‘‘(V) research to identify new bio-
markers; 
‘‘(ii) research that advances funda-
mental knowledge and technology even if it 
does not provide immediate or near-term 
clinical or therapeutic benefits, including 
research and technology that advances the 
understanding of biochemistry, biology, 
protein science, immunology, genetics, vi-
rology, microbiology, or neurology; 
‘‘(iii) research related to diseases that 
disproportionally 
account 
for 
Federal 
health care spending, including spending 
under the Medicare program under title 
XVIII of the Social Security Act, the Med-
icaid program under title XIX of the Social 
Security Act, the State Children’s Health 
Insurance Program under title XXI of the 
Social Security Act, the TRICARE pro-
gram under chapter 55 of title 10, United 
States Code, and the hospital services and 
medical care provided through the Vet-
erans’ Administration under chapters 17 
and 18 of title 38, United States Code, 
and tax credits made available through the 
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amendments to the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 made by the Patient Protection 
and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111– 
148), such as research relating to— 
‘‘(I) diseases that disproportion-
ally impact older individuals; 
‘‘(II) degenerative diseases, and 
‘‘(III) chronic conditions; and 
‘‘(iv) early career scientists by— 
‘‘(I) awarding research project 
grants that support discrete, specified, 
circumscribed projects to be per-
formed by the investigator in an area 
representing the specific interests and 
competencies of such investigator, to 
investigators— 
‘‘(aa) who are within 10 
years of completing a terminal 
research degree; or 
‘‘(bb) who are within 10 
years of completing a medical 
residency; 
‘‘(II) awarding grants that sup-
port career development experiences 
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that lead to earlier research independ-
ence; and 
‘‘(III) awarding grants that sup-
port innovative training programs 
that, in addition to scientific training, 
provide additional training to enhance 
employment opportunities, including 
training in management and business, 
to— 
‘‘(aa) graduate students; 
‘‘(bb) post-doctoral fellows; 
‘‘(cc) individuals within 10 
years of completing a terminal 
research degree; or 
‘‘(dd) individuals within 10 
years of completing a medical 
residency. 
‘‘(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 
‘‘(A) SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN 
SERVICES.—Not later than 180 calendar days 
before the end of a fiscal year in which the Sec-
retary has assessed supplemental payments 
under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall submit 
a report to the Committee on Health, Edu-
cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and 
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the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
House of Representatives, which shall include a 
description of supplemental payments assessed, 
collected, and distributed under this subsection 
for such fiscal year, and a list of the covered 
manufacturers that were assessed supplemental 
payments and the amount of such assessments. 
‘‘(B) FDA AND NIH.—For each fiscal year 
in which amounts are distributed under para-
graph (3), the Food and Drug Administration 
and the National Institutes of Health shall re-
port on the use and impact of such amounts in 
the annual budget submission of such entity.’’. 
(b) EFFECT OF FAILURE TO REMIT PAYMENT.— 
Section 502 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
(21 U.S.C. 352) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(ee) If it is a drug that is a covered blockbuster drug 
(as defined in section 301(i)(1) of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act) for which any payment assessed under section 
301(i)(2) of such Act has not been paid in accordance with 
such section, until such payment is made.’’. 
Æ 
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