H. R. 4346—99 
‘‘(B) user facilities; and 
‘‘(C)(i) institutions in a State receiving funding under 
the 
Established 
Program 
to 
Stimulate 
Competitive 
Research established under section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)); 
‘‘(ii) historically Black colleges or universities; 
‘‘(iii) minority-serving institutions of higher education; 
or 
‘‘(iv) institutions of higher education in a rural area. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS.—The Director shall 
coordinate the program established under subsection (a) with all 
other programs carried out by the Office of Science of the Depart-
ment. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH EQUIPMENT
AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 
COORDINATION.—The Director shall encourage coordination among 
the Office of Science, the National Laboratories, the Office of Tech-
nology Transitions, and relevant academic and private sector enti-
ties 
to 
identify, 
disseminate, 
and 
commercialize 
research 
instruments, equipment, and related technologies developed to aid 
basic science research discoveries that meet the mission of the 
Department. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$150,000,000 for each of fiscals years 2023 through 2027. 
‘‘SEC. 317. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out the activities described in this title— 
‘‘(1) $8,902,392,400 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $9,541,895,744 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $10,068,198,994 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $10,468,916,520 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $10,831,342,317 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—Section 1(b) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act is amended in the table of 
contents by inserting after the item relating to section 309 the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development. 
‘‘Sec. 311. Isotope research, development, and production. 
‘‘Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists. 
‘‘Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 314. Helium conservation program. 
‘‘Sec. 315. Office of Science Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 316. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program. 
‘‘Sec. 317. Authorization of appropriations.’’. 
SEC. 10113. ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COMPETITIVE 
RESEARCH. 
(a) RESEARCH AREAS.—Section 2203(b)(3)(E) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(E)) is amended— 
(1) in the subparagraph heading, by striking ‘‘IN AREAS 
OF APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 
AND BASIC SCIENCE’’; 
(2) in clause (i)— 
(A) in subclause (I), by inserting ‘‘nuclear energy,’’ 
before ‘‘and’’; and 
(B) by striking subclause (V) and inserting the fol-
lowing:
H. R. 4346—100 
‘‘(V) scientific research, including— 
‘‘(aa) 
advanced 
scientific 
computing 
research; 
‘‘(bb) basic energy sciences; 
‘‘(cc) 
biological 
and 
environmental 
research; 
‘‘(dd) fusion energy sciences; 
‘‘(ee) high energy physics; 
‘‘(ff) nuclear physics; 
‘‘(gg) isotope research, development, and 
production; 
‘‘(hh) accelerator research, development, 
and production; and 
‘‘(ii) other areas of research funded by the 
Office of Science, as determined by the Sec-
retary.’’; and 
(3) in clause (ii)— 
(A) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘graduate’’ and 
inserting ‘‘undergraduate scholarships, graduate fellow-
ships, and’’; 
(B) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting 
‘‘and staff;’’; 
(C) in subclause (IV)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘biennial’’ and inserting ‘‘annual’’; 
and 
(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(V) to develop research clusters for particular 
areas of expertise; and 
‘‘(VI) to diversify the future workforce.’’. 
(b) RESEARCH CAPABILITY ENHANCEMENT.—Section 2203(b)(3) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended 
by striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(F) RESEARCH CAPABILITY ENHANCEMENT.— 
‘‘(i) SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to subparagraph 
(E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to institu-
tions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions 
for those institutions of higher education to provide 
scholarships and fellowships. 
‘‘(II) GRANT.—A scholarship or fellowship 
awarded by an institution of higher education in 
an eligible jurisdiction using a grant provided 
under subclause (I)— 
‘‘(aa) in the case of an undergraduate 
scholarship— 
‘‘(AA) shall be for a period of 1 year; 
and 
‘‘(BB) may be competitively renewable 
on an annual basis; and 
‘‘(bb) in the case of a graduate level fellow-
ship, shall be for a period of not more than 
5 years. 
‘‘(ii) EARLY CAREER CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to subparagraph 
(E)(ii), the Secretary shall award grants to early
H. R. 4346—101 
career faculty and staff at institutions of higher 
education in eligible jurisdictions— 
‘‘(aa) 
to 
support 
investigator-initiated 
research, including associated research equip-
ment and instrumentation; 
‘‘(bb) to support activities associated with 
identifying 
and 
responding 
to 
funding 
opportunities; 
‘‘(cc) to secure technical assistance for the 
pursuit of funding opportunities; and 
‘‘(dd) to develop and enhance collaboration 
among National Laboratories, Department of 
Energy programs, the private sector, and other 
relevant entities. 
‘‘(II) GRANTS.—A grant awarded under sub-
clause (I) shall be— 
‘‘(aa) for a period of not more than 5 years; 
and 
‘‘(bb) competitively renewable for an addi-
tional 5-year period. 
‘‘(iii) RESEARCH CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to subparagraph 
(E)(ii), the Secretary shall award competitive 
grants to institutions of higher education in 
eligible jurisdictions for research capacity develop-
ment and implementation, including— 
‘‘(aa) developing expertise in key tech-
nology areas, including associated equipment 
and instrumentation; 
‘‘(bb) developing and acquiring novel, 
state-of-the-art instruments and equipment 
that 
range 
in 
cost 
from 
$500,000 
to 
$20,000,000; 
‘‘(cc) 
enhancing 
collaboration 
with 
National Laboratories, the Department of 
Energy, and the private sector through faculty 
or staff placement programs; and 
‘‘(dd) supporting formal partnership pro-
grams with institutions of higher education 
and National Laboratories. 
‘‘(II) GRANTS.—A grant awarded under sub-
clause (I) shall be— 
‘‘(aa) for a period of not more than 5 years; 
and 
‘‘(bb) renewable for an additional 5-year 
period. 
‘‘(III) EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION.—To 
the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 
shall 
ensure 
that 
research 
equipment 
and 
instrumentation developed or acquired pursuant 
to a grant awarded under subclause (I) may sus-
tain continued operation and be maintained with-
out the need for additional or subsequent funding 
under this section.’’. 
(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE.—Section 2203(b)(3)(G) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(G)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
H. R. 4346—102 
‘‘(iii) UPDATE.—Not later than 270 days after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(I) update the plan submitted under clause 
(i); and 
‘‘(II) submit the updated plan to the commit-
tees described in that clause.’’. 
(d) PROGRAM EVALUATION REPORT.—Section 2203(b)(3)(H) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(H)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iv) ANNUAL REPORT.—At the end of each fiscal 
year, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee 
on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee 
on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the House of Representatives a 
report that includes— 
‘‘(I) the total amount of expenditures made 
by the Department to carry out EPSCoR in each 
eligible jurisdiction for each of the 3 most recent 
fiscal years for which such information is available; 
‘‘(II)(aa) the number of EPSCoR awards made 
to institutions of higher education located in 
eligible jurisdictions; and 
‘‘(bb) the amount and type of each award; 
‘‘(III) the number of awards that are not 
EPSCoR awards made by the Secretary to institu-
tions of higher education located in eligible juris-
dictions; 
‘‘(IV)(aa) the number of representatives of 
institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdic-
tions serving on each Office of Science advisory 
committee; and 
‘‘(bb) for each such advisory committee, the 
percentage of committee membership that those 
individuals constitute; and 
‘‘(V) the number of individuals from institu-
tions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions 
serving on peer review committees.’’. 
(e) FUNDING.—Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 
1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(I) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(i) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
to carry out EPSCoR, to remain available until 
expended— 
‘‘(I) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(II) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(III) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(IV) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(V) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(ii) GRANTS
TO
CONSORTIA.—In the case of an 
EPSCoR grant awarded to a consortium that contains 
institutions of higher education that are not located 
in eligible jurisdictions, the Secretary may count—
H. R. 4346—103 
‘‘(I) the full amount of funds expended to pro-
vide the grant towards meeting the funding 
requirement in clause (iii) if the lead entity of 
the consortium is an institution of higher education 
located in an eligible jurisdiction; and 
‘‘(II) only the funds provided to institutions 
of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions 
towards meeting the funding requirement in clause 
(iii) if the lead entity of the consortium is an 
institution of higher education that is not located 
in an eligible jurisdiction. 
‘‘(iii) ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR ELIGIBLE JURISDIC-
TIONS.—In addition to funds authorized to be appro-
priated under clause (i), the Secretary, to the maximum 
extent practicable while maintaining the competitive, 
merit-based award processes of the Office of Science, 
shall ensure that, of the research and development 
funds of the Office of Science that are awarded by 
the Secretary each year to institutions of higher edu-
cation, not less than 10 percent is awarded to institu-
tions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions pursu-
ant to the evaluation and selection criteria in section 
605.10 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
successor regulations). 
‘‘(iv) ADDITIONAL
FUNDS
FOR
EQUIPMENT
AND 
INSTRUMENTATION.—In addition to funds authorized to 
be appropriated under clause (i), there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to award grants 
under subparagraph (F)(iii)(I) for the purpose described 
in item (bb) of that subparagraph $25,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, to remain available 
until expended. 
‘‘(v) ACCOUNTING.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the Secretary shall ensure that each program 
within the Department of Energy that endorses an 
EPSCoR grant awardee shall contribute funding to 
the award to acknowledge the research benefits to 
the mission of that program.’’. 
(f) ADVISORY COMMITTEES TO THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In order 
to improve the advice and guidance provided to the Office of Science, 
the Undersecretary for Science shall seek to ensure, to the max-
imum extent practicable, the robust participation of institutions 
of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) located in eligible jurisdictions 
(as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 
1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))) on the Office of Science Federal 
Advisory Committee. 
(g) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—Section 2203(b) of the Energy 
Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘(1) The Secretary’’ and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) UNIVERSITY RESEARCH REACTORS.—The Secretary’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘(2) The Secretary’’ and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(2) METHOD TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION 
PROGRAMS.—The Secretary’’.
H. R. 4346—104 
SEC. 10114. RESEARCH SECURITY. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COUNTRY OF RISK.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘country of risk’’ means 
a foreign country determined by the Secretary, in accord-
ance with subparagraph (B), to present a risk of theft 
of United States intellectual property or a threat to the 
national security of the United States if nationals of the 
country, or entities owned or controlled by the country 
or nationals of the country, participate in any research, 
development, 
demonstration, 
or 
deployment 
activity 
authorized under this division or division A or an amend-
ment made by this division or division A. 
(B) DETERMINATION.—In making a determination 
under subparagraph (A), the Secretary, in coordination 
with the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counter-
intelligence, shall take into consideration— 
(i) the most recent World Wide Threat Assessment 
of the United States Intelligence Community, prepared 
by the Director of National Intelligence; and 
(ii) the most recent National Counterintelligence 
Strategy of the United States. 
(2) COVERED SUPPORT.—The term ‘‘covered support’’ means 
any grant, contract, subcontract, award, loan, program, support, 
or other activity authorized under this division or division 
A, or an amendment made by this division or division A. 
(3) ENTITY
OF
CONCERN.—The term ‘‘entity of concern’’ 
means any entity, including a national, that is— 
(A) identified under section 1237(b) of the Strom 
Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 1999 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; Public Law 105–261); 
(B) identified under section 1260H of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116– 
283); 
(C) on the Entity List maintained by the Bureau of 
Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce 
and set forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of title 
15, Code of Federal Regulations; 
(D) included in the list required by section 9(b)(3) 
of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public 
Law 116–145; 134 Stat. 656); or 
(E) identified by the Secretary, in coordination with 
the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Counterintel-
ligence and the applicable office that would provide, or 
is providing, covered support, as posing an unmanageable 
threat— 
(i) to the national security of the United States; 
or 
(ii) of theft or loss of United States intellectual 
property. 
(4) NATIONAL.—The term ‘‘national’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of Energy. 
(b) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RISK ASSESSMENT.—
H. R. 4346—105 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop and maintain 
tools and processes to manage and mitigate research security 
risks, such as a science and technology risk matrix, informed 
by threats identified by the Director of the Office of Intelligence 
and Counterintelligence, to facilitate determinations of the risk 
of loss of United States intellectual property or threat to the 
national security of the United States posed by activities carried 
out under any covered support. 
(2) CONTENT
AND
IMPLEMENTATION.—In developing and 
using the tools and processes developed under paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall— 
(A) deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating, 
awarding, and managing certain research, development, 
demonstration, and deployment activities, including des-
ignations that will indicate the relative risk of activities; 
(B) assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing high- 
risk activities; 
(C) designate an officer or employee of the Department 
of Energy to be responsible for tracking and notifying 
recipients of any covered support of unmanageable threats 
to United States national security or of theft or loss of 
United States intellectual property posed by an entity of 
concern; 
(D) consider requiring recipients of covered support 
to implement additional research security mitigations for 
higher-risk activities if appropriate; and 
(E) support the development of research security 
training for recipients of covered support on the risks posed 
by entities of concern. 
(3) ANNUAL UPDATES.—The tools and processes developed 
under paragraph (1) shall be evaluated annually and updated 
as needed, with threat-informed input from the Office of Intel-
ligence and Counterintelligence, to reflect changes in the risk 
designation under paragraph (2)(A) of research, development, 
demonstration, and deployment activities conducted by the 
Department. 
(c) ENTITY OF CONCERN.— 
(1) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
no entity of concern, or individual that owns or controls, is 
owned or controlled by, or is under common ownership or 
control with an entity of concern, may receive, or perform 
work under, any covered support. 
(2) WAIVER OF PROHIBITION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may waive the prohibi-
tion under paragraph (1) if determined by the Secretary 
to be in the national interest. 
(B) NOTIFICATION
TO
CONGRESS.—Not less than 2 
weeks prior to issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), 
the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives of the intent to issue the waiver, including a justifica-
tion for the waiver. 
(3) PENALTY.— 
(A) TERMINATION OF SUPPORT.—On finding that any 
entity of concern or individual described in paragraph (1) 
has received covered support and has not received a waiver
H. R. 4346—106 
under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall terminate all cov-
ered support to that entity of concern or individual, as 
applicable. 
(B) PENALTIES.—An entity of concern or individual 
identified under subparagraph (A) shall be— 
(i) prohibited from receiving or participating in 
covered support for a period of not less than 1 year 
but not more than 10 years, as determined by the 
Secretary; or 
(ii) instead of the penalty described in clause (i), 
subject to any other penalties authorized under 
applicable law or regulations that the Secretary deter-
mines to be in the national interest. 
(C) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Prior to imposing a 
penalty under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall notify 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives of the intent to 
impose the penalty, including a description of and justifica-
tion for the penalty. 
(4) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall— 
(A) share information about the unmanageable threats 
described in subsection (a)(3)(E) with other Federal agen-
cies; and 
(B) develop consistent approaches to identifying enti-
ties of concern. 
(d) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS.—This section shall be applied 
in a manner consistent with the obligations of the United States 
under international agreements. 
(e) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 240 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress 
a report that— 
(1) describes— 
(A) the tools and processes developed under subsection 
(b)(1) and any updates to those tools and processes; and 
(B) if applicable, the science and technology risk matrix 
developed under that subsection and how that matrix has 
been applied; 
(2) includes a mitigation plan for managing risks posed 
by countries of risk with respect to future or ongoing research 
and development activities of the Department of Energy; and 
(3) defines critical research areas, designated by risk, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
TITLE 
II—NATIONAL 
INSTITUTE 
OF 
STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 
THE FUTURE 
SEC. 10201. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 
(2) ENROLLMENT OF NEEDY STUDENTS.—The term ‘‘enroll-
ment of needy students’’ has the meaning given the term in
H. R. 4346—107 
section 312(d) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1058(d)). 
(3) FRAMEWORK.—The term ‘‘Framework’’ means the 
Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity 
developed by the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology and referred to in Executive Order No. 13800 issued 
on May 11, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391 et seq.). 
(4) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Institute’’ means the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology. 
(5) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION.—The term 
‘‘international standards organization’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 451 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 
(19 U.S.C. 2571). 
(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of Commerce. 
Subtitle A—Authorization of 
Appropriations 
SEC. 10211. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) FISCAL YEAR 2023.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Commerce $1,551,450,000 for the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2023. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized by 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) $979,100,000 is authorized for scientific and tech-
nical research and services laboratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, 
and Major Repairs; and 
(C) $372,350,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
services activities, of which $275,300,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 278l) (of which $31,000,000 is 
authorized to establish the National Supply Chain Data-
base under section 10253) and $97,050,000 is authorized 
to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
under section 34 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2024.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Commerce $1,651,600,000 for the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2024. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized by 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,047,600,000 is authorized for scientific and tech-
nical research and services laboratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, 
and Major Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and
H. R. 4346—108 
(C) $404,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
services activities, of which $300,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is 
authorized to maintain, update, and support Federal 
coordination of State supply chain databases maintained 
by the Centers (as such term is defined in such section 
25 of such Act)) and $104,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Manufacturing USA Program under section 
34 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(c) FISCAL YEAR 2025.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Commerce $2,039,900,000 for the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2025. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized by 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,120,900,000 is authorized for scientific and tech-
nical research and services laboratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, 
and Major Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and 
(C) $719,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is 
authorized to maintain, update, and support Federal 
coordination of State supply chain databases maintained 
by the Centers (as such term is defined in such section 
25 of such Act)) and $169,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Manufacturing USA Program under section 
34 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(d) FISCAL YEAR 2026.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Commerce $2,158,400,000 for the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2026. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized by 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,199,400,000 is authorized for scientific and tech-
nical research and services laboratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, 
and Major Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and 
(C) $759,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15
H. R. 4346—110 
(2) support activities to inform and expand the development 
of measurements infrastructure needed to develop technical 
standards to establish interoperability and facilitate commercial 
development of biomolecular measurement technology and 
engineering biology applications; 
(3) convene industry, institutions of higher education, non-
profit organizations, Federal laboratories, and other Federal 
agencies engaged in engineering biology research and develop-
ment to develop coordinated technical roadmaps for authori-
tative measurement of the molecular components of the cell; 
(4) provide access to user facilities with advanced or unique 
equipment, services, materials, and other resources to industry, 
institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, and 
government agencies to perform research and testing; 
(5) establish or expand collaborative partnerships or con-
sortia with other Federal agencies engaged in engineering 
biology research and development, institutions of higher edu-
cation, 
Federal 
laboratories, 
and 
industry 
to 
advance 
engineering biology applications; and 
(6) support graduate and postgraduate research and 
training in biometrology, biomanufacturing, and engineering 
biology. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section may be 
construed to alter the policies, processes, or practices of individual 
Federal agencies in effect on the day before the date of the enact-
ment of this Act relating to the conduct or support of biomedical 
research and advanced development, including the solicitation and 
review of extramural research proposals. 
(c) CONTROLS.—In carrying out activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary shall ensure proper security controls are 
in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate. 
SEC. 10222. GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT RESEARCH. 
(a) IN
GENERAL.—The Director, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director 
of the National Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and 
the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry 
out a measurement research program to inform the development 
or improvement of best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, proce-
dures, and technical standards for the measurement of greenhouse 
gas emissions and to assess and improve the performance of green-
house gas emissions measurement systems placed in situ and on 
space-based platforms. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out such a program, the Director 
may— 
(1) conduct research and testing to improve the accuracy, 
efficacy, and reliability of the measurement of greenhouse gas 
emissions at a range of scales that covers direct measurement 
at the component or process level through atmospheric observa-
tions; 
(2) conduct research to create novel measurement tech-
nologies and techniques for the measurement of greenhouse 
gas emissions; 
(3) convene and engage with relevant Federal agencies 
and 
stakeholders 
to 
establish 
common 
definitions 
and
H. R. 4346—111 
characterizations for the measurement of greenhouse gas emis-
sions, taking into account any existing United States and inter-
national technical standards and guidance; 
(4) conduct outreach and coordination to share technical 
expertise with relevant industry and nonindustry stakeholders 
and standards development organizations to— 
(A) assist such entities in the development and adop-
tion of best practices and technical standards for green-
house gas emissions measurements; and 
(B) promote consistency and traceability in inter-
national reference standards and central calibration labora-
tories; 
(5) in coordination with the Administrator of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Secretary 
of Energy, develop such standard reference materials as the 
Director determines is necessary to further the development 
of such technical standards, taking into account any existing 
United States or international standards; 
(6) coordinate with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration to ensure data are managed, stewarded, and 
archived at all levels and promote full and open exchange 
at Federal and State levels, and with academia, industry, and 
other users; and 
(7) coordinate with international partners, including inter-
national standards organizations, to maintain global green-
house gas measurement technical standards. 
(c) TESTBEDS.—In coordination with the private sector, institu-
tions of higher education, State and local governments, the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental 
Protection Agency, the Department of Energy, and other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, the Director may continue to develop 
and manage testbeds to advance research and standards develop-
ment for greenhouse gas emissions measurements from in situ 
and space-based platforms. 
(d) CENTER FOR GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENTS, STANDARDS, 
AND INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in collaboration with the 
Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as appro-
priate, shall establish a Center for Greenhouse Gas Measure-
ments, Standards, and Information (in this subsection referred 
to as the ‘‘Center’’). 
(2) COLLABORATIONS.—The Director shall require that the 
activities of the Center include collaboration among public and 
private organizations, including institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, private sector entities, and 
State, Tribal, territorial, and local officials. 
(3) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center shall be to— 
(A) advance measurement science, data analytics, and 
modeling at a range of scales that covers direct measure-
ment and estimation at the component or process level 
through atmospheric observations and at the analysis level 
to improve the accuracy of spatially and temporally
H. R. 4346—112 
resolved greenhouse gas emissions measurement, valida-
tion, and attribution to specific underlying activities and 
processes; 
(B) test and evaluate the performance of existing 
capabilities, and inform and improve best practices, bench-
marks, methodologies, procedures, and technical standards, 
for the measurement and validation of greenhouse gas 
emissions at scales noted in subparagraph (A); 
(C) educate and train students in measurement science, 
computational science, and systems engineering research 
relevant to greenhouse gas emissions measurements; 
(D) foster collaboration among academic researchers, 
private sector stakeholders, and State, Tribal, territorial, 
and local officials in the use of Institute testbeds as 
described in subsection (c); 
(E) conduct activities with research institutions, 
industry partners, and State and local officials to identify 
research, testing, and technical standards needs relevant 
to greenhouse gas emissions; and 
(F) collaborate with other Federal agencies to conduct 
outreach and coordination to share and promote technical 
data, tools, and expertise with relevant public and private 
sector stakeholders, including State, Tribal, territorial, and 
local officials, to assist such in the accurate measurement 
of greenhouse gas emissions. 
SEC. 10223. NIST AUTHORITY FOR CYBERSECURITY AND PRIVACY 
ACTIVITIES. 
Subsection (c) of section 2 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (16), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting a semicolon; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (16) through (27) as para-
graphs (21) through (32), respectively; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the following: 
‘‘(16) support information security measures for the 
development and lifecycle of software and the software supply 
chain, including development of voluntary, consensus-based 
technical standards, best practices, frameworks, methodologies, 
procedures, processes, and software engineering toolkits and 
configurations; 
‘‘(17) support information security measures, including vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best practices, 
and guidelines, for the design, adoption, and deployment of 
cloud computing services; 
‘‘(18) support research, development, and practical applica-
tion to improve the usability of cybersecurity processes and 
technologies; 
‘‘(19) facilitate and support the development of a voluntary, 
consensus-based set of technical standards, guidelines, best 
practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes to improve 
privacy protections in systems, technologies, and processes used 
by both the public and private sector; 
‘‘(20) support privacy measures, including voluntary, con-
sensus-based technical standards, best practices, guidelines, 
metrology, and testbeds for the design, adoption, and deploy-
ment of privacy enhancing technologies;’’.
H. R. 4346—113 
SEC. 10224. SOFTWARE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION. 
(a) VULNERABILITIES IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE.—The Director 
shall assign severity metrics to identified vulnerabilities with open 
source software and produce voluntary guidance to assist the enti-
ties that maintain open source software repositories to discover 
and mitigate vulnerabilities. 
(b) 
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED
DEFENSES.—The 
Director shall carry out research and testing to improve the 
effectiveness 
of 
artificial 
intelligence-enabled 
cybersecurity, 
including by generating optimized data sets to train artificial intel-
ligence defense systems and evaluating the performance of varying 
network architectures at strengthening network security. 
(c) AUTHENTICATION
OF INSTITUTE SOFTWARE.—The Director 
shall ensure all software released by the Institute is digitally signed 
and maintained to enable stakeholders to verify its authenticity 
and integrity upon installation and execution. 
(d) ASSISTANCE TO INSPECTORS GENERAL.—Subject to available 
funding, the Director shall provide technical assistance to improve 
the education and training of individual Federal agency Inspectors 
General and staff who are responsible for the annual independent 
evaluation they are required to perform of the information security 
program and practices of Federal agencies under section 3555 of 
title 44, United States Code. 
(e) SOFTWARE SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY PRACTICES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall, in coordination with 
industry, academia, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
develop a set of security outcomes and practices, including 
security controls, control enhancements, supplemental guid-
ance, or other supporting information to enable software devel-
opers and operators to identify, assess, and manage cybersecu-
rity risks over the full lifecycle of software products. 
(2) OUTREACH.—The Director shall conduct outreach and 
coordination activities to share technical expertise with Federal 
agencies, relevant industry stakeholders, and standards 
development organizations, as appropriate, to encourage the 
voluntary adoption of the software lifecycle security practices 
by Federal agencies and industry stakeholders. 
SEC. 10225. DIGITAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH. 
Section 504 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 
(15 U.S.C. 7464) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a program of 
research to support the development of voluntary, consensus-based 
technical standards, best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, 
metrology, testbeds, and conformance criteria for identity manage-
ment, taking into account appropriate user concerns to— 
‘‘(1) improve interoperability and portability among identity 
management technologies; 
‘‘(2) strengthen identity proofing and verification methods 
used in identity management systems commensurate with the 
level of risk, including identity and attribute validation services 
provided by Federal, State, and local governments; 
‘‘(3) improve privacy protection in identity management 
systems; and