I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4491 
To establish the Twentieth Amendment Section Four Panel to recommend 
to Congress model legislation to provide for an appropriate process to 
resolve any vacancy created by the death of a candidate in a contingent 
presidential or vice-presidential election. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 6, 2023 
Mr. JOHNSON of Louisiana introduced the following bill; which was referred 
to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To establish the Twentieth Amendment Section Four Panel 
to recommend to Congress model legislation to provide 
for an appropriate process to resolve any vacancy created 
by the death of a candidate in a contingent presidential 
or vice-presidential election. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Solving an Overlooked 
Loophole in Votes for Executives (SOLVE) Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF PANEL OF CONSTITUTIONAL 
EXPERTS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the 
‘‘Twentieth Amendment Section Four Panel’’ (in this sec-
tion referred to as the ‘‘Panel’’). 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Panel shall be composed 
of 6 constitutional experts, of whom— 
(A) 1 shall be appointed by the majority 
leader of the Senate; 
(B) 1 shall be appointed by the minority 
leader of the Senate; 
(C) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the ma-
jority and minority leader of the Senate; 
(D) 1 shall be appointed by the Speaker of 
the House of Representatives; 
(E) 1 shall be appointed by minority leader 
of the House of Representatives; and 
(F) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and 
the minority leader of the House of Representa-
tives. 
(2) DATE.—The appointments of the members 
of the Panel shall be made not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
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(3) VACANCY.—Any vacancy occurring in the 
membership of the Panel shall be filled in the same 
manner in which the original appointment was 
made. 
(4) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.— 
The Panel shall select a Chairperson and Vice 
Chairperson from among the members of the Panel. 
(c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Panel shall be to 
recommend to Congress model legislation, which shall pro-
vide for an appropriate process, pursuant to section 4 of 
the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitu-
tion, to resolve any vacancy created by the death of a can-
didate in a contingent presidential or vice-presidential 
election. 
(d) REPORTS.— 
(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date on which all of the appointments have 
been made under subsection (b)(2), the Panel shall 
submit to Congress an interim report containing the 
Panel’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations. 
(2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 6 months 
after the submission of the interim report under 
paragraph (1), the Panel shall submit to Congress a 
final report containing the Panel’s findings, conclu-
sions, and recommendations. 
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(e) MEETINGS; INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Meetings of the Panel shall 
be held at the Law Library of Congress. 
(2) INFORMATION.—The Panel may secure 
from the Law Library of Congress such information 
as the Panel considers necessary to carry out the 
provisions of this section. 
(f) FUNDS.— 
(1) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.—Members of 
the Panel shall receive no compensation. 
(2) OTHER
FUNDING.—No amounts shall be 
appropriated for the purposes of this section, except 
for any amounts strictly necessary for the Law Li-
brary of Congress to execute its responsibilities 
under subsection (e). 
(g) TERMINATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The panel established under 
subsection (a) shall terminate 90 days after the date 
on which the panel submits the final report required 
under subsection (d)(2). 
(2) RECORDS.—Upon termination of the panel, 
all of its records shall become the records of the Sec-
retary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives. 
Æ 
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