I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3452 
To codify the Six Assurances to Taiwan, provide congressional review of 
the Six Assurances, protect Taiwan from coercion, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 15, 2025 
Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI (for himself, Mr. MEEKS, Mr. STANTON, Mrs. KIM, 
Mr. NUNN of Iowa, and Ms. MALLIOTAKIS) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 
to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined 
by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To codify the Six Assurances to Taiwan, provide congres-
sional review of the Six Assurances, protect Taiwan from 
coercion, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Six Assurances to Tai-
wan Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) Taiwan is a free and prosperous democracy 
of more than 23,000,000 people and an important 
economic partner to the United States. 
(2) The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has 
long sought to subjugate Taiwan and has not re-
nounced the use of force to do so. 
(3) The United States longstanding One-China 
Policy, which is guided by the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the three United States-China Joint Communique´s, 
and the Six Assurances, has guided United States- 
Taiwan relations across successive administrations 
and contributed to peace and stability in the Indo- 
Pacific. 
(4) From July to August 1982, before and im-
mediately after the release of the United States- 
China Joint Communique´ on United States Arms 
Sales to Taiwan (‘‘the 1982 Joint Communique´’’) on 
August 17, 1982, the Reagan Administration articu-
lated six key foreign policy principles regarding 
United States-Taiwan relations. 
(5) On July 10, 1982, then-Under Secretary of 
State Lawrence Eagleburger sent a cable to James 
Lilley, then-director of the American Institute in 
Taiwan, detailing what the United States had not 
agreed to in its negotiations with the People’s Re-
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public of China over the 1982 Joint Communique´. 
He wrote— 
(A) ‘‘We have not agreed to set a date cer-
tain for ending arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(B) ‘‘We have not agreed to prior consulta-
tion on arms sales’’; 
(C) ‘‘We have not agreed to any mediation 
role for the U.S.’’; 
(D) ‘‘We have not agreed to revise the Tai-
wan Relations Act’’; 
(E) ‘‘We have not agreed to take any posi-
tion regarding sovereignty over Taiwan’’; and 
(F) ‘‘The PRC has at no time urged us to 
put pressure on Taiwan to negotiate with the 
PRC; however, we can assure you that we will 
never do so’’. 
(6) On August 17, 1982, then-Secretary of 
State Geroge Shultz provided Lilley with a version 
of the Six Assurances for Taiwan’s government to 
release, stating that the United States— 
(A) ‘‘has not agreed to set a date for end-
ing arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(B) ‘‘has not agreed to consult with the 
PRC on arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
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(C) ‘‘will not play any mediation role be-
tween Taipei and Beijing’’; 
(D) ‘‘has not agreed to revise the Taiwan 
Relations Act’’; 
(E) ‘‘has not altered its position regarding 
sovereignty over Taiwan’’; and 
(F) ‘‘will not exert pressure on Taiwan to 
enter into negotiations with the PRC’’. 
(7) On August 17, 1982, then-Assistant Sec-
retary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs 
John H. Holdridge testified on behalf of the execu-
tive branch before the Senate Committee on Foreign 
Relations about the 1982 Joint Communique´ that— 
(A) ‘‘[W]e did not agree to set a date cer-
tain for ending arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(B) ‘‘[The 1982 Joint Communique´] 
should not be read to imply that we have 
agreed to engage in prior consultations with 
Beijing on arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(C) ‘‘[W]e see no mediation role for the 
United States’’; 
(D) ‘‘We have no plans to seek any such 
revisions [to the Taiwan Relations Act]’’; 
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(E) ‘‘[T]here has been no change in our 
longstanding position on the issue of sov-
ereignty over Taiwan’’; and 
(F) ‘‘[N]or will we attempt to exert pres-
sure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with 
the PRC’’. 
(8) On August 18, 1982, Holdridge testified on 
behalf of the executive branch before the House 
Committee on Foreign Affairs about the 1982 Joint 
Communique´ that— 
(A) ‘‘[W]e did not agree to set a date cer-
tain for ending arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(B) ‘‘[The 1982 Joint Communique´] 
should not be read that we have agreed to en-
gage in prior consultations with Beijing on 
arms sales to Taiwan’’; 
(C) ‘‘[W]e see no mediation role for the 
United States’’; 
(D) ‘‘We have no plans to seek any such 
revisions [to the Taiwan Relations Act]’’; 
(E) ‘‘[T]here has been no change in our 
longstanding position on the issue of sov-
ereignty over Taiwan’’; and 
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(F) ‘‘[N]or will we attempt to exert pres-
sure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with 
the People’s Republic of China’’. 
(9) These six foreign policy principles, as ar-
ticulated by Eagleburger, Shultz, and Holdridge, 
have collectively come to be known as the Six Assur-
ances. 
(10) The House of Representatives and Senate 
passed a concurrent resolution ‘‘reaffirming the Tai-
wan Relations Act and the Six Assurances as corner-
stones of United States-Taiwan relations’’ on May 
16, 2016, and July 6, 2016, respectively. 
(11) The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act of 
2018 (Public Law 115–409) states that it is the pol-
icy of the United States ‘‘to faithfully enforce all ex-
isting United States Government commitments to 
Taiwan, consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act of 
1979 
(Public 
Law 
96–8), 
the 
[three 
Joint 
Communique´s], and the Six Assurances’’. 
(12) The National Defense Authorization Acts 
for Fiscal Years 2019 through 2025 (Public Laws 
115–232, 116–283, 116–92, 117–81, 117–263, 
118–31, and 118–159) each recognized the impor-
tance of the Six Assurances to United States-Taiwan 
relations. 
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(13) The Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 (Pub-
lic Law 116–260) states that ‘‘[i]t is the policy of 
the United States to reinforce its commitments to 
Taiwan under the Taiwan Relations Act in a manner 
consistent with the ‘Six Assurances’ and in accord-
ance with the United States ‘One China’ policy’’. 
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the maintenance of peace and stability 
across the Taiwan Strait is in the political, security, 
and economic interests of the United States and is 
a matter of international concern; 
(2) any unilateral change to the status quo 
from either side or negotiated settlement of the 
question of Taiwan’s status without the consent of 
both sides of the Strait is unacceptable; 
(3) the future of Taiwan must be determined by 
peaceful means; and 
(4) the maintenance of the Six Assurances con-
stitutes a stabilizing and necessary component of 
United States policy toward Taiwan. 
SEC. 4. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to reaffirm that, 
in the context of the 1982 Joint Communique´, the United 
States— 
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(1) did not agree to set a date for ending arms 
sales to Taiwan; 
(2) did not agree to consult with the People’s 
Republic of China on arms sales to Taiwan; 
(3) did not and will not agree to play any medi-
ation role; 
(4) did not agree to revise the Taiwan Relations 
Act; 
(5) did not take any position regarding the 
issue of sovereignty over Taiwan; and 
(6) will not exert pressure on Taiwan to enter 
into negotiations with the People’s Republic of 
China. 
SEC. 5. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF CERTAIN ACTIONS RE-
LATING TO THE SIX ASSURANCES TO TAIWAN. 
(a) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS OF PROPOSED AC-
TION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, before taking any action described 
in paragraph (2), the President shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees and leadership 
a notification that describes the proposed action and 
the reasons for that action. 
(2) ACTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—An action described in 
this paragraph is an action— 
(i) to pause or terminate the provision 
of arms of a defensive character to Tai-
wan; 
(ii) to negotiate with the People’s Re-
public of China about the provision of 
arms of a defensive character to Taiwan; 
(iii) to mediate between Taiwan and 
the People’s Republic of China regarding 
the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan; 
(iv) to change the United States long-
standing position on the issue of the sov-
ereignty over Taiwan; or 
(v) to exert pressure on Taiwan to 
enter into negotiations with the People’s 
Republic of China. 
(3) DESCRIPTION OF TYPE OF ACTION.—Each 
notification submitted under paragraph (1) with re-
spect to an action described in paragraph (2) shall 
include a description of whether the action is or is 
not intended to significantly alter United States for-
eign policy with respect to Taiwan or the People’s 
Republic of China. 
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(4) INCLUSION OF ADDITIONAL MATTER.—Each 
notification submitted under paragraph (1) that re-
lates to an action that is intended to significantly 
alter United States foreign policy with respect to 
Taiwan or the People’s Republic of China shall in-
clude a description of— 
(A) the significant alteration to United 
States foreign policy with respect to Taiwan or 
the People’s Republic of China; 
(B) the anticipated effect of the action on 
the economic and national security interests of 
the United States; and 
(C) the anticipated effect of the action on 
the issue of the sovereignty over Taiwan. 
(b) PERIOD FOR REVIEW BY CONGRESS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—During the period of 30 cal-
endar days beginning on the date on which the 
President submits a notification under subsection 
(a)(1), the appropriate congressional committees 
should hold hearings and briefings and otherwise ob-
tain information in order to fully review the notifica-
tion. 
(2) EXCEPTION.—The period for congressional 
review under paragraph (1) of a notification re-
quired to be submitted under subsection (a)(1) shall 
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be 60 calendar days if the notification is submitted 
on or after July 10 and on or before September 7 
in any calendar year. 
(3) LIMITATION ON ACTIONS DURING INITIAL 
CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW PERIOD.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, during the period for 
congressional review provided for under paragraph 
(1) of a notification submitted under subsection 
(a)(1) proposing an action described in subsection 
(a)(2), including any additional period for such re-
view as applicable under the exception provided in 
paragraph (2), neither the President nor any other 
officer or employee of the United States may expend 
any appropriated funds in furtherance of that action 
unless a joint resolution of approval with respect to 
that action is enacted in accordance with subsection 
(c). 
(4) LIMITATION
ON
ACTIONS
DURING
PRESI-
DENTIAL CONSIDERATION OF A JOINT RESOLUTION 
OF DISAPPROVAL.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, if a joint resolution of disapproval re-
lating to a notification submitted under subsection 
(a)(1) proposing an action described in subsection 
(a)(2) passes both Houses of Congress in accordance 
with subsection (c), neither the President nor any 
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other officer or employee of the United States may 
expend any appropriated funds in furtherance of 
that action for a period of 12 calendar days after 
the date of passage of the joint resolution of dis-
approval. 
(5) LIMITATION ON ACTIONS DURING CONGRES-
SIONAL RECONSIDERATION OF A JOINT RESOLUTION 
OF DISAPPROVAL.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, if a joint resolution of disapproval re-
lating to a notification submitted under subsection 
(a)(1) proposing an action described in subsection 
(a)(2) passes both Houses of Congress in accordance 
with subsection (c), and the President vetoes the 
joint resolution, neither the President nor any other 
officer or employee of the United States may take 
that action or expend any appropriated funds in fur-
therance of that action for a period of 10 calendar 
days after the date of the President’s veto. 
(6) EFFECT OF ENACTMENT OF A JOINT RESO-
LUTION
OF
DISAPPROVAL.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, if a joint resolution of dis-
approval relating to a notification submitted under 
subsection (a)(1) proposing an action described in 
subsection (a)(2) is enacted in accordance with sub-
section (c), neither the President nor any other offi-
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cer or employee of the United States may take that 
action or expend any appropriated funds in further-
ance of that action. 
(c) JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF DISAPPROVAL OR AP-
PROVAL.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) JOINT RESOLUTION OF APPROVAL.— 
The term ‘‘joint resolution of approval’’ means 
only a joint resolution of either House of Con-
gress— 
(i) the title of which is as follows: ‘‘A 
joint resolution approving the President’s 
proposal to take an action relating to the 
Six Assurances to Taiwan.’’; and 
(ii) the sole matter after the resolving 
clause of which is the following: ‘‘Congress 
approves of the action relating to the ac-
tion with respect to the Six Assurances to 
Taiwan proposed by the President in the 
notification submitted to Congress under 
section 2(a)(1) of the Six Assurances to 
Taiwan Act on lllllll relating 
to llllllll.’’, with the first 
blank space being filled with the appro-
priate date and the second blank space 
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being filled with a short description of the 
proposed action. 
(B) 
JOINT
RESOLUTION
OF
DIS-
APPROVAL.—The term ‘‘joint resolution of dis-
approval’’ means only a joint resolution of ei-
ther House of Congress— 
(i) the title of which is as follows: ‘‘A 
joint resolution disapproving the Presi-
dent’s proposal to take an action relating 
to the Six Assurances to Taiwan.’’; and 
(ii) the sole matter after the resolving 
clause of which is the following: ‘‘Congress 
disapproves of the action relating to the 
Six Assurances to Taiwan proposed by the 
President in the notification submitted to 
Congress under section 2(a)(1) of the Six 
Assurances 
to 
Taiwan 
Act 
on 
lllllll 
relating 
to 
llllllll.’’, with the first blank 
space being filled with the appropriate date 
and the second blank space being filled 
with a short description of the proposed 
action. 
(2) INTRODUCTION.—During the period of 30 
calendar days provided for under subsection (b)(1), 
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including any additional period as applicable under 
the exception provided in subsection (b)(2), a joint 
resolution of approval or joint resolution of dis-
approval may be introduced— 
(A) in the House of Representatives, by 
the majority leader or the minority leader; and 
(B) in the Senate, by the majority leader 
(or the majority leader’s designee) or the mi-
nority leader (or the minority leader’s des-
ignee). 
(3) FLOOR CONSIDERATION IN HOUSE OF REP-
RESENTATIVES.—If the appropriate congressional 
committee of the House of Representatives has not 
reported the joint resolution within 10 legislative 
days after the date of referral, that committee shall 
be discharged from further consideration of the joint 
resolution. 
(4) CONSIDERATION IN THE SENATE.— 
(A) COMMITTEE REFERRAL.—A joint reso-
lution of approval or joint resolution of dis-
approval introduced in the Senate shall be re-
ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. 
(B) REPORTING AND DISCHARGE.—If the 
committee to which a joint resolution of ap-
proval or joint resolution of disapproval was re-
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ferred has not reported the joint resolution 
within 10 calendar days after the date of refer-
ral of the joint resolution, that committee shall 
be discharged from further consideration of the 
joint resolution and the joint resolution shall be 
placed on the appropriate calendar. 
(C) PROCEEDING
TO
CONSIDERATION.— 
Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the Standing 
Rules of the Senate, it is in order at any time 
after the Committee on Foreign Relations re-
ports a joint resolution of approval or joint res-
olution of disapproval to the Senate or has been 
discharged from consideration of such a joint 
resolution (even though a previous motion to 
the same effect has been disagreed to) to move 
to proceed to the consideration of the joint reso-
lution, and all points of order against the joint 
resolution (and against consideration of the 
joint resolution) are waived. The motion to pro-
ceed is not debatable. The motion is not subject 
to a motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider 
the vote by which the motion is agreed to or 
disagreed to shall not be in order. 
(D) RULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCE-
DURE.—Appeals from the decisions of the Chair 
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relating to the application of the rules of the 
Senate, as the case may be, to the procedure re-
lating to a joint resolution of approval or joint 
resolution of disapproval shall be decided with-
out debate. 
(E) 
CONSIDERATION
OF
VETO
MES-
SAGES.—Debate in the Senate of any veto mes-
sage with respect to a joint resolution of ap-
proval or joint resolution of disapproval, includ-
ing all debatable motions and appeals in con-
nection with the joint resolution, shall be lim-
ited to 10 hours, to be equally divided between, 
and controlled by, the majority leader and the 
minority leader or their designees. 
(5) RULES RELATING TO SENATE AND HOUSE 
OF REPRESENTATIVES.— 
(A) TREATMENT OF SENATE JOINT RESO-
LUTION
IN
HOUSE.—In the House of Rep-
resentatives, the following procedures shall 
apply to a joint resolution of approval or a joint 
resolution of disapproval received from the Sen-
ate (unless the House has already passed a 
joint resolution relating to the same proposed 
action): 
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(iv) The joint resolution shall be con-
sidered as read. All points of order against 
the joint resolution and against its consid-
eration are waived. The previous question 
shall be considered as ordered on the joint 
resolution to final passage without inter-
vening motion except 2 hours of debate 
equally divided and controlled by the spon-
sor of the joint resolution (or a designee) 
and an opponent. A motion to reconsider 
the vote on passage of the joint resolution 
shall not be in order. 
(B) TREATMENT OF HOUSE JOINT RESO-
LUTION IN SENATE.— 
(i) RECEIPT
BEFORE
PASSAGE.—If, 
before the passage by the Senate of a joint 
resolution of approval or joint resolution of 
disapproval, the Senate receives an iden-
tical joint resolution from the House of 
Representatives, the following procedures 
shall apply: 
(I) That joint resolution shall not 
be referred to a committee. 
(II) With respect to that joint 
resolution— 
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(aa) the procedure in the 
Senate shall be the same as if no 
joint resolution had been received 
from the House of Representa-
tives; but 
(bb) the vote on passage 
shall be on the joint resolution 
from the House of Representa-
tives. 
(ii) RECEIPT
AFTER
PASSAGE.—If, 
following passage of a joint resolution of 
approval or joint resolution of disapproval 
in the Senate, the Senate receives an iden-
tical joint resolution from the House of 
Representatives, that joint resolution shall 
be placed on the appropriate Senate cal-
endar. 
(iii) NO COMPANION MEASURE.—If a 
joint resolution of approval or a joint reso-
lution of disapproval is received from the 
House, and no companion joint resolution 
has been introduced in the Senate, the 
Senate procedures under this subsection 
shall apply to the House joint resolution. 
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(C) APPLICATION
TO
REVENUE
MEAS-
URES.—The provisions of this paragraph shall 
not apply in the House of Representatives to a 
joint resolution of approval or joint resolution 
of disapproval that is a revenue measure. 
(6) RULES
OF
HOUSE
OF
REPRESENTATIVES 
AND SENATE.—This subsection is enacted by Con-
gress— 
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power 
of the Senate and the House of Representa-
tives, respectively, and as such is deemed a part 
of the rules of each House, respectively, and su-
persedes other rules only to the extent that it 
is inconsistent with such rules; and 
(B) with full recognition of the constitu-
tional right of either House to change the rules 
(so far as relating to the procedure of that 
House) at any time, in the same manner, and 
to the same extent as in the case of any other 
rule of that House. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
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(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 6. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act, or the application there-
of, is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this 
Act and the application of such provision to other persons 
and circumstances shall not be affected thereby. 
Æ 
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