(2) ELEMENTS.—The report under paragraph 
(1) shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of the current and 
emerging threats posed by vehicular terrorism, 
as well as the following: 
(i) An analysis of the methods, tac-
tics, and motivations used by perpetrators 
of vehicular terrorism. 
(ii) An evaluation of domestic and 
international trends in vehicular terrorism. 
(iii) An identification of potential fu-
ture threats related to the misuse of con-
nected or autonomous vehicles, Advanced 
Driver 
Assistance 
System 
(ADAS) 
-equipped vehicles, ride-sharing services, 
and advancements in automotive tech-
nologies, including cybersecurity threats to 
underlying software technologies (including 
artificial intelligence-enabled technologies) 
powering autonomous vehicles. 
(B) A review of higher-risk locations and 
events that may be vulnerable to vehicular ter-
rorism, including the following: 
(i) Critical infrastructure sites such as 
the following: 
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(I) Airports. 
(II) Seaports. 
(III) Federal, State, local, Tribal, 
and territorial government facilities. 
(IV) Power plants. 
(V) Substations. 
(VI) Oil refineries. 
(VII) Public transportation hubs. 
(VIII) Healthcare facilities. 
(ii) Soft-targets and crowded spaces, 
including mass gatherings and widely at-
tended events such as parades, concerts, 
sporting events, political rallies, holiday 
markets, places of worship, authorized pro-
tests, and ceremonial events. 
(iii) High-density urban areas with 
limited physical security measures such as 
pedestrianized city centers, commercial dis-
tricts, residential neighborhoods, public 
parks, recreational areas, educational insti-
tutions, and tourist destinations. 
(C) A comprehensive summary of actions 
taken by the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity, the Transportation Security Administra-
tion, and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure 
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Security Agency to research measures that pre-
vent, deter, and respond to vehicular terrorism, 
including the following: 
(i) The identification and coordination 
with State, local, Tribal, and territorial 
governments and industry partners for the 
strategic placement of physical barriers, 
bollards, and other protective infrastruc-
ture at higher-risk locations. 
(ii) The research, testing, and deploy-
ment of geofencing, surveillance systems, 
cybersecurity measures, and other tech-
nologies designed to monitor, restrict, and 
manage vehicle access to such higher-risk 
locations. 
(iii) The creation of real-time response 
strategies and operational plans to neu-
tralize vehicular terrorism, including ongo-
ing research into best practices for threat 
detection, 
incident 
management, 
and 
threat containment. 
(D) An evaluation of the Department’s en-
gagement with private and public sector stake-
holders to address risks of vehicular terrorism, 
including the following: 
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(i) Collaboration with vehicle rental 
companies, ride-sharing platforms, vendors 
of connected, autonomous, and ADAS 
technologies, freight operators, and auto-
motive manufacturers. 
(ii) Development of industry-specific 
best practices to prevent the misuse of ve-
hicles. 
(iii) Protocols for sharing threat intel-
ligence and security guidance with private 
sector partners. 
(E) A description of the Department’s co-
ordination efforts with Federal, State, local, 
Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies 
to prevent vehicular terrorism, including the fol-
lowing: 
(i) Mechanisms for sharing threat in-
telligence and situational awareness. 
(ii) Guidance provided to such law en-
forcement agencies regarding implementing 
countermeasures, such as traffic control 
measures and rapid vehicle containment 
protocols. 
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(iii) Joint exercises and training pro-
grams to enhance interagency prepared-
ness and response. 
(iv) Efforts to equip law enforcement, 
first responders, and private sector part-
ners with the knowledge and skills to rec-
ognize and respond to vehicular terrorism, 
including the development of specialized 
curricula addressing emerging threats, 
such as connected or autonomous vehicles 
and other advanced technologies. 
(v) Outreach efforts to ensure that 
smaller jurisdictions have access to nec-
essary training resources and public safety 
awareness tools. 
(F) Recommendations for the research, de-
velopment, and deployment of technologies to 
detect, deter, and mitigate vehicular terrorism, 
including the following: 
(i) Vehicle immobilization systems and 
remote disablement technologies. 
(ii) Predictive analytics and threat de-
tection software that incorporate artificial 
intelligence and machine learning algo-
rithms to identify and flag in real time 
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anomalous or suspicious vehicle behavior, 
as well as associated technologies to dis-
able or divert a vehicle before it becomes a 
threat. 
(iii) Innovations in cybersecurity to 
prevent the hacking or misuse of con-
nected, autonomous, or ADAS-equipped ve-
hicles. 
(G) A description of the Department’s en-
gagement with privacy, civil rights, and civil lib-
erties stakeholders to ensure all counter-
measures and technologies, including artificial- 
intelligence and machine learning algorithms, 
deployed to prevent vehicular terrorism are im-
plemented in a manner that respects individual 
rights and freedoms. 
(H) A review of the Department’s public 
awareness initiatives focused on the following: 
(i) Educating the public on recog-
nizing suspicious vehicle-related behavior 
and reporting potential threats. 
(ii) Building trust and fostering col-
laboration between communities and law 
enforcement agencies. 
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