191 
(4) by redesignating subsection (e) as sub-
section (c). 
SEC. 328. SPECIAL REPORTS ON ADHERENCE TO ARMS 
CONTROL 
AGREEMENTS 
AND 
NON-
PROLIFERATION COMMITMENTS. 
(a) REPORTS REQUIRED.—At least annually, the 
Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report on each country in which a Co-
operative Threat Reduction program is being carried out. 
The report shall describe that country’s commitments to— 
(1) making substantial national investments in 
infrastructure to secure, safeguard, and destroy 
weapons of mass destruction; 
(2) forgoing any military modernization exceed-
ing legitimate defense requirements, including re-
placement of weapons of mass destruction; 
(3) forgoing any use of fissionable materials or 
any other components of deactivated nuclear weap-
ons in a new nuclear weapons program; 
(4) complying with all relevant arms control 
agreements; 
(5) adopting and enforcing national and inter-
national export controls over munitions and dual-use 
items; and 
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192 
(6) facilitating the verification by the United 
States and international community of that coun-
try’s compliance with such commitments. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
may be submitted with the report required under section 
403 of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 
U.S.C. 2593a). 
SEC. 329. PRESIDENTIAL REPORT ON IMPEDIMENTS TO 
CERTAIN NONPROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report identifying im-
pediments (including liability concerns, taxation issues, ac-
cess rights, and other impediments) to— 
(1) the ongoing renegotiation of the umbrella 
agreement relating to Cooperative Threat Reduction; 
and 
(2) the ongoing negotiations for the implemen-
tation of the Plutonium Disposition Program, the 
Nuclear Cities Initiative, and other defense nuclear 
nonproliferation programs. 
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193 
SEC. 330. ENHANCEMENT OF GLOBAL THREAT REDUCTION 
INITIATIVE. 
Section 3132 of the Ronald W. Reagan National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public Law 
108–375; 118 Stat. 2166; 50 U.S.C. 2569) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘PROGRAM AUTHORIZED’’ and inserting ‘‘PRO-
GRAM REQUIRED’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘The Secretary of Energy 
may’’ and inserting ‘‘The President, acting 
through the Secretary of Energy, shall’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)(1), by adding at the end 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(N) Take such other actions as may be nec-
essary to effectively implement the Global Threat 
Reduction Initiative.’’. 
SEC. 331. EXPANSION OF PROLIFERATION SECURITY INI-
TIATIVE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO PROLIFERA-
TION SECURITY INITIATIVE.—It is the sense of the Con-
gress that— 
(1) the President should strive to expand and 
strengthen the Proliferation Security Initiative an-
nounced by the President on May 31, 2003, placing 
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194 
particular emphasis on including countries outside of 
NATO; and 
(2) the United States should engage the United 
Nations to develop a Security Council Resolution to 
authorize the Proliferation Security Initiative under 
international law, including by providing legal au-
thority to stop shipments of weapons of mass de-
struction, their delivery systems, and related mate-
rials. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS RELATING 
TO PROLIFERATION SECURITY INITIATIVE.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2007, 
$50,000,000 to conduct joint training exercises regarding 
interdiction of weapons of mass destruction under the Pro-
liferation Security Initiative. Particular emphasis should 
be given to allocating funds from such amount— 
(1) to invite other countries that do not partici-
pate in the Proliferation Security Initiative to ob-
serve the joint training exercises; and 
(2) to conduct training exercises with countries 
that openly join the Proliferation Security Initiative 
after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
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195 
SEC. 332. SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO INTER-
NATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS FOR NU-
CLEAR WEAPONS AND MATERIALS. 
It is the sense of the Congress that the President 
should seek to devise and implement standards to improve 
the security of nuclear weapons and materials by— 
(1) establishing with other willing nations a set 
of performance-based standards for the security of 
nuclear weapons and weapons; 
(2) negotiating with those nations an agreement 
to adopt the standards and implement appropriate 
verification measures to assure ongoing compliance; 
and 
(3) coordinating with those nations and the 
International Atomic Energy Agency to strongly en-
courage other states to adopt and verifiably imple-
ment the standards. 
SEC. 333. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS RELATING 
TO INVENTORY OF RUSSIAN TACTICAL NU-
CLEAR WARHEADS AND DATA EXCHANGES. 
In addition to any other amounts authorized to be 
appropriated for such purposes, there are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Administrator for Nuclear Security 
for fiscal year 2007, $5,000,000 for assistance to Russia 
to facilitate the conduct of a comprehensive inventory of 
the stockpile of Russia of— 
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196 
(1) non-strategic nuclear weapons; and 
(2) nuclear weapons, whether strategic or non- 
strategic, that are not secured by PALs or other 
electronic means. 
SEC. 334. REPORT ON ACCOUNTING FOR AND SECURING OF 
RUSSIA’S NON-STRATEGIC NUCLEAR WEAP-
ONS. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on 
Russia’s non-strategic nuclear weapons. The report 
shall— 
(1) detail past and current efforts of the United 
States to encourage a proper accounting for and se-
curing of Russia’s non-strategic nuclear weapons 
and Russia’s nuclear weapons, whether strategic or 
non-strategic, that are not secured by PALs or other 
electronic means; 
(2) detail the actions that are most likely to 
lead to progress in improving the accounting for and 
securing or dismantlement of such weapons; and 
(3) detail the feasibility of enhancing the na-
tional security of the United States by developing in-
creased transparency between the United States and 
Russia with respect to the numbers, locations, and 
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descriptions of such weapons and of the cor-
responding weapons of the United States. 
SEC. 335. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INVOLVING AL-
TERNATIVE USE OF WEAPONS OF MASS DE-
STRUCTION EXPERTISE. 
(a) AUTHORITY TO USE FUNDS.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law and subject to subsection (c), 
any funds available to a department or agency of the Fed-
eral Government may be used to conduct non-defense re-
search and development in Russia and the states of the 
former Soviet Union on technologies specified in sub-
section (b) utilizing scientists in Russia and the states of 
the former Soviet Union who have expertise in— 
(1) nuclear weapons; or 
(2) chemical or biological weapons, but only if 
such scientists no longer engage, or have never en-
gaged, in activities supporting prohibited chemical or 
biological capabilities. 
(b) TECHNOLOGIES.—The technologies specified in 
this subsection are technologies on the following: 
(1) Environmental restoration and monitoring. 
(2) Proliferation detection. 
(3) Health and medicine, including research. 
(4) Energy. 
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198 
(c) LIMITATION.—Funds may not be used under sub-
section (a) for research and development if the Secretary 
of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and 
the Secretary of Energy, determines that such research 
and development will— 
(1) pose a threat to the security interests of the 
United States; or 
(2) further materially any defense technology. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Department 
of 
State 
$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 for the following 
purposes: 
(A) To make determinations under sub-
section (c). 
(B) To defray any increase in costs in-
curred by the Department of State, or any 
other department or agency of the Federal Gov-
ernment, for research and development, or dem-
onstration, as a result of research and develop-
ment conducted under this section. 
(2) AVAILABILITY.—(A) Amounts authorized to 
be appropriated by paragraph (1) are authorized to 
remain available until expended. 
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199 
(B) Any amount transferred to a department or 
agency of the Federal Government pursuant to para-
graph (1)(B) shall be merged with amounts available 
to such department or agency to cover costs con-
cerned, and shall be available for the same purposes, 
and for the same period, as amounts with which 
merged. 
SEC. 336. STRENGTHENING THE NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERA-
TION TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Article IV of the Treaty on the Non-Pro-
liferation of Nuclear Weapons (commonly referred to 
as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT) (21 
UST 483) states that countries that are parties to 
the treaty have the ‘‘inalienable right . . . to develop 
research, production and use of nuclear energy for 
peaceful purposes without discrimination and in con-
formity with articles I and II of this treaty.’’. 
(2) The rights outlined under article IV include 
all fuel cycle activities, despite the fact that uranium 
enrichment and plutonium production potentially put 
a country in a position to produce weapons usable 
material. 
(3) David Bergmann, former chairman of the 
Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, stated: ‘‘. . . by 
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developing atomic energy for peaceful uses, you 
reach the nuclear weapon option. There are not two 
atomic energies’’. 
(4) The wording of article IV has made it pos-
sible for countries that are parties to the NPT trea-
ty to use peaceful nuclear programs as a cover for 
weapons programs. In particular, the misuse by 
North Korea and Iran of these provisions threatens 
to undercut the viability of the nuclear nonprolifera-
tion regime and the entire system of international 
nuclear commerce. 
(5) If the international community fails to de-
vise effective measures to deal with the ‘‘loophole’’ in 
article IV, then there is a great likelihood that the 
ranks of countries possessing nuclear weapons will 
increase markedly in the next decade. 
(b) PRESIDENTIAL REPORT ON CONTROL OF NU-
CLEAR FUEL CYCLE TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIAL.— 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report identifying ways to 
more effectively control nuclear fuel cycle technologies and 
material, including ways that the United States can mobi-
lize the international community to close the ‘‘loophole’’ 
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of article IV of the NPT, without undermining the treaty 
itself. 
SEC. 337. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on International Rela-
tions, the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Homeland Security, and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Homeland Security and Govern-
mental Affairs, and the Committee on Appro-
priations of the Senate. 
(2) COOPERATIVE
THREAT
REDUCTION
PRO-
GRAMS.—The term ‘‘Cooperative Threat Reduction 
programs’’ means programs and activities specified 
in section 1501(b) of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104– 
201; 110 Stat. 2731; 50 U.S.C. 2362 note). 
Æ 
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