‘‘(2) a limitation on the use of funds otherwise 
available for the cost of a direct loan or loan guar-
antee program has been provided in advance in an 
appropriation Act; or 
‘‘(3) authority is otherwise provided in appro-
priation Acts. 
‘‘(c) EXEMPTION
FOR
DIRECT
SPENDING
PRO-
GRAMS.—Subsections (b) and (e) shall not apply to— 
‘‘(1) any direct loan or loan guarantee program 
that constitutes an entitlement (such as the guaran-
teed student loan program or the veteran’s home 
loan guaranty program); 
‘‘(2) the credit programs of the Commodity 
Credit Corporation existing on the date of enactment 
of this title; or 
‘‘(3) any direct loan (or direct loan obligation) 
or loan guarantee (or loan guarantee commitment) 
made by the Federal National Mortgage Association 
or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. 
‘‘(d) BUDGET ACCOUNTING.— 
‘‘(1) The authority to incur new direct loan ob-
ligations, make new loan guarantee commitments, or 
modify outstanding direct loans (or direct loan obli-
gations) or loan guarantees (or loan guarantee com-
mitments) shall constitute new budget authority in
an amount equal to the cost of the direct loan or 
loan guarantee in the fiscal year in which definite 
authority becomes available or indefinite authority is 
used. Such budget authority shall constitute an obli-
gation of the program account to pay to the financ-
ing account. 
‘‘(2) The outlays resulting from new budget au-
thority for the cost of direct loans or loan guaran-
tees described in paragraph (1) shall be paid from 
the program account into the financing account and 
recorded in the fiscal year in which the direct loan 
or the guaranteed loan is disbursed or its costs al-
tered. 
‘‘(3) All collections and payments of the financ-
ing accounts shall be a means of financing. 
‘‘(e) MODIFICATIONS.—An outstanding direct loan 
(or direct loan obligation) or loan guarantee (or loan guar-
antee commitment) shall not be modified in a manner that 
increases its costs unless budget authority for the addi-
tional cost has been provided in advance in an appropria-
tion Act. 
‘‘(f) REESTIMATES.—When the estimated cost for a 
group of direct loans or loan guarantees for a given pro-
gram made in a single fiscal year is re-estimated in a sub-
sequent year, the difference between the reestimated cost
and the previous cost estimate shall be displayed as a dis-
tinct and separately identified subaccount in the program 
account as a change in program costs and a change in 
net interest. There is hereby provided permanent indefi-
nite authority for these re-estimates. 
‘‘(g) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—All funding for 
an agency’s administrative costs associated with a direct 
loan or loan guarantee program shall be displayed as dis-
tinct and separately identified subaccounts within the 
same budget account as the program’s cost. 
‘‘SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATIONS. 
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION FOR FINANCING ACCOUNTS.— 
In order to implement the accounting required by this 
title, the President is authorized to establish such non- 
budgetary accounts as may be appropriate. 
‘‘(b) TREASURY TRANSACTIONS WITH THE FINANC-
ING ACCOUNTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall borrow from, receive from, lend to, or 
pay to the financing accounts such amounts as may 
be appropriate. The Secretary of the Treasury may 
prescribe forms and denominations, maturities, and 
terms and conditions for the transactions described 
in the preceding sentence, except that the rate of in-
terest charged by the Secretary on lending to financ-
ing accounts (including amounts treated as lending 
to financing accounts by the Federal Financing 
Bank (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as 
the ‘Bank’) pursuant to section 405(b)) and the rate 
of interest paid to financing accounts on uninvested 
balances in financing accounts shall be the same as 
the rate determined pursuant to section 502(5)(G). 
‘‘(2) LOANS.—For guaranteed loans financed 
by the Bank and treated as direct loans by a Fed-
eral agency pursuant to section 406(b)(1), any fee 
or interest surcharge (the amount by which the in-
terest rate charged exceeds the rate determined pur-
suant to section 502(5)(G) that the Bank charges to 
a private borrower pursuant to section 6(c) of the 
Federal Financing Bank Act of 1973 shall be con-
sidered a cash flow to the Government for the pur-
poses of determining the cost of the direct loan pur-
suant to section 502(5). All such amounts shall be 
credited to the appropriate financing account. 
‘‘(3) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Bank is author-
ized to require reimbursement from a Federal agen-
cy to cover the administrative expenses of the Bank 
that are attributable to the direct loans financed for 
that agency. All such payments by an agency shall 
be considered administrative expenses subject to sec-
tion 504(g). This subsection shall apply to trans-
actions related to direct loan obligations or loan 
guarantee commitments made on or after October 1, 
1991. 
‘‘(4) AUTHORITY.—The authorities provided in 
this subsection shall not be construed to supersede 
or override the authority of the head of a Federal 
agency to administer and operate a direct loan or 
loan guarantee program. 
‘‘(5) TITLE 31.—All of the transactions pro-
vided in the subsection shall be subject to the provi-
sions of subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31, 
United States Code. 
‘‘(6) TREATMENT OF CASH BALANCES.—Cash 
balances of the financing accounts in excess of cur-
rent requirements shall be maintained in a form of 
uninvested funds and the Secretary of the Treasury 
shall pay interest on these funds. The Secretary of 
the Treasury shall charge (or pay if the amount is 
negative) financing accounts an amount equal to the 
risk component for a direct loan or loan guarantee, 
or modification thereof. Such amount received by the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall be a means of fi-
nancing and shall not be considered a cash flow of 
the Government for the purposes of section 502(5).