‘‘(1)(A) In the case of the initial report, a list 
of all agreements that are providing commercial 
Earth remote sensing data and imagery to NASA as 
of the date of the report. 
‘‘(B) For each subsequent report, a list of all 
agreements that have provided commercial Earth re-
mote sensing data and imagery to NASA during the 
reporting period. 
‘‘(2) A description of the end-use license terms 
and conditions for each such vendor. 
‘‘(3) A description of how each such agreement 
advances scientific research and applications, includ-
ing priorities recommended by the National Acad-
emies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
decadal surveys. 
‘‘(4) Information specifying whether the Admin-
istrator has entered into an agreement with a com-
mercial vendor or a Federal agency that permits the 
use of data and imagery by Federal Government em-
ployees, contractors, or non-Federal users.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents for chapter 603 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item: 
‘‘60307. Commercial Satellite Data Acquisition Program.’’. 
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SEC. 607. NASA DATA FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) NASA has decades of experience in space- 
based scientific Earth observations and measure-
ments, including data, trends and modeling. 
(2) NASA Earth science data, which includes 
data 
on 
precipitation, 
temperature, 
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and vegetation 
health, has been used to inform the decisionmaking 
of agricultural producers. 
(3) NASA applies its scientific data and models 
to inform and support the agricultural community 
and engages in innovative collaborations such as the 
NASA Acres and NASA Harvest agricultural con-
sortia. 
(4) NASA uses space-based Earth observations 
and science and applications to support farmers in 
efforts to conserve water and other resources, im-
prove farm management and crop yield, and facili-
tate the stability of the national food supply. 
(5) NASA’s upcoming Earth System Observ-
atory will benefit the agricultural community by im-
proving observations critical for measuring and un-
derstanding cropland conditions, water availability, 
early onset crop disease, soil moisture, and other 
crop and rangeland management indicators. 
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(6) Increased engagement between NASA and 
the agricultural community can support agricultural 
producers, bolster the national food supply, and im-
prove agricultural research, science, and technology. 
(b) DATA DISSEMINATION.—NASA shall continue to 
partner with other relevant Federal agencies, as prac-
ticable, to disseminate water, soil, vegetation, land-use, 
and other relevant NASA Earth observation and science 
data, information and tools to support American agricul-
tural producers. Such partnerships may include activities 
such as— 
(1) continuing to leverage NASA Earth science 
water data and information to enable efficient use of 
resources, inform irrigation decisions, and support 
local innovation and control of water management; 
(2) supporting agriculture decisionmaking by 
increasing the accessibility and useability of NASA 
Earth science data, information, and tools relevant 
to the impact of disease, weather, precipitation, and 
other environmental factors on agricultural produc-
tion; or 
(3) making available, to the greatest extent 
practicable, NASA earth science measurements and 
data to advance precision agricultural capabilities 
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relevant to the needs and requirements of agricul-
tural producers. 
(c) APPLICATION OF SPACE-BASED DATA.—The Ad-
ministrator shall, in furtherance of the goal for the 
NASA’s Earth science and applications program of secur-
ing practical benefits for society, as set forth in section 
60501 of title 51, United States Code, continue to collabo-
rate with relevant Federal agencies to develop mechanisms 
to transition, as appropriate, relevant NASA Earth 
science research findings, data, information, models, and 
capabilities to operational governmental and private sector 
entities focused on addressing the needs of the agricultural 
user community. 
(d) PARTNERING.—In carrying out subsections (b) 
and (d), NASA shall, to the extent practicable and in col-
laboration with other relevant Federal agencies, where ap-
propriate, continue to engage State and local government 
agencies, institutions of higher education, agriculture pro-
ducer organizations, and other relevant stakeholder and 
user communities from the public and private sectors to 
improve dissemination of NASA Earth science data, infor-
mation, and tools relevant to the needs of agricultural pro-
ducers and the agriculture industry, in accordance with 
the goal for the Administration’s Earth science and appli-
cations program set forth in section 60501 of title 51, 
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United States Code, and relevant recommendations of the 
most recent decadal survey on Earth science and applica-
tions from space. 
SEC. 608. PLANETARY SCIENCE PORTFOLIO. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) planetary science missions advance the sci-
entific understanding of the solar system and the 
place of humans in it while also advancing the de-
sign and operations of spacecraft and robotic engi-
neering; and 
(2) Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship 
programs allow NASA to fund a range of missions 
that vary in size, cost, and complexity; maintaining 
balance across these mission classes allows for a 
broad scope of discoveries and scientific advances. 
(b) MISSION
PRIORITIES
REAFFIRMATION.—Con-
gress reaffirms the direction in section 502(b)(1) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transi-
tion Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 
U.S.C. 20302 note) that— 
(1) in accordance with the priorities established 
in the most recent Planetary Science Decadal Sur-
vey, the Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest 
extent practicable, the completion of a balanced set 
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of Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions 
at the cadence recommended by the most recent 
Planetary Science Decadal Survey; and 
(2) consistent with the set of missions described 
in paragraph (1), and while maintaining the con-
tinuity of scientific data and steady development of 
capabilities and technologies, the Administrator may 
seek, if necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, 
schedule, and scope in light of changing budget pro-
jections. 
SEC. 609. PLANETARY DEFENSE. 
(a) Section 808 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18387), is amended in subsection (b) by striking 
‘‘implement, before September 30, 2012,’’ and inserting 
‘‘, in coordination with the NASA Administrator, maintain 
and regularly update’’. 
(b) Title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in section 71103— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘Developing 
policy 
and 
recom-
mending’’ and inserting ‘‘Policy on near- 
Earth objects and’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘Within 2 years after Oc-
tober 15, 2008, the’’ and inserting ‘‘The’’; 
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(C) after ‘‘Policy shall’’, by inserting ‘‘, in 
coordination with the Administrator, maintain 
and regularly update’’; 
(D) by striking ‘‘(1) develop’’; and 
(E) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘(2) rec-
ommend’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘recommendations 
for’’; and 
(2) in chapter 711— 
(A) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 71105. Planetary defense coordination office 
‘‘(a) OFFICE.—As directed in section 10825 of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Author-
ization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167), the Adminis-
trator shall maintain an office within the Planetary 
Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate to be 
known as the ‘Planetary Defense Coordination Office’. 
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Consistent with the direc-
tion in section 10825 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public 
Law 117–167) the Planetary Defense Coordination Office 
under subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) plan, develop, and implement a program to 
survey threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to 
or greater than 140 meters in diameter, as required 
by section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics 
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and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
71101 note prec.); 
‘‘(2) identify, track, and characterize potentially 
hazardous near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the 
effects of potential impacts of such objects, and in-
vestigate strategies and technologies for mitigating 
the potential impacts of such objects; and 
‘‘(3) assist in coordinating government planning 
for a response to a potential impact of a near-Earth 
objects.’’; and 
(B) in the table of contents— 
(i) by adding at the end the following 
new item: 
‘‘71105. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.’’; and 
(ii) by amending the item relating to 
section 71103 to read as follows: 
‘‘71103. Policy on near-Earth objects and responsible Federal agency.’’. 
SEC. 610. LUNAR DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may carry out, 
within the Science Mission Directorate, a program to ac-
complish science objectives for the Moon, with an organi-
zational structure that aligns responsibility, authority, and 
accountability, as recommended by the most recent 
decadal survey for planetary science and astrobiology. 
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(b) OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying 
out the program in subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
direct the Science Mission Directorate, in consultation 
with the Exploration Systems Development Mission Direc-
torate and the Space Technology Mission Directorate, to 
define high-priority lunar science objectives informed by 
decadal surveys and other scientific consensus rec-
ommendations, and related requirements of an integrated 
Artemis science strategy for human and robotic missions 
to the Moon. 
(c) INSTRUMENTATION.—The program in subsection 
(a) should assess the need for and facilitate the develop-
ment of instrumentation to support the scientific explo-
ration of the Moon. 
SEC. 611. COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) Administration encouragement and support 
for commercial services for lunar surface delivery ca-
pabilities and other related services serves the na-
tional interest; and 
(2) commercial providers benefit from an ap-
proach that places low-cost, noncritical instruments 
on initial deliveries using small- and medium-size 
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landers before proceeding to larger landers for more 
complex payloads. 
(b) COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES.—The 
Administrator is authorized to establish a Commercial 
Lunar Payload Services program for the purposes of pro-
curing, from one or more United States commercial pro-
viders, services for delivery of NASA science payloads, and 
the payloads of other NASA mission directorates, as ap-
propriate and practicable, to the lunar surface. 
(c) RELATIONSHIP
TO
OTHER
MISSION
DIREC-
TORATES.—A Mission Directorate that seeks to obtain 
commercial lunar payload services under the program es-
tablished in subsection (b) shall provide funding for— 
(1) any payload, instrument or other item spon-
sored by the Mission Directorate for delivery 
through the program; and 
(2) the cost of the commercial lunar payload 
services obtained on behalf of the Mission Direc-
torate. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—In implementing any such 
activities pursuant to subsection (b), the Administrator 
shall— 
(1) conduct updated market research on the 
commercial lunar economy and identify any changes 
since the last market analysis; 
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