IV 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 454 
Raising concern about the constitutional reforms in Mexico. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 29, 2025 
Mr. STANTON (for himself and Ms. SALAZAR) submitted the following 
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Raising concern about the constitutional reforms in Mexico. 
Whereas the United States and Mexico are committed to 
strengthening bilateral and regional cooperation that ben-
efits the people of the United States and Mexico; 
Whereas the United States and Mexico are top trade part-
ners, trading more than $896,000,000,000 worth of 
goods in 2023; 
Whereas 
United 
States 
companies 
directly 
invested 
$130,300,000,000 into Mexico in 2022, and nearly 
5,000,000 United States jobs depend on trade with Mex-
ico; 
Whereas the United States, Mexico, and Canada will partici-
pate in the first review of the United States-Mexico-Can-
ada Agreement (USMCA) in 2026; 
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•HRES 454 IH 
Whereas the Government of Mexico has actively taken steps 
to expropriate assets owned by American companies; 
Whereas former Mexican President Lo´pez Obrador proposed 
constitutional reforms on February 5, 2024, including 
specific proposals to modify the structure of the Mexican 
judiciary, including popular election of judges and jus-
tices; 
Whereas Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has contin-
ued to advance these constitutional reforms; 
Whereas reforms regarding the judicial system became law on 
September 15, 2024; 
Whereas Mexican judicial branch employees, including judges, 
magistrates, and others at the Federal, State, and local 
levels, initiated a widespread and indefinite strike on Au-
gust 21, 2024, in response to judicial reforms; 
Whereas Mexico’s National Association of Circuit and Dis-
trict Judges, the Mexican Bar Association, the United 
Nations Special Rapporteur on the Independence of 
Judges and Lawyers, the United States Chamber of 
Commerce, and thousands of striking Mexican Federal 
court employees and magistrates have voiced concerns 
with the reforms; 
Whereas, under judicial reforms, all Federal judges, including 
Supreme Court Justices, would be directly elected, inde-
pendent oversight of the judiciary would end, and judicial 
qualification standards would be reduced; 
Whereas broader constitutional reforms to— 
(1) eliminate autonomous institutions overseeing so-
cial development policy and education; the energy, hydro-
carbon, and telecommunications industries; and enforce-
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•HRES 454 IH 
ment of antitrust and transparency laws became law on 
December 20, 2024; 
(2) impose a prohibition on genetically modified corn 
became law on March 17, 2025; and 
(3) reduce the size, oversight capacity, and sanctions 
authority of Mexico’s National Electoral Institute will be 
considered in 2025; and 
Whereas secondary legislation to enact such constitutional 
changes presents an ongoing opportunity for change: 
Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) raises concern that the constitutional re-
forms and secondary legislation would have a long- 
term negative impact on Mexico’s democratic institu-
tions, separation of powers, judicial independence 
and transparency, and security, while undermining 
its electoral system, National Guard, and inde-
pendent oversight agencies; 
(2) expresses deep concern that the constitu-
tional reforms and secondary legislation may con-
tradict commitments made in the United States- 
Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement, jeopardizing crit-
ical economic and security interests shared by the 
United States and Mexico and weakening North 
American economic integration; 
(3) underscores that several aspects of the re-
form package undermine United States-Mexico joint 
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•HRES 454 IH 
efforts to strengthen the rule of law, counter orga-
nized crime, and address the scourge of fentanyl and 
human and arms trafficking among broader bilateral 
priorities; and 
(4) reaffirms its commitment to a robust, mu-
tually respectful relationship between the sovereign 
countries of the United States and Mexico. 
Æ 
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