171 
termines provide similar services to such consumer report-
ing agencies) that includes current contact information of 
each such agency, including the Internet website address 
of the Internet website described under section 611(g), 
and information on how consumers can obtain their con-
sumer report, credit scores, or educational credit scores 
(as applicable) by toll-free telephone, postal mail, or elec-
tronic means. 
‘‘(b) REGISTRY REQUIREMENTS.—The registry de-
scribed in subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) identify the largest agencies and the mar-
kets and demographics covered by such agencies; 
and 
‘‘(2) disclose, with respect to each agency, 
whether the agency is subject to the supervisory au-
thority of the Bureau under this title. 
‘‘(c) INFORMATION
UPDATES.—Each agency de-
scribed under subsection (a) shall submit to the Bureau 
contact information for the registry, including any updates 
to such information. The Bureau shall— 
‘‘(1) independently verify information submitted 
by each agency; and 
‘‘(2) update the registry not less frequently 
than annually.’’; and 
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(2) in the table of contents for such Act, by in-
serting after the item relating to section 633 (as 
added by section 704) the following new item: 
‘‘634. Nationwide consumer reporting agencies registry.’’. 
TITLE VIII—EXPANDING ACCESS 
TO TOOLS TO PROTECT VUL-
NERABLE CONSUMERS FROM 
IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, OR 
A RELATED CRIME, AND PRO-
TECT 
VICTIMS 
FROM 
FUR-
THER HARM 
SEC. 801. IDENTITY THEFT REPORT DEFINITION. 
Paragraph (4) of section 603(q) of the Fair Credit 
Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a(q)(4)) is amended to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(4) IDENTITY
THEFT
REPORT.—The term 
‘identity theft report’ has the meaning given that 
term by rule of the Bureau, and means, at a min-
imum, a report— 
‘‘(A) that is a standardized affidavit that 
alleges that a consumer has been a victim of 
identity theft, fraud, or a related crime, or has 
been harmed by the unauthorized disclosure of 
the consumer’s financial or personally identifi-
able information, that was developed and made 
available by the Bureau; or 
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‘‘(B)(i) that alleges an identity theft, 
fraud, or a related crime, or alleges harm from 
the unauthorized disclosure of the consumer’s 
financial or personally identifiable information; 
‘‘(ii) that is a copy of an official, valid re-
port filed by a consumer with an appropriate 
Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency, 
including the United States Postal Inspection 
Service, or such other government agency 
deemed appropriate by the Bureau; and 
‘‘(iii) the filing of which subjects the per-
son filing the report to criminal penalties relat-
ing to the filing of false information if, in fact, 
the information in the report is false.’’. 
SEC. 802. CREDIT FREEZE DEFINITION. 
Section 603(q) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681a(q)(4)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) CREDIT FREEZE.—The term ‘credit freeze’ 
means a restriction placed at the request of a con-
sumer or a personal representative of the consumer, 
on the consumer report of the consumer, that pro-
hibits a consumer reporting agency described in sec-
tion 603(p) from releasing the consumer report for 
a purpose relating to the extension of credit without 
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the express authorization of the consumer. A credit 
freeze shall not apply to the use of a consumer re-
port by any of the following: 
‘‘(A) A person, or the person’s subsidiary, 
affiliate, agent, subcontractor, or assignee with 
whom the consumer has, or prior to assignment 
had, an account, contract, or debtor-creditor re-
lationship for the purposes of reviewing the ac-
tive account or collecting the financial obliga-
tion owed on the account, contract, or debt. 
‘‘(B) A person, or the person’s subsidiary, 
affiliate, agent, subcontractor, or assignee, to 
whom access has been granted pursuant to a 
request by the consumer described under sec-
tion 605A(i)(1)(B), for purposes of facilitating 
the extension of credit or other permissible use. 
‘‘(C) Any person acting pursuant to a 
court order, warrant, or subpoena. 
‘‘(D) A Federal, State, or local govern-
ment, or an agent or assignee thereof. 
‘‘(E) Any person for the sole purpose of 
providing a credit monitoring or identity theft 
protection service to which the consumer has 
subscribed. 
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‘‘(F) Any person for the purpose of pro-
viding a consumer with a copy of the consumer 
report, credit score, or educational credit score 
of the consumer upon the consumer’s request. 
‘‘(G) Any person or entity for insurance 
purposes, including use in setting or adjusting 
a rate, adjusting a claim, or underwriting. 
‘‘(H) Any person acting pursuant to an au-
thorization from a consumer to use their con-
sumer report for employment purposes.’’. 
SEC. 803. ENHANCES FRAUD ALERT PROTECTIONS. 
Section 605A of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681c–1) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘ONE-CALL’’ and inserting ‘‘ONE-YEAR’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by strik-
ing ‘‘INITIAL ALERTS’’ and inserting ‘‘IN 
GENERAL’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘or harmed by the 
unauthorized disclosure of the consumer’s 
financial or personally identifiable informa-
tion,’’ after ‘‘identity theft,’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (A)— 
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(I) by striking ‘‘90 days’’ and in-
serting ‘‘1 year’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(iv) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘1-year’’ before 
‘‘fraud alert’’; and 
(II) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(v) by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) upon the expiration of the 1-year pe-
riod described in subparagraph (A) or a subse-
quent 1-year period, and in response to a direct 
request by the consumer or such representative, 
continue the fraud alert for a period of 1 addi-
tional year if the information asserted in this 
paragraph remains applicable.’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by in-
serting ‘‘AND
CREDIT
OR
EDUCATIONAL 
CREDIT SCORES’’ after ‘‘REPORTS’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘1-year’’ before 
‘‘fraud alert’’; 
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(iii) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
‘‘and credit score or educational credit 
score’’ after ‘‘file’’; and 
(iv) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘any request described in subparagraph 
(A)’’ and inserting ‘‘the consumer report-
ing agency includes the 1-year fraud alert 
in the file of a consumer’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘EXTENDED’’ and inserting ‘‘SEVEN-YEAR’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘5-year period be-
ginning on the date of such request’’ 
and inserting ‘‘such 7-year period’’; 
and 
(II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (C)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘extended’’ and 
inserting ‘‘7-year’’; and 
(II) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
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‘‘(D) upon the expiration of such 7-year 
period or a subsequent 7-year period, and in re-
sponse to a direct request by the consumer or 
such representative, continue the fraud alert for 
a period of 7 additional years if the consumer 
or such representative submits an updated iden-
tity theft report.’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by in-
serting ‘‘AND
CREDIT
OR
EDUCATIONAL 
CREDIT SCORES’’ after ‘‘REPORTS’’; and 
(ii) by amending subparagraph (A) to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(A) disclose to the consumer that the con-
sumer may request a free copy of the file and 
credit score or educational credit score of the 
consumer pursuant to section 612(d) during 
each 12-month period beginning on the date on 
which the 7-year fraud alert was included in the 
file and ending on the date of the last day that 
the 7-year fraud alert applies to the consumer’s 
file; and’’; 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘or edu-
cational credit score’’ after ‘‘credit score’’; 
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(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), 
and (3), as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), 
respectively (and conforming the margins ac-
cordingly); 
(C) by striking ‘‘Upon the direct request’’ 
and inserting 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the direct request’’; 
and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) ACCESS TO FREE REPORTS AND CREDIT 
OR EDUCATIONAL CREDIT SCORES.—If a consumer 
reporting agency includes an active duty alert in the 
file of an active duty military consumer, the con-
sumer reporting agency shall— 
‘‘(A) disclose to the active duty military 
consumer that the active duty military con-
sumer may request a free copy of the file and 
credit score or educational credit score of the 
active duty military consumer pursuant to sec-
tion 612(d), during each 12-month period be-
ginning on the date that the activity duty mili-
tary alert is requested and ending on the date 
of the last day the active duty alert applies to 
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the file of the active duty military consumer; 
and 
‘‘(B) provide to the active duty military 
consumer all disclosures required to be made 
under section 609, without charge to the con-
sumer, not later than 3 business days after any 
request described in subparagraph (A).’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (d) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(d) PROCEDURES.—Each consumer reporting agen-
cy described in section 603(p) shall establish and make 
available to the public on the agency’s Internet website 
policies and procedures to comply with this section, includ-
ing policies and procedures— 
‘‘(1) that inform consumers of the availability 
of 1-year fraud alerts, 7-year fraud alerts, active 
duty alerts, and credit freezes (as applicable); 
‘‘(2) that allow consumers to request 1-year 
fraud alerts, 7-year fraud alerts, and active duty 
alerts (as applicable) and to place, temporarily lift, 
or fully remove a credit freeze in a simple and easy 
manner; and 
‘‘(3) for asserting in good faith a suspicion that 
the consumer has been or is about to become a vic-
tim of identity theft, fraud, or a related crime, or 
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harmed by the unauthorized disclosure of the con-
sumer’s financial or personally identifiable informa-
tion, for a consumer seeking a 1-year fraud alert or 
credit freeze.’’; 
(5) in subsection (e), by inserting ‘‘1-year or 7- 
year’’ before ‘‘fraud alert’’; 
(6) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘or active duty 
alert’’ and inserting ‘‘active duty alert, or credit 
freeze (as applicable)’’; 
(7) in subsection (g)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘or has been harmed by 
the unauthorized disclosure of the consumer’s 
financial or personally identifiable information, 
or to inform such agency of the consumer’s par-
ticipation in credit restoration or rehabilitation 
under section 605C, 605D, or 605E,’’ after 
‘‘identity theft,’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘or credit freezes’’ after 
‘‘request alerts’’; and 
(8) in subsection (h)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by strik-
ing ‘‘INITIAL’’ and inserting ‘‘1-YEAR’’; and 
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(ii) by striking ‘‘initial’’ and inserting 
‘‘1-year’’ each place such term appears; 
and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by strik-
ing ‘‘EXTENDED’’ and inserting ‘‘7-YEAR’’; 
and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘extended’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘7-year’’ each place such term appears. 
SEC. 804. ENHANCES ACCESS TO CREDIT FREEZES, LIMITS 
THE COST OF SUCH FREEZES, AND PROVIDES 
ACCESS TO FREE CREDIT FREEZES FOR VUL-
NERABLE CONSUMERS. 
Section 605A of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681c–1) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(i) CREDIT FREEZES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the direct request of 
a consumer, or individual acting on behalf of or as 
a personal representative of a consumer, a consumer 
reporting agency described in section 603(p) that 
maintains a file on the consumer and has received 
appropriate proof of the identity of the requester (as 
described in section 1022.123 of title 12, Code of 
Federal Regulations) shall— 
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‘‘(A) place a credit freeze on the file of the 
consumer not later than 1 business day after 
receiving such request sent by postal mail, toll- 
free telephone, or secure electronic means as es-
tablished by the agency and— 
‘‘(i) not later than 5 business days 
after placing the credit freeze, provide the 
consumer with written confirmation of the 
credit freeze and a unique personal identi-
fication number or password (other than 
the consumer’s social security number) for 
use to authorize the release of the con-
sumer’s report for a specific period of 
time; and 
‘‘(ii) disclose all relevant information 
to the consumer relating to the procedures 
for temporarily lifting and fully removing a 
credit freeze, including a statement about 
the maximum amount of time given to an 
agency to conduct such actions; 
‘‘(B) for a consumer who provides a cor-
rect personal identification number or pass-
word, temporarily lift an existing credit freeze 
from the consumer’s file for a period of time 
specified by the consumer for a specific user or 
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category of users, as determined by the con-
sumer— 
‘‘(i) not later than 1 business day 
after receiving the request by postal mail; 
or 
‘‘(ii) not later than 15 minutes after 
receiving the request by toll-free telephone 
number or secure electronic means estab-
lished by the agency, if such request is re-
ceived during regular business hours, ex-
cept if the consumer reporting agency’s 
ability to temporarily lift the credit freeze 
is prevented by— 
‘‘(I) an act of God, including 
earthquakes, hurricanes, storms, or 
similar 
natural 
disaster 
or 
phe-
nomenon, or fire; 
‘‘(II) unauthorized or illegal acts 
by a third party including terrorism, 
sabotage, riot, vandalism, labor strikes 
or disputes disrupting operations, or a 
similar occurrence; 
‘‘(III) an operational interrup-
tion, including electrical failure, unan-
ticipated delay in equipment or re-
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placement part delivery, computer 
hardware or software failures inhib-
iting response time, or a similar dis-
ruption; 
‘‘(IV) governmental action, in-
cluding emergency orders or regula-
tions, judicial or law enforcement ac-
tion, or a similar directive; 
‘‘(V) regularly scheduled mainte-
nance or updates to the consumer re-
porting agency’s systems occurring 
outside of normal business hours; or 
‘‘(VI) commercially reasonable 
maintenance of, or repair to, the con-
sumer reporting agency’s systems that 
is unexpected or unscheduled; or 
‘‘(C) for a consumer who provides a cor-
rect personal identification number or pass-
word, fully remove an existing credit freeze 
from the file of the consumer not later than 1 
business day after receiving such request by 
postal mail, toll-free telephone, or secure elec-
tronic means established by the agency. 
‘‘(2) FEES.— 
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‘‘(A) CLASSES OF CONSUMERS.—The Bu-
reau may establish classes of consumers eligible 
to place, temporarily lift, or fully remove a 
credit freeze free of charge. 
‘‘(B) NO
FEE.—A consumer reporting 
agency described in section 603(p) may not 
charge a consumer a fee to place, temporarily 
lift, or fully remove a credit freeze if the con-
sumer or a representative of the consumer— 
‘‘(i) asserts in good faith a suspicion 
that the consumer has been or is about to 
become a victim of identity theft, fraud, or 
a related crime, or harmed by the unau-
thorized disclosure of the consumer’s fi-
nancial or personally identifiable informa-
tion; 
‘‘(ii) is an active duty military con-
sumer; 
‘‘(iii) is 65 years of age or older; or 
‘‘(iv) is a member of a class estab-
lished by the Bureau under subparagraph 
(A). 
‘‘(C) LIMITATION
ON
FEES.—For con-
sumers not described in subparagraph (B), a 
consumer reporting agency may charge not 
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more than $3 (as adjusted by the Bureau on 
January 1st of each year, based proportionally 
on changes in the Consumer Price Index for All 
Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of 
Labor and Statistics of the Department of 
Labor, with fractional changes rounded to the 
nearest 50 cents) for each request by a con-
sumer or a representative of the consumer to 
place, temporarily lift, or fully remove a credit 
freeze. 
‘‘(3) ACCESS TO FREE REPORTS AND CREDIT 
OR EDUCATIONAL CREDIT SCORES.—If a consumer 
reporting agency includes a credit freeze in the file 
of a consumer described in paragraph (2)(A), the 
consumer reporting agency shall— 
‘‘(A) disclose to the consumer that the con-
sumer may request a free copy of the file and 
credit score or educational credit score of the 
consumer pursuant to section 612(d) on an an-
nual basis beginning on the date the freeze is 
placed and ending on the date that is 12 
months after the freeze is fully removed; and 
‘‘(B) provide to the consumer all disclo-
sures required to be made under section 609, 
without charge to the consumer, not later than 
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3 business days after any request described in 
paragraph (1) is made. 
‘‘(4) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—During the pe-
riod beginning on the date a consumer or a rep-
resentative of the consumer requests to place a cred-
it freeze and ending the date on which the consumer 
or representative requests to fully remove a credit 
freeze, a consumer reporting agency shall exclude 
the consumer from any list of consumers prepared 
by the consumer reporting agency and provided to 
any third party to offer credit or insurance to the 
consumer as part of a transaction that was not initi-
ated by the consumer, unless the consumer or such 
representative requests that such exclusion be re-
scinded before end of such period. 
‘‘(5) NOTICE
TO
CONSUMERS
REGARDING 
CHANGES TO CERTAIN PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE 
INFORMATION.—A consumer reporting agency may 
not change the name, date of birth, social security 
number, or address of a consumer in the file of the 
consumer during the period that a credit freeze is in 
place unless the consumer reporting agency sends a 
written confirmation of the change to the consumer 
within 30 days of the change being posted to the 
consumer’s file. Written confirmation shall not be 
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required for technical modifications of a consumer’s 
personally identifiable information including name 
and street abbreviations, complete spellings, or 
transposition of numbers or letters. In the case of an 
address change of the consumer, any written con-
firmation shall be sent to the new address and 
former address of the consumer. 
‘‘(6) NONAPPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN PUBLIC 
RECORD INFORMATION.—A credit freeze placed on 
the file of a consumer shall not prohibit a consumer 
reporting agency from disclosing public record infor-
mation lawfully obtained by, or for, the consumer re-
porting agency from an open public record. 
‘‘(7) RELATION
TO
STATE
LAW.—This sub-
section does not annul, alter, or affect in any man-
ner the meaning, scope or applicability of the laws 
of any State relating to credit freezes or other simi-
lar actions, except to the extent those laws are in-
consistent with any provision of this title, and then 
only to the extent of the inconsistency. For purposes 
of this subsection, a term or provision of a State law 
is not inconsistent with the provisions of this sub-
section if the term or provision affords greater pro-
tection and benefit to the consumer than the protec-
tion and benefit provided under this subsection as 
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determined by the Bureau, on its own motion or 
upon the petition of any interested party.’’. 
SEC. 805. REQUIRES DISCLOSURE OF CONSUMER RIGHTS 
RELATED TO CREDIT FREEZES. 
(a) SUMMARY
OF RIGHTS RELATED
TO CREDIT 
FREEZES.—Section 609(c)(1) of the Fair Credit Report-
ing Act (15 U.S.C. 1681g(c)(1)), as amended by section 
105(d)(1)(C)(iv), is further amended by adding at the end 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) SUMMARY OF RIGHTS RELATED TO 
CREDIT FREEZES.—The Bureau shall publish, 
and consumer reporting agencies described 
under section 603(p) shall distribute to con-
sumers, the following notice: 
‘‘ ‘CREDIT FREEZES. 
‘‘ ‘Consumers have the right to obtain a credit freeze 
under Federal law from any of the nationwide consumer 
reporting agencies. You have a right to place a credit 
freeze on your consumer report, which will prohibit a con-
sumer reporting agency from releasing information in your 
consumer report without your express authorization. A 
credit freeze may be requested in writing by mail, by toll- 
free telephone, or by electronic means as provided by a 
consumer reporting agency. A credit freeze is designed to 
prevent credit, loans, and services from being approved in 
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your name without your consent. If you are actively seek-
ing a new credit, loan, utility, telephone, or insurance ac-
count, you should understand that the procedures involved 
in lifting a credit freeze may slow your applications for 
such accounts and you should plan ahead and lift a freeze 
in advance of actually applying for any of these type of 
accounts. When you place a credit freeze on your con-
sumer report, you will be provided a personal identification 
number or password to use if you choose to fully remove 
the freeze on your consumer report or temporarily author-
ize the release of your consumer report for a period of 
time after the freeze is in place to a specific party or par-
ties. To provide that authorization you must contact each 
consumer reporting agency individually and provide your 
personal identification number or password, proper identi-
fication to verify your identity, and the period of time for 
which you would like the report to be available. A con-
sumer reporting agency must authorize the release of your 
consumer report no later than 15 minutes after receiving 
the above information if the request is by toll-free tele-
phone, or secure electronic means, and no later than one 
business day when a written request is submitted by mail. 
A credit freeze does not apply to a person or entity, or 
its affiliates or collection agencies acting on behalf of the 
person or entity, with which you have an existing account, 
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that requests information in your consumer report for the 
purposes of reviewing or collecting the account. Reviewing 
the account includes activities related to account mainte-
nance. Unless you suspect you have been or are about to 
become a victim of identity theft, fraud, a related crime, 
or harmed by the unauthorized disclosure of your financial 
or personally identifiable information, are an active duty 
military servicemember, are 65 years of age or older, or 
as otherwise identified as an eligible consumer by the Bu-
reau of Consumer Financial Protection, a consumer re-
porting agency has the right to charge you a fee of no 
more than $3 dollars each time you place, temporarily lift, 
or fully remove a credit freeze. However, if you reside in 
a State that provides greater protections with respect to 
the circumstances, method, or frequency for obtaining a 
credit freeze than is available under the Federal law, those 
State protections and benefits will apply to you.’.’’. 
(b) CLARIFICATION OF INFORMATION TO BE IN-
CLUDED
WITH
AGENCY
DISCLOSURES.—Section 
609(c)(2) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 1681g(c)(2)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (B)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘consumer reporting agen-
cy described in section 603(p)’’ and inserting 
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‘‘consumer reporting agency described in sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘the agency’’ and inserting 
‘‘such an agency’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘and an Internet website 
address’’ after ‘‘hours’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘outdated 
under section 605 or’’ and inserting ‘‘outdated, re-
quired to be removed, or’’. 
SEC. 806. PROVIDES ACCESS TO FRAUD RECORDS FOR VIC-
TIMS. 
Section 609(e) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681g(e)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘resulting from identity 
theft’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘claim of identity theft’’ 
and inserting ‘‘claim of fraudulent activity’’; 
and 
(C) by striking ‘‘any transaction alleged to 
be a result of identity theft’’ and inserting ‘‘any 
fraudulent transaction’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)(B)— 
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