H. Res. 1328 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
November 20, 2024. 
Whereas Article II of the Convention on the Prevention and 
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (in this preamble 
referred to as the ‘‘Genocide Convention’’), adopted at 
Paris on December 9, 1948, defines genocide as ‘‘any of 
the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in 
whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious 
group, as such: (a) Killing members of the group; (b) 
Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the 
group; (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions 
of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction 
in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to 
prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring 
children of the group to another group’’; 
Whereas the genocide that began in 2003 in Darfur per-
petrated by the Government of Sudan and its proxy 
Janjaweed militia, explicitly targeting the Fur, Zaghawa, 
and Masalit ethnic communities through mass killings, 
forced displacement, the razing of villages and cropland, 
widespread rape, aerial bombings of civilians, and the 
blocking of humanitarian assistance, killed at least 
200,000 civilians and displaced 2,000,000 people; 
Whereas, on July 22, 2004, Congress declared, with the pas-
sage of House Concurrent Resolution 467 (108th Con-
•HRES 1328 EH 
gress) and Senate Concurrent Resolution 133 (108th 
Congress), that atrocities occurring in Darfur were geno-
cide, and the administration of President George W. 
Bush declared genocide in Darfur on September 9, 2004; 
Whereas, in 2013, the Government of Sudan, under the ad-
ministration of the National Intelligence and Security 
Service (NISS) and the command of the Sudanese Armed 
Forces (SAF), formed the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), 
a formal paramilitary force composed primarily of 
Janjaweed militia; 
Whereas Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (commonly known as 
‘‘Hemedti’’), a Janjaweed militia leader during the geno-
cide in Darfur that began in 2003, served as head of the 
RSF and became the deputy head of the Transitional 
Military Council, which took power from the President of 
Sudan Omar al-Bashir in 2019, and the deputy chairman 
of the successor Sovereign Council; 
Whereas the elevation of individuals who served in leadership 
of the parties responsible for such genocide, including 
Hemedti and General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan of the 
SAF, into leadership roles in the transition government 
in 2019 only heightened the risk of atrocities recurring 
across Sudan, including genocide in Darfur; 
Whereas fighting between the SAF and the RSF broke out 
in Khartoum on April 15, 2023, and quickly spread to 
Darfur, where the RSF has taken control of four of five 
regional capitals in Darfur: Nyala, Geneina, Zalingei, and 
El Daein; 
Whereas, on August 16, 2023, CNN issued an investigative 
report on the June 15, 2023, atrocity in El Geneina, the 
capital of West Darfur, describing the atrocity as ‘‘one
•HRES 1328 EH 
of the most violent incidents in the genocide-scarred Su-
danese region’s history’’, explaining how ‘‘the powerful 
paramilitary Rapid Support Forces and its allied militias 
hunted down non-Arab people in various parts of the city 
. . . reviving a genocidal playbook’’, and in which sur-
vivors reported that identifying as Masalit ‘‘was a death 
sentence’’; 
Whereas, on November 3, 2023, the Office of the United Na-
tions High Commissioner for Human Rights stated, ‘‘We 
are deeply alarmed by reports that women and girls are 
being abducted and held in inhuman, degrading slave-like 
conditions in areas controlled by the Rapid Support 
Forces (RSF) in Darfur’’; 
Whereas, on November 14, 2023, the United Nations Special 
Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Alice Wairimu 
Nderitu, expressed extreme concern with the ‘‘serious al-
legations of mass killings’’ in Ardamata, which ‘‘may con-
stitute acts of genocide’’, citing reports that the violence 
killed more than 800 people and displaced 8,000 Suda-
nese individuals to Chad; 
Whereas, on December 6, 2023, Secretary of State Antony 
Blinken determined that, since the fighting between the 
SAF and the RSF began on April 15, 2023, Sudan has 
experienced war crimes, crimes against humanity, and 
ethnic cleansing in ‘‘haunting echoes of the genocide that 
began almost 20 years ago in Darfur’’, including Masalit 
civilians being ‘‘hunted down and left for dead in the 
streets, their homes set on fire, and told that there is no 
place in Sudan for them’’; 
Whereas a December 15, 2023, Reuters special investigative 
report detailed the targeted killing of Masalit men and 
boys by the RSF, about which an emergency protection
•HRES 1328 EH 
officer for the United Nations High Commissioner for 
Refugees explained that ‘‘the objective of the killings 
seems to be the elimination of future fighters as well as 
the line of ancestry of a specific ethnic group’’, referring 
to the Masalit people; 
Whereas the RSF has killed Masalit political and traditional 
leaders in El Geneina, West Darfur, including Khamis 
Abdullah Abbakar, the Governor of West Darfur, and 
Farsha Mohamed Arbab, a prominent leader of the 
Masalit Sultanate; 
Whereas, on May 9, 2024, Human Rights Watch reported 
that attacks by the RSF and allied militias in El 
Geneina, the capital city of Sudan’s West Darfur state, 
killed thousands of people and left hundreds of thousands 
as refugees, from April to November 2023; 
Whereas there is significant evidence of widespread, system-
atic actions against the non-Arab ethnic communities of 
Darfur, including the Masalit people, committed by the 
RSF and allied militias that meet one or more of the cri-
teria under Article II of the Genocide Convention, includ-
ing— 
(1) killing members of the non-Arab ethnic commu-
nities in Darfur in mass killings of civilians, including 
summary executions in the streets and shootings of civil-
ians fleeing across the Wadi Kaja river and to the Chad 
border, targeted killings of men and boys, targeted 
killings of Masalit leaders, and burials in mass graves; 
(2) causing serious bodily or mental harm to mem-
bers of such communities, including through extrajudicial 
detention, torture and beatings, extortion, sexual and 
gender-based violence, mass rape, sexual slavery, and 
forced displacement; and