(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and bi-
annually thereafter, the President shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees— 
(A) a list of financial institutions operating 
in Syria; and 
(B) a list of foreign persons of China, Leb-
anon, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Oman, Turkey, 
Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates 
that are involved in business activities with re-
gard to the infrastructure, construction, finan-
cial services, telecommunications, or petroleum 
sectors of the Syrian economy. 
(2) FORM.—The list required by this subsection 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
contain a classified annex if necessary. 
(c) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are sanctions applicable with re-
spect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of 
the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (22 
U.S.C. 8791 note). 
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SEC. 103. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN INDIVID-
UALS SERVING IN THE LEBANESE INTERNAL 
SECURITY 
FORCES 
AND 
THE 
LEBANESE 
ARMED FORCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each 
individual on the list required by subsection (b)(3). 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that— 
(1) describes efforts by the Government of Leb-
anon to prevent sanctions evasion activities, includ-
ing smuggling efforts to support the Government of 
Syria, including an identification of the extent to 
which the Government of Lebanon, the Lebanese In-
ternal Security Forces (ISF), and the Lebanese 
Armed Forces (LAF) have knowingly permitted, fa-
cilitated, or assisted such efforts; 
(2) describes efforts by the Government of Leb-
anon, the ISF, and the LAF have taken to prevent 
the forced repatriation of Syrian refugees back to 
Syria; and 
(3) contains a list of those individuals serving 
in the ISF and the LAF that have participated in, 
knowingly permitted, facilitated, or assisted the Gov-
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ernment of Syria in sanctions evasion activities or 
smuggling efforts to support the Government of 
Syria. 
(c) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are sanctions applicable with re-
spect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of 
the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2656 note). 
SEC. 104. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO DIRECTORS, OFFI-
CERS, AND OTHER OFFICIALS EMPLOYED IN 
SYRIAN PRISONS AND DETENTION FACILI-
TIES DETERMINED TO BE ENGAGED IN THE 
USE OF TORTURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each 
individual on the list required by subsection (b)(2). 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that— 
(1) describes the extent to which torture is used 
against detainees in Syrian prisons and detention fa-
cilities; and 
(2) contains a list of directors, officers, and 
other officials employed in such prisons and deten-
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tion facilities and who have been determined to be 
engaged in the use of torture. 
(c) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are sanctions applicable with re-
spect to a foreign person pursuant to section 1263(b) of 
the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2656 note). 
SEC. 
105. 
MANDATORY 
APPLICATION 
OF 
SANCTIONS 
UNDER THE CAESAR SYRIA CIVILIAN PRO-
TECTION ACT OF 2019. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Syrian financial and construction sec-
tors are sectors of Syria’s economy which provide fi-
nancial support to the Syrian regime’s malign activi-
ties and crimes against its own people; and 
(2) the President should continue to vigorously 
enforce the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 
2019 to deny the al-Assad regime avenues to fund 
its malign activities. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (d) with respect to each 
individual and organization described in subsection (c). 
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(c) 
INDIVIDUALS
AND
ORGANIZATIONS
DE-
SCRIBED.—The individuals and organizations described in 
this subsection are the following: 
(1) The Badr Organization. 
(2) Hadi Al-Ameri, leader of the Badr Organi-
zation. 
(3) The Wagner Group. 
(4) Major General Abbas Ibrahim of the Leba-
nese General Security Directorate. 
(5) The Damascus Securities Exchange. 
(6) The Imam Ali Brigades. 
(7) The al-Baraka Bank Syria. 
(8) The al-Badia Cement Plant. 
(9) The Bank Audi Syria. 
(10) The International Bank for Trade and Fi-
nance Syria. 
(11) The Bank of Syria and Overseas. 
(12) The Byblos Bank Syria. 
(13) The Real Estate Bank Syria. 
(14) The Banque Bemo Saudi Fransi. 
(15) The Basy Bank Syria. 
(16) The Arab Bank Syria. 
(17) The Qatar National Bank–Syria. 
(18) The Syria Gulf Bank. 
(19) The Fransabank Syria. 
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(20) The Parliament of Syria and every mem-
ber of the Parliament of Syria. 
(21) EmmaTel Syria. 
(22) Daman Sham. 
(23) The Central Financial Company for Fi-
nancial Services and Brokerage Syria (IFC). 
(24) Cham Capital. 
(25) First Global Investments Financial Com-
pany Syria (G1–SY). 
(26) Al Aula Company for Financial Investment 
Syria. 
(27) Alpha Capital for Financial Services. 
(28) Asiria Finance. 
(d) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are sanctions applicable with re-
spect to a foreign person pursuant to section 7412(b) of 
the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (22 
U.S.C. 8791 note). 
SEC. 106. LIMITATION ON WAIVER AUTHORITIES UNDER 
THE CAESAR CIVILIAN PROTECTION ACT OF 
2019. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that sanctions relief for the Government of Syria or 
a withdrawal of United States military forces in Syria 
should not be exchanged as ransom for the release of 
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American hostages in Syria because such ransom would 
only incentivize hostile regimes around the world to take 
American hostages. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Section 7432 of the Caesar Syria 
Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 8791 note) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ‘‘, for re-
newable periods not to exceed 180 days,’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘, once, for a period not to exceed one year,’’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ‘‘renewable 
periods’’ and inserting ‘‘a period’’. 
SEC. 107. MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO AREAS OF SYRIA 
CONTROLLED 
BY 
THE 
GOVERNMENT 
OF 
SYRIA. 
(a) DETERMINATION REGARDING AREAS OF SYRIA 
CONTROLLED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury shall determine, under section 
5318A of title 31, United States Code, whether rea-
sonable grounds exist for concluding that any of the 
jurisdictions of Syria described in paragraph (2) are 
jurisdictions of primary money laundering concern. 
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(2) JURISDICTIONS DESCRIBED.—The jurisdic-
tions of Syria described in this paragraph are the 
following: 
(A) The Damascus Governorate. 
(B) The Homs Governorate. 
(C) The Daraa Governorate. 
(D) The Damascus Countryside (Rif 
Dimeshq) Governorate. 
(E) The Latakia Governorate. 
(F) The Tartous Governorate. 
(G) The As-Suwayda Governorate. 
(b) ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE AND REPORTING 
REQUIREMENTS.—If the Secretary of the Treasury deter-
mines under subsection (a) that reasonable grounds exist 
for concluding that a jurisdiction of Syria described para-
graph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of primary 
money laundering concern, the Secretary, in consultation 
with the Federal functional regulators (as defined in sec-
tion 509 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 
6809)), shall impose one or more of the special measures 
described in section 5318A(b) of title 31, United States 
Code, with respect to the jurisdiction. 
(c) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
making a determination under subsection (a) with 
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respect to whether a jurisdiction of Syria described 
paragraph (2) of subsection (a) is a jurisdiction of 
primary money laundering concern, the Secretary of 
the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report that includes the rea-
sons for the determination. 
(2) FORM.—A report required by paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
TITLE II—OTHER PROVISIONS 
SEC. 201. DETERMINATION AND REPORT RELATING TO 
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, GENOCIDE, AND 
WAR CRIMES IN SYRIA. 
(a) DETERMINATION.—The Secretary of State shall 
make a determination with respect to each of the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Whether the al-Assad regime’s intentional 
barrel bombs dropped on the civilian population of 
Syria, the ‘‘starve or surrender’’ campaign of sieges 
throughout the Syrian conflict, or the campaign of 
forced displacement and widespread torture, particu-
larly against the Sunni Muslim population of Syria, 
can be considered systematic and widespread and 
therefore constitutes crimes against humanity or 
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constitutes genocide as defined in subsection (a) of 
section 1091 of title 18, United States Code. 
(2) Whether Iran, Hezbollah, and Iranian- 
backed militias’ sectarian cleansing campaigns espe-
cially in the Damascus suburbs, particularly against 
the Sunni Muslim population of Syria, can be con-
sidered systematic and widespread and therefore 
constitutes crimes against humanity or constitutes 
genocide as defined in subsection (a) of section 1091 
of title 18, United States Code. 
(3) Whether the al-Assad regime’s and the Rus-
sian Federation’s intentional targeting of hospitals 
and relief workers, constitutes a war crime as de-
fined in section 2441 of title 18 of the United States 
Code. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of State shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees and make available to the public 
a report that contains each determination made 
under subsection (a). 
(2) FORM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The report required by 
paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified 
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form, but may contain a classified annex if nec-
essary. 
(B) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY
OF
INFORMA-
TION.—The unclassified portion of such report 
shall be made available on a publicly available 
internet website of the Federal Government. 
SEC. 202. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF 
AND REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ESTABLISH-
MENT OF A NO-FLY ZONE, SAFE ZONES, OR A 
NO-BOMBING ZONE IN SYRIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that— 
(1) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements of the establishment 
and maintenance of a no-fly zone over part or all of 
Syria, especially Idlib Province, to protect civilians 
from continuing al-Assad regime and Russian air 
strikes, including— 
(A) the operational and legal requirements 
for United States and coalition air power to es-
tablish a no-fly zone over part or all of Syria; 
(B) the impact a no-fly zone over part or 
all of Syria would have on the protection of ci-
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vilians, the prevention of a refugee crisis, the 
removal of the al-Assad regime, and humani-
tarian and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and 
the surrounding region; and 
(C) the potential for force contributions 
from other countries to establish a no-fly zone 
over part or all of Syria; 
(2) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements for the establishment 
of one or more safe zones in Syria for internally dis-
placed persons or for the facilitation of humani-
tarian assistance, including— 
(A) the operational and legal requirements 
for United States and coalition forces to estab-
lish one or more safe zones in Syria; 
(B) the impact one or more safe zones in 
Syria would have on humanitarian and counter-
terrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding 
region; and 
(C) the potential for contributions from 
other countries and vetted non-state actor part-
ners to establish and maintain one or more safe 
zones in Syria; and 
(3) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements of the establishment 
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and maintenance of a no-bombing zone over part or 
all of Syria, including— 
(A) the operational and legal requirements 
for United States and coalition air power to es-
tablish a no-bombing zone over part or all of 
Syria; 
(B) the impact a no-bombing zone over 
part or all of Syria would have on humanitarian 
and counterterrorism efforts in Syria and the 
surrounding region; and 
(C) the potential for force contributions 
from other countries to establish a no-bombing 
zone over part or all of Syria. 
(b) FORM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The report required by sub-
section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex if necessary. 
(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.— 
The unclassified portion of such report shall be 
made available on a publicly available internet 
website of the Federal Government. 
SEC. 203. REPORT ON NET WORTH OF SYRIAN PRESIDENT 
BASHAR AL-ASSAD. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
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in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a report on the esti-
mated net worth and known sources of income of Syrian 
President Bashar al-Assad and his family members (in-
cluding spouse, children, siblings, and paternal and mater-
nal cousins), including assets, investments, other business 
interests, and relevant beneficial ownership information. 
(b) FORM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The report required by sub-
section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex if necessary. 
(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.— 
The unclassified portion of such report shall be 
made available on a publicly available internet 
website of the Federal Government. 
SEC. 204. STRATEGY AND REPORT FOR REMOVING THE AL- 
ASSAD REGIME FROM POWER AND ACHIEV-
ING A TRANSITION TO A FREE AND DEMO-
CRATIC SYRIA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that there is no solution to the conflict in Syria as 
long as the regime led by Bashar al-Assad remains in 
power and that any attempts to rehabilitate the regime 
through so-called constitutional reform negotiations or al-
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lowing Bashar al-Assad to run in elections are unrealistic 
and doomed to fail. 
(b) STRATEGY.—The Secretary of State, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary 
of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a strategy for removing the al-Assad regime 
from power and achieving a transition to a free and demo-
cratic Syria. The strategy shall contain the following ele-
ments: 
(1) A description of how all elements of power 
can be utilized to achieve an irreversible political 
transition in Syria which would remove the al-Assad 
regime from power, and bring about a free and 
democratic Syria. 
(2) A description of what steps can be taken to 
ensure women’s rights, as well as the rights of 
Christians, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, Turkomen, 
Alawis, Ismailis, Druze, and other ethnic or religious 
minorities can be protected in Syria. 
(3) A description of how to protect Syrian civil-
ians from aerial bombardment by the al-Assad re-
gime and Russia. 
(4) A description of how economic sanctions can 
be utilized and enhanced to prevent funding of and 
normalization with the al-Assad regime especially 
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with regards to senior officials, and business entities 
of Arab countries which diplomatically recognize the 
al-Assad regime, including the governments of the 
United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, 
and Iraq. 
(5) A description regarding what steps can be 
taken to secure the freedom of thousands of political 
prisoners languishing in the prisons of the al-Assad 
regime as well as to free detained American hostages 
including Austin Tice, Majd Kamalmaz, and others, 
while not trading sanctions relief or diplomatic rec-
ognition of the al-Assad regime as ransom for the 
release of any hostages. 
(6) A description about whether United Nations 
aid to regime held areas in Syria is diverted from ci-
vilians and benefits the al-Assad regime, and how 
such assistance can be discontinued. 
(7) A description of how Iran and its backed 
militias especially the Iraqi Badr Corps, Kata’ib 
Hezbollah, Fatemiyoun, Zainabiyoun, ‘AsaibAhl al- 
Haq, and others can be removed from Syria. 
(8) A description of what steps can be utilized 
to bring about a reduction in Russian influence can 
be curbed in Syria and a withdrawal of Russian 
forces. 
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(9) A description of what steps can be utilized 
to ensure the enduring defeat of ISIS, al-Qaeda, and 
other Salafi-jihadi organizations in Syria. 
(10) An assessment of Russian and Iranian in-
fluence and objectives in Syria and the potential 
threat such influence poses to the United States. 
(c) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
State shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees and make available to the public a report 
that contains the strategy required by subsection 
(a). 
(2) FORM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The report required by 
paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified 
form, but may contain a classified annex if nec-
essary. 
(B) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY
OF
INFORMA-
TION.—The unclassified portion of such report 
shall be made available on a publicly available 
internet website of the Federal Government. 
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