IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 86 
Condemning the Burmese military for perpetrating gross violations of human 
rights as part of its brutal campaign to suppress the democratic aspira-
tions of the people of Burma, two years after the coup d’e´tat on February 
1, 2021. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 1, 2023 
Ms. ESHOO
(for herself, Ms. TENNEY, Mr. MEEKS, Mr. BERA, Mr. 
FITZPATRICK, Mr. COSTA, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. CONNOLLY, Ms. NOR-
TON, Ms. TITUS, Mr. SHERMAN, and Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE) submitted 
the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, the Judi-
ciary, and Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined 
by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
RESOLUTION 
Condemning the Burmese military for perpetrating gross vio-
lations of human rights as part of its brutal campaign 
to suppress the democratic aspirations of the people of 
Burma, two years after the coup d’e´tat on February 
1, 2021. 
Whereas after a decade of promising democratic reforms in 
Burma, the Burmese military (hereinafter referred to as 
the ‘‘Tatmadaw’’) launched a coup against the civilian 
government on February 1, 2021, preventing a democrat-
ically elected Parliament from being seated; 
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•HRES 86 IH 
Whereas the Tatmadaw seized control of the government, de-
clared a national state of emergency, and unlawfully de-
tained many democratically elected officials, including 
State Councilor Aung San Suu Kyi, President Win 
Myint, and dozens of Members of Parliament affiliated 
with the National League for Democracy (NLD); 
Whereas the House of Representatives adopted H. Res. 134 
on March 19, 2021, condemning the coup and calling for 
the restoration of civilian government and the release of 
detained officials; 
Whereas the people of Burma, insistent that their country 
continue along the path toward democracy, courageously 
organized a civil disobedience movement and took to the 
streets to demand that the Tatmadaw relinquish power; 
Whereas, on April 16, 2021, democratically elected members 
of Parliament, who had been denied the opportunity to 
serve by the Tatmadaw, formed a National Unity Gov-
ernment that asserts it is the legitimate Government of 
Burma; 
Whereas the Tatmadaw has used lethal force, including 
extrajudicial executions, to violently suppress the pro-
democracy movement, killing more than 2,500 civilians 
since the coup began in February 2021; 
Whereas the Tatmadaw has relied heavily on mass arrests to 
stifle dissent and has detained at least 13,600 protesters, 
activists, and journalists since February 2021; 
Whereas the Tatmadaw has used brutal and inhumane meth-
ods to intimidate, degrade, and torture detainees; 
Whereas Tatmadaw soldiers have perpetrated rape and other 
forms of sexual violence with impunity; 
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•HRES 86 IH 
Whereas the Tatmadaw has employed digital authoritarian 
tools and tactics to silence opposition, including internet 
shutdowns, online censorship, and high-tech surveillance; 
Whereas the Tatmadaw has eroded the independence of the 
Burmese judiciary and conducted sham trials to convict 
political prisoners including State Councilor Aung San 
Suu Kyi and President Win Myint; 
Whereas, on July 23, 2022, the Tatmadaw executed four 
prominent prodemocracy activists, prompting widespread 
international condemnation; 
Whereas the Tatmadaw continues to perpetrate a horrific 
genocide against the Rohingya population in Burma’s 
Rakhine State, and has also committed atrocities against 
other ethnic minority communities in the Kachin, Karen, 
Mon, Rakhine, Shan, and Chin States; 
Whereas the House of Representatives adopted H. Res. 1091 
on December 13, 2018, expressing the sense of the 
House of Representatives that the atrocities committed 
against the Rohingya by the Tatmadaw constitute geno-
cide; 
Whereas, on March 21, 2022, Secretary of State Antony 
Blinken announced the Department of State’s determina-
tion that the Tatmadaw committed genocide and crimes 
against humanity against the Rohingya population of 
Burma; 
Whereas the turmoil caused by the coup and the Tatmadaw’s 
violence and mismanagement of the economy have re-
sulted in a severe economic crisis that, according to the 
World Bank, has caused poverty in Burma to double 
since March 2020; 
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•HRES 86 IH 
Whereas the deteriorating security situation in Burma fol-
lowing the coup has resulted in the internal displacement 
of nearly 1.3 million people and prompted thousands 
more to flee the country as refugees; 
Whereas the Biden administration has frozen more than 
$1,000,000,000 in Burmese Government funds held in 
the United States and coordinated with the European 
Union, Canada, and the United Kingdom to impose tar-
geted sanctions against individuals and entities respon-
sible for the coup, including Min Aung Hlaing, the com-
mander in chief of the Tatmadaw; 
Whereas Congress recently passed the bipartisan BURMA 
Act of 2022 as part of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2023, granting the President in-
creased authority to impose sanctions on individuals and 
entities affiliated with the Tatmadaw and authorizing in-
creased humanitarian aid for the Burmese people; 
Whereas numerous civil society and human rights groups 
have recommended additional sanctions targeting the 
largest sources of the Tatmadaw’s foreign currency rev-
enue such as the state-controlled natural gas, mining, 
and timber entities, including the highly lucrative 
Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE); 
Whereas it has been reported that the European Union sanc-
tions on MOGE have been effective in blocking revenues 
from the Shwe gas pipeline being transferred to the 
Tatmadaw; 
Whereas aviation fuel shipments imported to Burma by for-
eign suppliers enable the Tatmadaw to carry out 
horrifyingly violent and indiscriminate air strikes on civil-
ian targets such as villages, schools, religious buildings, 
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•HRES 86 IH 
medical facilities, and camps for the internally displaced 
and continue wreaking devastating havoc across the 
country; and 
Whereas the Independent Investigative Mechanism for 
Myanmar, which was established by the United Nations 
Human Rights Council to investigate the Tatmadaw’s 
crimes against humanity and compile evidence for future 
prosecutions, is crucial to ensuring accountability for 
atrocities and bringing justice to the people of Burma: 
Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) condemns, in the strongest possible terms, 
the military coup that took place in Burma on Feb-
ruary 1, 2021; 
(2) denounces the Tatmadaw for perpetrating 
gross violations of human rights as part of its brutal 
campaign to suppress the democratic aspirations of 
the people of Burma; 
(3) stands in solidarity with the courageous 
people of Burma as they struggle to wrest political 
power from the hands of their authoritarian mili-
tary; 
(4) calls on the Tatmadaw to— 
(A) cease all violence against prodemocracy 
activists and reach a cease-fire with ethnic 
armed organizations; 
(B) release all political prisoners; 
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•HRES 86 IH 
(C) unconditionally vacate all fraudulent 
verdicts stemming from politically motivated 
charges and legal proceedings against elected 
officials, journalists, civil society leaders, pro-
democracy activists, and other unjustly con-
victed Burmese people; 
(D) engage in constructive dialogue with 
all parties to negotiate a pathway toward a gov-
ernment that reflects the will of the Burmese 
people; 
(E) grant humanitarian actors unhindered 
access to all relevant areas of Burma to help al-
leviate the immense suffering that has resulted 
from the Tatmadaw’s violence; and 
(F) respect the human rights and civil lib-
erties of all people of Burma, including ethnic 
minorities who currently face state-sponsored 
persecution; 
(5) rejects any attempts by the Tatmadaw to 
hold sham general elections in 2023 without first 
ceasing its violence against prodemocracy forces and 
releasing all opposition politicians, as any such elec-
tion would be far from free or fair; and 
(6) calls on the President, and the relevant 
Federal agencies, to take immediate action to— 
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