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nology, shall conduct an advanced fuel recycling technology
research and development program (referred to in this sec-
tion as the ‘‘program’’) to evaluate proliferation-resistant
fuel recycling and transmutation technologies that mini-
mize environmental or public health and safety impacts as
an alternative to aqueous reprocessing technologies deployed
as of the date of enactment of this Act in support of evalua-
tion of alternative national strategies for spent nuclear fuel
and the Generation IV advanced reactor concepts.
(b) ANNUAL REVIEW.—The program shall be subject
to annual review by the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory
Committee of the Department or other independent entity,
as appropriate.
(c) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.—In carrying out
the program, the Secretary is encouraged to seek opportuni-
ties to enhance the progress of the program through inter-
national cooperation.
(d) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall submit, as part of
the annual budget submission of the Department, a report
on the activities of the program.
SEC. 948. NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SUPPORT
FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
program to invest in human resources and infrastructure
in the nuclear sciences and engineering and related fields
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(including health physics and nuclear and radiochemistry),
consistent with departmental missions related to civilian
nuclear research and development.
(b) DUTIES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program
under this section, the Secretary shall—
(A) establish fellowship and faculty assist-
ance programs; and
(B) provide support for fundamental re-
search and encourage collaborative research
among industry, National Laboratories, and in-
stitutions of higher education through the Nu-
clear Energy Research Initiative established
under section 942(a).
(2) ENTIRE FUEL CYCLE.—The Secretary is en-
couraged to support activities addressing the entire
fuel cycle through involvement of the Office of Nuclear
Energy, Science and Technology and the Office of Ci-
vilian Radioactive Waste Management.
(3) OUTREACH.—The Secretary shall support
communication and outreach related to nuclear
science, engineering, and nuclear waste management.
(c) MAINTAINING RESEARCH AND TRAINING REAC-
TORS AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN INSTITUTIONS
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OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—Activities under this section
may include—
(1) converting research reactors currently using
high-enrichment fuels to low-enrichment fuels;
(2) upgrading operational instrumentation;
(3) sharing of reactors among institutions of
higher education;
(4) providing technical assistance, in collabora-
tion with the United States nuclear industry, in reli-
censing and upgrading training reactors as part of a
student training program; and
(5) providing funding for reactor improvements
as part of a focused effort that emphasizes research,
training, and education.
(d) INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN
NATIONAL
LABORA-
TORIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The
Secretary shall develop sabbatical fellowship and visiting
scientist programs to encourage sharing of personnel be-
tween National Laboratories and institutions of higher edu-
cation.
(e) OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS.—Funding
for a research project provided under this section may be
used to offset a portion of the operating and maintenance
costs of a research reactor at an institution of higher edu-
cation used in the research project.
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SEC. 949. SECURITY OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES.
The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office
of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct
a research and development program on cost-effective tech-
nologies for increasing—
(1) the safety of nuclear facilities from natural
phenomena; and
(2) the security of nuclear facilities from delib-
erate attacks.
SEC. 950. ALTERNATIVES TO INDUSTRIAL RADIOACTIVE
SOURCES.
(a) SURVEY.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than August 1,
2006, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the re-
sults of a survey of industrial applications of large
radioactive sources.
(2) ADMINISTRATION.—The survey shall—
(A) consider well-logging sources as 1 class
of industrial sources;
(B) include information on current domes-
tic and international Department, Department
of Defense, State Department, and commercial
programs to manage and dispose of radioactive
sources; and
(C) analyze available disposal options for
currently deployed or future sources and, if defi-
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ciencies are noted for either deployed or future
sources, recommend legislative options that Con-
gress may consider to remedy identified defi-
ciencies.
(b) PLAN.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In conjunction with the sur-
vey conducted under subsection (a), the Secretary
shall establish a research and development program to
develop alternatives to sources described in subsection
(a) that reduce safety, environmental, or proliferation
risks to either workers using the sources or the public.
(2) ACCELERATORS.—Miniaturized particle ac-
celerators for well-logging or other industrial applica-
tions and portable accelerators for production of
short-lived radioactive materials at an industrial site
shall be considered as part of the research and devel-
opment efforts.
(3) REPORT.—Not later than August 1, 2006, the
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing
the details of the program plan.
Subtitle E—Fossil Energy
SEC. 951. FOSSIL ENERGY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out fossil energy research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application