(A) addresses a requirement in the area of 
cybersecurity research or cybersecurity tech-
nology, as determined by the Secretary; and 
(B) is a joint venture between— 
(i)(I) a for-profit business entity, aca-
demic institution, National Laboratory (as 
defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)), or non-
profit entity in the United States; and 
(II) a for-profit business entity, aca-
demic institution, or nonprofit entity in 
Israel; or 
(ii)(I) the Federal Government; and 
(II) the Government of Israel. 
(4) APPLICATIONS.—To be eligible to receive a 
grant under this subsection, an applicant shall sub-
mit to the Secretary an application for such grant 
in accordance with procedures established by the 
Secretary, in consultation with the advisory board 
established under paragraph (5). 
(5) ADVISORY BOARD.— 
(A) 
ESTABLISHMENT.—The 
Secretary 
shall establish an advisory board to— 
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(i) monitor the method by which 
grants are awarded under this subsection; 
and 
(ii) provide to the Secretary periodic 
performance reviews of actions taken to 
carry out this subsection. 
(B) COMPOSITION.—The advisory board 
established under subparagraph (A) shall be 
composed of three members, to be appointed by 
the Secretary, of whom— 
(i) one shall be a representative of the 
Federal Government; 
(ii) one shall be selected from a list of 
nominees provided by the United States- 
Israel Binational Science Foundation; and 
(iii) one shall be selected from a list 
of nominees provided by the United States- 
Israel Binational Industrial Research and 
Development Foundation. 
(6) CONTRIBUTED
FUNDS.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, the Secretary may accept 
or retain funds contributed by any person, govern-
ment entity, or organization for purposes of carrying 
out this subsection. Such funds shall be available, 
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subject to appropriation, without fiscal year limita-
tion. 
(7) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of completion of a project for which a grant 
is provided under this subsection, the grant recipient 
shall submit to the Secretary a report that con-
tains— 
(A) a description of how the grant funds 
were used by the recipient; and 
(B) an evaluation of the level of success of 
each project funded by the grant. 
(8) CLASSIFICATION.—Grants shall be awarded 
under this subsection only for projects that are con-
sidered to be unclassified by both the United States 
and Israel. 
(b) TERMINATION.—The grant program and the ad-
visory board established under this section terminate on 
the date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
(c) NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED.—No addi-
tional funds are authorized to carry out the requirements 
of this section. Such requirements shall be carried out 
using amounts otherwise authorized. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
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(1) the term ‘‘cybersecurity research’’ means re-
search, including social science research, into ways 
to identify, protect against, detect, respond to, and 
recover from cybersecurity threats; 
(2) the term ‘‘cybersecurity technology’’ means 
technology intended to identify, protect against, de-
tect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity 
threats; 
(3) the term ‘‘cybersecurity threat’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 102 of the Cy-
bersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (en-
acted as title I of the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 (di-
vision N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2016 (Public Law 114–113))); 
(4) the term ‘‘Department’’ means the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security; and 
(5) the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of Homeland Security. 
SEC. 202. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL SPACE COOPERATION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— 
(1) authorized in 1958, the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration (NASA) supports 
and coordinates United States Government research 
in aeronautics, human exploration and operations, 
science, and space technology; 
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(2) established in 1983, the Israel Space Agen-
cy (ISA) supports the growth of Israel’s space indus-
try by supporting academic research, technological 
innovation, and educational activities; 
(3) the mutual interest of the United States 
and Israel in space exploration affords both nations 
an opportunity to leverage their unique abilities to 
advance scientific discovery; 
(4) in 1996, NASA and the ISA entered into 
their first agreement outlining areas of mutual co-
operation, which remained in force until 2005; 
(5) since 1996, NASA and the ISA have suc-
cessfully cooperated on many space programs sup-
porting the Global Positioning System and research 
related to the sun, earth science, and the environ-
ment; 
(6) the bond between NASA and the ISA was 
permanently forged on February 1, 2003, with the 
loss of the crew of STS–107 including Israeli Astro-
naut Ilan Ramon; 
(7) the United States-Israel Strategic Partner-
ship Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–296) designated 
Israel as a Major Strategic Partner of the United 
States; and 
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(8) on October 13, 2015, the United States and 
Israel signed the Framework Agreement between the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration of 
the United States of America and the Israel Space 
Agency for Cooperation in Aeronautics and the Ex-
ploration and Use of Airspace and Outer Space for 
Peaceful Purposes. 
(b) CONTINUING COOPERATION.—The Administrator 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
shall continue to work with the Israel Space Agency to 
identify and cooperatively pursue peaceful space explo-
ration and science initiatives in areas of mutual interest, 
taking all appropriate measures to protect sensitive infor-
mation, intellectual property, trade secrets, and economic 
interests of the United States. 
SEC. 203. UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 
DEVELOPMENT—ISRAEL 
ENHANCED 
CO-
OPERATION. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It should be the policy 
of the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment to cooperate with Israel in order to advance common 
goals across a wide variety of sectors, including energy, 
agriculture and food security, democracy, human rights 
and governance, economic growth and trade, education, 
environment, global health and water and sanitation. 
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(b) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—The Ad-
ministrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development is authorized to enter into memoranda of un-
derstanding with Israel in order to advance common goals 
on energy, agriculture and food security, democracy, 
human rights and governance, economic growth and trade, 
education, environment, global health and water sanitation 
with a focus on strengthening mutual ties and cooperation 
with nations throughout the world. 
SEC. 204. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE 
PROJECT 
AGREEMENT 
WITH 
ISRAEL 
TO 
COUNTER 
UNMANNED 
AERIAL 
VEHICLES 
THAT THREATEN THE UNITED STATES OR 
ISRAEL. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) On February 10, 2018, Iran launched an 
unmanned aerial vehicle (commonly known as a 
‘‘drone’’) from Syria that penetrated Israeli air-
space. 
(2) Israeli officials noted that the unmanned 
aerial vehicle was in Israeli airspace for a minute 
and a half before being shot down by the Israeli air 
force. 
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(3) Senior Israeli officials stated that the un-
manned aerial vehicle was an advanced piece of tech-
nology. 
(4) It remains unclear whether the unmanned 
aerial vehicle was armed. Nonetheless, the launch, 
and sophistication of the unmanned aerial vehicle, 
highlight the threat Israel faces from unmanned aer-
ial vehicles from Iranian forces active in Syria and 
from Hezbollah in Lebanon. 
(5) The United States likewise faces the threat 
of unmanned aerial vehicles along the United States 
border and in areas of active hostilities, including 
unmanned aerial vehicles of the Islamic State of 
Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria and un-
manned aerial vehicles manufactured of al-Qaeda in 
Afghanistan. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) joint research and development to counter 
unmanned aerial vehicles will serve the national se-
curity interests of the United States and Israel; 
(2) Israel faces urgent and emerging threats 
from unmanned aerial vehicles and other unmanned 
aerial 
vehicles, 
launched 
from 
Lebanon 
by 
Hezbollah, from Syria by forces of Iran’s Revolu-
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tionary Guard Corps, or from others seeking to at-
tack Israel; and 
(3) the United States and Israel should con-
tinue to work together to defend against all threats 
to the safety, security, and national interests of both 
countries. 
(c) AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized 
to enter into a cooperative project agreement with 
Israel under the authority of section 27 of the Arms 
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) to carry out 
research on and development, testing, evaluation, 
and joint production (including follow-on support) of 
defense articles and defense services to detect, track, 
and destroy unmanned aerial vehicles that threaten 
the United States or Israel. 
(2) APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS.—The cooper-
ative project agreement described in paragraph 
(1)— 
(A) shall provide that any activities carried 
out pursuant to the agreement are subject to— 
(i) the applicable requirements de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) 
of section 27(b)(2) of the Arms Export 
Control Act; and 
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(ii) any other applicable requirements 
of the Arms Export Control Act with re-
spect to the use, transfers, and security of 
such defense articles and defense services 
under that Act; and 
(B) shall establish a framework to nego-
tiate the rights to intellectual property devel-
oped under the agreement. 
TITLE III—ENSURING ISRAEL’S 
QUALITATIVE MILITARY EDGE 
SEC. 301. IMPROVED REPORTING ON ENHANCING ISRAEL’S 
QUALTITATIVE MILITARY EDGE AND SECU-
RITY POSTURE. 
Section 36(h)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2776(h)(2)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) an assessment of— 
‘‘(i) the ability of Israel to effectively 
defend itself against military threats from 
regional non-state actors; 
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‘‘(ii) the risk that is posed by the sale 
or export of a subsequent unauthorized 
transfer or proliferation of the equipment 
for use against Israel; 
‘‘(iii) the range of cyber and asym-
metric threats posed to Israel by state and 
non-state actors; 
‘‘(iv) the range of threats posed to 
Israel by state and non-state actors 
through the use of unmanned vehicles and 
systems, through air, land or water; and 
‘‘(v) the effective countermeasures 
available to Israel to defend against the 
risks and threats described in clauses (ii) 
through (iv).’’. 
SEC. 302. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to ensure that 
Israel maintains its ability to counter and defeat any cred-
ible conventional military or emerging threat from any in-
dividual state or possible coalition of states or from non- 
state actors, while sustaining minimal damages and cas-
ualties, through the use of superior military means, pos-
sessed in sufficient quantity, including weapons, com-
mand, control, communication, intelligence, surveillance, 
and reconnaissance capabilities that in their technical 
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characteristics are superior in capability to those of such 
other individual or possible coalition states or non-state 
actors. 
Æ 
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