monetary transactions in property 
derived from specified unlawful activity); 
or 
‘‘(xi) sections 2312 through 2315 (re-
lating to interstate transportation of stolen 
motor vehicles or stolen property). 
‘‘(E) Any conduct punishable under section 
274 (relating to bringing in and harboring cer-
tain aliens), section 277 (relating to aiding or 
assisting certain aliens to enter the United 
States), or section 278 (relating to importation 
of aliens for immoral purposes) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324, 1327, 
and 1328). 
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‘‘(F) Any crime involving aggravated sex-
ual abuse, pimping or promoting prostitution, 
obscenity (including sections 1461 through 
1465), sexual exploitation of children (including 
sections 2251, 2251A, 2252 and 2260), peon-
age, slavery or trafficking in persons (including 
sections 1581 through 1592) and sections 2421 
through 2427 (relating to transport for illegal 
sexual activity). 
‘‘(3) MINOR.—The term ‘minor’ means an indi-
vidual who is less than 18 years of age. 
‘‘(4) SERIOUS
VIOLENT
FELONY.—The term 
‘serious violent felony’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 3559. 
‘‘(5) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of 
the several States of the United States, the District 
of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or 
possession of the United States. 
‘‘§ 522. Criminal street gang prosecutions 
‘‘(a) STREET GANG CRIME.—It shall be unlawful for 
any person to knowingly commit, or conspire, threaten, or 
attempt to commit, a gang crime for the purpose of fur-
thering the activities of a criminal street gang, or gaining 
entrance to or maintaining or increasing position in a 
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criminal street gang, if the activities of that criminal street 
gang occur in or affect interstate or foreign commerce. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined under this title and— 
‘‘(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that 
would violate section 2241 if the conduct occurred in 
the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States, or maiming, imprisonment for 
any term of years or for life; 
‘‘(2) for any other serious violent felony, by im-
prisonment for not more than 30 years; 
‘‘(3) for any crime of violence that is not a seri-
ous violent felony, by imprisonment for not more 
than 20 years; and 
‘‘(4) for any other offense, by imprisonment for 
not more than 10 years. 
‘‘§ 523. Recruitment of persons to participate in a 
criminal street gang 
‘‘(a) PROHIBITED ACTS.—It shall be unlawful to 
knowingly recruit, employ, solicit, induce, command, or 
cause another person to be or remain as a member of a 
criminal street gang, or attempt or conspire to do so, with 
the intent to cause that person to participate in an offense 
described in section 522, if the defendant travels in inter-
state or foreign commerce in the course of the offense, 
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or if the activities of that criminal street gang are in or 
affect interstate or foreign commerce. 
‘‘(b) PENALTIES.—Whoever violates subsection (a) 
shall— 
‘‘(1) if the person recruited, employed, solicited, 
induced, commanded, or caused to participate or re-
main in a criminal street gang is a minor— 
‘‘(A) be fined under this title, imprisoned 
not more than 20 years, or both; and 
‘‘(B) at the discretion of the sentencing 
judge, be liable for any costs incurred by the 
Federal Government, or by any State or local 
government, for housing, maintaining, and 
treating the minor until the person attains the 
age of 18 years; 
‘‘(2) if the person who recruits, employs, solic-
its, induces, commands, or causes the participation 
or remaining in a criminal street gang is incarcer-
ated at the time the offense takes place, be fined 
under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, 
or both; and 
‘‘(3) in any other case, be fined under this title, 
imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. 
‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE NATURE OF PENALTIES.—Any 
term of imprisonment imposed under subsection (b)(2) 
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shall be consecutive to any term imposed for any other 
offense. 
‘‘§ 524. Violent crimes in furtherance of criminal 
street gangs 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son, for the purpose of gaining entrance to or maintaining 
or increasing position in, or in furtherance of, or in asso-
ciation with, a criminal street gang, or as consideration 
for anything of pecuniary value to or from a criminal 
street gang, to knowingly commit a crime of violence or 
threaten to commit a crime of violence against any indi-
vidual, or attempt or conspire to do so, if the activities 
of the criminal state gang occur in or affect interstate or 
foreign commerce. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be punished by a fine under this title and— 
‘‘(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that 
would violate section 2241 if the conduct occurred in 
the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States, or maiming, by imprisonment for 
any term of years or for life; 
‘‘(2) for a serious violent felony other than one 
described in paragraph (1), by imprisonment for not 
more than 30 years; and 
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‘‘(3) in any other case, by imprisonment for not 
more than 20 years. 
‘‘§ 525. Forfeiture 
‘‘(a) CRIMINAL FORFEITURE.—A person who is con-
victed of a violation of this chapter shall forfeit to the 
United States— 
‘‘(1) any property used, or intended to be used, 
in any manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate 
the commission of, the violation; and 
‘‘(2) any property constituting, or derived from, 
any proceeds obtained, directly or indirectly, as a re-
sult of the violation. 
‘‘(b) PROCEDURES APPLICABLE.—Pursuant to sec-
tion 2461(c) of title 28, the provisions of section 413 of 
the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 853), except 
subsections (a) and (d) of that section, shall apply to the 
criminal forfeiture of property under this section.’’. 
(b) AMENDMENT RELATING TO PRIORITY OF FOR-
FEITURE OVER ORDERS
FOR RESTITUTION.—Section 
3663(c)(4) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ‘‘chapter 46 or’’ and inserting ‘‘chapter 26, 
chapter 46, or’’ . 
(c) MONEY LAUNDERING.—Section 1956(c)(7)(D) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘, 
section 522 (relating to criminal street gang prosecutions), 
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523 (relating to recruitment of persons to participate in 
a criminal street gang), and 524 (relating to violent crimes 
in furtherance of criminal street gangs)’’ before ‘‘, section 
541’’. 
TITLE II—VIOLENT CRIME RE-
FORMS TO REDUCE GANG VI-
OLENCE 
SEC. 201. VIOLENT CRIMES IN AID OF RACKETEERING AC-
TIVITY. 
Section 1959(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘or in furtherance or in 
aid of an enterprise engaged in racketeering ac-
tivity,’’ before ‘‘murders,’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘engages in conduct that 
would violate section 2241 if the conduct oc-
curred in the special maritime and territorial 
jurisdiction of the United States,’’ before 
‘‘maims,’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘conduct 
that would violate section 2241 if the conduct oc-
curred in the special maritime and territorial juris-
diction of the United States, or maiming,’’ after 
‘‘kidnapping,’’; 
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(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘maiming’’ 
and inserting ‘‘assault resulting in serious bodily in-
jury’’; 
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘or assault re-
sulting in serious bodily injury’’; 
(5) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘five years’’ and inserting 
‘‘10 years’’; and 
(B) by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(6) by striking paragraphs (5) and (6) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(5) for attempting or conspiring to commit 
any offense under this section, by the same penalties 
(other than the death penalty) as those prescribed 
for the offense, the commission of which was the ob-
ject of the attempt or conspiracy.’’. 
SEC. 202. MURDER AND OTHER VIOLENT CRIMES COM-
MITTED DURING AND IN RELATION TO A 
DRUG TRAFFICKING CRIME. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Part D of the Controlled Sub-
stances Act (21 U.S.C. 841 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 424. MURDER AND OTHER VIOLENT CRIMES COM-
MITTED DURING AND IN RELATION TO A 
DRUG TRAFFICKING CRIME. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever, during and in relation 
to any drug trafficking crime, knowingly commits any fel-
ony crime of violence against any individual, for which im-
prisonment for a period longer than 1 year may be im-
posed, or threatens, attempts or conspires to do so, shall 
be punished by a fine under title 18, United States Code, 
and, in addition and consecutive to the punishment pro-
vided for the drug trafficking crime— 
‘‘(1) for murder, kidnapping, conduct that 
would violate section 2241 if the conduct occurred in 
the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States, or maiming, by imprisonment for 
any term of years or for life; 
‘‘(2) for a serious violent felony (as defined in 
section 3559 of title 18, United States Code) other 
than one described in paragraph (1) by imprison-
ment for not more than 30 years; 
‘‘(3) for a crime of violence that is not a serious 
violent felony, by imprisonment for not more than 
20 years; and 
‘‘(4) in any other case by imprisonment for not 
more than 10 years. 
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‘‘(b) VENUE.—A prosecution for a violation of this 
section may be brought in— 
‘‘(1) the judicial district in which the murder or 
other crime of violence occurred; or 
‘‘(2) any judicial district in which the drug traf-
ficking crime may be prosecuted. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘crime of violence’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 16 of title 18, United 
States Code; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘drug trafficking crime’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 924(c)(2) of title 
18, United States Code.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Controlled Substances Act is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 423, the following: 
‘‘Sec. 424. Murder and other violent crimes committed during and in relation 
to a drug trafficking crime.’’. 
SEC. 203. EXPANSION OF REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION 
AGAINST RELEASE OF PERSONS CHARGED 
WITH FIREARMS OFFENSES. 
Section 3142(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended in the matter following paragraph (3), by insert-
ing after ‘‘that the person committed’’ the following: ‘‘an 
offense under subsection (g)(1) (where the underlying con-
viction is a drug trafficking crime or crime of violence (as 
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those terms are defined in section 924(c))), (g)(2), (g)(3), 
(g)(4), (g)(5), (g)(8), or (g)(9) of section 922,’’. 
SEC. 204. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR VIOLENT CRIME. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 213 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 3299A. Violent crime offenses 
‘‘No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished 
for any noncapital felony crime of violence, including any 
racketeering activity or gang crime which involves any 
crime of violence, unless the indictment is found or the 
information is instituted not later than 10 years after the 
date on which the alleged violation occurred or the con-
tinuing offense was completed.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 213 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘3299A. Violent crime offenses.’’. 
SEC. 205. STUDY OF HEARSAY EXCEPTION FOR FOR-
FEITURE BY WRONGDOING. 
The Committee on Rules, Practice, Procedure, and 
Evidence of the Judicial Conference of the United States 
shall study the necessity and desirability of amending sec-
tion 804(b) of the Federal Rules of Evidence to permit 
the introduction of statements against a party by a wit-
ness who has been made unavailable where it is reasonably 
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foreseeable by that party that wrongdoing would make the 
declarant unavailable. 
SEC. 206. POSSESSION OF FIREARMS BY DANGEROUS FEL-
ONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 924(e) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking paragraph (1) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) In the case of a person who violates section 
922(g) of this title and has previously been convicted by 
any court referred to in section 922(g)(1) of a violent fel-
ony or a serious drug offense shall— 
‘‘(A) in the case of 1 such prior conviction, 
where a period of not more than 10 years has 
elapsed since the later of the date of conviction and 
the date of release of the person from imprisonment 
for that conviction, be imprisoned for not more than 
15 years, fined under this title, or both; 
‘‘(B) in the case of 2 such prior convictions, 
committed on occasions different from one another, 
and where a period of not more than 10 years has 
elapsed since the later of the date of conviction and 
the date of release of the person from imprisonment 
for the most recent such conviction, be imprisoned 
for not more than 20 years, fined under this title, 
or both; and 
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‘‘(C) in the case of 3 such prior convictions, 
committed on occasions different from one another, 
and where a period of not more than 10 years has 
elapsed since the later of date of conviction and the 
date of release of the person from imprisonment for 
the most recent such conviction, be imprisoned for 
any term of years not less than 15 years or for life 
and fined under this title, and notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, the court shall not suspend 
the sentence of, or grant a probationary sentence to, 
such person with respect to the conviction under sec-
tion 922(g).’’. 
(b) AMENDMENT TO SENTENCING GUIDELINES.— 
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, 
United States Code, the United States Sentencing Com-
mission shall amend the Federal Sentencing Guidelines to 
provide for an appropriate increase in the offense level for 
violations of section 922(g) of title 18, United States 
Code, in accordance with section 924(e) of that title 18, 
as amended by subsection (a). 
SEC. 207. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. 
The matter preceding paragraph (1) in section 
922(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by in-
serting ‘‘, transfer,’’ after ‘‘sell’’. 
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SEC. 208. AMENDMENTS RELATING TO VIOLENT CRIME. 
(a) CARJACKING.—Section 2119 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘, with the intent to cause 
death or serious bodily harm’’; 
(B) by inserting ‘‘in the physical presence 
of, and causing a reasonable apprehension of 
fear in, another individual’’ after ‘‘by force and 
violence’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘or conspires’’ after ‘‘at-
tempts’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘15 years’’ 
and inserting ‘‘20 years’’; and 
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘or impris-
oned not more than 25 years, or both’’ and inserting 
‘‘and imprisoned for any term of years or for life’’. 
(b) CLARIFICATION AND STRENGTHENING OF PROHI-
BITION ON ILLEGAL GUN TRANSFERS TO COMMIT DRUG 
TRAFFICKING CRIME OR CRIME OF VIOLENCE.—Section 
924(h) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(h) Whoever knowingly transfers a firearm that has 
moved in or that otherwise affects interstate or foreign 
commerce, knowing that the firearm will be used to com-
mit, or possessed in furtherance of, a crime of violence 
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(as defined in subsection (c)(3)) or drug trafficking crime 
(as defined in subsection (c)(2)) shall be fined under this 
title and imprisoned not more than 20 years.’’. 
(c) AMENDMENT OF SPECIAL SENTENCING PROVI-
SION RELATING TO LIMITATIONS ON CRIMINAL ASSOCIA-
TION.—Section 3582(d) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘chapter 26 of this title (crimi-
nal street gang prosecutions) or in’’ after ‘‘felony set 
forth in’’; and 
(2) by inserting ‘‘a criminal street gang or’’ be-
fore ‘‘an illegal enterprise’’. 
(d) CONSPIRACY PENALTY.—Section 371 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘five years, 
or both.’’ and inserting ‘‘20 years (unless the maximum 
penalty for the crime that served as the object of the con-
spiracy has a maximum penalty of imprisonment of less 
than 20 years, in which case the maximum penalty under 
this section shall be the penalty for such crime), or both. 
This paragraph does not supersede any other penalty spe-
cifically set forth for a conspiracy offense.’’. 
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SEC. 209. CRIMES OF VIOLENCE AND DRUG CRIMES COM-
MITTED BY ILLEGAL ALIENS. 
(a) OFFENSES.—Title 18 of the United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after chapter 51 the following new 
chapter: 
‘‘CHAPTER 52—ILLEGAL ALIENS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1131. Enhanced penalties for certain crimes committed by illegal aliens. 
‘‘§ 1131. Enhanced penalties for certain crimes com-
mitted by illegal aliens 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever, being an alien who is 
present in the United States in violation of section 275 
or 276 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1325 and 1326), knowingly commits, conspires, or at-
tempts to commit a felony crime of violence for which im-
prisonment for a period of more than 1 year may be im-
posed, or a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 
924(c)), shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 
more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘(b) PREVIOUSLY ORDERED REMOVED.—If the de-
fendant in a prosecution under subsection (a) was pre-
viously ordered removed under the Immigration and Na-
tionality Act on the grounds of having committed a crime, 
the defendant shall be fined under this title, imprisoned 
not more than 30 years, or both. 
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‘‘(c) RUNNING OF SENTENCE.—A term of imprison-
ment imposed for an offense pursuant to this section may 
not run concurrently with any other sentence of imprison-
ment imposed for another offense.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters 
at the beginning of part I of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 
51 the following new item: 
‘‘52. Illegal aliens ............................................................................... 1131’’. 
SEC. 210. PUBLICITY CAMPAIGN ABOUT NEW CRIMINAL 
PENALTIES. 
The Attorney General is authorized to conduct media 
campaigns in any area designated as a high intensity 
interstate gang activity area under section 301 and any 
area with existing and emerging problems with gangs, as 
needed, to educate individuals in that area about the 
changes in criminal penalties made by this Act, and shall 
report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate 
and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Rep-
resentatives the amount of expenditures and all other as-
pects of the media campaign. 
SEC. 211. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR TERRORISM OF-
FENSES. 
Section 3286(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
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(1) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘EIGHT-YEAR’’ and inserting ‘‘TEN-YEAR’’; and 
(2) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘8 years’’ 
and inserting ‘‘10 years’’. 
SEC. 212. CRIMES COMMITTED IN INDIAN COUNTRY OR EX-
CLUSIVE FEDERAL JURISDICTION AS RACK-
ETEERING PREDICATES. 
Section 1961(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting ‘‘, or would have been so charge-
able if the act or threat (other than gambling) had not 
been committed in Indian country (as defined in section 
1151) or in any other area of exclusive Federal jurisdic-
tion,’’ after ‘‘chargeable under State law’’. 
SEC. 213. PREDICATE CRIMES FOR AUTHORIZATION OF 
INTERCEPTION OF WIRE, ORAL, AND ELEC-
TRONIC COMMUNICATIONS. 
Section 2516(1) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘or’’ and the end of paragraph 
(r); 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (s) as para-
graph (u); and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (r) the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(s) any violation of section 424 of the Con-
trolled Substances Act (relating to murder and other 
violent crimes in furtherance of a drug trafficking 
crime); 
‘‘(t) any violation of section 522, 523, or 524 
(relating to criminal street gangs); or’’. 
SEC. 214. CLARIFICATION OF HOBBS ACT. 
Section 1951(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘including 
the unlawful impersonation of a law enforcement of-
ficer (as that term is defined in section 245(c) of 
this title),’’ after ‘‘by means of actual or threatened 
force,’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘including 
the unlawful impersonation of a law enforcement of-
ficer (as that term is defined in section 245(c) of 
this title),’’ after ‘‘by wrongful use of actual or 
threatened force,’’. 
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