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(b) TECHNOLOGIES.—The program shall consider tech-
nologies that provide significant improvement in thermal
controls, metering, load management, peak load reduction,
or the efficient cooling of electronics.
SEC. 923. MICRO-COGENERATION ENERGY TECHNOLOGY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make competi-
tive, merit-based grants to consortia for the development of
micro-cogeneration energy technology.
(b) USES.—The consortia shall explore—
(1) the use of small-scale combined heat and
power in residential heating appliances;
(2) the use of excess power to operate other appli-
ances within the residence; and
(3) the supply of excess generated power to the
power grid.
SEC. 
924. 
DISTRIBUTED 
ENERGY 
TECHNOLOGY 
DEM-
ONSTRATION PROGRAM.
The Secretary may provide financial assistance to co-
ordinating consortia of interdisciplinary participants for
demonstrations designed to accelerate the use of distributed
energy technologies (such as fuel cells, microturbines, recip-
rocating engines, thermally activated technologies, and com-
bined heat and power systems) in highly energy intensive
commercial applications.
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SEC. 925. ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
PROGRAMS.
(a) DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall
establish a comprehensive research, development, and dem-
onstration program to ensure the reliability, efficiency, and
environmental integrity of electrical transmission and dis-
tribution systems, which shall include—
(1) advanced energy and energy storage tech-
nologies, materials, and systems, giving priority to
new transmission technologies, including composite
conductor materials and other technologies that en-
hance reliability, operational flexibility, or power-car-
rying capability;
(2) advanced grid reliability and efficiency tech-
nology development;
(3) technologies contributing to significant load
reductions;
(4) advanced metering, load management, and
control technologies;
(5) technologies to enhance existing grid compo-
nents;
(6) the development and use of high-temperature
superconductors to—
(A) enhance the reliability, operational
flexibility, or power-carrying capability of elec-
tric transmission or distribution systems; or
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(B) increase the efficiency of electric energy
generation, transmission, distribution, or storage
systems;
(7) integration of power systems, including sys-
tems to deliver high-quality electric power, electric
power reliability, and combined heat and power;
(8) supply of electricity to the power grid by
small scale, distributed and residential-based power
generators;
(9) the development and use of advanced grid de-
sign, operation, and planning tools;
(10) any other infrastructure technologies, as ap-
propriate; and
(11) technology transfer and education.
(b) PROGRAM PLAN.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in
consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies,
shall prepare and submit to Congress a 5-year pro-
gram plan to guide activities under this section.
(2) CONSULTATION.—In preparing the program
plan, the Secretary shall consult with—
(A) utilities;
(B) energy service providers;
(C) manufacturers;
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(D) institutions of higher education;
(E) other appropriate State and local agen-
cies;
(F) environmental organizations;
(G) professional and technical societies; and
(H) any other persons the Secretary con-
siders appropriate.
(c) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall consider
implementing the program under this section using a con-
sortium of participants from industry, institutions of high-
er education, and National Laboratories.
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the submis-
sion of the plan under subsection (b), the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a report—
(1) describing the progress made under this sec-
tion; and
(2) identifying any additional resources needed
to continue the development and commercial applica-
tion of transmission and distribution of infrastruc-
ture technologies.
(e) POWER DELIVERY RESEARCH INITIATIVE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish
a research, development, and demonstration initiative
specifically focused on power delivery using compo-
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nents incorporating high temperature superconduc-
tivity.
(2) GOALS.—The goals of the Initiative shall
be—
(A) to establish world-class facilities to de-
velop high temperature superconductivity power
applications in partnership with manufacturers
and utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership for es-
tablishing reliability for high temperature super-
conductivity power applications, including suit-
able modeling and analysis;
(C) to facilitate the commercial transition
toward direct current power transmission, stor-
age, and use for high power systems using high
temperature superconductivity; and
(D) to facilitate the integration of very low
impedance high temperature superconducting
wires and cables in existing electric networks to
improve system performance, power flow control,
and reliability.
(3) INCLUSIONS.—The Initiative shall include—
(A) feasibility analysis, planning, research,
and design to construct demonstrations of super-
conducting links in high power, direct current,
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and controllable alternating current trans-
mission systems;
(B) public-private partnerships to dem-
onstrate deployment of high temperature super-
conducting cable into testbeds simulating a real-
istic transmission grid and under varying trans-
mission conditions, including actual grid inser-
tions; and
(C) testbeds developed in cooperation with
National Laboratories, industries, and institu-
tions of higher education to—
(i) demonstrate those technologies;
(ii) prepare the technologies for com-
mercial introduction; and
(iii) address cost or performance road-
blocks to successful commercial use.
(f) TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION GRID PLANNING
AND OPERATIONS INITIATIVE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish
a research, development, and demonstration initiative
specifically focused on tools needed to plan, operate,
and expand the transmission and distribution grids
in the presence of competitive market mechanisms for
energy, load demand, customer response, and ancil-
lary services.
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(2) GOALS.—The goals of the Initiative shall
be—
(A)(i) to develop and use a geographically
distributed center, consisting of institutions of
higher education, and National Laboratories,
with expertise and facilities to develop the under-
lying theory and software for power system ap-
plication; and
(ii) to ensure commercial development in
partnership with software vendors and utilities;
(B) to provide technical leadership in engi-
neering and economic analysis for the reliability
and efficiency of power systems planning and
operations in the presence of competitive markets
for electricity;
(C) to model, simulate, and experiment with
new market mechanisms and operating practices
to understand and optimize those new methods
before actual use; and
(D) to provide technical support and tech-
nology transfer to electric utilities and other par-
ticipants in the domestic electric industry and
marketplace.
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Subtitle C—Renewable Energy
SEC. 931. RENEWABLE ENERGY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out renewable energy re-
search, development, demonstration, and commercial appli-
cation activities, including activities authorized under this
subtitle—
(1) $610,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(2) $659,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(3) $710,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(b) BIOENERGY.—From the amounts authorized under
subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out section 932—
(1) $167,650,000 for fiscal year 2006;
(2) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(3) $192,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
(c) CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER.—From amounts
authorized under subsection (a), there is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out section 933 $50,000,000 for each
of fiscal years 2006 through 2008.
(d) ADMINISTRATION.—Of the funds authorized under
subsection (b), not less than $5,000,000 for each fiscal year
shall be made available for grants to—
(1) part B institutions;
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(2) Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in
section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965
(20 U.S.C. 1059c(b))); and
(3) Hispanic-serving institutions.
(e) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this section, the
Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agri-
culture, shall demonstrate the use of—
(1) advanced wind power technology, including
combined use with coal gasification;
(2) biomass;
(3) geothermal energy systems; and
(4) other renewable energy technologies to assist
in delivering electricity to rural and remote locations.
SEC. 932. BIOENERGY PROGRAM.
(a) DEFINITION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK.—
In this section, the term ‘‘lignocellulosic feedstock’’ means
any portion of a plant or coproduct from conversion, in-
cluding crops, trees, and agricultural and forest residues
not specifically grown for food.
(b) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application for bioenergy, including—
(1) biopower energy systems;
(2) biofuels;
(3) bioproducts;
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(4) integrated biorefineries that may produce
biopower, biofuels, and bioproducts;
(5) cross-cutting research and development in
feedstocks; and
(6) economic analysis.
(c) BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS.—The goals of the
biofuels and bioproducts programs shall be to develop, in
partnership with industry and institutions of higher
education—
(1) advanced biochemical and thermochemical
conversion technologies capable of making fuels from
lignocellulosic feedstocks that are price-competitive
with gasoline or diesel in either internal combustion
engines or fuel cell-powered vehicles;
(2) advanced biotechnology processes capable of
making biofuels and bioproducts with emphasis on
development of biorefinery technologies using enzyme-
based processing systems;
(3) advanced biotechnology processes capable of
increasing energy production from lignocellulosic
feedstocks, with emphasis on reducing the dependence
of industry on fossil fuels in manufacturing facilities;
and
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(4) other advanced processes that will enable the
development of cost-effective bioproducts, including
biofuels.
(d) REPEAL OF SUNSET PROVISION.—Section 311 of
the Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (7
U.S.C. 8101 note) is repealed.
SEC. 933. HYDROGEN INTERMEDIATE FUELS RESEARCH
PROGRAM.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination
with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall carry out a 3-year
program of research, development, and demonstration on
the use of ethanol and other low-cost transportable renew-
able feedstocks as intermediate fuels for the safe, energy effi-
cient, and cost-effective transportation of hydrogen.
(b) GOALS.—The goals of the program shall include—
(1) demonstrating the cost-effective conversion of
ethanol or other low-cost transportable renewable feed-
stocks to pure hydrogen suitable for eventual use in
fuel cells;
(2) using existing commercial reforming tech-
nology or modest modifications of existing technology
to reform ethanol or other low-cost transportable re-
newable feedstocks into hydrogen;
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(3) converting at least 1 commercially available
internal combustion engine hybrid electric passenger
vehicle to operate on hydrogen;
(4) not later than 1 year after the date on which
the program begins, installing and operating an eth-
anol reformer, or reformer for another low-cost trans-
portable renewable feedstock (including onsite hydro-
gen compression, storage, and dispensing), at the fa-
cilities of a fleet operator;
(5) operating the 1 or more vehicles described in
paragraph (3) for a period of at least 2 years; and
(6) collecting emissions and fuel economy data
on the 1 or more vehicles described in paragraph (3)
in various operating and environmental conditions.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
$5,000,000.
SEC. 934. CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER RESEARCH PRO-
GRAM.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of research and development to evaluate the potential
for concentrating solar power for hydrogen production, in-
cluding cogeneration approaches for both hydrogen and elec-
tricity.
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(b) ADMINISTRATION.—The program shall take advan-
tage of existing facilities to the extent practicable and shall
include—
(1) development of optimized technologies that
are common to both electricity and hydrogen produc-
tion;
(2) evaluation of thermochemical cycles for hy-
drogen production at the temperatures attainable
with concentrating solar power;
(3) evaluation of materials issues for the
thermochemical cycles described in paragraph (2);
(4) cogeneration of solar thermal electric power
and photo-synthetic-based hydrogen production;
(5) system architectures and economics studies;
and
(6) coordination with activities under the Ad-
vanced Reactor Hydrogen Co-generation Project es-
tablished under subtitle C of title VI on high tempera-
ture materials, thermochemical cycles, and economic
issues.
(c) ASSESSMENT.—In carrying out the program under
this section, the Secretary shall—
(1) assess conflicting guidance on the economic
potential of concentrating solar power for electricity
production received from the National Research Coun-
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cil in the report entitled ‘‘Renewable Power Path-
ways: A Review of the U.S. Department of Energy’s
Renewable Energy Programs’’ and dated 2000 and
subsequent reviews of that report funded by the De-
partment; and
(2) provide an assessment of the potential im-
pact of technology used to concentrate solar power for
electricity before, or concurrent with, submission of
the budget for fiscal year 2007.
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 5 years after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide to Con-
gress a report on the economic and technical potential for
electricity or hydrogen production, with or without cogen-
eration, with concentrating solar power, including the eco-
nomic and technical feasibility of potential construction of
a pilot demonstration facility suitable for commercial pro-
duction of electricity or hydrogen from concentrating solar
power.
SEC. 935. HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTING RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT PROGRAM.
(a) DEFINITION OF HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTING.—In
this section, the term ‘‘hybrid solar lighting’’ means a novel
lighting system that integrates sunlight and electrical light-
ing in complement to each other in common lighting fix-
tures for the purpose of improving energy efficiency.
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(b) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application for hybrid solar lighting aimed at devel-
oping hybrid solar lighting systems that are—
(1) designed to eliminate large roof penetrations
and associated architectural design and maintenance
problems that limit the conventional use of daylight
in most buildings;
(2) easily integrated with electric lights; and
(3) compatible with a majority of electric lamps
and light fixtures.
(c) LIMITATIONS.—Funding authorized under this sec-
tion shall not be used for lighting systems based on conven-
tional daylighting installations such as skylights, light
wells, light shelves, or roof monitors.
(d) NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF SCIENCES.—Not later
than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Secretary shall enter into an arrangement with the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences to conduct a biannual review
of the activities under this section including program prior-
ities, technical milestones, and opportunities for technology
transfer and commercialization.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
(1) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
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(2) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(3) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
SEC. 936. MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTS.
The Secretary shall conduct research, development,
demonstration, and commercial application programs for—
(1) ocean energy, including wave energy;
(2) the combined use of renewable energy tech-
nologies with 1 another and with other energy tech-
nologies, including the combined use of wind power
and coal gasification technologies; and
(3) renewable energy technologies for cogenera-
tion of hydrogen and electricity.
SEC. 937. BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 303 of the Biomass Re-
search and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–224;
7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended—
(1) by striking paragraphs (2), (9), and (10);
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5),
(6), (7), and (8) as paragraphs (4), (5), (7), (8), (9),
and (10), respectively;
(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(2) BIOBASED FUEL.—The term ‘biobased fuel’
means any transportation fuel produced from bio-
mass.
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‘‘(3) BIOBASED PRODUCT.—The term ‘biobased
product’ means an industrial product (including
chemicals, materials, and polymers) produced from
biomass, or a commercial or industrial product (in-
cluding animal feed and electric power) derived in
connection with the conversion of biomass to fuel.’’;
(4) by inserting after paragraph (5) (as redesig-
nated by paragraph (2)) the following:
‘‘(6) DEMONSTRATION.—The term ‘demonstra-
tion’ means demonstration of technology in a pilot
plant or semi-works scale facility.’’; and
(5) by striking paragraph (9) (as redesignated
by paragraph (2)) and inserting the following:
‘‘(9) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘Na-
tional Laboratory’ means any of the following labora-
tories owned by the Department:
‘‘(A) Ames Laboratory.
‘‘(B) Argonne National Laboratory.
‘‘(C) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
‘‘(D) Fermi National Accelerator Labora-
tory.
‘‘(E) Idaho National Laboratory.
‘‘(F) Lawrence Berkeley National Labora-
tory.
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‘‘(G) Lawrence Livermore National Labora-
tory.
‘‘(H) Los Alamos National Laboratory.
‘‘(I) National Energy Technology Labora-
tory.
‘‘(J) National Renewable Energy Labora-
tory.
‘‘(K) Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
‘‘(L) Pacific Northwest National Labora-
tory.
‘‘(M) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
‘‘(N) Sandia National Laboratories.
‘‘(O) Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
‘‘(P) Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator
Facility.’’.
(b) COOPERATION AND COORDINATION IN BIOMASS
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—Section 304 of the Bio-
mass Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law
106–224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended—
(1) in subsections (a) and (d), by striking ‘‘in-
dustrial products’’ each place it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘fuels and biobased products’’;
(2) by striking subsections (b) and (c); and
(3) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection
(b).
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(c) 
BIOMASS
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
BOARD.—Section 305 of the Biomass Research and Devel-
opment Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–224; 7 U.S.C. 8101
note) is amended—
(1) in subsections (a) and (c), by striking ‘‘in-
dustrial products’’ each place it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘fuels and biobased products’’;
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) 
in 
paragraph 
(1), 
by 
striking
‘‘304(d)(1)(B)’’ and inserting ‘‘304(b)(1)(B)’’;
and
(B) 
in 
paragraph 
(2), 
by 
striking
‘‘304(d)(1)(A)’’ and inserting ‘‘304(b)(1)(A)’’;
and
(3) in subsection (c)—
(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ‘‘and’’
at the end;
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period
at the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(3) ensure that—
‘‘(A) solicitations are open and competitive
with awards made annually; and
‘‘(B) objectives and evaluation criteria of
the solicitations are clearly stated and mini-
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mally prescriptive, with no areas of special in-
terest; and
‘‘(4) ensure that the panel of scientific and tech-
nical peers assembled under section 307(g)(1)(C) to
review proposals is composed predominantly of inde-
pendent experts selected from outside the Departments
of Agriculture and Energy.’’.
(d) BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TECH-
NICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—Section 306 of the Biomass
Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–
224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)(1)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
‘‘biobased industrial products’’ and inserting
‘‘biofuels’’;
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B)
through (J) as subparagraphs (C) through (K),
respectively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
following:
‘‘(B) an individual affiliated with the
biobased industrial and commercial products in-
dustry;’’;
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(D) in subparagraph (F) (as redesignated
by subparagraph (B)) by striking ‘‘an indi-
vidual has’’ and inserting ‘‘2 individuals have’’;
(E) in subparagraphs (C), (D), (G), and (I)
(as redesignated by subparagraph (B)) by strik-
ing ‘‘industrial products’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘fuels and biobased products’’; and
(F) in subparagraph (H) (as redesignated
by subparagraph (B)), by inserting ‘‘and envi-
ronmental’’ before ‘‘analysis’’;
(2) in subsection (c)(2)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
‘‘goals’’ and inserting ‘‘objectives, purposes, and
considerations’’;
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B)
and (C) as subparagraphs (C) and (D), respec-
tively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
following:
‘‘(B) solicitations are open and competitive
with awards made annually and that objectives
and evaluation criteria of the solicitations are
clearly stated and minimally prescriptive, with
no areas of special interest;’’; and
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(D) in subparagraph (C) (as redesignated
by subparagraph (B)) by inserting ‘‘predomi-
nantly from outside the Departments of Agri-
culture and Energy’’ after ‘‘technical peers’’.
(e) BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INITIA-
TIVE.—Section 307 of the Biomass Research and Develop-
ment Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–224; 7 U.S.C. 8101
note) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘research on
biobased industrial products’’ and inserting ‘‘research
on, and development and demonstration of, biobased
fuels and biobased products, and the methods, prac-
tices and technologies, biotechnology, for their produc-
tion’’; and
(2) by striking subsections (b) through (e) and
inserting the following:
‘‘(b) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the Initiative are
to develop—
‘‘(1) technologies and processes necessary for
abundant commercial production of biobased fuels at
prices competitive with fossil fuels;
‘‘(2) high-value biobased products—
‘‘(A) to enhance the economic viability of
biobased fuels and power; and
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‘‘(B) as substitutes for petroleum-based feed-
stocks and products; and
‘‘(3) a diversity of sustainable domestic sources
of biomass for conversion to biobased fuels and
biobased products.
‘‘(c) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Initiative are—
‘‘(1) to increase the energy security of the United
States;
‘‘(2) to create jobs and enhance the economic de-
velopment of the rural economy;
‘‘(3) to enhance the environment and public
health; and
‘‘(4) to diversify markets for raw agricultural
and forestry products.
‘‘(d) TECHNICAL AREAS.—To advance the objectives
and purposes of the Initiative, the Secretary of Agriculture
and the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Ad-
ministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and
heads of other appropriate departments and agencies (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretaries’), shall direct
research and development toward—
‘‘(1) feedstock production through the develop-
ment of crops and cropping systems relevant to pro-
duction of raw materials for conversion to biobased
fuels and biobased products, including—
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‘‘(A) development of advanced and dedi-
cated crops with desired features, including en-
hanced productivity, broader site range, low re-
quirements for chemical inputs, and enhanced
processing;
‘‘(B) advanced crop production methods to
achieve the features described in subparagraph
(A);
‘‘(C) feedstock harvest, handling, transport,
and storage; and
‘‘(D) strategies for integrating feedstock pro-
duction into existing managed land;
‘‘(2) overcoming recalcitrance of cellulosic bio-
mass through developing technologies for converting
cellulosic biomass into intermediates that can subse-
quently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased
products, including—
‘‘(A) pretreatment in combination with en-
zymatic or microbial hydrolysis; and
‘‘(B) thermochemical approaches, including
gasification and pyrolysis;
‘‘(3) product diversification through technologies
relevant to production of a range of biobased products
(including chemicals, animal feeds, and cogenerated