IB 
Union Calendar No. 226 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4312 
[Report No. 119–270, Parts I and II] 
To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student athletes and 
to promote fair competition with respect to intercollegiate athletics, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 10, 2025 
Mr. BILIRAKIS (for himself, Ms. BYNUM, Mr. GUTHRIE, Mr. WALBERG, Mr. 
JORDAN, Mr. FIGURES, Mrs. MCCLAIN, Mr. FITZGERALD, and Mr. FRY) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
Education and Workforce, and in addition to the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speak-
er, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the ju-
risdiction of the committee concerned 
SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Deleted sponsor: Mr. MOSKOWITZ (added September 10, 2025; deleted 
September 11, 2025) 
SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Additional sponsors: Mr. WILLIAMS of Texas, Mr. WESTERMAN, Mr. FLOOD, 
Mr. CUELLAR, Mr. VICENTE GONZALEZ of Texas, Mr. GOODEN of Texas, 
Mr. SUOZZI, Mr. CARTER of Georgia, Mr. Haridopolos, Mr. CLINE, Mr. 
BARR, Mr. GROTHMAN and Ms. PLASKETT 
SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce with an amendment 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
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SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Reported from the Committee on Education and Workforce with an amend-
ment, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of 
the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in boldface roman] 
[For the text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on July 10, 2025] 
A BILL 
To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of student 
athletes and to promote fair competition with respect 
to intercollegiate athletics, and for other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Student Compensation 
and Opportunity through Rights and Endorsements Act’’ 
or the ‘‘SCORE Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AGENT.—The term ‘‘agent’’ means an indi-
vidual who receives compensation to represent a stu-
dent athlete with respect to— 
(A) a name, image, and likeness agreement; 
or 
(B) another agreement for compensation re-
lated to the participation of such student athlete 
on a varsity sports team. 
(2) ANTITRUST
LAWS.—The term ‘‘antitrust 
laws’’ has the meaning given such term in the 1st sec-
tion of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12) and includes 
section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section 5 applies 
to unfair methods of competition. 
(3) ASSOCIATED ENTITY OR INDIVIDUAL.—The 
term ‘‘associated entity or individual’’ means, with 
respect to an institution, each of the following: 
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(A) An entity that is known or should be 
known to the employees of the athletic depart-
ment of such institution to exist, in significant 
part, for the purpose of— 
(i) promoting or supporting the var-
sity sports teams or student athletes of such 
institution; or 
(ii) creating or identifying opportuni-
ties relating to name, image, and likeness 
agreements solely for the student athletes of 
such institution. 
(B) An individual who is or has been a 
member, employee, director, officer, owner, or 
other representative of an entity described in 
subparagraph (A). 
(C) An individual who directly or indi-
rectly (including through contributions by an en-
tity affiliated with such individual or an imme-
diate family member of such individual) has 
contributed more than $50,000 (as adjusted on 
July 1 each year by the percentage increase (if 
any), during the preceding 12-month period, in 
the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Con-
sumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statis-
tics) over the lifetime of the individual to the 
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athletic programs of such institution or to an en-
tity described in subparagraph (A). 
(D) An individual or entity who— 
(i) is directed or requested by the em-
ployees of the athletic department of such 
institution to assist in the recruitment or 
retention of prospective student athletes or 
student athletes, respectively; or 
(ii) otherwise assists in such recruit-
ment or retention. 
(E) Any entity (other than a publicly trad-
ed corporation) owned, controlled, operated by, 
or otherwise affiliated with an individual or en-
tity described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or 
(D). 
(4) COLLEGE SPORTS REVENUE.—The term ‘‘col-
lege sports revenue’’ means any revenue (without re-
gard to ownership or legal title to such revenue) re-
ceived by an institution with respect to intercollegiate 
athletics— 
(A) from the sale of admission to intercolle-
giate athletic competitions or any other event in-
volving a varsity sports team, including actual 
monetary revenue received by or for the benefit 
of such institution for a suite license (unless such 
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suite license is associated with philanthropy or 
any purpose not related to intercollegiate athletic 
competitions, including a concert); 
(B) from participation by the varsity sports 
teams of such institution in intercollegiate ath-
letic competitions held at other institutions, in-
cluding payments received due to cancellations of 
such intercollegiate athletic competitions; 
(C) for radio, television, internet, digital, 
and e-commerce rights, including revenue relat-
ing to media rights distributed by a conference 
to members of the conference, if applicable; 
(D) from an interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association, including any grant, distribu-
tion of revenue, reimbursement relating to travel 
with respect to a championship of such interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association, and payment 
for hosting such a championship; 
(E) generated by a post-season football bowl, 
including any distribution of revenue by a con-
ference to members of the conference and any 
other payment related to the participation of 
such institution in such post-season football 
bowl, including for ticket sales and reimburse-
ment of expenses; 
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(F) from a conference, other than any rev-
enue otherwise described in this paragraph; 
(G) for sponsorships, licensing agreements, 
advertisements, royalties, and in-kind products 
and services as part of a sponsorship agreement; 
or 
(H) relating to any additional form of rev-
enue, including fundraising, an interstate inter-
collegiate athletic association uses with respect to 
the pool limit of such interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association. 
(5) 
COMPENSATION.—The 
term 
‘‘compensa-
tion’’— 
(A) means, with respect to a student athlete 
or a prospective student athlete, any form of 
payment or remuneration, whether provided 
through cash, benefits, awards, or any other 
means, including payments for— 
(i) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
name, image, and likeness rights; or 
(ii) licenses relating to, or the use of, 
any other Federal or State intellectual or 
intangible property right; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) grants-in-aid; 
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(ii) Federal Pell Grants and other Fed-
eral or State grants unrelated to and not 
awarded with regard to participation in 
intercollegiate athletics; 
(iii) health insurance and payments 
for the costs of health care, including health 
insurance and payments for the costs of 
health care wholly or partly self-funded by 
an institution, conference, or interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association; 
(iv) disability and loss-of-value insur-
ance, including disability and loss-of-value 
insurance that is wholly or partly self-fund-
ed by an institution, conference, or inter-
state intercollegiate athletic association; 
(v) career counseling, job placement 
services, and other guidance available to all 
students at an institution; 
(vi) payment of hourly wages and ben-
efits for work actually performed (and not 
for participation in intercollegiate athletics) 
at a rate commensurate with the going rate 
in the locality of an institution for similar 
work; 
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(vii) academic awards paid to student 
athletes by institutions; 
(viii) provision of financial literacy or 
tax education resources and guidance; or 
(ix) any program to connect student 
athletes with employers and facilitate em-
ployment opportunities, if— 
(I) the financial terms of such em-
ployment opportunities are consistent 
with the terms offered to similarly sit-
uated employees who are not student 
athletes; and 
(II) such program is not used to 
induce a student athlete to attend a 
particular institution. 
(6) CONFERENCE.—The term ‘‘conference’’ means 
an entity that— 
(A) has as members 2 or more institutions; 
(B) arranges regular season intercollegiate 
athletic competitions and championships for such 
members; and 
(C) sets rules with respect to such intercolle-
giate athletic competitions and championships. 
(7) COST OF ATTENDANCE.—The term ‘‘cost of 
attendance’’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
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tion 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1087ll). 
(8) GRANT-IN-AID.—The term ‘‘grant-in-aid’’ 
means a scholarship, grant, stipend, or other form of 
financial assistance, including the provision of tui-
tion, room, board, books, or funds for fees or personal 
expenses, that— 
(A) is paid or provided by an institution to 
a student for the undergraduate or graduate 
course of study of the student; and 
(B) is in an amount that does not exceed 
the cost of attendance at the institution for such 
student. 
(9) IMAGE.—The term ‘‘image’’ means, with re-
spect to a student athlete, a picture or a video that 
identifies, is linked to, or is reasonably linkable to 
such student athlete. 
(10) INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘institution’’ has 
the meaning given the term ‘‘institution of higher 
education’’ in section 102 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002). 
(11) INTERCOLLEGIATE
ATHLETIC
COMPETI-
TION.—The term ‘‘intercollegiate athletic competi-
tion’’ means any contest, game, meet, match, tour-
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nament, regatta, or other event in which varsity 
sports teams of more than 1 institution compete. 
(12) INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS.—The term 
‘‘intercollegiate athletics’’— 
(A) means the varsity sports teams for 
which the length of time a student athlete is eli-
gible to participate and the academic standards 
for participation are established by a conference 
or an interstate intercollegiate athletic associa-
tion; and 
(B) does not include any recreational, in-
tramural, or club teams. 
(13) INTERSTATE
INTERCOLLEGIATE
ATHLETIC 
ASSOCIATION.—The term ‘‘interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association’’ means— 
(A) any entity that— 
(i) sets common rules, standards, pro-
cedures, or guidelines for the administration 
and regulation of varsity sports teams and 
intercollegiate athletic competitions; 
(ii) is composed of 2 or more institu-
tions or conferences located in more than 1 
State; and 
(iii) has rules or bylaws prohibiting 
the provision of prohibited compensation to 
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student athletes and prospective student 
athletes; and 
(B) does not include any entity affiliated 
with professional athletic competitions. 
(14) LIKENESS.—The term ‘‘likeness’’ means, 
with respect to a student athlete, a physical or digital 
depiction or representation that identifies, is linked 
to, or is reasonably linkable to such student athlete. 
(15) NAME.—The term ‘‘name’’ means, with re-
spect to a student athlete, the first, middle, or last 
name, or the nickname or former name, of such stu-
dent athlete if used in a context that identifies, is 
linked to, or is reasonably linkable to such student 
athlete. 
(16) NAME, 
IMAGE, 
AND
LIKENESS
AGREE-
MENT.—The term ‘‘name, image, and likeness agree-
ment’’ means a contract or similar agreement under 
which a student athlete licenses or authorizes, or a 
contract or similar agreement that otherwise is in re-
lation to, the commercial use of the name, image, or 
likeness of the student athlete. 
(17) NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS RIGHTS.—The 
term ‘‘name, image, and likeness rights’’ means rights 
recognized under Federal or State law that allow an 
individual to control and profit from the commercial 
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use of the name, image, and likeness of such indi-
vidual, including all rights commonly referred to as 
‘‘publicity rights’’. 
(18) POOL LIMIT.—The term ‘‘pool limit’’ means 
a dollar amount based on college sports revenue 
that— 
(A) is calculated and published by an inter-
state intercollegiate athletic association pursuant 
to the rules the interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association establishes under section 6; and 
(B) serves as the annual maximum amount 
that an institution that is a member of such 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association may 
provide, in total, to student athletes of such in-
stitution, including in the form of a name, 
image, and likeness agreement or direct pay-
ment. 
(19) PROHIBITED
COMPENSATION.—The term 
‘‘prohibited compensation’’ means— 
(A) compensation (including an agreement 
for compensation) to a student athlete from an 
associated entity or individual of the institution 
at which the student athlete is enrolled (or to a 
prospective student athlete from an associated 
entity or individual of an institution for which 
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the prospective student athlete is being recruited) 
for any license or use of the name, image, and 
likeness rights of such student athlete or prospec-
tive student athlete (or any other license or use), 
unless the license or use is for a valid business 
purpose related to the promotion or endorsement 
of goods or services provided to the general public 
for profit, with compensation at rates and terms 
commensurate with compensation paid to indi-
viduals with name, image, and likeness rights of 
comparable value who are not student athletes or 
prospective student athletes with respect to such 
institution; and 
(B) compensation to a student athlete (or a 
prospective student athlete) if such compensation 
is paid by or on behalf of the institution at 
which the student athlete is enrolled (or for 
which the prospective student athlete is being re-
cruited) and results in the exceeding of the pool 
limit established by the interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association of which such institution is 
a member. 
(20) PROSPECTIVE
STUDENT
ATHLETE.—The 
term ‘‘prospective student athlete’’ means an indi-
vidual who is solicited to enroll at an institution by, 
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or at the direction of, an employee or an associated 
entity or individual of the institution in order for 
such individual to participate in a varsity sports 
team of such institution. 
(21) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
and each commonwealth, territory, or possession of 
the United States. 
(22) STUDENT
ATHLETE.—The term ‘‘student 
athlete’’ means an individual who— 
(A) is enrolled or has agreed to enroll at an 
institution; and 
(B) participates in a varsity sports team of 
such institution. 
(23) VARSITY SPORTS TEAM.—The term ‘‘varsity 
sports team’’ means an entity composed of an indi-
vidual or group of individuals enrolled at an institu-
tion that is organized by such institution for the pur-
pose of participation in intercollegiate athletic com-
petitions. 
SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS 
RIGHTS OF STUDENT ATHLETES. 
(a) RIGHT TO ENTER INTO NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKE-
NESS AGREEMENTS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—No institution, conference, or 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association may re-
strict the ability of a student athlete to enter into a 
name, image, and likeness agreement. 
(2) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(A) PROHIBITED
COMPENSATION.—Para-
graph (1) does not apply with respect to a name, 
image, and likeness agreement to the extent such 
agreement provides prohibited compensation. 
(B) CODES OF CONDUCT AND CONFLICTING 
AGREEMENTS.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1), 
an institution may restrict the ability of a stu-
dent athlete of such institution (including a pro-
spective student athlete who has agreed to attend 
such institution) to enter into a name, image, 
and likeness agreement that— 
(i) violates the code of conduct of such 
institution; or 
(ii) conflicts with the terms of a con-
tract or similar agreement to which such 
institution is a party. 
(b) RIGHT TO REPRESENTATION.—Except as provided 
by this Act, no institution, conference, or interstate inter-
collegiate athletic association may restrict the ability of a 
student athlete to obtain an agent. 
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(c) RIGHT TO PRIVACY.—Except as provided by this 
Act, no institution, conference, or interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association may release information with respect 
to a name, image, and likeness agreement without the ex-
press written consent of any student athlete who is a party 
to such agreement. 
(d) RIGHT TO TRANSPARENT AGREEMENTS.—A name, 
image, and likeness agreement under which a student ath-
lete is provided compensation in an amount greater than 
$600 shall be considered void from the inception of such 
agreement if such agreement does not satisfy the following: 
(1) The agreement is in writing. 
(2) The agreement contains the following: 
(A) A description of any services to be ren-
dered under the agreement. 
(B) The names of the parties to the agree-
ment. 
(C) The term of the agreement. 
(D) The amount of compensation to be pro-
vided to the student athlete under the agreement. 
(E) 
A 
provision 
specifying 
the 
cir-
cumstances or events under which the agreement 
may be terminated due to non-performance of 
obligations by the student athlete. 
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(F) A provision specifying that the student 
athlete may terminate the agreement, notwith-
standing any other term described in the agree-
ment, beginning on the date that is 6 months 
after the date on which the student athlete is no 
longer enrolled at any institution. 
(G) The signature of the student athlete or, 
if the student athlete is under the age of 18 
years, the signature of the parent or guardian of 
the student athlete. 
(e) ACTIONS BY STATES.—In any case in which the 
attorney general of a State, or an official or agency of a 
State, has reason to believe that an interest of the residents 
of such State has been or is threatened or adversely affected 
by an act or practice in violation of this section, the State, 
as parens patriae, may bring a civil action on behalf of 
the residents of the State in an appropriate State court or 
an appropriate district court of the United States to— 
(1) enjoin such act or practice; 
(2) enforce compliance with this section; 
(3) obtain damages, restitution, or other com-
pensation on behalf of residents of the State; or 
(4) obtain such other legal and equitable relief as 
the court may consider to be appropriate. 
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SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT. 
The Sports Agent Responsibility and Trust Act (15 
U.S.C. 7801 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) in section 3(a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and 
(3) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) charge a student athlete a fee with respect 
to an endorsement contract that is in an amount that 
is greater than 5 percent of the amount of the com-
pensation provided to such student athlete under such 
contract; 
‘‘(3) enter into an agency contract with a stu-
dent athlete that does not include a provision speci-
fying that the student athlete may terminate the 
agency contract, notwithstanding any other term de-
scribed in the agency contract, beginning on the date 
that is 6 months after the date on which the student 
athlete is no longer enrolled at any institution (as de-
fined in section 2 of the SCORE Act);’’; 
(2) in section 3(b)(3), by striking ‘‘Warning to 
Student Athlete: If you agree orally or in writing to 
be represented by an agent now or in the future you 
may lose your eligibility to compete as a student ath-
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lete in your sport.’’ and inserting ‘‘Notice to Student 
Athlete:’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, 
IMAGE, AND LIKENESS AGREEMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An athlete agent who assists a stu-
dent athlete with an endorsement contract shall disclose in 
writing to the student athlete— 
‘‘(1) whether the athlete agent is registered with 
an interstate intercollegiate athletic association (as 
defined in section 2 of the SCORE Act); and 
‘‘(2) if the athlete agent is registered with an 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association, whether 
the athlete agent is registered with the interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association that has as a mem-
ber the institution (as defined in section 2 of the 
SCORE Act) at which the student athlete is enrolled. 
‘‘(b) CONSENT.—In the case of an athlete agent who 
is not registered with an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association, the athlete agent may only assist a student ath-
lete with an endorsement contract if the student athlete (or, 
in the case of a student athlete who is under 18 years of 
age, the parent or guardian of the student athlete) provides 
to the athlete agent written consent for such assistance after 
receiving the disclosure under subsection (a). 
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‘‘(c) ENFORCEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If an attorney general of a 
State has reason to believe that an interest of the resi-
dents of that State has been or is threatened or ad-
versely affected by the engagement of any athlete 
agent in a practice that violates this section, the at-
torney general may bring a civil action pursuant to 
section 5 in the same manner as the attorney general 
may bring a civil action with respect to a violation 
of section 3. 
‘‘(2) SOLE AUTHORITY.—No individual or entity 
other than an attorney general of a State may enforce 
this section. 
‘‘(3) NO
FEDERAL
NOTICE
NECESSARY.—Sub-
sections (a)(2), (b), and (d) of section 5 do not apply 
to an action brought by an attorney general of a 
State pursuant to this subsection.’’. 
SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INSTITU-
TIONS. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—An institution described in sub-
section (c) shall— 
(1) provide comprehensive academic support and 
career counseling services to student athletes that in-
clude life skills development programs with respect 
to— 
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(A) mental health, including alcohol and 
substance abuse; 
(B) strength and conditioning; 
(C) nutrition; 
(D) name, image, and likeness rights, in-
cluding related legal advice; 
(E) financial literacy, including taxes; 
(F) career readiness and counseling; 
(G) the process for transferring between in-
stitutions; and 
(H) sexual violence prevention; 
(2) provide medical and health benefits to stu-
dent athletes that include— 
(A) medical care, including payment of out- 
of-pocket expenses, for an injury of a student 
athlete incurred during the involvement of such 
student athlete in intercollegiate athletics for 
such institution that is available to the student 
athlete during the period of enrollment of the 
student athlete with such institution and a pe-
riod of at least 3 years following graduation or 
separation from such institution (unless such 
separation is due to violation of a code of con-
duct); 
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(B) mental health services and support, in-
cluding mental health educational materials and 
resources; 
(C) an administrative structure that pro-
vides independent medical care, including with 
respect to decisions regarding return to play; 
and 
(D) a certification of insurance coverage for 
medical expenses resulting from injuries of stu-
dent athletes incurred during the involvement of 
such student athletes in intercollegiate athletics 
for such institution; 
(3) maintain a grant-in-aid provided to a stu-
dent athlete in relation to the involvement of such stu-
dent athlete in intercollegiate athletics during the pe-
riod of that grant-in-aid for such institution without 
regard to— 
(A) athletic performance; 
(B) contribution to team success; 
(C) injury, illness, or physical or mental 
condition; or 
(D) receipt of compensation pursuant to a 
name, image, and likeness agreement; 
(4) provide a degree completion program— 
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(A) for each former student athlete of such 
institution who received a grant-in-aid from 
such institution and did not graduate from such 
institution; and 
(B) that provides financial aid to such 
former student athlete in an amount that is 
based on the average annual grant-in-aid pro-
vided to such former student athlete during the 
period that such former student athlete partici-
pated on a varsity sports team of the institution; 
and 
(5) establish, not later than July 1, 2027, and 
thereafter maintain, at least 16 varsity sports teams. 
(b) COLLABORATION.—An institution may carry out 
subsection (a) in conjunction with a conference or interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association. 
(c) APPLICABILITY.—An institution is described in 
this subsection if any member of the coaching staff of a var-
sity sports team of such institution earns more than 
$250,000 in base salary annually (as adjusted on July 1 
each year by the percentage increase (if any), during the 
preceding 12-month period, in the Consumer Price Index 
for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor 
Statistics). 
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SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATH-
LETIC ASSOCIATIONS. 
(a) AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH RULES.—An interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association is authorized to establish 
and enforce rules with respect to— 
(1) requiring a student athlete or prospective 
student athlete to disclose, in a timely manner, the 
terms of a name, image, and likeness agreement en-
tered into by such student athlete; 
(2) establishing and implementing a process to 
collect and publicly share aggregated and anonymized 
data related to the name, image, and likeness agree-
ments of student athletes (without regard to whether 
such an agreement includes an institution as a party 
to the agreement); 
(3) prohibited compensation, including processes 
for dispute resolution and penalties, if such rules pro-
vide that a student athlete does not lose eligibility to 
compete in intercollegiate athletic competitions while 
a process for dispute resolution is ongoing; 
(4) setting parameters for the manner in which 
and the time period during which student athletes 
and prospective student athletes may be recruited for 
intercollegiate athletics; 
(5) calculating a pool limit, if such rules provide 
that such pool limit is at least 22 percent of the aver-
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age annual college sports revenue of the 70 highest 
earning (with respect to such revenue) member insti-
tutions of such interstate intercollegiate athletic asso-
ciation (or, if such interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association has fewer than 70 members, the average 
annual college sports revenue of all members), and 
monitoring payments of compensation related to such 
pool limit; 
(6) setting parameters for the manner in which 
a student athlete may transfer between institutions, if 
such rules provide that— 
(A) on at least 1 occasion each student ath-
lete may transfer between institutions and be im-
mediately eligible to participate on a varsity 
sports team of the institution to which the stu-
dent athlete transfers (if academically eligible to 
participate); and 
(B) an institution to which a student ath-
lete is transferring or is considering transferring 
shall provide to such student athlete, at the re-
quest of such student athlete, in writing and at 
a reasonable time prior to completion of the 
transfer, a notice of the previously earned aca-
demic credits of such student athlete that such 
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tion may establish membership qualifications, remove 
members, and otherwise regulate participation; and 
(10) intercollegiate athletic competitions and 
playing seasons, including rules with respect to sea-
son length, maximum number of contests, and student 
athlete time demands (whether during a playing sea-
son or outside of such season). 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) AUTHORITY CONDITIONED ON COMPLIANCE.— 
An interstate intercollegiate athletic association is 
only authorized to establish and enforce rules under 
subsection (a) if such interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association is in compliance with this subsection and 
section 3. 
(2) GOVERNANCE
STRUCTURE.—An interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association (except for an 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association that is 
also a conference) shall carry out the following: 
(A) Ensure that the membership of any 
board, committee, or other similar body of such 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association, if 
tasked with a decision-making role (including a 
decision-making role with respect to establishing 
or enforcing a rule under section 6(a)), satisfies 
the following: 
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(i) Not less than 20 percent of the 
members of the board, committee, or body 
are individuals who are student athletes or 
were student athletes at any point during 
the preceding 10-year period, with— 
(I) men and women equally rep-
resented with respect to such individ-
uals; and 
(II) each such individual partici-
pating in or having participated in a 
different sport. 
(ii) Not less than 30 percent of the 
members of the board, committee, or body 
represent institutions that are not among 
the 70 highest earning member institutions 
of such interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation with respect to annual college 
sports revenue. 
(B) Establish a council to serve as the pri-
mary deliberative body of the interstate inter-
collegiate athletic association and that is— 
(i) responsible for developing proposals 
with respect to policy; and 
(ii) composed of individuals who rep-
resent each conference that is a member of 
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such interstate intercollegiate athletic asso-
ciation. 
SEC. 7. LIABILITY LIMITATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Adoption of, agreement to, compli-
ance with, or enforcement of any rule, regulation, require-
ment, standard, or other provision established pursuant to, 
or in compliance with, section 6 of this Act shall be treated 
as lawful under the antitrust laws and any similar State 
provision having the force and effect of law. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in subsection 
(a) may be construed to limit or otherwise affect any provi-
sion of law, including any provision of Federal or State 
law or the common law, other than the antitrust laws and 
any similar State provision having the force and effect of 
law. 
SEC. 8. EMPLOYMENT STANDING. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or 
State law, no individual may be considered an employee 
of an institution, a conference, or an interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association based on the participation of such 
individual on a varsity sports team or in an intercollegiate 
athletic competition as a student athlete, without regard to 
the existence of rules or requirements for being a member 
of such team or for participating in such competition. 
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SEC. 9. STUDENT ATHLETIC FEES. 
(a) TRANSPARENCY REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ACTIVITIES.— 
Section 485(a)(1)(E) of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(a)(1)(E)) is amended by insert-
ing ‘‘(including the amount of such fees used to sup-
port intercollegiate athletic programs)’’ after ‘‘and 
fees’’. 
(2) DATA REQUIRED.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Section 485(g) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1092(g)) is amended— 
(i) in paragraph (1), by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(K) With respect to fees charged to stu-
dents to support intercollegiate athletic pro-
grams— 
‘‘(i) the total amount of such fees 
charged to students; 
‘‘(ii) the uses of such fees with respect 
to facilities, operating expenses, scholar-
ships, payments to athletes, salaries of 
coaches and support staff, and any other ex-
penses reported under this paragraph; and 
‘‘(iii) the percentage of the total cost of 
such programs covered by such fees.’’; and 
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(ii) in paragraph (3)— 
(I) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
(II) by striking ‘‘that all stu-
dents’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘that— 
‘‘(A) all students’’; and 
(III) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) with respect to the information de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(K), the institution shall 
annually publish such information on a publicly 
available website of the institution not later than 
October 15 following the end of each fiscal year 
of the institution.’’. 
(B) EFFECTIVE
DATE.—The amendments 
made by subparagraph (A) shall take effect and 
apply beginning on July 1, 2026. 
(b) RESTRICTING STUDENT FEES FOR HIGH-MEDIA- 
RIGHTS-REVENUE INSTITUTIONS.— 
(1) 
MEDIA
RIGHTS
REVENUES.—Section 
485(g)(1)(I)(ii) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1092(a)(1)(I)(ii)) is amended by striking 
‘‘broadcast revenues’’ and inserting ‘‘media rights rev-
enues (including revenues from broadcasting, stream-
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ing, or digital distribution of intercollegiate athletic 
events)’’. 
(2) PROGRAM
PARTICIPATION
AGREEMENTS.— 
Section 487(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1094(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(30) In the case of an institution that, for the 
most recently completed fiscal year, had annual 
media rights revenues (as described in section 
485(g)(1)(I)(ii)) of $50,000,000 or more, the institu-
tion will not, for the fiscal year immediately fol-
lowing such fiscal year, use student fees to support 
intercollegiate athletic programs, including with re-
spect to facilities, operating expenses (as defined in 
section 485(g)), scholarships, payments to athletes, 
salaries of coaches and support staff, and any other 
expenses reported under section 485(g)(1).’’. 
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect and apply begin-
ning on July 1, 2026. 
SEC. 10. PREEMPTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No State, or political subdivision 
of a State, may maintain, enforce, prescribe, or continue 
in effect any law, rule, regulation, requirement, standard, 
or other provision having the force and effect of law that 
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conflicts with this Act, including the amendments made by 
this Act, and that— 
(1) governs or regulates the compensation, pay-
ment, benefits, or employment status of a student ath-
lete (including a prospective student athlete) with re-
spect to participation in intercollegiate athletics, in-
cluding any law, rule, regulation, requirement, stand-
ard, or other provision that— 
(A) relates to the right of a student athlete 
to receive compensation or other payments or 
benefits directly or indirectly from any institu-
tion, associated entity or individual, conference, 
or interstate intercollegiate athletic association; 
or 
(B) relates to the length of time a student 
athlete is eligible to participate in intercollegiate 
athletics or the academic standards to be eligible 
to participate in intercollegiate athletics; 
(2) limits or restricts a right provided to an in-
stitution, a conference, or an interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association under this Act; or 
(3) requires a release of or license to use the 
name, image, and likeness rights of any individual 
participant, or group of participants, in an inter-
collegiate athletic competition (or an individual spec-
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tator or group of spectators at an intercollegiate ath-
letic competition) for purposes of audio-visual, audio, 
or visual broadcasts or other distributions of such 
intercollegiate athletic competition. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in subsection 
(a) may be construed to— 
(1) relieve any person of liability under a State 
law of general applicability that does not conflict 
with this Act, including the amendments made by 
this Act; or 
(2) relieve any person of liability under common 
law. 
SEC. 11. REPORTS. 
(a) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION STUDY.— 
(1) STUDY.—The Federal Trade Commission 
shall conduct a study to analyze the impacts of estab-
lishing a program, administered by an entity inde-
pendent of any institution, conference, or interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association, to develop stand-
ards for, certify as compliant with such standards, 
and otherwise regulate agents who enter into agree-
ments with student athletes, which shall include an 
analysis of— 
(A) options for establishing such a program; 
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(B) potential sources of funding for such a 
program; 
(C) a reasonable timeline for establishing 
such a program; and 
(D) the costs and benefits associated with 
such a program. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade 
Commission shall submit to Congress a report on the 
results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), 
which shall include legislative recommendations with 
respect to the establishment and funding of the pro-
gram described in such paragraph. 
(b) COMPLIANCE REPORTING.— 
(1) BIENNIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 
2 years thereafter, each interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association shall submit to Congress a report 
that includes— 
(A) a summary of the issues faced by such 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association re-
lating to compliance with this Act, including the 
amendments made by this Act; 
(B) a summary of the trends among institu-
tions, conferences, and interstate intercollegiate 
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athletic associations relating to such compliance; 
and 
(C) recommendations to improve the health, 
safety, and educational opportunities of student 
athletes. 
(2) COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT.—Not later 
than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall— 
(A) conduct an investigation with respect to 
compliance with this Act, including the amend-
ments made by this Act; and 
(B) submit to Congress a report that in-
cludes— 
(i) a summary of the findings of the 
investigation conducted under subpara-
graph (A); and 
(ii) recommendations to improve the 
health, safety, and educational opportuni-
ties of student athletes. 
(c) STUDY ON OLYMPIC SPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study— 
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(A) to assess the impact of this Act on 
Olympic Sports, including the funding of Olym-
pic Sports; and 
(B) to develop recommendations for support 
of Olympic Sports, given the unique nature of 
Olympic Sports and intercollegiate athletics in 
the United States. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The study conducted under 
paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) a survey of international models of sup-
port for Olympic Sports, including models that 
could be adapted to the unique nature of Olym-
pic Sports and intercollegiate athletics in the 
United States; 
(B) the projected scale and magnitude of 
potential support for Olympic Sports, given his-
toric levels of support provided by institutions; 
(C) the coordination required to develop 
and cultivate Olympic Sports at institutions; 
and 
(D) an analysis of the trends with respect 
to roster sizes for Olympic Sports at institutions, 
with a focus on the top 70 highest earning insti-
tutions with respect to average annual college 
sports revenue. 
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(3) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall submit to Congress 
a report on the results of the study conducted under 
paragraph (1). 
(4) OLYMPIC
SPORTS
DEFINED.—In this sub-
section, the term ‘‘Olympic Sports’’ means the sports 
officially recognized and contested during the Sum-
mer and Winter Olympic Games. 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Student 
Compensation 
and 
Opportunity 
through 
Rights and Endorsements Act’’ or the ‘‘SCORE 
Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AGENT.—The term ‘‘agent’’ means 
an individual who receives compensation 
to represent a student athlete with re-
spect to— 
(A) a name, image, and likeness 
agreement; or 
(B) another agreement for com-
pensation related to the participation 
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of such student athlete on a varsity 
sports team. 
(2) ANTITRUST LAWS.—The term ‘‘anti-
trust laws’’ has the meaning given such 
term in the 1st section of the Clayton Act 
(15 U.S.C. 12) and includes section 5 of 
the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
U.S.C. 45) to the extent that such section 
5 applies to unfair methods of competi-
tion. 
(3) 
ASSOCIATED
ENTITY
OR
INDI-
VIDUAL.—The term ‘‘associated entity or 
individual’’ means, with respect to an in-
stitution, each of the following: 
(A) An entity that is known or 
should be known to the employees of 
the athletic department of such insti-
tution to exist, in significant part, for 
the purpose of— 
(i) promoting or supporting 
the varsity sports teams or stu-
dent athletes of such institution; 
or 
(ii) creating or identifying op-
portunities 
relating 
to 
name, 
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image, and likeness agreements 
solely for the student athletes of 
such institution. 
(B) An individual who is or has 
been a member, employee, director, 
officer, owner, or other representa-
tive of an entity described in sub-
paragraph (A). 
(C) An individual who directly or 
indirectly (including through con-
tributions by an entity affiliated with 
such individual or an immediate fam-
ily member of such individual) has 
contributed more than $50,000 (as ad-
justed on July 1 each year by the per-
centage increase (if any), during the 
preceding 12-month period, in the 
Consumer Price Index for All Urban 
Consumers published by the Bureau 
of Labor Statistics) over the lifetime 
of the individual to the athletic pro-
grams of such institution or to an en-
tity described in subparagraph (A). 
(D) An individual or entity who— 
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(i) is directed or requested by 
the employees of the athletic de-
partment of such institution to as-
sist in the recruitment or reten-
tion of prospective student ath-
letes or student athletes, respec-
tively; or 
(ii) otherwise assists in such 
recruitment or retention. 
(E) Any entity (other than a pub-
licly traded corporation) owned, con-
trolled, operated by, or otherwise af-
filiated with an individual or entity 
described in subparagraph (A), (B), 
(C), or (D). 
(4) COLLEGE
SPORTS
REVENUE.—The 
term ‘‘college sports revenue’’ means any 
revenue (without regard to ownership or 
legal title to such revenue) received by 
an institution with respect to intercolle-
giate athletics— 
(A) from the sale of admission to 
intercollegiate athletic competitions 
or any other event involving a varsity 
sports team, including actual mone-
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tary revenue received by or for the 
benefit of such institution for a suite 
license (unless such suite license is 
associated with philanthropy or any 
purpose not related to intercollegiate 
athletic 
competitions, 
including 
a 
concert); 
(B) from participation by the var-
sity sports teams of such institution 
in intercollegiate athletic competi-
tions held at other institutions, in-
cluding payments received due to 
cancellations of such intercollegiate 
athletic competitions; 
(C) for radio, television, internet, 
digital, and e-commerce rights, in-
cluding revenue relating to media 
rights distributed by a conference to 
members of the conference, if appli-
cable; 
(D) from an interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association, including 
any grant, distribution of revenue, re-
imbursement relating to travel with 
respect to a championship of such 
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interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation, and payment for hosting 
such a championship; 
(E) generated by a post-season 
football bowl, including any distribu-
tion of revenue by a conference to 
members of the conference and any 
other payment related to the partici-
pation of such institution in such 
post-season football bowl, including 
for ticket sales and reimbursement of 
expenses; 
(F) from a conference, other than 
any revenue otherwise described in 
this paragraph; 
(G) for sponsorships, licensing 
agreements, 
advertisements, 
royal-
ties, and in-kind products and serv-
ices as part of a sponsorship agree-
ment; or 
(H) relating to any additional 
form of revenue, including fund-
raising, an interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association uses with respect 
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to the pool limit of such interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association. 
(5) COMPENSATION.—The term ‘‘com-
pensation’’— 
(A) means, with respect to a stu-
dent athlete or a prospective student 
athlete, any form of payment or re-
muneration, 
whether 
provided 
through cash, benefits, awards, or 
any other means, including payments 
for— 
(i) licenses relating to, or the 
use of, name, image, and likeness 
rights; or 
(ii) licenses relating to, or the 
use of, any other Federal or State 
intellectual or intangible prop-
erty right; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) grants-in-aid; 
(ii) Federal Pell Grants and 
other Federal or State grants un-
related to and not awarded with 
regard to participation in inter-
collegiate athletics; 
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(iii) health insurance and pay-
ments for the costs of health care, 
including health insurance and 
payments for the costs of health 
care wholly or partly self-funded 
by an institution, conference, or 
interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association; 
(iv) 
disability 
and 
loss-of- 
value insurance, including dis-
ability and loss-of-value insurance 
that is wholly or partly self-fund-
ed by an institution, conference, 
or interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association; 
(v) 
career 
counseling, 
job 
placement 
services, 
and 
other 
guidance available to all students 
at an institution; 
(vi) payment of hourly wages 
and benefits for work actually 
performed (and not for participa-
tion in intercollegiate athletics) at 
a rate commensurate with the 
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going rate in the locality of an in-
stitution for similar work; 
(vii) academic awards paid to 
student athletes by institutions; 
(viii) provision of financial lit-
eracy or tax education resources 
and guidance; or 
(ix) any program to connect 
student athletes with employers 
and facilitate employment oppor-
tunities, if— 
(I) the financial terms of 
such employment opportuni-
ties are consistent with the 
terms offered to similarly sit-
uated employees who are not 
student athletes; and 
(II) such program is not 
used to induce a student ath-
lete to attend a particular in-
stitution. 
(6) 
CONFERENCE.—The 
term 
‘‘con-
ference’’ means an entity that— 
(A) has as members 2 or more in-
stitutions; 
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(B) arranges regular season inter-
collegiate athletic competitions and 
championships for such members; 
and 
(C) sets rules with respect to such 
intercollegiate athletic competitions 
and championships. 
(7) COST
OF
ATTENDANCE.—The term 
‘‘cost of attendance’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 472 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1087ll). 
(8) GRANT-IN-AID.—The term ‘‘grant-in- 
aid’’ means a scholarship, grant, stipend, 
or other form of financial assistance, in-
cluding the provision of tuition, room, 
board, books, or funds for fees or per-
sonal expenses, that— 
(A) is paid or provided by an in-
stitution to a student for the under-
graduate or graduate course of study 
of the student; and 
(B) is in an amount that does not 
exceed the cost of attendance at the 
institution for such student. 
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(9) IMAGE.—The term ‘‘image’’ means, 
with respect to a student athlete, a pic-
ture or a video that identifies, is linked 
to, or is reasonably linkable to such stu-
dent athlete. 
(10) INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘institu-
tion’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘in-
stitution of higher education’’ in section 
102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1002). 
(11) INTERCOLLEGIATE
ATHLETIC
COM-
PETITION.—The term ‘‘intercollegiate ath-
letic competition’’ means any contest, 
game, meet, match, tournament, regatta, 
or other event in which varsity sports 
teams of more than 1 institution compete. 
(12) INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS.—The 
term ‘‘intercollegiate athletics’’— 
(A) 
means 
the 
varsity 
sports 
teams for which the length of time a 
student athlete is eligible to partici-
pate and the academic standards for 
participation are established by a 
conference or an interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association; and 
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(B) does not include any rec-
reational, intramural, or club teams. 
(13) INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATH-
LETIC ASSOCIATION.—The term ‘‘interstate 
intercollegiate 
athletic 
association’’ 
means— 
(A) any entity that— 
(i) sets common rules, stand-
ards, procedures, or guidelines 
for the administration and regula-
tion of varsity sports teams and 
intercollegiate athletic competi-
tions; 
(ii) is composed of 2 or more 
institutions 
or 
conferences 
lo-
cated in more than 1 State; and 
(iii) has rules or bylaws pro-
hibiting the provision of prohib-
ited compensation to student ath-
letes and prospective student ath-
letes; and 
(B) does not include any entity af-
filiated 
with 
professional 
athletic 
competitions. 
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(14) LIKENESS.—The term ‘‘likeness’’ 
means, with respect to a student athlete, 
a physical or digital depiction or rep-
resentation that identifies, is linked to, or 
is reasonably linkable to such student 
athlete. 
(15) NAME.—The term ‘‘name’’ means, 
with respect to a student athlete, the 
first, middle, or last name, or the nick-
name or former name, of such student 
athlete if used in a context that identi-
fies, is linked to, or is reasonably linkable 
to such student athlete. 
(16) NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS AGREE-
MENT.—The term ‘‘name, image, and like-
ness agreement’’ means a contract or 
similar agreement under which a student 
athlete licenses or authorizes, or a con-
tract or similar agreement that otherwise 
is in relation to, the commercial use of 
the name, image, or likeness of the stu-
dent athlete. 
(17) 
NAME, 
IMAGE, 
AND
LIKENESS 
RIGHTS.—The term ‘‘name, image, and 
likeness rights’’ means rights recognized 
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under Federal or State law that allow an 
individual to control and profit from the 
commercial use of the name, image, and 
likeness of such individual, including all 
rights commonly referred to as ‘‘publicity 
rights’’. 
(18) POOL
LIMIT.—The term ‘‘pool 
limit’’ means a dollar amount based on 
college sports revenue that— 
(A) is calculated and published by 
an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association pursuant to the rules the 
interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation establishes under section 6; 
and 
(B) serves as the annual max-
imum amount that an institution that 
is a member of such interstate inter-
collegiate athletic association may 
provide, in total, to student athletes 
of such institution, including in the 
form of a name, image, and likeness 
agreement or direct payment. 
(19) PROHIBITED
COMPENSATION.—The 
term ‘‘prohibited compensation’’ means— 
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(A) compensation (including an 
agreement for compensation) to a stu-
dent athlete from an associated entity 
or individual of the institution at 
which the student athlete is enrolled 
(or to a prospective student athlete 
from an associated entity or indi-
vidual of an institution for which the 
prospective student athlete is being 
recruited) for any license or use of 
the name, image, and likeness rights 
of such student athlete or prospective 
student athlete (or any other license 
or use), unless the license or use is 
for a valid business purpose related 
to the promotion or endorsement of 
goods or services provided to the gen-
eral public for profit, with compensa-
tion at rates and terms commensu-
rate with compensation paid to indi-
viduals with name, image, and like-
ness rights of comparable value who 
are not student athletes or prospec-
tive student athletes with respect to 
such institution; and 
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(B) compensation to a student 
athlete (or a prospective student ath-
lete) if such compensation is paid by 
or on behalf of the institution at 
which the student athlete is enrolled 
(or for which the prospective student 
athlete is being recruited) and results 
in the exceeding of the pool limit es-
tablished by the interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association of which 
such institution is a member. 
(20) PROSPECTIVE STUDENT ATHLETE.— 
The term ‘‘prospective student athlete’’ 
means an individual who is solicited to 
enroll at an institution by, or at the di-
rection of, an employee or an associated 
entity or individual of the institution in 
order for such individual to participate 
in a varsity sports team of such institu-
tion. 
(21) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means 
each State of the United States, the Dis-
trict of Columbia, and each common-
wealth, territory, or possession of the 
United States. 
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(22) 
STUDENT
ATHLETE.—The 
term 
‘‘student athlete’’ means an individual 
who— 
(A) is enrolled or has agreed to 
enroll at an institution; and 
(B) 
participates 
in 
a 
varsity 
sports team of such institution. 
(23) VARSITY SPORTS TEAM.—The term 
‘‘varsity sports team’’ means an entity 
composed of an individual or group of in-
dividuals enrolled at an institution that 
is organized by such institution for the 
purpose of participation in intercolle-
giate athletic competitions. 
SEC. 3. PROTECTION OF NAME, IMAGE, AND LIKENESS 
RIGHTS OF STUDENT ATHLETES. 
(a) RIGHT TO ENTER INTO NAME, IMAGE, AND 
LIKENESS AGREEMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—No institution, con-
ference, or interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association may restrict the ability 
of a student athlete to enter into a name, 
image, and likeness agreement. 
(2) EXCEPTIONS.— 
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(A) PROHIBITED
COMPENSATION.— 
Paragraph (1) does not apply with re-
spect to a name, image, and likeness 
agreement to the extent such agree-
ment provides prohibited compensa-
tion. 
(B) CODES
OF
CONDUCT
AND
CON-
FLICTING
AGREEMENTS.—Notwith-
standing paragraph (1), an institution 
may restrict the ability of a student 
athlete of such institution (including 
a prospective student athlete who has 
agreed to attend such institution) to 
enter into a name, image, and like-
ness agreement that— 
(i) violates the code of con-
duct of such institution; or 
(ii) conflicts with the terms of 
a contract or similar agreement 
to which such institution is a 
party. 
(b) RIGHT TO REPRESENTATION.—Except as 
provided by this Act, no institution, con-
ference, or interstate intercollegiate athletic 
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association may restrict the ability of a stu-
dent athlete to obtain an agent. 
(c) RIGHT TO PRIVACY.—Except as provided 
by this Act, no institution, conference, or 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
may release information with respect to a 
name, image, and likeness agreement without 
the express written consent of any student 
athlete who is a party to such agreement. 
(d) RIGHT TO TRANSPARENT AGREEMENTS.— 
A name, image, and likeness agreement under 
which a student athlete is provided com-
pensation in an amount greater than $600 
shall be considered void from the inception of 
such agreement if such agreement does not 
satisfy the following: 
(1) The agreement is in writing. 
(2) The agreement contains the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A description of any services 
to be rendered under the agreement. 
(B) The names of the parties to 
the agreement. 
(C) The term of the agreement. 
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(D) The amount of compensation 
to be provided to the student athlete 
under the agreement. 
(E) A provision specifying the cir-
cumstances or events under which 
the agreement may be terminated 
due to non-performance of obliga-
tions by the student athlete. 
(F) A provision specifying that 
the student athlete may terminate the 
agreement, 
notwithstanding 
any 
other term described in the agree-
ment, beginning on the date that is 6 
months after the date on which the 
student athlete is no longer enrolled 
at any institution. 
(G) The signature of the student 
athlete or, if the student athlete is 
under the age of 18 years, the signa-
ture of the parent or guardian of the 
student athlete. 
(e) ACTIONS
BY STATES.—In any case in 
which the attorney general of a State, or an 
official or agency of a State, has reason to be-
lieve that an interest of the residents of such 
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State has been or is threatened or adversely 
affected by an act or practice in violation of 
this section, the State, as parens patriae, may 
bring a civil action on behalf of the residents 
of the State in an appropriate State court or 
an appropriate district court of the United 
States to— 
(1) enjoin such act or practice; 
(2) enforce compliance with this sec-
tion; 
(3) obtain damages, restitution, or 
other compensation on behalf of resi-
dents of the State; or 
(4) obtain such other legal and equi-
table relief as the court may consider to 
be appropriate. 
SEC. 4. SPORTS AGENT RESPONSIBILITY AND TRUST ACT. 
The Sports Agent Responsibility and 
Trust Act (15 U.S.C. 7801 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) in section 3(b)(3), by striking 
‘‘Warning to Student Athlete: If you agree 
orally or in writing to be represented by 
an agent now or in the future you may 
lose your eligibility to compete as a stu-
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dent athlete in your sport.’’ and inserting 
‘‘Notice to Student Athlete:’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 9. DISCLOSURE AND CONSENT RELATING TO NAME, 
IMAGE, AND LIKENESS AGREEMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An athlete agent who 
assists a student athlete with an endorsement 
contract shall disclose in writing to the stu-
dent athlete— 
‘‘(1) whether the athlete agent is reg-
istered with an interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association (as defined in section 
2 of the SCORE Act); and 
‘‘(2) if the athlete agent is registered 
with an interstate intercollegiate athletic 
association, whether the athlete agent is 
registered with the interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association that has as a 
member the institution (as defined in sec-
tion 2 of the SCORE Act) at which the 
student athlete is enrolled. 
‘‘(b) CONSENT.—In the case of an athlete 
agent who is not registered with an interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association, the ath-
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lete agent may only assist a student athlete 
with an endorsement contract if the student 
athlete (or, in the case of a student athlete 
who is under 18 years of age, the parent or 
guardian of the student athlete) provides to 
the athlete agent written consent for such as-
sistance after receiving the disclosure under 
subsection (a). 
‘‘(c) ENFORCEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If an attorney gen-
eral of a State has reason to believe that 
an interest of the residents of that State 
has been or is threatened or adversely af-
fected by the engagement of any athlete 
agent in a practice that violates this sec-
tion, the attorney general may bring a 
civil action pursuant to section 5 in the 
same manner as the attorney general 
may bring a civil action with respect to a 
violation of section 3. 
‘‘(2) SOLE
AUTHORITY.—No individual 
or entity other than an attorney general 
of a State may enforce this section. 
‘‘(3) NO FEDERAL NOTICE NECESSARY.— 
Subsections (a)(2), (b), and (d) of section 
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5 do not apply to an action brought by an 
attorney general of a State pursuant to 
this subsection.’’. 
SEC. 5. REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN INSTITU-
TIONS. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—An institution de-
scribed in subsection (c) shall— 
(1) provide comprehensive academic 
support and career counseling services to 
student athletes that include life skills 
development programs with respect to— 
(A) mental health, including alco-
hol and substance abuse; 
(B) strength and conditioning; 
(C) nutrition; 
(D) name, image, and likeness 
rights; 
(E) access to legal and tax serv-
ices provided by entities other than 
an institution; 
(F) financial literacy; 
(G) career readiness and coun-
seling; 
(H) the process for transferring 
between institutions; and 
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(I) sexual violence prevention and 
consequences; 
(2) provide medical and health bene-
fits to student athletes that include— 
(A) medical care, including pay-
ment of out-of-pocket expenses, for an 
injury of a student athlete incurred 
during the involvement of such stu-
dent athlete in intercollegiate ath-
letics for such institution that is 
available to such student athlete dur-
ing the period of enrollment of such 
student athlete with such institution 
and a period of at least 3 years fol-
lowing graduation or separation from 
such institution (unless such separa-
tion is due to violation of a code of 
conduct); 
(B) mental health services and 
support, including mental health edu-
cational materials and resources; 
(C) an administrative structure 
that provides independent medical 
care, including with respect to deci-
sions regarding return to play; and 
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(D) a certification of insurance 
coverage for medical expenses result-
ing from injuries of student athletes 
incurred during the involvement of 
such student athletes in intercolle-
giate athletics for such institution; 
(3) maintain a grant-in-aid provided 
to a student athlete in relation to the in-
volvement of such student athlete in 
intercollegiate athletics during the pe-
riod of that grant-in-aid for such institu-
tion without regard to— 
(A) athletic performance; 
(B) contribution to team success; 
(C) injury, illness, or physical or 
mental condition; or 
(D) receipt of compensation pur-
suant to a name, image, and likeness 
agreement; 
(4) provide degree completion assist-
ance— 
(A) for each former student ath-
lete of such institution— 
(i) who received a grant-in-aid 
from such institution; 
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(ii) who was a student athlete 
at such institution on or after the 
date of enactment of this Act and 
who ceased participating as a stu-
dent athlete for a reason other 
than a reason described in clause 
(i) or (ii) of subparagraph (D); 
(iii) who has not received a 
bachelor’s degree (or an equiva-
lent degree) from any institution; 
and 
(iv) for whom such institution 
is the last institution such former 
student athlete attended; 
(B) that makes available to such 
former student athlete, for the period 
described in subparagraph (C) and 
subject to subparagraph (D), financial 
aid in an annual amount that is equal 
to the average annual grant-in-aid 
provided to such former student ath-
lete during the period that such 
former student athlete was a student 
athlete at such institution; 
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(C) for the period beginning on 
the last date of the final period of en-
rollment during which such former 
student athlete was a student athlete 
at such institution and ending on the 
date that such former student athlete 
completes a bachelor’s degree (or an 
equivalent degree), not to exceed 7 
years; and 
(D) that prohibits a former stu-
dent athlete from receiving the finan-
cial aid described in subparagraph 
(B) if such former student athlete— 
(i) fails to meet the institu-
tion’s academic progress require-
ments for the degree program; or 
(ii) violates the institution’s 
code of conduct; and 
(5) establish, not later than July 1, 
2027, and thereafter maintain, at least 16 
varsity sports teams and, if a recipient of 
Federal financial assistance, establish 
and maintain such teams in accordance 
with section 106.41(c) of title 34, Code of 
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Federal Regulations (or successor regula-
tions). 
(b) COLLABORATION.—An institution may 
carry out subsection (a) in conjunction with 
a conference or interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association. 
(c) APPLICABILITY.—An institution is de-
scribed in this subsection if such institution 
reports (as required under section 485(g) of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1092(g))) having generated not less than 
$20,000,000 (as adjusted on July 1 each year 
by the percentage increase (if any), during the 
preceding 12-month period, in the Consumer 
Price Index for All Urban Consumers pub-
lished by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) in 
total revenue derived by the institution from 
the institution’s intercollegiate athletics ac-
tivities during the preceding academic year, 
as determined in accordance with paragraph 
(1)(I) of section 485(g) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(g)), as 
amended by this Act. 
(d) 
PROGRAM
PARTICIPATION
AGREE-
MENTS.—Section 487(a) of the Higher Edu-
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cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(30) In the case of an institution de-
scribed in subsection (c) of section 5 of 
the SCORE Act, the institution will com-
ply with subsection (a) of such section.’’. 
SEC. 6. ROLES OF INTERSTATE INTERCOLLEGIATE ATH-
LETIC ASSOCIATIONS. 
(a) AUTHORITY
TO ESTABLISH RULES.—An 
interstate intercollegiate athletic association 
is authorized to establish and enforce rules 
with respect to— 
(1) requiring a student athlete or pro-
spective student athlete to disclose, in a 
timely manner, the terms of a name, 
image, and likeness agreement entered 
into by such student athlete; 
(2) establishing and implementing a 
process to collect and publicly share ag-
gregated and anonymized data related to 
the name, image, and likeness agree-
ments of student athletes (without regard 
to whether such an agreement includes 
an institution as a party to the agree-
ment); 
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(3) prohibited compensation, includ-
ing processes for dispute resolution and 
penalties, if such rules provide that a stu-
dent athlete does not lose eligibility to 
compete in intercollegiate athletic com-
petitions while a process for dispute reso-
lution is ongoing; 
(4) setting parameters for the manner 
in which and the time period during 
which student athletes and prospective 
student athletes may be recruited for 
intercollegiate athletics; 
(5) calculating a pool limit, if such 
rules provide that such pool limit is at 
least 22 percent of the average annual 
college sports revenue of the 70 highest 
earning (with respect to such revenue) 
member institutions of such interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association (or, if 
such interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation has fewer than 70 members, the 
average annual college sports revenue of 
all members), and monitoring payments 
of compensation related to such pool 
limit; 
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(6) setting parameters for the manner 
in which a student athlete may transfer 
between institutions, if such rules pro-
vide that— 
(A) on at least 1 occasion each 
student athlete may transfer between 
institutions and be immediately eligi-
ble to participate on a varsity sports 
team of the institution to which the 
student athlete transfers (if academi-
cally eligible to participate); and 
(B) an institution to which a stu-
dent athlete is transferring or is con-
sidering transferring shall provide to 
such student athlete, at the request of 
such student athlete, in writing and 
at a reasonable time prior to comple-
tion of the transfer, a notice of the 
previously earned academic credits of 
such student athlete that such insti-
tution will accept, including with re-
spect to the program of study of such 
student athlete; 
(7) the length of time a student ath-
lete is eligible to participate in intercolle-
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giate athletics and the academic stand-
ards to be eligible to participate in inter-
collegiate athletics; 
(8) establishing and implementing a 
process, including a database, with re-
spect to agent registration, including— 
(A) setting qualifications to be 
registered as an agent; 
(B) setting parameters for the 
ability of member institutions to ne-
gotiate with agents who are not reg-
istered under such process; and 
(C) limiting the amount of the 
compensation under a name, image, 
and likeness agreement between a 
student athlete and an institution 
that may be provided to the agent of 
such student athlete to not more than 
5 percent of such compensation; 
(9) the membership of, and participa-
tion in, such interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association (including any cham-
pionships administered by such inter-
state intercollegiate athletic association), 
under which such interstate intercolle-
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giate athletic association may establish 
membership qualifications, remove mem-
bers, and otherwise regulate participa-
tion; and 
(10) intercollegiate athletic competi-
tions and playing seasons, including rules 
with respect to season length, maximum 
number of contests, and student athlete 
time demands (whether during a playing 
season or outside of such season). 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) AUTHORITY CONDITIONED ON COMPLI-
ANCE.—An interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association is only authorized to es-
tablish and enforce rules under sub-
section (a) if such interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association is in compliance 
with this subsection and section 3. 
(2) 
GOVERNANCE
STRUCTURE.—An 
interstate intercollegiate athletic associa-
tion (except for an interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association that is also a 
conference) shall carry out the following: 
(A) Ensure that the membership 
of any board, committee, or other 
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similar body of such interstate inter-
collegiate 
athletic 
association, 
if 
tasked with a decision-making role 
(including 
a 
decision-making 
role 
with respect to establishing or enforc-
ing a rule under section 6(a)), satis-
fies the following: 
(i) Not less than 20 percent of 
the members of the board, com-
mittee, or body are individuals 
who are student athletes or were 
student athletes at any point dur-
ing the preceding 10-year period, 
with— 
(I) men and women equal-
ly represented with respect to 
such individuals; and 
(II) each such individual 
participating 
in 
or 
having 
participated 
in 
a 
different 
sport. 
(ii) Not less than 30 percent of 
the members of the board, com-
mittee, or body represent institu-
tions that are not among the 70 
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highest earning member institu-
tions of such interstate intercolle-
giate athletic association with re-
spect to annual college sports rev-
enue. 
(B) Establish a council to serve as 
the primary deliberative body of the 
interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation and that is— 
(i) responsible for developing 
proposals with respect to policy; 
and 
(ii) composed of individuals 
who represent each conference 
that is a member of such inter-
state intercollegiate athletic asso-
ciation. 
SEC. 7. TITLE IX. 
Nothing in this Act, or the amendments 
made by this Act, may be construed to limit 
or otherwise affect title IX of the Education 
Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.). 
SEC. 8. LIABILITY LIMITATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Adoption of, agreement 
to, compliance with, or enforcement of any 
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rule, regulation, requirement, standard, or 
other provision established pursuant to, or in 
compliance with, section 6 of this Act shall be 
treated as lawful under the antitrust laws and 
any similar State provision having the force 
and effect of law. 
(b) RULE
OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
subsection (a) may be construed to limit or 
otherwise affect any provision of law, includ-
ing any provision of Federal or State law or 
the common law, other than the antitrust 
laws and any similar State provision having 
the force and effect of law. 
SEC. 9. EMPLOYMENT STANDING. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of 
Federal or State law, no individual may be 
considered an employee of an institution, a 
conference, or an interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association based on the participa-
tion of such individual on a varsity sports 
team or in an intercollegiate athletic competi-
tion as a student athlete, without regard to 
the existence of rules or requirements for 
being a member of such team or for partici-
pating in such competition. 
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SEC. 10. STUDENT ATHLETIC FEES. 
(a) TRANSPARENCY REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ACTIVI-
TIES.—Section 485(a)(1)(E) of the Higher 
Education 
Act 
of 
1965 
(20 
U.S.C. 
1092(a)(1)(E)) is amended by inserting 
‘‘(including the amount of such fees used 
to support intercollegiate athletic pro-
grams)’’ after ‘‘and fees’’. 
(2) DATA REQUIRED.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 485(g) of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1092(g)) is amended— 
(i) in paragraph (1), by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘(K) With respect to fees charged 
to students to support intercollegiate 
athletic programs— 
‘‘(i) the total amount of such 
fees charged to students; 
‘‘(ii) the uses of such fees with 
respect to facilities, operating ex-
penses, scholarships, payments to 
athletes, salaries of coaches and 
support staff, and any other ex-
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penses reported under this para-
graph; and 
‘‘(iii) the percentage of the 
total cost of such programs cov-
ered by such fees.’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (3)— 
(I) by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; 
and’’; 
(II) by striking ‘‘that all 
students’’ and inserting the 
following: ‘‘that— 
‘‘(A) all students’’; and 
(III) by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(B) with respect to the informa-
tion described in paragraph (1)(K), 
the institution shall annually publish 
such information on a publicly avail-
able website of the institution not 
later than October 15 following the 
end of each fiscal year of the institu-
tion.’’. 
(B) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amend-
ments made by subparagraph (A) 
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shall take effect on July 1, 2026, and 
shall apply with respect to academic 
year 2026–2027 and each succeeding 
academic year. 
(b) RESTRICTING STUDENT FEES FOR HIGH- 
MEDIA-RIGHTS-REVENUE INSTITUTIONS.— 
(1) MEDIA RIGHTS REVENUES.—Section 
485(g)(1)(I)(ii) of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(g)(1)(I)(ii)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘broadcast reve-
nues’’ and inserting ‘‘media rights reve-
nues (including revenues from broad-
casting, streaming, or digital distribution 
of intercollegiate athletic events)’’. 
(2) PROGRAM
PARTICIPATION
AGREE-
MENTS.—Section 487(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)), as 
amended by this Act, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(31)(A) Beginning in academic year 
2028–2029, and each succeeding academic 
year, the institution will determine the 
average annual media rights revenue of 
such institution by averaging the media 
rights revenues reported under section 
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485(g)(1)(I) for the second and third pre-
ceding academic years. 
‘‘(B) In the case of an institution with 
an average annual media rights revenue 
of $50,000,000 or more, as determined 
under subparagraph (A) for an academic 
year, the institution will not, for the first 
academic year that begins after such aca-
demic year, use student fees to support 
intercollegiate athletic programs (includ-
ing with respect to facilities, operating 
expenses (as defined in section 485(g)(5)), 
scholarships, payments to athletes, sala-
ries of coaches and support staff, and any 
other expenses reported under section 
485(g)(1)).’’. 
SEC. 11. PREEMPTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No State, or political 
subdivision of a State, may maintain, enforce, 
prescribe, or continue in effect any law, rule, 
regulation, requirement, standard, or other 
provision having the force and effect of law 
that conflicts with this Act, including the 
amendments made by this Act, and that— 
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(1) governs or regulates the com-
pensation, payment, benefits, or employ-
ment status of a student athlete (includ-
ing a prospective student athlete) with 
respect to participation in intercollegiate 
athletics, including any law, rule, regula-
tion, requirement, standard, or other pro-
vision that— 
(A) relates to the right of a stu-
dent athlete to receive compensation 
or other payments or benefits directly 
or indirectly from any institution, as-
sociated entity or individual, con-
ference, or interstate intercollegiate 
athletic association; or 
(B) relates to the length of time a 
student athlete is eligible to partici-
pate in intercollegiate athletics or the 
academic standards to be eligible to 
participate 
in 
intercollegiate 
ath-
letics; 
(2) limits or restricts a right provided 
to an institution, a conference, or an 
interstate intercollegiate athletic associa-
tion under this Act; or 
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(3) requires a release of or license to 
use the name, image, and likeness rights 
of any individual participant, or group of 
participants, in an intercollegiate athletic 
competition (or an individual spectator 
or group of spectators at an intercolle-
giate athletic competition) for purposes 
of audio-visual, audio, or visual broad-
casts or other distributions of such inter-
collegiate athletic competition. 
(b) RULE
OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
subsection (a) may be construed to— 
(1) relieve any person of liability 
under a State law of general applicability 
that does not conflict with this Act, in-
cluding the amendments made by this 
Act; or 
(2) relieve any person of liability 
under common law. 
SEC. 12. REPORTS. 
(a) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION STUDY.— 
(1) STUDY.—The Federal Trade Com-
mission shall conduct a study to analyze 
the impacts of establishing a program, 
administered by an entity independent of 
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any institution, conference, or interstate 
intercollegiate athletic association, to de-
velop standards for, certify as compliant 
with such standards, and otherwise regu-
late agents who enter into agreements 
with student athletes, which shall include 
an analysis of— 
(A) options for establishing such a 
program; 
(B) potential sources of funding 
for such a program; 
(C) a reasonable timeline for es-
tablishing such a program; and 
(D) the costs and benefits associ-
ated with such a program. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Federal Trade Commission shall 
submit to Congress a report on the re-
sults of the study conducted under para-
graph (1), which shall include legislative 
recommendations with respect to the es-
tablishment and funding of the program 
described in such paragraph. 
(b) COMPLIANCE REPORTING.— 
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(1) BIENNIAL REPORT.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, 
each interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociation shall submit to Congress a re-
port that includes— 
(A) a summary of the issues faced 
by such interstate intercollegiate ath-
letic association relating to compli-
ance with this Act, including the 
amendments made by this Act; 
(B) a summary of the trends 
among institutions, conferences, and 
interstate intercollegiate athletic as-
sociations relating to such compli-
ance; and 
(C) recommendations to improve 
the health, safety, and educational 
opportunities of student athletes. 
(2) COMPTROLLER
GENERAL
REPORT.— 
Not later than 5 years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and every 5 
years thereafter, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall— 
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(A) conduct an investigation with 
respect to compliance with this Act, 
including the amendments made by 
this Act; and 
(B) submit to Congress a report 
that includes— 
(i) a summary of the findings 
of the investigation conducted 
under subparagraph (A); and 
(ii) recommendations to im-
prove the health, safety, and edu-
cational opportunities of student 
athletes. 
(c) STUDY ON OLYMPIC SPORTS.— 
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Comptroller 
General of the United States shall con-
duct a study— 
(A) to assess the impact of this 
Act on Olympic Sports, including the 
funding of Olympic Sports; and 
(B) to develop recommendations 
for support of Olympic Sports, given 
the unique nature of Olympic Sports 
and intercollegiate athletics in the 
United States. 
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(2) CONTENTS.—The study conducted 
under paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) a survey of international mod-
els of support for Olympic Sports, in-
cluding models that could be adapted 
to the unique nature of Olympic 
Sports and intercollegiate athletics in 
the United States; 
(B) the projected scale and mag-
nitude of potential support for Olym-
pic Sports, given historic levels of 
support provided by institutions; 
(C) the coordination required to 
develop and cultivate Olympic Sports 
at institutions; and 
(D) an analysis of the trends with 
respect to roster sizes for Olympic 
Sports at institutions, with a focus on 
the top 70 highest earning institu-
tions with respect to average annual 
college sports revenue. 
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to Congress a 
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report on the results of the study con-
ducted under paragraph (1). 
(4) OLYMPIC SPORTS DEFINED.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘‘Olympic Sports’’ 
means the sports officially recognized 
and contested during the Summer and 
Winter Olympic Games. 
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Union Calendar No. 226 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 4312 
[Report No. 119–270, Parts I and II] 
A BILL 
To protect the name, image, and likeness rights of 
student athletes and to promote fair competition 
with respect to intercollegiate athletics, and for 
other purposes. 
SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Reported from the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
with an amendment 
SEPTEMBER 11, 2025 
Reported from the Committee on Education and Work-
force with an amendment, committed to the Committee 
of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and or-
dered to be printed 
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