I
107TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4114
To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions to
advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries around
the world, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
APRIL 9, 2002
Mrs. MORELLA (for herself and Mrs. LOWEY) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on International Relations, and in
addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, and Financial Services,
for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case
for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the
committee concerned
A BILL
To increase the United States financial and programmatic
contributions to advancing the status of women and girls
in low-income countries around the world, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; FINDINGS
AND DECLARATIONS OF POLICY; GENERAL
PROVISIONS.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the
‘‘Global Action and Investments for New Success for
Women and Girls Act of 2002’’ or ‘‘GAINS for Women
and Girls Act of 2002’’.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of
this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; findings and declarations of policy; general
provisions.
TITLE I—INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS AND
WOMEN
Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Requirement to integrate women into United States international as-
sistance programs.
Sec. 103. Annual report.
Sec. 104. Provisions relating to the Office of Women in Development (WID).
Sec. 105. Establishment of a supplemental fund for women in development ac-
tivities.
Sec. 106. United States contribution to the United Nations Development Fund
for Women (UNIFEM).
Sec. 107. Coordinating council to promote the advancement of women and girls.
TITLE II—POVERTY REDUCTION AND WOMEN’S ECONOMIC
EQUALITY
Sec. 201. Reducing women’s poverty in developing countries.
Sec. 202. Supporting women’s businesses through access to resources and fi-
nancial markets.
Sec. 203. Improving the terms and conditions of women’s work.
Sec. 204. Reviewing the impacts of trade liberalization on women and their
communities.
TITLE III—QUALITY EDUCATION FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Sec. 301. Findings.
Sec. 302. Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
TITLE IV—LIFELONG HEALTH FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Sec. 401. Health of children.
Sec. 402. Family planning and reproductive health and rights.
Sec. 403. Maternal health programs.
Sec. 404. Preventing and treating HIV/AIDS.
Sec. 405. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Sec. 406. Addressing female genital mutilation.
TITLE V—WOMEN, AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
Sec. 501. Findings.
Sec. 502. Programs to assist women farmers.
Sec. 503. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
TITLE VI—HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND GIRLS
Sec. 601. Strengthening the human rights of women and girls.
Sec. 602. Prevention of trafficking in women and children.
Sec. 603. Access for Afghan Women Act of 2002.
Sec. 604. Ratification of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Dis-
crimination Against Women.
TITLE VII—VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Sec. 701. Findings.
Sec. 702. United States international programs to prevent violence against
women and girls.
Sec. 703. Report.
TITLE VIII—WOMEN, CONFLICTS, AND PEACE BUILDING
Sec. 801. Findings.
Sec. 802. United States international programs.
Sec. 803. Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights
of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict.
TITLE IX—WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP AND PARTICIPATION
Sec. 901. Findings.
Sec. 902. United States international programs to increase women’s leadership
and participation.
Sec. 903. United States International Fund for Women’s Leadership.
Sec. 904. International Museum of Women.
TITLE X—WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Sec. 1001. Findings.
Sec. 1002. United States international environmental programs.
Sec. 1003. Negotiations of environmental treaties and protocols.
Sec. 1004. Ratification of the United Nations Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants.
Sec. 1005. Global Environment Facility.
TITLE XI—AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
Sec. 1101. Authorization of appropriations.
(c) FINDINGS
AND DECLARATIONS
OF POLICY.—
Congress makes the following findings and declarations of
policy:
(1) Economic globalization is not reaching most
of the world’s poorest women, girls, and commu-
nities. United States international economic policies,
particularly in the areas of business development,
multilateral development banks, trade liberalization
and debt relief for developing countries, should help
create a positive environment for women’s economic
empowerment and equality between women and men.
(2) As the complexity of the global economy in-
creases, so too does the important role of women.
Women comprise approximately 75 percent of work-
ers in the ‘‘shadow’’, or informal economy, and con-
stitute an ever-greater share of the workforce in de-
veloping countries.
(3) Many studies have proven that international
development investments in women and girls bring
the greatest gains for economic growth and national
development. When women increase their incomes
they directly invest this additional capital in the edu-
cation, health, and welfare of their children, break-
ing the cycle of poverty.
(4) The United States must substantially in-
crease the amount of attention and resources it con-
tributes to implement commitments made at the
United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women
in 1995 and at the United Nations Special Assembly
Session on Women in 2000 in its foreign policy, de-
velopment assistance programs, and international
economic policies.
(5) Just as women’s lives cannot be compart-
mentalized, no one sectoral intervention is sufficient
to create the environment in which women and girls
can thrive economically and socially. Investments are
necessary in many mutually supporting areas, in-
cluding consideration for the different roles of
women and men in all United States international
policies and programs, economic development and
poverty reduction activities for women, education
and training, comprehensive health care, agricultural
development, protection of women’s human rights,
violence prevention, leadership development, assist-
ance to women in conflict situations, and environ-
mental protection.
(d) GENERAL PROVISIONS.—All programs, projects,
activities, or actions contained in this Act, or any amend-
ment made by this Act, shall comply with the following
requirements:
(1) Collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated
data for all program development, implementation,
evaluation, and reporting activities.
(2) Extensive consultation with in-country orga-
nizations that work with target populations and di-
rectly with target populations before project design
begins and throughout the project cycle.
(3) Coordination and delivery of assistance
through locally-based nongovernmental organizations
together with financial and technical support to
build the capacity of these organizations to deliver
effective programming.
(4) Coordination of activities with other bilat-
eral, multilateral, nongovernmental, and private sec-
tor donors active in the relevant sector and country.
TITLE 
I—INTERNATIONAL 
DE-
VELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
AND WOMEN
SEC. 101. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) The most effective use of the United States
development dollar is an investment in women and
girls. Numerous studies show that programs to ad-
vance the health, education, economic opportunity,
and social status of women directly lead to acceler-
ated economic growth for developing and transitional
country economies.
(2) Development programs and projects that
take into account the different cultural roles of
women and men during the design, implementation,
and evaluation phases show far better results than
programs or projects that do not consider these
roles.
(3) For nearly 3 decades, the United States has
been a leader in creating and supporting bilateral
and multilateral women in development policies and
programs. In 1974, the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID) established the
Office of Women in Development (WID). This Office
has served as a focal point for increasing the effec-
tiveness of United States development efforts by tak-
ing gender issues into account throughout all phases
of development planning, implementation, and eval-
uation.
(4) Women’s equality is a core development
issue that enhances United States global interests.
Comprehensive policies and programs of the Office
of Women in Development reflect the reality that
women around the world play critical roles in eco-
nomic growth and development, and their contribu-
tions reverberate from the global economy all the
way down to the poorest households.
SEC. 102. REQUIREMENT TO INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO U.S.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.
(a) PART II OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT
OF
1961.—Section 113(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151k(a)) is amended by inserting after
‘‘this part’’ the following: ‘‘and part II of this Act (includ-
ing chapter 4 of such part)’’.
(b) SUPPORT
FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY
(SEED) ACT OF 1989.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Support for East Euro-
pean Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C.
5401 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section
3 the following:
‘‘SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONO-
MIES.
‘‘In recognition of the fact that women in developing
countries play a significant role in economic production,
family support, and the overall development process of the
national economies of such countries, this Act shall be ad-
ministered so as to give particular attention to those pro-
grams, projects, and activities which integrate women into
the national economies of developing countries, thus im-
proving their status and assisting the total development
effort.’’.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of
contents of such Act (22 U.S.C. 5401(a) note) is
amended by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 3 the following:
Sec. 4. Integrating women into national economies.
(c) PUBLIC LAW 480.—The Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 3 the following:
‘‘SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONO-
MIES.
‘‘In recognition of the fact that women in developing
countries play a significant role in economic production,
family support, and the overall development process of the
national economies of such countries, this Act shall be ad-
ministered so as to give particular attention to those pro-
grams, projects, and activities which integrate women into
the national economies of developing countries, thus im-
proving their status and assisting the total development
effort.’’.
SEC. 103. ANNUAL REPORT.
The Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development shall prepare and submit to the
Congress an annual report on the extent to which the re-
quirements contained in section 113(a) of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961, section 4 of the Support for East
European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, and section
4 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance
Act of 1954 (each as added by section 102 of this Act)
are being carried out.
SEC. 104. PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE OFFICE OF
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID).
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Administrator of the United States
Agency for International Development shall carry out the
following:
(1) Appoint a head of the Office of Women in
Development at the Deputy Assistant Administrator
level or higher.
(2) Establish a working group within the Office
consisting of Deputy Assistant Administrators of the
Agency. Members of the working group shall meet
on a routine basis to monitor and assist with the on-
going implementation of and compliance with gender
integration policies and programs of the Agency and
with all provisions contained in title I of this Act.
SEC. 105. ESTABLISHMENT OF A SUPPLEMENTAL FUND
FOR WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.
The Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development shall establish a supplemental
fund within the Office of Women in Development at the
Agency to provide matching funds to missions of the
Agency or to specific projects for the purposes of incor-
porating the different roles of women and men into pro-
gram design, implementation, and evaluation and to im-
plement activities to promote the advancement of women
and girls. Matching funds shall be granted with the ap-
proval of the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Women
in Development.
SEC. 106. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNITED
NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN
(UNIFEM).
The President is authorized to make a voluntary con-
tribution on a grant basis to the United Nations Develop-
ment Fund for Women (UNIFEM).
SEC. 107. COORDINATING COUNCIL TO PROMOTE THE AD-
VANCEMENT OF WOMEN AND GIRLS.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President is authorized
to establish a coordinating council to promote the advance-
ment of women and girls in the programs and policies of
all Federal agencies and departments and for providing
a means for nongovernmental organizations to work in
partnership with the Federal government on areas of mu-
tual concern.
(b) COMPOSITION.—The council shall be comprised of
representatives of each Federal agency or department at
the Deputy Assistant Secretary or Deputy Assistant Ad-
ministrator level or higher and chaired by a Cabinet-level
Secretary.
(c) LOCATION AND STAFFING.—It is the sense of
Congress that—
(1) the council should be placed within the Of-
fice of the President;
(2) the full-time staff director of the council
should be a high-level appointee who has credibility
both within the United States Government and with-
in the community of women’s and nongovernmental
organizations; and
(3) should be supported by sufficient staff and
resources to carry out this section.
TITLE II—POVERTY REDUCTION
AND 
WOMEN’S 
ECONOMIC
EQUALITY
SEC. 201. REDUCING WOMEN’S POVERTY IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES.
(a) FINDINGS
AND DECLARATIONS
OF POLICY.—
Congress makes the following findings and declarations of
policy:
(1) More than 1,000,000,000 people in the
world today, the great majority of whom are women,
live in unacceptable conditions of poverty, mostly in
developing nations. Poverty is a complex, multi-
dimensional problem, with origins in both the na-
tional and international domains.
(2) Income inequality is growing in many coun-
tries around the world. Gaps between rich and poor
men and rich and poor women have also widened.
(3) The globalization of the world’s economy
and the deepening interdependence among nations
present challenges and opportunities for sustained
economic growth and poverty elimination.
(4) The international community has reached
consensus on a set of goals to promote human devel-
opment in the 21st century. The United States must
now act on these goals and fulfill its commitments
by increasing its official development assistance con-
tribution from 0.03 percent of Gross Domestic Prod-
uct (GDP) to 0.07 percent of GDP.
(5) The availability of basic services such as
education, health care, and water are crucial for the
survival of poor women and their families and im-
portant prerequisites for assisting women in leaving
poverty behind.
(6) While the intentions behind the privatiza-
tion of education, health care, and water may be fis-
cally sound, privatization can close access for the
poor to these essential services if it is not imple-
mented with specific safeguards, monitoring, and ac-
countability mechanisms designed to protect the
poor.
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF POVERTY INDICATORS.—
(1) SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS.—The Sec-
retary of Commerce, acting through the Bureau of
the Census, and the Secretary of Labor, acting
through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, shall pro-
vide financial, human resource, and other pro-
grammatic support to the United Nations Develop-
ment Program and the United Nation’s Statistical
Office to work in collaboration with the World Bank
to develop and agree upon standardized measure-
ments of women’s relative and absolute poverty.
(2) SUPPORT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.—
The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Bu-
reau of the Census, and the Secretary of Labor, act-
ing through the Bureau of Labor Statistics, shall
provide financial support and training to statistical
agencies within developing countries to help build
the capacity of these countries to collect, analyze,
and use gender-disaggregated poverty indicators for
policy-making, economic and social program develop-
ment, and service delivery.
(c) MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR REDUC-
ING WOMEN’S POVERTY BY HALF BY 2015.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the amount made avail-
able from the supplemental fund pursuant to section
105 of this Act for a fiscal year, the Administrator
of the United States Agency for International Devel-
opment is authorized to use up to $1,000,000 of
such amount to establish baseline data and monitor
progress toward the goal of reducing the poverty of
women by half by 2015.
(2) REPORTS.—The Administrator shall, as
part of the annual congressional presentation docu-
ments of the Agency, submit to Congress a report