IIB 
115TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1677 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
MAY 18, 2017 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 
AN ACT 
To halt the wholesale slaughter of the Syrian people, encour-
age a negotiated political settlement, and hold Syrian 
human rights abusers accountable for their crimes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2017’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress. 
Sec. 3. Statement of policy. 
TITLE I—ADDITIONAL ACTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT TO SYRIA 
Sec. 101. Sanctions with respect to Central Bank of Syria and foreign persons 
that engage in certain transactions. 
Sec. 102. Prohibitions with respect to the transfer of arms and related mate-
rials to Syria. 
Sec. 103. Rule of construction. 
Sec. 104. Definitions. 
TITLE II—AMENDMENTS TO SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS 
ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012 
Sec. 201. Imposition of sanctions with respect to certain persons who are re-
sponsible for or complicit in human rights abuses committed 
against citizens of Syria or their family members. 
Sec. 202. Imposition of sanctions with respect to the transfer of goods or tech-
nologies to Syria that are likely to be used to commit human 
rights abuses. 
Sec. 203. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons who hinder humani-
tarian access. 
Sec. 204. Report on certain persons who are responsible for or complicit in cer-
tain human rights abuses in Syria. 
TITLE III—REPORTS AND WAIVER FOR HUMANITARIAN-RELATED 
ACTIVITIES WITH RESPECT TO SYRIA 
Sec. 301. Briefing on monitoring and evaluating of ongoing assistance pro-
grams in Syria and to the Syrian people. 
Sec. 302. Assessment of potential methods to enhance the protection of civil-
ians. 
Sec. 303. Assistance to support entities taking actions relating to gathering evi-
dence for investigations into war crimes or crimes against hu-
manity in Syria since March 2011. 
TITLE IV—SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO SYRIA 
Sec. 401. Suspension of sanctions with respect to Syria. 
Sec. 402. Waivers and exemptions. 
TITLE V—REGULATORY AUTHORITY, COST LIMITATION, AND 
SUNSET 
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Sec. 501. Implementation and regulatory authorities. 
Sec. 502. Cost limitation. 
Sec. 503. Authority to consolidate reports. 
Sec. 504. Sunset. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) 
Bashar 
al-Assad’s 
murderous 
actions 
against the people of Syria have directly contributed 
to the deaths of more than 480,000 civilians, led to 
the destruction of more than 50 percent of Syria’s 
critical infrastructure, and forced the displacement 
of more than 14 million people, precipitating one of 
the worst humanitarian crises in more than 60 
years; 
(2) international actions to protect vulnerable 
populations from attack by uniformed and irregular 
forces associated with the Assad regime, including 
Hezbollah, on land and by air, including through the 
use of barrel bombs, chemical weapons, mass starva-
tion, industrial-scale torture and execution of polit-
ical dissidents, sniper attacks against pregnant 
women, and the deliberate targeting of medical fa-
cilities, schools, residential areas, and community 
gathering places, including markets, have been insuf-
ficient to date; 
(3) Assad’s use of chemical weapons, including 
chlorine, against the Syrian people violates the 
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Chemical Weapons Convention, to which Syria is a 
party; 
(4) Assad’s abhorrent use of chemical weapons, 
most recently on April 4, 2017, in an attack on the 
town of Khan Shakhyn in which more than 90 peo-
ple died, including women and children, and more 
than 600 hundred people were injured, is condemned 
in the strongest terms; 
(5) violent attacks resulting in death, injury, 
imprisonment or threat of prosecution against hu-
manitarian aid workers and diplomatic personnel, as 
well as attacks on humanitarian supplies, facilities, 
transports, and assets, and acts to impede the access 
and secure movement of all humanitarian personnel 
are in violation of international humanitarian law 
and impede the lifesaving work of humanitarian or-
ganizations and diplomatic institutions; and 
(6) Assad’s continued claim of leadership and 
war crimes in Syria have served as a rallying point 
for the extremist ideology of the Islamic State, 
Jabhat al-Nusra, and other terrorist organizations. 
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States that all diplo-
matic and coercive economic means should be utilized to 
compel the government of Bashar al-Assad to immediately 
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halt the wholesale slaughter of the Syrian people and to 
support an immediate transition to a democratic govern-
ment in Syria that respects the rule of law, human rights, 
and peaceful co-existence with its neighbors. 
TITLE I—ADDITIONAL ACTIONS 
IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH 
RESPECT TO SYRIA 
SEC. 101. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CENTRAL BANK 
OF SYRIA AND FOREIGN PERSONS THAT EN-
GAGE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS. 
(a) APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MEASURES TO CEN-
TRAL BANK OF SYRIA.—Except as provided in subsections 
(a) and (b) of section 402, the President shall apply the 
measures described in section 5318A(b)(5) of title 31, 
United States Code, to the Central Bank of Syria. 
(b) BLOCKING PROPERTY
OF FOREIGN PERSONS 
THAT ENGAGE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on and after the 
date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall impose on a foreign 
person the sanctions described in subsection (c) if 
the President determines that such foreign person, 
on or after such date of enactment, knowingly en-
gages in an activity described in paragraph (2). 
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(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—A foreign person 
engages in an activity described in this paragraph if 
the foreign person— 
(A) knowingly provides significant finan-
cial, material or technological support to (in-
cluding engaging in or facilitating a significant 
transaction or transactions with) or provides 
significant financial services for— 
(i) the Government of Syria (including 
government entities operating as a busi-
ness enterprise) and the Central Bank of 
Syria, or any of its agencies or instrumen-
talities; or 
(ii) a foreign person subject to sanc-
tions pursuant to— 
(I) the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1701 et seq.) with respect to Syria or 
any other provision of law that im-
poses sanctions with respect to Syria; 
or 
(II) a resolution that is agreed to 
by the United Nations Security Coun-
cil that imposes sanctions with respect 
to Syria; 
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(B) knowingly— 
(i) sells or provides significant goods, 
services, technology, information, or other 
support that directly and significantly fa-
cilitates the maintenance or expansion of 
the Government of Syria’s domestic pro-
duction of natural gas or petroleum or pe-
troleum products of Syrian origin in areas 
controlled by the Government of Syria or 
associated forces; 
(ii) sells or provides to the Govern-
ment of Syria crude oil or condensate, re-
fined petroleum products, liquefied natural 
gas, or petrochemical products that have a 
fair market value of $500,000 or more or 
that during a 12-month period have an ag-
gregate fair market value of $2,000,000 or 
more in areas controlled by the Govern-
ment of Syria or associated forces; 
(iii) sells or provides aircraft or spare 
parts, or provides significant goods, serv-
ices, or technologies associated with the op-
eration of such aircraft or air carriers to 
any foreign person operating in areas con-
trolled by the Government of Syria or asso-
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ciated forces that are used, in whole or in 
part, for military purposes; or 
(iv) sells or provides significant goods, 
services, or technology to a foreign person 
operating in the shipping (including ports 
and free trade zones), transportation, or 
telecommunications sectors in areas con-
trolled by the Government of Syria or asso-
ciated forces; 
(C) knowingly facilitates efforts by a for-
eign person to carry out an activity described in 
subparagraph (A) or (B); or 
(D) knowingly provides significant loans, 
credits, including export credits, or financing to 
carry out an activity described in subparagraph 
(A) or (B). 
(c) SANCTIONS AGAINST A FOREIGN PERSON.—The 
sanctions to be imposed on a foreign person described in 
subsection (b) are the following: 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exercise 
all of the powers granted to the President under the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
and prohibit all transactions in property and inter-
ests in property of the foreign person if such prop-
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erty and interests in property are in the United 
States, come within the United States, or are or 
come within the possession or control of a United 
States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
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ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and 
(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(4) PENALTIES.—The penalties provided for in 
subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-
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national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a person that knowingly 
violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or 
causes a violation of regulations promulgated under 
section 501(a) to carry out paragraph (1) of this 
subsection to the same extent that such penalties 
apply to a person that knowingly commits an unlaw-
ful act described in section 206(a) of that Act. 
SEC. 102. PROHIBITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE TRANSFER 
OF ARMS AND RELATED MATERIALS TO 
SYRIA. 
(a) SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on and after the 
date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall impose on a foreign 
person the sanctions described in subsection (b) if 
the President determines that such foreign person, 
on or after such date of enactment, knowingly ex-
ports, transfers, or provides significant financial, 
material, or technological support to the Government 
of Syria to— 
(A) acquire or develop chemical, biological, 
or nuclear weapons or related technologies; 
(B) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise 
missile capabilities; 
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(C) acquire or develop destabilizing num-
bers and types of advanced conventional weap-
ons; or 
(D) acquire defense articles, defense serv-
ices, or defense information (as such terms are 
defined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.)), if the President deter-
mines that a significant type or amount of such 
articles, services, or information has been so ac-
quired. 
(2) APPLICABILITY TO OTHER FOREIGN PER-
SONS.—The sanctions described in subsection (b) 
shall also be imposed on any foreign person that is 
a successor entity to a foreign person described in 
paragraph (1). 
(b) SANCTIONS AGAINST A FOREIGN PERSON.—The 
sanctions to be imposed on a foreign person described in 
subsection (a) are the following: 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exercise 
all powers granted by the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to 
the extent necessary to freeze and prohibit all trans-
actions in all property and interests in property of 
the foreign person if such property and interests in 
property are in the United States, come within the 
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United States, or are or come within the possession 
or control of a United States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
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issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and 
(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(4) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 
violation of any regulation, license, or order issued 
to carry out this section shall be subject to the pen-
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alties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 
206 of the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a 
person that commits an unlawful act described in 
subsection (a) of that section. 
SEC. 103. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this title shall be construed to limit the 
authority of the President pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.). 
SEC. 104. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms ‘‘admitted’’ 
and ‘‘alien’’ have the meanings given such terms in 
section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1101). 
(2) FINANCIAL, MATERIAL, OR TECHNOLOGICAL 
SUPPORT.—The term ‘‘financial, material, or techno-
logical support’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 542.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regula-
tions, as such section was in effect on the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
(3) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-
son’’ means any citizen or national of a foreign 
country, or any entity not organized solely under the 
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laws of the United States or existing solely in the 
United States. 
(4) GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA.—The term ‘‘Gov-
ernment of Syria’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 542.305 of title 31, Code of Federal Reg-
ulations, as such section was in effect on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
(5) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 566.312 of 
title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such sec-
tion was in effect on the date of the enactment of 
this Act. 
(6) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an in-
dividual or entity. 
(7) PETROLEUM OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS OF 
SYRIAN ORIGIN.—The term ‘‘petroleum or petroleum 
products of Syrian origin’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 542.314 of title 31, Code of 
Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect on 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(8) SIGNIFICANT
TRANSACTION
OR
TRANS-
ACTIONS; 
SIGNIFICANT
FINANCIAL
SERVICES.—A 
transaction or transactions or financial services shall 
be determined to be a significant for purposes of this 
section in accordance with section 566.404 of title 
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31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such section 
was in effect on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(9) SYRIA.—The term ‘‘Syria’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 542.316 of title 31, Code 
of Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect 
on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(10) UNITED
STATES
PERSON.—The term 
‘‘United States person’’ means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized 
under the laws of the United States (including for-
eign branches), or any person in the United States. 
TITLE 
II—AMENDMENTS 
TO 
SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS AC-
COUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012 
SEC. 201. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE 
FOR 
OR 
COMPLICIT 
IN 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
ABUSES COMMITTED AGAINST CITIZENS OF 
SYRIA OR THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 702(c) of the Syria 
Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 
8791(c)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(c) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exer-
cise all powers granted by the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.) to the extent necessary to freeze and prohibit 
all transactions in all property and interests in prop-
erty of a person on the list required by subsection 
(b) if such property and interests in property are in 
the United States, come within the United States, or 
are or come within the possession or control of a 
United States person. 
‘‘(2) ALIENS
INELIGIBLE
FOR
VISAS, ADMIS-
SION, OR PAROLE.— 
‘‘(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (b) is— 
‘‘(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
‘‘(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or 
other documentation to enter the United 
States; and 
‘‘(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admit-
ted or paroled into the United States or to 
receive any other benefit under the Immi-
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gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101 et seq.). 
‘‘(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (b) regard-
less of when issued. 
‘‘(ii) EFFECT
OF
REVOCATION.—A 
revocation under clause (i)— 
‘‘(I) shall take effect imme-
diately; and 
‘‘(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
‘‘(3) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 
violation of this section or any regulation, license, or 
order issued to carry out this section shall be subject 
to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 
of section 206 of the International Emergency Eco-
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nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same ex-
tent as a person that commits an unlawful act de-
scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 
‘‘(4) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—The President 
shall, not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this section, promulgate regulations as 
necessary for the implementation of this section. 
‘‘(5) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
‘‘(6) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this section shall be construed to limit the authority 
of the President pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 
et seq.), relevant Executive orders, regulations, or 
other provisions of law.’’. 
(b) SERIOUS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES DESCRIBED.— 
Section 702 of the Syria Human Rights Accountability 
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Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(d) 
SERIOUS
HUMAN
RIGHTS
ABUSES
DE-
SCRIBED.—In subsection (b), the term ‘serious human 
rights abuses’ includes— 
‘‘(1) the deliberate targeting of civilian infra-
structure to include schools, hospitals, markets, and 
other infrastructure that is essential to human life, 
such as power and water systems; and 
‘‘(2) the deliberate diversion, hindering, or 
blocking of access for humanitarian purposes, in-
cluding access across conflict lines and borders.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect on the date of 
the enactment of this Act and shall apply with respect to 
the imposition of sanctions under section 702(a) of the 
Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 on after 
such date of enactment. 
SEC. 202. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
THE 
TRANSFER 
OF 
GOODS 
OR 
TECH-
NOLOGIES TO SYRIA THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE 
USED TO COMMIT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. 
Section 703(b)(2)(C) of the Syria Human Rights Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8792(b)(2)(C)) is 
amended— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
21:30 May 18, 2017
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