I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5227 
To conduct a study on the impact of artificial intelligence and data center 
site growth on energy supply resources in the United States, and for 
other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 9, 2025 
Mr. COSTA (for himself and Mr. MOORE of Utah) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To conduct a study on the impact of artificial intelligence 
and data center site growth on energy supply resources 
in the United States, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Unleashing Low-Cost 
Rural AI Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. STUDY ON IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
AND DATA CENTER SITE GROWTH ON EN-
ERGY SUPPLY RESOURCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
designate a National Laboratory to conduct a study on 
the impact of artificial intelligence and data center site 
growth on energy supply resources in the United States. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The study under subsection (a) 
shall address the following: 
(1) Whether any updates to existing infrastruc-
ture are necessary to support the co-location of arti-
ficial intelligence and data center site development. 
(2) With respect to the co-location of artificial 
intelligence and data center sites, the feasability of 
using alternative sources of energy, such as hydro-
electric dams, solar farms, wind farms, solar and 
wind battery storage sites, and carbon capture facili-
ties, in addition to nuclear and geothermal sources 
of energy. 
(3) The impact of the co-location of artificial 
intelligence and data center sites on energy costs, 
energy supply, energy supply reliability, land-use, 
water-use, and cost to consumers. 
(4) Whether, and to what extent, there are defi-
ciencies in energy supply resources. 
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(5) The means to expedite any review under the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or to more expeditiously meet 
any permitting requirements to develop any artificial 
intelligence or data center sites, and any associated 
generation, transmission, and distribution assets. 
(c) PRIORITIZATION.—The study under subsection 
(a) shall prioritize the impact of artificial intelligence and 
data center site growth on energy supply resources in re-
mote areas. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
a report on the findings of the study conducted under sub-
section (a). 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term ‘‘ar-
tificial intelligence’’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intel-
ligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401). 
(2) CO-LOCATION.—The term ‘‘co-location’’ 
means, with respect to an artificial intelligence or 
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data center site, placing such site upon a parcel of 
land that is owned and operated by a public utility. 
(3) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801). 
(4) REMOTE AREA.—The term ‘‘remote area’’ 
means an area for which the Economic Research 
Service of the Department of Agriculture has devel-
oped a frontier and remote area code. 
Æ 
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