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development or production of any nuclear 
equipment or technology. 
(4) UNITED STATES FOREIGN ASSISTANCE.— 
The term ‘‘United States foreign assistance’’ means 
assistance under the foreign operations, export fi-
nancing, and related programs appropriations Act 
for a fiscal year, and assistance under the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961. 
Subtitle A—Sanctions for Transfers 
of Nuclear Enrichment, Reproc-
essing, 
and 
Weapons 
Tech-
nology, Equipment, and Mate-
rials Involving Foreign Persons 
and Terrorists 
SEC. 1311. AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE SANCTIONS ON FOREIGN 
PERSONS. 
(a) DETERMINATION OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES BY 
FOREIGN PERSONS.— 
(1) 
DETERMINATION.—Notwithstanding 
any 
other provision of law, the President shall impose 
the sanctions described in subsection (b) whenever 
the President determines that a foreign person, on 
or after the date of the enactment of this Act, par-
ticipated in the export, transfer or trade of— 
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(A) nuclear enrichment or reprocessing 
equipment, materials, or technology to any non- 
nuclear-weapon state (as defined in section 
102(c) of the Arms Export Control Act) that— 
(i) does not possess functioning nu-
clear enrichment or reprocessing plants as 
of January 1, 2004; and 
(ii)(I) does not have in force an addi-
tional protocol with the International 
Atomic Energy Agency for the application 
of safeguards (as derived from IAEA docu-
ment INFCIRC/540 and related correc-
tions and additions); or 
(II) is developing, manufacturing, or 
acquiring a nuclear explosive device; or 
(B) any nuclear explosive device, or design 
information or component, equipment, mate-
rials, or other items or technology that— 
(i) is designated for national export 
controls under the Nuclear Supplier Group 
Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Mate-
rial, Equipment and Technology (published 
by the International Atomic Energy Agen-
cy as IAEA document INFCIRC/254/Rev. 
6/Part 1 and subsequent revisions) and the 
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Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Re-
lated 
Dual-Use 
Equipment, 
Materials, 
Software and Related Technology (pub-
lished as IAEA document INFCIRC/254/ 
Rev. 5/ Part 2 and subsequent revisions); 
and 
(ii) contributes to the development, 
manufacture, or acquisition of a nuclear 
explosive device by— 
(I) a non-nuclear weapon state; 
or 
(II) a foreign person. 
(2) DEFINITION.—For purposes of paragraph 
(1), the term ‘‘participated’’ means sold, transferred, 
brokered, financed, assisted, delivered, or otherwise 
provided or received, and includes any conspiracy or 
attempt to engage in any of such activities, as well 
as facilitating such activities by any other person. 
(b) SANCTIONS.—The sanctions referred to in sub-
section (a) that are to be imposed on a foreign person are 
the following: 
(1) No assistance may be provided to the for-
eign person under the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961, and the foreign person may not participate in 
any assistance program of the United States Gov-
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ernment. Any such assistance being provided to the 
foreign person, and any participation in such assist-
ance program by the foreign person, on the date on 
which the sanction under this paragraph is imposed 
shall be terminated as of such date. 
(2) The United States Government may not ex-
port to the foreign person, or grant a license or 
other approval to export to or import from the for-
eign person of, any defense articles, defense services, 
or design or construction services under the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 or the Arms Export Control 
Act. Any contract to export such articles or services, 
or license or approval to export or import, under ei-
ther such Act, that is in effect on the date on which 
the sanction under this paragraph is imposed shall 
be terminated as of such date. 
(3) Licenses or any other approval may not be 
issued for the export to the foreign person of any 
goods or technology subject to the jurisdiction of the 
Export Administration Regulations under chapter 
VII of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (or suc-
cessor regulations), other than food and other agri-
cultural commodities, medicines and medical equip-
ment. Any such license or approval that is in effect 
on the on the date on which the sanction under this 
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paragraph is imposed, shall be terminated as of such 
date. 
(4) No department or agency of the United 
States Government may procure, or enter into any 
contract for the procurement of, any goods or serv-
ices from the foreign person. The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall prohibit the importation into the 
United States of goods, technology, or services pro-
duced or provided by the foreign person, other than 
information or informational materials within the 
meaning of section 203(b)(3) of the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1702(b)(3)). 
(c) PERIOD SANCTIONS IN EFFECT.—The sanctions 
referred to in subsection (b) should be imposed for not 
less than two years, but may be imposed for longer peri-
ods. The President may suspend after one year any sanc-
tion imposed pursuant to this section 15 days after sub-
mitting to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port explaining— 
(1) the reasons for suspending the sanction; 
(2) how the purposes of this title and United 
States national security are furthered by such sus-
pension; and 
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(3) what measures the United States will take 
or is taking to ensure that the foreign person will 
not engage in similar activities in the future. 
(d) WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The President may waive 
the imposition of any sanction under subsection (b) if the 
President certifies to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that the waiver— 
(1) is important to the national security inter-
ests of the United States; and 
(2) would further the purposes of this title. 
SEC. 1312. PRESIDENTIAL NOTIFICATION ON ACTIVITIES 
OF FOREIGN PERSONS. 
(a) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, and not later 
than January 31 of each year thereafter, the President 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report detailing any activity by any foreign person de-
scribed in section 1311. This report shall also include a 
description of any sanctions that have been imposed and 
their duration. 
(b) PUBLICATION.—When the President imposes 
sanctions under section 1311, the President shall, to the 
maximum extent possible in unclassified form, publish in 
the Federal Register, not later than 15 days after report-
ing such sanctions to the appropriate congressional com-
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mittees under subsection (a), the identity of each sanc-
tioned foreign person, the period for which sanctions will 
be in effect, and the reasons for the sanctions. 
Subtitle 
B—Further 
Actions 
Against Corporations Associated 
With Sanctioned Foreign Per-
sons 
SEC. 1321. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds the following: 
(1) Foreign persons and corporations engaging 
in nuclear black-market activities are motivated by 
reasons of commercial gain and profit. 
(2) Sanctions targeted solely against the busi-
ness interests of the sanctioned person or business 
concern may be unsuccessful in halting these pro-
liferation activities, as the sanctions may be seen 
merely as the cost of doing business, especially if the 
business interests of the parent or subsidiary cor-
porate entities are unaffected by the sanctions. 
(3) Such narrow targeting of sanctions creates 
the incentive to create shell and ‘‘carve-out’’ cor-
porate entities to perform the proliferation activities 
and attract sanctions, leaving all other aspects of the 
larger corporation unaffected. 
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(4) To dissuade corporations from allowing 
their associated commercial entities or persons from 
engaging in proliferation black-market activities, 
they must also be made to suffer financial loss and 
commercial disadvantage, and parent and subsidiary 
commercial enterprises must be held responsible for 
the proliferation activities of their associated enti-
ties. 
(5) If a corporation perceives that the United 
States Government will do everything possible to 
make its commercial activity difficult around the 
world, then that corporation has a powerful commer-
cial incentive to prevent any further proliferation ac-
tivity by its associated entities. 
(6) Therefore, the United States Government 
should seek to increase the risk of commercial loss 
for associated corporate entities for the proliferation 
actions of their subsidiaries. 
SEC. 1322. CAMPAIGN BY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT 
OFFICIALS. 
The President shall instruct all agencies of the 
United States Government to make every effort in their 
interactions with foreign government and business officials 
to persuade foreign governments and relevant corporations 
not to engage in any business transaction with a foreign 
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person sanctioned under section 1311, including any enti-
ty that is a parent or subsidiary of the sanctioned foreign 
person, for the duration of the sanctions. 
SEC. 1323. COORDINATION. 
The Secretary of State shall coordinate the actions 
of the United States Government under section 1322. 
SEC. 1324. REPORT. 
Not later than one year after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
of State shall report to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees on the actions taken by the United States to carry 
out section 1322. 
Subtitle C—Rollback of Nuclear 
Proliferation Networks 
SEC. 1331. NONPROLIFERATION AS A CONDITION OF 
UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE. 
United States foreign assistance should only be pro-
vided to countries that— 
(1) are not cooperating with any non-nuclear- 
weapon state or any foreign group or individual who 
may be engaged in, planning, or assisting any inter-
national terrorist group in the development of a nu-
clear explosive device or its means of delivery and 
are taking all necessary measures to prevent their 
nationals and other persons and entities subject to 
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their jurisdiction from participating in such coopera-
tion; and 
(2) are fully and completely cooperating with 
the United States in its efforts to eliminate nuclear 
black-market networks or activities. 
SEC. 1332. REPORT ON IDENTIFICATION OF NUCLEAR PRO-
LIFERATION NETWORK HOST COUNTRIES. 
(a) REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act and annually 
thereafter, the President shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees that— 
(A) identifies any country in which manu-
facturing, brokering, shipment, transshipment, 
or other activity occurred in connection with the 
transactions of the nuclear proliferation net-
work that supplied Libya, Iran, North Korea, 
and possibly other countries or entities; and 
(B) identifies any country in which manu-
facturing, brokering, shipment, transshipment, 
or other activity occurred for the purpose of 
supplying nuclear technology, equipment, or 
material to another country or foreign person 
that could, in the President’s judgment, con-
tribute to the development, manufacture, or ac-
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quisition, of a nuclear explosive device by a 
country or foreign person of concern to the 
United States 
(2) ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION.—The report 
under paragraph (1) shall also include a description 
of the extent to which each country described in the 
report is, in the opinion of the President, fully co-
operating with the United States in its efforts to 
eliminate the nuclear proliferation network described 
in paragraph (1)(A) or stopping the activities de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(B). The President shall 
base the determination regarding a country’s co-
operation with the United States in part on the de-
gree to which the country has satisfied United 
States requests for assistance and information, in-
cluding whether the United States has asked and 
been granted direct investigatory access to key per-
sons involved in the nuclear proliferation network 
described in paragraph (1)(A) or the activities de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(B). 
(b) CLASSIFICATION.—Reports under this section 
shall be unclassified to the maximum extent possible. 
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SEC. 1333. SUSPENSION OF ARMS SALES LICENSES AND DE-
LIVERIES 
TO 
NUCLEAR 
PROLIFERATION 
HOST COUNTRIES. 
(a) SUSPENSION.—Upon submission of the report 
and any additional information under section 1332 to the 
appropriate congressional committees, the President shall 
suspend all licenses issued under the Arms Export Control 
Act, and shall prohibit any licenses to be issued under that 
Act, for exports to, or imports from, any country described 
in the report, unless the President certifies to the appro-
priate congressional committees that such country— 
(1)(A) has fully investigated or is fully inves-
tigating the activities of any person or entity within 
its territory that has participated in the nuclear pro-
liferation network described in section 1332(a)(1)(A) 
or the activities described in section 1332(a)(1)(B); 
and 
(B) has taken or is taking effective steps to 
permanently halt similar illicit nuclear proliferation 
activities; 
(2) has been or is fully cooperating with the 
United States and other appropriate international 
organizations in investigating and eliminating the 
nuclear proliferation network, any successor net-
works operating within its territory, or other illicit 
nuclear proliferation activities; and 
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(3) has enacted or is enacting new laws, pro-
mulgated decrees or regulations, or established prac-
tices designed to prevent future such activities from 
occurring within its territory. 
(b) WAIVER.—The President may waive the require-
ments of subsection (a) in a fiscal year if— 
(1) the President has certified to the appro-
priate congressional committees that the waiver is 
important to the national security of the United 
States; and 
(2) at least 5 days have elapsed since making 
the certification under paragraph (1). 
TITLE 
XIV—9/11 
COMMISSION 
INTERNATIONAL IMPLEMEN-
TATION 
SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘9/11 Commission 
International Implementation Act of 2007’’. 
Subtitle 
A—Quality 
Educational 
Opportunities in Arab and Pre-
dominantly Muslim Countries. 
SEC. 1411. FINDINGS; POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
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(1) The report of the National Commission on 
Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States stated 
that ‘‘[e]ducation that teaches tolerance, the dignity 
and value of each individual, and respect for dif-
ferent beliefs is a key element in any global strategy 
to eliminate Islamic terrorism’’. 
(2) The report of the National Commission on 
Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States concluded 
that ensuring educational opportunity is essential to 
the efforts of the United States to defeat global ter-
rorism and recommended that the United States 
Government ‘‘should offer to join with other nations 
in generously supporting [spending funds] ... directly 
on building and operating primary and secondary 
schools in those Muslim states that commit to sen-
sibly investing financial resources in public edu-
cation’’. 
(3) While Congress endorsed such a program in 
the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention 
Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458), such a program 
has not been established. 
(b) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to work toward the goal of dramatically in-
creasing the availability of modern basic education 
through public schools in Arab and predominantly 
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Muslim countries, which will reduce the influence of 
radical madrassas and other institutions that pro-
mote religious extremism; 
(2) to join with other countries in generously 
supporting the International Arab and Muslim 
Youth Opportunity Fund authorized under section 
7114 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Pre-
vention Act of 2004, as amended by section 1412 of 
this Act, with the goal of building and operating 
public primary and secondary schools in Arab and 
predominantly Muslim countries that commit to sen-
sibly investing the resources of such countries in 
modern public education; 
(3) to offer additional incentives to increase the 
availability of modern basic education in Arab and 
predominantly Muslim countries; and 
(4) to work to prevent financing of educational 
institutions that support radical Islamic fundamen-
talism. 
SEC. 1412. INTERNATIONAL ARAB AND MUSLIM YOUTH OP-
PORTUNITY FUND. 
Section 7114 of the Intelligence Reform and Ter-
rorism Prevention Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 2228) is 
amended to read as follows: 
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‘‘SEC. 7114. INTERNATIONAL ARAB AND MUSLIM YOUTH OP-
PORTUNITY FUND. 
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
‘‘(1) The United Nation’s 2003 Arab Human 
Development Report states that the quantitative ex-
pansion of Arab education remains incomplete. The 
report asserts that high rates of illiteracy, especially 
among women, persist. Children continue to be de-
nied their basic right to elementary education. High-
er education is characterized by decreasing enroll-
ment rates compared to developed countries, and 
public expenditures on education has declined since 
1985. 
‘‘(2) The UN report cities the decline in quality 
as the most significant challenge in the educational 
arena in Arab countries. 
‘‘(3) Researchers argue that curricula taught in 
Arab countries seem to encourage submission, obedi-
ence, subordination, and compliance, rather than 
free critical thinking. 
‘‘(4) Despite major efforts to improve pre- 
school education in some Arab countries, the quality 
of education provided in kindergartens in the region 
does not fulfill the requirements for advancing and 
developing children’s capabilities in order to help so-
cialize a creative and innovative generation. 
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‘‘(5) Many factors in Arab countries adversely 
affect teachers’ capabilities, such as low salaries 
(which force educators in to take on other jobs that 
consume their energy and decrease the time they can 
devote to caring for their students), lack of facilities, 
poorly designed curricula, indifferent quality of 
teacher training, and overcrowded classes. 
‘‘(6) Educational attainments in Arab and non- 
Arab Muslim countries—from literacy rates to math-
ematical and science achievements—are well below 
global standards. 
‘‘(7) It is estimated that there are 65,000,000 
illiterate adult Arabs, and two-thirds of them are 
women. 
‘‘(8) Educational enrollment for Arab countries 
rose from 31,000,000 children in 1980 to approxi-
mately 56,000,000 children in 1995. Yet despite this 
increase, 10,000,000 children between the ages of 6 
and 15 are currently not in school. 
‘‘(9) In the Middle East, roughly 10,000,000 
children still do not go to school. 
‘‘(10) Even though women’s access to education 
has tripled in Arab countries since 1970, gender dis-
parities still persist. Illiteracy in Arab countries af-
fects women disproportionately. Women make up 
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