IB 
Union Calendar No. 510 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6213 
[Report No. 118–612] 
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 3, 2023 
Mr. LUCAS (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. COLLINS, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. 
WILLIAMS of New York, Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BABIN, Mr. SORENSEN, Mr. 
OBERNOLTE, Mrs. FOUSHEE, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, and Ms. ROSS) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology 
JULY 25, 2024 
Additional sponsors: Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. CASTEN, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. 
MULLIN, Mr. MIKE GARCIA of California, Ms. SALINAS, Ms. TENNEY, 
Mr. JACKSON of North Carolina, Mr. KEAN of New Jersey, Ms. 
BONAMICI, Mr. WITTMAN, Mr. FEENSTRA, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, Ms. 
CARAVEO, Mrs. SYKES, Mr. MORELLE, Mr. NEGUSE, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 
THANEDAR, Mr. THOMPSON of Pennsylvania, Ms. DELBENE, and Mr. 
ALLRED 
JULY 25, 2024 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on November 3, 2023] 
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A BILL 
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and 
for other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Quantum Ini-
tiative Reauthorization Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 
(7), the first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition 
of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Economic and Security Im-
plications’’), and the second paragraph (8) (relating 
to the definition of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Quantum 
Information Science’’) as paragraphs (7), (9), (12), 
(13), (15), and (16), respectively; 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(4) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Federal 
laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703). 
‘‘(5) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN.—The term 
‘foreign country of concern’ means— 
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‘‘(A) a country that is a covered nation (as 
such term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 
10, United States Code); and 
‘‘(B) any country that the Secretary of 
Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Director 
of National Intelligence, determines to be en-
gaged in conduct that is detrimental to the na-
tional security or foreign policy of the United 
States. 
‘‘(6) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term 
‘foreign entity of concern’ means a foreign entity that 
is— 
‘‘(A) designated as a foreign terrorist orga-
nization by the Secretary of State under section 
219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1189(a)); 
‘‘(B) included on the list of specially des-
ignated nationals and blocked persons main-
tained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of 
the Department of the Treasury (commonly 
known as the ‘SDN list’); 
‘‘(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to 
the jurisdiction or direction of a government of 
a foreign country that is a covered nation (as 
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such term is defined in section 4872 of title 10, 
United States Code); 
‘‘(D) alleged by the Attorney General to 
have been involved in activities for which a con-
viction was obtained under— 
‘‘(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the ‘Espi-
onage Act’); 
‘‘(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, 
United States Code; 
‘‘(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the ‘Eco-
nomic Espionage Act of 1996’); 
‘‘(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 
‘‘(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284); 
‘‘(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 
2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 
‘‘(vii) the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.); or 
‘‘(E) determined by the Secretary of Com-
merce, in consultation with the Secretary of De-
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fense and the Director of National Intelligence, 
to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is 
detrimental to the national security or foreign 
policy of the United States.’’; 
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘(a)’’ each place it appears; 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redes-
ignated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na-
tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801).’’; 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redes-
ignated, the following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(10) 
QUANTUM
APPLICATIONS.—The 
term 
‘quantum applications’ means applications that use 
quantum information science engineering and tech-
nology, including quantum algorithms and software, 
quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids, 
quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 
encryption, or quantum communications applica-
tions. 
‘‘(11) QUANTUM COMPUTING.—The term ‘quan-
tum computing’ means any of a variety of quantum 
computing technologies, including quantum annealing 
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and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a vari-
ety of qubit architectures, such as superconducting, 
ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin atoms, or 
spin electrons.’’; 
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(12) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, TECH-
NOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING.—The term ‘quantum in-
formation science, technology, and engineering’ means 
the understanding, translation, use, or application of 
the laws of quantum physics for the storage, trans-
mission, manipulation, computing, simulation, or 
measurement of information.’’; and 
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so re-
designated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(14) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the aca-
demic and professional disciplines of science, tech-
nology, engineering, and mathematics, including com-
puter science.’’. 
SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8802) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘science and its technology applications’’ and 
inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 
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(2) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ and in-
serting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(A) to expand the number of researchers, 
educators, and students with training in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline 
and retain international talent to the extent con-
sistent with national security and international 
competitiveness;’’; 
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘science at the’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology at the primary, secondary,’’; 
(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘basic’’; 
(E) in subparagraph (D)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; and 
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(F) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraphs: 
‘‘(F) to support development of quantum 
applications, including quantum-hybrid applica-
tions, to promote innovation and commercializa-
tion; and 
‘‘(G) to support technologies, including arti-
ficial intelligence, that could benefit from or ben-
efit the development of quantum technology and 
promote research, development, demonstration, 
and application of such technologies in quantum 
information science, engineering, and tech-
nology.’’; 
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘science and 
technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 
technology’’; 
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science and 
technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 
technology’’; 
(5) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘National Laboratories,’’ 
after ‘‘Federal laboratories,’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(6) in paragraph (5)— 
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(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘partnerships, research 
collaborations, and’’ after ‘‘international’’; 
and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and technology 
security’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, social benefit,’’ after 
‘‘innovation’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; 
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 
quantum capabilities between the United States 
and its allies and partners to strengthen and se-
cure the domestic supply chain and related eco-
system; and’’; and 
(7) by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
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‘‘(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- 
and long-term viability of the quantum technology in-
dustry, including small and medium-sized businesses 
and startups representing a diversity of quantum spe-
cialties, and commercialization of domestic quantum 
capacity across modalities.’’. 
SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM. 
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum 
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘development’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘research development, and near- and me-
dium-term, and long-term demonstration’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘information science and 
technology’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘in diverse sectors’’ after 
‘‘applications’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘fundamental’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘infrastructure,’’ after 
‘‘demonstration,’’; 
(3) in paragraph (3)— 
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(A) by inserting ‘‘and retain’’ after ‘‘to de-
velop’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; 
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(4) provide for interagency planning and co-
ordination of Federal quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology research, development, 
demonstration, standards engagement, and other ac-
tivities under the Program, including activities au-
thorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum edu-
cational activities and programs authorized pursuant 
to section 10661 of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), 
and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;’’; 
and 
(5) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘industry and universities’’ 
and inserting ‘‘industry, universities, and stra-
tegic allies’’; and 
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(B) by inserting ‘‘, including human re-
sources’’ after ‘‘resources’’. 
SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE. 
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘who shall be’’ before 
‘‘appointed’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘, and who shall serve 
a four year term, subject to renewal’’ before 
the semicolon; and 
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(B) staff comprised of employees detailed 
from the Federal departments and agencies spec-
ified in section 103(b).’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science 
and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology research and workforce’’; 
(B) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(C) in paragraph (7), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘;’’; 
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(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative 
ventures or consortia established under this Act;’’; 
(E) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘non-
profit research organizations,’’ after ‘‘univer-
sities,’’; and 
(F) by adding after paragraph (7), the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(8) promote understanding and adoption of 
quantum capabilities throughout the United States 
economy as appropriate; and 
‘‘(9) track and promote policies that will ensure 
stability of the United States quantum workforce, 
quantum supply chain, domestic quantum industry, 
and international trade.’’. 
SEC. 
6. 
SUBCOMMITTEE 
ON 
QUANTUM 
INFORMATION 
SCIENCE. 
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as 
paragraph (14); and 
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(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
‘‘(10) the Department of State; 
‘‘(11) the Department of Homeland Security; 
‘‘(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(13) the Department of Education; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘the 
quantum information science and technology re-
search’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology research and 
quantum application development, demonstra-
tion, and commercialization’’; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, engi-
neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 
(C) in paragraph (5), 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 
technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘and conduct com-
parative benchmarking of Federal invest-
ments and research strategies relative to 
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those of our strategic partners and other 
countries’’ after ‘‘development efforts’’; 
(D) in paragraph (6)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; 
(E) in paragraph (7)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, engineering and 
technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing ‘‘; and’’; and 
(F) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportu-
nities to advance quantum applications related to en-
vironment, advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, 
space, and other sectors.’’; 
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ‘‘, in-
cluding a description of agency roles and responsibil-
ities’’ before the period; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(i) QUANTUM USE CASES.— 
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‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Subcommittee shall 
identify potential use cases with respect to which 
quantum computing could advance the missions of 
participating agencies, including through on-prem-
ises, cloud-based, hybrid, or networked approaches. 
‘‘(2) QUANTUM
ON-RAMP.—For each potential 
use case identified pursuant to paragraph (1), the rel-
evant Federal agency, in consultation with the Sub-
committee, may develop a plan to enable such agency 
to address each such potential use case. 
‘‘(3) REPORTING.—The Subcommittee, as part of 
the annual report on the budget for the Program 
under subsection (g) shall report progress in carrying 
out the activities under this section, including infor-
mation relating to the following: 
‘‘(A) The potential use cases identified pur-
suant to paragraph (1). 
‘‘(B) The status of plans developed pursuant 
to paragraph (2). 
‘‘(C) Any obstacles to addressing such po-
tential use cases, including lack of funding.’’. 
SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COM-
MITTEE. 
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8814) is amended— 
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(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Committee shall 
consist of members, appointed by the President, who are— 
‘‘(1) representative of industry, including end 
users likely to benefit from quantum technology and 
small and medium-sized businesses and startups rep-
resenting a diversity of quantum specialties. univer-
sities, and Federal laboratories; and 
‘‘(2) qualified to provide advice and information 
on quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research, development, demonstrations, 
standards, STEM education, technology transfer, 
commercial application, or national security and eco-
nomic concerns.’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘science and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, 
engineering, and technology’’; 
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), 
(E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), 
(G), and (H), respectively; 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
following new subparagraph: 
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‘‘(D) other countries’ quantum programs 
and the progress of such countries and such pro-
grams relative to the Program;’’; 
(D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesig-
nated— 
(i) by striking ‘‘to’’ and inserting 
‘‘promote innovation, foster a robust United 
States quantum industry, and’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; and 
(E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesig-
nated, by inserting ‘‘, including to address any 
gaps that may exist’’ before the semicolon; 
(F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesig-
nated, by striking ‘‘open standards for, quantum 
information science and technology; and’’ and 
inserting ‘‘international standards in open and 
transparent standardization systems for quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology;’’; 
(G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesig-
nated— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘educational, environ-
mental, health,’’ after ‘‘legal,’’; and 
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(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing ‘‘;’’; and 
(H) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraphs: 
‘‘(I) the domestic and international co-
operation needs and goals of the Program, in-
cluding needs and goals related to infrastructure 
and the supply chain of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology; and 
‘‘(J) the degree to which quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology is en-
hancing or can enhance the capabilities of the 
United States advanced industrial economy and 
protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as 
such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public 
Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).’’; 
(3) in subsection (e)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘through December 31, 
2030’’ after ‘‘thereafter’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new 
sentence: ‘‘In the first such report required after 
the date of the enactment of this sentence, the 
Advisory Committee shall assess the advisability 
and feasibility of establishing a quantum com-
munications corridor in which Federal labora-
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tories, institutions of higher education, and other 
entities conducting quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology research are con-
nected via quantum communication networks ca-
pable of rapidly and securely transmitting large 
quantities of information.’’; and 
(4) by amending subsection (g) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(g) FACA EXEMPTION.—The President shall charter 
the Advisory Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of 
title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the 
‘Federal Advisory Committee Act’), except that the Advisory 
Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such title.’’. 
SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY 
IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION 
SCIENCE. 
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8814a) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as 
paragraph (14); and 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the 
following new paragraphs: 
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‘‘(11) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
‘‘(12) the Department of State; 
‘‘(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘informa-
tion science’’ and inserting ‘‘information science, 
engineering, and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘or to 
supply chains’’ before the semicolon; 
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘or sup-
ply chains’’ before the semicolon; 
(D) in paragraph (5)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and engineering’’ 
after ‘‘quantum information science’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘any’’ before ‘‘export 
controls’’; 
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘informa-
tion science’’ and inserting ‘‘information science, 
engineering, and technology’’; 
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(G) in paragraph (8)— 
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(i) by inserting ‘‘nonprofit research or-
ganizations,’’ after ‘‘universities,’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing a semicolon; and 
(H) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science, identify opportunities 
to increase coordination between civilian, military, 
and intelligence quantum research entities, reduce un-
necessary duplicative quantum research activities, 
and facilitate collaboration between quantum research 
agencies with specialized capabilities or expertise in 
one or more aspects of quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology; and 
‘‘(10) recommend strategies for attracting and 
retaining students and scholars with expertise in 
quantum related fields to Federal departments and 
agencies.’’. 
SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRAT-
EGY. 
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 
inserting after section 105 the following new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 
105A. 
INTERNATIONAL 
QUANTUM 
COOPERATION 
STRATEGY. 
‘‘(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director 
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of State, 
the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal agen-
cies, as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
a strategy to— 
‘‘(1) establish collaborative international part-
nerships, including co-funded international programs, 
to advance research and development, testing and 
evaluation, commercialization, and interoperability 
in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology with allies and partners of the United 
States, and other countries, when in the security, 
strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the 
United States; 
‘‘(2) ensure continued United States participa-
tion in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance 
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quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology on the international stage; 
‘‘(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of 
international standards organizations and processes 
related to quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology; and 
‘‘(4) ensure ethical application of quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology to pro-
tect civil liberties and basic human rights. 
‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—The strategy under subsection 
shall be known as the ‘International Quantum Cooperation 
Strategy’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Strategy’). 
‘‘(c) ELEMENTS.—In the development of the Strategy, 
the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, 
the National Quantum Coordination Office, the Sub-
committee on Quantum Information Science, the Sub-
committee on the Economic and Security Implications, and 
the relevant agencies should consider the following: 
‘‘(1) The establishment of international partner-
ships to advance research and development in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) Key partners that are allies of the United 
States and have demonstrated unique capabilities in 
one or more areas of quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology. 
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‘‘(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the na-
tional security and economic interests of the United 
States during development and deployment of quan-
tum technologies worldwide, including plans for dip-
lomatic engagement with allies and partners, and 
other countries. 
‘‘(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible 
global development and deployment of quantum tech-
nologies, including through international engagement 
and leadership in the development of international 
standards. 
‘‘(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and 
retain international talent. 
‘‘(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufac-
turers and suppliers and those of allies and partners 
of the United States to meet the needs of the global 
quantum supply chain, including raw materials such 
as Helium–3, plans for engagement with allies and 
partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options 
to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global 
quantum supply chain. 
‘‘(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology 
supported through international cooperation, as ap-
propriate, in whole or in part, including in quantum 
technologies critical to national security, from malign 
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influence, theft, or exfiltration by foreign entities of 
concern. 
‘‘(8) As necessary, a description of such legisla-
tive or administrative action needed to carry out the 
Strategy. 
‘‘(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the date 
on which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief 
the committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.’’. 
SEC. 10. SUNSET. 
Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8815(a)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, 
and 105 shall terminate on December 30, 2030.’’. 
SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSOR-
TIUM. 
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘basic and applied’’; 
and 
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(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘attract, educate, and’’ 
before ‘‘train’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; 
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the de-
velopment and standardization of quantum cryptog-
raphy, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is 
defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cy-
bersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; 
Public Law 117–260)), and practices to replace cryp-
tographic keys or algorithms with minimal disrup-
tion to current applications and systems;’’. 
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) shall carry out research, development, and 
demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate 
the development and standardization of quantum net-
working, communications, computing, metrology, 
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sensing technologies and quantum applications, in-
cluding quantum supporting technologies, such as ar-
tificial intelligence;’’. 
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), 
and (7) as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respec-
tively; 
(F) by inserting the following after para-
graph (4) the following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(5) shall carry out research to support the 
measurement 
of 
comparative 
performance 
and 
progress of quantum technologies, including, as prac-
ticable, technology readiness assessments of quantum 
technologies; 
‘‘(6) shall promote United States participation 
in international standards organizations related to 
quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology; 
‘‘(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with 
the public sector and private sector to— 
‘‘(A) accelerate the development of domestic 
quantum supply chain and supply chain-sup-
porting technologies; and 
‘‘(B) 
reduce 
quantum 
supply 
chain 
vulnerabilities;’’; 
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(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘infrastructure’’ and inserting ‘‘, com-
munications, sensing, and computing’’; 
(H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘non-profit research 
organizations,’’ after ‘‘universities,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and engineering; and’’ 
and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech-
nology and expanding the domestic STEM 
workforce;’’; and 
(I) by inserting after paragraph (9) the fol-
lowing the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is 
necessary to carry out title II; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘future’’ and inserting 
‘‘research’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, 
and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to 
read as follows: 
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‘‘(A) to gather and assess information on 
the quantum industry to address the needs iden-
tified in paragraph (1);’’; 
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and 
(C) and inserting the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
‘‘(B) to provide recommendations regarding 
how the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology, the Program, and other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in 
the research necessary to meet the needs identi-
fied in paragraph (1) and accelerate real-world 
uses of quantum information science, engineer-
ing, and technology; 
‘‘(C) to identify enabling technologies and 
the relevant supply chain essential to foster re-
search and industrial competitiveness in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology, and communicate findings to Federal 
agencies and other domestic and international 
stakeholders; 
‘‘(D) to assess and identify key areas for es-
tablishing, expanding, or developing inter-
national partnerships that will facilitate United 
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States quantum-related business engagement; 
and 
‘‘(E) to provide recommendations on how 
the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology, the Program, and other Federal agencies, 
as appropriate, can incorporate small and me-
dium-sized businesses and startups into Federal 
quantum activities and promote the success of 
small and medium-sized startups.’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the’’ 
and inserting ‘‘The’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘periodically, but not 
less than every five years,’’ after ‘‘shall’’; 
and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—As appropriate, the con-
sortium is encouraged to engage with Federal agencies 
that fund research, have a mission to transition or 
translate research results to practical quantum appli-
cations, or have a mission that could benefit from the 
development of quantum technologies, to inform and 
accelerate progress in such areas.’’; and 
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(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
following new subsections: 
‘‘(c) INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM RESEARCH AND ME-
TROLOGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordina-
tion with the Secretary of State and the Director of 
the National Science Foundation, shall promote, es-
tablish, and support international quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology research, 
metrology research, and standardization, as appro-
priate, to enhance international cooperation, meet 
United States commitments, and support United 
States engagement in international standards for 
quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology. 
‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this section, 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall ensure alignment with the Na-
tional Quantum Information Science Strategy and 
the U.S. Government National Standards Strategy for 
Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor strat-
egies. 
‘‘(3) RESTRICTIONS.— 
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‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 
funds made available under this section may be 
obligated or expended to an institution of higher 
education that maintains a contract or agree-
ment between such institution and a Confucius 
Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti-
tute. 
‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRIES OR ENTITIES OF 
CONCERN.—None of the funds made available 
under this section may be obligated or expended 
to promote, establish, or finance quantum re-
search activities between a United States entity 
and a foreign country of concern or foreign enti-
ty of concern, except such restriction shall not 
apply to participation by awardees in consensus- 
based international standardization activities. 
‘‘(d) POST QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY DEPLOYMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 
heads of Sector Risk Management Agencies (as such 
term is defined in section 2200 of the Homeland Se-
curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private sector 
entities, as appropriate, shall promote the voluntary 
development, adoption, and deployment of standards 
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relating to post-quantum cryptography (as such term 
is defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing 
Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; 
Public Law 117–260)), including by— 
‘‘(A) disseminating and making publicly 
available guidance and resources to help organi-
zations adopt and deploy standards relating to 
post-quantum cryptography and minimize dis-
ruptions to current applications and systems 
caused by cryptographic updates; 
‘‘(B) providing technical assistance, as 
practicable, to entities that are at high risk of 
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities 
determined to be critical infrastructure (as such 
term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 
107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infra-
structure providers; and 
‘‘(C) conducting such other activities as de-
termined necessary by the Director to promote 
the development, adoption, and deployment 
across the United States of standards relating to 
post-quantum cryptography. 
‘‘(2) GRANT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations and after the date on 
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which the Director of National Institute of 
Standards and Technology has issued standards 
relating to post-quantum cryptography, the Di-
rector may establish a program to identify and 
provide technical assistance through the award of 
grants to entities that are at high risk of quan-
tum cryptoanalytic attacks, including by grant-
ing funds for the adoption of such standards and 
the 
remediation 
of 
quantum-related 
vulnerabilities. 
‘‘(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Grants awarded to 
entities under this paragraph may be used to 
cover reasonable costs, up to a specified amount 
established by the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology, for activities 
to adopt standards relating to post-quantum 
cryptographic and remediate quantum-related 
vulnerabilities. 
‘‘(C) GUIDANCE.—The Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
may develop, and periodically update, guidance, 
including relating to eligibility, application dis-
closure requirements, grant amount and dura-
tion, and any additional requirements regarding 
the award of grants under this paragraph. 
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‘‘(D) CONSULTATION.—If the program de-
scribed in this paragraph is established, the Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology shall consult with the Director of the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agen-
cy of the Department of Homeland Security, the 
heads of other Sector Risk Management Agencies, 
and appropriate representatives of private sector 
entities, including nonprofit organizations, to 
share information regarding the grant program 
under this paragraph and guidance developed 
and updated under subparagraph (C). 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and Devel-
opment, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 
117–167) for scientific and technical research and services 
laboratory activities, there is authorized to be appropriated 
to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology to carry out this section up to $85,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is 
amended by adding at the end the following new sections: 
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‘‘SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND 
TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, in consultation with 
the heads of other Federal departments and agencies, 
as appropriate, shall carry out a program to establish 
and operate at least one, but not more than three, 
centers to accelerate research, development, deploy-
ment, and standardization of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM DETAILS.— 
‘‘(A) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED PROC-
ESS.—The centers shall be established through a 
competitive, merit-reviewed process. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 
described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to 
the Director of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology an application at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such in-
formation as the Director determines to be ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—Eligible ap-
plicants described in this subparagraph are the 
following: 
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‘‘(i) Institutions of higher education. 
‘‘(ii) Nonprofit organizations. 
‘‘(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations, 
including multiple types of research institu-
tions, private sector entities, Federal labora-
tories, and nonprofit organizations, or a 
consortia thereof. 
‘‘(iv) Any other entity the Director de-
termines appropriate. 
‘‘(3) SELECTION OF TOPICS.—The Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall 
solicit proposals and prioritize the following topics in 
the initial selection of centers, subject to merit-review: 
‘‘(A) Quantum sensing and measurement. 
‘‘(B) Quantum engineering. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable, centers developed, constructed, operated, or main-
tained under this section shall serve the mission of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit 
of the broader United States quantum information science 
community, to develop processes for the following pur-
poses— 
‘‘(1) Advancing research and standardization in 
quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology. 
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‘‘(2) Advancing technology transfer. 
‘‘(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United 
States. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—The Director of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordina-
tion, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activities 
carried out under this section with existing activities of the 
Institute, other activities carried out under this Act, and 
other related programs, as appropriate. 
‘‘(d) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The centers established under 
this section are authorized to carry out activities for 
a period of five years. 
‘‘(2) RENEWAL.—Each center established under 
this section may be renewed for an additional period 
of five years following a successful merit-based review 
by the Director. 
‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au-
thorities of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology may terminate an under-
performing center for cause during the performance 
period. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology shall allocate up to 
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$18,000,000 for each center established under this section 
for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 
carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appro-
priated or otherwise made available to the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology. 
‘‘SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY. 
‘‘The activities authorized under title II shall be ap-
plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova-
tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 
42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 
SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM IN-
FORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDU-
CATION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended— 
(1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘, ENGINEER-
ING, AND TECHNOLOGY’’ after ‘‘SCIENCE’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘science and engineering’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; 
(3) in subsection (b)— 
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(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘science and engi-
neering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘human resources’’ 
and inserting ‘‘education and work-
force’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘science and engi-
neering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) in clause (i)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘science and 
engineering’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; 
(bb) by inserting ‘‘K–12, vo-
cational,’’ before ‘‘undergraduate’’; 
and 
(cc) by striking ‘‘and’’ after 
the semicolon; 
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(II) in clause (ii), by inserting 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; and 
(III) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new clause: 
‘‘(iii) to pursue research at the fron-
tiers of quantum information science, engi-
neering, and technology, and explore solu-
tions to important challenges for the devel-
opment, application, and commercialization 
of quantum technologies;’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 
‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; and 
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘science and engineering’’ and inserting 
‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(v) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(vi) by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) providing infrastructure to support 
academic quantum information science, engi-
neering, and technology, including through exist-
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ing infrastructure programs and new activi-
ties.’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (c) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(c) STUDENT TRAINEESHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND 
OTHER MODELS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of 
Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, 
shall award grants to institutions of higher education 
or eligible nonprofit organizations (or consortia there-
of) to increase capacity and broaden participation, 
including through provisioning of experiential oppor-
tunities, where appropriate, in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology and other related 
disciplines. 
‘‘(2) QUANTUM TRAINEESHIPS.—The Director of 
the National Science Foundation may establish or use 
existing programs to make awards to institutions of 
higher education or nonprofit organizations (or con-
sortia thereof) to provide traineeships to graduate stu-
dents at institutions of higher education within the 
United States who are citizens of the United States 
and who choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral 
degrees in quantum information science, engineering, 
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and technology, or related fields, and by providing 
students with opportunities for research experiences 
in government or industry related to such students’ 
quantum studies. 
‘‘(3) QUANTUM
FELLOWSHIPS
AND
SCHOLAR-
SHIPS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation may establish or use 
existing programs to support fellowships and 
scholarships for students at institutions of higher 
education for the purpose of increasing quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology 
exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM 
students and increasing post-graduation employ-
ment opportunities for STEM students. 
‘‘(B) 
REQUIREMENTS.—Eligible 
partici-
pants in the fellowship and scholarship program 
shall— 
‘‘(i) be enrolled in or have graduated 
from a STEM degree program at a domestic 
institution of higher education; and 
‘‘(ii) have taken at least one quantum- 
science or quantum-relevant course as part 
of their degree programs. 
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‘‘(C) 
CONSIDERATIONS.—Eligible 
fellow-
ships and scholarships may include temporary 
quantum-related positions at State or Federal 
agencies, national laboratories, private sector en-
tities, institutions of higher education, the Quan-
tum Centers and Institute established in sections 
202, 302, 402, and 502, or other quantum-rel-
evant entities, as determined appropriate by the 
Director. 
‘‘(D) COMPETITIVE
AWARDS.—Fellowships 
and scholarships shall be competitively awarded 
through a merit-review process. The Director of 
the National Science Foundation may prioritize 
fellowships that include an industry partner that 
provides financial assistance to the applicant for 
direct or indirect costs. 
‘‘(4) QUANTUM
RESEARCH
EXPERIENCES
FOR 
UNDERGRADUATES.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportuni-
ties for quantum research for undergraduate students 
by encouraging proposals in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, through the re-
search experiences for undergraduates pursuant to 
section 514 of the America COMPETES Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p–6). 
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‘‘(5) CO-OPERATIVE
EDUCATION
PROGRAMS.— 
The Director of the National Science Foundation may 
establish or use existing programs to support coopera-
tive education programs between institutions of high-
er education and employers that increase opportuni-
ties for undergraduate students to acquire experiential 
learning and professional experiences in quantum in-
formation sciences, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(6) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities under this subsection, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation shall encourage awardees 
to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal 
laboratories, industry and other private sector organi-
zations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the 
expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learn-
ing experiences.’’; 
(5) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘QISET’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘information science 
and engineering (referred to in this sub-
section as ‘QISE’)’’ and inserting ‘‘informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology 
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(referred to in this subsection as QISET)’’; 
and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘and career and tech-
nical education entities’’ after ‘‘colleges’’; 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
‘‘, 
engineering, 
and 
technology’’ 
after 
‘‘science’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
‘‘, including those relevant to emerging tech-
nologies, such as artificial intelligence, 
microelectronics, and nano technology’’ after 
‘‘fields’’. 
(iv) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H), 
respectively; 
(v) by inserting after subparagraph 
(D) the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) Informal education methods to en-
hance experiences of students of all ages with 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology concepts and applications.’’; 
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(vi) by inserting after subparagraph 
(F), as so redesignated, the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(G) Methods to introduce security and 
other potential societal dimensions associated 
with quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology into STEM curricula.’’; and 
(vii) in subparagraph (H), as so redes-
ignated, by inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 
technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘QISE’’ 
and inserting ‘‘quantum information science, en-
gineering, and technology’’; and 
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and 
(6) by adding at the end the following new sub-
sections: 
‘‘(e) QUANTUM RESEARCH EXPERIENCES FOR TEACH-
ERS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall seek to increase opportunities to engage educators, 
principals, or other school leaders of K-12 students in pro-
fessional learning opportunities to enhance quantum infor-
mation science, engineering, and technology knowledge, in-
cluding by— 
‘‘(1) providing hands-on training and research 
opportunities for such educators at Federal Labora-
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tories, institutions of higher education, or in indus-
try; and 
‘‘(2) developing best practices. 
‘‘(f) EXPANDING CAPACITY IN QUANTUM INFORMATION 
SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY (QISET).— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of 
Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, 
shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis to eligible institutions of higher education or eli-
gible nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof) to 
increase research capacity, education and infrastruc-
ture capacity, and broaden participation in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology and 
related disciplines, including by— 
‘‘(A) supporting curriculum development in 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology as described in section 301(d) of the 
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 
8841(d)); 
‘‘(B) building upon the activities carried 
out under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders 
Pilot Program authorized under section 10661(f) 
of the Research and Development, Competition, 
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and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167; 42 
U.S.C. 19261(f)); and 
‘‘(C) leveraging the readiness for the in-
volvement of local research and education com-
munities to secure a talent pipeline in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology 
to meet the workforce needs of industry, govern-
ment, and academia. 
‘‘(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiv-
ing an award under this subsection may include in-
stitutions of higher education, nonprofit organiza-
tions, and private sector entities. 
‘‘(3) ELIGIBLE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDU-
CATION DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘eligi-
ble institution of higher education’ means an institu-
tion of higher education, that, according to the data 
published by the National Center for Science and En-
gineering Statistics, is not, on average, among the top 
100 institutions in Federal research and development 
expenditures during the 3- year period prior to the 
year of the award. 
‘‘(4) REQUIREMENTS.—To receive an award 
under this subsection, an eligible institution shall sub-
mit to the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion an application that includes the following: 
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‘‘(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities 
beyond the duration of the award. 
‘‘(B) 
Proposed 
quantum 
information 
science, engineering, and technology disciplines 
and focus areas the eligible institution is pre-
pared to engage in to significantly build up its 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research and education capacity. 
‘‘(C) A plan for education and workforce de-
velopment, which may include K-12 and post- 
secondary education programs and activities, 
workforce training and career and technical edu-
cation programs and activities, undergraduate, 
graduate, and postdoctoral education, and infor-
mal education programs and activities. 
‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—Awards under this subsection 
to support research and related activities may include 
the activities relating to the following: 
‘‘(A) Development or expansion of research 
programs in disciplines and focus areas specified 
in paragraph (4)(B). 
‘‘(B) Faculty recruitment and professional 
development in disciplines and focus areas speci-
fied in paragraph (4)(B). 
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‘‘(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing 
post-baccalaureate students for graduate pro-
grams in quantum information science, engi-
neering, and technology. 
‘‘(D) To build research capacity and infra-
structure at an eligible institution in disciplines 
and focus areas specified in paragraph (4)(B). 
‘‘(E) An assessment of capacity-building 
and research infrastructure needs identified in 
paragraph (4)(B). 
‘‘(F) Administrative research development 
support. 
‘‘(G) Other activities necessary to build re-
search capacity in quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(6) ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS.—In making 
awards under this subsection, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation may also consider the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) The extent to which the eligible appli-
cant will support students from diverse back-
grounds, 
including 
first-generation 
under-
graduate students. 
‘‘(B) The geographic and institutional di-
versity of eligible applicants. 
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‘‘(C) How the eligible applicant can lever-
age public-private partnerships and existing re-
search partnerships with Federal agencies. 
‘‘(7) DUPLICATION.—The Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation shall ensure awards made 
under this subsection are complimentary to and not 
duplicative of existing programs. 
‘‘(g) 
FACULTY
MID-CAREER
DEVELOPMENT 
AWARDS.—The Director of the National Science Founda-
tion may provide awards to support mid-career scientists 
and faculty to upgrade, develop, or acquire essential re-
search instruments to start new research activities, or ex-
pand existing activities, focused on quantum information 
science, engineering and technology. 
‘‘(h) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON QUANTUM INFOR-
MATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, shall 
support international quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, 
to enhance international cooperation and meet United 
States commitments, including as part of the terms 
and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum 
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information science, engineering, and technology re-
search agreements. 
‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion shall ensure alignment with the national Quan-
tum Information Strategy in accordance with Execu-
tive Order 14073 or successor strategies. 
‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—The Director shall prioritize re-
search programs with countries that have signed a 
Quantum Cooperation Statement with the United 
States. 
‘‘(4) RESTRICTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 
funds made available under this section may be 
obligated or expended to an institution of higher 
education that maintains a contract or agree-
ment between such institution and a Confucius 
Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti-
tute. 
‘‘(B) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN AND 
FOREIGN
ENTITY
OF
CONCERN.—None of the 
funds made available under this section may be 
obligated or expended to promote, establish, or fi-
nance quantum research activities between a 
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United States entity and a foreign country of 
concern or foreign entity of concern. 
‘‘(i) UPGRADING AND IMPROVING ACCESS TO QUAN-
TUM RESEARCH RESOURCES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities 
described in this section, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of 
other Federal departments and agencies, as appro-
priate, shall award grants to institutions of higher 
education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or con-
sortia thereof) to upgrade research facilities and im-
prove access to research resources, such as equipment 
and instrumentation, that is needed for research and 
development in quantum information science, engi-
neering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Grants under paragraph (1) 
shall be used to facilitate quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology research and de-
velopment, including by carrying out the following: 
‘‘(A) Upgrading or adding research re-
sources to accelerate the development of quantum 
technologies, including capabilities focused on 
addressing the roadblocks to implementation, 
and meet the materials, advanced materials de-
velopment, high performance computing, hetero-
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geneous computing, networking, software, data, 
clean room, and device needs of the scientific 
community and the quantum supply chain. 
‘‘(B) Enhancing access to equipment and 
instrumentation, including at partnering insti-
tutions, by facilitating information sharing, co-
ordination, scheduling, education, and training, 
including activities that provide meaningful 
hands-on learning experiences for students, in-
cluding at community and technical colleges. 
‘‘(C) Enabling professional staff to support 
the operation and improvement of research re-
sources used for quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(3) REQUIREMENTS.—An institution of higher 
education or an eligible nonprofit organization (or a 
consortium thereof) and industry partners seeking 
funding under this subsection shall submit to the Di-
rector of the National Science Foundation an applica-
tion at such time, in such manner, and containing 
such information as the Director may require. 
‘‘(j) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated to the National Science Foundation pursuant to 
section 10303 of the Research and Development, Competi-
tion, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167) for re-
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search and related activities, there is authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion to carry out this section up to $141,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RE-
SEARCH AND EDUCATION. 
Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8842) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘5’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘10’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘basic’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘science 
and engineering’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and en-
gineering’’ and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and 
technology, including leveraging or expanding 
activities 
established 
pursuant 
to 
section 
301(d)’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘quantum science’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology’’; 
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(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 
‘‘health,’’ after ‘‘chemistry,’’; 
(C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ‘‘, 
including how each participant will develop and 
implement outreach activities to increase the 
participation of women and other students from 
groups historically underrepresented in STEM’’ 
before the semicolon; 
(D) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(E) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(F) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) how the Center will participate in 
international collaborations, as appropriate, to 
build a trusted global research network with al-
lies and partners of the United States and other 
countries that share values with the United 
States, including respect for international norms 
of fair competition.’’; 
(4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) 
to read as follows: 
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‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may reapply 
for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol-
lowing a successful, merit-based review.’’; and 
(5) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘2019 through 
2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2024 through 2028’’. 
SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK-
FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 
Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new sections: 
‘‘SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORK-
FORCE (QREW) COORDINATION HUB. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in consultation with the Director of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant Federal 
departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall make an 
award to a consortium led by an institution of higher edu-
cation or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a 
Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordina-
tion Hub (in this section referred to as the ‘Hub’). 
‘‘(b) CONSORTIUM.—The Hub established pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall include not fewer than four institutions 
of higher education, including not fewer than two commu-
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nity colleges, and may include career and technical schools, 
nonprofit organizations, and private sector entities. 
‘‘(c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Hub shall be to— 
‘‘(1) identify and address cross-cutting workforce 
development challenges in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, and the quan-
tum industry, by serving as a national and regional 
clearinghouse; and 
‘‘(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to 
disseminate to institutions of higher education and 
career and technical education entities model cur-
ricula, best practices, and instructional materials. 
‘‘(d) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the Hub may in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, dissemi-
nating, and standardizing materials, methods, best 
practices, and other outputs developed through activi-
ties under this Act. 
‘‘(2) Increasing the integration of quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology con-
tent into STEM curricula at all education levels, in-
cluding career and technical education programs. 
‘‘(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree 
students to provide feedback on quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology curricula. 
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‘‘(4) Facilitating post-education employment op-
portunities and workforce pathways for STEM degree 
recipients in quantum-related industries, including 
by 
facilitating 
opportunities 
for 
internships, 
externships, fellowships, and other such activities as 
determined by the Director, including through the es-
tablishment of a publicly accessible online portal. 
‘‘(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and 
nonprofit entities and small and medium-sized busi-
nesses and startups to inform and enhance the quality 
and availability of quantum education in STEM de-
gree programs, including through the promotion of 
post-graduation opportunities for STEM students 
outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum 
industries. 
‘‘(6) Supporting activities and programs to en-
hance the recruitment of students from groups histori-
cally underrepresented in STEM to pursue under-
graduate and graduate studies in quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and co-
ordinating career development programs and strate-
gies for pre-university and university educators for 
the purpose of increasing the number of quantum-in-
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formed educators at all levels of education, including 
by carrying out the following: 
‘‘(A) Hosting career development workshops. 
‘‘(B) Developing in-house and distance 
learning career development tools for public use. 
‘‘(C) Facilitating access to related quantum 
technology, tools, and resources. 
‘‘(D) Developing training, research, and 
professional development programs, including in-
novative pre-service and in-service programs. 
‘‘(E) Facilitating relationships with State 
and local entities to increase awareness of and 
promote quantum-related career development ac-
tivities at the Hub. 
‘‘(8) Establishing a framework for performing 
ongoing regular data collection and analysis for the 
quantum workforce to report on trends, and perform 
other activities that expand the understanding of the 
current and future needs of the quantum industry, 
and education capacity or readiness of the quantum 
workforce. Such activities shall complement or align 
with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM 
workforce studies under section 10661(d) of the Re-
search and Development, Competition, and Innova-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)). 
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‘‘(9) Facilitating public education and outreach 
activities to enhance the understanding and aware-
ness of quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology to a boarder community to satisfy 
broader impact requirements of award applications. 
‘‘(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum 
education in the broader STEM community. 
‘‘(e) QREW QUANTUM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.—Sub-
ject to the restrictions outlined in subsection (c) of section 
301, the Hub may support education or policy fellowships 
for students at entities participating in the consortium 
under subsection (a) or at other research centers established 
pursuant to this Act at the National Science Foundation, 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the De-
partment of Energy, or the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, for the purpose of supporting the activities 
described in subsection (d). 
‘‘(f) INDUSTRY COORDINATION.—The Hub shall col-
laborate with the Quantum Consortium established in sec-
tion 201(b) or other industry consortia to identify, publish, 
facilitate, or enable quantum-related education and work-
force development opportunities as described in subsections 
(c) and (d). 
‘‘(g) APPLICATION.—A consortium seeking funding 
under this section shall submit to the Director of the Na-
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tional Science Foundation an application at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information as the Di-
rector may require. Each application shall include a de-
scription of how the consortium shall carry out the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and 
fulfill the purposes of the Hub. 
‘‘(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling 
the purposes of the Hub. 
‘‘(3) Collaborate with other members of the con-
sortium to share expertise in integrating quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology into 
existing STEM programs and other relevant fields 
and disciplines. 
‘‘(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce 
development in the quantum field. 
‘‘(5) Develop and implement outreach activities 
to increase the participation of women and other stu-
dents from groups historically underrepresented in 
STEM. 
‘‘(h) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Hub established under 
this section is authorized to carry out activities for a 
period of 5 years. 
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‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may reapply 
for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years fol-
lowing a successful, merit-based review. 
‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au-
thorities of the National Science Foundation, the Di-
rector of the National Science Foundation may termi-
nate the Hub if it is underperforming during the per-
formance period. 
‘‘(i) COORDINATION.—The Hub shall coordinate with 
other research centers established under this Act at the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology, the Department of Energy, the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other 
relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and 
resources. 
‘‘(j) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall allocate up to $10,000,000 for the Hub 
for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 
carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appro-
priated or otherwise made available to the National Science 
Foundation. 
‘‘SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Na-
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tional Science Foundation, in coordination with the Direc-
tor of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal 
agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, shall make awards on a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, Federally Funded Research 
and Development Centers, or consortia thereof, to establish 
not more than five testbeds for quantum applications re-
search and development. 
‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—The quantum testbeds established 
under subsection (a) shall focus on advancing research and 
development for near-term and medium-term quantum ap-
plication use cases by providing accessible research re-
sources to academia and industry for developing and testing 
such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing, 
demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping. 
‘‘(c) APPLICATION PROPOSALS.—An applicant for an 
award under this section shall submit to the Director a pro-
posal at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Director may reasonably require. The 
proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following: 
‘‘(1) How the applicant will assemble a work-
force, including from populations that are historically 
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underrepresented in STEM, with the skills needed to 
operate a quantum testbed. 
‘‘(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access 
to a quantum testbed, including for start-ups and 
small businesses. 
‘‘(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after 
Federal funding has ended. 
‘‘(d) PRIORITIZATION.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall prioritize the following: 
‘‘(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 per-
cent of the cost for a testbed awarded under this sec-
tion is provided by private or non-Federal entities, 
including in-kind contributions. 
‘‘(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum 
industry participation. 
‘‘(e) ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director of 
the National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the 
following: 
‘‘(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes 
from each quantum testbed established under this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to 
enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to 
be appropriately taken up by such agencies in align-
ment with the missions of such agencies. 
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‘‘(3) Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this section and every two years there-
after until December 31, 2030, briefing the appro-
priate committees of Congress on the status of such 
quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for 
improving such quantum testbeds. 
‘‘(f) 
COORDINATION.—In 
establishing 
quantum 
testbeds under this section, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other 
testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quan-
tum technology and infrastructure supported by the Na-
tional Science Foundation, including those authorized pur-
suant to section 10390 of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117–167; 42 
U.S.C. 10990), or by other Federal agencies as determined 
appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and 
maximize use of Federal resources. 
‘‘(g) STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION.—In carrying 
out this section, the Director of the National Science Foun-
dation shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium es-
tablished pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the pur-
poses of the quantum testbeds program described in sub-
section (b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with in-
dustry stakeholders. The Director may also engage with Na-
tional Laboratories, federally funded research and develop-
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ment centers, industry, and other members of the United 
States quantum ecosystem. 
‘‘(h) GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY.—The Director shall en-
sure regional and geographic diversity in issuing awards 
under this section. 
‘‘(i) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall allocate up to $50,000,000 for the quan-
tum testbeds under this section for each fiscal years 2024 
through 2028, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
Amounts made available to carry out this section shall be 
derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made 
available to the National Science Foundation. 
‘‘SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY. 
‘‘The activities authorized under title III shall be ap-
plied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of 
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova-
tion Act (enacted as division B of Public Law 117–167; 
42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).’’. 
SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMA-
TION SCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8851) is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol-
lows: 
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‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
carry out a research, development, and demonstration pro-
gram on quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, engi-
neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), 
and (5) as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respec-
tively; 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(3) operate National Quantum Information 
Science Research Centers to accelerate and scale up 
scientific and technical breakthroughs in quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology, and 
maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for quantum 
researchers and industry partners, in accordance with 
section 402; 
‘‘(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and other research institutions to facilitate the 
development and demonstration of quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology, including 
in the fields of— 
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‘‘(L) quantum biology; 
‘‘(M) superconductive and high-performance 
microelectronics; and 
‘‘(N) quantum security technologies;’’; 
(D) by amending paragraph (5), as so re-
designated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(5) provide research experiences and training 
for additional undergraduate and graduate students 
in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, including in the fields specified in para-
graph (4);’’; 
(E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated— 
(i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) 
as subparagraph (J); and 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(E) the following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(F) the Office of Electricity; 
‘‘(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Se-
curity, and Emergency Response; 
‘‘(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Car-
bon Management; 
‘‘(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; 
and’’; 
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(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking the period and inserting ‘‘and other rel-
evant efforts as defined by the Secretary of En-
ergy; and’’; and 
(G) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and 
data, including experience and resources from exist-
ing Federal research activities and commercially- 
available quantum computing hardware and software 
to the extent practicable.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) QUANTUM
HIGH
PERFORMANCE
COMPUTING 
STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of Energy 
shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-year stra-
tegic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expand-
ing, commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high perform-
ance computing systems featuring the ability to integrate 
a diverse set of resources, including artificial intelligence 
and machine learning, accelerated by quantum supercom-
puters to enable the Department of Energy’s computing fa-
cilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such 
strategic plan shall include the following: 
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‘‘(1) A conceptual plan to leverage capabilities 
and infrastructure from the exascale computing pro-
gram, as the Secretary of Energy determines nec-
essary. 
‘‘(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the ad-
vanced scientific computing workforce. 
‘‘(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum 
computing modalities. 
‘‘(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commer-
cially available quantum hardware and software to 
complement on-premises high performance computing 
systems and resources consistent with the QUEST 
program under section 404. 
‘‘(5) Implement the plan developed under this 
section. 
‘‘(d) INDUSTRY OUTREACH.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall 
support the quantum technology industry and promote com-
mercialization of applications of quantum technology rel-
evant to the Department’s activities by carrying out the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) Educating— 
‘‘(A) the energy industry on near term and 
commercially available quantum technologies; 
and 
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‘‘(B) the quantum industry on potential en-
ergy applications. 
‘‘(2) Accelerating the advancements of United 
States quantum computing, communications, net-
working, sensing, and security capabilities to protect 
and optimize the energy sector. 
‘‘(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains, 
manufacturing capabilities, and associated simula-
tions or modeling capabilities. 
‘‘(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum 
technologies from National Laboratories and engaging 
with the Quantum Consortium established pursuant 
to section 201(b) and other organizations, as applica-
ble, to transition component technologies to help fa-
cilitate, as appropriate, the development of a quan-
tum supply chain. 
‘‘(5) Where appropriate, promoting participa-
tion by small and medium-sized businesses and 
startups. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science 
pursuant to section 317 of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act, there is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under 
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this section up to $130,000,000 for each fiscal years 2024 
through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 
PROGRAM. 
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 
401 the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRU-
MENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall es-
tablish a quantum instrumentation and infrastructure 
foundry program to carry out the following: 
‘‘(1) Maintain United States leadership in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains. 
‘‘(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 
community. 
‘‘(4) Support activities carried out under sec-
tions 401, 403, and 404. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the 
program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall 
design, build, develop, purchase, and commercialize special-
ized equipment, laboratory infrastructure, and state-of-the- 
art instrumentation to advance quantum engineering re-
search and the development of quantum component tech-
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