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the Attorney General that the absence will be for a purpose described
by clause (2) of this subsection; and
(4) the individual satisfies the Attorney General that the absence
was for the purpose for which the absence was approved.
(b) PHYSICAL PRESENCE.—(1) Except as provided by paragraph (2) of
this subsection, an individual satisfying subsection (a) of this section still
must satisfy the physical presence requirement of section 20301(a)(4) of
this title.
(2) An individual employed by or under a contract with the Government
and satisfying subsection (a) of this section does not have to satisfy the
physical presence requirement of section 20301(a)(4) of this title.
(3) An individual employed by or under a contract with the Central Intel-
ligence Agency may satisfy the physical presence requirement of subsection
(a)(1) of this section by physical presence at any time before filing the ap-
plication for naturalization.
(c) SPOUSES, UNMARRIED SONS, AND UNMARRIED DAUGHTERS.—A
spouse, unmarried son, or unmarried daughter of an individual satisfying
subsection (a) of this section is entitled to the same benefits under sub-
section (a) as the individual during the period the spouse, son, or daughter
resided outside the United States as a dependent member of the household
of the individual.
§ 20303. Temporary absences to perform religious functions
An individual temporarily absent from the United States is deemed to be
residing and physically present in the United States under section
20301(a)(3), (4), and (6) of this title during the absence if the individual—
(1) has resided and been physically present in the United States,
after being lawfully admitted for permanent residence, continuously for
at least one year before filing the application for naturalization;
(2)(A) is authorized to perform the ministerial or priestly functions
of a religious denomination having an organization in the United
States; or
(B) is serving only as a missionary, brother, nun, or sister of a reli-
gious denomination or an interdenominational mission organization
having an organization in the United States; and
(3) satisfies the Attorney General that the absence was only to per-
form the functions or service described by clause (2) of this section.
§ 20304. Individuals married to citizens of the United States
(a) GENERAL.—An individual married to a citizen of the United States
may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(3) or (4) of this title
if the individual—
296
(1) resided in the United States, after being lawfully admitted for
permanent residence, continuously for at least 3 years immediately be-
fore filing the application for naturalization;
(2) lived in marriage with the citizen spouse for the 3-year period,
with the spouse being a citizen during all of that period; and
(3) was physically present in the United States for at least half of
the 3-year period.
(b) CITIZEN SPOUSES EMPLOYED OUTSIDE UNITED STATES.—An indi-
vidual married to a citizen of the United States may be naturalized without
regard to section 20301(a)(3)–(6) of this title if—
(1) the citizen spouse is—
(A) employed by the United States Government;
(B) employed by a United States research institution recognized
by the Attorney General;
(C) employed by a United States firm or corporation developing
foreign trade and commerce of the United States or by a subsidi-
ary of the firm or corporation;
(D) employed by a public international organization of which
the United States is a member by treaty or law;
(E) authorized to perform the ministerial or priestly functions
of a religious denomination having an organization in the United
States; or
(F) serving only as a missionary of a religious denomination or
an interdenominational mission organization having an organiza-
tion in the United States;
(2) the citizen spouse is regularly stationed outside the United States
in the employment or activity described by clause (1) of this subsection;
(3) the individual declares in good faith to the Attorney General an
intention to reside in the United States immediately after the employ-
ment or activity of the citizen spouse outside the United States ends;
and
(4) the individual is in the United States at the time of naturaliza-
tion.
(c) SURVIVING SPOUSES OF CITIZENS IN ARMED FORCES.—(1) An indi-
vidual may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(3)–(6) of this
title if—
(A) the individual is the surviving spouse of a citizen of the United
States who died when serving honorably on active duty in the armed
forces of the United States; and
(B) the individual and the citizen spouse were living in marriage at
the time of the death.
297
(2) This subsection does not apply to an individual who is the surviving
spouse of a citizen granted citizenship posthumously under section 20314
of this title.
§ 20305. Children born of an alien parent and a citizen par-
ent
(a) GENERAL.—A child born outside the United States, one of whose par-
ents at the time of the child’s birth was an alien and the other of whose
parents at the time of the child’s birth was a citizen of the United States
and remains a citizen, is naturalized as a citizen of the United States when
the following events occur, if they occur before the child becomes 18 years
of age:
(1) the alien parent is naturalized.
(2) the child begins residing in the United States after being lawfully
admitted for permanent residence.
(b) ADOPTED CHILD.—Subsection (a) of this section applies to an adopt-
ed child only if the child, at the time of the naturalization of the alien par-
ent, is—
(1) in the custody of the adoptive parents; and
(2) residing in the United States after being lawfully admitted for
permanent residence.
§ 20306. Children born of alien parents or a parent who lost
citizenship
(a) GENERAL.—A child born outside the United States of alien parents,
or of one alien parent and one parent who was a citizen of the United
States at the time of the child’s birth but later lost citizenship, is natural-
ized as a citizen of the United States when the following events occur, if
they before the child becomes 18 years of age:
(1)(A) both parents are naturalized;
(B) the surviving parent is naturalized if one parent is deceased;
(C) the parent with legal custody is naturalized if the parents are
legally separated; or
(D) the mother is naturalized if the child was born out of wedlock
and paternity is not established by legitimation.
(2) the child begins residing in the United States after being lawfully
admitted for permanent residence.
(b) ADOPTED CHILD.—Subsection (a) of this section applies to an adopt-
ed child only if the child, at the time of the naturalization of the alien par-
ent or parents, is—
(1) in the custody of the adoptive parents; and
(2) residing in the United States after being lawfully admitted for
permanent residence.
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§ 20307. Children having a citizen parent at time of applica-
tion
(a) GENERAL.—A child born outside the United States, one or both of
whose parents is a citizen of the United States at the time the citizen par-
ent files an application for naturalization of the child, may be naturalized
without regard to section 20301(a)(3), (4), or (6)–(8) of this title if the
child is—
(1) less than 18 years of age; and
(2) residing in the United States with that citizen parent after being
lawfully admitted for permanent residence.
(b) CHILD OF TENDER YEARS.—A child of tender years for whom an ap-
plication is filed under subsection (a) of this section is deemed to satisfy
section 20301(a)(9) of this title.
(c) ADOPTED CHILD.—(1) This section applies to an adopted child only
if the child is also in the custody of the adoptive parent or parents.
(2) An adopted child whose parent applies for naturalization of the child
under this section may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(5)
of this title if—
(A) the adoptive citizen parent—
(i) is regularly stationed outside the United States in an em-
ployment or activity described by section 20304(b)(1) of this title;
and
(ii) declares in good faith to the Attorney General an intention
to reside in the United States immediately after the employment
or activity ends; and
(B) the child is in the United States at the time of naturalization.
§ 20308. Children adopted before becoming 16 years of age
by a citizen parent
A child born outside the United States and adopted by a citizen of the
United States may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a) of this
title, on application by the adoptive citizen parent, if the Attorney General
is satisfied that—
(1) the applicant is a citizen of the United States, and if the appli-
cant is married, the applicant’s spouse is a citizen of the United States;
(2) the child was adopted before becoming 16 years of age by a citi-
zen parent;
(3) the child is less than 18 years of age;
(4) the child is in the custody of the applicant;
(5) the child is residing in the United States after being lawfully ad-
mitted for permanent residence; and
(6) the child is in the United States at the time of naturalization.
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§ 20309. Individuals employed by United States nonprofit or-
ganizations disseminating information
An individual may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(3)–
(6) of this title if the individual—
(1) is employed by a nonprofit organization incorporated in the Unit-
ed States that is principally engaged outside the United States in dis-
seminating, through communication media, information significantly
promoting United States interests outside the United States and that
is recognized by the Attorney General;
(2) has been employed by the organization continuously for at least
5 years after being lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(3) files the application for naturalization when employed by the or-
ganization or within 6 months after ending the employment;
(4) is in the United States at the time of naturalization; and
(5) declares in good faith to the Attorney General an intention to
reside in the United States immediately after the employment ends.
§ 20310. Individuals making extraordinary contributions to
the security of the United States
(a) RESIDENCE AND PHYSICAL PRESENCE.—(1) An individual may be
naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(3)–(6) of this title if—
(A) the Director of Central Intelligence, the Attorney General, and
the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization decide that the
individual has made an extraordinary contribution to the security of the
United States or to the conduct of United States intelligence activities;
and
(B) the individual resides in the United States continuously for at
least one year before being naturalized.
(2) This section does not apply to an individual described by section
6537(e)(2) of this title.
(b) NONAPPLICATION OF CERTAIN GROUNDS OF INELIGIBILITY.—Section
20331 of this title does not apply to an individual described by subsection
(a) of this section.
(c) PROCEDURE.—A proceeding under this section shall be conducted in
a way consistent with the protection of intelligence sources, methods, and
activities.
(d) NUMERICAL LIMIT.—Not more than 5 individuals may be naturalized
in a fiscal year under this section.
(e) NOTICE TO CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The Director shall in-
form the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on the Judici-
ary of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and
300
the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives within a
reasonable time before an application is filed under this section.
§ 20311. Individuals with service on American vessels
(a) DEFINITION.—In this section, ‘‘American vessel’’ means a vessel
that—
(1) is owned and operated by the United States Government; or
(2)(A) has its home port in the United States; and
(B)(i) is documented under chapter 121 of title 46; or
(ii) is owned by a citizen of the United States or a corporation orga-
nized under the laws of a State.
(b) RESIDENCE AND PHYSICAL PRESENCE.—An individual serving honor-
ably or with good conduct in any capacity (except as a member of the armed
forces of the United States) on an American vessel is deemed to be residing
and physically present in the United States under section 20301(a)(3), (4),
and (6) of this title during the period of service if the service is—
(1) after the individual has been lawfully admitted for permanent
residence; and
(2) within 5 years immediately before the date the individual files
an application for naturalization.
(c) PROOF OF SERVICE ON VESSEL.—Service on a vessel described by
subsection (a)(1) of this section shall be proved by a certificate from the
executive agency having custody of the records of the service. Service on a
vessel described by subsection (a)(2) of this section may be proved by a cer-
tificate from the master of the vessel.
§ 20312. Individuals with 3 years of service in the armed
forces
(a) RESIDENCE AND PHYSICAL PRESENCE.—(1) Except as provided by
paragraph (2) of this subsection, an individual may be naturalized without
regard to section 20301(a)(3)–(5) of this title if the individual—
(A) has served honorably in the armed forces of the United States
for periods totaling at least 3 years;
(B) has never been discharged from the service except honorably;
and
(C) files an application for naturalization when still in the service or
within 6 months after being discharged from the service.
(2) If the service was not continuous, the individual must establish the
individual’s residence in the United States and the State or district of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service in the United States in which the
application is filed for—
(A) any period between periods of service during the 5 years imme-
diately before filing the application; and
301
(B) any period between the end of the individual’s service and the
filing of the application.
(b) PROOF OF HONORABLE SERVICE.—(1) Before a hearing on the indi-
vidual’s application, the individual shall provide the Attorney General with
a certificate from the appropriate executive agency showing that—
(A) the individual served honorably during all periods on which the
individual relies for naturalization under this section; and
(B) the individual has never been discharged from the service except
honorably.
(2) A certificate under paragraph (1) of this subsection is conclusive evi-
dence of the service and discharge.
(c) PROOF OF GOOD MORAL CHARACTER, ATTACHMENT TO PRINCIPLES,
AND FAVORABLE DISPOSITION.—Proof of honorable service under this sec-
tion is proof that the individual was of good moral character, attached to
the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and well disposed
to the good order and happiness of the United States during the period of
the service.
(d) EFFECT OF FINDING OF DEPORTABILITY.—Notwithstanding section
20504(b) of this title, an individual may be naturalized immediately under
this section if the individual is in the armed forces when being naturalized
and was examined by a representative of the Immigration and Naturaliza-
tion Service before filing an application for naturalization.
(e) APPLICATIONS FILED MORE THAN 6 MONTHS AFTER DISCHARGE.—
An individual who satisfies subsection (a)(1) (A) and (B) of this section,
but files an application for naturalization more than 6 months after being
discharged, is deemed to be residing and physically present in the United
States during any periods of service within 5 years immediately before filing
the application.
§ 20313. Individuals with service in the armed forces during
war or military hostilities
(a) GENERAL.—Notwithstanding sections 20316 and 20504(b) of this
title, an individual may be naturalized without regard to section
20301(a)(1)–(6) of this title if—
(1) the individual served honorably on active duty in the armed
forces of the United States as an alien or as a national, but not a citi-
zen, of the United States at any time during a period—
(A) from April 6, 1917, through November 11, 1918;
(B) from September 1, 1939, through December 31, 1946;
(C) from June 25, 1950, through July 1, 1955;
(D) from February 28, 1961, through October 15, 1978; or
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(E) the President designates by executive order as a period in
which the armed forces are engaged in military operations involv-
ing armed conflict with a hostile foreign force;
(2) the individual was—
(A) in the United States or American Samoa at the time of en-
listment or induction into the armed forces;
(B) in the Canal Zone at the time of enlistment or induction
if the enlistment or induction was before October 1, 1979; or
(C) lawfully admitted for permanent residence after the enlist-
ment or induction; and
(3) the individual, if discharged from the armed forces, was dis-
charged honorably.
(b) SERVICE IN REGULAR ARMY UNDER THE ACT OF JUNE 30, 1950.—
(1) Notwithstanding sections 20316 and 20504(b) of this title, an individual
may be naturalized without regard to section 20301(a)(1) or (3)–(6) of this
title if the individual—
(A) enlisted or re-enlisted as an alien in the Regular Army under
the Act of June 30, 1950 (ch. 443, 64 Stat. 316);
(B) served at least 5 years in the Regular Army; and
(C) was discharged honorably from the Regular Army.
(2) An individual described by paragraph (1) of this subsection is deemed
to have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence if the individual—
(A) entered the United States, American Samoa, or the Canal Zone
under military orders after enlistment; and
(B) is otherwise eligible to be naturalized.
(c) PERIOD OF SERVICE AVAILABLE ONLY ONCE.—A period of service
in the armed forces may not be used as the basis for naturalization under
this section if the individual has been naturalized previously because of the
same period of service.
(d) PROOF OF HONORABLE SERVICE AND DISCHARGE.—Service required
by this section shall be proved by a certificate from the executive agency
under which the individual served. The head of the executive agency shall
decide, and the certificate shall state, whether the individual served honor-
ably on active duty during a period specified in this section and was dis-
charged honorably. An individual’s service and discharge are not honorable
under this section if the individual was discharged from the armed forces
because of alienage or was a conscientious objector who performed no active
duty or refused to wear the uniform.
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§ 20314. Posthumous naturalization of individuals who die
during service in the armed forces during war or
military hostilities
(a) GRANTING CITIZENSHIP.—The Attorney General shall grant post-
humous citizenship, as of the time of death, to an eligible individual under
subsection (b) of this section if the Attorney General approves a request for
posthumous citizenship for the individual under subsection (c) of this sec-
tion.
(b) ELIGIBILITY.—(1) An individual is eligible for posthumous citizenship
under this section if the individual—
(A) served honorably on active duty in the armed forces of the Unit-
ed States as an alien or as a national, but not a citizen, of the United
States during any period described by section 20313(a)(1) of this title;
(B) died as a result of injury or disease incurred in or aggravated
by that service; and
(C) satisfied the requirements of section 20313(a)(2) of this title.
(2) The head of the executive agency under which the individual served
shall decide whether the individual satisfied the requirements of paragraph
(1) (A) and (B) of this subsection.
(c) REQUESTS.—A request to grant posthumous citizenship to an individ-
ual under this section may be filed only by an individual who is, as defined
by the Attorney General, the next of kin or another representative. The At-
torney General shall approve the request if—
(1) the request is filed not later than 2 years after the date of the
individual’s death;
(2) the request includes a certificate from the executive agency under
which the individual served stating that the individual satisfied the re-
quirements of subsection (b) (1) (A) and (B) of this section; and
(3) the Attorney General finds that the individual satisfied the re-
quirements of subsection (b)(1)(C) of this section.
(d) DOCUMENTATION.—If the Attorney General approves a request under
this section, the Attorney General shall provide the individual who filed the
request with a document stating that the United States Government consid-
ers the individual for whom the request was filed to have been a citizen of
the United States at the time of the individual’s death.
(e) NO BENEFITS TO SURVIVORS.—The granting of posthumous citizen-
ship to an individual under this section does not provide any benefits under
this title for any relative of the individual.
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§ 20315. Individuals who lost citizenship by entering the
armed forces of a foreign country
(a) GENERAL.—An individual may be naturalized without regard to sec-
tion 20301(a)(3)–(6) or (9) of this title if—
(1) the individual, when a citizen of the United States, served in the
armed forces of a foreign country at any time during the period from
September 1, 1939, through September 2, 1945;
(2) that foreign country was at war with a foreign country with
which the United States was at war after December 7, 1941, and be-
fore September 2, 1945;
(3) the individual lost citizenship of the United States by entering,
serving in, or taking an oath or obligation to enter or serve in, those
armed forces;
(4) the individual intends to reside permanently in the United
States; and
(5) the individual has been of good moral character, attached to the
principles of the Constitution, and well disposed to the good order and
happiness of the United States for at least 5 years immediately before
taking the oath required for naturalization.
(b) PREVIOUS STATUS REACQUIRED.—An individual naturalized under
this section or section 323 of the Nationality Act of 1940 has, from the date
of naturalization, the same status as a citizen at birth or a naturalized citi-
zen that the individual had before losing citizenship. Naturalization of the
individual does not confer citizenship retroactively on the individual for the
period that the individual was not a citizen of the United States.
(c) NONAPPLICATION TO CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS.—This section does not
apply to an individual who served in the armed forces of a foreign country
at any time during the period from September 1, 1939, through September
2, 1945, when that country was at war with the United States.
§ 20316. Alien enemies
(a) WHEN INDIVIDUAL IS ALIEN ENEMY.—In this section, an alien
enemy is an individual who is a native, citizen, subject, or denizen of a
country or sovereignty at war with the United States. That individual ceases
to be an alien enemy when the hostilities between the United States and
the individual’s country or sovereignty are declared ended by proclamation
of the President or concurrent resolution of Congress.
(b) SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION.—An alien enemy may
be naturalized as a citizen of the United States only if—
(1) the alien enemy’s application for naturalization was filed before
the war began, except that the Attorney General may waive this re-
quirement;
305
(2) the alien enemy’s loyalty is established on investigation by the
Attorney General; and
(3) the alien enemy is otherwise eligible to be naturalized.
(c) NOTICE AND CONTINUANCE.—An examination or hearing on an alien
enemy’s application for naturalization may be held only after 90 days’ notice
to the Attorney General. If the Attorney General objects to consideration
of the application, the application shall be continued for as long as the At-
torney General requires.
(d) LAWFUL APPREHENSION
AND REMOVAL ALLOWED.—This section
does not prevent the lawful apprehension and removal of an alien enemy.
§ 20317. Women who lost citizenship through marriage
(a) GENERAL.—(1) A woman may be naturalized without regard to sec-
tion 20301(a)(3)–(6) of this title if she—
(A) lost citizenship of the United States—
(i) by marrying an alien before September 22, 1922;
(ii) by marrying after September 21, 1922, an alien who was
ineligible to become a citizen of the United States; or
(iii) through her husband’s loss of citizenship of the United
States before September 22, 1922; and
(B) has taken no affirmative action to acquire the nationality of an-
other country except by marriage.
(2) A woman described by subsection (a) of this section may be natural-
ized without regard to section 20301(a)(2) of this title if she has resided
in the United States continuously since the date of her marriage.
(b) NATURALIZATION ON TAKING OATH FOR CERTAIN WOMEN.—(1) A
woman may be naturalized without filing an application for naturalization
or complying with any other requirement for naturalization, by taking the
oath required for naturalization, if—
(A) she was a citizen of the United States at birth;
(B) she lost that citizenship by marrying—
(i) an alien before September 22, 1922; or
(ii) after September 21, 1922, an alien who was ineligible to be-
come a citizen of the United States;
(C) her marriage to that alien ended after January 12, 1941;
(D) she has taken no affirmative action to acquire the nationality
of another country except by marriage; and
(E) she is not ineligible to be naturalized under section 20331 of this
title.
(2) A woman satisfying paragraph (1) of this subsection may take the
oath—
306
(A) in the United States before the Attorney General or a judge or
a clerk of a court described by section 20511 of this title; or
(B) outside the United States before a diplomatic or consular officer.
(3) The Attorney General, court, embassy, legation, or consulate, as ap-
propriate, shall—
(A) enter the oath in the records of the Attorney General, court, em-
bassy, legation, or consulate; and
(B) deliver to the woman, on her request, a certified copy of the pro-
ceedings and oath, under seal of Department of Justice, court, em-
bassy, legation, or consulate, at a cost of not more than $5.
(4) A certified copy of the proceedings and the oath delivered under para-
graph (3) of this subsection is evidence of the facts stated in the copy in
any court of record, judicial tribunal, or agency.
(c) PREVIOUS STATUS REACQUIRED.—A woman naturalized under this
section or section 317(a) or (b) of the Nationality Act of 1940 has, from
the date of naturalization, the same status as a citizen at birth or a natural-
ized citizen that she had before losing citizenship. Naturalization of the
woman does not confer citizenship on the woman retroactively for any pe-
riod that she was not a citizen of the United States.
§ 20318. Nationals residing in American Samoa
Residence and physical presence in American Samoa are deemed to be
residence and physical presence in the United States under section
20301(a)(3), (4), and (6) of this title for an individual who—
(1) is a national, but not a citizen, of the United States; and
(2) becomes a resident of a State.
§ 20319. Philippine citizens who entered before May 1, 1934
An individual who was a citizen of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
on July 2, 1946, entered the United States before May 1, 1934, and has
resided in the United States continuously since entry, is deemed to have
been lawfully admitted for permanent residence.
SUBCHAPTER II—INELIGIBILITY
§ 20331. Individuals dangerous to the welfare, safety, and se-
curity of the United States
(a) GROUNDS FOR DISALLOWING NATURALIZATION.—An individual may
not be naturalized as a citizen of the United States if, at any time during
the 10 years before filing the application for naturalization or from the fil-
ing of the application through the time the individual is naturalized, the in-
dividual—
(1) advocates establishing—
(A) a totalitarian communist dictatorship in a country through
an internationally coordinated communist movement; or
307
(B) a totalitarian dictatorship in the United States;
(2) advocates or teaches—
(A) opposition to all organized government;
(B) the overthrow by unconstitutional means of the United
States Government or of all forms of law;
(C) the duty, necessity, or propriety of unlawfully assaulting or
killing a particular officer or officers generally of an organized
government because of the official position of the officer or offi-
cers;
(D) unlawfully damaging or destroying property; or
(E) sabotage;
(3) writes, publishes, causes to be written or published, knowingly
distributes, prints, displays, or causes to be distributed, printed, pub-
lished, or displayed, or knowingly possesses to publish, distribute, or
display, written material—
(A) advocating or teaching opposition to all organized govern-
ment; or
(B) advocating—
(i) the overthrow by unconstitutional means of the United
States Government or of all forms of law;
(ii) the duty, necessity, or propriety of unlawfully assault-
ing or killing of a particular officer or officers generally of an
organized government because of the official position of the
officer or officers;
(iii) unlawfully damaging or destroying property;
(iv) sabotage;
(v) establishing a totalitarian communist dictatorship in a
country through an internationally coordinated communist
movement; or
(vi) establishing a totalitarian dictatorship in the United
States; or
(4) is a member of or affiliated with—
(A) the Communist Party of the United States;
(B) another totalitarian party of the United States;
(C) the Communist Political Association;
(D) the Communist or another totalitarian party of a State, a
foreign country, or a political or geographical subdivision of a for-
eign country;
(E) a section, subsidiary, branch, affiliate, or subdivision of an
organization described by subclauses (A)–(D) of this clause (4);
308
(F) the direct predecessor or successor of an organization de-
scribed by subclauses (A)–(D) of this clause (4), regardless of the
name the organization uses or used;
(G) an organization advocating establishing a totalitarian com-
munist dictatorship in a country through an internationally coordi-
nated communist movement, or establishing a totalitarian dictator-
ship in the United States, through—
(i) the organization’s statements; or
(ii) written material issued or published under the author-
ity of or with the consent of the organization, or paid for by
money provided by the organization;
(H) an organization advocating or teaching—
(i) opposition to all organized government;
(ii) the overthrow by unconstitutional means of the United
States Government or of all forms of law;
(iii) the duty, necessity, or propriety of unlawfully assault-
ing or killing a particular officer or officers generally of an
organized government because of the official position of the
officer or officers;
(iv) unlawfully damaging or destroying property; or
(v) sabotage; or
(I) an organization writing, distributing, printing, publishing,
displaying, causing to be written, distributed, printed, published,
or displayed, or possessing to distribute, publish, issue, or display,
written material described by clause (3) of this subsection.
(b) NONAPPLICATION.—Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to
an individual who satisfies the Attorney General that the individual’s mem-
bership or affiliation with an organization described by subsection (a)—
(1) is or was involuntary;
(2) ended before the individual’s 16th birthday;
(3) is or was by operation of law; or
(4) was for the purpose of, and necessary for, obtaining employment,
food rations, or other essentials of living.
§ 20332. Deserters and draft evaders
An individual convicted of desertion under section 885 of title 10 or of
draft evasion under section 12(h) of the Military Selective Service Act (50
App. U.S.C. 462(h)) is ineligible to become a citizen of the United States.
§ 20333. Aliens exempted or discharged from the armed
forces or the National Security Training Corps
(a) GENERAL.—Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, an
alien who applies for and is granted an exemption or discharge from serving
309
or training in the armed forces of the United States or the National Secu-
rity Training Corps because of alienage is ineligible to become a citizen of
the United States. Records of the Selective Service System and the Depart-
ment of Defense are conclusive about whether the alien was granted an ex-
emption or discharge because of alienage.
(b) EXEMPTION PROVIDED UNDER TREATY.—An alien exercising a right
under a treaty to be exempted from serving or training in the armed forces
of the United States is not ineligible under this section or any other law
to become a citizen of the United States if, before exercising the right, the
alien served in the armed forces of a foreign country of which the alien was
a national.
CHAPTER 205—NATURALIZATION PROCEDURE
Sec.
20501.
Authority to naturalize.
20502.
Declarations of intention.
20503.
Applications for naturalization.
20504.
Proof of lawful entry and effect of deportation proceedings.
20505.
Investigations.
20506.
Examinations.
20507.
Hearings before immigration officers.
20508.
Judicial review.
20509.
Oath requirement.
20510.
Methods of oath administration.
20511.
Court authority to administer oaths.
20512.
Duties of Attorney General when court is to administer oath.
20513.
Forms and records.
20514.
Fees.
§ 20501. Authority to naturalize
(a) AUTHORITY OF ATTORNEY GENERAL.—Only the Attorney General
has authority to naturalize an individual as a citizen of the United States.
(b) ONLY PROCEDURE.—An individual may be naturalized as a citizen of
the United States only as provided by this subtitle.
§ 20502. Declarations of intention
(a) GENERAL.—An individual at least 18 years of age who is residing in
the United States as an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence
may make a declaration of intention to be naturalized as a citizen of the
United States. However, a declaration is not required for naturalization,
does not confer nationality or the right to nationality on an alien, and is
not evidence of lawful admission for permanent residence.
(b) PROCEDURE.—(1) The alien must file with the Attorney General a
declaration in duplicate, accompanied by an application for a declaration.
The application must be approved by the Attorney General.
(2) The application must include 3 identical photographs of the alien.
One photograph shall be attached to the declaration issued by the Attorney
General and the others to the copies of the declaration retained by the At-
torney General.
310
(c) REPLACEMENT DECLARATION.—The Attorney General shall issue a
new declaration to an alien applying to replace a declaration that the Attor-
ney General finds is lost, destroyed, or mutilated, and if mutilated, is sur-
rendered to the Attorney General. A person coming into possession of a dec-
laration that was lost shall surrender the declaration to the Attorney Gen-
eral.
§ 20503. Applications for naturalization
(a) GENERAL.—An application for naturalization must be filed—
(1) with the Attorney General, in the office of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service for the district in which the individual resides;
and
(2) in person, except when the Attorney General decides the individ-
ual has an illness or other disability sufficiently incapacitating to pre-
vent the individual from filing in person.
(b) FORM AND CONTENTS.—The application for naturalization must—
(1) include a statement that the individual has been lawfully admit-
ted for permanent residence;
(2) include a statement of facts the Attorney General believes may
be material to the individual’s naturalization and required to be proved
under this subtitle;
(3) include 3 identical photographs of the individual signed by the
individual;
(4) be sworn to by the individual; and
(5) be signed by the individual if physically able to write.
(c) EARLY FILING FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO CONTINUOUS RESI-
DENCE REQUIREMENT.—An individual subject to a continuous residence re-
quirement under chapter 203 of this title may file an application for natu-
ralization not more than 3 months before the date the individual would first
satisfy that requirement.
(d) TRANSFER TO ANOTHER DISTRICT.—If an individual applying for
naturalization moves from the district of the Service in the United States
in which the application is pending, the individual may request the Attorney
General to transfer the application to another district. If the Attorney Gen-
eral transfers the application, the proceedings on the application shall con-
tinue as though the application had been filed originally in the district to
which it is transferred.
(e) WITHDRAWAL AND LACK OF PROSECUTION.—An application for nat-
uralization may be withdrawn only with the consent of the Attorney Gen-
eral. If the Attorney General does not consent to the withdrawal, the appli-
cation shall be decided on its merits. If the applicant does not prosecute
the application, the Attorney General may dismiss it for lack of prosecution.
311
If the Attorney General does not dismiss the application for lack of prosecu-
tion, it shall be decided on its merits.
§ 20504. Proof of lawful entry and effect of deportation pro-
ceedings
(a) PROOF OF LAWFUL ENTRY.—An applicant for naturalization has the
burden of proving that the applicant entered the United States lawfully. To
prove a lawful entry, the applicant is entitled to the production of—
(1) the applicant’s immigrant visa or other entry document; and
(2) any other record in the custody of the Attorney General related
to the applicant’s entry that the Attorney General does not consider
confidential.
(b) EFFECT OF DEPORTATION PROCEEDINGS.—(1) Except as provided
by sections 20312 and 20313 of this title—
(A) an application for naturalization may not be considered if a de-
portation proceeding is pending under an arrest warrant; and
(B) an individual may not be naturalized as a citizen of the United
States if a final finding of deportability is outstanding under an arrest
warrant.
(2) The Attorney General’s findings in ending deportation proceedings or
suspending deportation are not binding in deciding whether an individual
satisfies the eligibility requirements for naturalization.
§ 20505. Investigations
The Attorney General shall conduct a personal investigation of an appli-
cant for naturalization in each vicinity in which the applicant has lived or
worked during at least the 5-year period immediately before the application
was filed. However, the Attorney General may waive the investigation in a
particular case or class of cases.
§ 20506. Examinations
(a) GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall designate officers and em-
ployees of the Immigration and Naturalization Service to conduct examina-
tions of applicants for naturalization. Examinations shall be uniform
throughout the United States and be limited to inquiring about whether the
applicant meets the eligibility requirements for naturalization. At the time
of the examination, the officer or employee conducting the examination shall
inform the applicant of the remedies available to the applicant under sec-
tions 20507(a) and (b) and 20508(a) of this title.
(b) DECISIONS.—The officer or employee conducting the examination
shall decide whether the application for naturalization should be granted or
denied and give the reasons.
(c) DECISIONS AND RECORDS TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The officer or
employee conducting the examination shall submit the decision about the
312
application to the Attorney General and, if the Attorney General requests,
the record of the examination.
§ 20507. Hearings before immigration officers
(a) GENERAL.—An individual whose application for naturalization is de-
nied after an examination under section 20506 of this title may request a
hearing before an immigration officer. Hearings under this subsection shall
be held at regular intervals specified by the Attorney General.
(b) SUBPENAS.—(1) On the applicant’s request at the time of requesting
a hearing, the immigration officer shall subpena witnesses named by the ap-
plicant to appear at the hearing. If a witness cannot be produced at the
hearing, other witnesses may be subpenaed after notice to the Attorney
General, in the way and at the time prescribed by the Attorney General by
regulation.
(2) A subpena issued under this subsection may be enforced as provided
by section 303(b) of this title.
(3) A witness willfully disobeying a subpena to appear and testify at a
hearing under this section shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not
more than 5 years, or both.
(c) APPEARANCE OF ATTORNEY GENERAL.—At a hearing under this sec-
tion, the Attorney General may call, examine, and cross-examine witnesses,
including the applicant, produce other evidence, and argue for or against
granting the application for naturalization.
(d) ADMISSIBILITY OF RECORDS OF EXAMINATION.—The record of the
examination conducted under section 20506 of this title is admissible as evi-
dence in a hearing conducted under this section.
§ 20508. Judicial review
(a) FAILURE TO MAKE TIMELY DECISIONS AFTER EXAMINATIONS.—If
the officer or employee conducting an examination under section 20506 of
this title does not make a decision on an application for naturalization with-
in 120 days after the date of the examination, the applicant may request
the district court of the United States for the district in which the applicant
resides to hold a hearing on the matter. The court may—
(1) order the application granted or denied; or
(2) remand the matter, with appropriate instructions, to the officer
or employee conducting the examination.
(b) DENIALS AFTER HEARINGS.—An individual whose application for
naturalization is denied after a hearing under section 20507 of this title
may obtain review of the denial in the United States district court for the
district in which the individual resides. At the individual’s request, the court
shall hold a new hearing. Regardless of whether the court holds a new hear-
ing, the court shall make its own findings of fact and conclusions of law.
313
§ 20509. Oath requirement
(a) OATH OF ALLEGIANCE.—To be naturalized as a citizen of the United
States, an individual must take an oath, in substance—
(1) to support the Constitution;
(2) to support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United
States against all enemies foreign and domestic;
(3) to bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution and laws of
the United States;
(4) to renounce all allegiance to any foreign prince, potentate, coun-
try, or sovereignty of which the individual was a citizen or subject; and
(5) to comply with a requirement of law—
(A) to bear arms for the United States;
(B) to perform noncombatant service in the armed forces of the
United States when wearing the uniform of a branch of the armed
forces and subject to military discipline and court martial; or
(C) to perform work of national importance under civilian direc-
tion.
(b) OMISSIONS FROM OATH BECAUSE OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF.—(1) In
this subsection, ‘‘religious belief’’ means belief in a relation to a Supreme
Being involving duties superior to those arising from a human relation, but
does not include essentially political, sociological, or philosophical views or
a personal moral code.
(2) If an individual satisfies the Attorney General by clear and convincing
evidence that, because of religious belief, the individual opposes—
(A) bearing arms in the armed forces of the United States, the indi-
vidual may omit from the oath the substance of subsection (a)(5)(A)
of this section; or
(B) any kind of service in the armed forces of the United States,
the individual may omit from the oath the substance of subsection
(a)(5)(A) and (B) of this section.
(c) WAIVER FOR YOUNG CHILD.—If the Attorney General believes that
a child is unable to understand the meaning of the oath, the Attorney Gen-
eral may waive the requirement that the child take the oath.
(d) OATH RENOUNCING HEREDITARY TITLES AND ORDERS.—In addition
to taking the oath under subsection (a) of this section, an individual who
has a hereditary title or belongs to an order of nobility must take an oath
expressly renouncing the title or order. The oath under this subsection must
be taken in the same public ceremony as the oath under subsection (a) and
shall be recorded as a part of the proceeding.
314
§ 20510. Methods of oath administration
(a) PUBLIC CEREMONY.—To be naturalized as a citizen of the United
States, an individual must take the oath required for naturalization in a
public ceremony. However, the Attorney General may waive the public cere-
mony requirement if the Attorney General decides the individual has an ill-
ness or other disability sufficiently incapacitating to prevent the individual’s
personal appearance.
(b) RIGHT TO CHOOSE.—(1) The individual may choose to take the oath
before the Attorney General or a court authorized by section 20511 of this
title, except when—
(A) a court has exclusive authority under section 20511(c) of this
title; or
(B) a court has referred the applicant to the Attorney General for
an expedited oath administration under subsection (c)(3) of this sec-
tion.
(2) The individual shall notify the Attorney General of the choice to take
the oath before a court.
(c) EXPEDITED OATH ADMINISTRATION.—(1) On demonstrating suffi-
cient cause, an individual may be granted an expedited oath administration
by the Attorney General or a court.
(2) When a court is deciding whether to grant an expedited oath adminis-
tration, the court shall consider—
(A) special circumstances such as serious illness of the applicant or
a member of the applicant’s immediate family, permanent disability
sufficiently incapacitating to prevent the applicant’s personal appear-
ance at the scheduled ceremony, developmental disability, or advanced
age; and
(B) exigent circumstances related to travel or employment.
(3) If an expedited oath administration by a court is impracticable, the
court shall refer the individual to the Attorney General. The Attorney Gen-
eral then may provide for immediate administration of the oath.
(d) PUBLIC CEREMONIES CONDUCTED BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The
Attorney General shall prescribe regulations to ensure that oath administra-
tion ceremonies conducted by the Attorney General are public, dignified, and
conducted frequently and at regular intervals.
§ 20511. Court authority to administer oaths
(a) DEFINITION.—In this section, ‘‘eligible court’’ means—
(1) a district court of the United States in any State; and
(2) any other court of record in a State if the court has a seal, a
clerk, and jurisdiction in actions at law, equity, or both, in which the
amount in controversy is unlimited.
315
(b) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—(1) An eligible court may administer the
oath required for naturalization to individuals residing within the jurisdic-
tion of the court.
(2) Any district court of the United States may administer the oath to
an individual described by section 20310 of this title without regard to the
residence of the individual.
(c) EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (4) of
this subsection, an eligible court that wishes to have exclusive authority to
administer the oath to individuals residing within the jurisdiction of the
court has that authority on notifying the Attorney General.
(2) The exclusive authority of a court to administer the oath applies to
an individual—
(A) only during the 45-day period beginning on the date the Attor-
ney General certifies to the court that the individual is eligible to be
naturalized; and
(B) only if, before the date of that certification, the court has noti-
fied the Attorney General of the dates during that 45-day period when
oath administration ceremonies by the court are scheduled.
(3) Subject to paragraph (4) of this subsection, the Attorney General may
not administer the oath to an individual during the period of a court’s ex-
clusive authority under paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(4) A court may waive the exclusive authority to administer the oath to
an individual if the Attorney General has not provided the court the certifi-
cate of eligibility for that individual within a reasonable time before the day
scheduled by the court for the oath administration ceremony. When notified
of a court’s waiver, the Attorney General promptly shall notify the appli-
cant.
(d) NAME CHANGES.—On petition of an individual applying for natu-
ralization, the court may order a change in the name of the individual as
part of the administration of the oath by the court. The certificate of natu-
ralization shall be issued with the new name.
§ 20512. Duties of Attorney General when court is to admin-
ister oath
(a) GENERAL.—When a court is to administer the oath to an individual
applying for naturalization, the Attorney General shall—
(1) provide the court with information necessary to administer the
oath to the individual, and if the court has exclusive authority under
section 20511(c) of this title, provide the information not later than 10
days after approving the application for naturalization; and
(2) promptly provide the court a certificate of naturalization pre-
pared by the Attorney General for the individual.
316
(b) NOTICE TO APPLICANTS OF COURT’S EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY.—(1)
If a court has exclusive authority to administer the oath, the Attorney Gen-
eral shall inform the applicant, at the time of approval of the application
for naturalization, of—
(A) the court’s exclusive authority to administer the oath during the
period specified in section 20511(c)(2)(A) of this title; and
(B) the dates when oath administration ceremonies by the court are
scheduled.
(2) If more than one court in an area has exclusive authority to admin-
ister the oath, the Attorney General shall allow the applicant, at the time
of approval, to choose the court to administer the oath.
§ 20513. Forms and records
(a) FORMS.—The Attorney General shall prescribe and provide forms to
carry out this chapter and sections 20901 and 20902 of this title. Only
those forms are lawful. Certificates of naturalization and certificates of citi-
zenship shall be printed on safety paper and numbered consecutively in sep-
arate series.
(b) RECORDS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall
maintain as a permanent record all declarations of intention and applica-
tions for naturalization, in chronological order, consecutively numbered, and
indexed.
(c) DUTIES OF CLERKS OF COURTS.—The clerk of a court administering
oaths to applicants for naturalization shall—
(1) take responsibility for all blank certificates of naturalization re-
ceived from the Attorney General;
(2) return to the Attorney General any certificate of naturalization
that is unusable because damaged;
(3) account to the Attorney General for blank certificates of natu-
ralization when required by the Attorney General;
(4) give a certificate of naturalization prepared by the Attorney Gen-
eral under section 20512 of this title to each individual administered
the oath by the court;
(5) provide the Attorney General with a list of individuals taking the
oath at each scheduled ceremony not later than 30 days after the end
of the month in which the oath was administered; and
(6) provide the Attorney General with a certified copy of other pro-
ceedings in, and orders by, the court related to the naturalization of
individuals, when required by the Attorney General.
(d) COPIES OF OATHS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO LOST CITIZENSHIP BY EN-
TERING ARMED FORCES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES.—When an individual de-
317
scribed by section 20315 of this title is naturalized, a certified copy of the
oath taken by the individual shall be provided by—
(1) the Attorney General to the Secretary of State if the oath was
administered by the Attorney General; and
(2) the clerk of the court to the Attorney General and the Secretary
of State if the oath was administered by a court.
§ 20514. Fees
(a) GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall charge, collect, and account
for fees prescribed by the Attorney General under section 9701 of title 31
for—
(1) filing a declaration of intention and issuing a duplicate declara-
tion; and
(2) filing an application for naturalization, holding a hearing on the
application, and issuing a certificate of naturalization.
(b) SUBPENA AND WITNESS FEES.—When filing an application for natu-
ralization, an individual requesting the issuance of a subpena under section
20507(b) of this title shall deposit with the Attorney General an amount
sufficient to cover the cost of subpenaing each witness and paying the wit-
ness the usual witness fee. On final discharge of the witness and demand
for payment, the Attorney General shall pay the witness the usual witness
fee from the amount deposited. The Attorney General shall return any re-
maining amount to the individual.
(c) EXEMPTION FOR INDIVIDUALS SERVING IN ARMED FORCES DURING
WAR OR MILITARY OPERATIONS.—(1) Except as provided by paragraph (2)
of this subsection, an individual serving in the armed forces of the United
States may not be charged a fee for filing an application for naturalization
or for issuance of a certificate of naturalization when the United States is
at war or engaged in military operations involving armed conflict with a
hostile foreign force as designated by the President by executive order.
(2) If a State law requires a fee to be charged, the clerk of a State court
may charge that part of the fee required to be paid to the State.
(3) The clerk of a court shall report all transactions made under this sub-
section to the Attorney General not later than 30 days after the end of the
month in which the transaction was made.
(d) EXEMPTION FROM REPLACEMENT FEES
FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO
SERVED IN ARMED FORCES.—An individual may not be charged a fee for
filing an application to replace a declaration of intention or a certificate of
naturalization that is lost, destroyed, or mutilated if the individual served
in the armed forces of the United States after September 16, 1940, and
was not—
(1) discharged other than honorably;
318
(2) discharged because of alienage; or
(3) a conscientious objector who performed no military duty or re-
fused to wear the uniform.
(e) DISPOSITION OF FEES.—(1) Except as otherwise provided by this
subsection, the Attorney General shall deposit all fees collected by the Attor-
ney General under this subtitle in the ‘‘Immigration Examinations Fee Ac-
count’’ established under section 317 of this title.
(2) Fees collected by the Attorney General under this subtitle from resi-
dents of the Virgin Islands or Guam shall be paid to the treasury of the
Virgin Islands or Guam, respectively.
(3) A percentage of the fees described by subsection (a)(1) of this section
collected by the Attorney General shall be paid to courts administering
oaths under this chapter. In consultation with the courts, the Attorney Gen-
eral shall determine the percentage each year based on—
(A) the costs incurred by the courts for essential services directly re-
lated to the naturalization process; divided by
(B) the total of those costs incurred by the courts and the Immigra-
tion and Naturalization Service.
(f) REPORTS AND CONSULTATIONS.—The Attorney General shall—
(1) provide an annual report to the Committees on the Judiciary of
the Senate and House of Representatives on the use of the fees de-
scribed by subsection (e)(3) of this section; and
(2) consult with those committees before increasing those fees.
CHAPTER 207—LOSS OF NATIONALITY
SUBCHAPTER I—BY VOLUNTARY ACTS
Sec.
20701.
Acts resulting in loss of nationality.
20702.
Acts not resulting in loss of nationality.
20703.
Presumption that act is done voluntarily.
SUBCHAPTER II—REVOCATION OF NATURALIZATION
20711.
Application.
20712.
Grounds.
20713.
Procedure.
20714.
Effect on automatic naturalization.
20715.
Cancellation of certificate of naturalization.
20716.
Authority not affected.
SUBCHAPTER III—MISCELLANEOUS
20731.
Burden of proof.
SUBCHAPTER I—BY VOLUNTARY ACTS
§ 20701. Acts resulting in loss of nationality
Except as provided by section 20702 of this title, a national of the United
States loses nationality of the United States under this subchapter only by
voluntarily performing any of the following acts with the intention of relin-
quishing nationality of the United States:
319
(1) becoming a national of a foreign country, after becoming 18
years of age—
(A) on application of the national; or
(B) on application for the national filed by an agent of the na-
tional.
(2) taking an oath or making a declaration of allegiance to a foreign
country or a political subdivision of a foreign country after becoming
18 years of age.
(3) entering or serving in the armed forces of a foreign country if—
(A) the armed forces are engaged in hostilities against the
United States; or
(B) the individual serves as a commissioned or noncommissioned
officer.
(4) accepting, serving in, or carrying out the duties and powers of
an office, a post, or employment under the government of a foreign
country or a political subdivision of a foreign country, after becoming
18 years of age, if—
(A) the individual is or becomes a national of the foreign coun-
try; or
(B) the office, post, or employment requires an oath or declara-
tion of allegiance.
(5) making a formal renunciation of nationality in a foreign country
before a diplomatic or consular officer in the way the Secretary of
State prescribes.
(6) making a formal written renunciation of nationality in the Unit-
ed States in the way the Attorney General prescribes before an officer
or employee the Attorney General designates when the United States
is in a state of war and the Attorney General approves the renunciation
as not against the defense interests of the United States.
(7) committing any of the following offenses for which the individual
is convicted by a court or court martial:
(A) treason against the United States Government.
(B) attempting by force to overthrow the Government.
(C) bearing arms against the Government.
(D) violating or conspiring to violate section 2383 of title 18.
(E) violating section 2384 of title 18 by conspiring to over-
throw, put down, or destroy by force the Government or to carry
on war against the Government.
(F) willfully violating section 2385 of title 18.
320
§ 20702. Acts not resulting in loss of nationality
(a) WHEN NATIONAL IN THE UNITED STATES OR AMERICAN SAMOA.—
A national of the United States does not lose nationality under section
20701(1)–(4) of this title when the national is in the United States or
American Samoa. However, an act specified in section 20701(1)–(4) and
carried out in the United States or American Samoa results in the loss of
nationality when the national establishes a residence outside the United
States and American Samoa.
(b) WHEN ENTERING OR SERVING IN ARMED FORCES OF A FOREIGN
COUNTRY OR RENOUNCING NATIONALITY AS A MINOR.—A national of the
United States does not lose nationality under section 20701(3) or (5) of this
title when less than 18 years of age if the national claims the nationality
within 6 months after becoming 18 years of age. The claim shall be made
in the way the Secretary of State prescribes by regulation.
(c) WHEN MARRYING A MALE ALIEN.—Notwithstanding a treaty ratified
by the Senate before December 25, 1952, a woman who was—
(1) a national of the United States did not lose nationality only be-
cause of marriage after—
(A) September 21, 1922, to an alien; or
(B) March 2, 1931, to an alien who was ineligible to become
a citizen of the United States because of race; or
(2) a citizen of the United States at birth did not lose nationality
because of residence outside the United States after a marriage re-
ferred to in clause (1) of this subsection.
§ 20703. Presumption that act is done voluntarily
An individual carrying out an act resulting in the loss of nationality
under this subchapter or another law is presumed to have carried out the
act voluntarily. The presumption may be rebutted on a showing by a pre-
ponderance of the evidence that the act was not carried out voluntarily.
SUBCHAPTER II—REVOCATION OF NATURALIZATION
§ 20711. Application
This subchapter applies to any naturalization and certificate of natu-
ralization issued under this title or another law.
§ 20712. Grounds
(a) GENERAL.—A court in which a civil action is brought under section
20713 of this title shall revoke the order of naturalization of an individual
as a citizen of the United States and cancel the individual’s certificate of
naturalization if the court decides—
(1) the order and certificate were obtained unlawfully, by conceal-
ment of a material fact, or by willful misrepresentation; or
321
(2) for an individual naturalized under section 20313 of this title,
the individual was discharged from the armed forces of the United
States other than honorably.
(b) REFUSAL TO TESTIFY BEFORE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE.—The
refusal of an individual within 10 years after naturalization of the individual
to testify as a witness before a congressional committee about subversive ac-
tivities of the individual is concealment of a material fact or willful mis-
representation under subsection (a)(1) of this section if the individual is
convicted of contempt for the refusal.
(c) MEMBERSHIP IN, OR AFFILIATION WITH, CERTAIN ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—If an individual naturalized after December 24, 1952, became a
member of or affiliated with an organization within 5 years after naturaliza-
tion and the membership or affiliation at the time of naturalization would
have prevented the individual from being naturalized under section 20331
of this title, the membership or affiliation is prima facie evidence that the
individual was not attached to the principles of the Constitution and was
not well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States at
the time of naturalization. If there is no contrary evidence, a court may act
under subsection (a)(1) of this section because the naturalization was ob-
tained by concealment of a material fact or by willful misrepresentation.
(d) PERMANENT RESIDENCE IN FOREIGN COUNTRY.—If an individual is
naturalized and then establishes permanent residence in a foreign country
within one year after naturalization, the permanent residence is prima facie
evidence that the individual did not intend to reside permanently in the
United States at the time the individual filed the application for naturaliza-
tion. If there is no contrary evidence, a court may act under subsection
(a)(1) of this section because the naturalization was obtained by conceal-
ment of a material fact or by willful misrepresentation.
(e) CHANGE OF STATUS.—An individual is deemed to have obtained natu-
ralization by concealment of a material fact or by willful misrepresentation
if—
(1) the individual was naturalized as a citizen of the United States
based on a record of lawful admission for permanent residence made
as a result of a change of the individual’s status;
(2) the individual was not eligible for the change of status; and
(3) the Attorney General rescinds the change of status under section
9107(a) of this title.
(f) PROOF
OF CERTAIN GROUNDS
FOR REVOCATION.—(1) Discharge
from the armed forces of the United States other than honorably shall be
proved by a certification from the head of the executive agency under which
the individual served.
322
(2) A diplomatic or consular officer in a foreign country shall give the
Attorney General, through the Secretary of State, a list of individuals within
the jurisdiction of the officer who establish permanent residence in a foreign
country within one year after being naturalized as a citizen. A certified list
is admissible in a civil action brought under section 20713 of this title.
(g) COURTS TO REVOKE NATURALIZATION ORDERS WHEN NATURALIZA-
TION CONVICTIONS INVOLVED.—A court having jurisdiction to try a viola-
tion of section 1425 of title 18 has jurisdiction to revoke orders of natu-
ralization and cancel certificates of naturalization. A court in which an indi-
vidual is convicted of knowingly obtaining naturalization in violation of sec-
tion 1425 shall revoke the order of naturalization of the individual as a citi-
zen and cancel the certificate of naturalization of the individual.
§ 20713. Procedure
(a) BRINGING CIVIL ACTIONS TO REVOKE.—If grounds exist under sec-
tion 20712 of this title, the Attorney General shall bring a civil action to
revoke the order of naturalization of an individual as a citizen of the United
States and to cancel the certificate of naturalization. When bringing the ac-
tion, the Attorney General shall file an affidavit showing good cause.
(b) VENUE.—An action under this section shall be brought in a district
court of the United States for the judicial district in which the individual
resides. If the individual does not reside in a judicial district in the United
States, the action may be brought in the United States District Court for
the District of Columbia or the district in which the individual last resided.
(c) NOTICE AND ANSWER.—The individual shall be given personal notice
and, unless waived, 60 days to answer in an action brought under this sec-
tion. If the individual is absent from the United States or the judicial dis-
trict in which the individual last resided, notice shall be given by personal
service or by publication in the way provided for service by publication or
on absentees by the law of the State or place in which the action is brought.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE OF REVOCATION AND CANCELLATION.—Revocation
and cancellation under this subchapter are effective from the date of the
naturalization order and certificate of naturalization.
§ 20714. Effect on automatic naturalization
An individual claiming citizenship of the United States through the natu-
ralization of a parent or spouse loses that citizenship when the order of nat-
uralization of the parent or spouse as a citizen is revoked and the certificate
of naturalization is canceled under—
(1) section 20712(a)(1) of this title because the order and certificate
were obtained by concealment of a material fact or by willful misrepre-
sentation;
323
(2) section 20712(a)(2) of this title on a ground other than that the
order and certificate were obtained by concealment of a material fact
or by willful misrepresentation, if the individual does not reside in the
United States when the order is revoked and the certificate is canceled;
or
(3) section 20712(c) or (d) of this title, if the individual does not
reside in the United States when the order is revoked and the certifi-
cate is canceled.
§ 20715. Cancellation of certificate of naturalization
(a) DUTIES OF COURT.—A court revoking an order of naturalization as
a citizen of the United States or canceling a certificate of naturalization,
or both, under this subchapter shall prepare an order canceling the certifi-
cate and send a certified copy to the Attorney General.
(b) SURRENDER OF CANCELED CERTIFICATE.—On notice by the court
canceling a certificate of naturalization or by the Attorney General, an indi-
vidual holding a canceled certificate of naturalization shall surrender it to
the Attorney General.
§ 20716. Authority not affected
This subchapter does not affect the authority of the Attorney General to
reopen, change, or vacate an order of naturalization of an individual as a
citizen of the United States.
SUBCHAPTER III—MISCELLANEOUS
§ 20731. Burden of proof
A person claiming that an individual has lost nationality of the United
States under this chapter or another law has the burden of proving, by a
preponderance of the evidence, that the loss occurred.
CHAPTER 209—NATIONALITY DOCUMENTS
Sec.
20901.
Certificates of naturalization.
20902.
Certificates of citizenship.
20903.
Certificates of nationality.
20904.
Other documents to prove citizenship.
20905.
Cancellation of nationality records.
20906.
Certificates of loss of nationality.
20907.
Certifications of records.
§ 20901. Certificates of naturalization
(a) ISSUANCE AND CONTENT.—The Attorney General shall issue a certifi-
cate of naturalization to an individual when the individual is naturalized as
a citizen of the United States. The certificate shall contain—
(1) the number of the individual’s application for naturalization;
(2) the number of the certificate;
(3) the individual’s name (as changed if a change of name is granted
by a court as part of the administration of the oath required for natu-
ralization);
324
(4) the individual’s signature;
(5) the individual’s place of residence;
(6) a signed photograph of the individual;
(7) a personal description of the individual, including age, sex, and
marital status;
(8) the individual’s prior nationality;
(9) a statement that the Attorney General, having decided that the
individual has satisfied the applicable provisions of this title, ordered
the individual naturalized as a citizen;
(10) the date of the naturalization; and
(11) the location of the district office of the Immigration and Natu-
ralization Service in which the application was filed;
(12) the title, authority, and location of the official or court admin-
istering the oath required for naturalization; and
(13) the attestation of an immigration officer and the seal of the De-
partment of Justice.
(b) REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATES.—(1) On application to the Attorney
General, the Attorney General shall issue to a naturalized citizen—
(A) a new certificate of naturalization to replace a certificate that
the Attorney General finds is lost, destroyed, or mutilated, and if muti-
lated, is surrendered to the Attorney General; or
(B) a new certificate of naturalization with the citizen’s new name
when the Attorney General finds that the citizen’s name has been
changed by marriage or order of a court of competent jurisdiction after
naturalization.
(2) The Attorney General shall notify the court that naturalized the citi-
zen of the issuance of a new certificate under paragraph (1)(B) of this sub-
section.
(c) SPECIAL CERTIFICATES TO OBTAIN RECOGNITION
BY FOREIGN
COUNTRIES.—On application by a naturalized citizen to the Attorney Gen-
eral, the Attorney General shall issue for the citizen a special certificate of
naturalization to be used only to obtain recognition as a citizen of the
United States by the government of a foreign country. The certificate shall
be submitted to the Secretary of State for submission to the proper author-
ity of the government of the foreign country.
(d) PHOTOGRAPHS.—An application to the Attorney General for a certifi-
cate of naturalization or a special certificate of naturalization shall include
3 identical photographs of the individual applying. One photograph shall be
attached to the certificate and the others to the copies of the certificate re-
tained by the Attorney General.
325
(e) SURRENDER OF FOUND CERTIFICATES.—A person coming into pos-
session of a certificate of naturalization that was lost shall surrender the
certificate to the Attorney General.
§ 20902. Certificates of citizenship
(a) APPLICATIONS.—An individual may apply to the Attorney General for
a certificate of citizenship if the individual claims to be a citizen of the
United States because of—
(1) the naturalization of a parent of the individual;
(2) the naturalization or citizenship of the individual’s husband;
(3) section 1993 of the Revised Statutes;
(4) the Act of May 7, 1934 (ch. 221, 48 Stat. 667);
(5) the Act of August 4, 1937 (ch. 563, 50 Stat. 558);
(6) section 201(c)–(e), (g), or (i), 203, or 205 of the Nationality Act
of 1940; or
(7) section 20102(a), 20104(a), or 20106 of this title.
(b) PHOTOGRAPHS.—An application under subsection (a) of this section
shall include 3 identical photographs of the individual applying. One photo-
graph shall be attached to the certificate and the others to the copies of
the certificate retained by the Attorney General.
(c) ISSUANCE.—The Attorney General shall issue a certificate of citizen-
ship to an individual if—
(1) the Attorney General is satisfied that the individual is a citizen
as claimed under subsection (a) of this section;
(2) the individual takes, and signs, in front of an immigration officer
the oath required for naturalization; and
(3) the individual is in the United States when the oath is taken and
the certificate is issued.
(d) REPLACEMENT CERTIFICATES.—The Attorney General shall issue a
new certificate of citizenship to a citizen applying to replace a certificate
that the Attorney General finds is lost, destroyed, or mutilated, and if muti-
lated, is surrendered to the Attorney General. A person coming into posses-
sion of a certificate that was lost shall surrender the certificate to the Attor-
ney General.
§ 20903. Certificates of nationality
(a) CERTIFICATES FOR USE IN FOREIGN COUNTRY PROCEEDINGS.—
Under regulations the Secretary of State prescribes, the Secretary may issue
a certificate of nationality for an individual if the Secretary is satisfied that
the individual is a national of the United States at birth and that the cer-
tificate is needed for an administrative or judicial proceeding of a foreign
country. The certificate is only for use in the proceeding for which it is is-
326
sued. The Secretary shall submit the certificate to the appropriate foreign
administrative or judicial officer.
(b) CERTIFICATES ISSUED TO INDIVIDUALS.—An individual claiming to
be a national, but not a citizen, of the United States may apply to the Sec-
retary of State for a certificate of non-citizen national status. The Secretary
shall issue the certificate if—
(1) the Secretary is satisfied that the individual is a national, but
not a citizen, of the United States;
(2) for an individual born outside the United States or American
Samoa, the individual takes, and signs, in front of an immigration offi-
cer in the United States or American Samoa, the oath required for nat-
uralization; and
(3) the individual is in the United States or American Samoa when
the certificate is issued.
§ 20904. Other documents to prove citizenship
The following documents have the same effect that a certificate of natu-
ralization or a certificate of citizenship has to prove that an individual is
a citizen of the United States:
(1) a passport granted by the Secretary of State to a citizen of the
United States during its period of validity if the period is the maximum
allowed by law.
(2) a ‘‘Report of Birth Abroad of a Citizen of the United States’’
issued by a consular officer to document a citizen born outside the
United States.
§ 20905. Cancellation of nationality records
(a) AUTHORITY TO CANCEL.—The Attorney General may cancel a na-
tionality record the Attorney General has issued if satisfied that the record
was obtained fraudulently or unlawfully.
(b) NOTICE OF INTENTION TO CANCEL.—The Attorney General shall
send written notice of an intention to cancel a record and the reason for
the cancellation to the individual named in the record at the individual’s last
known address. The Attorney General shall give the individual at least 60
days to show cause why the record should not be canceled.
(c) EFFECT OF CANCELLATION.—Cancellation of a record showing the
citizenship status of an individual under this section affects only the record
and not the citizenship status of the individual.
§ 20906. Certificates of loss of nationality
When a diplomatic or consular officer believes that an individual in a for-
eign country has lost the nationality of the United States under section
20701 of this title or chapter IV of the Nationality Act of 1940, the officer
shall certify in writing to the Secretary of State, under regulations the Sec-
327
retary prescribes, the facts on which the officer’s belief is based. If the Sec-
retary approves the certificate, the Secretary shall provide a copy to the At-
torney General and direct the officer to provide a copy to the individual.
§ 20907. Certifications of records
The Attorney General may make a certification of any part of a natu-
ralization record of a court, a certificate of naturalization, or a certificate
of citizenship, for use in complying with a law or in a judicial proceeding.
The clerk of a court may make such a certification only on order of the
court.
CHAPTER 211—MISCELLANEOUS
Sec.
21101.
Procedure if denied a right or privilege as a national.
21102.
Information about citizenship.
§ 21101. Procedure if denied a right or privilege as a na-
tional
(a) INDIVIDUALS IN THE UNITED STATES.—(1) Except as provided by
paragraph (4) of this subsection, an individual in the United States may
bring a civil action under section 2201 of title 28 against the head of an
agency for a judgment declaring that the individual is a national of the
United States if—
(A) the individual claims a right or privilege as a national of the
United States; and
(B) the head of the agency denies the claim because the individual
is not a national of the United States.
(2) The action must be brought—
(A) in the district court of the United States for the judicial district
in which the individual resides or claims to reside; and
(B) within 5 years after the final administrative denial of the right
or privilege.
(3) A court referred to in paragraph (2) of this subsection has jurisdic-
tion over the head of the agency in that action.
(4) An individual may not bring an action under this subsection if the
issue of the individual’s nationality arose because of a deportation or exclu-
sion proceeding.
(b) INDIVIDUALS NOT IN THE UNITED STATES.—(1) An individual not
in the United States may apply to a consular officer or diplomatic officer
of the United States in the country in which the individual resides for a
certificate of identity to travel to the United States and apply for admission
if—
(A) the individual claims a right or privilege as a national of the
United States;
328
(B) the head of an agency denies the claim because the individual
is not a national of the United States; and
(C) the individual had been in the United States before applying for
the certificate, or the individual is less than 16 years of age and was
born outside the United States to a parent who is a citizen of the
United States.
(2) The diplomatic or consular officer shall grant the certificate if satis-
fied that the application is made in good faith and has a substantial basis.
If the officer denies the application, the individual may appeal to the Sec-
retary of State. If the Secretary approves the denial, the Secretary shall
state the reasons in writing.
(3) The individual may use the certificate to travel to a port of entry and
apply for admission to the United States. The individual is subject to the
provisions of this title applicable to proceedings for aliens seeking admission
to the United States.
(4) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for granting certificates
under this subsection.
(c) APPLICATION OF LAWS ON ADMISSION OF ALIENS.—An individual de-
scribed by this section who is finally excluded from admission to the United
States is subject to all the provisions of this title applicable to aliens seeking
admission to the United States.
§ 21102. Information about citizenship
(a) PROMOTING UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP.—To promote the oppor-
tunities and responsibilities of citizenship of the United States, the Attorney
General shall distribute broadly information about the benefits individuals
may receive under this subtitle and the requirements to obtain those bene-
fits. In carrying out this subsection, the Attorney General shall seek the as-
sistance of appropriate community groups, private voluntary agencies, and
other relevant organizations.
(b) INSTRUCTION
IN CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Attorney
General may promote instruction and training in citizenship responsibilities
of applicants for naturalization, including—
(1) giving names of applicants for naturalization to public schools;
(2) preparing citizenship textbooks and distributing the textbooks
without charge to applicants receiving instruction in citizenship respon-
sibilities under the supervision of public schools;
(3) preparing and distributing a monthly immigration and natu-
ralization bulletin; and
(4) seeking the cooperation of official State and national organiza-
tions, including organizations concerned with vocational education.
329
(c) REIMBURSEMENT.—Based on a statement by the Attorney General
that the citizenship textbooks have been prepared and distributed as pro-
vided by subsection (b)(2) of this section, naturalization fees deposited in
the Treasury by the Attorney General may be used to reimburse the appro-
priation of the Department of Justice for the cost of preparing and distrib-
uting the textbooks.
SEC. 2. CONFORMING PROVISIONS.
(a) TITLE 10.—Section 885 of title 10, United States Code, is amended
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(d) Any person found guilty of desertion in time of war may not—
‘‘(1) hold an office of trust or profit under the United States; or
‘‘(2) exercise the rights of a citizen of the United States.’’.
(b) MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT.—Section 12 of the Military Se-
lective Service Act (50 App. U.S.C. 462) is amended by adding at the end
the following new subsection:
‘‘(h) On conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, a person reg-
istered under this Act who leaves the district in which registered, or a per-
son (whether or not registered under this Act) who leaves the United States,
with the intent to evade a lawfully ordered draft while the United States
is at war, may not—
‘‘(1) hold an office of trust or profit under the United States; or
‘‘(2) exercise the rights of a citizen of the United States.’’.
(c) ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.—In the
table of contents of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
(20 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.), strike the analysis for part D of title IV.
(d) ACT OF AUGUST 1, 1956.—Section 6(a) of the Act of August 1, 1956
(50 U.S.C. 855(a)), is amended by—
(1) striking the subsection designation ‘‘(a)’’; and
(2) striking ‘‘make’’ and substituting ‘‘makes’’.
SEC. 3. CONFORMING CROSS-REFERENCES.
(a) TITLE 5.—Section 5549(2) of title 5, United States Code, is amended
by striking ‘‘sections 1353a and 1353b’’ and substituting ‘‘section 308’’.
(b) TITLE 10.—Title 10, United States Code, is amended as follows:
(1) In section 374(b)(4)(A)(ii), strike ‘‘Any of sections 274 through
278 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324–1328)’’
and substitute ‘‘Sections 10147–10151 of title 8’’.
(2) In sections 510(b)(1) and 591(b)(1), strike ‘‘the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.)’’ and substitute ‘‘title 8’’.
(3) In section 2864(a), strike ‘‘section 101(a)(15)(H)(ii) of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii))’’ and sub-
stitute ‘‘section 2314 or 2315 of title 8’’.
331
(2) In sections 872(b)(3), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F) or (J) of section
101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended’’ and
substitute ‘‘section 2310 or 2312 of title 8, United States Code’’.
(3) In sections 877(d), 2107(d), and 2501(a)(3)(A), strike ‘‘, as
amended (8 U.S.C. 1401(b), 1482, or 1487)’’ and substitute ‘‘as those
sections were in effect on October 9, 1978’’.
(4) In section 1441(b), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F), (J), or (M) of sec-
tion 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act’’ and sub-
stitute ‘‘section 2310, 2311, or 2312 of title 8, United States Code,’’.
(5) In section 3121(b)—
(A) in clause (18), strike ‘‘section 101(a)(15)(H)(ii) of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii))’’ and
substitute ‘‘section 2314 or 2315 of title 8, United States Code’’;
and
(B) in clause (19), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F), (J), or (M) of sec-
tion 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended’’ and ‘‘in subparagraph (F), (J), or (M)’’ and substitute
‘‘section 2310, 2311, or 2312 of title 8, United States Code’’ and
‘‘in section 2310, 2311, or 2312’’, respectively.
(6) In section 3231(e)(1), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F), (J), or (M) of
section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amend-
ed’’ and ‘‘in subparagraph (F), (J), or (M)’’ and substitute ‘‘section
2310, 2311, or 2312 of title 8, United States Code’’ and ‘‘in section
2310, 2311, or 2312’’, respectively.
(7) In section 3304(a)(14)(A), strike ‘‘section 212(d)(5) of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act’’ and substitute ‘‘section 6123 of title
8, United States Code’’.
(8) In section 3306(c)—
(A) in clause (1)(B), strike ‘‘sections 214(c) and 101(a)(15)(H)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act’’ and substitute ‘‘section
2314 of title 8, United States Code’’; and
(B) in clause (19), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F), (J), or (M) of sec-
tion 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended (8 U.S.C 1101(a)(15)(F), (J), or (M))’’ and ‘‘in sub-
paragraph (F), (J), or (M)’’ and substitute ‘‘section 2310, 2311,
or 2312 of title 8, United States Code’’ and ‘‘in section 2310,
2311, or 2312’’, respectively.
(9) In section 6103(m)(4)(A)(ii)(II), strike ‘‘section 3(a)(1) of the
Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962’’ and substitute ‘‘section
13307(a)(1) of title 8, United States Code,’’.
(10) In section 7701(b)(5)—
332
(A) in paragraph (C)(i), strike ‘‘subparagraph (J) of section
101(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act’’ and substitute
‘‘section 2312 of title 8, United States Code’’;
(B) in paragraph (D)(i)(I), strike ‘‘subparagraph (F) or (M) of
section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act’’ and
substitute ‘‘section 2310 or 2311 of title 8, United States Code’’;
and
(C) in paragraph (D)(i)(II), strike ‘‘subparagraph (J) of such
section 101(15)’’ and substitute ‘‘section 2312 of title 8, United
States Code’’.
(e) TITLE 28.—Title 28, United States Code, is amended as follows:
(1) In section 751(e), strike ‘‘naturalization fees listed in section 742
of Title 8 and’’.
(2) In section 1821(e), strike ‘‘section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5))’’ and ‘‘section 242(b) of
such Act (8 U.S.C. 1252(b))’’ and substitute ‘‘section 6123 of title 8’’
and ‘‘section 6532 of title 8’’, respectively.
(f) TITLE 46.—Title 46, United States Code, is amended as follows:
(1) In section 2101(3a), strike ‘‘section 101(a)(22) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22))’’ and substitute ‘‘sec-
tion 129 of title 8’’.
(2) In section 8103(i)(1)(C), strike ‘‘the Immigration and National-
ity Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.)’’ and substitute ‘‘title 8’’.
(3) In section 8704, strike ‘‘section 274A of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a)’’ and substitute ‘‘chapter 111 of title
8’’.
SEC. 4. LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE AND CONSTRUCTION.
(a) NO SUBSTANTIVE CHANGE.—Sections 1 and 2 of this Act restate,
without substantive change, laws enacted before February 1, 1994, that
were replaced by those sections. Those sections may not be construed as
making a substantive change in the laws replaced. Laws enacted after Janu-
ary 31, 1994, that are inconsistent with this Act supersede this Act to the
extent of the inconsistency.
(b) REFERENCES.—A reference to a law replaced by section 1 or 2 of
this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is
deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.
(c) CONTINUING EFFECT.—An order, rule, or regulation in effect under
a law replaced by section 1 or 2 of this Act continues in effect under the
corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or su-
perseded.
333
(d) ACTIONS AND OFFENSES UNDER PRIOR LAW.—An action taken or
an offense committed under a law replaced by section 1 or 2 of this Act
is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provi-
sion enacted by this Act.
(e) INFERENCES.—An inference of a legislative construction is not to be
drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision
enacted by this Act or by reason of a caption or catch line of the provision.
(f) SEVERABILITY.—If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all
valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in ef-
fect. If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid in any of its applica-
tions, the provision remains valid for all valid applications that are severable
from any of the invalid applications.
SEC. 5. REPEALS.
(a) INFERENCES OF REPEAL.—The repeal of a law by this Act may not
be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in
effect before its repeal.
(b) REPEALER SCHEDULE.—The laws specified in the following schedule
are repealed, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were
incurred, and proceedings that were begun before the date of enactment of
this Act:
Schedule of Laws Repealed
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1875
Feb. 18
80 ..............
1(14th par. on p. 318) ........................
318 ...............
359
1879
Mar. 3
182 ............
2 ...........................................................
402 ...............
1887
Feb. 8
119 ............
6(2d sentence less provisos) ................
390 ...............
.......
........................
Mar. 3
340 ............
1(related to the District of Columbia),
2(related to the District of Colum-
bia), 4(related to the District of Co-
lumbia).
476 ...............
79–81
1888
Feb. 1
4 ................
1(last par. under heading ‘‘Pay De-
partment’’).
9 ...................
1891
Mar. 3
551 ............
..............................................................
1084 .............
1552
1893
Mar. 3
206 ............
..............................................................
569 ...............
.......
........................
1894
Aug. 18
301 ............
1(last par. on p. 390) ..........................
390 ...............
174
1895
Mar. 2
177 ............
1(last par. beginning on p. 780) .........
780 ...............
103, 1552,
1554
1898
July 1
546 ............
1(2d par. under heading ‘‘Back Pay
and Bounty’’).
640 ...............
.......
........................
1900
Apr. 30
339 ............
4 ...........................................................
141 ...............
334
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1901
Mar. 3
853 ............
1(next-to-last 
par. 
before 
heading
‘‘Quarantine Service’’).
1155 .............
112
868 ............
..............................................................
1447 .............
.......
........................
1902
June 14
1088 ..........
..............................................................
386 ...............
211, 212
July 1
1351 ..........
(3d complete par. on p. 556) ...............
556 ...............
1903
Feb. 14
552 ............
4(related to immigration), 7(related to
immigration).
826, 828 ......
131, 261,
1551
1904
Apr. 28
1762 ..........
1(par. under heading ‘‘Enforcement of
the Chinese-Exclusion Act’’).
478 ...............
298
P.R. 33 ......
..............................................................
591 ...............
1552
1906
May 8
2348 ..........
‘‘Sec. 6(2d sentence less provisos)’’ .....
182 ...............
.......
........................
June 29
3592 ..........
..............................................................
596 ...............
.......
........................
3624 ..........
..............................................................
630 ...............
407
1910
May 27
258 ............
9 ...........................................................
448 ...............
385
June 25
395 ............
6(1st par.) ...........................................
826 ...............
1557
401 ............
..............................................................
829 ...............
402
1913
Mar. 4
141 ............
3(related to Commissioner of Natu-
ralization and ‘‘known as the Com-
missioner General of Immigration,
the Commissioners of Immigration,
the Bureau of Immigration and
Naturalization, the Division of In-
formation, the Division of Natu-
ralization, and the Immigration
Service at Large’’ in 1st–3d sen-
tences).
737 ...............
1551, 1552
1915
Mar. 4
147 ............
1(par. under heading ‘‘Immigration
Service’’).
1151 .............
112
1917
Mar. 2
145 ............
5, 5a(provisos) .....................................
953 ...............
5, 5a
Mar. 3
163 ............
1(pars. under headings ‘‘Bureau of
Immigration’’ and ‘‘Bureau of Nat-
uralization’’).
1118 .............
1552
June 12
27 ..............
1(1st proviso on p. 171) ......................
171 ...............
402
June 15
30 ..............
1 of title IX .........................................
227 ...............
213
1918
May 9
69 ..............
..............................................................
542 ...............
359, 406, 416
1919
Aug. 15
50 ..............
..............................................................
280 ...............
114
1920
June 4
223 ............
1–5 .......................................................
750 ...............
214, 215, 216
June 5
235 ............
1(2d complete par. on p. 936) .............
936 ...............
107
243 ............
..............................................................
981 ...............
136
251 ............
..............................................................
1008 .............
137
1921
Mar. 3
120 ............
3(1st sentence 1st–29th words) ..........
1250 .............
.......
........................
Mar. 4
161 ............
1(2d par. under heading ‘‘Immigration
Service’’).
1424 .............
1353c
1922
Mar. 28
117 ............
(pars. under headings ‘‘Bureau of Im-
migration’’, 
‘‘Immigration 
Sta-
tions’’, and ‘‘Bureau of Naturaliza-
tion’’).
486 ...............
1552
Sept. 22
411 ............
..............................................................
1021 .............
1923
Jan. 5
24 ..............
(pars. under headings ‘‘Bureau of Im-
migration’’, 
‘‘Immigration 
Sta-
tions’’, and ‘‘Bureau of Naturaliza-
tion’’).
1127 .............
1552
1924
June 2
233 ............
..............................................................
253 ...............
3, 173, 224
June 7
379 ............
..............................................................
669 ...............
228
335
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1926
May 25
388 ............
..............................................................
652 ...............
374
July 3
738 ............
..............................................................
812 ...............
204
772 ............
..............................................................
887 ...............
211, 211a,
214a, 217,
217a
1927
Feb. 25
192 ............
1–3 .......................................................
1234 .............
5b, 5c, 377a
Mar. 4
503 ............
2 ‘‘Sec. 5a(provisos)’’ ..........................
1418 .............
5a
514 ............
..............................................................
1455 .............
211
1928
Mar. 31
306 ............
..............................................................
400 ...............
211
May 29
864 ............
..............................................................
954 ...............
109
914 ............
..............................................................
1009 .............
204, 206
1929
Mar. 2
536 ............
..............................................................
1512 .............
361, 402a
Mar. 4
683 ............
..............................................................
1545 .............
392a
June 24
40 ..............
..............................................................
41 .................
180
1930
Apr. 18
184 ............
1(last par. 2d proviso under heading
‘‘Bureau of Immigration’’).
216 ...............
118
June 13
476 ............
..............................................................
581 ...............
213
June 19
544 ............
..............................................................
787 ...............
3a
July 1
782 ............
..............................................................
839 ...............
217a
July 3
826 ............
..............................................................
849 ...............
137a
835 ............
..............................................................
854 ...............
9, 204
1931
Feb. 21
270 ............
..............................................................
1205 .............
109
Mar. 2
368 ............
..............................................................
1467 .............
1353a, 1353b
Mar. 3
442 ............
..............................................................
1511 .............
370
1932
May 2
156 ............
..............................................................
145 ...............
109
May 16
187 ............
..............................................................
157 ...............
217a
May 25
203 ............
..............................................................
165 ...............
392b–392d,
399c
June 28
283 ............
..............................................................
336 ...............
5b, 204a–204d
July 1
363 ............
..............................................................
524 ...............
215
July 6
434 ............
..............................................................
607 ...............
203
July 11
471 ............
..............................................................
656 ...............
204, 206
1934
Mar. 15
70 ..............
1(1st proviso on p. 435 words after
semicolon).
435 ...............
176
May 7
221 ............
..............................................................
667 ...............
3b, 3c
May 24
344 ............
..............................................................
797 ...............
137a, 371,
375
June 8
429 ............
..............................................................
926 ...............
106a
1935
June 15
255 ............
..............................................................
376 ...............
376
1937
May 14
181 ............
..............................................................
164 ...............
102
182 ............
..............................................................
164 ...............
209, 213
Aug. 23
735 ............
..............................................................
743 ...............
392b–392d
1939
June 21
234 ............
..............................................................
851 ...............
392b–392d
Aug. 7
517 ............
..............................................................
1243 .............
106a
1940
June 28
439 ............
20–23, 40, 41 ......................................
671, 676 ......
137, 137–1,
155, 156a
July 1
495 ............
..............................................................
707 ...............
368b
502 ............
..............................................................
711 ...............
203, 215
July 2
509 ............
..............................................................
715 ...............
9a
Aug. 22
688 ............
..............................................................
858 ...............
1353d
1941
June 21
210 ............
..............................................................
252 ...............
223, 225–
226b
Oct. 13
432 ............
..............................................................
736 ...............
457
Oct. 16
446 ............
..............................................................
743 ...............
809
1942
Mar. 27
199 ............
1001 .....................................................
182 ...............
1001–1005
Apr. 2
208 ............
..............................................................
198 ...............
723
June 20
426 ............
..............................................................
372 ...............
109
Oct. 9
585 ............
..............................................................
779 ...............
809
336
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Dec. 7
690 ............
..............................................................
1041 .............
723a
Dec. 8
696 ............
..............................................................
1043 .............
806
697 ............
..............................................................
1044 .............
155
Dec. 24
819 ............
..............................................................
1085 .............
806
1943
July 12
221 ............
1(1st proviso on p. 507 words before
semicolon).
507 ...............
117
July 13
230 ............
..............................................................
553 ...............
156
Dec. 17
344 ............
..............................................................
600 ...............
703
1944
Jan. 20
2 ................
1, 3 ......................................................
4 ...................
739, 742, 801
June 28
302 ............
201(1st proviso on p. 558) ..................
558 ...............
117
July 1
368 ............
..............................................................
677 ...............
801, 803
373 ............
713(12th par. on p. 716) ....................
716 ...............
152
Sept. 27
415 ............
..............................................................
745 ...............
742
418 ............
..............................................................
746 ...............
136, 801
419 ............
..............................................................
747 ...............
809
Sept. 28
446 ............
..............................................................
755 ...............
742
Dec. 19
608 ............
..............................................................
816 ...............
151, 154, 167,
216
Dec. 22
662 ............
..............................................................
886 ...............
1001, 1002
1945
Oct. 11
410 ............
..............................................................
544 ...............
809
Oct. 29
437 ............
..............................................................
551 ...............
224
438 ............
..............................................................
551 ...............
102
Nov. 21
490 ............
..............................................................
585 ...............
742
Dec. 28
590 ............
1(c) ......................................................
658 ...............
1001, 1006
591 ............
1, 2, 4–6 ..............................................
659 ...............
232–237
Dec. 29
652 ............
7(c), (d) ...............................................
672 ...............
203, 215
1946
July 2
534 ............
..............................................................
416 ...............
703, 721a,
724
July 31
708 ............
..............................................................
721 ...............
601
Aug. 7
768 ............
..............................................................
865 ...............
110
Aug. 9
945 ............
..............................................................
975 ...............
212a, 213
Aug. 13
958 ............
5(related to § 611) ...............................
1049 .............
152
1947
May 16
72 ..............
..............................................................
97 .................
727
May 31
87 ..............
..............................................................
121 ...............
731, 732, 734,
735
July 1
194 ............
..............................................................
240 ...............
742
July 9
211 ............
1(2d proviso beginning on p. 292
words before semicolon).
292 ...............
103a
July 22
289 ............
..............................................................
401 ...............
237
July 23
304 ............
..............................................................
414 ...............
3b, 739
July 30
384 ............
..............................................................
630 ...............
148
1948
Feb. 28
83 ..............
9(b)(related to § 711) ..........................
47 .................
152
May 19
311 ............
..............................................................
241 ...............
204, 206
May 25
338 ............
..............................................................
268 ...............
137
June 1
360 ............
..............................................................
281 ...............
724a
June 3
403 ............
..............................................................
335 ...............
210
June 25
656 ............
..............................................................
1026 .............
732
July 1
783 ............
..............................................................
1206 .............
155
1949
June 29
274 ............
..............................................................
282 ...............
724a
Oct. 15
695 ............
5(a)(related to Commissioner of Immi-
gration and Naturalization).
880 ...............
102
1950
June 30
423 ............
..............................................................
306 ...............
1184(note)
443 ............
..............................................................
316 ...............
1440(note)
July 28
503 ............
6 ...........................................................
380 ...............
1555
Aug. 1
512 ............
4 ...........................................................
384 ...............
703
1421l
Aug. 19
759 ............
..............................................................
464 ...............
239
Sept. 23
1024 ..........
22–30 ...................................................
1006 .............
137–137–8,
156, 456, 457,
704, 705, 725,
729, 733–735
1951
Mar. 19
9 ................
..............................................................
5 ...................
239
June 19
144 ............
21 .........................................................
89 .................
.......
........................
Aug. 16
321 ............
..............................................................
191 ...............
723,
1435(note)
1952
Feb. 29
49 ..............
3 ...........................................................
10 .................
398a, 727a
337
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Mar. 20
108 ............
..............................................................
26 .................
110, 144
Apr. 9
171 ............
..............................................................
50 .................
1184(note)
June 18
442 ............
..............................................................
138 ...............
156
June 27
477 ............
(less 402(a)–(d)) ..................................
163 ...............
1101,
1101(note),
1102–1105,
1151–1182,
1183, 1184,
1185, 1186,
1186a, 1187,
1201, 1202–
1222, 1224–
1255, 1255a,
1256–1259,
1281–1324a,
1324b, 1325–
1353, 1354–
1401, 1402–
1408, 1409–
1435,
1435(note),
1436–1440,
1440(note),
1440–1,
1441–1455,
1457–1481,
1483, 1488–
1522, 1523,
1524, 1552
1446
1421l
App.
177
App.
1952–1955,
1961
1953
June 30
162 ............
..............................................................
108 ...............
1440a–1440d
1954
June 18
323 ............
..............................................................
264 ...............
1184a
July 20
553 ............
..............................................................
495 ...............
1435(note)
Sept. 3
1254 ..........
..............................................................
1145 .............
1154(note)
1256 ..........
..............................................................
1146 .............
1481,
1481(note)
1263 ..........
6, 17, 18 ..............................................
1227, 1232 ..
1252, 1353c,
1451
1956
Feb. 10
31 ..............
..............................................................
11 .................
214
Mar. 16
85 ..............
..............................................................
50 .................
1401a
June 20
414 ............
201(1st proviso on p. 307) ..................
307 ...............
1553
July 18
629 ............
301 .......................................................
575 ...............
1182, 1251
Aug. 1
841 ............
33 .........................................................
890 ...............
2705
849 ............
6(b) ......................................................
900 ...............
855
1957
Sept. 11
85–316 ......
..............................................................
639 ...............
1101,
1151(note),
1153,
1153(note),
1201a(note),
1255b, 1434
1958
July 7
85–508 ......
21–26 ...................................................
351 ...............
1101, 1182,
1404(note),
1421, 1455
July 18
85–531 ......
..............................................................
375 ...............
1184(note)
July 25
85–559 ......
..............................................................
419 ...............
1182(note)
Aug. 8
85–616 ......
..............................................................
546 ...............
1259
Aug. 20
85–697 ......
..............................................................
687 ...............
1430, 1434
Aug. 21
85–700 ......
..............................................................
699 ...............
1153(note),
1255
Sept. 2
85–892 ......
..............................................................
1712 .............
.......
........................
1959
Mar. 18
86–3 ..........
20 .........................................................
13 .................
1101, 1182,
1405(note),
1421
Aug. 4
86–129 ......
..............................................................
274 ...............
1485, 1486
Sept. 9
86–253 ......
..............................................................
490 ...............
1182c, 1205
Sept. 14
86–267 ......
..............................................................
552 ...............
217a
338
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Sept. 22
86–363 ......
..............................................................
644 ...............
1153,
1153(note),
1155
1960
July 14
86–648 ......
..............................................................
504 ...............
1182,
1182(note),
1205, 1251,
1255
1961
Sept. 21
87–256 ......
109 .......................................................
534 ...............
1101, 1182,
1258
Sept. 26
87–301 ......
..............................................................
650 ...............
1101, 1105a,
1105a(note),
1152,
1153(note),
1155, 1182–
1182c, 1201,
1202, 1205,
1251, 1251a,
1255a(note),
1421, 1440,
1451, 1481,
1486
1962
June 28
87–510 ......
..............................................................
121 ...............
1104,
1182(note)
1925, 1951,
2601,
2601(note),
2602–2605
Oct. 24
87–885 ......
..............................................................
1247 .............
1153(note),
1154, 1254
1964
Aug. 14
88–426 ......
305(43) ................................................
428 ...............
1104
Oct. 7
88–634 ......
201(proviso under heading ‘‘assistance
to refugees in the United States’’).
1021 .............
2601
1965
Apr. 11
89–10 ........
4401–4410 ...........................................
.......
......................
3121–3130
Oct. 3
89–236 ......
..............................................................
911 ...............
1101, 1151,
1151(note),
1152–1156,
1181, 1182,
1182(note),
1201, 1202,
1204, 1251,
1253–1255,
1255(note),
1259, 1322,
1351
1966
Nov. 2
89–710 ......
..............................................................
1104 .............
1101
89–732 ......
3 ...........................................................
1161 .............
1255(note)
Nov. 6
89–770 ......
..............................................................
1322 .............
1401
1967
Dec. 18
90–215 ......
..............................................................
661 ...............
1430
1968
June 29
90–369 ......
..............................................................
279 ...............
1430
July 26
90–428 ......
..............................................................
446 ...............
213, 214,
217a,
217a(note)
Oct. 21
90–609 ......
..............................................................
1199 .............
1351, 1455
Oct. 24
90–633 ......
..............................................................
1343 .............
1429, 1439,
1440, 1440e
1969
Dec. 5
91–136 ......
..............................................................
283 ...............
1447
1970
Apr. 7
91–225 ......
..............................................................
116 ...............
1101, 1182,
1184
July 10
91–313 ......
..............................................................
413 ...............
1183, 1363
Oct. 26
91–510 ......
421, 422 ..............................................
1189 .............
1106,
1106(note)
1971
May 14
92–14 ........
..............................................................
38 .................
214, 214(note)
339
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1972
Oct. 27
92–584 ......
..............................................................
1289 .............
1401, 1401b
1974
Sept. 17
93–417 ......
..............................................................
1151 .............
214
Oct. 20
93–461 ......
..............................................................
1387 .............
331–339
1975
Nov. 29
94–141 ......
501(a) ..................................................
771 ...............
2601
Dec. 16
94–155 ......
..............................................................
824 ...............
1101
1976
Apr. 21
94–274 ......
118 .......................................................
389 ...............
1151(note),
1151a(note)
Sept. 14
94–412 ......
501(a) ..................................................
1258 .............
1481
Oct. 12
94–484 ......
601, 602, 906 ......................................
2300, 2325 ..
1101,
1101(note),
1182,
1182(note)
Oct. 18
94–550 ......
7 ...........................................................
2535 .............
1357
Oct. 20
94–571 ......
1–7, 9, 10 ............................................
2703, 2707 ..
1101,
1101(note),
1151–1153,
1153(note),
1154, 1181,
1182, 1251,
1254, 1255
1977
Aug. 1
95–83 ........
307(q) ..................................................
394 ...............
1101,
1101(note),
1182,
1182(note)
Aug. 17
95–105 ......
109(b) ..................................................
847 ...............
1101, 1104,
1104(note),
1105
Oct. 28
95–145 ......
..............................................................
1223 .............
1255(note)
2601(note)
1978
Sept. 17
95–370 ......
401 .......................................................
627 ...............
1182(note)
Oct. 5
95–412 ......
..............................................................
907 ...............
1151,
1151(note),
1152, 1153,
1182(note)
95–417 ......
..............................................................
917 ...............
1153, 1154,
1431–1434
Oct. 7
95–426 ......
124, 126, 707 ......................................
971, 992 ......
1185
211a,
2691(note)
Oct. 10
95–431 ......
605 .......................................................
1045 .............
1182(note)
95–432 ......
..............................................................
1046 .............
1401,
1401(note),
1481, 1482,
1484–1487
Oct. 30
95–549 ......
..............................................................
2065 .............
1182, 1251,
1253, 1254
2601(note)
Nov. 2
95–579 ......
3 ...........................................................
2474 .............
1423
95–582 ......
2 ...........................................................
2479 .............
1324
1979
Sept. 27
96–70 ........
3201 .....................................................
496 ...............
1101,
1101(note),
1182,
1182(note)
Nov. 30
96–132 ......
23 .........................................................
1050 .............
1151(note)
340
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1980
Mar. 17
96–212 ......
(less §§ 101, 203(i)(related to the first
section 
of 
Pub. 
L. 
89–732),
313(c)(2), 401).
102 ...............
1101,
1101(note),
1151–1153,
1153(note),
1157,
1157(note),
1158,
1158(note),
1159, 1181,
1182,
1182(note),
1253, 1254,
1255(note),
1521,
1521(note),
1522,
1522(note),
1523–1525
2601,
2601(note)
Oct. 10
96–422 ......
..............................................................
1799 .............
1522(note)
96–424 ......
..............................................................
1820 .............
1522(note)
Oct. 17
96–465 ......
2206(a)(10) .........................................
2162 .............
2605
Oct. 19
96–470 ......
207 .......................................................
2245 .............
1154
Dec. 17
96–538 ......
404 .......................................................
3192 .............
1182
1981
Aug. 13
97–35 ........
525, 526, 541–547, 1502 ....................
450, 458,
459, 750.
1522(note),
1524(note)
239a
Dec. 29
97–113 ......
714 .......................................................
1548 .............
1152(note)
97–116 ......
..............................................................
1611 .............
1101,
1101(note),
1105a, 1151,
1151(note),
1152, 1154,
1182,
1182(note),
1201, 1203,
1221, 1227,
1251–1255,
1255b, 1258,
1305, 1324,
1356, 1361,
1401a, 1409,
1427, 1431–
1433, 1439,
1440, 1445–
1448, 1452,
1455, 1481,
1483
1429
1982
Aug. 24
97–241 ......
116, 117 ‘‘Sec. 33’’ .............................
279 ...............
214, 217a,
217a(note),
2705
Sept. 30
97–271 ......
..............................................................
1157 .............
1255(note)
Oct. 22
97–359 ......
..............................................................
1716 .............
1154
Oct. 25
97–363 ......
..............................................................
1734 .............
1101(note),
1522,
1522(note),
1523, 1524
1983
Nov. 22
98–164 ......
1011(a)(1), (b) ....................................
1061 .............
1522
2691(note)
1984
Oct. 5
98–454 ......
602 .......................................................
1737 .............
1182, 1184
Oct. 12
98–473 ......
101(d)(last par.), 220 ..........................
1877, 2027 ..
1182, 1252,
1522,
1522(note)
Oct. 30
Priv. L. 98–
47.
3 ...........................................................
3435 .............
1101
Priv. L. 98–
53.
..............................................................
3437 .............
1101(note)
1985
Aug. 16
99–93 ........
111–113, 132 ......................................
410, 420 ......
1182(note)
2601, 2605,
2605(note),
2606
Dec. 4
99–169 ......
601 .......................................................
1007 .............
1427
341
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
1986
Aug. 27
99–396 ......
15, 16 ..................................................
100
842 ...............
1182, 1408,
1408(note),
1452,
1452(note)
Oct. 18
99–500 ......
205, 206 ..............................................
100
1783–53 .......
1222, 1223,
1356
Oct. 21
99–505 ......
..............................................................
100
1806 .............
1101,
1101(note)
Oct. 27
99–570 ......
1751(a)–(d) .........................................
100
3207–47 .......
1182,
1182(note),
1251, 1357
Oct. 30
99–591 ......
205, 206 ..............................................
100
3341–53 .......
1222, 1223,
1356
Nov. 6
99–603 ......
101(a), (c)–(f), 102, 111(b), (c), 112–
114, 116, 117, 201(a), 202–204,
301(a)–(e), (g), 302(a), 303(a)–(c),
304, 311–314, 315(a), (b), (d), (e),
401, 403, 406–501, 701, 702.
100
3360, 3373,
3374,
3381,
3384,
3394,
3404,
3411,
3417,
3422,
3431,
3434,
3440,
3441,
3443, 3445.
1101,
1101(note),
1152,
1152(note),
1153(note),
1160,
1160(note),
1161, 1184,
1186,
1186(note),
1187, 1251,
1252, 1254,
1255, 1255a,
1255a(note),
1258, 1259,
1259(note),
1321, 1324,
1324a,
1324a(note),
1324b,
1324b(note),
1357, 1364
405(note)
99–605 ......
..............................................................
100
3449 .............
1101(note),
1522,
1522(note),
1523, 1524
Nov. 10
99–639 ......
..............................................................
100
3537 .............
1101(note),
1154,
1154(note),
1182,
1182(note),
1184,
1184(note),
1186a, 1251,
1255, 1325
Nov. 14
99–653 ......
1–20, 22 ..............................................
100
3655, 3658 ..
1101,
1101(note),
1152,
1153(note),
1182, 1201,
1201a, 1202,
1228, 1251,
1301, 1302,
1304, 1401,
1409, 1431–
1433, 1451,
1452, 1481,
1483
1987
July 11
100–71 ......
(par. under heading ‘‘General Provi-
sions—Department of Justice’’).
101
394 ...............
1356
Dec. 22
100–202 ....
211, 702, 622(b) .................................
101
1329–18,
1329–39,
1329–428.
1160,
1201(note)
211a(note)
100–204 ....
745, 806(c), 903 ..................................
101
1396, 1399,
1401.
1182,
1201(note)
2601(note)
1988
Jan. 11
100–239 ....
5(f)(3) ..................................................
101
1781 .............
8704(note)
Apr. 28
100–297 ....
1001, 6209 ..........................................
102
242, 427 ......
3121–3130,
3130(note)
Sept. 28
100–449 ....
307 .......................................................
102
1876 .............
1184
2112(note)
Oct. 1
100–459 ....
209, 210 ..............................................
102
2203 .............
1101,
1101(note),
1356, 1455
342
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Oct. 24
100–525 ....
2(a)(1), (b), (d)–(f)(1), (h)(1), (i)–
(l )(3), (4)(less related to § 301(f)),
(5), (m)–(q), 3–8(o ), (q), 9.
102
2609, 2610,
2611,
2612,
2614,
2618, 2619.
1101,
1101(note),
1102–1104,
1105a, 1152,
1153(note),
1154, 1157,
1160, 1161,
1182,
1182(note),
1184, 1186,
1186a, 1187,
1188,
1188(note),
1201, 1201a,
1202, 1222–
1224, 1227,
1227(note),
1251, 1252,
1254,
1254(note),
1255, 1255a,
1255a(note),
1255b, 1259,
1301, 1302,
1304, 1305,
1324, 1324a,
1324b, 1353,
1356,
1356(note),
1357, 1360,
1408, 1409,
1421, 1422,
1424, 1426,
1431–1433,
1435, 1440,
1441, 1446,
1447, 1451,
1452, 1454,
1455, 1459,
1481, 1483,
1489, 1522,
1522(note),
1523, 1524
Nov. 15
100–658 ....
..............................................................
102
3908 .............
1101(note),
1153(note)
Nov. 18
100–690 ....
7341–7350 ...........................................
102
4469 .............
1101,
1103(note),
1105a, 1182,
1182(note),
1251,
1251(note),
1252,
1252(note),
1252a,
1252a(note),
1254, 1326,
1326(note),
1327,
1327(note)
1989
Nov. 21
101–162 ....
(2d, 3d provisos beginning on p.
1000), 611.
103
1000, 1038 ..
1101,
1101(note),
1255a(note),
1356
101–166 ....
(par. under heading ‘‘Interim Assist-
ance to States for Legalization’’).
103
1174 .............
1255a(note)
Dec. 18
101–238 ....
3, 4, 6 ..................................................
103
2100, 2104 ..
1101, 1160,
1182(note),
1255a(note)
1990
Feb. 16
101–246 ....
131, 407, 701 ......................................
104
31, 67, 74 ....
1101,
1102(note),
1182
2606
Mar. 6
101–249 ....
..............................................................
104
94 .................
1101(note),
1440–1
Nov. 5
101–515 ....
210(a), (d) ...........................................
104
2120, 2121 ..
1356
101–517 ....
(par. under heading ‘‘Interim Assist-
ance to States for Legalization’’).
104
2206 .............
1255a(note)
101–604 ....
203(d) ..................................................
104
3083 .............
1380(note)
343
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Nov. 29
101–649 ....
101(a), (b), 102–104, 111, 121–124,
131, 133, 134, 142, 151, 153, 155,
161, 162(a)–(e)(3), (6), (f)(2), (3),
201–207(b), 208, 209, 222, 223,
231, 302(a), (b), 303, 401–404,
406, 407, 501–506, 508–511, 513–
515, 
521, 
531–539, 
541–545,
601(a), (b), (d), (e), 602(a), (b),
(d), 603(a)(1)–(19), (21), (24),
(b)(1)–(4), 701–705.
104
4980, 4987,
5000,
5005,
5007,
5011,
5012,
5026,
5028,
5030,
5036,
5040,
5048,
5051,
5052,
5075,
5082,
5084, 5085.
1101,
1101(notes),
1102, 1103,
1105a,
1105a(notes),
1151, 1152,
1152(note),
1153,
1153(notes),
1154,
1154(note),
1157, 1158,
1158(note),
1159,
1159(notes),
1160,
1160(note),
1161,
1161(note),
1181, 1182,
1182(notes),
1183, 1184,
1186a,
1186a(note),
1186b, 1187,
1187(note),
1201, 1221,
1221(note),
1224–1227,
1229, 1251,
1251(notes),
1252,
1252(notes),
1252a,
1252a(note),
1252b,
1252b(note),
1253–1254a,
1254a(note),
1255,
1255(note),
1255a, 1259,
1281, 1282,
1284–1288,
1288(note),
1304, 1321–
1323, 1324a,
1324a(notes),
1324b,
1324b(notes),
1324c, 1325–
1328, 1330,
1330(note),
1357, 1421,
1423, 1424,
1426–1430,
1433, 1435–
1440, 1441–
1451, 1455,
1459,
1429
2691
1991
July 2
102–65 ......
..............................................................
105
322 ...............
1254a(note)
Oct. 1
102–110 ....
..............................................................
105
555 ...............
1101,
1101(notes),
1153, 1255
Nov. 26
102–170 ....
(pars. under heading ‘‘Interim Assist-
ance to States for Legalization’’).
105
1124 .............
1255a(note)
344
Schedule of Laws Repealed—Continued
Statutes at Large
Date
Chapter or
Public Law
Section
Statutes at Large
U.S. Code
Vol-
ume
Page
Title
Section
Dec. 12
102–232 ....
101, 102, 201, 202(a), 203–208,
302(a)(1), 
(3), 
(b)(2)–(5), 
(7),
(d)(2), 
(3), 
(5), 
(e)(1)–(9),
303(a)(1)–(12), (14), (b)(3), (4),
304(b), (c)(related to aliens de-
scribed in par. (2)(B)), 305(a)–(m),
306(a)(1)–(5), (7)–(13), (b), (c),
307(a)–(l )(7), (m), 308–310.
105
1733, 1742,
1743,
1744,
1745,
1746,
1748,
1749,
1751, 1757.
1101,
1101(notes),
1102, 1105a,
1105a(note),
1151–1153,
1153(notes),
1154, 1157,
1157(note),
1158(note),
1159, 1160,
1160(note),
1161, 1182,
1182(note),
1184,
1184(note),
1186a, 1186b,
1187, 1188,
1201, 1221,
1226, 1227,
1229, 1251,
1251(notes),
1252,
1252(note),
1252a, 1252b,
1254, 1254a,
1254a(note),
1255,
1255(note),
1255a, 1281,
1282, 1284,
1288, 1322,
1323, 1324a–
1324c, 1325,
1356,
1356(note),
1357, 1421,
1421(note),
1423, 1424,
1433, 1439,
1440, 1441,
1443, 1445–
1452, 1455
1992
Oct. 6
102–394 ....
(pars under heading ‘‘Interim Assist-
ance to States for Legalization’’).
106
1808 .............
1255a(note)
102–395 ....
112, 610 ..............................................
106
1843, 1874 ..
1153(note),
1356
Oct. 23
102–484 ....
1079 .....................................................
106
2514 .............
1224(note)
1993
June 8
103–37 ......
..............................................................
107
107 ...............
1524
June 10
103–43 ......
2007 .....................................................
107
210 ...............
1182,
1182(note)
Oct. 27
103–121 ....
(words on p. 1161 before heading
‘‘Immigration Emergency Fund’’).
107
1161 .............
1356,
1356(note)
Dec. 8
103–182 ....
341, 342 ..............................................
107
2116 .............
1184
3401
Dec. 17
103–198 ....
8(a)–(c)(1) ...........................................
107
2313 .............
1288
Dec. 20
103–206 ....
323(a)–(c)(1) .......................................
107
2428 .............
1288
Revised Statutes
Revised Statutes Section
United States Code
Title
Section
1995 .............................................................................
1999 .............................................................................
2032, 2033 ...................................................................
61, 62
2037 .............................................................................
2169 .............................................................................
359
4076, 4077 ...................................................................
212, 218
United States Code
Title
Section
18 ......................................................
1429
18 ......................................................
item 1429 in analysis of ch. 69
345
Reorganization Plans
Year
Plan
No.
Section
Statutes at Large
Volume
Page
1940 .........
.................................................................................................
1238
1977 .........
7(a)(8) .....................................................................................
1637
Executive Orders
Date
Order
No.
Section
1933
June 10 .
6166
(c) ACT OF FEBRUARY 14, 1917.—The Act of February 14, 1917 (ch.
64, 39 Stat. 919), is repealed. An action taken or offense committed under
that Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under section 871 of
title 18, United States Code.
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