activities, including registering voters or providing any 
person with voter registration materials, absentee or vote- 
by-mail ballot applications, voting instructions, or can-
didate-related information, on the property or website of 
the agency. 
(d) REPORT ON PRIOR VOTER REGISTRATION AND 
MOBILIZATION ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the head of each agency 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report describing the activities carried out by the agency 
pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of Executive Order 14019 
(86 Fed. Reg. 13623). 
(e) PROHIBITING VOTER REGISTRATION AND MOBI-
LIZATION IN FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS.—Sec-
tion 443(b)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1087–53(b)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub-
paragraph (E); and 
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) does not involve registering or mobi-
lizing voters on or off the campus of the institu-
tion; and’’. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 3502(1) of title 
44, United States Code. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate; 
(C) the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 133. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR 
ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN STATES THAT 
PERMIT BALLOT HARVESTING. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘No Federal Funds for Ballot Harvesting Act’’. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) the right to vote is a fundamental right of 
citizens of the United States, as described by the 
Constitution of the United States; 
(2) the Committee on House Administration of 
the House of Representatives, which is charged with 
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investigating election irregularities, received reports 
through its official Election Observer Program for 
the 2018 general election and the 2020 general elec-
tion, as well as from other stakeholders, that individ-
uals other than voters themselves were depositing 
large amounts of absentee ballots at polling places 
throughout California and other States, a practice 
colloquially known as ‘‘ballot harvesting’’; 
(3) the practice of ballot harvesting creates sig-
nificant vulnerabilities in the chain-of-custody of bal-
lots because individuals collecting ballots are not re-
quired to be registered voters and are not required 
to identify themselves at a voter’s home, and the 
State does not track how many ballots are harvested 
in an election; 
(4) in North Carolina, a congressional election 
was invalidated due to fraud associated with ballot 
harvesting committed by a political operative, and it 
is unlikely such activity would have been detected 
were it not for the prohibition against ballot har-
vesting in the State; 
(5) ballot harvesting invites electioneering activ-
ity at home and weakens States’ long-standing voter 
protection procedures, which remain in place at poll-
ing locations, creating the possibility of undue influ-
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ence over voters by political operatives and other bad 
actors; and 
(6) the Supreme Court of the United States has 
affirmed State authority to restrict ballot harvesting 
(Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, 141 
S. Ct. 2321 (2021)). 
(c) PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ELEC-
TION ADMINISTRATION FOR STATES ALLOWING COLLEC-
TION
AND TRANSMISSION
OF BALLOTS
BY CERTAIN 
THIRD PARTIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 908. PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ELEC-
TION ADMINISTRATION FOR STATES ALLOW-
ING COLLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF 
BALLOTS BY CERTAIN THIRD PARTIES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, no Federal funds may be used to administer 
any election for Federal office in a State unless the State 
has in effect a law that prohibits an individual from the 
knowing collection and transmission of a ballot in an elec-
tion for Federal office that was mailed to another person, 
other than an individual described as follows: 
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‘‘(1) An election official while engaged in offi-
cial duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(2) An employee of the United States Postal 
Service or other commercial common carrier engaged 
in similar activities while engaged in duties author-
ized by law. 
‘‘(3) Any other individual who is allowed by law 
to collect and transmit United States mail, while en-
gaged in official duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(4) A family member, household member, or 
caregiver of the person to whom the ballot was 
mailed. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, 
with respect to a person to whom the ballot was mailed: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘caregiver’ means an individual 
who provides medical or health care assistance to 
such person in a residence, nursing care institution, 
hospice facility, assisted living center, assisted living 
facility, assisted living home, residential care institu-
tion, adult day health care facility, or adult foster 
care home. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘family member’ means an indi-
vidual who is related to such person by blood, mar-
riage, adoption or legal guardianship. 
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‘‘(3) The term ‘household member’ means an 
individual who resides at the same residence as such 
person.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended by adding at the end 
the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 908. Prohibition on Federal funds for election administration for States 
allowing collection and transmission of ballots by certain third 
parties.’’. 
SEC. 134. CLARIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO FEDERAL 
ELECTION RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENT. 
Section 301 of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (52 
U.S.C. 20701) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘including records and papers 
of envelopes used to deliver voted ballots by mail and 
scanned, electronically preserved records of envelopes 
used to deliver blank ballots or absentee ballot re-
quests or used for any purpose other than delivering 
voted ballots, ballots, ballot images, chain of custody 
records, cast vote records, logic and accuracy test re-
sults and equipment certification, and other mate-
rials related to the Federal election that would be es-
sential for conducting a post-election audit’’ after 
‘‘requisite to voting in such election,’’; and 
(2) by inserting after ‘‘shall devolve upon such 
custodian.’’ the following: ‘‘Such records and papers 
shall be considered public records available for rea-
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sonable public inspection, including at a minimum, 
as defined the law of the State in which the election 
is held, the candidates appearing on the ballot in the 
election, political parties whose candidates appeared 
on the ballot in the election, and any individuals au-
thorized to observe the election.’’ 
SEC. 135. CLARIFICATION OF RULES WITH RESPECT TO 
HIRING OF ELECTION WORKERS. 
(a) PREFERENCES FOR VETERANS AND INDIVIDUALS 
WITH DISABILITIES.— 
(1) PREFERENCES.—In hiring election workers 
to administer an election in a State or local jurisdic-
tion, the State or local jurisdiction may give pref-
erence to individuals who are veterans or individuals 
with a disability. 
(2) INDIVIDUAL
WITH
A
DISABILITY
DE-
FINED.—In this subsection, an ‘‘individual with a 
disability’’ means an individual with an impairment 
that substantially limits any major life activities. 
(b) PREFERENCE AND WAIVER OF RESIDENCY RE-
QUIREMENT FOR SPOUSES AND DEPENDENTS OF ABSENT 
MILITARY VOTERS.— 
(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that, in hiring election workers to admin-
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ister an election in a State or local jurisdiction, the 
State or local jurisdiction— 
(A) should give preference to an individual 
who is a nonresident military spouse or depend-
ent; and 
(B) should not refuse to hire such an indi-
vidual as an election worker solely on the 
grounds that the individual does not maintain a 
place of residence in the State or local jurisdic-
tion. 
(2) INCLUSION OF INFORMATION ELECTION AS-
SISTANCE COMMISSION CLEARINGHOUSE.—The Fed-
eral Election Commission shall include in any clear-
inghouse it maintains of procedures adopted by 
States with respect to the administration of Federal 
elections information on the procedures under which 
States hire nonresident military spouses or depend-
ents as election workers, as described in paragraph 
(1). 
(3) NONRESIDENT MILITARY SPOUSE OR DE-
PENDENT
DEFINED.—In this subsection, a ‘‘non-
resident military spouse or dependent’’ means an in-
dividual who is an absent uniformed services voter 
under section 107(1)(C) of the Uniformed and Over-
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seas Citizen Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20310(1)(C)). 
SEC. 136. STATE ASSISTANCE IN ASSIGNING MAILING AD-
DRESSES WITH RESPECT TO TRIBAL GOV-
ERNMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Upon request from a Tribal Gov-
ernment, the appropriate State executives of the State 
concerned shall assist the Tribal Government to assign a 
mailing address to each home and residence of the Tribal 
Government in the State that does not have a mailing ad-
dress assigned to such home or residence and shall ensure 
that the State records include any such mailing address 
assigned and any mailing address previously assigned by 
such Tribal Government. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INDIAN.—The term ‘‘Indian’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self- 
Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 
U.S.C. 5304). 
(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ in 
section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
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(3) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the mean-
ing given such term in section 901 of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141). 
(4) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
Government’’ means the recognized governing body 
of an Indian Tribe. 
SEC. 137. STATE DEFINED. 
(a) APPLICATION TO COMMONWEALTH OF NORTH-
ERN MARIANA ISLANDS.—Section 901 of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141) is amended by 
striking ‘‘and the United States Virgin Islands’’ and in-
serting ‘‘the United States Virgin Islands, and the Com-
monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Such Act is fur-
ther amended as follows: 
(1) The second sentence of section 213(a)(2) 
(52 U.S.C. 20943(a)(2)) is amended by striking 
‘‘and American Samoa’’ and inserting ‘‘American 
Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands’’. 
(2) Section 252(c)(2) (52 U.S.C. 21002(c)(2)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘or the United States Virgin 
Islands’’ and inserting ‘‘the United States Virgin Is-
lands, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mar-
iana Islands’’. 
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SEC. 138. VOTER REGISTRATION FOR APPLICANTS WITH-
OUT DRIVER’S LICENSE OR SOCIAL SECURITY 
NUMBER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 303(a)(5)(A) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)(5)(A)) is 
amended— 
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘Except as pro-
vided in clause (ii), notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, an application’’ and inserting ‘‘An appli-
cation’’; 
(2) in clause (i)(II), by striking ‘‘(other than an 
applicant to whom clause (ii) applies)’’; and 
(3) by amending clause (ii) to read as follows: 
‘‘(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR APPLICANTS 
WITHOUT
DRIVER’S
LICENSE
OR
SOCIAL 
SECURITY
NUMBER.—If an applicant for 
voter registration for an election for Fed-
eral office has not been issued a current 
and valid driver’s license or a social secu-
rity number, the State shall assign the ap-
plicant a temporary number which shall be 
valid to identify the applicant for the pur-
poses of voter registration only during the 
period that begins on the date the tem-
porary number is assigned and ends 30 
days after the date that the applicant re-
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ceives a current and valid driver’s license 
or a social security number. If the appli-
cant fails to provide a driver’s license num-
ber or the last 4 digits of the social secu-
rity number (as the case may be) to the 
State during the 30-day period that begins 
on the date the applicant receives such 
driver’s license or social security number, 
the applicant’s application for voter reg-
istration with respect to which the tem-
porary number was assigned may not be 
accepted or processed by the State.’’. 
SEC. 139. GAO STUDY ON DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING AND 
ASSEMBLY OF VOTING EQUIPMENT. 
(a) STUDY REQUIRED.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall carry out a study on the feasability 
and requirements for all voting equipment used in elec-
tions for Federal office to be manufactured and assembled 
in the United States, which shall include an assessment 
of the importance of maintaining a secure supply chain 
for such voting equipment. 
(b) SUBMITTAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit a report containing the results of the study 
carried out under subsection (a) to— 
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(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 
(2) the chief State election official of each 
State; 
(3) the Election Assistance Commission; and 
(4) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology. 
(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that it is in the national interest of the United States 
that equipment used for voting in American elections be 
developed, programmed, manufactured, and assembled 
within the United States under the authority of United 
States persons. 
Subtitle D—District of Columbia 
Election Integrity and Voter 
Confidence 
SEC. 141. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘American Con-
fidence in Elections: District of Columbia Election Integ-
rity and Voter Confidence Act’’. 
SEC. 142. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY; 
FINDINGS. 
(a) STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY.— 
Congress finds that it has the authority to establish the 
terms and conditions for the administration of elections 
for public office in the District of Columbia— 
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(1) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 17 
of the Constitution of the United States, which 
grants Congress the exclusive power to enact legisla-
tion with respect to the seat of the government of 
the United States; 
(2) with recognition of the Residence Act of 
1790, which Congress passed pursuant to the above 
authority and which established the City of Wash-
ington in the District of Columbia as the seat of the 
government of the United States; 
(3) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 18 
of the Constitution of the United States, which 
grants Congress the authority to ‘‘make all Laws 
which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into Execution’’ its enumerated powers; and 
(4) under other enumerated powers granted to 
Congress. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Voter identification requirements in the 
District of Columbia are some of the weakest in the 
country. Currently, voters in the District of Colum-
bia are required only to provide proof of residence 
the first time they vote and are never asked to pro-
vide anything again. 
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(2) In the 2012 general election, the District of 
Columbia was wholly unprepared for early voters. 
Several polling locations featured only one or two 
voting machines. As a result, some voters waited in 
line for hours while others waited for hours only to 
be turned away as the polls closed. 
(3) Following the 2012 general election, the ex-
ecutive director of the D.C. Board of Elections testi-
fied that missteps had taken place during the elec-
tion. Voters complained that some precincts weren’t 
accessible for the disabled, while poorly trained em-
ployees ran sites elsewhere in the District. In other 
cases, voters were provided with ballots that were 
not correct for their addresses, allowing them to vote 
in races in other districts. 
(4) In the District of Columbia’s 2014 April 
Democratic primary, voters had to wait several 
hours after polls closed before receiving meaningful 
election returns because of problems with voting ma-
chines that led to an unusually lengthy and chaotic 
tabulation process. 
(5) In the aftermath of that primary, while the 
District of Columbia originally blamed a handful of 
voting machines for late election results, the execu-
tive director later clarified that the issue came from 
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a broad computer network failure. As a result, on 
election night, ballots did not begin to be counted 
until 10:00 p.m. The executive director said ‘‘on 
election night, polling officials never really did deter-
mine the problem . . .’’. All this occurred despite 
record low turnout for the primary. 
(6) Before the 2014 midterm election, the exec-
utive director hoped that ballot counting would be 
done before midnight but could not offer any prom-
ises based on the District of Columbia’s previous 
history. 
(7) Following the 2014 midterm election, the 
Office of the District of Columbia Auditor performed 
an audit of the election and found the following: 
(A) 23 of 89 precincts visited did not have 
the minimum number of poll workers des-
ignated in city election procedures. In total, 168 
workers did not come to work as scheduled, and 
others that were not trained to perform certain 
functions had to take on new jobs. 
(B) 37 of the 89 precincts inspected fea-
tured polling places not fully accessible to dis-
abled voters. Some issues included missing or 
inoperable doorbells to alert poll workers that a 
wheelchair-bound voter needed assistance, as 
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well as a lack of accessible parking spaces and 
entrances. 
(C) 57 of the 89 precincts featured election 
and non-election equipment issues affecting a 
wide range of the Election Day technology—in-
cluding paper ballot readers, electronic poll 
books and touch-screen voting machines. 
(8) In 2016, the Office of the District of Co-
lumbia Auditor released a report titled ‘‘The District 
of Columbia Voter File: Compliance with Law and 
Best Practices’’, which included the following: 
(A) In 2015, the Board of Elections, as re-
quired under District law, sent out written no-
tices to 260,000 inactive voters through the 
U.S. Postal Service in an attempt to maintain 
accurate voter registration rolls. 38,179, or al-
most fifteen percent of those postcards, were re-
turned as undeliverable. 
(B) The Office of the Auditor took a sam-
ple of thirty-three decedents who had died be-
tween January of 2011 and December of 2014. 
The audit found that all of the thirty-three de-
cedents were still on the District’s voter reg-
istration rolls. 
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(C) The District of Columbia is a member 
of the Electronic Registration Information Cen-
ter (ERIC). According to ERIC, 13,651 voters 
were registered in the District of Columbia and 
another jurisdiction. The D.C. Board of Elec-
tions contacted every voter with a duplicate reg-
istration. 6,000 voters confirmed they now re-
sided outside the District of Columbia and the 
other 7,651 or 56 percent of voters with a du-
plicate registration did not respond. 
(9) The District of Columbia allows for same- 
day registration and automatic voter registration. In 
2018, the District of Columbia implemented an 
Automatic Voter Registration program through the 
Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Now, any 
DMV application automatically serves as an applica-
tion to register to vote or update registration 
records, unless the applicant affirmatively opts out 
of this registration option. 
(10) In 2020, voting in the District of Colum-
bia for the June primary election was fraught with 
problems. Some voters waited in line for hours, and 
thousands of voters who requested absentee mail-in 
ballots never received them. As a result, the District 
of Columbia allowed voters that never received their 
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absentee ballot to cast their ballots via unsecured 
email. During the Committee on House Administra-
tion and Committee on Oversight and Accountability 
joint hearing titled ‘‘American Confidence in Elec-
tions: The Path to Election Integrity in the District 
of Columbia’’, witnesses called by Republicans and 
Democrats both agreed that casting a ballot via un-
secured email raised serious security and voter iden-
tification concerns. 
(11) In 2020, the District of Columbia Board 
of Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot 
for the general election. Voters were still permitted 
to vote in-person. The Board mailed 421,791 ballots, 
and 48,018 of them were undeliverable, more than 
eleven percent. This is a rate more than eight times 
higher than the national average. 
(12) Even after mailing every registered voter 
a ballot in the 2020 general election, the District of 
Columbia had lower voter turnout rates than states 
like Florida, Ohio, and Georgia. In 2020, the Dis-
trict of Columbia reported a roughly 64 percent 
turnout while Florida reported 77 percent, Ohio re-
ported roughly 74 percent, and Georgia reported 66 
percent. 
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(13) In 2022, the District of Columbia Board 
of Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot 
for the midterm primary election. Voters were still 
allowed to vote in person. The Board mailed 
402,323 ballots, and 65,398 ballots, or about sixteen 
percent, were undeliverable. This is an increase of 
17,380 in undeliverable ballots between the 2020 
general election and the 2022 primary election. 
(14) In 2022, the District of Columbia Board 
of Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot 
for the November general election. Voters were still 
allowed to vote in person. The Board mailed 
508,543 ballots, and 87,921 were undeliverable. The 
rate of undeliverable ballots mailed out for the gen-
eral election in 2022 was seventeen percent, an in-
crease of about six basis points from the 2020 elec-
tion. In addition, the District of Columbia mailed 
over 500 voters an incorrect ballot. At the time of 
the 2022 election, the COVID–19 pandemic was 
largely over, allowing voters to vote in person with-
out issue, unlike during the 2020 election. 
(15) Despite mailing every registered voter a 
ballot in the 2022 midterm election, the District of 
Columbia had far lower voter turnout rates than 
states like Florida, Georgia, and Ohio. In 2022, the 
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District of Columbia reported roughly 40 percent 
turnout while Florida reported 54 percent, Ohio re-
ported 52 percent, and Georgia reported roughly 57 
percent. 
(16) The Local Resident Voting Rights Amend-
ment Act of 2022 allows noncitizen green-card hold-
ers and illegal aliens to cast a ballot in local races, 
as long as the non-citizen voter is at least eighteen 
years of age and has resided in the District of Co-
lumbia for thirty days. The law will take effect in 
2024. Estimates as to the number of non-citizens of 
voting age living in the District of Columbia range 
from 21,000 to 42,000, potentially half of whom are 
illegal aliens. Even according to the low estimates, 
there are more than enough non-citizens of voting 
age living in the District of Columbia to impact elec-
tion outcomes in some wards. 
(17) On February 9, 2023, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, by a vote of 260 to 162, passed 
H.J. Res. 24, disapproving the Local Resident Vot-
ing Rights Amendment Act of 2022 under the Dis-
trict of Columbia Home Rule Act. 
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SEC. 143. REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTIONS IN DISTRICT OF 
COLUMBIA. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED.—Title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21801 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new sub-
title: 
‘‘Subtitle C—Requirements for 
Elections in District of Columbia 
‘‘SEC. 321. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY; 
FINDINGS. 
‘‘Congress finds that it has the authority to establish 
the terms and conditions for the administration of elec-
tions for public office in the District of Columbia— 
‘‘(1) under article I, section 8, clause 17 of the 
Constitution of the United States, which grants Con-
gress the exclusive power to enact legislation with 
respect to the seat of the government of the United 
States; and 
‘‘(2) under other enumerated powers granted to 
Congress. 
‘‘SEC. 322. REQUIREMENTS FOR PHOTO IDENTIFICATION. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Voter Identification Act’. 
‘‘(b) REQUIRING PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION TO 
RECEIVE A BALLOT OR VOTE.— 
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‘‘(B) such document or other written infor-
mation is of sufficient validity such that the 
election official is reasonably certain as to the 
identity of the individual. 
‘‘(c) PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION WITHOUT COST 
TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS.—If the District of Columbia 
charges an individual a fee for an identification described 
in subsection (b)(3) and the individual provides an attesta-
tion that the individual is unable to afford the fee, the 
District of Columbia shall provide the identification to the 
individual at no cost. 
‘‘(d) SPECIAL RULE WITH RESPECT TO SINCERELY 
HELD RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.—In the case of an individual 
who is unable to comply with the requirements of sub-
section (b) due to sincerely held religious beliefs, the Dis-
trict of Columbia shall provide such individual with an al-
ternative identification that shall be deemed to meet the 
requirements of an identification described in subsection 
(b)(3). 
‘‘(e) DESIGNATION
OF
DISTRICT
OF
COLUMBIA 
AGENCY TO PROVIDE COPIES OF IDENTIFICATION.—The 
Mayor of the District of Columbia shall designate an agen-
cy of the District of Columbia government to provide an 
individual with a copy of an identification described in 
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subsection (b)(3) at no cost to the individual for the pur-
poses of meeting the requirement under subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(f) INCLUSION OF PHOTOS IN POLL BOOKS.— 
‘‘(1) METHODS FOR OBTAINING PHOTOS.— 
‘‘(A) PROVISION OF PHOTOS BY OFFICES 
OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT.—If 
any office of the District of Columbia govern-
ment has a photograph or digital image of the 
likeness of an individual who is eligible to vote 
in a District of Columbia election, the office, in 
consultation with the chief election official of 
the District of Columbia, shall provide access to 
the photograph or digital image to the chief 
election official of the District of Columbia. 
‘‘(B) TAKING
OF
PHOTOS
AT
POLLING 
PLACE.—If a photograph or digital image of an 
individual who votes in person at a polling place 
is not included in the poll book which contains 
the name of the individuals who are eligible to 
vote in the District of Columbia election and 
which is used by election officials to provide 
ballots to such eligible individuals, the appro-
priate election official shall take a photograph 
of the individual and provide access to the pho-
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any purpose other than the administration of Dis-
trict of Columbia elections and is not provided or 
otherwise made available to any other person except 
as may be necessary to carry out that purpose. 
‘‘(g) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not apply with 
respect to any individual who is— 
‘‘(1) entitled to vote by absentee ballot under 
the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Vot-
ing Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.); 
‘‘(2) provided the right to vote otherwise than 
in person under section 3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Voting 
Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act 
(52 U.S.C. 20102(b)(2)(B)(ii)); or 
‘‘(3) entitled to vote otherwise than in person 
under any other Federal law. 
‘‘(h) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this section, 
the following definitions apply: 
‘‘(1) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian Tribe’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘Indian tribe’ in sec-
tion 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
‘‘(2) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘Tribal 
Government’ means the recognized governing body 
of an Indian Tribe. 
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‘‘SEC. 323. REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTER REGISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Voter List Maintenance Act’. 
‘‘(b) ANNUAL LIST MAINTENANCE.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The District of Co-
lumbia shall carry out annually a program to 
remove ineligible persons from the official list of 
persons registered to vote in the District of Co-
lumbia, as required by section 8 of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20507) and pursuant to the procedures de-
scribed in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(B) REMOVAL FROM VOTER ROLLS.—In 
the case of a registrant from the official list of 
eligible voters in District of Columbia elections 
who has failed to vote in a District of Columbia 
election during a period of two consecutive 
years, the District of Columbia shall send to 
such registrant a notice described in section 
8(d)(2) of the National Voter Registration Act 
of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(d)(2)) and shall re-
move the registrant from the official list of eli-
gible voters in District of Columbia elections 
if— 
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‘‘(i) the registrant fails to respond to 
such notice; and 
‘‘(ii) the registrant has not voted or 
appeared to vote in a District of Columbia 
election during the period beginning the 
date such notice is sent and ending the 
later of 4 years after the date such notice 
is sent or after two consecutive District of 
Columbia general elections have been held. 
‘‘(2) TIMING.—In the case of a year during 
which a regularly scheduled District of Columbia 
election is held, the District of Columbia shall carry 
out the program described in paragraph (1) not 
later than 90 days prior to the date of the election. 
‘‘(c) PROHIBITING SAME-DAY REGISTRATION.—The 
District of Columbia may not permit an individual to vote 
in a District of Columbia election unless, not later than 
30 days prior to the date of the election, the individual 
is duly registered to vote in the election. 
‘‘SEC. 324. BAN ON COLLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF 
BALLOTS BY CERTAIN THIRD PARTIES. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Election Fraud Prevention Act’. 
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‘‘(b) IN GENERAL.—The District of Columbia may 
not permit an individual to knowingly collect and transmit 
a ballot in a District of Columbia election that was mailed 
to another person, other than an individual described as 
follows: 
‘‘(1) An election official while engaged in offi-
cial duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(2) An employee of the United States Postal 
Service or other commercial common carrier engaged 
in similar activities while engaged in duties author-
ized by law. 
‘‘(3) Any other individual who is allowed by law 
to collect and transmit United States mail, while en-
gaged in official duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(4) A family member, household member, or 
caregiver of the person to whom the ballot was 
mailed. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, 
with respect to a person to whom the ballot was mailed: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘caregiver’ means an individual 
who provides medical or health care assistance to 
such person in a residence, nursing care institution, 
hospice facility, assisted living center, assisted living 
facility, assisted living home, residential care institu-
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tion, adult day health care facility, or adult foster 
care home. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘family member’ means an indi-
vidual who is related to such person by blood, mar-
riage, adoption or legal guardianship. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘household member’ means an 
individual who resides at the same residence as such 
person. 
‘‘SEC. 325. TIMELY PROCESSING AND REPORTING OF RE-
SULTS. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Timely Reporting of Election Results Act’. 
‘‘(b) TIME FOR PROCESSING BALLOTS AND REPORT-
ING RESULTS.—The District of Columbia shall begin 
processing ballots received by mail in a District of Colum-
bia election as soon as such ballots are received and shall 
ensure that the results of such District of Columbia elec-
tion are reported to the public not later than 12 hours 
after the closing of polls on the date of the election, but 
in no case shall such ballots be tabulated or such results 
be reported earlier than the closing of polls on the date 
of the election. 
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENT
TO
PUBLISH
NUMBER
OF 
VOTED BALLOTS ON ELECTION DAY.—The District of 
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Columbia shall, as soon as practicable after the closing 
of polls on the date of a District of Columbia election, 
make available on a publicly accessible website the total 
number of voted ballots in the possession of election offi-
cials in the District of Columbia as of the time of the clos-
ing of polls on the date of such election, which shall in-
clude, as of such time— 
‘‘(1) the number of voted ballots delivered by 
mail; 
‘‘(2) the number of ballots requested for such 
election by individuals who are entitled to vote by 
absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas 
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et 
seq.); and 
‘‘(3) the number of voted ballots for such elec-
tion received from individuals who are entitled to 
vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and 
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20301 et seq.), including from individuals who, 
under such Act, voted by absentee ballot without re-
questing such a ballot. 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENTS
TO
ENSURE
BIPARTISAN 
ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ACTIVITY.—With respect to 
a District of Columbia election, District of Columbia elec-
tion officials shall ensure that all activities are carried out 
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100 
in a bipartisan manner, which shall include a requirement 
that, in the case of an election worker who enters a room 
which contains ballots, voting equipment, or non-voting 
equipment as any part of the election worker’s duties to 
carry out such election, the election worker is accompanied 
by an individual registered to vote with respect to a dif-
ferent political party than such election worker, as deter-
mined pursuant to the voting registration records of the 
District of Columbia. 
‘‘SEC. 326. BAN ON NONCITIZEN VOTING. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Citizen Voter Act’. 
‘‘(b) BAN ON NONCITIZEN VOTING.—No individual 
may vote in a District of Columbia election unless the indi-
vidual is a citizen of the United States. 
‘‘SEC. 327. REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO PROVI-
SIONAL BALLOTS. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Provisional Ballot Reform Act’. 
‘‘(b) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(c), the District of Columbia shall permit an individual 
to cast a provisional ballot pursuant to section 302 if— 
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101 
‘‘(1) the individual declares that such individual 
is a registered voter in the District of Columbia and 
is eligible to vote in a District of Columbia election 
but the name of the individual does not appear on 
the official list of eligible voters for the polling place 
or an election official asserts that the individual is 
not eligible to vote; or 
‘‘(2) the individual declares that such individual 
is a registered voter in the District of Columbia and 
is eligible to vote in a District of Columbia election 
but does not provide an identification required under 
section 322, except that the individual’s provisional 
ballot shall not be counted in the election unless the 
individual provides such identification to the chief 
State election official of the District of Columbia not 
later than 5:00 pm on the second day which begins 
after the date of the election. 
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO COUNTING 
PROVISIONAL BALLOTS IN CERTAIN CASES.—If the name 
of an individual who is a registered voter in the District 
of Columbia and eligible to vote in a District of Columbia 
election appears on the official list of eligible voters for 
a polling place in the District of Columbia, such individual 
may cast a provisional ballot pursuant to section 302 for 
such election at a polling place other than the polling place 
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102 
with respect to which the name of the individual appears 
on the official list of eligible voters, except that the individ-
ual’s provisional ballot shall not be counted in the election 
unless the individual demonstrates pursuant to the re-
quirements under section 302 that the individual is a reg-
istered voter in the jurisdiction of the polling place at 
which the individual cast such ballot. 
‘‘SEC. 328. MANDATORY POST-ELECTION AUDITS. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Mandatory Post-Election Audits Act’. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENT FOR POST-ELECTION AUDITS.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 30 days 
after each District of Columbia election, the District 
of Columbia shall conduct and publish an audit of 
the effectiveness and accuracy of the voting systems, 
nonvoting election technology (as defined in section 
298C), election procedures, and outcomes used to 
carry out the election and the performance of the 
election officials who carried out the election, but in 
no case shall such audit be completed later than 2 
business days before the deadline to file an election 
contest under the laws of the District of Columbia. 
‘‘(2) INDEPENDENCE
OF
AUDITOR.—No indi-
vidual who participates in conducting the audit re-
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103 
quired under this section may be an employee or 
contractor of an office of the District of Columbia 
which is responsible for the administration of Dis-
trict of Columbia elections or of a subsidiary or affil-
iate of such an office. 
‘‘SEC. 329. PUBLIC OBSERVATION OF ELECTION PROCE-
DURES. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Public Observation of Election Procedures Act’. 
‘‘(b) DESIGNATED
REPRESENTATIVES
OF
CAN-
DIDATES, POLITICAL PARTIES, AND COMMITTEES AFFILI-
ATED WITH BALLOT INITIATIVES.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY TO OBSERVE PROCEDURES.— 
An individual who is not a District of Columbia elec-
tion official may observe election procedures carried 
out in a District of Columbia election, as described 
in paragraph (2), if the individual is designated to 
observe such procedures by a candidate in the elec-
tion, a political party, or a committee affiliated with 
a ballot initiative or referendum in the election. 
‘‘(2) 
AUTHORITY
AND
PROCEDURES
DE-
SCRIBED.—The authority of an individual to observe 
election procedures pursuant to this subsection is as 
follows: 
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104 
‘‘(A) The individual may serve as a poll 
watcher to observe the casting and tabulation of 
ballots at a polling place on the date of the elec-
tion or on any day prior to the date of the elec-
tion on which ballots are cast at early voting 
sites, and may challenge the casting or tabula-
tion of any such ballot. 
‘‘(B) The individual may serve as a poll 
watcher to observe the canvassing and proc-
essing of absentee or other mail-in ballots, in-
cluding the procedures for verification of signed 
certificates 
of 
transmission 
under 
section 
330(c)(2). 
‘‘(C) The individual may observe the re-
count of the results of the election at any loca-
tion at which the recount is held, and may chal-
lenge the tabulation of any ballot tabulated pur-
suant to the recount. 
‘‘(3) PROVISION OF CREDENTIALS.—The chief 
State election official of the District of Columbia 
shall provide each individual who is authorized to ob-
serve election procedures under paragraph (1) with 
appropriate credentials to enable the individual to 
observe such procedures. 
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105 
‘‘(4) EXCEPTION FOR CANDIDATES AND LAW 
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.—An individual may not 
serve as a poll watcher under subparagraph (A) or 
(B) of paragraph (2), and the chief State election of-
ficial of the District of Columbia may not provide 
the individual with credentials to enable the indi-
vidual to serve as a poll watcher under such sub-
paragraph, if the individual is a candidate in the 
election or a law enforcement officer. 
‘‘(c) OTHER INDIVIDUALS.— 
‘‘(1) 
PETITION
FOR
OBSERVER
CREDEN-
TIALS.—In addition to the individuals described in 
subsection (b), any individual, including an indi-
vidual representing or affiliated with a domestic or 
international organization, may petition the chief 
State election official of the District of Columbia to 
provide the individual with credentials to observe 
election procedures carried out in a District of Co-
lumbia election, as described in subsection (b). 
‘‘(2) AUTHORITY
DESCRIBED.—If the chief 
State election official provides an individual with 
credentials under paragraph (1), the individual shall 
have the same authority to observe election proce-
dures carried out in the election as an individual de-
scribed in subsection (b), except that the individual 
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106 
may not challenge the casting, tabulation, can-
vassing, or processing of any ballot in the election. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION FOR CANDIDATES AND LAW 
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.—The chief State election 
official of the District of Columbia may not provide 
an individual who is a candidate in the election or 
a law enforcement officer with credentials to serve as 
a poll watcher, as described in subparagraph (A) or 
(B) of subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(d) AUTHORITY OF MEMBERS OF PUBLIC TO OB-
SERVE TESTING OF EQUIPMENT.—In addition to the au-
thority of individuals to observe procedures under sub-
sections (b) and (c), any member of the public may ob-
serve the testing of election equipment by election officials 
prior to the date of the election. 
‘‘(e) PROHIBITING LIMITS
ON ABILITY TO VIEW 
PROCEDURES.—An election official may not obstruct the 
ability of an individual who is authorized to observe an 
election procedure under this section to view the procedure 
as it is being carried out. 
‘‘(f) PROHIBITION
AGAINST
CERTAIN
RESTRIC-
TIONS.—An election official may not require that an indi-
vidual who observes election procedures under this section 
stays more than 3 feet away from the procedure as it is 
being carried out. 
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107 
‘‘SEC. 330. REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTING BY MAIL-IN BAL-
LOT. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Mail Balloting Reform Act’. 
‘‘(b) PROHIBITING TRANSMISSION OF UNSOLICITED 
BALLOTS.—The District of Columbia may not transmit 
an absentee or other mail-in ballot for a District of Colum-
bia election to any individual who does not request the 
District of Columbia to transmit the ballot. 
‘‘(c) SIGNATURE VERIFICATION.— 
‘‘(1) INCLUSION OF CERTIFICATE WITH BAL-
LOT.—The District of Columbia shall include with 
each absentee or other mail-in ballot transmitted for 
a District of Columbia election a certificate of trans-
mission which may be signed by the individual for 
whom the ballot is transmitted. 
‘‘(2) REQUIRING VERIFICATION FOR BALLOT TO 
BE COUNTED.—Except as provided in subsection (d), 
the District of Columbia may not accept an absentee 
or other mail-in ballot for a District of Columbia 
election unless— 
‘‘(A) the individual for whom the ballot 
was transmitted— 
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108 
‘‘(i) signs and dates the certificate of 
transmission included with the ballot under 
paragraph (1); and 
‘‘(ii) includes the signed certification 
with the ballot and the date on such cer-
tification is accurate and in no case later 
than the date of the election; and 
‘‘(B) the individual’s signature on the bal-
lot matches the signature of the individual on 
the official list of registered voters in the Dis-
trict of Columbia or other official record or doc-
ument used by the District of Columbia to 
verify the signatures of voters. 
‘‘(d) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE.— 
‘‘(1) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE DIS-
CREPANCY IN SIGNATURES.—If an individual sub-
mits an absentee or other mail-in ballot for a Dis-
trict of Columbia election and the appropriate Dis-
trict of Columbia election official determines that a 
discrepancy exists between the signature on such 
ballot and the signature of such individual on the of-
ficial list of registered voters in the District of Co-
lumbia or other official record or document used by 
the District of Columbia to verify the signatures of 
voters, such election official, prior to making a final 
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109 
determination as to the validity of such ballot, 
shall— 
‘‘(A) make a good faith effort to imme-
diately notify the individual by mail, telephone, 
or (if available) text message and electronic 
mail that— 
‘‘(i) a discrepancy exists between the 
signature on such ballot and the signature 
of the individual on the official list of reg-
istered voters in the District of Columbia 
or other official record or document used 
by the District of Columbia to verify the 
signatures of voters; and 
‘‘(ii) if such discrepancy is not cured 
prior to the expiration of the 48-hour pe-
riod which begins on the date the official 
notifies the individual of the discrepancy, 
such ballot will not be counted; and 
‘‘(B) cure such discrepancy and count the 
ballot if, prior to the expiration of the 48-hour 
period described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the 
individual provides the official with information 
to cure such discrepancy, either in person, by 
telephone, or by electronic methods. 
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110 
‘‘(2) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE MISS-
ING
SIGNATURE
OR
OTHER
DEFECT.—If an indi-
vidual submits an absentee or other mail-in ballot 
for a District of Columbia election without a signa-
ture on the ballot or the certificate of transmission 
included with the ballot under subsection (c)(1) or 
submits an absentee ballot with another defect 
which, if left uncured, would cause the ballot to not 
be counted, the appropriate District of Columbia 
election official, prior to making a final determina-
tion as to the validity of the ballot, shall— 
‘‘(A) make a good faith effort to imme-
diately notify the individual either by mail, tele-
phone, or (if available) text message and elec-
tronic mail that— 
‘‘(i) the ballot or certificate of trans-
mission did not include a signature or has 
some other defect; and 
‘‘(ii) if the individual does not provide 
the missing signature or cure the other de-
fect prior to the expiration of the 48-hour 
period which begins on the date the official 
notifies the individual that the ballot or 
certificate of transmission did not include 
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111 
a signature or has some other defect, such 
ballot will not be counted; and 
‘‘(B) count the ballot if, prior to the expi-
ration of the 48-hour period described in sub-
paragraph (A)(ii), the individual provides the 
official with the missing signature on a form 
proscribed by the District of Columbia or cures 
the other defect. 
This paragraph does not apply with respect to a de-
fect consisting of the failure of a ballot to meet the 
applicable deadline for the acceptance of the ballot, 
as described in subsection (e). 
‘‘(e) DEADLINE FOR ACCEPTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) DEADLINE.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the District of Columbia may not accept 
an absentee or other mail-in ballot for a District of 
Columbia election which is received by the appro-
priate election official following the close of polls on 
Election Day. 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION FOR ABSENT MILITARY AND 
OVERSEAS VOTERS.—Paragraph (1) does not apply 
to a ballot cast by an individual who is entitled to 
vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and 
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20301 et seq.). 
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112 
‘‘(3) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection may be construed as prohibiting the 
District of Columbia from accepting an absentee or 
other mail-in ballot for a District of Columbia elec-
tion that is delivered in person by the voter to an 
election official at an appropriate polling place or 
the District of Columbia Board of Elections if such 
ballot is received by the election official by the dead-
line described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘SEC. 331. REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO USE OF 
DROP BOXES. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Ballot Security Act’. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—With respect to a District of 
Columbia election, the District of Columbia may not use 
a drop box to accept a voted absentee or other mail-in 
ballot for any such election unless— 
‘‘(1) any such drop box is located inside a Dis-
trict of Columbia government building or facility; 
‘‘(2) the District of Columbia provides for the 
security of any such drop box through 24-hour re-
mote or electronic surveillance; and 
‘‘(3) the District of Columbia Board of Elec-
tions collects any ballot deposited in any such drop 
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113 
box each day after 5:00 p.m. (local time) during the 
period of the election. 
‘‘SEC. 332. SPECIAL RULE WITH RESPECT TO APPLICATION 
OF REQUIREMENTS TO FEDERAL ELECTIONS. 
‘‘With respect to an election for Federal office in the 
District of Columbia, to the extent that there is any incon-
sistency with the requirements of this subtitle and the re-
quirements of subtitle A, the requirements of this subtitle 
shall apply. 
‘‘SEC. 333. PROHIBITING THE USE OF RANKED CHOICE VOT-
ING. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
One Vote One Choice Act’. 
‘‘(b) PROHIBITION.—The District of Columbia may 
not carry out a District of Columbia election using a sys-
tem of ranked choice voting under which each voter shall 
rank the candidates for the office in the order of the vot-
er’s preference. 
‘‘SEC. 334. EARLY VOTING. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRING EARLY VOTING.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The District of Columbia 
shall allow individuals to vote in person in a District 
of Columbia election during an early voting period 
which occurs prior to the date of the election, in the 
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114 
same manner as in person voting is allowed on such 
date. 
‘‘(2) LENGTH
OF
PERIOD.—The early voting 
period required under this subsection with respect to 
a District of Columbia election shall consist of not 
more than 10 days during the period of consecutive 
days (including weekends) which begins on the 14th 
day before the date of the election and ends on the 
date of the election. 
‘‘(b) POLLING PLACE REQUIREMENTS.—Each poll-
ing place which allows voting during an early voting period 
under subsection (a) shall have the same hours for each 
day on which such voting occurs as the polling place has 
on the date of the election. 
‘‘SEC. 335. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ELECTION DEFINED. 
‘‘In this subtitle, the term ‘District of Columbia elec-
tion’ means any election for public office in the District 
of Columbia, including an election for Federal office, and 
any ballot initiative or referendum.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO EN-
FORCEMENT.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) 
is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting 
the following: ‘‘, and the requirements of subtitle C with 
respect to the District of Columbia.’’. 
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115 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended by adding at the end of the items 
relating to title III the following: 
‘‘Subtitle C—Requirements for Elections in District of Columbia 
‘‘Sec. 321. Statement of Congressional authority; findings. 
‘‘Sec. 322. Requirements for photo identification. 
‘‘Sec. 323. Requirements for voter registration. 
‘‘Sec. 324. Ban on collection and transmission of ballots by certain third 
parties. 
‘‘Sec. 325. Timely processing and reporting of results. 
‘‘Sec. 326. Ban on noncitizen voting. 
‘‘Sec. 327. Requirements with respect to provisional ballots. 
‘‘Sec. 328. Mandatory post-election audits. 
‘‘Sec. 329. Public observation of election procedures. 
‘‘Sec. 330. Requirements for voting by mail-in ballot. 
‘‘Sec. 331. Requirements with respect to use of drop boxes. 
‘‘Sec. 332. Special rule with respect to application of requirements to Fed-
eral elections. 
‘‘Sec. 333. Prohibiting the use of ranked choice voting. 
‘‘Sec. 334. Early voting. 
‘‘Sec. 335. District of Columbia election defined. 
SEC. 144. REPEAL OF LOCAL RESIDENT VOTING RIGHTS 
AMENDMENT ACT OF 2022. 
The Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act 
of 2022 (D.C. Law 24–242) is repealed, and any provision 
of law amended or repealed by such Act shall be restored 
or revived as if such Act had not been enacted into law. 
SEC. 145. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this subtitle shall apply 
with respect to District of Columbia elections held on or 
after January 1, 2024. For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘District of Columbia election’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 333 of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002, as added by section 143(a). 
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116 
Subtitle E—Administration of the 
Election Assistance Commission 
SEC. 151. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Positioning the 
Election Assistance Commission for the Future Act of 
2023’’. 
SEC. 152. FINDINGS RELATING TO THE ADMINISTRATION 
OF THE ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Election Assistance Commission best 
serves the American people when operating within 
its core statutory functions, including serving as a 
clearinghouse for information on election administra-
tion, providing grants, and testing and certifying 
election equipment. 
(2) The American people are best served when 
Federal agency election assistance is offered by a 
single agency with expertise in this space. The Elec-
tion Assistance Commission, composed of four elec-
tion experts from different political parties, is best 
situated among the Federal government agencies to 
offer assistance services to citizens and to guide 
other Federal agencies that have responsibilities in 
the elections space. The Commission is also best 
suited to determine the timing of the issuance of any 
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117 
advisories and to disburse all appropriated election 
grant funding. 
(3) To this end, Congress finds that the Elec-
tion Assistance Commission should be viewed as the 
lead Federal government agency on all election ad-
ministration matters, and other Federal agencies op-
erating in this space should look to the Commission 
for guidance, direction, and support on election ad-
ministration-related issues. 
SEC. 153. REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO STAFF AND 
FUNDING OF THE ELECTION ASSISTANCE 
COMMISSION. 
(a) STAFF.—Section 204(a)(5) of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20924(a)(5)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘of such additional personnel’’ and inserting ‘‘of 
not more than 55 full-time equivalent employees to carry 
out the duties and responsibilities under this Act and the 
additional duties and responsibilities required under the 
American Confidence in Elections Act’’. 
(b) FUNDING.—Section 210 of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20930) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘for each of the fiscal years 
2003 through 2005’’ and inserting ‘‘for each of the 
fiscal years 2024 through 2026’’; and 
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118 
(2) by striking ‘‘(but not to exceed $10,000,000 
for each such year)’’ and inserting ‘‘(but not to ex-
ceed $25,000,000 for each such year)’’. 
(c) PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN USE OF FUNDS.— 
(1) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds author-
ized to be appropriated or otherwise made available 
under subsection (b) may be obligated or expended 
for the operation of an advisory committee estab-
lished by the Election Assistance Commission pursu-
ant to and in accordance with the provisions of the 
Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. 2), 
except with respect to the operation of the Local 
Leadership Council. 
(2) NO EFFECT ON ENTITIES ESTABLISHED BY 
HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT OF 2002.—Paragraph (1) 
does not apply with respect to the operation of any 
entity established by the Help America Vote Act of 
2002, including the Election Assistance Commission 
Standards Board, the Election Assistance Commis-
sion Board of Advisors, and the Technical Guide-
lines Development Committee. 
(d) REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO COMPENSA-
TION
OF
MEMBERS
OF
THE
COMMISSION.—Section 
203(d) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
20923(d)) is amended— 
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119 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘at the annual 
rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Exec-
utive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United 
States Code’’ and inserting ‘‘at an annual rate of 
basic pay equal to the lesser of the amount of 
$176,300, as adjusted under section 5318 of title 5, 
United States Code, in the same manner as the an-
nual rate of pay for positions at each level of the 
Executive Schedule, or 90 percent of the annual rate 
of pay for a member of the Federal Election Com-
mission (but in no case lower than the rate applica-
ble for the pay period occurring on the date of the 
enactment of the ACE Act)’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘No member 
appointed’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in 
paragraph (3), no member appointed’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(3) SUPPLEMENTAL EMPLOYMENT AND COM-
PENSATION.—An individual serving a term of service 
on the Commission shall be permitted to hold a posi-
tion at an institution of higher education (as such 
term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) if— 
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120 
‘‘(A) the General Counsel of the Election 
Assistance Commission determines that such 
position does not create a conflict of interest 
with the individual’s position as a sitting mem-
ber of the Commission and grants the indi-
vidual approval to hold the position; and 
‘‘(B) the annual rate of compensation re-
ceived by the individual from such institution is 
not greater than the amount equal to 49.9% of 
the annual rate of basic pay paid to the indi-
vidual under paragraph (1).’’. 
(e) OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.—Section 204 
of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20924) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(f) OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.—In consulta-
tion with the Office of the Inspector General of the Com-
mission, the Commission shall establish annually a budget 
and a number of full-time equivalent employees for the 
Office of the Inspector General which will ensure that the 
Office has sufficient funding and personnel to carry out 
the duties and responsibilities under section 404 of title 
5, United States Code.’’. 
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121 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend-
ments made by this section shall take effect on October 
1, 2025. 
SEC. 154. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PAYMENTS MADE 
BY ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION. 
(a) EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY OF ELECTION ASSIST-
ANCE COMMISSION TO MAKE ELECTION ADMINISTRATION 
PAYMENTS TO STATES.—No entity of the Federal Govern-
ment other than the Election Assistance Commission may 
make any payment to a State for purposes of admin-
istering elections for Federal office, including obtaining 
election and voting equipment and infrastructure (includ-
ing software), enhancing election and voting technology, 
and making election and voting security improvements, in-
cluding with respect to cybersecurity and infrastructure 
(including software). 
(b) PROHIBITING USE OF PAYMENTS FOR GET-OUT- 
THE-VOTE-ACTIVITY; OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR PAY-
MENTS MADE BY COMMISSION.—Subtitle D of title II of 
the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
part: 
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122 
‘‘PART 7—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 
PAYMENTS 
‘‘SEC. 297. PROHIBITING USE OF PAYMENTS FOR GET-OUT- 
THE-VOTE-ACTIVITY. 
‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—No payment made to a State or 
unit of local government by the Commission under this 
Act or any other Act or any other Federal funds made 
available to a State or unit of local government may be 
used for get-out-the-vote activity. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘get-out- 
the-vote activity’ means, with respect to a payment made 
to a State or unit of local government, any activity which, 
at the time the payment is made, is treated as get-out- 
the-vote-activity under the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 and the regulations promulgated by the Federal 
Election Commission to carry out such Act, or similar ac-
tivity which is targeted, or may be reasonably assumed 
to be targeted, at particular voters and groups of voters 
on the basis of political affiliation, their expected votes, 
their place of residence, or some other demographic fac-
tor.’’. 
(c) REQUIRING DISCLAIMER IN COMMUNICATIONS.— 
Part 7 of subtitle D of title II of such Act, as added by 
subsection (b), is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new section: 
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123 
‘‘SEC. 297A. REQUIRING COMMUNICATIONS FUNDED BY 
PAYMENTS TO INCLUDE DISCLAIMER. 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—If a State or unit of local gov-
ernment disseminates a public communication which was 
developed or disseminated in whole or in part with a pay-
ment made to the State or a unit of local government by 
the Commission under this Act or any other Act, the State 
or unit of local government shall ensure that the commu-
nication includes, in a clear and conspicuous manner, the 
following statement: ‘Paid for using Federal taxpayer 
funds pursuant to the Help America Vote Act’. 
‘‘(b) CLEAR
AND
CONSPICUOUS
MANNER
DE-
SCRIBED.—A statement required under subsection (a) 
shall be considered to be in a clear and conspicuous man-
ner if the statement meets the following requirements: 
‘‘(1) TEXT OR GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS.—In 
the case of a text or graphic communication, the 
statement— 
‘‘(A) appears in letters at least as legible 
as the majority of the text in the communica-
tion; 
‘‘(B) is contained in a printed box set 
apart from the other contents of the commu-
nication; and 
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124 
‘‘(C) is printed with a reasonable degree of 
color contrast between the background and the 
printed statement. 
‘‘(2) AUDIO COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of 
an audio communication, the statement is spoken in 
a clearly audible and intelligible manner at the be-
ginning or end of the communication and lasts at 
least 3 seconds. 
‘‘(3) VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of 
a video communication, the statement— 
‘‘(A) is included at either the beginning or 
the end of the communication; and 
‘‘(B) is made in a written format that 
meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A) 
and (C) of paragraph (1) and appears for at 
least 4 seconds. 
‘‘(4) OTHER COMMUNICATIONS.—In the case of 
any other type of communication, the statement is 
at least as clear and conspicuous as the statement 
specified in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). 
‘‘(c) PUBLIC COMMUNICATION.—In this section, the 
term ‘public communication’ means a communication re-
lating to the administration of an election for Federal of-
fice by means of any broadcast, cable, or satellite commu-
nication, internet communication, newspaper, magazine, 
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125 
outdoor advertising facility, mass mailing, or telephone 
bank to the general public, or any other form of general 
public advertising. 
‘‘SEC. 297B. GUIDANCE ON USE OF PAYMENTS. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRING ESTABLISHMENT AND PUBLICATION 
ON GUIDANCE.—The Commission shall establish and pub-
lish clear guidance on the permissible use of any payments 
made by the Commission to States and units of local gov-
ernment under this Act or any other Act. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR GUIDANCE.—The guidance 
established under this section shall meet the following re-
quirements: 
‘‘(1) The guidance shall be consistent for all 
States and units of local government. 
‘‘(2) The guidance shall be available to the pub-
lic. 
‘‘(3) If the Commission revises any previously 
established and published guidance under this sec-
tion, the revision may not take effect until after the 
next regularly scheduled general election for Federal 
office, and the Commission shall provide and publish 
its reasons for the revision. 
‘‘(c) APPLICATION OF GUIDANCE TO AUDITS.—If the 
Commission conducts any audit of the use of a payment 
to a State or unit of local government, it shall base the 
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126 
audit on the compliance of the State or unit of local gov-
ernment with the applicable guidance under this section 
and the applicable requirements of this Act. 
‘‘(d) UNIFORM TERMS FOR REPORTS.—In coopera-
tion and consultation with States, the Commission shall 
establish a set of uniform terms for States and units of 
local government to use for any reports submitted to the 
Commission on the use of payments made by the Commis-
sion under this Act or any other Act.’’. 
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended by inserting at the end of the items 
relating to subtitle D of title II the following: 
‘‘PART 7—GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PAYMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 297. Prohibiting use of payments for get-out-the-vote-activity. 
‘‘Sec. 297A. Requiring communications funded by payments to include dis-
claimer. 
‘‘Sec. 297B. Guidance on use of payments.’’. 
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend-
ments made by this section shall apply with respect to pay-
ments made on or after the date that is 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 155. EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE STANDARDS BOARD 
AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO CONTRACTS. 
Section 213(c) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20943(c)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
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127 
‘‘(5) 
AUTHORITY
TO
ENTER
INTO
CON-
TRACTS.—The Executive Board of the Standards 
Board may, using amounts already made available 
to the Commission, enter into contracts to employ 
and retain no more than 2 individuals to enable the 
Standards Board to discharge its duties with respect 
to the examination and release of voluntary consider-
ations with respect to the administration of elections 
for Federal offices by the States under section 247, 
except that— 
‘‘(A) no more than 1 individual from the 
same political party may be employed under 
such contracts at the same time; 
‘‘(B) the authority to enter into such con-
tracts shall end on the earlier of the date of the 
release of the considerations or December 31, 
2025; and 
‘‘(C) no additional funds may be appro-
priated to the Commission for the purposes of 
carrying out this paragraph.’’. 
SEC. 156. ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION PRIMARY 
ROLE IN ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ASSIST-
ANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in any other 
provision of law, the Election Assistance Commission 
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128 
shall, with respect to any other entity of the Federal Gov-
ernment, have primary jurisdiction to address issues with 
respect to the administration of elections for Federal of-
fice. 
(b) EXCLUSIVE AUTHORITY OF ELECTION ASSIST-
ANCE COMMISSION TO DEVELOP VOLUNTARY GUIDE-
LINES WITH RESPECT TO VOTING SYSTEMS AND NON-
VOTING TECHNOLOGY.—No entity of the Federal Govern-
ment other than the Election Assistance Commission may 
develop, adopt, issue, or oversee voluntary guidelines with 
respect to voting systems and any related nonvoting elec-
tion technology, as defined in section 298C of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (as added by section 129(b)) 
that are used in elections for Federal office. 
SEC. 157. CLARIFICATION OF THE DUTIES OF THE ELEC-
TION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION. 
Section 202 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20922) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘The Commission shall serve’’ 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall serve’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘including the 
maintenance of a clearinghouse of information on 
the experiences of State and local governments in 
implementing the guidelines and in operating voting 
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129 
systems in general’’ and inserting ‘‘including, in co-
operation with and for the benefit of the States and 
their political subdivisions, the maintenance and op-
eration of a Federal forum for the States and their 
political subdivisions to discuss with other States 
and their political subdivisions their experiences with 
election administration processes, equipment, oper-
ations, training, and scheduling, as well as any other 
useful information relating to State administration 
of elections for Federal office (as described in sub-
section (b))’’; 
(3) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, including 
any related nonvoting election technology, as defined 
in section 298C of the Help America Vote Act of 
2002’’ after ‘‘hardware and software’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new sub-
sections: 
‘‘(b) FEDERAL FORUM FOR DISCUSSION OF ELEC-
TION ADMINISTRATION EXPERIENCES.— 
‘‘(1) MEMBERSHIP.—The membership of the 
Federal forum described in paragraph (1) of sub-
section (a) shall be comprised of the membership of 
the Standards Board and of the Local Leadership 
Council. 
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130 
‘‘(2) MAINTENANCE OF CLEARINGHOUSE.—As 
part of such Federal forum, the Commission shall, 
on behalf of and for the benefit of the States and 
their political subdivisions, maintain and operation a 
national clearinghouse of relevant information devel-
oped by or provided to the Federal forum with re-
spect to State administration of elections for Federal 
office. The Commission may also include other infor-
mation related to election administration that it con-
siders useful to State and local election administra-
tors who administer elections for Federal office, ex-
cept that the Commission may not endorse a private 
third party, the information provided or published by 
a private third party, or use such information in a 
way that suggests that the information was created 
or endorsed by the Commission. 
‘‘(c) 
SPECIAL
RULE
WITH
RESPECT
TO 
PRIORITIZATION OF DUTIES.—The Commission shall— 
‘‘(1) prioritize carrying out the duties described 
in paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) retain personnel qualified to assist the 
Commission in carrying out such duties; and 
‘‘(3) prioritize such duties in all budget re-
quests.’’. 
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131 
SEC. 158. ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION POWERS. 
Section 205 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20925) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection: 
‘‘(f) CONCURRENT TRANSMISSIONS TO CONGRESS.— 
‘‘(1) BUDGET ESTIMATE OR REQUEST.—When-
ever the Commission submits any budget estimate or 
request to the President or the Director of the Of-
fice of Management and Budget, the Commission 
shall concurrently transmit a copy of such estimate 
or request to the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Rules and Administration of the Senate. 
‘‘(2) LEGISLATIVE
RECOMMENDATION, TESTI-
MONY, OR COMMENTS.—Whenever the Commission 
submits any legislative recommendation, testimony, 
or comments on legislation requested by Congress or 
by any Member of Congress to the President or the 
Office of Management and Budget, it shall concur-
rently transmit a copy thereof to Congress or to the 
Member of Congress involved (as the case may be). 
No officer or agency of the United States shall have 
any authority to require the Commission to submit 
its legislative recommendations, testimony, or com-
ments on legislation to any office or agency of the 
United States for approval, comments, or review 
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132 
prior to the submission of such recommendations, 
testimony, or comments to the Congress or Member 
of Congress under the previous sentence.’’. 
SEC. 159. MEMBERSHIP OF THE LOCAL LEADERSHIP COUN-
CIL. 
Subtitle C of title II of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20981 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 248. MEMBERSHIP OF THE LOCAL LEADERSHIP 
COUNCIL. 
‘‘In appointing members of the Local Leadership 
Council, the Commission shall ensure that members who 
represent the same State are not of the same political af-
filiation in their professional capacities and should reflect 
the goal of soliciting diverse opinions and ideas.’’. 
SEC. 160. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this subtitle or the amendments made by 
this subtitle shall be construed as providing the Election 
Assistance Commission with additional regulatory author-
ity, other than the regulatory authority required to carry 
out the requirements and duties under this subtitle and 
the amendments made by this subtitle. 
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133 
Subtitle F—Prohibition on Involve-
ment in Elections by Foreign 
Nationals 
SEC. 161. PROHIBITION ON CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONA-
TIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS IN CONNEC-
TION 
WITH 
BALLOT 
INITIATIVES 
AND 
REFERENDA. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘American Confidence in Elections: Keeping Foreign 
Money out of Ballot Measures Act’’. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘§ 612. Foreign nationals making certain political 
contributions 
‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful for a for-
eign national, directly or indirectly, to make a contribution 
as such term is defined in section 301(8)(A) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8)(A)) 
or donation of money or other thing of value, or to make 
an express or implied promise to make a contribution or 
donation, in connection with a State or local ballot initia-
tive or referendum. 
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