I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6213 
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 3, 2023 
Mr. LUCAS (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. COLLINS, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. 
WILLIAMS of New York, Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BABIN, Mr. SORENSEN, Mr. 
OBERNOLTE, Mrs. FOUSHEE, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, and Ms. ROSS) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Quantum Ini-
tiative Reauthorization Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 
(7), the first paragraph (8) (relating to the defini-
tion of the ‘‘Subcommittee on Economic and Secu-
rity Implications’’), and the second paragraph (8) 
(relating to the definition of the ‘‘Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science’’) as paragraphs (7), 
(9), (12), (13), (15), and (16), respectively; 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(4) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Fed-
eral laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno-
vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703). 
‘‘(5) FOREIGN
COUNTRY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘foreign country of concern’ means— 
‘‘(A) a country that is a covered nation (as 
such term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 
10, United States Code); and 
‘‘(B) any country that the Secretary of 
Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence, determines to be 
engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the 
national security or foreign policy of the United 
States. 
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‘‘(6) FOREIGN
ENTITY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘foreign entity of concern’ means a foreign en-
tity that is— 
‘‘(A) designated as a foreign terrorist orga-
nization by the Secretary of State under section 
219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1189(a)); 
‘‘(B) included on the list of specially des-
ignated nationals and blocked persons main-
tained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control 
of the Department of the Treasury (commonly 
known as the ‘SDN list’); 
‘‘(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to 
the jurisdiction or direction of a government of 
a foreign country that is a covered nation (as 
such term is defined in section 4872 of title 10, 
United States Code); 
‘‘(D) alleged by the Attorney General to 
have been involved in activities for which a con-
viction was obtained under— 
‘‘(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the ‘Es-
pionage Act’); 
‘‘(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, 
United States Code; 
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‘‘(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the ‘Eco-
nomic Espionage Act of 1996’); 
‘‘(iv) the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 
‘‘(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 
236 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and 
2284); 
‘‘(vi) the Export Control Reform Act 
of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or 
‘‘(vii) the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.); or 
‘‘(E) determined by the Secretary of Com-
merce, in consultation with the Secretary of De-
fense and the Director of National Intelligence, 
to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is 
detrimental to the national security or foreign 
policy of the United States.’’; 
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘(a)’’ each place it appears; 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so re-
designated, the following new paragraph: 
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‘‘(8) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na-
tional Laboratory’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801).’’; 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so re-
designated, the following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(10) QUANTUM
APPLICATIONS.—The term 
‘quantum applications’ means applications that use 
quantum information science engineering and tech-
nology, including quantum algorithms and software, 
quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids, 
quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 
encryption, or quantum communications applica-
tions. 
‘‘(11) QUANTUM COMPUTING.—The term ‘quan-
tum computing’ means any of a variety of quantum 
computing technologies, including quantum anneal-
ing and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a 
variety of qubit architectures, such as super-
conducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, spin 
atoms, or spin electrons.’’; 
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(12) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, TECH-
NOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING.—The term ‘quantum 
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information science, technology, and engineering’ 
means the understanding, translation, use, or appli-
cation of the laws of quantum physics for the stor-
age, transmission, manipulation, computing, simula-
tion, or measurement of information.’’; and 
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so re-
designated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(14) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the 
academic and professional disciplines of science, 
technology, engineering, and mathematics, including 
computer science.’’. 
SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8802) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘science and its technology applications’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ and 
inserting 
‘‘science, 
engineering, 
and 
tech-
nology’’; 
(B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read 
as follows: 
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‘‘(A) to expand the number of researchers, 
educators, and students with training in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline 
and retain international talent to the extent 
consistent with national security and inter-
national competitiveness;’’; 
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘science at the’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology at the primary, sec-
ondary,’’; 
(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘basic’’; 
(E) in subparagraph (D)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; 
(F) in subparagraph (E), by inserting 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; and 
(G) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) to support development of quantum 
applications, including quantum-hybrid applica-
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tions, to promote innovation and commercializa-
tion.’’; 
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘science and 
technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 
technology’’; 
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science and 
technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and 
technology’’; 
(5) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘National Laboratories,’’ 
after ‘‘Federal laboratories,’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(6) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘partnerships, re-
search collaborations, and’’ after ‘‘inter-
national’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology security’’ and inserting ‘‘science, 
engineering, and technology’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(D) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 
quantum capabilities between the United States 
and its allies and partners to strengthen and se-
cure the domestic supply chain and related eco-
system; and’’; and 
(7) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- 
and long-term viability of the quantum technology 
industry and commercialization of domestic quantum 
capacity across modalities.’’. 
SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM. 
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quan-
tum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘development’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘research development, and near- and me-
dium-term, and long-term demonstration’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘information science and 
technology’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘fundamental’’; 
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(B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘infrastructure,’’ after 
‘‘demonstration,’’; 
(3) in paragraph (3)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘and retain’’ after ‘‘to de-
velop’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘science and technology’’ 
and inserting ‘‘science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; 
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(4) provide for interagency planning and co-
ordination of Federal quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology research, development, 
demonstration, standards engagement, and other ac-
tivities under the Program, including activities au-
thorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum edu-
cational activities and programs authorized pursuant 
to section 10661 of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), 
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and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;’’; 
and 
(5) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘industry and universities’’ 
and inserting ‘‘industry, universities, and stra-
tegic allies’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, including human re-
sources’’ after ‘‘resources’’. 
SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE. 
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8812) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘who shall be’’ before 
‘‘appointed’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘, and who shall serve 
a four year term, subject to renewal’’ be-
fore the semicolon; and 
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(B) staff comprised of employees detailed 
from the Federal departments and agencies 
specified in section 103(b).’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
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(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘science 
and technology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engi-
neering, and technology research and work-
force’’; and 
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) ensure coordination among the collabo-
rative ventures or consortia established under this 
Act;’’. 
SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION 
SCIENCE. 
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8813) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as 
paragraph (13); and 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the 
following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
‘‘(10) the Department of State; 
‘‘(11) the Department of Homeland Security; 
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‘‘(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘the 
quantum information science and technology re-
search’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology research 
and quantum application development, dem-
onstration, and commercialization’’; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, engi-
neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 
(C) in paragraph (5), by inserting ‘‘, engi-
neering, and technology’’ after ‘‘science’’; 
(D) in paragraph (6)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; 
(E) in paragraph (7)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, technology, and en-
gineering’’ after ‘‘science’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(F) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportu-
nities to advance quantum applications related to en-
vironment, biotechnology, space, and other sectors.’’; 
and 
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ‘‘, in-
cluding a description of agency roles and responsibil-
ities’’ before the period. 
SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COM-
MITTEE. 
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8814) is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Committee 
shall consist of members, appointed by the President, who 
are— 
‘‘(1) representative of industry, including end 
users likely to benefit from quantum technology, uni-
versities, and Federal laboratories; and 
‘‘(2) qualified to provide advice and information 
on quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research, development, demonstrations, 
standards, STEM education, technology transfer, 
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enhancing or can enhance the capabilities of the 
United States advanced industrial economy and 
protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as 
such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Pub-
lic Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).’’; 
(3) in subsection (e), by inserting ‘‘through De-
cember 31, 2030’’ after ‘‘thereafter’’; and 
(4) by amending subsection (g) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(g) FACA EXEMPTION.—The President shall char-
ter the Advisory Committee in accordance with chapter 10 
of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as 
the ‘Federal Advisory Committee Act’), except that the 
Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 
of such title.’’. 
SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY 
IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION 
SCIENCE. 
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8814a) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as 
paragraph (14); and 
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(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the 
following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(11) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
‘‘(12) the Department of State; 
‘‘(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘infor-
mation science’’ and inserting ‘‘information 
science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘, or 
supply chains’’ after ‘‘investments’’; 
(C) in paragraph (5)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and engineering’’ 
after ‘‘quantum information science’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘any’’ before ‘‘export 
controls’’; 
(D) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘infor-
mation science’’ and inserting ‘‘information 
science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(E) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(F) in paragraph (8)— 
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(i) by striking ‘‘information science’’ 
and inserting ‘‘information science, engi-
neering, and technology’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing a semicolon; and 
(G) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science, identify opportunities 
to increase coordination between civilian, military, 
and intelligence quantum research entities, reduce 
unnecessary duplicative quantum research activities, 
and facilitate collaboration between quantum re-
search agencies with specialized capabilities or ex-
pertise in one or more aspects of quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology; and 
‘‘(10) recommend strategies for attracting and 
retaining students and scholars with expertise in 
quantum related fields to Federal departments and 
agencies.’’. 
SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRAT-
EGY. 
The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 
inserting after section 105 the following new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION 
STRATEGY. 
‘‘(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this section, the Direc-
tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary 
of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, and the heads of other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, shall develop and submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives a strategy to— 
‘‘(1) establish collaborative international part-
nerships, including co-funded international pro-
grams, to advance research and development, testing 
and evaluation, commercialization, and interoper-
ability in quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology with allies and partners of the 
United States, and other countries, when in the se-
curity, strategic, technological, and scientific inter-
ests of the United States; 
‘‘(2) ensure continued United States participa-
tion in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance 
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quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology on the international stage; 
‘‘(3) promote the integrity and impartiality of 
international standards organizations and processes 
related to quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology; and 
‘‘(4) ensure ethical application of quantum in-
formation science, engineering, and technology to 
protect civil liberties and basic human rights. 
‘‘(b) DESIGNATION.—The strategy under subsection 
shall be known as the ‘International Quantum Cooperation 
Strategy’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Strategy’). 
‘‘(c) ELEMENTS.—In the development of the Strat-
egy, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, the National Quantum Coordination Office, the 
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, the Sub-
committee on the Economic and Security Implications, 
and the relevant agencies should consider the following: 
‘‘(1) The establishment of international part-
nerships to advance research and development in 
quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology. 
‘‘(2) Key partners that are allies of the United 
States and have demonstrated unique capabilities in 
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one or more areas of quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(3) Efforts and plans to address risks of the 
national security and economic interest of the 
United States during development and deployment 
of quantum technologies worldwide, including plans 
for diplomatic engagement with allies and partners, 
and other countries. 
‘‘(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible 
global development and deployment of quantum 
technologies, including through international engage-
ment and leadership in the development of inter-
national standards. 
‘‘(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and 
retain international talent. 
‘‘(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufac-
turers and suppliers and those of allies and partners 
of the United States to meet the needs of the global 
quantum supply chain, including raw materials such 
as Helium–3, plans for engagement with allies and 
partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options 
to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global 
quantum supply chain. 
‘‘(7) A plan to safeguard research and tech-
nology supported through international cooperation, 
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as appropriate, in whole or in part, including in 
quantum technologies critical to national security, 
from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by for-
eign entities of concern. 
‘‘(8) As necessary, a description of such legisla-
tive or administrative action needed to carry out the 
Strategy. 
‘‘(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date on which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall 
brief the committees specified in subsection (a) on the 
Strategy.’’. 
SEC. 10. SUNSET. 
Section 106(a) of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (15 U.S.C. 8815(a)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, 
and 104a shall terminate on December 30, 2030.’’. 
SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSOR-
TIUM. 
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8831) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
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(i) by striking ‘‘basic and applied’’; 
and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘attract, educate, 
and’’ before ‘‘train’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; 
(C) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) shall carry out research, development, and 
demonstration projects, as appropriate to facilitate 
the development and standardization of quantum 
networking, communications, computing, metrology, 
and sensing technologies and quantum applica-
tions;’’. 
(D) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), 
and (7) as paragraphs (7), (8), and (10), re-
spectively; 
(E) by inserting the following after para-
graph (4) the following new paragraphs: 
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‘‘(5) shall carry out research to support the 
measurement of comparative performance and 
progress of quantum technologies, including, as 
practicable, technology readiness assessments of 
quantum technologies; 
‘‘(6) shall promote United States participation 
in international standards organizations related to 
quantum information science, technology, and engi-
neering;’’; 
(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, 
by striking ‘‘infrastructure’’ and inserting ‘‘, 
communications, sensing, and computing’’; and 
(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated— 
(i) by striking ‘‘and engineering; and’’ 
and inserting ‘‘, engineering, and tech-
nology and expanding the domestic STEM 
workforce;’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon; and 
(H) by inserting after paragraph (8) the 
following the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(9) shall establish such infrastructure as is 
necessary to advance the research program described 
in this section; and’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
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(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘future’’ and inserting 
‘‘research’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘science and tech-
nology’’ and inserting ‘‘science, engineer-
ing, and technology’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(A) to gather and assess information on 
the quantum industry to address the needs 
identified in paragraph (1);’’; 
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and 
(C) and inserting the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
‘‘(B) to provide recommendations regard-
ing how the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology, the Program, and other 
gencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in 
the necessary research identified in subpara-
graph (B) and accelerate real-world uses of 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology; 
‘‘(C) to identify enabling technologies and 
the relevant supply chain essential to foster re-
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search and industrial competitiveness in quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology, and communicate findings to Federal 
agencies and other domestic and international 
stakeholders; and 
‘‘(D) to assess and identify key areas for 
establishing, expanding, or developing inter-
national partnerships that will facilitate United 
States quantum-related business engagement.’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the’’ and inserting ‘‘The’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘periodically, but not 
less than every five years,’’ after ‘‘shall’’; 
and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—As appropriate, the con-
sortium is encouraged to engage with Federal agen-
cies that fund research, have a mission to transition 
or translate research results to practical quantum 
applications, or have a mission that could benefit 
from the development of quantum technologies to in-
form and accelerate progress in such areas.’’; and 
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(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
following new subsections: 
‘‘(c) INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM RESEARCH AND ME-
TROLOGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Com-
merce, in coordination with the Secretary of State 
and the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion, and acting through the Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, shall 
promote, establish, and support international quan-
tum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology research, metrology research, and standard-
ization, as appropriate, to enhance international co-
operation, meet United States obligations or commit-
ments , and support United States engagement in 
international standards for quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) ALIGNMENT.—In carrying out this section, 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall ensure alignment with the Na-
tional Quantum Information Science Strategy and 
the U.S. Government National Standards Strategy 
for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor 
strategies. 
‘‘(3) RESTRICTIONS.— 
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‘‘(A) CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE.—None of the 
funds made available under this section may be 
obligated or expended to an institution of high-
er education that maintains a contract or agree-
ment between such institution and a Confucius 
Institute or any successor of a Confucius Insti-
tute. 
‘‘(B) FOREIGN
COUNTRIES
OR
ENTITIES 
OF CONCERN.—None of the funds made avail-
able under this section may be obligated or ex-
pended to promote, establish, or finance quan-
tum research activities between a United States 
entity and a foreign country of concern or for-
eign entity of concern, except such restriction 
shall not apply to participation by awardees in 
consensus-based international standardization 
activities 
‘‘(d) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be ap-
propriated for the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology pursuant to section 10211 of the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Pub-
lic Law 117–167) for scientific and technical research and 
services laboratory activities, there is authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Director of the National Institute of 
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Standards and Technology to carry out this section up to 
$85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND 
TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM CENTERS. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology, in consultation 
with the heads of other Federal departments and 
agencies, as appropriate, shall establish and operate 
at least one, but not more than three, centers to ac-
celerate research, development, deployment, and 
standardization of quantum information science, en-
gineering, and technology. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM DETAILS.— 
‘‘(A) 
COMPETITIVE, 
MERIT-REVIEWED 
PROCESS.—The centers shall be established 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible applicant 
described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to 
the Director of the National Institute of Stand-
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ards and Technology an application at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such in-
formation as the Director determines to be ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS.—Eligible ap-
plicants described in this subparagraph are the 
following: 
‘‘(i) Institutions of higher education. 
‘‘(ii) Nonprofit organizations. 
‘‘(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations. 
‘‘(iv) Any other entity the Director de-
termines appropriate. 
‘‘(3) SELECTION OF TOPICS.—The Director of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
shall solicit proposals in and prioritize the following 
topics in initial selection of centers, subject to merit- 
review: 
‘‘(A) Quantum sensing and measurement. 
‘‘(B) Quantum engineering. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 
practicable, centers developed, constructed, operated, or 
maintained under this section shall serve the mission of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for 
the benefit of the broader United States quantum infor-
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mation science community, to create and develop processes 
for the following purposes— 
‘‘(1) Advancing research and standardization in 
quantum information science, engineering, and tech-
nology. 
‘‘(2) Advancing technology transfer. 
‘‘(3) Improving the competitiveness of the 
United States. 
‘‘(c) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration that re-
ceives an award under this section may include multiple 
types of research institutions, private sector entities, Fed-
eral laboratories, and nonprofit organizations. 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION.—The Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology shall ensure award-
ees coordinate, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
activities carried out under this section with existing ac-
tivities of the Institute, other activities carried out under 
this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate. 
‘‘(e) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The centers established 
under this section are authorized to carry out activi-
ties for a period of five years. 
‘‘(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may re-
apply for an additional subsequent period of five 
years following a successful, merit-based review. 
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‘‘(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the au-
thorities of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology may terminate an under-
performing center for cause during the performance 
period. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—The Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology shall allocate up to 
$18,000,000 for each Center supporter under this section 
for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, subject to the 
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to 
carry out this section shall be derived from amounts ap-
propriated or otherwise made available to the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology.’’. 
SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM IN-
FORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDU-
CATION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act 
(15 U.S.C. 8841) is amended— 
(1) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘, ENGINEER-
ING, AND TECHNOLOGY’’ after ‘‘SCIENCE’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘basic’’; and 
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section as ‘QISE’)’’ and inserting ‘‘infor-
mation science, engineering, and tech-
nology’’; and 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘and career and tech-
nical education entities’’ after ‘‘colleges’’; 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘QISE’’ and inserting ‘‘quantum informa-
tion science, engineering, and technology’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
‘‘, engineering, and technology’’ after 
‘‘science’’; 
(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(E) and (F) as subparagraphs (F) and 
(H), respectively; 
(iv) by inserting after subparagraph 
(D) the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) Informal education methods to en-
hance experiences of students of all ages with 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology concepts and applications.’’; 
(v) by inserting after subparagraph 
(F), as so redesignated, the following new 
subparagraph: 
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