I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1337 
To direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to take 
certain actions related to pesticides that may affect pollinators, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 25, 2019 
Mr. BLUMENAUER
(for himself, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. DELAURO, Ms. 
GABBARD, Mr. HUFFMAN, Ms. KUSTER of New Hampshire, Ms. LEE of 
California, Mr. LEWIS, Mr. RYAN, Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Mr. DEFA-
ZIO, Ms. PINGREE, Mr. TONKO, Ms. CASTOR of Florida, Mr. TED LIEU 
of California, Ms. CLARK
of Massachusetts, Ms. HAALAND, Mr. 
KEATING, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, Ms. JACKSON LEE, Mr. COHEN, Ms. 
WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Ms. KAPTUR, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ, Ms. SCHA-
KOWSKY, Mr. CONNOLLY, Mr. RASKIN, Ms. OMAR, and Ms. MCCOLLUM) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ag-
riculture 
A BILL 
To direct the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency to take certain actions related to pesticides that 
may affect pollinators, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Saving America’s Polli-
nators Act of 2019’’. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Pollination services are a vital part of agri-
cultural 
production, 
valued 
at 
over 
$125,000,000,000 globally. According to a 2014 
Presidential memorandum, pollinators provide for an 
annual amount of $24,000,000,000 to the economy 
of the United States and honey bees account for 
$15,000,000,000 of such amount. Similarly, polli-
nation services of native pollinators, such as bumble-
bees, squash bees, and mason bees, contribute over 
$3,000,000,000 to the United States agricultural 
economy and are estimated to contribute between 
$937,000,000 and $2,400,000,000 to the economy 
of California alone. 
(2) One-third of food produced in North Amer-
ica—including nearly 100 varieties of fruits and 
vegetables such as almonds, avocados, cranberries, 
and apples—depends on pollination by bees. 
(3) Over the past several years, documented in-
cidents of colony collapse disorder and other forms 
of excess bee mortality have been at a record high, 
with some beekeepers repeatedly losing 100 percent 
of their operations. The national honey crop re-
ported in 2013 was the lowest in many decades. 
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(4) National surveys sponsored by the Federal 
Government indicates that United States beekeepers 
lost between 35 and 46 percent of their hives annu-
ally between 2012 and 2018. On average, two-thirds 
of beekeepers experienced loss rates greater than the 
established acceptable winter mortality rates. 
(5) According to scientists at the Department 
of Agriculture, current losses of honey bee colonies 
are too high to confidently ensure the United States 
will be able to meet the pollination demands for agri-
cultural crops. 
(6) Native pollinators, such as bumblebees, have 
also suffered alarming population declines. There are 
currently more than 40 pollinator species federally 
listed as threatened or endangered, and most re-
cently, the iconic monarch butterfly has declined by 
90 percent. 
(7) Scientists have linked the use of a certain 
class of systemic insecticides, known as neonicotin-
oids, to the rapid decline of pollinators and to the 
deterioration of pollinator health. 
(8) Neonicotinoids cause sublethal effects, in-
cluding impaired foraging and feeding behavior, dis-
orientation, weakened immunity, delayed larval de-
velopment, and increased susceptibility to viruses, 
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diseases, and parasites. Numerous reports also docu-
ment acute, lethal effects from the application of 
neonicotinoids. 
(9) Conclusions from a recent global review of 
the impacts of systemic pesticides, primarily neonico-
tinoids, warn that they are causing significant dam-
age to a wide range of beneficial invertebrate spe-
cies, are a key factor in the decline of bees, and pose 
a global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem serv-
ices. Another recent global review documented high 
levels of freshwater contamination. 
(10) Science has demonstrated that a single 
corn kernel coated with a neonicotinoid is toxic 
enough to kill a songbird. Peer-reviewed research 
from the Netherlands has shown that the most se-
vere bird population declines occurred in those areas 
where neonicotinoid pollution was highest. Starlings, 
tree sparrows, and swallows were among the most 
affected. 
(11) In June 2013, over 50,000 bumblebees 
were killed as a direct result of exposure to a neonic-
otinoid applied to linden trees for cosmetic purposes. 
(12) In February 2014, Eugene, Oregon, voted 
to ban the use of neonicotinoid pesticides on city 
property. Similar bans and restrictions have been 
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enacted in Thurston County, Spokane, and Seattle, 
Washington, Portland, Oregon, Skagway, Alaska, 
and several other communities across the United 
States. 
(13) In June 2014, a Presidential memo-
randum established a Pollinator Health Task Force 
after identifying pollinator decline as a threat to the 
sustainability of food production systems, the agri-
cultural economy, and the health of the environment 
in the United States. 
(14) In July 2014, the United States Fish and 
Wildlife Service announced plans to phase out 
neonicotinoid pesticides in all national wildlife ref-
uges across the United States by January 2016. The 
United States Fish and Wildlife Service recognized 
that the prophylactic use of neonicotinoids for agri-
cultural purposes harms a wide range of nontarget 
species and is therefore inconsistent with the man-
agement policy of the United States Fish and Wild-
life Service. 
(15) In October 2014, an assessment by the 
Environmental Protection Agency found that neonic-
otinoid seed coatings provide little benefit to overall 
soybean crop yield. Additional studies determined 
that in approximately 80 to 90 percent of row crop 
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uses, neonicotinoid coatings are unnecessary. The 
prophylactic overuse of neonicotinoids violates the 
fundamental principles of integrated pest manage-
ment. 
(16) In November 2014, the Province of On-
tario, Canada, announced the province will move to 
restrict the use of neonicotinoid-coated corn and soy-
bean seeds because of the broad harms from their 
overuse, with a goal of 80 percent reduction by 
2017. 
(17) In September 2015, the Circuit Court of 
the United States for the Ninth Circuit ruled to re-
voke the Environmental Protection Agency’s ap-
proval for sulfoxaflor—a neonicotinoid pesticide. 
(18) In November 2016, Health Canada, the 
department of the Government of Canada respon-
sible for national public health, proposed a ban on 
almost all outdoor uses of the neonicotinoid 
imidacloprid, saying it is seeping into Canadian wa-
terways at levels that can harm insects and the eco-
system. 
(19) The President’s budget for fiscal year 
2018 cuts funding for pesticide review programs of 
the Environmental Protection Agency by 20 percent 
delaying reviews of new, potentially safer pesticides 
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as well as reviews of older, more dangerous pes-
ticides such as neonicotinoids. 
(20) In 2018, the European Union permanently 
banned 
outdoor 
uses 
of 
the 
neonicotinoids 
imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam after 
the European Food Safety Authority confirmed their 
risks to honey bees and wild bees. 
(21) In August 2018, Health Canada, proposed 
a ban on almost all outdoor uses of clothianidin and 
thiamethoxam similar to the proposed ban on 
imidacloprid, citing concerns that the chemicals are 
seeping into Canadian waterways at levels that can 
harm insects and the ecosystem. 
(22) Worldwide, insects are experiencing popu-
lation declines twice as high as those of vertebrate 
species, with a rate of local species extinction eight 
times higher than that of vertebrate species. About 
one-third of all insect species are threatened with ex-
tinction, with 1 percent added every year. Such de-
clines result in an annual 2.5 percent loss in bio-
mass, which threatens the overall functioning and 
stability of ecosystems worldwide. 
(23) Insect biodiversity is essential to the prop-
er functioning of ecosystems, and declines are dis-
rupting pollination, natural pest control, food re-
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sources, nutrient recycling, and decomposition serv-
ices provided by insects. 
(24) Major declines in insect populations can be 
traced to the expansion of intensive, industrial agri-
culture, including the systematic and widespread use 
of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and chemical 
fertilizers. 
(25) Because insects constitute the world’s 
most abundant and speciose animal group and pro-
vide critical services within ecosystems, such event 
cannot be ignored and should prompt decisive action 
to avert a catastrophic collapse of nature’s eco-
systems. 
SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF A POLLINATOR PROTECTION 
BOARD. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency shall establish a Pollinator 
Protection Board in accordance with the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. 2 et seq.) (hereafter re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Board’’) to assist in the 
development of an independent review process for pes-
ticides that pose a threat to pollinators and pollinator 
habitat, and advise the Administrator on any other aspects 
of the implementation of this title. 
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(b) COMPOSITION OF THE BOARD.—The Board shall 
be composed of 15 members without conflicts of interests 
(as defined in subsection (g) of this Act) of which— 
(1) 4 shall be scientists with expertise in polli-
nators, toxicology, and ecosystems, of which at least 
1 shall have expertise in native bees; 
(2) 3 shall be beekeepers— 
(A) 1 shall be a commercial beekeeper; 
(B) 1 shall be a chemical-free beekeeper; 
and 
(C) 1 shall be a hobby beekeeper; 
(3) 2 shall be certified organic farmers; 
(4) 2 shall be non-organic farmers; 
(5) 3 shall be representatives of environment, 
conservation, or resource organizations; and 
(6) 1 shall be a representative of a commercial 
enterprise that protect bees. 
(c) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall appoint members of the Board under subsection (b) 
from nominations received from States, State beekeeping 
organizations, and other interested persons and organiza-
tions. 
(d) TERM.—A member of the Board shall serve for 
a term of 5 years except that with respect to initial ap-
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pointments of the Board, 7 members shall serve for a 4- 
year term. A member may not serve consecutive terms un-
less such member served an original term that was less 
than 5 years. 
(e) MEETINGS.—The Administrator shall convene a 
first meeting of the Board not later than 60 days after 
the appointment of the members under subsection (c) and 
shall convene subsequent meetings at least once a year 
thereafter. 
(f) COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES.—A member of 
the Board— 
(1) shall serve without compensation; and 
(2) may be allowed travel or transportation ex-
penses under section 5703 of title 5, United States 
Code. 
(g) CONFLICT OF INTEREST.—Except for the rep-
resentative mentioned in section 3(b)(6), no member of the 
Board or any technical advisory panel of such Board may 
have a conflict of interest with a registrant as defined in 
the 7 U.S.C. section 136(y) or a trade association or orga-
nization that represents the interests of one or more reg-
istrants. 
(h) CHAIRPERSON.—The Board shall select a Chair-
person for the Board. 
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(i) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of the 
Board shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of con-
ducting business. 
(j) DECISIVE VOTES.—Two-thirds of the votes cast 
at a meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present 
shall be decisive of any motion. 
(k) OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—The Adminis-
trator shall authorize the Board to hire a staff director 
and shall detail staff of the Environmental Protection 
Agency or allow for the hiring of staff and may, subject 
to necessary appropriations, pay necessary expenses in-
curred by the Board in carrying out the provisions of this 
Act, as determined appropriate by the Administrator. 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Board shall evaluate 
pesticides registered and under application for reg-
istration for application to plants or plant seeds by 
the Environmental Protection Agency under sections 
3 and 4 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and 
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) for their toxicity to 
pollinators and pollinator habitat, using the fol-
lowing evaluation procedures: 
(A) EVALUATION PROCEDURES.—In evalu-
ating pesticides for their toxicity to pollinators 
and pollinator habit, the Board shall consider 
the following: 
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(i) Available information from the En-
vironmental Protection Agency, United 
States Department of Agriculture, Na-
tional Institute of Environmental Health 
Studies and such other sources as appro-
priate, concerning the potential for adverse 
effects of a pesticide on pollinator popu-
lations or pollinator habitat. 
(ii) Peer-reviewed scientific literature 
relating to the impact of a registered pes-
ticide on individual pollinators, pollinator 
populations, overall insect biomass and bio-
diversity, and pollinator habitat, includ-
ing— 
(I) chronic and acute toxicity of 
a registered pesticide on individual 
pollinators, pollinator populations, and 
pollinator habitat; 
(II) ecosystem-wide impacts of a 
pesticide, including but not limited to 
secondary non-target impacts and im-
pacts to the trophic food web; and 
(III) synergistic effects of a pes-
ticide on individual pollinators, polli-
nator populations, overall insect bio-
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mass and biodiversity, and pollinator 
habitat. 
(iii) Field studies examining the im-
pact of a pesticide on honey bees and na-
tive bees, including bumblebees and soli-
tary bees. 
(iv) Alternative products and practices 
that may be adopted in place of the pes-
ticide under evaluation. 
(B) TECHNICAL ADVISORY PANELS.—The 
Board shall convene technical advisory panels, 
without conflicts of interest, to provide scientific 
evaluation of pesticides under paragraph (1). 
Such panels may include experts in agronomy, 
entomology, 
conservation 
ecology, 
health 
sciences, toxicology, and other relevant dis-
ciplines. 
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—After conducting eval-
uation procedures, the Board shall hold a deci-
sive vote regarding whether to affirm the reg-
istration of an evaluated pesticide under section 
3 or 4 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, 
and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a). The Ad-
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ministrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency shall adopt this recommendation. 
(B) NO VOTE.—If an evaluated pesticide’s 
registration is not affirmed by a decisive vote of 
the Board, the Administrator shall within 30 
days issue a notice of intent to cancel the reg-
istration of a pesticide pursuant to section 6 of 
the 
Federal 
Insecticide, 
Fungicide, 
and 
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136d). 
(C) CANCELLATION.—Pesticides subject to 
cancellation procedures as a result of the 
Board’s recommendation are prohibited from 
continued sale and use of existing stocks under 
section 6(a)(1) of the Federal Insecticide, Fun-
gicide, 
and 
Rodenticide 
Act 
(7 
U.S.C. 
136d(a)(1)). 
(D) DENIAL OF REGISTRATION.—If a pes-
ticide not yet registered pursuant to under sec-
tion 3 or 4 of the Federal Insecticide, Fun-
gicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) is 
not affirmed registration by a decisive vote, the 
Administrator shall deny registration under 
such sections. 
(3) PRIORITIZING REVIEWS.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall estab-
lish procedures to evaluate registered pesticides 
for their harm to pollinators and pollinator 
habitat, prioritizing those identified by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency as posing acute 
risks to honey bees or native bees. 
(B) PRIORITY.—The Board shall review 
pesticides prior to registration under sections 3 
and 4 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and 
Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136a) if preliminary 
data indicates acute or chronic risks to honey 
bees or other pollinators. Such pesticides shall 
be prioritized by the Board. 
(4) REPORT.—Pesticides not affirmed for reg-
istration by a decisive vote of the Board shall be 
transmitted to the Administrator in a formal report. 
Such a report shall outline in detail the Board’s rea-
soning for its recommendation. 
(l) NO ADDITIONS.—The Administrator may not in-
clude exemptions for the use of specific substances or spe-
cific uses of substances proposed for cancellation by the 
Board. 
(m) NOTICE
AND COMMENT.—Before issuing the 
cancellation, the Administrator shall seek public comment 
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on such proposals, and may adopt standards that are only 
more restrictive than the Board’s recommendation. 
SEC. 4. URGENT REGULATORY RESPONSE FOR HONEY BEE 
AND POLLINATOR PROTECTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency shall cancel the reg-
istrations of any pesticides containing imidacloprid, 
clothianidin, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, 
sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, or fipronil to the extent such 
pesticide is registered, conditionally or otherwise, under 
the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
(7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.) for application to plants or plant 
seeds until the Pollinator Protection Board (as established 
under section 3) has made a determination that such in-
secticide will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on 
pollinators based on— 
(1) an evaluation of the published and peer-re-
viewed scientific evidence on whether the use or uses 
of such neonicotinoids cause unreasonable adverse 
effects on pollinators, including native bees, honey 
bees, birds, bats, and other species of beneficial in-
sects; and 
(2) a completed field study that meets the cri-
teria determined by the Pollinator Protection Board 
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and evaluates residues, including residue buildup 
after repeated annual application, chronic low-dose 
exposure, cumulative effects of multiple chemical ex-
posures, and any other protocol determined to be 
necessary by the Pollinator Protection Board to pro-
tect managed and native pollinators. 
(b) CONDITIONS
ON CERTAIN PESTICIDES REG-
ISTRATIONS.—Notwithstanding section 3 of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 
136a), for purposes of the protection of honey bees, other 
pollinators, and beneficial insects, the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency shall not issue any 
new registrations, conditional or otherwise, for any seed 
treatment, soil application, and foliar treatment on bee- 
attractive plants, trees, and cereals under such Act until 
the Pollinator Protection Board (as established under sec-
tion 3) has made the determination described in section 
3(a), based on an evaluation described in subsection (a)(1) 
and a completed field study described in subsection (a)(2), 
with respect to such insecticide. 
(c) MONITORING OF NATIVE BEES.—The Secretary 
of the Interior, in coordination with the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency and the Secretary 
of Agriculture, shall, for purposes of protecting and ensur-
ing the long-term viability of native bees and other polli-
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nators of agricultural crops, horticultural plants, wild 
plants, and other plants— 
(1) consult with members of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service’s 
Pollinating Insects Research Units, the Pollinator 
Protection Board, taxonomists who survey and iden-
tify native bees, and other pollinator scientists on 
the best methods and data collection; 
(2) annually monitor the health and population 
status of native bees, including the status of native 
bees in agricultural and nonagricultural habitats in-
cluding rural, urban, and suburban areas within 
each of the twelve unified regions as defined by the 
U.S. Department of the Interior, noted on U.S. Geo-
logical Survey map dated July 20, 2018; 
(3) identify the scope and likely causes of un-
usual native bee mortality; and 
(4) beginning not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and each year 
thereafter, submit to Congress, and make available 
to the public, a report on such health and population 
status. 
(d) EXEMPTIONS.—Section 18 of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136p) 
shall not apply to this Act, except— 
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(1) in an emergency situation to avert signifi-
cant risk to threatened or engendered species as de-
scribed in clauses (i) and (ii) of section 166.2(a)(2) 
of title 40 Code of Federal Regulations; 
(2) to quarantine invasive species as described 
in section 166.2(b) of title 40, Code of Federal Reg-
ulations; or 
(3) to protect public health as described in sec-
tion 166.2(c) of title 40, Code of Federal Regula-
tions. 
SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 
as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
Act. 
Æ 
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