SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Secure Fence Act of 
2006’’. 
SEC. 2. ACHIEVING OPERATIONAL CONTROL ON THE BOR-
DER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall take all actions the Secretary de-
termines necessary and appropriate to achieve and main-
tain operational control over the entire international land 
and maritime borders of the United States, to include the 
following—
(1) systematic surveillance of the international 
land and maritime borders of the United States 
through more effective use of personnel and tech-
nology, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, ground-
based sensors, satellites, radar coverage, and cam-
eras; and 
(2) physical infrastructure enhancements to 
prevent unlawful entry by aliens into the United 
States and facilitate access to the international land 
and maritime borders by United States Customs and 
Border Protection, such as additional checkpoints, 
all weather access roads, and vehicle barriers. 
(b) OPERATIONAL CONTROL DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘‘operational control’’ means the prevention
of all unlawful entries into the United States, including 
entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of 
terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
progress made toward achieving and maintaining oper-
ational control over the entire international land and mari-
time borders of the United States in accordance with this 
section. 
SEC. 3. CONSTRUCTION OF FENCING AND SECURITY IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BORDER AREA FROM PA-
CIFIC OCEAN TO GULF OF MEXICO. 
Section 102(b) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and 
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–
208; 8 U.S.C. 1103 note) is amended—
(1) in the subsection heading by striking 
‘‘NEAR SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA’’; and 
(2) by amending paragraph (1) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(1) SECURITY FEATURES.—
‘‘(A) REINFORCED FENCING.—In carrying 
out subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall provide for least 2 layers of rein-
forced fencing, the installation of additional
physical barriers, roads, lighting, cameras, and 
sensors—
‘‘(i) extending from 10 miles west of 
the Tecate, California, port of entry to 10 
miles east of the Tecate, California, port of 
entry; 
‘‘(ii) extending from 10 miles west of 
the Calexico, California, port of entry to 5 
miles east of the Douglas, Arizona, port of 
entry; 
‘‘(iii) extending from 5 miles west of 
the Columbus, New Mexico, port of entry 
to 10 miles east of El Paso, Texas; 
‘‘(iv) extending from 5 miles north-
west of the Del Rio, Texas, port of entry 
to 5 miles southeast of the Eagle Pass, 
Texas, port of entry; and 
‘‘(v) extending 15 miles northwest of 
the Laredo, Texas, port of entry to the 
Brownsville, Texas, port of entry. 
‘‘(B) PRIORITY
AREAS.—With respect to 
the border described—
‘‘(i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), the Sec-
retary shall ensure that an interlocking 
surveillance camera system is installed
along such area by May 30, 2007, and that 
fence construction is completed by May 30, 
2008; and 
‘‘(ii) in subparagraph (A)(v), the Sec-
retary shall ensure that fence construction 
from 15 miles northwest of the Laredo, 
Texas, port of entry to 15 southeast of the 
Laredo, Texas, port of entry is completed 
by December 31, 2008. 
‘‘(C) EXCEPTION.—If the topography of a 
specific area has an elevation grade that ex-
ceeds 10 percent, the Secretary may use other 
means to secure such area, including the use of 
surveillance and barrier tools.’’. 
SEC. 4. NORTHERN BORDER STUDY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall conduct a study on the feasibility of a state of-
the-art infrastructure security system along the northern 
international land and maritime border of the United 
States and shall include in the study—
(1) the necessity of implementing such a sys-
tem; 
(2) the feasibility of implementing such a sys-
tem; and
(3) the economic impact implementing such a 
system will have along the northern border. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Se-
curity of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate a report that contains the results of the study con-
ducted under subsection (a). 
SEC. 5. EVALUATION AND REPORT RELATING TO CUSTOMS 
AUTHORITY TO STOP CERTAIN FLEEING VE-
HICLES. 
(a) EVALUATION.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Home-
land Security shall—
(1) evaluate the authority of personnel of 
United States Customs and Border Protection to 
stop vehicles that enter the United States illegally 
and refuse to stop when ordered to do so by such 
personnel, compare such Customs authority with the 
authority of the Coast Guard to stop vessels under 
section 637 of title 14, United States Code, and 
make an assessment as to whether such Customs au-
thority should be expanded;