IV 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 139 
Calling on the United Kingdom, France, and Germany (E3) to initiate the 
snapback of sanctions on Iran under United Nations Security Council 
Resolution 2231 (2015). 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 14, 2025 
Ms. TENNEY (for herself, Mr. GOTTHEIMER, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. 
LAMALFA, and Mr. WILSON of South Carolina) submitted the following 
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Calling on the United Kingdom, France, and Germany (E3) 
to initiate the snapback of sanctions on Iran under 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015). 
Whereas, on July 15, 2015, the P5+1 (the United States, 
the United Kingdom, France, the People’s Republic of 
China, the Russian Federation, and Germany), the Euro-
pean Union, and the Islamic Republic of Iran finalized 
the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA); 
Whereas the JCPOA required the Government of Iran to im-
plement constraints on its uranium enrichment and heavy 
water nuclear reactor programs, as well as allow the 
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor 
compliance with the agreement; 
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Whereas, on July 20, 2015, the United Nations Security 
Council (UNSC) passed Resolution 2231 (UNSCR 
2231), which endorsed the JCPOA and provided for the 
termination of all previous UNSC resolutions targeting 
Iran’s nuclear program (1696, 1737, 1747, 1803 1835, 
and 1929), while maintaining United Nation’s arms re-
strictions on Iran for 5 years and United Nation’s prohi-
bitions on Iran’s missile and drone activity for 8 years; 
Whereas, pursuant to the JCPOA, Iran received significant 
sanctions relief from the previous sanctions imposed by 
the European Union, the United States, and previous 
UNSC resolutions; 
Whereas Iran used this sanctions relief to fund its terrorist 
proxies, regional aggression, and its expansion of its bal-
listic missile program; 
Whereas, on May 8, 2018, President Trump announced the 
United States was ceasing its participation in the JCPOA 
and reimposing sanctions against Iran that had been pre-
viously waived; 
Whereas President Trump’s successful maximum pressure 
campaign imposed significant financial costs on Iran’s re-
gime ‘‘to alter its course of malign activities and ensure 
that Iranian bad acts are no longer rewarded’’; 
Whereas, Iran has repeatedly violated the terms of the 
JCPOA and UNSCR 2231, including by— 
(1) lifting the cap on its stockpile of uranium; 
(2) increasing its enrichment activities to 60 percent 
purity, expanding its enrichment capabilities; 
(3) resuming its activity at prohibited nuclear facili-
ties; and 
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(4) preventing the International Atomic Energy 
Agency (IAEA) from being able to effectively monitor its 
nuclear activities; 
Whereas, Iran repeatedly violated UNSCR 2231’s restrictions 
on ballistic missile testing and development, as well as 
United Nations-imposed and internationally binding arms 
export and import embargoes; 
Whereas UNSCR 2231 includes a formal mechanism for a 
participant state of the JCPOA, if it believes there has 
been significant non-performance of commitments under 
the JCPOA by Iran, to trigger a process that would re-
quire the UNSC to ‘‘snapback’’ all United Nation sanc-
tions on Iran that has been lifted pursuant to UNSCR 
2231; 
Whereas, on September 14, 2024, in a joint statement, the 
United States and United Kingdom acknowledged pub-
licly that Iran’s nuclear program ‘‘has never been more 
advanced and posed a clear threat to regional and global 
peace and security’’; 
Whereas, in June and November of 2024, in efforts led by 
France, Germany, the United Kingdom (E3), and the 
United States, the IAEA’s Board of Governors voted to 
censure Iran for non-compliance with its obligations 
under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 
1, 1968 (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Nuclear Non-
proliferation Treaty’’ or ‘‘NPT’’); 
Whereas, on December 9, 2024, the E3 sent a letter to the 
United Nations Security Council stating, ‘‘We reiterate 
our determination to use all diplomatic tools to prevent 
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Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, including using 
snapback if necessary.’’; 
Whereas, on January 6, 2025, President of France Emman-
uel Macron said the acceleration of Iran’s nuclear pro-
gram was ‘‘bringing us very close to the breaking point’’ 
and said, ‘‘We will have to ask ourselves whether to use 
the mechanism for re-establishing sanctions. We are 
ready to do so if the question arises.’’; 
Whereas, on January 23, 2025, the Director General of the 
IAEA, Rafael Grossi, said that Iran has increased pro-
duction of 60 percent enriched uranium from 7 kilograms 
to over 30 kilograms per month, and currently possess 
about 200 kilograms, which if enriched to 90 percent 
would amount to at least 5 nuclear weapons; and 
Whereas, under UNSCR 2231, the resolution, including the 
‘‘snapback’’ mechanism, terminates 10 years after Adop-
tion Day for the JCPOA, which will be October 18, 2025: 
Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) recognizes that Iran’s possession of a nu-
clear weapon would threaten not only the security of 
the United States, but global security at large, in-
cluding United States allies and partners in Europe 
and the Middle East; 
(2) condemns the Government of Iran’s flagrant 
and repeated violations of commitments it made 
under the JCPOA and its international obligations 
under UNSCR 2231; 
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(3) condemns the Russian Federation and the 
People’s Republic of China, who remain participants 
in the JCPOA, for their role in supporting Iran’s 
malign activities; 
(4) reaffirms that the United States Govern-
ment maintains the right to take any necessary 
measures to prevent the Government of Iran from 
acquiring nuclear weapons; 
(5) supports the imposition and enforcement of 
robust sanctions on Iran for it nuclear and missile 
programs and on entities and individuals involved in 
these programs to deter further proliferation efforts; 
and 
(6) urges the E3 to invoke the ‘‘snapback’’ of 
United Nations sanctions against Iran under 
UNSCR 2231 as soon as possible before the option 
expires on October 18, 2025. 
Æ 
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