1950 Wa a matter that involves the lives of our ys, Oh, I saw them crowd in, calling them red herrings when we exposed Hiss and Eisler. Some of them almost had fits about those Eislers. They brought a Negro by the name of Nowell, from Detroit, and put him on the witness stand. They had taken him to Moscow and sent him to a Communist school. It got so bad he turned state’s evidence, and I wish you could have heard his testimony. He said, there was a little “cell” of them in every city, and when word came down for the revolu- tion, they were to blow up the light plant and the water works, burn ware- houses, blow up bridges, and wreck rail- road trains. When they turned him over to me, I said to him, “Did you see this fellow Eisler who was here this morning?” And he said, “Oh, yes.” I thought Eisler had been out in Detroit stirring up trouble. He said, “Oh, yes; he was one of the instructors in that school of com- munism in Moscow all the time I was there.” Our investigators were on the trail of those atomic bomb spies when they were caught in Canada. As far as I am concerned, I am for cleaning house and fumigating every de- partment and every agency of this Gov- ernment. Men in key positions in the Federal Government must be like Cae- sar’s wife, above suspicion. We must not let our boys die on foreign soil be- cause of their being betrayed at home. Let me call your attention to one thing that happened. I was talking to the gentleman from New York [Mr. Waps- WworTH] &@ moment ago, and calling his attention to a thing that came to light a few years ago. The newspapers were full of it at the time. One hundred and thirty-five years after the Revolutionary War closed, the British Government published a record showing that Bancroft, Benjamin Franklin's secretary all the time he was our representative in Paris, was a Brit- ish spy. When Franklin would send him over to England to get information, he would take information to our enemy. That article was published in all the leading papers of both England and the United States. We cannot wait until it is everlastingly too late. I am supporting this bill as written. I will accept the amendment offered by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Brown], but otherwise I am for the bill as written. This is my country. We do not know what we are coming to, but we know what the Communists are going to do. We do know that no man should be em- ployed in a key position, or in a re- sponsible position, whose loyalty to this Nation is even questioned. For that reason I hope the bill is passed by a unanimous vote. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair- man, I move to strike out the last word, Mr. Chairman, I think it {s unfortu- nate that occasionally the House of Rep- resentatives is called upon to legislate in an atmosphere of hysteria. We get into this condition once in a while and we fail CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE sometimes to face the cold, hard facts of what really is before us. I am for this legislation; I expect to vote for it; I think it is long overdue. It seems to me that we ought to place in the members who head our Cabinet, the Secretaries and others in the secu- rity positions, the power to relieve men of employment when their loyalty is in doubt. I am satisfied there are enough good, loyal, red-blooded Americans to fill these posts of trust without taking on someone whose loyalty may be ques- tioned. Perhaps the chairman can enlighten me on this: When two Members of the other body came back from Europe they reported that in the embassies of the United States there were more than 3,000 foreigners. Undoubtedly many of them are Communist sympathizers, I suppose that comes under the head of the State Department. Can the chair- man tell me whether this bill would give the Secretary of State the right to re- move foreigners who are now employed in our embassies abroad, to remove them from office if their loyalty or our security is in danger? Or does this bill apply only to employees in the United States? Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. I may state to the gentleman from Nebraska that the bill applies to the Department of State and especially includes the For- eign Service of the United States. This bill would clearly give the Secretary of State the right to discharge any bad se- curity risk in the Foreign Service of the State Department. Mr. KEATING. Mr, Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield. Mr, KEATING. As I understand, the Secretary of State would have the power now and has had it always whether we pass this bili or not. These peopie are not covered by civil service, and the Sec- retary of State at this moment would have that power, in my judgment. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I am glad to know that he has. I was disturbed. There probably are some complications that require the employment of individ- uals of foreign extraction in our em- bassies abroad, but I think it is neces- sary that this power extend to the Sec- retary of State in the foreign field. When they brought back the report that some 3,000 foreigners were employed in our embassies all over the world and some were of doubtful loyalty, some per- haps Communists, it should give us some cause to worry. Certainly, even if it costs us more money, we ought to em- ploy loyal Americans in those positions of trust. I read from the subcommittee of the other body in their report of June 14, 1950, the following: In many instances, aliens have access to classified material and these allens often have not had a full field investigation. Clearly the alien clerical employees should be eliminated first. Aliens are the most likely means of foreign penetration, and the effort to penetrate our security abroad is constantly growing. The low salaries which the aliens are pald make them a prey to bribery and pressure. 10033 In Germany alone, 10,000 aliens are em- ployed by the United States, of whom 2,000 do clerical work. Out of 1,000 aliens who had so far been screened, 100 had heen sep- arated from the service. There are a num- ber of offices in the American headquarters in Berlin where there are no American secre- taries at all and where they are urgently needed because of the presence of highly classiNed material. In the 275 foreign serv- ice posts throughout the world, there are only 10 full-time professional security officers. In many instances alien servants and drivers of American officials are not screened. This offers # very dangerous opportunity for espionage. For this reason I expect to support this legislation. I think it is necessary. It seems to me that it is long overdue, Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield. Mr. CRAWFORD. Do I understand the gentleman to say that these Members of the other body reported that there were 3,000 foreigners on our embassy payrolls? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska, That is correct. Mr. CRAWFORD. And that some of them are Communists. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Some pre- sumably are Communists or Communist sympathizers, Mr. CRAWFORD. Who had the au- thority to put them on the payroll? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I suppose the Secretary of State, or the employ- ment officers of the State Department; I do not know. Mr. CRAWFORD. Weare ina strange situation if a man has the power to put such help on the payroll but does not have the power to remove them. Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa, Mr. JENSEN. Does not the gentleman think this would be a pretty good time to pass the Mundt-Nixon bill which re- quires all Communists to register? If there ever were a time when that bill should be passed, in my estimation, it is this very minute. What does the gentle- man think? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Iam in full sympathy with the purposes of the Mundt-Nixon bill. It is time we branded those who would overthrow our form of government. No longer should we per- mit known Communists who have been marked for deportation to roam at large and spew their venom of hate for all to see and hear. Mr. MORRIS. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the pro forma amendment, Mr. Chairman, if I understand this last amendment that has been offered, I am opposed to it. I might be in error about it, but I understand that if a person ap- peals under this amendment and is still found to be a security risk that that per- son would have a preference in some agency that is not sensitive. I would be against that. I am not for rewarding a person who {1s a poor security risk. I do not believe in that at all. The only point I make and have made is that a man ought not to be condemned just because he is accused of something. I think that
10034 this House just a few minutes ago in voting down the Holifield and Miller amendments did a thing that some day it will regret. It did this in my judg- ment in a moment of hysteria. Why, Mr. Chairman, we are pre- sumed to be leaders in this Nation. Our people send us here as leaders, Tet us keep our heads cool and our feet on the ound. Let us not lose our bearings. t us keep our poise. Certainly, we are loyal and we are going to do everything we can to defend our Nation. One of the best ways to defend our Nation is to keep our traditions. No, I certainly do not want to reward a disloyal person or a poor security risk. If I had the power I would discharge them immediately, of course. So would you. But if someone came to me and said someone else was disloyal, I would give the accused a chance to be heard because I would not know whether that accusation was made in spite or made because of prejudice or because of any number of base motives that some peo- Je have. Here is what you are doing y this bill. You are absolutely setting up in this Nation a dictatorship, the very thing that we are opposed to. Mr. CORBETT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MORRIS. I yield to the gentle- man from Pennsylvania, Mr. CORBETT. I just want to say to the gentleman that in consideration of the lives that have been lost, should we not go back also to the days that Ameri- cans lost their lives to prevent bills of attainder and to establish justice in this Nation? Mr. MORRIS. Yes; we shed much blood in the history of this Nation to pre- vent just such things. Of course, I do not accuse anyone of a bad motive, I know you are doing what you think and what you believe to be in the spirit of patriotism. You are good Americans, certainly. You have no intention of making an assault upon our traditions, upon our Constitution, or upon our way of life, but just as surely as we are here that is what you are doing. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MORRIS. I yield to the gentle- man from Indiana. Mr, HALLECK. To get back to the pending amendment, I want to say that I agree with the gentleman. I am sure the gentleman will agree with me that the first requirement for a person work- ing in the Government, in any depart- ment of the Government, is to do his job in a way that will make our Govern- ment work. Mr. MORRIS. Certainly. Mr. HALLECK. If he does not believe in our kind of government, if he believes in some other kind of government, what sort of a job can he do in a job assigned to him? Mr, MORRIS. If he does not believe in our Government, he ought not to have any place in it. If he is a bad security risk, he should not have any place in it; but if he is merely accused of something, that is another thing. He might be falsely accused. Every one of you have CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE been falsely accused of something in your lives. You know that. You would no more think of doing this to yourselves than flying. You would not give the Speaker of this House—and we all love him; we know he is an honorable man-— the power to discharge you because he thought you were a poor security risk. You would not give that power to any group in this House. Why do you want to give it to somebody else? Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MORRIS. I yield to the gentle- man from Tennessee. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. This amendment now pending before the committee would give to certain em- ployees who have been discharged as bad security risks a preference for employ- ment in a nonsensitive agency. Mr. MORRIS. Yes. I oppose this amendment because I understand it would do just that. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. McCartny]). The question was taken; and on a divi- sion (demanded by Mr. McCartuy) there were—ayes 21, noes 128. So the amendment was rejected. The Clerk read as follows: 8ec 2. Nothing herein contained shall im- pair the powers vested in the Atomic Energy Commission by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 or the requirements of section 12 of that act that adequate provision be made for administrative review of any determina- tion to dismiss any employee of said Com- mission. Sec. 38. The provisions of the act shall apply to such other departments and agen- cies of the Government as the President may, from time to time, deem necessary in the best interests of national security. Src. 4. Section $ of the act of December 17, 1942 (56 Stat. 1053), and section 104 of the Departments of State, Justice, Com- merce, and the Judiciary Appropriation Act, 1949, are hereby repealed. With the following committee amend- ment: Page 5, line 2, strike out “Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and the Judiciary Appropriation Act, 1949, are hereby repealed” and insert “act of July 20, 1949 (Public Law 178, Blst Cong.), and section 680 of the act of October 29, 1949 (Public Law 484, 8ist Cong ), are hereby repealed.” to The committee amendment was agreed The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Committee rises. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having resumed the chair, Mr. Reopen, Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that that Committee, having had under consideration the bill (H. R. 7489) to protect the national se- curity of the United States by permitting the summary suspension of employment of civilian officers and employees of var-~ fous departments and agencies of the Government, and for other purposes, pursuant to House Resolution 683, he reported the bill back to the House with sundry amendments adopted by the Committee of the Whole. The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the previous question is ordered. JULY 12 Is a separate vote demanded on any amendment? If not, the Chair will put them en gros. The amendments were agreed to. The SPEAKER. The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, and was read the third time. Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Speaker, I offer a motion to recommit. The SPEAKER... Is the gentleman op- posed to the bill? Mr. HAGEN, In its present form, yes, Mr. Speaker. The SPEAKER. The qualifies, The Clerk will report the motion to recommit. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. Hagen moves to recommit the bill to the Committee on Post Office and Oivil Serv~ ice with instructions to said committee to report the bill back to the House forthwith with the following amendment: may: page 1, line’3, after “That”, insert “(a)” On page 2, line 28, after “shall”, insert a comma and the following: “except as pro- vided in subsection (b).” One page 4, after line 12, insert the fol- lowing: “(b) (1) Any person whose employment is terminated under authority of subsection (a) shall have the right to appeal to the Civil Service Commission from the adverse decision of the agency head concerned. Such appeal shall be made in writing within a reasonable time after such termination of employment and may be accompanied by such affidavits as the appellant may desire to submit. The appellant shall be given the opportunity to appear before the Com- mission, either in person or through a deaig- nated representative, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by the Com- mission. After investigation and consid- eration of the evidence submitted, the Com- mission shall (A) submit its findings and recommendations to the agency head con- cerned, and (B) send copies of such find- ings and recommendations to the appellant or to his designated representative. If the Commission recommends that the appellant be reinstated and such agency head deter- mines, after consideration of such recom- mendation, that such reinstatement would be fair and reasonable and not against the public interest, he shall reinstate the appel- lant and allow him compensation as pro- vided in subsection (a) for all or any part of the period of his suspension and separa tion from the service. “(2) The Civil Service Commission shall submit to the President and to the Congress an annual report with respect to the activi- ties of the Commission under this act, and ahall include in such report a statement in- dicating the extent to which the several agency heads have complied with the rec- ommendations of the Commission, submit- ted pursuant to paragraph (1) of this sub- section, for the reinstatement of dismissed officers and employees.” The SPEAKER. Without objection, the previous question is ordered on the motion to recommit, There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion to recommit. Mr. EBERHARTER. On that, Mr, 8peaker, I demand the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered, gentleman
1950 The question was taken; and there were—yeas 144, nays 193, not voting 93, as follows; Addonizio Allen, Calif. Aspinall Bailey Baring Barrett, Pa. Bates, Mass. Beall Biemiller Blatnik Bolling Bosone Buchanan Buckley, lll. Burdick Burke Canfield Cannon Carnahan Case, N. J. Celler Chesney Christopher Chudolt Clemdnte Corbett Crook Crosser Davenport Davies, N.Y. Dawson Delaney Denton Dollinger Dolliver Donohue Douglas Doyle Eberharter Engle, Calif. Feighan Fogarty Forand Fulton Furcolo Garmatz Golden Gorski Granahan Abbitt Abernethy Albert Allen, Til. Andersen, H. Cari Andresen, August H. Andrews Arends Auchincloss Barden Bates, Ky, Battle Beckworth Bennett, Fla. Bennett, Mich. Bentsen Bishop Blackney Bolton, Md. Bonner Boykin Bramblett Brehm Brown, Ga. Brown, Ohio Bryson Burleson Burnside Burton Byrne, N Y. Byrnes, Wis. Camp Carlyle Case, 8. Dak. Cavalcante Chatham Chelf Clevenger Cole, Kans. Cole, N. ¥. Cooley Cotton Coudert Cox [Roll No. 201} YEAS—144 Granger Green Gross Hagen Hand Hart Havenner Hays, Ohio Heffernan Heller Herter Heselton Holifield Holmes Horan Howell Huber Hull Jackson, Wash. Jacobs Javits Jenison Jones Judd Karst Karsten Kean Kearns Keating Kee Kelly, N. ¥. Kilburn Kirwan Lane Linehan Lovre Lynch McCarthy McGrath McGuire McKinnon McSweeney Mack, Il. Madden Magee Mansfield Marcantonio Marsalis Marshall NAYS—193 Crawford Cunningham Curtis Dague Davis, Ga. Davis, Wis. Deane DeGiaffenried D’Ewart Dondcro Doughton Durham Eaton ElHott Ellsworth Elston Fallon Fellows Fenton Fernandez Fisher Ford Fugate Gamble Gary Govdwin Gossett Graham Grant Guill Gwinn Hale Halleck Harden Hardy Harrison Harvey Hays, Ark. Hedrick Herlong Hobbs Hoeven Hoffman, Il. Hoffman, Mich, Hope James CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Michener Miller, Calif, Morgan Morris Morton Multer Murdock Nixon Noland O’Hara, Nl, O'Neill O'Sullivan O'Toole Patten Patterson Pfeifer, Joseph L. Philbin Poulson Powell Price Ramsay Reed, Ill. Rhodes Ribicoff Rieh]man Rodino Rooney St. George Sasscer Saylor Scott, Hugh D,, Jr. Shelley Sheppard Sullivan Tauriello Tollefson Trimble Walsh Welch Wier Withrow Wolverton Woodhouse Yates Young Zablockt Jenkins Jensen Jones, Ala. Jones, Mo. Jones, N.C. Kearney Kennedy Kerr Kilday Kruse Kunkel Lanham Larcade LeCompte LeFevre Lichtenwalter Lind Lucas McConnell McCulloch McDonough McGregor Mack, Wash. Macy Mahon Martin, Iowa Martin, Mass, Mason Merrow Meyer Miles Miller, Md. Miller, Nebr. Mills Moulder Murphy Murray, Tenn. Murray, Wis. Nelson Nicholson Norblad Norrell O'Brien, Mich. O'Hara, Minn. O’Konski Pace Passmen Short Underwood Peterson Sikes Van Zandt Phillips, Calif. Simpson,Tl. Velde Poage Simpson, Pa. Vorys Polk Smith, Kans. Vursell Potter Smith, Va. ‘Wadeworth Rains Smith, Wis. Wagner Rankin Spence Weichel Redden Staggers Whitaker Reed, N. ¥. Stanley Whitten Richards Btefan Whittington Robeson Stigler ‘Widnall Rogers, Fla. Stockman Wigglesworth Rogers, Mass. Taber Williams Sadiak ‘Talle Wilson, Ind. Scrivner Taylor Wilson, Tex. Scudder Teague Wolcott Secrest ‘Thomas ‘Wood Shafer Thornberry Woodruff NOT VOTING—93 Allen, La, Hare Pricst Anderson, Calif, Harris Quinn Angell Hébert Rabaut Barrett, Wyo. Hill Rees Boggs, Del. Hinshaw Regan Boggs, La. Irving Rich Bolton, Ohio Jackson, Calif. Rivers Breen Jennings Roosevelt Brooks Johnson Sabath Buckley, N.Y. Keefe Sadowski Bulwinkle Kelley, Pa. Sanborn Carroll Keogh Scott, Hardie Chiperfield King Sims Colmer Klein Smathers Combs Latham Smith, Ohio Cooper Lodge B8teed Davis, Tenn, Lyle Sutton Dingell McCormack Tackett Engel, Mich. McMillan, 8 C. Thompson Evins McMillen, Il. Towe Flood Mitchell Vinson Frazier Monroney Walter Gathings Morrison Werdel Gavin Norton Wheeler Gillette O’Brien, Il. White, Calif. Gilmer Potman White, Idaho Gordon Perkins Wickersham Gore Pfeiffer, Willis Gregory William L. Wilson, Okla, Hall, Phillips, Tenn. Winstead Edwin Arthur Pickett Hall, Plumley Leonard Ws Preston So the motion to recommit was re- jected. The Clerk announced the following pairs: Mr. Buckley of New York with Mr. Gavin. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. of Illinois. Walter with Mr. Plumley. Carroll with Mr. Rich. Keogh with Mr. Jackson of California. Mitchell with Mr. William L. Pfeiffer, Boggs of Louisiana with Mr. Latham. O'Brien of Michigan with Mr. McMillen Mr. Regan with Mr. Hardie Scott. Mr. Thompson with Mr. Gillette. Mr. Roosevelt with Mr. Towe. Mr. Morrison with Mr. Chiperfield. Mr. Breen with Mr. Jennings. Mr. Gilmer with Mr. Hinshaw. Mr. Gordon with Mr, Anderson of Call- fornia. Mr. Irving with Mr. Werdel. Mr. Hébert with Mr. Engel of Michigan. Mr. Winstead with Mr. Rees. Mr. Frazier with Mr. Phillips of Tennessee. Mr. Willis with Mr. Edwin Arthur Hall, Mr. Harris with Mrs. Bolton of Ohio, Mr, Patman with Mr. Hill. Mr. Wickersham with Mr. Johnson. Mr. Rabaut with Mr. Barrett of Wyoming. Mr. Smathers with Mr. Angell. Mr. Sadowsk! with Mr. Keefe. Mr. Dingell with Mr. Leonard W. Hail. Mr. Priest with Mr. Smith of Ohio. Mr. Davis of Tennessee with Mr. Sanborn, Mr. Preston with Mr. Lodge. Mrs. Bosonr and Messrs. DELANEY, Kee, SASSCER, MULTER, KEAN, and WOL- vERTON changed their votes from “nay’” to “yea.” The result of the vote was announced as above recorded, 10035 The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. Mr. MURRAY of Tennessee. On that, Mr, Speaker, I demand the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 327, nays 14, answered “present” 1, not voting 88, as follows: Abbitt Abernethy Addonizio Albert Allen, Calif. Allen, Tl. Andersen, H Carl Andresen, August H. Andrews Arends Aspinall Auchincloss Bailey Barden Baring Barrett, Pa, Bates, Ky. Bates, Mass. Battle Beall Beckworth Bennett, Fla. Bennett, Mich. Bentsen Biemiller Bishop Blackney Bolling Bolton, Md. Bonner Bosone Boykin Bramblett Brehm Brown, Ga. Brown, Ohio Bryson Buchanan Buckley, Ill. Burdick Burke Burleson Burnside Burton Byrne, N. Y. Byrnes, Wis. Camp Canfield Cannon Carlyle Carnahan Case, N. J. Case, 8. Dak, Cavalcante Celler Chatham Chelf Chesney Christopher Chudoff Clemente Clevenger Cole, Kana, Cole, N.Y. Cooley Corbett Cotton Coudert Cox Crawford Crook Crosser Cunningham Curtis Dague Davenport Davies, N. Y. Davis, Ga. Davis, Wis. Dawson Deane DeGraffenried Dollinger Dolliver [Roll No. 202] YEAS—327 Dondero Donohue Doughton Doyle Durham Eaton Eberharter Elliott Ellsworth Elston Engle, Calif. Fallon Feighan Fellows Fenton Fernandez Fisher Flood Fogarty Forand Ford Fugate Fulton Furcolo Gamble Garmata Gary Gathings Golden Goodwin Gorski Gossett Graham Granahan Granger Grant Green Guill Gwinn Hale Halleck Hand Harden Hardy Harrison Hart Harvey Huys, Ark. Hays, Ohio Hedrick Heffernan Heller Herlong Herter Heselton Hobbs Hoeven Hoffman, Tl. Hoffman, Mich. Holmes Hope Horan Howell Hull Jackson, Wash. Jacobs James Javits Jenison Jenkins Jensen Jonas Jones, Ala. Jones, Mo. Jones, N.C. Judd Karst Karsten Kean Kearney Kearns Keating Kee Kelly, N.Y, Kennedy Kirwan Kruse Kunkel Lane Lanham Larcade LeCompte LeFevre Lichtenwalter Lind Linchan Lodge Lovre Lucas Lynch McCarthy McConnell McCormack McCulloch McDonough McGrath McGregor McGulre McKinnon McSweeney Mack, Tl! Mack, Wash. Mansfeld Marsalis Marshall Martin, Iowa Martin, Mass, Mason Merrow Meyer Michener Miles Miller, Md. Miller, Nebr, Mills Morgan Morton Moulder Multer Murdock Murphy Murray, Tenn, Murray, Wis, Nelson Nicholson Nixon Noland Norblad Norrell O'Hara, Il. O'Hara, Minn, O’Konskt O'Neill O'Sullivan O'Toole Pace Passman Patten Patterson Peterson Pfeifer, Joseph L. Philbin Phillips, Calif, Poage Polk Potter Poulson Price Rains Ramsay Rankin Redden Reed, I), Reed, N.Y. Rees Rhodes Ribicof® Richards Riehiman Robeson Rodino
Rogers, Fila Staggers Weichel Rogers, Mass. Stanley Welch Rooney Stefan Whitaker Sadlak Stigler Whitten 8t. George Stockman Whittington Sasscer Sullivan Widnall Saylor Taber Wier Scott, Tane Wigglesworth Hugh D., Jr. Tauriello Williams Bcrivner Teague Wilson, Ind. Scudder Thomas Wilson, Tex. Secrest, Thornberry Withrow Shafer Tollefson Wolcott Sheppard Trimble Wolverton Short Underwood ‘Wood Sikes Van Zandt Woodhouse Simpson, Ill. Velde Woodruff Simpson, Pa. Vorys Yates Smith, Kans. Vursell Young Smith, Va. Wadsworth Zablocks Smith, Wis. Wagner Spence Walter NAYS—14 Blatnik Huber O'Brien, Mich, Douglas Magee Powell Gross Marcantonio Shelley Havenner Miller, Calif. Walsh Holifiela Morris ANSWERED “PRESENT”’—1 Hagen NOT VOTING—88 Allen, La, Hare Priest Anderson, Calif Harris Quinn Angell Hébert Rabaut Barrett, Wyo. Hill Regan Boggs, Del. Hinshaw Rich Boggs, La. Irving Rivers Botton, Ohio Jackson, Calif. Roosevelt Breen Jennings Sabath Brooks Johnson Sadowsla Buckley, N. ¥. Keefe Sanborn Bulwinkle Kelley, Pa. Scott, Hardie Carroll Keogh Sims Chiperfleld Kilburn Smathers Colmer Klein Smith, Ohio Combs Latham Steed Cooper Lyle Sutton Davis, Tenn. McMillan,S C, Tackett Dingell McMillen, Ml. Taylor Engel, Mich, Mitchell Thompson Evins Monroney Towe Frazier Morrison Vinson Gavin Norton ‘Werdel Gillette O'Brien, Tl. Wheeler Gilmer Patman White, Calif, Gordon Perkins White, Idaho Gore Pfeiffer, Wickersham Gregory William L, Willis Hall, Phillips, Tenn. Wilson, Okla. Edwin Arthur Pickett Winstead 1, Plumley Leonard W. Preston So the bill was passed. The Clerk announced the following pairs: Mr. Buckley of New York with Mr. Rich. Mr. Carroll with Mr. Gavin. Mr. Keogh with Mr. Angell. Mr. Mitchell with Mr. Latham, Mr. Boggs of Louisiana with Mr. William L, Pfeiffer. Mr. O’Brien of Michigan with Mr. Engel of Michigan. Mr. Regan with Mr. Boggs of Delaware. Mr. Thompson with Mr, Jennings. Mr. Roosevelt with Mr. Jackson of Califor- nia. Mr. Morrison with Mr. Werdel, Mr. Breen with Mr. Towe. Mr. Gilmer with Mr, Taylor. Mr. Gordon with Mr. Smith of Ohio, Mr, Irving with Mr, Plumley. Mr. Hébert with Mr. Chiperfield. Mr, Winstead with Mrs. Bolton of Ohio. Mr. Willis with Mr. Anderson of California, Mr, Harris with Mr. McMillen of Iltnols, Mr, Patman with Mr. Gillette. Mr. Wickersham with Mr. Hardie Scott. Mr. Rabaut with Mr. Hinshaw, Mr. Evins with Mr. Leonard W. Hall. Mr. Wileon of Oklahoma with Mr. Barrett of Wyoming. Mr. Smathers with Mr. Edwin Arthur Hall, Mr. Sadowski with Mr, Hill, Mr. Dingell with Mr. Johnson. Mr. Priest with Mr, Keefe. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. Davis of Tennessee with Mr. Sanborn. Mr, Preston with Mr. Phillips of Tennessee. My, Frazier with Mr, Kilburn. Mr. Criuzr changed his vote from “nay” to “yea.” The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. A motion to recon- sider was laid on the table. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of House Resolution 643. The Clerk read the resolution as fol- lows: Resolved, That the Committee on Mer- chant Marine and Fisheries, acting as a whole or by subcommittee, 1s authorized and dl- rected (1) to conduct a full and complete investigation to determine the cause or causes of the disastrous explosion which oc- . curred at South Amboy, N. J., on May 19, 1950, and to determine whether negligence was involved on the part of the United States Coest Guard, and (2) on the basis of such investigation, to make such recommenda- tions as it deems advisable for promoting greater safety in the transportation and ship~ ment of high explosives and for preventing similar disasters in the future. The committee shall report to the House (or to the Clerk of the House ff the House is not in session) as soon as practicable during the present Congress the results of its investigation, together with its recom- mendations. For the purpose of carrying out this reso- lution the committee or subcommittee te authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places within the United States, whether the House is in session, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, and to require, by sub- pena or otherwise, the attendance and testi- mony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the aignature of the chairman of the committee or any member of the committee designated by him, and may be served by any person designated by such chairman or member. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New York? Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, may I ask the gentleman from New York if this is not the resolution which provides for the investigation of the tragic explosion at South Amboy, N. J., and which was re- ported favorably by the entire member- ship of the Committee on Rules? Mr, DELANEY. Yes; this is it. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I may say, Mr. Speaker, that the minority members of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries that will have jurisdiction of this matter favor the resolution and the minority members of the Rules Commit- tee favor it. The minority leadership advises me this is a very important mat- ter and there is no objection from this side of the aisle. Mr. McCORMACK. I may say the same situaton applies on this side of the aisle. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr, Speaker, reserving the right to object, may I ask the gentleman from Ohio if the members of the Rules Committee had in mind the reorganization bill passed some time ago, a year or two ago, JuLy 12 which provided that we were going to do away with some special committees and not have so many? Mr. BROWN of Ohio. If the gentle- man would take the time, I may say to the gentleman from Michigan——~ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I have been busy watching the Lobby Com- mittee. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. If the gentle- man would take the time and trouble to read the resolution he will see that this simply authorizes the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, a stand- ing committee of the House, to conduct this investigation, and it gives to that committee certain subpena powers and authority which there is some question that committee now has. I am sure the gentleman will join with the others on the minority side in supporting this resolution. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I al- ways go along with the minority leader- ship when I think they are right. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I thank the gentleman. Mr, HOFFMAN of Michigan. I am glad to know that the Rules Committee had in mind that reorganization bill, that is all. Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, many of us will recall the great disaster which struck the city of South Amboy on May 19, 1950, when a shipment of munitions and dynamite destined for foreign shores exploded. Together with the undetermined but great damage in terms of dollars, some 31 people were killed and approximately ane or more were injured in this explo- sion. The people of the State of New Jersey were shocked and appalled when they read in the newspapers the reports de- scribing this great disaster. Many de- manded to know why greater care had not been exercised; many asked the question, ‘“‘Who is to blame?” On June 9, 1950, a resolution was adopted by the board of commissioners of the city of South Amboy, city of Perth Amboy, and other neighboring munici- palities, requesting that a congressional inquiry be made to determine the cause and responsibility of this disaster. That there 1s both ample precedent and justification for such an investiga- tion is evident to any reasonable human being. Perhaps such an investigation may result in the prevention of similar tragedies in the future; perhaps from such an investigation we may be able to ascertain and employ safer methods for the transportation and shipment of high explosives. But no matter what the in- quiry may result in, the public has a right to know what happened—so that the cause and responsibility may be fixed. If there was negligence, if there was a wanton disregard of life and limb—these questions will be resolved once the facts are unearthed. The editor of the Newark Star-Ledger, one of our leading New Jersey dailies, echoed the sentiments of the people of New Jersey when he wrote in his edi- torial of June 18, 1950: New Jersey’s congressional delegation will do well to pay heed to South Amboy offle cials when they ask a congressional investi-
1950 gation to fix the blame for the disastrous munitions explosion of May 19. While it is true that there are plenty of congressional investigations, this would appear to be an instance where yet another is in order. It is not fair to the Coast Guard that it conduct the only examination into the causes of the disaster. The Coast Guard is charged with powers over the shipment of munitions, so might be forced to report its own mistakes. The public has a right to an impartial inquiry. If the congressional investigation does not run off into a tangent, it would serve effectively in conducting an independ- ent inquiry. If the facts show that legislation is needed for better protection against another possi- ble disaster, the congressional investigators would be in a position to make better rec- ommendations. I share the sentiments above ex- pressed. It is intended by House Resolution 643 that the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries conduct such an investigation. I am confident that un- der the competent and able guidance of its distinguished chairman, my col- league, the Honorable Epwarp J. Hart, of New Jersey, a complete, fair, impar- tial and efficient investigation will be made. I wholeheartedly join in support of House Resolution 643. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from New York? There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The question is on the resolution. The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. HART. Mr. Speaker, I am ex- ceedingly happy over the passage of House Resolution 643, and especially so that it was accomplished by unanimous consent. Both of my colleagues from New Jersey [Mr. AucHINCLOss and Mr. Eaton] have been very zealous in their attempts to have something done by the House that would be of aid to the people of South Amboy and its neighboring communities, and which would deter- mine the cause of the catastrophe which took place in South Amboy on May 19, and I have been pleased to cooperate with them to the fullest extent. It seems to me that no argument could be possibly necessary to sustain the resolu- tion calling for an investigation. To state the question is to answer it. South Amboy is an industrial city in the midst of a highly industrial section. Its homes, business establishments, and in- dustrial plants are concentrated within a small area. It appears that over a long period of time, shipments of high and extremely dangerous explosives in highly excessive quantities have been permitted from that area, in violation of the rules of common sense and contrary to all hu- mane considerations. This situation resulted in the explo- sion which shocked the Nation. A peaceful, prosperous, unsuspecting com- munity was turned into a shambles in one dreadful, horrendous minute. More than 30 persons were killed, a much larger number were injured, many criti- cally and severely, and I have seen esti- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE mates of the property damage caused running from eight to fifteen million dollars, New Jersey has too often suffered the loss of many of her citizens and damage to their property as a result of explo- sions due to similar causes. The shipments involved here are said to have been made under the authority of the United States Coast Guard. The only investigation into the causes of the disaster and relating to the determina- tion of negligence has been and is being conducted by the Coast Guard itself. The people of South Amboy and their neighbors are skeptical of the impar- tiality of this investigation. I personally here utter no criticism of the Coast Guard. But the matter ought to be thoroughly and completely investigated. I give assurances that under the author- ity conferred upon the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, of which I have the honor to be chairman, such an investigation will be conducted, provided that sufficient funds are granted to the committee for that purpose. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY Mr. WILSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Com- mittee on the Judiciary may have until midnight tonight to file a report on the bill H. R. 8883. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Texas? There was no objection. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous’ consent that the Committee on Foreign Affairs may have until mid- night tonight to file a report on the bill 8. 3809. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mon- tana? There was no objection. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. BIEMILLER asked and was given permission to address the House for 40 minutes on tomorrow, following the leg- islative program and any special orders heretofore entered. PERSONAL EXPLANATION Mr, KILBURN. Mr. Speaker, due to the confusion in the Chamber during the roll call on the security bill I did not hear my name called, consequently I am recorded as not voting. Had I heard my name called I would have voted “aye.” EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. KEOGH (at the request of Mr. MANSFIELD) was given permission to ex- tend his remarks and include several edi- torials, Mr. BIEMILLER asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include a speech by Bishop Schiel, of Chicago. Mr. MADDEN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include a letter. Mr. McGUIRE asked and was given permission to extend his remarks. Mr. WITHROW asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include a letter from Mr. Lancaster, 10037 chairman of the Soil Conservation Bu- reau of Lafayette County, Wis., and other brief testimonials. Mr. WOLVERTON asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include a portion of the testimony given by J. Edgar Hoover in connection with communism. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix on the Miller amend- ment to H. R. 7439. Mr. BISHOP asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks and in- clude an editorial. ' Mr. WOODRUFF asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include extraneous matter. Mr. JENISON asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include an address by Mr. Resp of Ili- nois. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and was given permission to extend his re- marks in two instances and include in one an article. The SPEAKER. Under previous or- der of the House, the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Donprro] is recognized for 15 minutes. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I have read with great interest the many speeches which have been made on the floor of the Senate and in this House with regard to the present attempt of the Federal Communications Commis- sion to deprive the owner of radio sta- tions WJR of Detroit, WGAR of Cleve- land, and KMPC of Los Angeles of the right to continue to operate these valu- able properties. I have made a study of these proceedings, and I wholeheart- edly agree with the contention of Mr, Hugh Fulton, the chief trial counsel for these stations, and the owner, that the Federal Communications Commission is hoping it will be able to establish a new doctrine of thought control and politi- cal censorship, to say nothing of this attempt to abridge the basic right of any American to the free expression of his own personal opinions. The gentleman who owns a majority stock interest in these three radio sta- tions is Mr. G. A. Richards. Under his direction these stations have become foremost among all radio stations in selling America to Americans. Civic and -veteran organizations have honored them numerous times for their patriotic programs. Church groups of all creeds and minority groups have expressed their deep appreciation for the fine coopera- tion and support they have always re- ceived from these three stations. Among them, KMPC of Los Angeles, WJR of Detroit, and WGAR of Cleveland have received every major award for public service to their respective communities, States, and the Nation. Mr. Richards, through these three stations, pioneered in fighting commu- nism, He saw in communism the an- tipathy of all that he loved in America— opportunity which made possibie his own success, individual freedom, the right to speak one’s will, to worship as one chose, to work as one wished, and to
10038 be rewarded in accordance with one’s in- dustry and initiative. Even before the public recognized this foreign ideology as a threat to their own freedom, he warned against its encroachments. As might be expected, Mr. Richards and these stations became the target of subversive attacks These powerful voices of the air were a definite block in many ways to Russia’s plans, The fa- miliar technique of dividing and con- quering and of trumping up false charges that won Germany for Hitler and has won most of Europe for Stalin began to take shape. The Radio News Club, of Los Angeles, controlled by three disgruntled former employees of KMPC, one a president of the club, another its publicity director, and the third on the board of directors, wrote to the Federal Communications Commission charging that Mr Richards was using KMPC to further his own be- liefs, As we all know, the Federal Com- munications Commission controls all radio through its licensing powers It therefore followed that stories high- ly unfavorable to Mr. Richards and KMPC were released to the press. Rep- resentatives of Congress were ap- proached for statements condemning the stations. Sponsors were urged to dis- continue their advertising. A_ vicious campaign was started against Mr, Rich- ards personally. By telephone at all times of the night and by mall, the Richards family was threatened. Com- munist controlled papers carried stories defaming Mr. Richards’ character. Even James Roosevelt, writing on the letterhead of the Democratic State Com- mittee of California, requested the Fed- eral Communications Commission to take action against stations WJR and WGAR. As we all know, this particular Mr. Roosevelt is at present attempting to become Governor of the State of Cali- fornia. Because of the nature of the charges, the Federal Communications Commis- sion sent investigators to all three sta- tions. They made an extensive search of the stations’ files and intervicwed nu- merous present and former employees. These investigators found nothing in the actual operations of the stations to jus- tify revoking their licenses. However, the pressure that was being brought to bear forced the Federal Communications Commission to take some sort of action, so their investigators searched the per- sona) files of Mr. Richards and removed private memoranda and letters. On the basis of the personal opinions expressed in these—some of which were actually misinterpreted or distorted in an attempt to smear Mr. Richards—the Commission charged him with slanting the news and ordered a public hearing against Stations KMPC, WJR, and WGAR. The Federal Communications Commis- sion concluded its case against this radio station KMPC and did not produce one worth-while bit of evidence that any news was ever slanted over this station. At this moment these proceedings have reopened again in Los Angeles and the Federal Communications Commission continues its attempt to revoke the li- censes of these stations because of the ‘witness. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE personal opinions of the majority stock- holder owner, Mr. George A. Richards. It has been approximately 2 years since the Federal Communications Commission filed these charges against these stations. In all of this time these stations have not yet had an opportunity to put the hun- dreds of witnesses on the witness stand in order to refute the accusations made against them. Still another very seri- ous phase that comes about from this procedure is that other independent ra- dio-station operators are afraid to have any views expressed over their respective stations unless such views favor the ad- ministration in power. They watch the progress and the outcome of this case with great interest, as well as all news- paper, radio, and communication desks throughout the Nation. Mr. Speaker, the time has arrived when all Members of this Congress, Democratic and Republican alike, should watch and double-check this particular case with all possible interest and con- cern. As mentioned above, newspaper editors, radio station owners, and every communications outlet in the Umted States of America must be cognizant of the Government’s possible encroach- ment on the rights of the individual. Although the alleged charge against these stations is that the owner slanted the news, the real, factual truth of the matter is that the Federal Communica- tions Commission 1s attempting to use the owner's personal expressions and writings against him in the hope that he can be given a death sentence in the nonrenewal of his licenses—all this in the face of the fact that these stations have had outstanding public service rec- ords for over 20 years, and also in face of the fact that the Federal Communi- cations Commission has failed to pro- duce one worth-while bit of evidence that any newscast has ever been slanted. One of the very interesting develop- ments in this case is the fact that the Federal Communications Commission has used—as its star witness—a man who goes by the name of Clete Roberts, but whose real name is Cletus E. B. Haase. While on the witness stand he classified all the people of southern Italy as not being worth a tinker’s dam. It is understandable why a number of my colleagues here in this House have chal- lenged the conduct of the Federal Com- munications Commission in this case be- cause they would support this type of a I certainly want the Italian- American people, many of whom reside in my district, to know that I, personally, join 100 percent in condemning the scur- rilous and ill-founded remarks made by this man Roberts. I am given to under- stand that nothing has been done to correct or repudiate the defamatory re- marks made by this star witness. Being from Michigan, I have a great interest in Station WJR in Detroit. I happen to know of its great public serv- ice contributions, At this time I desire to draw the attention of this House to the fact that on July 8 out in Los An- geles, the American Legion conferred dual honors upon Mr. G. A. Richards, which honors were awarded him before the assembly of the Legion of Los An-~ geles County Council. At this time Mr, JuLy 12 Richards received a personal citation from Mr. A. D. Guasti, commander of the Los Angeles County Council, and then accepted a public service citation award- ed to Station KMPC of Los Angeles from Earl E. Baldwin, Legion vice commander of the State of California. The personal citation to Mr. Richards was awarded “in recognition of his outstanding service, cooperation and courtesy to the Ameri- can Legion by providing the facilities of radio station KMPC as a public service in the interest of the welfare and security of this community, State, and Nation.” The station public service citation was award- ed in “appreciation of the station’s out- standing support of American Legion patriotic and Americanism programs.” In accepting these awards before the assembly, Mr. Richards said: I want to express my heartfelt thanks and the appreciation of the entire staff of KMPC for your fine awards. In accepting this high honor from the American Legion, we pledge anew our full support to any and all Amer- icanism projects of the Legion and all other red-blooded veterans’ organizations. Now with this new threat to world peace we hope to cement even more closely the patriotic bond between KMPC and the American Le- gion, All of our facilities are at your serve jce Please call on us. Mr. Speaker, these two awards were presented before Legion delegates repre- senting 267 posts numbering 52,000 mem- bers, and this marks the seventh time within this past year that Mr. Richards or his stations have been cited for excep- tional cooperation in patriotic programs. I am very proud to also advise that in March 1950 our own Detroit Alger Post of the American Legion awarded station WJR, Detroit, a distinguished service ci- tation and passed a resolution recom- mending the Richards station for a high national Legion award. In 1949 the Veterans of Foreign Wars personally presented Mr. Richards with both the highest Michigan distinguished service award and with a national Veter- ans of Foreign Wars citation in recogni. tion of the commendable patriotic sup- port of his stations. In July of 1949 the American Legion Detroit Edison Post cited the station for its meritorious work in promoting the National Whopper contest for hospital- ized veterans. In June of 1950 the Michi- gan Department of American Veterans passed a resolution and forwarded a copy of this resolution to Mr. Richards, stat- ing: Radio station WJR, cognizant and alert to its responsibilities and privileges as a medium of expression in our democracy, has many times sacrificed commercial accounts to bring public service programs of interest and bene- fit to World War IT veterans. Mr. Speaker, each one of us should take @ personal interest in any attempt on the part of any Government agency to as- sume powers Congress never intended. These are serious days again from the viewpoint of our national welfare, Free- dom of speech, including voices on the air and the press of the country, must be preserved at all hazards. If, as the gen- eral counsel for the Federal Communica- tions Commission has said, this agency of our Government has taken no action whatsoever against radio licensees who
1950 ha‘ shown political bias, what reason is there for this delay in granting the re- newal of these licenses in this case. Who is responsible for this? Is it the staff, who is paid by the taxpayers’ money, and not the members of the Commission— who are prosecuting this case in this at- tempt to crucify a really true American? SENATE ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED The SPEAKER announced his signa- ture to enrolled bills and a joint resolu- tion of the Senate of the following titles: §.881. An act for the rellef of Low Way Hong; S 557 An act for the relief of the McCor- mick Engineering Co and John E. Price, an individual doing business as the Okeechobee Construction Co; 8 587. An act for the relief of Stefania Cuprys; 8 848. An act for the relief of Lorenzo Buira Sarrate, S 10€6 An act for the relief of the Dixie Margarine Co, a Tennessee corporation, of Memphis, Tenn ; 8 1304 An act for the rellef of Nicolae G. Caranfil and his family; 8 1847. An act for the relief of Jose Da Bilva; S 1869 An act for the relief of Marcan- tonio Doria d'Angri and his wife, Sonia Stampa Doria d’Anyri, § 2079 An act for the rellef of Mrs Lydia L Smith, 8 2086 An act transferring management of certain puble lands from the Agriculture Department to the Fort Sill Indian School in Oklahoma for agriculture uses, 8 2227 An act to amend the act approved July 18, 1940 (54 Stat 766, 24U S C, 1946 ed, sec, 198b), entitled “An act relating to the admission to St Elizabeths Hospital of persons resident or domiciled in the Virgin Islands of the United States,” by enlarging the classes of persons admissible into St. Elizabeths Hospital and in other respects, § 2231. An act for the rellef of Marco Murolo and his wife, Romana Pellis Murolo, S 2349 An act for the relief of Ho Paak- Bui, S 2462 An act for the relief of Ruzina Skalova, §.£575 An act for the relief of Yayoko Kobayashi and June Kobayashi, and for other pui poses, S 2658 An act to establish rearing ponds and a fish hatchery in the State of Kentucky; S 2662 An act for the relicf of Evzen Syrovatka and his wife, S 2682 An act for the relief of Naum Joncseu and his wife; 8, 2735. An act for the rellef of Mrs Vernon B Rasmussen, S 2745 An act for the relief of Marie De Champourcin; S 2795. An act for the relief of Fortunato Giulio Torre; § 3097 An act for the relief of Stefanie Pfister and Hildegarde Weber; §S 3582 An act to authorize revision of the procedures employed in the administration of certain trust funds administered by the Veterans’ Administration; S 3635 An act to enable the governments of Alaska, of Hawaii, of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands to authorize public bodies or agencies to undertake slum clearance, urban redevelopinent, and low-rent housing activi- tien including the tssuance of bonds and other obligations, to amend the low-rent housing en&bling ctatutes for Alaska and Hawaii, and for other purposes; {3 3876 An act to provide free postage for members of the Armed Forces of the United States in specified areas; and 8. J. Res. 180. Joint resolution to suspend until December 31, 1950, the application of certain Federnl lews with respect to attorneys employed by the Subcommittee on Labor- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Management Relations of the Senate Come mittee on Labor and Public Welfare in cone nection with the study and Investigation ordered by Senate Resolution 140, Eighty- first Congress. ADJOURNMENT Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o’clock and 6 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs- day, July 13, 1950, at 12 o’clock noon. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC, Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive communications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: 1652 A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting one copy each of cer- tain legislation passed by the Municipal Council of 8t. Thomas and St. John and by the Municipal Council of St. Croix, to the Committee on Public Lands 1553. A letter from the Acting Chairman, Commission on Renovation of the Executive Mansion, transmitting the second report of a suitable plan for the disposition of surplus matertal from the renovation of the White House pursuant to Public Law 377, Eighty- first Congress, to the Committee on Public Works 1554 A communication from the Presi- dent of the United States, transmitting sup- plemental estimates of appropriation for the fiscal year 1951 and prior fiscal years in the amount of $77,880,442.50 and public debt au- thorization in the amount of 825,000,000, together with certain proposed provisions and inereases in HNmitations pertaining to existing appropriations (H Doc No 640); to the Committee on Appropriations and ore dered to be piinted. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. MORGAN: Committee on Foreign Af- fairs. 8 2080. An act to authorize the regu- lation of whaling and to give offect to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling signed at Washington under date of December 2, 1946, by the United States of America and certain other governments, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept No. 2514). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr BURLESON Committee on Foreign Af- fairs. Senate Joint Resolution 133 Joint resolution authorizing the return to Mexico of the flags, standards, colors, and emb'ems that were captured by tho United States In the Mexican War, without amendment (Rept. No. 2515). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. LANE. Committee on the Judiclary. H R 6240. A bill to authorize the appolnt- ment of a district Judge for the northern and southern districts of Indiana; without amendment (Rept. No. 2516). Referred to the Cornmittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary. H R. 6869. A bill to repeal the prohibition against the filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the western district of Pennsylvania; with amendment (Rept. No. 2517). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. DENTON: Committee on the Judiciary. House Joint Resolution 402. Joint resolu- tion giving the consent of Congress to an 10039 agreement between the State of Missour! and the State of Kansas establishing a boundary between said States; without amendment (Rept. No. 2518). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. S. 648. An act to amend title 18, United States Code, section 705, to protect the badge, medal, emblem, and other insignia of auxile jaries to veterans’ organizations, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept, No 2519). Referred to the House Calendar. Mr. KEATING: Committee on the Judici- ary. S 2774, An act to amend section 2113 of title 18 of the United States Code !n order to include certain savings and loan assocta- tions within its provisions; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2520). Referred to the House Calendar, Mr, PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 4919. A bill to amend the act of December 24, 1942 (56 Stat. 1086; 43 U. 8. C, sec. 36b), entitled “An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to acquire lands or interest in lands for the Geological Sur- vey”; with amendment (Rept. No. 2523). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr DENTON: Committee on the Judiciary. H R. 6836. A bill to repeal the prohibition against the filling of a vacancy in the office of district Judge for the district of Delaware; with amendment (Rept. No 2524). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr DENTON: Committee on the Judiciary. HR 7009. A bill to repeal the proviso against the filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the castern and western districts of Missour!; with amendment (Rept. No 2525). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H.R.8874. A bili to authorize the sale of lands to the city of Flagataff, Ariz.; without amendment (Rept. No. 2526). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. PETERSON; Committee on Public Lands. H R 8887. A bill to declare that the United States holds certain lands for the Seminole Tribe of Florida; without amendment (Rept. No, 2527). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands H. R. 8908. A bill to repeal cer- tain legislation relating to the Gallup- Durango Highway and the Gallup-Window Rock Highway at the Navajo Indian Reserva~ tion, without amendment (Rept. No. 2528). Reterred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mrs, BOSONE: Committee on Public Lands, H R. 8961, A bill to approve a con- tract negotiated with the South Cache Wa- ter Users’ Associution, to authorize its execue tion, and for other purposes, with amend- ment (Rept. No. 2529). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mrs. BOSONE’ Committee on Public Lands, H R.8962. <A bill to approve a cone tract negotiated with the Ogden River Wa- ter Users’ Association, to authorize its execu- tion, and for other purposes, with amend- ment (Rept No 2530). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. LANE: Committee on the Judiciary. §. 2314. An act to provide for holding a term of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon at Eugene; without amendment (Rept. No 2531), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary, H.R. 3775. <A bill to provide for an additional district judge for the third division of the District Court for the Dis- trict of Alaska, with amendment (Rept. No.
10040 2682). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr, LANE: Committee on the Judictary. BH. R. 6187. A bill to provide for the appoint- ment of an additional Federal district judge for the eastern district of Texas; without amendment (Rept. No. 2533). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 7570. A bill to provide for the appointment of one additional dis- trict Judge for the northern district of Ohio; with amendment (Rept. No. 2534). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Btate of the Walton. Mr. RICHARDS: Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 9002. A bill to make certain increases in the annuities of annultants un- der the Foreign Service retirement and dis- ability system in view of the increased cost of living; without amendment (Rept, No. 2535). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Unton. Mr. RAMSAY: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 9074, A bill to amend chapter 61 (re- lating to lotterics) of title 18, United States Code, to make clear that such chapter does not apply to nonprofit contests wherein prizes are awarded for the specie, size, weight, or quality of fish caught by the contestant; without amendment (Rept. No, 2536). Re- ferred to the House Calendar. ‘ Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 7399. A bill to amend title 28, United States Code, section 104, sub- sections (a) and (b), to create a Greenville division in the northern district of Missis- sippi, with terms of court to be held at Greenville; with amendment (Rept. No. 2637), Referred to the Committee of the Whole Eouse on the State of the Union. Mr. KEE: Committee on Foreign Affairs. 8. 3809. An act ‘to amend the Mutual De- fense Assistance Act of 1949; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2538). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. HOBBS: Committee on the Judiciary. H. BR. 8888. A bill to amend section 17 of the Contract Settlement Act of 1944 so as to authorize the payment of fair compensation to persons contracting to deliver certain stra- tegic or critical minerals or metals in cases of failure to recover reasonable costs, and for other purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2539). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. WALTER: Oommittee on the Judi- clary. 8.382. An act for the relief of Wong Suey Wing; without amendment (Rept. No. 2407). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- ciary. 8, 841. An act for the relief of Michele Bartolomeo Marchisio: without amendment (Rept. No. 2498). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House, Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Judi- clary. 8. 976. An act for the relief of Vartan Chamsarian; without amendment (Rept. No. 2499). Referred to the Commit- tee of the Whole House, Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. 8, 1262. An act for the relief of Juliana Mendtola Alastra; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2500). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- Clary. 8. 1779. An act for the relief of Phil Meyers, also known as Gil Meyers; without amendment (Rept. No. 2501). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. 8. 2077. An act for the relief of Francisco Gonzalez Perez; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2602), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House, Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- clary. 8. 2277. An act for the relief of George <A. Voregarethsos (George Spiro Chatmos); without amendment (Rept. No. 2503). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judi- ciliary. 8S 2296. An act for the relief of Maria Cicerellt; without amendment (Rept. No. 2504), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judi- clary. 8. 2676. An act for the relief of Kimie Yamada Ina and her daughter, Rit- suko Ina; without amendment (Rept. No. 2505). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judi- ciary. H. R. 6228. A bill to record the lawful admission to the United States for permanent residence of James Ermini; with amendment (Rept. No. 2506). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. WALTERS: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R. 6386. A bill to legalize the entry of Amos Chen, a native of China; with amend- ment (Rept. No. 2507). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House. Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R. 6746, A bill for the relief of Helena Jange Chinn; with amendment (Rept. No. 2508). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. GOSSETT: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R. 8093. A bill for the relief of Regolo Gagliacco and his wife, Gina; with amend- ment (Rept. No. 2609). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House. Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R.8740, A bill for the relief of Erika Kuhn; without amendment (Rept. No. 2510). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R.8780. A bill for the relief of Leila M. Dodd; without amendment (Rept. No. 2511). Referred to the Committee on the Whole House. Mr, FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judici- ary. H R.8918. A bill for the relief of Mary Rynik Baran; with amendment (Rept. No. 2512). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr, FEIGHAN: Committee on the Judici- ary. H.R.8973. A bill for the relief of Archibald Walter Campbell Seymour; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 2513). Referred to the Committee of the Whole Huuse. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands, H.R. 6958. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Francis Lee Edwards; with amendment (Rept. No. 2521). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 7017. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Edgar 8. Bigman; with amendment (Rept. No. 2522), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. CASE of New Jersey: H.R. 9088. A bill to facilitate the broader distribution of health services, to increase the quantity and improve the quality of health services and facilities, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. PURCOLO (by request): H.R. 9089. A bill to include certain addt- tional veterans’ organizations among the or- JULY 12 ganizations whose accredited representatives and claim agents may assist veterans and their dependents under the National Service Life Insurance Act of 1940 and the World War Veterans’ Act, 1924; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. H.R. 90600. A bill to amend section 260 of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, so as to specify the veterans’ organizations which may present claims under laws admin- istered by the Veterans’ Administration, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Vet- erans’ Affairs. H.R.9001. A bill to amend section 301 of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 10944, so as to specify the veterans’ organizations which may act as counsel in the presentation of certain claims, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. H.R, 9092. A bill to include certain addl- tional veterans’ organizations among the veterans’ organizations which may be recog- nized by the Administrator of Veterans’ Af- fairs; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr, HORAN: H.R. 9093. A bill to provide for the regu- lation and control by farmers of their sur- plus agricultural commodities, to provide for the establishment of farmer-elected control boards, and for other purposes; to the Com- mittee on Agriculture. H.R. 9094, A bill to provide certain benefits for persons who served on the United States revenue cutter Bear during its Arctic rescue cruise 1n 1897 and 1898; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. ROONEY: H.R. 9095. A bill to amend the Civil Serv- ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, to provide increased retirement benefits for immigrant inspectors, Immigra- tion and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. FALLON: H.R. 0006. A bill to promote the common defense by authorizing the Secretary of Com- merce to undertake the repair of certain reserve status merchant vessels; to the Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. MULTER: H.R. 9097. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code with respect to the taxation of certain corporate distributions, to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. WITHROW: H.R. 9008. A bill to amend the Railway Labor Act and to authorize agreements pro- viding for union membership and agreements for deductions from the wages of carriers’ employees for certain purposes and under certain conditions; to the Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. TEAGUE: H.R. 9099. A bill to eliminate the require- ment that physician’s statements submitted to the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs be made under oath; to the Committee on Vet- erans’ Affairs. By Mr. DOUGHTON: H. J. Res. 502. Joint rezolution to suspend certain import taxes on copper; to the Com- mittee on Ways and Means. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. BYRNE of New York: H.R. 9100. A bill for the relief of Richard Jacob Giragossian; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DONDERO: H.R. 9101. A bill for the relief of Frank A. Gray; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. ENGLE of California: H. R. 9102, A bill for the relief of Harry Pung Kang; to the Committee on the Ju- dictlary,
1950 By Mr, HAVENNER: H.R. 9103. A bill for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. Miroslav Kudrat; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. JACKSON of California: H.R.9104. A bill with respect to national service life insurance in the case of the late Robert J. Needham; to the Committee on the Judictary, By Mr. MACK of Washington: H.R.9105. A bill for the relief of Marie Kristine Hansen; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MORTON: H.R. 9106. A bill for the relief of Shizuko Kanamitsu; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. By Mr, O’BRIEN of Michigan: H.R.9107. A bill for the relief of Ralph Cannavo; to the Committee on the Ju- diclary. By Mr, WOLVERTON: H.R. 91C8. A bill for the relief of Henryk Kramarskl; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. PETITIONS, ETC, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, 2257. The SPEAKER presented a petition of Capt. C. F. May, president, National Or- ganization Masters, Mates, and Pilots of America, Inc., San Francisco, Calif., request- ing that they be pluced on record as con- demning the unprovoked, unjustified, and reprehensible attack of South Korea by the Communist-led North Korean forces, which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, SENATE Tuurspay, JuLy 13, 1950 (Legislative day of Saturday, July 1,1950) The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of the recess. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D. D., offered the following prayer: Our Father Ged, without the inner strength which Thou alone canst give we are but fainting and frail human creatures, insufficient for these terrific days. As the chosen servants of the Commonwealth, pushed and pressed by grave questions and vexing problems so vitally affecting national welfare and world concord, we would how, first of all, at this daily altar dedicated to the far look where before our eyes there tower those lofty and eternal verities that out- last the strident voices of any day. We cannot adequately face a world such as that which we are called to serve and make any humble contribution to the healing of its tangled, tragic state unless our faith in Thy power to make even the wrath of men praise Thee and in the final victory of Thy purpose is kept un- tarnished. Give to us peace in our time, O God. To our stricken generation may there come peace with honor, with human dignity vindicated and social jus- tice the canopy of all the nations. Amen, THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. Maysanxk, and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Wednes- day, July 12, 1950, was dispensed with. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT— APPROVAL OF BILL AND JOINT RESO- LUTION Messages in writing from the President of the United States were communicated to the Senate by Mr, Miller, one of his secretaries, and he announced that on July 12, 1950, the President had ap- proved and signed the following act and joint resolution: 8. 3876. An act to provide free postage for members of the Armed Forces of the United States in specified areas; and S. J. Res. 180. Joint resolution to suspend until December 31, 1950, the application of certain Federal laws with respect to attorneys employed by the Subcommittee on Labor- Mancgement Relations of the Scnate Com- mittee on Labor and Public Welfare in con- nection with the study and investigation ordered by Senate Resolution 140, Eighty- first Congress. LEAVE OF ABSENCE On request of Mr. MaysBank, and by unanimous consent, Mr. Lona was ex- cused from attendance on the sessions of the Senate for the next several days, COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION On request of Mr. Lucas, and by unani- mous consent, a subcommittee of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare was authorized to meet this afternoon during the session of the Senate. CALL OF THE ROLL Mr. MAYBANK., I suggest the absence of a quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will call the roll. The roll was called, and the following Senators answered to their names: Aiken Hickenlooper Maybank Anderson Hin Millikin Browster Hoey Morse Bricker Holland Mundt Bridges Humphrey Murray Butler Ives Myers Byrd Jenner Neely Capehart Johnson, Colo. O’Conor Ohapman Johnson, Tex. O’Mahoney Chavez Johnston, 8.C, Robertson Connally Kom Russell Cordon Korr Saltonstall Donnell Kilgore Schoeppel Dougias Knowland Smith, Maine Dworshak Langer Smith, N.J. Eastland Leahy Sperkman Hcton Lehman Stennis Ellender Lodge Taft Ferguson Lucas Thomas, Okla, Frear McCarran Thomas, Utah Fulbright McCarthy Thye George McClellan Tydings Gillette McFarland Watkins Graham McKellar Wherry Green McMahon Wiley Gurney Magnuson Williams Hayden Malone Young Hendrickson Martin Mr. MYERS. I announce that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. Benton] is absent on public business. The Senator from California [Mr. Downey] is absent because of illness. The Senator from Wyoming [Mr. Hunt] and the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. Kerauver] are absent on official committee business. The Senator from Louisiana [Mr. Lona], the Senator from Idaho [Mr. Taytorj, and the Senator from Ken- tucky [Mr. Wrrenrs] are absent by leave of the Senate. The Senator from Florida (Mr. Prp- PER! is necessarily absent. 10041 Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that the Senator from Washington [Mr. Carinj, the Senator from Kansas [Mr. Darsy], the Senator from New Hamp- shire [Mr. Toprey], and the Senator from Michigan (Mr. VANDENBERG] are absent by leave of the Senate. The Senator from Vermont [Mr. Fian- pERSs] is necessarily absent. The VICE PRESIDENT. present. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had agreed to the report of the ‘committee of conference on the dis- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 8568) making appropriations for the government of the District of Co- lumbia and other activities chargeable in whole or in part against the revenues of such District for the fiscal year end- ing June 30, 1951, and for other pur- poses; that the House receded from its disagreement to the amendments of the Senate numbered 17, 65, and 66 to the bill, and concurred therein, and that the House receded from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 28 to the bill, and concurred therein with an amendment, in which it re- quested the concurrence of the Senate. The message also announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R. 7439) to protect the national security of the United States by permitting the sum- mary suspension of employment of civil- jan officers and employees of various de- partments and agencies of the Govern- ment, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS By unanimous consent, the following routine business was transacted: REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The following reports of committees were submitted: By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce: 8.3796. A bill to amend section 4474 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, relating to the use of petroleum as fuel aboard steam vessels; without amendment (Rept. No. 2036); and H.R. 8617. A bill to amend title 14, United States Code, entitled “Coast Guard”; with- out amendment (Rept. No. 2037). By Mr. HAYDEN, from the Committee on Rules and Administration: H.R. 8958. A bill relating to the policing of the buildings and grounds of the Library of Congress; without amendment (Rept. No. 2038); and S. Res. 291. Resolution to investigate the causes of gasoline price increases during the past 5 years and whether supplemental anti- trust legislation is needed; with amendments (Rept. No. 2039). By Mr. McCLELLAN, from the Committee on Public Works: H.R. 5990. A bill to provide for the con- struction, development, administration, and maintenance of the Balttmore-Washington Parkway in the State of Maryland and its extension into the District of Columbia as a part of the park system of the District of Columbia and its environs by the Secretary of A quorum is
10042 ¢he Interfor, and other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 2040). By Mr. DONNELL, from the Committee on the Judiciary: 8. J. Res. 174. Joint resolution granting the consent of Congress to the entry, by the State of Missourl and by the State of Mli- nois, into a compact or agreement between the State of Missouri and the State of Illi- nots creating the Bi-State Development Agency and the Bl-State Metropolitan Dis- trict; with an amendment (Rept. No. 2041). INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONS WITH INDIANS AND INDIAN TRIBES Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, from the Committee on Rules and Administra- tion, I report favorably with amend- ments Senate Resolution 292, which was reported from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs by the Sen- ator from Wyoming [Mr. O’Manoney] on June 5, 1950, and I submit a report (No. 2034) thereon. I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend- ments will be stated. The Lecisuative CLerK. On page 1, line 8, after the word “employ”, it is proposed to insert the words “upon 4@ temporary basis,” and on page 2, be- tween lines 1 and 2, it is proposed to in- sert the following new sentence: The committee shall report to the Senate at the earliest practicable date, but not later than January 31, 1951, the results of its study and investigation and such rec- ommendations for legislation as it may deem desirable. The amendments were agreed to. The resolution, as amended, was agreed to, as follows: Resolved, That the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, for the purpose of making a completo study and investigation of the relations of the United States with the Indtans and the Indian tribes with a view to recommending legislation thereon, is au- thorized to hold such hearings, to sit and act at such times and places during the ses- sions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the Senate to employ upon a temporary basis such experts, and such clerical, stenographic, and other assistants, to require by subpena or otherwise the attendance of such wit- nesses and the production of such corre- spondence, books, papers, and documents, to administer such oaths, to take such testl- mony, and to make such expenditures, as it deems advisable. The committee shall re- port to the Senate at the earliest practicable date, but not later than January 31, 1951, the results of its study and investigation and such recommendations for legislation as it may deem desirable. The cost of steno- graphic services to report such hearings shall not be in excess of 26 cents per hundred words. The expenses of the committee under this resolution, which shall not exceed $25,000, shall be paid from the contingent func of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I should like to ask the Senator from Ari- zona if the requirements set forth in the resolution are the usual ones provided in similar resolutions? Mr, HAYDEN. They are. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Mr. WHERRY. Requiring report to the Senate? Mr, HAYDEN. Yes. CONTINUATION OF AUTHORITY TO IN- VESTIGATE OPERATIONS OF THE RE- CONSTRUCTION FINANCE OORPORA- TION Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, from the Committee on Rules and Admini- stration I report favorably, with an amendment, Senate Resolution 307, which was reported from the Committee on Banking and Currency by the Senator from Arkansas [Mr. Fu.ariewt] on July 10, 1950, and I submit a report (No. 2035) thereon. I ask for the immediate con- sideration of the resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the resolution. The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend- ment of the Committee on Rules and Administration will be stated. The Lecisrative Crerk. On page 1, line 8, it is proposed to strike out “Feb- ruary 1”, and to insert “January 31.” The amendment was agreed to. The resolution as amended was agreed to, as follows: Resolved, That the authority of the Com- mittee on Banking and Currency, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, un- der Senate Resolution 219, Eighty-first Con- gress, agreed to on February 8, 1950 (provid- ing for a study of the operations of the Re- construction Finance Corporation and its subsidiaries), as continued by Senate Resolu- tion 279, Eighty-first Congress, agreed to on May 19, 1950, is hereby continued until January $1, 1951, and the limit of expendi- tures under such resolution is hereby in- creased by 835,000. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I do not object to the resolution, but I should like to ask the Senator from Arizona whether the committee has already been at work on the study. Mr. HAYDEN. It has, but the time provided is about up, and the idea is to have the study continued .another 6 months, Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PERSON- NEL AND FUNDS Pursuant to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, the fol- lowing reports were received by the Sec- retary of the Senate: June 380, 1950, ReErPort oy COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY To the SecreTary or THE Senate: The above-mentioned committee, pursuant to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, submits the following report showing the name, profession, and total salary of each person employed by it and its subcommittees for the period from January 1, 1960, to June 30, 1950, together with the funds available to and expended by it and its subcommittees: Name and profession 3. G. Sourwine, professional staff member_.........--20-----ee eee - Maurice W. Covert, professional stat! member...... en aanaeeacenees 10, 180. 92] 4, 813. 91 JULY 13 Name and profession 3. Carlisle Ruddy, professional staf! mem! 10, 346, 83] 4, 897. 78 10, 180. 92} 4, 364. 61 10, 180, 92} 4, 304, 61 10, 429. 78] 4, 608. 79 9, 517, 32) 2, 648. 51 member.......2-------2-- eee ene George 8. Green, professional staff momber..-..--- 2-2. see ee ene e ee John II, Mathews, professional staff member..._...--.--- neaeneee Joseph A, Davis, chicf clerk........ Wayne H. Smithey (from Mar. 6), assistont chief clerk... .....-..... Mildred E. Canon, clerical sssist- 5 an 5, 802, 43) 2, 909. 08 Mirlam O, Fox, clerical assistant...| 8, 802. 43] 2, 909. 08 Mary Rogers, clerical assistant..... 892. 43] 2, 909, 98 HK, Joan Sheaff, clerical assistant... , 840. 64 Orrin EK. Creesy, clerical assistant... 2, 337. 90 Patiencd BE. McNamee, clerical assistant. ..... eee eee eee ee ene 2, 540. 64 Barbara E, Duborg, clerical assist- C1 a 2, 540, 64 Francis C. Rosenberger (lo Feb. 14), assistant chief clerk........-. 960, 44 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mitteo easpenditure during 8ist Cong.-..... sn, ano 00 Amount expended.........0.....----e enone , 507 43 Balance unexpended......-.-....------ 9, 492 57 Pat McCarran, Chairman, June 30, 1950. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY BUBCOMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION To the SECRETARY OF THE SENATE: The above-mentioned committee, pursuar.t to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, submits the following report showing the name, profession, and total sulary of each person employed by {it and its subcommittees for the period from January 1, 1950, to February 28, 1950, together with the funds available to and expended by it and its subcommittees: Total Name and profession salary received Richards Arens, staff director . Roland Belanger, typist... -. - 426, O6 Harvey Drury Blair, staf member. 1, 205. BB William F, Cochran, staff member. 282 06 Doiothy A. Davis, stenographer... 692. 38 Thomas J. Davis, staff member... 1, 295. 88 Otto J, Dekom, investigator....... 1, 288. Owen K, Karl, staff momber....... 421.18 Kathorine Florence, stenographer - . 46.15 Ethel L. Johnson, staff member... 1, 226. 74 John A. Loftus, assistant stuff dé TOCLOP. . n-ne ene ee ene ee eee 1,365.00 Stephanie E. Lojwesk!, stenogra- PHEL.. 2 - ee  eeeeee we wee 735. 84 Guy M. Massey, staff member... .. 1, 226. 74 Fannie L, McCracken, stenogra- weber nw en enn eee nena nee en nen n nee 519. 2 argaret M, Mechling, stenogra- pher.....----- 2-2 one een ene ene 682, Fred M. Mesmer, staff member. ... 1, 205, 88 amos C, Messeramith, staff mem- on9. 69 Marion L. Morgan, stenographer... 402, 38 M , hor..... 602. an is C., Odham, stenographer...... 779. 30 rank W, Schroeder, Investigator. . 1, 295, 88 Wayne H. Smithoy, staff member... 880, 68 Mary A. Turner, stenographer..... 602. 38 Joseph V. Wilcox, staff member... 808, 26 Francis L. Williams, staff member. 1, 212, 82 Eksabeth A. Edwards, stenogra- ee 183. 96 A. Mathews, stenographer... 207.71 Funds authorized or appropriated for commit- tee expend!tures (rapresents balance on Jan. i 1980, of appropriution under 8. Res. 40, ) b. 28, 1049)... ee eee eee $20, 214. 74 Amount expended during period Jan. 1 through Feb. 28, 1030......2-. 22-222 ee 23, 039, 22 Balance unexpended.....-....... ...-- 6, 175. 52 Par McCagran, Chairman,
1950 June 30, 1950. RerortT OF COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE ON IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION To the SEcReTaryY oF THE SENATE: The above-mentioned committee, pursuant to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, submits the following report showing the name, profession, and total salary of each person employed by it and its subcommittees for the period from March 1, 1950, to June 30, 1950, together with the funds available to and expended by it and its sub- committees: Rato of Total Name and profession Bross | salary annual ‘ceived salary |Teceive Richard Arens, staff director....... $10, 846. 00/$3, 407, 57 Roland Belanger, typist... -.2----. 4,154, 38) 346,19 Harvey Drury Blair, staff member_| 8, 024. 17) 2,612. 50 Wham F, Cochran, staff member.| 1,607.85} 565, 92 Dorothy A. Davis, stenographer...| 5,023, 41) 1,544 10 Thomas J, Davis, staff member....| 7,775 31) 1,205 8 Otto J, Dekom, investigator... 8, 190.07) 1,023 75 Owen Kk. Earl, staff mombor. -. 3, 2R6. 36) 1,002 05 Ethel L. Johnson, staff member. 7, 600, 41| 2,474. 22 Stephanio E. Lojewski, stenogra- pher.. 2202-2 -.--2--- eee eee ee eee 4,415.10} = 183 96 Guy M, Massey, staff member..... 8, 024. 17) 2, 506. 79 Margaret M. Mochling, stenogra- pher__..-----.-----=------------- §,023 41} 1,644. 10 Fred M. Mesmer, staf! member....| 8,024, 37) 2,612. 50 Lois C Odham, stenographer ..... 4,076 80) 194, 82 Frank W. Schroeder, investigator..| 8,024.17) 2,612. 50 Wayne H_ Smithey, staff member...) 5, 284, 12) 73.79 5,023, 41] 1,544 10 4, 849, 61 7, 277, 60 Mary A. Turner, stenographer..... Joseph V. Wilcox, staff member... I ranels L. Williamson, stat! mem- tee. Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expenditure (S. Res, 228, Feb. 27, 1950). -22 2-2-2. ---- Amount expended... $80, 000. 00 26, 559, G1 Balance unexpended.....----.- ------- 53, 441. 36 Par McCarran, Chairman. —— JuLy 12, 1950. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON POST OFFICE AND Civi. SERVICE To the SECRETARY OF THE SENATE: The above-mentioned committee, pursuant to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, submits the following report showing the name, profession, and total salary of each person employed by it and its subcommittees for the period from January 1, 1950, to June 30, 19650, together with the funds available to and expended by it and its subcommittees: Rate of | Total Name and profession apna |_salary sala received Robo, Virginia, assistant chief clerk.| $4, 849. 61/$2, 424. 80 Brawley, . W., assistant stall dl- rector. ...----------  ----7------- 10, 846. 00} 5, 423. 00 Chrissos, Costas D., clerical agsist- ant. wee. 4,415 10) 2, 207. 50 Fauectte, Andy, staff member... Noman, Colette, clerical assistant. _ Hone, Mrs. Linda, clerical ussist- ONt-.------ eee ee eee ee eee ee Irwin, Mary, staff member Latimer, J, Austin, staff director... Morgan, Ethol, clorical assistant.._] 3, 080. 58) 1, 900. Shawn, E. Luise, clerical assistant.| 3, 980. 59] 1, 990. 20 See MISCELLANEOUS Unexponded balance (8. Res. 179 as of Jan, 1, 1950) 10, 840. 00} 5, 423. 00 4,415.10) 2,207. 50 3, 980. 50} 1, 990. 20 10, 848, 00} &, 428. 00 10, 846 00) 6,423 00 Additional authorization (S, Res, 27) ....---- 3,000. 00 00) (:) ee 6, 408. 05 Amount expended Jan. 1 to June 30, 1950. ...- 2, 207. 52 Balance unexpendod......... ...-----0- 3, 285, 53 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee oxpenditure (8, Res, 167) ...-..-.---- 12,718. 60 Amount expended Jan, 1 to June 30, 1050. 2, 305. 03 Balance unospended...............-.--- 10, 323. 87 OuIn D. JOHNSTON, Chatrman. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE JULY 1, 1960. Rerort or Setect Commirtsr on SMALL Business, Unitxp Statrs SENATE To the Secrerary or THE SENATE: The above-mentioned committee, pursuant to Senate Resolution 123, Eightieth Congress, first session, submits the following report showing the name, profession, and total salary of each person employed by it and its subcommittees for the period from June 1, 1960, to June 30, 1950, together with the funds avatlable to and expended by it and its subcommittees: Rate of Total Name and profession anal lary salary received Charles EZ. Shaver, general counsel _ |$10, 846.00) $451. 91 Minna L. Ruppert, chief clork ....{ 8,853, 60) 737. 80 Sarah Anne Johnson, clerical assist- ONG... eee eee eee 4,067.49) 338.95 Minne Moultrie, clerical assistant. | 4,067.49} 248, 56 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expenditure under 8. Res. 272 agreed to May 2b, 1050._..--. 2-2 -- nee eee ee eee $10, 000. 00 Amount expended......... 1, 777. 22 Balance unexpended--.. 8, 222, 78 JoHN SPARKMAN, Chairman, BILLS INTRODUCED Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous consent, the . second time, and referred as follows: By Mr. LANGER: 8.3911. A bill to provide for the pooling of unused immigration quotas; 8.3912. A bill for the relief of Eugene Rivoche and Marie Barsky; and 8.3913. A bill for the relief of Elizabeth Brandner; to the Committee on the Judi- clary. By Mr. GURNEY: 8.3914. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Chang- Sel Kim, David Kim, and Arthur Kim; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. TYDINGS: §. 3915. A bill to provide for the dissolu- tion of the War Contracts Price Adjustment Board, for the transfer of its functions, to otherwise amend the Renegotiation Act, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. CAPEHART: 5.3916. A bill for the relief of Teh-Jen Lee; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. McCARRAN: 8.3917. A bill for the relict of Basilio Gorgone; to the Committee on the Judiciary, GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS— AMENDMENTS Mr. MAGNUSON submitted amend- ments intended to be proposed by him to the bill (H. R. 7786) making appro- priations for the support of the Gov- ernment for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1951, and for other purposes, which were ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. Mr. MAGNUSON (for himself, Mr. ypDInGs, Mr. Jonnson of Colorado, Mr, McFarLany, Mr, BREwsteER, Mr. O’Conor, Mr. Morsz, Mr. HUMPHREY, Mr. TAYLOR, Mr. Downey, Mr. Murray, Mr, GILLETTE, Mr. Smita of New Jersey, Mr. Carn, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. SPARKMAN, Mr. KILGORE, Mr. Ives, Mr. Myers, Mrs. Smitx of Maine, Mr. Henrickson, Mr. HitL, Mr. Lonc, Mr. McManon, and Mr. SaALron- STALL) submitted amendments intended to be proposed by them, jointly, to House bill 7786, supra, which were ordered to le on the table and to be printed. 10043 Mr. MAGNUSON (for himself and My. Brewster) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by the, jointly, to House bill 7786, supra, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. Mr. LEHMAN (for himself, Mr. Gri- LETTE, and Mr. HumpuHrey) submitted amendments intended to be proposed by them, jointly, to House bill 7786, supra, which were ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. Mr. WATKINS (for himself and Mr. Kerr) submitted an amendment in- tended to be proposed by them, Jointly, to House bill 7786, supra, which was or- dered to lie on the table and to be printed. AMENDMENT OF FEDERAL-AID ROAD ACT—AMENDMENT Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill (H. R. 7941) to amend and supplement the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat. 355), as amended and supplemented, to au- thorize appropriations for continuing the construction of highways, and for other purposes, which was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed. HOUSE BILL REFERRED The bill (H. R. 7439) to protect the national security of the United States by permitting the summary suspension of employment of civilian officers and em- ployees of various departments and agen- cies of the Government, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. THE BRITISH GOLD AND DOLLAR POSITION {Mr. TAFT asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp a statement re- lating to the improvement in Great Brit- ain's gold and dollar position issued by the British Information Services, which appears in the Appendix.] THE TIDELANDS OL CASE—ARTICLE FROM THE LEWISTOWN (MONT.) DAILY NEWS [Mr. MURRAY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an article re- lating to the Tidelands Oil Case, published in the Lewistown (Mont.) Daily News of Feb- ruary 21, 1950, which appears in the Ap- pendix.] STATEHOOD FOR DEFENSE?—EDITORIAL FROM THE JUNEAU (ALASKA) DAILY ALASKA EMPIRE [Mr. BUTLER asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an editorial entitled “Statehood for Defense?" published in the Dally Alaska Empire, of Juneau, Alaska, on July 3, 1950, which appears in the Appendix. ] DEFICIT DIPLOMACY—ARTICLE BY WALTER LIPPMANN (Mr. THYE asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an article en- titled “Deficit Diplomacy,” written by Wal- ter Lippmann, and published in the Wash- ington Post of July 18, 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] THE KOREAN SITUATION HELPS SENA- TOR LUCAS—ARTICLE FROM THE ST. LOUIS POST-DISPATCH {Mr. MYERS asked and obtained leave to have printed in the Recorp an article en- titled “The Korean Situation Helps Senator
10044 Lucas,” written by Raymond P. Brandt, and published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, which appears in the Appendix.| THE KOREAN SITUATION—ARTICLES BY CARL W. McCARDLE Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. President, I have had called to my atten- tion a series of important articles on the Korean situation written by Mr, Carl W. McCardle, chief Washington corre- spondent of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, Mr. McCardle accompanied Mr, John Foster Dulles, adviser to the State Department, on his recent trip to Korea and Japan, and, therefore, he was in the Far East just at the moment of the outbreak of the Korean war. Mr. McCardle in his articles speaks as a first-hand observer, and I feel that his observations are of major importance to us all in our study of the present crisis. This matter is of such importance that I ask unanimous consent that there be incorporated in connection with my remarks in the body of the Rscorp Mr. McCardle’s first article, and excerpts from all of his succeeding articles, date by date, which, taken as a whole, make a most valuable contribution to our knowledge of pending events. There being no objection, the articles and excerpts were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: THe Korean SrrvaTion (This is the first of a series of articles on the Korean situation by Carl W. McCardle, chief Washington correspondent of the Bul- letin, who accompanied John Foster Dulles, Republican adviser to the State Depart- ment, on his just-completed trip to Korea and Japan. Mr. McCardle was interviewing Gen. Douglas MacArthur when word reached Tokyo of the Communist attack on South Korea.) (By Carl W. McCardle) WasuHincron, July 6.—Only a few nights Defore the Communist Invaders struck from the north, the scene at Chang Duk Palace, in Seoul, the capital city of the new Republic of South Korea, had seldom been as gay, even in the fabulous days of the dynasty. The occasion was a dinner given by the Foreign Minister of South Korea in honor of John Foster Dulles, Republican adviser to the State Department, who had helped bring ebout the independence of the country through the United Nations and had now as- sured the South Koreans that in trouble they would not stand alone. The guests, notables in the government, diplomats, and ranking military men, sat at a horseshoe-shaped table under the oriental lights of the throne room, looking out over the spacious gardens. When the coffee was served, dancing girls appeared in the center space in front of the table, as in the old court days. They bowed low, eased out of their slippers, and performed the stark, classical dances of old Korea, The happy mood of the diners darkened a Httle as one of the girls, in flowing black, executed an ancient funeral dance while beating a mournful dirge on a primitive drum. But the cloud passed, and the galety returned when, right after a “rain dance” for the parched rice fields, there was a heavy downpour of rain, and Foreign Minister Ben Limb led the singing of an old Korean folk song. The soaring price of rice, then the people's main worry, would go down next ay. It was all, somehow, out of Kipling’s and Maugham’s East, and in the afternoons there were garden parties, full of diplomatic small talk, in the shadow of the peaked hills be- yond which lay the thirty-eighth parallel, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE the invisible line dividing Russian-domi- nated North Korea from South Korea. All was quiet on the thirty-eighth parallel, the daily raids of small or large groups of Communists becoming commonplace. The American military advisers were sure that the South Korean army of 96,000—8 divi- sions——which they had trained, could handle any Communist attack, despite the fact the Communists had more men and had at least 100 Yak and Stormovik planes, 100 Russian tanks, and heavy artillery, while the South Koreans, inexperienced in battle, had none of those weapons. VETERANS INCLUDED The Northern forces were known to !n- clude at least two Korean regiments which had fought with the Russians at Stalingrad, and perhaps division of Chinese Communist veterans. The Americans could hear Russians giving orders in Russian to the North Korean sol- diers at the battalion command post and then hear their orders translated into Ko- rean at the firing center. But this was in- terpreted as meaning that the North Ko- reans were not as well trained as the South Koreans. At the front, however, Korean farmers nonchalantly ploughed fields with oxen next to mine fields, and singing women, sitting on the ground next a machine gun nest, winnowed wheat by hand, as it was done centuries ago. By daytime our diplomatic and economic mission occupied iteelf with what was con- sidered South Korea’s principal problem— its seeming Alice-in-Wonderland economy. The United States mission was pleased that it had at last achieved a balanced budget, at least on paper. To do this there had been difficulties with Syngman Rhee, the vener- able President of South Korea, The old man appeared to have one obsession. That was with the Communist threat from the North. He wanted to spend more money on defense and sometimes he did not bother to wait for the National Assembly to approve it—giving rise to cries he was a dictator. High-powered visitors from the State De- partment in Washington had lectured him on al] this and threatened the end of Amer- ican aid. One who was in Seoul just before the Communist invasion of South Korea and was in Tokyo when it happened can appre- ciate what a miracle it was that General of the Army Douglas MacArthur was able to recover the ball—even though it was on our l-yard line. ‘There had been many fumbles on our side. COMPLACENCE APPARENT In Seoul there was a fixed idea of com- placence about the military menace of the Communists. But there were lately some ominous signals. Intelligence reports came in telling of large concentrations of troops and tanks in North Korea 2 weeks before the bloody Sunday assault, These reports were not appraised too seri- ously, apparently, because in the past year there Were more than 600 “incidents” of Communists crossing the thirty-eighth par- allel, and in some cases 5,000 Communists had participated and penetrated as far as 20 miles inland before being thrown back. Another circumstance that was apparently not evaluated seriously enough was the call- ing back to Moscow of s number of Russian far-eastern experts, notably the Soviet mem- ber of the Allied Council in Tokyo. In any event, Col. Sterling Wright acting commander of the American military ad- visory group of 600 in South Korea, said our Korean intelligence was so good that we knew 24 hours in advance every move the North Koreans had in mind. Once, he said, some 600 Communists came over and We knew well ahead of time precisely where they JULY 13 would be and the South Koreans had lain in wait for them and caught the lot and broadcast back to the Northerners to send more, ROBERTS IN TOKYO On the Thursday before the Sunday in- vasion, Gen. William Roberts, who had com- manded the American military group in Seoul, was in Tokyo on his way home and was received by General MacArthur. He told General MacArthur that it was very unlikely that there would be any attack on South Korea. And on the tragic Sunday, Colonel Wright himself was in Tokyo seeing his wife off for the United States. When the news from Seoul of the Com- munist invasion was flashing over the news service wires in Tokyo, General MacArthur was having a talk with this correspondent in his office In Tokyo’s handsome Dai Ichi Building, headquarters of the Supreme Come mand for the Allied Powers. General Mac- Arthur was talking colorfully and confident- ly of the prospects for peace, holding the plausible belief that war was now an out- moded method of settling international dis- putes. The Russians knew it as well as we did, he felt sure, though he realized that some trigger incident could set off a clash and he warned—as he has again and again—that we man keep prepared, especially in the Far apt. FIRST WORD ARRIVES Then came the official word that the Rus- sians had finally taken the great tumble of overt aggression in Korea, despatching their Communist puppets across the thirty-eighth parallel. In line with the general unconcern over the Korean situation, the news was not im- mediately reported to General MacArthur, When the word finally was relayed to the general he calmly strode over to his wall map and studied the details of troop displace- ments in South Korea, the entrance core ridors and points where counteraction might be taken. Aldes brought in more bulletins. He read each carefully, and referred again to the map. He was all for the United States taking action of some sort to help the South Koreans re- pulse the Communists. As he talked he would rattle a box of matches, then throw the box down on a table in a quick gesture of emphasis. Whatever the American military point of view had been about Korea, MacArthur knew, as did other old hands in far eastern mat- ters, that the valley leading down from the thirty-eighth parallel was the traditional cor- ridor of invasion by the Mongols and the Great Khan, and that South Korea had better ports to offer a conqueror than Port Arthur, which Russia got in one of the Yalta deals. And, moreover, as the Japanese used to say, Korea is like a dagger aimed at the heart of Japan. BLOW MISCALCULATED Besides miscalculating the need in South Korea, many of the experts misinterpreted the nature of the blow. Throughout the first day in Tokyo it was regarded in some of the upper echelons as merely a raid in strength. The North Ko- reans were expected to withdraw as soon as they met some real resistance as they had done before, On the second day it was recognized as mone than a border raid and as a genuine invasion, but it was felt to be a kind of amateur-hour performance, indicating that the Russians were not actually involved as they would do the job so much better. And then on the third day when the Com~ munist invaders were at the gates of Seoul, the southern defenders having gone down in panic vefore the northerners’ tanks, a certain feeling of hopelessness ensued in some American quarters of Tokyo.
1950 Colonel Wright had said Korea was not tank terrain and that he expected to halt whatever tanks came through with mines. Generally the mines hadn’t been planted, but he expected to have enough warning to be able to get them down. FEARS EXPRESSED The opinion was expressed that since the Koreans presumably had lost the will to fight, there was Httle or nothing that the United States could do, and the impression grew that South Korea was to be written off. That impression still prevailed at the time General MacArthur got on the radio tele- printer hook-up to talk with the Defense Department in Washington. It was Tues- day afternoon in Tokyo, Monday night in Washington. As soon as he had heard officially of the Communist invasion General MacArthur said he hoped that the American people would rise up to meet this new very real challenge in the world struggle. If we didn’t, he be- lieved there would be another and another aggressive act by the Russians. Out of his fighting heart he was ready to go to any lengths. With the Air Force at his disposal he folt then that he could quick- ly end the North Korean advance. (The Air Force in Japan, Okinawa, and the Phil- ippines had been on the alert for 3 weeks, and it was sure, after analyzing the early reports from Seoul, that it could halt the Communists and the Russians wouldn't come in.) Even though Korea was out of his do- main, MacArthur ordered two LST's filled with ammunition to set off immediately for South Korea without waiting for the ap- proval from Washington. MEETS DULLES On Sunday afternoon he met with Dulles, who had come from Korea to talk with Mac- Arthur about a Japan peace treaty. Dulles was very gloomy. He had just writ- ten a cable to the Secretary of State, Ache- son, saying that if the South Koreans could repulse the invasion by themselves that would be the best way. But if they couldn't, he said, then the United States should fur- nish military power to South Korea even though this might risk an adverse reaction on the part of Russia. If the United States didn’t do anything about it and sat idly by, Dulles advised Ache- son, then the Russians would attempt the same thing in other countries, and a third world war would be inevitable. Whatever was done by us, Dulles said, should be done under the auspices of the United Nations. MacArthur heartily endorsed the Dulles eable, though it is reported it was held up for a couple of hours before being sent by someone down the line who apparently feared it might be too strong stuff. General MacArthur right away wished that Korea was under his command, and he wanted to take a trip over at once to sce for himself what the situation was—which he later did. ANOTHER CONFERENCE On the next morning, with the news from Seoul appearing hopeless, Dulles talked again with MacArthur—the third time in two daya—and then with Washington. Dulles was advised to leave that day on schedule for Washington. General MasArthur saw him off at the atrport and went immediately to get on the radio teleprinter hook-up with Washington. In the momentous conference that Presi- dent Truman held with his defense chiefs and Secretary Acheson, General MrcArthur, a happy warrior at 70, the fighting idol of the Pacific, was sent back into action—to help drive the enemy out of South Korea. And the decision of President Truman, a courageous decision, to give the South Ko- reans American military help, was taken on the initiative of Acheson. XCVI-——-633 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE American planes were soon on thelr way to Korea, and all this was a far cry from the attitude that had prevailed in Washing- ton regarding South Korea only a short time before. KARLIER ATTITUDE About six weeks ago the American Am- bassador to South Korea, John J. Muccio, came here for consultation. With a State Department official he went over to the Pentagon to confer with American military offictals. He advised them that South Korea had to have planes and tanks and heavy artillery if it were to defend itself. The at- titude of the military was then that South Korea was of little strategic value to us and was practically Indefensible. The State Department’s view was that while South Korea was of little importance to us strategically it was important for our prestige in the Far East, which was at a low ebb everywhere, and for that reason it should be supported. So it is a miracle that General MacArthur has the ball in Korea and perhaps it will be an even greater miracle if he carries it all the way back to the thirty-eighth par- allel. But miracles are what are expected of Douglas MacArthur, the man who came back to Bataan in World War I. Excerpts From SUCCEEDING ARTICLES Wasurncron, July 6.—This correspondent, privileged to get in to see Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur in Tokyo, found him at 70 still full of the drama of exciting events and with all the headlong zeal, spirit, and glamor of a cavalry dash at dawn. He symbolizes now the defense of South Korea against what he calls an act of inter- national banditry as he once immortalized the defense of Bataan. He sees it all as part of a bigger operation, the saving of the Far East and ultimately, perhaps, the United States itself. He thunders out his denunciation of the “asses” back home in the United States who say the United States cannot defend and look after its interests in the Far East at the same time that it defends and looks after its interests in Europe. It’s the most sha:ne- ful kind of defeatism he knows. Russia is looking out for itself on two fronts—and what kind of cowardice is it that says the United States can’t do it if Russia can. The MacArthur verdict is that the authors of such defeatism don't know the facts about the Far East and don’t want to learn. They are trying to exercise a kind of thought-con- trol over the United States. The Far East is America’s new frontier in his view. Before World War II all the United States had in the Pacific, he reminds you, was a sissy-like string of salients from Ha~- wali to the Philippines, and he learned all too well how much they were worth in the emergency of a quick war. Now the victory that the United States achieved in the Pacific in World War II pro- vides this country with a golden opportunity, It makes the whole Pacific a moat for the United States, an inland lake for the United States. And it gives the United States a se- ries of lateral islands which offer a sturdy defense line and which can be fortified at euch low cost as to make them the cheapest defenses in the world. DEFENSE CHEAP It wouldn't, for instance, cost much to defend Formosa. They say it isn’t strate- gically essential. But Formosa has 19 air~ fields on it, and submarine bases, and if the enemy held it, the enemy could get to Japan or to Clark Field in the Philippines just about 100 percent faster than the enemy could now. Wasuinaton, July 7.—Syngman Rhee, the doughty ‘76-year-old President of South Korea, has had to flee his palace in Seoul ‘10045 and hide in ditches along the narrow rocky roads to escape strafing by Russian planes. He knew it might happen that way. In a long talk with this correspondent on a bright and peaceful afternoon in his garden just 5 days before the Communist attack on his country, the venerable old man kept em- phastzing one theme: When would the United States realize the true danger of Soviet communism in the Far East. The United States had been preaching in- ternal reforms in the Far East, and belaboring the point in South Koreo, as if that were enough to deal with the external threat of Soviet communism, as if that were enough to knock out an enemy tank or down an enemy plane. Rhee, wearing a white linen suit, white shirt, and blue polkadot tie, was out in the garden, Hoe is a small man, but vigorous, and his weather-beaten face betrays an indom- inatable will. He talked mostly of the Communist men- ace and its true nature. No people can escape the harsh choice, he said, between communism and democracy, “We refure to make any concessions to the Comnrunists,” he said. “Anyone who advises us to com- promise with them ts not a friend of our independent Republic or of the Korean peo- ple.” Then he said that Gen. John R, Hodge, the first American commanding officer in South Korea after the war, who tried to negotiate a unified Korea with the Russians, had, upon instructions from the United States, asked him to take Communists into @ coalition government-——as had been pro- posed to Chiang Kai-shek in China, REDS SCARED OF MASTERS President Rhee said he told General Hodge that it wouldn't work, but that he agreed to try. The Communists themselves, however, got scared of their masters and refused, Rhee added. “If we should lose the cold war by default, we will regain our free world in the end by a hot war regardless of cost—of that Iam sure,” Rhee asaid. “Since we realize the evil na- ture of Communist expansion, why should we allow the cancer to spread so wide and deep that nothing short of another global operation at enormous cost to the civilized world can defeat 1t? Why do we not operate while the malignant disease is still in its early stages?” President Rhee took a sip of tea and asked what had happened to the $10,000,000 arms aid the American Congress had voted for Korea nearly a year before. He asked why South Korea shouldn't have 40 American fighter planes in Japan he said were obsolete. Rhee said: “We took up a collection, our little people did, and raised enough money to buy the trainer planes. That is all—and we have no machine guns for them.” That was all the alr force the South Koreans had, besides some 15 puddle-Jumping liaison planes, also unarmed. While Rhee was talking the South Korean acting prime minister and defense minister, Sihn Sung-mo, a former commander in the British Navy, joined us. He made a plea for American planes and armament and seid that the United States at least should sell the materials to Korea at reduced cost. When the possibility of the United States getting involved with Ruesta over Korea, was menttoned, Sihn Sung-mo smiled patiently and said: “Well, if it happens that way, it will mean that you would get involved any- way and you might as well get involved when the advantage is on your side. Remember that you waited in the last war and still had to fight after all when you weren't yet ready.” In Beoul or Tokyo no one knew any more what was in the Kremlin's mind than else- where. But it was the theory of John Foster Dulles, Republican adviser to the State De- artment, whose visit to South Korea just efore the invasion had so buoyed up that
10046 country's hopes and spirit, that the South Korean experiment in independence was suc- ceeding so well that it was striking out as & kind of moral salient and thereby threaten- ing the Russian police state in North Korea. Another theory was that Russia wanted to get all of Korea so that it could have a better chance of clamping a nutcracker on Japan. A third theory expressed by high officials jn Japan was that Russia wanted to try on mill- tary action for size in the Far East. Wasuinaron, July 8.—South Korean sol- diers who were fighting the hot-cold war against the Communists were receiving 45 cents a month and a ration of rice a day. A full colonel] did better. He got $16 a month. The American economic experts in Seoul were plagued by a feeling that old Syngman Rhee, president of South Korea and a relent- less foe of communism, was using the Com- munist threat in the north to play unortho- dox tricks with his country’s very unorthodox economy, and thereby enhance his own pow- er. So they sat down pretty hard on him some weeks ago. After having it drummed over and over in his ears: “Balance the budget” and “Be dem- ocratic,” the old man finally, if reluctantly, agreed to follow a series of recommendations. Notable among these was that his defense budget was to be cut by $10,000,000. JAPS HAD FEWER POLICE Rhee had a police force of 50,000. It was pointed out to him that the Japanese, when they were in power in Korea, had a police force of only 18,000. There were suspicions that Rhee, one of the most undictatorial men in appearance and manner you can hope to meet, was seeking to build up a police state. Rhee had a very simple argument, but tt was almost arbitrarily brushed aside. It was that the large number of police was needed to repulse Communist guerrillas. Many of them were up at the border doing just that, and getting wounded or killed In the process. It ig true that the police also were used for purely police activities more than ordinary requirements dictated, and certainly they were more ruthless than is required by any policeman’s manual. Rhee’s argument that as many policemen as possible were needed at the thirty-elghth parallel has, of course, been borne out by events. But he was advised that he would have to reduce his police force in the name of economy, if nothing else. WANTED STRONGER ARMY While Rhee kept up an embarrassing mon- olog for a stronger South Korean army, he was informed that the economy of his coun- try couldn't tolerate it, This was aj] too true by the economists’ slide rule, but the trouble was that the Communists up north, with their Russian advisers, didn't happen to be using the same type of slide rule. In the map room of the quonset-hut head- quarters of the commanding general of the South Korea's Seventh Division, one of its better outfits, stationed near the Communist border, a copybook motto hung on the wall. “Victory,” it said, ‘depends 90 percent on education and 10 percent on common sense.” Like all such ready-made injunctions, it was @ little too pat. It didn't include any percentage for weapons. So, all things considered, if the South Koreans aren't fighting the way the American military advisers were sure they would, there are reasons, — WasHINGTON, July 8.—~When and if we drive the Communists back across the thirty-elghth parallel in Korea, or beyond, then the United States will be just beginning to fight—with dollars. Now that the Communists have started an armed clash by unprovoked aggression, there CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE is justification for speculation that the United States “‘police action,” once it gets on the counteroffensive, will not stop at the artificial border of the thirty-elghth parallel that had separated Russian-dominated North Korea from the South Korean Re- public. It very probably may go right on and mop up North Korea. Syngman Rhee, president of South Korea, feels sincerely that the only way Korea can be united again is through force of arms, and that now has been instigated by the Communists, In any case, chopped off from North Korea, South Korea can scarcely live, without ever- lasting help from the United States, SOUTH KOREA NEAR BANKRUPTCY Even in the uneasy peace that existed be- fore the Communist invasion, about all that wes holding up the bizarre, oriental econ- omy of South Korea was United States aid, and the devoted work of the official Ameri- can mission, one of the best in our Foreign Service. The struggling young Republic, less than 2 years old, was always just a couple of jumps from bankruptcy. The situation was complicated by budgetary practices of a natve, dream-like quality, completely out of this pragmatic world. If the United States had pulled out, it very Nkely would have coliapsed within a few weeks and the Com- munists could have swept up the pieces. Whereas the United States had put in up- ward of $200,0C0,080 in ECA aid before, it will, in view of the wreckage and devasta- tion of the war, have to put in many times that amount to keep South Korea afloat if the country manages to emerge intact from the current catastrophe. Moreover, the United States can scarcely escape the obligation, if it wants to save Korea from a repetition of this blow by Soviet communism, to resume a full Amer- ican—or United Nations—military occupa- tion of the country. The United States withdrew Its occupation forces last year and left only an American Army advisory group of 500. RUSSIA GOT THE BREAKS In the division of Korea that Russia forced upon us after World War II, Russia got all the breaks. In the Russian-dominated North Korea there was all the heavy indus- try of the country and only 10,000,000 popu- lation to look after. In South Korea there were only farm- lands—and 20,000,000 people, to say nothing of the several million refugees who fled tu South Korea to escape Communist persecu- tion. It is thought that the Russians let these refugees go, not only because they would add to the burden of the south, but also because the Soviets were screening out any possibly “unreliable” elements. It is known that another batch of “unreliables” was dis- patched to Siberia and that infamous fate. When the Russians got through with these purges what remained could be counted on fairly well to support the Soviets, as they appear to be doing in the fighting now*in progress. LETTER FROM SENATOR WILEY TO THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, recently the Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Bran- nan, was guilty of making certain very unfair statements in the course of an address which he delivered in Milwaukee on the subject of an important farm vote that was held here in the Senate. I have written, therefore, an open let- ter to him and to an A. F. of L. paper, correcting those misstatements. I ask unanimous consent that the text of this open letter be printed at this JULY 18 point in the body of the ConGRESSIONAL REcorD. There being no objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Jory 11, 1950. Hon. Cuartes BRANNAN, Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Re misstatement in your Jefferson-Jackson Day address in Milwaukee last Saturday night. My Dear Mr. Secretary: I am respectfully writing to you to acquaint you with certain facts which I should think a person occupy- ing the distinguished position of Secretary of Agriculture would be familiar with, but which (to take one interpretation) you ap- parently do not understand or recognize, to say the least. Then, again, you might possi- bly recognize these facts, but evidenced by certain misstatements that you regrettably made in your Jefferson-Jackson Democratic Day address at the Milwaukee Auditorium last Saturday night. WHAT SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE OMITTED SAYING First, let me say that we of Wisconsin are always sincerely happy to welcome distin- guished officials of the executive branch to America's dairyland. I am sorry, however, that you did not use your visit to explain to the dairy farmers of Wisconsin why you have failed to lift a finger to prevent the fall in dairy returns by around 26 percent within the last year. I am sorry that you did not explain just how 1t was that (a) President Truman could campaign for office prior to the November 1948 election on the basis of promising to maintain farm income high, and (b) within 12 months thereafter how it was that the President could sit by with folded hands while the dairy farmers’ prices dropped through the floor. It is indeed to be regretted, too, that you did not explain why it was that Congressman Rew Murray, Republican, of Wisconsin, and I had to practically pull the teeth of the Department of Agriculture to get you to sup- port adequately manufactured dairy prod- ucts at the time they were suffering particu- larly badly. Oh, how much Wisconsin’s 175,000 farms would have been interested in hearing from your lips your attempted explanation of why the Democratic administration has stabbed the dairy farmer in the back by overriding Republican opposition and passing the vicious oleo yellow color steal. WISCONSIN 18 WISE TO SMEAR ARTISTS Be that as it may, we try to be courteous to out-of-State visitors who come to Wiscon- sin. However, when they come from the White House and the agencies on political smear missions, we have a habit of listening to them politely, but then doing exactly con- trary to what they recommend. Thus, in 1944, your undistinguished prede- cessor, Mr. Henry ‘‘kill-the-little-pigs” Wal- lace came to Wisconsin to attempt to smear me, as did Mr. Ickes, Mr. Wickard, and the then Senator, Mr. Truman. Your predecess- ors came, they saw, and they were conquered by the battling badgers. Yes, the Wisconsin voters listened to these visitors and then proceeded to reject completely what they had recommended. I believe very confidently that the same will occur this time. A COINCIDENCE OF PARROTING However, right now, I just want to point out one of the many misstatements which you made in the course of your address last Saturday. Let me point to you an in- teresting coincidence wherein the July 3 issue of the newspaper, the League Reporter, published by the American Federation of Labor, a deliberate distortion of facts simi- lar to yours was printed. Sure enough, I
1950 expected that sooner or later some of the administration parrots would proceed to mimic that misstatement and as expected, this occurred, because within a week you re- peated the very same canard published in that issue, The League Reporter commented on the fact that on June 26 a 86-to-35 vote in the Senate defeated our Republican effort to re- commit to committee the conference report on the Commodity Credit Corporation bill, The A. F. of L, misinformation sheet told its readers that whoever voted to recommit the CCC bill to committee was voting against price supports. Nothing, however, could be further from the truth. Unfortunately, however, you picked up the A. F, of L. cue and also decided to stray from the truth by stating in Milwaukee that Sena- tor WiLry had allegedly voted against a bill which would make !t possible for farmers to get continued price supports for their milk. Oh, what deliberate bunk on your part. Let me point out the following facts so as to nail that Democratic mistruth in its tracks and so that never again will anyone have the audacity to repeat so vicious a mis- statement. 1. The question of continued price sup- ports for milk was not under the remotest consideration in that 86-35 vote. A DEMOCRATIC SENATOR PROVED DEMOCRAT BRANNAN WRONG I refer you to a statement made by the Democratic Senator who had cosponsored the amendment, the Honorable Warren MAGNUSON, of Washington. He stated that the bill, H. R. 6567, increased borrowing au- thority of the Commodity Credit Corpora- tion by $2,000,000,000. He stated further as reported on page 9161 of the ConGREssIONAL Recorp that— “Both the House and Senate were in com- plete agreement that the CCC borrowing au- thority should be increased. In conse- quence, any Senator who votes with me to reject this conference report cannot be ac- cused by that action of being against the farmers of this country. Irrespective of whether we send this bill back to confer- ence, & $2,000,000,000 increase in CCC's hor- rowing authority is assured. The only ques- tion before the conferees has to do with section 8 of the Senate version—the s0- called Magnuson-Morse amendment. If we reject the conference report this amendment again will be the only issue before the conferees.” UNITED STATES FARM ITEMS NEED TARIVY PROTECTION 2. Senator Macnuson then went on to show that completely contrary to what the Secretary of Agriculture stated in Milwaukee and what the A. F. of L. sheet stated in Washington, a failure to reject the confer- ence report jeopardized the entire price- support program. Why? Because as you full well know, the aim of the Magnuson- Morse amendment (which I also supported in its original version) was to streamline a procedure for tariff protection of American farm commodities. Thus, this amendment was designed to transfer to you as the Sec- retary of Agriculture, the exclusive right to investigate injurious effects of imports of foreign commodities on our domestic farm program. We of the Republican minority felt that it is absolutely ridiculous to con- tinue to import tremendous quantities of potatoes, for example, or foreign types of cheeses when at the very same time, huge surpluses of potatoes and cheese are piling up in our own warehouses, That is why the Magnuson-Morse amendment was offered, because under it, when farm surpluses piled up, there would be authorized to be estab- MNshed an import fee of up to 50 percent of value or a quota limiting the amount of imports to not less than 50 percent of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE imports during a representative period in the past. 3. Let me point out that the whole idea of such procedure dates all the way back to November 23, 1935, when President Roose- velt issued Executive Order No. 72, delegat- ing preliminary investigation authority to the Secretary of Agriculture when imports interfered with domestic farm products under the Triple A Act. However, it was found that this procedure dating back these 15 years in which the Secretary of Agricul- ture makes a review and reports to the Pres- ident, and the President then asks the Tariff Commission to make a study—that this pro- cedure takes as long as 17 to 18 months or 2 years. ‘Therefore, the Magnuson-Morse amendment was offered to establish a single, simple investigation by the Secretary of Agriculture on the injurious effects on farm imports. The conference committee, unfortunately, mutilated the Magnuson-Morse amendment and we had no alternative therefore, but to try to vote to send the bill back to the committee so that it could restore the Mag- nuson-Morse amendment, and thus in ef- fect, protect United States domestic farm production. BECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE WANTS T) TORPEDO FARM SUPPORTS 4. In summary, the 35 of us who voted to recommit the bill were voting for protec- tion of American farmers. On the other hand, the 36 who voted against recommittal were, I believe, in sincerity but in mistaken approach voting against the welfare of Amer- ican farmers, You, the Secretary of Agriculture, who are sworn to protect the interests of Amer- ican agriculture have in effect endorsed an act by the Senate which jeopardized the very price-support program which you are sup- posed to be executing. This, I trust, helps to straighten out the situation which you have unfortunately at- tempted to confuse. I hope that you will be coming back to Wis- consin soon again, because I think that we will give you a real Badger greeting (at the polls) such as we did in November 1944, to your predecessor. Oh, by the way, I was just wondering whether the Democratic administration will now attempt to defeat Senator Macnuson because of his cosponsorship of the amend- ment or Senate Majority Leader Lucas, be- cause he completely rejects the farm plan which bears your name? With all good wishes, I am, Sincerely yours, ALEXANDER WILEY. STANDARDS OF ELECTRICAL AND PHOTO- METRIC MEASUREMENTS The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill (8. 441) to redefine the units and establish the standards of electrical and photometric measurements, which were on page 8, lines 10 and 11, strike out “National Bu- reau of Standards” and insert “Secretary of Commerce,” and on page 8, lines 14 and 15, strike out “National Bureau of Standards” and insert “Department of Commerce.” Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I move that the Senate concur in the amend- ments of the House. The motion was agreed to, AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill (8, 2046) to 10047 provide authority for certain functions and activities of the National Bureau of Standards and for other purposes, which were, on page 2, strike out line 2 and insert “;”; on page 2 line 12 strike out “Bureay” and insert “Secretary of Commerce”; on page 2 line 15 after “fa- cilities”, insert “of the National Bureau of Standards”, and to amend the title so as to read: An act to provide authority for certain functions and activities in the Department of Commerce, and for other purposes. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I move that the Senate concur in the amend- ments of the House. The motion was agreed to. PERFORMANCE OF CERTAIN FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL BURE“U OF STANDARDS The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill S. 2201, an act amending section 2 of the act of March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1449), to provide basic authority for the performance of certain functions and activities of the National Bureau of Standards, and for other purposes, which were, on page 1, lines 6 and 7, to strike out “The functions of the Bureau shall be the following:” and insert ‘The Secretary of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Secre- tary’) is authorized to undertake the following functions:"; on page 2, line 22, strike eut “Bureau” and insert “Sec- retary”; on page 5, lines 15 and 16, strike out “specified functions of the Bureau” and insert “functions specified herein”; on page 5, lines 18 and 19, strike out “work of the Bureau” and insert “performance of the functions specified herein’; on page 6, lines 4 and 5, strike out “National Bureau of Standards, the Bureau” and insert “Secretary in the performance of functions specified herein, the Department of Commerce’; on page 6, line 8, strike out “equipment,” and insert “equipment”; on page 6, lines 8 and 9, strike out “National Bu- reau of Standards” and insert ‘“Depart- ment of Commerce”; on page 8, line 10, after “investigation” insert “authorized herein”; on page 6, lines 11 and 12, strike out “National Bureau of Standards” and insert “Department of Commerce”; on page 6, line 16, strike out “of the Na- tional Bureau of Standards” and in- sert “authorized herein”; and to amend the title so as to read: “An act to amend section 2 of the act of March 8, 1901 (31 Stat. 1449), to provide basic au- thority for the performance of certain functions and activities of the Depart- ment of Commerce, and for other pur- poses,”’ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I move that the Senate concur in the amend- ments of the House. The motion was agreed to. GRANT OF EASEMENT TO EAST BAY MU- NICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT, ALAMEDA, CALIP. The VICE PRESIDENT Iaid before the Senate the amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill (8. 2507) to authorize the United States Maritime Commission to grant to the East Bay Municipal Utility District, an agency of
10048 the State of California, an easement for the construction and operation of an in- terceptor sewer pipeline in and under certain Government-owned lands com- prising a part of the Maritime Alameda @hipyard, Alameda, Calif., which were, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: That the Secretary of Commerce is au- thorized to grant and convey to the East Bay Municipal Utility District, an agency of the State of California, without cost to the said utility district, and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary of Commerce may deem proper, a perpetual easement for the construction, maintenance, operation, renewal, replacement, and repair of an in- terceptor sewer pipeline or pipelines within two strips of land 20 feet wide each, one ex- tending 4 distance of seven hundred and thirty-nine and thirty-seven one-hundredths feet northerly from Tynan Avenue and the other extending a distance of one thousand two hundred and eighty-five and seventy- four one-hundredths feet southerly from Tynan Avenue, both lying along the easterly boundary of lands comprising a part of the Maritime Alameda Shipyard, Alameda, Calif., and contigiuous to the westerly boundary line of the Central Pacific Railway Co. right- of-way, metes and bounds descriptions of such strips of land being on file with the Secretary of Commerce. And to amend the title so as to read: “An act to authorize the Secretary of Commerce to grant to the East Bay Mu- nicipal Utility District, an agency of the State of California, an easement for the construction and operation of an inter- ceptor sewer pipeline in and under cer- tain Government-owned lands compris- ing a part of the Maritime Alameda Shipyard, Alameda, Calif.” Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I move that the Senate concur in the amend- ments of the House. The motion was agreed to. GENERAL APPROPRIATION, 1051 The Senate resumed the considera-~- tion of the bill (H. R. 7786) making ap- propriations for the support of the Gov- ernment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951, and for other purposes. The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques- tion is on agreeing to the amendment on page 27, line 21, which was under consideration at the time of recess yes- terday. The amendment will be stated. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK, On page 27, after line 20, it is proposed to insert the following: INDEX-DIGEST OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE TEMPORARY NATIONAL ECONOMIC COMMITTEE Salaries and expenses: For expenses neces- sary to enable the Librarian to edit and pub- sh the index-digest of the publications of the Temporary National Economic Commit- tee, including personal services in the Dis- trict of Columbia; printing and binding; services as authorized by section 15 of the act of August 2, 1946 (5 U. 8. C. 55a); $18,000, to remain available until expended, The amendment was agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will state the next committee amendment. The next amendment was, under the heading “Library of Congress—Library Buildings,” on page 31, line 12, after the word “expenses”, to strike out “$695,200” and insert $698,680.” The amendment was agreed to. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, as I understand, that complete chapter IT of the omnibus bill. Before we proceed with the next chapter, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate reconsider the vote by which the amendment on page 5, beginning with line 5, and ending with line 9, was agreed to. Before that action is taken, I wish to state that through an oversight the Senate failed to appro- priate $2,416 to pay the pages for the 2 weeks after the Congress adjourns. The reason for my request for reconsid- eration of the vote is so that that item may be inserted; that is to add to the present figure the sum of $2,416. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? The Chair hears none, and by unanimous consent, the vote by which the amendment was agreed to will be reconsidered. Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I offer the amendment I suggested. The VICE PRESIDENT, The amend- ment will be stated. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 5, line 9, it is proposed to strike out “$1,- 025,789” and insert in lieu thereof “$1,- 028,205.” Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I shall not object, but I should like to know what the effect of the amendment is. Mr. ELLENDER. The effect is to in- crease the amount by $2,416 so as to pay the pages for 2 weeks after Congress re- cesses or adjourns. That is provided for under Public Law 641 of the Eightieth Congress. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the amendment to the committee amendment. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment, as amended, was agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. The secretary will state the next committee amend- ment. The next amendment was, under the heading “Chapter III—Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, and the Judi- clary—Title I—Department of State— Salarics and expenses,” on page 42, line 18, after the word “advance”, to strike out “$77,300,000 and insert “$78,- 300,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was on page 43, line 6, after “(5 U. S. C. 168d) to insert a colon and the following additional pro- viso: “Provided further, That the com- pensation of the Deputy Under Secretary for Administration shall be $17,500 per annum so long as the position is held by the present incumbent.” Mr. WILLIAMS, Mr. President, may we have the amendment identified? The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend- ment is on page 43, line 6. Mr. WILLIAMS. I understand that amendment is going to be withdrawn. Is that correct? Mr. McCARRAN. I desire to make a statement with reference to the amend- ment, Mr. President, I have the honor of be- ing chairman of the Appropriation Sub- committee for the Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, and the Judici- ary. Iam gratified that the full com- mittee approved, and has so reported the JULY 13 recommendations of my subcommittee. I feel that this is a tribute to my col- leagues on the subcommittee, and I wish at this time to express my appre- ciation to them for the splendid work they did on chapter III of this bill, I wish also to express my personal appre- ciation and to compliment the Senator from Tennessee |Mr. McKetzar], chair- man of the full committee, for his leadership in guiding this very difficult appropriation bill through the commit- tee. He has devoted many long hours to this task, and deserves the thanks of the Senate for a job well done. We have accomplished substantial reductions, and I wish to assure the Senate that these reductions were only made after exhaustive hearings and many hours of consideration. They represent the judgment of the subcommittee, con- curred in by the full committee, as to the minimum that should be allowed each Department and agency for the perform- ance of their necessary functions during the fiscal year 1951. Chapter III, as re- ported, represents a reduction in cash and contract authority of $142,136,665, or 11.1 percent below the budget esti- mates, and is $35,144,230 or 3 percent be- low the amount allowed by the House, The budget estimate was $1,276,649,397; the House allowed $1,169,656,962; the committee recommends a total of $1,134,512,732. For the Department of State, the bud- get estimate in cash was $230,077,397; the House allowed a total of $217,651,297. The committee recommends a total of $204,483,067, a reduction of $25,594,330, or 11.1 percent below the budget, and a reduction of $13,168,230, or 6.1 percent below the House. For the Department of Justice the budget estimate in cash was $149,002,800; the House allowed a total of $144,230,000. The committee recommends a total of $141,952,000, a reduction of $7,050,800, or 4.7 percent below the budget, and a reduction of $2,278,000, or 1.6 percent be- low the House. For the Department of Commerce the budget estimate in cash was $782,419,000; the House allowed a total of $725,429,000. The committee recommends a total of $696,183,000, a reduction of $86,236,000, or 11 percent below the budget, and a reduction of $29,246,000, or 3.7 below the House. For the judiciary the budget estimate in cash was $24,113,700; the House al- lowed a total of $23,560,165. The com- mittee recommends a total of $23,478,665, a reduction of $635,035, or 2.6 percent below the budget, and a reduction of $81,500, or 0.3 percent below the House. In contract authority, the committee recommends an increase or $7,000,000 for the institute of inter-American affairs in the Department of State. The budget estimate for this item was $14,000,000, and the House committee had recom- mended $7,000,000, which amount was struck out on the House floor. For the Department of Justice the committee recommends no increase in contract au- thority. For the Department of Com- merce the committee recommends a net increase of $2,629,500 in contract au- thority. The committee recommends
1950 an increase of $6,538,500 in contract au- thority for air navigation facilities un- der the CAA, but also recommends a decrease of $3,909,000 in contract au- thority approved by the House for the national Bureau of Standards. While the committee is recommending an in- crease of $9,629,500 in contract authority over that allowed by the House, the total of the committee’s recommendation is $22,620,500 below the budget estimate, or 24.8 percent. Mr. President, I have only attempted to sketch the broad outlines of the com- mittee’s action in regard to chapter ITI, and I shall be happy to answer any ques- tions that any Senators may have. I may say Mr. President, that the com- mittee recommended an increase in sal- ary for Mr. John E. Peurifoy, the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Adminis- tration, from $15,000 to $17,500 per an- num. Since the committee’s action, the President has transmitted to the Senate the nomination of Mr. Peurifoy to be Ambassador to Greece. Since Mr. Peuri- foy will not be occupying the position which he now holds in the Department in Washington, I shall ask, when we ar- rive at that amendment, that it be rejected. The VICE PRESIDENT. We are now at that amendment. The question is on agreeing to the com- mittee amendment, on page 43, begin- ning in line 6. Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, I ask that the amendment be rejected, because of the reasons I have stated and in view of the fact that Mr. Peurifoy is about to be sent as Ambassador to Greece, and will not occupy the position he now holds in the Department of State. It was the view of the committee, let me say, that in view of the value of Mr. Peurifoy’s services—his fine, candid, up- standing way of presenting matters to the committee and of handling the af- fairs of the Secretary of State when he came before the committee—he should have the same salary as that of the Deputy Under Secretary of State who is just ahead of him. However, now that Mr. Peurifoy is to be sent as Ambassador to Greece, I am asking that the recommendation of the committee be rejected. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the committee amend- ment, on page 48, line 6. Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I wish to state that the committee amend- ment should be disagreed to, as requested by the chairman of the subcommittee. The VICE PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the committee amend- ment. The amendment was rejected. The VICE PRESIDENT. The next amendment of the committee will be stated. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Representation allowances,” on page 43, line 13, after “(22 0.8. C. 1181) ,” to strike out “$675,000” and insert “$900,000.” The amendment was agreed to. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE The next amendment was, on page 43, after line 13, to strike out: VOREIGN SERVICE RETIREMENT AND DISABLITTY FUND For financing the lability of the United States, created by the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U. 8S. ©, 1061-1116), $2,233,000, which amount shall be placed to the credit of the “Foreign Service retirement and dis- ability fund.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Buildings fund,” on page 43, line 24, after the word “Act”, to strike out “$8,000,000” and insert “$5,000,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Emergencies in the diplomatic and consular service,” on page 44, line 13, after the word “Columbia”, to strike out “$10,600,000” and insert “$9,900,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Contributions to international organizations,” on page 44, line 21, after the word “Congress”, to strike out “$55,- 178,297” and insert “$53,753,067.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Missions to international or- ganizations,” on page 45, line 25, after the word “chauffeurs”, to strike out “$1,600,000” and insert “$1,500,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “International contingencies,” on page 47, line-?, after “(44 U. 8. C. 111)", to strike out “$3,000,000” and in- sert “$2,800,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico,” on page 48, line 12, after the words “purchase of”, to strike out “four” and insert “eight”; and in the samc line, after the word “vehicles”, to insert “of which six shall be.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “Construction,” on page 49, line 19, after the numerals “1944”, to strike out “$5,035,000” and insert “$3,000,000.” The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead “American sections, interna- tional commissions,” on page 51, line 11, after the word “Commissions”, to strike out “$500,000” and insert “$600,000”; and in line 15, after the word “forth”, to in- sert “except'that $92,000 of such amount shall be available upon the enactment of this act and until expended only for the examination and survey of the Red River of the north and its tributaries for the purpose of determining what action should be taken to control floods and provide proper drainage in the areas through which such river and tribu- taries flow.” The amendment was agreed to. Mr. McoCARRAN. Mr. President, I thought the clerk had skipped the com- mittee amendment on page 48, in line 12, but I believe I am in error as to that. The VICE PRESIDENT. Both those amendments are agreed to. The clerk will state the next amend- ment of the committee. 10049 The next amendment was, under the subhead “International information and educational activities,” on page 54, line 13, after the word “organizations”, to strike out “$34,000,000” and insert “$32,- 700,000, of which sum $200,000 shall be used for the purpose of preserving friendships with the peoples of western European countries by means of radio broadcasts, said programs to be created and produced under the supervision and control of the Department of State by experienced private international broad- casting organizations; and.” Mr, FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, to that committee amendment, I have an amendment to offer. It has been printed and lies on the desk, and I now offer it. The VICE PRESIDENT. The amend- ment to the committee amendment will be stated. The LeorsuatiIve CLERK. On page 64, in line 13, in lieu of the figure “$32,700,- 000", it is proposed to insert the figure “$36,645,000.” Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I wish to discuss this amendment for a few moments. I have offered amendments on several occasions—this will be the third year—to the appropriation items for this particular program. Before I discuss the actual effect of the amendment I am offering to the commit- tee amendment, let me say that I have from the State Department a report as to a tentative distribution of the cut which has been made in this program. I wish to say, first, that this program should not be regarded as a peacetime business-as-usual type of program, I think what is going on today in Korea and what has been occurring in the sat- ellite countries for the past 3 or 4 years surely should demonstrate to the Senate and to the people that this program is a very vital and important part of our se- curity and of our defense. Last night I happened to read an arti- cle in which I know many Senators will be intcrested. It appears in the Satur- day Evening Post, and is by Mr. Hanson W. Baldwin, who is admitted to be one of our best civilian authorities on the question of the Defense Establishment. It is a disturbing article. As I read about the sad state of our military security I was more than ever concerned about the weakness of our information and ex- change program. Apparently we are not very wise in our efforts to prevent war or to win a war after it has started. This information program has been neglected and has been kicked about ever since the war ended. I think its effect upon our ability to defend the American system in certain other coun- tries has been greatly underestimated. I desire to recall to the Senate a few words from the debate of June 30, last year, appearing at page 7333 of the Rro- orp, as follows: One of the principal means by which communism has now gained control of China is through the activities of Chinese who have been indoctrinated in Moscow over a long period of time. Senators will notice, . if they read oarefully, that practically all the leaders, like Mao Tse-tung in China, or Tito in Yugoslavia, or Togliatti in Italy, were trained under programs very similar
10050 to the one which is supported by the appro- priation we are considering. They were trained in Moscow by that type of program, leaders throughout the world, people who have been brought to Moscow under edu- cational exchange programs. Since the earliest days of the Soviet regime it has maintained and expanded its educational exchange program. We have relied—I think perhaps too much, as events are showing in Korea today—upon what we thought was a very strong and invulnerable Military Estab- lishment. The point is, I think, that this program should be considered in its relationship to our foreign policy. It is not a business-as-usual activity. Its purpose is not simply to give opportu- nities to individuals as such. It is to enable us to develop a corps of young people who have experience in foreign countries which they can devote to the defense and the security of this coun- try, among other things. That is cer- tainly one of the primary objectives. I would not—as I did not yesterday with regard to the new office building— be here urging the increase of any ap- propriation purely of a peactime na- ture which we could forego for the mo- ment without in any way prejudicing our foreign relations. I need not tell the Senate that the real trouble and the real danger to this country is not in connection with domestic affairs, but in connection with foreign affairs. I need not tell the Senate that the great mis- takes which have been made within the past few years have been primarily in our foreign relations. That is due, to a great extent, to the fact that we have not developed and sufficiently utilized the services of experienced persons who are acquainted with the history and who know how to speak the languages of the countries with which we have to deal, I think that is generally admitted. We were isolationists so long that now, when we enter into the foreign field, whether we like it or not, we are poorly prepared. To alter that situation is one of the principal objectives of this pro- gram. I think it is a great reflection upon the judgment of this body that year after year we have cut down this pro- gram, holding it to a bare minimum, The history of it is familiar to Senators. Last year it was cut in a manner very similar to the cut made this year. The year before that, as I recall, it was very substantially cut. It is true that last year there was, later, a nonrecurring appropriation in the deficiency appropri- ation for certain physical equipment in the radio field. But the actual opera- tions of the program have been severely curtailed. I think that has been one of the greatest mistakes we have ever made. For the record, I desire to recall what has happened here. We are providing great economic and military aid to many countries, on a scale far larger than the amount of money devoted to this pro- gram of establishing real understanding among the peoples and of enlightening them as to why we are engaging in such programs as the ECA. The House of Representatives proposes that amount of the appropriation for the fiscal year 1951 for the information and educational exchange program be re- the - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE duced from the budget estimate of $36,- 645,000 to $34,000,000. That, as I say, follows the pattern of last year very closely. The Senate committee is now proposing an appropriation of $32,'700,- 000. I believe that the reduction of $1,300,000 recommended by the Senate committee would be, to say the least, un- realistic in the face of present world conditions and in the light of the amount of money being devoted to com- munistic propaganda throughout the world. If we are to create a peaceful world, it will not be through the use of arms alone. I do not think we can do it by the use of arms alone, nor by providing economic aid, alone. We must employ some means of arousing the undersiand- ing and the cooperation of peoples throughout the world. Present world conditions emphasize this need for a much greater effort in telling the Ameri- can story abroad and in combating false propasanda with the truth. Yet, at this time, when the need is so great, an efiort is being made to reduce the appropria- tion, although the amount originally proposed was only $36,645,000. One particular aspect of the appropria- tion has to do withthe exchange of students. The House committee made an observation that the emphasis should be placed on the aspect of the prcgram, under Public Law 584, which does not call for dollars. Of course, I think that demonstrates a complete misunderstand- ing as to how the program operates. The dollars which were requested, which were allocated under the budget submit- ted by the Secretary of State, amounted to only a little more than $600,000, Last year, we had a program with only 10 countries. The most recent addition, as will be recalled, was Austria, which brings the number of countries to 19. Yet this provision of the bill will entail a decrease in the amount of dollars which were available to carry on the program with only 10 countries. So it is obvious that if the provision is adopted it will necessitate a much further restriction of the exchange program. As a matter of fact, for the fiscal year 1950, approximately only 50 percent of the grants which were authorized to en- able foreign nationals to come to this country could be accepted because there were no dollars available. In other words, it achieves no results to urge the Department to increase the programs which use forcign currencies alone when there are no dollars to balance them. I think the total amount which would be needed under a fully balanced program would be only $1,500,000. When we put that in the perspective of what we are doing through ECA and through other aid programs, it is merely a drop in the bucket, and I simply cannot understand the wisdom of restricting this program. Mr. KEM. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Arkansas yield to the Sen- ator from Missouri? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield. Mr. KEM. The Senator from Arkan- sas will remember that the ECA, last year, brought students to this country JULY 13 for the purpose of studying our institu- tions, with particular reference to the matter of learning how to balance budg- ets. I should like to ask the Senator from Arkansas whether any of the stu- dents who are to be brought under this appropriation will also be interested in learnings how to balance budgets? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I do not know. I may say, first, that the ECA program is not this program and has no connection with it. The administrators of this pro- gram do not determine what the course of study shall be. I confess a doubt as to whether this would be one of the best places to find out how to balance a budget. We have considerable difficulty on that score in the Senate, I may say. So I doubt that that would be one of their principal objectives. Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a very brief obser- vation? The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Arkansas yield to the Sen- ator from New Mexico? Mr, FULBRIGHT. I yield. Mr. CHAVEZ. In answer to the Sen- ator from Missouri, I may suggest that the way to balance the budget 1s not by depriving foreign students of any of the benefits to be enjoyed in America. The way to balance the budget is to take it out of the United States Senate. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I said a moment ago that I had obtained a tentative statement, if this reduction remains in the bill, of what the Depart- ment estimates it will have to do in order to adjust itself to the reduction which has been imposed by the House and the Senate. On their radio program, $405,- 000 would be cut from their estimated budget. I refer to the one with which they started. It is said this will require the elimination of the publication of broadcasting schedules and all other promotional activities designed to ex- pand the overseas listening audience, and that it will make it impossible to activate certain programs in minority languages of the U. S. S. R. which are so vital in reaching a larger section of the Russian people. The motion-picture program has been cut $447,403. This will reduce the num- ber of documentary motion pictures, foreign-language versions, and distribu- tion prints by one-sixth below the pres- ent level. Motion pictures, of course, are a very effective method, particularly among the masses in some of the countries, who are not particularly receptive to reading ma- terlal because there is a certain amount of illiteracy in those countries. Motion pictures have an important field in this country as compared with the written- material field. The press and publications cut is $994,- 513. This will force a reduction of almost one-third in the present patheti- cally small effort which the Government is now making in the fleld of news and printed materials in the face of a con- tinually expanding flood of Communist literature being issued in nearly every country of the world. These reductions will force curtall- ment of our library and cultural insti-
1950 tutes in other countries. The reduction in the appropriation for libraries is $829,- 480. That program is one as to which I have heard no criticism. Reduction of our library activities will be viewed with great concern by the peoples of other nations, since they know that this is the time that we should be redoubling our efforts to show the beneficial effects of the democratic way of life. The exchange-of-persons program would be cut $536,354. This proposed reduction will curtail our program for the exchange of persons between the United States and other countries. Under Public Law 584, we have now signed agreements with 19 countries, permitting us to use the proceeds of sales of surplus war properties abroad for a program of educational exchange. This is a two-way exchange of grad- uate students, professors, teachers, and research scholars between the United States and the 19 other countries, This reduction in the exchange-of-persons program will limit our activities, not only with respect to exchanges financed completely by United States dollars, but will also reduce the dollars which are necessary to enable full use of foreign funds in bringing foreign students, pro- fessors, research scholars, and teachers to the United States. Under this program, most of the money, in round figures approximately $7,000,000 in the equivalent of foreign currencies annually, is available. I would remind the Senate that those funds did not come from appropriation by the Congress. They are credits aris- ing out of the sale of surplus war mate- rials. I am convinced that tf the money had not been used for this purpose, we would have gotten nothing out of the surplus war materials at all. It would have gone in the same way as it did in the First World War. It is as near to getting something for nothing as I can imagine. But we cannot continue it as & one-way proposition. We cannot send 1,500 students abroad into their graduate institutions and not accept any students in return, It is provided in our own law that the program shall not be operated to the prejudice of our own students, in other words, to give places to foreign students to the exclusion of our own stu- dents. So long as it batances, it does not prejudice anyone, because if for every student we send abroad we take one, no one can say he has been excluded, So long as it is within reasonable balance it can continue. I am confident that over a long period the other countries will not continue to accept any substantial number of our students without making it possible for an equivalent number to come to this country. It would take, I think, approx- imately a million and a half dollars. Last year only 50 percent of the grants offered to foreign students could be ac- cepted because there was no way to ob- tain funds to support them here. Their currencies are not convertible into dol- lars. Even though individuals have pounds or francs, under the regulations now existing, they cannot obtain dollars. Of the 600 students brought here last year, ohly about one-half were supported by funds appropriated by the Govern- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE ment. Fraternities, individual citizens, and institutions put up the remainder of the money. I know, from the experience in my own home town, that three for- eign students were supported during the past year by local citizens. All their dol- lar requirements were met by local citi- zens, and particularly by other students in the University of Arkansas. Aside from the benefits which accrue to the individuals from abroad who come to this country, I think it is a fine way to cultivate interest in our foreign rela- tions among our own students, and to inspire support for an intelligent foreign policy. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- sent to insert in the REecorp at this point a recapitulation of the figures showing what has happened fn connection with the various programs. It shows a total cut of $3,945,000 and where it occurs in the budget. There being no objection, the recapitu- lation was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: 1951 information and educational exchange programs, tentative application of House and Senate cuts House | Senate | Total Radio 2.2.22. -s eee ee eee eee $200, 000} $205, 000) $405, 000 Motion pietures....-.22..- 972, 408} 176,000) 447, 408 Preas and publications..... 784, 833) 210,000) 004, 613 Libraries 2.2 .....-+cnee--| 620, 480) 200,000; 829, 480 Exchange of persons....... 236, 384) 300,000) 536, 354 Bclentific and technical co- operation. 2. .........--} 800,000] 88,000) 385, 000 Administrative support...| 222,250) 125,000} 347, 250 Total....-....-.0..-- 2, 645, 0001/1, 300, 000/3, 945, 000 Net budget Original | (Renate } Obligated, request | Appropri-| fiscal vear (Presi- jotlons Com- 19 dent's mittee (preeent budert) recom- — | programs) mendation) Radio. _....-..-2..- $11, 700, 0321$11, 385, 932)' $10, B25, 464 Motion pletures... | 3, 884, 285) 3, 438, Rx! 8, 84), 134 Press. .- 2.22222 ee 6, 267, 23f| $272,722) 6, O16, 040 Libraries. ...2... 2.) 4,190,842] 8,361,362) 4, 187, 188 Fachangeofpersons } 3, 507,120} 2,970,776) — 3, 440, 030 Scientific and tech- nival cooperstion.| 2, 985,315} 2, 600, 815) 8, 238, 380 1 Exclusive of construction of radio facilities, $9,779,616, Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, we are quibbling over a small amount of money a8 compared with the total ap- propriation provided for in the bill. I want to contrast what private American institutions are doing in the fleld of ad- vertising, which is an activity very closely associated with the program of information with which we are con- cerned, In the last issue of the magazine Ad- vertising Age we find the amounts which certain large manufacturing companies in this country expended for newspaper, magazine, and radio advertising in 1949, General Motors spent $39,184,000 for that purpose. That one company, sell- ing automobiles, spent substantially more than this whole program would cost to carry on a reasonable program of information for the whole world. Procter & Gamble spent $30,305,000. Colgate-Palmolive-Peet spent §$20,- 185,000. General Foods spent $19,727,000. Lever Bros. spent $19,010,000. 10051 The total*amount expended by those five great companies was $128,411,000. Of course, there are many other com- panies doing the same thing, and the total expenditures would probably ex- ceed a billion dollars. We know that our businessmen have very good judgment and ability to ana- lyze what 1s effective in their programs, and I believe the Senate might learn something from what they are doing and how they evaluate this kind of a program when it involves a matter of selling their own products. As I understand, our program is de- signed to try to sell to peoples abroad what we sometimes call western civiliza- tion, or our American democracy. I think we should do it adequately, or we should abandon it. We are following a policy of starving it to death gradually and keeping it so restricted that it is in- effective. It subjects us to criticism for not achieving results, I feel very strongly, Mr. President, particularly with regard to the exchange program, because I followed it very closely. I attended every meeting of the Board of Foreign Scholarships held in Washington during the past 2 years. The fiscal year of 1949 was the first full year during which this program was in operation. As late as yesterday I discussed the subject with Mr. Sargeant, one of the men from the State Depart- ment who has recently returned from a trip of inspection of the progress which is being made in European countries un- der this program. He was most enthu- silastic about it. He was enthusiastic about the benefits resulting not only to the individual Americans who are par- ticipating, but particularly about the impression which those Americans make upon foreigners, and the reaction on the part of the people of Italy, France, England, and other countries, in which these Americans have visited, to their presence in their respective countries. I know it has the possibilities of being one of the most effective programs in promoting our foreign relations and, I would say, in preventing conditions which result in war, if it is given a rea- sonable time to operate. We have had a little experience in this fleld with countries such as Belgium. That program involved approximately only 700 people, about 500 of them Bel- gians. Over a period of years it did not involve as many persons as this pro- gram has taken care of during the first year of its operation. Neverthe- less, great advantages flowed from the program. I should like to pay tribute to Mr. Hoover for having had the vision to participate in setting up that program, which was undertaken immediately following the first world war. The funds involved were surplus funds left over from the relief program which he had administered. Prior to that time the Boxer indemnity funds were used for similar purposes. It was not a mutual exchange. It was not exactly like this program. However, it had some of the same elements in it. I think everyone who is familiar with it knows that it accomplished much good even though it was ona very small scale. None of these programs has been on a sufficiently
10052 large scale really to have had a large impact upon any one country. What they did was to give us a core of people in these countries with whom we could do business, and who were of great as- sistance to us in carrying on our foreign relations with their respective countries. Perhaps an equally good example of what has happened from a similar pro- gram has been the experience of Robert College in Istanbul. I happened to be there 2 years ago, and I found that some of the most influential members of the Turkish Government were graduates of Robert College. They understood our country, they understood our purposes. There was no confusion in the minds of those people as to the issues involved between us and the Communists. I think anyone who has considered the role which Turkey has played in the past 2 years, and has thought about the sub- ject at all, will agree that it is the strong- est bastion of the West in that whole area. None is afraid that Turkey will go Communist tomorrow. Certainly no one is nearly so much afraid of Turkey going Communist as we were that Italy or France might go Communist only a short time ago. Mr. President, when I appeared before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations in support of this pro- gram, some interest was evinced with regard to individual statements or re- actions on the part of participants in the program. I submitted for the record a few of those comments. I do not have them all. I get some of them in the course of a year. Participants write to me from time to time. Of course, most of them go to the State Department and to the Institute of International Educa- tion in New York, which is in much more intimate touch with the program. I desire to read for the Recorp a few excerpts from the letters and articles which I supplied to the subcommitte>. Before doing so, I wish by way of preface to say that the Board of Foreign Scholar- ships, which was appointed 2 years ago to determine the policy for this program, is one of the finest boards I have ever seen. Its members work very hard and are extremely conscientious in their ad- ministration of the act. They do not administer it, but they determine the policy by which it is administered. First, I wish to call attention to an article by Mr. Martin R. P. McGuire, who is a member of the Board. He is a professor at the Catholic University of America. The article was published in the February issue of the Bulletin of the National Catholic Educational As- sociation. The article appears at page 1389 of the hearings. I read from the article as follows: The writer believes that Catholic colleges and universities should consider the Ful- bright program of the highest importance and should try to participate in it as much as possible. It would seem unnecessary to observe that Catholics, as Catholics, should be more interested than others in promoting sound international understanding and cul- tural exchange. Yet it must be admitted that, all in all, American Catholics are not 4s active as they should be in this field. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE At page 1390 of the hearings the fol- lowing appears in Mr. McGuire's article: I would add that it is also one of the most significant and far-reaching in ita possibili- ties. Therefore, I hope that our Catholic colleges and universities will give it the full attention it so rightly deserves, and, above all, that they will participate actively in it in the various ways which I have indicated, I call attention particularly to one let- ter, beginning at page 1390 of the hear- ings, written by Mr. Richard B. Bilder, who at the time he wrote the letter was at Cambridge University, in England. I believe two or three passages in the letter are extremely interesting and state con- cisely what I think is a very important aspect of the program. Mr. Bilder says: The more interesting question to us both, however, is whether the Fulbright program appears to make sense from the point of view of international understanding. I am convinced from my short time in England and on the Continent that the answer is overwhelmingly "Yes." The “ambassadors of good will” idea, which I used to consider rather cynically, has im- pressed me as being really meaningful. There is no better antidote to the European conception of Americans than a normal de- cent American. There is nothing more dam- aging to Russian propaganda about America than a normal American ready and compe- tent to fairly analyze and answer it. I have been amazed at the widespread anti-Ameri- can feeling existing in Europe. In part, I think, it’s irrational, based on the natural antipathy of the charity taker to the giver and on jealousy and frustration. In part, it appears to be the result of some of the grosser actions of American tourists and soldiers who, uncomfortable in their environment and without enough time to “settle in,” have behaved in rather extravagant, high- handed, or immature manners. In part, un- fortunately, it is also the result of the words and actions of some of the people and groups in America—phenomena which assume gross misproportion and misinterpretation over here—but nevertheless have a factual basis. Nonetheless, the feeling exists and represents a danger point to American foreign policy— one which must be neutralized as far as possible, in my opinion. It appears to me that the Fulbright pro- gram is a very effective weapon to do this. Let me walk in a bit further with some of the things I have observed. (1) The Fulbrighters tend to be more rep- resentative Americans than Europe has yet seen. Tourists’ limitations as well as soldiers are too obvious to need comment. The Parisian America is more eccentric, more avantgarde, often of the “Let’s be indignant about America—I'm way ahead of my times” school (this is & monstrous generalization). From what I've seen of my fellows here, on the other hand, they tend to be serious, ma- ture, nice guys with both a sense of their responsibility in representing America to Eu- ropeans and yet no exaggerated sense of 200-percent Americanism which would an- tagonize people here. I skip some. He says: In England (I imagine in contrast to the Continent) the Communist line falls pretty fiat, although the ignorance about things like the American political system is amazing. But what interests me most is that those who accept it are often (a) quite nice peo- ple, potential friends, or at least no ene- mies of the United States and (b) very ar- ticulate. I have found that frank and hon- est discussions on the pros and cons of JULY 138 American life have had no little effect on some of these people's views. * ° e td ° You can explain Marshall aid, how it doesn’t consist of Coca-Cola, how it comes out of Americans’ pockets and is an act of good will rather than imperialism, and how it couldn't possibly be an export surplus method of maintaining full employinent since it began in an inflationary period, And thus on and on. Of course, these reflect my own personal views—the approach I take— but I’ve found the people surprisingly in- telligent and a consequent necessity for admitting certain (what I consider) bad things. The best argument, of course, is that occasional error and misuse is the price that a nation must pay for democracy, and that these things are heard of in the United States whereas not in Russia because of the absence of censorship. In fact, our own papers bring these things to ight. It is also impressive to these people when you point out that the United States thinks enough of the cultures of foreign nations to send students abroad to study, and is sufficiently proud of its own institutions to allow for- eign students to study in the United States in obvious contrast to Russia. These facts tend to make Russophiles, who have never seen a Russian face to face, think. Intelli- gent discussion, not phrase throwing, seems most effective. * e e ° * It’s hard to fight for democracy and diver- sity and the sort of spirit I believe America to represent (and the Europeans, I believe, would support) when at every turn you're frustrated by an (isolated) example of the “truth” of Communist propaganda. On the other hand, a real example—Fulbrighter Porter Williams from Charleston comes to mind—works wonders. It’s one thing for an Englishman to read the Worker and an- other to have quiet, universally respected and liked Porter discuss the question of Ne- groes from personal experience. The people nod, get less indiguant, more sober, go away seelng that the world isn’t a black and white God and devil proposition. Typical com- ment: “Now we understand the problem much more clearly.” Soon they’re even kid- ding him about being a southerner and about the Yankees and also smiling at Worker headlines. It seems to me that, politically, this is enough to make the whole program &@ paying proposition, Mr. President, there are a great many other letters, but I have read all I care to read out of this particular letter. I shall not take the time to read all the others, but there is one in particular which I think is interesting. This is from Mr. Albert L. Wallace, and this happens to have been addressed to me. Ho says: Iam from a small coal-mining district In Pennsylvania, was able to go to college only because of the GI bill and work on the side, and was rapidly coming to the end of my Government time. I wanted very badly to continue my education, in order to fit myself for university teaching, but knew that the next few years were going to be rough unless I could get a scholarship. I applied for one of your sponsored scholarships, expecting to find that they were riddled with politics and red tape, graft, and corruption. I can can- didly say that I have never seen nor heard of an educational grant more capably and im- partially handled, nor destgned to reflect a greater influence on the course of American educational affairs. The influence of the Fulbright scholarship will continue to be felt for many generations yet to come. This {g a plece of legislation of which you can justly be proud, sir.
1950 Ther) are several others. One which I desire to read is by Mr. Robert Trum- ble, who writes special articles for the New York Times. I desire to point out that under the existing legislation, particularly the Smith-Mundt Act, everything that can be done under the point 4 program is already authorized. Of course, I am in & difficult position as to the point 4 pro- gram, because this program is held down so severely that in order to accomplish anything in this field I assume we must have an additional program. My criticism has been that if we desire to make this program effective it would have resulted in a much more efficient administration and procedure if the amount of this appropriation had been increased, rather than to come in with ® proposal for $45,000,000 for point 4, and I understand there may be an addi- tional appropriation for Information later. As I said before, there is all the authorization needed to carry on the program of technical assistance in the Smith-Mundt Act. I noticed yesterday, in a discussion with a Member of the Senate, he did not seem to be aware of the extent of the authority that is contained in the Smith- Mundt Act. But here is an interesting little comment, under the date line of Rangoon, Burma, March 3, from Mr. Robert Trumble, to whom I just referred. He was talking about some of the peo- ple we had sent there. They had re- quested technical people, just as we an- ticipate under point 4. He says: They fill some of the vacuum left by the departure of British technicians in the break with alien rule. Practical projects range from teaching of modern agricultural methods to a physical- education program. In the realm of pure science United States researchers are col- Jecting data under various headings, such as rural village life, the endocrine cycle of the tropical lizard, and the emergence of Bur- mese law upon the removal of alien courts, All of these are modest projects, but those in the practical fleld mean a great deal to Burma, for they are opening avenues of de- velopment that had hardly been touched before and that are greatly needed. Burma, on her part, has sent 70 scholars to the United States for various types of training, and there {s a continual clamor for more of what Americans can offer toward the improvement of the country, There are 150 applications on file for 10 United States scholarships now available. Marshall Noble, United States Embassy Officer, handling the Fulbright program here, commented that the working of the act was peculiar in Burma in that the major benefit is to this country, whereas elsewhere it was the Americans who were gaining the most from their studious activities. Otto K. Hunerwardel, of Gatnesville, Fla., e retired United States agricultural exten- sion agent, and his wife are up north in the Shan States teaching the tribespeople for the first time that food can be preserved in cans, how to knot and splice rope, how to stretch a wire fence, and other elementary farm techniques. Mr. Hunerwardel now has the natives eating sauerkraut made from surplus cabbage that they used to throw away. He recently demonstrated caponizing for the first time in Burma and has intro- duced the avocado tree. Those are very simple facts, but as I understand the point 4 program, that is CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE the main objective. It {s incredible that 80 Many persons do not know these facts, but it is true that they do not. Carrying on this kind of work involves very little cost to us, but is of tremendous impor- tance to the areas which may be affected. I believe we should engage in a program of this kind, which is of real and sub- stantial assistance to other peoples who need to have knowledge given to them rather than to engage in a tremendous program along other lines which would exhaust our own resources. I believe it to be the very thing we speak of as the essence of the point 4 program. Mr. President, I do not want to be misunderstood as trying to criticize the point 4 program. I say only that I think it would have been better judgment on the part of the Appropriations Commit- tee to have considered the whole picture and tried to provide for one effective program rather than to spread it out along different avenues. As I understand, point 4 will entail a new coordinator, and a new organization, whereas, in my opinion, there now ex- ists a very efficient organization in the State Department. It had some diffi- culties in the beginning with respect to the Voice of America. That was a new undertaking. I think we can all understand why there were difficulties in connection with it. But I have heard very little criticism of it in the past few years. The trouble is that the sum which we appropriate for it is entirely too small. It should be much greater. I think the minimum for this program should be $50,000,000 this year. What should not be lost sight of is that this is not a mere “business as usual” program. I think it is of extreme importance in the very grave fight for survival between western civilization and communism. Of course, an efficient army is fundamental, but the next most important activity I can think of is this program. In thumbing through the appropria- tion bill, I found one item with which I happen to be familiar. The item deals with the RFC. Those who advo- cated it had no difficulty in having the appropriation increased in the commit- tee by $700,000 on the basis that there were more mortgages to be handled in the coming year than were handled dur- ing the past year. Since that time, how- ever, we have transferred the National Federal Mortgage Association to the Housing and Home Finance Agency. That increase was obtained apparently without much difficulty, I asked the committee to earmark not less than $1,500,000—not an additional $1,500,000, because $680,000 was already appropriated, and therefore the amount would be less than $1,000,000—to carry on the program for the exchange of stu- dents. The words “exchange of stu- dents” I think perhaps are a cause of some misunderstanding of the real sig- nificance of the program. These stu- dents come from every State. It is true, of course, that the great State of New York has representation far out of pro- portion to its size, but that is because of the great concentration of educational 10053 institutions in that State. Nevertheless, every State participates in the program. That is because it is extremely impor- tant that there be persons in every com- munity of this country who shall have some knowledge of the rest of the world, and who can, when they return, be the source of originating ideas, present ex- planations of wat is going on, and ex- plain our policy, can help in developing a real backing for the policies which our Government undertakes, and, of course, help in the formulation of such policies to the extent that they participate in public affairs. I shall speak of another very impor- tant thing. Recently there has been much criticism of the State Department, as there has been throughout our his- tory. The Department is not very in- timately connected with the processes of becoming clected to office. We all neglect it, and among our youth there fs a very limited source of humane material for the State Department, I visited some of the American Embas- sies abroad, and I found most excellent men representing us. I am not offering this as a criticism, but as an explanation. I do not think we can expect otherwise, but in many cases the excellent men in our embassies could not speak the lan- guage of the country to which they had been sent. Few had had any previous experience abroad. But think how much more effective we would be if a large group of our citizens of the highest tal- ents could recelve some experience abroad, come back, as I think some of them would, with a desire to assist their country and Government in its foreign relations, and volunteer service in posi- tions of influence where they could help the United States develop some system that might preserve peace in the world. I can think of nothing, as I said, aside from an extremely able and strong army, that would contribute more to the preservation of peace. Indeed, I think it would contribute much more than an army would to the preservation of peace, and also, if we must have war, it would be extremely valuable in the prosecution of war. Wars are no longer provincial quarrels. Men who know and under- stand the peoples of the world are in- valuable in the prosecution of modern global warfare. Senators will recall what difficulty we had in the last war in rounding up per- sons who knew something about Japan. I remember that a search was made all over the country for anyone who had pictures of placesin Japan. In my State of Arkansas, where it was not likely that there would be many persons who had such pictures, inquiries were made for maps or pictures of Japan and China and ali the Pacific area. That would indi- cate that there were extremely few per- sons in this great country who had any knowledge at all of that area, and the same can be said of persons having knowledge of the rest of the world. Americans sre notoriously bad lin- guists. That is not because of the fact that they are not intelligent and are not capable of learning other languages, but because there has not been much