I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 91 
To require that each bill enacted by Congress be limited to only one subject, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 9, 2023 
Mr. BIGGS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To require that each bill enacted by Congress be limited 
to only one subject, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘One Bill, One Subject 
Transparency Act’’. 
SEC. 2. ONE SUBJECT PER BILL. 
(a) ONE SUBJECT.—Each bill or joint resolution 
shall embrace no more than one subject. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:21 Apr 28, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H91.IH
H91
pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB
(b) SUBJECT IN TITLE.—The subject of a bill or joint 
resolution shall be clearly and descriptively expressed in 
the title. 
(c) APPROPRIATION BILLS.—An appropriations bill 
shall not contain any general legislation or change of exist-
ing law provision which is not germane to the subject mat-
ter of the underlying bill. This subsection does not prohibit 
any provision imposing limitations upon the expenditure 
of appropriated funds. 
SEC. 3. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) MULTIPLE SUBJECTS IN TITLE.—If the title of 
an Act or joint resolution addresses two or more unrelated 
subjects, then the entire Act or joint resolution is void. 
(b) PROVISIONS NOT EXPRESSED IN TITLE.—If an 
Act or joint resolution contains provisions concerning a 
subject that is not clearly and descriptively expressed in 
its title, those provisions shall be void. 
(c) APPROPRIATION
PROVISIONS
OUTSIDE
SUB-
COMMITTEE
JURISDICTION.—If an Act appropriating 
funds contains a provision outside of the jurisdiction of 
the relevant subcommittee of the Committees on Appro-
priations of the House and of the Senate, and therefore 
outside the subject of the bill, then such provision shall 
be void. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:21 Apr 28, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H91.IH
H91
pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB
(d) PROVISIONS
OF APPROPRIATIONS BILLS NOT 
GERMANE
TO SUBJECT MATTER.—If an Act appro-
priating funds contains general legislation or change of ex-
isting law provision not germane to the subject matter of 
the underlying bill, then every such provision shall be void. 
(e) COMMENCEMENT OF AN ACTION.—Any person, 
including a Member of the House of Representatives or 
a Member of the Senate, aggrieved by the enforcement or 
threat of enforcement of Acts that do not comply with sec-
tion 2 shall have a cause of action under sections 2201 
and 2202 of title 28, United States Code, against the 
United States to seek appropriate relief, including an in-
junction against the enforcement of any law, the passage 
of which did not conform to section 2 or this section. The 
cause of action only applies to an Act or joint resolution 
signed into law on or after the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
(f) STATE
OF REVIEW.—In any judicial action 
brought pursuant to subsection (e), the standard of review 
shall be de novo. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:21 Apr 28, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H91.IH
H91
pbinns on DSKJLVW7X2PROD with $$_JOB