II 
Calendar No. 612 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6964 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
OCTOBER 1 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 28), 2018 
Received 
OCTOBER 2 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 28), 2018 
Read twice and placed on the calendar 
AN ACT 
To reauthorize and improve the Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Juvenile Justice Re-
form Act of 2018’’. 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title. 
Sec. 2. Table of contents. 
Sec. 3. Application of amendments. 
TITLE I—DECLARATION OF PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS 
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(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, tribal,’’ 
after ‘‘State’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘, tribal,’’ after ‘‘State’’; 
and 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(3) to assist State, tribal, and local govern-
ments in addressing juvenile crime through the pro-
vision of technical assistance, research, training, 
evaluation, and the dissemination of current and rel-
evant information on effective and evidence-based 
programs and practices for combating juvenile delin-
quency; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) to support a continuum of evidence-based 
or promising programs (including delinquency pre-
vention, intervention, mental health, behavioral 
health and substance abuse treatment, family serv-
ices, and services for children exposed to violence) 
that are trauma informed, reflect the science of ado-
lescent development, and are designed to meet the 
needs of at-risk youth and youth who come into con-
tact with the justice system.’’. 
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SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11103) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (8)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by adding 
‘‘or’’ at the end; 
(B) by striking subparagraph (C); and 
(C) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
subparagraph (C); 
(2) in paragraph (18)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘for purposes of title II,’’ 
before ‘‘the term’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘that has a law enforcement function, as determined 
by the Secretary of the Interior in consultation with 
the Attorney General;’’; 
(3) by amending paragraph (22) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(22) the term ‘jail or lockup for adults’ means 
a secure facility that is used by a State, unit of local 
government, or law enforcement authority to detain 
or confine adult inmates;’’; 
(4) by amending paragraph (25) to read as fol-
lows: 
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‘‘(25) the term ‘sight or sound contact’ means 
any physical, clear visual, or verbal contact that is 
not brief and inadvertent;’’; 
(5) by amending paragraph (26) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(26) the term ‘adult inmate’— 
‘‘(A) means an individual who— 
‘‘(i) has reached the age of full crimi-
nal responsibility under applicable State 
law; and 
‘‘(ii) has been arrested and is in cus-
tody for or awaiting trial on a criminal 
charge, or is convicted of a criminal of-
fense; and 
‘‘(B) does not include an individual who— 
‘‘(i) at the time of the offense, was 
younger than the maximum age at which a 
youth can be held in a juvenile facility 
under applicable State law; and 
‘‘(ii) was committed to the care and 
custody or supervision, including post- 
placement or parole supervision, of a juve-
nile correctional agency by a court of com-
petent jurisdiction or by operation of appli-
cable State law;’’; 
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(6) in paragraph (28), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(7) in paragraph (29), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(8) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(30) the term ‘core requirements’— 
‘‘(A) means the requirements described in 
paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (15) of section 
223(a); and 
‘‘(B) does not include the data collection 
requirements described in subparagraphs (A) 
through (K) of section 207(1); 
‘‘(31) the term ‘chemical agent’ means a spray 
or injection used to temporarily incapacitate a per-
son, including oleoresin capsicum spray, tear gas, 
and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile gas; 
‘‘(32) the term ‘isolation’— 
‘‘(A) means any instance in which a youth 
is confined alone for more than 15 minutes in 
a room or cell; and 
‘‘(B) does not include— 
‘‘(i) confinement during regularly 
scheduled sleeping hours; 
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‘‘(ii) separation based on a treatment 
program approved by a licensed medical or 
mental health professional; 
‘‘(iii) confinement or separation that 
is requested by the youth; or 
‘‘(iv) the separation of the youth from 
a group in a nonlocked setting for the lim-
ited purpose of calming; 
‘‘(33) the term ‘restraints’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 591 of the Public Health 
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ii); 
‘‘(34) the term ‘evidence-based’ means a pro-
gram or practice that— 
‘‘(A) is demonstrated to be effective when 
implemented with fidelity; 
‘‘(B) is based on a clearly articulated and 
empirically supported theory; 
‘‘(C) has measurable outcomes relevant to 
juvenile justice, including a detailed description 
of the outcomes produced in a particular popu-
lation, whether urban or rural; and 
‘‘(D) has been scientifically tested and 
proven effective through randomized control 
studies or comparison group studies and with 
the ability to replicate and scale; 
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‘‘(35) the term ‘promising’ means a program or 
practice that— 
‘‘(A) is demonstrated to be effective based 
on positive outcomes relevant to juvenile justice 
from one or more objective, independent, and 
scientifically valid evaluations, as documented 
in writing to the Administrator; and 
‘‘(B) will be evaluated through a well-de-
signed and rigorous study, as described in para-
graph (34)(D); 
‘‘(36) the term ‘dangerous practice’ means an 
act, procedure, or program that creates an unreason-
able risk of physical injury, pain, or psychological 
harm to a juvenile subjected to the act, procedure, 
or program; 
‘‘(37) the term ‘screening’ means a brief proc-
ess— 
‘‘(A) designed to identify youth who may 
have mental health, behavioral health, sub-
stance abuse, or other needs requiring imme-
diate attention, intervention, and further eval-
uation; and 
‘‘(B) the purpose of which is to quickly 
identify a youth with possible mental health, be-
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havioral health, substance abuse, or other needs 
in need of further assessment; 
‘‘(38) the term ‘assessment’ includes, at a min-
imum, an interview and review of available records 
and other pertinent information— 
‘‘(A) by an appropriately trained profes-
sional who is licensed or certified by the appli-
cable State in the mental health, behavioral 
health, or substance abuse fields; and 
‘‘(B) which is designed to identify signifi-
cant mental health, behavioral health, or sub-
stance abuse treatment needs to be addressed 
during a youth’s confinement; 
‘‘(39) for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the 
term ‘contact’ means the points at which a youth 
and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice 
system officially intersect, including interactions 
with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law enforce-
ment official; 
‘‘(40) the term ‘trauma-informed’ means— 
‘‘(A) understanding the impact that expo-
sure to violence and trauma have on a youth’s 
physical, psychological, and psychosocial devel-
opment; 
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‘‘(B) recognizing when a youth has been 
exposed to violence and trauma and is in need 
of help to recover from the adverse impacts of 
trauma; and 
‘‘(C) responding in ways that resist re-
traumatization; 
‘‘(41) the term ‘racial and ethnic disparity’ 
means minority youth populations are involved at a 
decision point in the juvenile justice system at dis-
proportionately higher rates than non-minority youth 
at that decision point; 
‘‘(42) the term ‘status offender’ means a juve-
nile who is charged with or who has committed an 
offense that would not be criminal if committed by 
an adult; 
‘‘(43) the term ‘rural’ means an area that is 
not located in a metropolitan statistical area, as de-
fined by the Office of Management and Budget; 
‘‘(44) the term ‘internal controls’ means a proc-
ess implemented to provide reasonable assurance re-
garding the achievement of objectives in— 
‘‘(A) effectiveness and efficiency of oper-
ations, such as grant management practices; 
‘‘(B) reliability of reporting for internal 
and external use; and 
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‘‘(C) compliance with applicable laws and 
regulations, as well as recommendations of the 
Office of Inspector General and the Government 
Accountability Office; and 
‘‘(45) the term ‘tribal government’ means the 
governing body of an Indian Tribe.’’. 
TITLE II—CHARLES GRASSLEY 
JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DE-
LINQUENCY 
PREVENTION 
PROGRAM 
SEC. 201. CONCENTRATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS. 
Section 204 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11114) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), in the first sen-
tence— 
(i) by striking ‘‘a long-term plan, and 
implement’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘a 
long-term plan to improve the juvenile jus-
tice system in the United States, taking 
into account scientific knowledge regarding 
adolescent development and behavior and 
regarding the effects of delinquency pre-
vention programs and juvenile justice 
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interventions on adolescents, and shall im-
plement’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘research, and im-
provement of the juvenile justice system in 
the United States’’ and inserting ‘‘and re-
search’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ‘‘Fed-
eral Register’’ and all that follows and inserting 
‘‘Federal Register during the 30-day period 
ending on October 1 of each year.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking paragraph (7); 
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and 
(6) as paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively; 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (4), the 
following: 
‘‘(5) not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018, 
in consultation with Indian Tribes, develop a policy 
for the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention to collaborate with representatives of In-
dian Tribes with a criminal justice function on the 
implementation of the provisions of this Act relating 
to Indian Tribes;’’; 
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(D) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, 
by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(E) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated— 
(i) by striking ‘‘monitoring’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘section 223(a)(15)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘section 223(a)(14)’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘to review the ade-
quacy of such systems; and’’ and inserting 
‘‘for monitoring compliance.’’. 
SEC. 202. COORDINATING COUNCIL ON JUVENILE JUSTICE 
AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION. 
Section 206 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11116) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘the Assistant Sec-
retary for Mental Health and Substance 
Use, the Secretary of the Interior,’’ after 
‘‘the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘Commissioner of Im-
migration and Naturalization’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘Assistant Secretary for Immigration 
and Customs Enforcement’’; and 
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(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘United 
States’’ and inserting ‘‘Federal Government’’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘para-
graphs (12)(A), (13), and (14) of section 
223(a) of this title’’ and inserting ‘‘the core re-
quirements’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A), by inserting ‘‘, on an annual 
basis’’ after ‘‘collectively’’; and 
(ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(B) not later than 120 days after the 
completion of the last meeting of the Council 
during any fiscal year, submit to the Committee 
on Education and the Workforce of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate a report that— 
‘‘(i) contains the recommendations de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(ii) includes a detailed account of the 
activities conducted by the Council during 
the fiscal year, including a complete de-
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tailed accounting of expenses incurred by 
the Council to conduct operations in ac-
cordance with this section; 
‘‘(iii) is published on the websites of 
the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention, the Council, and the 
Department of Justice; and 
‘‘(iv) is in addition to the annual re-
port required under section 207.’’. 
SEC. 203. ANNUAL REPORT. 
Section 207 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11117) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘a fiscal year’’ and inserting ‘‘each fiscal 
year’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and 
gender’’ and inserting ‘‘, gender, and ethnicity, 
as such term is defined by the Bureau of the 
Census,’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(C) in subparagraph (F)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and other’’ before 
‘‘disabilities,’’; and 
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(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(G) a summary of data from 1 month of 
the applicable fiscal year of the use of restraints 
and isolation upon juveniles held in the custody 
of secure detention and correctional facilities 
operated by a State or unit of local government; 
‘‘(H) the number of status offense cases 
petitioned to court, number of status offenders 
held in secure detention, the findings used to 
justify the use of secure detention, and the av-
erage period of time a status offender was held 
in secure detention; 
‘‘(I) the number of juveniles released from 
custody and the type of living arrangement to 
which they are released; 
‘‘(J) the number of juveniles whose offense 
originated on school grounds, during school- 
sponsored off-campus activities, or due to a re-
ferral by a school official, as collected and re-
ported by the Department of Education or simi-
lar State educational agency; and 
‘‘(K) the number of juveniles in the cus-
tody of secure detention and correctional facili-
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ties operated by a State or unit of local or trib-
al government who report being pregnant.’’; 
and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) A description of the criteria used to deter-
mine what programs qualify as evidence-based and 
promising programs under this title and title V and 
a comprehensive list of those programs the Adminis-
trator has determined meet such criteria in both 
rural and urban areas. 
‘‘(6) A description of funding provided to In-
dian Tribes under this Act or for a juvenile delin-
quency or prevention program under the Tribal Law 
and Order Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–211; 124 
Stat. 2261), including direct Federal grants and 
funding provided to Indian Tribes through a State 
or unit of local government. 
‘‘(7) An analysis and evaluation of the internal 
controls at the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention to determine if grantees are fol-
lowing the requirements of the Office of Juvenile 
Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant programs 
and what remedial action the Office of Juvenile Jus-
tice and Delinquency Prevention has taken to re-
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cover any grant funds that are expended in violation 
of the grant programs, including instances— 
‘‘(A) in which supporting documentation 
was not provided for cost reports; 
‘‘(B) where unauthorized expenditures oc-
curred; or 
‘‘(C) where subrecipients of grant funds 
were not compliant with program requirements. 
‘‘(8) An analysis and evaluation of the total 
amount of payments made to grantees that the Of-
fice of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 
recouped from grantees that were found to be in vio-
lation of policies and procedures of the Office of Ju-
venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention grant 
programs, including— 
‘‘(A) the full name and location of the 
grantee; 
‘‘(B) the violation of the program found; 
‘‘(C) the amount of funds sought to be re-
couped by the Office of Juvenile Justice and 
Delinquency Prevention; and 
‘‘(D) the actual amount recouped by the 
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Pre-
vention.’’. 
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SEC. 204. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS. 
(a) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 221(b)(1) of 
the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 
1974 (34 U.S.C. 11131(b)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘2 
percent’’ and inserting ‘‘5 percent’’. 
(b) OTHER ALLOCATIONS.—Section 222 of the Juve-
nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 
U.S.C. 11132) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘age 
eighteen’’ and inserting ‘‘18 years of age, based 
on the most recent data available from the Bu-
reau of the Census’’; and 
(B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(2)(A) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a 
fiscal year to carry out this title is less than $75,000,000, 
then— 
‘‘(i) the amount allocated to each State other 
than a State described in clause (ii) for that fiscal 
year shall be not less than $400,000; and 
‘‘(ii) the amount allocated to the United States 
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for 
that fiscal year shall be not less than $75,000. 
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‘‘(B) If the aggregate amount appropriated for a fis-
cal year to carry out this title is not less than 
$75,000,000, then— 
‘‘(i) the amount allocated to each State other 
than a State described in clause (ii) for that fiscal 
year shall be not less than $600,000; and 
‘‘(ii) the amount allocated to the United States 
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for 
that fiscal year shall be not less than $100,000.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘efficient ad-
ministration, including monitoring, evaluation, and 
one full-time staff position’’ and inserting ‘‘effective 
and efficient administration of funds, including the 
designation of not less than one individual who shall 
coordinate efforts to achieve and sustain compliance 
with the core requirements and certify whether the 
State is in compliance with such requirements’’; and 
(3) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘5 per centum 
of the minimum’’ and inserting ‘‘not more than 5 
percent of the’’. 
(c) CHARLES GRASSLEY JUVENILE JUSTICE
AND 
DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAM.—Part B of title 
II of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 
of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11131 et seq.) is amended— 
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(1) in the part heading, by striking ‘‘FEDERAL 
ASSISTANCE FOR STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS’’ 
and inserting ‘‘CHARLES GRASSLEY JUVENILE JUS-
TICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAM’’; 
and 
(2) by inserting before section 221 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SHORT TITLE 
‘‘SEC. 220. This part may be cited as the ‘Charles 
Grassley Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 
Program’.’’. 
SEC. 205. STATE PLANS. 
Section 223 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11133) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘and shall describe the status of 
compliance with State plan requirements.’’ and 
inserting ‘‘and shall describe how the State plan 
is supported by or takes account of scientific 
knowledge regarding adolescent development 
and behavior and regarding the effects of delin-
quency prevention programs and juvenile justice 
interventions on adolescents. Not later than 60 
days after the date on which a plan or amended 
plan submitted under this subsection is final-
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ized, a State shall make the plan or amended 
plan publicly available by posting the plan or 
amended plan on the State’s publicly available 
website.’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘de-
scribed in section 299(c)(1)’’ and inserting ‘‘as 
designated by the chief executive officer of the 
State’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘ad-
olescent development,’’ after ‘‘con-
cerning’’; 
(II) in clause (ii)— 
(aa) in subclause (III), by 
striking ‘‘mental health, edu-
cation, special education’’ and in-
serting ‘‘child and adolescent 
mental health, education, child 
and adolescent substance abuse, 
special education, services for 
youth with disabilities’’; 
(bb) in subclause (V), by 
striking ‘‘delinquents or potential 
delinquents’’ and inserting ‘‘de-
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linquent youth or youth at risk of 
delinquency’’; 
(cc) in subclause (VI), by 
striking ‘‘youth workers involved 
with’’ and inserting ‘‘representa-
tives of’’; 
(dd) in subclause (VII), by 
striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ee) by striking subclause 
(VIII) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(VIII) persons, licensed or cer-
tified by the applicable State, with ex-
pertise and competence in preventing 
and addressing mental health and 
substance abuse needs in delinquent 
youth and youth at risk of delin-
quency; 
‘‘(IX) representatives of victim or 
witness advocacy groups, including at 
least one individual with expertise in 
addressing the challenges of sexual 
abuse and exploitation and trauma, 
particularly the needs of youth who 
experience disproportionate levels of 
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sexual abuse, exploitation, and trauma 
before entering the juvenile justice 
system; and 
‘‘(X) for a State in which one or 
more Indian Tribes are located, an In-
dian tribal representative (if such rep-
resentative is available) or other indi-
vidual with significant expertise in 
tribal law enforcement and juvenile 
justice in Indian tribal communities;’’; 
(III) in clause (iv), by striking 
‘‘24 at the time of appointment’’ and 
inserting ‘‘28 at the time of initial ap-
pointment’’; and 
(IV) in clause (v) by inserting 
‘‘or, if not feasible and in appropriate 
circumstances, who is the parent or 
guardian of someone who has been or 
is currently under the jurisdiction of 
the juvenile justice system’’ after ‘‘ju-
venile justice system’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘30 days’’ and inserting ‘‘45 days’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (D)— 
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(I) in clause (i), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(II) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘at 
least annually recommendations re-
garding State compliance with the re-
quirements of paragraphs (11), (12), 
and (13)’’ and inserting ‘‘at least 
every 2 years a report and necessary 
recommendations 
regarding 
State 
compliance with the core require-
ments’’; and 
(iv) in subparagraph (E)— 
(I) in clause (i), by adding ‘‘and’’ 
at the end; and 
(II) in clause (ii), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting a 
semicolon; 
(D) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking ‘‘In-
dian tribes’’ and all that follows through ‘‘appli-
cable to the detention and confinement of juve-
niles’’ and inserting ‘‘Indian Tribes that agree 
to attempt to comply with the core require-
ments applicable to the detention and confine-
ment of juveniles’’; 
(E) in paragraph (7)— 
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(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘performs law enforcement functions’’ and 
inserting ‘‘has jurisdiction’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) in clause (iii), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(II) by striking clause (iv) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(iv) a plan to provide alternatives to 
detention for status offenders, survivors of 
commercial sexual exploitation, and others, 
where appropriate, such as specialized or 
problem-solving courts or diversion to 
home-based or community-based services 
or treatment for those youth in need of 
mental health, substance abuse, or co-oc-
curring disorder services at the time such 
juveniles first come into contact with the 
juvenile justice system; 
‘‘(v) a plan to reduce the number of 
children housed in secure detention and 
corrections facilities who are awaiting 
placement in residential treatment pro-
grams; 
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‘‘(vi) a plan to engage family mem-
bers, where appropriate, in the design and 
delivery of juvenile delinquency prevention 
and treatment services, particularly post- 
placement; 
‘‘(vii) a plan to use community-based 
services to respond to the needs of at-risk 
youth or youth who have come into contact 
with the juvenile justice system; 
‘‘(viii) a plan to promote evidence- 
based and trauma-informed programs and 
practices; and 
‘‘(ix) not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of the Juvenile Justice 
Reform Act of 2018, a plan which shall be 
implemented not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of the Juvenile Jus-
tice Reform Act of 2018, to— 
‘‘(I) eliminate the use of re-
straints of known pregnant juveniles 
housed in secure juvenile detention 
and correction facilities, during labor, 
delivery, and post-partum recovery, 
unless credible, reasonable grounds 
exist to believe the detainee presents 
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an immediate and serious threat of 
hurting herself, staff, or others; and 
‘‘(II) eliminate the use of abdom-
inal restraints, leg and ankle re-
straints, wrist restraints behind the 
back, and four-point restraints on 
known pregnant juveniles, unless— 
‘‘(aa) credible, reasonable 
grounds exist to believe the de-
tainee presents an immediate and 
serious threat of hurting herself, 
staff, or others; or 
‘‘(bb) 
reasonable 
grounds 
exist to believe the detainee pre-
sents an immediate and credible 
risk of escape that cannot be rea-
sonably minimized through any 
other method;’’; 
(F) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘exist-
ing’’ and inserting ‘‘evidence-based and prom-
ising’’; 
(G) in paragraph (9)— 
(i) in the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A), by inserting ‘‘, with priority in 
funding given to entities meeting the cri-
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teria for evidence-based or promising pro-
grams’’ after ‘‘used for’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) in clause (i)— 
(aa) by inserting ‘‘status of-
fenders and other’’ before ‘‘youth 
who need’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(II) in clause (ii) by adding 
‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(III) by inserting after clause (ii) 
the following: 
‘‘(iii) for youth who need specialized 
intensive and comprehensive services that 
address the unique issues encountered by 
youth when they become involved with 
gangs;’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (B)(i)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘parents and 
other family members’’ and inserting 
‘‘status offenders, other youth, and 
the parents and other family members 
of such offenders and youth’’; and 
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(II) by striking ‘‘be retained’’ 
and inserting ‘‘remain’’; 
(iv) in subparagraph (E)— 
(I) in the matter preceding clause 
(i), by striking ‘‘delinquent’’ and in-
serting ‘‘at-risk or delinquent youth’’; 
and 
(II) in clause (i), by inserting ‘‘, 
including for truancy prevention and 
reduction’’ before the semicolon; 
(v) in subparagraph (F), in the mat-
ter preceding clause (i), by striking ‘‘ex-
panding’’ and inserting ‘‘programs to ex-
pand’’; 
(vi) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(G) through (S) as subparagraphs (H) 
through (T), respectively; 
(vii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(F), the following: 
‘‘(G) programs— 
‘‘(i) to ensure youth have access to 
appropriate legal representation; and 
‘‘(ii) to expand access to publicly sup-
ported, court-appointed legal counsel who 
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are trained to represent juveniles in adju-
dication proceedings, 
except that the State may not use more than 2 
percent of the funds received under section 222 
for these purposes;’’; 
(viii) in subparagraph (H), as so re-
designated, by striking ‘‘State,’’ each place 
the term appears and inserting ‘‘State, 
tribal,’’; 
(ix) in subparagraph (M), as so redes-
ignated— 
(I) in clause (i)— 
(aa) by inserting ‘‘pre-adju-
dication and’’ before ‘‘post-adju-
dication’’; 
(bb) by striking ‘‘restraints’’ 
and inserting ‘‘alternatives’’; and 
(cc) by inserting ‘‘specialized 
or problem-solving courts,’’ after 
‘‘(including’’; and 
(II) in clause (ii)— 
(aa) by striking ‘‘by the pro-
vision by the Administrator’’; and 
(bb) by striking ‘‘to States’’; 
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(x) in subparagraph (N), as so redes-
ignated— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘and reduce the 
risk of recidivism’’ after ‘‘families’’; 
and 
(II) by striking ‘‘so that such ju-
veniles may be retained in their 
homes’’; 
(xi) in subparagraph (S), as so redes-
ignated, by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(xii) in subparagraph (T), as so redes-
ignated— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘or co-occurring 
disorder’’ after ‘‘mental health’’; 
(II) by inserting ‘‘court-involved 
or’’ before ‘‘incarcerated’’; 
(III) by striking ‘‘suspected to 
be’’; 
(IV) by striking ‘‘and discharge 
plans’’ and inserting ‘‘provision of 
treatment, and development of dis-
charge plans’’; and 
(V) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting a semicolon; and 
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(xiii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(T) the following: 
‘‘(U) programs and projects designed— 
‘‘(i) to inform juveniles of the oppor-
tunity 
and 
process 
for 
sealing 
and 
expunging juvenile records; and 
‘‘(ii) to assist juveniles in pursuing ju-
venile record sealing and expungements for 
both adjudications and arrests not followed 
by adjudications; 
except that the State may not use more than 2 
percent of the funds received under section 222 
for these purposes; 
‘‘(V) programs that address the needs of 
girls in or at risk of entering the juvenile justice 
system, including pregnant girls, young moth-
ers, survivors of commercial sexual exploitation 
or domestic child sex trafficking, girls with dis-
abilities, and girls of color, including girls who 
are members of an Indian Tribe; and 
‘‘(W) monitoring for compliance with the 
core requirements and providing training and 
technical assistance on the core requirements to 
secure facilities;’’; 
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(H) by striking paragraph (11) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(11)(A) in accordance with rules issued by the 
Administrator, provide that a juvenile shall not be 
placed in a secure detention facility or a secure cor-
rectional facility, if— 
‘‘(i) the juvenile is charged with or has 
committed an offense that would not be crimi-
nal if committed by an adult, excluding— 
‘‘(I) a juvenile who is charged with or 
has committed a violation of section 
922(x)(2) of title 18, United States Code, 
or of a similar State law; 
‘‘(II) a juvenile who is charged with 
or has committed a violation of a valid 
court order issued and reviewed in accord-
ance with paragraph (23); and 
‘‘(III) a juvenile who is held in ac-
cordance with the Interstate Compact on 
Juveniles as enacted by the State; or 
‘‘(ii) the juvenile— 
‘‘(I) is not charged with any offense; 
and 
‘‘(II)(aa) is an alien; or 
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‘‘(bb) is alleged to be dependent, ne-
glected, or abused; and 
‘‘(B) require that— 
‘‘(i) not later than 3 years after the date 
of enactment of the Juvenile Justice Reform 
Act of 2018, unless a court finds, after a hear-
ing and in writing, that it is in the interest of 
justice, juveniles awaiting trial or other legal 
process who are treated as adults for purposes 
of prosecution in criminal court and housed in 
a secure facility— 
‘‘(I) shall not have sight or sound con-
tact with adult inmates; and 
‘‘(II) except as provided in paragraph 
(13), may not be held in any jail or lockup 
for adults; 
‘‘(ii) in determining under clause (i) 
whether it is in the interest of justice to permit 
a juvenile to be held in any jail or lockup for 
adults, or have sight or sound contact with 
adult inmates, a court shall consider— 
‘‘(I) the age of the juvenile; 
‘‘(II) the physical and mental matu-
rity of the juvenile; 
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‘‘(III) the present mental state of the 
juvenile, including whether the juvenile 
presents an imminent risk of harm to the 
juvenile; 
‘‘(IV) the nature and circumstances of 
the alleged offense; 
‘‘(V) the juvenile’s history of prior de-
linquent acts; 
‘‘(VI) the relative ability of the avail-
able adult and juvenile detention facilities 
to not only meet the specific needs of the 
juvenile but also to protect the safety of 
the public as well as other detained youth; 
and 
‘‘(VII) any other relevant factor; and 
‘‘(iii) if a court determines under clause (i) 
that it is in the interest of justice to permit a 
juvenile to be held in any jail or lockup for 
adults— 
‘‘(I) the court shall hold a hearing not 
less frequently than once every 30 days, or 
in the case of a rural jurisdiction, not less 
frequently than once every 45 days, to re-
view whether it is still in the interest of 
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justice to permit the juvenile to be so held 
or have such sight or sound contact; and 
‘‘(II) the juvenile shall not be held in 
any jail or lockup for adults, or permitted 
to have sight or sound contact with adult 
inmates, for more than 180 days, unless 
the court, in writing, determines there is 
good cause for an extension or the juvenile 
expressly waives this limitation;’’. 
(I) in paragraph (12)(A), by striking ‘‘con-
tact’’ and inserting ‘‘sight or sound contact’’; 
(J) in paragraph (13), by striking ‘‘con-
tact’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘sight 
or sound contact’’; 
(K) in paragraph (14)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘adequate system’’ and 
inserting ‘‘effective system’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘lock-ups,’’ after 
‘‘monitoring jails,’’; 
(iii) by inserting ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘deten-
tion facilities,’’; 
(iv) by striking ‘‘, and non-secure fa-
cilities’’; 
(v) by striking ‘‘insure’’ and inserting 
‘‘ensure’’; 
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(vi) by striking ‘‘requirements of 
paragraphs (11), (12), and (13)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘core requirements’’; and 
(vii) by striking ‘‘, in the opinion of 
the Administrator,’’; 
(L) by striking paragraphs (22) and (27); 
(M) by redesignating paragraph (28) as 
paragraph (27); 
(N) by redesignating paragraphs (15) 
through (21) as paragraphs (16) through (22), 
respectively; 
(O) by inserting after paragraph (14) the 
following: 
‘‘(15) implement policy, practice, and system 
improvement strategies at the State, territorial, 
local, and tribal levels, as applicable, to identify and 
reduce racial and ethnic disparities among youth 
who come into contact with the juvenile justice sys-
tem, without establishing or requiring numerical 
standards or quotas, by— 
‘‘(A) establishing or designating existing 
coordinating bodies, composed of juvenile jus-
tice stakeholders, (including representatives of 
the educational system) at the State, local, or 
tribal levels, to advise efforts by States, units of 
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local government, and Indian Tribes to reduce 
racial and ethnic disparities; 
‘‘(B) identifying and analyzing data on 
race and ethnicity at decision points in State, 
local, or tribal juvenile justice systems to deter-
mine which such points create racial and ethnic 
disparities among youth who come into contact 
with the juvenile justice system; and 
‘‘(C) developing and implementing a work 
plan that includes measurable objectives for pol-
icy, practice, or other system changes, based on 
the needs identified in the data collection and 
analysis under subparagraph (B);’’; 
(P) in paragraph (16), as so redesignated, 
by inserting ‘‘ethnicity,’’ after ‘‘race,’’; 
(Q) in paragraph (21), as so redesignated, 
by striking ‘‘local,’’ each place the term appears 
and inserting ‘‘local, tribal,’’; 
(R) in paragraph (23)— 
(i) in subparagraphs (A), (B), and 
(C), by striking ‘‘juvenile’’ each place it 
appears and inserting ‘‘status offender’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(iii) in subparagraph (C)— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
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(I) in clause (i), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(II) in clause (ii), by adding 
‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(III) by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(iii) if such court determines the sta-
tus offender should be placed in a secure 
detention facility or correctional facility for 
violating such order— 
‘‘(I) the court shall issue a writ-
ten order that— 
‘‘(aa) identifies the valid 
court order that has been vio-
lated; 
‘‘(bb) specifies the factual 
basis for determining that there 
is reasonable cause to believe 
that the status offender has vio-
lated such order; 
‘‘(cc) includes findings of 
fact to support a determination 
that there is no appropriate less 
restrictive alternative available to 
placing the status offender in 
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such a facility, with due consider-
ation to the best interest of the 
juvenile; 
‘‘(dd) specifies the length of 
time, not to exceed 7 days, that 
the status offender may remain 
in a secure detention facility or 
correctional facility, and includes 
a plan for the status offender’s 
release from such facility; and 
‘‘(ee) may not be renewed or 
extended; and 
‘‘(II) the court may not issue a 
second or subsequent order described 
in subclause (I) relating to a status 
offender unless the status offender 
violates a valid court order after the 
date on which the court issues an 
order described in subclause (I); and’’; 
and 
(iv) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) there are procedures in place to en-
sure that any status offender held in a secure 
detention facility or correctional facility pursu-
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ant to a court order described in this paragraph 
does not remain in custody longer than 7 days 
or the length of time authorized by the court, 
whichever is shorter;’’; 
(S) in paragraph (26)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and in accordance 
with confidentiality concerns,’’ after ‘‘max-
imum extent practicable,’’; and 
(ii) by striking the semicolon at the 
end and inserting the following: ‘‘, so as to 
provide for— 
‘‘(A) data in child abuse or neglect reports 
relating to juveniles entering the juvenile justice 
system with a prior reported history of arrest, 
court intake, probation and parole, juvenile de-
tention, and corrections; and 
‘‘(B) a plan to use the data described in 
subparagraph (A) to provide necessary services 
for the treatment of such victims of child abuse 
or neglect;’’; 
(T) in paragraph (27), as so redesignated, 
by striking the period at the end and inserting 
a semicolon; and 
(U) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(28) provide for the coordinated use of funds 
provided under this title with other Federal and 
State funds directed at juvenile delinquency preven-
tion and intervention programs; 
‘‘(29) describe the policies, procedures, and 
training in effect for the staff of juvenile State cor-
rectional facilities to eliminate the use of dangerous 
practices, unreasonable restraints, and unreasonable 
isolation, including by developing effective behavior 
management techniques; 
‘‘(30) describe— 
‘‘(A) the evidence-based methods that will 
be used to conduct mental health and substance 
abuse screening, assessment, referral, and 
treatment for juveniles who— 
‘‘(i) request a screening; 
‘‘(ii) show signs of needing a screen-
ing; or 
‘‘(iii) are held for a period of more 
than 24 hours in a secure facility that pro-
vides for an initial screening; and 
‘‘(B) how the State will seek, to the extent 
practicable, to provide or arrange for mental 
health and substance abuse disorder treatment 
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for juveniles determined to be in need of such 
treatment; 
‘‘(31) describe how reentry planning by the 
State for juveniles will include— 
‘‘(A) a written case plan based on an as-
sessment of needs that includes— 
‘‘(i) the pre-release and post-release 
plans for the juveniles; 
‘‘(ii) the living arrangement to which 
the juveniles are to be discharged; and 
‘‘(iii) any other plans developed for 
the juveniles based on an individualized as-
sessment; and 
‘‘(B) review processes; 
‘‘(32) provide an assurance that the agency of 
the State receiving funds under this title collaborates 
with the State educational agency receiving assist-
ance under part A of title I of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311 
et seq.) to develop and implement a plan to ensure 
that, in order to support educational progress— 
‘‘(A) the student records of adjudicated ju-
veniles, including electronic records if available, 
are transferred in a timely manner from the 
educational program in the juvenile detention or 
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secure treatment facility to the educational or 
training program into which the juveniles will 
enroll; 
‘‘(B) the credits of adjudicated juveniles 
are transferred; and 
‘‘(C) adjudicated juveniles receive full or 
partial credit toward high school graduation for 
secondary school coursework satisfactorily com-
pleted before and during the period of time dur-
ing which the juveniles are held in custody, re-
gardless of the local educational agency or enti-
ty from which the credits were earned; and 
‘‘(33) describe policies and procedures to— 
‘‘(A) screen for, identify, and document in 
records of the State the identification of victims 
of domestic human trafficking, or those at risk 
of such trafficking, upon intake; and 
‘‘(B) divert youth described in subpara-
graph (A) to appropriate programs or services, 
to the extent practicable.’’; 
(2) by amending subsection (c) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(c)(1) If a State fails to comply with any of the core 
requirements in any fiscal year, then— 
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‘‘(A) subject to subparagraph (B), the amount 
allocated to such State under section 222 for the 
subsequent fiscal year shall be reduced by not less 
than 20 percent for each core requirement with re-
spect to which the failure occurs; and 
‘‘(B) the State shall be ineligible to receive any 
allocation under such section for such fiscal year un-
less— 
‘‘(i) the State agrees to expend 50 percent 
of the amount allocated to the State for such 
fiscal year to achieve compliance with any such 
core requirement with respect to which the 
State is in noncompliance; or 
‘‘(ii) the Administrator determines that the 
State— 
‘‘(I) has achieved substantial compli-
ance with such applicable requirements 
with respect to which the State was not in 
compliance; and 
‘‘(II) has made, through appropriate 
executive or legislative action, an unequivo-
cal commitment to achieving full compli-
ance with such applicable requirements 
within a reasonable time. 
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‘‘(2) Of the total amount of funds not allocated for 
a fiscal year under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall 
be reallocated under section 222 to States that have 
not failed to comply with the core requirements; and 
‘‘(B) 50 percent of the unallocated funds shall 
be used by the Administrator to provide additional 
training and technical assistance to States for the 
purpose of promoting compliance with the core re-
quirements.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘described in paragraphs 
(11), (12), (13), and (22) of subsection (a)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘described in the core require-
ments’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘the requirements under 
paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and (22) of sub-
section (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘the core require-
ments’’; 
(4) in subsection (f)(2)— 
(A) by striking subparagraph (A); and 
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) 
through (E) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), 
respectively; and 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(g) COMPLIANCE DETERMINATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal year, the 
Administrator shall make a determination regarding 
whether each State receiving a grant under this title 
is in compliance or out of compliance with respect to 
each of the core requirements. 
‘‘(2) REPORTING.—The Administrator shall— 
‘‘(A) issue an annual public report— 
‘‘(i) describing any determination de-
scribed in paragraph (1) made during the 
previous year, including a summary of the 
information on which the determination is 
based and the actions to be taken by the 
Administrator (including a description of 
any reduction imposed under subsection 
(c)); and 
‘‘(ii) for any such determination that 
a State is out of compliance with any of 
the core requirements, describing the basis 
for the determination; and 
‘‘(B) make the report described in sub-
paragraph (A) available on a publicly available 
website. 
‘‘(3) DETERMINATIONS
REQUIRED.—The Ad-
ministrator may not— 
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‘‘(A) determine that a State is ‘not out of 
compliance’, or issue any other determination 
not described in paragraph (1), with respect to 
any core requirement; or 
‘‘(B) otherwise fail to make the compliance 
determinations required under paragraph (1).’’. 
SEC. 206. REPEAL OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PREVEN-
TION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM. 
Part C of title II of the Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11141 et seq.) 
is repealed. 
SEC. 207. RESEARCH AND EVALUATION; STATISTICAL 
ANALYSES; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION. 
Section 251 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11161) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) in the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A), by striking ‘‘may’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘plan and identify’’ and inserting ‘‘annu-
ally publish a plan to identify’’; and 
(iii) in subparagraph (B)— 
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(I) by striking clause (iii) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(iii) successful efforts to prevent status 
offenders and first-time minor offenders from 
subsequent involvement with the juvenile justice 
and criminal justice systems;’’; 
(II) by striking clause (vii) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(vii) the prevalence and duration of be-
havioral health needs (including mental health, 
substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders) 
among juveniles pre-placement and post-place-
ment in the juvenile justice system, including 
an examination of the effects of secure deten-
tion in a correctional facility;’’; 
(III) by redesignating clauses 
(ix), (x), and (xi) as clauses (xvi), 
(xvii), and (xviii), respectively; and 
(IV) by inserting after clause 
(viii) the following: 
‘‘(ix) training efforts and reforms that 
have produced reductions in or elimination of 
the use of dangerous practices; 
‘‘(x) methods to improve the recruitment, 
selection, training, and retention of professional 
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personnel who are focused on the prevention, 
identification, and treatment of delinquency; 
‘‘(xi) methods to improve the identification 
and response to victims of domestic child sex 
trafficking within the juvenile justice system; 
‘‘(xii) identifying positive outcome meas-
ures, such as attainment of employment and 
educational degrees, that States and units of 
local government should use to evaluate the 
success of programs aimed at reducing recidi-
vism of youth who have come in contact with 
the juvenile justice system or criminal justice 
system; 
‘‘(xiii) evaluating the impact and outcomes 
of the prosecution and sentencing of juveniles 
as adults; 
‘‘(xiv) successful and cost-effective efforts 
by States and units of local government to re-
duce recidivism through policies that provide for 
consideration of appropriate alternative sanc-
tions to incarceration of youth facing nonviolent 
charges, while ensuring that public safety is 
preserved;’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (4)— 
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(i) in the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘date of enact-
ment of this paragraph, the’’ and in-
serting ‘‘date of enactment of the Ju-
venile Justice Reform Act of 2018, 
the’’; and 
(II) by inserting ‘‘in accordance 
with applicable confidentiality require-
ments’’ after ‘‘wards of the State’’; 
and 
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
‘‘and Indian Tribes’’ after ‘‘State’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (F), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(iv) in subparagraph (G), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting a semi-
colon; and 
(v) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(H) a description of the best practices in dis-
charge planning; and 
‘‘(I) an assessment of living arrangements for 
juveniles who, upon release from confinement in a 
State correctional facility, cannot return to the resi-
dence they occupied prior to such confinement.’’; 
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(2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘may’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(f) NATIONAL RECIDIVISM MEASURE.—The Admin-
istrator, in accordance with applicable confidentiality re-
quirements and in consultation with experts in the field 
of juvenile justice research, recidivism, and data collection, 
shall— 
‘‘(1) establish a uniform method of data collec-
tion and technology that States may use to evaluate 
data on juvenile recidivism on an annual basis; 
‘‘(2) establish a common national juvenile re-
cidivism measurement system; and 
‘‘(3) make cumulative juvenile recidivism data 
that is collected from States available to the pub-
lic.’’. 
SEC. 208. TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. 
Section 252 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11162) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘may’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
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(i) by inserting ‘‘shall’’ before ‘‘de-
velop and carry out projects’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘may’’ before ‘‘make 
grants to and contracts with’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) shall provide periodic training for States 
regarding implementation of the core requirements, 
current protocols and best practices for achieving 
and monitoring compliance, and information sharing 
regarding relevant Office resources on evidence- 
based and promising programs or practices that pro-
mote the purposes of this Act.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘may’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘shall’’ before ‘‘de-
velop and implement projects’’; 
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(ii) by inserting ‘‘, including compli-
ance with the core requirements’’ after 
‘‘this title’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘may’’ before ‘‘make 
grants to and contracts with’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) shall provide technical assistance to States 
and units of local government on achieving compli-
ance with the amendments to the core requirements 
and State Plans made by the Juvenile Justice Re-
form Act of 2018, including training and technical 
assistance and, when appropriate, pilot or dem-
onstration projects intended to develop and replicate 
best practices for achieving sight and sound separa-
tion in facilities or portions of facilities that are 
open and available to the general public and that 
may or may not contain a jail or a lock-up; and 
‘‘(4) shall provide technical assistance to States 
in support of efforts to establish partnerships be-
tween a State and a university, institution of higher 
education, or research center designed to improve 
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the recruitment, selection, training, and retention of 
professional personnel in the fields of medicine, law 
enforcement, the judiciary, juvenile justice, social 
work and child protection, education, and other rel-
evant fields who are engaged in, or intend to work 
in, the field of prevention, identification, and treat-
ment of delinquency.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘prosecutors,’’ after ‘‘pub-
lic defenders,’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘status offenders and’’ 
after ‘‘needs of’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(d) BEST PRACTICES REGARDING LEGAL REP-
RESENTATION OF CHILDREN.—In consultation with ex-
perts in the field of juvenile defense, the Administrator 
shall— 
‘‘(1) share best practices that may include shar-
ing standards of practice developed by recognized 
entities in the profession, for attorneys representing 
children; and 
‘‘(2) provide a State, if it so requests, technical 
assistance to implement any of the best practices 
shared under paragraph (1). 
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‘‘(e) BEST PRACTICES FOR STATUS OFFENDERS.— 
Based on the available research and State practices, the 
Administrator shall— 
‘‘(1) disseminate best practices for the treat-
ment of status offenders with a focus on reduced re-
cidivism, improved long-term outcomes, and limited 
usage of valid court orders to place status offenders 
in secure detention; and 
‘‘(2) provide a State, on request, technical as-
sistance to implement any of the best practices 
shared under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR 
LOCAL AND STATE JUVENILE DETENTION AND CORREC-
TIONS PERSONNEL.—The Administrator shall coordinate 
training and technical assistance programs with juvenile 
detention and corrections personnel of States and units 
of local government— 
‘‘(1) to promote methods for improving condi-
tions of juvenile confinement, including methods that 
are designed to minimize the use of dangerous prac-
tices, unreasonable restraints, and isolation and 
methods responsive to cultural differences; and 
‘‘(2) to encourage alternative behavior manage-
ment techniques based on positive youth develop-
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ment approaches that may include methods respon-
sive to cultural differences. 
‘‘(g) TRAINING
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO 
SUPPORT
MENTAL
HEALTH
OR
SUBSTANCE
ABUSE 
TREATMENT INCLUDING HOME-BASED OR COMMUNITY- 
BASED CARE.—The Administrator shall provide training 
and technical assistance, in conjunction with the appro-
priate public agencies, to individuals involved in making 
decisions regarding the disposition and management of 
cases for youth who enter the juvenile justice system about 
the appropriate services and placement for youth with 
mental health or substance abuse needs, including— 
‘‘(1) juvenile justice intake personnel; 
‘‘(2) probation officers; 
‘‘(3) juvenile court judges and court services 
personnel; 
‘‘(4) prosecutors and court-appointed counsel; 
and 
‘‘(5) family members of juveniles and family ad-
vocates. 
‘‘(h) TRAINING
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TO 
SUPPORT JUVENILE COURT JUDGES AND PERSONNEL.— 
The Attorney General, acting through the Office of Juve-
nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention and the Office 
of Justice Programs in consultation with entities in the 
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profession, shall provide directly, or through grants or 
contracts, training and technical assistance to enhance the 
capacity of State and local courts, judges, and related ju-
dicial personnel to— 
‘‘(1) improve the lives of children currently in-
volved in or at risk of being involved in the juvenile 
court system; and 
‘‘(2) carry out the requirements of this Act. 
‘‘(i) FREE AND REDUCED PRICE SCHOOL LUNCHES 
FOR INCARCERATED JUVENILES.—The Attorney General, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall 
provide guidance to States relating to existing options for 
school food authorities in the States to apply for reim-
bursement for free or reduced price lunches under the 
Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 
1751 et seq.) for juveniles who are incarcerated and 
would, if not incarcerated, be eligible for free or reduced 
price lunches under that Act.’’. 
SEC. 209. ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY. 
Section 299A of the Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11182) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘The Admin-
istrator’’; 
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(B) by striking ‘‘, after appropriate con-
sultation with representatives of States and 
units of local government,’’; 
(C) by inserting ‘‘guidance,’’ after ‘‘regula-
tions,’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘In 
developing guidance and procedures, the Ad-
ministrator shall consult with representatives of 
States and units of local government, including 
those individuals responsible for administration 
of this Act and compliance with the core re-
quirements. 
‘‘(2) The Administrator shall ensure that— 
‘‘(A) reporting, compliance reporting, State 
plan requirements, and other similar documentation 
as may be required from States is requested in a 
manner that respects confidentiality, encourages effi-
ciency and reduces the duplication of reporting ef-
forts; and 
‘‘(B) States meeting all the core requirements 
are encouraged to experiment with offering innova-
tive, data-driven programs designed to further im-
prove the juvenile justice system.’’; and 
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(2) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘requirements 
described in paragraphs (11), (12), and (13) of sec-
tion 223(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘core requirements’’. 
TITLE III—INCENTIVE GRANTS 
FOR 
PRISON 
REDUCTION 
THROUGH 
OPPORTUNITIES, 
MENTORING, INTERVENTION, 
SUPPORT, AND EDUCATION 
SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE. 
Section 501 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delin-
quency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 
11101 note) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘Youth Promise’’ before 
‘‘Grants’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘2002’’ and inserting ‘‘2018’’. 
SEC. 302. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 502 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delin-
quency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 
11281) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 502. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘In this title— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘at-risk’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 1432 of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6472); 
‘‘(2) the term ‘eligible entity’ means— 
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‘‘(A) a unit of local government that is in 
compliance with the requirements of part B of 
title II; or 
‘‘(B) a nonprofit organization in partner-
ship with a unit of local government described 
in subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(3) the term ‘delinquency prevention program’ 
means a delinquency prevention program that is evi-
dence-based or promising and that may include— 
‘‘(A) alcohol and substance abuse preven-
tion or treatment services; 
‘‘(B) tutoring and remedial education, es-
pecially in reading and mathematics; 
‘‘(C) child and adolescent health and men-
tal health services; 
‘‘(D) recreation services; 
‘‘(E) leadership and youth development ac-
tivities; 
‘‘(F) the teaching that individuals are and 
should be held accountable for their actions; 
‘‘(G) assistance in the development of job 
training skills; 
‘‘(H) youth mentoring programs; 
‘‘(I) after-school programs; 
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‘‘(J) coordination of a continuum of serv-
ices that may include— 
‘‘(i) early childhood development serv-
ices; 
‘‘(ii) voluntary home visiting pro-
grams; 
‘‘(iii) nurse-family partnership pro-
grams; 
‘‘(iv) parenting skills training; 
‘‘(v) child abuse prevention programs; 
‘‘(vi) family stabilization programs; 
‘‘(vii) child welfare services; 
‘‘(viii) family violence intervention 
programs; 
‘‘(ix) adoption assistance programs; 
‘‘(x) emergency, transitional and per-
manent housing assistance; 
‘‘(xi) job placement and retention 
training; 
‘‘(xii) summer jobs programs; 
‘‘(xiii) alternative school resources for 
youth who have dropped out of school or 
demonstrate chronic truancy; 
‘‘(xiv) conflict resolution skill training; 
‘‘(xv) restorative justice programs; 
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‘‘(xvi) mentoring programs; 
‘‘(xvii) 
targeted 
gang 
prevention, 
intervention and exit services; 
‘‘(xviii) training and education pro-
grams for pregnant teens and teen par-
ents; and 
‘‘(xix) pre-release, post-release, and 
reentry services to assist detained and in-
carcerated youth with transitioning back 
into and reentering the community; and 
‘‘(K) other data-driven evidence-based or 
promising prevention programs; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘local policy board’, when used 
with respect to an eligible entity, means a policy 
board that the eligible entity will engage in the de-
velopment of the eligible entity’s plan described in 
section 504(e)(5), and that includes— 
‘‘(A) not fewer than 15 and not more than 
21 members; and 
‘‘(B) a balanced representation of— 
‘‘(i) public agencies and private non-
profit organizations serving juveniles and 
their families; and 
‘‘(ii) business and industry; 
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‘‘(C) at least one representative of the 
faith community, one adjudicated youth, and 
one parent of an adjudicated youth; and 
‘‘(D) in the case of an eligible entity de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(B), a representative of 
the nonprofit organization of the eligible entity; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘mentoring’ means matching 1 
adult with 1 or more youths for the purpose of pro-
viding 
guidance, 
support, 
and 
encouragement 
through regularly scheduled meetings for not less 
than 9 months; 
‘‘(6) the term ‘State advisory group’ means the 
advisory group appointed by the chief executive offi-
cer of a State under a plan described in section 
223(a); and 
‘‘(7) the term ‘State entity’ means the State 
agency designated under section 223(a)(1) or the en-
tity receiving funds under section 223(d).’’. 
SEC. 303. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ADMINIS-
TRATOR. 
Section 503 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delin-
quency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 
11282) is amended— 
(1) by striking paragraph (1); and 
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(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through 
(4) as paragraphs (1) through (3), respectively. 
SEC. 304. GRANTS FOR DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PRO-
GRAMS. 
Section 504 of the Incentive Grants for Local Delin-
quency Prevention Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 
11281 et seq.) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 504. GRANTS FOR LOCAL DELINQUENCY PREVEN-
TION PROGRAMS. 
‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to en-
able local communities to address the unmet needs of at- 
risk or delinquent youth, including through a continuum 
of delinquency prevention programs for juveniles who have 
had contact with the juvenile justice system or who are 
likely to have contact with the juvenile justice system. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator 
shall— 
‘‘(1) for each fiscal year for which less than 
$25,000,000 is appropriated under section 506, 
award grants to not fewer than 3 State entities, but 
not more than 5 State entities, that apply under 
subsection (c) and meet the requirements of sub-
section (d); or 
‘‘(2) for each fiscal year for which $25,000,000 
or more is appropriated under section 506, award 
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grants to not fewer than 5 State entities that apply 
under subsection (c) and meet the requirements of 
subsection (d). 
‘‘(c) STATE APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive 
a grant under this section, a State entity shall submit an 
application to the Administrator that includes the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) An assurance the State entity will use— 
‘‘(A) not more than 10 percent of such 
grant, in the aggregate— 
‘‘(i) for the costs incurred by the 
State entity to carry out this section, ex-
cept that not more than 3 percent of such 
grant may be used for such costs; and 
‘‘(ii) to provide technical assistance to 
eligible entities receiving a subgrant under 
subsection (e) in carrying out delinquency 
prevention programs under the subgrant; 
and 
‘‘(B) the remainder of such grant to award 
subgrants to eligible entities under subsection 
(e). 
‘‘(2) An assurance that such grant will supple-
ment, and not supplant, State and local efforts to 
prevent juvenile delinquency. 
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‘‘(3) An assurance the State entity will evaluate 
the capacity of eligible entities receiving a subgrant 
under subsection (e) to fulfill the requirements 
under such subsection. 
‘‘(4) An assurance that such application was 
prepared after consultation with, and participation 
by, the State advisory group, units of local govern-
ment, community-based organizations, and organiza-
tions that carry out programs, projects, or activities 
to prevent juvenile delinquency in the local juvenile 
justice system served by the State entity. 
‘‘(d) APPROVAL
OF
STATE
APPLICATIONS.—In 
awarding grants under this section for a fiscal year, the 
Administrator may not award a grant to a State entity 
for a fiscal year unless— 
‘‘(1)(A) the State that will be served by the 
State entity submitted a plan under section 223 for 
such fiscal year; and 
‘‘(B) such plan is approved by the Adminis-
trator for such fiscal year; or 
‘‘(2) after finding good cause for a waiver, the 
Administrator waives the plan required under sub-
paragraph (A) for such State for such fiscal year. 
‘‘(e) SUBGRANT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each State entity re-
ceiving a grant under this section shall award 
subgrants to eligible entities in accordance with 
this subsection. 
‘‘(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding subgrants 
under this subsection, the State shall give pri-
ority to eligible entities that demonstrate ability 
in— 
‘‘(i) plans for service and agency co-
ordination and collaboration including the 
collocation of services; 
‘‘(ii) innovative ways to involve the 
private nonprofit and business sector in de-
linquency prevention activities; 
‘‘(iii) developing data-driven preven-
tion plans, employing evidence-based pre-
vention strategies, and conducting program 
evaluations to determine impact and effec-
tiveness; 
‘‘(iv) identifying under the plan sub-
mitted under paragraph (5) potential sav-
ings and efficiencies associated with suc-
cessful implementation of such plan; and 
‘‘(v) describing how such savings and 
efficiencies may be used to carry out delin-
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quency prevention programs and be rein-
vested in the continuing implementation of 
such programs after the end of the 
subgrant period. 
‘‘(C) SUBGRANT PROGRAM PERIOD AND DI-
VERSITY OF PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(i) PROGRAM PERIOD.—A subgrant 
awarded to an eligible entity by a State en-
tity under this section shall be for a period 
of not more than 5 years, of which the eli-
gible entity— 
‘‘(I) may use not more than 18 
months for completing the plan sub-
mitted by the eligible entity under 
paragraph (5); and 
‘‘(II) shall use the remainder of 
the subgrant period, after planning 
period described in subclause (I), for 
the implementation of such plan. 
‘‘(ii) DIVERSITY
OF
PROJECTS.—In 
awarding subgrants under this subsection, 
a State entity shall ensure, to the extent 
practicable and applicable, that such sub-
grants are distributed throughout different 
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areas, including urban, suburban, and 
rural areas. 
‘‘(2) LOCAL APPLICATION.—An eligible entity 
that desires a subgrant under this subsection shall 
submit an application to the State entity in the 
State of the eligible entity, at such time and in such 
manner as determined by the State entity, and that 
includes— 
‘‘(A) a description of— 
‘‘(i) the local policy board and local 
partners the eligible entity will engage in 
the development of the plan described in 
paragraph (5); 
‘‘(ii) the unmet needs of at-risk or de-
linquent youth in the community; 
‘‘(iii) available resources in the com-
munity to meet the unmet needs identified 
in the needs assessment described in para-
graph (5)(A); 
‘‘(iv) potential costs to the community 
if the unmet needs are not addressed; 
‘‘(B) a specific time period for the plan-
ning and subsequent implementation of its con-
tinuum of local delinquency prevention pro-
grams; 
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‘‘(C) the steps the eligible entity will take 
to implement the plan under subparagraph (A); 
and 
‘‘(D) a plan to continue the grant activity 
with non-Federal funds, if proven successful ac-
cording to the performance evaluation process 
under paragraph (5)(D), after the grant period. 
‘‘(3) MATCHING
REQUIREMENT.—An eligible 
entity desiring a subgrant under this subsection 
shall agree to provide a 50 percent match of the 
amount of the subgrant that may include the value 
of in-kind contributions. 
‘‘(4) SUBGRANT REVIEW.— 
‘‘(A) REVIEW.—Not later than the end of 
the second year of a subgrant period for a 
subgrant awarded to an eligible entity under 
this subsection and before awarding the remain-
ing amount of the subgrant to the eligible enti-
ty, the State entity shall— 
‘‘(i) ensure that the eligible entity has 
completed the plan submitted under para-
graph (2) and that the plan meets the re-
quirements of such paragraph; and 
‘‘(ii) verify that the eligible entity will 
begin the implementation of its plan upon 
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receiving the next installment of its 
subgrant award. 
‘‘(B) TERMINATION.—If the State entity 
finds through the review conducted under sub-
paragraph (A) that the eligible entity has not 
met the requirements of clause (i) of such sub-
paragraph, the State entity shall reallocate the 
amount remaining on the subgrant of the eligi-
ble entity to other eligible entities receiving a 
subgrant under this subsection or award the 
amount to an eligible entity during the next 
subgrant competition under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) LOCAL USES OF FUNDS.—An eligible enti-
ty that receives a subgrant under this subsection 
shall use the funds to implement a plan to carry out 
delinquency prevention programs in the community 
served by the eligible entity in a coordinated manner 
with other delinquency prevention programs or enti-
ties serving such community, which includes— 
‘‘(A) an analysis of the unmet needs of at- 
risk or delinquent youth in the community— 
‘‘(i) which shall include— 
‘‘(I) the available resources in the 
community to meet the unmet needs; 
and 
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‘‘(II) factors present in the com-
munity that may contribute to delin-
quency, such as homelessness, food in-
security, teen pregnancy, youth unem-
ployment, family instability, lack of 
educational opportunity; and 
‘‘(ii) may include an estimate— 
‘‘(I) for the most recent year for 
which reliable data is available, the 
amount expended by the community 
and other entities for delinquency ad-
judication for juveniles and the incar-
ceration of adult offenders for of-
fenses committed in such community; 
and 
‘‘(II) of potential savings and ef-
ficiencies 
that 
may 
be 
achieved 
through the implementation of the 
plan; 
‘‘(B) a minimum 3-year comprehensive 
strategy to address the unmet needs and an es-
timate of the amount or percentage of non-Fed-
eral funds that are available to carry out the 
strategy; 
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‘‘(C) a description of how delinquency pre-
vention programs under the plan will be coordi-
nated; 
‘‘(D) a description of the performance eval-
uation process of the delinquency prevention 
programs to be implemented under the plan, 
which shall include performance measures to 
assess efforts to address the unmet needs of 
youth in the community analyzed under sub-
paragraph (A); 
‘‘(E) the evidence or promising evaluation 
on which such delinquency prevention programs 
are based; and 
‘‘(F) if such delinquency prevention pro-
grams are proven successful according to the 
performance evaluation process under subpara-
graph (D), a strategy to continue such pro-
grams after the subgrant period with non-Fed-
eral funds, including a description of how any 
estimated savings or efficiencies created by the 
implementation of the plan may be used to con-
tinue such programs.’’. 
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SEC. 305. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 
AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS. 
The Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Preven-
tion Programs Act of 2002 (34 U.S.C. 11281 et seq.) is 
amended by redesignating section 505 as section 506, and 
by inserting after section 504 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 505. GRANTS FOR TRIBAL DELINQUENCY PREVEN-
TION AND RESPONSE PROGRAMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall make 
grants under this section, on a competitive basis, to eligi-
ble Indian Tribes (or consortia of Indian Tribes) as de-
scribed in subsection (b)— 
‘‘(1) to support and enhance— 
‘‘(A) tribal juvenile delinquency prevention 
services; and 
‘‘(B) the ability of Indian Tribes to re-
spond to, and care for, at-risk or delinquent 
youth upon release; and 
‘‘(2) to encourage accountability of Indian trib-
al governments with respect to preventing juvenile 
delinquency, and responding to, and caring for, juve-
nile offenders. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE INDIAN TRIBES.—To be eligible to re-
ceive a grant under this section, an Indian Tribe or con-
sortium of Indian Tribes shall submit to the Administrator 
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an application in such form as the Administrator may re-
quire. 
‘‘(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—In providing grants under 
this section, the Administrator shall take into consider-
ation, with respect to the Indian Tribe to be served, the— 
‘‘(1) juvenile delinquency rates; 
‘‘(2) school dropout rates; and 
‘‘(3) number of youth at risk of delinquency. 
‘‘(d) AVAILABILITY
OF FUNDS.—Of the amount 
available for a fiscal year to carry out this title, 11 percent 
shall be available to carry out this section.’’. 
SEC. 306. EVALUATION BY GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY 
OFFICE. 
(a) EVALUATION.—Not later than 2 years after the 
end of the 5th fiscal year for which funds are appropriated 
to carry out the Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency 
Prevention Programs Act of 2002, the Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of 
a sample of subgrantees selected by the Comptroller Gen-
eral in accordance with subsection (b)) that received funds 
under section 504(e) of such Act and shall submit a report 
of such evaluation to the Committee on the Judiciary of 
the United States Senate and the Committee on Edu-
cation and the Workforce of the United States House of 
Representatives. 
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