I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5123 
To authorize a national program to reduce the threat to human health 
posed by exposure to indoor air contaminants, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 3, 2025 
Mr. TONKO (for himself and Mr. FITZPATRICK) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To authorize a national program to reduce the threat to 
human health posed by exposure to indoor air contami-
nants, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Indoor Air Quality and 
Healthy Schools Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
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(2) COVERED CHILDCARE FACILITY.—The term 
‘‘covered childcare facility’’ means a facility used by 
an early childhood education program. 
(3) 
EARLY
CHILDHOOD
EDUCATION
PRO-
GRAM.—The term ‘‘early childhood education pro-
gram’’ has the meaning given to that term in section 
103 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1003). 
(4) INDOOR.—The term ‘‘indoor’’ means the 
enclosed portions of buildings, including nonindus-
trial workplaces, public buildings, Federal buildings, 
schools, childcare facilities, commercial buildings, 
and residences. 
(5) INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT.—The term ‘‘in-
door air contaminant’’ means any solid, liquid, semi-
solid, dissolved solid, biogenic agent, aerosol, or gas-
eous material, including combinations or mixtures of 
substances, in indoor air which may reasonably be 
anticipated to have an adverse effect on human 
health. 
(6) INDOOR CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN.—The 
term ‘‘indoor contaminant of concern’’ means an in-
door air contaminant that— 
(A) is among the most commonly occurring 
and poses a risk to human health; or 
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(B) is less commonly occurring and poses 
a significant risk to human health. 
(7) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 
‘‘local educational agency’’ means— 
(A) a local educational agency (as defined 
in section 8101 of the Elementary and Sec-
ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
7801)); or 
(B) a Tribal education agency (as the term 
‘‘tribal education agency’’ is defined in section 
3 of the National Environmental Education Act 
(20 U.S.C. 5502)). 
(8) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ includes each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, Puerto 
Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, 
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Is-
lands. 
SEC. 3. INDOOR AIR QUALITY PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall carry out 
a program to support the assessment, reduction, and 
avoidance of exposure to indoor air contaminants to re-
duce risks to human health. 
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Administrator shall support the 
assessment, reduction, and avoidance of exposure to in-
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door air contaminants to reduce risks to human health, 
including by— 
(1) carrying out research, development, and 
demonstration activities pursuant to the Radon Gas 
and Indoor Air Quality Research Act of 1986 (42 
U.S.C. 7401 note); 
(2) listing indoor contaminants of concern, and 
publishing guidelines for such indoor contaminants 
of concern, under section 4; 
(3) providing training, education, outreach, and 
technical assistance to identify, eliminate, or reduce 
indoor air contaminants, including by effective moni-
toring, source control, ventilation, and filtration 
practices; 
(4) providing training, education, outreach, and 
technical assistance to support the monitoring of hu-
midity levels and the inspection, testing, prevention, 
and remediation of mold; 
(5) carrying out or recognizing voluntary cer-
tifications to identify and promote buildings that are 
most effective at preventing or minimizing risks to 
health from indoor air contaminants under section 7; 
(6) supporting efforts to improve indoor air 
quality in buildings used by local educational agen-
cies and covered childcare facilities under section 9; 
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(7) ensuring effective consultation and coordi-
nation among Federal agencies in carrying out pro-
grams related to indoor air quality, including the 
Department of Labor, the Department of Energy, 
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and 
Health, the Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment, the Department of Health and Human 
Services, the Department of Education, the Depart-
ment of Defense, the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency, the Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, and other appropriate agencies carrying out 
programs related to indoor air quality; 
(8) supporting State, local, and Tribal govern-
ments, local educational agencies, housing authori-
ties, and other entities to develop and implement in-
door air quality management strategies, educational 
campaigns, assessments, guidelines, standards, and 
response programs; 
(9) providing information, guidance, and assist-
ance to the public, including building owners and oc-
cupants, on— 
(A) health-related risks of exposure to in-
door air contaminants; and 
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(B) effective measures and programs for 
reducing or avoiding exposure to indoor air con-
taminants; 
(10) supporting development and adoption of 
standardized methods, techniques, minimum product 
requirements, and protocols for assessing, meas-
uring, and sampling indoor air to determine the 
presence and concentrations of indoor air contami-
nants; 
(11) supporting development and adoption of 
control technologies, building design criteria, and 
management practices to prevent the entrance of 
contaminants into buildings and to reduce or miti-
gate emissions from indoor sources; 
(12) assessing the effectiveness of methods, 
techniques, protocols, response plans, products, and 
technologies to reduce or avoid exposure to indoor 
air contaminants; 
(13) supporting the development and adoption 
of model provisions, to be incorporated into building 
codes for various types of buildings, designed to im-
prove indoor air quality while taking into account 
comfort, safety, and energy conservation goals; 
(14) supporting development and adoption of 
control technologies, building design criteria, and 
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management practices to improve indoor air quality 
and building resilience against the impacts of more 
frequent extreme weather events and other con-
sequences of climate change; and 
(15) ensuring consideration of disadvantaged 
communities and individuals in carrying out such 
program, including by providing access to financial 
assistance, technical assistance, and other offerings 
developed pursuant to this Act for all people regard-
less of income, race, color, gender, national origin, 
Tribal affiliation, or disability. 
SEC. 4. GUIDELINES FOR INDOOR CONTAMINANTS OF CON-
CERN. 
(a) LIST.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish and maintain a list of indoor contaminants of 
concern. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The list under paragraph (1) 
may— 
(A) include combinations or mixtures of 
contaminants; and 
(B) refer to such combinations or mixtures 
by a common name. 
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(3) INITIAL LIST.—Not later than 5 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall establish the initial list under paragraph (1). 
(b) MINIMUM CONTAMINANTS ON INITIAL LIST.—At 
a minimum, the initial list established under subsection 
(a) shall include— 
(1) particulate matter; 
(2) carbon monoxide; 
(3) nitrogen dioxide; 
(4) ozone; 
(5) formaldehyde; and 
(6) radon. 
(c) INDOOR AIR QUALITY GUIDELINES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
publish science-based, voluntary guidelines for each 
indoor contaminant of concern listed under sub-
section (a). 
(2) GUIDELINE
COMPONENTS.—A guideline 
published under this subsection shall— 
(A) include information and a range of rec-
ommendations for operation and maintenance 
of existing buildings, the design and construc-
tion of new buildings, building renovation, and 
such other activities as are necessary to iden-
tify, and reduce or prevent exposure to, the in-
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door contaminant of concern listed under sub-
section (a); 
(B) be designed to achieve significant risk 
reduction; 
(C) be technologically achievable and read-
ily implementable; 
(D) take into consideration safety, energy, 
and other relevant factors; 
(E) include an assessment of effectiveness 
and cost; and 
(F) be based on available research and ex-
pertise. 
(3) CONCENTRATION LIMITS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Each guideline pub-
lished under this subsection shall, upon the Ad-
ministrator making a determination that suffi-
cient scientific evidence exists, include a rec-
ommended health-based limit on concentration 
levels of indoor contaminants of concern. 
(B) BEST
AVAILABLE
SCIENCE; LOWEST 
LEVEL OF EXPOSURE.—A limit under subpara-
graph (A)— 
(i) shall be based on the best available 
science; and 
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(ii) may include a range that in-
cludes— 
(I) a concentration level at which 
a healthy adult should take action to 
reduce exposure; and 
(II) a concentration level at 
which there is evidence of adverse 
human health effects in susceptible 
subpopulations, such as infants, chil-
dren, pregnant women, workers, and 
the elderly. 
(C) INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.—If the Ad-
ministrator determines insufficient evidence ex-
ists to set a health-based concentration limit for 
an indoor contaminant of concern listed under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall publish 
a report not later than 1 year after making 
such determination, which shall identify— 
(i) studies and other activities to be 
taken to develop the evidence necessary to 
set a health-based concentration limit; and 
(ii) resources necessary to carry out 
activities under clause (i). 
(D) INTERIM GUIDELINES.—While the Ad-
ministrator develops sufficient scientific evi-
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dence to set a recommended health-based con-
centration limit for an indoor contaminant of 
concern under subparagraph (A), the Adminis-
trator shall publish interim guidelines, which 
shall include best practices to reduce exposure 
to such indoor contaminant of concern. 
(d) REVIEW AND REVISION.—Not less than every five 
years, the Administrator shall review and, as necessary, 
revise— 
(1) the list of indoor contaminants of concern 
under subsection (a); and 
(2) the guidelines published under subsection 
(c). 
(e) CONSULTATION.—In developing, reviewing, and 
revising the guidelines published under subsection (c), the 
Administrator shall consult with representatives from non- 
profit, professional, private sector, governmental, and 
labor organizations, and individuals, having demonstrated 
expertise in indoor air quality, public health, building sys-
tems, industrial hygiene, environmental engineering, toxi-
cology, and environmental health and safety. 
(f) CONSISTENCY WITH INDOOR AIR REGULATIONS 
OF OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 
(1) LABOR.— 
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(A) CONSISTENCY WITH CERTAIN REGULA-
TIONS.—The Administrator shall, after con-
sultation with the Secretary of Labor, ensure 
that the guidelines published under subsection 
(c) are consistent with any Federal workplace 
regulations addressing indoor air quality risks. 
(B) ADDITIONAL VOLUNTARY ACTIONS.— 
Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the guide-
lines published under subsection (c) may rec-
ommend additional voluntary actions to protect 
persons other than workers covered by such 
guidelines from indoor contaminants of concern 
listed under subsection (a). 
(2) ENERGY.—The Administrator shall, after 
consultation with the Secretary of Energy, ensure 
that the guidelines published under subsection (c) 
are consistent with applicable energy conservation 
and efficiency statutes and regulations administered 
by the Secretary. 
SEC. 5. INDOOR AIR QUALITY INDEX. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall seek to 
enter, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, into an agreement with the National Academy 
of Sciences under which the Academy agrees to conduct 
a study to assess the feasibility of developing a science- 
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based indoor air quality index aimed at informing action 
for the protection of public health. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after entering 
into an agreement with the Administrator under sub-
section (a), the Academy shall submit to the Congress and 
the Administrator a report, which shall— 
(1) make recommendations to support the de-
velopment of an indoor air quality index while ensur-
ing that such proposed index— 
(A) communicates to the public in clear 
and simple terms the level of concern and de-
scription of indoor air quality; 
(B) considers health risks for certain sen-
sitive groups of people; 
(C) addresses the feasibility of assessing 
indoor air quality through low-cost, real-time 
sensors and monitoring equipment; and 
(D) allows for updates to account for de-
velopments in science and harmonization with 
indoor air quality guidelines developed under 
section 4; 
(2) proposes methodologies, inputs, measure-
ments, techniques, and equations to calculate a 
science-based assessment of indoor air quality; and 
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(3) identifies limitations and challenges to the 
development of an indoor air quality index. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended, to carry out this section. 
SEC. 6. INDOOR AIR QUALITY ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may provide 
technical assistance and financial assistance, which may 
include grants, to State, local, and Tribal governments, 
local educational agencies, housing authorities, nonprofit 
organizations, labor organizations, and other persons to 
develop and implement programs to assess and improve 
indoor air quality. 
(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Financial assistance awarded 
under this section shall be used to support one or more 
of the following: 
(1) The development and implementation of 
educational programs, training and technical assist-
ance programs, assessment and monitoring pro-
grams, benchmarking programs, response programs, 
and other activities designed to reduce human expo-
sure to indoor air contaminants. 
(2) Mitigation of health risks from indoor air 
contaminants due to more frequent extreme weather 
events and other consequences of climate change. 
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(3) Adoption or adaptation by State, local, and 
Tribal governments of indoor air quality guidelines 
published pursuant to section 4, or development and 
adoption of indoor air quality standards based on 
such guidelines, including development of assessment 
and compliance programs needed to implement such 
standards. 
(c) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The Federal share 
of the cost of the activities for which financial assistance 
is awarded under this section shall not exceed 75 percent 
of the total cost of such activities. 
SEC. 7. HEALTHY BUILDING CERTIFICATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall provide 
for one or more types of voluntary certifications of build-
ings that are built, operated, and maintained to prevent 
or minimize risks to health from indoor air contaminants 
in an exemplary manner. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—For a building to be certified 
under this section, the owner or operator of the building— 
(1) shall adhere to applicable guidelines pub-
lished by the Administrator pursuant to section 4; 
and 
(2) shall develop and maintain an indoor air 
quality management plan in accordance with best 
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practices developed or approved by the Adminis-
trator. 
(c) CONSIDERATION.—A certification process under 
subsection (a) may recognize actions taken by the owners 
and operators of existing buildings to improve indoor air 
quality using the most effective source control, air filtra-
tion, ventilation, and other best practices, techniques, and 
products. 
(d) OPTION FOR THIRD-PARTY ADMINISTRATION.— 
The Administrator may— 
(1) carry out a certification process under sub-
section (a) directly; or 
(2) recognize one or more certification processes 
under subsection (a) that are developed and admin-
istered through a third party. 
SEC. 8. MODEL PROVISIONS FOR BUILDING DESIGN, OPER-
ATION, AND MAINTENANCE. 
(a) MODEL PROVISIONS FOR AUTHORITIES HAVING 
JURISDICTION.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall recommend 
one or more model provisions for building design, oper-
ation, and maintenance for use by States and local juris-
dictions in establishing and implementing building codes. 
(b) COMPONENTS
OF MODEL PROVISIONS.—The 
model provisions recommended under this section shall— 
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(1) establish minimum requirements that ad-
dress ventilation, filtration, air cleaning, and design, 
operation, and maintenance of relevant building sys-
tems (including equipment, filtration, and controls); 
and 
(2) address acceptable indoor air quality and 
may include control of infectious aerosols and indoor 
contaminants of concern. 
(c) CONSIDERATION OF MODEL PROVISIONS.—In ac-
cordance with section 12(d) of the National Technology 
Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note), the Administrator shall consider technical standards 
that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus 
standards bodies in the development of recommendations 
under this section. 
(d) CONSULTATION.—In recommending model provi-
sions under this section, the Administrator shall consult 
with organizations, including non-profit, professional, pri-
vate sector, governmental, and labor organizations, having 
demonstrated expertise in building systems and indoor air 
quality, public health, indoor chemistry, building codes 
and standards, and above-code building programs. 
(e) NO CONFLICT WITH MODEL ENERGY CODE OR 
STANDARD.—The Administrator shall consult with the 
Secretary of Energy to ensure that model provisions rec-
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ommended under this section do not conflict with a model 
energy code or standard for which the Secretary has made 
an affirmative determination under section 304 of the En-
ergy Conservation and Production Act, provided that such 
recommended model provisions may be additive and more 
stringent than related provisions of the model energy code 
or standard. 
(f) REVIEW
AND
REVISION.—The Administrator 
shall, not less than once every three years, review and re-
vise (as necessary), in accordance with this section, the 
recommendations for model provisions developed under 
this section. 
(g) COST AND BENEFIT.—Not less than 12 months 
following a recommendation for model provisions under 
this section, the Administrator shall determine the incre-
mental costs and the 30-year health benefits associated 
with compliance with the model provisions for new single- 
family homes, multifamily dwelling units, and a represent-
ative set of commercial building prototypes. 
SEC. 9. HEALTHY SCHOOLS. 
(a) ASSESSMENT
OF
SCHOOLS
AND
COVERED 
CHILDCARE FACILITIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall con-
duct a national assessment of indoor air quality in 
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buildings used by local educational agencies and cov-
ered childcare facilities. 
(2) ASSESSMENT CONTENTS.—The national as-
sessment under this section, including updates there-
to— 
(A) shall include data and metrics, as de-
termined appropriate by the Administrator, to 
track progress in, and challenges to, improving 
the indoor air quality in buildings used by local 
educational agencies and covered child care fa-
cilities; 
(B) shall assess whether buildings used by 
local educational agencies and covered childcare 
facilities achieve acceptable indoor air quality 
by meeting minimum ventilation rate require-
ments and other factors as set forth by widely 
recognized best practices and standards, as de-
termined appropriate by the Administrator, 
such as ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2022, 
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality; 
and 
(C) may be conducted through a survey, an 
onsite representative sampling of buildings (ac-
counting for geography and building size, type, 
and age), or other methods or combination of 
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methods determined appropriate by the Admin-
istrator to accurately assess the condition of 
buildings used by local educational agencies and 
covered childcare facilities throughout the 
United States. 
(3) ADVISORY GROUP.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator 
shall establish an advisory group to provide 
guidance and direction in the development of 
the initial national assessment under this sub-
section. 
(B) MEMBERS.—The advisory group under 
subparagraph (A) shall include representatives 
of— 
(i) school administrators, teachers, 
maintenance staff, and other people work-
ing in buildings described in paragraph 
(1), labor organizations, childcare pro-
viders, and parents and caregivers; and 
(ii) other interested parties, including 
scientific and technical experts familiar 
with indoor air contaminant exposures, ef-
fects, and controls. 
(4) INITIAL ASSESSMENT; UPDATES.— 
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(A) INITIAL ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 
3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall conduct the initial na-
tional assessment under paragraph (1). 
(B) UPDATES.—Not less than five years 
following the completion of the initial national 
assessment under subparagraph (A), and each 
five years thereafter, the Administrator shall 
carry out an update of the previous national as-
sessment under this subsection, accounting 
for— 
(i) the number of schools certified 
pursuant to subsection (c); and 
(ii) changes in the guidelines, best 
practices, and other support published by 
the Administrator to improve indoor air 
quality. 
(5) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—Upon completing 
each national assessment under this subsection, the 
Administrator shall— 
(A) submit to the Congress a report on the 
results of such assessment; and 
(B) include in each such report such rec-
ommendations as the Administrator determines 
to be appropriate for activities or programs to 
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reduce and avoid indoor air contaminants in 
buildings used by local educational agencies and 
covered childcare facilities. 
(b) TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE
AND
OTHER
SUP-
PORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall de-
velop and promote guidance, best practices, technical 
assistance, training, outreach, and other support to 
improve indoor air quality in buildings used by a 
local educational agency or a covered childcare facil-
ity. 
(2) 
CONSIDERATIONS.—The 
Administrator 
shall tailor guidance, best practices, technical assist-
ance, training, outreach, and other support under 
paragraph (1) to the needs of— 
(A) students; 
(B) parents and caregivers; 
(C) educators; 
(D) childcare providers; 
(E) maintenance staff and other employees 
responsible for operating and maintaining build-
ings referred to in paragraph (1); 
(F) Indian Tribes; and 
(G) low-income and disadvantaged commu-
nities. 
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(c) HEALTHY SCHOOL CERTIFICATION.—The Ad-
ministrator shall ensure that at least one type of certifi-
cation carried out or recognized pursuant to section 7 is 
applicable to buildings used by local educational agencies 
and covered childcare facilities. 
(d) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Adminis-
trator shall coordinate with the Secretary of Education, 
the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, and the heads 
of other relevant Federal agencies, to ensure that any Fed-
eral assistance made available to local educational agen-
cies or covered childcare facilities for building construc-
tion, alteration, repair, and maintenance is consistent with 
any guidance and best practices developed by the Adminis-
trator under this Act. 
SEC. 10. RELATION TO OTHER LAW. 
(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this Act shall 
be construed, interpreted, or applied to preempt, displace, 
or supplant any other State or Federal law, whether statu-
tory or common, or any local ordinance. 
(b) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.—In exer-
cising any authority under this Act, the Administrator 
shall not, for purposes of section 4(b)(1) of the Occupa-
tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 
653(b)(1)), be considered to be exercising statutory au-
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thority to prescribe or enforce standards or regulations af-
fecting occupational safety or health. 
SEC. 11. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out 
this Act (other than section 5). 
Æ 
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