‘‘(i) the number of individuals reg-
istered to vote in elections for Federal of-
fice in the State, based on the most re-
cently available information on voter reg-
istration in the State, as provided to the 
Commission by the State; and 
‘‘(ii) the per capita amount estab-
lished by the Commission under subpara-
graph (B). 
‘‘(B) PER CAPITA AMOUNT.—For purposes 
of this paragraph, the Commission shall estab-
lish a separate, appropriate per capita payment 
amount for each State that may be no less than 
$4 and no more than $8, taking into account 
any reasonable demonstrated or estimated costs 
associated with the use of ranked choice voting, 
including costs related to voting equipment up-
dates; election setup licensing costs; program-
ming; ballot design and printing; training; proc-
essing, canvassing, centralization, and tabula-
tion; preliminary and final results reporting and 
displaying; post-election audits and recounts; 
and voter information, education, and engage-
ment. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(b) USE OF FUNDS.—A State shall use the payment 
made under subsection (a) to implement ranked choice 
voting under this subtitle, including educating voters 
about ranked choice voting, and to otherwise carry out 
elections for Federal office in the State. 
‘‘(c) NO EFFECT ON REQUIREMENTS PAYMENTS.— 
The receipt or use of the payment made under this section 
shall not affect a State’s eligibility for or use of a require-
ments payment made under part 1 of subtitle D of title 
II. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary for payments under this section. 
‘‘PART 3—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘SEC. 341. TREATMENT OF STATES NOT HOLDING PRIMARY 
ELECTIONS PRIOR TO DATE OF GENERAL 
ELECTION. 
‘‘Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed to require 
a State to hold a primary election for the office of Senator 
or Representative in Congress prior to the date established 
under section 25 of the Revised Statutes of the United 
States (2 U.S.C. 7) for the regularly scheduled general 
election for such office, so long as the determination of 
the candidates who are elected to such office is based sole-
ly on the votes cast with respect to the election held on 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
such date, as determined in accordance with the system 
of ranked choice voting under this title. 
‘‘SEC. 342. APPLICATION TO DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND 
TERRITORIES. 
‘‘(a) ELECTION OF DELEGATES AND RESIDENT COM-
MISSIONER.—In this subtitle, the term ‘Representative’ in-
cludes a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Con-
gress. 
‘‘(b) APPLICATION
TO NORTHERN MARIANA IS-
LANDS.—This subtitle shall apply with respect to the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in the 
same manner as this subtitle applies to a State.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended by adding at the end of the item 
relating to title III the following: 
‘‘Subtitle C—Ranked Choice Voting 
‘‘PART 1—REQUIRING RANKED CHOICE VOTING FOR ELECTION OF 
SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES 
‘‘Sec. 321. Requiring ranked choice voting for election of Senators and 
Representatives. 
‘‘Sec. 322. Tabulation of ballots. 
‘‘Sec. 323. Treatment of ties between candidates. 
‘‘Sec. 324. Definitions. 
‘‘PART 2—PAYMENTS TO STATES TO IMPLEMENT RANKED CHOICE VOTING 
‘‘Sec. 331. Payments to States to implement ranked choice voting. 
‘‘PART 3—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘Sec. 341. Treatment of States not holding primary elections prior to date 
of general election. 
‘‘Sec. 342. Application to District of Columbia and territories. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6211
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 102. APPLICABILITY OF ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS 
OF HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT OF 2002. 
Section 401 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21111) is amended by striking ‘‘sections 301, 
302, and 303’’ and inserting ‘‘title III’’. 
SEC. 103. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This title and the amendments made by this title 
shall apply with respect to— 
(1) elections for the office of Senator which are 
held during 2026 or any succeeding year; and 
(2) elections for the office of Representative 
which are held pursuant to the reapportionment of 
Representatives resulting from the regular decennial 
census conducted during 2030 and all subsequent 
elections. 
TITLE II—MULTI-MEMBER 
DISTRICTS 
SEC. 201. REQUIRING USE OF MULTI-MEMBER DISTRICTS 
IN CERTAIN STATES. 
(a) RULES FOR STATES WITH SIX OR MORE REP-
RESENTATIVES.—Except as provided in section 202(b), if 
a State is entitled to six or more Representatives in Con-
gress under an apportionment made under section 22(a) 
of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth 
and subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for an 
apportionment of Representatives in Congress’’, approved 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), the State shall establish 
a number of districts for the election of Representatives 
in the State that is less than the number of Representa-
tives to which the State is entitled, and Representatives 
shall be elected only from districts so established. 
(b) CRITERIA FOR NUMBER OF DISTRICTS.—In es-
tablishing the number of districts for the State under sub-
section (a), the State shall follow the following criteria: 
(1) The State shall ensure that districts shall 
each have equal population per Representative as 
nearly as practicable, in accordance with the Con-
stitution of the United States. 
(2) The number of Representatives to be elected 
from any district may not be fewer than three or 
greater than five. 
SEC. 202. ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE IN 
CERTAIN STATES. 
(a) MANDATORY ELECTIONS AT LARGE.—If a State 
is entitled to five or fewer Representatives in Congress 
under an apportionment made under section 22(a) of the 
Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth and sub-
sequent decennial censuses and to provide for an appor-
tionment of Representatives in Congress’’, approved June 
18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), the State shall elect all such 
Representatives at large. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(b) OPTIONAL ELECTIONS AT LARGE.—If a State is 
entitled to six or seven Representatives in Congress under 
an apportionment made under section 22(a) of the Act 
entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth and subse-
quent decennial censuses and to provide for an apportion-
ment of Representatives in Congress’’, approved June 18, 
1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)), the State may, at its option, elect 
all such Representatives at large. 
SEC. 203. ESTABLISHING MINIMUM NUMBER OF CAN-
DIDATES IN GENERAL ELECTION. 
(a) STATES WITH PARTISAN NOMINATING PRI-
MARIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—If, in a primary election for 
the office of Representative, the candidates that ad-
vance to the general election do so by winning the 
nomination of a political party (without regard to 
whether or not the election is open or closed to vot-
ers on the basis of political party preference), the 
State shall ensure that the number of candidates to 
be nominated by each political party is equal to the 
lesser of— 
(A) the number of Representatives who 
will be elected from the district involved; or 
(B) the number of candidates in the pri-
mary election. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(2) AUTHORITY OF POLITICAL PARTIES TO DE-
TERMINE NUMBER OF CANDIDATES ADVANCING IN 
MULTI-SEAT
ELECTIONS.—Notwithstanding para-
graph (1), in the case of a primary election de-
scribed in such paragraph which is a multi-seat pri-
mary election, a State may permit a political party 
to adopt a rule that provides for such number of 
nominees of that political party to advance to the 
general election as the party considers appropriate. 
(3) 
MULTI-SEAT
PRIMARY
ELECTION
DE-
FINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘multi-seat 
primary election’’ means a primary election held to 
select the candidates for a general election in which 
more than one Representative shall be elected. 
(b) STATES WITH NONPARTISAN BLANKET PRI-
MARIES.— 
(1) NUMBER OF CANDIDATES.—If a State uses 
a nonpartisan blanket primary election to determine 
which candidates will advance to the general election 
for the office of Representative, the State shall en-
sure that the number of candidates who advance to 
the general election for the office is not less than the 
greater of— 
(A) five; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(B) twice the number of Representatives 
who will be elected from the district involved; or 
(C) such greater number as the State may 
establish by law. 
(2) NONPARTISAN
BLANKET
PRIMARY
ELEC-
TION DEFINED.—In this subsection, a ‘‘nonpartisan 
blanket primary election’’ is a primary election for 
the office of Representative conducted prior to the 
date established under section 25 of the Revised 
Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 7) for the 
regularly scheduled general election for such office, 
under which— 
(A) each candidate for such office, regard-
less of the candidate’s political party preference 
or lack thereof, shall appear on a single ballot; 
(B) each voter in the State who is eligible 
to vote in elections for Federal office in the dis-
trict involved may cast a ballot in the election, 
regardless of the voter’s political party pref-
erence or lack thereof; and 
(C) the identification and number of can-
didates who advance to the general election for 
the office is determined without regard to the 
candidates’ political party preferences or lack 
thereof. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(c) EXCEPTION FOR STATES NOT HOLDING PRIMARY 
ELECTIONS PRIOR TO DATE OF REGULARLY SCHEDULED 
GENERAL ELECTION.—In the case of a State that does 
not hold primary elections for the office of Representative 
prior to the date established under section 25 of the Re-
vised Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 7) for the 
regularly scheduled general election for such offices, all 
seats shall be elected at the election taking place on such 
date. 
SEC. 204. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 
(a) ELECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES PRIOR TO RE-
APPORTIONMENT.—Section 22(c) of the Act entitled ‘‘An 
Act to provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial 
censuses and to provide for an apportionment of Rep-
resentatives in Congress’’, approved June 18, 1929 (2 
U.S.C. 2a(c)), is amended by striking ‘‘Until a State’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Except as provided in title II of the Fair Rep-
resentation Act, until a State’’. 
(b) NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES.—Section 22(b) 
of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for apportioning 
Representatives in Congress among the several States by 
the equal proportions method’’, approved November 15, 
1941 (2 U.S.C. 2b), is amended by striking ‘‘Each State’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in title II of the Fair 
Representation Act, each State’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(c) NUMBER
OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM EACH 
DISTRICT.—The Act entitled ‘‘An Act for the relief of 
Doctor Ricardo Vallejo Samala and to provide for congres-
sional redistricting’’, approved December 14, 1967 (2 
U.S.C. 2c), is amended by striking ‘‘In each State’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Except as provided in title II of the Fair Rep-
resentation Act, in each State’’. 
(d) 
NOMINATION
FOR
REPRESENTATIVES
AT 
LARGE.—Section 5 of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act For the 
apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the 
several States under the Thirteenth Census’’, approved 
August 8, 1911 (2 U.S.C. 5), is amended by striking 
‘‘Candidates for Representative’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as 
provided in title II of the Fair Representation Act, can-
didates for Representative’’. 
SEC. 205. PROHIBITION ON WINNER-TAKE-ALL ELECTIONS. 
If, for any reason, a State cannot use ranked choice 
voting under subtitle C of title III of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002, as added by section 101, then in any 
election held at large or in a multi-winner district in which 
more than one Representative will be elected, all Rep-
resentatives shall be elected using an election method that 
ensures the election of any candidate or any party or slate 
of candidates who earns a number of votes equal to or 
greater than the total votes counted for all candidates, di-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
vided by the sum of one plus the number of seats to be 
filled, then increased by one, disregarding any fractions.. 
SEC. 206. EXCEPTION FOR STATES IN WHICH USE OF 
MULTI-MEMBER OR AT LARGE DISTRICTS 
WILL RESULT IN DIMINISHMENT OF VOTING 
RIGHTS. 
(a) EXCEPTION.—If, in an action brought under sec-
tion 306, the court determines that the use of multi-mem-
ber or at large districts by a State, as set forth in the 
congressional redistricting plan of a State with respect to 
the apportionment of Representatives resulting from a de-
cennial census, indicates that the redistricting plan will 
deny or abridge the right to vote by having the effect of 
diminishing the ability of any citizens of the United States 
on account of race or color, or in contravention of the 
guarantees set forth in section 4(f)(2) of the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10303(f)(2)), to elect their 
preferred candidates of choice— 
(1) this title shall not apply with respect to any 
election held in the State which is based on the ap-
portionment of Representatives to which such redis-
tricting plan would apply; and 
(2) subject to section 306(c), the court shall de-
velop and publish a redistricting plan for the State 
which meets the requirements of title III and under 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
which there are no multi-member districts in the 
State. 
(b) NO EFFECT ON OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—Noth-
ing in this section shall be construed to waive the applica-
tion of any of the other titles of this Act or the amend-
ments made by any of the other titles of this Act to a 
State for which there are no multi-member districts as a 
result of this section, including the requirement to use 
ranked choice voting as set forth in title I or the require-
ment that the congressional redistricting plan of a State 
meet the requirements of title III. 
SEC. 207. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This title and the amendments made by this title 
shall apply with respect to the One Hundred Twenty- 
Third Congress and each subsequent Congress. 
TITLE III—NONPARTISAN 
REDISTRICTING REFORM 
SEC. 301. REQUIRING CONGRESSIONAL REDISTRICTING 
PLANS TO COMPLY WITH NONPARTISAN CRI-
TERIA. 
A State may not use a congressional redistricting 
plan enacted if such plan is not in compliance with section 
303. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 302. BAN ON MID-DECADE REDISTRICTING. 
A State that has been redistricted in accordance with 
this title may not be redistricted again until after the next 
apportionment of Representatives under section 22(a) of 
the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth and 
subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for an ap-
portionment of Representatives in Congress’’, approved 
June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a), unless a court requires the 
State to conduct such subsequent redistricting to comply 
with the Constitution of the United States, the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), or the 
terms or conditions of this title. 
SEC. 303. CRITERIA FOR REDISTRICTING. 
(a) RANKED CRITERIA.—The redistricting plan of a 
State shall be developed in accordance with the following 
criteria, as set forth in the following order of priority: 
(1) Districts shall comply with the Constitution 
of the United States, including the requirement that 
they substantially equalize total population, without 
regard to age, citizenship status, or immigration sta-
tus. 
(2) Districts shall comply with the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), and 
all applicable Federal laws. 
(3)(A) Districts shall be drawn, to the extent 
that the totality of the circumstances warrant, to en-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
sure the practical ability of a group protected under 
the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et 
seq.), whether alone or in coalition with others, to 
participate in the political process and to nominate 
candidates and to elect representatives of choice is 
not diluted or diminished. 
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the as-
sessment of whether a protected group has the prac-
tical ability to nominate candidates and to elect rep-
resentatives of choice shall require the consideration 
of the following factors: 
(i) Whether the group is politically cohe-
sive. 
(ii) Whether there is racially polarized vot-
ing in the relevant geographic region. 
(iii) If there is racially polarized voting in 
the relevant geographic region, whether the pre-
ferred candidates of the group nevertheless re-
ceive a sufficient amount of consistent crossover 
support from other voters such that the group 
has a real opportunity to both nominate can-
didates and elect representatives of choice. 
(4) To the extent practicable, districts shall re-
flect the diversity of political opinion in the State 
such that no district in the State— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(A) elects exactly 3 Representatives and 
the nominee of one political party for President 
received at least 75 percent of the votes cast in 
the geographic area covered by the district in 2 
of the 3 most recent Presidential elections; 
(B) elects exactly 4 Representatives and 
the nominee of one political party for President 
received at least 80 percent of the votes cast in 
the geographic area covered by the district in 2 
of the 3 most recent Presidential elections; or 
(C) elects exactly 5 Representatives and 
the nominee of one political party for President 
received at least 83 percent of the votes cast in 
the geographic area covered by the district in 2 
of the 3 most recent Presidential elections. 
(5) To the greatest extent practicable the State 
shall minimize the number of districts electing 4 
Representatives. 
(6) To the greatest extent practicable the State 
shall maximize the number of districts electing 5 
Representatives. 
(7)(A) Districts shall be drawn to represent 
communities of interest and neighborhoods to the 
extent practicable after compliance with the require-
ments of paragraphs (1) through (6). A community 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
of interest is defined as an area for which the record 
before the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the redistricting plan demonstrates the ex-
istence of broadly shared interests and representa-
tional needs, including shared interests and rep-
resentational needs rooted in common ethnic, racial, 
economic, Indian, social, cultural, geographic, or his-
toric identities, or arising from similar socioeconomic 
conditions. The term communities of interest may, if 
the record warrants, include political subdivisions 
such as counties, municipalities, Indian lands, or 
school districts, but shall not include common rela-
tionships with political parties or political can-
didates. 
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), in con-
sidering the needs of multiple, overlapping commu-
nities of interest, the entity responsible for devel-
oping and adopting the redistricting plan shall give 
greater weight to those communities of interest 
whose representational needs would most benefit 
from the community’s inclusion in a single congres-
sional district. 
(b) NO FAVORING OR DISFAVORING OF POLITICAL 
PARTIES.— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(1) PROHIBITION.—A State may not use a re-
districting plan to conduct an election if the plan’s 
congressional districts, when considered cumulatively 
on a statewide basis, have been drawn with the in-
tent or have the effect of materially favoring or 
disfavoring any political party. 
(2) DETERMINATION OF EFFECT.—The deter-
mination of whether a redistricting plan has the ef-
fect of materially favoring or disfavoring a political 
party shall be based on an evaluation of the totality 
of circumstances which, at a minimum, shall involve 
consideration of each of the following factors: 
(A) Computer modeling based on relevant 
statewide general elections for Federal office 
held over the 8 years preceding the adoption of 
the redistricting plan setting forth the probable 
electoral outcomes for the plan under a range 
of reasonably foreseeable conditions. 
(B) An analysis of whether the redis-
tricting plan is statistically likely to result in 
partisan advantage or disadvantage on a state-
wide basis, the degree of any such advantage or 
disadvantage, and whether such advantage or 
disadvantage is likely to be present under a 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
range of reasonably foreseeable electoral condi-
tions. 
(C) A comparison of the modeled electoral 
outcomes for the redistricting plan to the mod-
eled electoral outcomes for alternative plans 
that demonstrably comply with the require-
ments of paragraphs (1) through (6) of sub-
section (a) in order to determine whether rea-
sonable alternatives exist that would result in 
materially lower levels of partisan advantage or 
disadvantage on a statewide basis. For purposes 
of this subparagraph, alternative plans consid-
ered may include both actual plans proposed 
during the redistricting process and other plans 
prepared for purposes of comparison. 
(D) Any other relevant information, includ-
ing how broad support for the redistricting plan 
was among members of the entity responsible 
for developing and adopting the plan and 
whether the processes leading to the develop-
ment and adoption of the plan were transparent 
and equally open to all members of the entity 
and to the public. 
(3) DETERMINATION OF INTENT.—A court may 
rely on all available evidence when determining 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00032
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
whether a redistricting plan was drawn with the in-
tent to materially favor or disfavor a political party, 
including evidence of the partisan effects of a plan, 
the degree of support the plan received from mem-
bers of the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the plan, and whether the processes leading 
to development and adoption of the plan were trans-
parent and equally open to all members of the entity 
and to the public. 
(4) NO
VIOLATION
BASED
ON
CERTAIN
CRI-
TERIA.—No redistricting plan shall be found to be 
in violation of paragraph (1) because of the proper 
application of the criteria set forth in paragraphs (1) 
through (6) of subsection (a), unless one or more al-
ternative plans could have complied with such para-
graphs without having the effect of materially favor-
ing or disfavoring a political party. 
(c) FACTORS PROHIBITED FROM CONSIDERATION.— 
In developing the redistricting plan for the State, the 
State may not take into consideration any of the following 
factors, except as necessary to comply with the criteria 
described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of subsection (a), 
to achieve partisan fairness and comply with subsection 
(b), and to enable the redistricting plan to be measured 
against the external metrics described in section 304(c): 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(1) The residence of any Member of the House 
of Representatives, candidate, or any other indi-
vidual who is eligible to serve as a Member of the 
House of Representatives from the State. 
(2) The political party affiliation or voting his-
tory of the population of a district. 
(d) ADDITIONAL CRITERIA.—A State may not rely 
upon criteria, districting principles, or other policies of the 
State which are not set forth in this section to justify non- 
compliance with the requirements of this section. 
(e) APPLICABILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—This section applies to any 
authority, whether appointed, elected, judicial, or 
otherwise, responsible for enacting the congressional 
redistricting plan of a State. 
(2) DATE OF ENACTMENT.—This section ap-
plies to any congressional redistricting plan enacted 
following the regular decennial census conducted 
during 2030. 
(f) SEVERABILITY OF CRITERIA.—If any provision of 
this section, or the application of any such provision to 
any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, 
the remainder of this section, and the application of such 
provision to any other person or circumstance, shall not 
be affected by the holding. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 304. DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN. 
(a) PUBLIC NOTICE AND INPUT.— 
(1) USE OF OPEN AND TRANSPARENT PROC-
ESS.—The entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the congressional redistricting plan of a 
State shall solicit and take into consideration com-
ments from the public throughout the process of de-
veloping the plan, and shall carry out its duties in 
an open and transparent manner which provides for 
the widest public dissemination reasonably possible 
of its proposed and final redistricting plans. 
(2) WEBSITE.— 
(A) FEATURES.—The entity shall maintain 
a public internet site which is not affiliated with 
or maintained by the office of any elected offi-
cial and which includes the following features: 
(i) All proposed redistricting plans 
and the final redistricting plan, including 
the accompanying written evaluation under 
subsection (c). 
(ii) All comments received from the 
public submitted under paragraph (1). 
(iii) Access in an easily usable format 
to the demographic and other data used by 
the entity to develop and analyze the pro-
posed redistricting plans, together with any 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
in whole or in part, the requirements of this 
title— 
(i) the court shall adopt a replacement 
congressional redistricting plan for the 
State in accordance with the process set 
forth in section 305; or 
(ii) if circumstances warrant and no 
delay to an upcoming regularly scheduled 
election for the House of Representatives 
in the State would result, the district 
court, in its discretion, may allow a State 
to develop and propose a remedial congres-
sional redistricting plan for review by the 
court to determine whether the plan is in 
compliance with this title, except that— 
(I) the State may not develop 
and propose a remedial plan under 
this clause if the court determines 
that the congressional redistricting 
plan of the State was enacted with 
discriminatory intent in violation of 
the Constitution or section 303(b); 
and 
(II) nothing in this clause may be 
construed to permit a State to use 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:09 Jul 30, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00047
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4632.IH
H4632
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS