821 
approved, endorsed, or authorized by the United 
States Marshals Service; 
shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) EXCLUSIONS.— 
‘‘(1) LAWFUL BEFORE ENACTMENT.—This sec-
tion does not make unlawful the use of any name or 
title which was lawful on June 25, 1948. 
‘‘(2) INSURANCE.—This section does not make 
unlawful the use of the word ‘national’ as part of the 
name of any business or firm engaged in the insur-
ance or indemnity business, whether such firm was 
engaged in the insurance or indemnity business prior 
or subsequent to the date of enactment of this para-
graph. 
‘‘(c) ENJOINING OF VIOLATION.—A violation of this 
section may be enjoined at the suit of the United States 
Attorney, upon complaint by any duly authorized rep-
resentative of any department or agency of the United 
States. 
‘‘§ 1056. Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia 
‘‘Whoever, in the course of collecting or aiding in the 
collection of private debts or obligations, or being engaged 
in furnishing private police, investigation, or other private 
detective services, uses or employs in any communication, 
correspondence, notice, advertisement, or circular the 
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words ‘national’, ‘Federal’, or ‘United States’, the initials 
‘U.S.’, or any emblem, insignia, or name, for the purpose 
of conveying and in a manner reasonably calculated to 
convey the false impression that such communication is 
from a department, agency, bureau, or instrumentality of 
the United States or in any manner represents the United 
States, shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1057. Use of likenesses of the great seal of the 
United States, the seals of the President 
and Vice President, the seal of the United 
States Senate, the seal of the United 
States House of Representatives, and the 
seal of the United States Congress 
‘‘(a) DISPLAY.—Whoever knowingly displays any 
printed or other likeness of the great seal of the United 
States, or of the seals of the President or the Vice Presi-
dent of the United States, or the seal of the United States 
Senate, or the seal of the United States House of Rep-
resentatives, or the seal of the United States Congress, 
or any facsimile thereof, in, or in connection with, any ad-
vertisement, poster, circular, book, pamphlet, or other 
publication, public meeting, play, motion picture, telecast, 
or other production, or on any building, monument, or sta-
tionery, for the purpose of conveying, or in a manner rea-
sonably calculated to convey, a false impression of spon-
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sorship or approval by the Government of the United 
States or by any department, agency, or instrumentality 
thereof, shall be imprisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘(b) LIKENESS ON ARTICLES.—Whoever, except as 
authorized under regulations promulgated by the Presi-
dent and published in the Federal Register, knowingly 
manufactures, reproduces, sells, or purchases for resale, 
either separately or appended to any article manufactured 
or sold, any likeness of the seals of the President or Vice 
President, or any substantial part thereof, except for man-
ufacture or sale of the article for the official use of the 
Government of the United States, shall be imprisoned not 
more than six months. 
‘‘(c) SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES.—Whoever, ex-
cept as directed by the United States Senate, or the Sec-
retary of the Senate on its behalf, knowingly uses, manu-
factures, reproduces, sells or purchases for resale, either 
separately or appended to any article manufactured or 
sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States Senate, 
or any substantial part thereof, except for manufacture 
or sale of the article for the official use of the Government 
of the United States, shall be imprisoned not more than 
six months. 
‘‘(d) SEAL OF UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REP-
RESENTATIVES.—Whoever, except as directed by the 
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United States House of Representatives, or the Clerk of 
the House of Representatives on its behalf, knowingly 
uses, manufactures, reproduces, sells or purchases for re-
sale, either separately or appended to any article manufac-
tured or sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States 
House of Representatives, or any substantial part thereof, 
except for manufacture or sale of the article for the official 
use of the Government of the United States, shall be im-
prisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘(e) SEAL OF CONGRESS.—Whoever, except as di-
rected by the United States Congress, or the Secretary 
of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives, acting jointly on its behalf, knowingly uses, manu-
factures, reproduces, sells or purchases for resale, either 
separately or appended to any article manufactured or 
sold, any likeness of the seal of the United States Con-
gress, or any substantial part thereof, except for manufac-
ture or sale of the article for the official use of the Govern-
ment of the United States, shall be imprisoned not more 
than six months. 
‘‘(f) VIOLATION MAY BE ENJOINED.—A violation of 
this section may be enjoined at the suit of the Attorney 
General— 
‘‘(1) in the case of the great seal of the United 
States and the seals of the President and Vice Presi-
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dent, upon complaint by any authorized representa-
tive of any department or agency of the United 
States; 
‘‘(2) in the case of the seal of the United States 
Senate, upon complaint by the Secretary of the Sen-
ate; 
‘‘(3) in the case of the seal of the United States 
House of Representatives, upon complaint by the 
Clerk of the House of Representatives; and 
‘‘(4) in the case of the seal of the United States 
Congress, upon complaint by the Secretary of the 
Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representa-
tives, acting jointly. 
‘‘§ 1058. Public employee insignia and uniform 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) knowingly transfers, transports, or re-
ceives, in interstate or foreign commerce, a counter-
feit official insignia or uniform; 
‘‘(2) knowingly transfers, in interstate or for-
eign commerce, a genuine official insignia or uni-
form to an individual, knowing that such individual 
is not authorized to possess it under the law of the 
place in which the badge is the official insignia or 
uniform; 
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‘‘(3) knowingly receives a genuine official insig-
nia or uniform in a transfer prohibited by paragraph 
(2); or 
‘‘(4) being a person not authorized to possess a 
genuine official insignia or uniform under the law of 
the place in which the badge is the official insignia 
or uniform, knowingly transports that badge in 
interstate or foreign commerce, 
shall be imprisoned not more than 6 months. 
‘‘(b) DEFENSE FOR CERTAIN USES.—It is a defense 
to a prosecution under this section that the insignia or 
uniform is other than a counterfeit insignia or uniform 
and is not used to mislead or deceive, or is used or is 
intended to be used exclusively— 
‘‘(1) as a memento, or in a collection or exhibit; 
‘‘(2) for decorative purposes; 
‘‘(3) for a dramatic presentation, such as a the-
atrical, film, or television production; or 
‘‘(4) for any other recreational purpose. 
‘‘(c) DEFENSE FOR CERTAIN OTHER USES.—It is a 
defense to a prosecution under this section that the official 
insignia or uniform is not used or intended to be used to 
mislead or deceive, or is a counterfeit insignia or uniform 
and is used or is intended to be used exclusively— 
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‘‘(1) for a dramatic presentation, such as a the-
atrical, film, or television production; or 
‘‘(2) for legitimate law enforcement purposes. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘genuine police badge’ means an 
official badge issued by public authority to identify 
an individual as a law enforcement officer having po-
lice powers; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘counterfeit police badge’ means 
an item that so resembles a police badge that it 
would deceive an ordinary individual into believing it 
was a genuine police badge; and 
‘‘(3) the term ‘official insignia or uniform’ 
means an article of distinctive clothing or insignia, 
including a badge, emblem or identification card, 
that is an indicium of the authority of a public em-
ployee; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘public employee’ means any offi-
cer or employee of the Federal Government or of a 
State or local government; and 
‘‘(5) the term ‘uniform’ means distinctive cloth-
ing or other items of dress, whether real or counter-
feit, worn during the performance of official duties 
and which identifies the wearer as a public agency 
employee. 
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‘‘SUBCHAPTER F—ESCAPE AND RESCUE 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1071. Prisoners in custody of institution or officer. 
‘‘1072. Instigating or assisting escape. 
‘‘1073. Officer permitting escape. 
‘‘1074. High speed flight from immigration checkpoint. 
‘‘1075. Escape from hospitalization. 
‘‘§ 1071. Prisoners in custody of institution or officer 
‘‘(a) ADULTS.—Whoever escapes or attempts to es-
cape from the custody of the Attorney General or his au-
thorized representative, or from any institution or facility 
in which he is confined by direction of the Attorney Gen-
eral, or from any custody under or by virtue of any process 
issued under the laws of the United States by any court, 
judge, or magistrate judge, or from the custody of an offi-
cer or employee of the United States pursuant to lawful 
arrest, shall, if the custody or confinement is by virtue 
of an arrest on a charge of felony, or conviction of any 
offense, be imprisoned not more than five years; or if the 
custody or confinement is for extradition, or for exclusion 
or expulsion proceedings under the immigration laws, or 
by virtue of an arrest or charge of or for a misdemeanor, 
and prior to conviction, be imprisoned not more than one 
year. 
‘‘(b) JUVENILES.—Whoever escapes or attempts to 
escape from the custody of the Attorney General or his 
authorized representative, or from any institution or facil-
ity in which he is confined by direction of the Attorney 
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General, or from any custody under or by virtue of any 
process issued under the laws of the United States by any 
court, judge, or magistrate judge, or from the custody of 
an officer or employee of the United States pursuant to 
lawful arrest, shall, if the custody or confinement is by 
virtue of a lawful arrest for a violation of any law of the 
United States not punishable by death or life imprison-
ment and committed before such person’s eighteenth 
birthday, and as to whom the Attorney General has not 
specifically directed the institution of criminal pro-
ceedings, or by virtue of a commitment as a juvenile delin-
quent under section 5034, be imprisoned not more than 
one year. Nothing in this section affects the discretionary 
authority vested in the Attorney General pursuant to sec-
tion 5032. 
‘‘§ 1072. Instigating or assisting escape 
‘‘(a) ADULTS.—Whoever rescues or attempts to res-
cue or instigates, aids or assists the escape, or attempt 
to escape, of any person arrested upon a warrant or other 
process issued under any law of the United States, or com-
mitted to the custody of the Attorney General or to any 
institution or facility by his direction, shall, if the custody 
or confinement is by virtue of an arrest on a charge of 
felony, or conviction of any offense, be imprisoned not 
more than five years; or, if the custody or confinement 
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is for extradition, or for exclusion or expulsion proceedings 
under the immigration laws, or by virtue of an arrest or 
charge of or for a misdemeanor, and prior to conviction, 
be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) JUVENILES.—Whoever rescues or attempts to 
rescue or instigates, aids, or assists the escape or at-
tempted escape of any person in the custody of the Attor-
ney General or his authorized representative, or of any 
person arrested upon a warrant or other process issued 
under any law of the United States or from any institution 
or facility in which he is confined by direction of the Attor-
ney General, shall, if the custody or confinement is by vir-
tue of a lawful arrest for a violation of any law of the 
United States not punishable by death or life imprison-
ment and committed before such person’s eighteenth 
birthday, and as to whom the Attorney General has not 
specifically directed the institution of criminal pro-
ceedings, or by virtue of a commitment as a juvenile delin-
quent under section 5034, be imprisoned not more than 
one year. 
‘‘§ 1073. Officer permitting escape 
‘‘Whoever, having in his custody any prisoner by vir-
tue of process issued under the laws of the United States 
by any court, judge, or magistrate judge, voluntarily suf-
fers such prisoner to escape, shall be imprisoned not more 
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than 5 years; or if he negligently suffers such person to 
escape, he shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1074. High speed flight from immigration check-
point 
‘‘Whoever flees or evades a checkpoint operated by 
the Immigration and Naturalization Service, or any other 
Federal law enforcement agency, in a motor vehicle and 
flees Federal, State, or local law enforcement agents in 
excess of the legal speed limit shall be imprisoned not 
more than five years. 
‘‘§ 1075. Escape from hospitalization 
‘‘Whoever escapes or attempts to escape from the 
custody of any facility or from any place in which or to 
which he is confined pursuant to this section 1826 of title 
28 or section 4243 of this title, or whoever rescues or at-
tempts to rescue or instigates, aids, or assists the escape 
or attempt to escape of such a person, shall be imprisoned 
not more than three years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER G—FALSE PERSONATION 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1091. Citizen of the United States. 
‘‘1092. Officer or employee of the United States. 
‘‘1093. Impersonator making arrest or search. 
‘‘§ 1091. Citizen of the United States 
‘‘Whoever falsely represents oneself to be a citizen of 
the United States shall be imprisoned not more than three 
years. 
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‘‘§ 1092. Officer or employee of the United States 
‘‘Whoever falsely assumes or pretends to be an officer 
or employee acting under the authority of the United 
States or any department, agency or officer thereof, and 
acts as such, or in such pretended character demands or 
obtains any money, paper, document, or thing of value, 
shall be imprisoned not more than three years. 
‘‘§ 1093. Impersonator making arrest or search 
‘‘Whoever falsely represents oneself to be an officer, 
agent, or employee of the United States, and in such as-
sumed character arrests or detains any person or in any 
manner searches the person, buildings, or other property 
of any person, shall be imprisoned not more than three 
years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER H—FUGITIVES FROM JUSTICE 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1101. Concealing person from arrest. 
‘‘1102. Concealing escaped prisoner. 
‘‘1103. Flight to avoid prosecution or giving testimony. 
‘‘1104. Flight to avoid prosecution for damaging or destroying any building or 
other real or personal property. 
‘‘§ 1101. Concealing person from arrest 
‘‘Whoever harbors or conceals any person for whose 
arrest a warrant or process has been issued under any 
law of the United States, so as to prevent his discovery 
and arrest, after notice or knowledge of the fact that a 
warrant or process has been issued for the apprehension 
of such person, shall be imprisoned not more than one 
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year; except that if the warrant or process issued on a 
charge of felony, or after conviction of such person of any 
offense, the punishment shall be a fine under this title, 
or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1102. Concealing escaped prisoner 
‘‘Whoever harbors or conceals any prisoner after that 
prisoner’s escape from the custody of the Attorney General 
or from a Federal penal or correctional institution, shall 
be imprisoned not more than three years. 
‘‘§ 1103. Flight to avoid prosecution or giving testi-
mony 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever moves or travels in inter-
state or foreign commerce with intent— 
‘‘(1) to avoid prosecution, or custody or confine-
ment after conviction, under the laws of the place 
from which he flees, for a crime, or an attempt to 
commit a crime, punishable by death or which is a 
felony under the laws of the place from which the 
fugitive flees; 
‘‘(2) to avoid giving testimony in any criminal 
proceedings in such place in which the commission 
of an offense punishable by death or which is a fel-
ony under the laws of such place, is charged; or 
‘‘(3) to avoid service of, or contempt pro-
ceedings for alleged disobedience of, lawful process 
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requiring attendance and the giving of testimony or 
the production of documentary evidence before an 
agency of a State empowered by the law of such 
State to conduct investigations of alleged criminal 
activities; 
shall be imprisoned not more than five years. 
‘‘(b) SPECIAL VENUE AND APPROVAL REQUIRED.— 
Violations of this section may be prosecuted only in the 
Federal judicial district in which the original crime was 
alleged to have been committed, or in which the person 
was held in custody or confinement, or in which an avoid-
ance of service of process or a contempt referred to in 
subsection (a)(3) is alleged to have been committed, and 
only upon formal approval in writing by the Attorney Gen-
eral, the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney 
General, or an Assistant Attorney General of the United 
States, which function of approving prosecutions may not 
be delegated. 
‘‘§ 1104. Flight to avoid prosecution for damaging or 
destroying any building or other real or 
personal property 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever moves or travels in inter-
state or foreign commerce with intent— 
‘‘(1) to avoid prosecution, or custody, or con-
finement after conviction, under the laws of the 
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place from which he flees, for attempting to or dam-
aging or destroying by fire or explosive any building, 
structure, facility, vehicle, dwelling house, syna-
gogue, church, religious center or educational insti-
tution, public or private; or 
‘‘(2) to avoid giving testimony in any criminal 
proceeding relating to any such offense; 
shall be imprisoned not more than five years. 
‘‘(b) VENUE.—Violations of this section may be pros-
ecuted in the Federal judicial district in which the original 
crime was alleged to have been committed or in which the 
person was held in custody or confinement. 
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section shall 
not be construed as indicating an intent on the part of 
Congress to prevent the exercise by a State of any jurisdic-
tion over any offense over which that State would have 
jurisdiction in the absence of such section. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1131. Assault on process server. 
‘‘1132. Influencing or injuring officer or juror generally. 
‘‘1133. Obstruction of proceedings before departments, agencies, and commit-
tees. 
‘‘1134. Obstruction of Court orders. 
‘‘1135. Obstruction of criminal investigations. 
‘‘1136. Obstruction of State or local law enforcement with regard to illegal gam-
bling business. 
‘‘1137. Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant. 
‘‘1138. Retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant. 
‘‘1139. Civil action to restrain harassment of a victim or witness. 
‘‘1140. Civil action to protect against retaliation in fraud cases. 
‘‘1141. Definitions for certain provisions; general provision. 
‘‘1142. Destruction of corporate audit records. 
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‘‘§ 1131. Assault on process server 
‘‘Whoever— 
‘‘(1) knowingly obstructs, resists, or opposes 
any officer of the United States, or other person 
duly authorized, in serving, or attempting to serve or 
execute, any legal or judicial writ or process of any 
court of the United States, or United States mag-
istrate judge; or 
‘‘(2) assaults, beats, or wounds any officer or 
other person duly authorized, knowing him to be 
such officer, or other person so duly authorized, in 
serving or executing any such writ, rule, order, proc-
ess, warrant, or other legal or judicial writ or proc-
ess; 
shall, except as otherwise provided by law, be imprisoned 
not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1132. Influencing or injuring officer or juror gen-
erally 
‘‘(a) ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE.—Whoever cor-
ruptly, or by threats or force, or by any threatening letter 
or communication, endeavors to influence, intimidate, or 
impede any grand or petit juror, or officer in or of any 
court of the United States, or officer who may be serving 
at any examination or other proceeding before any United 
States magistrate judge or other committing magistrate, 
in the discharge of duty, or injures any such grand or petit 
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juror in his or her person or property on account of any 
verdict or indictment assented to by him or her, or on ac-
count of being or having been such juror, or injures any 
such officer, magistrate judge, or other committing mag-
istrate in his or her person or property on account of the 
performance of his official duties, or corruptly or by 
threats or force, or by any threatening letter or commu-
nication, influences, obstructs, or impedes, or endeavors 
to influence, obstruct, or impede, the due administration 
of justice, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b). 
If the offense under this section occurs in connection with 
a trial of a criminal case, and the act in violation of this 
section involves the threat of physical force or physical 
force, the maximum term of imprisonment which may be 
imposed for the offense shall be the higher of that other-
wise provided by law or the maximum term that could 
have been imposed for any offense charged in such case. 
‘‘(b) PUNISHMENT.—The punishment for an offense 
under this section is— 
‘‘(1) in the case of a killing, the punishment 
provided in sections 103 and 104; 
‘‘(2) in the case of an attempted killing, or a 
case in which the offense was committed against a 
petit juror and, imprisonment for not more than 20 
years; and 
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‘‘(3) in any other case, imprisonment for not 
more than 10 years. 
‘‘§ 1133. Obstruction of proceedings before depart-
ments, agencies, and committees 
‘‘Whoever— 
‘‘(1) with intent to avoid, evade, prevent, or ob-
struct compliance, in whole or in part, with any civil 
investigative demand duly and properly made under 
the Antitrust Civil Process Act, knowingly withholds, 
misrepresents, removes from any place, conceals, 
covers up, destroys, mutilates, alters, or by other 
means falsifies any documentary material, answers 
to written interrogatories, or oral testimony, which is 
the subject of such demand; or attempts to do so or 
solicits another to do so; or 
‘‘(2) corruptly, or by threats or force, or by any 
threatening letter or communication influences, ob-
structs, or impedes the due and proper administra-
tion of the law under which any pending proceeding 
is being had before any department or agency of the 
United States, or the due and proper exercise of the 
power of inquiry under which any inquiry or inves-
tigation is being had by either House, or any com-
mittee of either House or any joint committee of the 
Congress; 
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shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the of-
fense involves international or domestic terrorism (as de-
fined in section 283), imprisoned not more than 8 years. 
‘‘§ 1134. Obstruction of Court orders 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, by threats or force, know-
ingly prevents, obstructs, impedes, or interferes with the 
due exercise of rights or the performance of duties under 
any order, judgment, or decree of a court of the United 
States, shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) INJUNCTIVE AND OTHER RELIEF AVAILABLE.— 
No injunctive or other civil relief against the conduct made 
criminal by this section shall be denied on the ground that 
such conduct is a crime. 
‘‘§ 1135. Obstruction of criminal investigations 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly attempts by 
means of bribery to obstruct, delay, or prevent the commu-
nication of information relating to a violation of any crimi-
nal statute of the United States by any person to a crimi-
nal investigator shall be imprisoned not more than five 
years. 
‘‘(b) FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.—(1) Whoever, being 
an officer of a financial institution, with the intent to ob-
struct a judicial proceeding, notifies any other person 
about the existence or contents of a subpoena for records 
of that financial institution, or information that has been 
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furnished in response to that subpoena, shall be impris-
oned not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(2) Whoever, being an officer of a financial institu-
tion notifies— 
‘‘(A) a customer of that financial institution 
whose records are sought by a subpoena for records; 
or 
‘‘(B) any other person named in that subpoena; 
about the existence or contents of that subpoena or infor-
mation that has been furnished in response to that sub-
poena, shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(3) As used in this subsection— 
‘‘(A) the term ‘an officer of a financial institu-
tion’ means an officer, director, partner, employee, 
agent, or attorney of or for a financial institution; 
and 
‘‘(B) the term ‘subpoena for records’ means a 
Federal grand jury subpoena or a Department of 
Justice subpoena (issued under section 3486 of title 
18), for customer records that has been served relat-
ing to a violation of, or a conspiracy to violate— 
‘‘(i) section 1003, 644, 645, 773, 774, 
775, 779, 804, 1451, 1452, or chapter 53 of 
title 31; or 
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‘‘(ii) section 801 or 803 affecting a finan-
cial institution. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term 
‘criminal investigator’ means any individual duly author-
ized by a department, agency, or armed force of the 
United States to conduct or engage in investigations of 
or prosecutions for violations of the criminal laws of the 
United States. 
‘‘(d) INSURANCE.—(1) Whoever— 
‘‘(A) acting as, or being, an officer, director, 
agent or employee of a person engaged in the busi-
ness of insurance whose activities affect interstate 
commerce, or 
‘‘(B) is engaged in the business of insurance 
whose activities affect interstate commerce or is in-
volved (other than as an insured or beneficiary 
under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating 
to the conduct of affairs of such a business, 
with intent to obstruct a judicial proceeding, notifies any 
other person about the existence or contents of a subpoena 
for records of that person engaged in such business or in-
formation that has been furnished to a Federal grand jury 
in response to that subpoena, shall be imprisoned not more 
than 5 years. 
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‘‘(2) As used in paragraph (1), the term ‘subpoena 
for records’ means a Federal grand jury subpoena for 
records that has been served relating to a violation of, or 
a conspiracy to violate, section 790. 
‘‘(e) Whoever, having been notified of the applicable 
disclosure prohibitions or confidentiality requirements of 
section 3120G(c)(1) of this title, section 626(d)(1) or 
627(c)(1) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, section 
1114(a)(3)(A) or 1114(a)(5)(D)(i) of the Right to Finan-
cial Privacy Act of 1978, or section 802(b)(1) of the Na-
tional Security Act of 1947, knowingly and with the intent 
to obstruct an investigation or judicial proceeding violates 
such prohibitions or requirements applicable by law to 
such person shall be imprisoned for not more than five 
years. 
‘‘§ 1136. Obstruction of State or local law enforce-
ment with regard to illegal gambling 
business 
‘‘(a) ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE.—It shall be un-
lawful for two or more persons to conspire to obstruct the 
enforcement of the criminal laws of a State or political 
subdivision thereof, with the intent to facilitate an illegal 
gambling business if— 
‘‘(1) one or more of such persons does any act 
to effect the object of such a conspiracy; 
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‘‘(2) one or more of such persons is an official 
or employee, elected, appointed, or otherwise, of such 
State or political subdivision; and 
‘‘(3) one or more of such persons conducts fi-
nances, manages, supervises, directs, or owns all or 
part of an illegal gambling business. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘illegal gambling business’ means 
a gambling business which— 
‘‘(A) is a violation of the law of a State or 
political subdivision in which it is conducted; 
‘‘(B) involves five or more persons who 
conduct, finance, manage, supervise, direct, or 
own all or part of such business; and 
‘‘(C) has been or remains in substantially 
continuous operation for a period in excess of 
thirty days or has a gross revenue of $2,000 in 
any single day; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘gambling’ includes pool-selling, 
bookmaking, maintaining slot machines, roulette 
wheels, or dice tables, and conducting lotteries, pol-
icy, bolita or numbers games, or selling chances 
therein. 
‘‘(c) EXCLUSION.—This section does not apply to any 
bingo game, lottery, or similar game of chance conducted 
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by an organization exempt from tax under paragraph (3) 
of subsection (c) of section 501 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, if no part of the gross receipts derived from 
such activity inures to the benefit of any private share-
holder, member, or employee of such organization, except 
as reimbursement for actual expenses incurred in the con-
duct of such activity. 
‘‘(d) PUNISHMENT.—Whoever violates this section 
shall be imprisoned not more than five years. 
‘‘§ 1137. Tampering with a witness, victim, or an in-
formant 
‘‘(a) VIOLENT OFFENSE.— 
‘‘(1) KILLING.—Whoever kills or attempts to 
kill another person, with intent to— 
‘‘(A) prevent the attendance or testimony 
of any person in an official proceeding; 
‘‘(B) prevent the production of a record, 
document, or other object, in an official pro-
ceeding; or 
‘‘(C) prevent the communication by any 
person to a law enforcement officer or judge of 
the United States of information relating to the 
commission or possible commission of a Federal 
offense or a violation of conditions of probation, 
parole, or release pending judicial proceedings; 
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shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(2) USE OR THREAT OF PHYSICAL FORCE.— 
Whoever uses physical force or the threat of physical 
force against any person, or attempts to do so, with 
intent to— 
‘‘(A) influence, delay, or prevent the testi-
mony of any person in an official proceeding; 
‘‘(B) cause or induce any person to— 
‘‘(i) withhold testimony, or withhold a 
record, document, or other object, from an 
official proceeding; 
‘‘(ii) alter, destroy, mutilate, or con-
ceal an object with intent to impair the in-
tegrity or availability of the object for use 
in an official proceeding; 
‘‘(iii) evade legal process summoning 
that person to appear as a witness, or to 
produce a record, document, or other ob-
ject, in an official proceeding; or 
‘‘(iv) be absent from an official pro-
ceeding to which that person has been 
summoned by legal process; or 
‘‘(C) hinder, delay, or prevent the commu-
nication to a law enforcement officer or judge 
of the United States of information relating to 
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the commission or possible commission of a 
Federal offense or a violation of conditions of 
probation, supervised release, parole, or release 
pending judicial proceedings; 
shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(3) PUNISHMENT.—The punishment for an of-
fense under this subsection is— 
‘‘(A) in the case of a murder, the same as 
provided for a like offense in chapter 10; 
‘‘(B) in the case of an attempt to murder 
or the use or attempted use of physical force 
against any person, imprisonment for not more 
than 30 years; and 
‘‘(C) in the case of the threat of use of 
physical force against any person, imprisonment 
for not more than 20 years. 
‘‘(b) NONVIOLENT OFFENSES INVOLVING OTHER 
PERSONS.—Whoever knowingly uses intimidation, threat-
ens, or corruptly persuades another person, or attempts 
to do so, or engages in misleading conduct toward another 
person, with intent to— 
‘‘(1) influence, delay, or prevent the testimony 
of any person in an official proceeding; 
‘‘(2) cause or induce any person to— 
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‘‘(A) withhold testimony, or withhold a 
record, document, or other object, from an offi-
cial proceeding; 
‘‘(B) alter, destroy, mutilate, or conceal an 
object with intent to impair the object’s integ-
rity or availability for use in an official pro-
ceeding; 
‘‘(C) evade legal process summoning that 
person to appear as a witness, or to produce a 
record, document, or other object, in an official 
proceeding; or 
‘‘(D) be absent from an official proceeding 
to which such person has been summoned by 
legal process; or 
‘‘(3) hinder, delay, or prevent the communica-
tion to a law enforcement officer or judge of the 
United States of information relating to the commis-
sion or possible commission of a Federal offense or 
a violation of conditions of probation, supervised re-
lease, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings. 
‘‘(c) NONVIOLENT
OFFENSES
NOT
INVOLVING 
OTHER PERSONS.—Whoever corruptly— 
‘‘(1) alters, destroys, mutilates, or conceals a 
record, document, or other object, or attempts to do 
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so, with the intent to impair the object’s integrity or 
availability for use in an official proceeding; or 
‘‘(2) otherwise obstructs, influences, or impedes 
any official proceeding, or attempts to do so, 
shall be imprisoned not more than 20 years. 
‘‘(d) HARASSMENT.—Whoever intentionally harasses 
another person and thereby hinders, delays, prevents, or 
dissuades any person from— 
‘‘(1) attending or testifying in an official pro-
ceeding; 
‘‘(2) reporting to a law enforcement officer or 
judge of the United States the commission or pos-
sible commission of a Federal offense or a violation 
of conditions of probation, supervised release, parole, 
or release pending judicial proceedings; 
‘‘(3) arresting or seeking the arrest of another 
person in connection with a Federal offense; or 
‘‘(4) causing a criminal prosecution, or a parole 
or probation revocation proceeding, to be sought or 
instituted, or assisting in such prosecution or pro-
ceeding; 
shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(e) AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE.—In a prosecution for 
an offense under this section, it is an affirmative defense, 
that the conduct consisted solely of lawful conduct and 
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that the defendant’s sole intention was to encourage, in-
duce, or cause the other person to testify truthfully. 
‘‘(f) SPECIAL RULES.—For the purposes of this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(1) an official proceeding need not be pending 
or about to be instituted at the time of the offense; 
and 
‘‘(2) the testimony, or the record, document, or 
other object need not be admissible in evidence or 
free of a claim of privilege. 
‘‘(g) STATE OF MIND.—In a prosecution for an of-
fense under this section, no state of mind need be proved 
with respect to the circumstance— 
‘‘(1) that the official proceeding before a judge, 
court, magistrate judge, grand jury, or government 
agency is before a judge or court of the United 
States, a United States magistrate judge, a bank-
ruptcy judge, a Federal grand jury, or a Federal 
Government agency; or 
‘‘(2) that the judge is a judge of the United 
States or that the law enforcement officer is an offi-
cer or employee of the Federal Government or a per-
son authorized to act for or on behalf of the Federal 
Government or serving the Federal Government as 
an adviser or consultant. 
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‘‘(h) EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION.—There is 
extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over an offense under 
this section. 
‘‘(i) VENUE.—A prosecution under this section or 
section 1132 may be brought in the district in which the 
official proceeding (whether or not pending or about to 
be instituted) was intended to be affected or in the district 
in which the conduct constituting the alleged offense oc-
curred. 
‘‘(j) INCREASED PUNISHMENT.—If the offense under 
this section occurs in connection with a trial of a criminal 
case, the maximum term of imprisonment which may be 
imposed for the offense shall be the higher of that other-
wise provided by law or the maximum term that could 
have been imposed for any offense charged in such case. 
‘‘§ 1138. Retaliating against a witness, victim, or an 
informant 
‘‘(a) OFFENSES INVOLVING KILLING.— 
‘‘(1) ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE.—Whoever 
kills another person with intent to retaliate against 
any person for— 
‘‘(A) the attendance of a witness or party 
at an official proceeding, or any testimony given 
or any record, document, or other object pro-
duced by a witness in an official proceeding; or 
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‘‘(B) providing to a law enforcement officer 
any information relating to the commission or 
possible commission of a Federal offense or a 
violation of conditions of probation, supervised 
release, parole, or release pending judicial pro-
ceedings, 
shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(2) PUNISHMENT.—The punishment for an of-
fense under this subsection is the same as for a like 
offense under subchapter A of chapter 10. 
‘‘(b) OFFENSES INVOLVING BODILY INJURY.—Who-
ever knowingly engages in any conduct and thereby causes 
bodily injury to another person or damages the tangible 
property of another person, or threatens to do so, with 
intent to retaliate against any person for— 
‘‘(1) the attendance of a witness or party at an 
official proceeding, or any testimony given or any 
record, document, or other object produced by a wit-
ness in an official proceeding; or 
‘‘(2) any information relating to the commission 
or possible commission of a Federal offense or a vio-
lation of conditions of probation, supervised release, 
parole, or release pending judicial proceedings given 
by a person to a law enforcement officer, 
shall be imprisoned for not more than 20 years. 
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‘‘(c) INCREASED PUNISHMENT.—If the retaliation 
occurred because of attendance at or testimony in a crimi-
nal case, the maximum term of imprisonment which may 
be imposed for the offense under this section shall be the 
higher of that otherwise provided by law or the maximum 
term that could have been imposed for any offense charged 
in such case. 
‘‘(d) EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION.—There is 
extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over an offense under 
this section. 
‘‘(e) OTHER
RETALIATION.—Whoever knowingly, 
with the intent to retaliate, takes any action harmful to 
any person, including interference with the lawful employ-
ment or livelihood of any person, for providing to a law 
enforcement officer any truthful information relating to 
the commission or possible commission of any Federal of-
fense, shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘§ 1139. Civil action to restrain harassment of a vic-
tim or witness 
‘‘(a) TEMPORARY
RESTRAINING
ORDER.—(1) A 
United States district court, upon application of the attor-
ney for the Government, shall issue a temporary restrain-
ing order prohibiting harassment of a victim or witness 
in a Federal criminal case if the court finds, from specific 
facts shown by affidavit or by verified complaint, that 
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there are reasonable grounds to believe that harassment 
of an identified victim or witness in a Federal criminal 
case exists or that such order is necessary to prevent and 
restrain an offense under section 1137, other than an of-
fense consisting of misleading conduct, or under section 
1138. 
‘‘(2)(A) A temporary restraining order may be issued 
under this section without written or oral notice to the 
adverse party or such party’s attorney in a civil action 
under this section if the court finds, upon written certifi-
cation of facts by the attorney for the Government, that 
such notice should not be required and that there is a rea-
sonable probability that the Government will prevail on the 
merits. 
‘‘(B) A temporary restraining order issued without 
notice under this section shall be endorsed with the date 
and hour of issuance and be filed forthwith in the office 
of the clerk of the court issuing the order. 
‘‘(C) A temporary restraining order issued under this 
section shall expire at such time, not to exceed 14 days 
from issuance, as the court directs; the court, for good 
cause shown before expiration of such order, may extend 
the expiration date of the order for up to 14 days or for 
such longer period agreed to by the adverse party. 
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‘‘(D) When a temporary restraining order is issued 
without notice, the motion for a protective order shall be 
set down for hearing at the earliest possible time and takes 
precedence over all matters except older matters of the 
same character, and when such motion comes on for hear-
ing, if the attorney for the Government does not proceed 
with the application for a protective order, the court shall 
dissolve the temporary restraining order. 
‘‘(E) If on two days notice to the attorney for the 
Government, excluding intermediate weekends and holi-
days, or on such shorter notice as the court may prescribe, 
the adverse party appears and moves to dissolve or modify 
the temporary restraining order, the court shall proceed 
to hear and determine such motion as expeditiously as the 
ends of justice require. 
‘‘(F) A temporary restraining order shall set forth the 
reasons for the issuance of such order, be specific in 
terms, and describe in reasonable detail (and not by ref-
erence to the complaint or other document) the act or acts 
being restrained. 
‘‘(b) PROTECTIVE ORDER.—(1) A United States dis-
trict court, upon motion of the attorney for the Govern-
ment, shall issue a protective order prohibiting harassment 
of a victim or witness in a Federal criminal case if the 
court, after a hearing, finds by a preponderance of the 
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evidence that harassment of an identified victim or witness 
in a Federal criminal case exists or that such order is nec-
essary to prevent and restrain an offense under section 
1137, other than an offense consisting of misleading con-
duct, or under section 1138. 
‘‘(2) At the hearing referred to in paragraph (1) of 
this subsection, any adverse party named in the complaint 
shall have the right to present evidence and cross-examine 
witnesses. 
‘‘(3) A protective order shall set forth the reasons for 
the issuance of such order, be specific in terms, describe 
in reasonable detail (and not by reference to the complaint 
or other document) the act or acts being restrained. 
‘‘(4) The court shall set the duration of effect of the 
protective order for such period as the court determines 
necessary to prevent harassment of the victim or witness 
but in no case for a period in excess of three years from 
the date of such order’s issuance. The attorney for the 
Government may, at any time within ninety days before 
the expiration of such order, apply for a new protective 
order under this section. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘harassment’ means a course of 
conduct directed at a specific person that— 
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‘‘(A) causes substantial emotional distress 
in such person; and 
‘‘(B) serves no legitimate purpose; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘course of conduct’ means a se-
ries of acts over a period of time, however short, in-
dicating a continuity of purpose. 
‘‘§ 1140. Civil action to protect against retaliation in 
fraud cases 
‘‘(a) WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION FOR EMPLOY-
EES OF PUBLICLY TRADED COMPANIES.—No company 
with a class of securities registered under section 12 of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or that is required 
to file reports under section 15(d) of the Securities Ex-
change Act of 1934, including any subsidiary or affiliate 
whose financial information is included in the consolidated 
financial statements of such company, or nationally recog-
nized statistical rating organization (as defined in section 
3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or any offi-
cer, employee, contractor, subcontractor, or agent of such 
company or nationally recognized statistical rating organi-
zation, may discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, 
or in any other manner discriminate against an employee 
in the terms and conditions of employment because of any 
lawful act done by the employee— 
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‘‘(1) to provide information, cause information 
to be provided, or otherwise assist in an investiga-
tion regarding any conduct which the employee rea-
sonably believes constitutes a violation of section 
801, 803, 804, or 807, any rule or regulation of the 
Securities and Exchange Commission, or any provi-
sion of Federal law relating to fraud against share-
holders, when the information or assistance is pro-
vided to or the investigation is conducted by— 
‘‘(A) a Federal regulatory or law enforce-
ment agency; 
‘‘(B) any Member of Congress or any com-
mittee of Congress; or 
‘‘(C) a person with supervisory authority 
over the employee (or such other person work-
ing for the employer who has the authority to 
investigate, discover, or terminate misconduct); 
or 
‘‘(2) to file, cause to be filed, testify, participate 
in, or otherwise assist in a proceeding filed or about 
to be filed (with any knowledge of the employer) re-
lating to an alleged violation of section 801, 803, 
804, or 807, any rule or regulation of the Securities 
and Exchange Commission, or any provision of Fed-
eral law relating to fraud against shareholders. 
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‘‘(b) ENFORCEMENT ACTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A person who alleges dis-
charge or other discrimination by any person in vio-
lation of subsection (a) may seek relief under sub-
section (c), by— 
‘‘(A) filing a complaint with the Secretary 
of Labor; or 
‘‘(B) if the Secretary has not issued a final 
decision within 180 days of the filing of the 
complaint and there is no showing that such 
delay is due to the bad faith of the claimant, 
bringing an action at law or equity for de novo 
review in the appropriate district court of the 
United States, which shall have jurisdiction 
over such an action without regard to the 
amount in controversy. 
‘‘(2) PROCEDURE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An action under para-
graph (1)(A) shall be governed under the rules 
and procedures set forth in section 42121(b) of 
title 49. 
‘‘(B) 
EXCEPTION.—Notification 
made 
under section 42121(b)(1) of title 49, shall be 
made to the person named in the complaint and 
to the employer. 
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‘‘(C) BURDENS
OF
PROOF.—An action 
brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be gov-
erned by the legal burdens of proof set forth in 
section 42121(b) of title 49. 
‘‘(D) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—An ac-
tion under paragraph (1) shall be commenced 
not later than 180 days after the date on which 
the violation occurs, or after the date on which 
the employee became aware of the violation. 
‘‘(E) JURY TRIAL.—A party to an action 
brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be enti-
tled to trial by jury. 
‘‘(c) REMEDIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An employee prevailing in 
any action under subsection (b)(1) shall be entitled 
to all relief necessary to make the employee whole. 
‘‘(2) COMPENSATORY DAMAGES.—Relief for any 
action under paragraph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) reinstatement with the same seniority 
status that the employee would have had, but 
for the discrimination; 
‘‘(B) the amount of back pay, with inter-
est; and 
‘‘(C) compensation for any special damages 
sustained as a result of the discrimination, in-
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cluding litigation costs, expert witness fees, and 
reasonable attorney fees. 
‘‘(d) RIGHTS RETAINED BY EMPLOYEE.—Nothing in 
this section diminishes the rights, privileges, or remedies 
of any employee under any Federal or State law, or under 
any collective bargaining agreement. 
‘‘(e) NONENFORCEABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS 
WAIVING RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OR REQUIRING ARBI-
TRATION OF DISPUTES.— 
‘‘(1) WAIVER OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES.—The 
rights and remedies provided for in this section may 
not be waived by any agreement, policy form, or con-
dition of employment, including by a predispute ar-
bitration agreement. 
‘‘(2) 
PREDISPUTE
ARBITRATION
AGREE-
MENTS.—No predispute arbitration agreement shall 
be valid or enforceable, if the agreement requires ar-
bitration of a dispute arising under this section. 
‘‘§ 1141. Definitions for certain provisions; general 
provision 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS FOR SECTIONS 1137 AND 1138.— 
As used in sections 1137 and 1138 and in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘official proceeding’ means— 
‘‘(A) a proceeding before a judge or court 
of the United States, a United States mag-
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istrate judge, a bankruptcy judge, a judge of 
the United States Tax Court, a special trial 
judge of the Tax Court, a judge of the United 
States Court of Federal Claims, or a Federal 
grand jury; 
‘‘(B) a proceeding before the Congress; 
‘‘(C) a proceeding before a Federal Gov-
ernment agency which is authorized by law; or 
‘‘(D) a proceeding involving the business of 
insurance whose activities affect interstate com-
merce before any insurance regulatory official 
or agency or any agent or examiner appointed 
by such official or agency to examine the affairs 
of any person engaged in the business of insur-
ance whose activities affect interstate com-
merce; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘physical force’ means physical 
action against another, and includes confinement; 
‘‘(3) the term ‘misleading conduct’ means— 
‘‘(A) knowingly making a false statement; 
‘‘(B) intentionally omitting information 
from a statement and thereby causing a portion 
of such statement to be misleading, or inten-
tionally concealing a material fact, and thereby 
creating a false impression by such statement; 
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‘‘(C) with intent to mislead, knowingly 
submitting or inviting reliance on a writing or 
recording that is false, forged, altered, or other-
wise lacking in authenticity; 
‘‘(D) with intent to mislead, knowingly 
submitting or inviting reliance on a sample, 
specimen, map, photograph, boundary mark, or 
other object that is misleading in a material re-
spect; or 
‘‘(E) knowingly using a trick, scheme, or 
device with intent to mislead; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘law enforcement officer’ means 
an officer or employee of the Federal Government, 
or a person authorized to act for or on behalf of the 
Federal Government or serving the Federal Govern-
ment as an adviser or consultant— 
‘‘(A) authorized under law to engage in or 
supervise the prevention, detection, investiga-
tion, or prosecution of an offense; or 
‘‘(B) serving as a probation or pretrial 
services officer under this title; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘corruptly persuades’ does not in-
clude conduct which would be misleading conduct 
but for a lack of a state of mind. 
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‘‘(b) DEFINITION FOR SECTION 1133.—As used in 
section 1133, the term ‘corruptly’ means acting with an 
improper purpose, personally or by influencing another, 
including making a false or misleading statement, or with-
holding, concealing, altering, or destroying a document or 
other information. 
‘‘(c) EXCLUSION.—This subchapter does not prohibit 
or punish the providing of lawful, bona fide, legal rep-
resentation services in connection with or anticipation of 
an official proceeding. 
‘‘§ 1142. Destruction of corporate audit records 
‘‘(a) REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.—(1) Any ac-
countant who conducts an audit of an issuer of securities 
to which section 10A(a) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 applies, shall maintain all audit or review 
workpapers for a period of 5 years from the end of the 
fiscal period in which the audit or review was concluded. 
‘‘(2) The Securities and Exchange Commission shall 
promulgate, within 180 days, after adequate notice and 
an opportunity for comment, such rules and regulations, 
as are reasonably necessary, relating to the retention of 
relevant records such as workpapers, documents that form 
the basis of an audit or review, memoranda, correspond-
ence, communications, other documents, and records (in-
cluding electronic records) which are created, sent, or re-
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ceived in connection with an audit or review and contain 
conclusions, opinions, analyses, or financial data relating 
to such an audit or review, which is conducted by any ac-
countant who conducts an audit of an issuer of securities 
to which section 10A(a) of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934 applies. The Commission may, from time to time, 
amend or supplement the rules and regulations that it is 
required to promulgate under this section, after adequate 
notice and an opportunity for comment, in order to ensure 
that such rules and regulations adequately comport with 
the purposes of this section. 
‘‘(b) OFFENSE.—Whoever knowingly violates sub-
section (a)(1), or any rule or regulation promulgated by 
the Securities and Exchange Commission under subsection 
(a)(2), shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion diminishes or relieves any person of any other duty 
or obligation imposed by Federal or State law or regula-
tion to maintain, or refrain from destroying, any docu-
ment. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER J—PRISONS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1161. Providing or possessing contraband in prison. 
‘‘1162. Mutiny and riot prohibited. 
‘‘1163. Trespass on Bureau of Prisons reservations and land. 
‘‘§ 1161. Providing or possessing contraband in prison 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
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‘‘(1) in violation of a statute or a rule or order 
issued under a statute, provides to an inmate of a 
prison a prohibited object, or attempts to do so; or 
‘‘(2) being an inmate of a prison, makes, pos-
sesses, or obtains, or attempts to make or obtain, a 
prohibited object; 
shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(b) PUNISHMENT.—The punishment for an offense 
under this section is a fine under this title or— 
‘‘(1) imprisonment for not more than 20 years, 
or both, if the object is specified in subsection 
(d)(1)(C) of this section; 
‘‘(2) imprisonment for not more than 10 years, 
or both, if the object is specified in subsection 
(d)(1)(A) of this section; 
‘‘(3) imprisonment for not more than 5 years, 
or both, if the object is specified in subsection 
(d)(1)(B) of this section; 
‘‘(4) imprisonment for not more than one year, 
or both, if the object is specified in subsection 
(d)(1)(D), (d)(1)(E), or (d)(1)(F) of this section; 
and 
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‘‘(5) imprisonment for not more than 6 months, 
or both, if the object is specified in subsection 
(d)(1)(G) of this section. 
‘‘(c) CONSECUTIVE PUNISHMENT REQUIRED IN CER-
TAIN CASES.—Any punishment imposed under subsection 
(b) for a violation of this section involving a controlled 
substance shall be consecutive to any other sentence im-
posed by any court for an offense involving such a con-
trolled substance. Any punishment imposed under sub-
section (b) for a violation of this section by an inmate of 
a prison shall be consecutive to the sentence being served 
by such inmate at the time the inmate commits such viola-
tion. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘prohibited object’ means— 
‘‘(A) a firearm or destructive device or a 
controlled substance in schedule I or II, other 
than marijuana or a controlled substance re-
ferred to in subparagraph (C) of this sub-
section; 
‘‘(B) marijuana or a controlled substance 
in schedule III, other than a controlled sub-
stance referred to in subparagraph (C) of this 
subsection, ammunition, a weapon (other than a 
firearm or destructive device), or an object that 
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is designed or intended to be used as a weapon 
or to facilitate escape from a prison; 
‘‘(C) a narcotic drug, methamphetamine, 
its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers, lyser-
gic acid diethylamide, or phencyclidine; 
‘‘(D) a controlled substance (other than a 
controlled substance referred to in subpara-
graph (A), (B), or (C) of this subsection) or an 
alcoholic beverage; 
‘‘(E) any United States or foreign cur-
rency; 
‘‘(F) a phone or other device used by a 
user of commercial mobile service (as defined in 
section 332(d) of the Communications Act of 
1934) in connection with such service; and 
‘‘(G) any other object that threatens the 
order, discipline, or security of a prison, or the 
life, health, or safety of an individual; 
‘‘(2) the terms ‘ammunition’, ‘firearm’, and ‘de-
structive device’ have, respectively, the meanings 
given those terms in section 581; 
‘‘(3) the term ‘narcotic drug’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 102 of the Controlled 
Substances Act; and 
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‘‘(4) the term ‘prison’ means a Federal correc-
tional, detention, or penal facility or any prison, in-
stitution, or facility in which persons are held in cus-
tody by direction of or pursuant to a contract or 
agreement with the Attorney General. 
‘‘§ 1162. Mutiny and riot prohibited 
‘‘Whoever instigates any mutiny or riot, at any Fed-
eral penal, detention, or correctional facility, shall be im-
prisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘§ 1163. Trespass on Bureau of Prisons reservations 
and land 
‘‘Whoever, without lawful authority or permission, 
goes upon a reservation, land, or a facility of the Bureau 
of Prisons shall be imprisoned not more than six months. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER K—PUBLIC OFFICERS AND 
EMPLOYEES 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1171. Disclosure of confidential information generally. 
‘‘§ 1171. Disclosure of confidential information gen-
erally 
‘‘Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United 
States or of any department or agency thereof, any person 
acting on behalf of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, 
or agent of the Department of Justice as defined in the 
Antitrust Civil Process Act, or being an employee of a pri-
vate sector organization who is or was assigned to an 
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agency under chapter 37 of title 5, publishes, divulges, dis-
closes, or makes known in any manner or to any extent 
not authorized by law any information coming to him in 
the course of his employment or official duties or by rea-
son of any examination or investigation made by, or re-
turn, report or record made to or filed with, such depart-
ment or agency or officer or employee thereof, which infor-
mation concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, 
operations, style of work, or apparatus, or to the identity, 
confidential statistical data, amount or source of any in-
come, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, firm, 
partnership, corporation, or association; or permits any in-
come return or copy thereof or any book containing any 
abstract or particulars thereof to be seen or examined by 
any person except as provided by law; shall be imprisoned 
not more than one year; and shall be removed from office 
or employment. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER L—RECORDS AND REPORTS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1181. Concealment, removal, or mutilation generally. 
‘‘1182. False entries and reports of moneys or securities. 
‘‘§ 1181. Concealment, removal, or mutilation gen-
erally 
‘‘Whoever knowingly and unlawfully conceals, re-
moves, mutilates, obliterates, or destroys, or attempts to 
do so, or, with intent to do so takes and carries away any 
record, proceeding, map, book, paper, document, or other 
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thing, filed or deposited with any clerk or officer of any 
court of the United States, or in any public office, or with 
any judicial or public officer of the United States, shall 
be imprisoned not more than three years. 
‘‘§ 1182. False entries and reports of moneys or secu-
rities 
‘‘Whoever— 
‘‘(1) being an officer, clerk, agent, or other em-
ployee of the United States or any of its agencies, 
charged with the duty of keeping accounts or records 
of any kind, with intent to deceive, mislead, injure, 
or defraud, makes in any such account or record any 
false or fictitious entry or record of any matter re-
lating to or connected with his duties; or 
‘‘(2) being an officer, clerk, agent, or other em-
ployee of the United States or any of its agencies, 
charged with the duty of receiving, holding, or pay-
ing over moneys or securities to, for, or on behalf of 
the United States, or of receiving or holding in trust 
for any person any moneys or securities, with like 
intent, makes a false report of such moneys or secu-
rities; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER M—SEARCHES AND SEIZURES 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1191. Destruction or removal of property to prevent seizure. 
‘‘1192. Rescue of seized property. 
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‘‘§ 1191. Destruction or removal of property to pre-
vent seizure 
‘‘(a) DESTRUCTION OR REMOVAL OF PROPERTY TO 
PREVENT SEIZURE.—Whoever, before, during, or after 
any search for or seizure of property by any person au-
thorized to make such search or seizure, knowingly de-
stroys, damages, wastes, disposes of, transfers, or other-
wise takes any action, or knowingly attempts to destroy, 
damage, waste, dispose of, transfer, or otherwise take any 
action, for the purpose of preventing or impairing the Gov-
ernment’s lawful authority to take such property into its 
custody or control or to continue holding such property 
under its lawful custody and control, shall be imprisoned 
not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(b) IMPAIRMENT OF IN REM JURISDICTION.—Who-
ever, knowing that property is subject to the in rem juris-
diction of a United States court for purposes of civil for-
feiture under Federal law, knowingly and without author-
ity from that court, destroys, damages, wastes, disposes 
of, transfers, or otherwise takes any action, or knowingly 
attempts to destroy, damage, waste, dispose of, transfer, 
or otherwise take any action, for the purpose of impairing 
or defeating the court’s continuing in rem jurisdiction over 
the property, shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(c) NOTICE OF SEARCH OR EXECUTION OF SEIZURE 
WARRANT OR WARRANT OF ARREST IN REM.—Whoever, 
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having knowledge that any person authorized to make 
searches and seizures, or to execute a seizure warrant or 
warrant of arrest in rem, in order to prevent the author-
ized seizing or securing of any person or property, gives 
notice or attempts to give notice in advance of the search, 
seizure, or execution of a seizure warrant or warrant of 
arrest in rem, to any person shall be imprisoned not more 
than 5 years. 
‘‘(d) NOTICE OF CERTAIN ELECTRONIC SURVEIL-
LANCE.—Whoever, having knowledge that a Federal inves-
tigative or law enforcement officer has been authorized or 
has applied for authorization under subchapter C of chap-
ter 37 to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communica-
tion, in order to obstruct, impede, or prevent such inter-
ception, gives notice or attempts to give notice of the pos-
sible interception to any person shall be imprisoned not 
more than 5 years. 
‘‘(e) FOREIGN
INTELLIGENCE
SURVEILLANCE.— 
Whoever, having knowledge that a Federal officer has 
been authorized or has applied for authorization to con-
duct electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence 
Surveillance Act of 1978, in order to obstruct, impede, or 
prevent such activity, gives notice or attempts to give no-
tice of the possible activity to any person shall be impris-
oned not more than 5 years. 
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‘‘§ 1192. Rescue of seized property 
‘‘Whoever forcibly rescues, dispossesses, or attempts 
to rescue or dispossess any property, articles, or objects 
after the same shall have been taken, detained, or seized 
by any officer or other person under the authority of any 
revenue law of the United States, or by any person author-
ized to make searches and seizures, shall be imprisoned 
not more than two years. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER N—MALICIOUS MISCHIEF 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1201. Government property or contracts. 
‘‘1202. Communication lines, stations, or systems. 
‘‘1203. Buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdic-
tion. 
‘‘1204. Tampering with consumer products. 
‘‘1205. Destruction of an energy facility. 
‘‘1206. Harming animals used in law enforcement. 
‘‘1207. Destruction of veterans’ memorials. 
‘‘§ 1201. Government property or contracts 
‘‘Whoever knowingly and without authority injures or 
commits any depredation against any property of the 
United States, or of any department or agency thereof, 
or any property which has been or is being manufactured 
or constructed for the United States, or any department 
or agency thereof, or attempts to commit any of the fore-
going offenses, shall be punished as follows: 
‘‘(1) If the damage or attempted damage to 
such property exceeds the sum of $1,000, by impris-
onment for not more than ten years. 
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‘‘(2) If the damage or attempted damage to 
such property does not exceed the sum of $1,000, by 
imprisonment for not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 1202. Communication lines, stations, or systems 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever knowingly and without au-
thority— 
‘‘(1) injures or destroys any of the works, prop-
erty, or material of any radio, telegraph, telephone 
or cable, line, station, or system, or other means of 
communication, operated or controlled by the United 
States, or used or intended to be used for military 
or civil defense functions of the United States, 
whether constructed or in process of construction; 
‘‘(2) interferes in any way with the working or 
use of any such line or system; or 
‘‘(3) obstructs, hinders, or delays the trans-
mission of any communication over any such line or 
system; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘(b) EXCLUSION.—In the case of any works, prop-
erty, or material, not operated or controlled by the United 
States, this section does not apply to any lawful strike ac-
tivity, or other lawful concerted activities for the purposes 
of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection 
which do not injure or destroy any line or system used 
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or intended to be used for the military or civil defense 
functions of the United States. 
‘‘§ 1203. Buildings or property within special mari-
time and territorial jurisdiction 
‘‘Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial 
jurisdiction of the United States, knowingly and without 
authority destroys or injures any structure, conveyance, 
or other real or personal property shall be imprisoned not 
more than five years, and if the building be a dwelling, 
or the life of any person be placed in jeopardy, shall be 
imprisoned not more than twenty years. 
‘‘§ 1204. Tampering with consumer products 
‘‘(a) TAMPERING IN GENERAL.—Whoever, with reck-
less disregard for the risk that another person will be 
placed in danger of death or bodily injury and under cir-
cumstances manifesting extreme indifference to such risk, 
tampers with any consumer product that affects interstate 
or foreign commerce, or the labeling of, or container for, 
any such product, or attempts to do so, shall— 
‘‘(1) in the case of an attempt, be imprisoned 
not more than ten years; 
‘‘(2) if death of an individual results, be impris-
oned for any term of years or for life; 
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‘‘(3) if serious bodily injury to any individual 
results, be imprisoned not more than twenty years; 
and 
‘‘(4) in any other case, be imprisoned not more 
than ten years. 
‘‘(b) TAINTING WITH INTENT TO CAUSE SERIOUS 
INJURY THROUGH BUSINESS.—Whoever, with intent to 
cause serious injury to the business of any person, taints 
any consumer product or renders materially false or mis-
leading the labeling of, or container for, a consumer prod-
uct, if such consumer product affects interstate or foreign 
commerce, shall be imprisoned not more than three years. 
‘‘(c) FALSE INFORMATION.—(1) Whoever knowingly 
communicates false information that a consumer product 
has been tainted, if such product or the results of such 
communication affect interstate or foreign commerce, and 
if such tainting, had it occurred, would create a risk of 
death or bodily injury to another person, shall be impris-
oned not more than five years. 
‘‘(2) As used in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the 
term ‘communicates false information’ means commu-
nicates information that is false and that the communi-
cator knows is false, under circumstances in which the in-
formation may reasonably be expected to be believed. 
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‘‘(d) 
THREATS.—Whoever 
knowingly 
threatens, 
under circumstances in which the threat may reasonably 
be expected to be believed, that conduct that, if it oc-
curred, would violate subsection (a) of this section will 
occur, shall be imprisoned not more than five years. 
‘‘(e) CONSPIRACY.—Whoever is a party to a con-
spiracy of two or more persons to commit an offense under 
subsection (a) of this section, if any of the parties inten-
tionally engages in any conduct in furtherance of such of-
fense, shall be imprisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘(f) TAMPERING WITH WRITING.—(1) Whoever, 
without the consent of the manufacturer, retailer, or dis-
tributor, intentionally tampers with a consumer product 
that is sold in interstate or foreign commerce by knowingly 
placing or inserting any writing in the consumer product, 
or in the container for the consumer product, before the 
sale of the consumer product to any consumer shall be 
imprisoned not more than 1 year. 
‘‘(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if any person 
commits a violation of this subsection after a prior convic-
tion under this section becomes final, such person shall 
be imprisoned for not more than 3 years. 
‘‘(3) In this subsection, the term ‘writing’ means any 
form of representation or communication, including hand- 
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bills, notices, or advertising, that contain letters, words, 
or pictorial representations. 
‘‘(g) AUTHORITY OF FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRA-
TION AND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—In addition 
to any other agency which has authority to investigate vio-
lations of this section, the Food and Drug Administration 
and the Department of Agriculture, respectively, have au-
thority to investigate violations of this section involving 
a consumer product that is regulated by a provision of 
law such Administration or Department, as the case may 
be, administers. 
‘‘(h) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘consumer product’ means— 
‘‘(A) any ‘food’, ‘drug’, ‘device’, or ‘cos-
metic’, as those terms are respectively defined 
in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act; or 
‘‘(B) any article, product, or commodity 
which is customarily produced or distributed for 
consumption by individuals, or use by individ-
uals for purposes of personal care or in the per-
formance of services ordinarily rendered within 
the household, and which is designed to be con-
sumed or expended in the course of such con-
sumption or use; and 
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‘‘(2) the term ‘labeling’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 201(m) of the Federal Food, 
Drug, and Cosmetic Act. 
‘‘§ 1205. Destruction of an energy facility 
‘‘(a) DAMAGE
EXCEEDING
$100,000.—Whoever 
knowingly and without authority— 
‘‘(1) damages the property of an energy facility 
in an amount that exceeds $100,000; or 
‘‘(2) damages the property of an energy facility 
in any amount and thereby causes a significant 
interruption or impairment of a function of an en-
ergy facility; 
shall be imprisoned for not more than 20 years. 
‘‘(b) DAMAGE EXCEEDING $5,000.—Whoever know-
ingly and without authority damages the property of an 
energy facility in an amount that exceeds $5,000 shall be 
imprisoned for not more than five years. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term 
‘energy facility’ means a facility that is involved in the 
production, storage, transmission, or distribution of elec-
tricity, fuel, or another form or source of energy, or re-
search, development, or demonstration facilities relating 
thereto, regardless of whether such facility is still under 
construction or is otherwise not functioning, except a facil-
ity subject to the jurisdiction, administration, or in the 
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custody of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an 
interstate gas pipeline facility as defined in section 60101 
of title 49. 
‘‘(d) INCREASED PUNISHMENT WHERE DEATH RE-
SULTS.—Whoever is convicted of a violation of subsection 
(a) or (b) that has resulted in the death of any person 
shall be subject to imprisonment for any term of years 
or life. 
‘‘§ 1206. Harming animals used in law enforcement 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever maliciously harms any po-
lice animal shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year. If 
the offense permanently disables or disfigures the animal, 
or causes serious bodily injury to or the death of the ani-
mal, the maximum term of imprisonment shall be 10 
years. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘police 
animal’ means a dog or horse employed by a Federal agen-
cy (whether in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch) 
for the principal purpose of aiding in the detection of 
criminal activity, enforcement of laws, or apprehension of 
criminal offenders. 
‘‘§ 1207. Destruction of veterans’ memorials 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, as made applicable by 
subsection (b), knowingly and without authority injures or 
destroys any structure, plaque, statue, or other monument 
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on public property commemorating the service of any per-
son or persons in the armed forces of the United States 
shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘(b) FEDERAL NEXUS.—Subsection (a) applies if— 
‘‘(1) in committing the offense, the defendant 
travels or causes another to travel in interstate or 
foreign commerce, or uses the mail or an instrumen-
tality of interstate or foreign commerce; or 
‘‘(2) the structure, plaque, statue, or other 
monument is located on property owned by, or under 
the jurisdiction of, the Federal Government. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER O—PUBLIC LANDS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘1211. Timber removed or transported. 
‘‘1212. Trees cut or injured. 
‘‘1213. Timber set afire. 
‘‘1214. Fires left unattended and unextinguished. 
‘‘1215. Trespass on national forest lands. 
‘‘1216. Hazardous or injurious devices on Federal lands. 
‘‘§ 1211. Timber removed or transported 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever knowingly and without au-
thority— 
‘‘(1) cuts or destroys any timber growing on the 
public lands of the United States; 
‘‘(2) removes any timber from those public 
lands, with intent to export or to dispose of that 
timber; or 
‘‘(3) being the owner, master, pilot, operator, or 
consignee of any vessel, motor vehicle, or aircraft or 
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‘‘(d) Whoever violates this section shall be imprisoned 
not more than 20 years. If death results from a violation 
of this section, or if the violation includes kidnaping, an 
attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt 
to kill, the defendant shall be imprisoned for any term of 
years or for life. 
‘‘§ 1264. Trafficking with respect to peonage, slavery, 
involuntary servitude, or forced labor 
‘‘Whoever knowingly recruits, harbors, transports, 
provides, or obtains by any means, any person for labor 
or services in violation of this subchapter shall be impris-
oned not more than 20 years. If death results from the 
violation of this section, or if the violation includes kidnap-
ping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse, 
or the attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an 
attempt to kill, the defendant shall be imprisoned for any 
term of years or life. 
‘‘§ 1265. Sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, 
or coercion 
‘‘(a) ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE.—Whoever know-
ingly— 
‘‘(1) in or affecting interstate or foreign com-
merce, or within the special maritime and territorial 
jurisdiction of the United States, recruits, entices, 
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‘‘(6) performs an act of violence against or in-
capacitates any individual on any such aircraft, if 
such act of violence or incapacitation is likely to en-
danger the safety of such aircraft; or 
‘‘(7) communicates information, knowing the 
information to be false and under circumstances in 
which such information may reasonably be believed, 
thereby endangering the safety of any such aircraft 
in flight, 
shall be imprisoned not more than 20 years. 
‘‘(b) OTHER
CIVIL
AIRCRAFT.—Whoever know-
ingly— 
‘‘(1) performs an act of violence against any in-
dividual on board any civil aircraft registered in a 
country other than the United States while such air-
craft is in flight, if such act is likely to endanger the 
safety of that aircraft; 
‘‘(2) destroys a civil aircraft registered in a 
country other than the United States while such air-
craft is in service or causes damage to such an air-
craft which renders that aircraft incapable of flight 
or which is likely to endanger that aircraft’s safety 
in flight; or 
‘‘(3) places or causes to be placed on a civil air-
craft registered in a country other than the United 
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