(1) The average life expectancy in the United 
States has increased to 80 years of age, causing an 
ever-increasing demand for medical care. 
(2) In 1975, United States medical schools 
graduated approximately 12,716 physicians. Half of 
these physicians entered programs of medical studies 
as graduates of United States colleges and univer-
sities. The other half consisted of graduates of for-
eign institutions admitted to United States medical 
schools under the J–1 Visa Program. 
(3) Presently, the number of applicants, foreign 
and domestic, seeking admission to United States 
medical schools has decreased to approximately 
39,109. 
(4) During the last 20 years, median tuition 
and fees at medical schools have increased by 229 
percent (122 percent adjusted for inflation) in pri-
vate schools and by 479 percent (256 percent ad-
justed for inflation) in public schools. 
(5) The Association of American Medical Col-
leges, in its Statement on the Physician Workforce, 
dated June, 2006, called for an increase of 1,500 
National Health Service Corps program awards per 
year to help meet the need for physicians caring for 
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underserved populations and to help address rising 
medical student indebtedness. 
(6) The National Health Service Corps program 
has a proven record of supplying physicians to un-
derserved areas, and has played an important role in 
expanding access for underserved populations in 
rural and inner city communities. 
(7) Continued expansion of the National Health 
Service Corps program is strongly recommended. 
(8) The growing debt incurred by graduating 
medical students is likely to increase the interest 
and willingness of graduates of United States med-
ical schools to apply for National Health Service 
Corps program funding and awards. 
(9) One third (250,000) of active physicians are 
over the age of 55 and are likely to retire in the next 
ten years, while the population will have increased 
by 24 percent. These demographic changes will 
cause the population-to-physician ratio to peak by 
the year 2020. 
(10) The Indiana State Medical Licensing 
Board has estimated that in 20 years there will be 
200,000 fewer physicians available to deliver medical 
services. 
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(11) In 2005, the Council on Graduate Medical 
Education stated in a report to Congress that there 
will be a shortage of not fewer than 90,000 full-time 
physicians by 2020. 
(12) A decrease in Federal spending to carry 
out programs authorized by title VII of the Public 
Health Service Act threatens the viability of pro-
grams used to solve the problem of inadequate ac-
cess to health care. 
(13) A continuing decline in the number of 
family physicians may lead to renewed shortages of 
safety net and rural physicians. 
(14) There is a declining ability to recruit 
qualified medical students from rural and under-
served areas, coupled with greater difficulty on the 
part of community health centers and other clinics 
to attract adequate personnel. 
SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION OF NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 
CORPS SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM AND LOAN 
REPAYMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) REAUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Sec-
tion 338H(a) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
254q(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘$146,250,000’’ and all 
that 
follows 
through 
the 
period 
and 
inserting 
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‘‘$300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 
2011.’’. 
(b) SCHOLARSHIPS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS.—Sec-
tion 338H of such Act is further amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(d) SCHOLARSHIPS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS.—Of 
the amounts appropriated under subsection (a) for a fiscal 
year, the Secretary shall obligate $30,000,000 for con-
tracts for scholarships under this subpart to individuals 
who are accepted for enrollment, or enrolled, in a course 
of study or program described in section 338A(b)(1)(B) 
that leads to a degree in medicine or osteopathic medi-
cine.’’. 
SEC. 4. REAUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN PROGRAMS PRO-
VIDING GRANTS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS 
TRAINING FOR DIVERSITY. 
(a) GRANTS FOR CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE.—Sec-
tion 736(h)(1) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
293(h)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘$26,000,000’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘2002’’ and inserting ‘‘$33,610,000 
for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2011’’. 
(b) EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE
FOR INDIVIDUALS 
FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS.—Section 740(c) 
of such Act (42 U.S.C. 293d(c)) is amended by striking 
‘‘$29,400,000’’ and all that follows through the period and 
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inserting ‘‘$35,650,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 
through 2011.’’ . 
SEC. 5. EXPANSION OF RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAMS 
AND PRIMARY CARE SERVICES OFFERED BY 
COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS. 
Part C of title VII of the Public Health Service Act 
(42 U.S.C. 293k et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by adding before section 747 the following: 
‘‘Subpart I—In General’’; and 
(2) by adding after section 748 the following: 
‘‘Subpart II—Additional Programs 
‘‘SEC. 749. GRANTS TO EXPAND MEDICAL RESIDENCY 
TRAINING 
PROGRAMS 
AT 
COMMUNITY 
HEALTH CENTERS. 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary may 
make grants to community health centers— 
‘‘(1) to establish, at the centers, new or alter-
native-campus accredited medical residency training 
programs affiliated with a hospital or other health 
care facility; or 
‘‘(2) to fund new residency positions within ex-
isting accredited medical residency training pro-
grams at the centers and their affiliated partners. 
‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts from a grant under 
this section shall be used to cover the costs of establishing 
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