490 
‘‘(c) NUCLEAR
HYBRID
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, AND COM-
MERCIAL APPLICATION PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program of research, development, demonstra-
tion, and commercial application to develop nuclear 
hybrid energy systems, composed of 2 or more co-
located or jointly operated subsystems of energy gen-
eration, energy storage, or other technologies and in 
which not less than 1 such subsystem is a nuclear 
energy system, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 
in both the power and nonpower sectors. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall co-
ordinate with relevant program offices within the 
Department of Energy. 
‘‘(3) FOCUS AREAS.—The program under para-
graph (1) may include research, development, dem-
onstration, or commercial application of nuclear hy-
brid energy systems with respect to— 
‘‘(A) desalination of water; 
‘‘(B) hydrogen or other liquid and gaseous 
fuel or chemical production; 
‘‘(C) heat for industrial processes; 
‘‘(D) district heating;
491 
‘‘(E) heat or electricity generation and 
storage; 
‘‘(F) carbon capture, use, utilization, and 
storage; 
‘‘(G) microgrid or island applications; 
‘‘(H) integrated systems modeling, anal-
ysis, and optimization, inclusive of different 
configurations of hybrid energy systems; and 
‘‘(I) integrated design, planning, building, 
and operation of systems with existing infra-
structure, including interconnection require-
ments with the electric grid, as appropriate. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the program under this sub-
section— 
‘‘(A) $52,500,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $55,125,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $57,881,250 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $60,775,313 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $63,814,078 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(b) FUEL CYCLE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
Section 953 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16273) is amended to read as follows:
492 
‘‘SEC. 953. FUEL CYCLE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEM-
ONSTRATION, AND COMMERCIAL APPLICA-
TION. 
‘‘(a) USED NUCLEAR FUEL RESEARCH, DEVELOP-
MENT, DEMONSTRATION, AND COMMERCIAL APPLICA-
TION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con-
duct an advanced fuel cycle research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application program 
that improves fuel cycle performance and supports a 
variety of options for used nuclear fuel storage, use, 
and disposal, including advanced nuclear reactor and 
non-reactor concepts (such as radioisotope power 
systems), while minimizing environmental and public 
health and safety impacts, including— 
‘‘(A) dry cask storage; 
‘‘(B) consolidated interim storage; 
‘‘(C) deep geological storage and disposal, 
including mined repository, and other tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(D) used nuclear fuel transportation; 
‘‘(E) integrated waste management sys-
tems; 
‘‘(F) vitrification; 
‘‘(G) fuel recycling and transmutation 
technologies, including advanced reprocessing
493 
technologies such as electrochemical and molten 
salt technologies, and advanced redox extraction 
technologies; 
‘‘(H) advanced materials to be used in sub-
paragraphs (A) through (G); and 
‘‘(I) other areas as determined by the Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under this subsection, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) ensure all activities and designs in-
corporate state of the art safeguards tech-
nologies and techniques to reduce risk of pro-
liferation; 
‘‘(B) consult with the Administrator of the 
National Nuclear Security Administration to in-
tegrate safeguards and security by design; 
‘‘(C) consider the potential benefits and 
other impacts of those activities for civilian nu-
clear applications, environmental health and 
safety, and national security, including consid-
eration of public consent; and 
‘‘(D) consider the economic viability of all 
activities and designs. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
494 
retary to carry out the program under this sub-
section— 
‘‘(A) $91,875,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $96,468,750 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $101,292,188 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $106,356,797 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $111,674,637 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(b) ADVANCED FUELS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con-
duct an advanced fuels research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application program on 
next-generation light water reactor and advanced re-
actor fuels that demonstrate the potential for im-
proved— 
‘‘(A) performance; 
‘‘(B) accident tolerance; 
‘‘(C) proliferation resistance; 
‘‘(D) use of resources; 
‘‘(E) environmental impact; and 
‘‘(F) economics. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under this subsection, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) focus on the development of advanced 
technology fuels, including fabrication tech-
495 
niques, that offer improved accident-tolerance 
and economic performance with the goal of ini-
tial commercial application by December 31, 
2025; and 
‘‘(B) cooperate with private industry and 
with institutions of higher education through 
the Nuclear Energy University and Integrated 
Research Projects programs of the Department. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report that describes how the tech-
nologies and concepts studied under this program 
would impact reactor economics, the fuel cycle, oper-
ations, safety, proliferation, and the environment. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the program under this sub-
section— 
‘‘(A) $133,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $139,650,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $146,632,500 for fiscal year 2023;
496 
‘‘(D) $153,964,125 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $161,662,331 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(c) NUCLEAR SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING SUP-
PORT.—Section 954 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16274) is amended— 
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘UNI-
VERSITY NUCLEAR’’ and inserting ‘‘NUCLEAR’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘this section’’ and inserting ‘‘this 
subsection’’; and 
(B) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(1) 
through (5) as subparagraphs (A) through (E), 
respectively, and indenting appropriately; 
(3) in subsection (c), by redesignating para-
graphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
respectively, and indenting appropriately; 
(4) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘this section’’ and inserting ‘‘this 
subsection’’; and 
(B) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(1) 
through (4) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), 
respectively, and indenting appropriately;
497 
(5) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘this section’’ 
and inserting ‘‘this subsection’’; 
(6) in subsection (f)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘this section’’ and inserting 
‘‘this subsection’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection (b)(2)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘paragraph (2)(B)’’; 
(7) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) 
as paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively, and in-
denting appropriately; 
(8) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as 
paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively; 
(9) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(5) 
RADIOLOGICAL
FACILITIES
MANAGE-
MENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
carry out a program under which the Secretary 
shall provide project management, technical 
support, quality engineering and inspection, and 
nuclear material handling support to research 
reactors located at universities. 
‘‘(B) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—Of any amounts appropriated to carry 
out the program under this subsection, there
498 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the program under this 
paragraph $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2021 through 2030. 
‘‘(6) NUCLEAR
ENERGY
UNIVERSITY
PRO-
GRAM.—In carrying out the programs under this 
section, the Department shall allocate 20 percent of 
funds appropriated to nuclear energy research and 
development programs annually to fund university- 
led research and university infrastructure projects 
through an open, competitive solicitation process.’’; 
(10) by inserting before paragraph (1) (as so 
redesignated) the following: 
‘‘(a) UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE
AND ENGI-
NEERING SUPPORT.—’’; and 
(11) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b) NUCLEAR ENERGY APPRENTICESHIP SUBPRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—In carrying out the 
program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
establish a nuclear energy apprenticeship subpro-
gram under which the Secretary shall competitively 
award traineeships and apprenticeships in coordina-
tion with universities to provide focused, advanced 
training to meet critical mission needs of the De-
499 
partment, including in industries that are rep-
resented by skilled labor unions. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the sub-
program under this subsection, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) encourage appropriate partnerships 
among National Laboratories, affected univer-
sities, and industry; and 
‘‘(B) on an annual basis, evaluate the 
needs of the nuclear energy community to im-
plement traineeships for focused topical areas 
addressing mission-specific workforce needs. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the subprogram under this sub-
section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
through 2030.’’. 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109– 
58; 119 Stat. 600) is amended by striking the items relat-
ing to sections 952 through 954 and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘Sec. 952. Reactor concepts research, development, demonstration, and com-
mercial application. 
‘‘Sec. 953. Fuel cycle research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application 
‘‘Sec. 954. Nuclear science and engineering support.’’.
500 
(e) 
UNIVERSITY
NUCLEAR
LEADERSHIP
PRO-
GRAM.—Section 313 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 
2009 (42 U.S.C. 16274a), is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 313. UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR LEADERSHIP PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out section 954 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16274), the 
Secretary of Energy shall support a program to be known 
as the University Nuclear Leadership Program (in this 
section referred to as the ‘Program’). 
‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), amounts made available to carry out the 
Program shall be used to provide financial assistance 
for scholarships, fellowships, and research and devel-
opment projects at institutions of higher education 
with respect to research, development, demonstra-
tion, and commercial application activities relevant 
to civilian advanced nuclear reactors including, but 
not limited to— 
‘‘(A) relevant fuel cycle technologies; 
‘‘(B) project management; and 
‘‘(C) 
advanced 
construction, 
manufac-
turing, and fabrication methods. 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding paragraph 
(1), amounts made available to carry out the Pro-
501 
gram may be used to provide financial assistance for 
a scholarship, fellowship, or multiyear research and 
development project that does not align directly with 
a programmatic mission of the Department of En-
ergy, if the activity for which assistance is provided 
would facilitate the maintenance of the discipline of 
nuclear science or nuclear engineering. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 to the Sec-
retary of Energy to carry out the Program for each of 
fiscal years 2021 through 2030.’’. 
(f) VERSATILE NEUTRON SOURCE.—Section 955(c) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16275(c)) 
is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
‘‘MISSION NEED’’ and inserting ‘‘AUTHOR-
IZATION’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘de-
termine the mission need’’ and inserting ‘‘pro-
vide’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
502 
retary to carry out to completion the construction of 
the facility under this section— 
‘‘(A) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $550,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $638,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $765,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $763,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(g) ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR RESEARCH, DE-
VELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle E of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 959A. ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR RESEARCH, DE-
VELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, AND COM-
MERCIAL APPLICATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DEFINED.—For the 
purposes of this section, the term ‘demonstration project’ 
means— 
‘‘(1) an advanced nuclear reactor operated for 
the purpose of demonstrating the suitability for com-
mercial application of the advanced nuclear reac-
tor— 
‘‘(A) as part of the power generation facili-
ties of an electric utility system; or
503 
‘‘(B) in any other manner; or 
‘‘(2) the operation of one or more experimental 
advanced nuclear reactors, for the purpose of dem-
onstrating the suitability for commercial application 
of such advanced nuclear reactors. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program to advance the research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of domestic ad-
vanced, affordable, nuclear energy technologies by— 
‘‘(1) demonstrating a variety of advanced nu-
clear reactor technologies that could be used to 
produce— 
‘‘(A) safer, emissions-free power at a lower 
cost compared to reactors operating on the date 
of enactment of the Clean Economy Jobs and 
Innovation Act; 
‘‘(B) heat for community heating, indus-
trial purposes, heat storage, or synthetic fuel 
production; 
‘‘(C) remote or off-grid energy supply; or 
‘‘(D) backup or mission-critical power sup-
plies; 
‘‘(2) identifying research areas that the private 
sector is unable or unwilling to undertake due to the 
cost of, or risks associated with, the research; and
504 
‘‘(3) facilitating the access of the private sec-
tor— 
‘‘(A) to Federal research facilities and per-
sonnel; and 
‘‘(B) to the results of research relating to 
civil nuclear technology funded by the Federal 
Government. 
‘‘(c) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.—In carrying out 
demonstration projects under the program established in 
subsection (b), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) include, as an evaluation criterion, diver-
sity in designs for the advanced nuclear reactors 
demonstrated under this section, including designs 
using various— 
‘‘(A) primary coolants; 
‘‘(B) fuel types and compositions; and 
‘‘(C) neutron spectra; 
‘‘(2) consider, as an evaluation criterion, the 
likelihood that the operating cost for future commer-
cial units for each design implemented through a 
demonstration project under this subsection is cost- 
competitive in the applicable market, including those 
designs configured as hybrid energy systems as de-
scribed in section 952(c);
505 
‘‘(3) ensure that each evaluation of candidate 
technologies for the demonstration projects is com-
pleted through an external review of proposed de-
signs, which review shall— 
‘‘(A) be conducted by a panel that includes 
not fewer than 1 representative that does not 
have a conflict of interest of each of— 
‘‘(i) an electric utility; 
‘‘(ii) an entity that uses high-tempera-
ture process heat for manufacturing or in-
dustrial processing, such as a petro-
chemical or synthetic fuel company, a man-
ufacturer of metals or chemicals, or a man-
ufacturer of concrete; 
‘‘(iii) an expert from the investment 
community; 
‘‘(iv) a project management practi-
tioner; and 
‘‘(v) an environmental health and 
safety expert; and 
‘‘(B) include a review of each demonstra-
tion project under this subsection which shall 
include consideration of cost-competitiveness 
and other value streams, together with the tech-
nology readiness level, the technical abilities
506 
and qualifications of teams desiring to dem-
onstrate a proposed advanced nuclear reactor 
technology, the capacity to meet cost-share re-
quirements of the Department, if Federal fund-
ing is provided, and environmental impacts; 
‘‘(4) 
for 
federally 
funded 
demonstration 
projects, enter into cost-sharing agreements with 
private sector partners in accordance with section 
988 for the conduct of activities relating to the re-
search, development, and demonstration of advanced 
nuclear reactor designs under the program; 
‘‘(5) consult with— 
‘‘(A) National Laboratories; 
‘‘(B) institutions of higher education; 
‘‘(C) traditional end users (such as electric 
utilities); 
‘‘(D) potential end users of new tech-
nologies (such as users of high-temperature 
process heat for manufacturing processing, in-
cluding petrochemical or synthetic fuel compa-
nies, manufacturers of metals or chemicals, or 
manufacturers of concrete); 
‘‘(E) developers of advanced nuclear reac-
tor technology;
507 
‘‘(F) environmental and public health and 
safety experts; and 
‘‘(G) non-proliferation experts; 
‘‘(6) seek to ensure that the demonstration 
projects carried out under this section do not cause 
any delay in the progress of an advanced reactor 
project by private industry and the Department of 
Energy that is underway as of the date of enactment 
of this section; 
‘‘(7) establish a streamlined approval process 
for expedited contracting between awardees and the 
Department; 
‘‘(8) identify technical challenges to candidate 
technologies; 
‘‘(9) support near-term research and develop-
ment to address the highest risk technical challenges 
to the successful demonstration of a selected ad-
vanced reactor technology, in accordance with— 
‘‘(A) paragraph (8); 
‘‘(B) the research and development activi-
ties under section 952(b); and 
‘‘(C) the research and development activi-
ties under section 958; and 
‘‘(10) establish such technology advisory work-
ing groups as the Secretary determines to be appro-
508 
priate to advise the Secretary regarding the tech-
nical challenges identified under paragraph (8) and 
the scope of research and development programs to 
address the challenges, in accordance with para-
graph (9), to be comprised of— 
‘‘(A) private sector advanced nuclear reac-
tor technology developers; 
‘‘(B) technical experts with respect to the 
relevant technologies at institutions of higher 
education; 
‘‘(C) technical experts at the National 
Laboratories; 
‘‘(D) environmental and public health and 
safety experts; 
‘‘(E) non-proliferation experts; and 
‘‘(F) any other entities the Secretary de-
termines appropriate. 
‘‘(d) 
MILESTONE-BASED
DEMONSTRATION 
PROJECTS.—The Secretary may carry out demonstration 
projects under subsection (c) as a milestone-based dem-
onstration project under section 8304 of the Clean Econ-
omy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(e) NONDUPLICATION.—Entities may not receive 
funds under this program if receiving funds from another
509 
reactor demonstration program at the Department in the 
same fiscal year. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the program under this subsection— 
‘‘(1) $530,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $680,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $680,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $680,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $680,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con-
tents of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–58; 119 Stat. 594) is amended— 
(A) in the items relating to sections 957, 
958, and 959, by inserting ‘‘Sec.’’ before ‘‘9’’ 
each place it appears; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 959 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 959A. Advanced nuclear reactor research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial application program.’’. 
(h) INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY COOPERA-
TION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle E of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271 et 
seq.), as amended by subsection (g), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
510 
‘‘SEC. 959B. INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY COOPERA-
TION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with international regulators, shall carry out a program— 
‘‘(1) to coordinate international efforts with re-
spect to research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application of nuclear technology that 
supports diplomatic, nonproliferation, climate, and 
international economic objectives for the safe, se-
cure, and peaceful use of such technology; and 
‘‘(2) to develop collaboration initiatives with re-
spect to such efforts with a variety of countries 
through— 
‘‘(A) research and development agree-
ments; 
‘‘(B) the development of coordinated action 
plans; and 
‘‘(C) new or existing multilateral coopera-
tion commitments including— 
‘‘(i) the International Framework for 
Nuclear Energy Cooperation; 
‘‘(ii) the Generation IV International 
Forum; 
‘‘(iii) the International Atomic Energy 
Agency;
511 
‘‘(iv) the Organization for Economic 
Co-operation and Development Nuclear 
Energy Agency; and 
‘‘(v) any other international collabo-
rative effort with respect to advanced nu-
clear reactor operations and safety. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The program under sub-
section (a) shall be carried out to facilitate, to the max-
imum extent practicable, workshops and expert-based ex-
changes to engage industry, stakeholders, and foreign gov-
ernments regarding international civil nuclear issues, such 
as training, financing, safety, and options for multi-
national cooperation on used nuclear fuel disposal.’’. 
(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con-
tents of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–58; 119 Stat. 594), as amended by subsection 
(g), is further amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 959A the following: 
‘‘Sec. 959B. International nuclear energy cooperation.’’. 
SEC. 4203. NUCLEAR ENERGY BUDGET PLAN. 
Section 959 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16279) is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) BUDGET PLAN ALTERNATIVE 1.—One of the 
budget plans submitted under subsection (a) shall assume
512 
constant annual funding for 10 years at the appropriated 
level for the current fiscal year for the civilian nuclear en-
ergy research and development of the Department.’’; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) UPDATES.—Not less frequently than once every 
2 years, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate updated 10-year budget plans 
which shall identify, and provide a justification for, any 
major deviation from a previous budget plan submitted 
under this section.’’. 
SEC. 4204. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle E of title IX of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271 et seq.), as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the 
end of the following: 
‘‘SEC. 959C. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PRO-
GRAMS. 
‘‘(a) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this subtitle, 
the Secretary shall coordinate activities, and effectively 
manage crosscutting research priorities across programs
513 
of the Department and other relevant Federal agencies, 
including the National Laboratories. 
‘‘(b) COLLABORATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this sub-
title, the Secretary shall collaborate with industry, 
National Laboratories, other relevant Federal agen-
cies, institutions of higher education, including mi-
nority-serving institutions and research reactors, 
Tribal entities, including Alaska Native Corpora-
tions, and international bodies with relevant sci-
entific and technical expertise. 
‘‘(2) PARTICIPATION.—To the extent prac-
ticable, the Secretary shall encourage research 
projects that promote collaboration between entities 
specified in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(c) DISSEMINATION
OF RESULTS
AND PUBLIC 
AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall, except to the extent 
protected from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, 
United States Code, publish the results of projects sup-
ported under this subtitle through Department websites, 
reports, databases, training materials, and industry con-
ferences, including information discovered after the com-
pletion of such projects. 
‘‘(d) EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.—In carrying out 
the activities described in this subtitle, the Secretary shall
514 
support education and outreach activities to disseminate 
information and promote public understanding of nuclear 
energy. 
‘‘(e) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out this 
subtitle, for the purposes of supporting technical, non-
hardware, and information-based advances in nuclear en-
ergy development and operations, the Secretary shall also 
conduct technical assistance and analysis activities, includ-
ing activities that support commercial application of nu-
clear energy in rural, Tribal, and low-income communities. 
‘‘(f) PROGRAM REVIEW.—At least annually, all pro-
grams in this subtitle shall be subject to an annual review 
by the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee of the Depart-
ment or other independent entity, as appropriate. 
‘‘(g) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—The Secretary shall 
not publish any information generated under this subtitle 
that is detrimental to national security, as determined by 
the Secretary.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 594), as amended by this Act, is further amended 
by inserting after the item relating to section 959B the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 959C. Organization and administration of programs.’’.
515 
Subtitle C—Defending Against 
Rosatom Exports 
SEC. 4301. EXTENSION AND EXPANSION OF LIMITATIONS 
ON IMPORTATION OF URANIUM FROM RUS-
SIAN FEDERATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3112A of the USEC Pri-
vatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h–10a) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following: 
‘‘(7) SUSPENSION
AGREEMENT.—The term 
‘Suspension Agreement’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 3102(13).’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘United States to support’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘United States— 
‘‘(1) to support’’; 
(B) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting a semicolon; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) to reduce reliance on uranium imports in 
order to protect essential national security interests 
of the United States;
516 
‘‘(3) to revive and strengthen the supply chain 
for nuclear fuel produced and used in the United 
States; and 
‘‘(4) to expand production of nuclear fuel in the 
United States.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘After’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Except as provided in sub-
paragraph (B), after’’; 
(II) in clause (vi), by striking ‘‘; 
and’’ and inserting a semicolon; 
(III) in clause (vii), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting a 
semicolon; and 
(IV) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(viii) in calendar year 2021, 596,682 
kilograms; 
‘‘(ix) in calendar year 2022, 489,617 
kilograms; 
‘‘(x) in calendar year 2023, 578,877 
kilograms;
517 
‘‘(xi) in calendar year 2024, 476,536 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xii) in calendar year 2025, 470,376 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xiii) in calendar year 2026, 464,183 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xiv) in calendar year 2027, 459,083 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xv) in calendar year 2028, 344,312 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xvi) in calendar year 2029, 340,114 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xvii) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2030, 
332,141 kilograms; 
‘‘(xviii) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2031, 
328,862 kilograms; 
‘‘(xix) in calendar year 2032, 322,255 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xx) in calendar year 2033, 317,536 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xxi) in calendar year 2034, 298,088 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xxii) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2035, 
294,511 kilograms;
518 
‘‘(xxiii) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2036, 
286,066 kilograms; 
‘‘(xxiv) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2037, 
281,272 kilograms; 
‘‘(xxv) in calendar year 2038, 277,124 
kilograms; 
‘‘(xxvi) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2039, 
277,124 kilograms; and 
‘‘(xxvii) 
in 
calendar 
year 
2040, 
267,685 kilograms.’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph 
(B) as subparagraph (C); and 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(A) the following: 
‘‘(B) ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of 
Commerce shall administer the import lim-
itations described in subparagraph (A) in 
accordance with the provisions of the Sus-
pension Agreement, including— 
‘‘(I) the limitations on sales of 
enriched uranium product and separa-
tive work units plus conversion; 
‘‘(II) the requirements for nat-
ural uranium returned feed associated
519 
with sales of enrichment, or enrich-
ment plus conversion from the Rus-
sian Federation; and 
‘‘(III) any other provisions of the 
Suspension Agreement. 
‘‘(ii) EFFECT
OF
TERMINATION
OF 
SUSPENSION
AGREEMENT.—Clause 
(i) 
shall remain in effect if the Suspension 
Agreement is terminated.’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
the semicolon and inserting ‘‘; or’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘; or’’ and inserting a period; and 
(iii) by striking subparagraph (C); 
(C) in paragraph (5)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘reference data’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2019’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘Lower 
Scenario data in the 2019 report of 
the World Nuclear Association enti-
tled ‘The Nuclear Fuel Report: Global 
Scenarios for Demand and Supply 
Availability 2019–2040’. In each of
520 
calendar years 2023, 2029, and 
2035’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘report or a sub-
sequent report’’ and inserting ‘‘re-
port’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(B) and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and 
(D), respectively; 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(A) the following: 
‘‘(B) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 
one year after the date of the enactment of the 
Clean Economy Jobs and Innovation Act, and 
every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report that includes— 
‘‘(i) a recommendation on the use of 
all publicly available data to ensure accu-
rate forecasting by scenario data to com-
port to actual demand for low-enriched 
uranium for nuclear reactors in the United 
States; and 
‘‘(ii) an identification of the steps to 
be taken to adjust the import limitations 
described in paragraph (2)(A) based on the 
most accurate scenario data.’’; and
521 
(iv) in subparagraph (D), as redesig-
nated by clause (ii), by striking ‘‘subpara-
graph (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘subparagraph 
(C)’’; 
(D) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘2020’’ 
and inserting ‘‘2040’’; 
(E) in paragraph (12)(B), by inserting ‘‘or 
the Suspension Agreement’’ after ‘‘the Russian 
HEU Agreement’’; and 
(F) by striking ‘‘(2)(B)’’ each place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘(2)(C)’’. 
(b) APPLICABILITY.—The amendments made by sub-
section (a) apply with respect to uranium imported from 
the Russian Federation on or after January 1, 2021. 
Subtitle D—FUSION ENERGY 
RESEARCH 
SEC. 4401. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Section 307 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (g) 
as subsections (b) through (h), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so re-
designated, the following:
522 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) and section 972 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312), the Director shall 
carry out a fusion energy sciences research and enabling 
technology development program to effectively address the 
scientific and engineering challenges to building a cost 
competitive fusion power plant and to establish a competi-
tive fusion power industry in the United States. As part 
of this program, the Director shall carry out research ac-
tivities to expand the fundamental understandings of plas-
mas and matter at very high temperatures and densities 
for fusion applications and for other plasma science appli-
cations.’’; 
(3) by amending subsection (d) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(d) INERTIAL FUSION RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a program of research and technology develop-
ment in inertial fusion for energy applications, in-
cluding ion beam, laser, and pulsed power fusion 
systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1), the Director shall support
523 
activities at and partnerships with universities and 
the National Laboratories to— 
‘‘(A) develop novel target designs; 
‘‘(B) support modeling of various inertial 
fusion energy concepts and systems; 
‘‘(C) develop diagnostic tools; and 
‘‘(D) improve inertial fusion energy driver 
technologies. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
subsection (o), there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in subsection (d)— 
‘‘(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $26,250,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $27,563,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $28,941,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $30,377,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (e) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(e) ALTERNATIVE AND ENABLING CONCEPTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
research and development activities and facility oper-
ations at institutions of higher education, National
524 
Laboratories, and private facilities in the United 
States for a portfolio of alternative and enabling fu-
sion energy concepts that may provide solutions to 
significant challenges to the establishment of a com-
mercial magnetic fusion power plant, prioritized 
based on the ability of the United States to play a 
leadership role in the international fusion research 
community. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—Fusion energy concepts and 
activities explored under paragraph (1) may in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) alternative fusion energy concepts, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(i) advanced stellarator concepts; 
‘‘(ii) non-tokamak confinement con-
figurations operating at low magnetic 
fields; 
‘‘(iii) magnetized target fusion energy 
concepts; or 
‘‘(iv) other promising fusion energy 
concepts identified by the Director; 
‘‘(B) enabling fusion technology develop-
ment activities, including—
525 
‘‘(i) high magnetic field approaches 
facilitated by high temperature super-
conductors; 
‘‘(ii) liquid metals to address issues 
associated with fusion plasma interactions 
with the inner wall of the encasing device; 
and 
‘‘(iii) advanced blankets for heat man-
agement and fuel breeding; and 
‘‘(C) advanced scientific computing activi-
ties. 
‘‘(3) INNOVATION NETWORK FOR FUSION EN-
ERGY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting 
through the Office of Science, shall support a 
program to provide fusion energy researchers 
with access to scientific and technical resources 
and expertise at facilities supported by the De-
partment, including such facilities at National 
Laboratories and universities, to advance inno-
vative fusion energy technologies toward com-
mercial application. 
‘‘(B) 
AWARDS.—Financial 
assistance 
under the program established in subsection (a)
526 
may be in the form of grants, vouchers, equip-
ment loans, or contracts to private entities. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
subsection (o), there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
described in subsection (e)— 
‘‘(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $110,250,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $115,763,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $121,551,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’; 
and 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(i) MILESTONE-BASED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Using the authority of the 
Secretary under section 646(g) of the Department of 
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7256(g)), not-
withstanding paragraph (10) of such section, the 
Secretary shall establish, within 3 months of enact-
ment of this Act, a milestone-based fusion energy 
development program that requires projects to meet 
particular technical milestones before a participant 
is awarded funds by the Department.
527 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the program 
established by paragraph (1) shall be to support the 
development of a U.S.-based fusion power industry 
through the research and development of tech-
nologies that will enable the construction of new full- 
scale fusion systems capable of demonstrating sig-
nificant improvements in the performance of such 
systems, as defined by the Secretary, within 10 
years of the enactment of this Act. 
‘‘(3) ELIGIBILITY.—Any entity is eligible to 
participate in the program provided that the Under 
Secretary has deemed it as having the necessary re-
sources and expertise. 
‘‘(4) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the 
milestone-based program under paragraph (1), the 
Secretary shall, for each relevant project— 
‘‘(A) request proposals from eligible enti-
ties, as determined by the Secretary, that in-
clude proposed technical milestones, including 
estimated project timelines and total costs; 
‘‘(B) set milestones based on a rigorous 
technical review process; 
‘‘(C) award funding of a predetermined 
amount to projects that successfully meet pro-
posed milestones under paragraph (1), or for
528 
expenses deemed reimbursable by the Secretary, 
in accordance with terms negotiated for an indi-
vidual award; and 
‘‘(D) communicate regularly with selected 
eligible entities and, if the Secretary deems ap-
propriate, exercise small amounts of flexibility 
for technical milestones as projects mature. 
‘‘(5) AWARDS.—For the program established 
under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) an award recipient shall be respon-
sible for all costs until milestones are achieved, 
or reimbursable expenses are reviewed and 
verified by the Department; and 
‘‘(B) should an awardee not meet the mile-
stones described in paragraph (4), the Sec-
retary may end the partnership with an award 
recipient and use the remaining funds in the 
ended agreement for new or existing projects 
carried out under this section. 
‘‘(6) APPLICATIONS.—Any project proposal sub-
mitted to the program under paragraph (1) shall be 
evaluated based upon its scientific, technical, and 
business merits through a peer-review process, which 
shall include reviewers with appropriate expertise 
from the private sector, the investment community,
529 
and experts in the science and engineering of fusion 
and plasma physics. 
‘‘(7) PROJECT MANAGEMENT.—In carrying out 
projects under this program and assessing the com-
pletion of their milestones in accordance with para-
graph (4), the Secretary shall consult with experts 
that represent diverse perspectives and professional 
experiences, including those from the private sector, 
to ensure a complete and thorough review. 
‘‘(8) PROGRAMMATIC REVIEW.—Not later than 
4 years after the Secretary has established 3 mile-
stones under this program, the Secretary shall enter 
into a contractual arrangement with the National 
Academy of Sciences to review and provide a report 
describing the findings of this review to the House 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and 
the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources on the program established under this para-
graph (1) that assesses— 
‘‘(A) the benefits and drawbacks of a mile-
stone-based fusion program as compared to tra-
ditional program structure funding models at 
the Department; 
‘‘(B) lessons-learned from program oper-
ations; and
530 
‘‘(C) any other matters the Secretary de-
termines regarding the program. 
‘‘(9) ANNUAL REPORT.—As part of the annual 
budget request submitted for each fiscal year, the 
Secretary shall provide the House Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology and the Senate 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources a re-
port describing partnerships supported by the pro-
gram established under paragraph (1) during the 
previous fiscal year. 
‘‘(10) 
AUTHORIZATIONS
FOR
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (o), there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary to carry out the activi-
ties described in subsection (i), to remain available 
until expended— 
‘‘(A) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(D) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(j) FUSION REACTOR SYSTEM DESIGN.—The Direc-
tor shall support research and development activities to
531 
design future fusion reactor systems and examine and ad-
dress the technical drivers for the cost of these systems. 
‘‘(k) GENERAL PLASMA SCIENCE
AND APPLICA-
TIONS.—The Director shall support research in general 
plasma science and high energy density physics that ad-
vance the understanding of the scientific community of 
fundamental properties and complex behavior of matter to 
control and manipulate plasmas for a broad range of ap-
plications, including support for research relevant to ad-
vancements in chip manufacturing and microelectronics. 
‘‘(l) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should support a robust, di-
verse program in addition to providing sufficient support 
to, at a minimum, meet its commitments to ITER and 
maintain the schedule of the project as determined by the 
Secretary in coordination with the ITER Organization at 
the time of the enactment of this Act. It is further the 
sense of Congress that developing the scientific basis for 
fusion, providing research results key to the success of 
ITER, and training the next generation of fusion sci-
entists are of critical importance to the United States and 
should in no way be diminished by participation of the 
United States in the ITER project. 
‘‘(m) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The Direc-
tor shall—
532 
‘‘(1) as practicable and in coordination with 
other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, en-
sure the access of United States researchers to the 
most advanced fusion research facilities and research 
capabilities in the world, including ITER; 
‘‘(2) to the maximum extent practicable, con-
tinue to leverage United States participation ITER, 
and prioritize expanding international partnerships 
and investments in current and future fusion re-
search facilities within the United States; and 
‘‘(3) to the maximum extent practicable, 
prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in sup-
port of future international facilities that would pro-
vide access to the most advanced fusion research fa-
cilities in the world to United States researchers. 
‘‘(n) FISSION AND FUSION RESEARCH COORDINA-
TION REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall transmit to Congress a report address-
ing opportunities for coordinating fusion energy re-
search and development activities between the Office 
of Nuclear Energy and the Office of Science.
533 
‘‘(2) COMPONENTS.—The report shall assess 
opportunities for collaboration on research and de-
velopment of— 
‘‘(A) liquid metals to address issues associ-
ated with fusion plasma interactions with the 
inner wall of the encasing device and other com-
ponents within the reactor; 
‘‘(B) immersion blankets for heat manage-
ment and fuel breeding; 
‘‘(C) technologies and methods for instru-
mentation and control; 
‘‘(D) computational methods and codes for 
system operation and maintenance; 
‘‘(E) codes and standard development; 
‘‘(F) radioactive waste handling; 
‘‘(G) radiological safety; 
‘‘(H) potential for non-electricity genera-
tion applications; and 
‘‘(I) any other overlapping priority as iden-
tified by the Director of the Office of Science 
or the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nu-
clear Energy. 
‘‘(3) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall 
implement the recommendations made by the report
534 
directed in this section upon transmission of the re-
port to Congress. 
‘‘(o) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $976,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $1,033,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $1,104,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $1,181,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $1,264,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(b) ITER.—Section 972(c) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(c) UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN ITER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized United 
States participation in the construction and oper-
ations of the ITER project, as agreed to under the 
April 25, 2007 ‘Agreement on the Establishment of 
the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization 
for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project’. 
The Director shall coordinate and carry out the re-
sponsibilities of the United States with respect to 
this Agreement. 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report providing an assessment
535 
of the most recent schedule for ITER that has been 
approved by the ITER Council. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
section 307(o) of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645), there 
shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the construction of ITER— 
‘‘(A) $374,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
and 
‘‘(B) $300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2025.’’. 
TITLE V—ELECTRIC GRID AND 
CYBERSECURITY 
Subtitle A—Electric Grid 
PART 1—21ST CENTURY POWER GRID 
SEC. 5101. 21ST CENTURY POWER GRID. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall es-
tablish a program to provide financial assistance to eligible 
partnerships to carry out projects related to the mod-
ernization of the electric grid, including— 
(1) projects for the deployment of technologies 
to improve monitoring of, advanced controls for, and 
prediction of performance of, a distribution system; 
and
536 
(2) projects related to transmission system 
planning and operation. 
(b) ELIGIBLE PROJECTS.—Projects for which an eli-
gible partnership may receive financial assistance under 
subsection (a)— 
(1) shall be designed to improve the resiliency, 
performance, or efficiency of the electric grid, while 
ensuring the continued provision of safe, secure, reli-
able, and affordable power; 
(2) may be designed to deploy a new product or 
technology that could be used by customers of an 
electric utility; and 
(3) shall demonstrate— 
(A) secure integration and management of 
energy resources, including through distributed 
energy generation, combined heat and power, 
microgrids, energy storage, electric vehicles, en-
ergy efficiency, demand response, or control-
lable loads; or 
(B) secure integration and interoperability 
of communications and information technologies 
related to the electric grid. 
(c) CYBERSECURITY PLAN.—Each project carried 
out with financial assistance provided under subsection (a) 
shall include the development of a cybersecurity plan writ-
537 
ten in accordance with guidelines developed by the Sec-
retary of Energy. 
(d) PRIVACY EFFECTS ANALYSIS.—Each project car-
ried out with financial assistance provided under sub-
section (a) shall include a privacy effects analysis that 
evaluates the project in accordance with the Voluntary 
Code of Conduct of the Department of Energy, commonly 
known as the ‘‘DataGuard Energy Data Privacy Pro-
gram’’, or the most recent revisions to the privacy pro-
gram of the Department. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ELIGIBLE PARTNERSHIP.—The term ‘‘eligi-
ble partnership’’ means a partnership consisting of 
two or more entities, which— 
(A) may include— 
(i) any institution of higher education; 
(ii) a National Laboratory; 
(iii) a State, territory, or a local gov-
ernment or other public body created by or 
pursuant to State law; 
(iv) an Indian Tribe; 
(v) a Federal power marketing admin-
istration; or 
(vi) an entity that develops and pro-
vides technology; and
538 
(B) shall include at least one of any of— 
(i) an electric utility; 
(ii) a Regional Transmission Organi-
zation; or 
(iii) an Independent System Operator. 
(2) ELECTRIC
UTILITY.—The term ‘‘electric 
utility’’ has the meaning given that term in section 
3(22) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
796(22)), except that such term does not include an 
entity described in subparagraph (B) of such sec-
tion. 
(3) FEDERAL POWER MARKETING ADMINISTRA-
TION.—The term ‘‘Federal power marketing admin-
istration’’ means the Bonneville Power Administra-
tion, the Southeastern Power Administration, the 
Southwestern Power Administration, or the Western 
Area Power Administration. 
(4) INDEPENDENT
SYSTEM
OPERATOR; RE-
GIONAL TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION.—The terms 
‘‘Independent System Operator’’ and ‘‘Regional 
Transmission Organization’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 3 of the Federal Power 
Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the
539 
meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
to carry out this section $700,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025, to remain available until ex-
pended. 
SEC. 5102. DEFINITIONS. 
In sections 5103 and 5104: 
(1) ADVANCED
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY.—The 
term ‘‘advanced energy technology’’ means any en-
ergy generation, load-modifying transmission, or 
storage technology with zero or minimal greenhouse 
gas emissions that is connected— 
(A) to the distribution system; 
(B) to the transmission system; or 
(C) behind the meter. 
(2) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advi-
sory Committee’’ means the advisory committee es-
tablished under section 5103(a)(2)(A). 
(3) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 
means the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. 
(4) ELECTRIC
UTILITY.—The term ‘‘electric 
utility’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
3 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796).
540 
(5) GRID
OPERATOR.—The term ‘‘grid oper-
ator’’ means— 
(A) a Transmission Organization, includ-
ing— 
(i) an Independent System Operator; 
and 
(ii) a Regional Transmission Organi-
zation; 
(B) a public utility; and 
(C) an electric utility. 
(6) INDEPENDENT
SYSTEM
OPERATOR.—The 
term ‘‘Independent System Operator’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 3 of the Federal Power 
Act (16 U.S.C. 796). 
(7) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘Initiative’’ means 
the Advanced Energy Technology Research Initiative 
established under section 5103(a)(1). 
(8) PUBLIC UTILITY.—The term ‘‘public util-
ity’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
201(e) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824(e)). 
(9) REGIONAL TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION.— 
The term ‘‘Regional Transmission Organization’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796).
541 
(10) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Energy. 
(11) TRANSMISSION ORGANIZATION.—The term 
‘‘Transmission Organization’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 3 of the Federal Power Act (16 
U.S.C. 796). 
SEC. 5103. POWER SYSTEM MODELING REFORM AND UP-
DATES TO GRID SERVICES AND GRID OPER-
ATOR SOFTWARE. 
(a) ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 
INITIATIVE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission, 
in coordination with the Secretary, shall establish an 
initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Advanced Energy 
Technology Research Initiative’’, to research and 
provide recommendations on how to improve the 
modeling, operational, and planning practices used 
for the bulk electric system. 
(2) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission, in coordination with the Sec-
retary, shall establish an advisory committee to 
research, report on, and provide recommenda-
542 
tions on matters relating to the Initiative, in-
cluding— 
(i) whether the existing modeling and 
long-term and short-term planning prac-
tices used by grid operators for power sys-
tems, including power markets, adequately 
incorporate expected integration with re-
spect to advanced energy technologies; 
(ii) whether the methods used to de-
termine future transmission and capacity 
needs and make reliability-related deter-
minations use the right data to adequately 
forecast and model the integration of ad-
vanced energy technology into electric 
power systems; 
(iii) whether the modeling and plan-
ning practices described in clause (i) and 
the methods described in clause (ii) need to 
be updated to better account for the inte-
gration of advanced energy technology into 
electric power systems; 
(iv) any undue barriers to the adop-
tion of advanced energy technology pre-
sented by—
543 
(I) 
existing 
modeling, 
oper-
ational, and planning practices; and 
(II) State estimation tools for 
planning and reliability; 
(v) any need to develop emerging 
technologies or software for use in improv-
ing modeling, planning, and operations in 
wholesale electricity markets to resolve 
computational or technical barriers to the 
adoption of advanced energy technology, 
including software relating to— 
(I) the use of big data, artificial 
intelligence, and probabilistic methods 
to predict, in near-real-time— 
(aa) energy generation from 
variable 
and 
distributed 
re-
sources; 
(bb) load profiles; and 
(cc) consumption and con-
gestion; and 
(II) the use of artificial intel-
ligence to improve the responsiveness 
of energy system operations; 
(vi) whether existing and future grid 
reliability service definitions and the mod-
544 
eling techniques, operational processes, and 
planning processes used to procure grid re-
liability services— 
(I) appropriately account for the 
technical and operational characteris-
tics of advanced energy technologies; 
(II) allow for the use of those ad-
vanced energy technologies to provide 
grid reliability services; and 
(III) include appropriate cyberse-
curity safeguards; and 
(vii) any rulemaking, technical con-
ference, or policy statement that, in the de-
termination of the Advisory Committee, 
the Commission should consider. 
(B) COMPOSITION.—The Advisory Com-
mittee shall consist of— 
(i) not fewer than 1 representative 
from each of— 
(I) the Commission; 
(II) the Department of Energy; 
(III) the Electric Reliability Or-
ganization (as defined in section 
215(a) of the Federal Power Act (16 
U.S.C. 824o(a)));
545 
(IV) an Independent System Op-
erator or a Regional Transmission Or-
ganization; 
(V) an entity generating electric 
power that is not affiliated with a 
transmission-owning public or non-
public utility; 
(VI) an environmental organiza-
tion with expertise on the bulk electric 
system; and 
(VII) an institution of higher 
education with expertise on the bulk 
electric system; 
(ii) not fewer than 2 designees of the 
National Association of Regulatory Utility 
Commissioners; 
(iii) not fewer than 3 representatives 
from public utilities or electric utilities in 
areas not serviced by an Independent Sys-
tem Operator or a Regional Transmission 
Organization; and 
(iv) not fewer than 2 representatives 
from private and nonprofit associations 
with expertise in the development, deploy-
546 
ment, and use of advanced energy tech-
nologies. 
(C) REPORTS.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
every 2 years thereafter for 10 years, the Advi-
sory Committee shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives a report on the 
Initiative, 
including 
the 
findings 
or 
rec-
ommendations of the Advisory Committee with 
respect to the matters described in clauses (i) 
through (vii) of subparagraph (A). 
(b) ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
AND GRID 
SERVICES PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall establish a competitive financial assist-
ance program, to be known as the ‘‘Advanced En-
ergy Technology and Grid Services Program’’, under 
which the Secretary shall enter into Federal finan-
cial assistance agreements with eligible entities de-
scribed in paragraph (2) for the purpose of increas-
ing the market penetration of advanced energy tech-
547 
nology through advanced research and development 
and pilot demonstrations of— 
(A) software upgrades, including upgrades 
to the software platforms used to operate 
wholesale energy markets; 
(B) updated power system planning; 
(C) new power system (including power 
market) modeling platforms; 
(D) cybersecurity and physical security up-
grades; and 
(E) resilience upgrades. 
(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES DESCRIBED.—An eligi-
ble entity referred to in paragraph (1) is— 
(A) a grid operator; 
(B) a State public utility commission; 
(C) an energy cooperative; 
(D) a municipality; 
(E) an electric utility; 
(F) a gas utility; or 
(G) a State energy office. 
(3) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may 
enter into a financial assistance agreement under 
this subsection for— 
(A) software upgrades by grid operators;
548 
(B) new power system (including power 
market) modeling platforms; 
(C) enhancements to cybersecurity safe-
guards; or 
(D) updated power system (including 
power market) planning, updated power system 
(including power market) modeling, or updated 
reliability planning and modeling by grid opera-
tors. 
(4) COST SHARING.—In awarding Federal fi-
nancial assistance (including grants, loans, and any 
other form of financial assistance) to fund eligible 
activities under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
require cost sharing in accordance with section 988 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16352). 
(5) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the Ad-
vanced Energy Technology and Grid Services Pro-
gram established under this subsection, the Sec-
retary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall co-
ordinate with existing programs of the Department 
of Energy that focus on grid modernization efforts. 
SEC. 5104. ADVANCED ENERGY AND GRID EFFICIENCY 
STUDIES AND REPORT. 
(a) STUDIES.—
549 
(1) ADVANCED
ENERGY
STUDY.—The Sec-
retary, in coordination with the Commission, shall 
carry out a study of the costs and benefits to con-
sumers of updating power system planning, mod-
eling, and operational practices, including reliability- 
related planning, and energy market participation 
rules on advanced energy technologies and resources, 
including distributed energy technologies and re-
sources, such as— 
(A) energy storage technologies; 
(B) energy efficiency and transmission effi-
ciency technologies; 
(C) distributed solar and wind energy gen-
eration; 
(D) fuel cells; 
(E) smart thermostats and smart building 
technologies; 
(F) demand response technologies, includ-
ing natural gas demand response technologies; 
(G) advanced metering technologies; 
(H) electric vehicles and electric vehicle 
charging infrastructure; 
(I) any aggregation of the distributed en-
ergy technologies and resources described in 
subparagraph (A) or (C); and
550 
(J) any other advanced energy tech-
nologies, as determined by the Secretary. 
(2) GRID EFFICIENCY STUDY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in co-
ordination with the Commission, shall carry out 
a study of the barriers and opportunities for 
advanced energy technologies that provide in-
creased, more efficient, or more effective deliv-
ery over the existing transmission network. 
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The study under 
subparagraph (A) shall include— 
(i) an examination of— 
(I) the reliability, resilience, and 
economic benefits of technologies such 
as power flow control, topology opti-
mization, and dynamic line ratings; 
(II) the costs, benefits, and chal-
lenges associated with deployment of 
the advanced energy technologies de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); and 
(III) the impact of grid efficiency 
improvements on wholesale and retail 
electricity rates; and 
(ii) an analysis of the role of financial 
and regulatory incentives in the deploy-
551 
ment of advanced energy technologies, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit 
to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives a report describing the 
results of the studies under paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub-
section (a). 
PART 2—TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
SEC. 5111. INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING RE-
PORT. 
Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Con-
gress a report that— 
(1) examines the effectiveness of interregional 
transmission planning processes for identifying 
transmission projects across regions that provide 
economic, reliability, or operational benefits, taking 
into consideration the public interest, the integrity of 
markets, and the protection of consumers; 
(2) evaluates the current architecture of re-
gional electricity grids (including international trans-
mission connections of such grids) that together
552 
comprise the Nation’s electricity grid, with respect 
to— 
(A) potential growth in renewable energy 
generation, including energy generation from 
offshore wind; 
(B) potential growth in electricity demand; 
and 
(C) retirement of existing electricity gen-
eration assets; 
(3) analyzes— 
(A) the range of benefits that interregional 
transmission provides; 
(B) the impact of basing transmission 
project approvals on a comprehensive assess-
ment of the multiple benefits provided; 
(C) synchronization of processes described 
in paragraph (1) among neighboring regions; 
(D) how often interregional transmission 
planning should be completed; 
(E) whether voltage, size, or cost require-
ments should be a factor in the approval of 
interregional transmission projects; 
(F) cost allocation methodologies for inter-
regional transmission projects; and
553 
(G) current barriers and challenges to con-
struction of interregional transmission projects; 
and 
(4) identifies potential changes, based on the 
analysis under paragraph (3), to the processes de-
scribed in paragraph (1) to ensure the most effi-
cient, cost effective, and broadly beneficial trans-
mission projects are selected for construction. 
SEC. 5112. INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
RULEMAKING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission (hereinafter in this section re-
ferred to as ‘‘the Commission’’) shall initiate a rulemaking 
to increase the effectiveness of the interregional trans-
mission planning process. 
(b) ASSESSMENT.—In conducting the rulemaking 
under subsection (a), the Commission shall assess— 
(1) the effectiveness of interregional trans-
mission planning processes for identifying trans-
mission planning solutions that provide economic, re-
liability, operation, and public policy benefits, taking 
into consideration— 
(A) the public interest; 
(B) the integrity of markets; and
554 
(C) the protection of consumers; and 
(2) proposed changes to the processes described 
in paragraph (1) to ensure that efficient, cost-effec-
tive, and broadly beneficial transmission solutions 
are selected for construction, taking into consider-
ation— 
(A) the public interest; 
(B) the integrity of markets; 
(C) the protection of consumers; and 
(D) the range of benefits that interregional 
transmission provides. 
(c) EMPHASIS.—In conducting the rulemaking under 
subsection (a), the Commission shall develop rules that 
emphasize— 
(1) the need for a solution to secure approval 
based on a comprehensive assessment of the multiple 
benefits the solution is expected to provide; 
(2) that interregional benefit analyses made be-
tween multiple regions should not be subject to reas-
sessment by a single regional entity; 
(3) the importance of synchronizing the plan-
ning processes between regions that neighbor one 
another, including using one timeline with a single 
set of needs, input assumptions, and benefit metrics;
555 
(4) that evaluation of long-term scenarios 
should align with the expected life of an inter-
regional transmission solution; 
(5) that transmission planning authorities 
should allow for the identification and joint evalua-
tion between regions of alternative proposals; 
(6) that the interregional transmission planning 
process should take place not less frequently than 
once every 3 years; 
(7) the elimination of arbitrary voltage, size, or 
cost requirements for an interregional transmission 
solution; and 
(8) cost allocation methodologies that reflect 
the multiple benefits provided by an interregional 
transmission solution. 
(d) TIMING.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Commission 
shall complete the rulemaking initiated under subsection 
(a). 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INTERREGIONAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS.—The 
term ‘‘interregional benefit analysis’’ means the 
identification and evaluation of the estimated bene-
fits of interregional transmission facilities in two or 
more neighboring transmission planning regions to
556 
meet the needs for transmission system reliability, 
resilience, economic, and public policy requirements. 
(2) INTERREGIONAL TRANSMISSION PLANNING 
PROCESS.—The term ‘‘interregional transmission 
planning process’’ means an evaluation of trans-
mission needs established by public utility trans-
mission providers in two or more neighboring trans-
mission planning regions that are jointly evaluated 
by those regions. 
(3) 
INTERREGIONAL
TRANSMISSION
SOLU-
TION.—The term ‘‘interregional transmission solu-
tion’’ means an interregional transmission facility 
that is evaluated by two or more neighboring trans-
mission planning regions and determined by each of 
those regions for the ability of the project to effi-
ciently or cost effectively meet regional transmission 
needs or to provide substantial benefits that are not 
addressed in either of the region’s regional planning 
processes. 
(4) TRANSMISSION
PLANNING
AUTHORITY.— 
The term ‘‘transmission planning authority’’ means 
the public utility transmission provider within a 
transmission planning region that is required to cre-
ate a regional transmission plan that identifies
557 
transmission facilities and nontransmission alter-
natives needed to meet regional needs. 
(5) TRANSMISSION
PLANNING
REGIONS.—The 
term ‘‘transmission planning regions’’ means the 
transmission planning regions recognized by the 
Commission as compliant with the final rule entitled 
‘‘Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by 
Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utili-
ties’’ located at part 35 of title 18, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulation). 
Subtitle B—State Energy Security 
Plans 
SEC. 5201. STATE ENERGY SECURITY PLANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Part D of title III of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6321 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 367. STATE ENERGY SECURITY PLANS. 
‘‘(a) IN
GENERAL.—Federal financial assistance 
made available to a State under this part may be used 
for the implementation, review, and revision of a State en-
ergy security plan that assesses the State’s existing cir-
cumstances and proposes methods to strengthen the abil-
ity of the State, in consultation with owners and operators 
of energy infrastructure in such State, to—
558 
‘‘(1) secure the energy infrastructure of the 
State against all physical and cybersecurity threats; 
‘‘(2) mitigate the risk of energy supply disrup-
tions to the State and enhance the response to, and 
recovery from, energy disruptions; and 
‘‘(3) ensure the State has a reliable, secure, and 
resilient energy infrastructure. 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—A State energy security 
plan described in subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) address all fuels, including petroleum 
products, other liquid fuels, coal, electricity, and nat-
ural gas, as well as regulated and unregulated en-
ergy providers; 
‘‘(2) provide a State energy profile, including 
an assessment of energy production, distribution, 
and end-use; 
‘‘(3) address potential hazards to each energy 
sector or system, including physical threats and cy-
bersecurity threats and vulnerabilities; 
‘‘(4) provide a risk assessment of energy infra-
structure and cross-sector interdependencies; 
‘‘(5) provide a risk mitigation approach to en-
hance reliability and end-use resilience; and 
‘‘(6) address multi-State, Indian Tribe, and re-
gional coordination planning and response, and to
559 
the extent practicable, encourage mutual assistance 
in cyber and physical response plans. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In developing a State energy 
security plan under this section, the energy office of the 
State shall, to the extent practicable, coordinate with— 
‘‘(1) the public utility or service commission of 
the State; 
‘‘(2) energy providers from the private sector; 
and 
‘‘(3) other entities responsible for maintaining 
fuel or electric reliability. 
‘‘(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—A State is not eligible 
to receive Federal financial assistance under this part, for 
any purpose, for a fiscal year unless the Governor of such 
State submits to the Secretary, with respect to such fiscal 
year— 
‘‘(1) a State energy security plan described in 
subsection (a) that meets the requirements of sub-
section (b); or 
‘‘(2) after an annual review of the State energy 
security plan by the Governor— 
‘‘(A) any necessary revisions to such plan; 
or 
‘‘(B) a certification that no revisions to 
such plan are necessary.
560 
‘‘(e) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Upon request of the 
Governor of a State, the Secretary may provide informa-
tion and technical assistance, and other assistance, in the 
development, implementation, or revision of a State energy 
security plan. 
‘‘(f) SUNSET.—This section shall expire on October 
31, 2024.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 363 
of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 
U.S.C. 6323) is amended— 
(A) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub-
section (e); and 
(B) by striking subsection (e). 
(2) 
TECHNICAL
AMENDMENT.—Section 
366(3)(B)(i) of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6326(3)(B)(i)) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘approved under section 367’’. 
(3) REFERENCE.—The item relating to ‘‘De-
partment of Energy—Energy Conservation’’ in title 
II of the Department of the Interior and Related 
Agencies Appropriations Act, 1985 (42 U.S.C. 
6323a) is amended by striking ‘‘sections 361 
through 366’’ and inserting ‘‘sections 361 through 
367’’.
561 
(4) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections 
for part D of title III of the Energy Policy and Con-
servation Act is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 367. State energy security plans.’’. 
Subtitle C—Research and 
Development 
PART 1—BETTER ENERGY STORAGE 
TECHNOLOGY 
SEC. 5301. ENERGY STORAGE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States Energy Stor-
age Competitiveness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (l) through (p) 
as subsections (p) through (t), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (k) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(l) ENERGY STORAGE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, the 
Secretary shall establish a research and development 
program for energy storage systems, components, 
and materials across multiple program offices of the 
Department.
562 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) coordinate across all relevant pro-
gram offices throughout the Department, in-
cluding the Office of Electricity, the Office of 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the 
Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy, 
the Office of Science, and the Office of Cyberse-
curity, Energy Security, and Emergency Re-
sponse; 
‘‘(B) adopt long-term cost, performance, 
and demonstration targets for different types of 
energy storage systems and for use in a variety 
of regions, including rural areas; 
‘‘(C) incorporate considerations of sustain-
ability, sourcing, recycling, reuse, and disposal 
of materials, including critical elements, in the 
design of energy storage systems; 
‘‘(D) identify energy storage duration 
needs; 
‘‘(E) analyze the need for various types of 
energy storage to improve electric grid resil-
ience and reliability; and 
‘‘(F) support research and development of 
advanced manufacturing technologies that have
563 
the potential to improve United States competi-
tiveness in energy storage manufacturing. 
‘‘(3) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—No later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this sub-
section, the Secretary shall develop a 5-year 
strategic plan identifying research, development, 
demonstration, 
and 
commercial 
application 
goals for the program in accordance with this 
section. The Secretary shall submit this plan to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate. 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The strategic plan sub-
mitted under subparagraph (A) shall— 
‘‘(i) identify programs at the Depart-
ment related to energy storage systems 
that support the research and development 
activities described in paragraph (4), and 
the demonstration projects under sub-
section (m); and 
‘‘(ii) include timelines for the accom-
plishment of goals developed under the 
plan.
564 
‘‘(C) UPDATES
TO
PLAN.—Not less fre-
quently than once every 3 years, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate an updated 
version of the plan under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(4) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—In car-
rying out the program established in paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall focus on developing— 
‘‘(A) energy storage systems that can store 
energy and deliver stored energy for a minimum 
of 6 hours in duration to balance electricity 
needs over the course of a single day; 
‘‘(B) long-duration energy storage systems 
that can store energy and deliver stored energy 
for 10 to 100 hours in duration; and 
‘‘(C) energy storage systems that can store 
energy and deliver stored energy over several 
months and address seasonal scale variations in 
supply and demand. 
‘‘(5) TESTING
AND
VALIDATION.—The Sec-
retary shall support the standardized testing and 
validation of energy storage systems under the pro-
gram through collaboration with 1 or more National
565 
Laboratories, including the development of meth-
odologies to independently validate energy storage 
technologies by— 
‘‘(A) performance of energy storage sys-
tems on the electric grid, including— 
‘‘(i) when appropriate, testing of ap-
plication-driven charge and discharge pro-
tocols; 
‘‘(ii) evaluation of power capacity and 
energy output; 
‘‘(iii) degradation of the energy stor-
age systems from cycling and aging; 
‘‘(iv) safety; and 
‘‘(v) reliability testing under grid duty 
cycles; and 
‘‘(B) prediction of lifetime metrics. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram established in paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) programs and offices that aim to in-
crease domestic manufacturing and production 
of energy storage systems, such as those within 
the Department and within the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology;
566 
‘‘(B) other Federal agencies that are car-
rying out initiatives to increase energy reli-
ability through the development of energy stor-
age systems, including the Department of De-
fense; and 
‘‘(C) other stakeholders working to ad-
vance the development of commercially viable 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(7) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide technical assistance for commercial ap-
plication of energy storage technologies to eligi-
ble entities. 
‘‘(B) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Technical 
assistance provided under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) may include assistance with— 
‘‘(I) assessment of relevant tech-
nical and geographic characteristics; 
‘‘(II) interconnection of elec-
tricity storage systems with the elec-
tric grid; and 
‘‘(III) engineering design; and 
‘‘(ii) may not include assistance relat-
ing to modification of Federal, State, or
567 
local regulations or policies with respect to 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(C) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary 
shall seek applications for technical assist-
ance under the program— 
‘‘(I) on a competitive basis; and 
‘‘(II) on a periodic basis, but not 
less frequently than once every 12 
months. 
‘‘(ii) PRIORITIES.—In selecting eligi-
ble entities for technical assistance for 
commercial applications, the Secretary 
shall give priority to eligible entities with 
projects that have the greatest potential 
for— 
‘‘(I) strengthening the reliability 
and resilience of the electric grid to 
the impact of extreme weather events, 
power grid failures, and interruptions 
in supply of electricity; 
‘‘(II) reducing the cost of energy 
storage systems; or 
‘‘(III) facilitating the use of net 
zero emission energy resources.
568 
‘‘(8) PROGRAM
DEFINED.—In this subsection 
(except in paragraph (9)), the term ‘program’ means 
the research and development program established 
under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(9) TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
GRANT
PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
establish a technical assistance grant program 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘program’) 
to award grants to eligible entities so that enti-
ties may seek technical assistance outside of the 
Department of Energy to identify, evaluate, 
plan, design, and develop processes to procure 
energy storage systems. 
‘‘(B) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Grants for tech-
nical assistance may be used to obtain 
technical assistance with one or more of 
the following activities relating to energy 
storage systems: 
‘‘(I) Identification of opportuni-
ties to use energy storage systems. 
‘‘(II) Assessment of technical and 
economic characteristics. 
‘‘(III) Utility interconnection.
569 
‘‘(IV) 
Permitting 
and 
siting 
issues. 
‘‘(V) Business planning and fi-
nancial analysis. 
‘‘(VI) Engineering design. 
‘‘(VII) Carrying out initial as-
sessment to identify net system bene-
fits of using energy storage systems. 
‘‘(VIII) Obtaining guidance relat-
ing to methods to assess energy stor-
age in long-term resource planning 
and resource procurement. 
‘‘(IX) Carrying out studies to as-
sess the cost-benefit ratio of energy 
storage systems. 
‘‘(X) Obtaining guidance on com-
plying with state and local regulatory 
technical standards, including siting 
and permitting standards. 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.—The grants for 
technical assistance described in subpara-
graph (A) shall not be used for assistance 
relating to modification of Federal, State, 
or local regulations or policies relating to 
energy storage systems.
570 
‘‘(C) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity 
desiring grants for technical assistance 
under the program shall submit to the Sec-
retary an application at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information 
as the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(ii) 
APPLICATION
PROCESS.—The 
Secretary shall seek applications for tech-
nical assistance grants under the pro-
gram— 
‘‘(I) on a competitive basis; and 
‘‘(II) on a periodic basis, but not 
less frequently than once every 12 
months. 
‘‘(D) PRIORITIES.—In selecting eligible en-
tities for grants under the program, the Sec-
retary shall give priority to eligible entities with 
projects that have the greatest potential for— 
‘‘(i) strengthening the reliability of en-
ergy infrastructure and the resilience of 
energy infrastructure to the effects of ex-
treme weather events, power grid failures, 
and interruptions in supply of power;
571 
‘‘(ii) reducing the cost of energy stor-
age systems; 
‘‘(iii) facilitating the use of renewable 
energy resources; 
‘‘(iv) minimizing environmental im-
pact, including regulated air pollutants and 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(v) improving the feasibility of 
microgrids or island-mode operation, par-
ticularly in rural areas, including rural 
areas with high energy costs; and 
‘‘(vi) maximizing local job creation. 
‘‘(E) RULES AND PROCEDURES.— 
‘‘(i) RULES.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall, by rule, establish proce-
dures for carrying out the program. 
‘‘(ii) GRANTS.—Not later than 120 
days after the date on which the Secretary 
establishes procedures for the program 
under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
shall issue grants under this subsection. 
‘‘(F) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall sub-
mit to Congress and make available to the pub-
lic—
572 
‘‘(i) not less frequently than once 
every 2 years, a report describing the per-
formance of the program under this sub-
section, including a synthesis and analysis 
of any information the Secretary requires 
grant recipients to provide to the Secretary 
as a condition of receiving a grant; and 
‘‘(ii) on termination of the program 
under this subsection, an assessment of the 
success of, and education provided by, the 
measures carried out by eligible entities 
under the program. 
‘‘(10) 
DEPARTMENT
OF
ENERGY
WORK-
SHOPS.—The Secretary shall hold one or more work-
shops during each of calendar years 2021 and 2023 
to facilitate the sharing, across the Department of 
Energy, the States, local and Tribal governments, 
industry, and the academic research community, of 
research developments and new technical knowledge 
gained in carrying out this subsection.’’. 
(b) ENERGY
STORAGE
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.—The United States Energy Storage Competitive-
ness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231), as amended, is fur-
ther amended by inserting after subsection (l), as added 
by subsection (a), the following:
573 
‘‘(m) ENERGY
STORAGE
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a competitive grant program for the dem-
onstration of energy storage systems, as identified 
by the Secretary, that use either— 
‘‘(A) a single system; or 
‘‘(B) aggregations of multiple systems. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.—In selecting 
eligible entities to receive a grant under this section, 
the Secretary shall, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable— 
‘‘(A) ensure regional diversity among eligi-
ble entities that receive the grants, including 
participation by rural States and small States; 
‘‘(B) ensure that specific projects selected 
for grants— 
‘‘(i) expand on the existing technology 
demonstration programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy; and 
‘‘(ii) are designed to achieve one or 
more of the objectives described in para-
graph (3); 
‘‘(C) give consideration to proposals from 
eligible entities for securing energy storage
574 
through competitive procurement or contract 
for service; and 
‘‘(D) prioritize projects that leverage 
matching funds from non-Federal sources. 
‘‘(3) OBJECTIVES.—Each demonstration project 
selected for a grant under paragraph (1) shall in-
clude one or more of the following objectives: 
‘‘(A) To improve the security of critical in-
frastructure and emergency response systems. 
‘‘(B) To improve the reliability of the 
transmission and distribution system, particu-
larly in rural areas, including high energy cost 
rural areas. 
‘‘(C) To optimize transmission or distribu-
tion system operation and power quality to 
defer or avoid costs of replacing or upgrading 
electric grid infrastructure, including trans-
formers and substations. 
‘‘(D) To supply energy at peak periods of 
demand on the electric grid or during periods of 
significant variation of electric grid supply or 
demand. 
‘‘(E) To reduce peak loads of homes and 
businesses, particularly to defer or avoid invest-
ments in new electric grid capacity.
575 
‘‘(F) To advance power conversion systems 
to make the systems smarter, more efficient, 
able to communicate with other inverters, and 
able to control voltage. 
‘‘(G) To provide ancillary services for grid 
stability and management. 
‘‘(H) To integrate one or more energy re-
sources, including renewable energy resources, 
at the source or away from the source. 
‘‘(I) 
To 
increase 
the 
feasibility 
of 
microgrids or island-mode operation. 
‘‘(J) To enable the use of stored energy in 
forms other than electricity to support the nat-
ural gas system and other industrial processes. 
‘‘(4) RESTRICTION ON USE OF FUNDS.—Any el-
igible entity that receives a grant under paragraph 
(1) may only use the grant to fund programs relat-
ing to the demonstration of energy storage systems 
connected to the electric grid, or that provides bi-di-
rectional energy storage capable of providing back- 
up energy in the event of grid outages, including en-
ergy storage systems sited behind a customer rev-
enue meter. 
‘‘(5) COST SHARING.—In carrying out this sec-
tion, the Secretary shall require cost sharing under
576 
this section in accordance with section 988 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352). 
‘‘(6) NO PROJECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST.—The 
United States shall hold no equity or other owner-
ship interest in an energy storage system for which 
a grant is provided under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(7) RULES AND PROCEDURES; AWARDING OF 
GRANTS.— 
‘‘(A) RULES AND PROCEDURES.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this subsection, the Secretary shall adopt rules 
and procedures for carrying out the grant pro-
gram under subsection (m). 
‘‘(B) AWARDING
OF
GRANTS.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date on which the rules 
and procedures under paragraph (A) are estab-
lished, the Secretary shall award the initial 
grants provided under this section. 
‘‘(8) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall submit to 
Congress and make publicly available— 
‘‘(A) not less frequently than once every 2 
years for the duration of the grant program 
under subsection (m), a report describing the 
performance of the grant program, including a 
synthesis and analysis of any information the
577 
Secretary requires grant recipients to provide to 
the Secretary as a condition of receiving a 
grant; and 
‘‘(B) on termination of the grant program 
under subsection (m), an assessment of the suc-
cess of, and education provided by, the meas-
ures carried out by grant recipients under the 
grant program. 
‘‘(9) PROGRAM DEFINED.—In this subsection, 
the term ‘program’ means the demonstration pro-
gram established under paragraph (1).’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—The 
United States Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is amended, in subsection (t) (as 
redesignated by subsection (a)(1))— 
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘;’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) the research and development program for 
energy storage systems under subsection (l)— 
‘‘(A) $65,100,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(B) $68,355,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(C) $71,773,000 for fiscal year 2023;
578 
‘‘(D) $75,362,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(E) $79,130,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(8) the demonstration program for energy 
storage systems under subsection (m), $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
SEC. 5302. CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING AND REUSE RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRA-
TION PROGRAM. 
The United States Energy Storage Competitiveness 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is amended by inserting 
after subsection (m), as added by section 5301(b) of this 
Act, the following: 
‘‘(n) CRITICAL MINERAL RECYCLING AND REUSE 
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) CRITICAL MINERAL.—The term ‘crit-
ical mineral’ means any of a class of chemical 
elements that have a high risk of a supply dis-
ruption and are critical to one or more new, en-
ergy-related technologies such that a shortage 
of such element would significantly inhibit 
large-scale deployment of technologies that 
store energy.
579 
‘‘(B) RECYCLING.—The term ‘recycling’ 
means the separation of critical minerals em-
bedded within an energy storage system 
through physical or chemical means and reuse 
of those separated critical minerals in other 
technologies. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
the Secretary shall establish a research, develop-
ment, and demonstration program of recycling of en-
ergy storage systems containing critical minerals. 
‘‘(3) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION.—In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary may focus research, development, and 
demonstration activities on— 
‘‘(A) technologies, process improvements, 
and design optimizations that facilitate and 
promote recycling, including— 
‘‘(i) improvement of efficiency and 
rates of collection of products and scrap 
containing critical minerals from con-
sumer, industrial, and other waste streams; 
‘‘(ii) separation and sorting of compo-
nent materials in energy storage systems 
containing critical minerals, including im-
580 
proving the recyclability of such energy 
storage systems; 
‘‘(iii) safe storage of energy storage 
systems, including reducing fire risk; 
‘‘(iv) safe transportation of energy 
storage systems and components; and 
‘‘(v) development of technologies to 
advance energy storage recycling facility 
infrastructure, including integrated recy-
cling facilities that can process multiple 
materials; 
‘‘(B) research and development of tech-
nologies that mitigate emissions and environ-
mental impacts that arise from recycling, in-
cluding disposal of toxic reagents and byprod-
ucts related to recycling processes; 
‘‘(C) research and development of tech-
nologies to enable recycling of critical materials 
from batteries in electric vehicles; 
‘‘(D) research on and analysis of non-tech-
nical barriers to improving the transportation of 
energy storage systems containing critical min-
erals; and 
‘‘(E) research on technologies and methods 
to enable the safe disposal of energy storage
581 
systems containing critical minerals, including 
waste materials and components recovered dur-
ing the recycling process. 
‘‘(4) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 
years after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate a report summarizing the activities, findings, 
and progress of the program. 
‘‘(o) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of subsections (l), 
(m), and (n), the following definitions apply: 
‘‘(1) ENERGY
STORAGE
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘energy storage system’ means equipment or facili-
ties relating to the electric grid that are capable of 
absorbing and converting energy, as applicable, stor-
ing the energy for a period of time, and dispatching 
the energy, and that— 
‘‘(A) use mechanical, electrochemical, bio-
chemical, or thermal processes, to convert and 
store energy that was generated at an earlier 
time for use at a later time; 
‘‘(B) use mechanical, electrochemical, bio-
chemical, or thermal processes to convert and
582 
store energy generated from mechanical proc-
esses that would otherwise be wasted for deliv-
ery at a later time; or 
‘‘(C) convert and store energy in an elec-
tric, thermal, or gaseous state for consumption 
at a later time in a manner that avoids the 
need to use electricity or other fuel sources at 
that later time, as is offered by grid-enabled 
water heaters, building heaters or coolers, elec-
tric vehicles, mini-pumped hydroelectric facili-
ties, electrolysis processes that make hydrogen 
for transportation or industrial needs, or any 
other load shaping mechanism that includes en-
ergy storage. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible en-
tity’ means— 
‘‘(A) a State, territory, or possession of the 
United States; 
‘‘(B) a State energy office (as defined in 
section 124(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 15821(a))); 
‘‘(C) a tribal organization (as defined in 
section 3765 of title 38, United States Code);
583 
‘‘(D) an institution of higher education (as 
defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); 
‘‘(E) an electric utility, including— 
‘‘(i) a rural electric cooperative; 
‘‘(ii) a political subdivision of a State, 
such as a municipally owned electric util-
ity, or any agency, authority, corporation, 
or instrumentality of one or more State po-
litical subdivisions; and 
‘‘(iii) an investor-owned utility; and 
‘‘(F) a private energy storage company 
that is a small business concern (as defined in 
section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 
632)). 
‘‘(3) ISLAND MODE.—The term ‘island mode’ 
means a mode in which a distributed generator or 
energy storage system continues to power a location 
in the absence of electric power from the primary 
source. 
‘‘(4) MICROGRID.—The term ‘microgrid’ means 
an integrated energy system consisting of inter-
connected loads and distributed energy resources, in-
cluding generators and energy storage systems, with-
in clearly defined electrical boundaries that—
584 
‘‘(A) acts as a single controllable entity 
with respect to the electric grid; 
‘‘(B) can connect to, and disconnect from, 
the electric grid to operate in both grid-con-
nected mode and island mode. 
‘‘(5) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘na-
tional laboratory’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801).’’. 
PART 2—GRID MODERNIZATION RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 5321. SMART GRID REGIONAL DEMONSTRATION INI-
TIATIVE. 
Section 1304 of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17384) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘research, 
development, and demonstration’’ before ‘‘program’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a smart grid regional demonstration initiative 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘Initiative’) 
composed of demonstration projects focused on cost- 
effective, advanced technologies for use in power grid
585 
sensing, communications, analysis, power flow con-
trol, visualization, distribution automation, industrial 
control systems, dynamic line rating systems, grid 
redesign, and the integration of distributed energy 
resources.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by inserting at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(F) to encourage the commercial applica-
tion of advanced distribution automation tech-
nologies that exert intelligent control over elec-
trical grid functions at the distribution level to 
improve system resilience.’’. 
SEC. 5322. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, ARCHI-
TECTURE, AND CONTROLS. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.) is amended by in-
serting after section 1304 the following:
586 
‘‘SEC. 1304a. SMART GRID MODELING, VISUALIZATION, AR-
CHITECTURE, AND CONTROLS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a program of research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application on electric grid modeling, sensing, 
visualization, architecture development, and advanced op-
eration and controls. 
‘‘(b) MODELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Secretary shall support development of models of 
emerging technologies and systems to facilitate the secure 
and reliable design, planning, and operation of the electric 
grid for use by industry stakeholders. In particular, the 
Secretary shall support development of— 
‘‘(1) models to analyze and predict the effects 
of adverse physical and cyber events on the electric 
grid; 
‘‘(2) coupled models of electrical, physical, and 
cyber systems; 
‘‘(3) models of existing and emerging tech-
nologies being deployed on the electric grid due to 
projected changes in the electric generation mix and 
loads, for a variety of regional characteristics; and 
‘‘(4) integrated models of the communications, 
transmission, distribution, and other interdependent
587 
systems for existing, new, and emerging tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(c) SITUATIONAL AWARENESS RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port development of computational tools and tech-
nologies to improve sensing, monitoring, and visual-
ization of the electric grid for real-time situational 
awareness and decision support tools that enable im-
proved operation of the power system, including util-
ity, non-utility, and customer grid-connected assets, 
for use by industry partners. 
‘‘(2) DATA
USE.—In developing visualization 
capabilities under this section, the Secretary shall 
develop tools for industry stakeholders to use to ana-
lyze data collected from advanced measurement and 
monitoring technologies, including data from phasor 
measurement units and advanced metering units. 
‘‘(3) SEVERE
EVENTS.—The Secretary shall 
prioritize enhancing cyber and physical situational 
awareness of the electric grid during adverse man-
made and naturally-occurring events. 
‘‘(d) ARCHITECTURE.—The Secretary shall conduct 
research in collaboration with industry stakeholders to de-
velop model grid architectures to assist with wide-area
588 
transmission and distribution planning that incorporate 
expected changes to the modern electric grid. In sup-
porting the development of model grid architectures, the 
Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) analyze a variety of grid architecture sce-
narios that range from minor upgrades to existing 
transmission grid infrastructure to scenarios that in-
volve the replacement of significant portions of exist-
ing transmission grid infrastructure; 
‘‘(2) analyze the effects of the increasing pro-
liferation of renewable and other zero emissions en-
ergy generation sources, increasing use of distrib-
uted resources owned by non-utility entities, and the 
use of digital and automated controls not managed 
by grid operators; 
‘‘(3) include a variety of new and emerging dis-
tribution grid technologies, including distributed en-
ergy resources, electric vehicle charging stations, dis-
tribution automation technologies, energy storage, 
and renewable energy sources; 
‘‘(4) analyze the effects of local load balancing 
and other forms of decentralized control; 
‘‘(5) analyze the effects of changes to grid ar-
chitectures resulting from modernizing electric grid 
systems, including communications, controls, mar-
589 
kets, consumer choice, emergency response, elec-
trification, and cybersecurity concerns; and 
‘‘(6) develop integrated grid architectures that 
incorporate system resilience for cyber, physical, and 
communications systems. 
‘‘(e) OPERATION
AND CONTROLS RESEARCH
AND 
DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary shall conduct research to 
develop improvements to the operation and controls of the 
electric grid, in coordination with industry partners. Such 
activities shall include— 
‘‘(1) a training facility or facilities to allow grid 
operators to gain operational experience with ad-
vanced grid control concepts and technologies; 
‘‘(2) development of cost-effective advanced op-
eration and control concepts and technologies, such 
as adaptive islanding, dynamic line rating systems, 
power flow controllers, network topology optimiza-
tion, smart circuit breakers, intelligent load shed-
ding, and fault-tolerant control system architectures; 
‘‘(3) development of real-time control concepts 
using artificial intelligence and machine learning for 
improved electric grid resilience; and 
‘‘(4) utilization of advanced data analytics in-
cluding load forecasting, power flow modeling, equip-
590 
ment failure prediction, resource optimization, risk 
analysis, and decision analysis. 
‘‘(f) INTEROPERABILITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Secretary shall conduct research and devel-
opment on tools and technologies that improve the inter-
operability and compatibility of new and emerging compo-
nents, technologies, and systems with existing electric grid 
infrastructure. 
‘‘(g) UNDERGROUND TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBU-
TION LINES.—In carrying out the program under sub-
section (a), the Secretary shall support research and devel-
opment on underground transmission and distribution 
lines. This shall include research on— 
‘‘(1) methods for lowering the costs of under-
ground transmission and distribution lines, including 
through novel installation techniques and materials 
considerations; 
‘‘(2) techniques to improve the lifespan of un-
derground transmission and distribution lines; 
‘‘(3) wireless sensors to improve safety of un-
derground transmission and distribution lines and to 
predict, identify, detect, and transmit information 
about degradation and faults; and 
‘‘(4) methods for improving the resilience and 
reliability of underground transmission and distribu-
591 
tion lines, including by mitigating the impact of 
flooding, storm surge, and seasonal climate cycles on 
degradation of and damage to underground trans-
mission and distribution lines. 
‘‘(h) COMPUTING RESOURCES AND DATA COORDINA-
TION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) leverage existing computing resources at 
the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(2) develop voluntary standards for data 
taxonomies and communication protocols in coordi-
nation with public and private sector stakeholders; 
and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5327 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(i) INFORMATION SHARING.—None of the activities 
authorized in this section shall require private entities to 
share information or data with the Secretary. 
‘‘(j) RESILIENCE.—In this section, the term ‘resil-
ience’ means the ability to withstand and reduce the mag-
nitude or duration of disruptive events, which includes the 
capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, or rapidly re-
cover from such an event, including from deliberate at-
tacks, accidents, and naturally occurring threats or inci-
dents.’’.
592 
SEC. 5323. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.), as amended, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1310. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
develop cost-effective hybrid energy systems, including— 
‘‘(1) development of computer modeling to de-
sign different configurations of hybrid energy sys-
tems and to optimize system operation; 
‘‘(2) research on system integration needed to 
plan, design, build, and operate hybrid energy sys-
tems, including interconnection requirements with 
the electric grid; 
‘‘(3) development of hybrid energy systems for 
various applications, including— 
‘‘(A) thermal energy generation and stor-
age for buildings and manufacturing; 
‘‘(B) electricity storage coupled with en-
ergy generation; 
‘‘(C) desalination; 
‘‘(D) production of liquid and gaseous 
fuels; and
593 
‘‘(E) production of chemicals such as am-
monia and ethylene; 
‘‘(4) development of testing facilities for hybrid 
energy systems; and 
‘‘(5) research on incorporation of various tech-
nologies for hybrid energy systems, including nuclear 
energy, renewable energy, storage, and carbon cap-
ture, utilization, and sequestration technologies. 
‘‘(b) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a strategic plan that identifies 
opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for 
the development and commercial application of hy-
brid energy systems. The strategic plan shall in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) analysis of the potential benefits of 
development of hybrid electric systems on the 
electric grid; 
‘‘(B) analysis of the potential contributions 
of hybrid energy systems to different grid archi-
tecture scenarios;
594 
‘‘(C) research and development goals for 
various hybrid energy systems, including those 
identified in subsection (a); 
‘‘(D) assessment of policy and market bar-
riers to the adoption of hybrid energy systems; 
‘‘(E) analysis of the technical and eco-
nomic feasibility of adoption of different hybrid 
energy systems; and 
‘‘(F) a 10-year roadmap to guide the pro-
gram established under subsection (a). 
‘‘(2) UPDATES.—Not less than once every 3 
years for the duration of this research program, the 
Secretary shall submit an updated version of the 
strategic plan to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
the research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application aims of section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations set forth 
in the strategic plan in subsection (b); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department, including—
595 
‘‘(A) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy; 
‘‘(B) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and 
‘‘(C) the Office of Fossil Energy; 
‘‘(3) leverage existing programs and resources 
of the Department; 
‘‘(4) prioritize activities that accelerate the de-
velopment of integrated electricity generation, stor-
age, and distribution systems with net zero green-
house gas emissions; and 
‘‘(5) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(d) HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM DEFINED.—The term 
‘hybrid energy system’ means a system composed of 2 or 
more co-located or jointly operated sub-systems of energy 
generation, energy storage, or other energy technologies.’’. 
SEC. 5324. GRID INTEGRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT. 
(a) 
INTEGRATING
DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY
RE-
SOURCES ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.—Section 925(a) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16215) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) 
as paragraphs (12) and (13), respectively; and
596 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (9) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(10) the development of cost-effective tech-
nologies that enable two-way information and power 
flow between distributed energy resources and the 
electric grid; 
‘‘(11) the development of technologies and con-
cepts that enable interoperability between distributed 
energy resources and other behind-the-meter devices 
and the electric grid;’’. 
(b) INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle C of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 936. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTE-
GRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program on 
technologies that enable integration of renewable energy 
generation sources onto the electric grid across multiple 
program offices of the Department. The program shall in-
clude—
597 
‘‘(1) forecasting for predicting generation from 
variable renewable energy sources; 
‘‘(2) development of cost-effective low-loss, long- 
distance transmission lines; and 
‘‘(3) development of cost-effective advanced 
technologies 
for 
variable 
renewable 
generation 
sources to provide grid services. 
‘‘(b) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this program, 
the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(2) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(c) ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall consider barriers to adop-
tion and commercial application of technologies that en-
able integration of renewable energy sources onto the elec-
tric grid, including cost and other economic barriers, and 
shall coordinate with relevant entities to reduce these bar-
riers.’’. 
(c) INTEGRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle B of title I of the Energy Inde-
598 
pendence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INTO INTE-
GRATING ELECTRIC VEHICLES ONTO THE 
ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 
research, development, and demonstration program to ad-
vance the integration of electric vehicles, including plug- 
in hybrid electric vehicles, onto the electric grid. 
‘‘(b) VEHICLES-TO-GRID INTEGRATION ASSESSMENT 
REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the enactment of 
this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate a report on the results of a study 
that examines the research, development, and demonstra-
tion opportunities, challenges, and standards needed for 
integrating electric vehicles onto the electric grid. 
‘‘(1) REPORT
REQUIREMENTS.—The report 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) an evaluation of the use of electric ve-
hicles to maintain the reliability of the electric 
grid, including—
599 
‘‘(i) the use of electric vehicles for de-
mand response, load shaping, emergency 
power, and frequency regulation; and 
‘‘(ii) the potential for the reuse of 
spent electric vehicle batteries for sta-
tionary grid storage; 
‘‘(B) the impact of grid integration on 
electric vehicles, including— 
‘‘(i) the impact of bi-directional elec-
tricity flow on battery degradation; and 
‘‘(ii) the implications of the use of 
electric vehicles for grid services on origi-
nal equipment manufacturer warranties; 
‘‘(C) the impacts to the electric grid of in-
creased penetration of electric vehicles, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) the distribution grid infrastruc-
ture needed to support an increase in 
charging capacity; 
‘‘(ii) strategies for integrating electric 
vehicles onto the distribution grid while 
limiting infrastructure upgrades; 
‘‘(iii) the changes in electricity de-
mand over a 24-hour cycle due to electric 
vehicle charging behavior;
600 
‘‘(iv) the load increases expected from 
electrifying the transportation sector; 
‘‘(v) the potential for customer incen-
tives and other managed charging stations 
strategies to shift charging off-peak; 
‘‘(vi) the technology needed to achieve 
bi-directional power flow on the distribu-
tion grid; and 
‘‘(vii) the implementation of smart 
charging techniques; 
‘‘(D) research on the standards needed to 
integrate electric vehicles with the grid, includ-
ing communications systems, protocols, and 
charging stations, in collaboration with the Na-
tional Institute for Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(E) the cybersecurity challenges and 
needs associated with electrifying the transpor-
tation sector; and 
‘‘(F) an assessment of the feasibility of 
adopting technologies developed under the pro-
gram established under subsection (a) at De-
partment facilities. 
‘‘(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—As part of the Ve-
hicles-to-Grid Integration Assessment Report, the 
Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap to guide
601 
the research, development, and demonstration pro-
gram to integrate electric vehicles onto the electric 
grid. 
‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing this re-
port, the Secretary shall consult with relevant stake-
holders, including— 
‘‘(A) electric vehicle manufacturers; 
‘‘(B) electric utilities; 
‘‘(C) public utility commissions; 
‘‘(D) vehicle battery manufacturers; 
‘‘(E) electric vehicle supply equipment 
manufacturers; 
‘‘(F) charging infrastructure manufactur-
ers; 
‘‘(G) the National Laboratories; and 
‘‘(H) other Federal agencies, as the Sec-
retary determines appropriate. 
‘‘(4) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall update 
the report required under this section every 3 years 
for the duration of the program under section (a) 
and shall submit the updated report to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
602 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
the research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application aims of section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations set forth 
in the report in subsection (b); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. 
‘‘(d) TESTING CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall 
coordinate with the National Laboratories to develop test-
ing capabilities for the evaluation, rapid prototyping, and 
optimization of technologies enabling integration of elec-
tric vehicles onto the electric grid.’’. 
(d) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON INTEGRATING 
BUILDINGS ONTO THE ELECTRIC GRID.—Subtitle B of 
title IV of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17081 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 426. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF BUILDINGS ONTO 
THE ELECTRIC GRID. 
‘‘(a) BUILDINGS-TO-GRID INTEGRATION REPORT.— 
Not later than 1 year after the enactment of this section,
603 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the results of a study that examines 
the research, development, and demonstration opportuni-
ties, challenges, and standards needed to enable compo-
nents of commercial and residential buildings to serve as 
dynamic energy loads on and resources for the electric 
grid. 
‘‘(1) REPORT
REQUIREMENTS.—The report 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) an assessment of the technologies 
needed to enable building components as dy-
namic loads on and resources for the electric 
grid, including how such technologies can be— 
‘‘(i) incorporated into new commercial 
and residential buildings; and 
‘‘(ii) retrofitted in older buildings; 
‘‘(B) guidelines for the design of new 
buildings and building components to enable 
modern grid interactivity and improve energy 
efficiency; 
‘‘(C) an assessment of barriers to the 
adoption by building owners of advanced tech-
604 
nologies enabling greater integration of building 
components onto the electric grid; and 
‘‘(D) an assessment of the feasibility of 
adopting advanced building technologies at De-
partment facilities. 
‘‘(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—As part of the re-
port, the Secretary shall develop a 10-year roadmap 
to guide the research, development, and demonstra-
tion program to enable components of commercial 
and residential buildings to serve as dynamic energy 
loads on and resources for the electric grid. 
‘‘(3) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall update 
the report required under this section every 3 years 
for the duration of the program under subsection (a) 
and shall submit the updated report to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out 
this section, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) implement the recommendations from the 
report in subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices at the Department to achieve the goals estab-
605 
lished in this section, including the Office of Elec-
tricity; and 
‘‘(3) comply with section 5326 of the Clean 
Economy Jobs and Innovation Act.’’. 
SEC. 5325. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE. 
Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et seq.), as amended, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1311. INDUSTRY ALLIANCE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish 
an advisory committee (to be known as the ‘Industry Alli-
ance’) to advise the Secretary on the authorization of re-
search, development, and demonstration projects under 
sections 1304 and 1304a. 
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Industry Alliance shall be 
composed of members selected by the Secretary that, as 
a group, are broadly representative of United States elec-
tric grid research, development, infrastructure, operations, 
and manufacturing expertise. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITY.—The Secretary shall annually 
solicit from the Industry Alliance— 
‘‘(1) comments to identify grid modernization 
technology needs;
606 
‘‘(2) an assessment of the progress of the re-
search activities on grid modernization; and 
‘‘(3) assistance in annually updating grid mod-
ernization technology roadmaps.’’. 
SEC. 5326. COORDINATION OF EFFORTS. 
In carrying out the amendments made by this part, 
the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant entities to the 
maximum extent practicable, including— 
(1) electric utilities; 
(2) private sector entities; 
(3) representatives of all sectors of the electric 
power industry; 
(4) transmission organizations; 
(5) transmission owners and operators; 
(6) distribution organizations; 
(7) distribution asset owners and operators; 
(8) State, tribal, local, and territorial govern-
ments and regulatory authorities; 
(9) academic institutions; 
(10) the National Laboratories; 
(11) other Federal agencies; 
(12) nonprofit organizations; 
(13) the Federal Energy Regulatory Commis-
sion;
607 
(14) the North American Reliability Corpora-
tion; 
(15) independent system operators; and 
(16) programs and program offices at the De-
partment. 
SEC. 5327. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS; AUTHORIZATION OF 
APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) ENERGY
INDEPENDENCE
AND
SECURITY 
ACT OF 2007.—Section 1(b) of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 is amended in 
the table of contents— 
(A) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 136: 
‘‘Sec. 137. Research and development into integrating electric vehicles onto the 
electric grid.’’; 
(B) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 425: 
‘‘Sec. 426. Advanced integration of buildings onto the electric grid.’’; 
(C) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 1304: 
‘‘Sec. 1304a. Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls.’’; 
and 
(D) by inserting the following after the 
item related to section 1309: 
‘‘Sec. 1310. Hybrid energy systems. 
‘‘Sec. 1311. Industry Alliance.’’.
608 
(2) ENERGY
POLICY
ACT
OF 2005.—Section 
1(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended 
in the table of contents by inserting the following 
after the item related to section 935: 
‘‘Sec. 936. Research and development into integrating renewable energy onto 
the electric grid.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated— 
(1) to carry out sections 5325 and 5326 and 
the amendments made by sections 5321 and 5322 of 
this part— 
(A) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $185,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $190,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
(E) $199,500,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(2) to carry out section 5323 of this part— 
(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $23,153,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $24,310,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $25,525,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
(3) to carry out section 5324 of this part— 
(A) $52,500,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $55,152,000 for fiscal year 2022;
609 
(C) $57,882,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $60,775,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $63,814,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
PART 3—GRID SECURITY RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 5341. AMENDMENT TO ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND 
SECURITY ACT OF 2007. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title XIII of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17381 et 
seq.), as amended by this Act, is further amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1312. ENERGY SECTOR SECURITY RESEARCH, DEVEL-
OPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with appropriate Federal agencies, the Electricity Sub-
sector Coordinating Council, the Electric Reliability Orga-
nization, State, tribal, local, and territorial governments, 
the private sector, and other relevant stakeholders, shall 
carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro-
gram to protect the electric grid and energy systems, in-
cluding assets connected to the distribution grid, from 
cyber and physical attacks by increasing the cyber and 
physical security capabilities of the energy sector and ac-
celerating the development of relevant technologies and 
tools.
610 
‘‘(b) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—As part of the ini-
tiative described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
award research, development, and demonstration grants 
to— 
‘‘(1) identify cybersecurity risks to the elec-
tricity sector, energy systems, and energy infrastruc-
ture; 
‘‘(2) develop methods and tools to rapidly detect 
cyber intrusions and cybersecurity incidents, includ-
ing through the use of data and big data analytics 
techniques, such as intrusion detection, and security 
information and event management systems, to vali-
date and verify system behavior; 
‘‘(3) assess emerging cybersecurity capabilities 
that could be applied to energy systems and develop 
technologies that integrate cybersecurity features 
and procedures into the design and development of 
existing and emerging grid technologies, including 
renewable energy, storage, and demand-side manage-
ment technologies; 
‘‘(4) identify existing vulnerabilities in intel-
ligent electronic devices, advanced analytics systems, 
and information systems;
611 
‘‘(5) work with relevant entities to develop tech-
nologies or concepts that build or retrofit cybersecu-
rity features and procedures into— 
‘‘(A) information and energy management 
system devices, components, software, firmware, 
and hardware, including distributed control and 
management systems, and building manage-
ment systems; 
‘‘(B) data storage systems, data manage-
ment systems, and data analysis processes; 
‘‘(C) automated- and manually-controlled 
devices and equipment for monitoring and sta-
bilizing the electric grid; 
‘‘(D) technologies used to synchronize time 
and develop guidance for operational contin-
gency plans when time synchronization tech-
nologies, are compromised; 
‘‘(E) power system delivery and end user 
systems and devices that connect to the grid, 
including— 
‘‘(i) 
meters, 
phasor 
measurement 
units, and other sensors; 
‘‘(ii) distribution automation tech-
nologies, smart inverters, and other grid 
control technologies;
612 
‘‘(iii) distributed generation, energy 
storage, and other distributed energy tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(iv) demand response technologies; 
‘‘(v) home and building energy man-
agement and control systems; 
‘‘(vi) electric and plug-in hybrid vehi-
cles and electric vehicle charging systems; 
and 
‘‘(vii) other relevant devices, software, 
firmware, and hardware; and 
‘‘(F) the supply chain of electric grid man-
agement system components; 
‘‘(6) develop technologies that improve the 
physical security of information systems, including 
remote assets; 
‘‘(7) integrate human factors research into the 
design and development of advanced tools and proc-
esses for dynamic monitoring, detection, protection, 
mitigation, response, and cyber situational aware-
ness; 
‘‘(8) evaluate and understand the potential con-
sequences of practices used to maintain the cyberse-
curity of information systems and intelligent elec-
tronic devices;
613 
‘‘(9) develop or expand the capabilities of exist-
ing cybersecurity test beds to simulate impacts of 
cyber attacks and combined cyber-physical attacks 
on information systems and electronic devices, in-
cluding by increasing access to existing and emerg-
ing test beds for cooperative utilities, utilities owned 
by a political subdivision of a State, such as munici-
pally-owned electric utilities, and other relevant 
stakeholders; and 
‘‘(10) develop technologies that reduce the cost 
of implementing effective cybersecurity technologies 
and tools, including updates to these technologies 
and tools, in the energy sector. 
‘‘(c) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.—The Na-
tional Science Foundation, in coordination with other Fed-
eral agencies, shall through its cybersecurity research and 
development programs— 
‘‘(1) support basic research to advance knowl-
edge, 
applications, 
technologies, 
and 
tools 
to 
strengthen the cybersecurity of information systems 
that support the electric grid and energy systems, 
including interdisciplinary research in— 
‘‘(A) evolutionary systems, theories, mathe-
matics, and models;
614 
‘‘(B) economic and financial theories, 
mathematics, and models; and 
‘‘(C) big data analytical methods, mathe-
matics, computer coding, and algorithms; and 
‘‘(2) support cybersecurity education and train-
ing focused on information systems for the electric 
grid and energy workforce, including through the 
Advanced Technological Education program, the 
Cybercorps program, graduate research fellowships, 
and other appropriate programs. 
‘‘SEC. 1313. GRID RESILIENCE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in coordina-
tion with appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish a 
research, development, and demonstration program to en-
hance resilience and strengthen emergency response and 
management pertaining to the energy sector. 
‘‘(b) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall award grants to 
eligible entities under subsection (c) on a competitive basis 
to conduct research and development with the purpose of 
improving the resilience and reliability of electric grid by— 
‘‘(1) developing methods to improve community 
and governmental preparation for and emergency re-
sponse to large-area, long-duration electricity inter-
ruptions, including through the use of energy effi-
615 
ciency, storage, and distributed generation tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(2) developing tools to help utilities and com-
munities ensure the continuous delivery of electricity 
to critical facilities; 
‘‘(3) developing tools to improve coordination 
between utilities and relevant Federal agencies to 
enable communication, information-sharing, and sit-
uational awareness in the event of a physical or 
cyber-attack on the electric grid; 
‘‘(4) developing technologies and capabilities to 
withstand and address the current and projected im-
pact of the changing climate on energy sector infra-
structure, including extreme weather events other 
natural disasters, and wildfires; 
‘‘(5) developing technologies capable of early 
detection of malfunctioning electrical equipment on 
the transmission and distribution grid, including de-
tection of spark ignition causing wildfires and risks 
of vegetation contact; 
‘‘(6) assessing upgrades and additions needed 
to energy sector infrastructure due to projected 
changes in the energy generation mix and energy de-
mand;
616 
‘‘(7) upgrading tools used to estimate the costs 
of outages longer than 24 hours; and 
‘‘(8) developing tools and technologies to assist 
with the planning, safe execution of, and safe and 
timely restoration of power after emergency power 
shut offs, such as those conducted to reduce risks of 
wildfires started by grid infrastructure. 
‘‘(c) CONCURRENT AND CO-LOCATED DISASTERS.— 
In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Sec-
retary shall support research and development on tools, 
techniques, and technologies for improving electric grid 
and energy sector safety and resilience in the event of mul-
tiple simultaneous or co-located weather or climate events 
leading to extreme conditions, such as extreme wind, 
wildfires, and extreme heat. 
‘‘(d) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The entities eligible to 
receive grants under this section include— 
‘‘(1) an institution of higher education, includ-
ing a historically Black college or university and a 
minority-serving institution. 
‘‘(2) a nonprofit organization; 
‘‘(3) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(4) a unit of State, local, or tribal government; 
‘‘(5) an electric utility or electric cooperative; 
‘‘(6) a retail service provider of electricity;
617 
‘‘(7) a private commercial entity; 
‘‘(8) a partnership or consortium of 2 or more 
entities described in subparagraphs (1) through (7); 
and 
‘‘(9) any other entities the Secretary deems ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(e) RELEVANT ACTIVITIES.—Grants awarded under 
subsection (b) shall include funding for research and de-
velopment activities related to the purpose described in 
subsection (b), such as— 
‘‘(1) development of technologies to use distrib-
uted energy resources, such as solar photovoltaics, 
energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and 
microgrids, to improve grid and critical end-user re-
silience; 
‘‘(2) analysis of non-technical barriers to great-
er integration and use of technologies on the dis-
tribution grid; 
‘‘(3) analysis of past large-area, long-duration 
electricity interruptions to identify common elements 
and best practices for electricity restoration, mitiga-
tion, and prevention of future disruptions; 
‘‘(4) development of advanced monitoring, ana-
lytics, operation, and controls of electric grid sys-
tems to improve electric grid resilience;
618 
‘‘(5) analysis of technologies, methods, and con-
cepts that can improve community resilience and 
survivability of frequent or long-duration power out-
ages; 
‘‘(6) development of methodologies to maintain 
cybersecurity during restoration of energy sector in-
frastructure and operation; 
‘‘(7) development of advanced power flow con-
trol systems and components to improve electric grid 
resilience; and 
‘‘(8) any other relevant activities determined by 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(f) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with relevant Federal agencies, shall provide 
technical assistance to eligible entities for the com-
mercial application of technologies to improve the re-
silience of the electric grid and commercial applica-
tion of technologies to help entities develop plans for 
preventing and recovering from various power out-
age scenarios at the local, regional, and State level. 
‘‘(2) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.—The 
commercial application technical assistance program 
established in paragraph (1) shall include assistance 
to eligible entities for—
619 
‘‘(A) the commercial application of tech-
nologies developed from the grant program es-
tablished in subsection (b), including coopera-
tive utilities and utilities owned by a political 
subdivision of a State, such as municipally- 
owned electric utilities; 
‘‘(B) the development of methods to 
strengthen or otherwise mitigate adverse im-
pacts on electric grid infrastructure against 
natural hazards; 
‘‘(C) the use of Department data and mod-
eling tools for various purposes; 
‘‘(D) a resource assessment and analysis of 
future demand and distribution requirements, 
including development of advanced grid archi-
tectures and risk analysis; 
‘‘(E) the development of tools and tech-
nologies to coordinate data across relevant enti-
ties to promote resilience and wildfire preven-
tion in the planning, design, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of transmission infra-
structure; 
‘‘(F) analysis to predict the likelihood of 
extreme weather events to inform the planning, 
design, construction, operation, and mainte-
620 
nance of transmission infrastructure in con-
sultation with the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration; and 
‘‘(G) the commercial application of rel-
evant technologies, such as distributed energy 
resources, microgrids, or other energy tech-
nologies, to establish backup power for users or 
facilities affected by emergency power shutoffs. 
‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The entities eligible 
to receive technical assistance for commercial appli-
cation of technologies under this section include— 
‘‘(A) representatives of all sectors of the 
electric power industry, including electric utili-
ties, trade organizations, and transmission and 
distribution system organizations, owners, and 
operators; 
‘‘(B) State and local governments and reg-
ulatory authorities, including public utility com-
missions; 
‘‘(C) tribal and Alaska Native govern-
mental entities; 
‘‘(D) partnerships among entities under 
subparagraphs (A) through (C); 
‘‘(E) regional partnerships; and
621 
‘‘(F) any other entities the Secretary 
deems appropriate. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this section shall 
authorize the Secretary to require any entity to 
adopt any model, tool, technology, plan, analysis, or 
assessment. 
‘‘SEC. 1314. BEST PRACTICES AND GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS 
FOR ENERGY SECTOR CYBERSECURITY RE-
SEARCH. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with appropriate Federal agencies, the Electricity Sub-
sector Coordinating Council, standards development orga-
nizations, State, tribal, local, and territorial governments, 
the private sector, public utility commissions, and other 
relevant stakeholders, shall coordinate the development of 
guidance documents for research, development, and dem-
onstration activities to improve the cybersecurity capabili-
ties of the energy sector through participating agencies. 
As part of these activities, the Secretary, in consultation 
with relevant Federal agencies, shall— 
‘‘(1) facilitate stakeholder involvement to up-
date— 
‘‘(A) the Roadmap to Achieve Energy De-
livery Systems Cybersecurity;
622 
‘‘(B) the Cybersecurity Procurement Lan-
guage for Energy Delivery Systems, including 
developing guidance for— 
‘‘(i) contracting with third parties to 
conduct vulnerability testing for informa-
tion systems used across the energy pro-
duction, delivery, storage, and end use sys-
tems; 
‘‘(ii) contracting with third parties 
that utilize transient devices to access in-
formation systems; and 
‘‘(iii) managing supply chain risks; 
and 
‘‘(C) the Electricity Subsector Cybersecu-
rity Capability Maturity Model, including the 
development of metrics to measure changes in 
cybersecurity readiness; and 
‘‘(2) develop voluntary guidance to improve dig-
ital forensic analysis capabilities, including— 
‘‘(A) developing standardized terminology 
and monitoring processes; and 
‘‘(B) utilizing human factors research to 
develop more effective procedures for logging 
incident events; and
623 
‘‘(3) develop a mechanism to anonymize, aggre-
gate, and share the testing results from cybersecu-
rity test beds to facilitate technology improvements 
by public and private sector researchers. 
‘‘(b) BEST PRACTICES.—The Secretary, in collabora-
tion with the Director of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology, the Director of the Cybersecurity 
and Infrastructure Security Agency, and other appropriate 
Federal agencies, shall convene relevant stakeholders and 
facilitate the development of— 
‘‘(1) consensus-based best practices to improve 
cybersecurity for— 
‘‘(A) emerging energy technologies; 
‘‘(B) distributed generation and storage 
technologies, and other distributed energy re-
sources; 
‘‘(C) electric vehicles and electric vehicle 
charging stations; and 
‘‘(D) other technologies and devices that 
connect to the electric grid; 
‘‘(2) recommended cybersecurity designs and 
technical requirements that can be used by the pri-
vate sector to design and build interoperable cyber-
security features into technologies that connect to
624 
the electric grid, including networked devices and 
components on distribution systems; and 
‘‘(3) technical analysis that can be used by the 
private sector in developing best practices for test 
beds and test bed methodologies that will enable re-
producible testing of cybersecurity protections for in-
formation systems, electronic devices, and other rel-
evant components, software, and hardware across 
test beds. 
‘‘(c) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—None of the activi-
ties authorized in this section shall be construed to author-
ize regulatory actions. Additionally, the voluntary stand-
ards developed under this section shall not duplicate or 
conflict with mandatory reliability standards. 
‘‘SEC. 1315. VULNERABILITY TESTING AND TECHNICAL AS-
SISTANCE TO IMPROVE CYBERSECURITY. 
‘‘The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with appropriate Federal agen-
cies and energy sector asset owners and operators, 
leveraging the research facilities and expertise of the 
National Laboratories, to assist entities in devel-
oping testing capabilities by— 
‘‘(A) utilizing a range of methods to iden-
tify vulnerabilities in physical and cyber sys-
tems;
625 
‘‘(B) developing cybersecurity risk assess-
ment tools and providing analyses and rec-
ommendations to participating stakeholders; 
and 
‘‘(C) working with appropriate Federal 
agencies and stakeholders to develop methods to 
share anonymized and aggregated test results 
to assist relevant stakeholders in the energy 
sector, researchers, and the private sector to 
advance cybersecurity efforts, technologies, and 
tools; 
‘‘(2) in coordination with appropriate Federal 
agencies, collaborate with relevant stakeholders, in-
cluding public utility commissions, to— 
‘‘(A) identify information, research, staff 
training, and analytical tools needed to evaluate 
cybersecurity issues and challenges in the en-
ergy sector; and 
‘‘(B) facilitate the sharing of information 
and the development of tools identified under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(3) coordinate with tribal governments to iden-
tify information, research, and analysis tools needed 
by tribal governments to increase the cybersecurity 
of energy assets within their jurisdiction.
626 
‘‘SEC. 1316. EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE TRAINING RE-
SEARCH AND STANDARDS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support the 
development of an energy sector cybersecurity workforce 
through a program that— 
‘‘(1) facilitates collaboration between under-
graduate and graduate students, researchers at the 
National Laboratories, and the civilian energy sec-
tor; 
‘‘(2) prioritizes science and technology in areas 
relevant to the mission of the Department of Energy 
through the design and application of cybersecurity 
technologies for the energy sector; 
‘‘(3) develops, or facilitates private sector devel-
opment of, voluntary cybersecurity training and re-
training standards, lessons, and recommendations 
for the energy sector that minimize duplication of 
cybersecurity compliance training programs; and 
‘‘(4) maintains a public database of energy sec-
tor cybersecurity education, training, and certifi-
cation programs. 
‘‘(b) GRID RESILIENCE TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.— 
The Secretary shall support the development of the grid 
workforce through a training program that prioritizes ac-
tivities that enhance the resilience of the electric grid and 
energy sector infrastructure, including training on the use
627 
of tools, technologies, and methods developed under the 
grant program established in section 1313(b). 
‘‘(c) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the program 
authorized in subsection (a) and (b), the Secretary shall 
coordinate with appropriate Federal agencies and leverage 
programs and activities carried out across the Department 
of Energy, other relevant Federal agencies, institutions of 
higher education, and other appropriate entities best suit-
ed to provide national leadership on cybersecurity and grid 
resilience-related issues. 
‘‘SEC. 1317. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION AND STRATEGIC 
PLAN FOR ENERGY SECTOR CYBERSECURITY 
RESEARCH. 
‘‘(a) DUTIES.—The Secretary, in coordination with 
appropriate Federal agencies and the Energy Sector Gov-
ernment Coordinating Council, shall— 
‘‘(1) review the most recent versions of the 
Roadmap to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems Cy-
bersecurity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for 
Energy Sector Cybersecurity to identify crosscutting 
energy sector cybersecurity research needs and op-
portunities for collaboration among Federal agencies 
and other relevant stakeholders;
628 
‘‘(2) identify interdisciplinary research, tech-
nology, and tools that can be applied to cybersecu-
rity challenges in the energy sector; 
‘‘(3) identify technology transfer opportunities 
to accelerate the development and commercial appli-
cation of novel cybersecurity technologies, systems, 
and processes in the energy sector; and 
‘‘(4) develop a coordinated Interagency Stra-
tegic Plan for research to advance cybersecurity ca-
pabilities used in the energy sector that builds on 
the Roadmap to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems in 
Cybersecurity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for 
Energy Sector Cybersecurity. 
‘‘(b) INTERAGENCY STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) SUBMITTAL.—The Interagency Strategic 
Plan developed under subsection (a)(4) shall be sub-
mitted to Congress and made public within 12 
months after the date of enactment of this section. 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The Interagency Strategic 
Plan shall include— 
‘‘(A) an analysis of how existing cybersecu-
rity research efforts across the Federal Govern-
ment are advancing the goals of the Roadmap 
to Achieve Energy Delivery Systems Cybersecu-
629 
rity and the Multi-Year Program Plan for En-
ergy Sector Cybersecurity; 
‘‘(B) recommendations for research areas 
that may advance the cybersecurity of the en-
ergy sector; 
‘‘(C) an overview of existing and proposed 
public and private sector research efforts that 
address the topics outlined in paragraph (3); 
and 
‘‘(D) an overview of needed support for 
workforce training in cybersecurity for the en-
ergy sector. 
‘‘(3) 
CONSIDERATIONS.—In 
developing 
the 
Interagency Strategic Plan, the Secretary, in coordi-
nation with appropriate Federal agencies and the 
Energy Sector Government Coordinating Council, 
shall consider— 
‘‘(A) opportunities for human factors re-
search to improve the design and effectiveness 
of cybersecurity devices, technologies, tools, 
processes, and training programs; 
‘‘(B) contributions of other disciplines to 
the development of innovative cybersecurity pro-
cedures, devices, components, technologies, and 
tools;
630 
‘‘(C) opportunities for technology transfer 
programs to facilitate private sector develop-
ment of cybersecurity procedures, devices, com-
ponents, technologies, and tools for the energy 
sector; and 
‘‘(D) broader applications of the work done 
by relevant Federal agencies to advance the cy-
bersecurity of information systems and data 
analytics systems for the energy sector. 
‘‘(c) PARTICIPATION.—For the purposes of carrying 
out this section, the Energy Sector Government Coordi-
nating Council shall include representatives from Federal 
agencies with expertise in the energy sector, information 
systems, data analytics, cyber and physical systems, engi-
neering, human factors research, human-machine inter-
faces, high performance computing, big data and data 
analytics, or other disciplines considered appropriate by 
the Council Chair. 
‘‘SEC. 1318. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 
‘‘(a) STUDY.—The Secretary, in collaboration with 
appropriate Federal agencies and energy sector stake-
holders, in order to provide recommendations for addi-
tional research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application activities, shall—
631 
‘‘(1) analyze physical and cyber attacks on in-
frastructure related to energy functions in the en-
ergy sector and identify cost-effective opportunities 
to improve physical and cyber security for such in-
frastructure; and 
‘‘(2) examine the risks associated with increas-
ing penetration of digital technologies in grid net-
works, particularly on the distribution grid. 
‘‘(b) CONTENT.—The study shall— 
‘‘(1) analyze processes, operational procedures, 
and other factors common among cyber attacks; 
‘‘(2) identify areas where human behavior plays 
a critical role in maintaining or compromising the 
security of a system; 
‘‘(3) recommend— 
‘‘(A) changes to the design of devices, 
human-machine interfaces, technologies, tools, 
processes, or procedures to optimize security 
that do not require a change in human behav-
ior; and 
‘‘(B) training techniques to increase the 
capacity of employees to actively identify, pre-
vent, or neutralize the impact of cyber attacks; 
‘‘(4) evaluate existing engineering and technical 
design criteria and guidelines that incorporate
632 
human factors research findings, and recommend 
criteria and guidelines for cybersecurity tools that 
can be used to develop display systems for cyberse-
curity monitoring, such as alarms, user-friendly dis-
plays, and layouts; 
‘‘(5) evaluate the cybersecurity risks and bene-
fits of various design and architecture options for 
energy sector systems, networked grid systems and 
components, and automation systems, including con-
sideration of— 
‘‘(A) designs that include both digital and 
analog control devices and technologies; 
‘‘(B) different communication technologies 
used to transfer information and data between 
control system devices, technologies, and system 
operators; 
‘‘(C) automated and human-in-the-loop de-
vices and technologies; 
‘‘(D) programmable versus nonprogram-
mable devices and technologies; 
‘‘(E) increased redundancy using dissimilar 
cybersecurity technologies; and 
‘‘(F) grid architectures that use autono-
mous functions to limit control vulnerabilities; 
and
633 
‘‘(6) recommend methods or metrics to docu-
ment changes in risks associated with system de-
signs and architectures. 
‘‘(c) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the study, the 
Secretary shall consult with energy sector stakeholders, 
academic researchers, the private sector, and other rel-
evant stakeholders. 
‘‘(d) REPORT.—Not later than 24 months after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall sub-
mit the study to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate. 
‘‘SEC. 1319. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘For purposes of sections 1312 through 1318: 
‘‘(1) BIG DATA.—The term ‘big data’ means 
datasets that require advanced analytical methods 
for their transformation into useful information. 
‘‘(2) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNI-
VERSITY.—The term ‘historically Black college or 
university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B 
institution’ in section 322(2) of the HIgher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (29 U.S.C. 106(2)). 
‘‘(3) HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH.—The term 
‘human factors research’ means research on human 
performance in social and physical environments,
634 
and on the integration and interaction of humans 
with physical systems and computer hardware and 
software. 
‘‘(4) HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES.—The term 
‘human-machine interfaces’ means technologies that 
present information to an operator or user about the 
state of a process or system, or accept human in-
structions to implement an action, including visual-
ization displays such as a graphical user interface. 
‘‘(5) MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘minority-serving institution’ means an eligible 
institution under section 371(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
‘‘(6) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘na-
tional laboratory’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801). 
‘‘(7) SECURITY
VULNERABILITY.—The term 
‘security vulnerability’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 102 of the Cybersecurity Information 
Sharing Act of 2015 (6 U.S.C. 1501). 
‘‘(8) TRANSIENT
DEVICES.—The term ‘tran-
sient devices’ means removable media, including 
floppy disks, compact disks, USB flash drives, exter-
635 
nal hard drives, mobile devices, and other devices 
that utilize wireless connections.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the amend-
ments made by subsection (a)— 
(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(2) $157,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(3) $165,375,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(4) $173,645,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(5) $182,325,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
SEC. 5342. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND 
CONSTRUCTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
carry out a program of research, development, and dem-
onstration of technologies and tools to help ensure the re-
silience and security of critical infrastructure. 
(b) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall leverage expertise 
and resources of and coordinate with— 
(1) relevant programs and activities across the 
Department of Energy; and 
(2) other relevant Federal agencies. 
(c) ENERGY SECTOR CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 
TEST FACILITY.—In carrying out the program under sub-
section (a), the Secretary, in consultation with other ap-
636 
propriate Federal agencies, shall establish and operate an 
Energy Sector Critical Infrastructure Test Facility (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Test Facility’’) that allows 
for scalable physical and cyber performance testing to be 
conducted on industry-scale energy sector critical infra-
structure systems. This facility shall include a focus on— 
(1) cybersecurity test beds; and 
(2) electric grid test beds. 
(d) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall select the Test 
Facility under this section on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. The Secretary shall consider applications 
from National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, multi-institutional collaborations, and other appro-
priate entities. 
(e) DURATION.—The Test Facility established under 
this section shall receive support for a period of not more 
than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
(f) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any period of 
support of the Test Facility, the Secretary may renew sup-
port for the Test Facility, on a merit-reviewed basis, for 
a period of not more than 5 years. 
(g) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing au-
thorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate 
the Test Facility for cause during the performance period.
637 
(h) CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEFINED.—The 
term ‘‘critical infrastructure’’ means infrastructure that 
the Secretary determines to be vital to socioeconomic ac-
tivities such that, if destroyed or damaged, such destruc-
tion or damage could cause substantial disruption to such 
socioeconomic activities. 
(i) CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND MICROGRID RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall establish a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to im-
prove the energy resilience of critical infrastructure, in-
cluding through the use of microgrids, during extreme 
weather events including extreme heat and wildfires. This 
program shall focus on developing technologies that— 
(1) improve the energy resilience and meet the 
power needs of critical infrastructure, including 
through the use of microgrids, renewable energy, en-
ergy efficiency, and on-site storage; 
(2) improve the energy efficiency of critical in-
frastructure; 
(3) decrease the size and cost of on-site backup 
generators for critical infrastructure; 
(4) provide on-site back-up power with renew-
able and low-carbon liquid fuels; and 
(5) ensure the safe power up and power down 
of critical infrastructure when necessary, as well as
638 
the transfer to backup sources of power for uninter-
rupted electricity supply, including the use of 
microgrids. 
SEC. 5343. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. 
Section 1(b) of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 is amended in the table of contents by 
adding after the matter relating to section 1311 (as added 
by this Act) the following: 
‘‘Sec. 1312. Energy sector security research, development, and demonstration 
program. 
‘‘Sec. 1313. Grid resilience and emergency response. 
‘‘Sec. 1314. Best practices and guidance documents for energy sector cyberse-
curity research. 
‘‘Sec. 1315. Vulnerability testing and technical assistance to improve cybersecu-
rity. 
‘‘Sec. 1316. Education and workforce training research and standards. 
‘‘Sec. 1317. Interagency coordination and strategic plan for energy sector cy-
bersecurity research. 
‘‘Sec. 1318. Report to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 1319. Definitions.’’. 
Subtitle D—Tribal Energy 
SEC. 5401. INDIAN ENERGY. 
(a) DEFINITION OF INDIAN LAND.—Section 2601(2) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3501(2)) 
is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘land.’’ 
and inserting ‘‘land;’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following subpara-
graphs: 
‘‘(D) any land located in a census tract in 
which the majority of residents are Natives (as
639 
defined in section 3(b) of the Alaska Native 
Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b))); 
and 
‘‘(E) any land located in a census tract in 
which the majority of residents are persons who 
are enrolled members of a federally recognized 
Tribe or village.’’. 
(b) 
REDUCTION
OF
COST
SHARE.—Section 
2602(b)(5) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 
3502(b)(5)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
subparagraphs: 
‘‘(D) The Secretary of Energy may reduce any 
applicable cost share required of an Indian tribe, 
intertribal organization, or tribal energy development 
organization in order to receive a grant under this 
subsection to not less than 10 percent if the Indian 
tribe, intertribal organization, or tribal energy devel-
opment organization meets criteria developed by the 
Secretary of Energy, including financial need. 
‘‘(E) Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352) shall not apply to assist-
ance provided under this subsection.’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION.—Section 2602(b)(7) of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3502(b)(7)) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘$20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006
640 
through 2016’’ and inserting ‘‘$30,000,000 for each of fis-
cal years 2021 through 2025’’. 
SEC. 5402. REPORT ON ELECTRICITY ACCESS AND RELI-
ABILITY. 
(a) ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
conduct an assessment of the status of access to electricity 
by households residing in Tribal communities or on Indian 
land, and the reliability of electric service available to 
households residing in Tribal communities or on Indian 
land, as compared to the status of access to and reliability 
of electricity within neighboring States or within the State 
in which Indian land is located. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
consult with Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, the 
North American Electricity Reliability Corporation, and 
the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in the devel-
opment and conduct of the assessment under subsection 
(a). Indian Tribes and Tribal organizations shall have the 
opportunity to review and make recommendations regard-
ing the development of the assessment and the findings 
of the assessment, prior to the submission of the report 
under subsection (c). 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy 
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce
641 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on 
the results of the assessment conducted under subsection 
(a), which shall include— 
(1) a description of generation, transmission, 
and distribution assets available to provide electricity 
to households residing in Tribal communities or on 
Indian land; 
(2) a survey of the retail and wholesale prices 
of electricity available to households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land; 
(3) a description of participation of Tribal 
members in the electric utility workforce, including 
the workforce for construction and maintenance of 
renewable energy resources and distributed energy 
resources; 
(4) the percentage of households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land that do not 
have access to electricity; 
(5) the potential of distributed energy resources 
to provide electricity to households residing in Tribal 
communities or on Indian land; 
(6) the potential for tribally-owned electric utili-
ties or electric utility assets to participate in or ben-
efit from regional electricity markets;
642 
(7) a description of the barriers to providing ac-
cess to electric service to households residing in 
Tribal communities or on Indian land; and 
(8) recommendations to improve access to and 
reliability of electric service for households residing 
in Tribal communities or on Indian land. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) TRIBAL MEMBER.—The term ‘‘Tribal mem-
ber’’ means a person who is an enrolled member of 
a federally recognized Tribe or village. 
(2) TRIBAL
COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
community’’ means a community in a United States 
census tract in which the majority of residents are 
persons who are enrolled members of a federally rec-
ognized Tribe or village. 
Subtitle E—Utility Resilience and 
Reliability 
SEC. 5501. RELIABILITY OF BULK-POWER SYSTEM IN 
CHANGING CONDITIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this paragraph, the Electric Reli-
ability Organization shall file with the Federal Energy 
Regulatory Commission a proposed reliability standard, 
under section 215(d) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C.
643 
824o(d)), that addresses the reliability of the bulk-power 
system and suggestions for how to— 
(1) prepare for and adapt to changing condi-
tions; and 
(2) withstand and rapidly recover from disrup-
tions, including disruptions caused by extreme 
weather conditions. 
(b) REGIONAL DIFFERENCES.—The proposed reli-
ability standard filed under subsection (a) shall take into 
account regional differences. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘‘bulk- 
power system’’, ‘‘Electric Reliability Organization’’, and 
‘‘reliability standard’’ have the meanings given those 
terms in section 215 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
824o). 
SEC. 5502. ELECTRIC GRID RESILIENCE EDUCATION PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy 
shall establish a program to provide information and rec-
ommendations to States and electric utilities on how to 
improve the resilience of electric grids in regards to cli-
mate change and extreme weather events. 
(b) ELECTRIC UTILITY DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘electric utility’’ has the meaning given such
644 
term in section 3 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 
796). 
SEC. 5503. REPORT ON PLANNED ELECTRIC POWER OUT-
AGES DUE TO EXTREME WEATHER CONDI-
TIONS. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this section, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to 
Congress a report, and publish such report on the website 
of the Department of Energy, that provides recommenda-
tions on how to minimize the need for, effects of, and du-
ration of, planned electric power outages that are due to 
extreme weather conditions, including such conditions 
under which the National Weather Service issues a red 
flag warning. 
TITLE VI—TRANSPORTATION 
Subtitle A—Diesel Emissions 
Reduction 
SEC. 6101. REAUTHORIZATION OF DIESEL EMISSIONS RE-
DUCTION PROGRAM. 
Section 797(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16137(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘$100,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2012 through 2016’’ and inserting 
‘‘$500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
2025’’.
645 
Subtitle B—Clean School Bus 
Program 
SEC. 6201. REAUTHORIZATION OF CLEAN SCHOOL BUS PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.— 
(1) ALTERNATIVE FUEL.—Section 741(a)(2) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(a)) 
is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘or’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) electricity.’’. 
(2) CLEAN
SCHOOL
BUS.—Paragraph (3) of 
section 741(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(a)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(3) CLEAN
SCHOOL
BUS.—The term ‘clean 
school bus’ means— 
‘‘(A) a school bus (as the term ‘schoolbus’ 
is defined in section 30125(a) of title 49, 
United States Code) that— 
‘‘(i) is operated solely on an alter-
native fuel; and
646 
‘‘(ii) meets or exceeds Federal vehicle 
emission standards for medium-duty pas-
senger vehicles applicable to the model 
year in which the school bus is manufac-
tured; or 
‘‘(B) a zero-emission school bus.’’. 
(3) OTHER
DEFINITIONS.—Section 741(a) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091(a)), as amended, is further amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), 
and (6) as paragraphs (5), (9), and (10), re-
spectively; 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the 
following: 
‘‘(4) COMMUNITY OF COLOR.—The term ‘com-
munity of color’ means any geographically distinct 
area the population of color of which is higher than 
the average population of color of the State in which 
the community is located.’’; 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (5), as re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(6) INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY.—The term ‘in-
digenous community’ means— 
‘‘(A) a federally recognized Indian Tribe; 
‘‘(B) a State-recognized Indian Tribe;
647 
‘‘(C) an Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian 
community or organization; and 
‘‘(D) any other community of indigenous 
people, including communities in other coun-
tries. 
‘‘(7) LOW
INCOME.—The term ‘low income’ 
means an annual household income equal to, or less 
than, the greater of— 
‘‘(A) an amount equal to 80 percent of the 
median income of the area in which the house-
hold is located, as reported by the Department 
of Housing and Urban Development; and 
‘‘(B) 200 percent of the Federal poverty 
line. 
‘‘(8) LOW-INCOME
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘low-income community’ means any census block 
group in which 30 percent or more of the population 
are individuals with low income.’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(11) ZERO-EMISSION SCHOOL BUS.—The term 
‘zero-emission school bus’ means a school bus (as 
the term ‘schoolbus’ is defined in section 30125(a) 
of title 49, United States Code) with a drivetrain 
that produces, under any possible operational mode 
or condition, zero exhaust emission of—
648 
‘‘(A) any air pollutant that is listed pursu-
ant to section 108(a) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7407(a)) (or any precursor to such an 
air pollutant); or 
‘‘(B) any greenhouse gas.’’. 
(b) PROGRAM FOR RETROFIT OR REPLACEMENT OF 
CERTAIN
EXISTING
SCHOOL
BUSES
WITH
CLEAN 
SCHOOL BUSES.— 
(1) NATIONAL GRANT, REBATE, AND LOAN PRO-
GRAMS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 741(b)(1)(A) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091(b)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after 
‘‘awarding grants’’ the following: ‘‘, rebates, 
and low-cost revolving loans, as determined by 
the Administrator, including through contracts 
pursuant to subsection (d),’’. 
(B) CONFORMING CHANGES.—Section 741 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16091) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(4)(B), by striking 
‘‘grant 
funds’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘award 
funds’’;
649 
(ii) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by strik-
ing ‘‘awarding grants’’ each place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘making awards’’; 
(iii) in the heading of subsection 
(b)(2), by striking ‘‘GRANT APPLICATIONS’’ 
and inserting ‘‘AWARD APPLICATIONS’’; 
(iv) in subsection (b)(2)(A), by strik-
ing ‘‘grant applications’’ and inserting 
‘‘award applications’’; 
(v) in subsection (b)(3)(A), by strik-
ing ‘‘grant’’ and insert ‘‘award’’; 
(vi) and (b)(4)— 
(I) in the paragraph heading, by 
striking 
‘‘GRANTS’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘AWARDS’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘award grants’’ 
and inserting ‘‘make awards’’; 
(vii) in subsection (b)(7)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘grant awards’’ 
and inserting ‘‘awards’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘grant funding’’ 
and inserting ‘‘funding’’; 
(viii) in subsection (b)(8)(A)(ii)— 
(I) in subclauses (I) and (II), by 
striking ‘‘grant applications’’ each
650 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘award 
applications’’; and 
(II) in subclause (III)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘grants 
awarded’’ and inserting ‘‘awards 
made’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘grant re-
cipients’’ and inserting ‘‘award 
recipients’’; and 
(ix) in subsection (c)(3)— 
(I) in subparagraph (A)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘grant re-
cipients’’ and inserting ‘‘award 
recipients’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘grants’’ 
and inserting ‘‘awards’’; and 
(II) in subparagraph (C), by 
striking ‘‘grant program’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘award program’’. 
(2) PRIORITY OF AWARD APPLICATIONS.—Sec-
tion 741(b)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)(2)) is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘1977’’ and inserting 
‘‘2007’’; and
651 
(ii) by inserting before the period at 
the end ‘‘with clean school buses’’; and 
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(B) RETROFITTING.—In the case of 
award applications to retrofit school buses, the 
Administrator shall give highest priority to ap-
plicants that propose to retrofit school buses 
manufactured before model year 2010 to be-
come clean school buses.’’. 
(3) USE
OF
SCHOOL
BUS
FLEET.—Section 
741(b)(3)(B) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)(3)(B)) is amended by inserting 
‘‘charged,’’ after ‘‘operated,’’. 
(4) REPLACEMENT AWARDS.—Paragraph (5) of 
section 741(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(5) REPLACEMENT AWARDS.—In the case of 
awards to replace school buses— 
‘‘(A) the Administrator may make awards 
for up to— 
‘‘(i) 100 percent of the replacement 
costs for clean school buses that are zero- 
emission school buses; and
652 
‘‘(ii) 60 percent of the replacement 
costs for other eligible clean school buses; 
and 
‘‘(B) such replacement costs may include 
the costs of acquiring the clean school buses 
and charging and fueling infrastructure.’’. 
(5) ULTRA LOW-SULFUR DIESEL FUEL.—Sec-
tion 741(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16091(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking paragraph (6); and 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (6). 
(6) SCRAPPAGE.—Section 741(b) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(b)) is further 
amended by inserting after paragraph (6), as redes-
ignated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) SCRAPPAGE.—In the case of an award 
under this section for the replacement of a school 
bus or a retrofit including installation of a new en-
gine, the Administrator shall require the recipient of 
the award to verify that the replaced bus, or the en-
gine of a retrofitted bus that was removed, was re-
turned to the supplier for remanufacturing to a 
more stringent set of engine emissions standards or 
for scrappage.’’.
653 
(c) EDUCATION.—Paragraph (1) of section 741(c) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091(c)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of the Clean Economy 
Jobs and Innovation Act, the Administrator shall de-
velop an education outreach program to promote and 
explain the award program under subsection (b).’’. 
(d) 
CONTRACT
PROGRAMS; 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
COSTS.—Section 741 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16091) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (f); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol-
lowing new subsections: 
‘‘(d) CONTRACT PROGRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY.—In addition to the use of 
contracting authority otherwise available to the Ad-
ministrator, the Administrator may enter into con-
tracts with eligible contractors described in para-
graph (2) for awarding rebates and low-cost revolv-
ing loans pursuant to subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE CONTRACTORS.—A contractor is 
an eligible contractor described in this paragraph if
654 
the contractor is a for-profit, not-for-profit, or non-
profit entity that has the capacity— 
‘‘(A) to sell clean school buses or equip-
ment to, or to arrange financing for, individuals 
or entities that own a school bus or fleet of 
school buses; or 
‘‘(B) to upgrade school buses or their 
equipment with verified or Environmental Pro-
tection Agency-certified engines or technologies, 
or to arrange financing for such upgrades. 
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—The Administrator 
may not use, for the administrative costs of carrying out 
this section, more than one percent of the amounts made 
available to carry out this section for any fiscal year.’’. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Sub-
section (f), as redesignated, of section 741 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16091) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to 
carry out this section, to remain available until expended, 
$130,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, 
of which— 
‘‘(1) not less than $100,000,000 for each such 
fiscal year shall be used for awards under this sec-
655 
tion to eligible recipients proposing to replace school 
buses with zero-emission school buses; and 
‘‘(2) not less than $52,000,000 for each such 
fiscal year shall be used for awards under this sec-
tion to eligible recipients proposing to replace or ret-
rofit school buses to serve a community of color, in-
digenous community, low-income community, or any 
community located in an air quality area designated 
pursuant to section 107 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7407) as nonattainment.’’. 
(f) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT
TO STRIKE REDUN-
DANT AUTHORIZATION.—The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, 
Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users 
(commonly referred to as ‘‘SAFETEA–LU’’) is amended 
by striking section 6015 (42 U.S.C. 16091a). 
Subtitle C—Clean Cities Coalition 
Program 
SEC. 6301. CLEAN CITIES COALITION PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program to be known as the Clean Cities Coalition Pro-
gram. 
(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
(1) establish criteria for designating local and 
regional Clean Cities Coalitions;
656 
(2) designate local and regional Clean Cities 
Coalitions that the Secretary determines meet the 
criteria established under paragraph (1); 
(3) make awards to each designated Clean Cit-
ies Coalition for administrative and program ex-
penses of the coalition; 
(4) make competitive awards to designated 
Clean Cities Coalitions for projects and activities de-
scribed in subsection (c); 
(5) provide technical assistance and training to 
designated Clean Cities Coalitions; 
(6) provide opportunities for communication 
and sharing of best practices among designated 
Clean Cities Coalitions; and 
(7) maintain, and make available to the public, 
a centralized database of information included in the 
reports submitted under subsection (d). 
(c) PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES.—Projects and activi-
ties eligible for awards under subsection (b)(4) are 
projects and activities that reduce petroleum consumption, 
improve air quality, promote energy and economic secu-
rity, and encourage deployment of a diverse, domestic sup-
ply of alternative fuels in the transportation sector by—
657 
(1) encouraging the purchase and use of alter-
native fuel vehicles and alternative fuels, including 
by fleet managers; 
(2) expediting the establishment of local, re-
gional, and national infrastructure to fuel alternative 
fuel vehicles; 
(3) advancing the use of other petroleum fuel 
reduction technologies and strategies; 
(4) conducting outreach and education activities 
to advance the use of alternative fuels and alter-
native fuel vehicles; 
(5) providing training and technical assistance 
and tools to users that adopt petroleum fuel reduc-
tion technologies; or 
(6) collaborating with and training officials and 
first responders with responsibility for permitting 
and enforcing fire, building, and other safety codes 
related to the deployment and use of alternative 
fuels or alternative fuel vehicles. 
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Each designated Clean Cities 
Coalition shall submit an annual report to the Secretary 
on the activities and accomplishments of the coalition. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
658 
(1) ALTERNATIVE
FUEL.—The term ‘‘alter-
native fuel’’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 32901 of title 49, United States Code. 
(2) ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE.—The term 
‘‘alternative fuel vehicle’’ means any vehicle that is 
capable of operating, partially or exclusively, on an 
alternative fuel. 
(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(f) FUNDING.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this section— 
(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
(B) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
(C) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(D) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
(E) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
(2) ALLOCATIONS.—The Secretary shall allo-
cate funds made available to carry out this section 
in each fiscal year as follows: 
(A) Thirty percent of such funds shall be 
distributed as awards under subsection (b)(3).
659 
(B) Fifty percent of such funds shall be 
distributed as competitive awards under sub-
section (b)(4). 
(C) Twenty percent of such funds shall be 
used to carry out the duties of the Secretary 
under this section. 
Subtitle D—Renewable Fuel 
Standard Integrity 
SEC. 6401. ANNUAL DEADLINE FOR PETITIONS BY SMALL 
REFINERIES FOR EXEMPTIONS FROM RE-
NEWABLE FUEL REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) DEADLINE.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, petitions under section 211(o)(9) of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)) for an exemption from the 
requirements of section 211(o)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
7545(o)(2)) shall be submitted to the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency by June 1 of the year 
preceding the year when such requirements would other-
wise be in effect. 
(b) EFFECT OF FAILURE TO MEET DEADLINE.—If 
a petition described in subsection (a) is not submitted by 
the deadline specified in such subsection, the petition shall 
be ineligible for consideration or approval.
660 
SEC. 6402. INFORMATION IN PETITION SUBJECT TO PUBLIC 
DISCLOSURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The information described in sub-
section (b) in any submission to the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency by any person, including a small refinery, 
with respect to a petition under section 211(o)(9)(B) of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)(B))— 
(1) shall not be deemed to be a trade secret or 
confidential information; and 
(2) shall be subject to public disclosure under 
section 552 of title 5, United States Code. 
(b) DESCRIBED INFORMATION.—The information de-
scribed in this subsection is— 
(1) the name of the small refinery requesting 
an extension of an exemption; 
(2) the number of gallons of renewable fuel that 
will not be contained in fuel pursuant to section 
211(o)(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7545(o)(2)) as a result of the extension if the exten-
sion is granted; and 
(3) the compliance year for which the extension 
is requested. 
(c) APPLICABILITY.—Subsection (a) applies only with 
respect to information submitted with respect to a petition 
under section 211(o)(9)(B) of the Clean Air Act (42
661 
U.S.C. 7545(o)(9)(B)) for calendar year 2021 or a subse-
quent calendar year. 
Subtitle E—EV Infrastructure 
SEC. 6501. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT.— 
The term ‘‘electric vehicle supply equipment’’ means 
any conductors, including ungrounded, grounded, 
and equipment grounding conductors, electric vehicle 
connectors, attachment plugs, and all other fittings, 
devices, power outlets, or apparatuses installed spe-
cifically for the purpose of delivering energy to an 
electric vehicle. 
(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(3) UNDERSERVED OR DISADVANTAGED COM-
MUNITY.—The term ‘‘underserved or disadvantaged 
community’’ means— 
(A) a community located in a ZIP code 
that includes a census tract that is identified 
as— 
(i) a low-income community; or 
(ii) a community of color; 
(B) a community in which climate change, 
pollution, or environmental destruction have ex-
662 
acerbated systemic racial, regional, social, envi-
ronmental, and economic injustices by dis-
proportionately affecting indigenous peoples, 
communities of color, migrant communities, 
deindustrialized communities, depopulated rural 
communities, the poor, low-income workers, 
women, the elderly, the unhoused, people with 
disabilities, or youth; or 
(C) any other community that the Sec-
retary determines is disproportionately vulner-
able to, or bears a disproportionate burden of, 
any combination of economic, social, and envi-
ronmental stressors. 
SEC. 6502. ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT RE-
BATE PROGRAM. 
(a) REBATE PROGRAM.—Not later than January 1, 
2022, the Secretary shall establish a rebate program to 
provide rebates for covered expenses associated with pub-
licly accessible electric vehicle supply equipment (in this 
section referred to as the ‘‘rebate program’’). 
(b) REBATE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—A rebate under the 
rebate program may be made to an individual, a 
State, local, Tribal, or Territorial government, a pri-
663 
vate entity, a not-for-profit entity, a nonprofit entity, 
or a metropolitan planning organization. 
(2) ELIGIBLE EQUIPMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall publish and maintain 
on the Department of Energy internet website 
a list of electric vehicle supply equipment that 
is eligible for the rebate program. 
(B) UPDATES.—The Secretary may, by 
regulation, add to, or otherwise revise, the list 
of electric vehicle supply equipment under sub-
paragraph (A) if the Secretary determines that 
such addition or revision will likely lead to— 
(i) greater usage of electric vehicle 
supply equipment; 
(ii) greater access to electric vehicle 
supply equipment by users; or 
(iii) an improved experience for users 
of electric vehicle supply equipment, in-
cluding accessibility in compliance with the 
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 
(42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.). 
(C) LOCATION REQUIREMENT.—To be eli-
gible for the rebate program, the electric vehicle
664 
supply equipment described in subparagraph 
(A) shall be installed— 
(i) in the United States; 
(ii) on property— 
(I) owned by the eligible entity 
under paragraph (1); or 
(II) on which the eligible entity 
under paragraph (1) has authority to 
install electric vehicle supply equip-
ment; and 
(iii) at a location that is— 
(I) a multi-unit housing struc-
ture; 
(II) a workplace; 
(III) a commercial location; or 
(IV) open to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; 
(3) APPLICATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—An eligible entity under 
paragraph (1) may submit to the Secretary an 
application for a rebate under the rebate pro-
gram. Such application shall include— 
(i) the estimated cost of covered ex-
penses to be expended on the electric vehi-
665 
cle supply equipment that is eligible under 
paragraph (2); 
(ii) the estimated installation cost of 
the electric vehicle supply equipment that 
is eligible under paragraph (2); 
(iii) the global positioning system lo-
cation, including the integer number of de-
grees, minutes, and seconds, where such 
electric vehicle supply equipment is to be 
installed, and identification of whether 
such location is— 
(I) a multi-unit housing struc-
ture; 
(II) a workplace; 
(III) a commercial location; or 
(IV) open to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; 
(iv) the technical specifications of 
such electric vehicle supply equipment, in-
cluding the maximum power voltage and 
amperage of such equipment; 
(v) an identification of any existing 
electric vehicle supply equipment that— 
(I) is available to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; and
666 
(II) is not further than 50 miles 
from the global positioning system lo-
cation identified under clause (iii); 
and 
(vi) any other information determined 
by the Secretary to be necessary for a com-
plete application. 
(B) REVIEW
PROCESS.—The Secretary 
shall review an application for a rebate under 
the rebate program and approve an eligible en-
tity under paragraph (1) to receive such rebate 
if the application meets the requirements of the 
rebate program under this subsection. 
(C) NOTIFICATION TO ELIGIBLE ENTITY.— 
Not later than 1 year after the date on which 
the eligible entity under paragraph (1) applies 
for a rebate under the rebate program, the Sec-
retary shall notify the eligible entity whether 
the eligible entity will be awarded a rebate 
under the rebate program following the submis-
sion of additional materials required under 
paragraph (5). 
(4) REBATE AMOUNT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), the amount of a rebate made
667 
under the rebate program for each charging 
unit shall be the lesser of— 
(i) 75 percent of the applicable cov-
ered expenses; 
(ii) $2,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
non-networked level 2 charging equipment; 
(iii) $4,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
networked level 2 charging equipment; or 
(iv) $100,000 for covered expenses as-
sociated with the purchase and installation 
of networked direct current fast charging 
equipment. 
(B) REBATE AMOUNT FOR REPLACEMENT 
EQUIPMENT.—A rebate made under the rebate 
program for replacement of pre-existing electric 
vehicle supply equipment at a single location 
shall be the lesser of— 
(i) 75 percent of the applicable cov-
ered expenses; 
(ii) $1,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
non-networked level 2 charging equipment;
668 
(iii) $2,000 for covered expenses asso-
ciated with the purchase and installation of 
networked level 2 charging equipment; or 
(iv) $25,000 for covered expenses as-
sociated with the purchase and installation 
of networked direct current fast charging 
equipment. 
(5) DISBURSEMENT OF REBATE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
disburse a rebate under the rebate program to 
an eligible entity under paragraph (1), following 
approval of an application under paragraph (3), 
if such entity submits the materials required 
under subparagraph (B). 
(B) MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR DISBURSE-
MENT OF REBATE.—Not later than one year 
after the date on which the eligible entity under 
paragraph (1) receives notice under paragraph 
(3)(C) that the eligible entity has been ap-
proved for a rebate, such eligible entity shall 
submit to the Secretary the following— 
(i) a record of payment for covered 
expenses expended on the installation of 
the electric vehicle supply equipment that 
is eligible under paragraph (2);
669 
(ii) a record of payment for the elec-
tric vehicle supply equipment that is eligi-
ble under paragraph (2); 
(iii) the global positioning system lo-
cation of where such electric vehicle supply 
equipment was installed and identification 
of whether such location is— 
(I) a multi-unit housing struc-
ture; 
(II) a workplace; 
(III) a commercial location; or 
(IV) open to the public for a 
minimum of 12 hours per day; 
(iv) the technical specifications of the 
electric vehicle supply equipment that is el-
igible under paragraph (2), including the 
maximum power voltage and amperage of 
such equipment; and 
(v) any other information determined 
by the Secretary to be necessary. 
(C) AGREEMENT TO MAINTAIN.—To be eli-
gible for a rebate under the rebate program, an 
eligible entity under paragraph (1) shall enter 
into an agreement with the Secretary to main-
tain the electric vehicle supply equipment that
670 
is eligible under paragraph (2) in a satisfactory 
manner for not less than 5 years after the date 
on which the eligible entity under paragraph (1) 
receives the rebate under the rebate program. 
(D) EXCEPTION.—The Secretary shall not 
disburse a rebate under the rebate program if 
materials submitted under subparagraph (B) do 
not meet the same global positioning system lo-
cation and technical specifications for the elec-
tric vehicle supply equipment that is eligible 
under paragraph (2) provided in an application 
under paragraph (3). 
(6) MULTI-PORT CHARGERS.—An eligible entity 
under paragraph (1) shall be awarded a rebate 
under the rebate program for covered expenses relat-
ing to the purchase and installation of a multi-port 
charger based on the number of publicly accessible 
charging ports, with each subsequent port after the 
first port being eligible for 50 percent of the full re-
bate amount. 
(7) 
NETWORKED
DIRECT
CURRENT
FAST 
CHARGING.—Of amounts appropriated to carry out 
the rebate program, not more than 40 percent may 
be used for rebates of networked direct current fast 
charging equipment.
671 
(8) HYDROGEN FUEL CELL REFUELING INFRA-
STRUCTURE.—Hydrogen refueling equipment shall 
be eligible for a rebate under the rebate program as 
though it were networked direct current fast charg-
ing equipment. All requirements related to public ac-
cessibility of installed locations shall apply. 
(9) REPORT.—Not later than 3 years after the 
first date on which the Secretary awards a rebate 
under the rebate program, the Secretary shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a re-
port of the number of rebates awarded for electric 
vehicle supply equipment and hydrogen fuel cell re-
fueling equipment in each of the location categories 
described in paragraph (2)(C)(iii). 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COVERED EXPENSES.—The term ‘‘covered 
expenses’’ means an expense that is associated with 
the purchase and installation of electric vehicle sup-
ply equipment, including— 
(A) the cost of electric vehicle supply 
equipment; 
(B) labor costs associated with the installa-
tion of such electric vehicle supply equipment,
672 
only if wages for such labor are paid at rates 
not less than those prevailing on similar labor 
in the locality of installation, as determined by 
the Secretary of Labor under subchapter IV of 
chapter 31 of title 40, United States Code 
(commonly referred to as the ‘‘Davis-Bacon 
Act’’); 
(C) material costs associated with the in-
stallation of such electric vehicle supply equip-
ment, including expenses involving electrical 
equipment and necessary upgrades or modifica-
tions to the electrical grid and associated infra-
structure required for the installation of such 
electric vehicle supply equipment; 
(D) permit costs associated with the instal-
lation of such electric vehicle supply equipment; 
and 
(E) the cost of an on-site energy storage 
system. 
(2) ELECTRIC
VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘electric 
vehicle’’ means a vehicle that derives all or part of 
its power from electricity. 
(3) MULTI-PORT CHARGER.—The term ‘‘multi- 
port charger’’ means electric vehicle supply equip-
673 
ment capable of charging more than one electric ve-
hicle. 
(4) LEVEL
CHARGING
EQUIPMENT.—The 
term ‘‘level 2 charging equipment’’ means electric 
vehicle supply equipment that provides an alter-
nating current power source at a minimum of 208 
volts. 
(5) 
NETWORKED
DIRECT
CURRENT
FAST 
CHARGING EQUIPMENT.—The term ‘‘networked di-
rect current fast charging equipment’’ means electric 
vehicle supply equipment that provides a direct cur-
rent power source at a minimum of 50 kilowatts and 
is enabled to connect to a network to facilitate data 
collection and access. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
SEC. 6503. EXPANDING ACCESS TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN 
UNDERSERVED COMMUNITIES. 
(a) ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.— 
(A) ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary shall 
conduct an assessment of the state of, chal-
lenges to, and opportunities for the deployment 
of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in un-
674 
derserved or disadvantaged communities located 
in major urban areas and rural areas through-
out the United States. 
(B) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a report on the results of 
the assessment conducted under subparagraph 
(A), which shall— 
(i) describe the state of deployment of 
electric vehicle charging infrastructure in 
underserved or disadvantaged communities 
located in major urban areas and rural 
areas by providing— 
(I) the number of existing and 
planned Level 2 charging stations and 
DC FAST charging stations per cap-
ita in each State for charging individ-
ually owned light-duty and medium- 
duty electric vehicles; 
(II) the number of existing and 
planned Level 2 charging stations and 
DC FAST charging stations for
675 
charging public and private fleet elec-
tric vehicles and medium- and heavy- 
duty electric equipment and electric 
vehicles; 
(III) the number of Level 2 
charging stations and DC FAST 
charging stations installed in or avail-
able to occupants of publicly owned 
and privately owned multi-unit dwell-
ings; 
(IV) information pertaining to 
policies, plans, and programs that cit-
ies, States, utilities, and private enti-
ties are using to encourage greater de-
ployment and usage of electric vehi-
cles and the associated electric vehicle 
charging infrastructure, including pro-
grams to encourage deployment of 
charging stations available to resi-
dents in publicly owned and privately 
owned multi-unit dwellings; 
(V) information pertaining to 
ownership models for Level 2 charging 
stations and DC FAST charging sta-
tions located in publicly owned and
676 
privately owned residential multi-unit 
dwellings, commercial buildings, pub-
lic and private parking areas, and 
curb-side locations; and 
(VI) information pertaining to 
how charging stations are financed 
and the rates charged for the use of 
Level 2 charging stations and DC 
FAST charging stations; 
(ii) describe the methodology used to 
obtain the information provided in the re-
port; 
(iii) identify the barriers to expanding 
deployment of electric vehicle charging in-
frastructure in underserved or disadvan-
taged communities in major urban areas 
and rural areas, including any challenges 
relating to such deployment in multi-unit 
dwellings; 
(iv) compile and provide an analysis of 
the best practices and policies used by 
State and local governments and private 
entities to increase deployment of electric 
vehicle charging infrastructure in under-
served or disadvantaged communities in
677 
major urban areas and rural areas, includ-
ing best practices with respect to— 
(I) public outreach and engage-
ment; and 
(II) increasing deployment of 
electric vehicle charging infrastructure 
in publicly owned and privately owned 
multi-unit dwellings; 
(v) enumerate and identify the num-
ber of electric vehicle charging stations per 
capita at locations within each major 
urban area and rural area throughout the 
United States with detail at the level of 
ZIP Codes and census tracts; and 
(vi) identify the potential for, and ob-
stacles to, recruiting and entering into con-
tracts with locally-owned small and dis-
advantaged businesses, including women- 
and minority-owned businesses, to deploy 
electric vehicle charging infrastructure in 
underserved or disadvantaged communities 
in major urban areas and rural areas. 
(2) FIVE-YEAR
UPDATE
ASSESSMENT.—Not 
later than 5 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall—
678 
(A) update the assessment conducted 
under paragraph (1)(A); and 
(B) make public and submit to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate a re-
port, which shall— 
(i) update the information required by 
paragraph (1)(B); and 
(ii) include a description of case stud-
ies and key lessons learned after the date 
on which the report under paragraph 
(1)(B) was submitted with respect to ex-
panding the deployment of electric vehicle 
charging infrastructure in underserved or 
disadvantaged communities in major urban 
areas and rural areas. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
CHARGING
INFRA-
STRUCTURE.—The term ‘‘electric vehicle charging 
infrastructure’’ means electric vehicle supply equip-
ment and other physical assets that provide for the 
distribution of and access to electricity for the pur-
pose of charging an electric vehicle or a plug-in hy-
brid electric vehicle.
679 
(2) MAJOR
URBAN
AREA.—The term ‘‘major 
urban area’’ means a metropolitan statistical area 
within the United States with an estimated popu-
lation that is greater than or equal to 1,500,000. 
SEC. 6504. ENSURING PROGRAM BENEFITS FOR UNDER-
SERVED 
AND 
DISADVANTAGED 
COMMU-
NITIES. 
In carrying out this subtitle, and the amendments 
made by this subtitle, the Secretary shall provide, to the 
extent practicable access to electric vehicle charging infra-
structure, address transportation needs, and provide im-
proved air quality in underserved or disadvantaged com-
munities. 
SEC. 6505. MODEL BUILDING CODE FOR ELECTRIC VEHI-
CLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT. 
(a) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review proposed or 
final model building codes for— 
(1) integrating electric vehicle supply equipment 
into residential and commercial buildings that in-
clude space for individual vehicle or fleet vehicle 
parking; and 
(2) integrating onsite renewable power equip-
ment and electric storage equipment (including elec-
tric vehicle batteries to be used for electric storage) 
into residential and commercial buildings.
680 
(b) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary shall 
provide technical assistance to stakeholders representing 
the building construction industry, manufacturers of elec-
tric vehicles and electric vehicle supply equipment, State 
and local governments, and any other persons with rel-
evant expertise or interests to facilitate understanding of 
the model code and best practices for adoption by jurisdic-
tions. 
SEC. 6506. ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT CO-
ORDINATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, acting 
through the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Electricity 
Delivery and Energy Reliability (including the Smart Grid 
Task Force), shall convene a group to assess progress in 
the development of standards necessary to— 
(1) support the expanded deployment of electric 
vehicle supply equipment; 
(2) develop an electric vehicle charging network 
to provide reliable charging for electric vehicles na-
tionwide, taking into consideration range anxiety 
and the location of charging infrastructure to ensure 
an electric vehicle can travel throughout the United 
States without losing a charge; and
681 
(3) ensure the development of such network will 
not compromise the stability and reliability of the 
electric grid. 
(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
provide to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
House of Representatives and to the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report con-
taining the results of the assessment carried out under 
subsection (a) and recommendations to overcome any bar-
riers to standards development or adoption identified by 
the group convened under such subsection. 
SEC. 6507. STATE CONSIDERATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE 
CHARGING. 
(a) CONSIDERATION AND DETERMINATION RESPECT-
ING CERTAIN RATEMAKING STANDARDS.—Section 111(d) 
of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 
U.S.C. 2621(d)) is further amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(22) ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
CHARGING
PRO-
GRAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall con-
sider measures to promote greater electrifica-
tion of the transportation sector, including—
682 
‘‘(i) authorizing measures to stimulate 
investment in and deployment of electric 
vehicle supply equipment and to foster the 
market for electric vehicle charging; 
‘‘(ii) authorizing each electric utility 
of the State to recover from ratepayers any 
capital, operating expenditure, or other 
costs of the electric utility relating to load 
management, programs, or investments as-
sociated with the integration of electric ve-
hicle supply equipment into the grid; and 
‘‘(iii) allowing a person or agency that 
owns and operates an electric vehicle 
charging facility for the sole purpose of re-
charging an electric vehicle battery to be 
excluded from regulation as an electric 
utility pursuant to section 3(4) when mak-
ing electricity sales from the use of the 
electric vehicle charging facility, if such 
sales are the only sales of electricity made 
by the person or agency. 
‘‘(B) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this 
paragraph, the term ‘electric vehicle supply 
equipment’ 
means 
conductors, 
including 
ungrounded, grounded, and equipment ground-