period of not less than 60 days, update 
each approved or promulgated test method 
described in this section to add as many of 
the pollutants described in subsection 
(c)(3) as practicable; and 
(ii) otherwise strengthen the test 
methods described in clause (i) to support 
effective hazardous air pollutant measure-
ment and the full implementation of this 
Act. 
(B) NEW TEST METHODS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall, after public 
notice and a public comment period of not 
less than 60 days, approve or promulgate, 
as applicable, any new test methods that 
are necessary to ensure effective fenceline 
monitoring of all pollutants and sources 
described in this section, including— 
(I) at least 1 method that rep-
resents the best and most accurate 
form of continuous, real-time fenceline 
monitoring based on the best available 
science; and 
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(II) at least 1 method that rep-
resents the best and most accurate 
form of multimetal monitoring based 
on the best available science. 
(ii) UPDATES
REQUIRED.—Not less 
frequently than once every 6 years, the Ad-
ministrator shall review and, if necessary, 
after public notice and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, strengthen 
or add new test methods that meet the re-
quirements under clause (i), which shall be 
based on— 
(I) the best available monitoring 
technologies that improve the quality 
or quantity of information provided 
by, or improve the precision or other 
type of scientific reliability of, a meth-
od; and 
(II) the advice of staff of the Of-
fice of Enforcement and Compliance, 
staff of the Office of Research and 
Development, regional or other staff 
within the Environmental Protection 
Agency responsible for, and with ex-
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pertise on, the enforcement of this 
Act, and other monitoring experts. 
(4) OFFICE
OF
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Administrator shall act through the As-
sistant Administrator for Research and Develop-
ment, and in coordination with the Assistant Admin-
istrator for Air and Radiation, to carry out this sub-
section. 
(e) MONITOR PLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, 
after public notice and a public comment period of 
not less than 60 days with respect to monitor place-
ment and maintenance plans, place and maintain, or 
ensure placement and regular maintenance of, all 
monitors required under this section to ensure effec-
tive and reliable emissions measurement pursuant to 
this section. 
(2) MAINTENANCE CHECK.—The maintenance 
required under paragraph (1) shall include a mainte-
nance check of the monitor not less frequently than 
once every 180 days, unless— 
(A) the test method used by the monitor 
requires a maintenance check more frequently; 
or 
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(B) a maintenance check is requested by a 
member of the public. 
(3) PUBLIC INPUT.—The Administrator shall, 
after public notice and a public comment period of 
not less than 60 days, create a process, including an 
accessible online resource or website, for the pub-
lic— 
(A) to track the maintenance of monitors 
under this subsection; and 
(B) to request a maintenance check of a 
monitor. 
(f) REPORT.—Not later than 6 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once 
every 6 years thereafter, the Administrator shall submit 
to Congress and post publicly on the website of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency a report describing the re-
sults of the program carried out under subsection (a)(1), 
which shall include— 
(1) the results of emissions measurement imple-
mented under that program; 
(2) any actions of the Administrator taken 
based on that emissions measurement data or pro-
gram; and 
(3) whether the Administrator proposes— 
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(A) to continue emissions measurements at 
any or all of the stationary sources on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1); or 
(B) to implement emissions measurements 
of any additional stationary sources as deter-
mined under subsection (g). 
(g) 
DETERMINATION
REGARDING
ADDITIONAL 
SOURCES.—Not later than 6 years after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 
6 years thereafter, the Administrator shall— 
(1) after public notice and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, make a determina-
tion of whether to add or remove sources to the list 
published under subsection (c)(1)— 
(A) to ensure compliance of those sta-
tionary sources with existing emission stand-
ards under section 112 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7412); 
(B) to prevent and detect accidental re-
leases; 
(C) to protect the health of the commu-
nities, including children and other vulnerable 
populations, most exposed to the emissions of 
hazardous air pollutants from such stationary 
sources to the maximum extent practicable; or 
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(D) to ensure the 100 highest-priority 
sources or facilities, based on the best available 
science and the most current data on health 
risks and impacts (including the most current 
research on children’s health), have emissions 
measurement systems in place for pollutants re-
quired to be monitored under this section; and 
(2) publish a determination under paragraph 
(1) in the Federal Register. 
(h) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit 
to Congress and make publicly available online a report 
that— 
(1) describes the staffing that is available, nec-
essary, and planned to carry out this section; and 
(2) demonstrates how the Administrator intends 
to carry out the duties and requirements of this sec-
tion without impact or delay on any other duty or 
responsibility of the Administrator. 
(i) NO
EXEMPTION
AUTHORITY.—No exemption 
from compliance with any standard or limitation under 
this section may be issued pursuant to section 112(i)(4) 
of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(i)(4)) to any sta-
tionary source. 
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(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$146,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 and 
2027. 
SEC. 4. COMMUNITY AIR TOXICS MONITORING. 
(a) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall pro-
mulgate regulations pursuant to authority provided by the 
Clean Air Act, which may include section 103, subsections 
(d), (f), and (r) of section 112, section 113, and section 
114 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7403, 7412, 7413, 7414), for 
each source category described in subsection (b), that— 
(1) require all sources in the source category to 
implement, not later than 1 year after the promulga-
tion of the regulations, the best available form of 
emissions measurement, including continuous emis-
sions monitoring and fenceline monitoring, to ensure 
compliance with the emission standards for haz-
ardous air pollutants; 
(2) for facilities in the source category that are 
required to submit risk management plans under 
section 
112(r)(7) 
of 
that 
Act 
(42 
U.S.C. 
7412(r)(7)), require each facility to implement— 
(A) continuous, real-time monitoring to 
provide for effective emergency response and 
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provide information to prevent future releases; 
and 
(B) 
emissions 
measurement, 
including 
fenceline monitoring, to provide for effective 
emergency response and provide information to 
prevent future releases; 
(3) subject to subsection (e)— 
(A) establish a corrective action level at 
the fenceline for at least the top 5 hazardous 
air pollutants that drive the cancer, chronic 
noncancer, or acute risk for the source cat-
egory; and 
(B) require corrective action for the release 
of any quantity of a substance listed pursuant 
to section 112(r)(3) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 
7412(r)(3)); 
(4) if any applicable corrective action level 
under paragraph (3)(A) is exceeded, require— 
(A) a root cause analysis and preventive 
action report; 
(B) full remedial action, including imple-
mentation of all control technologies, practices, 
processes, operational improvements, or other 
measures necessary to resolve the exceedance 
and protect the most exposed or most vulner-
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able individuals potentially affected by the ex-
ceedance (including children) and to make best 
efforts to prevent the exceedance from recur-
ring, based on and applying input from the 
most affected individuals and communities; and 
(C) a public report that— 
(i) describes— 
(I) the results of the root cause 
analysis and preventive action report 
under subparagraph (A); and 
(II) the remedial actions taken 
under subparagraph (B); and 
(ii) certifies that a violation of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) has 
occurred; and 
(5) treat any requirement imposed by the regu-
lations under this section as a requirement under 
section 112 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412) 
that is enforceable under section 113 of that Act (42 
U.S.C. 7413). 
(b) SOURCE CATEGORIES.—The source categories de-
scribed in this subsection include— 
(1) each category or subcategory of major 
sources or area sources that— 
(A) contains— 
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(i) at least 1 of the stationary sources 
of hazardous air pollutants that are on the 
list published under section 3(c); 
(ii) major sources or area sources 
identified in the most recent National 
Emissions Inventory of the Environmental 
Protection Agency as emitting a pollutant 
described in section 3(c)(3); 
(iii) 
petroleum, 
chemical, 
petro-
chemical, 
or 
plastics 
manufacturing 
sources, marine vessel loading operations, 
or other sources that are classified in 1 or 
more of North American Industry Classi-
fication System codes 322, 324, 325, 326, 
331, 332, 339, 424, and 562; or 
(iv) any other major source or area 
source of fugitive hazardous air pollutant 
emissions for which the Environmental 
Protection Agency is subject to a court-or-
dered or statutory deadline, engaged in a 
reconsideration proceeding, or subject to a 
court remand (or is likely within the 2-year 
period beginning on the date of enactment 
of this Act to become subject to such an 
obligation or action) to review and deter-
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mine whether to revise the emissions 
standards that apply to that source cat-
egory; or 
(B) contains any stationary source that— 
(i) is regulated under paragraph (7) 
of section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7412(r)); and 
(ii) has had an accidental release or 
incident that is required to be reported 
during the previous 5-year period under 
that section and the regulations thereunder 
that were in effect as of January 1, 2025; 
and 
(2) any other source category for which the Ad-
ministrator determines that requiring fenceline mon-
itoring is likely to benefit public health or welfare, 
including children’s health, based on the best avail-
able science. 
(c) DETERMINATION OF BEST AVAILABLE FORM OF 
MONITORING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in con-
sultation with the Office of Air and Radiation, the 
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, 
the Office of Environmental Justice and External 
Civil Rights, the Office of Children’s Health, and the 
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Office of Research and Development, shall, for pur-
poses of the regulations promulgated pursuant to 
subsection (a)— 
(A) determine the best available form of 
emissions measurement, including continuous 
emissions monitoring and fenceline monitoring; 
and 
(B) ensure the methods required under the 
regulations are at least as stringent as the most 
current Environmental Protection Agency-ap-
proved or promulgated emission test or moni-
toring method, including Method 325A, Method 
325B, Method 327, and Method TO–15A. 
(2) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1)(B), the Administrator shall ensure that 1 or 
more of the methods described in or promulgated 
under section 3 or subsection (d) (including 
multimetal monitoring) is included in the regulations 
promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) if that 
method is the best available method for 1 or more 
of the pollutants for which monitoring is required 
under this section. 
(d) METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—For all stationary sources in 
the source categories described in subsection (b), as 
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the best available fenceline monitoring method for 
those source categories, the Administrator may, in 
the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 
(a)— 
(A) require application, implementation, or 
employment of optical remote sensing tech-
nology to provide real-time measurements of air 
pollutant concentrations along an open-path; or 
(B) provide an explanation of why applica-
tion, implementation, or employment of 1 or 
more of the technologies described in subpara-
graph (A) is not necessary— 
(i) to ensure compliance with the 
emission standards established under the 
regulations promulgated pursuant to sub-
section (d), (f), or (r) of section 112 of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412), as appli-
cable; or 
(ii) to protect the public health, to 
prevent accidental releases, or to provide 
for effective emergency response. 
(2) MULTIPLE-SOURCE
OR
FACILITY
COM-
PLEXES.— 
(A) DEFINITION OF MULTIPLE-SOURCE OR 
FACILITY
COMPLEX.—In this paragraph, the 
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term ‘‘multiple-source or facility complex’’ 
means 1 or more stationary sources co-located 
at the same site. 
(B) MULTIPLE-SOURCE OR FACILITY COM-
PLEX MONITORING.—In the regulations promul-
gated pursuant to subsection (a), the Adminis-
trator shall ensure that the best available form 
of monitoring for a multiple-source or facility 
complex that contains not less than 2 stationary 
sources in 1 or more of North American Indus-
try Classification System codes 324, 325, and 
326, or a related chemical or petrochemical sec-
tor, is at least a combination of— 
(i) real-time, open-path monitoring; 
and 
(ii) Method 325A, Method 325B, and 
Method 327, as applicable depending on 
the types of emissions to be measured. 
(C) REQUIREMENT.—In carrying out sub-
paragraph (B), the Administrator shall consider 
whether any other multiple-source or facility 
complexes should be required to employ the 
combined monitoring methods described in that 
subparagraph. 
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(e) HEALTH PRIORITY APPROACH.—In promulgating 
the corrective action level for each of the hazardous air 
pollutants described in subsection (a)(3)(A), the Adminis-
trator shall— 
(1) consider the best available science, including 
applying the most health-protective approach pos-
sible and applying a precautionary approach to ac-
count for uncertainty; 
(2) ensure that the owner or operator of the 
source or facility reduces the emissions of the source 
or facility to prevent harm if the measured con-
centration at the fenceline would, or is likely to— 
(A) increase harm to public health or safe-
ty (including through an increased health risk 
to any individual, including a child); or 
(B) reach a level that may result in short- 
term, long-term, or chronic human exposure to 
air pollution (including any exposure that be-
gins in utero, infancy, childhood, or adoles-
cence) that increases the risk of— 
(i) health harms resulting from odors, 
irritation, sensitizing effects, or any com-
bination of those harms; 
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(ii) a chronic condition (including 
neurodevelopmental) or disease (including 
cancer and other illnesses); or 
(iii) death; and 
(3) take into account the aggregate and cumu-
lative emissions and health risks from the facility, 
including multiple source categories, as applicable, to 
ensure full health protection from the entire facility 
based on the best available science. 
(f) MAINTENANCE AND PUBLIC REPORTING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In the regulations promul-
gated pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall ensure that— 
(A) the owners or operators of sources sub-
ject to the requirements of this section— 
(i) perform regular inspections and 
maintenance of all measured equipment re-
quired under this section; and 
(ii) submit to the Administrator reg-
ular reports that— 
(I) include the measured emis-
sions data collected by that emissions 
measurement equipment; 
(II) describe the status of that 
measurement equipment; and 
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(III) contain a detailed expla-
nation of the circumstances sur-
rounding a delay in collecting or miss-
ing data; 
(B) the emissions measurement system re-
quired under this section is continuous and 
yields reliable data not less than 95 percent of 
the time, without any regulatory exemption or 
extension; and 
(C) any problem with the fenceline moni-
toring equipment required under this section is 
repaired within 2 days of discovering the prob-
lem. 
(2) VIOLATION.—In the regulations promul-
gated pursuant to subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall— 
(A) require the owner or operator of a sta-
tionary source subject to such regulations to re-
port, with respect to the source, at least semi-
annually— 
(i) all exceedances of any corrective 
action level; and 
(ii) all corrective action planned and 
taken; and 
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(B) for purposes of imposing penalties, 
treat each day on which a violation of a report-
ing requirement under subparagraph (A) con-
tinues as a separate violation. 
(3) PUBLIC REPORTING.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall make available on the website of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, in an accessible 
format that includes multiple languages spoken 
by residents living near the source where moni-
toring was conducted— 
(i) all emissions measurement plans, 
reports, and other information collected or 
required under this section; 
(ii) all emissions measurement data 
collected by monitoring equipment required 
under this section; and 
(iii) an option to sign up for commu-
nity-wide or source-specific alerts that alert 
the user if the emissions concentrations 
measured pursuant to clause (i) or (ii), as 
applicable, exceed— 
(I) a health reference level of the 
Administrator that has been scientif-
ically peer-reviewed; 
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(II) a health reference level ap-
proved by the Administrator that has 
been scientifically peer-reviewed; 
(III) a health reference level ap-
proved by any State or Tribal govern-
ment that has been scientifically peer- 
reviewed; or 
(IV) the applicable corrective ac-
tion level under subsection (a)(3)(A). 
(B) PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT.—The 
Administrator shall provide notice and receive 
public comment for not less than 60 days on 
the format and accessibility of the information 
required to be made available under subpara-
graph (A). 
(C) 
PUBLICATION.—The 
Administrator 
shall publicize the information required to be 
made available under subparagraph (A) in each 
community that contains a source regulated 
under this section through not less than 2 of 
the most widely viewed local media formats for 
members of that community that live nearest 
the regulated source. 
(g) OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Administrator shall ensure that the Assistant Admin-
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istrator for Air and Radiation coordinates with the Assist-
ant Administrator for Research and Development, as well 
as any other appropriate offices of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, to carry out this section. 
(h) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit 
to Congress and make publicly available online a report 
that— 
(1) describes the staffing that is available, nec-
essary, and planned to carry out this section; and 
(2) demonstrates how the Administrator intends 
to carry out the duties and requirements of this sec-
tion without impact or delay on any other duty or 
responsibility of the Administrator. 
(i) NO
EXEMPTION
AUTHORITY.—No exemption 
from compliance with any standard or limitation under 
this section may be issued pursuant to section 112(i)(4) 
of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(i)(4)) to any sta-
tionary source. 
(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 and 2027. 
SEC. 5. NAAQS MONITORING NETWORK. 
(a) DEPLOYMENT
OF NCORE MULTIPOLLUTANT 
MONITORING STATIONS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall re-
quire the deployment of 80 additional NCore multi-
pollutant monitoring stations. 
(2) REQUIREMENT.—All monitors at the sta-
tions required to be deployed pursuant to paragraph 
(1) that measure pollutants for which the Adminis-
trator has established national ambient air quality 
standards shall— 
(A) be Federal reference method or Fed-
eral equivalent method monitors; and 
(B) produce monitoring data that are suf-
ficient for determining whether the relevant na-
tional ambient air quality standard is met at 
the site. 
(b) DEADLINE.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall en-
sure that all NCore multipollutant monitoring stations re-
quired to be deployed under subsection (a)(1) are— 
(1) installed and integrated into the air quality 
monitoring system established pursuant to sections 
110(a)(2)(B) and 319 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7410(a)(2)(B), 7619); and 
(2) after installation, operated and maintained 
on a continuing basis. 
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(c) MONITORING RESULTS.—Monitoring results from 
NCore multipollutant stations required to be deployed 
under subsection (a)(1) shall be used for— 
(1) assessments of the compliance of areas with 
national ambient air quality standards; 
(2) integrated science assessments in reviews of 
national ambient air quality standards established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409); 
(3) evaluating disparities of pollution exposures 
within metropolitan areas; and 
(4) such other purposes as the Administrator 
determines will promote the protection of public 
health from air pollution. 
(d) LOCATIONS.— 
(1) VULNERABLE POPULATIONS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall ensure that not fewer than 40 of the 
NCore multipollutant monitoring stations re-
quired to be deployed under subsection (a)(1)— 
(i) are not limited to metropolitan sta-
tistical areas with populations of 50,000 or 
greater; and 
(ii) meet the requirement described in 
subparagraph (B). 
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(B) REQUIREMENT DESCRIBED.—The re-
quirement referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) is 
that the NCore multipollutant monitoring sta-
tions shall be sited in census tracts that each 
meet 1 or more of the following criteria, with 
the specific site selected consistent with Appen-
dix D to part 58 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations (as in effect on the date of enact-
ment of this Act), except that where the provi-
sions of this Act conflict with that appendix, 
the provisions of this Act shall control: 
(i) The rates of childhood asthma, 
adult asthma, chronic obstructive pul-
monary disease, heart disease, or cancer 
are not less than 5 percent higher than the 
national average for that condition in the 
census tract. 
(ii) The percentage of people living 
below the poverty level, that are above age 
18 without a high school diploma, or that 
are unemployed, is higher than the na-
tional average in the census tract. 
(iii) 2 or more major sources (as de-
fined in section 501 of the Clean Air Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7661)) are located within the 
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Frm 00046
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H6782.IH
H6782
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS