datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
H. R. 1912 
One Hundred Nineteenth Congress 
of the 
United States of America 
AT THE FIRST SESSION 
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Friday, 
the third day of January, two thousand and twenty-five 
An Act 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve the repayment by the Secretary 
of Veterans Affairs of benefits misused by a fiduciary, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Veteran Fraud Reimbursement 
Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. IMPROVEMENT TO REPAYMENT BY SECRETARY OF VETERANS 
AFFAIRS OF CERTAIN MISUSED BENEFITS. 
Section 6107 of title 38, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows: 
‘‘§ 6107. Reissuance of benefits 
‘‘(a) REISSUANCE OF MISUSED BENEFITS.—(1) In any case in 
which a fiduciary misuses all or part of an individual’s benefit 
paid to such fiduciary, the Secretary shall pay to the beneficiary 
or the beneficiary’s successor fiduciary an amount equal to the 
amount of such benefit so misused. 
‘‘(2) In any case in which the Secretary reissues a benefit 
payment (in whole or in part) under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall make a good faith effort to obtain recoupment from the fidu-
ciary to whom the payment was originally made. 
‘‘(3) In any case in which the Secretary obtains recoupment 
from a fiduciary who has misused benefits, the Secretary shall 
promptly remit payment of the recouped amounts to the beneficiary 
or the beneficiary’s successor fiduciary, as the case may be, to 
the extent that such amounts have not been paid under paragraph 
(1). 
‘‘(b) REISSUANCE OF AMOUNTS IN THE CASE OF A DECEASED 
BENEFICIARY.—(1) If a beneficiary described in subsection (a)(1) 
predeceases a payment under such subsection, the Secretary shall 
pay such amount, subject to paragraph (2), to an individual or 
entity in accordance with section 5121 of this title. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary may not make a payment under this sub-
section to a fiduciary who misused benefits of the beneficiary. 
‘‘(c) LIMITATION
ON TOTAL AMOUNT PAID.—The total of the 
amounts paid to a beneficiary or the beneficiary’s successor fiduciary 
under this section may not exceed the total benefit amount misused 
by the fiduciary with respect to that beneficiary. 
‘‘(d) OVERSIGHT OF NEGLIGENCE.—(1) The Secretary shall estab-
lish methods and timing with respect to determining whether an 
instance of misuse by a fiduciary, of all or part of an individual’s
H. R. 1912—2 
benefit paid to such fiduciary, is the result of negligence by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary may not withhold the reissuing of a benefit 
payment under subsection (a)(1) by reason of a pending determina-
tion under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(3) The Secretary is not required to make a determination 
under paragraph (1) for each instance of misuse by a fiduciary, 
of all or part of an individual’s benefit paid to such fiduciary.’’. 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
(iii) 
appropriate 
deductions 
and 
withholdings under sections 8422 and 
8423 of title 5, United States Code, were 
made during such service. 
(B) CREDIT
FOR
SERVICE.—To receive 
credit for eligible service under subparagraph 
(A), the applicable individual shall— 
(i) before the date on which the indi-
vidual separates from service in the agency 
in which the individual holds a position on 
the date of enactment of this Act, submit 
a written election to the agency employing 
the individual; 
(ii) if the individual is not employed 
by the agency that employed the individual 
when the service described in subpara-
graph (A) was performed, submit a written 
election to such agency; and 
(iii) remit to the agency that em-
ployed the individual when such service 
was performed the additional amount that 
would have been deducted during the pe-
riod of prior service under section 8422 of 
title 5, United States Code, from the pay 
of the individual if the amendments made 
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HR 1912 RFS
by a fiduciary, of all or part of an individual’s benefit paid 
to such fiduciary.’’. 
Passed the House of Representatives May 5, 2025. 
Attest: 
KEVIN F. MCCUMBER, 
Clerk. 
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(22) Section 3(36)(A)(iv) of the Workforce In-
novation 
and 
Opportunity 
Act 
(29 
U.S.C. 
3102(36)(A)(iv)). 
(23) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(xiii) of title 31, 
United States Code. 
(24) Section 252(i) of the Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention Act 1974 (34 U.S.C. 
11162(i)). 
(25) Section 402a(f)(2)(A) of title 37, United 
States Code. 
(26) Section 113(e)(8)(A) of title 40, United 
States Code. 
(27) Sections 722(b)(3)(A)(i), 722(b)(3)(B)(i), 
722(b)(3)(C)(i), 
722(b)(3)(D)(i), 
722(d)(3), 
722(d)(4)(A), 722(d)(5), 722(d)(7), 722(d)(11)(A), 
and 722(d)(13) of title VII of division N and section 
904(a)(6)(B) of title IX of division N of the Consoli-
dated Appropriations Act, 2021 (42 U.S.C. 1751 
note; 47 U.S.C. 1752(a)(6)(B)). 
(28) Sections 222(3), 307(b)(1), 307(b)(1)(A), 
307(b)(2), and 336(a) of the Healthy, Hunger-Free 
Kids Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1751 note, 1766 note). 
(29) Sections 2(4), 125, 301(a), 301(b)(1), 
301(a), 301(b)(1), 301(b)(2), and 301(b)(3) of the 
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health insurance issuer for each cov-
ered drug (identified by the National 
Drug Code) to the entity providing 
pharmacy benefit management serv-
ices or other applicable entity on be-
half of the group health plan or health 
insurance issuer; 
‘‘(II) the contracted compensa-
tion paid to the pharmacy, by any en-
tity providing pharmacy benefit man-
agement services or other applicable 
entity on behalf of the group health 
plan or health insurance issuer, for 
each covered drug (identified by the 
National Drug Code); 
‘‘(III) for each such claim, the 
difference between the amount paid 
under subclause (I) and the amount 
paid under subclause (II); 
‘‘(IV) the proprietary name, es-
tablished name or proper name, and 
National Drug Code; 
‘‘(V) for each claim for the drug 
(including original prescriptions and 
refills) and for each dosage unit of the 
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A BILL 
To amend the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit the Federal 
reserve banks from offering certain products or services 
directly to an individual, to prohibit the use of central 
bank digital currency for monetary policy, and for other 
purposes. 
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HR 1917 RFS
(5) annually, Federal, State, and Tribal agen-
cies stock approximately 21,000,000 hatchery-pro-
duced fish in the Great Lakes to support— 
(A) native species recovery; and 
(B) recreational and commercial fishing; 
(6) mass marking of hatchery-produced fish, 
using automated technology, is an efficient method 
of implementing a collaborative, science-based fish-
ery program; and 
(7) the Great Lakes are an important and val-
ued resource that— 
(A) supports a robust regional economy 
valued at more than $7,000,000,000; and 
(B) provides stability to the economy of 
the United States. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service. 
(2) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the Great Lakes Mass Marking Program established 
by section 4(a). 
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(12) Section 142(o) of such Code is amended 
by inserting ‘‘as in effect immediately prior to its re-
peal’’ after ‘‘(as defined in section 45Q(e)(3)’’. 
(13) Section 168(e)(3)(B) of such Code is 
amended— 
(A) in clause (v), by adding ‘‘and’’ at the 
end, and 
(B) by striking clause (vi). 
(14) Section 179D(b) of such Code is amend-
ed— 
(A) in paragraph (4)(B), by inserting ‘‘(as 
in effect immediately prior to its repeal)’’ after 
‘‘section 45(b)(7)(B)’’, and 
(B) in paragraph (5), by inserting ‘‘(as in 
effect immediately prior to its repeal)’’ after 
‘‘section 45(b)(8)’’. 
(15) Section 409 of such Code is amended— 
(A) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘section 
48(n)(1) or’’ and ‘‘section 48(n)(1) and’’, and 
(B) in subsection (m), by striking ‘‘, or 
subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 48(n)(1)’’. 
(16) Section 501(c)(12) of such Code is amend-
ed by striking subparagraph (I) and by redesig-
nating subparagraph (J) as subparagraph (I). 
(17) Section 6417 of such Code is amended— 
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I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1916 
Making appropriations for the salaries and expenses of certain U.S. Customs 
and Border Protection employees working during a Government shutdown 
in fiscal year 2025, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 6, 2025 
Ms. DE LA CRUZ (for herself, Mr. CISCOMANI, Mr. CRENSHAW, Ms. MACE, 
Ms. TENNEY, Mr. LUTTRELL, Ms. PEREZ, Mr. CARTER of Texas, Mr. 
KEAN, Mr. GOODEN, Mr. SCOTT FRANKLIN of Florida, Mr. NEWHOUSE, 
Ms. MALLIOTAKIS, Mr. BRESNAHAN, Mr. TONY GONZALES of Texas, Mr. 
GUEST, and Mr. GILL of Texas) introduced the following bill; which was 
referred to the Committee on Appropriations 
A BILL 
Making appropriations for the salaries and expenses of cer-
tain U.S. Customs and Border Protection employees 
working during a Government shutdown in fiscal year 
2025, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pay Our Border Patrol 
and Customs Agents Act of 2025’’. 
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SEC. 2. PAYMENT OF SALARIES OF CERTAIN CBP EMPLOY-
EES 
WORKING 
DURING 
A 
GOVERNMENT 
SHUTDOWN. 
There are appropriated for fiscal year 2025, out of 
any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
such sums as are necessary to pay, during any period of 
a lapse in discretionary appropriations during such fiscal 
year beginning on or after the date of the enactment of 
this section, the salaries and expenses of any Agents of 
the U.S. Border Patrol and officers of the Office of Field 
Operations within U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
excepted from furlough during such lapse. 
Æ 
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(D) produces data used by State and Tribal 
fish management agencies to make management 
decisions regarding Great Lakes fisheries; 
(5) annually, Federal, State, and Tribal agencies 
stock approximately 21,000,000 hatchery-produced 
fish in the Great Lakes to support— 
(A) native species recovery; and 
(B) recreational and commercial fishing; 
(6) mass marking of hatchery-produced fish, 
using automated technology, is an efficient method of 
implementing a collaborative, science-based fishery 
program; and 
(7) the Great Lakes are an important and val-
ued resource that— 
(A) supports a robust regional economy val-
ued at more than $7,000,000,000; and 
(B) provides stability to the economy of the 
United States. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the 
Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice. 
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(b) AUTHORIZED ACTIONS.—In carrying out the Pro-
gram, the Director may— 
(1) purchase capital and expendable equipment, 
fish tags, and other items necessary to support and 
carry out tagging and tag recovery operations, in-
cluding data processing and data dissemination re-
lating to those operations; and 
(2) hire additional personnel, as necessary. 
(c) REQUIRED COLLABORATION.—In carrying out 
the Program, the Director shall collaborate with applicable 
Federal, State, and Tribal fish management agencies, the 
Council of Lake Committees of the Great Lakes Fishery 
Commission, and signatories to the Joint Strategic Plan 
for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries. 
(d) AVAILABILITY
OF DATA.—The Director shall 
make the data collected under the Program available to 
applicable Federal, State, and Tribal fish management 
agencies— 
(1) to increase the understanding of the out-
comes of management action; 
(2) to assist in meeting the restoration objec-
tives of the Great Lakes, including the fish commu-
nity objectives and fish management plans described 
in the Joint Strategic Plan for Management of 
Great Lakes Fisheries; 
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(3) to assist in balancing predators and prey; 
(4) to support and improve the economic status 
of Tribal, recreational, and commercial fisheries; and 
(5) to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of 
habitat restoration efforts in the Great Lakes. 
SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
the Program $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
through 2030. 
Æ 
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IIB 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1917 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
JULY 23, 2025 
Received; read twice and referred to theCommittee on Environment and Public 
Works 
AN ACT 
To establish the Great Lakes Mass Marking Program, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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HR 1917 RFS
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Great Lakes Mass 
Marking Program Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds that— 
(1) the Great Lakes have experienced rapid 
changes in recent years due to— 
(A) the introduction of multiple aquatic 
invasive species; 
(B) alterations in the food web; and 
(C) decreases in the abundance of prey 
species; 
(2) due to rapid biological change in the Great 
Lakes, the Great Lakes need a collaborative, science- 
based program to assist in making management ac-
tions regarding fish stocking rates, the rehabilitation 
of important fish species, and habitat restoration; 
(3) the States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 
Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Wis-
consin and Indian Tribes in those States, working 
through the Council of Lake Committees of the 
Great Lakes Fishery Commission, have identified 
that mass marking is— 
(A) a precise tool to keep hatchery-pro-
duced fish in balance with wild fish; and 
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(B) essential to achieving fishery manage-
ment and research objectives through producing 
a better understanding of— 
(i) the quantity of hatchery produced 
fish compared to wild fish in the Great 
Lakes; 
(ii) the effectiveness of hatchery oper-
ations; and 
(iii) the effectiveness of fishery man-
agement actions; 
(4) the mass marking program of the United 
States Fish and Wildlife Service in the Great 
Lakes— 
(A) was initiated in 2010 on a limited 
scale; 
(B) annually tags approximately 9,000,000 
to 11,000,000 of the hatchery-produced fish 
stocked in the Great Lakes; 
(C) is a basinwide cooperative effort 
among the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Indian Tribes, and State management 
agencies; and 
(D) produces data used by State and Trib-
al fish management agencies to make manage-
ment decisions regarding Great Lakes fisheries; 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Anti-CBDC Surveil-
lance State Act’’. 
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS RE-
LATING TO CERTAIN PRODUCTS OR SERV-
ICES FOR INDIVIDUALS AND PROHIBITION 
ON DIRECTLY ISSUING A CENTRAL BANK DIG-
ITAL CURRENCY. 
Section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 411 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph: 
‘‘(18)(A) A Federal reserve bank may not—
‘‘(i) offer financial products or services directly to an 
individual; 
‘‘(ii) maintain an account on behalf of an individual; 
or 
‘‘(iii) issue a central bank digital currency, or any 
digital asset that is substantially similar under any other 
name or label. 
‘‘(B) In this paragraph, the term ‘central bank digital 
currency’ has the meaning given that term under section 
10(11)(D).’’.
HR 1917 RFS
SEC. 4. GREAT LAKES MASS MARKING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—To assist in determining the effec-
tiveness of hatchery operations and fisheries management 
actions and to support Great Lakes fisheries, there is es-
tablished within the United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice a program for the mass marking of hatchery-produced 
fish in the Great Lakes basin, to be known as the ‘‘Great 
Lakes Mass Marking Program’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZED ACTIONS.—In carrying out the Pro-
gram, the Director may— 
(1) purchase capital and expendable equipment, 
fish tags, and other items necessary to support and 
carry out tagging and tag recovery operations, in-
cluding data processing and data dissemination re-
lating to those operations; and 
(2) hire additional personnel, as necessary. 
(c) REQUIRED COLLABORATION.—In carrying out 
the Program, the Director shall collaborate with applicable 
Federal, State, and Tribal fish management agencies, the 
Council of Lake Committees of the Great Lakes Fishery 
Commission, and signatories to the Joint Strategic Plan 
for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries. 
(d) AVAILABILITY
OF DATA.—The Director shall 
make the data collected under the Program available to 
applicable Federal, State, and Tribal fish management 
agencies— 
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HR 1917 RFS
(1) to increase the understanding of the out-
comes of management action; 
(2) to assist in meeting the restoration objec-
tives of the Great Lakes, including the fish commu-
nity objectives and fish management plans described 
in the Joint Strategic Plan for Management of 
Great Lakes Fisheries; 
(3) to assist in balancing predators and prey; 
(4) to support and improve the economic status 
of Tribal, recreational, and commercial fisheries; and 
(5) to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of 
habitat restoration efforts in the Great Lakes. 
SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
the Program $2,700,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
through 2030. 
Passed the House of Representatives July 22, 2025. 
Attest: 
KEVIN F. MCCUMBER, 
Clerk. 
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SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS INDI-
RECTLY ISSUING A CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL 
CURRENCY. 
Section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 411 
et seq.), as amended by section 2, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following paragraph: 
‘‘(19)(A) A Federal reserve bank may not offer a cen-
tral bank digital currency, or any digital asset that is sub-
stantially similar under any other name or label, indirectly 
to an individual through a financial institution or other 
intermediary. 
‘‘(B) In this paragraph, the term ‘central bank digital 
currency’ has the meaning given that term under section 
10(11)(D).’’. 
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION WITH RESPECT TO CENTRAL BANK 
DIGITAL CURRENCY. 
Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 241 
et seq.) is amended by inserting before paragraph (12) the 
following: 
‘‘(11) PROHIBITION
WITH
RESPECT
TO
CEN-
TRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Board of Gov-
ernors of the Federal Reserve System may not 
test, study, develop, create, or implement a cen-
tral bank digital currency, or any digital asset
(2) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means the 
Great Lakes Mass Marking Program established by 
section 4(a). 
SEC. 4. GREAT LAKES MASS MARKING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—To assist in determining the effec-
tiveness of hatchery operations and fisheries management 
actions and to support Great Lakes fisheries, there is estab-
lished within the United States Fish and Wildlife Service 
a program for the mass marking of hatchery-produced fish 
in the Great Lakes basin, to be known as the ‘‘Great Lakes 
Mass Marking Program’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZED ACTIONS.—In carrying out the Pro-
gram, the Director may— 
(1) purchase capital and expendable equipment, 
fish tags, and other items necessary to support and 
carry out tagging and tag recovery operations, in-
cluding data processing and data dissemination relat-
ing to those operations; and 
(2) hire additional personnel, as necessary. 
(c) REQUIRED COLLABORATION.—In carrying out the 
Program, the Director shall collaborate with applicable 
Federal, State, and Tribal fish management agencies, the 
Council of Lake Committees of the Great Lakes Fishery 
Commission, and signatories to the Joint Strategic Plan 
for Management of Great Lakes Fisheries. 
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(d) AVAILABILITY OF DATA.—The Director shall make 
the data collected under the Program available to applicable 
Federal, State, and Tribal fish management agencies— 
(1) to increase the understanding of the outcomes 
of management action; 
(2) to assist in meeting the restoration objectives 
of the Great Lakes, including the fish community ob-
jectives and fish management plans described in the 
Joint Strategic Plan for Management of Great Lakes 
Fisheries; 
(3) to assist in balancing predators and prey; 
(4) to support and improve the economic status 
of Tribal, recreational, and commercial fisheries; and 
(5) to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of 
habitat restoration efforts in the Great Lakes. 
SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
the Program $2,700,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 
through 2030. 
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Union Calendar No. 171 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 1917 
[Report No. 119–210] 
A BILL 
To establish the Great Lakes Mass Marking 
Program, and for other purposes. 
JULY 21, 2025 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Com-
mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, 
and ordered to be printed 
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