IIB 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2635 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
SEPTEMBER 3, 2025 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 
AN ACT 
To support the human rights of Uyghurs and members of 
other minority groups residing primarily in the Xinjiang 
Uyghur Autonomous Region and safeguard their distinct 
identity, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Uyghur Policy Act of 
2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The People’s Republic of China (PRC) con-
tinues to repress the distinct Islamic, Turkic identity 
of Uyghurs and members of other ethnic and reli-
gious minority groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Au-
tonomous Region (XUAR) in northwestern China 
and other areas of their habitual residence. 
(2) Uyghurs, and other predominantly Muslim 
ethnic minorities historically making up the majority 
of the XUAR population, have maintained through-
out their history a distinct religious and cultural 
identity. 
(3) Human rights, including freedom of religion 
or belief, and respect for the Uyghurs’ unique Mus-
lim identity are legitimate interests of the inter-
national community. 
(4) The PRC has ratified the International 
Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, 
and is thereby bound by its provisions. The PRC has 
also signed the International Covenant on Civil and 
Political Rights. 
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(5) An official campaign to encourage Han Chi-
nese migration into the XUAR has placed immense 
pressure on those who seek to preserve the ethnic, 
cultural, religious, and linguistic traditions of the 
Uyghurs and other ethnic and religious minority 
groups. 
(6) PRC authorities have supported an influx of 
Han Chinese economic immigrants into the XUAR, 
implemented discrimination against Uyghurs and 
other minorities in hiring practices, and provided un-
equal access to healthcare services. 
(7) PRC authorities have manipulated the stra-
tegic objectives of the international war on terror to 
mask their increasing cultural and religious oppres-
sion of the Muslim population residing in the 
XUAR. 
(8) Following unrest in the region, in 2014, 
Chinese authorities launched their ‘‘Strike Hard 
against Violent Extremism’’ campaign, in which du-
bious allegations of widespread extremist activity 
were used as justification for gross human rights 
violations committed against Uyghurs and members 
of other minority communities in the XUAR. 
(9) PRC authorities have made use of the legal 
system as a tool of repression, including for the im-
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position of arbitrary detentions and for torture 
against members of the Uyghur community and 
other minority populations. 
(10) Uyghurs and Kazakhs who have secured 
citizenship or permanent residency outside of the 
PRC have attested to repeated threats, harassment, 
and surveillance by PRC officials. 
(11) Reporting from international news organi-
zations has found that over the past decade, family 
members of Uyghurs and other minority groups liv-
ing outside of the PRC have gone missing or been 
detained to force Uyghur expatriates to return to 
the PRC or silence their dissent. 
(12) In 2017, Radio Free Asia’s Uyghur Serv-
ice was the first media organization to report on the 
PRC’s vast, mass arbitrary-detention program in the 
XUAR in 2017. 
(13) Credible evidence from human rights orga-
nizations, think tanks, and journalists confirms that 
more than 1,000,000 Uyghurs and members of other 
ethnic minority groups have been imprisoned in 
extrajudicial ‘‘political reeducation’’ centers. 
(14) Independent accounts from former detain-
ees of ‘‘political reeducation’’ centers describe inhu-
mane conditions and treatment including forced po-
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litical indoctrination, torture, beatings, rape, forced 
sterilization, and food deprivation. 
(15) Former detainees also confirmed that they 
were told by guards that the only way to secure re-
lease was to demonstrate sufficient political loyalty 
to the PRC Government. 
(16) Popular discourse surrounding the ongoing 
atrocities in the XUAR and advocacy efforts to as-
sist Uyghurs remains muted in most Muslim major-
ity nations around the world. 
(17) Former Secretary of States Antony 
Blinken and Michael Pompeo and Secretary of State 
Marco Rubio confirmed that the PRC Government 
has committed genocide and crimes against human-
ity against Uyghurs and other ethnic and religious 
minorities in the XUAR. 
(18) Government bodies of multiple nations 
have also declared that PRC Government’s atrocities 
against such populations in the XUAR constitute 
genocide, including the parliaments of the United 
Kingdom, Belgium, Czechia, Lithuania, the Nether-
lands, and Canada. 
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the Sense of Congress that— 
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(1) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China should immediately open the Xinjiang Uyghur 
Autonomous Region (XUAR) to regular, trans-
parent, and unmanipulated visits by members of the 
press, international organizations including the Of-
fice of the United Nations High Commissioner for 
Human Rights, academic and human rights research 
institutions, as well as foreign delegations including 
from the United States Congress; 
(2) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China should recognize, and take tangible steps to 
protect and preserve, the distinct ethnic, cultural, re-
ligious, and linguistic identity of Uyghurs and mem-
bers of other ethnic and religious minority groups in 
the XUAR; 
(3) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China should cease all government-sponsored crack-
downs, imprisonments, and detentions of people 
throughout the XUAR aimed at repressing their eth-
nic, cultural, political, or religious identities; 
(4) the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China 
should 
cease 
all 
government-sponsored 
transnational repression of Uyghurs, including the 
detainment, harassment, intimidation, and surveil-
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