I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2633 
To require a full review of the bilateral relationship between the United 
States and South Africa and identify South African government officials 
and ANC leaders eligible for the imposition of sanctions, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 3, 2025 
Mr. JACKSON of Texas (for himself and Mr. JAMES) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in ad-
dition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provi-
sions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To require a full review of the bilateral relationship between 
the United States and South Africa and identify South 
African government officials and ANC leaders eligible 
for the imposition of sanctions, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘U.S.-South Africa Bi-
lateral Relations Review Act of 2025’’. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The actions of factions within the African 
National Congress (ANC), the political party that 
since 1994 has held a governing majority and con-
trolled South Africa’s executive branch, are incon-
sistent with the South African Government’s publicly 
stated policy of nonalignment in international af-
fairs. 
(2) The South African Government has a his-
tory of siding with malign actors, including Hamas, 
a United States designated Foreign Terrorist Orga-
nization and a proxy of the Iranian regime, and con-
tinues to pursue closer ties with the People’s Repub-
lic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation. 
(3) The South African Government’s support of 
Hamas dates back to 1994, when the ANC first 
came into power, taking a hardline stance of consist-
ently accusing Israel of practicing apartheid. 
(4) Following the unprovoked and unprece-
dented horrendous attack by Hamas on Israel on 
October 7, 2023, where Hamas terrorists killed and 
kidnapped hundreds of Israelis, members of the 
South African Government and leaders of the ANC 
have delivered a variety of antisemitic and anti- 
Israel-related statements and actions, including— 
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(A) on October 7, 2023, South Africa’s 
Foreign Ministry released a statement express-
ing concern of ‘‘escalating violence’’, urging 
Israel’s restraint in response, and implicitly 
blaming Israel for provoking the attack through 
‘‘continued illegal occupation of Palestine land, 
continued settlement expansion, desecration of 
the Al Aqsa Mosque and Christian holy sites, 
and ongoing oppression of the Palestinian peo-
ple’’; 
(B) on October 8, 2023, the ANC’s na-
tional spokesperson, Mahlengi Bhengu-Motsiri, 
said of the devastating Hamas attack, ‘‘the de-
cision by Palestinians to respond to the bru-
tality of the settler Israeli apartheid regime is 
unsurprising’’; 
(C) on October 14, 2023, President Cyril 
Ramaphosa of South Africa, accused Israel of 
‘‘genocide’’ in statements during a pro-Pales-
tinian rally; 
(D) on October 17, 2023, South African 
Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor accepted a call 
with Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh; 
(E) on October 22, 2023, South African 
Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor visited Tehran 
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and met with President Raisi of the Islamic Re-
public of Iran, which is actively funding Hamas; 
(F) on November 7, 2023, in a parliamen-
tary address, Foreign Minister Pandor called 
for the International Criminal Court to issue an 
immediate arrest warrant charging Israeli 
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu with vio-
lations of international criminal law; 
(G) on November 17, 2023, South Africa, 
along with 4 other countries, submitted a joint 
request to the International Criminal Court for 
an investigation into alleged war crimes being 
committed in the Palestinian territories; 
(H) on December 5, 2023, the ANC hosted 
3 members of Hamas in Pretoria, including 
Khaled Qaddoumi, Hamas’s representative to 
Iran, and Bassem Naim, a member of Hamas’s 
political bureau in Gaza; 
(I) on December 29, 2023, South Africa 
filed a politically motivated suit in the Inter-
national Court of Justice wrongfully accusing 
Israel of committing genocide; 
(J) in March 2024, South African Foreign 
Minister Pandor was quoted saying South Afri-
ca will arrest Israeli-South Africans who are 
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fighting in the Israeli Defense Forces upon 
their return home and could strip them of their 
South African citizenship. Minister Pandor also 
implicitly encouraged protests outside of the 
United States Embassy; 
(K) on October 7, 2024, the ANC com-
memorated only the Palestinian lives lost to 
Israel, while accusing Israel of genocide; 
(L) in October 2024, South Africa filed its 
Memorial to the International Court of Justice, 
accusing Israel of genocidal actions to depopu-
late Gaza through mass death and displace-
ment; 
(M) in November 2024, South Africa ap-
pointed Ebrahim Rasool as their Ambassador to 
the United States, who previously hosted senior 
Hamas officials to South Africa when he was 
the Premier of the Western Cape and, in 2020, 
was a speaker at an annual event hosted by the 
Iranian regime to celebrate Hezbollah’s resist-
ance against Israel; and 
(N) the ANC’s ongoing attempt to rename 
the street that the United States Consulate in 
Johannesburg is located on as ‘‘Leila Khaled 
Drive’’, including a quote from ANC first Dep-
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uty Secretary General Nomvula Mokonyane 
saying ‘‘we want the United States of America 
embassy to change their letterhead to Number 
1 Leila Khaled Drive’’. 
(5) The South African Government and the 
ANC have maintained close relations with the Rus-
sian Federation, which has been accused of perpe-
trating war crimes in Ukraine and indiscriminately 
undermines human rights. South Africa’s robust re-
lationship with Russia spans the military and polit-
ical space, including— 
(A) allowing a United States-sanctioned 
Russian cargo ship, the Lady R, to dock and 
transfer arms at a South African naval base in 
December 2022; 
(B) hosting offshore naval exercises, enti-
tled ‘‘Operation Mosi II’’, carried out jointly 
with the PRC and Russia, between February 17 
and 27, 2023, corresponding with the 1-year 
anniversary 
of 
Russia’s 
unjustified 
and 
unprovoked invasion of Ukraine; 
(C) authorizing a United States-sanctioned 
Russian military cargo airplane to land at a 
South African Air Force Base; 
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(D) reneging on its initial call for the Rus-
sian Federation to immediately withdraw its 
forces from Ukraine and actively seeking im-
proved relations with Moscow since February 
2022; 
(E) dispatching multiple high-level official 
delegations to Russia to further political, intel-
ligence, and military cooperation; 
(F) United States sanctioned oligarch 
Viktor Vekselberg donating $826,000 to the 
ANC in 2022; and 
(G) the ANC publishing an article in their 
newspaper, ANC Today, in October 2024 pro-
moting Russian propaganda about the war in 
Ukraine. 
(6) South African Government interactions with 
the PRC Government and ANC interactions with the 
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who are commit-
ting gross violations of human rights in the Xinjiang 
province and implement economically coercive tactics 
around the globe, undermine South Africa’s demo-
cratic constitutional system of governance, as exem-
plified in— 
(A) ongoing ANC and CCP inter-party co-
operation, especially with the fundamental in-
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compatibility between the civil and democratic 
rights guaranteed in South Africa’s Constitu-
tion and the CCP’s routine suppression of free 
expression and individual rights; 
(B) allowing the private Test Flying Acad-
emy of South Africa, which the Department of 
Commerce added to the Entity List on June 
12, 2023, to recruit former United States and 
NATO fighter pilots to train Chinese People’s 
Liberation Army pilots; 
(C) South Africa’s hosting of 6 PRC Gov-
ernment-backed and CCP-linked Confucius In-
stitutes, a type of entity that a CCP official 
characterized as an ‘‘important part of the 
CCP’s external propaganda structure’’, the 
most of any country in Africa; 
(D) South African Government support 
for, and ANC participation in, a political train-
ing school opened in Tanzania funded by the 
Chinese Communist Party where it trains polit-
ical members of the ruling liberation movements 
in 6 Southern African countries. The school in-
stills CCP ideology into the next-generation of 
African leaders and attempts to export the 
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CCP’s system of party-run authoritarian gov-
ernance to the African continent; 
(E) cooperation with the PRC under the 
PRC’s global Belt and Road Initiative which, 
while trade and infrastructure-focused, is de-
signed to expand PRC global economic, polit-
ical, and security sector-related influence; 
(F) the widespread presence in South Afri-
ca’s media and technology sectors of PRC state 
linked firms that the United States has re-
stricted due to threats to national security, in-
cluding 
Huawei 
Technologies, 
ZTE 
and 
Hikvision, which place South African sov-
ereignty at risk and facilitate the CCP’s export 
of its model of digitally aided authoritarian gov-
ernance underpinned by cyber controls, social 
monitoring, propaganda, and surveillance; and 
(G) the South African government’s clear 
appeasement to the CCP in demanding that 
Taiwan relocate its representative office out of 
Pretoria and downgrade its status to that of a 
trade office. 
(7) The ANC-led South African Government 
has a history of substantially mismanaging a range 
of state resources and has often proven incapable of 
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