rials needed to facilitate long-duration space explo-
ration.’’. 
(e) CLIMATE, ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE, 
AND 
OTHER ACTIVITIES.—Section 306 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) 
is further amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(g) 
EARTH
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS 
SCIENCES ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities au-
thorized under subsection (a), and in coordination 
with activities carried out under subsection (b), the 
Director shall carry out earth and environmental 
systems science research, in consultation with the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
and other relevant agencies, which may include ac-
tivities to— 
‘‘(A) understand, observe, and model the 
response of Earth’s atmosphere and biosphere 
to increased concentrations of greenhouse gas 
emissions and any associated changes in cli-
mate, including frequency and intensity of ex-
treme weather events; 
‘‘(B) understand the coupled physical, 
chemical, and biological processes to transform, 
immobilize, remove, or move carbon, nitrogen,
and other energy production-derived contami-
nants such as radionuclides and heavy metals, 
and understand the process of sequestration 
and transformation of these, carbon dioxide, 
and other relevant molecules in subsurface envi-
ronments; 
‘‘(C) understand, observe, and model the 
cycling of water, carbon, and nutrients in ter-
restrial systems and at scales relevant to re-
sources management; 
‘‘(D) understand the biological, biogeo-
chemical, and physical processes across the 
multiple scales that control the flux of environ-
mentally relevant compounds between the ter-
restrial surface and the atmosphere; and 
‘‘(E) inform potential natural mitigation 
and adaptation options for increased concentra-
tions of greenhouse gas emissions and any asso-
ciated changes in climate. 
‘‘(2) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the 
program authorized under paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor shall prioritize— 
‘‘(A) the development of software and algo-
rithms to enable the productive application of 
environmental systems and extreme weather in
climate and Earth system prediction models in 
high-performance computing systems; and 
‘‘(B) capabilities that support the Depart-
ment’s mission needs for energy and infrastruc-
ture security, resilience, and reliability. 
‘‘(3) ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SCIENCE RE-
SEARCH.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activi-
ties described in paragraph (1), the Director 
shall carry out research to advance an inte-
grated, robust, and scale-aware predictive un-
derstanding of environmental systems, including 
the role of hydrobiogeochemistry, from the sub-
surface to the top of the vegetative canopy that 
considers effects of seasonal to interannual vari-
ability and change. 
‘‘(B) CLEAN WATER AND WATERSHED RE-
SEARCH.—As part of the activities described in 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall— 
‘‘(i) support interdisciplinary research 
to significantly advance our understanding 
of water availability, quality, and the im-
pact of human activity and a changing cli-
mate on urban and rural watershed sys-
tems, including in freshwater environ-
ments; 
‘‘(ii) consult with the Interagency Re-
search, Development, and Demonstration 
Coordination Committee on the Nexus of 
Energy and Water for Sustainability estab-
lished under section 1010 of the Energy 
Act of 2020 (division Z of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 
116–260)) on energy-water nexus research 
activities; and 
‘‘(iii) engage with representatives of 
research and academic institutions, non-
profit organizations, State, local, and tribal 
governments, and industry, who have ex-
pertise in technologies, technological inno-
vations, or practices relating to the energy- 
water nexus, as applicable. 
‘‘(C) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(i) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall 
carry out activities under this paragraph in 
accordance with priorities established by 
the Secretary to support and accelerate the 
decontamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department.
‘‘(ii) 
SECRETARY.—The 
Secretary 
shall ensure the coordination of activities 
of the Department, including activities 
under this paragraph, to support and ac-
celerate the decontamination of relevant fa-
cilities managed by the Department. 
‘‘(4) CLIMATE
AND
EARTH
MODELING.—As 
part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the 
Director, in collaboration with the Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research program described in 
section 304 and other programs carried out by the 
Department, as applicable, and in consultation with 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion and other relevant agencies, shall carry out re-
search to develop, evaluate, and use high-resolution 
regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and 
other relevant models to inform decisions on reduc-
ing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting im-
pacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
multisectoral 
interactions, 
including 
socio-
economic factors as appropriate, which may in-
clude the impacts of climate policies on social 
and regional equity and well-being, and the
interdependencies and risks at the energy- 
water-land nexus; 
‘‘(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, 
energy supply and demand, and other critical 
elements; and 
‘‘(C) interaction among human and Earth 
systems informed by interdisciplinary research, 
including the economic and social sciences. 
‘‘(5) MID-SCALE FUNDING MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any of the activities 
authorized in this subsection may be carried out 
by competitively selected mid-scale, multi-insti-
tutional research centers in lieu of individual re-
search grants, or large-scale experiments or 
user facilities. 
‘‘(B) 
CONSIDERATION.—The 
Biological 
and Environmental Research Advisory Com-
mittee shall provide recommendations to the Di-
rector on projects most suitable for the research 
centers described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(h) BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 
USER FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a program for the development, construction, op-
eration, and maintenance of user facilities to en-
hance the collection and analysis of observational 
data related to complex biological, climate, and envi-
ronmental systems. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the user facilities devel-
oped, constructed, operated, or maintained under 
paragraph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) distributed field research and obser-
vation platforms for understanding earth sys-
tem processes; 
‘‘(B) analytical techniques, instruments, 
and modeling resources for understanding the 
physical, chemical, and cellular processes of bio-
logical and environmental systems; 
‘‘(C) integrated high-throughput sequenc-
ing, advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA de-
sign and synthesis, metabolomics, and computa-
tional analysis; and 
‘‘(D) such other facilities as the Director 
considers appropriate, consistent with section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
‘‘(3) EXISTING
FACILITIES.—In carrying out 
the program established in paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of ex-
isting user facilities and, to the maximum extent 
practicable, invest in modernization of those capa-
bilities to address emerging research priorities. 
‘‘(4) USER FACILITIES INTEGRATION AND COL-
LABORATION PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
support a program of collaboration between 
user facilities as defined under this subsection 
to encourage and enable researchers to more 
readily integrate the tools, expertise, resources, 
and capabilities of multiple Office of Science 
user facilities (as described in section 209(d) of 
the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and ad-
vance emerging technologies. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—The program shall ad-
vance the integration of automation, robotics, 
computational 
biology, 
bioinformatics, 
bio-
sensing, cellular platforms and other relevant 
emerging technologies as determined by the Di-
rector to enhance productivity and scientific im-
pact of user facilities. 
‘‘(5) EARTH
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS 
SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
activities authorized under paragraph (1), the 
Director shall establish and operate user facili-
ties to advance the collection, validation, and 
analysis of atmospheric data, including activi-
ties to advance knowledge and improve model 
representations and measure the impact of at-
mospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth 
and environmental systems. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall se-
lect user facilities under paragraph (1) on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director 
shall consider applications from the National 
Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
multi-institutional collaborations, and other ap-
propriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING FACILITIES.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the Director shall uti-
lize existing facilities to carry out this sub-
section. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram authorized in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
ensure that the Office of Science— 
‘‘(A) consults and coordinates with the Na-
tional Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the
Environmental Protection Agency, the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the De-
partment of Agriculture, the Department of the 
Interior, and any other relevant Federal agency 
on the collection, validation, and analysis of at-
mospheric data; and 
‘‘(B) coordinates with relevant stake-
holders, including institutes of higher education, 
nonprofit research institutions, industry, State, 
local, and tribal governments, and other appro-
priate entities to ensure access to the best avail-
able relevant atmospheric and historical weath-
er data. 
‘‘(i) COASTAL ZONE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a research program, in consultation with the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to 
enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems. In 
carrying out this program, the Director shall 
prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of obser-
vational data, and shall develop models to analyze 
the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and 
physical processes that interact in coastal zones. 
‘‘(2) NATIONAL
SYSTEM
FOR
COASTAL
DATA 
COLLECTION.—The Director shall establish, in con-
sultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and other relevant agencies, an inte-
grated system of geographically diverse field re-
search sites in order to improve the quantity and 
quality of observational data, and that encompass 
the major land water interfaces of the United 
States, including— 
‘‘(A) the Great Lakes region; 
‘‘(B) the Pacific coast; 
‘‘(C) the Atlantic coast; 
‘‘(D) the Arctic; and 
‘‘(E) the Gulf coast. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying 
out the programs and establishing the field research 
sites under paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary 
shall leverage existing research and development in-
frastructure supported by the Department, including 
the Department’s existing marine and coastal re-
search lab. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—For the purposes of car-
rying out the programs and establishing the field re-
search sites under the Initiative, the Secretary may 
enter into agreements with Federal Departments 
and agencies with complementary capabilities.
‘‘(5) REPORT.—Not less than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of the Department of Energy 
Science for the Future Act, the Director shall pro-
vide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate a report examining 
whether the system described in this section should 
be established as a National User Facility. 
‘‘(j) TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.—The Director 
shall support a technology research program for the devel-
opment of instrumentation and other research tools re-
quired to meet the missions of the Department and to pro-
vide platform technologies for the broader scientific com-
munity. Technologies shall include but are not limited to— 
‘‘(1) cryo-electron microscopy; 
‘‘(2) fabricated ecosystems; 
‘‘(3) next generation sensors including quantum 
sensors for biological integration and bioproduction; 
‘‘(4) technologies to accelerate data analysis; 
and 
‘‘(5) plant and microbial phenotyping for gene 
discovery. 
‘‘(k) EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish within the Biological and Environmental Re-
search program an initiative focused on the develop-
ment of engineered ecosystems through the applica-
tion of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabili-
ties, and other emerging technologies. 
‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Sec-
retary shall coordinate with the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Administrator of the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and 
other relevant officials to avoid duplication of re-
search and observational activities and to ensure 
that activities carried out under this initiative are 
complimentary to those currently being undertaken 
by other agencies. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall pro-
vide a report to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House, and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, on the 
activity mandated in subsection (k). 
‘‘(l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section—
‘‘(1) $820,360,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $886,385,200 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $956,332,164 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,020,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,099,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH 
PROGRAM. 
(a) 
ADVANCED
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING
RE-
SEARCH.—Section 304 of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) 
as subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities author-
ized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Orga-
nization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry 
out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and 
private sector entities, a research, development, and dem-
onstration program to— 
‘‘(1) steward applied mathematics, computa-
tional science, and computer science research rel-
evant to the missions of the Department and the 
competitiveness of the United States;
‘‘(2) develop modeling, simulation, and other 
computational tools relevant to other scientific dis-
ciplines and to the development of new energy tech-
nologies and other technologies; 
‘‘(3) advance computing and networking capa-
bilities for data-driven discovery; and 
‘‘(4) develop advanced scientific computing 
hardware and software tools for science and engi-
neering.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c) (as redesignated under 
paragraph (1))— 
(A) by striking ‘‘The Director’’ and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Director’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Under Secretary for 
Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities 
of the Department, including activities under this 
section, to determine and meet the computational 
and networking research and facility needs of the 
Office of Science and all other relevant energy tech-
nology and energy efficiency programs within the 
Department and with other Federal agencies as ap-
propriate.’’;
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DE-
VELOPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND 
COMPUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out activities to develop, test, and support— 
‘‘(A) mathematics, statistics, and algo-
rithms for modeling complex systems relevant 
to the missions of the Department, including on 
advanced computing architectures; and 
‘‘(B) tools, languages, programming envi-
ronments, and operations for high-end com-
puting systems (as defined in section 2 of the 
American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 
U.S.C. 5541). 
‘‘(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
maintain a balanced portfolio within the ad-
vanced scientific computing research and devel-
opment program established under section 976 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16316) that supports robust investment in— 
‘‘(i) applied mathematical, computa-
tional, and computer sciences research
needs relevant to the mission of the De-
partment, including foundational areas 
that are critical to the advancement of en-
ergy sciences and technologies and new 
and emerging computing technologies; and 
‘‘(ii) 
associated 
high-performance 
computing hardware and facilities. 
‘‘(B) 
EXASCALE
ECOSYSTEM 
SUSTAINMENT.— 
‘‘(i) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the 
sense of Congress that the Exascale Com-
puting Project has successfully created a 
broad ecosystem that provides shared soft-
ware packages, novel evaluation systems, 
and applications relevant to the science 
and engineering requirements of the De-
partment, and that such products must be 
maintained and improved in order that the 
full potential of the deployed systems can 
be continuously realized. 
‘‘(ii) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary 
shall seek to sustain and evolve the eco-
system referenced in clause (i) to ensure 
that the exascale software stack and other 
research software will continue to be main-
tained, hardened, and otherwise optimized 
for long-term use on exascale systems and 
beyond and reliable availability to the user 
community.’’; and 
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program to develop and implement a strategy 
for achieving computing systems with capabilities be-
yond exascale computing systems. In establishing 
this program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain foundational research pro-
grams in mathematical, computational, and 
computer sciences focused on new and emerging 
computing needs within the mission of the De-
partment, including post-Moore’s law computing 
architectures, novel approaches to modeling and 
simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific 
machine learning, quantum computing, edge 
computing, extreme heterogeneity, and distrib-
uted high-performance computing; 
‘‘(B) retain best practices and maintain 
support for essential hardware, applications, 
and software elements of the Exascale Com-
puting Program that are necessary for sus-
taining the vitality of a long-term capable soft-
ware ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and 
‘‘(C) develop a Department-wide strategy 
for balancing on-premises and cloud-based com-
puting and scientific data management. 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of the Department of En-
ergy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives, and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate, a report on the development and implemen-
tation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) ARCHITECTURAL
RESEARCH
IN
HETERO-
GENEOUS COMPUTING SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program of research and development in het-
erogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to 
expand understanding of the potential for hetero-
geneous and reconfigurable computing systems to 
deliver high performance, high efficiency computing 
for Department of Energy mission challenges. This 
shall include research and development that explores 
the convergence of big data analytics, simulations,
and artificial intelligence to drive the design of het-
erogenous computing system architectures. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this pro-
gram, the Secretary shall ensure coordination be-
tween research activities undertaken by the Ad-
vanced Scientific Computing Research program and 
materials research supported by the Basic Energy 
Sciences program within the Department of Energy 
Office of Science. 
‘‘(g) ENERGY EFFICIENT COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port a program of fundamental research, develop-
ment, and demonstration of energy efficient com-
puting and data center technologies relevant to ad-
vanced computing applications, including high per-
formance computing, artificial intelligence, and sci-
entific machine learning. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 
‘‘(A) PROGRAM.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a partnership for Na-
tional Laboratories, industry partners, and 
institutions of higher education for co-
design of energy efficient hardware, tech-
nology, software, and applications across 
all applicable program offices of the De-
partment, and provide access to energy ef-
ficient computing resources to such part-
ners; 
‘‘(ii) develop hardware and software 
technologies that decrease the energy needs 
of advanced computing practices, including 
through data center co-design; 
‘‘(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
computing architectures in collaboration 
with the program established under sub-
section (f) including neuromorphic com-
puting, persistent computing, and ultrafast 
networking; and 
‘‘(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access 
for researchers from institutions of higher 
education, National Laboratories, industry, 
and other Federal agencies to the energy 
efficient computing technologies developed 
pursuant to clause (i). 
‘‘(B) SELECTION
OF
PARTNERS.—In se-
lecting participants for the partnership estab-
lished under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary
shall select participants through a competitive, 
merit review process. 
‘‘(C) REPORT.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of the Depart-
ment of Energy Science for the Future Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report 
on— 
‘‘(i) the activities conducted under 
subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the program under subparagraph 
(A) to ensure an integrated research pro-
gram across the Department. 
‘‘(h) ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user 
facility in order to meet the research needs of the 
Department for highly reliable data transport capa-
bilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale 
science.
‘‘(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabili-
ties: 
‘‘(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
networking across the continental United States 
and the Atlantic Ocean. 
‘‘(B) To ensure network reliability. 
‘‘(C) To protect the network infrastructure 
from cyber-attacks. 
‘‘(D) To manage transport of exponentially 
increasing levels of data from the Department’s 
National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, 
experiments, and sensors. 
‘‘(E) To contribute to the integration of 
heterogeneous computing frameworks and sys-
tems. 
‘‘(i) COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE GRADUATE FELLOW-
SHIP.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship 
program in order to facilitate collaboration between 
graduate students and researchers at the National 
Laboratories, and contribute to the development of 
a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to
help advance research in areas relevant to the mis-
sion of the Department. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Advanced Scientific Com-
puting Research Program, the Secretary shall make 
available for carrying out the activities under this 
section— 
‘‘(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) QUANTUM SCIENCE NETWORK.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amend-
ed—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 
any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 
to enable the development and deployment of scal-
able and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 
(2) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NET-
WORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT
PROGRAM.—(A) Title IV of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure 
in order to— 
‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 
quantum computing systems through the internet 
and intranet;
‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 
scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu-
nications technologies and strategies; and 
‘‘(4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the 
Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network 
User Facility. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science of the National 
Science and Technology Council established 
under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the 
Economic and Security Implications of Quan-
tum Science; 
‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with indus-
try, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and other research institutions to facili-
tate new quantum infrastructure methods and tech-
nologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 
loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec-
tions, and classical networking and cybersecu-
rity protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 
state sources and transmission, control, and 
measurement of quantum states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 
short range local connections between quantum 
processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 
signals between optical and telecommunications 
regimes and quantum computer-relevant do-
mains, including microwaves; 
‘‘(E) development of quantum memory 
buffers and small-scale quantum computers 
that are compatible with photon-based quantum 
bits in the optical or telecommunications wave-
lengths; 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 
at both the terrestrial and space-based level 
using quantum repeaters, allowing entangle-
ment-based protocols between small- and large 
scale quantum processors; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, re-
peaters, and related technologies necessary to 
create secure long-distance quantum commu-
nication; and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 
quantum technology stack into traditional com-
puting networks, including the development of 
remote controlled, high performance, and reli-
able implementations of key quantum network 
components by leveraging the expertise, infra-
structure and supplemental investments in the 
Energy Sciences Network User Facility; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic De-
velopment Consortium (QED–C) to transition com-
ponent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate 
the development of a quantum supply chain for 
quantum network technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci-
entific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and 
material science to enhance the understanding, pre-
diction, and manipulation of materials, processes, 
and physical phenomena relevant to quantum net-
work infrastructure;
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
collaboration with the Department of Energy’s En-
ergy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to 
support cross-cutting fundamental research and de-
velopment activities with diverse stakeholders from 
industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of 
higher education; and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
applications that span the Department of Energy’s 
missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex-
pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) 
the 
National 
Quantum 
Information 
Science Research Centers.
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Department of En-
ergy Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year re-
search plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research 
needs relating to quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall 
review activities carried out under this section to deter-
mine the achievement of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 
‘‘SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EX-
PANSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish 
and carry out a program (to be known as the ‘Quantum 
User Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or 
‘QUEST program’) to encourage and facilitate access to
108 
‘‘(2) using expertise from the private sector, in-
stitutions of higher education, and the National 
Laboratories to develop computational software and 
capabilities that prospective users may accelerate 
emerging infectious diseases research and develop-
ment; 
‘‘(3) leveraging the research infrastructure of 
the Department, including scientific computing user 
facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering fa-
cilities, nanoscale science research centers, and se-
quencing and bio-characterization facilities by co-
ordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and Biological and 
Environmental Research programs within the Office 
of Science; 
‘‘(4) leveraging experience from existing mod-
eling and simulation research and work sponsored by 
the Department and promoting collaboration and 
data sharing between National Laboratories, re-
search entities, and user facilities of the Department 
by providing the necessary access and secure data 
transfer capabilities; and 
‘‘(5) ensuring that new experimental and com-
putational tools are accessible to relevant research 
communities, including private sector entities to ad-