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SEC. 1250. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS PEND-
ING PLAN REGARDING DELIVERY OF HAR-
POON MISSILES AND OTHER COASTAL DE-
FENSE CAPABILITIES TO SECURITY PART-
NERS. 
(a) LIMITATION.—Of the funds authorized to be ap-
propriated by this Act or otherwise made available for fis-
cal year 2024, and available for the Office of the Secretary 
of Defense for the travel of persons, not more than 90 
percent may be obligated or expended until the date on 
which the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment submits to the congressional defense commit-
tees the plan required under subsection (b). 
(b) PLAN REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment shall develop and implement a plan to 
provide covered Harpoon missiles to security part-
ners pursuant to the authority provided under sec-
tion 506 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2318). 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The plan under paragraph (1) 
shall address the following: 
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(A) Lessons learned from any similar expe-
riences in support of military forces of security 
partners in 2022. 
(B) Consultation with private industry. 
(C) Use of existing ground-based launch-
ers. 
(D) Use of existing vehicles of the Federal 
Government. 
(E) Integration and modernization of re-
quired systems. 
(F) Any security risks, challenges, and 
mitigation steps required. 
(G) Expected costs. 
(H) A timeline for the delivery of covered 
Harpoon missiles to security partners. 
(3) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment, shall submit to the congressional de-
fense committees the plan required under paragraph 
(1). 
(c) COVERED HARPOON MISSILE DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘covered Harpoon missile’’ means a 
block IC Harpoon missile designated with a ‘‘sundown’’, 
‘‘deep stow’’, or ‘‘demilitarized’’ condition code and in-
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cludes missiles with that designation that have been re-
moved from surface vessels of the Navy. 
TITLE 
XIII—OTHER 
MATTERS 
RELATING TO FOREIGN NA-
TIONS. 
Subtitle A—Matters Relating to the 
Indo-Pacific and Pacific Regions 
SEC. 1301. EXTENSION OF PACIFIC DETERRENCE INITIA-
TIVE AND REPORT, BRIEFINGS, AND PLAN 
UNDER THE INITIATIVE. 
(a) EXTENSION OF INITIATIVE.—Subsection (c) of 
section 1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 
U.S.C. 113 note) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2023’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2024’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2023’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2024’’. 
(b) EXTENSION OF REPORT AND BRIEFINGS.—Sub-
section (d) of such section is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ‘‘fiscal 
years 2024 and 2025’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 
2025 and 2026’’; and 
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(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘fiscal years 
2023 and 2024’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘fiscal years 2025 and 2026’’. 
(c) EXTENSION OF PLAN.—Subsection (e) of such 
section is amended by striking ‘‘fiscal years 2023 and 
2024’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 2025 and 2026’’. 
SEC. 1302. INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT AND REPORT ON 
THE PROGRESS MADE UNDER THE PACIFIC 
DETERRENCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall select and enter into an agreement 
with a federally funded research and development 
center, or another appropriate independent entity, 
with expertise on defense matters pertaining to the 
Indo-Pacific region to conduct an assessment of the 
Department of Defense activities carried out pursu-
ant to the Pacific Deterrence Initiative established 
under section 1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thorn-
berry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2021. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The assess-
ment required by paragraph (1) shall include up-
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dates on the current state of defense posture in the 
Indo-Pacific region, to include— 
(A) base infrastructure and resiliency ef-
forts; 
(B) prepositioned equipment and muni-
tions stocks; 
(C) investments required to address con-
tested logistics; 
(D) the status of current and planned mili-
tary construction; 
(E) the planned Indo-Pacom exercise 
schedule and joint operations; 
(F) whether Pacific Deterrence Initiative 
funding has aligned with the purpose described 
in section 1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thorn-
berry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021; and 
(G) any recommendations to improve the 
Department of Defense’s posture, resiliency, 
presence, or lethality in the Indo-Pacific region 
that may be advisable together with analysis of 
the feasibility of implementing such rec-
ommendations. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the independent entity se-
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lected under subsection (a) shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report on the findings of the 
assessment conducted under that subsection. 
(c) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT.—The Sec-
retary of Defense shall provide the independent entity se-
lected under subsection (a) with timely access to appro-
priate information, data, resources, and analyses nec-
essary for the independent entity to conduct the assess-
ment required by that subsection in a thorough and inde-
pendent manner. 
SEC. 1303. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SOUTH KOREA. 
It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of De-
fense should reinforce the United States alliance with the 
Republic of Korea, including by maintaining the presence 
of approximately 28,500 members of the United States 
Armed Forces deployed to the country and affirming the 
United States commitment to extended deterrence using 
the full range of United States defense capabilities, and 
with deeper coordination on nuclear deterrence as high-
lighted in the Washington Declaration adopted by the two 
leaders during President Yoon Suk Yeol’s state visit on 
April 26, 2023, consistent with the Mutual Defense Treaty 
Between the United States and the Republic of Korea, 
signed at Washington, October 1, 1953, in support of the 
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shared objective of a peaceful and stable Korean Peninsula 
and a free, peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific region. 
SEC. 1304. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TAIWAN DEFENSE RE-
LATIONS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96– 
8; 22 U.S.C. et seq.) and the Six Assurances pro-
vided by the United States to Taiwan in July 1982 
are the foundation for United States-Taiwan rela-
tions; 
(2) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the United States decision to establish diplomatic re-
lations with the People’s Republic of China rests 
upon the expectation that the future of Taiwan will 
be determined by peaceful means, and that any ef-
fort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than 
peaceful means, including boycotts and embargoes, 
is of grave concern to the United States; 
(3) the increasingly coercive and aggressive be-
havior of the People’s Republic of China toward Tai-
wan is contrary to the expectation of the peaceful 
resolution of the future of Taiwan; 
(4) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the capacity to resist any resort to force or other 
forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, 
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or the social or economic system, of the people on 
Taiwan should be maintained; 
(5) the United States should continue to sup-
port the development of capable, ready, and modern 
defense forces necessary for Taiwan to maintain suf-
ficient defensive capabilities, including by— 
(A) supporting acquisition by Taiwan of 
defense articles and services through foreign 
military sales, direct commercial sales, and in-
dustrial cooperation, with an emphasis on capa-
bilities that support an asymmetric strategy; 
(B) ensuring timely review of and response 
to requests of Taiwan for defense articles and 
services; 
(C) conducting practical training and mili-
tary exercises with Taiwan that enable Taiwan 
to maintain sufficient defensive capabilities, as 
described in the Taiwan Relations Act; 
(D) exchanges between defense officials 
and officers of the United States and Taiwan at 
the strategic, policy, and functional levels, con-
sistent with the Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 
115–135; 132 Stat. 341), especially for the pur-
poses of— 
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(i) enhancing cooperation on defense 
planning; 
(ii) improving the interoperability of 
the military forces of the United States 
and Taiwan; and 
(iii) improving the reserve force of 
Taiwan; 
(E) cooperating with Taiwan to improve its 
ability to employ military capabilities in asym-
metric ways, as described in the Taiwan Rela-
tions Act; and 
(F) expanding cooperation in humanitarian 
assistance and disaster relief; and 
(6) the United States should increase its sup-
port to a free and open society in the face of aggres-
sive efforts by the Government of the People’s Re-
public of China to curtail or influence the free exer-
cise of rights and democratic franchise. 
SEC. 1305. BRIEFING ON MULTI-YEAR PLAN TO FULFILL DE-
FENSIVE 
REQUIREMENTS 
OF 
MILITARY 
FORCES OF TAIWAN. 
(a) BRIEFING REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of State and 
the Director of National Intelligence, shall brief the appro-
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priate congressional committees on the status of the ef-
forts to develop and implement the joint multi-year plan 
to fulfill defensive requirements of military forces of Tai-
wan required under section 5506 of the James M. Inhofe 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 
(Public Law 117–263; 22 U.S.C. 3355). 
(b) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
SEC. 1306. MODIFICATION TO THE AMERICAN, BRITISH, CA-
NADIAN, AND AUSTRALIAN ARMIES’ PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1274(a) of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (10 
U.S.C. 2350a(a) note) is amended by inserting ‘‘or the 
air force program known as the Five Eyes Air Force Inter-
operability Council’’ after ‘‘the American, British, Cana-
dian, and Australian Armies’ Program’’. 
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(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The heading of section 
1274 of such Act (and the entry in the table of contents 
for such Act corresponding to such section 1274) is 
amended to read as follows: ‘‘Administration of the Amer-
ican, British, Canadian, and Australian Armies’ Program 
and the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council’’. 
SEC. 1307. MODIFICATIONS TO INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT 
PROTECTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY ACA-
DEMIC RESEARCHERS FROM UNDUE INFLU-
ENCE AND OTHER SECURITY THREATS. 
(a) PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.—Section 1286 
of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 
4001 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(10)(A) The development and implementation 
of measures of effectiveness and performance to as-
sess and track progress of the Department in car-
rying out the initiative. 
‘‘(B) In developing and implementing such 
measures, the Secretary— 
‘‘(i) shall seek independent advice and 
guidance to ensure such measures— 
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‘‘(I) align with the measures of effec-
tiveness and performance used in other re-
search security initiatives of the Federal 
Government; and 
‘‘(II) incorporate relevant input from 
institutions of higher education and other 
entities in academic community; and 
‘‘(ii) shall consider— 
‘‘(I) the quality of data available to 
support assessments based on such meas-
ures, including identification of any areas 
in which gaps in the data available to the 
Secretary may require collection of new 
data or modifications to existing data sets; 
‘‘(II) available means and methods for 
the automated collection of such data, in-
cluding identification of areas in which 
gaps exist that may require the develop-
ment of new means and methods of data 
collection or data visualization; and 
‘‘(III) development of an analysis and 
assessment methodology framework that 
incorporates the measures developed under 
this paragraph while also taking into ac-
count, to the extent appropriate, other 
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methods of assessing undue foreign influ-
ence on Department of Defense research 
activities, such as commercial due diligence 
and the analysis of beneficial ownership, 
foreign ownership, and foreign control and 
influence.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)(2), by adding at the end 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(G) Based on the measures of effective-
ness and performance developed under sub-
section (c)(10)— 
‘‘(i) an evaluation of the effectiveness 
of the initiative and the Department’s per-
formance during the period covered by the 
report; and 
‘‘(ii) an assessment of whether and to 
what extent the implementation of such 
measures affected the ability of the De-
partment to achieve the goals of the initia-
tive.’’. 
(b) INSTITUTIONAL
RESEARCH
SECURITY
PRO-
GRAMS.—Such section 1286 is further amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub-
section (i); and 
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(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(h) INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH SECURITY PRO-
GRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each institution of higher 
education that receives more than $50,000,000 in 
funds in a fiscal year from the Department of De-
fense for defense research and engineering activities 
shall, as a condition of receiving such funds, estab-
lish and maintain a research security policies relat-
ing to managing security risks relating to such de-
fense research and engineering activities in accord-
ance with the National Security Presidential Memo-
randum 33 (relating to research security) issued by 
the President on January 14, 2021. 
‘‘(2) ELEMENTS.—Each research security pro-
gram under paragraph (1) shall include, at a min-
imum, measures to address— 
‘‘(A) cybersecurity; 
‘‘(B) foreign travel security; 
‘‘(C) insider threat awareness; and 
‘‘(D) export controls. 
‘‘(3) CERTIFICATION.—On an annual basis each 
institution subject to paragraph (1) shall certify to 
the Secretary of Defense that the institution has im-
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plemented the research security program required 
under such paragraph.’’. 
SEC. 1308. MODIFICATION OF INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT PRO-
TECTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY ACADEMIC 
RESEARCHERS 
FROM 
UNDUE 
INFLUENCE 
AND OTHER SECURITY THREATS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1286(c)(8)(A)(iii) of the 
John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note) is amended— 
(1) in subclause (I), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; and 
(2) by adding at the end of the following: 
‘‘(III) to provide documented support 
to a defense or an intelligence agency of 
the applicable country; or’’. 
(b) PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds author-
ized to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise 
made available for fiscal year 2024 or any subse-
quent fiscal year for the Department of Defense for 
research, development, test, and evaluation may be 
provided to an entity that maintains a contract be-
tween the entity and an academic institution of the 
People’s Republic of China, the Russian Federation, 
or another country that— 
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(A) is identified on the list developed under 
section 1286(c)(8)(A) of the John S. McCain 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2019 (10 U.S.C. 4001 note) (as amended 
by subsection (a)); and 
(B) is included on such list because the in-
stitution meets the criteria specified in clause 
(ii) or clause (iii) of such section. 
(2) WAIVER.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of De-
fense may waive the prohibition under para-
graph (1) with respect to an entity, on a case- 
by-case basis, if the Secretary determines that 
such a waiver is appropriate. 
(B) REPORTING.—Not later than 30 days 
after issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), 
the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the Senate 
and the House of Representatives a report that 
explains the Secretary’s reasons for issuing the 
waiver. 
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SEC. 1309. EXPANSION OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 
FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS AND EXPERIMEN-
TATION ACTIVITIES IN THE INDO-PACIFIC. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall develop a plan and roadmap to— 
(1) expand international technology-focused 
partnerships, agreements, and experimentation ac-
tivities in the Indo-Pacific region in order to— 
(A) accelerate the creation and fielding of 
new capabilities and critical technologies as out-
lined in the National Defense Science and 
Technology Strategy, as directed by section 211 
of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117-81), con-
sistent with the strategic plans of the Depart-
ment of Defense with respect to the activities of 
Indo-Pacific Command; 
(B) leverage the technological and manu-
facturing capabilities of private sector and gov-
ernment organizations in the United States and 
international partners; 
(C) identify opportunities for cost sharing 
and financial and non-financial contributions by 
partner countries for activities to develop and 
deploy new operational capabilities; and 
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(D) coordinate with partner countries and 
their agencies that are currently involved, or 
could become involved, in co-production of capa-
bilities; 
(2) enhance capabilities, including those capa-
bilities which use unmanned platforms, using lessons 
learned from Task Force-59, to— 
(A) respond to grey zone activity; and 
(B) enhance Indo-Pacific partner capacity 
to protect national resources against illegal fish-
ing and resource extraction; and 
(3) identify and accelerate the fielding of new 
capabilities and critical technologies that would im-
prove Taiwan’s self-defense capabilities. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to affect section 112b(b) of title 
1, United States Code. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 270 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall provide the congressional defense committees a brief-
ing on the plan and roadmap required under subsection 
(a). 
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SEC. 1310. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EMERGING TECH-
NOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES INDO-PA-
CIFIC STRATEGY. 
It is in the Sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States has been a steadfast re-
gional ally in the Indo-Pacific and must do our part 
to extend and modernize our capabilities to defend 
our interests and deter aggression against our allies 
and partners, in accordance with the United States- 
Indo-Pacific Strategy; 
(2) the Secretary of Defense, in coordination 
with the Secretary of State and the heads of other 
relevant departments and agencies, should continue 
efforts that strengthen United States defense alli-
ances and partnerships in the Indo-Pacific region, 
including by— 
(A) prioritizing critical and emerging tech-
nology partnerships as an imperative for Amer-
ica’s regional alliances and national security in-
terests in the Indo-Pacific region; and 
(B) bolstering innovation for dual-use tech-
nologies to ensure the United States military 
can operate in rapidly evolving digital threat en-
vironments and emerging-technology areas; 
(3) the Department of Defense and the Depart-
ment of State should focus on the ongoing and 
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emerging dual-use technology partnerships with pri-
ority countries, including— 
(A) Australia and the United Kingdom 
through AUKUS Pillar II; 
(B) Japan and the Republic of Korea; 
(C) India through the United States-India 
Critical 
and 
Emerging 
Tech 
Partnership; 
(iCET); and 
(D) ASEAN security partners; 
(4) the Secretary of Defense should seek to 
prioritize cooperative research, co-development, and 
testing with Indo-Pacific allies and partners in the 
areas of— 
(A) microelectronics; 
(B) cybersecurity; 
(C) artificial intelligence; 
(D) sensing and surveillance; and 
(E) data security and secure information 
sharing; and 
(5) the Offices of the Secretary of Defense for 
Policy, Research and Engineering, Acquisition and 
Sustainment, and the Services should conduct a 90- 
day review of paths to strengthen tech cooperation 
with the priority countries, and report back with ac-
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tions Congress can take to support such initiatives 
within 90 days of such review. 
SEC. 1310A. REPORT ON REESTABLISHMENT OF CIVIC AC-
TION TEAMS IN PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for 
Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, in coordination with Com-
mander of United State Indo-Pacific Command, shall sub-
mit to the congressional defense committees a report con-
taining— 
(1) an assessment of the feasibility and advis-
ability of reestablishing civic action teams in the Re-
public of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia, as authorized under the Com-
pact of Free Association Act of 1985 (Public Law 
99–239), the Palau Compact of Free Association 
Act (Public Law 99–658), and the Compact of Free 
Association Amendments Act of 2003 (Public Law 
108–188), including the estimated costs, potential 
activities of joint interest to the Department of De-
fense and the host countries, and the timeline need-
ed to set up new teams; and 
(2) an assessment of the benefits and chal-
lenges of establishing civic action teams in each of— 
(A) the Cook Islands; 
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(B) Fiji; 
(C) Kiribati; 
(D) Nauru; 
(E) Niue; 
(F) Papua New Guinea; 
(G) Samoa; 
(H) Solomon Islands; 
(I) Tonga; 
(J) Tuvalu; and 
(K) Vanuatu. 
SEC. 1310B. MODIFICATION OF PILOT PROGRAM TO DE-
VELOP YOUNG CIVILIAN DEFENSE LEADERS 
IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION. 
Section 1261 of the James M. Inhofe National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (10 U.S.C. 
311 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘or other ap-
propriate ministries with a security mission’’ after 
‘‘civilian leaders in foreign partner ministries of de-
fense’’ each place it appears; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by inserting ‘‘or civilian 
leaders from other appropriate ministries with a se-
curity mission’’ after ‘‘civilian defense leaders from 
foreign partner ministries of defense’’. 
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SEC. 1310C. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that the United States 
and Taiwan should explore all measures to expand Tai-
wan’s source of energy and harden Taiwan’s facilities, in-
cluding exploring nuclear power. 
SEC. 1310D. UNITED STATES-TAIWAN COMBINED PLANNING 
GROUP STUDY AND REPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall— 
(1) conduct a study of the feasibility and advis-
ability of establishing the United States-Taiwan 
Combined Planning Group or an alternative mecha-
nism; and 
(2) submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate, a report that contains the 
results of the study. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The study required by subsection 
(a) shall consider— 
(1) the necessary resources, organizational ele-
ments, and roles and responsibilities associated with 
the potential establishment of the United States-Tai-
wan Combined Planning Group or an alternative 
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mechanism, as well as any other relevant consider-
ations determined by the Secretaries; 
(2) a timetable for establishing a United States- 
Taiwan Combined Planning Group or an alternative 
mechanism, if determined feasible and advisable; 
(3) any barriers that would make the establish-
ment of a United States-Taiwan Combined Planning 
Group or an alternative mechanism infeasible or in-
advisable, together with any recommended steps for 
mitigation; 
(4) whether a United States-Taiwan Combined 
Planning Group or an alternative mechanism would 
improve Taiwan’s planning processes for developing 
Taiwan’s defense force requirements or efficiencies 
in Taiwan’s defense procurements and investments; 
(5) whether a United States-Taiwan Combined 
Planning Group or an alternative mechanism would 
facilitate the provision of defense articles and de-
fense services to Taiwan; 
(6) whether a United States-Taiwan Combined 
Planning Group or an alternative mechanism would 
enhance combined training and exercises with Tai-
wan; and 
(7) whether a United States-Taiwan Combined 
Planning Group or an alternative mechanism would 
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reinforce the deterrent effect of Taiwan’s self-de-
fense capability. 
SEC. 1310E. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON LIAISONS WITH TAI-
WAN. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) building trust and familiarity between the 
United States and Taiwan is an important compo-
nent of helping Taiwan improve its self-defense ca-
pabilities; 
(2) strengthening working-level communication 
and coordination among United States and Tai-
wanese elements would enhance the effectiveness of 
the United States’ provision of defense articles to 
Taiwan, joint military exercises with Taiwan, and 
other efforts to improve Taiwan’s self-defense capa-
bilities; and 
(3) the Secretary of Defense should utilize ex-
isting authorities to facilitate communication and co-
ordination, including relating to— 
(A) maximizing the deterrent effects of the 
United States’ provision of defense articles to 
Taiwan and of Taiwan’s domestic defense pro-
curements and investments; 
(B) conducting exercises that involve com-
plex challenges in multiple warfare domains; 
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(C) concepts of operation and tactics, tech-
niques, and procedures to improve Taiwan’s 
self-defense capabilities; and 
(D) helping Taiwan to meet its needs re-
lating to energy security, cyber defense of its 
critical infrastructure, resilience of its commu-
nications systems, defense against malign influ-
ence and information operations, and stock-
piling of critical munitions and other appro-
priate defense articles. 
SEC. 1310F. INVITATION TO TAIWAN TO THE RIM OF THE 
PACIFIC EXERCISE. 
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall extend 
an invitation to the naval forces of Taiwan to fully partici-
pate in the Rim of the Pacific exercise conducted in 2024. 
SEC. 1310G. REPORT ON FEASIBILITY OF PROVIDING AS-
SISTANCE TO TAIWAN IN DEVELOPING AN 
ASYMMETRIC NAVAL SELF-DEFENSE CAPA-
BILITY. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 
in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal 
departments and agencies, shall submit a classified report, 
along with an unclassified summary, to the appropriate 
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congressional committees that contains an assessment 
of— 
(1) the feasibility of providing assistance to 
Taiwan in developing an asymmetric naval self-de-
fense capability; 
(2) whether Taiwan’s self-defense capability 
would be enhanced by small, high-speed, long-range 
(200 or more nautical miles), extreme-weather-capa-
ble, reduced-radar-signature boats with the capacity 
for launching missiles, addressing subsurface threats 
or delivering and recovering small troop units to 
coastal and littoral locations in the vicinity of the 
Taiwan Strait, and, if so, in what number and in 
what configurations; 
(3) whether existing and planned Tuo Chiang 
class catamaran-hulled corvettes are naval assets ca-
pable of contributing to an effective asymmetric 
naval self-defense strategy; and 
(4) the effectiveness of Taiwan’s existing larger- 
platform surface naval fleet, including Keelung-class 
destroyers, Cheung Kung-class frigates, Chi Yang- 
class frigates, and Kang Ding-class frigates for self- 
defense; and 
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(b) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—For purposes of subsection (a), the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1310H. STUDY ON DETERMINATION OF DEFENSE 
NEEDS OF TAIWAN. 
(a) STUDY.—The Secretary of Defense, in collabora-
tion with the Commander of the United States Indo-Pa-
cific Command, shall conduct a study on the defense needs 
of Taiwan and the potential loan and lease of defense arti-
cles to the Government of Taiwan. Such study shall ad-
dress the following: 
(1) An initial assessment of the defense articles 
that are appropriate for such loan or lease. 
(2) An assessment of any supply chain or other 
logistical challenges associated with the loan or lease 
of defense articles identified pursuant to paragraph 
(1). 
(3) A discussion of expected timeframes for the 
provision to the Government of Taiwan of defense 
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articles identified pursuant to paragraph (1), includ-
ing— 
(A) expected timelines for the delivery of 
such defense articles; and 
(B) expected timelines for the full integra-
tion of such defense articles by the military of 
Taiwan, such that the military of Taiwan is 
able to effectively use defense articles so deliv-
ered in the event of a conflict with the People’s 
Republic of China. 
(4) Such other matters as the Secretary may 
consider appropriate. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense, in collaboration with the Commander of 
the United States Indo-Pacific Command, shall sub-
mit to Congress a report containing the findings of 
the study under subsection (a). 
(2) FORM.—The report under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
(c) DEFENSE ARTICLE DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘defense article’’ has the meaning given that 
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term in section 47 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2794). 
SEC. 1310I. LIMITATION ON CERTAIN MAPS. 
None of the funds authorized to by appropriated by 
this Act may be used to create, procure, or display any 
map that depicts Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, Penghu, 
Wuciou, Green Island, or Orchid Island as part of the ter-
ritory of the People’s Republic of China. 
SEC. 1310J. LIMITATION ON FUNDS. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or 
otherwise made available by this Act may be used to pro-
mote a ‘‘one country, two systems’’ solution for Taiwan. 
SEC. 1310K. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS WITH RESPECT 
TO TAIWAN MILITARY OFFICERS. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act or otherwise made available to the Department 
of Defense may be used to forbid active duty military offi-
cers of Taiwan from wearing their uniforms during visits 
to the United States. 
SEC. 1310L. OVERSIGHT OF TAIWAN ENHANCED RESIL-
IENCE ACT. 
(a) OVERSIGHT OF TAIWAN SECURITY PROGRAMS.— 
Section 5502 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117– 
263; 136 Stat. 2395; 22 U.S.C. 3351) is amended— 
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(1) in subsection (e)(2)(A), by inserting ‘‘not 
later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2024 and’’ before ‘‘not less than annually’’; and 
(2) in subsection (f)(2)— 
(A) in subparagraph (L), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(B) in subparagraph (M), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(N) a description of actions taken to es-
tablish or expand a comprehensive training pro-
gram with Taiwan pursuant to section 5504; 
‘‘(O) a description of actions taken to es-
tablish a joint consultative mechanism with ap-
propriate officials of Taiwan, and the multi-year 
plan to provide for the acquisition of appro-
priate defensive capabilities by Taiwan, pursu-
ant to section 5506 ; and 
‘‘(P) the list compiled pursuant to section 
5507(a), and a description of actions taken pur-
suant to sections 5507(b) and 5507(c).’’. 
(b) OVERSIGHT OF REGIONAL CONTINGENCY STOCK-
PILE FOR TAIWAN.—Section 5503 of the James M. Inhofe 
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National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 
(Public Law 117–263; 136 Stat. 2395) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DE-
FINED.—In subsection (d), the term ‘‘appropriate commit-
tees of Congress’’ means— 
‘‘(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
‘‘(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate.’’. 
SEC. 1310M. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON DEFENSE INTEL-
LIGENCE SHARING BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC 
OF KOREA, JAPAN, AND TAIWAN. 
It is the sense of the Congress that defense intel-
ligence sharing between the United States and the Repub-
lic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, is crucial for identifying 
and countering the malign activities of the People’s Re-
public of China and the Democratic People’s Republic of 
Korea, that threaten the interests of the United States, 
our allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region. 
SEC. 1310N. REPORT ON DEFENSE SUPPORT FOR TAIWAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
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containing an evaluation of the Foreign Military Sales 
(FMS) processes across all military services for the provi-
sion of defense articles, defense services, and training to 
Taiwan pursuant to the Taiwan Relations Act (22 U.S.C. 
3301 et seq.). 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Such report shall 
contain the following: 
(1) A description of price and availability data 
with respect to the provision of defense articles, de-
fense services, and training requested by Taiwan 
during the 2-year period preceding the report. 
(2) A description of timelines from price and 
availability data requested to price and availability 
data provided to Taiwan of articles, services, and 
training described in paragraph (1), including an 
identification of the specific service lead associated 
with the provision of such articles, services, and 
training. 
(3) A description of when articles, services, and 
training described in paragraph (1) were provided to 
the Department of State for FMS authorization. 
(4) An evaluation of military training activities 
conducted with Taiwan during the 2-year period pre-
ceding the report, including— 
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(A) the objectives of such training activi-
ties; 
(B) funding authority, unless national 
funds were applied; and 
(C) an evaluation of the effectiveness of 
such training activities, including the strengths 
and weaknesses in Taiwan’s capacity to absorb 
the training provided. 
(5) A description of the articles, services, and 
training described in paragraph (1) planned to be 
provided to Taiwan during the 1-year period after 
the period covered by the report. 
(6) A description of the timeframe from De-
partment of State authorization to Taiwan signature 
on the Letter of Offer and Acceptance of articles, 
services, and training described in paragraph (1) 
and information on delays in concluding a Letter of 
Offer and Acceptance. 
(7) A description of timelines the Department 
of Defense took to work with United States industry 
in entering into contracts associated articles, serv-
ices, and training described in paragraph (1), includ-
ing a description of the average timeframes for Let-
ters of Offer and Acceptance. 
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(8) A description of the timeliness of Depart-
ment of Defense components’ reporting of deliveries 
articles, services, and training described in para-
graph (1). 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
may include a classified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate commit-
tees of Congress’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
Subtitle B—Matters Relating to 
China 
SEC. 1311. MODIFICATIONS TO PUBLIC REPORTING OF CHI-
NESE MILITARY COMPANIES OPERATING IN 
THE UNITED STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section 1260H 
of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) 
is amended by adding at the end the following sentence: 
‘‘The Secretary of Defense shall also consider information 
related to a Chinese military company operating directly 
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or indirectly in the United States or any of its territories 
and possessions that is provided jointly by the chair and 
ranking member of any of the congressional defense com-
mittees in making such determinations.’’. 
(b) INCLUSION
IN ANNUAL REPORT.—Subsection 
(b)(1) of such section 1260H is amended— 
(1) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing a semicolon; 
(2) by striking ‘‘as applicable, an explanation’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘as applicable— 
‘‘(A) an explanation’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(B) an identification of each entity in-
cluded in the list pursuant to information pro-
vided by the chair and ranking member of a 
congressional defense committee and considered 
in accordance with subsection (c); and 
‘‘(C) with respect to each entity considered 
for inclusion in the list pursuant to such infor-
mation, and with respect to which the Secretary 
of Defense determined that the entity did not 
meet the criteria for inclusion, a justification 
for such determination.’’. 
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SEC. 1312. MODIFICATION TO ANNUAL REPORT ON MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS IN-
VOLVING 
THE 
PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC 
OF 
CHINA. 
Section 1202(b)(3)(C) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(C) Relations between— 
‘‘(i) the People’s Republic of China 
and the Russian Federation, including les-
sons learned by the People’s Republic of 
China from the Russian Federation, with 
respect to security and military matters, 
including— 
‘‘(I) China’s support for Russia’s 
invasion of Ukraine; and 
‘‘(II) any arms or related mate-
riel, or dual-use goods, services, or 
technology that China sells or other-
wise exports to the Russian Federa-
tion for use in weapons systems in 
Ukraine; and 
‘‘(ii) the People’s Republic of China 
and Iran, with respect to security and mili-
tary matters.’’. 
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SEC. 1313. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR WORK 
PERFORMED BY ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC., 
IN CHINA ON RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY THE 
GOVERNMENT OF CHINA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided under sub-
section (b), none of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated by this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal 
year 2024 for the Department of Defense may be used 
to fund any work to be performed by EcoHealth Alliance, 
Inc., in China on research supported by the government 
of China, including to provide any grants for such pur-
pose. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense may waive 
the prohibition under subsection (a) if the Secretary deter-
mines that such a waiver is in the national security inter-
ests of the United States and, not later than 14 days after 
granting such a waiver, submits to the congressional de-
fense committees and the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce of the House of Representatives a detailed justifica-
tion for the waiver, including— 
(1) an identification of the Department of De-
fense entity obligating or expending the funds; 
(2) an identification of the amount of such 
funds; 
(3) an identification of the intended purpose of 
such funds; 
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(4) an identification of the recipient or prospec-
tive recipient of such funds (including any third- 
party entity recipient, as applicable); 
(5) an explanation for how the waiver is in the 
national security interests of the United States; and 
(6) any other information the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
SEC. 1314. STUDY AND REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF 
NAVAL BLOCKADES OF SHIPMENTS OF FOS-
SIL FUELS TO CHINA IN EVENT OF ARMED 
CONFLICT. 
(a) STUDY AND REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall submit to Congress a report that contains 
the findings of a study on the feasibility of implementing 
one or more naval blockades of shipments of fossil fuels 
to China in the event of an armed conflict between the 
United States and China. Such report shall include— 
(1) a description of— 
(A) the requirements for such a blockade 
to effectively block such shipments; 
(B) methods China could use to ship fossil 
fuels using air and land routes after such a 
blockade is implemented; and 
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(C) for each waterway specified in clauses 
(i) through (iv) of paragraph (2)(A), how such 
a blockade would be implemented in such wa-
terway; and 
(2) an assessment of— 
(A) the suitability of strategic waterways 
in the proximity of China as a location for such 
a blockade, including— 
(i) the Strait of Malacca; 
(ii) the Taiwan Strait; 
(iii) the Sunda Strait; 
(iv) the South China Sea; and 
(v) the East China Sea; and 
(B) the capability of China to satisfy needs 
for fossil fuels in China after such a blockade 
is implemented through methods that include— 
(i) the use of existing stockpiles of 
fossil fuels; 
(ii) the rationing of fossil fuels; and 
(iii) the reliance on existing or 
planned cross-border oil and gas pipelines 
to ship fossil fuels. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
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SEC. 1315. INDEPENDENT STUDY ON DEFENSE BUDGET OF 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
(a) INDEPENDENT STUDY REQUIRED.—Not later 
than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Defense shall seek to enter into an agree-
ment with an entity independent of the Department of De-
fense under which such entity shall conduct a study of 
the defense budget of the People’s Republic of China. 
(b) ESTIMATE.—The independent study conducted 
under subsection (a) shall include an estimate, based on 
open-source intelligence, of the amount of defense spend-
ing of the People’s Republic of China. Such estimate 
shall— 
(1) be generated in a methodologically sound 
way that— 
(A) avoids reliance on the aggregate spend-
ing amounts announced annually by the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China; and 
(B) employs the most accurate available 
purchasing power parity exchange rates; 
(2) be presented in a form that may be com-
pared against the defense spending of the United 
States; 
(3) exclude any spending related to veterans’ 
benefits; and 
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(4) include an estimate of the amounts of de-
fense spending of the People’s Republic of China 
disaggregated by functional defense categories of 
spending, including— 
(A) procurement from domestic and for-
eign sources; 
(B) operations and maintenance; 
(C) pay and benefits; 
(D) military construction; and 
(E) research, development, test, and eval-
uation. 
(c) ADDITIONAL ESTIMATE
ON OMITTED SPEND-
ING.—The independent study conducted under subsection 
(a) shall include, in addition to the estimate under sub-
section (b), an estimate the magnitude of omitted spend-
ing from the official People’s Republic of China defense 
budget information. 
(d) SUBMISSION TO SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the entity that 
conducts the study under subsection (a) shall submit 
to the Secretary of Defense a report containing the 
findings of such study. 
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(2) FORM.—The report under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
(e) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 
days after the date on which the Secretary receives the 
report under subsection (d), the Secretary shall submit to 
the congressional defense committees such report (without 
change), together with any comments of the Secretary 
with respect to such report. 
SEC. 1316. DETERMINATION ON INVOLVEMENT OF THE PRC 
IN THE MEXICAN FENTANYL TRADE. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall certify to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the 
House of Representatives whether officials in the Govern-
ment of the People’s Republic of China assisted in, or ap-
proved with knowledge of the recipient, the transportation 
of pill presses, fentanyl products, or fentanyl precursors 
to 1 or more Mexican drug cartels. 
SEC. 1317. INCLUSION OF INFORMATION ON EMERGING 
TECHNOLOGICAL 
DEVELOPMENTS 
IN 
AN-
NUAL CHINA MILITARY POWER REPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of each annual report 
submitted under section 1202 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 106– 
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65; 10 U.S.C. 113 note)(commonly referred to as the 
‘‘China Military Power report’’), the Secretary of Defense, 
in consultation with the heads of such other Federal de-
partments and agencies as the Secretary of Defense may 
determine appropriate, shall include a component on 
emerging technological developments involving the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China. 
(b) MATTERS.—Each report component referred to 
in subsection (a) shall include an identification and assess-
ment of at least five fields of critical or emerging tech-
nologies in which the People’s Liberation Army is in-
vested, or for which there are Military-Civil Fusion Devel-
opment Strategy programs of the People’s Republic of 
China, including the following: 
(1) A brief summary of each such identified 
field and its relevance to the military power and na-
tional security of the People’s Republic of China. 
(2) The implications for the national security of 
the United States as a result of the leadership or 
dominance by the People’s Republic of China in each 
such identified field and associated supply chains. 
(3) The identification of at least 10 entities 
domiciled in, controlled by, or directed by the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China (including any subsidiaries 
of such entity), involved in each such identified field, 
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and an assessment of, with respect to each such en-
tity, the following: 
(A) Whether the entity has procured com-
ponents from any known United States sup-
pliers. 
(B) Whether any United States technology 
imported by the entity is controlled under 
United States regulations. 
(C) Whether United States capital is in-
vested in the entity, either through known di-
rect investment or passive investment flows. 
(D) Whether the entity has any connection 
to the People’s Liberation Army, the Military- 
Civil Fusion program of the People’s Republic 
of China, or any other state-sponsored initia-
tives of the People’s Republic of China to sup-
port the development of national champions. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the 
Senate. 
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SEC. 1318. REPORT ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PRC 
AND IRAN. 
Section 1202(b) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (14) as para-
graph (15); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (13) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(14) Developments on the burgeoning relation-
ship between the People’s Republic of China and the 
Islamic Republic of Iran.’’. 
SEC. 1319. REPORT ON MILITARY ACTIVITIES OF THE RUS-
SIAN FEDERATION AND THE PEOPLE’S RE-
PUBLIC OF CHINA IN THE ARCTIC REGION. 
Section 1238 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘this Act’’ and inserting 
‘‘the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2024’’; 
(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(4) A description of the two countries’ growing 
cooperation, since the Russian Federation’s full-scale 
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invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, is being 
implemented in the Arctic region. 
‘‘(5) A description of how the Russian Federa-
tion’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 
2022, including the implementation of U.S. and al-
lied sanctions and potential diversion of Russian re-
sources to the war effort, has impacted the Russian 
Federation’s posture, activity and policy in the Arc-
tic region. 
‘‘(6) A description of how the Russian Federa-
tion’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 
2022, including the implementation of U.S. and al-
lied sanctions on the Russian Federation, has im-
pacted the People’s Republic of China’s posture, ac-
tivity and policy in the Arctic region. 
‘‘(7) A description of how the United States 
and its allies in the Arctic region have adjusted their 
posture in response to any changes by the Russian 
Federation since the beginning of the Russian Fed-
eration’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 
24, 2022.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) ARCTIC REGION DEFINED.—In this section, the 
term ‘Arctic region’ has the meaning given the term ‘Arc-
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tic’ in the Arctic Research and Policy Act (ARPA) of 1984 
(Public Law 98–373).’’. 
SEC. 1320. REPORT ON ACTIVITY OF THE PEOPLE’S LIBERA-
TION 
ARMY, 
THE 
CHINESE 
COMMUNIST 
PARTY AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN CAMBODIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the congressional committees specified in subsection 
(c) a report assessing— 
(1) the involvement of the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Chinese 
Communist Party (CCP) or the People’s Liberation 
Army (PLA) (used herewith to include the People’s 
Liberation Army Navy) in upgrading existing facili-
ties or constructing new facilities at Ream Naval 
Base and Dara Sakor Airport in Cambodia; 
(2) any actual or projected benefits, including 
any enhancement of the power projection capabilities 
of the PLA, that the Government of the PRC, the 
CCP or the PLA may accrue as a result of such up-
grades or construction; 
(3) the impact that the presence of the PLA in 
Cambodia may have on the interests, allies, and 
partners of the United States in the region; 
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(4) any efforts undertaken by the United States 
Government to convey to the Government of Cam-
bodia the concerns relating to the presence of the 
PLA and the Government of the PRC in Cambodia 
and the impact that presence could have on security 
in the South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific region 
more broadly and on adherence to the Constitution 
of Cambodia; 
(5) the impact the presence of the PLA in 
Cambodia, as well as closer government-to-govern-
ment ties between Cambodia and the Government of 
the PRC, including through investments under the 
Belt and Road Initiative, has had on the deteriora-
tion of democracy and human rights inside Cam-
bodia; 
(6) any party-to-party training, coordination or 
other links between the CCP and the Cambodian 
People’s Party; and 
(7) any other ongoing activities by the PLA or 
any other security services of the Government of the 
PRC in Cambodia. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include 
a classified annex. 
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(c) CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The 
congressional committees specified in this subsection 
are— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Armed Services, and the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Armed Services, and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
Representatives. 
SEC. 1321. REPORT ON CHINESE PRESENCE IN AFRICA. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the 
House of Representatives a report on the threat posed by 
the People’s Republic of China with respect to— 
(1) China’s commercial sea lines of communica-
tion, particularly those linking China to the African 
Atlantic ports; 
(2) increasing Chinese military presence on the 
African continent; 
(3) displacing United States influence in the 
Southern Atlantic; and 
(4) asserting China’s status as gaining influ-
ence and threats posed to strategic maritime routes. 
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TITLE XIV—OTHER 
AUTHORIZATIONS 
Subtitle A—Military Programs 
SEC. 1401. WORKING CAPITAL FUNDS. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for 
fiscal year 2024 for the use of the Armed Forces and other 
activities and agencies of the Department of Defense for 
providing capital for working capital and revolving funds, 
as specified in the funding table in section 4501. 
SEC. 1402. CHEMICAL AGENTS AND MUNITIONS DESTRUC-
TION, DEFENSE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Funds 
are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the Depart-
ment of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for expenses, not oth-
erwise provided for, for Chemical Agents and Munitions 
Destruction, Defense, as specified in the funding table in 
section 4501. 
(b) USE.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (a) are authorized for— 
(1) the destruction of lethal chemical agents 
and munitions in accordance with section 1412 of 
the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 
(50 U.S.C. 1521); and 
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(2) the destruction of chemical warfare materiel 
of the United States that is not covered by section 
1412 of such Act. 
SEC. 1403. DRUG INTERDICTION AND COUNTER-DRUG AC-
TIVITIES, DEFENSE-WIDE. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for ex-
penses, not otherwise provided for, for Drug Interdiction 
and Counter-Drug Activities, Defense-wide, as specified in 
the funding table in section 4501. 
SEC. 1404. DEFENSE INSPECTOR GENERAL. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for ex-
penses, not otherwise provided for, for the Office of the 
Inspector General of the Department of Defense, as speci-
fied in the funding table in section 4501. 
SEC. 1405. DEFENSE HEALTH PROGRAM. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for 
fiscal year 2024 for the Defense Health Program for use 
of the Armed Forces and other activities and agencies of 
the Department of Defense for providing for the health 
of eligible beneficiaries, as specified in the funding table 
in section 4501. 
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Subtitle B—Other Matters 
SEC. 1411. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE 
REQUIREMENTS FOR ERA OF GREAT POWER 
COMPETITION. 
(a) DECLARATION OF PURPOSES.—Section 2 of the 
Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 
U.S.C. 98a) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection: 
‘‘(d) The quantities of strategic and critical materials 
stockpiled under this Act should be sufficient— 
‘‘(1) during the period beginning on January 1, 
2025, and ending on December 31, 2027, to meet 
the national defense needs of the United States for 
a period of not less than two years during a national 
emergency necessitating the total mobilization of the 
economy of the United States for a sustained con-
ventional global war of indefinite duration; and 
‘‘(2) on and after January 1, 2028, to meet the 
national defense needs of the United States, for a 
period of not less than three years during a national 
emergency described in paragraph (1).’’. 
(b) NATIONAL
EMERGENCY
PLANNING
ASSUMP-
TIONS.—Section 14(b) of the Strategic and Critical Mate-
rials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h–5(b)) is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through 
(7) as subparagraphs (A) through (G), respectively; 
(2) by designating the matter preceding sub-
paragraph (A), as redesignated by paragraph (1), as 
paragraph (1); 
(3) in paragraph (1), as designated by para-
graph (2), by striking the second sentence; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the Sec-
retary shall base the national emergency planning 
assumptions on— 
‘‘(A) during the period beginning on Janu-
ary 1, 2025, and ending on December 31, 2027, 
a military conflict scenario requiring the total 
mobilization of the economy of the United 
States for a sustained conventional global war 
for a period of not less than two years; and 
‘‘(B) on and after January 1, 2028, a mili-
tary conflict scenario requiring the total mobili-
zation of the economy of the United States for 
a sustained conventional global war for a period 
of not less than three years.’’. 
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SEC. 1412. MEMBERSHIP OF COAST GUARD ON STRATEGIC 
MATERIALS PROTECTION BOARD. 
Section 10(b) of the Strategic and Critical Materials 
Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h-1(b)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) A senior official of the Coast Guard, as 
designated by the Secretary of the agency or depart-
ment in which the Coast Guard operates, only with 
respect to matters of the Board relating to the Coast 
Guard.’’. 
SEC. 1413. AUTHORITY FOR TRANSFER OF FUNDS TO JOINT 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-DEPARTMENT OF 
VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL FACILITY DEM-
ONSTRATION FUND FOR CAPTAIN JAMES A. 
LOVELL HEALTH CARE CENTER, ILLINOIS. 
(a) AUTHORITY FOR TRANSFER OF FUNDS.—Of the 
funds authorized to be appropriated for section 1405 and 
available for the Defense Health Program for operation 
and maintenance, $172,000,000 may be transferred by the 
Secretary of Defense to the Joint Department of Defense– 
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Facility Dem-
onstration Fund established by subsection (a)(1) of sec-
tion 1704 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 123 Stat. 2571). 
For purposes of subsection (a)(2) of such section 1704, 
any funds so transferred shall be treated as amounts au-
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thorized and appropriated specifically for the purpose of 
such a transfer. 
(b) USE OF TRANSFERRED FUNDS.—For the pur-
poses of subsection (b) of such section 1704, facility oper-
ations for which funds transferred under subsection (a) 
may be used are operations of the Captain James A. 
Lovell Federal Health Care Center, consisting of the 
North Chicago Veterans Affairs Medical Center, the Navy 
Ambulatory Care Center, and supporting facilities des-
ignated as a combined Federal medical facility under an 
operational agreement covered by section 706 of the Dun-
can Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 122 Stat. 4500). 
SEC. 1414. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR 
ARMED FORCES RETIREMENT HOME. 
There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for fis-
cal year 2024 from the Armed Forces Retirement Home 
Trust Fund the sum of $77,000,000 of which— 
(1) $68,060,000 is for operating expenses; and 
(2) $8,940,000 is for capital maintenance and 
construction. 
SEC. 1415. CRITICAL MINERAL INDEPENDENCE. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) COVERED
COUNTRY.—The term ‘‘covered 
country’’ means— 
(A) a covered nation (as defined in section 
4872(d) of title 10, United States Code); and 
(B) any other country determined by the 
Secretary of Defense to be a geostrategic com-
petitor or adversary of the United States for 
purposes of this section. 
(3) CRITICAL
MINERAL.—The term ‘‘critical 
mineral’’ means a critical mineral (as defined in sec-
tion 7002(a) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 
1606(a))) that the Secretary of Defense determines 
to be important to the national security of the 
United States for purposes of this section. 
(4) SHORTFALL MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘short-
fall material’’ means materials determined to be in 
shortfall in the most recent report on stockpile re-
quirements submitted to Congress under subsection 
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HR 2670 RDS
(a) of section 14 of the Strategic and Critical Mate-
rials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h–5) and in-
cluded in the most recent briefing required by sub-
section (f) of such section. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to expand mining and processing of critical 
minerals, including rare earth elements, in the 
United States and in countries that are allies or 
partners of the United States to meet the needs of 
the United States defense sector so that the Depart-
ment of Defense will achieve critical mineral supply 
chain independence from covered countries, includ-
ing the People’s Republic of China, the Russian 
Federation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the 
Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea; and 
(2) that the Department of Defense will pro-
cure critical minerals and products made using sup-
ply chains involving critical minerals that are not 
mined or processed in or by covered countries. 
(c) STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE CRITICAL MINERAL SUP-
PLY CHAIN INDEPENDENCE FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF 
DEFENSE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
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HR 2670 RDS
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment shall submit to the appropriate commit-
tees of Congress a strategy to develop supply chains 
for the Department of Defense that are not depend-
ent on mining or processing of critical minerals in 
or by covered countries, in order to achieve critical 
mineral supply chain independence from covered 
countries for the Department by 2035. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required by 
paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) 
identify 
and 
assess 
significant 
vulnerabilities in the supply chains of contrac-
tors and subcontractors of the Department of 
Defense involving critical minerals that are 
mined or processed in or by covered countries; 
(B) identify and recommend changes to 
the acquisition laws, regulations, and policies of 
the Department of Defense to ensure contrac-
tors and subcontractors of the Department use 
supply chains involving critical minerals that 
are not mined or processed in or by covered 
countries to the greatest extent practicable; 
(C) evaluate the utility and desirability of 
leveraging the process for acquiring shortfall 
materials for the National Defense Stockpile 
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under the Strategic and Critical Materials 
Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98 et seq.) to 
strengthen mining and processing capacity for 
critical minerals in the United States and in 
countries that are allies or partners of the 
United States; 
(D) identify areas of potential engagement 
and partnership with the governments of coun-
tries that are allies or partners of the United 
States to jointly reduce dependence on critical 
minerals mined or processed in or by covered 
countries; 
(E) identify and recommend other policy 
changes that may be needed to achieve critical 
mineral supply chain independence from cov-
ered countries for the Department; 
(F) identify and recommend measures to 
streamline authorities and policies with respect 
to critical minerals and supply chains for crit-
ical minerals; and 
(G) prioritize the recommendations made 
in the strategy to achieve critical mineral supply 
chain independence from covered countries for 
the Department, taking into consideration eco-
nomic costs and varying degrees of vulnerability 
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posed to the national security of the United 
States by reliance on different types of critical 
minerals. 
(3) FORM
OF
STRATEGY.—The strategy re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in classi-
fied form but shall include an unclassified summary. 
TITLE XV—CYBERSPACE- 
RELATED MATTERS 
Subtitle A—Cyber Matters 
SEC. 1501. HARMONIZATION AND CLARIFICATION OF STRA-
TEGIC CYBERSECURITY PROGRAM AND RE-
LATED MATTERS. 
(a) HARMONIZATION AND CLARIFICATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 19 of title 10, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
section 391a the following new section: 
‘‘§ 391b. Strategic Cybersecurity Program 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) There is a program to be 
known as the ‘Strategic Cybersecurity Program’ (in this 
section referred to as the ‘Program’) to ensure the ability 
of the Department of Defense to conduct the most critical 
military missions of the Department. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary of Defense shall designate a prin-
cipal staff assistant from within the Office of the Sec-
retary of Defense whose office shall serve as the office of 
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HR 2670 RDS
primary responsibility for the Program, providing policy, 
direction, and oversight regarding the execution of the re-
sponsibilities of the program manager selected pursuant 
to subsection (c)(1). 
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—In addition to the office of pri-
mary responsibility for the Program under subsection 
(a)(2) and the program manager selected pursuant to sub-
section (c)(1), membership in the Program shall include 
the following: 
‘‘(1) The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 
Staff. 
‘‘(2) The Commanders of the United States 
Cyber Command, United States European Com-
mand, United States Indo-Pacific Command, United 
States Northern Command, United States Strategic 
Command, United States Space Command, United 
States Transportation Command. 
‘‘(3) The Under Secretary of Defense for Ac-
quisition and Sustainment. 
‘‘(4) The Under Secretary of Defense for Pol-
icy. 
‘‘(5) The Chief Information Officer of the De-
partment of Defense. 
‘‘(6) The chief information officers of the mili-
tary departments. 
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HR 2670 RDS
‘‘(7) The Principal Cyber Advisor of the De-
partment of Defense. 
‘‘(8) The Principal Cyber Advisors of the mili-
tary departments. 
‘‘(9) Each senior official identified pursuant to 
subsection (i) of section 1647 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Pub-
lic Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118). 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM OFFICE.—(1) There is in the Cyberse-
curity Directorate of the National Security Agency a pro-
gram office to support the Program by identifying threats 
to, vulnerabilities in, and remediations for, the missions 
and mission elements specified in subsection (d)(1). Such 
program office shall be headed by a program manager se-
lected by the Director of the National Security Agency. 
‘‘(2) The Chief Information Officer of the Depart-
ment of Defense, in exercising authority, direction, and 
control over the Cybersecurity Directorate of the National 
Security Agency, shall ensure that the program office 
under paragraph (1) is responsive to the requirements and 
direction of the program manager selected pursuant to 
such paragraph. 
‘‘(3) The Secretary may augment the personnel as-
signed to the program office under paragraph (1) by as-
signing personnel as appropriate from among members of 
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any covered armed force (including the reserve compo-
nents thereof), civilian employees of the Department of 
Defense (including the Defense Intelligence Agency), and 
personnel of the research laboratories of the Department 
of Defense, who have particular expertise in the areas of 
responsibility referred to in subsection (d). 
‘‘(d) DESIGNATION OF MISSION ELEMENTS OF PRO-
GRAM.—(1) The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 
the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment, and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 
of Staff shall identify and designate for inclusion in the 
Program all of the systems, critical infrastructure, kill 
chains, and processes, including systems and components 
in development, that comprise the following military mis-
sions of the Department of Defense: 
‘‘(A) Nuclear deterrence and strike. 
‘‘(B) Select long-range conventional strike mis-
sions germane to the warfighting plans of the United 
States European Command and the United States 
Indo-Pacific Command. 
‘‘(C) Offensive cyber operations. 
‘‘(D) Homeland missile defense. 
‘‘(2) The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 
shall coordinate the identification and prioritization of the 
missions and mission components, and the development 
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and approval of requirements relating to the cybersecurity 
of the missions and mission components, of the Program. 
‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEAD OF 
OFFICE OF PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY.—In addition to 
providing policy, direction, and oversight as specified in 
subsection (a)(2), the head of the office of primary respon-
sibility for the Program designated under such subsection 
shall be responsible for overseeing and providing direction 
on any covered statutory requirement that is ongoing, re-
current (including on an annual basis), or unfulfilled, in-
cluding by— 
‘‘(1) reviewing any materials required to be 
submitted to Congress under the covered statutory 
requirement prior to such submission; and 
‘‘(2) ensuring such submissions occur by the 
applicable deadline under the covered statutory re-
quirement. 
‘‘(f) RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROGRAM MANAGER.— 
The program manager selected pursuant to subsection 
(c)(1) shall be responsible for the following: 
‘‘(1) Conducting end-to-end vulnerability assess-
ments of the missions of the Program and the con-
stituent systems, infrastructure, kill chains, and 
processes thereof. 
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‘‘(2) Prioritizing and facilitating the remedi-
ation of identified vulnerabilities in such constituent 
systems, infrastructure, kill chains, and processes. 
‘‘(3) Conducting, prior to the Milestone B ap-
proval for any proposed such system or infrastruc-
ture germane to the missions of the Program, appro-
priate reviews of the acquisition and system engi-
neering plans for that proposed system or infrastruc-
ture, in accordance with the policy and guidance of 
the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment regarding the components of such re-
views and the range of systems and infrastructure to 
be reviewed. 
‘‘(4) Advising the Secretaries of the military de-
partments, the commanders of the combatant com-
mands, and the Joint Staff on the vulnerabilities 
and cyberattack vectors that pose substantial risk to 
the missions of the Program and their constituent 
systems, critical infrastructure, kill chains, or proc-
esses. 
‘‘(5) Ensuring that the Program builds upon 
(including through the provision of oversight and di-
rection by the head of the office of primary responsi-
bility for the Program pursuant to subsection (e), as 
applicable), and does not duplicate, other efforts of 
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‘‘(2) the alignment of Cyber Protection Teams 
with the prioritized missions of the Program; 
‘‘(3) the role of the Director of Operational 
Test and Evaluation in conducting periodic assess-
ments, including through red teams, of the cyberse-
curity of missions in the Program; and 
‘‘(4) the role of the Principal Cyber Adviser in 
coordinating and monitoring the execution of the 
Program. 
‘‘(h) ANNUAL REPORTING.—Not later than Decem-
ber 31 of each year, the head of the office of primary re-
sponsibility for the Program, in coordination with the ap-
propriate members of the Program under subsection (b), 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees an 
annual report on the efforts carried out pursuant to this 
section or any covered provision of law, including with re-
spect to such efforts concerning— 
‘‘(1) the evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities of 
each major weapon system of the Department of De-
fense and related mitigation activities under section 
1647 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1118); 
‘‘(2) the evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities of 
the critical infrastructure of the Department of De-
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HR 2670 RDS
fense under section 1650 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 
114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note); 
‘‘(3) operational technology and the mapping of 
mission-relevant terrain in cyberspace under 1505 of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 
note); 
‘‘(4) the assessments of the vulnerabilities to 
and mission risks presented by radio-frequency en-
abled cyber attacks with respect to the operational 
technology embedded in weapons systems, aircraft, 
ships, ground vehicles, space systems, sensors, and 
datalink networks of the Department of Defense 
under section 1559 of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2023; and 
‘‘(5) the work of the Program in general, in-
cluding information relating to staffing and accom-
plishments. 
‘‘(i) ANNUAL BUDGET DISPLAY.—(1) On an annual 
basis for each fiscal year, concurrently with the submission 
of the budget of the President for that fiscal year under 
section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the head 
of the office of primary responsibility for the Program, 
in coordination with the appropriate members of the Pro-
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HR 2670 RDS
gram under subsection (b), shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a consolidated budget justifica-
tion display that covers all programs and activities associ-
ated with this section and any covered provision of law, 
including with respect to the matters listed in subsection 
(h). 
‘‘(2) Each display under paragraph (1) shall be sub-
mitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
annex. 
‘‘(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘covered armed force’ means the 
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space 
Force. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘covered statutory requirement’ 
means a requirement under any covered provision of 
law. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘covered provision of law’ means 
the following: 
‘‘(A) Section 1647 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public 
Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118). 
‘‘(B) Section 1650 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public 
Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note). 
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HR 2670 RDS
‘‘(C) Section 1505 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public 
Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 note). 
‘‘(D) Section 1559 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE BRIEFING RE-
QUIREMENT.—Section 1647 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 
(Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118) is 
amended— 
(i) by striking subsection (c); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (d) 
through (j) as subsections (c) through (i), 
respectively. 
(B) REPEAL OF ADDITIONAL DUPLICATE 
BRIEFING REQUIREMENT.—Section 1650 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 
2224 note) is amended— 
(i) by striking subsection (d); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (e) 
and (f) as subsections (d) and (e), respec-
tively. 
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HR 2670 RDS
(C) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE PROVISION RE-
LATING
TO
STRATEGIC
CYBERSECURITY
PRO-
GRAM.—Section 1640 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public 
Law 115–9; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note) is repealed. 
(D) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE BUDGET RE-
QUIREMENT.—Section 1637 of the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 
U.S.C. 221 note) is repealed. 
(E) REPEAL
OF
DUPLICATE
REPORTING 
REQUIREMENT.—Section 1505 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 
(Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 note) is 
amended— 
(i) by striking subsection (h); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (i) 
and (j) as subsections (h) and (i), respec-
tively. 
(F) REPEAL OF ADDITIONAL DUPLICATE 
BRIEFING
REQUIREMENT; REMOVAL
OF
REF-
ERENCE
TO
REPEALED
PROVISION.—Section 
1559 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 is 
amended— 
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HR 2670 RDS
(i) by striking ‘‘, section 1637 of the 
John S. McCain National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public 
Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 221 note),’’; and 
(ii) by striking subsection (f). 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of 
the office of primary responsibility for the Strategic Cy-
bersecurity Program under section 391b of title 10, 
United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall sub-
mit to the congressional defense committees a report set-
ting forth the plan of the head to harmonize and interlink 
the annual reporting and annual budget display require-
ments under subsections (h) and (i) of such section, re-
spectively, to ensure unity and a lack of duplication in 
such efforts. 
SEC. 1502. OFFICE FOR ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT RELAT-
ING TO CYBER ACTIVITIES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Chapter 111 of title 10, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 
2192b the following new section: 
‘‘§ 2192c. Office for academic engagement relating to 
cyber activities 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Defense, 
acting through the Chief Information Officer of the De-
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HR 2670 RDS
partment of Defense, shall establish an office to establish, 
maintain, and oversee any activities of the Department of 
Defense that pertain to the relationship between the De-
partment and academia, including with entities involved 
in primary, secondary, or postsecondary education, with 
respect to cyber-related matters (in this section referred 
to as the ‘Office’). 
‘‘(b) DIRECTOR.—The Office shall have a Director 
who shall report directly to the Chief Information Officer 
of the Department of Defense. An individual serving as 
Director shall, while so serving, be a member of the Senior 
Executive Service. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—(1) The Office shall be re-
sponsible for the following: 
‘‘(A) Serving as the consolidated focal point for 
engagements carried out between the Department of 
Defense and academia with respect to cyber-related 
matters. 
‘‘(B) Coordinating covered academic engage-
ment programs for the Department of Defense. 
‘‘(C) Conducting ongoing analysis, as deter-
mined necessary by the Director, of the performance 
of cyber-related educational scholarships, camps, 
support efforts, and volunteer partnerships of the 
Department of Defense. 
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HR 2670 RDS
‘‘(D) Identifying actions the Secretary of De-
fense may take to improve the cyber skills of per-
sonnel within the Department of Defense through 
participation by such personnel in covered academic 
engagement programs, for the purposes of assisting 
the Secretary in cyber-related matters and meeting 
the long-term national defense needs of the United 
States for personnel proficient in such skills. 
‘‘(E) Managing funds and resources for the Na-
tional Centers for Academic Excellence in Cyberse-
curity program, the Department of Defense Cyber 
Scholarship Program, the National Defense Univer-
sity College of Information and Cyberspace, the Uni-
versity Consortium for Cybersecurity, and the senior 
military colleges. 
‘‘(F) Establishing requirements, policies, and 
procedures to collect data on, and to monitor and 
evaluate, the performance of covered academic en-
gagement programs with respect to the involvement 
in such programs by the Department of Defense. 
‘‘(G) Monitoring and evaluating through appli-
cable performance measurements (including those 
established pursuant to subparagraph (F)) the per-
formance of covered academic engagement programs 
with respect to the involvement in such programs by 
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HR 2670 RDS
the Department of Defense, and advising the Sec-
retary of Defense on whether to continue, modify, or 
terminate such involvement. 
‘‘(H) Making budgetary determinations, taking 
into consideration the findings of performance eval-
uations under subparagraph (G), with respect to— 
‘‘(i) the involvement in covered academic 
engagement programs by the Department of 
Defense; and 
‘‘(ii) other matters relating to the respon-
sibilities under this subsection. 
‘‘(2) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the con-
trary, the Office shall be the office of primary responsi-
bility for carrying out, among other legislative provisions, 
the following: 
‘‘(A) Section 1633 of the John S. McCain Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2019 (Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 2125). 
‘‘(B) Section 1640 of the John S. McCain Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 2200 note). 
‘‘(C) Section 1649 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 
116–92; 133 Stat. 1758). 
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HR 2670 RDS
‘‘(D) Section 1659 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 
116–92; 10 U.S.C. 391 note). 
‘‘(E) Section 1710 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 
4086). 
‘‘(F) Section 1726 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 
1599f note). 
‘‘(G) Section 1530 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 135 Stat. 2049). 
‘‘(H) Section 1532 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 10 U.S.C. 2191 note prec.). 
‘‘(I) Section 1505 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 
117–263). 
‘‘(J) Section 1535 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 
117–263). 
‘‘(d) AUTHORITY RELATING TO COMPLIANCE.—The 
Secretary of Defense shall take such steps as may be nec-
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HR 2670 RDS
essary to ensure that the Director of the Office has suffi-
cient authority to compel and enforce compliance with any 
decisions or directives issued pursuant to the responsibil-
ities under subsection (b). 
‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—In carrying out 
this section, the Director of the Office may, under any 
provision of this chapter or any other provision of this title 
providing for the support of educational programs in 
cyber-related matters (and unless otherwise specified in 
such provision)— 
‘‘(1) enter into contracts and cooperative agree-
ments; 
‘‘(2) make grants of financial assistance; 
‘‘(3) provide cash awards and other items; 
‘‘(4) accept voluntary services; and 
‘‘(5) support national competition judging, 
other educational event activities, and associated 
award ceremonies in connection with covered aca-
demic engagement programs. 
‘‘(f) RELATIONSHIP
TO
OTHER
ENTITIES.—The 
Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering 
and the Secretaries concerned shall coordinate and col-
laborate with the Director of the Office on covered aca-
demic engagement programs sponsored by the Under Sec-
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HR 2670 RDS
retary as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathe-
matics (STEM) programs and activities. 
‘‘(g) COVERED ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘covered academic 
engagement program’ means any of the following: 
‘‘(1) A primary, secondary, or post-secondary 
educational program with a cyber focus. 
‘‘(2) A program of the Department of Defense 
for the recruitment or retention of cyberspace civil-
ian and military personnel, including scholarship 
programs. 
‘‘(3) An academic partnership focused on estab-
lishing cyber talent among the personnel referred to 
in paragraph (2).’’. 
(b) DEADLINE
FOR ESTABLISHMENT.—The Sec-
retary of Defense shall establish the office under section 
2192c of title 10, United States Code, as added by sub-
section (a), by not later than 270 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 1503. MODIFICATION TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
ENTERPRISE-WIDE PROCUREMENT OF CYBER 
DATA PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. 
Section 1521(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 
U.S.C. 2224 note) is amended— 
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HR 2670 RDS
(1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para-
graph (7); 
(2) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘(1) through (5)’’ and inserting ‘‘(1) 
through (6)’’; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) Evaluating emerging cyber technologies, 
such as artificial intelligence-enabled security tools, 
for efficacy and applicability to the requirements of 
the Department of Defense.’’. 
SEC. 
1504. 
AUTHORITY 
TO 
ESTABLISH 
PROGRAM 
OF 
UNITED STATES CYBER COMMAND ON DARK 
WEB AND DEEP WEB ANALYSIS TOOLS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commander of the United 
States Cyber Command, pursuant to the authority pro-
vided under section 167b(d) of title 10, United States 
Code, may establish within such Command a program, or 
augment an existing such program, to integrate into the 
packages of tools distributed to the combatant commands 
tools for the analysis of information from locations on the 
Internet referred to as the ‘‘dark web’’ and ‘‘deep web’’. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—Under the program established or 
augmented under subsection (a), the Commander may— 
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(1) develop a comprehensive and tailored ap-
proach to the use of open-source intelligence tools 
for the analysis and distribution of information col-
lected from the locations on the Internet described 
in subsection (a); 
(2) develop and validate technical requirements 
relating to such collection, analysis, and distribution, 
including with respect to data fidelity and data prov-
enance; 
(3) assess and acquire technologies to— 
(A) collect information from the locations 
specified in paragraph (1); and 
(B) analyze and, as appropriate, distribute 
such information; and 
(4) enable the cross-organizational sharing of 
such information across the Department of Defense. 
(c) ROLE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 
FOR CYBER POLICY.—Consistent with section 167b(d) of 
such title, the Commander shall implement this section 
subject to the authority, direction, and control of the As-
sistant Secretary of Defense for Cyber Policy. 
SEC. 1505. MILITARY CYBERSECURITY COOPERATION WITH 
TAIWAN. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
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Defense, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense 
for Policy, in concurrence with the Secretary of State and 
in coordination with the Commander of the United States 
Cyber Command and the Commander of the United States 
Indo-Pacific Command, shall seek to cooperate with the 
Ministry of Defense of Taiwan on defensive military cyber-
security activities. 
(b) IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES.—In cooperating 
on defensive military cybersecurity activities with the Min-
istry of Defense of Taiwan under subsection (a), the Sec-
retary of Defense may carry out efforts to identify cooper-
ative activities to— 
(1) defend military networks, infrastructure, 
and systems; 
(2) counter malicious cyber activity that has 
compromised such military networks, infrastructure, 
and systems; 
(3) leverage United States commercial and mili-
tary cybersecurity technology and services to harden 
and defend such military networks, infrastructure, 
and systems; and 
(4) conduct combined cybersecurity training ac-
tivities and exercises. 
(c) BRIEFINGS.— 
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(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary 
of State, shall provide to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a briefing on the implementation 
of this section. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The briefing under paragraph 
(1) shall include the following: 
(A) A description of the feasibility and ad-
visability of cooperating with the Ministry of 
Defense of Taiwan on the defensive military cy-
bersecurity activities identified pursuant to sub-
section (b). 
(B) An identification of any challenges and 
resources that would be needed to addressed to 
conduct such cooperative activities. 
(C) An overview of efforts undertaken pur-
suant to this section. 
(D) Any other matters the Secretary deter-
mines relevant. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
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(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1506. UPDATED STRATEGY OF DEPARTMENT OF DE-
FENSE RELATING TO INFORMATION ENVI-
RONMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in co-
ordination with the Commander of the United States Stra-
tegic Command and the Commander of the United States 
Cyber Command, shall develop a strategy that updates the 
strategy contained in the document of the Department of 
Defense titled ‘‘Joint Concept for Operating in the Infor-
mation Environment’’ and dated July 25, 2018 (in this 
section referred to as the ‘‘updated strategy’’). 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The updated strategy shall— 
(1) build upon the document of the Department 
of Defense titled ‘‘Joint Concept for Operating in 
the Information Environment’’ and dated July 25, 
2018 and the goals outlined in the 2022 National 
Defense Strategy; 
(2) provide for each of the activities under sub-
section (c); 
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(3) serve as the lead document for the Joint 
Force with respect to organizing and using informa-
tion as a component of military strategy; 
(4) establish consistency in the understanding 
of, and the conduct of operations in, the information 
environment across the Armed Forces; 
(5) reflect changes in the information environ-
ment, and operations conducted in such environ-
ment, since 2018; and 
(6) categorize information operations based on 
current uses in military campaigns, to enable better 
staffing, training, and funding for specific types of 
operations in the information environment. 
(c) ELEMENTS.—The updated strategy shall include 
the following: 
(1) The designation of information as a military 
domain, for the purpose of facilitating— 
(A) improved treatment of the information 
domain within the National Defense Strategy; 
(B) more effective tasking of roles and re-
sponsibilities within each Armed Force for the 
Secretaries concerned to meet objectives in the 
information environment; 
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(C) improved organization, with respect to 
the use of information as a tool for military 
purposes, of— 
(i) forces across each Armed Force; 
and 
(ii) the various combatant commands. 
(2) The designation of specific categories for 
the various components of information operations as 
follows: 
(A) A category to be known as ‘‘operations 
in the information environment’’, inclusive of 
the components of information operations 
that— 
(i) support the achievement of objec-
tives at the tactical and operational levels; 
and 
(ii) through such achievements, estab-
lish information operations as a national 
component of power, by contributing to the 
hard or soft power of the United States 
(such as the military capabilities or eco-
nomic strength of the United States, re-
spectively). 
(B) A category to be known as ‘‘special in-
formation operations’’, inclusive of the compo-
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nents of information operations that enable the 
Joint Force and interagency forces to address 
nontraditional problem sets, particularly with 
respect to— 
(i) operations that occur in the gray 
zone; or 
(ii) competition below the threshold of 
armed conflict. 
(C) A category to be known as ‘‘long-term 
public diplomacy’’, inclusive of the components 
of information operations that— 
(i) require synchronized themes, mes-
saging, symbols, and narratives, with long 
term organization incentive structures to 
achieve a coherent effect; 
(ii) involve an organizational structure 
that incentivizes collaboration between the 
Department of Defense and other relevant 
Federal departments and agencies; and 
(iii) prioritizes long-term public diplo-
macy. 
(3) The establishment of working definitions for 
each of the categories listed in subparagraphs (A) 
through (C) of paragraph (2), taking into consider-
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ation the corresponding descriptions provided in 
such subparagraphs. 
(4) An assessment of potential means to syn-
chronize efforts between combatant commands that, 
as of the date of the enactment of this Act, offer in-
formation operations training to meet requirements 
established by the categorization of information op-
erations proposed in paragraph (2), including— 
(A) the Marine Corps Information Oper-
ations Command; 
(B) the 16th Air Force; 
(C) the Army 1st Information Operations 
Command; and 
(D) the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare 
Center and School. 
(d) INTERIM REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Serv-
ices of the House of Representatives and the Senate an 
interim report on the implementation of this section, in-
cluding— 
(1) an interim plan for the updated strategy, to 
include a proposed implementation plan and a 
framework for the future submission of quarterly 
progress reviews under subsection (e)(4). 
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(2) any funding requirements to implement the 
updated strategy; and 
(3) any other resources necessary to implement 
the updated strategy, as identified by the Secretary 
of Defense. 
(e) DEADLINE; FINAL REPORT.—Not later than one 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and, with 
respect to the matter specified in paragraph (4), on a 
quarterly basis thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall 
submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives and the Senate a report containing— 
(1) a copy of the completed updated strategy; 
(2) an implementation plan for the updated 
strategy; 
(3) an outline of an investment framework that 
identifies planning priorities and funding require-
ments to implement the updated strategy according 
to such plan; and 
(4) a progress review with respect to the status 
of the implementation of the updated strategy. 
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Subtitle B—Personnel 
SEC. 1521. AUTHORITY TO ACCEPT VOLUNTARY AND UN-
COMPENSATED SERVICES FROM CYBERSECU-
RITY EXPERTS. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Section 167b(d) of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) The Commander of the United States Cyber 
Command may accept voluntary and uncompensated serv-
ices from cybersecurity experts, notwithstanding the provi-
sions of section 1342 of title 31, and may delegate such 
authority to the chiefs of the armed forces.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
Section 167b of such title, as amended by subsection (a), 
is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘referred 
to as the ‘cyber command’ ’’ and inserting ‘‘re-
ferred to as the ‘United States Cyber Com-
mand’ ’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Cyber 
Command’’ and inserting ‘‘United States Cyber 
Command’’; 
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(2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘Cyber Com-
mand’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘United 
States Cyber Command’’; 
(3) in subsections (c) and (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘cyber command’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘United States 
Cyber Command’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘commander of the’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘Commander of 
the’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘commander of such com-
mand’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘Commander of such Command’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d)(3)(C), by striking ‘‘of the 
commander’’ and inserting ‘‘of the Commander’’. 
SEC. 1522. MATTERS RELATING TO MANAGEMENT OF 
UNITED 
STATES 
MARINE 
CORPS 
CYBER-
SPACE OPERATIONS OFFICERS. 
(a) REQUIRED SERVICE.—Section 651(c) of title 10, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘or in the 
case of an unrestricted officer designated within a 
cyberspace occupational specialty’’ before the closing 
period; and 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
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