training or vocational education), any conces-
sion with respect to real property, funding for 
research and development with respect to rare 
earth elements and finished rare earth prod-
ucts, and any other incentive determined appro-
priate by the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State. 
(5) FINISHED
RARE
EARTH
PRODUCT.—The 
term ‘‘finished rare earth product’’ means a product 
composed of significant quantities of rare earth ele-
ments, including— 
(A) metals; 
(B) alloys; and 
(C) permanent magnets. 
(6) FOREIGN ENTITY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘foreign enti-
ty’’ means— 
(i) a government of a foreign country 
and a foreign political party; 
(ii) a natural person who is not— 
(I) a lawful permanent resident 
of the United States; 
(II) a citizen or national of the 
United States; or 
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(III) any other protected indi-
vidual 
(as 
defined 
in 
section 
274B(a)(3) of the Immigration and 
Nationality 
Act 
(8 
U.S.C. 
1324b(a)(3))); and 
(iii) a partnership, association, cor-
poration, organization, or other combina-
tion of persons organized under the laws of 
or having its principal place of business in 
a foreign country. 
(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘foreign enti-
ty’’ includes— 
(i) any person owned by, controlled 
by, or subject to the jurisdiction or direc-
tion of an entity described in subparagraph 
(A); 
(ii) any person, wherever located, who 
acts as an agent, representative, or em-
ployee of an entity described in subpara-
graph (A); 
(iii) any person who acts in any other 
capacity at the order, request, or under the 
influence, direction, or control, of— 
(I) an entity described in sub-
paragraph (A); or 
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(II) a person the activities of 
which are directly or indirectly super-
vised, directed, controlled, financed, or 
subsidized in whole or in majority 
part by an entity described in sub-
paragraph (A); 
(iv) any person who directly or indi-
rectly through any contract, arrangement, 
understanding, relationship, or otherwise, 
owns 25 percent or more of the equity in-
terests of an entity described in subpara-
graph (A); 
(v) any person with significant re-
sponsibility to control, manage, or direct 
an entity described in subparagraph (A); 
(vi) any person, wherever located, who 
is a citizen or resident of a country con-
trolled by an entity described in subpara-
graph (A); and 
(vii) any corporation, partnership, as-
sociation, or other organization organized 
under the laws of a country controlled by 
an entity described in subparagraph (A). 
(7) FOREIGN ENTITY OF CONCERN.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘foreign enti-
ty of concern’’ means any foreign entity that 
is— 
(i) designated as a foreign terrorist 
organization by the Secretary of State 
under section 219 of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189); 
(ii) included on the list of specially 
designated nationals and blocked persons 
maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets 
Control of the Department of the Treas-
ury; 
(iii) owned by, controlled by, or sub-
ject to the jurisdiction, direction, or other-
wise under the undue influence of a gov-
ernment of a covered nation (as defined in 
section 4872(d) of title 10, United States 
Code); 
(iv) alleged by the Attorney General 
to have been involved in activities for 
which a conviction was obtained under— 
(I) chapter 37 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the 
‘‘Espionage Act’’); 
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(II) section 951 or 1030 of title 
18, United States Code; 
(III) chapter 90 of title 18, 
United States Code (commonly known 
as the ‘‘Economic Espionage Act of 
1996’’); 
(IV) the Arms Export Control 
Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 
(V) section 224, 225, 226, 227, 
or 236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 
1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274–2278; 2284); 
(VI) the Export Control Reform 
Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); 
or 
(VII) the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or 
(v) determined by the Secretary, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense 
and the Director of National Intelligence, 
to be engaged in unauthorized conduct 
that is detrimental to the national security 
or foreign policy of the United States 
under this Act. 
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(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘foreign enti-
ty of concern’’ does not include any entity with 
respect to which 1 or more foreign entities de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) owns less than 10 
percent of the equity interest. 
(8) GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY.—The term ‘‘gov-
ernmental entity’’ means— 
(A) a State; and 
(B) a local government of a State. 
(9) INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘‘intelligence community’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 
1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). 
(10) METALLURGY.—The term ‘‘metallurgy’’ 
means the process of producing finished rare earth 
products from purified rare earth elements. 
(11) MINERALS SECURITY PARTNERSHIP.—The 
term ‘‘Minerals Security Partnership’’ means the 
Minerals Security Partnership established in June 
2022. 
(12) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ includes an 
individual, partnership, association, corporation, or-
ganization, or any other combination of individuals. 
(13) PRIVATE
CAPITAL.—The term ‘‘private 
capital’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
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