I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3289 
To establish a commission on fiscal responsibility and reform. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 8, 2025 
Mr. HUIZENGA (for himself, Mr. PETERS, Mr. TIMMONS, Mr. CASE, Mr. 
MILLS, Mr. CONAWAY, Mr. BERGMAN, Mr. CUELLAR, Mr. MOORE of 
Utah, Ms. PEREZ, Mr. SMITH of Nebraska, Mr. GOLDEN of Maine, Mr. 
FITZPATRICK, Mr. GRAY, Mr. JOHNSON
of South Dakota, Mr. 
LANDSMAN, Mr. GROTHMAN, Mr. MOSKOWITZ, Mr. SCHWEIKERT, Mr. 
QUIGLEY, Mr. MOOLENAAR, Ms. SCHOLTEN, Mr. ROUZER, Mr. SCHNEI-
DER, Mrs. HOUCHIN, Mr. SUOZZI, Mr. VALADAO, Mr. PANETTA, and Mr. 
BARR) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on the Budget, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period 
to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider-
ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned 
A BILL 
To establish a commission on fiscal responsibility and reform. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fiscal Commission 
Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
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(1) CO-CHAIR.—The term ‘‘co-chair’’ means an 
individual appointed to serve as a co-chair of the 
Fiscal Commission under section 3(a)(3)(B)(i). 
(2) FISCAL
COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Fiscal 
Commission’’ means the commission established 
under section 3(a). 
(3) IMPLEMENTING
BILL.—The term ‘‘imple-
menting bill’’ means a bill or joint resolution con-
sisting solely of the legislative text the Fiscal Com-
mission approves and submits under clauses (i) and 
(v), respectively, of section 3(a)(2)(B). 
(4) OUTSIDE EXPERT.—The term ‘‘outside ex-
pert’’ is an individual who is not an elected official 
or an officer or employee of the Federal Government 
or of any State. 
SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF FISCAL COMMISSION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF FISCAL COMMISSION.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, there 
is established in Congress a Fiscal Commission. 
(B) GOALS.—The goals of the Commission 
shall be to educate, and bring awareness to, the 
American public about the fiscal path the Na-
tion is on, including— 
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(i) educating the American people so 
they understand the fiscal state of the Na-
tion and the cost of not addressing such 
state; and 
(ii) informing the American people 
about the deterioration of our Nation’s fis-
cal health, and that the debt poses a sig-
nificant risk to the Nation’s long-term fis-
cal sustainability with implications for fu-
ture generations. 
(2) DUTIES.— 
(A) IMPROVE FISCAL SITUATION.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Fiscal Com-
mission shall identify policies to— 
(I) meaningfully improve the 
long-term fiscal condition of the Fed-
eral Government, including reducing 
the debt and deficit; 
(II) achieve a sustainable ratio of 
the public debt of the Federal Govern-
ment to the gross domestic product of 
the United States, which shall be not 
more than 100 percent, by fiscal year 
2039; and 
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(III) improve the solvency of 
Federal programs for which a Federal 
trust fund exists for a period of at 
least 75 years. 
(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out 
clause (i), the Fiscal Commission shall, to 
the extent practicable, consider the budg-
etary effects of changes in economic out-
put, employment, capital stock, and other 
macroeconomic variables resulting from 
public and private investments and propose 
recommendations that meaningfully im-
prove the long-term fiscal condition of the 
Federal Government, including— 
(I) changes to address the cur-
rent levels of discretionary appropria-
tions, direct spending, and revenues 
and the gap between current revenues 
and expenditures of the Federal Gov-
ernment; and 
(II) changes to address the 
growth of discretionary appropria-
tions, direct spending, and revenues 
and the gap between the projected 
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revenues and expenditures of the Fed-
eral Government. 
(iii) RECOMMENDATIONS OF COMMIT-
TEES.—Not later than 60 days after the 
date described in paragraph (1), each com-
mittee of the Senate and the House of 
Representatives may transmit to the Fiscal 
Commission any recommendations of the 
committee relating to changes in law to 
further the duties described in clause (ii). 
(iv) INTERIM
REPORT.—The Fiscal 
Commission may meet to consider, and 
vote on, an interim report on— 
(I) any findings, conclusions, or 
recommendations of the Fiscal Com-
mission described in subparagraph 
(A)(i); 
(II) any findings or recommenda-
tions with respect to carrying out the 
goals described in paragraph (1)(B); 
and 
(III) as the Fiscal Commission 
determines appropriate, any findings 
resulting from any hearing held or 
evidence received by the Commission. 
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(B) REPORT IDENTIFIED POLICIES.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding 
paragraph (4)(D)(ii)(II), and consistent 
with clause (vi), not earlier than November 
4, 2026, but not later than November 13, 
2026, the Fiscal Commission shall meet to 
consider, and vote on— 
(I) a report that contains a de-
tailed statement of the findings, con-
clusions, and recommendations of the 
Fiscal Commission described in sub-
paragraph (A)(i) and the estimate of 
the Congressional Budget Office re-
quired under paragraph (4)(D)(ii); 
and 
(II) legislative language to carry 
out the recommendations of the Fiscal 
Commission in the report described in 
subclause (I), which shall include a 
statement of the economic and budg-
etary effects of the recommendations. 
(ii) APPROVAL OF REPORT AND LEG-
ISLATIVE LANGUAGE.—A report and legis-
lative language of the Fiscal Commission 
under clause (i) shall require the approval 
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of a majority of the members of the Fiscal 
Commission, provided that such majority 
shall be required to include not less than 
2 members of the Fiscal Commission ap-
pointed by members of the Republican 
Party and 2 members appointed by mem-
bers of the Democratic party. 
(iii) ADDITIONAL VIEWS.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—A member of 
the Fiscal Commission who gives no-
tice of an intention to file supple-
mental, minority, or additional views 
at the time of the final Fiscal Com-
mission vote on the approval of the re-
port and legislative language of the 
Fiscal Commission under clause (i) 
shall be entitled to 3 days to file those 
views in writing with the staff director 
of the Fiscal Commission. 
(II) INCLUSION
IN
REPORT.— 
Views filed under subclause (I) shall 
be included in the report of the Fiscal 
Commission under clause (i) and 
printed in the same volume, or part 
thereof, and such inclusion shall be 
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noted on the cover of the report, ex-
cept that, in the absence of timely no-
tice, the report may be printed and 
transmitted immediately without such 
views. 
(iv) REPORT AND LEGISLATIVE LAN-
GUAGE TO BE MADE PUBLIC.—Upon the 
approval or disapproval of a report and 
legislative language under clause (i) by the 
Fiscal Commission, the Fiscal Commission 
shall promptly, and not more than 24 
hours after the approval or disapproval or, 
if timely notice is given under clause (iii), 
not more than 24 hours after additional 
views are filed under such clause, make the 
report, the legislative language, and a 
record of the vote on the report and legis-
lative language available to the public. 
(v) SUBMISSION OF REPORT AND LEG-
ISLATIVE LANGUAGE.—If a report and leg-
islative language are approved by the Fis-
cal Commission under clause (i), not later 
than 3 days after the date on which the re-
port and legislative language are made 
available to the public under clause (iv), 
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the Fiscal Commission shall submit the re-
port and legislative language to the Presi-
dent, the Vice President, the Speaker of 
the House of Representatives, and the ma-
jority and minority leaders of each House 
of Congress. 
(vi) EXTENSION.—The Fiscal Com-
mission may extend the deadline set forth 
in clause (i) to April 13, 2027, if the Fis-
cal Commission determines that additional 
time is necessary to complete their duties 
under this Act. Such extension shall re-
quire the approval of a majority of the 
members of the Fiscal Commission, pro-
vided that such majority shall be required 
to include not less than 2 members of the 
Fiscal Commission appointed by members 
of the Republican Party and 2 members 
appointed by members of the Democratic 
party. 
(C) PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—Not 
later than 30 days after the date the Fiscal 
Commission submits the report under para-
graph (2)(B)(v), the Fiscal Commission shall 
complete a national campaign to increase public 
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nority leader of the House of Representa-
tives. 
(B) CO-CHAIRS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 14 
days after the date described in paragraph 
(1), with respect to the Fiscal Commis-
sion— 
(I) the leadership of the Senate 
and House of Representatives of the 
same political party as the President 
shall appoint 1 individual from among 
the members of the Fiscal Commis-
sion who shall serve as a co-chair of 
the Fiscal Commission; and 
(II) the leadership of the Senate 
and House of Representatives of the 
opposite political party as the Presi-
dent shall appoint 1 individual from 
among the members of the Fiscal 
Commission who shall serve as a co- 
chair of the Fiscal Commission. 
(ii) STAFF DIRECTOR.—With respect 
to the Fiscal Commission, the co-chairs of 
the Fiscal Commission, acting jointly, shall 
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hire the staff director of the Fiscal Com-
mission. 
(C) PERIOD OF APPOINTMENT.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The members of 
the Fiscal Commission shall be appointed 
for the life of the Fiscal Commission. 
(ii) VACANCY.— 
(I) IN
GENERAL.—Any vacancy 
in the Fiscal Commission shall not af-
fect the powers of the Fiscal Commis-
sion, but shall be filled not later than 
14 days after the date on which the 
vacancy occurs, in the same manner 
as the original appointment was 
made. 
(II) INELIGIBLE MEMBERS.—If a 
member of the Fiscal Commission who 
was appointed as a Member of the 
Senate or the House Representatives 
ceases to be a Member of the Senate 
or the House of Representatives, as 
applicable— 
(aa) the member shall no 
longer be a member of the Fiscal 
Commission; and 
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(bb) a vacancy in the Fiscal 
Commission exists. 
(4) ADMINISTRATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—With respect to the 
Fiscal Commission, to enable the Fiscal Com-
mission to exercise the powers, functions, and 
duties of the Fiscal Commission, there are au-
thorized to be disbursed by the Senate the ac-
tual and necessary expenses of the Fiscal Com-
mission approved by the co-chairs of the Fiscal 
Commission, subject to the rules and regula-
tions of the Senate. 
(B) EXPENSES.—With respect to the Fis-
cal Commission, in carrying out the functions of 
the Fiscal Commission, the Fiscal Commission 
is authorized to incur expenses in the same 
manner and under the same conditions as the 
Joint Economic Committee is authorized under 
section 11(d) of the Employment Act of 1946 
(15 U.S.C. 1024(d)). 
(C) QUORUM.—With respect to the Fiscal 
Commission, 7 members of the Fiscal Commis-
sion shall constitute a quorum for purposes of 
voting, meeting, and holding hearings. Outside 
experts shall not count for purposes of deter-
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mining whether there is a quorum under this 
subparagraph. 
(D) VOTING.— 
(i) PROXY VOTING.—No proxy voting 
shall be allowed on behalf of any member 
of the Fiscal Commission. 
(ii) CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE 
ESTIMATES.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—The Director 
of the Congressional Budget Office 
shall, with respect to the legislative 
language of the Fiscal Commission 
under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II), provide 
to the Fiscal Commission— 
(aa) estimates of the legisla-
tive language in accordance with 
sections 308(a) and 201(f) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 
1974 (2 U.S.C. 639(a) and 
601(f)); and 
(bb) 
information 
on 
the 
budgetary effects of the legisla-
tive language on the long-term 
fiscal outlook. 
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(II) 
LIMITATION.—The 
Fiscal 
Commission may not vote on any 
version of the report, recommenda-
tions, or legislative language of the 
Fiscal Commission under paragraph 
(2)(B)(i) unless the estimates and in-
formation described in subclause (I) 
of this clause are made available for 
consideration by all members of the 
Fiscal Commission not later than 48 
hours before that vote, as certified by 
the co-chairs of the Fiscal Commis-
sion. 
(iii) LIMITATIONS
ON
OUTSIDE
EX-
PERTS.—Only members of the Fiscal Com-
mission who are Members of the Senate or 
the House of Representatives may vote on 
any matter of the Fiscal Commission. An 
outside expert serving as a member of the 
Fiscal Commission shall be a nonvoting 
member. 
(E) MEETINGS.— 
(i) INITIAL MEETING.—Not later than 
45 days after the date described in para-
graph (1), the Fiscal Commission shall 
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