SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Anti-personnel landmines, which are de-
signed to maim and kill people, have been used in-
discriminately in dramatically increasing numbers
around the world. Hundreds of thousands of non-
combatant civilians, including children, have been
the primary victims. Unlike other military weapons,
landmines often remain implanted and undiscovered
after conflict has ended, causing massive suffering to
civilian populations.
(2) Tens of millions of landmines have been
strewn in at least 62 countries, often making whole
areas uninhabitable. The Department of State esti-
mates there are more than 10,000,000 landmines in
Afghanistan, 9,000,000 in Angola, 4,000,000 in
Cambodia, 3,000,000 in Iraqi Kurdistan, and
2,000,000 each in Somalia, Mozambique, and the
former Yugoslavia. Hundreds of thousands of land-
mines were used in conflicts in Central America in
the 1980’s.
(3) Advanced technologies are being used to
manufacture sophisticated mines which can be scat-
tered remotely at a rate of 1,000 per hour. These
mines, which are being produced by many industri-
alized countries, were discovered in Iraqi arsenals
after the Persian Gulf conflict.
(4) At least 300 types of anti-personnel land-
mines have been manufactured by at least 44 coun-
tries, including the United States. However, the
United States is not a major exporter of landmines.
During the past 10 years the Executive branch has
approved 10 licenses for the commercial export of
anti-personnel landmines with a total value of
$980,000 and has approved the sale under the For-
eign Military Sales program of 109,129 anti-person-
nel landmines.
(5) The United States signed, but has not rati-
fied, the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Re-
strictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weap-
ons Which May Be Deemed To Be Excessively Inju-
rious or To Have Indiscriminate Effects (hereinafter
in this Act referred to as the ‘‘1980 Convention’’).
Protocol II of the 1980 Convention (commonly re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Landmine Protocol’’) prohibits the
indiscriminate use of landmines.
(6) When it signed the 1980 Convention, the
United States stated: ‘‘We believe that the Conven-
tion represents a positive step forward in efforts to
minimize injury or damage to the civilian population
in time of armed conflict. Our signature of the Con-
vention reflects the general willingness of the United
States to adopt practical and reasonable provisions
concerning the conduct of military operations, for
the purpose of protecting noncombatants.’’.
(7) The United States also indicated that it had
supported procedures to enforce compliance, which
were omitted from the 1980 Convention’s final draft.
The United States stated: ‘‘The United States
strongly supported proposals by other countries dur-
ing the Conference to include special procedures for
dealing with compliance matters, and reserves the
right to propose at a later date additional proce-
dures and remedies, should this prove necessary, to
deal with such problems.’’.
(8) The lack of compliance procedures and
other weaknesses have significantly undermined the
effectiveness of the Landmine Protocol. Since it en-
tered into force on December 2, 1983, the number
of civilians maimed and killed by anti-personnel
landmines has multiplied.
(9) A 1-year moratorium on United States
sales, transfers, and exports of anti-personnel land-
mines has been in effect since October 23, 1992,
when section 1365 of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 was signed into
law. Since that date, the European Parliament has
issued a resolution calling for a 5-year moratorium
on sales, transfers, and exports of anti-personnel
landmines and the Government of France has an-
nounced that it has ceased all sales, transfers, and
exports of anti-personnel landmines.
(10) On December 2, 1993, 10 years will have
elapsed since the 1980 Convention entered into
force, triggering the right of any party to request a
United Nations conference to review the 1980 Con-
vention. Amendments to the Landmine Protocol may
be considered at that time. The Government of
France has made a formal request to the United
Nations Secretary General for a review conference.
With necessary preparations and consultations
among governments, a review conference is not ex-
pected to be convened before late 1994 or early
1995.
(11) The United States should continue to set
an example for other countries in such negotiations
by extending its moratorium on sales, transfers, and
exports of anti-personnel landmines for an additional
3 years. A moratorium of this duration would extend
the current prohibition on the sale, transfer, and ex-
port of anti-personnel landmines a sufficient time to
take into account the results of a United Nations re-
view conference.
SEC. 3. POLICY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be the policy of the United
States to seek verifiable international agreements—
(1) prohibiting the sale, transfer, or export of
anti-personnel landmines; and
(2) further limiting and eventually terminating
the manufacture, possession, and use of anti-person-
nel landmines.
(b) RATIFICATION OF 1980 CONVENTION.—It is the
sense of the Congress that the President should submit
the 1980 Convention to the Senate for its advice and con-
sent to ratification.
(c) ACTIONS UNDER UNITED NATIONS AUSPICES.—
Furthermore, it is the sense of the Congress that the Unit-
ed States—
(1) should participate in a United Nations con-
ference to review the Landmine Protocol; and
(2) should actively seek to negotiate under
United Nations auspices a modification of the Land-
mine Protocol, or another international agreement,
to prohibit the sale, transfer, or export of anti-per-
sonnel landmines and to further limit their manufac-
ture, possession, and use.
SEC. 4. MORATORIUM ON TRANSFERS OF ANTI-PERSONNEL
LANDMINES ABROAD.
For a period of 3 years beginning on the date of en-
actment of this Act—
(1) no sale may be made or financed, no trans-
fer may be made, and no license for export may be
issued under the Arms Export Control Act with re-
spect to any anti-personnel landmine; and
(2) no assistance may be provided under the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 with respect to the
provision of any anti-personnel landmine.
SEC. 5. DEFINITION.
For purposes of this Act, the term ‘‘anti-personnel
landmine’’ means—
(1) any munition which is placed under, on, or
near the ground or other surface area or is delivered
by artillery, rocket, mortar, or similar means or
dropped from an aircraft and which is designed to
be detonated or exploded by the presence, proximity,
or contact of a person;
(2) any device or material which is designed,
constructed, or adapted to kill or injure and which
functions unexpectedly when a person disturbs or