278 
Departments of Agriculture and Energy; 
and 
‘‘(iv) activities under this section are 
carried out in accordance with this section. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—To avoid duplication of 
effort, the Advisory Committee shall coordinate its 
activities with those of other Federal advisory com-
mittees working in related areas. 
‘‘(5) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Committee 
shall meet at least quarterly to enable the Advisory 
Committee to carry out the duties of the Advisory 
Committee. 
‘‘(6) TERMS.—Members of the Advisory Com-
mittee shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, ex-
cept that— 
‘‘(A) one-third of the members initially ap-
pointed shall be appointed for a term of 1 year; 
and 
‘‘(B) one-third of the members initially ap-
pointed shall be appointed for a term of 2 
years. 
‘‘(g) BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INI-
TIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture and the Secretary of Energy, acting through
279 
their respective points of contact and in consultation 
with the Board, shall establish and carry out a Bio-
mass Research and Development Initiative under 
which competitively awarded grants, contracts, and 
financial assistance are provided to, or entered into 
with, eligible entities to carry out research on, and 
development and demonstration of, biobased fuels 
and biobased products, and the methods, practices 
and technologies, for their production. 
‘‘(2) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the Initia-
tive are to develop— 
‘‘(A) technologies and processes necessary 
for abundant commercial production of biobased 
fuels at prices competitive with fossil fuels; 
‘‘(B) high-value biobased products— 
‘‘(i) to enhance the economic viability 
of biobased fuels and power; and 
‘‘(ii) as substitutes for petroleum- 
based feedstocks and products; and 
‘‘(C) a diversity of sustainable domestic 
sources of biomass for conversion to biobased 
fuels and biobased products. 
‘‘(3) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Initiative 
are—
280 
‘‘(A) to increase the energy security of the 
United States; 
‘‘(B) to create jobs and enhance the eco-
nomic development of the rural economy; 
‘‘(C) to enhance the environment and pub-
lic health; and 
‘‘(D) to diversify markets for raw agricul-
tural and forestry products. 
‘‘(4) TECHNICAL AREAS.—To advance the ob-
jectives and purposes of the Initiative, the Secretary 
of Agriculture and the Secretary of Energy, in con-
sultation with the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency and heads of other appro-
priate departments and agencies (referred to in this 
subsection as the ‘Secretaries’), shall direct research 
and development toward— 
‘‘(A) feedstock production through the de-
velopment of crops and cropping systems rel-
evant to production of raw materials for conver-
sion to biobased fuels and biobased products, 
including— 
‘‘(i) development of advanced and 
dedicated crops with desired features, in-
cluding enhanced productivity, broader site
281 
range, low requirements for chemical in-
puts, and enhanced processing; 
‘‘(ii) advanced crop production meth-
ods to achieve the features described in 
clause (i); 
‘‘(iii) feedstock harvest, handling, 
transport, and storage; and 
‘‘(iv) strategies for integrating feed-
stock production into existing managed 
land; 
‘‘(B) overcoming recalcitrance of cellulosic 
biomass through developing technologies for 
converting cellulosic biomass into intermediates 
that can subsequently be converted into 
biobased fuels and biobased products, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) pretreatment in combination with 
enzymatic or microbial hydrolysis; and 
‘‘(ii) thermochemical approaches, in-
cluding gasification and pyrolysis; 
‘‘(C) product diversification through tech-
nologies relevant to production of a range of 
biobased products (including chemicals, animal 
feeds, and cogenerated power) that eventually
282 
can increase the feasibility of fuel production in 
a biorefinery, including— 
‘‘(i) catalytic processing, including 
thermochemical fuel production; 
‘‘(ii) metabolic engineering, enzyme 
engineering, and fermentation systems for 
biological production of desired products or 
cogeneration of power; 
‘‘(iii) product recovery; 
‘‘(iv) power production technologies; 
and 
‘‘(v) integration into existing biomass 
processing facilities, including starch eth-
anol plants, sugar processing or refining 
plants, paper mills, and power plants; and 
‘‘(D) analysis that provides strategic guid-
ance for the application of biomass technologies 
in accordance with realization of improved sus-
tainability and environmental quality, cost ef-
fectiveness, security, and rural economic devel-
opment, usually featuring system-wide ap-
proaches. 
‘‘(5) ADDITIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS.—Within 
the technical areas described in paragraph (4), and 
in addition to advancing the purposes described in
283 
paragraph (3) and the objectives described in para-
graph (2), the Secretaries shall support research and 
development— 
‘‘(A) to create continuously expanding op-
portunities for participants in existing biofuels 
production by seeking synergies and continuity 
with current technologies and practices, such as 
the use of dried distillers grains as a bridge 
feedstock; 
‘‘(B) to maximize the environmental, eco-
nomic, and social benefits of production of 
biobased fuels and biobased products on a large 
scale through life-cycle economic and environ-
mental analysis and other means; and 
‘‘(C) to assess the potential of Federal 
land and land management programs as feed-
stock resources for biobased fuels and biobased 
products, consistent with the integrity of soil 
and water resources and with other environ-
mental considerations. 
‘‘(6) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—To be eligible for a 
grant, contract, or assistance under this subsection, 
an applicant shall be— 
‘‘(A) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(B) a National Laboratory;
285 
‘‘(II) encourage the integration 
of disciplines and application of the 
best technical resources; and 
‘‘(III) increase the geographic di-
versity of demonstration projects. 
‘‘(B) DISTRIBUTION
OF
FUNDING
BY 
TECHNICAL AREA.—Of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated for activities described in this 
subsection, funds shall be distributed for each 
of fiscal years 2007 through 2012 so as to 
achieve an approximate distribution of— 
‘‘(i) 20 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for feedstock production 
under paragraph (4)(A); 
‘‘(ii) 45 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for overcoming recalcitrance 
of cellulosic biomass under paragraph 
(4)(B); 
‘‘(iii) 30 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for product diversification 
under paragraph (4)(C); and 
‘‘(iv) 5 percent of the funds to carry 
out activities for strategic guidance under 
paragraph (4)(D).
286 
‘‘(C) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDING WITHIN 
EACH TECHNICAL AREA.—Within each technical 
area described in subparagraphs (A) through 
(C) of paragraph (4), funds shall be distributed 
for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2012 so 
as to achieve an approximate distribution of— 
‘‘(i) 15 percent of the funds for ap-
plied fundamentals; 
‘‘(ii) 35 percent of the funds for inno-
vation; and 
‘‘(iii) 50 percent of the funds for dem-
onstration. 
‘‘(D) MATCHING FUNDS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A minimum 20 
percent funding match shall be required 
for demonstration projects under this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(ii) COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS.—A 
minimum of 50 percent funding match 
shall be required for commercial applica-
tion projects under this section. 
‘‘(E) TECHNOLOGY
AND
INFORMATION 
TRANSFER TO AGRICULTURAL USERS.—The Ad-
ministrator of the Cooperative State Research, 
Education, and Extension Service and the Chief
287 
of the Natural Resources Conservation Service 
shall ensure that applicable research results and 
technologies from the Initiative are adapted, 
made available, and disseminated through those 
services, as appropriate. 
‘‘(h) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT AND FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To the extent administra-
tive support and funds are not provided by other 
agencies under paragraph (2)(b), the Secretary of 
Energy and the Secretary of Agriculture may pro-
vide such administrative support and funds of the 
Department of Energy and the Department of Agri-
culture to the Board and the Advisory Committee as 
are necessary to enable the Board and the Advisory 
Committee to carry out their duties under this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(2) OTHER
AGENCIES.—The heads of the 
agencies referred to in subsection (e)(2)(C), and the 
other 
members 
appointed 
under 
subsection 
(e)(2)(D), may, and are encouraged to, provide ad-
ministrative support and funds of their respective 
agencies to the Board and the Advisory Committee. 
‘‘(3) LIMITATION.—Not more than 4 percent of 
the amount appropriated for each fiscal year under
288 
subsection (g)(6) may be used to pay the adminis-
trative costs of carrying out this section. 
‘‘(i) REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) ANNUAL REPORTS.—For each fiscal year 
for which funds are made available to carry out this 
section, the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary 
of Agriculture shall jointly submit to Congress a de-
tailed report on— 
‘‘(A) the status and progress of the Initia-
tive, including a report from the Advisory Com-
mittee on whether funds appropriated for the 
Initiative have been distributed and used in a 
manner that— 
‘‘(i) is consistent with the objectives, 
purposes, and additional considerations de-
scribed in paragraphs (2) through (5) of 
subsection (g); 
‘‘(ii) uses the set of criteria estab-
lished in the initial report submitted under 
title III of the Agricultural Risk Protection 
Act of 2000; 
‘‘(iii) achieves the distribution of 
funds described in subparagraphs (B) and 
(C) of subsection (g)(7); and
289 
‘‘(iv) takes into account any rec-
ommendations that have been made by the 
Advisory Committee; 
‘‘(B) the general status of cooperation and 
research and development efforts carried out at 
each agency with respect to biobased fuels and 
biobased products, including a report from the 
Advisory Committee on whether the points of 
contact are funding proposals that are selected 
under subsection (g)(3)(B)(iii); and 
‘‘(C) the plans of the Secretary of Energy 
and the Secretary of Agriculture for addressing 
concerns raised in the report, including con-
cerns raised by the Advisory Committee. 
‘‘(2) UPDATES.—The Secretary and the Sec-
retary of Energy shall update the Vision and Road-
map documents prepared for Federal biomass re-
search and development activities. 
‘‘(j) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Com-
modity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Agri-
culture shall make available to carry out this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(A) $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
‘‘(B) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
290 
‘‘(C) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 
‘‘(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 
and 
‘‘(E) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2012. 
‘‘(2) CONTINUATION OF OPERATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) FUNDING.—The Secretary shall con-
tinue to carry out this section at the rate of op-
eration in effect on September 30, 2012, from 
sums in the Treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, through September 30, 2017. 
‘‘(B) AUTHORITY.—The program and au-
thorities provided under this section shall con-
tinue in force and effect through September 30, 
2017.’’. 
(b) REPEAL.—Title III of the Agricultural Risk Pro-
tection Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–224) is hereby re-
pealed. 
SEC. 5008. ADJUSTMENTS TO THE BIOENERGY PROGRAM. 
Section 9010 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8108) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘and’’;