H. R. 4346—4 
Sec. 10396. Authorities. 
Sec. 10397. Coordination of activities. 
Sec. 10398. Ethical, legal, and societal considerations. 
Sec. 10399. Reports and roadmaps. 
Sec. 10399A. Evaluation. 
Subtitle H—Administrative Amendments 
Sec. 10399D. Supporting veterans in STEM careers. 
Sec. 10399E. Sunshine Act compliance. 
Sec. 10399F. Science and engineering indicators report submission. 
TITLE IV—BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
Sec. 10401. Definitions. 
Sec. 10402. National engineering biology research and development initiative. 
Sec. 10403. Initiative coordination. 
Sec. 10404. Advisory committee on engineering biology research and development. 
Sec. 10405. External review of ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and 
societal issues. 
Sec. 10406. Agency activities. 
Sec. 10407. Rule of construction. 
TITLE V—BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE 
Subtitle A—STEM Opportunities 
Sec. 10501. Federal research agency policies for caregivers. 
Sec. 10502. Collection and reporting of data on federal research awards. 
Sec. 10503. Policies for review of Federal research awards. 
Sec. 10504. Collection of data on demographics of faculty. 
Sec. 10505. Cultural and institutional barriers to expanding the academic and Fed-
eral STEM workforce. 
Sec. 10506. Existing activities. 
Sec. 10507. Report to Congress. 
Sec. 10508. Merit review. 
Sec. 10509. Determination of budgetary effects. 
Sec. 10510. Definition. 
Subtitle B—Rural STEM Education Research 
Sec. 10511. Definition. 
Sec. 10512. National Science Foundation rural STEM activities. 
Sec. 10513. Opportunities for online education. 
Sec. 10514. National Academies evaluation. 
Sec. 10515. GAO review. 
Sec. 10516. NIST engagement with rural communities. 
Subtitle C—MSI STEM Achievement 
Sec. 10521. GAO review. 
Sec. 10522. Agency responsibilities. 
Sec. 10523. Research at the National Science Foundation. 
Sec. 10524. Capacity-building program for developing universities. 
Sec. 10525. Tribal Colleges and Universities program. 
Sec. 10526. Definitions. 
Subtitle D—Combating Sexual Harassment in Science 
Sec. 10531. Findings. 
Sec. 10532. Purpose. 
Sec. 10533. Definition. 
Sec. 10534. Research awards. 
Sec. 10535. Responsible Conduct Guide. 
Sec. 10536. Interagency working group. 
Sec. 10537. National Academies assessment. 
Sec. 10538. GAO study. 
Sec. 10539. Authorization of appropriations. 
TITLE VI—MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS 
Subtitle A—Supporting Early-career Researchers 
Sec. 10601. Early-career research fellowship program. 
Sec. 10602. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle B—National Science and Technology Strategy 
Sec. 10611. National science and technology strategy.
H. R. 4346—5 
Sec. 10612. Strategy and report on the Nation’s economic security, science, re-
search, and innovation to support the national security strategy. 
Sec. 10613. Quadrennial science and technology review. 
Subtitle C—Regional Innovation 
Sec. 10621. Regional innovation capacity. 
Sec. 10622. Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program. 
Subtitle D—Research Security 
Sec. 10631. Requirements for foreign talent recruitment programs. 
Sec. 10632. Malign foreign talent recruitment program prohibition. 
Sec. 10633. Review of contracts and agreements. 
Sec. 10634. Research security training requirement for Federal research award per-
sonnel. 
Sec. 10635. Research funds accounting. 
Sec. 10636. Person or entity of concern prohibition. 
Sec. 10637. Nondiscrimination. 
Sec. 10638. Definitions. 
Subtitle E—Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation 
Sec. 10641. Short title. 
Sec. 10642. Purposes. 
Sec. 10643. Definitions. 
Sec. 10644. Interagency working group. 
Sec. 10645. Strategic research plan. 
Sec. 10646. NOAA ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10647. NSF ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10648. NASA ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10649. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle F—Interagency Working Group 
Sec. 10651. Interagency working group. 
Subtitle G—Quantum Networking and Communications 
Sec. 10661. Quantum networking and communications. 
Subtitle H—Blockchain Specialist 
Sec. 10671. Establishment of blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist position 
within OSTP. 
Subtitle I—Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation 
Sec. 10691. Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation. 
Subtitle J—Energizing Technology Transfer 
Sec. 10701. Definitions. 
PART 1—NATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAMS 
Sec. 10713. National clean energy incubator program. 
Sec. 10714. Clean energy technology university prize competition. 
Sec. 10715. Clean energy technology transfer coordination. 
PART 2—SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT THE NATIONAL LABORATORIES 
Sec. 10716. Lab partnering service pilot program. 
Sec. 10717. Lab-embedded entrepreneurship program. 
Sec. 10718. Small business voucher program. 
Sec. 10719. Entrepreneurial leave program. 
Sec. 10720. National Laboratory non-Federal employee outside employment author-
ity. 
PART 3—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY MODERNIZATION 
Sec. 10722. Office of Technology Transitions. 
Sec. 10723. Management of Department of Energy demonstration projects. 
Sec. 10724. Streamlining prize competitions. 
Sec. 10725. Cost-share waiver extension. 
Sec. 10726. Special hiring authority for scientific, engineering, and project manage-
ment personnel. 
Sec. 10727. Technology transfer reports and evaluation. 
Subtitle K—Micro Act 
Sec. 10731. Microelectronics research for energy innovation.
H. R. 4346—6 
Subtitle L—National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure Reinvestment 
Sec. 10741. Short title. 
Sec. 10742. Purposes. 
Sec. 10743. University infrastructure collaboration. 
Sec. 10744. Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement subprogram. 
Sec. 10745. Science education and human resources scholarships, fellowships, and 
research and development projects. 
Subtitle M—Steel Upgrading Partnerships and Emissions Reduction 
Sec. 10751. Low-emissions steel manufacturing research program. 
Subtitle N—Applied Laboratories Infrastructure Restoration and Modernization 
Sec. 10761. Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization. 
Subtitle O—Department of Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration 
Activities 
Sec. 10771. Department of Energy research, development, and demonstration ac-
tivities. 
Subtitle P—Fission for the Future 
Sec. 10781. Advanced nuclear technologies Federal research, development, and 
demonstration program. 
TITLE VII—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 
AUTHORIZATION ACT 
Sec. 10801. Short title. 
Sec. 10802. Definitions. 
Subtitle A—Exploration 
Sec. 10811. Moon to Mars. 
Sec. 10812. Space Launch System configurations. 
Sec. 10813. Rocket engine test infrastructure. 
Sec. 10814. Pearl River maintenance. 
Sec. 10815. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station. 
Sec. 10816. Priorities for International Space Station. 
Sec. 10817. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions. 
Subtitle B—Science 
Sec. 10821. Science priorities. 
Sec. 10822. Search for life. 
Sec. 10823. Next generation of astrophysics great observatories. 
Sec. 10824. Earth science missions and programs. 
Sec. 10825. Planetary Defense Coordination Office. 
Subtitle C—Aeronautics 
Sec. 10831. Experimental aircraft projects. 
Sec. 10832. Unmanned aircraft systems. 
Sec. 10833. Cleaner, quieter airplanes. 
Subtitle D—Space Technology 
Sec. 10841. Space nuclear capabilities. 
Sec. 10842. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology. 
Subtitle E—STEM Engagement 
Sec. 10851. Office of STEM Engagement. 
Subtitle F—Miscellaneous 
Sec. 10861. Program, workforce, and industrial base reviews. 
Sec. 10862. Modification of lease of non-excess property. 
DIVISION C—SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS THREATS TO 
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 
SEC. 2. REFERENCES. 
Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to ‘‘this 
Act’’ contained in any division of this Act shall be treated as 
referring only to the provisions of that division.
H. R. 4346—7 
DIVISION A—CHIPS ACT OF 2022 
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. 
This division may be cited as the ‘‘CHIPS Act of 2022’’. 
SEC. 102. CREATING HELPFUL INCENTIVES TO PRODUCE SEMI-
CONDUCTORS (CHIPS) FOR AMERICA FUND. 
(a) CHIPS FOR AMERICA FUND.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a fund to be known as the ‘‘Creating 
Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for 
America Fund’’ (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Fund’’) 
for the Secretary of Commerce to carry out sections 9902, 
9904, and 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4652, 4654, and 4656; Public Law 116–283). Amounts in the 
Fund to carry out sections 9904 and 9906 of Public Law 116– 
283 shall be transferred to and merged with accounts within 
the Department of Commerce to be used for such purposes, 
except that amounts transferred to carry out section 9904 of 
Public Law 116–283 shall remain available until September 
30, 2025. 
(2) APPROPRIATION.— 
(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established 
in subsection (a)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not 
otherwise appropriated— 
(i) for fiscal year 2022, $24,000,000,000, to remain 
available until expended, of which $19,000,000,000 
shall be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283, 
$2,000,000,000 shall be for subsection (c) of section 
9906 of Public Law 116–283, $2,500,000,000 shall be 
for subsection (d) of section 9906 of Public Law 116– 
283, and $500,000,000 shall be for subsections (e) and 
(f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283; 
(ii) for fiscal year 2023, $7,000,000,000 to remain 
available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall 
be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and 
$2,000,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), 
and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283; 
(iii) for fiscal year 2024, $6,300,000,000, to remain 
available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall 
be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and 
$1,300,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), 
and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283; 
(iv) for fiscal year 2025, $6,100,000,000, to remain 
available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall 
be for section 9902 of Public Law 116–283 and 
$1,100,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), 
and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283; and 
(v) for fiscal year 2026, $6,600,000,000, to remain 
available until expended, of which $5,000,000,000 shall 
be for section 9902 of Public Law 116– 283 and 
$1,600,000,000 shall be for subsections (c), (d), (e), 
and (f) of section 9906 of Public Law 116–283.
H. R. 4346—8 
(B) DIRECT LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.—The Sec-
retary of Commerce may use— 
(i) up to $6,000,000,000 of the amounts made avail-
able for fiscal year 2022 for section 9902 of Public 
Law 116–283 for the cost of direct loans and loan 
guarantees, as authorized by section 9902 of Public 
Law 116–283, provided that— 
(I) such costs, including the cost of modifying 
such loans and loan guarantees shall be as defined 
in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act 
of 1974; and 
(II) these funds are available to subsidize gross 
obligations for the principal amount of direct loans 
and total loan principal, any part of which is to 
be guaranteed, not to exceed $75,000,000,000; 
(ii) up to 2 percent of the amounts made available 
in each fiscal year for salaries and expenses, adminis-
tration, and oversight purposes to carry out sections 
9902 and 9906 of Public Law 116–283, of which 
$5,000,000 in each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026 
shall be transferred to the Office of Inspector General 
of the Department of Commerce to oversee expendi-
tures from the Fund; and 
(iii) up to $2,300,000 of the amounts made avail-
able in fiscal year 2022 to carry out section 9904 of 
Public Law 116–283. 
(3) ASSISTANCE FOR MATURE TECHNOLOGY NODES.—Of the 
amount available in fiscal year 2022 to implement section 9902 
of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652), 
$2,000,000,000 shall be to provide Federal financial assistance 
to covered entities to incentivize investment in facilities and 
equipment in the United States for the fabrication, assembly, 
testing, or packaging of semiconductors at mature technology 
nodes under subsection (e) of that section, as added by section 
103 of this Act. 
(4) ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.— 
(A) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.—The President 
shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, and 
project allocations of the full amount made available under 
subsection (a)(2)— 
(i) for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 
60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2026, 
as part of the annual budget submission of the Presi-
dent under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 
Code. 
(B) ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Committees on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives and the Senate 
may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made 
available under subsection (a)(2), including by account, 
program, and project. 
(ii) ALLOCATION BY PRESIDENT.— 
(I) NO ALTERNATE ALLOCATIONS.—If Congress 
has not enacted legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, and
H. R. 4346—9 
project, by the date on which the Act making full- 
year appropriations for the Departments of Com-
merce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies 
for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, 
only then shall amounts made available under sub-
section (a)(2) be allocated by the President or 
apportioned or allotted by account, program, and 
project pursuant to title 31, United States Code. 
(II) INSUFFICIENT ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.—If 
Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, and 
project, for amounts made available under sub-
section (a)(2) that are less than the full amount 
appropriated under that subsection, the difference 
between the amount appropriated and the alter-
nate allocation shall be allocated by the President 
and apportioned and allotted by account, program, 
and project pursuant to title 31, United States 
Code. 
(b) CHIPS FOR AMERICA DEFENSE FUND.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a fund to be known as the ‘‘Creating 
Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for 
America Defense Fund’’ (referred to in this subsection as the 
‘‘Fund’’) to provide for those requirements that are necessary 
to carry out section 9903(b) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 
U.S.C. 4653(b)). Amounts in the Fund shall be transferred 
to and merged with accounts within the Department of Defense 
to be used for such purposes. Amounts in the Fund or trans-
ferred to and merged with accounts within the Department 
of Defense may not be used for construction of facilities. 
(2) APPROPRIATION.—In addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund 
established in subsection (b)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury 
not otherwise appropriated— 
(A) for fiscal year 2023, $400,000,000, to remain avail-
able until September 30, 2023; 
(B) for fiscal year 2024, $400,000,000, to remain avail-
able until September 30, 2024; 
(C) for fiscal year 2025, $400,000,000, to remain avail-
able until September 30, 2025; 
(D) for fiscal year 2026, $400,000,000, to remain avail-
able until September 30, 2026; and 
(E) for fiscal year 2027, $400,000,000, to remain avail-
able until September 30, 2027. 
(3) ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.— 
(A) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.—The President 
shall submit to Congress detailed account, program ele-
ment, and project allocations of the full amount made avail-
able under subsection (b)(2)— 
(i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, 
as part of the annual budget submission of the Presi-
dent under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 
Code.
H. R. 4346—10 
(B) ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Committees on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives and the Senate 
may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made 
available under subsection (b)(2), including by account, 
program element, and project. 
(ii) ALLOCATION BY PRESIDENT.— 
(I) NO ALTERNATE ALLOCATIONS.—If Congress 
has not enacted legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program element, 
and project, by the date on which the Act making 
full-year appropriations for the Department of 
Defense for the applicable fiscal year is enacted 
into law, only then shall amounts made available 
under subsection (b)(2) be allocated by the Presi-
dent or apportioned or allotted by account, pro-
gram element, and project pursuant to title 31, 
United States Code. 
(II) INSUFFICIENT ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.—If 
Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program element, 
and project, for amounts made available under 
subsection (b)(2) that are less than the full amount 
appropriated under that subsection, the difference 
between the amount appropriated and the alter-
nate allocation shall be allocated by the President 
and apportioned and allotted by account, program 
element, and project pursuant to title 31, United 
States Code. 
(c) CHIPS FOR AMERICA INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SECURITY 
AND INNOVATION FUND.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a fund to be known as the ‘‘Creating 
Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for 
America International Technology Security and Innovation 
Fund’’ (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Fund’’) to provide 
for international information and communications technology 
security and semiconductor supply chain activities, including 
to support the development and adoption of secure and trusted 
telecommunications technologies, secure semiconductors, secure 
semiconductors supply chains, and other emerging technologies 
and to carry out sections 9905 and 9202(a)(2) of the William 
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4655 and 47 U.S.C. 906(a)(2)), 
as appropriate. Amounts in the Fund shall be transferred by 
the Secretary of State to accounts within the Department of 
State, the United States Agency for International Development, 
the Export-Import Bank, and the United States International 
Development Finance Corporation, as appropriate, to be used 
for such purposes and under the terms and conditions of the 
account to which transferred. 
(2) APPROPRIATION.— 
(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund established 
in subsection (c)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury not 
otherwise appropriated—
H. R. 4346—11 
(i) for fiscal year 2023, $100,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2027; 
(ii) for fiscal year 2024, $100,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2028; 
(iii) for fiscal year 2025, $100,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2029; 
(iv) for fiscal year 2026, $100,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2030; and 
(v) for fiscal year 2027, $100,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2031. 
(B) USE.—In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary 
of State may use up to $5,000,000 of the amounts made 
available in each fiscal year for the Fund for salaries and 
expenses, administration, and oversight purposes, of which 
$500,000 in each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 shall 
be transferred to the Office of Inspector General of the 
Department of State to oversee expenditures under the 
Fund. 
(3) ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.— 
(A) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.—The President 
shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, project, 
and activity allocations of the full amount made available 
under subsection (c)(2)— 
(i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, 
as part of the annual budget submission of the Presi-
dent under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 
Code. 
(B) ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Committees on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives and the Senate 
may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made 
available under subsection (c)(2), including by account, 
program, project, and activity. 
(ii) ALLOCATION BY PRESIDENT.— 
(I) NO ALTERNATE ALLOCATIONS.—If Congress 
has not enacted legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, project, 
and activity, by the date on which the Act making 
full-year appropriations for the Department of 
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs 
for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, 
only then shall amounts made available under sub-
section (c)(2) be allocated by the President or 
apportioned or allotted by account, program, 
project, and activity pursuant to title 31, United 
States Code. 
(II) INSUFFICIENT ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.—If 
Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, project, 
and activity, for amounts made available under 
subsection (c)(2) that are less than the full amount 
appropriated under that subsection, the difference 
between the amount appropriated and the alter-
nate allocation shall be allocated by the President 
and apportioned and allotted by account, program,
H. R. 4346—12 
project, and activity pursuant to title 31, United 
States Code. 
(d) CREATING HELPFUL INCENTIVES TO PRODUCE SEMICONDUC-
TORS (CHIPS) FOR AMERICA WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION FUND.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a fund to be known as the ‘‘Creating 
Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) for 
America Workforce and Education Fund’’ (referred to in this 
subsection as the ‘‘Fund’’) for the National Science Foundation 
for microelectronics workforce development activities to meet 
the requirements under section 9906 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656). 
(2) APPROPRIATION.—In addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Fund 
established in subsection (d)(1), out of amounts in the Treasury 
not otherwise appropriated— 
(A) for fiscal year 2023, $25,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended; 
(B) for fiscal year 2024, $25,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended; 
(C) for fiscal year 2025, $50,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended; 
(D) for fiscal year 2026, $50,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended; and 
(E) for fiscal year 2027, $50,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended. 
(3) ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.— 
(A) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.—The President 
shall submit to Congress detailed account, program, and 
project allocations of the full amount made available under 
paragraph (2)— 
(i) for fiscal year 2023, not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(ii) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2027, 
as part of the annual budget submission of the Presi-
dent under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States 
Code. 
(B) ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Committees on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives and the Senate 
may provide for alternate allocation of amounts made 
available under paragraph (2), including by account, 
program, and project. 
(ii) ALLOCATION BY PRESIDENT.— 
(I) NO ALTERNATE ALLOCATIONS.—If Congress 
has not enacted legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, and 
project, by the date on which the Act making full- 
year appropriations for the Departments of Com-
merce and Justice, Science, and Related Agencies 
for the applicable fiscal year is enacted into law, 
only then shall amounts made available under sub-
section (d)(2) be allocated by the President or 
apportioned or allotted by account, program, and 
project pursuant to title 31, United States Code.
H. R. 4346—13 
(II) INSUFFICIENT ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.—If 
Congress enacts legislation establishing alternate 
allocations, including by account, program, and 
project, for amounts made available under sub-
section (d)(2) that are less than the full amount 
appropriated under that subsection, the difference 
between the amount appropriated and the alter-
nate allocation shall be allocated by the President 
and apportioned and allotted by account, program, 
and project pursuant to title 31, United States 
Code. 
(e) SEQUESTRATION.—Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 
905(g)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after ‘‘Continuing Fund, 
Southwestern Power Administration (89–5649–0–2–271).’’ the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconduc-
tors (CHIPS) for America Fund. 
‘‘Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconduc-
tors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund. 
‘‘Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconduc-
tors (CHIPS) for America International Technology Secu-
rity and Innovation Fund. 
‘‘Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconduc-
tors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education Fund’’. 
(f) BUDGETARY EFFECTS.— 
(1) STATUTORY PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects 
of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard 
maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As- 
You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(d)). 
(2) SENATE PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects of 
this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard 
maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 
(115th Congress). 
(3) CLASSIFICATION
OF
BUDGETARY
EFFECTS.—Notwith-
standing Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set 
forth in the joint explanatory statement of the committee of 
conference accompanying Conference Report 105–217 and sec-
tion 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this section shall 
not be estimated— 
(A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act; 
(B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee 
on Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974; and 
(C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of 
the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included 
in an appropriation Act. 
(g) LIMITATION ON USING AMOUNTS FOR STOCK BUYBACKS OR 
THE PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A person receiving amounts appropriated 
under this section or from a covered fund may not use such 
amounts, as determined using the criteria for eligible uses 
of amounts under sections 9902(a)(4) and 9905(a)(4) of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(4), 15 U.S.C. 
4655(a)(4)), the activities under section 9903(b) of such Act
H. R. 4346—14 
(15 U.S.C. 4653(b)), and the functions under 9906(c)(2) of such 
Act (15 U.S.C. 4656(c)(2)) — 
(A) to purchase an equity security that is listed on 
a national securities exchange of such person or any parent 
company of such person; or 
(B) to pay dividends or make other capital distributions 
with respect to the common stock (or equivalent interest) 
of the person. 
(2) COVERED FUND.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘covered 
fund’’ means— 
(A) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semi-
conductors (CHIPS) for America Fund; 
(B) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semi-
conductors (CHIPS) for America Defense Fund; 
(C) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semi-
conductors (CHIPS) for America International Technology 
Security and Innovation Fund; and 
(D) the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semi-
conductors (CHIPS) for America Workforce and Education 
Fund. 
SEC. 103. SEMICONDUCTOR INCENTIVES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘a private entity, a consortium of private 
entities, or a consortium of public and private entities’’ 
and inserting ‘‘a nonprofit entity, a private entity, a consor-
tium of private entities, or a consortium of nonprofit, public, 
and private entities’’; 
(B) by inserting ‘‘production,’’ before ‘‘or research and 
development’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘of semiconductors.’’ and inserting ‘‘of 
semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semi-
conductors, or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.’’; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9) 
as paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (12), and (13), respectively; 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (4), the following: 
‘‘(5) The term ‘critical manufacturing industry’— 
‘‘(A) means an industry, industry group, or a set of 
related industries or related industry groups— 
‘‘(i) assigned a North American Industry Classifica-
tion System code beginning with 31, 32, or 33; and 
‘‘(ii) for which the applicable industry group or 
groups in the North American Industry Classification 
System code cumulatively— 
‘‘(I) manufacture primary products and parts, 
the sum of which account for not less than 5 per-
cent of the manufacturing value added by industry 
gross domestic product of the United States; and 
‘‘(II) employ individuals for primary products 
and parts manufacturing activities that, combined, 
account for not less than 5 percent of manufac-
turing employment in the United States; and 
‘‘(B) may include any other manufacturing industry 
designated by the Secretary based on the relevance of
H. R. 4346—15 
the manufacturing industry to the national and economic 
security of the United States, including the impacts of 
job losses.’’; and 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated, 
the following: 
‘‘(7) The term ‘foreign country of concern’ means— 
‘‘(A) a country that is a covered nation (as defined 
in section 4872(d) of title 10 United States Code); and 
‘‘(B) any country that the Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and 
the Director of National Intelligence, determines to be 
engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national 
security or foreign policy of the United States.’’; and 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated, 
the following: 
‘‘(10) The term ‘mature technology node’ has the meaning 
given the term by the Secretary. 
‘‘(11) The term ‘nonprofit entity’ means an entity described 
in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and 
exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.’’. 
(b) SEMICONDUCTOR PROGRAM.—Section 9902 of the William 
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘for semiconductor fabrication’’ and 
inserting ‘‘for the fabrication’’; 
(B) by inserting ‘‘production,’’ before ‘‘or research and 
development’’; and 
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
‘‘of semiconductors, materials used to manufacture semi-
conductors, or semiconductor manufacturing equipment.’’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (a)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ‘‘; and’’ at the 
end; 
(B) in subparagraph (B)(ii)— 
(i) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subclause (IV), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(V) determined— 
‘‘(aa) the type of semiconductor technology, 
equipment, materials, or research and develop-
ment the covered entity will produce at the 
facility described in clause (i); and 
‘‘(bb) the customers, or categories of cus-
tomers, to which the covered entity plans to 
sell the semiconductor technology, equipment, 
materials, 
or 
research 
and 
development 
described in item (aa); and 
‘‘(VI) documented, to the extent practicable, 
workforce needs and developed a strategy to meet 
such workforce needs consistent with the commit-
ments described in subclauses (II) and (III);’’; and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (B)(ii) the fol-
lowing—
H. R. 4346—16 
‘‘(iii) with respect to the project described in clause 
(i), the covered entity has an executable plan to identify 
and mitigate relevant semiconductor supply chain secu-
rity risks, such as risks associated with access, avail-
ability, confidentiality, integrity, and a lack of 
geographic diversification in the covered entity’s supply 
chain; and 
‘‘(iv) with respect to any project for the production, 
assembly, or packaging of semiconductors, the covered 
entity has implemented policies and procedures to com-
bat cloning, counterfeiting, and relabeling of semi-
conductors, as applicable.’’; 
(D) in subparagraph (C)— 
(i) in clause (i)— 
(I) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘is in the 
interest of the United States’’ and inserting ‘‘is 
in the economic and national security interests 
of the United States’’; and 
(II) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(ii) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(iii) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (v); and 
(iv) by inserting after clause (ii) the following: 
‘‘(iii) the Secretary shall consider the type of semi-
conductor technology produced by the covered entity 
and whether that semiconductor technology advances 
the economic and national security interests of the 
United States; 
‘‘(iv) the Secretary may not approve an application, 
unless the covered entity provides a plan that does 
not use Federal financial assistance to assist efforts 
to physically relocate existing facility infrastructure 
to another jurisdiction within the United States, unless 
the project is in the interest of the United States; 
and’’; 
(E) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subpara-
graph (E); and 
(F) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following: 
‘‘(D) PRIORITY.—In awarding Federal financial assist-
ance to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(i) give priority to ensuring that a covered entity 
receiving financial assistance will— 
‘‘(I) manufacture semiconductors necessary to 
address gaps and vulnerabilities in the domestic 
supply chain across a diverse range of technology 
and process nodes; and 
‘‘(II) provide a secure supply of semiconductors 
necessary for the national security, manufacturing, 
critical infrastructure, and technology leadership 
of the United States and other essential elements 
of the economy of the United States; and 
‘‘(ii) ensure that the assistance is awarded to cov-
ered entities for both advanced and mature technology 
nodes to meet the priorities described in clause (i).’’; 
(3) in subsection (a)(4)(A), by striking ‘‘used for semiconduc-
tors’’ and inserting ‘‘used for the purposes’’;
H. R. 4346—17 
(4) in subsection (a)(5)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘major’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘major’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking ‘‘major’’; 
(5) by inserting after subsection (a)(5) the following: 
‘‘(6) EXPANSION CLAWBACK.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITION OF LEGACY SEMICONDUCTOR.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—In this paragraph, the term 
‘legacy semiconductor’— 
‘‘(I) includes— 
‘‘(aa) a semiconductor technology that is 
of the 28 nanometer generation or older for 
logic; 
‘‘(bb) with respect to memory technology, 
analog technology, packaging technology, and 
any other relevant technology, any legacy 
generation of semiconductor technology rel-
ative to the generation described in item (aa), 
as determined by the Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Defense and the 
Director of National Intelligence; and 
‘‘(cc) any additional semiconductor tech-
nology identified by the Secretary in a public 
notice issued under clause (ii); and 
‘‘(II) does not include a semiconductor that 
is critical to national security, as determined by 
the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Defense and the Director of National Intel-
ligence. 
‘‘(ii) UPDATES.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of the CHIPS Act of 2022, and 
not less frequently than once every 2 years thereafter 
for the 8-year period after the last award under this 
section is made, the Secretary, after public notice and 
an opportunity for comment and if applicable and nec-
essary, shall issue a public notice identifying any addi-
tional semiconductor technology included in the 
meaning of the term ‘legacy semiconductor’ under 
clause (i). 
‘‘(iii) FUNCTIONS
OF
THE
SECRETARY.—The func-
tions of the Secretary under this paragraph shall not 
be subject to sections 551, 553 through 559, and 701 
through 706 of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(iv) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out clause (ii), 
the Secretary shall consult with the Director of 
National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense. 
‘‘(v) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out clause (ii), 
the Secretary shall consider— 
‘‘(I) state-of-the-art semiconductor technologies 
in the United States and internationally, including 
in foreign countries of concern; and 
‘‘(II) consistency with export controls relating 
to semiconductors. 
‘‘(B) 
DEFINITION
OF
SEMICONDUCTOR
MANUFAC-
TURING.—In this paragraph, the term ‘semiconductor 
manufacturing’—
H. R. 4346—18 
‘‘(i) has the meaning given the term by the Sec-
retary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense 
and the Director of National Intelligence; and 
‘‘(ii) includes front-end semiconductor fabrication. 
‘‘(C) REQUIRED AGREEMENT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—On or before the date on which 
the Secretary awards Federal financial assistance to 
a covered entity under this section, the covered entity 
shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary speci-
fying that, during the 10-year period beginning on 
the date of the award, subject to clause (ii), the covered 
entity may not engage in any significant transaction, 
as defined in the agreement, involving the material 
expansion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity in 
the People’s Republic of China or any other foreign 
country of concern. 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTIONS.—The prohibition in the agree-
ment required under clause (i) shall not apply to— 
‘‘(I) existing facilities or equipment of a covered 
entity for manufacturing legacy semiconductors; 
or 
‘‘(II) significant transactions involving the 
material expansion of semiconductor manufac-
turing capacity that— 
‘‘(aa) produces legacy semiconductors; and 
‘‘(bb) predominately serves the market of 
a foreign country of concern. 
‘‘(iii) AFFILIATED
GROUP.—For the purpose of 
applying the requirements in an agreement required 
under clause (i), a covered entity shall include the 
covered entity receiving financial assistance under this 
section, as well as any member of the covered entity’s 
affiliated group under section 1504(a) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986, without regard to section 
1504(b)(3) of such Code. 
‘‘(D) 
NOTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS.—During 
the 
applicable term of the agreement of a covered entity 
required under subparagraph (C)(i), the covered entity shall 
notify the Secretary of any planned significant transactions 
of the covered entity involving the material expansion of 
semiconductor manufacturing capacity in the People’s 
Republic of China or any other foreign country of concern. 
‘‘(E) VIOLATION OF AGREEMENT.— 
‘‘(i) NOTIFICATION TO COVERED ENTITIES.—Not later 
than 90 days after the date of receipt of a notification 
described in subparagraph (D) from a covered entity, 
the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Defense and the Director of National Intelligence, 
shall— 
‘‘(I) determine whether the significant trans-
action described in the notification would be a 
violation of the agreement of the covered entity 
required under subparagraph (C)(i); and 
‘‘(II) notify the covered entity of the Secretary’s 
decision under subclause (I). 
‘‘(ii) OPPORTUNITY TO REMEDY.—Upon a notifica-
tion under clause (i)(II) that a planned significant
H. R. 4346—19 
transaction of a covered entity is a violation of the 
agreement of the covered entity required under 
subparagraph (C)(i), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(I) immediately request from the covered 
entity tangible proof that the planned significant 
transaction has ceased or been abandoned; and 
‘‘(II) provide the covered entity 45 days to 
produce and provide to the Secretary the tangible 
proof described in subclause (I). 
‘‘(iii) FAILURE BY THE COVERED ENTITY TO CEASE 
OR REMEDY THE ACTIVITY.—Subject to clause (iv), if 
a covered entity fails to remedy a violation as set 
forth under clause (ii), the Secretary shall recover the 
full amount of the Federal financial assistance provided 
to the covered entity under this section. 
‘‘(iv) MITIGATION.—If the Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of 
National Intelligence, determines that a covered entity 
planning a significant transaction that would violate 
the agreement required under subparagraph (C)(i) 
could take measures in connection with the transaction 
to mitigate any risk to national security, the Sec-
retary— 
‘‘(I) may negotiate, enter into, and enforce any 
agreement or condition for the mitigation; and, 
‘‘(II) waive the recovery requirement under 
clause (iii). 
‘‘(F) SUBMISSION OF RECORDS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may request from 
a covered entity records and other necessary informa-
tion to review the compliance of the covered entity 
with the agreement required under subparagraph 
(C)(i). 
‘‘(ii) ELIGIBILITY.—In order to be eligible for Fed-
eral financial assistance under this section, a covered 
entity shall agree to provide records and other nec-
essary information requested by the Secretary under 
clause (i). 
‘‘(G) CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to clause (ii), any 
information derived from records or necessary informa-
tion disclosed by a covered entity to the Secretary 
under this section— 
‘‘(I) shall be exempt from disclosure under sec-
tion 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code; and 
‘‘(II) shall not be made public. 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTIONS.—Clause (i) shall not prevent the 
disclosure of any of the following by the Secretary: 
‘‘(I) Information relevant to any administrative 
or judicial action or proceeding. 
‘‘(II) Information that a covered entity has con-
sented to be disclosed to third parties. 
‘‘(III) Information necessary to fulfill the 
requirement of the congressional notification under 
subparagraph (H). 
‘‘(H) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 60 
days after the date on which the Secretary finds a violation
H. R. 4346—20 
by a covered entity of an agreement required under 
subparagraph (C)(i), and after providing the covered entity 
with an opportunity to provide information in response 
to that finding, the Secretary shall provide to the appro-
priate Committees of Congress— 
‘‘(i) a notification of the violation; 
‘‘(ii) a brief description of how the Secretary deter-
mined the covered entity to be in violation; and 
‘‘(iii) a summary of any actions or planned actions 
by the Secretary in response to the violation. 
‘‘(I) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary may issue regula-
tions implementing this paragraph.’’; and 
(6) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(d) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that, 
in carrying out subsection (a), the Secretary should allocate funds 
in a manner that— 
‘‘(1) strengthens the security and resilience of the semicon-
ductor supply chain, including by mitigating gaps and 
vulnerabilities; 
‘‘(2) provides a supply of secure semiconductors relevant 
for national security; 
‘‘(3) strengthens the leadership of the United States in 
semiconductor technology; 
‘‘(4) grows the economy of the United States and supports 
job creation in the United States; 
‘‘(5) bolsters the semiconductor and skilled technical 
workforces in the United States; 
‘‘(6) promotes the inclusion of economically disadvantaged 
individuals and small businesses; and 
‘‘(7) improves the resiliency of the semiconductor supply 
chains of critical manufacturing industries. 
‘‘(e) 
ADDITIONAL
ASSISTANCE
FOR
MATURE
TECHNOLOGY 
NODES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish within the 
program established under subsection (a) an additional program 
that provides Federal financial assistance to covered entities 
to incentivize investment in facilities and equipment in the 
United States for the fabrication, assembly, testing, or pack-
aging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBILITY AND REQUIREMENTS.—In order for an entity 
to qualify to receive Federal financial assistance under this 
subsection, the covered entity shall agree to— 
‘‘(A) submit an application under subsection (a)(2)(A); 
‘‘(B) meet the eligibility requirements under subsection 
(a)(2)(B); 
‘‘(C)(i) provide equipment or materials for the fabrica-
tion, assembly, testing, or packaging of semiconductors at 
mature technology nodes in the United States; or 
‘‘(ii) fabricate, assemble using packaging, or test semi-
conductors at mature technology nodes in the United 
States; 
‘‘(D) commit to using any Federal financial assistance 
received under this section to increase the production of 
semiconductors at mature technology nodes; and 
‘‘(E) be subject to the considerations described in sub-
section (a)(2)(C).
H. R. 4346—21 
‘‘(3) PROCEDURES.—In granting Federal financial assistance 
to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary may 
use the procedures established under subsection (a). 
‘‘(4) CONSIDERATIONS.—In addition to the considerations 
described in subsection (a)(2)(C), in granting Federal financial 
assistance under this subsection, the Secretary may consider 
whether a covered entity produces or supplies equipment or 
materials used in the fabrication, assembly, testing, or pack-
aging of semiconductors at mature technology nodes that are 
necessary to support a critical manufacturing industry. 
‘‘(5) PRIORITY.—In awarding Federal financial assistance 
to covered entities under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
give priority to covered entities that support the resiliency 
of semiconductor supply chains for critical manufacturing 
industries in the United States. 
‘‘(6) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
this subsection $2,000,000,000, which shall remain available 
until expended. 
‘‘(f) CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.—Section 602 of the Public Works 
and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall 
apply to a construction project that receives financial assistance 
from the Secretary under this section. 
‘‘(g) LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the requirements of subsection 
(a) and this subsection, the Secretary may make or guarantee 
loans to covered entities as financial assistance under this 
section. 
‘‘(2) CONDITIONS.—The Secretary may select eligible 
projects to receive loans or loan guarantees under this sub-
section if the Secretary determines that— 
‘‘(A) the covered entity— 
‘‘(i) has a reasonable prospect of repaying the prin-
cipal and interest on the loan; and 
‘‘(ii) has met such other criteria as may be estab-
lished and published by the Secretary; and 
‘‘(B) the amount of the loan (when combined with 
amounts available to the loan recipient from other sources) 
will be sufficient to carry out the project. 
‘‘(3) REASONABLE PROSPECT OF REPAYMENT.—The Secretary 
shall base a determination of whether there is a reasonable 
prospect of repayment of the principal and interest on a loan 
under paragraph (2)(A)(i) on a comprehensive evaluation of 
whether the covered entity has a reasonable prospect of 
repaying the principal and interest, including, as applicable, 
an evaluation of— 
‘‘(A) the strength of the contractual terms of the project 
the covered entity plans to perform (if commercially reason-
ably available); 
‘‘(B) the forecast of noncontractual cash flows supported 
by market projections from reputable sources, as deter-
mined by the Secretary; 
‘‘(C) cash sweeps and other structure enhancements; 
‘‘(D) the projected financial strength of the covered 
entity— 
‘‘(i) at the time of loan close; and
H. R. 4346—22 
‘‘(ii) throughout the loan term after the project 
is completed; 
‘‘(E) the financial strength of the investors and stra-
tegic partners of the covered entity, if applicable; 
‘‘(F) other financial metrics and analyses that the pri-
vate lending community and nationally recognized credit 
rating agencies rely on, as determined appropriate by the 
Secretary; and 
‘‘(G) such other criteria the Secretary may determine 
relevant. 
‘‘(4) RATES, TERMS, AND REPAYMENTS OF LOANS.—A loan 
provided under this subsection— 
‘‘(A) shall have an interest rate that does not exceed 
a level that the Secretary determines appropriate, taking 
into account, as of the date on which the loan is made, 
the cost of funds to the Department of the Treasury for 
obligations of comparable maturity; and 
‘‘(B) shall have a term of not more than 25 years. 
‘‘(5) ADDITIONAL
TERMS.—A loan or guarantee provided 
under this subsection may include any other terms and condi-
tions that the Secretary determines to be appropriate. 
‘‘(6) RESPONSIBLE LENDER.—No loan may be guaranteed 
under this subsection, unless the Secretary determines that— 
‘‘(A) the lender is responsible; and 
‘‘(B) adequate provision is made for servicing the loan 
on reasonable terms and protecting the financial interest 
of the United States. 
‘‘(7) ADVANCED BUDGET AUTHORITY.—New loans may not 
be obligated and new loan guarantees may not be committed 
to under this subsection, unless appropriations of budget 
authority to cover the costs of such loans and loan guarantees 
are made in advance in accordance with section 504(b) of the 
Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c(b)). 
‘‘(8) CONTINUED OVERSIGHT.—The loan agreement for a loan 
guaranteed under this subsection shall provide that no provi-
sion of the loan agreement may be amended of waived without 
the consent of the Secretary. 
‘‘(h) OVERSIGHT.—Not later than 4 years after disbursement 
of the first financial award under subsection (a), the Inspector 
General of the Department of Commerce shall audit the program 
under this section to assess— 
‘‘(1) whether the eligibility requirements for covered entities 
receiving financial assistance under the program are met; 
‘‘(2) whether eligible entities use the financial assistance 
received under the program in accordance with the require-
ments of this section; 
‘‘(3) whether the covered entities receiving financial assist-
ance under this program have carried out the commitments 
made to worker and community investment under subsection 
(a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) by the target date for completion set by the 
Secretary under subsection (a)(5)(A); 
‘‘(4) whether the required agreement entered into by cov-
ered entities and the Secretary under subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), 
including the notification process, has been carried out to pro-
vide covered entities sufficient guidance about a violation of 
the required agreement;
H. R. 4346—23 
‘‘(5) whether the Secretary has provided timely Congres-
sional notification about violations of the required agreement 
under subsection (a)(6)(C)(i), including the required information 
on how the Secretary reached a determination of whether a 
covered entity was in violation under subsection (a)(6)(E); and 
‘‘(6) whether the Secretary has sufficiently reviewed any 
covered entity engaging in a listed exception under subsection 
(a)(6)(C)(ii). 
‘‘(i) PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS.—No funds made available 
under this section may be used to construct, modify, or improve 
a facility outside of the United States.’’. 
(c) ADVANCED MICROELECTRONICS RESEARCH
AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—Section 9906 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4656) 
is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(3)(A)(ii)— 
(A) in subclause (II), by inserting ‘‘, including for tech-
nologies based on organic and inorganic materials’’ after 
‘‘components’’; and 
(B) in subclause (V), by striking ‘‘and supply chain 
integrity’’ and inserting ‘‘supply chain integrity, and 
workforce development’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and grow the domestic semicon-
ductor workforce’’ after ‘‘prototyping of advanced semi-
conductor technology’’; and 
(ii) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘The Sec-
retary 
may 
make 
financial 
assistance 
awards, 
including construction awards, in support of the 
national semiconductor technology center.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ‘‘and cap-
italize’’ before ‘‘an investment fund’’; and 
(ii) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(C) To work with the Secretary of Labor, the Director 
of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of 
Energy, the private sector, institutions of higher education, 
and workforce training entities to incentivize and expand 
geographically diverse participation in graduate, under-
graduate, and community college programs relevant to 
microelectronics, including through— 
‘‘(i) the development and dissemination of curricula 
and research training experiences; and 
‘‘(ii) the development of workforce training pro-
grams and apprenticeships in advanced microelectronic 
design, research, fabrication, and packaging capabili-
ties.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the Manufacturing USA institute’’ and 
inserting ‘‘a Manufacturing USA institute’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘The Director 
may make financial assistance awards, including construc-
tion awards, in support of the National Advanced Pack-
aging Manufacturing Program.’’; 
(4) in subsection (f)—
H. R. 4346—24 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘a Manufacturing USA Institute’’ 
and inserting ‘‘not more than 3 Manufacturing USA 
Institutes’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘is focused on semiconductor manu-
facturing.’’ and inserting ‘‘are focused on semiconductor 
manufacturing. The Secretary of Commerce may award 
financial assistance to any Manufacturing USA 
Institute for work relating to semiconductor manufac-
turing.’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘Such institute may emphasize’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Such institutes may emphasize’’; and 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.—Section 602 of the Public Works 
and Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3212) shall 
apply to a construction project that receives financial assistance 
under this section.’’. 
(d) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—Division H of title XCIX of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 9909. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the responsibilities of the 
Department of Commerce under this division, the Secretary may— 
‘‘(1) enter into agreements, including contracts, grants and 
cooperative agreements, and other transactions as may be nec-
essary and on such terms as the Secretary considers appro-
priate; 
‘‘(2) make advance payments under agreements and other 
transactions authorized under paragraph (1) without regard 
to section 3324 of title 31, United States Code; 
‘‘(3) require a person or other entity to make payments 
to the Department of Commerce upon application and as a 
condition for receiving support through an award of assistance 
or other transaction; 
‘‘(4) procure temporary and intermittent services of experts 
and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, 
United States Code; 
‘‘(5) notwithstanding section 3104 of title 5, United States 
Code, or the provisions of any other law relating to the appoint-
ment, number, classification, or compensation of employees, 
make appointments of scientific, engineering, and professional 
personnel, and fix the basic pay of such personnel at a rate 
to be determined by the Secretary at rates not in excess of 
the highest total annual compensation payable at the rate 
determined under section 104 of title 3, United States Code, 
except that the Secretary shall appoint not more than 25 per-
sonnel under this paragraph; 
‘‘(6) with the consent of another Federal agency, enter 
into an agreement with that Federal agency to use, with or 
without reimbursement, any service, equipment, personnel, or 
facility of that Federal agency; and 
‘‘(7) establish such rules, regulations, and procedures as 
the Secretary considers appropriate. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENT.—Any funds received from a payment made 
by a person or entity pursuant to subsection (a)(3) shall be credited
H. R. 4346—25 
to and merged with the account from which support to the person 
or entity was made’’. 
(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for divi-
sion H of title XCIX of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116– 
283) is amended by adding after the item relating to section 9908 
the following: 
‘‘9909. Additional authorities.’’. 
SEC. 104. OPPORTUNITY AND INCLUSION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish 
activities in the Department of Commerce, within the program 
established under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4652), to carry out this section using funds appropriated under 
this Act. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall assign per-
sonnel to lead and support the activities carried out under this 
section, including coordination with other workforce development 
activities of the Department of Commerce or of Federal agencies, 
as defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code, as appro-
priate. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.—Personnel assigned by the Secretary to carry 
out the activities under this section shall— 
(1) assess the eligibility of a covered entity, as defined 
in section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4651), for financial assistance for a project with respect to 
the requirements under subclauses (II) and (III) of section 
9902(a)(2)(B)(ii) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4652(a)(2)(B)(ii)(II) and (III)); 
(2) ensure that each covered entity, as defined in section 
9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651),that 
is awarded financial assistance under section 9902 of that 
Act (15 U.S.C. 4652) is carrying out the commitments of the 
covered entity to economically disadvantaged individuals as 
described in the application of the covered entity under that 
section by the target dates for completion established by the 
Secretary of Commerce under subsection(a)(5)(A) of that section; 
and 
(3) increase participation of and outreach to economically 
disadvantaged individuals, minority-owned businesses, veteran- 
owned businesses, and women-owned businesses, as defined 
by the Secretary of Commerce, respectively, in the geographic 
area of a project under section 9902 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) and serve as a resource for those individ-
uals, businesses, and covered entities. 
(d) STAFF.—The activities under this section shall be staffed 
at the appropriate levels to carry out the functions and responsibil-
ities under this section until 95 percent of the amounts of funds 
made available for the program established under section 9902 
of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652) have been expended.
H. R. 4346—26 
(e) REPORT.—Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the 
date on which the Secretary of Commerce establishes the activities 
described in subsection (c), the Secretary of Commerce shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress, as defined in section 
9901(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651), and make 
publicly available on the website of the Department of Commerce 
an annual report regarding the actions taken by the Department 
of Commerce under this section. 
SEC. 105. ADDITIONAL GAO REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) NDAA.—Section 9902(c) of William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 
4652(c)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B)— 
(i) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 
a semicolon; and 
(ii) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iii) the Federal Government could take specific 
actions to address shortages in the semiconductor 
supply chain, including— 
‘‘(I) demand-side incentives, including incen-
tives related to the information and communica-
tions technology supply chain; and 
‘‘(II) additional incentives, at national and 
global scales, to accelerate utilization of leading- 
edge semiconductor nodes to address shortages in 
mature semiconductor nodes; and’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (C)— 
(i) in clause (iii), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 
a semicolon; and 
(ii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following: 
‘‘(v) how projects are supporting the semiconductor 
needs of critical infrastructure industries in the United 
States, including those industries designated by the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency as 
essential infrastructure industries; and’’; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1)(C)(iv) the following: 
‘‘(D) drawing on data made available by the Depart-
ment of Labor or other sources, to the extent practicable, 
an analysis of— 
‘‘(i) 
semiconductor 
industry 
data 
regarding 
businesses that are— 
‘‘(I) majority owned and controlled by minority 
individuals; 
‘‘(II) majority owned and controlled by women; 
or 
‘‘(III) majority owned and controlled by both 
women and minority individuals; 
‘‘(ii) the number and amount of contracts and sub-
contracts awarded by each covered entity using funds 
made available under subsection (a) disaggregated by 
recipients of each such contract or subcontracts that 
are majority owned and controlled by minority individ-
uals and majority owned and controlled by women; 
and
H. R. 4346—27 
‘‘(iii) aggregated workforce data, including data by 
race or ethnicity, sex, and job categories.’’. 
(b) DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE.—Section 9202(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I) of 
the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (47 U.S.C. 906(a)(1)(G)(ii)(I)) is amended 
by inserting ‘‘(including whether recipients are majority owned and 
controlled by minority individuals and majority owned and con-
trolled by women)’’ after ‘‘to whom’’. 
SEC. 106. APPROPRIATIONS FOR WIRELESS SUPPLY CHAIN INNOVA-
TION. 
(a) DIRECT APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purposes, there is appropriated to the Public 
Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund established under section 
9202(a)(1) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4652(a)(1)), out 
of amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated— 
(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, to remain available 
until September 30, 2031; and 
(2) $1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, to remain available 
until September 30, 2032. 
(b) USE OF FUNDS, ADMINISTRATION, AND OVERSIGHT.—Of the 
amounts made available under subsection (a)— 
(1) not more than 5 percent of the amounts allocated pursu-
ant to subsection (c) in a given fiscal year may be used by 
the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and 
Information to administer the programs funded from the Public 
Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund; and 
(2) not less than $2,000,000 per fiscal year shall be trans-
ferred to the Office of Inspector General of the Department 
of Commerce for oversight related to activities conducted using 
amounts provided under this section. 
(c) ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.— 
(1) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.—The President shall 
submit to Congress detailed account, program, and project 
allocations of the amount recommended for allocation in a 
fiscal year from amounts made available under subsection (a)— 
(A) for fiscal years 2022 and 2023, not later than 
60 days after the date of enactment of this Act; and 
(B) for each subsequent fiscal year through 2032, as 
part of the annual budget submission of the President 
under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code. 
(2) ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Committees on Appropriations 
of the House of Representatives and the Senate may pro-
vide for alternate allocation of amounts recommended for 
allocation in a given fiscal year from amounts made avail-
able under subsection (a), including by account, program, 
and project. 
(B) ALLOCATION BY PRESIDENT.— 
(i) NO ALTERNATE ALLOCATIONS.—If Congress has 
not enacted legislation establishing alternate alloca-
tions, including by account, program, and project, by 
the date on which the Act making full-year appropria-
tions for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, 
Science, and Related Agencies for the applicable fiscal
H. R. 4346—28 
year is enacted into law, only then shall amounts rec-
ommended for allocation for that fiscal year from 
amounts made available under subsection (a) be allo-
cated by the President or apportioned or allotted by 
account, program, and project pursuant to title 31, 
United States Code. 
(ii) INSUFFICIENT ALTERNATE ALLOCATION.—If Con-
gress enacts legislation establishing alternate alloca-
tions, including by account, program, and project, for 
amounts recommended for allocation in a given fiscal 
year from amounts made available under subsection 
(a) that are less than the full amount recommended 
for allocation for that fiscal year, the difference 
between the amount recommended for allocation and 
the alternate allocation shall be allocated by the Presi-
dent and apportioned and allotted by account, program, 
and project pursuant to title 31, United States Code. 
(d) SEQUESTRATION.—Section 255(g)(1)(A) of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 
905(g)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after ‘‘Postal Service Fund 
(18–4020–0–3–372).’’ the following: 
‘‘Public Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Fund.’’. 
(e) BUDGETARY EFFECTS.— 
(1) STATUTORY PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects 
of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard 
maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As- 
You-Go Act of 2010. 
(2) SENATE PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects of 
this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard 
maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 
(115th Congress). 
(3) CLASSIFICATION
OF
BUDGETARY
EFFECTS.—Notwith-
standing Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set 
forth in the joint explanatory statement of the committee of 
conference accompanying Conference Report 105–217 and sec-
tion 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this section shall 
not be estimated— 
(A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act; 
(B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee 
on Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974; and 
(C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of 
the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included 
in an appropriation Act. 
SEC. 107. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT CREDIT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subpart E of part IV of subchapter A of 
chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by 
inserting after section 48C the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 48D. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT CREDIT. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF CREDIT.—For purposes of section 46, 
the advanced manufacturing investment credit for any taxable year 
is an amount equal to 25 percent of the qualified investment for 
such taxable year with respect to any advanced manufacturing 
facility of an eligible taxpayer. 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED INVESTMENT.—
H. R. 4346—29 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection (a), the quali-
fied investment with respect to any advanced manufacturing 
facility for any taxable year is the basis of any qualified prop-
erty placed in service by the taxpayer during such taxable 
year which is part of an advanced manufacturing facility. 
‘‘(2) QUALIFIED PROPERTY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this subsection, the 
term ‘qualified property’ means property— 
‘‘(i) which is tangible property, 
‘‘(ii) with respect to which depreciation (or 
amortization in lieu of depreciation) is allowable, 
‘‘(iii) which is— 
‘‘(I) constructed, reconstructed, or erected by 
the taxpayer, or 
‘‘(II) acquired by the taxpayer if the original 
use of such property commences with the taxpayer, 
and 
‘‘(iv) which is integral to the operation of the 
advanced manufacturing facility. 
‘‘(B) BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified property’ 
includes any building or its structural components 
which otherwise satisfy the requirements under 
subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—Clause (i) shall not apply with 
respect to a building or portion of a building used 
for offices, administrative services, or other functions 
unrelated to manufacturing. 
‘‘(3) ADVANCED
MANUFACTURING
FACILITY.—For purposes 
of this section, the term ‘advanced manufacturing facility’ 
means a facility for which the primary purpose is the manufac-
turing of semiconductors or semiconductor manufacturing 
equipment. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION
WITH
REHABILITATION
CREDIT.—The 
qualified investment with respect to any advanced manufac-
turing facility for any taxable year shall not include that portion 
of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified 
rehabilitation expenditures (as defined in section 47(c)(2)). 
‘‘(5) 
CERTAIN
PROGRESS
EXPENDITURE
RULES
MADE 
APPLICABLE.—Rules similar to the rules of subsections (c)(4) 
and (d) of section 46 (as in effect on the day before the date 
of the enactment of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990) 
shall apply for purposes of subsection (a). 
‘‘(c) ELIGIBLE TAXPAYER.—For purposes of this section, the term 
‘eligible taxpayer’ means any taxpayer which— 
‘‘(1) is not a foreign entity of concern (as defined in section 
9901(6) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), and 
‘‘(2) has not made an applicable transaction (as defined 
in section 50(a)) during the taxable year. 
‘‘(d) ELECTIVE PAYMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in para-
graph (2)(A), in the case of a taxpayer making an election 
(at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may provide) 
under this subsection with respect to the credit determined 
under subsection (a) with respect to such taxpayer, such tax-
payer shall be treated as making a payment against the tax
H. R. 4346—30 
imposed by subtitle A (for the taxable year with respect to 
which such credit was determined) equal to the amount of 
such credit. 
‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULES.—For purposes of this subsection— 
‘‘(A) APPLICATION TO PARTNERSHIPS AND S CORPORA-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of the credit deter-
mined under subsection (a) with respect to any prop-
erty held directly by a partnership or S corporation, 
any election under paragraph (1) shall be made by 
such partnership or S corporation. If such partnership 
or S corporation makes an election under such para-
graph (in such manner as the Secretary may provide) 
with respect to such credit— 
‘‘(I) the Secretary shall make a payment to 
such partnership or S corporation equal to the 
amount of such credit, 
‘‘(II) paragraph (3) shall be applied with 
respect to such credit before determining any part-
ner’s distributive share, or shareholder’s pro rata 
share, of such credit, 
‘‘(III) any amount with respect to which the 
election in paragraph (1) is made shall be treated 
as tax exempt income for purposes of sections 705 
and 1366, and 
‘‘(IV) a partner’s distributive share of such 
tax exempt income shall be based on such partner’s 
distributive share of the otherwise applicable 
credit for each taxable year. 
‘‘(ii) COORDINATION WITH APPLICATION AT PARTNER 
OR SHAREHOLDER LEVEL.—In the case of any property 
held directly by a partnership or S corporation, no 
election by any partner or shareholder shall be allowed 
under paragraph (1) with respect to any credit deter-
mined under subsection (a) with respect to such prop-
erty. 
‘‘(B) ELECTIONS.—Any election under paragraph (1) 
shall be made not later than the due date (including exten-
sions of time) for the return of tax for the taxable year 
for which the election is made, but in no event earlier 
than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this 
section. Any such election, once made, shall be irrevocable. 
Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, any 
election under paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to 
any credit for the taxable year for which the election is 
made. 
‘‘(C) TIMING.—The payment described in paragraph (1) 
shall be treated as made on the later of the due date 
(determined without regard to extensions) of the return 
of tax for the taxable year or the date on which such 
return is filed. 
‘‘(D) TREATMENT OF PAYMENTS TO PARTNERSHIPS AND 
S
CORPORATIONS.—For purposes of section 1324 of title 
31, United States Code, the payments under subparagraph 
(A)(i)(I) shall be treated in the same manner as a refund 
due from a credit provision referred to in subsection (b)(2) 
of such section.
H. R. 4346—31 
‘‘(E) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.—As a condition of, and 
prior to, any amount being treated as a payment which 
is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1) or any pay-
ment being made pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Sec-
retary may require such information or registration as 
the Secretary deems necessary or appropriate for purposes 
of preventing duplication, fraud, improper payments, or 
excessive payments under this section. 
‘‘(F) EXCESSIVE PAYMENT.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—In the case of any amount 
treated as a payment which is made by the taxpayer 
under paragraph (1), or any payment made pursuant 
to subparagraph (A), which the Secretary determines 
constitutes an excessive payment, the tax imposed on 
such taxpayer by chapter 1 for the taxable year in 
which such determination is made shall be increased 
by an amount equal to the sum of— 
‘‘(I) the amount of such excessive payment, 
plus 
‘‘(II) an amount equal to 20 percent of such 
excessive payment. 
‘‘(ii) REASONABLE CAUSE.—Clause (i)(II) shall not 
apply if the taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction 
of the Secretary that the excessive payment resulted 
from reasonable cause. 
‘‘(iii) EXCESSIVE PAYMENT DEFINED.—For purposes 
of this subparagraph, the term ‘excessive payment’ 
means, with respect to property for which an election 
is made under this subsection for any taxable year, 
an amount equal to the excess of— 
‘‘(I) the amount treated as a payment which 
is made by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), or 
the amount of the payment made pursuant to 
subparagraph (A), with respect to such property 
for such taxable year, over 
‘‘(II) the amount of the credit which, without 
application of this subsection, would be otherwise 
allowable (determined without regard to section 
38(c)) under subsection (a) with respect to such 
property for such taxable year. 
‘‘(3) DENIAL OF DOUBLE BENEFIT.—In the case of a taxpayer 
making an election under this subsection with respect to the 
credit determined under subsection (a), such credit shall be 
reduced to zero and shall, for any other purposes under this 
title, be deemed to have been allowed to the taxpayer for 
such taxable year. 
‘‘(4) MIRROR CODE POSSESSIONS.—In the case of any posses-
sion of the United States with a mirror code tax system (as 
defined in section 24(k)), this subsection shall not be treated 
as part of the income tax laws of the United States for purposes 
of determining the income tax law of such possession unless 
such possession elects to have this subsection be so treated. 
‘‘(5) BASIS REDUCTION AND RECAPTURE.—Rules similar to 
the rules of subsections (a) and (c) of section 50 shall apply 
with respect to— 
‘‘(A) any amount treated as a payment which is made 
by the taxpayer under paragraph (1), and
H. R. 4346—32 
‘‘(B) any payment made pursuant to paragraph (2)(A). 
‘‘(6) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall issue such regula-
tions or other guidance as may be necessary or appropriate 
to carry out the purposes of this subsection, including— 
‘‘(A) regulations or other guidance providing rules for 
determining a partner’s distributive share of the tax exempt 
income described in paragraph (2)(A)(i)(III), and 
‘‘(B) guidance to ensure that the amount of the pay-
ment or deemed payment made under this subsection is 
commensurate with the amount of the credit that would 
be otherwise allowable (determined without regard to sec-
tion 38(c)). 
‘‘(e) TERMINATION OF CREDIT.—The credit allowed under this 
section shall not apply to property the construction of which begins 
after December 31, 2026.’’. 
(b) RECAPTURE IN CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN EXPANSIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 50(a) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended redesignating paragraphs (3) through 
(5) as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively, and by inserting 
after paragraph (2) the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) CERTAIN EXPANSIONS IN CONNECTION WITH ADVANCED 
MANUFACTURING FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If there is a an applicable trans-
action by an applicable taxpayer before the close of the 
10-year period beginning on the date such taxpayer placed 
in service investment credit property which is eligible for 
the advanced manufacturing investment credit under sec-
tion 48D(a), then the tax under this chapter for the taxable 
year in which such transaction occurs shall be increased 
by 100 percent of the aggregate decrease in the credits 
allowed under section 38 for all prior taxable years which 
would have resulted solely from reducing to zero any credit 
determined under section 46 which is attributable to the 
advanced manufacturing investment credit under section 
48D(a) with respect to such property. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
if the applicable taxpayer demonstrates to the satisfaction 
of the Secretary that the applicable transaction has been 
ceased or abandoned within 45 days of a determination 
and notice by the Secretary. 
‘‘(C) REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE.—The Secretary shall 
issue such regulations or other guidance as the Secretary 
determines necessary or appropriate to carry out the pur-
poses of this paragraph, including regulations or other 
guidance which provide for requirements for recordkeeping 
or information reporting for purposes of administering the 
requirements of this paragraph.’’. 
(2) APPLICABLE TRANSACTION; APPLICABLE TAXPAYER.—Sec-
tion 50(a)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as redesig-
nated by paragraph (1), is amended adding at the end the 
following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(D) APPLICABLE TRANSACTION.—For purposes of this 
subsection— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘applicable transaction’ 
means, with respect to any applicable taxpayer, any 
significant transaction (as determined by the Secretary, 
in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and
H. R. 4346—33 
the Secretary of Defense) involving the material expan-
sion of semiconductor manufacturing capacity of such 
applicable taxpayer in the People’s Republic of China 
or a foreign country of concern (as defined in section 
9901(7) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021). 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—Such term shall not include a 
transaction which primarily involves the expansion of 
manufacturing capacity for legacy semiconductors (as 
defined in section 9902(a)(6) of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021). 
‘‘(E) APPLICABLE TAXPAYER.—For purposes of this sub-
section, the term ‘applicable taxpayer’ means any taxpayer 
who has been allowed a credit under section 48D(a) for 
any prior taxable year.’’. 
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) Section 50(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986, as redesignated by paragraph (1), is amended— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, or any applicable transaction 
to which paragraph (3)(A) applies’’ after ‘‘paragraphs 
(1) and (2)’’, and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘or applicable transaction’’ after 
‘‘such cessation’’. 
(B) Section 50(a)(6)(C) of such Code, as redesignated 
by paragraph (1), is amended by striking ‘‘paragraph (1) 
or (2)’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph (1), (2), or (3)’’. 
(C) Section 1371(d)(1) of such Code is amended by 
striking ‘‘section 50(a)(4)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 50(a)(5)’’. 
(c) EXEMPTION OF ELECTIVE PAYMENTS FROM SEQUESTRATION.— 
Subsection (d) of section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(d) REFUNDABLE INCOME TAX CREDITS AND CERTAIN ELECTIVE 
PAYMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) REFUNDABLE
INCOME
TAX
CREDITS.—Payments to 
individuals made pursuant to provisions of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 establishing refundable tax credits shall 
be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this 
part. 
‘‘(2) CERTAIN ELECTIVE PAYMENTS.—Payments made to tax-
payers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of section 
48D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or amounts treated 
as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph 
(1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under 
any order issued under this part.’’. 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) Paragraph (6) of section 46 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(6) the advanced manufacturing investment credit.’’. 
(2) Section 49(a)(1)(C) of such Code is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of clause (iv), 
(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (v) 
and inserting ‘‘, and’’, and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new clause: 
‘‘(vi) the basis of any qualified property (as defined 
in subsection (b)(2) of section 48D) which is part of
H. R. 4346—34 
an advanced manufacturing facility (as defined in sub-
section (b)(3) of such section).’’. 
(3) Section 50(a)(2)(E) of such Code is amended by striking 
‘‘or 48C(b)(2)’’ and inserting ‘‘48C(b)(2), or 48D(b)(5)’’. 
(4) The table of sections for subpart E of part IV of sub-
chapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 48C the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 48D. Advanced manufacturing investment credit.’’. 
(e) BUDGETARY EFFECTS.— 
(1) STATUTORY PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects 
of this section shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard 
maintained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As- 
You-Go Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(d)). 
(2) SENATE PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects of 
this section shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard 
maintained for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 
(115th Congress). 
(3) CLASSIFICATION
OF
BUDGETARY
EFFECTS.—Notwith-
standing Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set 
forth in the joint explanatory statement of the committee of 
conference accompanying Conference Report 105–217 and sec-
tion 250(c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
Control Act of 1985, the budgetary effects of this section shall 
not be estimated— 
(A) for purposes of section 251 of such Act; 
(B) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee 
on Appropriations pursuant to section 302(a) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974; and 
(C) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of 
the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included 
in an appropriation Act. 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
amendments made by this section shall apply to property placed 
in service after December 31, 2022, and, for any property the 
construction of which begins prior to January 1, 2023, only 
to the extent of the basis thereof attributable to the construc-
tion, reconstruction, or erection after the date of enactment 
of this Act. 
(2) EXEMPTION OF ELECTIVE PAYMENTS FROM SEQUESTRA-
TION.—The amendment made by subsection (c) shall apply to 
any sequestration order issued under the Balanced Budget 
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et 
seq.) on or after December 31, 2022. 
DIVISION B—RESEARCH AND 
INNOVATION 
SEC. 10000. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this division is as follows: 
DIVISION B—RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 
Sec. 10000. Table of contents. 
Sec. 10001. Short title. 
Sec. 10002. Definitions. 
Sec. 10003. Budgetary effects.
H. R. 4346—35 
TITLE I—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE 
Sec. 10101. Mission of the Office of Science. 
Sec. 10102. Basic energy sciences program. 
Sec. 10103. Biological and environmental research. 
Sec. 10104. Advanced scientific computing research program. 
Sec. 10105. Fusion energy research. 
Sec. 10106. High energy physics program. 
Sec. 10107. Nuclear physics program. 
Sec. 10108. Science laboratories infrastructure program. 
Sec. 10109. Accelerator research and development. 
Sec. 10110. Isotope research, development, and production. 
Sec. 10111. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists. 
Sec. 10112. High intensity laser research initiative; helium conservation program; 
Office of Science emerging biological threat preparedness research ini-
tiative; midscale instrumentation and research equipment program; au-
thorization of appropriations. 
Sec. 10113. Established program to stimulate competitive research. 
Sec. 10114. Research security. 
TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 
THE FUTURE 
Sec. 10201. Definitions. 
Subtitle A—Authorization of Appropriations 
Sec. 10211. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle B—Measurement Research 
Sec. 10221. Engineering biology and biometrology. 
Sec. 10222. Greenhouse gas measurement research. 
Sec. 10223. NIST authority for cybersecurity and privacy activities. 
Sec. 10224. Software security and authentication. 
Sec. 10225. Digital identity management research. 
Sec. 10226. Biometrics research and testing. 
Sec. 10227. Federal biometric performance standards. 
Sec. 10228. Protecting research from cybersecurity theft. 
Sec. 10229. Dissemination of resources for research institutions. 
Sec. 10230. Advanced communications research. 
Sec. 10231. Neutron scattering. 
Sec. 10232. Artificial intelligence. 
Sec. 10233. Sustainable chemistry research and education. 
Sec. 10234. Premise plumbing research. 
Sec. 10235. Dr. David Satcher Cybersecurity Education Grant Program. 
Subtitle C—General Activities 
Sec. 10241. Educational outreach and support for underrepresented communities. 
Sec. 10242. Other transactions authority. 
Sec. 10243. Report to Congress on collaborations with government agencies. 
Sec. 10244. Hiring critical technical experts. 
Sec. 10245. International standards development. 
Sec. 10246. Standard technical update. 
Sec. 10247. GAO study of NIST research security policies and protocols. 
Sec. 10248. Standards development organization grants. 
Subtitle D—Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
Sec. 10251. Establishment of expansion awards pilot program as a part of the Hol-
lings Manufacturing Extension Partnership. 
Sec. 10252. Update to Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership. 
Sec. 10253. National Supply Chain Database. 
Sec. 10254. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership activities. 
Sec. 10255. Amendment to the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership re-
lating to institutions of higher education. 
Subtitle E—Manufacturing USA Program 
Sec. 10261. Supporting geographic diversity. 
Sec. 10262. Expanding opportunities through the Manufacturing USA Program. 
Sec. 10263. Promoting domestic production of technologies developed under Manu-
facturing USA Program. 
TITLE III—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE 
Subtitle A—Preliminary Matters 
Sec. 10301. Sense of Congress.
H. R. 4346—36 
Sec. 10302. Definitions. 
Sec. 10303. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle B—STEM Education 
Sec. 10311. PreK–12 STEM education. 
Sec. 10312. Undergraduate STEM education. 
Sec. 10313. Graduate STEM education. 
Sec. 10314. STEM workforce data. 
Sec. 10315. Cyber workforce development research and development. 
Sec. 10316. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program. 
Sec. 10317. Cybersecurity workforce data initiative. 
Sec. 10318. Microelectronics workforce development activities. 
Sec. 10319. Incorporation of art and design into certain STEM education. 
Sec. 10320. Mandatory cost-sharing. 
Sec. 10321. Programs to address the STEM workforce. 
Subtitle C—Broadening Participation 
Sec. 10321. Presidential awards for excellence in mathematics and science. 
Sec. 10322. Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship program update. 
Sec. 10323. NSF Eddie Bernice Johnson INCLUDES Initiative. 
Sec. 10324. Broadening participation on major facilities awards. 
Sec. 10325. Expanding geographic and institutional diversity in research. 
Sec. 10326. Diversity in tech research. 
Sec. 10327. Chief Diversity Officer of the NSF. 
Sec. 10328. Research and dissemination to increase the participation of women and 
underrepresented minorities in STEM fields. 
Sec. 10329. Activities to expand STEM opportunities. 
Sec. 10330. Intramural emerging research institutions pilot program. 
Subtitle D—NSF Research Security 
Sec. 10331. Office of Research Security and Policy. 
Sec. 10332. Chief of Research Security. 
Sec. 10333. Reporting to Congress. 
Sec. 10334. Online resource. 
Sec. 10335. Research awards. 
Sec. 10336. Authorities. 
Sec. 10337. Responsible conduct in research training. 
Sec. 10338. Research security and integrity information sharing analysis organiza-
tion. 
Sec. 10339. Plan with respect to controlled information and background screening. 
Sec. 10339A. Foundation funding to institutions hosting or supporting Confucius 
Institutes. 
Sec. 10339B. Foreign financial support. 
Sec. 10339C. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle E—Fundamental Research 
Sec. 10341. Broader impacts. 
Sec. 10342. Sense of Congress. 
Sec. 10343. Research ethics. 
Sec. 10344. Research reproducibility and replicability. 
Sec. 10345. Climate change research. 
Sec. 10346. Social, behavioral, and economic sciences. 
Sec. 10347. Measuring impacts of Federally funded research and development. 
Sec. 10348. Food-energy-water research. 
Sec. 10349. Biological Field Stations and Marine Laboratories. 
Sec. 10350. Sustainable chemistry research and education. 
Sec. 10351. Risk and resilience research. 
Sec. 10352. Unmanned aircraft systems technologies. 
Sec. 10353. Accelerating unmanned maritime systems technologies. 
Sec. 10354. Leveraging international expertise in research. 
Sec. 10355. Biological research collections. 
Sec. 10356. Clean water research and technology acceleration. 
Sec. 10357. Technology and behavioral science research. 
Sec. 10358. Manufacturing research amendment. 
Sec. 10359. Critical minerals mining research and development. 
Sec. 10360. Study of AI research capacity. 
Sec. 10361. Advancing IoT for Precision Agriculture Capabilities Act. 
Sec. 10362. Astronomy and satellite constellations. 
Sec. 10363. Research on the impact of inflation. 
Sec. 10364. Microgravity utilization policy. 
Sec. 10365. Recognition of the Arecibo Observatory.
H. R. 4346—37 
Subtitle F—Research Infrastructure 
Sec. 10371. Facility operation and maintenance. 
Sec. 10372. Reviews. 
Sec. 10373. Helium conservation. 
Sec. 10374. Advanced computing. 
Sec. 10375. National secure data service. 
Subtitle G—Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships 
Sec. 10381. Establishment. 
Sec. 10382. Purposes. 
Sec. 10383. Activities. 
Sec. 10384. Requirements. 
Sec. 10385. Assistant Director. 
Sec. 10386. Advisory committee. 
Sec. 10387. Challenges and focus areas. 
Sec. 10388. Regional Innovation Engines. 
Sec. 10389. Translation accelerator. 
Sec. 10390. Test beds. 
Sec. 10391. Planning and capacity building awards. 
Sec. 10392. Entrepreneurial fellowships. 
Sec. 10393. Scholarships and fellowships. 
Sec. 10394. Research and development awards. 
Sec. 10395. Scaling innovations in PreK–12 STEM education. 
Sec. 10396. Authorities. 
Sec. 10397. Coordination of activities. 
Sec. 10398. Ethical, legal, and societal considerations. 
Sec. 10399. Reports and roadmaps. 
Sec. 10399A. Evaluation. 
Subtitle H—Administrative Amendments 
Sec. 10399D. Supporting veterans in STEM careers. 
Sec. 10399E. Sunshine Act compliance. 
Sec. 10399F. Science and engineering indicators report submission. 
TITLE IV—BIOECONOMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
Sec. 10401. Definitions. 
Sec. 10402. National engineering biology research and development initiative. 
Sec. 10403. Initiative coordination. 
Sec. 10404. Advisory committee on engineering biology research and development. 
Sec. 10405. External review of ethical, legal, environmental, safety, security, and 
societal issues. 
Sec. 10406. Agency activities. 
Sec. 10407. Rule of construction. 
TITLE V—BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE 
Subtitle A—STEM Opportunities 
Sec. 10501. Federal research agency policies for caregivers. 
Sec. 10502. Collection and reporting of data on federal research awards. 
Sec. 10503. Policies for review of Federal research awards. 
Sec. 10504. Collection of data on demographics of faculty. 
Sec. 10505. Cultural and institutional barriers to expanding the academic and Fed-
eral STEM workforce. 
Sec. 10506. Existing activities. 
Sec. 10507. Report to Congress. 
Sec. 10508. Merit review. 
Sec. 10509. Determination of budgetary effects. 
Sec. 10510. Definition. 
Subtitle B—Rural STEM Education Research 
Sec. 10511. Definition. 
Sec. 10512. National Science Foundation rural STEM activities. 
Sec. 10513. Opportunities for online education. 
Sec. 10514. National Academies evaluation. 
Sec. 10515. GAO review. 
Sec. 10516. NIST engagement with rural communities. 
Subtitle C—MSI STEM Achievement 
Sec. 10521. GAO review. 
Sec. 10522. Agency responsibilities.
H. R. 4346—38 
Sec. 10523. Research at the National Science Foundation. 
Sec. 10524. Capacity-building program for developing universities. 
Sec. 10525. Tribal Colleges and Universities program. 
Sec. 10526. Definitions. 
Subtitle D—Combating Sexual Harassment in Science 
Sec. 10531. Findings. 
Sec. 10532. Purpose. 
Sec. 10533. Definition. 
Sec. 10534. Research awards. 
Sec. 10535. Responsible Conduct Guide. 
Sec. 10536. Interagency working group. 
Sec. 10537. National Academies assessment. 
Sec. 10538. GAO study. 
Sec. 10539. Authorization of appropriations. 
TITLE VI—MISCELLANEOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROVISIONS 
Subtitle A—Supporting Early-career Researchers 
Sec. 10601. Early-career research fellowship program. 
Sec. 10602. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle B—National Science and Technology Strategy 
Sec. 10611. National science and technology strategy. 
Sec. 10612. Strategy and report on the Nation’s economic security, science, re-
search, and innovation to support the national security strategy. 
Sec. 10613. Quadrennial science and technology review. 
Subtitle C—Regional Innovation 
Sec. 10621. Regional innovation capacity. 
Sec. 10622. Regional Clean Energy Innovation Program. 
Subtitle D—Research Security 
Sec. 10631. Requirements for foreign talent recruitment programs. 
Sec. 10632. Malign foreign talent recruitment program prohibition. 
Sec. 10633. Review of contracts and agreements. 
Sec. 10634. Research security training requirement for Federal research award per-
sonnel. 
Sec. 10635. Research funds accounting. 
Sec. 10636. Person or entity of concern prohibition. 
Sec. 10637. Nondiscrimination. 
Sec. 10638. Definitions. 
Subtitle E—Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation 
Sec. 10641. Short title. 
Sec. 10642. Purposes. 
Sec. 10643. Definitions. 
Sec. 10644. Interagency working group. 
Sec. 10645. Strategic research plan. 
Sec. 10646. NOAA ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10647. NSF ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10648. NASA ocean acidification activities. 
Sec. 10649. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle F—Interagency Working Group 
Sec. 10651. Interagency working group. 
Subtitle G—Quantum Networking and Communications 
Sec. 10661. Quantum networking and communications. 
Subtitle H—Blockchain Specialist 
Sec. 10671. Establishment of blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist position 
within OSTP. 
Subtitle I—Partnerships for Energy Security and Innovation 
Sec. 10691. Foundation for Energy Security and Innovation. 
Subtitle J—Energizing Technology Transfer 
Sec. 10701. Definitions.
H. R. 4346—39 
PART 1—NATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAMS 
Sec. 10713. National clean energy incubator program. 
Sec. 10714. Clean energy technology university prize competition. 
Sec. 10715. Clean energy technology transfer coordination. 
PART 2—SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT THE NATIONAL LABORATORIES 
Sec. 10716. Lab partnering service pilot program. 
Sec. 10717. Lab-embedded entrepreneurship program. 
Sec. 10718. Small business voucher program. 
Sec. 10719. Entrepreneurial leave program. 
Sec. 10720. National Laboratory non-Federal employee outside employment author-
ity. 
PART 3—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY MODERNIZATION 
Sec. 10722. Office of Technology Transitions. 
Sec. 10723. Management of Department of Energy demonstration projects. 
Sec. 10724. Streamlining prize competitions. 
Sec. 10725. Cost-share waiver extension. 
Sec. 10726. Special hiring authority for scientific, engineering, and project manage-
ment personnel. 
Sec. 10727. Technology transfer reports and evaluation. 
Subtitle K—Micro Act 
Sec. 10731. Microelectronics research for energy innovation. 
Subtitle L—National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure Reinvestment 
Sec. 10741. Short title. 
Sec. 10742. Purposes. 
Sec. 10743. University infrastructure collaboration. 
Sec. 10744. Advanced nuclear research infrastructure enhancement subprogram. 
Sec. 10745. Science education and human resources scholarships, fellowships, and 
research and development projects. 
Subtitle M—Steel Upgrading Partnerships and Emissions Reduction 
Sec. 10751. Low-emissions steel manufacturing research program. 
Subtitle N—Applied Laboratories Infrastructure Restoration and Modernization 
Sec. 10761. Applied laboratories infrastructure restoration and modernization. 
Subtitle O—Department of Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration 
Activities 
Sec. 10771. Department of Energy research, development, and demonstration ac-
tivities. 
Subtitle P—Fission for the Future 
Sec. 10781. Advanced nuclear technologies Federal research, development, and 
demonstration program. 
TITLE VII—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 
AUTHORIZATION ACT 
Sec. 10801. Short title. 
Sec. 10802. Definitions. 
Subtitle A—Exploration 
Sec. 10811. Moon to Mars. 
Sec. 10812. Space Launch System configurations. 
Sec. 10813. Rocket engine test infrastructure. 
Sec. 10814. Pearl River maintenance. 
Sec. 10815. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station. 
Sec. 10816. Priorities for International Space Station. 
Sec. 10817. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions. 
Subtitle B—Science 
Sec. 10821. Science priorities. 
Sec. 10822. Search for life. 
Sec. 10823. Next generation of astrophysics great observatories. 
Sec. 10824. Earth science missions and programs. 
Sec. 10825. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.
H. R. 4346—40 
Subtitle C—Aeronautics 
Sec. 10831. Experimental aircraft projects. 
Sec. 10832. Unmanned aircraft systems. 
Sec. 10833. Cleaner, quieter airplanes. 
Subtitle D—Space Technology 
Sec. 10841. Space nuclear capabilities. 
Sec. 10842. Prioritization of low-enriched uranium technology. 
Subtitle E—STEM Engagement 
Sec. 10851. Office of STEM Engagement. 
Subtitle F—Miscellaneous 
Sec. 10861. Program, workforce, and industrial base reviews. 
Sec. 10862. Modification of lease of non-excess property. 
SEC. 10001. SHORT TITLE. 
This division may be cited as the ‘‘Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act’’. 
SEC. 10002. DEFINITIONS. 
In this division: 
(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term ‘‘artificial intel-
ligence’’ or ‘‘AI’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
5002 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 9401). 
(2) AWARDEE.—The term ‘‘awardee’’ means the legal entity 
to which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable 
to the Federal Government for the use of the funds provided. 
(3) AWARD
PERSONNEL.—The term ‘‘award personnel’’ 
means principal investigators and co-principal investigators, 
faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and other employees sup-
ported by a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract under 
Federal law. 
(4) BIOMANUFACTURING.—The term ‘‘biomanufacturing’’ 
means the utilization of biological systems to develop new and 
advance existing products, tools, and processes at commercial 
scale. 
(5) EMERGING RESEARCH INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘emerging 
research institution’’ means an institution of higher education 
with an established undergraduate or graduate program that 
has less than $50,000,000 in Federal research expenditures. 
(6) ENGINEERING BIOLOGY.—The term ‘‘engineering biology’’ 
means the application of engineering design principles and 
practices to biological systems, including molecular and cellular 
systems, to advance fundamental understanding of complex 
natural systems and to enable novel or optimize functions and 
capabilities. 
(7) EPSCoR.—The term ‘‘EPSCoR’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthor-
ization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note). 
(8) EPSCoR INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘EPSCoR institution’’ 
means an institution of higher education, nonprofit organiza-
tion, or other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to 
participate in the program under section 113 of the National 
Science Foundation Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 
1862g). 
(9) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Federal laboratory’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson- 
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
H. R. 4346—41 
(10) FEDERAL
RESEARCH
AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal 
research agency’’ means any Federal agency with an annual 
extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000 in fiscal 
year 2022 constant dollars. 
(11) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’ means the 
National Science Foundation. 
(12) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY.—The 
term ‘‘historically Black college and university’’ has the meaning 
given the term ‘‘part B institution’’ in section 322 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
(13) INSTITUTION
OF
HIGHER
EDUCATION.—The term 
‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 
(14) INTERAGENCY
WORKING
GROUP
ON
INCLUSION
IN 
STEM.—The term ‘‘interagency working group on inclusion in 
STEM’’ means the interagency working group established by 
section 308 of the American Innovation and Competitiveness 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6626). 
(15) LABOR ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘labor organization’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 2(5) of the National 
Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 152(5)), except that such term 
shall also include— 
(A) any organization composed of labor organizations, 
such as a labor union federation or a State or municipal 
labor body; and 
(B) any organization which would be included in the 
definition for such term under such section 2(5) but for 
the fact that the organization represents— 
(i) individuals employed by the United States, any 
wholly owned Government corporation, any Federal 
Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision 
thereof; 
(ii) individuals employed by persons subject to the 
Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.); or 
(iii) individuals employed as agricultural laborers. 
(16) LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘‘low-income indi-
vidual’’ means an individual from a family whose taxable 
income for the preceding year did not exceed 150 percent of 
an amount equal to the poverty level determined by using 
criteria of poverty established by the Bureau of the Census. 
(17) 
MANUFACTURING
EXTENSION
CENTER.—The 
term 
‘‘manufacturing extension center’’ has the meaning given the 
term ‘‘Center’’ in section 25(a) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(a)). 
(18) MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Manufac-
turing USA institute’’ means a Manufacturing USA institute 
described in section 34(d) of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)). 
(19) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘minority- 
serving institution’’ means a Hispanic-serving institution as 
defined in section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)); an Alaska Native-serving institution or 
Native Hawaiian-serving institution as defined in section 317(b) 
of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1059d(b)); or a Predominantly Black 
institution, Asian American and Native American Pacific
H. R. 4346—42 
Islander-serving institution, or Native American-serving non-
tribal institution as defined in section 371(c) of such Act (20 
U.S.C. 1067q(c)). 
(20) NATIONAL
ACADEMIES.—The term ‘‘National Acad-
emies’’ means the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine. 
(21) NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘non-profit 
organization’’ means an organization which is described in sec-
tion 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt 
from tax under section 501(a) of such code. 
(22) PREK–12.—The term ‘‘PreK–12’’ means pre-kinder-
garten through grade 12. 
(23) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.—The term ‘‘quantum 
information science’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801). 
(24) RECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘recipient’’ means an entity, 
usually a non-Federal entity, that receives a Federal award 
directly from a Federal research agency. The term ‘‘recipient’’ 
does not include entities that receive subawards or individuals 
that are the beneficiaries of the award. 
(25) RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
AWARD.—The term 
‘‘research and development award’’ means support provided 
to an individual or entity by a Federal research agency to 
carry out research and development activities, which may 
include support in the form of a grant, contract, cooperative 
agreement, or other such transaction. The term does not include 
a grant, contract, agreement or other transaction for the 
procurement of goods or services to meet the administrative 
needs of a Federal research agency. 
(26) SKILLED TECHNICAL WORK.—The term ‘‘skilled tech-
nical work’’ means an occupation that requires a high level 
of knowledge in a technical domain and does not require a 
bachelor’s degree for entry. 
(27) STEM.—The term ‘‘STEM’’ means science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics, including computer science. 
(28) STEM EDUCATION.—The term ‘‘STEM education’’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education 
Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note). 
(29) TECHNICAL STANDARD.—The term ‘‘technical standard’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 12(d)(5) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 
(15 U.S.C. 272 note). 
(30) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
College or University’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1059c). 
SEC. 10003. BUDGETARY EFFECTS. 
(a) STATUTORY PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects of 
this division shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard main-
tained pursuant to section 4(d) of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go 
Act of 2010 (2 U.S.C. 933(d)). 
(b) SENATE PAYGO SCORECARDS.—The budgetary effects of this 
division shall not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained 
for purposes of section 4106 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress). 
(c) CLASSIFICATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS.—Notwithstanding 
Rule 3 of the Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the
H. R. 4346—43 
joint explanatory statement of the committee of conference accom-
panying Conference Report 105–217 and section 250(c)(8) of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the 
budgetary effects of this division shall not be estimated— 
(1) for purposes of section 251 of such Act; 
(2) for purposes of an allocation to the Committee on Appro-
priations pursuant to section 302(a) of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974; and 
(3) for purposes of paragraph (4)(C) of section 3 of the 
Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 as being included in an 
appropriation Act. 
TITLE I—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 
SCIENCE FOR THE FUTURE 
SEC. 10101. MISSION OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE. 
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(d) USER
FACILITIES.—The Director shall carry out the 
construction, operation, and maintenance of user facilities to sup-
port the mission described in subsection (c). As practicable, these 
facilities shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, the 
academic community, and other relevant entities for the purposes 
of advancing the missions of the Department, improving the 
competitiveness of the United States, protecting public health and 
safety, and addressing other national priorities including emer-
gencies. 
‘‘(e) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary— 
‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of the Office of 
Science with the other activities of the Department, 
including the transfer of knowledge, capabilities, and rel-
evant technologies from basic research programs of the 
Department to applied research and development programs 
of the Department for the purpose of enabling development 
of mission-relevant technologies; 
‘‘(B) shall support joint activities among the programs 
of the Department; 
‘‘(C) shall coordinate with other relevant Federal agen-
cies operating under existing authorizations relating to 
subjects relating to the mission described in subsection 
(c) in supporting advancements in related research areas 
as appropriate; and 
‘‘(D) may form partnerships to enhance the utilization 
of and ensure access to user facilities by other Federal 
agencies. 
‘‘(2) OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—The Director— 
‘‘(A) shall ensure the coordination of programs and 
activities carried out by the Office of Science; and 
‘‘(B) shall direct all programs which have not recently 
completed a future planning roadmap consistent with the 
funding of such programs authorized under the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act to com-
plete such a roadmap.’’.
H. R. 4346—44 
SEC. 10102. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM. 
(a) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ACT.— 
Section 303 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as sub-
sections (c) through (g), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before subsection (c), as so redesignated, 
the following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized under sec-
tion 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139), the Director shall carry out a research and development 
program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and 
engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, geosciences, 
and other disciplines, to understand, model, and control matter 
and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in order 
to provide the foundations for new energy technologies, address 
scientific grand challenges, and support the energy, environment, 
and national security missions of the Department. 
‘‘(b) SUSTAINABLE
CHEMISTRY.—In carrying out chemistry- 
related research and development activities under this section, the 
Director shall prioritize research and development of sustainable 
chemistry to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives and 
methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated— 
(A) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subpara-
graph (E); and 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis 
and characterization facilities that leverage advances in 
artificial intelligence; and’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means the rate of flow 
of photons. 
‘‘(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘hard x-ray’ means 
a photon with energy greater than 20 kiloelectron volts. 
‘‘(B) UPGRADE.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in the 
publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on 
Facility Upgrades’, including the development of a 
multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and 
a suite of beamlines optimized for this source. 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
occurs before March 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph $14,200,000 for fiscal year 2023.
H. R. 4346—45 
‘‘(5) 
SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
PROTON
POWER 
UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) PROTON POWER UPGRADE DEFINED.—In this para-
graph, the term ‘proton power upgrade’ means the Spall-
ation Neutron Source power upgrade described in— 
‘‘(i) the publication entitled ‘Facilities for the 
Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published 
by the Office of Science of the Department in 
December, 2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication entitled ‘Four Years Later: 
An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of 
Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published by the 
Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled 
‘Report on Facility Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
occurs before July 30, 2028, with the option for early oper-
ation in 2025. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $14,202,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(iii) $1,567,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(6) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
SECOND
TARGET
STA-
TION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for a 
second target station for the Spallation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) SECOND TARGET STATION DEFINED.—In this para-
graph, the term ‘second target station’ means the Spallation 
Neutron Source second target station described in— 
‘‘(i) the publication entitled, ‘Facilities for the 
Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published 
by the Office of Science of the Department in 
December, 2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication entitled, ‘Four Years Later: 
An Interim Report on Facilities for the Future of 
Science: A Twenty-Year Outlook’, published by the 
Office of Science of the Department in August, 2007; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the Basic Energy 
Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled 
‘Report on Facility Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the second target station under 
this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2033, with the 
option for early operation in 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be
H. R. 4346—46 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this paragraph, including construction— 
‘‘(i) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $205,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(v) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means the rate of flow 
of photons. 
‘‘(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘soft x-ray’ means a 
photon with energy in the range from 50 to 2,000 
electron volts. 
‘‘(B) UPGRADE.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in the 
publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on 
Facility Upgrades’, including the development of a 
multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region. 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
occurs before September 30, 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(iv) $1,400,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(8) LINAC
COHERENT
LIGHT
SOURCE
II
HIGH
ENERGY 
UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) HIGH ENERGY.—The term ‘high energy’, with 
respect to an x-ray, means a photon with an energy 
in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range. 
‘‘(ii) HIGH REPETITION RATE.—The term ‘high rep-
etition rate’ means the delivery of x-ray pulses up 
to 1,000,000 pulses per second. 
‘‘(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE.—The term ‘ultra-short 
pulse’, with respect to an x-ray, means that the x- 
ray has bursts capable of durations of less than 100 
femtoseconds. 
‘‘(B) UPGRADE.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent 
Light Source II facility described in the publication 
approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Com-
mittee on June 9, 2016, entitled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’, including the development of experimental 
capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal funda-
mental scientific discoveries; and 
‘‘(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the production 
and use of high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays deliv-
ered at a high repetition rate.
H. R. 4346—47 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
occurs before December 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade 
under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(iv) $99,343,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(9) CRYOMODULE
REPAIR
AND
MAINTENANCE
FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance 
facility to service the Linac Coherent Light Source II and 
subsequent upgrades. 
‘‘(B) CONSULTATION
REQUIRED.—The Secretary shall 
consult with the private sector, institutions of higher edu-
cation, National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agen-
cies to ensure that the facility described in subparagraph 
(A) has the capability to maintain, repair, and test super-
conducting radio frequency accelerator components. 
‘‘(C) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $29,300,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(iv) $15,700,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER RECAPITALIZA-
TION PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
recapitalization of the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, 
to include the upgrade of equipment at each Center sup-
ported by the Office of Science on the date of enactment 
of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, to accelerate advances in the various fields 
of science including nanoscience, materials, chemistry, 
biology, and quantum information science. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (j), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the recapitaliza-
tion under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and 
‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024. 
‘‘(11) NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE II BEAMLINE 
BUILDOUT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
development and construction of experimental stations to 
provide significant additional beamline and instrument 
capacity, complement the existing portfolio of beamlines, 
and complete the buildout of the National Synchrotron 
Light Source II. 
‘‘(B) START OF OPERATIONS.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, the Secretary—
H. R. 4346—48 
‘‘(i) shall begin carrying out subparagraph (A) not 
later than September 30, 2036; and 
‘‘(ii) may begin carrying out subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(I) in calendar year 2033; or 
‘‘(II) after the construction of individual 
beamlines is complete.’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a program 
of research and development for the application of advanced 
computing practices to foundational and emerging research 
problems in chemistry and materials science. Research activi-
ties shall include— 
‘‘(A) chemical catalysis research and development; 
‘‘(B) the use of large data sets to model materials 
phenomena, including through advanced characterization 
of materials, materials synthesis, processing, and innova-
tive use of experimental and theoretical data; 
‘‘(C) codesign of chemical system and chemistry mod-
eling software with advanced computing systems and hard-
ware technologies; and 
‘‘(D) modeling of chemical processes, assemblies, and 
reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chem-
istry, including through novel computing methods. 
‘‘(2) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES 
CENTERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities author-
ized under paragraph (1), the Director shall select and 
establish up to 6 computational materials and chemical 
sciences centers to— 
‘‘(i) develop open-source, robust, and validated com-
putational codes and user-friendly software, coupled 
with innovative use of experimental and theoretical 
data, to enable the design, discovery, and development 
of new materials and chemical systems; and 
‘‘(ii) focus on overcoming challenges and maxi-
mizing the benefits of exascale and other high perform-
ance computing underpinned by accelerated node tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall select centers 
under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis. The Director shall consider applications from the 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
entities. 
‘‘(C) DURATION.— 
‘‘(i) NEW
CENTERS.—A center selected under 
subparagraph (A) shall receive support for a period 
of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
establishment of that center, subject to the availability 
of appropriations. 
‘‘(ii) EXISTING CENTERS.—A center already in exist-
ence on the date of enactment of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act may 
continue to receive support for a period of not more 
than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment 
of that center.
H. R. 4346—49 
‘‘(D) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any period of 
support of a center under this subsection, the Director 
may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed 
basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support the develop-
ment of a web-based platform to develop and provide access 
to a database of computed information on known and predicted 
materials properties and computational tools to accelerate 
breakthroughs in materials discovery and design. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this subsection, the 
Director shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct cooperative research among National Lab-
oratories, industry, academia, and other research institu-
tions to advance understanding, prediction, and manipula-
tion of materials and facilitate the design of novel mate-
rials; 
‘‘(B) develop and maintain data infrastructure at user 
facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and 
otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database; 
‘‘(C) leverage existing high performance computing sys-
tems to conduct high throughput calculations, and develop 
computational and data mining algorithms for the pre-
diction of material properties; 
‘‘(D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies 
and advanced manufacturing; and 
‘‘(E) drive the development of advanced materials for 
applications that span the Department’s missions in 
energy, environment, and national security. 
‘‘(3) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this subsection, the 
Director shall leverage programs and activities across the 
Department, including computational materials and chemical 
sciences centers established under subsection (h). 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection 
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated to the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.—Section 973 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDS.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
the following:
H. R. 4346—50 
‘‘(4) FUNDS.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’. 
(c) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.—Section 975 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 
the semicolon at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United States 
in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking funda-
mental research and development to deployment of storage 
solutions while minimizing the environmental impacts of 
energy storage technologies.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 
the semicolon at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) any other relevant office of the Department.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under 
this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’. 
(d) FOUNDATIONAL NUCLEAR SCIENCE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Science 
shall support a program of research and development to bridge 
scientific barriers to, and expand theoretical and fundamental 
knowledge relevant to, understanding nuclear materials and 
matter for the benefit of commerce, medicine, and national 
security. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in para-
graph (1)—
H. R. 4346—51 
(A) the Director of the Office of Science shall support 
basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, 
including— 
(i) research in nuclear materials science, including 
the application of advanced computing practices to 
foundational and emerging research areas in nuclear 
materials science and discovery, such as— 
(I) the advanced characterization of materials; 
(II) materials synthesis; 
(III) processing; 
(IV) the innovative use of experimental and 
theoretical data; and 
(V) mechanical behavior in unique environ-
ments, including the effects of radiation; 
(ii) electrochemistry research and associated tech-
niques for processing nuclear materials; 
(iii) the development of advanced instrumentation 
and nuclear data collection to inform the activities 
described in clauses (i) and (ii); and 
(iv) any other area of research, as determined by 
the Director of the Office of Science; and 
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy shall 
consult with the Director of the Office of Science to support 
the direction of translational research, development, and 
validation of physical concepts developed under the pro-
gram. 
(3) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to carry out 
activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027. 
(e) CARBON MATERIALS SCIENCE INITIATIVE.— 
(1) INITIATIVE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of Science 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Director’’) shall estab-
lish a research initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Carbon 
Materials Science Initiative’’ (referred to in this subsection 
as the ‘‘Initiative’’), to expand the fundamental knowledge 
of coal, coal-wastes, and carbon ore chemistry useful for 
understanding the conversion of carbon to material prod-
ucts. 
(B) COORDINATION.—In carrying out programs and 
activities under the Initiative, the Director shall leverage 
expertise and resources from the Office of Fossil Energy 
and Carbon Management and the United States Geological 
Survey. 
(C) TEAMS.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, 
the Director shall establish and organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the max-
imum extent practicable, expertise from the National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the 
private sector. 
(ii) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described 
in clause (i) shall pursue expedient, milestone-driven 
research goals established by the Director. 
(2) RESEARCH PROGRAM.—
H. R. 4346—52 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out under 
the Initiative a program to support, and discover funda-
mental knowledge relevant to, carbon materials and carbon 
ore processing research. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall, in coordination with 
the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy and 
Carbon Management, as appropriate, support research to 
pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, including— 
(i) methods of extraction, processing, recycling, and 
utilization of the materials and valuable minerals con-
tained in raw coal and coal-waste; 
(ii) methods of improving performance, cost, and 
availability of materials for use in carbon capture sys-
tems; and 
(iii) unconventional pathways and materials for 
conversion of carbon dioxide molecules, minerals, and 
materials. 
(C) REVIEW.—The Director shall periodically review 
activities carried out under the program described in 
subparagraph (A) to evaluate the achievement of scientific 
objectives and research milestones. 
(D) COORDINATION WITH EXISTING PROGRAMS AND CEN-
TERS.—In carrying out the program described in subpara-
graph (A), the Director shall— 
(i) ensure coordination and knowledge sharing 
with— 
(I) the United States Geological Survey; and 
(II) the programs and the Carbon Utilization 
Research Center established under section 969A 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16298a); and 
(ii) avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum 
extent practicable. 
(3) CARBON MATERIALS RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities author-
ized under paragraph (2), the Director shall establish 1 
center in each of the 2 major coal-producing regions of 
the United States, each of which shall— 
(i) be known as a ‘‘Carbon Materials Research 
Center’’ (referred to in this paragraph as a ‘‘Center’’); 
and 
(ii) focus on early stage research and development 
activities, including— 
(I) developing and advancing methods of 
extracting, processing, or recycling carbon or other 
valuable materials or minerals from raw coal, coal- 
waste, or other solid carbon materials, for the 
development of new carbon-based materials; 
(II) methods of improving the structural, phys-
ical, and chemical properties of carbon-based mate-
rials or other valuable materials from raw coal, 
coal-waste, or other solid carbon materials and 
their recyclability;
H. R. 4346—53 
(III) overcoming the challenges and maxi-
mizing the benefits of commercially extracting, pro-
ducing, or improving coal-derived carbon and 
resulting products; and 
(IV) identifying novel pathways and materials 
for carbon storage and conversion into useful prod-
ucts. 
(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall— 
(i) select Centers under subparagraph (A) on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and 
(ii) consider applications from the National Labora-
tories, institutions of higher education, multi-institu-
tional collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 
(C) DURATION.—A Center shall receive support for a 
period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date 
of establishment of that Center, subject to the availability 
of appropriations. 
(D) RENEWAL.—On the expiration of any period of sup-
port of a Center, the Director may renew support for that 
Center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more 
than 5 years. 
(E) EXISTING FACILITIES.—The Director shall— 
(i) ensure that the research activities carried out 
by the Centers are not duplicative of existing efforts; 
and 
(ii) if practicable, leverage existing user facilities 
and other capabilities of the Department of Energy 
to carry out the research objectives of the Centers. 
(f) CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESEARCH AND GEOLOGIC COMPUTA-
TIONAL SCIENCE INITIATIVE.— 
(1) INITIATIVE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 
to in this subsection as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall establish 
a research initiative, to be known as the ‘‘Carbon Seques-
tration Research and Geologic Computational Science Ini-
tiative’’ (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Initiative’’), 
to expand the fundamental knowledge, data collection, data 
analysis, and modeling of subsurface geology for the pur-
pose of advancing carbon sequestration in geologic forma-
tions. 
(B) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs and activi-
ties under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage exper-
tise and resources from the Office of Fossil Energy and 
Carbon Management and the United States Geological 
Survey. 
(C) TEAMS.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the Initiative, 
the Secretary shall establish and organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the max-
imum extent practicable, expertise from the National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the 
private sector. 
(ii) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams described 
in clause (i) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven 
research goals established by the Secretary.
H. R. 4346—54 
(D) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary may orga-
nize additional activities under this subsection through 
other organizational structures. 
(2) RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out under 
the Initiative a program to support research needed for, 
and discover knowledge relevant to, the sequestration of 
carbon in geologic formations. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program described in 
subparagraph (A), the Director of the Office of Science 
shall support fundamental research to pursue distinct lines 
of scientific inquiry, including— 
(i) gathering geologic data for pore space character-
ization, including improvements to geologic seismic 
imaging; 
(ii) evaluating pore space quality, including evalua-
tion of geologic samples, to determine appropriate 
sequestration zones for carbon; 
(iii) testing carbon sequestration; 
(iv) monitoring carbon migration in geologic forma-
tions; 
(v) advancements in data analytics, including the 
analysis of seismic data, and computational science 
to improve the advanced computing, visualization, and 
imaging of geologic formations for the sequestration 
of carbon; and 
(vi) predictive understanding of coupled processes 
in complex subsurface geologic systems for secure 
carbon storage. 
(C) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall periodically review 
activities carried out under the program described in 
subparagraph (A) to evaluate achievement of scientific 
objectives and research milestones. 
(3) CARBON STORAGE RESEARCH AND GEOLOGIC COMPUTA-
TIONAL SCIENCE CENTERS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities author-
ized under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall select and 
establish not more than 2 carbon storage research and 
geologic computational science centers (referred to in this 
paragraph as a ‘‘Center’’) to develop and advance improve-
ments to data collection, analysis, and modeling of sub-
surface geology for the purpose of advancing carbon seques-
tration in geologic formations. 
(B) SELECTION.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
(I) select Centers under subparagraph (A) on 
a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and 
(II) to the maximum extent practicable, locate 
each Center in a geographically diverse region with 
established and ongoing geologic carbon sequestra-
tion research and demonstration. 
(ii) APPLICATIONS.—In selecting Centers under 
subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider applica-
tions from institutions of higher education, multi- 
institutional collaborations, and other appropriate enti-
ties. 
(C) DURATION.—
H. R. 4346—55 
(i) NEW CENTERS.—A Center established after the 
date of enactment of this Act shall receive support 
for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on 
the date of establishment of that Center, subject to 
the availability of appropriations. 
(ii) EXISTING CENTERS.—A Center already in exist-
ence on the date of enactment of this Act may continue 
to receive support for a period of not more than 5 
years beginning on that date of enactment. 
(iii) RENEWAL.—On expiration of a period of sup-
port described in clause (i) or (ii), the Secretary may 
renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed 
basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 
(4) COORDINATION
WITH
EXISTING
PROGRAMS
AND
CEN-
TERS.—In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall— 
(A) ensure coordination with— 
(i) the United States Geological Survey; and 
(ii) the programs established under section 963 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16293); 
and 
(B) avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent 
practicable. 
(g) FUNDING FOR CARBON INITIATIVES.—Of the funds authorized 
to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there 
is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
activities under subsections (e) and (f) $50,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2023 through 2027. 
SEC. 10103. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) 
PROGRAM; 
BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS; 
BIOMOLECULAR 
CHARACTERIZATION
AND IMAGING SCIENCE.—Section 306 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
18644) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by redesignating paragraphs (6) 
through (8) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively; 
(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as sub-
sections (d) through (f), respectively; 
(3) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the duties of the Director authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the activities authorized 
under sections 303 and 304, the Director shall carry out a program 
of research and development in the areas of biological systems 
science and climate and environmental science, including subsurface 
science, relevant to the development of new energy technologies 
and to support the energy, environmental, and national security 
missions of the Department. 
‘‘(b) BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry out 
research and development activities in genomic science including 
fundamental research on plants and microbes to increase systems- 
level understanding of the complex biological systems, which may 
include activities— 
‘‘(1) to provide a fundamental understanding of the biology 
of plants, fungi, and microbes as a basis for developing innova-
tive processes for bioenergy and bioproducts and accelerate 
breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the cost- 
effective, sustainable production of—
H. R. 4346—56 
‘‘(A) advanced biofuels; 
‘‘(B) bioenergy; and 
‘‘(C) biobased materials; 
‘‘(2) to conduct foundational functional systems biology 
research— 
‘‘(A) to support expanded biosystems design research; 
and 
‘‘(B) to understand— 
‘‘(i) fundamental genome structure; and 
‘‘(ii) phenomes, including functional genomics of 
gene products at genome scale; 
‘‘(3) to develop biosystems designs and synthetic biology 
approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and microbially 
derived bioproducts as a basis for new bioeconomy and bio-
technology applications in bioproducts production, resource 
recovery, recycling, and upcycling ventures; 
‘‘(4) to better understand the behavior of microbiomes in 
the environment and the interdependencies between plants and 
microbes in a sustainable ecosystem; 
‘‘(5) to improve fundamental understanding of plant and 
microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle, including 
processes for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, 
through photosynthesis and other biological processes, for 
sequestration, storage, and utilization; 
‘‘(6) to understand the microbiome mechanisms and 
microbiota used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami-
nants from subsurface environments and that affect the cycling 
and disposition of carbon, nutrients, and contaminants in the 
environment; 
‘‘(7) 
to 
develop 
the 
computational 
approaches 
and 
integrated platforms for open access collaborative science; 
‘‘(8) to leverage tools and approaches across the Office 
of Science to expand research to include novel processes, 
methods, and science to develop bio-based chemicals, polymers, 
inorganic materials, including research— 
‘‘(A) to advance fungal, microbial, and plant biosystems 
design research to advance the understanding of how 
CRISPR tools and other gene editing tools and technologies 
work in nature, in the laboratory, and in practice; 
‘‘(B) to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of the roles 
of microbes and microbial communities, including fungi, 
in— 
‘‘(i) supporting plant and tree growth, productivity, 
performance, adaptation, and resilience in changing 
environmental conditions; and 
‘‘(ii) optimizing end uses of biomass; 
‘‘(C) to develop biosystems design methods and tools 
to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants; and 
‘‘(D) to increase the scale and pace of characterizing 
the functions and physical characteristics of microbes and 
microbial communities to improve biosystems design; 
‘‘(9) to conduct research focused on developing analysis 
techniques and simulation capabilities, including artificial intel-
ligence and machine learning, on high-performance computing 
platforms to accelerate collaborative and reproducible systems 
biology research;
H. R. 4346—57 
‘‘(10) to develop and improve new technologies for bio-
imaging, measurement, and characterization purposes to under-
stand the structural, spatial, and temporal relationships of 
metabolic processes governing phenotypic expression in plants 
and microbes; 
‘‘(11) to conduct research focused on genotype-to-phenotype 
translations to develop a predictive understanding of cellular 
function under a variety of relevant environmental and bio-
energy-related conditions; 
‘‘(12) to conduct metagenomic and metadata assembly 
research sequencing and analysis; and 
‘‘(13) to develop other relevant methods and processes as 
determined by the Director. 
‘‘(c) 
BIOMOLECULAR
CHARACTERIZATION
AND
IMAGING 
SCIENCE.—The Director shall carry out research and development 
activities in biomolecular characterization and imaging science, 
including development of new and integrative imaging and analysis 
platforms and biosensors to understand the expression, structure, 
and function of genome information encoded within cells and for 
real-time measurements in ecosystems and field sites of relevance 
to the mission of the Department.’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(l) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—The term ‘advanced biofuel’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the Farm Secu-
rity and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101). 
‘‘(2) BIOENERGY.—The term ‘bioenergy’ means energy 
derived from biofuels. 
‘‘(3) BIOMASS.—The term ‘biomass’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 15852(b)). 
‘‘(4) BIOPRODUCT.—The term ‘bioproduct’ has the meaning 
given the term ‘biobased product’ in section 9001 of the Farm 
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101).’’. 
(b) LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.—Paragraph (8) 
of subsection (e) of section 306 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated 
by subsection (a)(2), is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(G) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(c) LOW-DOSE RADIATION AND SPACE RADIATION RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM.—Subsection (f) of section 306 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644), as redesignated 
by subsection (a)(2), is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) LOW-DOSE RADIATION AND SPACE RADIATION RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration, shall carry out a basic research program on the similar-
ities and differences between the effects of exposure to low- 
dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the space 
environment.
H. R. 4346—58 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the program described in 
paragraph (1) is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and 
low dose-rate radiation research and development as described 
in subsection (e) and to inform the advancement of new tools, 
technologies, and advanced materials needed to facilitate long- 
duration space exploration.’’. 
(d) CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, AND OTHER ACTIVI-
TIES.—Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and 
Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) (as amended by subsection (a)) 
is amended by inserting after subsection (f) the following: 
‘‘(g) EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCES ACTIVI-
TIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities authorized under 
subsection (a), and in coordination with activities carried out 
under subsection (b), the Director shall coordinate with the 
National 
Oceanic 
and 
Atmospheric 
Administration, 
the 
National Science Foundation, the Environmental Protection 
Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, 
and any other relevant agencies to carry out activities relating 
to Earth and environmental systems science research, which 
may include activities— 
‘‘(A) to understand, observe, measure, and model the 
response of Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere to changing 
concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associ-
ated changes in climate, including frequency and intensity 
of extreme weather events; 
‘‘(B) to understand the coupled physical, chemical, and 
biological processes to transform, immobilize, remove, or 
move carbon, nitrogen, and other energy production-derived 
contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, and 
understand the process of sequestration and transformation 
of these, carbon dioxide, and other relevant molecules in 
subsurface environments; 
‘‘(C) to understand, observe, and model the cycling 
of water, carbon, and nutrients in terrestrial systems across 
spatiotemporal scales; 
‘‘(D) to understand the biological, biogeochemical, and 
physical processes across the multiple scales that control 
the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between 
the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere; and 
‘‘(E) to understand and predict interactions among nat-
ural and human systems to inform potential mitigation 
and adaptation options for increased concentrations of 
greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in 
climate. 
‘‘(2) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program author-
ized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize— 
‘‘(A) the development of software and algorithms to 
enable the productive application of environmental systems 
and extreme weather in climate and Earth system pre-
diction models in high-performance computing systems; and 
‘‘(B) capabilities that support the Department’s mission 
needs for energy and infrastructure security, resilience, 
and reliability. 
‘‘(3) ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCE RESEARCH.—
H. R. 4346—59 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities described 
in paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out research 
to advance an integrated, robust, and scale-aware pre-
dictive understanding of environmental systems, including 
the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to 
the top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects of 
seasonal to interannual variability and change. 
‘‘(B) CLEAN
WATER
AND
WATERSHED
RESEARCH.—As 
part of the activities described in subparagraph (A), the 
Director shall— 
‘‘(i) support interdisciplinary research to signifi-
cantly advance our understanding of water availability, 
quality, and the impact of human activity and a 
changing climate on urban and rural watershed sys-
tems, including in freshwater environments; 
‘‘(ii) consult with the Interagency Research, 
Development, and Demonstration Coordination Com-
mittee on the Nexus of Energy and Water for Sustain-
ability established under section 1010 of the Energy 
Act of 2020 (Public Law 116–260) on energy-water 
nexus research activities; 
‘‘(iii) engage with representatives of research and 
academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, State, 
territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and industry, 
who have expertise in technologies, technological 
innovations, or practices relating to the energy-water 
nexus, as applicable; and 
‘‘(iv) coordinate with the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration, the National Science 
Foundation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
Department of Agriculture, the Department of the 
Interior, and any other relevant agency. 
‘‘(C) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(i) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall carry out activi-
ties under this paragraph in accordance with priorities 
established by the Secretary to support and accelerate 
the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by 
the Department. 
‘‘(ii) SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall ensure the 
coordination of activities of the Department, including 
activities under this paragraph, to support and accel-
erate the decontamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department. 
‘‘(4) CLIMATE AND EARTH MODELING.—As part of the activi-
ties described in paragraph (1), the Director, in collaboration 
with the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program 
described in section 304 and other programs carried out by 
the Department, as applicable, and in coordination with the 
National 
Oceanic 
and 
Atmospheric 
Administration, 
the 
National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, and other relevant agencies, shall carry 
out research to develop, evaluate, and use high-resolution 
regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and other rel-
evant models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse gas 
emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing global cli-
mate. Such modeling shall include—
H. R. 4346—60 
‘‘(A) integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral 
interactions, including the impacts of climate policies on 
human systems and the interdependencies and risks at 
the energy-water-land nexus; 
‘‘(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, energy 
supply and demand, and other critical elements; and 
‘‘(C) interaction among human and Earth systems 
informed by interdisciplinary research, including the eco-
nomic and social sciences. 
‘‘(5) MIDSCALE FUNDING MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any of the activities authorized in 
this subsection may be carried out, in lieu of individual 
research grants— 
‘‘(i) by competitively selected midscale, multi- 
institutional research centers; 
‘‘(ii) by large-scale experiments or user facilities; 
or 
‘‘(iii) through existing facilities and systems of the 
Department or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
‘‘(B) CONSIDERATION.—The Biological and Environ-
mental Research Advisory Committee shall provide rec-
ommendations to the Director on projects most suitable 
for the research centers described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(6) ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS AND SCIENCES RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—As part of the activities carried 
out under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out a 
program, to be known as the ‘Atmospheric Systems and 
Sciences Research Program’, to use observations to improve 
understanding of atmospheric processes, under which the 
Director, in coordination, and as appropriate, collaboration, 
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
and other relevant Federal agencies conducting research 
under the topics described in this subparagraph, shall con-
duct research relating to— 
‘‘(i) better understanding the atmosphere and the 
interaction of the atmosphere with the surface of the 
Earth; 
‘‘(ii) understanding sources of uncertainty in Earth 
system models, including with respect to the inter-
dependence of clouds, atmospheric aerosols, radiation 
processes, and precipitation; 
‘‘(iii) understanding the radiative balance and 
hydrological cycle of Earth; 
‘‘(iv) demonstrating the improved predictability of 
regional and global atmospheric models due to 
improved process-level understanding; 
‘‘(v) atmospheric regimes with large uncertainties 
in earth system prediction, aerosol processes, warm 
boundary-layer processes, convective processes, and 
high-latitude processes; 
‘‘(vi) reduced uncertainty and improved simulation 
capability of earth system models of the atmospheric 
system in a holistic, comprehensive fashion; and 
‘‘(vii) understanding and modeling representation 
of priority research areas, including aerosol, warm
H. R. 4346—61 
boundary layer, convective, and high-latitude proc-
esses. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the Atmospheric Sys-
tems and Sciences Research Program, the Director shall, 
in coordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, with 
other relevant Federal agencies— 
‘‘(i) collect data and conduct research to advance 
atmospheric and Earth system modeling capabilities; 
‘‘(ii) develop or participate in existing or future 
integrated, scalable test-beds that— 
‘‘(I) incorporate process-level understanding of 
the life cycles of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation; 
and 
‘‘(II) can be incorporated into other models; 
‘‘(iii) improve data, analysis, and prediction sys-
tems in marine, littoral, terrestrial, and arctic environ-
ments, including those environments sensitive to 
changes in the climate, relating to the energy and 
science mission of the Department; and 
‘‘(iv) support the development of technologies 
relating to— 
‘‘(I) more accurate cloud, aerosol, and other 
atmospheric sensors; 
‘‘(II) observing sensor networks; and 
‘‘(III) computational predictive modeling. 
‘‘(C) USE
OF
ATMOSPHERIC
RADIATION
MEASUREMENT 
PROGRAM FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.—To support the 
Atmospheric Systems and Sciences Research Program and, 
in coordination, and as appropriate, in collaboration, with 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
other relevant Federal agencies, to improve fundamental 
understanding of the physical and chemical processes that 
impact the formation, life cycle, and radiative impacts of 
cloud and aerosol particles, atmospheric processes, and sur-
face or subsurface phenomena, the Director shall use the 
facilities and infrastructure of the Atmospheric Radiation 
Measurement User Facility, the Global Monitoring Labora-
tory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, or other Earth and Environmental Systems Sciences 
User Facilities— 
‘‘(i) to provide support to environmental scientists 
by collecting high-quality and well-characterized in- 
situ, remote-sensing, and aircraft observations of— 
‘‘(I) the microphysical properties of clouds and 
atmospheric aerosols; 
‘‘(II) the coincident and highly detailed dynam-
ical 
and 
thermodynamic 
properties 
of 
the 
atmospheric environment that contains those 
clouds and aerosols; 
‘‘(III) the properties of precipitation; 
‘‘(IV) the properties of radiation and the back-
ground environment; and 
‘‘(V) the properties of surface or subsurface 
phenomena; 
‘‘(ii) to carry out laboratory studies and ground- 
based and airborne field campaigns to target specific 
atmospheric and surface or subsurface processes
H. R. 4346—62 
relating to the energy and science mission of the 
Department in different locations and across a range 
of environments, including by developing technologies 
to assist in advancing predictive capabilities; 
‘‘(iii) to build data sets that can be incorporated 
into atmospheric models; and 
‘‘(iv) to enhance observations by using modeling 
and simulations that test the accuracy of climate model 
parameterizations. 
‘‘(h) BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH USER FACILI-
TIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program 
for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance 
of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of 
observational data related to complex biological, climate, and 
environmental systems. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall select user facili-
ties under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis. 
‘‘(B) APPLICANTS.—In selecting user facilities under 
paragraph (1), the Director shall consider applications from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
multi-institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
entities. 
‘‘(3) FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 
practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, operated, 
or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) distributed field research and observation plat-
forms for understanding earth system processes; 
‘‘(B) analytical techniques, instruments, and modeling 
resources, 
including 
high-throughput 
molecular 
phenotyping, for understanding and predicting the func-
tional processes of biological and environmental systems; 
‘‘(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, advanced 
bioanalytic 
techniques, 
DNA 
design 
and 
synthesis, 
metabolomics, and computational analysis; and 
‘‘(D) such other facilities as the Director considers 
appropriate, consistent with section 209 of the Department 
of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
‘‘(4) EXISTING
FACILITIES.—In carrying out the program 
established under paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged 
to evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to 
the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of 
those capabilities to address emerging research priorities. 
‘‘(5) EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCES USER 
FACILITIES.—In carrying out the program established under 
paragraph (1), the Director shall operate at least 1 user facility 
to 
advance 
the 
collection, 
validation, 
and 
analysis 
of 
atmospheric data, including through activities— 
‘‘(A) to advance knowledge of the Earth and environ-
mental systems and improve model representations; and 
‘‘(B) to measure the impact of atmospheric gases, 
aerosols, and clouds on the Earth and environmental sys-
tems. 
‘‘(6) MICROBIAL
MOLECULAR
PHENOTYPING
CAPABILITY 
PROJECT.—
H. R. 4346—63 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
expansion of the Environmental Molecular Sciences Labora-
tory, or subsequent facility successor, to advance high- 
throughput microbial plant and molecular phenotyping 
capability to accelerate discovery of new protein functions 
and metabolic pathways in microbial systems. 
‘‘(B) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities: 
‘‘(i) Coupled high-throughput autonomous experi-
mental and multimodal analytical capabilities. 
‘‘(ii) Direct integration of automated multiomics 
analyses, biomolecular and cellular imaging, and func-
tional biological assays with high-throughput microbial 
culturing and cultivation capabilities at timescales rel-
evant to biological processes under natural and per-
turbed environmental conditions. 
‘‘(C) DATA COORDINATION.—In carrying out subpara-
graph (A), the Secretary shall ensure integration and 
coordination with existing data platforms and user facilities 
of the Department. 
‘‘(D) START OF OPERATIONS.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, the Secretary shall begin carrying out 
subparagraph (A) not later than September 29, 2027. 
‘‘(E) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (k) for a fiscal year, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $550,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $29,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $32,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(v) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(7) USER
FACILITIES
INTEGRATION
AND
COLLABORATION 
PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a pro-
gram of collaboration between user facilities to encourage 
and enable researchers to more readily integrate the tools, 
expertise, resources, and capabilities of multiple Office of 
Science user facilities (as described in subsection (d) of 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and advance emerging 
technologies. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—The program shall advance the 
integration of automation, robotics, computational biology, 
bioinformatics, biosensing, cellular platforms and other rel-
evant emerging technologies as determined by the Director 
to enhance productivity and scientific impact of user facili-
ties. 
‘‘(8) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program author-
ized under paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the 
Office of Science coordinates with— 
‘‘(A) the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, 
the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration, the Department of Agri-
culture, the Department of the Interior, and any other 
relevant Federal agency on the collection, validation, and 
analysis of atmospheric data; and
H. R. 4346—64 
‘‘(B) relevant stakeholders, including institutions of 
higher education, nonprofit research institutions, industry, 
State, territorial, local, and Tribal governments, and other 
appropriate entities to ensure access to the best available 
relevant atmospheric and historical weather data. 
‘‘(i) TERRESTRIAL-AQUATIC INTERFACE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a research 
program to enhance the understanding of terrestrial-aquatic 
interface. In carrying out the program, the Director shall 
prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data, 
and shall develop models to analyze the natural and human 
processes that interact in littoral zones. 
‘‘(2) LITTORAL
DATA
COLLECTION
SYSTEM.—The Director 
shall establish an integrated system of geographically diverse 
field research sites in order to improve the scientific under-
standing and predictability of the major land water interfaces 
of the United States through improved data quantity and 
quality, including in— 
‘‘(A) the Great Lakes region; 
‘‘(B) the Pacific coast; 
‘‘(C) the Atlantic coast; 
‘‘(D) the Arctic; 
‘‘(E) the Gulf coast; and 
‘‘(F) the coasts of United States territories and freely 
associated States. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying out the pro-
grams and establishing the field research sites under para-
graphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing 
research and development infrastructure supported by the 
Department, including the Department’s existing marine and 
coastal research lab. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—For the purposes of carrying out the 
programs and establishing the field research sites under para-
graphs (1) and (2), the Secretary may enter into agreements 
with Federal departments and agencies with complementary 
capabilities, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and any other relevant Federal agency as appro-
priate. 
‘‘(5) REPORT.—Not earlier than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, the Director shall provide to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Natural 
Resources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, 
a report examining whether the system described in paragraph 
(2) should be established as a National User Facility within 
the Department or as a research facility within another Federal 
agency. 
‘‘(6) INTEROPERABILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall ensure that 
activities carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2), 
including observation, data collection, monitoring, and 
model development and enhancements, are interoperable 
and may be integrated with existing related systems at 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
other relevant Federal agencies, as practicable.
H. R. 4346—65 
‘‘(B) RESOURCES.—In carrying out subparagraph (A), 
in support of interoperability, as practicable, the Director 
may make available to other Federal agencies high 
performance computing resources. 
‘‘(C) NOAA.—The National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration shall integrate the data collected under 
the programs carried out under paragraphs (1) and (2) 
into relevant data systems and models, as practicable. 
‘‘(j) ENGINEERED ECOSYSTEMS INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish within the 
Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative 
focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through 
the application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabili-
ties, and other emerging technologies. 
‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY
COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall 
coordinate with the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion, 
the 
Administrator 
of 
the 
National 
Oceanic 
and 
Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological 
Survey, the Secretary of Agriculture, and other relevant officials 
to avoid duplication of research and observational activities 
and to ensure that activities carried out under the initiative 
established under paragraph (1) are complimentary to activities 
being undertaken by other agencies. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
of the Senate a report on the activity authorized under this 
subsection. 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $885,420,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $946,745,200 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,001,149,912 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,068,818,907 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,129,948,041 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(e) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.—Section 977 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317) is amended by striking sub-
section (f) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(f) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program under sec-
tion 306(a) of the Department of Energy Research and Innova-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the Director shall support up 
to 6 bioenergy research centers to conduct fundamental 
research in plant and microbial systems biology, biological 
imaging and analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced 
research and development of advanced biofuels, bioenergy or 
biobased materials, chemicals, and products that are produced 
from a variety of regionally diverse feedstocks, and to facilitate 
the translation of research results to industry. The activities 
of the centers authorized under this subsection may include— 
‘‘(A) accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-rel-
evant plants, microbes, and associated microbial commu-
nities to enable high-impact, value-added coproduct
H. R. 4346—66 
development at multiple points in the bioenergy supply 
chain; 
‘‘(B) developing the science and technological advances 
to ensure process sustainability is considered in the cre-
ation 
of 
advanced 
biofuels 
and 
bioproducts 
from 
lignocellulosic biomass; and 
‘‘(C) using the latest tools in genomics, molecular 
biology, catalysis science, chemical engineering, systems 
biology, and computational and robotics technologies to 
sustainably produce and transform biomass into advanced 
biofuels and bioproducts. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A center established under para-
graph (1) shall be selected on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to 
the availability of appropriations, beginning on the date 
of establishment of that center. 
‘‘(B) 
APPLICATIONS.—The 
Director 
shall 
consider 
applications from National Laboratories, multi-institutional 
collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING CENTERS.—A center already in existence 
on the date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act may continue to receive 
support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning 
on the date of establishment of that center. 
‘‘(D) NEW CENTERS.—The Director shall select any new 
center pursuant to paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit- 
reviewed basis, with special consideration for applications 
from an institution of higher education (as defined in sec-
tion 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1001)) that is located in an eligible jurisdiction (as defined 
in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 
(42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))). 
‘‘(3) RENEWAL.—After the end of the applicable period 
described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew support 
for a center for a period of not more than 5 years on a merit- 
reviewed basis. For a center in operation for 10 years after 
its previous selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, 
the Director may renew support for the center on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, 
and may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a 
merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(4) ACTIVITIES.—Centers shall undertake research activi-
ties to accelerate the production of advanced biofuels and bio-
products from biomass resources by identifying the most suit-
able species of plants for use as energy crops; and improving 
methods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, har-
vesting, storage and processing. Activities may include the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) Research activities to increase sustainability, 
including— 
‘‘(i) advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop 
interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental fac-
tors influence crop growth, yield, and quality; 
‘‘(ii) identifying the most impactful research areas 
that address the economics of advanced biofuels and 
bioproducts production; and
H. R. 4346—67 
‘‘(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to advance pre-
dictive understanding of advanced biofuel cropping eco-
systems. 
‘‘(B) Research activities to further feedstock develop-
ment, including lignocellulosic, algal, gaseous wastes 
including carbon oxides and methane, and direct air cap-
ture of single carbon gases via plants and microbes, 
including— 
‘‘(i) developing genetic and genomic tools, high- 
throughput analytical tools, and biosystems design 
approaches to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and their 
associated microbiomes; 
‘‘(ii) conducting field testing of new potential bio-
energy feedstock crops under environmentally benign 
and 
geographically 
diverse 
conditions 
to 
assess 
viability and robustness; and 
‘‘(iii) developing quantitative models informed by 
experimentation to predict how bioenergy feedstocks 
perform under diverse conditions. 
‘‘(C) Research activities to improve lignocellulosic 
deconstruction and separation methods, including— 
‘‘(i) developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction 
processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass 
into targeted output streams; 
‘‘(ii) gaining a detailed understanding of plant cell 
wall biosynthesis, composition, structure, and prop-
erties during deconstruction; and 
‘‘(iii) improving enzymes and approaches for bio-
mass breakdown and cellulose, hemicellulose, and 
lignin processing. 
‘‘(D) Research activities to improve the feedstock 
conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts, 
including— 
‘‘(i) developing high-throughput methods to screen 
or select high-performance microbial strains and 
communities to improve product formation rates, 
yields, and selectivity; 
‘‘(ii) establishing a broad set of platform microorga-
nisms and microbial communities suitable for meta-
bolic engineering to produce advanced biofuels and bio-
products and high-throughput methods for experi-
mental validation of gene function; 
‘‘(iii) developing techniques to enhance microbial 
robustness for tolerating toxins to improve advanced 
biofuel and bioproduct yields and to gain a better 
understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of 
tolerance for major chemical classes of inhibitors found 
in these processes; 
‘‘(iv) advancing technologies for the use of batch, 
continuous, and consolidated bioprocessing; 
‘‘(v) identifying, creating, and optimizing microbial 
and chemical pathways to produce promising, atom- 
economical intermediates and final bioproducts from 
biomass with considerations given to environmentally 
benign processes; 
‘‘(vi) developing high-throughput, real-time, in situ 
analytical techniques to understand and characterize
H. R. 4346—68 
the pre- and post-bioproduct separation streams in 
detail; 
‘‘(vii) creating methodologies for efficiently identi-
fying viable target molecules, identifying high-value 
bioproducts in existing biomass streams, and utilizing 
current byproduct streams; 
‘‘(viii) identifying and improving plant feedstocks 
with enhanced extractable levels of desired bioproducts 
or bioproduct precursors, including lignin streams; and 
‘‘(ix) developing integrated biological and chemical 
catalytic approaches to valorize and produce a diverse 
portfolio of advanced biofuels and bioproducts. 
‘‘(5) INDUSTRY
PARTNERSHIPS.—Centers shall establish 
industry partnerships to translate research results to commer-
cial applications. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In coordination with the Bioenergy 
Technologies Office of the Department, the Secretary shall sup-
port interdisciplinary research activities to improve the 
capacity, efficiency, resilience, security, reliability, and afford-
ability, of the production and use of advanced biofuels and 
bioproducts, as well as activities to enable positive impacts 
and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production 
and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts may have on 
ecosystems, people, and historically marginalized communities. 
‘‘(7) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (k) of section 306 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) for a fiscal 
year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
to carry out this subsection $30,000,000 per center established 
under paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027. 
‘‘(8) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) ADVANCED BIOFUEL.—The term ‘advanced biofuel’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 9001 of the 
Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 
8101). 
‘‘(B) BIOENERGY.—The term ‘bioenergy’ means energy 
derived from biofuels. 
‘‘(C) BIOMASS.—The term ‘biomass’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(b)). 
‘‘(D) BIOPRODUCT.—The term ‘bioproduct’ has the 
meaning given the term ‘biobased product’ in section 9001 
of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8101).’’. 
SEC. 10104. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.—Section 304 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
U.S.C. 18642) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as sub-
sections (b) through (d), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, 
the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities authorized under 
section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with
H. R. 4346—69 
academia and relevant public and private sector entities, a research, 
development, and demonstration program— 
‘‘(1) to steward applied mathematics, computational science, 
and computer science research relevant to the missions of the 
Department and the competitiveness of the United States; 
‘‘(2) to develop modeling, simulation, and other computa-
tional tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the 
development of new energy technologies and other technologies; 
‘‘(3) to advance computing and networking capabilities for 
data-driven discovery; and 
‘‘(4) to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and 
software tools for science and engineering.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated— 
(A) by striking ‘‘The Director’’ and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Director’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Under Secretary for Science shall 
ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, 
including activities under this section, to determine and meet 
the computational and networking research and facility needs 
of the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology 
and energy efficiency programs within the Department and 
with other Federal agencies as appropriate.’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR 
HIGH-END
COMPUTING
SYSTEMS
AND
COMPUTER
SCIENCES 
RESEARCH.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out activities 
to develop, test, and support— 
‘‘(A) mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for mod-
eling complex systems relevant to the missions of the 
Department, including on advanced computing architec-
tures; and 
‘‘(B) tools, languages, programming environments, and 
operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in 
section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership 
Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)). 
‘‘(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall maintain a bal-
anced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing 
research and development program established under sec-
tion 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) 
that supports robust investment in— 
‘‘(i) applied mathematical, computational, and com-
puter sciences research needs relevant to the mission 
of the Department, including foundational areas that 
are critical to the advancement of energy sciences and 
technologies and new and emerging computing tech-
nologies; and 
‘‘(ii) associated high-performance computing hard-
ware and facilities. 
‘‘(B) EXASCALE ECOSYSTEM SUSTAINMENT.— 
‘‘(i) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Exascale Computing Project has success-
fully created a broad ecosystem that provides shared
H. R. 4346—70 
software packages, novel evaluation systems, and 
applications relevant to the science and engineering 
requirements of the Department, and that such prod-
ucts must be maintained and improved in order that 
the full potential of the deployed systems can be 
continuously realized. 
‘‘(ii) SUSTAINMENT.—The Secretary shall seek to 
sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause 
(i) to ensure that the exascale software stack and other 
research software will continue to be maintained, hard-
ened, and otherwise optimized for long-term use on 
exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability 
to the user community.’’; and 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) ADVANCED COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a program 
to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing 
systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. 
In establishing this program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain foundational research programs in 
mathematical, 
computational, 
and 
computer 
sciences 
focused on new and emerging computing needs within the 
mission of the Department, including post-Moore’s law com-
puting architectures, novel approaches to modeling and 
simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific machine 
learning, quantum computing, edge computing, extreme 
heterogeneity, including potential quantum accelerators, 
and distributed high-performance computing; 
‘‘(B) retain best practices and maintain support for 
essential hardware, applications, and software elements 
of the Exascale Computing Program that are necessary 
for sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable software 
ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and 
‘‘(C) develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing 
on-premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data 
management. 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enact-
ment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
of the Senate a report on the development and implementation 
of the strategy described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) GUIDANCE ON MITIGATION OF BIAS IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE 
COMPUTING CAPABILITIES.—In leveraging high-performance com-
puting systems for research purposes, including through the use 
of machine learning algorithms for data analysis and artificial 
intelligence, the Secretary shall issue, and ensure adherence to, 
guidance for the Department, the National Laboratories, and users 
as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that 
mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful 
algorithmic bias. 
‘‘(g) ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH IN HETEROGENEOUS COMPUTING 
SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program 
of 
research 
and 
development 
in 
heterogeneous 
and 
reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of
H. R. 4346—71 
the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing 
systems to deliver high performance, high efficiency computing 
for Department mission challenges. The program shall include 
research and development that explores the convergence of 
big data analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to 
drive the design of heterogeneous computing system architec-
tures. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program described 
in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure coordination 
between research activities undertaken by the Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research program and materials research 
supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the 
Office of Science. 
‘‘(h) ENERGY EFFICIENT COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support a program 
of fundamental research, development, and demonstration of 
energy efficient computing and data center technologies rel-
evant to advanced computing applications, including high- 
performance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific 
machine learning. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 
‘‘(A) PROGRAM.—In carrying out the program under 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a partnership for National Labora-
tories, industry partners, and institutions of higher 
education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, 
technology, software, and applications across all 
applicable program offices of the Department, and pro-
vide access to energy efficient computing resources to 
such partners; 
‘‘(ii) develop hardware and software technologies 
that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing 
practices, including through data center codesign; 
‘‘(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous computing 
architectures in collaboration with the program estab-
lished under subsection (g), including neuromorphic 
computing, persistent computing, and ultrafast net-
working; and 
‘‘(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from 
institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, 
industry, and other Federal agencies to the energy 
efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to 
clause (i). 
‘‘(B) SELECTION
OF
PARTNERS.—In selecting partici-
pants for the partnership established under subparagraph 
(A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a 
competitive, merit review process. 
‘‘(C) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of the Research and Development, Competi-
tion, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on— 
‘‘(i) the activities conducted under subparagraph 
(A); and
H. R. 4346—72 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and management of the pro-
gram under subparagraph (A) to ensure an integrated 
research program across the Department. 
‘‘(i) ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for upgrades 
to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet 
the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data 
transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large- 
scale science. 
‘‘(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph (1), the Sec-
retary shall ensure the following capabilities: 
‘‘(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking 
across the continental United States and the Atlantic 
Ocean. 
‘‘(B) To ensure network reliability. 
‘‘(C) To protect the network infrastructure from 
cyberattacks. 
‘‘(D) To manage transport of exponentially increasing 
levels of data from the Department’s National Laboratories 
and sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors. 
‘‘(E) To contribute to the integration of heterogeneous 
computing frameworks and systems. 
‘‘(j) COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support the Com-
putational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to 
facilitate 
collaboration 
between 
graduate 
students 
and 
researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to 
the development of a diverse and inclusive computational 
workforce to help advance research in all areas of computational 
science relevant to the mission of the Department, including 
quantum computing. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying 
out activities under this subsection— 
‘‘(A) $15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(B) $16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(C) $17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(D) $18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(E) $19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) QUANTUM SCIENCE NETWORK.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National Quantum Ini-
tiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); 
and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM
NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 
‘quantum network infrastructure’ means any facility, expertise,
H. R. 4346—73 
or capability that is necessary to enable the development and 
deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network tech-
nologies.’’. 
(2) DEPARTMENT
OF
ENERGY
QUANTUM
NETWORK
INFRA-
STRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Title IV of the National Quantum 
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRA-
STRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out a research, develop-
ment, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in 
quantum network infrastructure in order to— 
‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum com-
puting systems through the internet and intranet; 
‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific 
phenomena and physical imaging technologies; 
‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum communications tech-
nologies and strategies; 
‘‘(4) demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the Depart-
ment of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility; and 
‘‘(5) advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufac-
turing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling 
capabilities. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum 
Information Science of the National Science and Technology 
Council established under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic 
and Security Implications of Quantum Science; 
‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure 
methods and technologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical 
channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical net-
working and cybersecurity protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources 
and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum 
states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range local 
connections between quantum processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals 
between optical wavelength regimes, including tele-
communications regimes and quantum computer-relevant 
domains, including microwaves; 
‘‘(E) development of quantum memory buffers and 
small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with 
photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommuni-
cations wavelengths;
H. R. 4346—74 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution, including 
allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and 
large scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial and 
space-based level using quantum repeaters and optical or 
laser communications; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and 
related technologies necessary to create secure long-dis-
tance quantum communication; and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the quantum tech-
nology stack into traditional computing networks, including 
the development of remote controlled, high-performance, 
and reliable implementations of key quantum network 
components by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and 
supplemental investments at the National Laboratories in 
the Energy Sciences Network User Facility; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development 
Consortium and other organizations, as applicable, to transition 
component technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the 
development of a quantum supply chain for quantum network 
technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific com-
puting, particle and nuclear physics, and material science to 
enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 
materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to 
quantum network infrastructure; 
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in collabora-
tion with the Energy Sciences Network User Facility necessary 
to support cross-cutting fundamental research and development 
activities with diverse stakeholders from industry, National 
Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications 
that span the Department of Energy’s missions in energy, 
environment, and national security. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the 
Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
Centers. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research 
needs relating to quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall review activi-
ties carried out under this section to determine the achievement 
of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there is authorized