I 
119TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7273 
To reauthorize the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and for 
other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 30, 2026 
Mr. BABIN (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. HARIDOPOLOS, and Mrs. 
FOUSHEE) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To reauthorize the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘NASA Reauthorization Act of 2026’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS 
Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2026. 
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TITLE II—EXPLORATION 
Sec. 201. Continuity of purpose for space exploration. 
Sec. 202. Artemis program. 
Sec. 203. Reaffirmation of the Space Launch System. 
Sec. 204. Human-rated lunar landing capabilities. 
Sec. 205. Advanced spacesuit capabilities. 
TITLE III—SPACE OPERATIONS 
Subtitle A—Policy 
Sec. 301. Report on continued United States presence in low-Earth orbit. 
Sec. 302. United States strategy for low-Earth orbit. 
Sec. 303. Risk of losing access to low-Earth orbit. 
Subtitle B—International Space Station 
Sec. 311. International Space Station. 
Sec. 312. Maintenance of service for International Space Station. 
Sec. 313. Nongovernmental human missions on the International Space Sta-
tion. 
Sec. 314. United States deorbit capabilities. 
Subtitle C—Future Activities and Other Provisions 
Sec. 321. Commercial low-Earth orbit development. 
Sec. 322. Report on suborbital crew missions. 
Sec. 323. Orbital debris research and development. 
Sec. 324. Lunar communications and navigation. 
Sec. 325. Celestial time standardization. 
TITLE IV—SPACE TECHNOLOGY 
Sec. 401. SBIR phase II flexibility. 
Sec. 402. Lunar power purchase agreement feasibility study. 
Sec. 403. Cryogenic fluid valve technology review. 
TITLE V—AERONAUTICS 
Sec. 501. Definitions. 
Sec. 502. Experimental aircraft demonstrations. 
Sec. 503. Hypersonics research. 
Sec. 504. Advanced materials and manufacturing technology. 
Sec. 505. Unmanned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility. 
Sec. 506. Advanced capabilities for emergency response operations. 
Sec. 507. Hydrogen aviation. 
Sec. 508. High-performance chase aircraft. 
Sec. 509. Collaboration with academia. 
Sec. 510. Decadal survey for national aeronautics research. 
Sec. 511. Making advancements in commercial hypersonics. 
TITLE VI—SCIENCE 
Sec. 601. Maintaining a balanced science portfolio. 
Sec. 602. Implementation of science mission cost-caps. 
Sec. 603. Reexamination of decadal surveys. 
Sec. 604. Landsat. 
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Sec. 605. Private earth observation data. 
Sec. 606. Commercial satellite data. 
Sec. 607. NASA data for agricultural applications. 
Sec. 608. Planetary science portfolio. 
Sec. 609. Planetary defense. 
Sec. 610. Lunar discovery and exploration. 
Sec. 611. Commercial lunar payload services. 
Sec. 612. Planetary and lunar operations. 
Sec. 613. Mars sample return. 
Sec. 614. Hubble space telescope servicing. 
Sec. 615. Great observatories mission and technology maturation. 
Sec. 616. Nancy Grace Roman space telescope. 
Sec. 617. Heliophysics research. 
Sec. 618. Study on commercial space weather data. 
Sec. 619. Geospace dynamics constellation. 
Sec. 620. Technology development for wildland fire science, management, and 
mitigation. 
Sec. 621. Implementation of recommendations by the National Wildland Fire 
Management and Mitigation Commission. 
TITLE VII—STEM EDUCATION 
Sec. 701. National space grant college and fellowship program. 
Sec. 702. Skilled technical workforce education outreach. 
TITLE VIII—POLICY OF NASA 
Sec. 801. Major programs. 
Sec. 802. NASA advisory council. 
Sec. 803. NASA assessment of early cost estimates. 
Sec. 804. Independent cost estimate. 
Sec. 805. Authorization for the transfer to NASA of funds from other agencies 
for scientific or engineering research or education. 
Sec. 806. Report on merits and options for establishing an institute relating to 
space resources. 
Sec. 807. Reports to Congress. 
Sec. 808. Contract flexibility. 
Sec. 809. GAO report. 
Sec. 810. NASA public-private talent program. 
Sec. 811. Report on Space Act agreements. 
Sec. 812. Mentoring. 
Sec. 813. Restriction on Federal funds relating to certain space and scientific 
activities of the People’s Republic of China. 
Sec. 814. Rule of construction. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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(8) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the mul-
tipurpose crew vehicle described under section 303 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 
(9) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘Space 
Launch System’’ means the Space Launch System 
authorized under section 302 of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322). 
TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF 
APPROPRIATIONS 
SEC. 101. FISCAL YEAR 2026. 
For fiscal year 2026, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to NASA $24,438,336,000, as follows: 
(1) For Exploration, $7,783,000,000. 
(2) For Space Operations, $4,175,000,000. 
(3) For Science, $7,250,000,000. 
(4) For Aeronautics, $935,000,000. 
(5) For Space Technology, $920,500,000. 
(6) For Education, $143,000,000. 
(7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
$3,000,000,000. 
(8) For Construction and Environmental Com-
pliance and Restoration, $185,336,000. 
(9) For Inspector General, $46,500,000. 
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TITLE II—EXPLORATION 
SEC. 201. CONTINUITY OF PURPOSE FOR SPACE EXPLO-
RATION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) NASA continues to make progress in devel-
oping and testing the Space Launch System, Orion, 
and associated ground systems, including through 
the successful completion of the Artemis I mission in 
November 2022 and through continued preparations 
for the Artemis II crewed flight demonstration mis-
sion. 
(2) The number of spacefaring countries is in-
creasing, and foreign countries have expanded activi-
ties for space exploration efforts, including efforts to 
explore and utilize the Moon through human and 
robotic missions. 
(3) A strong and ambitious space exploration 
program conducted with international and commer-
cial partners is important to maintaining United 
States leadership in space and enhancing United 
States international competitiveness. 
(4) Clear mission objectives that tie to concrete, 
long-term programmatic goals provide a measure to 
ensure accountability, enhance public support for ex-
ploration missions, and provide a clear signal of 
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commitment to both international and domestic 
partners. 
(b) CONTINUITY OF EXISTING CAPABILITIES AND 
PROGRAMS.— 
(1) As part of the human exploration activities 
of the Administration, including progress on Artemis 
missions and activities, the Administrator shall con-
tinue development of space exploration elements pur-
suant to section 10811 of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 
(Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20302). 
(2) The Administrator shall leverage the private 
sector for logistical services to the extent practical, 
consistent with the Moon to Mars architecture re-
quirements and in accordance with section 50131 of 
title 51, United States Code. 
(3) Congress reaffirms the sense of Congress to 
maintain continuity of purpose as described in sec-
tion 201 of the 2017 NASA Transition Authoriza-
tion Act (Public Law 115–10; 131 Stat. 21). 
SEC. 202. ARTEMIS PROGRAM. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—The following is the sense 
of Congress: 
(1) Exploration of outer space, including explo-
ration of the lunar surface and cislunar space, pro-
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vides benefits and economic opportunity, including 
by inspiring future generations and expanding the 
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 
workforce needed to sustain United States leader-
ship in science, space, and technology. 
(2) The lunar south pole is home to shadowed 
craters that may contain water ice and other 
volatiles. Understanding the nature of lunar polar 
volatiles, such as water ice, would advance science 
related to the origin and evolution of volatiles in the 
inner solar system and could facilitate the long-term 
future of space exploration. Water ice lunar re-
sources have the potential to become an enabling 
component of future space exploration missions 
throughout the solar system, including crewed mis-
sions to Mars. 
(3) Other countries have demonstrated techno-
logical advances and successful robotic missions for 
lunar exploration and have announced credible plans 
for long-term human exploration of the Moon that 
include the intent to establish lunar bases. 
(4) United States leadership of and measurable 
progress on the exploration of deep space is essential 
for guiding development of norms related to oper-
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ations on and around the Moon and for other space 
destinations. 
(5) It is in the national interest of the United 
States to hold a leadership role in discussions of fu-
ture norms governing activities in space, including 
those on the lunar surface and in cislunar space. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out activities to en-
able Artemis missions under the Moon to Mars Program 
set forth in section 10811 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public 
Law 117–167), the Administrator shall— 
(1) use relevant elements set forth in section 
10811(b)(2)(B) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 
(Public Law 117–167); 
(2) continue to ensure that the elements under 
paragraph (1) enable the human exploration of 
Mars, consistent with section 10811(b)(2)(C)(i) of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167); 
(3) engage with international partners, as ap-
propriate, in a manner that is consistent with sec-
tion 10811(b)(2)(C) the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 
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(Public Law 117–167), and that increases redun-
dancy, efficiency, and cost savings; and 
(4) leverage capabilities provided by United 
States commercial providers, as appropriate and 
practicable. 
(c) UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL PROVIDER CAPA-
BILITIES
IN SUPPORT
OF LUNAR EXPLORATION EF-
FORTS.—The Administrator may enter into agreements 
with United States commercial providers or engage in pub-
lic-private partnerships to procure capabilities and services 
to support the human exploration of the Moon or cislunar 
space. 
SEC. 203. REAFFIRMATION OF THE SPACE LAUNCH SYS-
TEM. 
(a) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT
AND
CADENCE
OBJEC-
TIVES.—Congress reaffirms— 
(A) support for the full development of ca-
pabilities of the Space Launch System as set 
forth in section 302(c) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization 
Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)); and 
(B) its commitment to the flight rate of 
the integrated Space Launch System and Orion 
crew vehicle missions set forth in section 
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10812(b) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2022 (Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 20301 
note). 
(2) OTHER USES.—The Administrator shall as-
sess the demand for the Space Launch System by 
entities other than NASA and shall break out such 
demand according to the relevant Federal agency or 
nongovernment sector. This assessment may— 
(A) estimate cost and schedule savings 
from reduced transit times and the potential for 
increased returns enabled by the unique capa-
bilities of the Space Launch System; 
(B) describe any barriers or challenges 
that could impede use of the Space Launch 
System by entities other than NASA; and 
(C) identify potential actions and costs as-
sociated with overcoming barriers and chal-
lenges described in subparagraph (B). 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
describing the following: 
(1) NASA’s progress towards achieving the 
flight rate referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B) and 
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the expected launch of the integrated Space Launch 
System and Orion crew vehicle missions after which 
such cadence shall be achieved. 
(2) The results of the assessment conducted 
pursuant to subsection (a)(2). 
SEC. 204. HUMAN-RATED LUNAR LANDING CAPABILITIES. 
(a) REAFFIRMATION.—Congress reaffirms that the 
Moon to Mars program set forth in section 10811 of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Author-
ization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167; 51 U.S.C. 
20302 note.; 136 Stat. 1732) shall include human-rated 
lunar landing systems. 
(b) HUMAN-RATED
LUNAR
LANDING
CAPABILI-
TIES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
carry out the following: 
(A) Support the development and dem-
onstration of, and shall obtain, human-rated 
lunar landing capabilities, including lunar as-
cent capabilities, to further the goals of the 
human exploration roadmap under section 432 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration Transition Authorization Act of 2017 
(Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note) 
and the Moon to Mars Program set forth in 
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section 10811 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2022 (Public Law 117–167). 
(B) Ensure that such human-rated lunar 
landing capabilities meet all relevant require-
ments, including requirements of the Moon to 
Mars program, and for human-rating and cer-
tification. 
(C) Ensure any commercial provider from 
which the Administrator obtains human-rated 
lunar landing capabilities is a United States 
commercial provider. 
(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—In carrying out para-
graph (1)(A)— 
(A) 
the 
Administrator 
may 
include 
uncrewed lunar landing services; and 
(B) the Administrator shall, subject to the 
availability of appropriations for such purpose, 
seek to obtain such capabilities from not fewer 
than two commercial providers. 
(c) REPORT.—The Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress the following: 
(1) Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, a report— 
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(A) identifying the contribution over the 
past five years, and the planned contribution 
for 2026 through 2030, of government per-
sonnel, expertise, technologies and infrastruc-
ture utilized and to be utilized in support of de-
sign, development, or operation of human lunar 
landing capabilities under this section; and 
(B) setting forth details and the associated 
costs of such government support, broken out 
according to the areas of contribution specified 
in subparagraph (A), as part of any develop-
ment initiative for obtaining human lunar land-
ing capabilities. 
(2) Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, a report that sets forth, for 
any agreement with a United States commercial pro-
vider for human lunar landing capabilities, the fol-
lowing: 
(A) The total value of the agreement when 
awarded. 
(B) If different from the amount in sub-
paragraph (A), the total value of the agreement 
as of the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
an explanation for any change in value, as well 
as an identification of whether NASA or the 
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commercial partner is responsible for meeting 
the change in value. 
(C) The dollar amount invested and to be 
invested by the Administration, and the dollar 
amount invested and to be invested by the com-
mercial partner. 
(D) The full requirements, including 
human-rating and safety requirements, for 
human lunar landing capabilities under the 
agreement when awarded. 
(E) If different from the amount specified 
in subparagraph (C), the full requirements, in-
cluding human-rating and certification require-
ments, for the human lunar landing capabilities 
under the agreement as of the date of the en-
actment of this Act and an explanation for any 
changes in requirements. 
(F) A description of milestone and associ-
ated payments provided for in the agreement, 
including the following: 
(i) An identification of all milestones 
under the agreement. 
(ii) The value of the associated pay-
ment for each milestone identified under 
clause (i). 
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(iii) An identification of completed 
milestones and the date of completion. 
(iv) An identification of milestones 
which have not yet been completed and an 
estimated schedule for completion. 
(v) The value of all NASA payments 
under the agreement, outlays as of the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and the 
amount which as of the date of the enact-
ment of this Act has not yet been paid. 
(vi) A description of any changes in 
milestones and associated payments be-
tween the date of contract award and the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
(G) Any cost, schedule, and performance 
challenges as of the date of the enactment of 
this Act in provider performance of the agree-
ment. 
(H) A detailed justification of compliance 
with section 30301 of title 51, United States 
Code. 
(I) A detailed certification and justification 
of compliance with section 50503 of title 51, 
United States Code. 
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timeline specified in paragraph (3)(B) cannot be 
met. 
SEC. 205. ADVANCED SPACESUIT CAPABILITIES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Space suits and associated extravehicular 
activity (EVA) technologies are critical exploration 
technologies that are necessary for crewed missions 
to low-Earth orbit and future human deep space ex-
ploration efforts, including to the lunar vicinity and 
surface of the Moon. 
(2) The NASA civil service workforce at the 
Johnson Space Center provides unique capabilities 
to design, integrate, and validate Space Suits and 
associated EVA technologies. 
(3) Maintaining a strong NASA core com-
petency in the design, development, manufacture, 
and operation of space suits and related technologies 
allows NASA to be an informed purchaser of com-
petitively awarded commercial space suits and sub-
components. 
(4) According to a 2018 NASA Office of In-
spector General (OIG) report, current EVAs space 
suits, the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs), 
were developed in the late 1970s, are reaching the 
end of their useful life, have experienced multiple 
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maintenance issues that threaten astronaut lives, 
and no longer accommodate the varying sizes of a 
diverse astronaut corps. 
(5) The same NASA OIG report found that 
‘‘manufacturers of several critical suit components, 
including the very fibers of the suits, have now gone 
out of business’’, which further reinforces the impor-
tance of NASA’s role in maintaining a space suit 
core competency and limiting the risk posed by out-
sourcing key national capabilities. 
(6) The private sector currently is developing 
space suit capabilities. 
(7) Testing space suits and related technologies 
on the ISS could reduce risk and improve safety of 
such suits and technologies. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall obtain 
advanced spacesuit capabilities necessary to achieve the 
goals of NASA’s human spaceflight exploration programs. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—Any commercial provider from 
which the Administrator obtains advanced spaceflight ca-
pabilities must be a United States commercial provider, 
as set forth in section 203(c) of this Act. 
(d) PRESERVING SPACESUIT EXPERTISE.— 
(1) In carrying out subsection (b), NASA shall 
maintain the internal expertise necessary to develop 
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space suits for both extravehicular activity and sur-
face operations, including through partnerships with 
the private sector. 
(2) The Johnson Space Center shall continue to 
manage NASA’s spacesuit and extravehicular activ-
ity programs. 
(e) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days from the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report— 
(1) describing NASA’s plans for— 
(A) in-space testing of advanced spacesuit 
capabilities, including— 
(i) space suit tests which must be con-
ducted in microgravity in low-Earth orbit; 
and 
(ii) space suit tests that must be con-
ducted on the ISS before decommissioning 
of the ISS; 
(B) transitioning from existing spacesuits 
in use on the ISS to use of advanced spacesuit 
capabilities; 
(C) future use of advanced spacesuit capa-
bilities by government astronauts with any non-
governmental platform in low-Earth orbit that 
is certified for use by the Administration for 
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government astronauts (as such term is defined 
in section 50902(4) of title 51, United States 
Code); and 
(D) disposition of retired spacesuits used 
on the Space Shuttle or the ISS; and 
(2) including— 
(A) a detailed justification of compliance 
with section 30301 of title 51, United States 
Code; and 
(B) a detailed certification and justifica-
tion of compliance with section 50503 of title 
51, United States Code. 
(f) ASSESSMENT
OF EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY 
UNITS USED ON THE ISS.— 
(1) No later than 45 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, the Administrator shall enter 
into an arrangement with an independent science 
and technical engineering organization to review the 
technical status and performance of the Administra-
tion’s 
existing 
extravehicular 
mobility 
units 
(‘‘EMUs’’), to analyze the data associated with all 
mishaps, anomalies, and off-nominal events related 
to the EMUs used by government astronauts on the 
ISS over the last 10 years, and to make rec-
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ommendations to the Administrator, based on the 
results of such assessment. 
(2) The Administrator shall ensure that the en-
tity carrying out the assessment in paragraph (1) 
consults with relevant industry contractors regarding 
the Administration’s EMUs and EMU capabilities, 
and coordinates with the NASA Astronaut Office in 
carrying out such assessment. 
(3) The Administrator shall transmit the re-
sults of the assessment in paragraph (1) to the ap-
propriate committees of Congress as soon as prac-
ticable and no later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
TITLE III—SPACE OPERATIONS 
Subtitle A—Policy 
SEC. 301. REPORT ON CONTINUED UNITED STATES PRES-
ENCE IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress a report containing an accounting of the following: 
(1) The five, ten, and twenty-year United 
States objectives for low-Earth orbit activities. 
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