tools, such as micro-insurance, and dissemination of 
research to farmers, increase ability of smallholder 
farmers to access inputs, technology, and informa-
tion, to connect with markets, to engage in local and 
national planning, implementation, monitoring and 
evaluation regarding food and nutrition and related 
issues, to undertake new or diversified production 
while maintaining stable food supply, to be resilient 
in the face of shocks and stresses, and to respond 
to projected changes in weather patterns; 
(10) target investments in appropriate tech-
nologies and approaches to increase sustainable agri-
cultural production, improve post-harvest storage, 
enhance family livelihood and nutrition, stimulate 
broad-based economic growth, and improve access to 
local, regional, and international markets; 
(11) target research, development of new tech-
nologies, extension agents, and funding towards the 
goal of reducing post-harvest losses by 50 percent or 
more; 
(12) incorporate approaches directed at reduc-
ing hunger and malnutrition for people living in ex-
treme poverty and those most vulnerable to mal-
nutrition, especially pregnant and lactating women, 
children in their first 1,000 days, and children under 
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age 5, adolescent girls, communities in hard to reach 
areas, and marginalized populations, including avail-
ability, access, nutritional education, consumption 
and utilization of food, and delivery platforms such 
as community health workers; 
(13) recognize international food assistance pro-
grams as important to improving maternal and child 
health through improved nutrition among the poor-
est and most vulnerable populations, and focus on 
increasing their flexibility to increase program effi-
ciency, impact, and the number of people reached; 
(14) address the nutritional needs of pregnant 
and lactating mothers, children in their first 1,000 
days, children who have not attained the age of 5, 
and adolescent girls, and recognize the importance 
of prioritizing interventions, such as exclusive 
breast-feeding, complementary feeding practices, 
iron folate supplements, Vitamin A and zinc supple-
ments, good hygiene and other evidence-based inter-
ventions; 
(15) prioritize, support, and promote the cen-
tral role of women in agricultural production and re-
lated activities, including in household, local, and na-
tional decision-making processes, in the countries of 
operation; ensure programs and approaches address 
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the special needs of women farmers, women living in 
poverty, and the needs of all people who are 
agriculturalists, pastoralists, or otherwise engaged in 
agriculture-related enterprises; ensure use of gender 
analysis to enable identification of barriers and rel-
evant interventions to address gender inequality; 
(16) uphold and promote the principle of free, 
prior, and informed consent in relation to land ac-
cess and use rights; monitor and document the trend 
of large scale land acquisitions and lease agreements 
in developing countries; promote global standards of 
transparency for large international land deals; 
(17) expand and prioritize United States assist-
ance programs that strengthen land management in 
developing countries and actively support efforts to 
develop guidelines and support applications of land 
governance tools; 
(18) include and provide appropriate linkages 
with existing United States international water, en-
ergy, forest, weather and biodiversity programs; in-
clude assessment and monitoring of the effects of 
global changing weather patterns; prioritize the en-
hancement of natural resources and ecosystem resil-
ience and the reduction of negative environmental 
impacts from agricultural activities through sustain-
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able natural resource management practices includ-
ing building local capacity and transferring skills 
and knowledge; 
(19) ensure inclusion and consideration of as-
sessments and projections of the impacts of chang-
ing weather patterns on program priorities, objec-
tives and beneficiaries; promote inclusion of local 
knowledge and perceptions of local conditions; 
prioritize the enhancement of human capacity to re-
spond to increasing extreme weather events and cur-
rent and projected changes in weather patterns; 
(20) prioritize the enhancement of natural re-
sources and ecosystem goods and services and the 
reduction of negative environmental impacts from 
agricultural activities through sustainable natural re-
source management practices including building 
local capacity and transferring skills and knowledge; 
(21) support capacity building of national gov-
ernments to administer safety net and social protec-
tion programs that connect, integrate and expand 
existing programs to meet food and nutrition secu-
rity objectives and target the chronically hungry and 
poor; 
(22) support national governments’ efforts to 
strengthen the quality, ambition, and coverage of na-
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tional nutrition plans, through community health 
workers and other approaches; 
(23) include specific, measurable metrics, goals, 
benchmarks, time frames, and a plan of action to 
achieve the objectives described in section 101; 
(24) with respect to such metrics shall include 
annual evaluation of improved nutritional status of 
women and children, prevalence of stunted children, 
prevalence of wasted children, prevalence of under-
weight women, prevalence of anemia among women 
and children, sustainable agricultural sector growth, 
changes in agricultural sector GDP, changes in rural 
income levels, changes in per capita expenditures in 
rural households, knowledge of smallholder farmers 
regarding effective farming practices, increased em-
powerment of women smallholder farmers, and num-
bers of beneficiaries reached; 
(25) provide for annual monitoring and evalua-
tions of programs that shall include gender analysis 
and gender disaggregated data and address progress 
toward improvements in emergency assistance, ac-
cess to food, availability of food, nutritional value of 
food, utilization of food, agricultural development, 
agricultural education, and capacity to manage risk 
among food insecure populations; 
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(26) include aggregated reporting of indicators 
such as increases in income, poverty reduction, agri-
cultural productivity and child stunting in order to 
clearly show the total impact of the United States 
investment in changing lives; 
(27) include community-level capacity building, 
agricultural extension services, enhancements to ag-
ricultural infrastructure and productivity; increased 
access to financial services and markets, research 
and technology, credit and markets, availability and 
functioning of local institutions serving rural com-
munities’ needs, such as farmer-owned cooperatives, 
safety net programs, job creation, household in-
comes, research and technology, global health and 
the environment; 
(28) utilize the expertise of private voluntary 
organizations and cooperatives, international organi-
zations, community-based organizations, faith-based 
organizations, and local administrators to improve 
the sustainability and productivity of agriculture, in-
crease access to markets, enhance infrastructure, 
promote economic opportunity, address food and nu-
trition security and agricultural development needs 
at the household and community level, and protect 
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the natural resource base on which rural, agricul-
tural communities depend; 
(29) ensure United States investments in pro-
moting food and nutrition security address key de-
terminants of food insecurity, particularly— 
(A) availability and access, through invest-
ments in agricultural productivity, value chains 
and market development, and equitable dis-
tribution of and control over productive re-
sources; 
(B) utilization of food, through a multi-
faceted approach to nutrition; and 
(C) stability, through ensuring that effec-
tive mechanisms are in place to address chronic 
and cyclical food insecurity; and 
(30) ensure and promote— 
(A) alignment with and support of the 
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development 
Program and other recipient country and re-
gional strategies for addressing sustainable ag-
ricultural development; 
(B) coordination and integration of food 
and nutrition security programs between de-
partments and agencies described in paragraph 
(2) and between relevant bureaus within the 
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United States Agency for International Devel-
opment, including the Bureau of Food Security, 
the Bureau of Democracy, Conflict and Hu-
manitarian Affairs, the Bureau of Economic 
Growth, Education and the Environment, and 
the Bureau for Global Health; 
(C) inclusion of the resources of both pub-
lic, private sector, and local private sector pro-
viders of appropriate agriculture inputs, proc-
essors, and marketers, including through the 
Global Development Alliances of the United 
States Agency for International Development 
and other measures; 
(D) ensuring that private sector invest-
ments comply with the Voluntary Guidelines on 
Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, 
Fisheries, and Forests in the Context of Na-
tional Food Security regarding large-scale 
transactions; 
(E) consultation and coordination at na-
tional and local levels with local and inter-
national academic and research communities, 
civil society, representatives of small-scale food 
providers, United States and international non-
governmental organizations, cooperatives, inter-
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national organizations, international financial 
institutions, the governments of developing and 
developed countries, and other program imple-
menters; 
(F) consultation with and engagement of 
local civil society, local communities, farmer 
groups and cooperatives, and women’s groups 
in inclusive planning processes as well as the 
implementation and monitoring and evaluation 
of programs; and 
(G) national government capacity to co-
ordinate food and nutrition security planning 
and programs across all relevant ministries and 
levels of government, including the ability to 
implement comprehensive plans and programs 
to scale up nutrition intervention and through 
linkages with complementary health, water and 
sanitation systems. 
SEC. 103. REPORTS. 
(a) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and not later 
than December 31 of each year thereafter through 
2019, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report on the implemen-
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tation of the strategy described in section 102(c) 
and how it fulfills the policy objectives described in 
section 101. 
(2) CONTENT.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) a copy of the strategy and an indica-
tion of any changes made in the strategy during 
the preceding calendar year; 
(B) an assessment of progress made dur-
ing the preceding calendar year toward meeting 
the objectives described in section 101 and the 
specific goals, benchmarks, and time frames 
specified in the strategy described in section 
102(c); 
(C) a description of United States Govern-
ment bilateral programs, and investments in 
multilateral institutions, contributing to the 
achievement of the objectives described in sec-
tion 101, including the amounts expended on 
such programs during the preceding fiscal year; 
(D) an assessment of United States efforts 
to encourage business and philanthropic partici-
pation in United States food and nutrition secu-
rity and agricultural development programs, 
and to coordinate, harmonize, and align such 
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programs with similar efforts of international 
organizations, international financial institu-
tions, the governments of developing and devel-
oped countries, and United States and inter-
national nongovernmental organizations; 
(E) an assessment of progress made and 
capacity gaps in implementing and institu-
tionalizing a comprehensive approach to food 
and nutrition security, including integration of 
cross-cutting issues such as gender, environ-
ment, and nutrition, through coordinating and 
integrating global food and nutrition security 
and agricultural development research activities 
with other United States bilateral and multilat-
eral development efforts in the areas of oper-
ation; 
(F) an assessment of land tenure rights 
and land purchases within each country and 
their consistency with the Voluntary Guidelines 
on Land Tenure; 
(G) a description of those countries with 
the greatest level of food insecurity, stunting, 
and malnutrition for the primary goal of in-
creasing food and nutrition security; and 
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(H) a transparent, open, and detailed 
budget of agriculture and food security spend-
ing and progress pertaining to the strategy de-
scribed in section 102(c). 
(3) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RE-
PORT.—Not later than 270 days after the submis-
sion of each report under paragraph (1), the Comp-
troller General of the United States shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that contains— 
(A) a review of, and comments addressing, 
the report submitted under paragraph (1); and 
(B) recommendations relating to any addi-
tional actions the Comptroller General believes 
are important to improve a global food security, 
nutrition security, and agricultural development 
strategy and its implementation. 
(b) FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM REVIEW.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a report containing— 
(A) an assessment of progress made dur-
ing the preceding 4 years toward meeting the 
objectives described in section 101 and the spe-
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cific goals, benchmarks, and time frames speci-
fied in the strategy described in section 102(c); 
and 
(B) an evaluation of the impact during the 
preceding 5 years of United States food and nu-
trition security programs on food security, agri-
cultural development, nutrition, health, stunt-
ing, water and soil health, biodiversity, and eco-
nomic growth in countries suffering from chron-
ic food insecurity. 
(2) BASIS FOR REPORT.—The report required 
under paragraph (1) shall be based on assessments 
and impact evaluations utilizing sound quantitative 
and qualitative methodologies and techniques used in 
the behavioral and social sciences, and shall incor-
porate the views of smallholder farmers in the recipi-
ent countries. 
(c) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.—Each report required 
under this section shall also be made available to the pub-
lic. 
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TITLE II—BILATERAL 
PROGRAMS 
SEC. 201. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND NU-
TRITION. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Section 103(a)(1) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a(a)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and mal-
nutrition’’ and inserting ‘‘stunting, and malnutri-
tion’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 
and inserting a semicolon; 
(3) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
‘‘(D) to improve nutrition of vulnerable 
populations, such as children under the age of 
5, women of reproductive age, pregnant or lac-
tating women, including through programs of 
nutrition and health improvement for mothers 
and children, including but not limited to 
breastfeeding and all other optimal infant and 
young child feeding, as well as food-based ap-
proaches such as diet diversification, home gar-
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dening and nutritional education linked to agri-
cultural extension; 
‘‘(E) to expand the economic participation 
of women, people living in extreme poverty and 
those who lack access to agriculturally produc-
tive land, including but not limited to through 
development of rural infrastructure, disaster 
risk reduction, health and nutrition programs, 
access to local and international markets, and 
by integration of those living in extreme poverty 
into the economy; 
‘‘(F) to improve smallholder farmers’ agri-
cultural productivity, income, education, capac-
ity, and ability to manage risk including but not 
limited to through the expansion and improve-
ment of agricultural and food enterprises, ac-
cess to seed, fertilizer, and extension agents, 
farmer to farmer exchanges, cooperatives and 
associations focused on increasing the produc-
tivity and incomes of these farmers through the 
transfer of skills and knowledge; and through 
the enhancement of access to information, re-
sources, tools, equipment, seeds, technology, 
and planning and decisionmaking processes; 
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‘‘(G) to support natural resource manage-
ment, conservation management, sustainable 
water management and other sustainable agri-
cultural techniques to build resilience to shocks 
and stresses, adapt to changes in weather pat-
terns, and respond to projected changes in 
water shortages while protecting natural re-
sources; 
‘‘(H) to promote global standards of trans-
parency for international land deals, strengthen 
programs to provide land tenure to inter-
national smallholder farmers, and actively sup-
port the principle of free, prior and informed 
consent in relation to land rights and access; 
and 
‘‘(I) to use the best available metrics, 
measurements, and data analysis tools to mon-
itor, measure and evaluate effectiveness of such 
aid, with reduction in stunting, decrease in pov-
erty, and increase in smallholder farmers’ agri-
cultural production being key components of 
evaluating effectiveness.’’. 
(b) PRIORITY AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
103 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
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2151a) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(h) PRIORITY
AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—In 
providing assistance under this section, the President shall 
meet the following priority and other requirements: 
‘‘(1) Assistance under this section shall be used 
primarily for activities that are specifically designed 
to meet the purposes described in subsection (a)(1), 
including such activities as— 
‘‘(A) expansion and improvement of agri-
cultural and food enterprises, cooperatives and 
associations that can increase the productivity 
and incomes of the poor in part through the 
transfer of skills and knowledge; 
‘‘(B) linking farmers, entrepreneurs, enter-
prises and institutions in poor areas with re-
gional and national businesses, institutions and 
systems; 
‘‘(C) providing access to markets, inputs, 
financing, extension services, and appropriate 
technologies for the rural poor; 
‘‘(D) expansion of rural infrastructure and 
utilities such as farm-to-market roads, water 
management systems, land improvement, stor-
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age facilities, and energy, specifically renewable 
energy whenever practicable; 
‘‘(E) establishment of more equitable and 
more secure land tenure and resource rights ar-
rangements; and 
‘‘(F) creation and strengthening of systems 
to provide other services and supplies needed by 
farmers, such as extension, research, training, 
financing, fertilizer, water, forestry, soil con-
servation, and improved seed, in ways which as-
sure gender equitable access to such services 
and supplies by small farmers. 
‘‘(2) In circumstances in which development of 
major infrastructure is necessary to achieve the pur-
poses of subsection (a), assistance for those purposes 
may only be provided under this section in associa-
tion with significant contributions from other coun-
tries working together in a multilateral framework. 
Infrastructure projects so assisted should be environ-
mentally sensitive and complemented by other meas-
ures to ensure that the benefits of the infrastructure 
projects reach the poor. 
‘‘(3) Where appropriate to meet the purposes of 
subsection (a), assistance shall be provided under 
this section to maintain, enhance and value eco-
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system goods and services in developing countries. 
Such assistance shall include the protection of wa-
tersheds and soil, sustainable agricultural, forest, 
fisheries, and agro-forest management, and the pro-
vision of alternative household fuels that reduce de-
mand for and emissions from the combustion of local 
forest resources.’’. 
(c) PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND CO-
OPERATIVES.—In providing assistance under section 103 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151a) 
for purposes described in subparagraphs (D) through (I) 
of section 103(a)(1) of such Act, as added by subsection 
(a) of this section, the President shall enter into partner-
ships with and provide grants, cooperative agreements, 
and other assistance to private voluntary organizations 
and cooperatives to mobilize and assist low-income popu-
lations. 
SEC. 202. AGRICULTURAL AND NUTRITION RESEARCH. 
Section 103A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2151a–1) is amended in the first sentence— 
(1) by striking ‘‘, and (3) make’’ and inserting 
‘‘, (3) make’’; and 
(2) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing ‘‘, (4) include research, including farmer-driven 
research, on technological advances appropriate to 
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local ecological condition, culture, and the desires, 
needs, and priorities of the local communities, and 
(5) include research on the effects and ways to ad-
dress the effects of changing weather patterns on 
agriculture and nutrition and the measures or tech-
niques necessary to enhance the capacity of local 
communities to adapt to observed or anticipated ef-
fects through conservation management and other 
techniques.’’. 
Æ 
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