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(2) PROJECTS.—Projects under paragraph (1)
may include the measurement of properties at the
scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, manipulation at such
scales, and the integration of technologies based on
nanoscience or nanoengineering into bulk materials
or other technologies.
(3) FACILITIES.—Facilities under paragraph (1)
may include electron microcharacterization facilities,
microlithography facilities, scanning probe facilities
and related instrumentation science.
(4) COLLABORATION.—The Secretary shall en-
courage collaborations among universities, labora-
tories and industry at facilities under this subsection.
At least one facility under this subsection shall have
a specific mission of technology transfer to other in-
stitutions and to industry.
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) TOTAL AUTHORIZATION.—From amounts au-
thorized to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the
following amounts are authorized for activities under
this section—
(A) $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $330,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
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(2) NANOSCIENCE
AND
NANOENGINEERING
RE-
SEARCH CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION.—
Of the amounts under paragraph (1), the following
amounts are authorized to carry out subsection (c)—
(A) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1253. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING FOR EN-
ERGY MISSIONS.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Office of Science, shall support a program to advance
the Nation’s computing capability across a diverse set of
grand challenge computationally based science problems re-
lated to departmental missions.
(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In car-
rying out the program under this section, the Office of
Science shall—
(1) advance basic science through computation
by developing software to solve grand challenge
science problems on new generations of computing
platforms;
(2) enhance the foundations for scientific com-
puting by developing the basic mathematical and
computing systems software needed to take full advan-
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tage of the computing capabilities of computers with
peak speeds of 100 teraflops or more, some of which
may be unique to the scientific problem of interest;
(3) enhance national collaboratory and net-
working capabilities by developing software to inte-
grate geographically separated researchers into effec-
tive research teams and to facilitate access to and
movement and analysis of large (petabyte) data sets;
and
(4) maintain a robust scientific computing hard-
ware infrastructure to ensure that the computing re-
sources needed to address DOE missions are avail-
able; explore new computing approaches and tech-
nologies that promise to advance scientific computing.
(c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE
COMPUTING
ACT
PRO-
GRAM.—Section 203(a) of the High-Performance Com-
puting Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5523(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding after paragraph (4) the following:
‘‘(5) conduct an integrated program of research,
development, and provision of facilities to develop
and deploy to scientific and technical users the high-
performance computing and collaboration tools needed
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to fulfill the statutory missions of the Department of
Energy in conducting basic and applied energy re-
search.’’.
(d) COORDINATION WITH THE DOE NATIONAL NU-
CLEAR SECURITY AGENCY ACCELERATED STRATEGIC COM-
PUTING INITIATIVE
AND OTHER NATIONAL COMPUTING
PROGRAMS.—The Secretary shall ensure that this program,
to the extent feasible, is integrated and consistent with—
(1) the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initia-
tive of the National Nuclear Security Agency; and
(2) other national efforts related to advanced sci-
entific computing for science and engineering.
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251(b), the following
amounts are authorized for activities under this section—
(1) $285,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $320,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1254. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM AND PLAN-
NING.
(a) OVERALL PLAN FOR FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES
PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months after
the date of enactment of this subtitle, the Secretary,
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after consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee, shall develop and transmit to
the Congress a plan to ensure a strong scientific base
for the Fusion Energy Sciences Program within the
Office of Science and to enable the experiments de-
scribed in subsections (b) and (c).
(2) OBJECTIVES OF PLAN.—The plan under this
subsection shall include as its objectives—
(A) to ensure that existing fusion research
facilities and equipment are more fully utilized
with appropriate measurements and control
tools;
(B) to ensure a strengthened fusion science
theory and computational base;
(C) to encourage and ensure that the selec-
tion of and funding for new magnetic and iner-
tial fusion research facilities is based on sci-
entific innovation and cost effectiveness;
(D) to improve the communication of sci-
entific results and methods between the fusion
science community and the wider scientific com-
munity;
(E) to ensure that adequate support is pro-
vided to optimize the design of the magnetic fu-
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sion burning plasma experiments referred to in
subsections (b) and (c); and
(F) to ensure that inertial confinement fu-
sion facilities are utilized to the extent prac-
ticable for the purpose of inertial fusion energy
research and development.
(b) PLAN
FOR UNITED STATES FUSION EXPERI-
MENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, after consulta-
tion with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Com-
mittee, shall develop a plan for construction in the
United States of a magnetic fusion burning plasma
experiment for the purpose of accelerating scientific
understanding of fusion plasmas. The Secretary shall
request a review of the plan by the National Academy
of Sciences and shall transmit the plan and the re-
view to the Congress by July 1, 2004.
(2) REQUIREMENTS
OF
PLAN.—The plan de-
scribed in paragraph (1) shall—
(A) address key burning plasma physics
issues; and
(B) include specific information on the sci-
entific capabilities of the proposed experiment,
the relevance of these capabilities to the goal of
practical fusion energy, and the overall design of
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the experiment including its estimated cost and
potential construction sites.
(c) PLAN FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL
EXPERIMENT.—In addition to the plan described in sub-
section (b), the Secretary, after consultation with the Fusion
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, may also develop a
plan for United States participation in an international
burning plasma experiment for the same purpose, whose
construction is found by the Secretary to be highly likely
and where United States participation is cost-effective rel-
ative to the cost and scientific benefits of a domestic experi-
ment described in subsection (b). If the Secretary elects to
develop a plan under this subsection, he shall include the
information described in subsection (b)(2), and an estimate
of the cost of United States participation in such an inter-
national experiment. The Secretary shall request a review
by the National Academy of Sciences of a plan developed
under this subsection, and shall transmit the plan and the
review to the Congress no later than July 1, 2004.
(d) AUTHORIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Secretary, through the Office of Science, may
conduct any research and development necessary to fully
develop the plans described in this section.
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251, the following
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amounts are authorized for activities under this section and
for activities of the Fusion Energy Science Program—
(1) for fiscal year 2003, $335,000,000;
(2) for fiscal year 2004, $349,000,000;
(3) for fiscal year 2005, $362,000,000; and
(4) for fiscal year 2006, $377,000,000.
Subtitle F—Energy, Safety, and
Environmental Protection
SEC. 1261. CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROTEC-
TION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a re-
search, development, demonstration and technology deploy-
ment program, in partnership with industry, on critical
energy infrastructure protection, consistent with the roles
and missions outlined for the Secretary in Presidential De-
cision Directive 63, entitled ‘‘Critical Infrastructure Protec-
tion’’. The program shall have the following goals:
(1) Increase the understanding of physical and
information system disruptions to the energy infra-
structure that could result in cascading or widespread
regional outages.
(2) Develop energy infrastructure assurance
‘‘best practices’’ through vulnerability and risk assess-
ments.
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(3) Protect against, mitigate the effect of, and
improve the ability to recover from disruptive inci-
dents within the energy infrastructure.
(b) PROGRAM SCOPE.—The program under subsection
(a) shall include research, development, deployment, tech-
nology demonstration for—
(1) analysis of energy infrastructure inter-
dependencies to quantify the impacts of system
vulnerabilities in relation to each other;
(2) probabilistic risk assessment of the energy in-
frastructure to account for unconventional and ter-
rorist threats;
(3) incident tracking and trend analysis tools to
assess the severity of threats and reported incidents to
the energy infrastructure; and
(4) integrated multisensor, warning and mitiga-
tion technologies to detect, integrate, and localize
events affecting the energy infrastructure including
real time control to permit the reconfiguration of en-
ergy delivery systems.
(c) REGIONAL COORDINATION.—The program under
this section shall cooperate with Departmental activities to
promote regional coordination under section 102 of this Act,
to ensure that the technologies and assessments developed
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by the program are transferred in a timely manner to State
and local authorities, and to the energy industries.
(d) COORDINATION WITH INDUSTRY RESEARCH ORGA-
NIZATIONS.—The Secretary may enter into grants, con-
tracts, and cooperative agreements with industry research
organizations to facilitate industry participation in re-
search under this section and to fulfill applicable cost-shar-
ing requirements.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
this section—
(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(f) CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘critical en-
ergy infrastructure facility’’ means a physical or cyber-
based system or service for the generation, transmission or
distribution of electrical energy, or the production, refining,
transportation, or storage of petroleum, natural gas, or pe-
troleum product, the incapacity or destruction of which
would have a debilitating impact on the defense or economic
security of the United States. The term shall not include
a facility that is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Com-
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mission under section 103 or 104b of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2133 and 2134(b)).
SEC. 1262. RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION FOR REMEDI-
ATION OF GROUNDWATER FROM ENERGY AC-
TIVITIES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a re-
search, development, demonstration, and technology deploy-
ment program to improve methods for environmental res-
toration of groundwater contaminated by energy activities,
including oil and gas production, surface and underground
mining of coal, and in-situ extraction of energy resources.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003
through 2006.
TITLE XIII—CLIMATE CHANGE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Subtitle A—Department of Energy
Programs
SEC. 1301. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GLOBAL CHANGE RE-
SEARCH.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary, acting
through the Office of Science, shall conduct a comprehensive
research program to understand and address the effects of
energy production and use on the global climate system.
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(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—
(1) CLIMATE MODELING.—The Secretary shall—
(A) conduct observational and analytical
research to acquire and interpret the data needed
to describe the radiation balance from the surface
of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere;
(B) determine the factors responsible for the
Earth’s radiation balance and incorporate im-
proved understanding of such factors in climate
models;
(C) improve the treatment of aerosols and
clouds in climate models;
(D) reduce the uncertainty in decade-to-cen-
tury model-based projections of climate change;
and
(E) increase the availability and utility of
climate change simulations to researchers and
policy makers interested in assessing the rela-
tionship between energy and climate change.
(2) CARBON CYCLE.—The Secretary shall—
(A) carry out field research and modeling
activities—
(i) to understand and document the net
exchange of carbon dioxide between major
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terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere;
or
(ii) to evaluate the potential of pro-
posed methods of carbon sequestration;
(B) develop and test carbon cycle models;
and
(C) acquire data and develop and test mod-
els to simulate and predict the transport, trans-
formation, and fate of energy-related emissions
in the atmosphere.
(3) ECOLOGICAL
PROCESSES.—The Secretary
shall carry out long-term experiments of the response
of intact terrestrial ecosystems to—
(A) alterations in climate and atmospheric
composition; or
(B) land-use changes that affect ecosystem
extent and function.
(4) INTEGRATED
ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary
shall develop and improve methods and tools for inte-
grated analyses of the climate change system from
emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases to the con-
sequences of these emissions on climate and the result-
ing effects of human-induced climate change on eco-
nomic and social systems, with emphasis on critical
gaps in integrated assessment modeling, including
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modeling of technology innovation and diffusion and
the development of metrics of economic costs of cli-
mate change and policies for mitigating or adapting
to climate change.
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251(b), there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
out activities under this section—
(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $230,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(d) LIMITATION ON FUNDS.—Funds authorized to be
appropriated under this section shall not be used for the
development, demonstration, or deployment of technology to
reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions.
SEC. 1302. AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL NONNUCLEAR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1974.
Section 6 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research
and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5905) is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at
the end;
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(B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period
at the end and inserting ‘‘, and’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) solutions to the effective management of
greenhouse gas emissions in the long term by the de-
velopment of technologies and practices designed to—
‘‘(A) reduce or avoid anthropogenic emis-
sions of greenhouse gases;
‘‘(B) remove and sequester greenhouse gases
from emissions streams; and
‘‘(C) remove and sequester greenhouse gases
from the atmosphere.’’; and
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (a)(1) through (3)’’ and inserting ‘‘para-
graphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a)’’; and
(B) in paragraph (3)—
(i) in subparagraph (R), by striking
‘‘and’’ at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (S), by striking
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’;
and
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
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‘‘(T) to pursue a long-term climate tech-
nology strategy designed to demonstrate a vari-
ety of technologies by which stabilization of
greenhouse gases might be best achieved, includ-
ing accelerated research, development, dem-
onstration and deployment of—
‘‘(i) renewable energy systems;
‘‘(ii) advanced fossil energy technology;
‘‘(iii) advanced nuclear power plant
design;
‘‘(iv) fuel cell technology for residen-
tial, industrial and transportation applica-
tions;
‘‘(v) carbon sequestration practices and
technologies, including agricultural and for-
estry practices that store and sequester car-
bon;
‘‘(vi) efficient electrical generation,
transmission and distribution technologies;
and
‘‘(vii) efficient end use energy tech-
nologies.’’.
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Subtitle B—Department of
Agriculture Programs
SEC. 1311. CARBON SEQUESTRATION BASIC AND APPLIED
RESEARCH.
(a) BASIC RESEARCH.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture
shall carry out research in the areas of soil science
that promote understanding of—
(A) the net sequestration of organic carbon
in soil; and
(B) net emissions of other greenhouse gases
from agriculture.
(2) AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH
SERVICE.—The
Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Agricul-
tural Research Service, shall collaborate with other
Federal agencies in developing data and carrying out
research addressing soil carbon fluxes (losses and
gains) and net emissions of methane and nitrous
oxide from cultivation and animal management ac-
tivities.
(3) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EXTENSION,
AND EDUCATION SERVICE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture, acting through the Cooperative State Re-
search, Extension, and Education Service, shall
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establish a competitive grant program to carry
out research on the matters described in para-
graph (1) in land grant universities and other
research institutions.
(B) CONSULTATION
ON
RESEARCH
TOP-
ICS.—Before issuing a request for proposals for
basic research under paragraph (1), the Coopera-
tive State Research, Extension, and Education
Service shall consult with the Agricultural Re-
search Service to ensure that proposed research
areas are complementary with and do not dupli-
cate research projects underway at the Agricul-
tural Research Service or other Federal agencies.
(b) APPLIED RESEARCH.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture
shall carry out applied research in the areas of soil
science, agronomy, agricultural economics and other
agricultural sciences to—
(A) promote understanding of—
(i) how agricultural and forestry prac-
tices affect the sequestration of organic and
inorganic carbon in soil and net emissions
of other greenhouse gases;