I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4185 
To improve the coordination of the Federal Government in identifying and 
responding to weak or failing countries that endanger international secu-
rity or stability, to improve the coordination and conduct of pre-conflict 
stabilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction operations, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 21, 2004 
Mr. DREIER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on International Relations, and in addition to the Committee on 
Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speak-
er, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the ju-
risdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To improve the coordination of the Federal Government in 
identifying and responding to weak or failing countries 
that endanger international security or stability, to im-
prove the coordination and conduct of pre-conflict sta-
bilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction op-
erations, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘International Security Enhancement Act of 2004’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings. 
TITLE I—DEPARTMENT OF STATE REFORM 
Sec. 101. Office of Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization and Undersecre-
tary of State for Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization. 
Sec. 102. Identification of weak or failing countries and categorization of coun-
try according to level of risk. 
Sec. 103. Emergency Stabilization Operations Support Fund. 
TITLE II—DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REFORM 
Sec. 201. Regional joint interagency task forces for post-conflict reconstruction 
operations. 
TITLE III—NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM 
Sec. 301. Joint Task Force for Stabilization, Reconstruction, and Contingency 
Operations Coordination. 
TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
Sec. 401. Rules of construction. 
Sec. 402. Sense of Congress. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States is engaged in a Global 
War on Terrorism, in which threats to the security 
of the United States often originate in weak or fail-
ing countries. 
(2) The National Security Strategy of the 
United States states that ‘‘the United States and 
countries cooperating with us must not allow the ter-
rorists to develop new home bases’’.
(3) It is in the interests of the United States 
to develop a comprehensive framework to monitor 
weak or failing countries and prepare to deal effec-
tively with these countries before they become immi-
nent threats to the people of the United States. 
(4) The Department of State is uniquely 
equipped to communicate with other United States 
agencies and international organizations to plan for 
pre-conflict stabilization operations and post-conflict 
reconstruction operations in weak or failing coun-
tries, both as an alternative to military intervention 
and as a successor to military conflict, if such con-
flict becomes unavoidable. 
(5) Since the end of World War II, the United 
States has participated in reconstruction and democ-
racy-building efforts in Germany, Japan, Somalia, 
Haiti, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Afghani-
stan, and Iraq, and the knowledge and experience of 
United States agencies, in cooperation with inter-
national organizations, was critical to successfully 
providing security and humanitarian relief and es-
tablishing the rule of law in these countries and re-
gions. 
(6) The ability of the Department of Defense, 
the Department of State, the National Security
Council, and various international organizations to 
coordinate and cooperate effectively to deal with 
emerging threats is essential for enhancing the abil-
ity of the United States and its allies to win the 
Global War on Terrorism 
(7) A 2003 report from the RAND Corporation 
states ‘‘post-conflict stabilization and reconstruction 
with the objective of promoting a transition to de-
mocracy appear to be the inescapable responsibility 
of the world’s only superpower. Therefore . . . the 
United States ought to make the smaller long-term 
investments in its own institutional capacity to con-
duct such operations’’. 
TITLE I—DEPARTMENT OF 
STATE REFORM 
SEC. 101. OFFICE OF OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND STA-
BILIZATION 
AND 
UNDERSECRETARY 
OF 
STATE FOR OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND 
STABILIZATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The State Department Basic 
Authorities Act of 1956 is amended by adding after sec-
tion 58 (22 U.S.C. 2730) the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 59. OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES AND STABILIZATION. 
‘‘(a) OFFICE
OF OVERSEAS CONTINGENCIES
AND 
STABILIZATION.—
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT
OF
OFFICE.—The Sec-
retary shall establish within the Department of State 
an Office of Overseas Contingencies and Stabiliza-
tion. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE OF OFFICE.—The Office shall 
have primary responsibility for planning and admin-
istering non-military aspects of overseas contingency 
operations, including pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ations and post-conflict reconstruction operations, in 
countries categorized pursuant to section 60 as 
countries of impending risk or countries of imme-
diate risk. 
‘‘(3) HEAD OF OFFICE.—The head of the Office 
shall be the Undersecretary for Overseas Contin-
gencies and Stabilization. The President shall ap-
point the Undersecretary, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate. 
‘‘(b) ORGANIZATION OF OFFICE.— 
‘‘(1) THREE BUREAUS.—The Office shall be or-
ganized into three bureaus, as follows: 
‘‘(A) The Bureau of Contingency Planning. 
‘‘(B) The Bureau of Contingency Training. 
‘‘(C) The Bureau of Contingency Coordi-
nation.
‘‘(2) HEAD OF BUREAUS.—The head of each 
bureau shall be an Assistant Secretary. The Presi-
dent shall appoint the Assistant Secretaries, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
‘‘(c) BUREAU
OF CONTINGENCY PLANNING.—The 
Bureau of Contingency Planning shall be responsible for— 
‘‘(1) coordinating with the intelligence commu-
nity, as defined in section 3(4) of the National Secu-
rity Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4)), in the identi-
fication of countries as weak or failing under section 
60; 
‘‘(2) monitoring political and economic develop-
ments in such countries; 
‘‘(3) preparing pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ations to address the dangers specified in section 
60(a)(1) associated with such countries; and 
‘‘(4) preparing post-conflict reconstruction oper-
ations, including operations relating to civil and po-
litical affairs, for countries in which the United 
States participates or may participate in a pre-con-
flict stabilization operation or a post-conflict recon-
struction operation. 
‘‘(d) BUREAU
OF CONTINGENCY TRAINING.—The 
Bureau of Contingency Training shall be responsible for—
‘‘(1) training members of the Federal Govern-
ment for overseas pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ations and post-conflict reconstruction operations in 
weak or failing countries identified under section 60; 
‘‘(2) administering the International Contin-
gency Training Center established under subsection 
(f); and 
‘‘(3) administering the Civilian Overseas Con-
tingency Force established under section (g) and 
maintaining the International Contingency Personnel 
Database established under subsection (h). 
‘‘(e) BUREAU OF CONTINGENCY COORDINATION.— 
The Bureau of Contingency Coordination shall serve as 
the permanent liaison between the Office and— 
‘‘(1) the Department of Defense and other rel-
evant departments; 
‘‘(2) the Central Intelligence Agency and other 
relevant elements of the intelligence community; 
‘‘(3) the United Nations and the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization and other relevant international 
governmental organizations; and 
‘‘(4) relevant non-governmental organizations. 
‘‘(f) INTERNATIONAL CONTINGENCY TRAINING CEN-
TER.—
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Undersecretary 
shall establish within the Bureau of Contingency 
Training an International Contingency Training 
Center. 
‘‘(2) DUTIES.—The Center shall be responsible 
for— 
‘‘(A) conducting inter-agency training, in-
cluding training related to inter-agency deci-
sion-making, operational planning, and execu-
tion simulations, for mid-level Government offi-
cials and managers to prepare these officials 
and managers to address complex overseas con-
tingencies, including pre-conflict stabilization 
operations and post-conflict reconstruction op-
erations; 
‘‘(B) conducting advanced training related 
to pre-conflict stabilization operations and post- 
conflict reconstruction operations for members 
of the Civilian Overseas Contingency Force; 
‘‘(C) conducting pre-deployment training 
related to pre-conflict stabilization operations 
and post-conflict reconstruction operations for 
civilians and military-civil affairs personnel; 
‘‘(D) conducting exercises related to pre- 
conflict stabilization operations and post-con-
flict reconstruction operations for United States 
and international experts; 
‘‘(E) developing a uniform set of operating 
procedures for pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ations and post-conflict reconstruction oper-
ations; and 
‘‘(F) conducting on-going evaluations and 
after-action reviews of pre-conflict stabilization 
operations and post-conflict reconstruction op-
erations. 
‘‘(3) LOCATION.— 
‘‘(A) DETERMINATION
BY
UNDERSECRE-
TARY.—The Center shall be located at a site 
the Undersecretary determines to be appro-
priate to allow the Center to properly carry out 
the duties specified in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(B) MILITARY AND OTHER FACILITIES.— 
In making the determination under subpara-
graph (A), the Undersecretary shall consider 
military installations and other existing Govern-
ment facilities that satisfy the needs of the Cen-
ter. 
‘‘(C) REPORT.—Not later than one year 
from the date of the enactment of the Inter-
national Security Enhancement Act of 2004,
the Undersecretary shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report recom-
mending a site for the location of the Center. 
‘‘(4) SUPPORT.—The Assistant Secretary for 
Contingency Training shall provide the Center with 
such staff and resources as the Assistant Secretary 
considers necessary and appropriate to allow the 
Center to properly carry out the duties specified in 
paragraph (2). 
‘‘(g) CIVILIAN OVERSEAS CONTINGENCY FORCE.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT
AND
PURPOSE.—The 
Undersecretary shall establish within the Bureau of 
Contingency Training a Civilian Overseas Contin-
gency Force intended to provide a ready source of 
volunteers who can provide in-country assistance in 
support of pre-conflict stabilization operations and 
post-conflict reconstruction operations carried out by 
the Office in countries categorized pursuant to sec-
tion 60 as countries of impending risk or countries 
of immediate risk. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(A) COUNTRY OF IMPENDING RISK.—The 
President, acting through the Undersecretary, 
may authorize the deployment of members of 
the Force to a country of impending risk if the
President determines that such deployment is 
likely to— 
‘‘(i) prevent the country from satis-
fying any of the criteria specified in section 
60(a)(1), if the country does not satisfy 
any of the criteria at the time of the ap-
pointment of a Special Coordinator under 
section 60(g) for the country; or 
‘‘(ii) assist the country to end its sat-
isfaction of any of the criteria and reduce 
the likelihood that the country will be con-
sidered a national security priority by the 
President, if the country satisfies any of 
the criteria at the time of the appointment 
‘‘(B) COUNTRY OF IMMEDIATE RISK.—The 
President, acting through the Undersecretary, 
may authorize the deployment of members of 
the Force to a country of immediate risk if the 
President determines that such deployment is 
likely to— 
‘‘(i) assist the country to end its satis-
faction of any of the criteria specified in 
section 60(a)(1); and 
‘‘(ii) allow the President to remove the 
country from the list of countries the
President considers to be a national secu-
rity priority. 
‘‘(3) COMPOSITION.— 
‘‘(A) VOLUNTEERS.—The Force shall be 
composed of volunteers selected by the Under-
secretary, and may include— 
‘‘(i) individuals who are Federal em-
ployees or former employees of the execu-
tive, legislative, or judicial branches; 
‘‘(ii) individuals who are retired or 
former members of the uniformed services; 
‘‘(iii) individuals from the United 
States or foreign academic community; 
‘‘(iv) individuals from United States 
or foreign non-governmental organizations; 
and 
‘‘(v) such other individuals from the 
United States or foreign countries as the 
Undersecretary considers necessary and 
appropriate to satisfy the needs of the 
Force under this subsection. 
‘‘(B) RELEVANT EXPERTISE OR EXPERI-
ENCE
REQUIRED.—Volunteers selected under 
subparagraph (A) shall possess expertise in or 
experience related to pre-conflict stabilization
operations and post-conflict reconstruction op-
erations, including individuals who possess ex-
pertise or experience as— 
‘‘(i) members of the judiciary; 
‘‘(ii) members of a police force; 
‘‘(iii) health workers; 
‘‘(iv) penal officers; 
‘‘(v) civil planners or administrators; 
‘‘(vi) attorneys; 
‘‘(vii) constitutional experts; 
‘‘(viii) civil engineers; 
‘‘(ix) construction workers; or 
‘‘(x) members of the financial services 
sector. 
‘‘(4) ADVANCED TRAINING.—The Assistant Sec-
retary for Contingency Training shall utilize the 
International Contingency Training Center to pro-
vide members of the Force with such advanced 
training in pre-conflict stabilization operations and 
post-conflict reconstruction operations as the Assist-
ant Secretary considers necessary and appropriate to 
maintain the operational readiness of the Force. 
‘‘(5) LIMITATION ON DEPLOYMENT.— 
‘‘(A) LIMITATION.—A member of the 
Force may not be deployed to one or more
countries of impending risk or countries of im-
mediate risk for more than 365 days during 
any two-year period, as calculated from the date 
of the initial deployment of the member to any 
such country, unless the member consents to a 
longer deployment. 
‘‘(B) TREATMENT
OF
ADVANCED
TRAIN-
ING.—Training provided to a member of the 
Force under paragraph (4) shall not be counted 
for purposes of applying the limitation on de-
ployment described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(6) COMPENSATION.—Although members of 
the Force are volunteers, the Undersecretary shall 
compensate members of the Force during periods of 
training and deployment in accordance with— 
‘‘(A) the appropriate salary class for the 
Foreign Service, as set forth in sections 402 
and 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 
U.S.C. 3962 and 3963); or 
‘‘(B) the relevant authority under sections 
3101 and 3392 of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(7) EXTENSION OF CERTAIN FOREIGN SERV-
ICE BENEFITS.—The Undersecretary may extend to 
any member of the Force who is deployed in support 
of a pre-conflict stabilization operation or a post-
conflict reconstruction operation the benefits or 
privileges set forth in sections 412, 413, 704, and 
901 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 
3972, 3973, 4024, and 4081) to the same extent 
and in the same manner that such benefits and 
privileges are extended to members of the Foreign 
Service. 
‘‘(8) 
EMPLOYMENT
AND
REEMPLOYMENT 
RIGHTS.—Members of the Force shall be treated as 
members of the uniformed services, as defined in 
section 4303(16) of title 38, United States Code, for 
purposes of employment and reemployment rights 
under subchapters I and II of chapter 43 of such 
title. 
‘‘(9) NON-FORCE PERSONNEL.— 
‘‘(A) CONTRACTING AUTHORITY.—The Un-
dersecretary may procure the services of indi-
viduals or organizations by contract to assist 
the Office in any pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ation or post-conflict reconstruction operation 
in which the Office may be involved. Individuals 
performing services related to such assistance 
shall not by virtue of such performance be con-
sidered employees of the United States for pur-
poses of any law administered by the Office of
Personnel Management (except that the Under-
secretary may determine the applicability to 
such individuals of any law administered by the 
Undersecretary concerning such performance by 
such individuals). 
‘‘(B) EXPERTS
AND
CONSULTANTS.—In 
the event of a pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ation or a post-conflict reconstruction operation 
in which the Office is involved, and to the ex-
tent necessary to obtain without undue delay 
necessary services considered by the Undersec-
retary to be relevant to the success of such op-
eration, the Undersecretary may procure the 
services of experts and consultants under sec-
tion 3109 of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(C) AUTHORITY TO ACCEPT AND ASSIGN 
DETAILS.—The Undersecretary may accept de-
tails or assignments of employees of the execu-
tive, legislative, or judicial branches, members 
of the uniformed services, and employees of 
State or local governments on a reimbursable or 
nonreimbursable basis in order to satisfy the 
needs of the Office. The assignment of an em-
ployee of a State or local government under this
subsection shall be consistent with subchapter 
VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(D) ACCEPTANCE OF UNPAID VOLUNTEER 
SERVICES.—In the event of a pre-conflict sta-
bilization operation or a post-conflict recon-
struction operation in which the Office is in-
volved, the Undersecretary may accept the serv-
ices of certain individuals to assist the Office in 
the administration of such operations without 
regard to section 1342 of title 31, United 
States Code. Individuals providing such services 
shall be uncompensated. 
‘‘(10) 
SUPERVISION
AND
TREATMENT
OF 
FORCE AND NON-FORCE PERSONNEL.— 
‘‘(A) SUPERVISION.—The Undersecretary 
shall— 
‘‘(i) ensure that members of the Force 
and non-Force personnel under paragraph 
(9) are notified of the scope of the services 
accepted pursuant to such paragraph; 
‘‘(ii) supervise the non-Force per-
sonnel to the same extent as Federal em-
ployees performing similar services; and 
‘‘(iii) ensure that a non-Force indi-
vidual has appropriate credentials or is
otherwise qualified to perform in the ca-
pacity for which the services of such indi-
vidual are accepted. 
‘‘(B) APPLICABILITY OF PROVISIONS RE-
LATING TO FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.—Members of 
the Force or non-Force personnel under para-
graph (9) who are not Federal employees shall 
not be considered as Federal employees by rea-
son of the performance of services, except for 
the purposes of the following provisions of the 
United States Code: 
‘‘(i) Chapter 81 of title 5, relating to 
compensation for work-related injuries. 
‘‘(ii) Chapter 171 of title 28, relating 
to tort claims. 
‘‘(iii) Chapter 11 of title 18, relating 
to conflicts of interest. 
‘‘(11) DATABASE
OF
CIVILIAN
VOLUNTEERS 
AND
OTHER
INDIVIDUALS.—The Undersecretary 
shall establish within the Bureau a database of 
members of the Force and such other non-Force in-
dividuals with relevant experience or expertise re-
lated to pre-conflict stabilization operations and 
post-conflict reconstruction operations as the Under-
secretary determines necessary and appropriate to
satisfy the needs of the Force under this sub-
section.’’. 
(b) NUMBER OF UNDERSECRETARIES AND ASSIST-
ANT SECRETARIES.— 
(1) STATE
DEPARTMENT
BASIC
AUTHORITIES 
ACT OF 1956.—Section 1 of the State Department 
Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is 
amended— 
(A) in subsection (b)(1), relating to the 
number of Under Secretaries, by striking ‘‘6’’ 
and inserting ‘‘7’’; and 
(B) in subsection (c)(1), relating to the 
number of Assistant Secretaries, by striking 
‘‘24’’ and inserting ‘‘27’’. 
(2) TITLE 5, UNITED STATES CODE.—Title 5, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in section 5314, relating to compensa-
tion at level III of the Executive Schedule, by 
striking ‘‘(6)’’ in the item relating to Under 
Secretaries of State and inserting ‘‘(7)’’; and 
(B) in section 5315, relating to compensa-
tion at level IV of the Executive Schedule, by 
striking ‘‘(24)’’ in the item relating to Assistant 
Secretaries of State and inserting ‘‘(27)’’.
SEC. 102. IDENTIFICATION OF WEAK OR FAILING COUN-
TRIES AND CATEGORIZATION OF COUNTRY 
ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF RISK. 
The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 
is further amended by adding after section 59, as added 
by section 101, the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 60. IDENTIFICATION OF WEAK OR FAILING COUN-
TRIES AND CATEGORIZATION OF COUNTRY 
ACCORDING TO LEVEL OF RISK. 
‘‘(a) WEAK OR FAILING COUNTRY.— 
‘‘(1) IDENTIFICATION.—The Undersecretary for 
Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization shall iden-
tify a country as a weak or failing country if the 
Undersecretary determines that the country endan-
gers or is likely to endanger— 
‘‘(A) the population of such country; 
‘‘(B) the security or stability of neigh-
boring countries; 
‘‘(C) United States national security; 
‘‘(D) success in the Global War on Ter-
rorism; or 
‘‘(E) United States or international efforts 
towards the non-proliferation of weapons of 
mass destruction. 
‘‘(2) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this sec-
tion, the term ‘weak or failing country’ means a
country identified by the Undersecretary under para-
graph (1). 
‘‘(b) CATEGORIZATION.— 
‘‘(1) INCREASING LEVELS OF RISK.—The Un-
dersecretary shall categorize a weak or failing coun-
try into one of three risk categories, each of which 
corresponds to an increasing level of risk relative to 
the preceding category, as follows: 
‘‘(A) Country of risk. 
‘‘(B) Country of impending risk. 
‘‘(C) Country of immediate risk. 
‘‘(2) COUNTRY OF RISK.—The Undersecretary 
shall categorize a weak or failing country as a coun-
try of risk if the Undersecretary determines that the 
country is likely to satisfy one or more of the criteria 
specified in subsection (a)(1) within two to five years 
after the date of the categorization. 
‘‘(3) COUNTRY OF IMPENDING RISK.—The Un-
dersecretary shall categorize a weak or failing coun-
try as a country of impending risk if the Undersec-
retary determines that the country— 
‘‘(A) is likely to satisfy one or more of the 
criteria specified in subsection (a)(1) within two 
years after the date of the categorization; or
‘‘(B) satisfies one or more of the criteria at 
the time of the categorization, but the Presi-
dent, after consultation with the National Secu-
rity Council, does not consider the country to be 
a national security priority. 
‘‘(4) COUNTRY OF IMMEDIATE RISK.—The Un-
dersecretary shall categorize a weak or failing coun-
try as a country of immediate risk if— 
‘‘(A) the Undersecretary determines that 
the country satisfies one or more of the criteria 
specified in subsection (a)(1) at the time of the 
categorization; and 
‘‘(B) the President, after consultation with 
the National Security Council, considers the 
country to be a national security priority. 
‘‘(5) PROMPT
NOTICE
OF
CERTAIN
CAT-
EGORIZATIONS.—Not later than 30 days after the 
initial categorization of a weak or failing country as 
a country of impending risk or a country of imme-
diate risk, the Undersecretary shall notify the Presi-
dent and the appropriate congressional committees 
of the categorization. 
‘‘(c) BASIS FOR CATEGORIZATION.— 
‘‘(1) REVIEW.—The Assistant Secretary for 
Contingency Planning shall conduct—
‘‘(A) an annual review of each weak or 
failing country categorized as a country of risk; 
‘‘(B) a biannual review of each weak or 
failing country categorized as a country of im-
pending risk; and 
‘‘(C) a quarterly review of each weak or 
failing country categorized as a country of im-
mediate risk. 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after 
the completion of each review under paragraph (1), 
the Undersecretary shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report containing the re-
sults of the review and such other information as the 
Undersecretary considers appropriate to support the 
categorization of the weak or failing country under 
subsection (b). 
‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL MONITORING.— 
‘‘(1) POLITICAL
AND
ECONOMIC
DEVELOP-
MENTS.—The Assistant Secretary for Contingency 
Planning shall monitor political and economic devel-
opments in each weak or failing country categorized 
as a country of risk, a country of impending risk, or 
a country of immediate risk. 
‘‘(2) FOCUS OF ATTENTION.—With respect to a 
weak or failing country categorized as a country of
impending risk or a country of immediate risk, the 
Assistant Secretary shall pay particular attention to 
political and economic developments that are likely 
to necessitate— 
‘‘(A) an adjustment in plans for pre-con-
flict stabilization operations and post-conflict 
reconstruction operations for the country under 
subsection (f); or 
‘‘(B) an adjustment in the level of risk of 
the country under subsection (b). 
‘‘(e) REVIEW OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND DIPLO-
MATIC EFFORTS.— 
‘‘(1) INITIAL
REVIEW
REQUIRED.—Not later 
than 30 days after the initial categorization of a 
weak or failing country as a country of risk, country 
of impending risk, or a country of immediate risk, 
the Assistant Secretary for Contingency Planning 
shall conduct a review of the amount of foreign as-
sistance provided to the country and any diplomatic 
efforts undertaken with regard to the country. 
‘‘(2) PERIODIC UPDATES.—The Assistant Sec-
retary shall update each review conducted under 
paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) not less than once every two years for 
each weak or failing country that is categorized
as a country of risk for two or more consecutive 
years; 
‘‘(B) not less than once every year for each 
weak or failing country that is categorized as a 
country of impending risk for two or more con-
secutive years; and 
‘‘(C) not less than once every six months 
for each weak or failing country that is cat-
egorized as a country of immediate risk. 
‘‘(3) FOLLOW-UP REPORT.—Not later than 30 
days after completing each review conducted or up-
dated under this subsection regarding a weak or fail-
ing country categorized as a country of risk, a coun-
try of impending risk, or a country of immediate 
risk, and based on the review, the Undersecretary 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a report containing such recommendations 
for further action regarding the country, including 
relating to foreign assistance and diplomatic efforts, 
as the Undersecretary considers appropriate to— 
‘‘(A) reduce the likelihood that the country 
will ever satisfy any of the criteria specified in 
subsection (a)(1), if the country does not satisfy 
any of the criteria at the time of the submission 
of the report;
‘‘(B) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria and reduce the likeli-
hood that the country will be considered a na-
tional security priority by the President or allow 
the President to remove the country from the 
list of countries the President considers to be a 
national security priority, if the country satis-
fies any of the criteria at the time of the sub-
mission of the report; and 
‘‘(C) allow the Undersecretary to reduce or 
remove the categorization of the country under 
subsection (b) and remove the identification of 
the country as a weak or failing country. 
‘‘(f) PLANS FOR PRE-CONFLICT STABILIZATION OP-
ERATIONS AND POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION OPER-
ATIONS.—The Assistant Secretary for Contingency Plan-
ning shall require the preparation of plans for pre-conflict 
stabilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction 
operations for each weak or failing country categorized as 
a country of impending risk or a country of immediate 
risk. 
‘‘(g) SPECIAL COORDINATOR FOR COUNTRIES OF IM-
PENDING RISK.— 
‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 15 days 
after the categorization of a weak or failing country
as a country of impending risk, the President shall 
appoint an acting Special Coordinator for each such 
country. 
‘‘(2) FORMALIZATION.—As soon as practicable 
after the appointment of an acting Special Coordi-
nator under paragraph (1), the President shall re-
quest that the acting Special Coordinator be for-
mally appointed as a Special Coordinator. The Spe-
cial Coordinator shall be appointed by and with the 
advice and consent of the Senate, and shall have the 
rank and status of Ambassador-at-Large. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The Special Coordinator for a 
country shall serve as the lead executive branch offi-
cial responsible for coordinating pre-conflict sta-
bilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction 
operations with regard to the country, intended to— 
‘‘(A) prevent the country from satisfying 
any of the criteria specified in subsection 
(a)(1), if the country does not satisfy any of the 
criteria at the time of the appointment; or 
‘‘(B) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria and reduce the likeli-
hood that the country will be considered a na-
tional security priority by the President, if the
country satisfies any of the criteria at the time 
of the appointment. 
‘‘(4) QUALIFICATIONS.—A person appointed as 
a Special Coordinator shall— 
‘‘(A) be a senior member of the Foreign 
Service who possesses expertise with respect to 
the country categorized as a country of impend-
ing risk; or 
‘‘(B) be a member of the Office of Over-
seas Contingencies and Stabilization with exper-
tise in the operations and administration of the 
Office. 
‘‘(5) WAIVER.—The President may waive the 
qualification requirements under paragraph (4) if 
the President determines that the waiver is in the 
national security interests of the United States. 
‘‘(6) SUPPORT.—The Undersecretary shall pro-
vide each Special Coordinator with such staff and 
resources as the Undersecretary considers necessary 
and appropriate to allow the Special Coordinator to 
properly carry out the duties specified in paragraph 
(3). 
‘‘(h) DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS FOR COUNTRIES OF 
IMMEDIATE RISK AND RELATED COUNTRIES.—
‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—Not later than 15 days 
after the categorization of a weak or failing country 
as a country of immediate risk, the President shall 
appoint an acting Director of Operations for each 
such country. 
‘‘(2) FORMALIZATION.—As soon as practicable 
after the appointment of an acting Director of Oper-
ations under paragraph (1), the President shall re-
quest that the acting Director of Operations be for-
mally appointed as a Director of Operations. The 
Director of Operations shall be appointed by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall 
have the rank and status of Ambassador-at-Large. 
‘‘(3) APPOINTMENT OF EMERGENCY ACTING DI-
RECTOR OF OPERATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) EMERGENCY APPOINTMENT FOR RE-
LATED COUNTRIES.—The Undersecretary shall 
appoint an emergency acting Director of Oper-
ations for a country or a weak or failing coun-
try not categorized as a country of immediate 
risk if— 
‘‘(i) the United States undertakes a 
military or non-military intervention oper-
ation in the country; or
‘‘(ii) the Undersecretary determines 
that a military or non-military intervention 
operation is imminent. 
‘‘(B) TIME
FOR
EMERGENCY
APPOINT-
MENT.—The Undersecretary shall appoint the 
emergency acting Director of Operations for a 
country or such weak or failing country— 
‘‘(i) as soon as practicable after the 
initiation of a military or non-military 
intervention operation in the country; or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of a determination 
under subparagraph (A)(ii), as soon as 
practicable after making the determina-
tion, but not later than the first day after 
the initiation of such intervention oper-
ation. 
‘‘(C) NOTIFICATION
TO
CONGRESS.—Not 
later than seven days after the appointment of 
an emergency acting Director of Operations 
under paragraph (3), the Undersecretary shall 
notify the appropriate congressional committees 
of the designation. 
‘‘(D) FORMALIZATION.—As soon as prac-
ticable after the appointment of an emergency 
acting Director of Operations under paragraph
(3), the President shall request that the emer-
gency acting Director of Operations be formally 
appointed as a Director of Operations. 
‘‘(4) DUTIES.—The Director of Operations for 
a country shall serve as the lead executive branch of-
ficial responsible for coordinating pre-conflict sta-
bilization operations and post-conflict reconstruction 
operations with regard to the country, intended to— 
‘‘(A) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria specified in sub-
section (a)(1); and 
‘‘(B) allow the President to remove the 
country from the list of countries the President 
considers to be a national security priority. 
‘‘(5) REGULAR
APPEARANCE
BEFORE
CON-
GRESS.—To the maximum extent practicable, the 
Director of Operations shall appear regularly before 
the appropriate congressional committees to provide 
updates regarding pre-conflict stabilization oper-
ations or post-conflict reconstruction operations, in-
tended to— 
‘‘(A) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria specified in sub-
section (a)(1); and
‘‘(B) allow the President to remove the 
country from the list of countries the President 
considers to be a national security priority. 
‘‘(6) QUALIFICATIONS.—A person appointed as 
a Director of Operations shall— 
‘‘(A) be a senior or former member of the 
Foreign Service who possesses expertise with 
respect to the country; or 
‘‘(B) be a senior or former member of the 
Senior Executive Service who possesses exper-
tise with respect to the country. 
‘‘(7) WAIVER.—The President may waive the 
qualification requirements under paragraph (6) if 
the President determines that the waiver is in the 
national security interests of the United States. 
‘‘(8) SUPPORT.—The Undersecretary shall pro-
vide each Director of Operations with such staff and 
resources as the Undersecretary considers necessary 
and appropriate to allow the Director of Operations 
to properly carry out the duties specified in para-
graph (4). 
‘‘(i) TRANSITIONAL COUNTRIES.— 
‘‘(1) INCREASE IN LEVEL OF RISK.—The Spe-
cial Coordinator for a country of impending risk 
shall assume the title of Director of Operations for
that country if that country is subsequently cat-
egorized as a country of immediate risk. 
‘‘(2) DECREASE IN LEVEL OF RISK.— 
‘‘(A) COUNTRY
OF
IMMEDIATE
RISK
TO 
COUNTRY OF IMPENDING RISK.—The Director 
of Operations for a country of immediate risk 
shall assume the title of Special Coordinator for 
that country if that country is subsequently cat-
egorized as a country of impending risk. 
‘‘(B) COUNTRY
OF
IMMEDIATE
OR
IM-
PENDING RISK TO COUNTRY OF RISK OR NON- 
CATEGORIZED COUNTRY.—The Director of Op-
erations for a country of immediate risk or a 
Special Coordinator for a country of impending 
risk may retain such title if— 
‘‘(i) that country is subsequently cat-
egorized as a country of risk or that coun-
try is subsequently removed from risk cat-
egorization; and 
‘‘(ii) the President determines that re-
tention of the Director of Operations or 
Special Coordinator is in the national secu-
rity interests of the United States. 
‘‘(j) RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT.—If a Special 
Coordinator or a Director of Operations resigns, the Presi-
dent shall, not later than 15 days from the date of such 
resignation, appoint a replacement acting Special Coordi-
nator or replacement acting Director of Operations in ac-
cordance with subsections (g) or (h), as the case may be. 
‘‘(k) EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.—Pursuant to section 
452 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 et seq.), the Undersecretary shall use emergency fi-
nancial assistance furnished from the Department of State 
Emergency Stabilization Operations Support Fund to 
carry out pre-conflict stabilization operations in countries 
of impending risk or countries of immediate risk. 
‘‘(l) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(1) CATEGORIZATION OF COUNTRY.—The Un-
dersecretary may treat as classified information the 
categorization under subsection (b) of a weak or fail-
ing country if the Undersecretary determines that 
such treatment is in the national security interests 
of the United States. 
‘‘(2) EMERGENCY ACTING DIRECTOR OF OPER-
ATIONS.—The Undersecretary may treat as classi-
fied information the appointment under subsection 
(h)(3) of an emergency acting Director of Oper-
ations if the Undersecretary determines that such 
treatment is in the national security interests of the 
United States.
‘‘(3) REPORTS.—Any report required by this 
section may be submitted to the appropriate con-
gressional committees in whole or in part in classi-
fied form. 
‘‘(m) REFERENCE.— 
‘‘(1) SPECIAL COORDINATOR.—Any reference in 
this section to a Special Coordinator includes an act-
ing Special Coordinator. 
‘‘(2) DIRECTOR
OF
OPERATIONS.—Any ref-
erence in this section to a Director of Operations in-
cludes an acting Director of Operations and an 
emergency acting Director of Operations. 
‘‘(n) DEFINITION.—The term ‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’ means the Committee on International 
Relations of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.’’. 
SEC. 103. EMERGENCY STABILIZATION OPERATIONS SUP-
PORT FUND. 
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 
adding after section 451 (22 U.S.C. 2261) the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 452. EMERGENCY STABILIZATION OPERATIONS SUP-
PORT FUND. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND FUNDING.—There is es-
tablished in the Treasury an account to be known as the
‘Department of State Emergency Stabilization Operations 
Support Fund’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Fund’). 
The Fund shall consist of amounts appropriated to the 
Fund. Amounts in the Fund are available without further 
appropriation and until expended to carry out this section. 
‘‘(b) EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE
AND
COORDINA-
TION.—The President, acting through the Undersecretary 
of State for Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization, is 
authorized to use amounts in the Fund to furnish emer-
gency financial assistance to the Office of Overseas Con-
tingencies and Stabilization of the Department of State, 
for use with respect to a country categorized under section 
60 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 
as a country of impending risk or a country of immediate 
risk. 
‘‘(c) USE OF EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FOR PRE- 
CONFLICT STABILIZATION OPERATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) COUNTRY OF IMPENDING RISK.—The Spe-
cial Coordinator for a country of impending risk, ap-
pointed pursuant to section 60(g) of the State De-
partment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, shall use 
the emergency financial assistance furnished under 
subsection (b) to carry out pre-conflict stabilization 
operations with respect to a country of impending 
risk, intended to—
‘‘(A) prevent the country from satisfying 
any of the criteria specified in section 60(a)(1) 
of the State Department Basic Authorities Act 
of 1956, if the country does not satisfy any of 
the criteria at the time of the appointment of 
the Special Coordinator for the country; or 
‘‘(B) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria and reduce the likeli-
hood that the country will be considered a na-
tional security priority by the President, if the 
country satisfies any of the criteria at the time 
of the appointment. 
‘‘(2) COUNTRY OF IMMEDIATE RISK.—The Di-
rector of Operations for a country of immediate risk, 
appointed pursuant to section 60(h) of the State De-
partment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, shall use 
the emergency financial assistance furnished under 
subsection (b) to carry out pre-conflict stabilization 
operations with respect to a country of immediate 
risk, intended to— 
‘‘(A) assist the country to end its satisfac-
tion of any of the criteria specified in section 
60(a)(1) of the State Department Basic Au-
thorities Act of 1956; and
‘‘(B) allow the President to remove the 
country from the list of countries the President 
considers to be a national security priority. 
‘‘(d) REPORT.—The President shall submit to the 
Committee on International Relations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate an annual report covering the previous year 
and containing— 
‘‘(1) an identification of the countries of im-
pending risk and the countries of immediate risk for 
which amounts from the Fund have been expended; 
‘‘(2) a specification of the amounts of emer-
gency financial assistance so expended; 
‘‘(3) an explanation of how or in what manner 
the emergency financial assistance was used; 
‘‘(4) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the 
emergency financial assistance in helping the Office 
of Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization carry 
out the stabilization operations specified in sub-
section (c) with respect to countries of impending 
risk and countries of immediate risk; and 
‘‘(5) such other information as the President 
considers necessary and appropriate. 
‘‘(e) LIMITATION ON USE OF EMERGENCY ASSIST-
ANCE.—Emergency financial assistance made furnished
under this section may not be used for post-conflict recon-
struction operations in any country.’’. 
TITLE II—DEPARTMENT OF 
DEFENSE REFORM 
SEC. 201. REGIONAL JOINT INTERAGENCY TASK FORCES 
FOR POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION OP-
ERATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 6 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 164 the 
following new section: 
‘‘§ 164a. Joint interagency task forces for post-con-
flict reconstruction operations 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—(1) Whenever the com-
mander of a regional combatant command, at the direction 
of the President or Secretary of Defense, begins planning 
for a contingency operation that has been or may be di-
rected by the President or Secretary of Defense, the com-
mander shall establish, within the staff of the combatant 
command, a joint interagency task force to prepare for 
any post-conflict reconstruction operations that may result 
from that contingency operation. 
‘‘(2) Subject to the direction of the President and 
Secretary of Defense, and except as otherwise specified by 
the commander of the command, the head of any task 
force established under paragraph (1) shall be the deputy
commander of the combatant command. If the deputy 
commander is not the head of the task force, the head 
of the task force shall be a general or flag officer on active 
duty who is assigned to the combatant command. 
‘‘(b) FUNCTIONS.—A task force established under 
this section with respect to a contingency operation shall 
assist the combatant commander in planning, before, dur-
ing, and after the combatant command is involved in com-
bat operations, for post-conflict reconstruction operations 
in order to facilitate as smooth a transition as possible 
from the conflict phase to the post-conflict reconstruction 
phase of the operation. 
‘‘(c) AGENCY REPRESENTATIVES.—(1) Whenever the 
commander of a combatant command establishes a task 
force under this section, the commander, subject to such 
procedures as may be established by the Secretary of De-
fense, shall request the heads of the departments and 
agencies specified in paragraph (2) to assign an appro-
priate representative or representatives to the task force. 
Upon receiving such a request, the head of a department 
or agency shall promptly assign a representative or rep-
resentatives to the task force. 
‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) applies to the following: 
‘‘(A) The Department of State, including the 
Office of Overseas Contingencies and Stabilization.
‘‘(B) The Department of Commerce. 
‘‘(C) The Department of the Treasury. 
‘‘(D) The Federal Bureau of Investigation. 
‘‘(E) The Central Intelligence Agency. 
‘‘(F) Any other relevant Government agency, as 
determined by the combatant commander, subject to 
the approval of the Secretary of Defense.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding 
at the end the following new item: 
‘‘164a. Joint interagency task forces for post-conflict reconstruction oper-
ations.’’. 
TITLE III—NATIONAL SECURITY 
COUNCIL REFORM 
SEC. 301. JOINT TASK FORCE FOR STABILIZATION, RECON-
STRUCTION, 
AND 
CONTINGENCY 
OPER-
ATIONS COORDINATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
Executive Office of the President a task force to be known 
as the ‘‘Joint Task Force for Stabilization, Reconstruc-
tion, and Contingency Operations Coordination’’ (in this 
section referred to as the ‘‘Joint Task Force’’). The Joint 
Task Force shall be headed by the Assistant to the Presi-
dent for National Security Affairs or a designee of the 
Assistant.
(b) MISSION.—The mission of the Joint Task Force 
is to ensure proper and complete coordination between 
Federal agencies before, during, and after instances in 
which the United States participates in— 
(1) pre-conflict stabilization operations in a for-
eign country; 
(2) contingency operations, as defined in section 
101(13) of title 10, United States Code, in a foreign 
country; and 
(3) post-conflict reconstruction operations, in a 
foreign country. 
(c) ORGANIZATION.—The Joint Task Force shall be 
comprised of the following: 
(1) DIRECTOR OR ACTING DIRECTOR OF OPER-
ATIONS.—Each Director or Acting Director of Oper-
ations, appointed under section 60 of the State De-
partment Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as added 
by section 102. 
(2) DEPUTY COMMANDER OF THE COMBATANT 
COMMAND.—A deputy commander of the combatant 
command of the joint interagency task force for 
post-conflict reconstruction operations, established 
under section 164a of title 10, United States Code, 
as added by section 201, for each country in which 
such operations are conducted.
(3) ADDITIONAL
OFFICIALS.—Such additional 
officials of the executive branch as the Assistant to 
the President for National Security Affairs or a des-
ignee of the Assistant determines to be appropriate. 
(d) MEETINGS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Joint Task Force shall 
meet as such times and in such places as the Assist-
ant to the President for National Security Affairs or 
a designee of the Assistant directs. 
(2) MANDATORY MEETINGS.—In the case of a 
pre-conflict stabilization operation, a contingency op-
eration, or a post-conflict reconstruction operation, 
the Joint Task Force shall meet as soon as prac-
ticable after the initiation of such operation. 
TITLE IV—MISCELLANEOUS 
PROVISIONS 
SEC. 401. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION. 
(a) NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY.—Nothing in 
this Act shall be construed to encourage or discourage an 
increase or decrease in foreign interventions or military 
or non-military operations by the United States, or to en-
dorse any particular national security strategy or policy. 
(b) AUTHORITY OF THE PRESIDENT.—Nothing in 
this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the 
President to undertake any military or non-military oper-
ation that the President considers necessary to protect the 
national security interests of the United States. 
SEC. 402. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) funds appropriated to carry out the amend-
ments made by this Act should be offset, to the 
greatest extent practicable, by reductions in redun-
dant or duplicative functions and foreign assistance 
programs of the Department of State; and 
(2) increased staff levels required by the 
amendments made by this Act should be offset, to 
the greatest extent practicable, by— 
(A) the transfer of staff within the Depart-
ment of State; and 
(B) the elimination of redundant functions 
of the Department of State that arise as a re-
sult of the amendments made by this Act. 
Æ