(h) KNOWING AND WILLFUL VIOLATIONS.—Any per-
son who knowingly and willfully commits an act for which 
a civil penalty is provided in paragraph (1) of subsection 
(g) shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not 
more than $50,000. 
(i) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘person’’ includes any officer, agent, or employee of 
a person. 
(j) ADJUSTMENT
OF PENALTIES.—The Secretary 
may adjust the penalties described in this section as nec-
essary. 
SEC. 147. REGULATIONS. 
The Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture shall 
issue such regulations as are necessary to implement this 
title. The regulations implementing subtitle B, subtitle C, 
subtitle D, and subtitle E that affect the Forest Service 
shall be joint regulations issued by both Secretaries, and 
shall be issued no later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 148. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This title shall take effect on the date of enactment 
of this Act, except as otherwise provided in this title. 
SEC. 149. SAVINGS CLAUSE. 
(a) SPECIAL APPLICATION OF MINING LAWS.—Noth-
ing in this title shall be construed as repealing or modi-
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fying any Federal law, regulation, order, or land use plan, 
in effect prior to the date of enactment of this Act that 
prohibits or restricts the application of the general mining 
laws, including laws that provide for special management 
criteria for operations under the general mining laws as 
in effect prior to the date of enactment of this Act, to 
the extent such laws provide for protection of natural and 
cultural resources and the environment greater than re-
quired under this title, and any such prior law shall re-
main in force and effect with respect to claims located (or 
proposed to be located) or converted under this title. Noth-
ing in this title shall be construed as applying to or lim-
iting mineral investigations, studies, or other mineral ac-
tivities conducted by any Federal or State agency acting 
in its governmental capacity pursuant to other authority. 
Nothing in this title shall affect or limit any assessment, 
investigation, evaluation, or listing pursuant to the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and 
Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.), or the 
Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 3251 et seq.). 
(b) EFFECT ON OTHER FEDERAL LAWS.—The provi-
sions of this title shall supersede the general mining laws, 
except for those parts of the general mining laws respect-
ing location of mining claims that are not expressly modi-
fied by this title. Except for the general mining laws, noth-
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ing in this title shall be construed as superseding, modi-
fying, amending, or repealing any provision of Federal law 
not expressly superseded, modified, amended, or repealed 
by this title. Nothing in this title shall be construed as 
altering, affecting, amending, modifying, or changing, di-
rectly or indirectly, any law which refers to and provides 
authorities or responsibilities for, or is administered by, 
the Environmental Protection Agency or the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency, including 
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, title XIV of the 
Public Health Service Act (the Safe Drinking Water Act), 
the Clean Air Act, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, 
the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Federal Insecticide, 
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Federal Food, Drug, 
and Cosmetic Act, the Motor Vehicle Information and 
Cost Savings Act, the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, 
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the Atomic Energy 
Act, the Noise Control Act of 1972, the Solid Waste Dis-
posal Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, 
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, the Superfund 
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the Ocean 
Dumping Act, the Environmental Research, Development, 
and Demonstration Authorization Act, the Pollution Pros-
ecution Act of 1990, and the Federal Facilities Compli-
ance Act of 1992, or any statute containing an amend-
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