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(D) not later than 180 days after the date
of enactment of this Act and every 4 years there-
after, submit to Congress a report describing the
final cost and performance goals for the tech-
nologies that includes—
(i) a list of technical milestones; and
(ii) an explanation of how programs
authorized in this section will not duplicate
the activities authorized under the Clean
Coal Power Initiative authorized under title
IV.
(c) POWDER RIVER BASIN AND FORT UNION LIGNITE
COAL MERCURY REMOVAL.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the programs
authorized by subsection (a), the Secretary may estab-
lish a program to test and develop technologies to con-
trol and remove mercury emissions from subbitu-
minous coal mined in the Powder River Basin, and
Fort Union lignite coals, that are used for the genera-
tion of electricity.
(2) EFFICACY
OF
MERCURY
REMOVAL
TECH-
NOLOGY.—In carrying out the program under para-
graph (1), the Secretary shall examine the efficacy of
mercury removal technologies on coals described in
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that paragraph that are blended with other types of
coal.
(d) FUEL CELLS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a
program of research, development, demonstration, and
commercial application on fuel cells for low-cost,
high-efficiency, fuel-flexible, modular power systems.
(2) DEMONSTRATIONS.—The demonstrations re-
ferred to in paragraph (1) shall include solid oxide
fuel cell technology for commercial, residential, and
transportation applications, and distributed genera-
tion systems, using improved manufacturing produc-
tion and processes.
SEC. 957. CARBON CAPTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 10-
year carbon capture research and development program to
develop carbon dioxide capture technologies on combustion-
based systems for use—
(1) in new coal utilization facilities; and
(2) on the fleet of coal-based units in existence on
the date of enactment of this Act.
(b) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the program under
subsection (a) shall be—
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(1) to develop carbon dioxide capture tech-
nologies, including adsorption and absorption tech-
niques and chemical processes, to remove the carbon
dioxide from gas streams containing carbon dioxide
potentially amenable to sequestration;
(2) to develop technologies that would directly
produce concentrated streams of carbon dioxide poten-
tially amenable to sequestration;
(3) to increase the efficiency of the overall system
to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions re-
leased from the system per megawatt generated; and
(4) in accordance with the carbon dioxide cap-
ture program, to promote a robust carbon sequestra-
tion program and continue the work of the Depart-
ment, in conjunction with the private sector, through
regional carbon sequestration partnerships.
SEC. 958. COMPLEX WELL TECHNOLOGY TESTING FACILITY.
The Secretary, in coordination with industry leaders
in extended research drilling technology, shall establish a
Complex Well Technology Testing Facility at the Rocky
Mountain Oilfield Testing Center to increase the range of
extended drilling technologies.
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Subtitle F—Science
SEC. 961. SCIENCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out research, development,
demonstration, and commercial application activities of the
Office of Science, including activities authorized under this
subtitle (including the amounts authorized under the
amendment made by section 967(b) and including basic en-
ergy sciences, advanced scientific and computing research,
biological and environmental research, fusion energy
sciences, high energy physics, nuclear physics, research
analysis, and infrastructure support)—
(1) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(2) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(3) $5,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(b) ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized under
subsection (a), the following sums are authorized:
(1) For activities under the Fusion Energy
Sciences program (including activities under section
962)—
(A) $349,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(B) $362,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(C) $377,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(2) For activities under the catalysis research
program established under section 964—
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(A) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(B) $36,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(C) $38,200,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(3) For activities under the Genomes to Life Pro-
gram established under section 968—
(A) $170,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(B) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(C) $415,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(4) For construction and ancillary equipment for
user facilities under section 968(d) for the Genomes to
Life Program, of the amounts authorized under para-
graph (3)—
(A) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(C) $215,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(5) For activities under the Energy-Water Sup-
ply Technologies Program established under section
970, $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through
2008.
(c) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.—In addi-
tion to the funds authorized under subsection (b)(1), there
are authorized to be appropriated for construction costs as-
sociated with the Fusion Energy Sciences Program under
section 962—
(1) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
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(2) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(3) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
SEC. 962. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM.
(a) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy
of the United States to conduct research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial applications to provide for the
scientific, engineering, and commercial infrastructure nec-
essary to ensure that the United States is competitive with
other countries in providing fusion energy for its own needs
and the needs of other countries, including by dem-
onstrating electric power or hydrogen production for the
United States energy grid using fusion energy at the ear-
liest date.
(b) PLANNING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a plan (with proposed cost esti-
mates, budgets, and lists of potential international
partners) for the implementation of the policy de-
scribed in subsection (a) in a manner that ensures
that—
(A) existing fusion research facilities are
more fully used;
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(B) fusion science, technology, theory, ad-
vanced computation, modeling, and simulation
are strengthened;
(C) new magnetic and inertial fusion re-
search and development facilities are selected
based on scientific innovation and cost effective-
ness, and the potential of the facilities to ad-
vance the goal of practical fusion energy at the
earliest date practicable;
(D) facilities that are selected are funded at
a cost-effective rate;
(E) communication of scientific results and
methods between the fusion energy science com-
munity and the broader scientific and technology
communities is improved;
(F) inertial confinement fusion facilities are
used to the extent practicable for the purpose of
inertial fusion energy research and development;
(G) attractive alternative inertial and mag-
netic fusion energy approaches are more fully ex-
plored; and
(H) to the extent practicable, the rec-
ommendations of the Fusion Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee in the report on workforce
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planning, dated March 2004, are carried out, in-
cluding periodic reassessment of program needs.
(2) COSTS
AND
SCHEDULES.—The plan shall
also address the status of and, to the extent prac-
ticable, costs and schedules for—
(A) the design and implementation of inter-
national or national facilities for the testing of
fusion materials; and
(B) the design and implementation of inter-
national or national facilities for the testing and
development of key fusion technologies.
(c) UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN ITER.—
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:
(A) CONSTRUCTION.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘construc-
tion’’ means—
(I) the physical construction of
the ITER facility; and
(II) the physical construction,
purchase, or manufacture of equipment
or components that are specifically de-
signed for the ITER facility.
(ii) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘con-
struction’’ does not include the design of the
facility, equipment, or components.
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(B) ITER.—The term ‘‘ITER’’ means the
international burning plasma fusion research
project in which the President announced United
States participation on January 30, 2003, or
any similar international project.
(2) PARTICIPATION.—The United States may
participate in the ITER only in accordance with this
subsection.
(3) AGREEMENT.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may nego-
tiate an agreement for United States participa-
tion in the ITER.
(B) CONTENTS.—Any agreement for United
States participation in the ITER shall, at a
minimum—
(i) clearly define the United States fi-
nancial contribution to construction and
operating costs, as well as any other costs
associated with a project;
(ii) ensure that the share of high-tech-
nology components of the ITER manufac-
tured in the United States is at least pro-
portionate to the United States financial
contribution to the ITER;
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(iii) ensure that the United States will
not be financially responsible for cost over-
runs in components manufactured in other
ITER participating countries;
(iv) guarantee the United States full
access to all data generated by the ITER;
(v) enable United States researchers to
propose and carry out an equitable share of
the experiments at the ITER;
(vi) provide the United States with a
role in all collective decisionmaking related
to the ITER; and
(vii) describe the process for dis-
continuing or decommissioning the ITER
and any United States role in that process.
(4) PLAN.—
(A) DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advi-
sory Committee, shall develop a plan for the par-
ticipation of United States scientists in the
ITER that shall include—
(i) the United States research agenda
for the ITER;
(ii) methods to evaluate whether the
ITER is promoting progress toward making
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fusion a reliable and affordable source of
power; and
(iii) a description of how work at the
ITER will relate to other elements of the
United States fusion program.
(B) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall request a
review of the plan by the National Academy of
Sciences.
(5) LIMITATION.—No Federal funds shall be ex-
pended for the construction of the ITER until the Sec-
retary has submitted to Congress—
(A) the agreement negotiated in accordance
with paragraph (3) and 120 days have elapsed
since that submission;
(B) a report describing the management
structure of the ITER and providing a fixed dol-
lar estimate of the cost of United States partici-
pation in the construction of the ITER, and 120
days have elapsed since that submission;
(C) a report describing how United States
participation in the ITER will be funded with-
out reducing funding for other programs in the
Office of Science (including other fusion pro-
grams), and 60 days have elapsed since that sub-
mission; and
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(D) the plan required by paragraph (4)
(but not the National Academy of Sciences re-
view of that plan), and 60 days have elapsed
since that submission.
(6) ALTERNATIVE TO ITER.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—If at any time during
the negotiations on the ITER, the Secretary de-
termines that construction and operation of the
ITER is unlikely or infeasible, the Secretary
shall submit to Congress, along with the budget
request of the President submitted to Congress for
the following fiscal year, a plan for imple-
menting a domestic burning plasma experiment
such as the Fusion Ignition Research Experi-
ment, including costs and schedules for the plan.
(B) 
ADMINISTRATION.—The 
Secretary
shall—
(i) refine the plan in full consultation
with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory
Committee; and
(ii) transmit the plan to the National
Academy of Sciences for review.
SEC. 963. SUPPORT FOR SCIENCE AND ENERGY FACILITIES
AND INFRASTRUCTURE.
(a) FACILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY.—
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop
and implement a strategy for facilities and infra-
structure supported primarily from the Office of
Science, the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renew-
able Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, or the Office
of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Programs
at all National Laboratories and single-purpose re-
search facilities.
(2) STRATEGY.—The strategy shall provide cost-
effective means for—
(A) maintaining existing facilities and in-
frastructure;
(B) closing unneeded facilities;
(C) making facility modifications; and
(D) building new facilities.
(b) REPORT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall prepare
and submit, along with the budget request of the
President submitted to Congress for fiscal year 2007,
a report describing the strategy developed under sub-
section (a).
(2) CONTENTS.—For each National Laboratory
and single-purpose research facility that is primarily
used for science and energy research, the report shall
contain—
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(A) the current priority list of proposed fa-
cilities and infrastructure projects, including
cost and schedule requirements;
(B) a current 10-year plan that dem-
onstrates the reconfiguration of its facilities and
infrastructure to meet its missions and to ad-
dress its long-term operational costs and return
on investment;
(C) the total current budget for all facilities
and infrastructure funding; and
(D) the current status of each facility and
infrastructure project compared to the original
baseline cost, schedule, and scope.
SEC. 964. CATALYSIS RESEARCH PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Office of Science, shall support a program of research
and development in catalysis science consistent with the
statutory authorities of the Department related to research
and development.
(b) COMPONENTS.—The program shall include efforts
to—
(1) enable catalyst design using combinations of
experimental and mechanistic methodologies coupled
with computational modeling of catalytic reactions at
the molecular level;
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(2) develop techniques for high throughput syn-
thesis, assay, and characterization at nanometer and
subnanometer scales in situ under actual operating
conditions;
(3) synthesize catalysts with specific site archi-
tectures;
(4) conduct research on the use of precious met-
als for catalysis; and
(5) translate molecular understanding to the de-
sign of catalytic compounds.
(c) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In car-
rying out the program, the Director of the Office of Science
shall—
(1) support both individual investigators and
multidisciplinary teams of investigators to pioneer
new approaches in catalytic design;
(2) develop, plan, construct, acquire, share, or
operate special equipment or facilities for the use of
investigators in collaboration with national user fa-
cilities, such as nanoscience and engineering centers;
(3) support technology transfer activities to ben-
efit industry and other users of catalysis science and
engineering; and
(4) coordinate research and development activi-
ties with industry and other Federal agencies.
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(d) TRIENNIAL ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 3 years
after the date of enactment of this Act and every 3 years
thereafter, the National Academy of Sciences shall—
(1) review the catalysis program to measure—
(A) gains made in the fundamental science
of catalysis; and
(B) progress towards developing new fuels
for energy production and material fabrication
processes; and
(2) submit to Congress a report describing the re-
sults of the review.
SEC. 965. HYDROGEN.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of fundamental research and development in support
of programs authorized under title VIII.
(b) METHODS.—The program shall include support for
methods of generating hydrogen without the use of natural
gas.
SEC. 966. SOLID STATE LIGHTING.
The Secretary shall conduct a program of fundamental
research on advance solid state lighting in support of the
Next Generation Lighting Initiative carried out under sec-
tion 912.
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SEC. 967. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING FOR ENERGY
MISSIONS.
(a) PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct
an advanced scientific computing research and devel-
opment program that includes activities related to ap-
plied mathematics and activities authorized by the
Department of Energy High-End Computing Revital-
ization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5541 et seq.).
(2) GOAL.—The Secretary shall carry out the
program with the goal of supporting departmental
missions, and providing the high-performance com-
putational, networking, advanced visualization tech-
nologies, and workforce resources, that are required
for world leadership in science.
(b) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING.—Section 203 of
the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C.
5523) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘SEC. 203. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ACTIVITIES.
‘‘(a) GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES.—As part of the
Program described in title I, the Secretary of Energy
shall—
‘‘(1) conduct and support basic and applied re-
search in high-performance computing and net-
working to support fundamental research in science
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and engineering disciplines related to energy applica-
tions; and
‘‘(2) provide computing and networking infra-
structure support, including—
‘‘(A) the provision of high-performance com-
puting systems that are among the most ad-
vanced in the world in terms of performance in
solving scientific and engineering problems; and
‘‘(B) support for advanced software and ap-
plications development for science and engineer-
ing disciplines related to energy applications.
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of En-
ergy such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.’’.
SEC. 968. GENOMES TO LIFE PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall carry out
a program of research, development, demonstration, and
commercial application, to be known as the ‘‘Genomes to
Life Program’’, in microbial and plant systems biology,
protein science, and computational biology consistent with
the statutory authorities of the Department.
(b) PLANNING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall prepare a
program plan that describes how knowledge and capa-
bilities would be developed by the program and ap-
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plied to missions of the Department relating to energy
security, environmental cleanup, and national secu-
rity.
(2) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall pre-
pare the program plan in consultation with the heads
of other Federal agencies that carry out relevant tech-
nology programs.
(3) LONG-TERM GOALS.—In preparing the pro-
gram plan, the Secretary shall focus on applying
science and technology to achieve the long-term goals
of the program, including—
(A) contributing to the independence of the
United States from foreign energy sources, in-
cluding production of hydrogen;
(B) converting carbon dioxide to organic
carbon;
(C) advancing environmental cleanup;
(D) providing the science and technology for
new biotechnology industries; and
(E) improving national security and com-
bating bioterrorism.
(4) SHORT-TERM GOALS.—In preparing the pro-
gram plan, the Secretary shall—
(A) establish specific short-term goals; and