I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4120 
To amend the Fair Credit Reporting Act to provide comprehensive reforms 
to the consumer credit reporting laws, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 24, 2021 
Ms. PRESSLEY introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Financial Services 
A BILL 
To amend the Fair Credit Reporting Act to provide com-
prehensive reforms to the consumer credit reporting laws, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Comprehensive Credit 
Reporting Enhancement, Disclosure, Innovation, and 
Transparency Act of 2021’’ or the ‘‘Comprehensive 
CREDIT Act of 2021’’. 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title. 
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Sec. 2. Table of contents. 
Sec. 3. Findings. 
Sec. 4. Effective date. 
Sec. 5. Discretionary surplus fund. 
TITLE I—IMPROVEMENTS TO THE DISPUTE PROCESS 
Sec. 101. Dispute procedures and disclosures relating to reinvestigations. 
Sec. 102. Consumer awareness of dispute rights. 
Sec. 103. Maintenance of records by furnishers. 
Sec. 104. Duties of furnishers relating to dispute procedures, notices, and dis-
closures. 
Sec. 105. Right to appeal disputes relating to reinvestigations and investiga-
tions. 
Sec. 106. Revised consumer reports. 
Sec. 107. Indication of dispute by consumers and use of disputed information. 
Sec. 108. Accuracy and completeness report duties for consumer reporting 
agencies and furnishers. 
Sec. 109. Inclusion of public record data sources in consumer reports. 
Sec. 110. Injunctive relief for victims. 
TITLE II—FREE CREDIT SCORES FOR CONSUMERS 
Sec. 201. Definitions. 
Sec. 202. Consumer information on calculation of scores. 
Sec. 203. Disclosures relating to credit scores and educational credit scores. 
Sec. 204. Free credit score disclosures and consumer reports. 
Sec. 205. Provision of consumer reports and credit scores by private edu-
cational lenders. 
Sec. 206. Provision of consumer reports and credit scores by motor vehicle 
lenders or indirect auto lenders. 
Sec. 207. Provision of consumer reports and credit scores by residential mort-
gage lenders. 
TITLE III—STUDENT BORROWER CREDIT IMPROVEMENT ACT 
Sec. 301. Removal of adverse information for certain private education loan 
borrowers. 
Sec. 302. Private education loan definitions. 
TITLE IV—CREDIT RESTORATION FOR VICTIMS OF PREDATORY 
ACTIVITIES AND UNFAIR CONSUMER REPORTING PRACTICES 
Sec. 401. Adverse credit information. 
Sec. 402. Expedited removal of fully paid or settled debt from consumer re-
ports. 
Sec. 403. Medical debt collections. 
Sec. 404. Credit restoration for victims of predatory mortgage lending and serv-
icing. 
Sec. 405. Credit restoration for certain private education loans borrowers. 
Sec. 406. Financial abuse prevention. 
Sec. 407. Prohibition of certain factors related to Federal credit restoration or 
rehabilitation. 
TITLE V—CLARITY IN CREDIT SCORE FORMATION 
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Sec. 501. Consumer Bureau study and report to Congress on the impact of 
non-traditional data. 
Sec. 502. Consumer Bureau oversight of credit scoring models. 
Sec. 503. Review of changes to credit scoring models. 
TITLE VI—RESTRICTIONS ON CREDIT CHECKS FOR 
EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS 
Sec. 601. Prohibition on the use of credit information for most employment de-
cisions. 
TITLE VII—PROHIBITION ON MISLEADING AND UNFAIR 
CONSUMER REPORTING PRACTICES 
Sec. 701. Prohibition on automatic renewals for promotional consumer report-
ing and credit scoring products and services. 
Sec. 702. Prohibition on misleading and deceptive marketing related to the pro-
vision of consumer reporting and credit scoring products and 
services. 
Sec. 703. Prohibition on excessive direct-to-consumer sales. 
Sec. 704. Fair access to consumer reporting and credit scoring disclosures for 
nonnative English speakers and the visually and hearing im-
paired. 
Sec. 705. Comparison shopping for loans without harm to credit standing. 
Sec. 706. Nationwide consumer reporting agencies registry. 
Sec. 707. Protection for certain consumers affected by a shutdown. 
TITLE VIII—PROTECTIONS AGAINST IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, 
OR A RELATED CRIME 
Sec. 801. Identity theft report definition. 
Sec. 802. Amendment to protection for files and credit records of protected 
consumers. 
Sec. 803. Enhancement to fraud alert protections. 
Sec. 804. Amendment to security freezes for consumer reports. 
Sec. 805. Clarification of information to be included with agency disclosures. 
Sec. 806. Provides access to fraud records for victims. 
Sec. 807. Required Bureau to set procedures for reporting identity theft, fraud, 
and other related crime. 
Sec. 808. Establishes the right to free credit monitoring and identity theft pro-
tection services for certain consumers. 
Sec. 809. Ensures removal of inquiries resulting from identity theft, fraud, or 
other related crime from consumer reports. 
TITLE IX—MISCELLANEOUS 
Sec. 901. Definitions. 
Sec. 902. Technical correction related to risk-based pricing notices. 
Sec. 903. FCRA findings and purpose; voids certain contracts not in the public 
interest. 
Sec. 904. GAO study on the use of credit in housing determinations. 
Sec. 905. GAO study on the effects of credit scores impacted by a student bor-
rower’s defaulted or delinquent private education loan. 
Sec. 906. GAO study on consumer reporting agency compliance with consent 
orders. 
Sec. 907. Protections for active duty uniformed consumer. 
Sec. 908. Positive credit reporting permitted. 
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Sec. 909. Sense of Congress. 
Sec. 910. Cybersecurity supervision and examination of large consumer report-
ing agencies. 
SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) GENERAL FINDINGS ON CREDIT REPORT-
ING.— 
(A) 
Consumer 
reporting 
agencies 
(‘‘CRAs’’) are companies that collect, compile, 
and provide information about consumers in the 
form of consumer reports for certain permis-
sible statutory purposes under the Fair Credit 
Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) 
(‘‘FCRA’’). The three largest CRAs in this 
country 
are 
Equifax, 
TransUnion, 
and 
Experian. These CRAs are referred to as na-
tionwide CRAs and the reports that they pre-
pare are commonly referred to as credit reports. 
Furnishers, such as creditors, lenders, and debt 
collection agencies, voluntarily submit informa-
tion to CRAs about their accounts such as the 
total amount for each loan or credit limit for 
each credit card and the consumer’s payment 
history on these products. Reports also include 
identifying information about a consumer, such 
as their birthdate, previous mailing addresses, 
and current and previous employers. 
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(B) In a December 2012 paper, ‘‘Key Di-
mensions and Processes in the U.S. Credit Re-
porting System: A review for how the nation’s 
largest credit bureaus manage consumer data’’, 
the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection 
(‘‘Consumer Bureau’’) noted that the three na-
tionwide CRAs maintain credit files on approxi-
mately 200 million adults and receive informa-
tion from about 10,000 furnishers. On a 
monthly basis, these furnishers provide infor-
mation on over 1.3 billion consumer credit ac-
counts or other trade lines. 
(C) The 10 largest institutions furnishing 
credit information to each of the nationwide 
CRAs account for more than half of all ac-
counts reflected in consumers’ credit files. 
(D) Consumer reports play an increasingly 
important role in the lives of American con-
sumers. Most creditors, for example, review 
these reports to make decisions about whether 
to extend credit to consumers and what terms 
and conditions to offer them. As such, informa-
tion contained in these reports affects whether 
a person is able to get a private education loan 
to pay for college costs, to secure a mortgage 
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loan to buy a home, or to obtain a credit card, 
as well as the terms and conditions under which 
consumer credit products or services are offered 
to them. 
(E) Credit reports are also increasingly 
used for many noncredit decisions, including by 
landlords to determine whether to rent an 
apartment to a prospective tenant and by em-
ployers to decide whether to hire potential job 
applicants or to offer a promotion to existing 
employees. 
(F) CRAs have a statutory obligation to 
verify independently the accuracy and complete-
ness of information included on the reports that 
they provide. 
(G) The nationwide CRAs have failed to 
establish and follow reasonable procedures, as 
required by existing law, to establish the max-
imum level of accuracy of information contained 
on consumer reports. Given the repeated fail-
ures of these CRAs to comply with accuracy re-
quirements on their own, legislation is intended 
to provide them with detailed guidance improv-
ing the accuracy and completeness of informa-
tion contained in consumer reports, including 
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procedures, policies, and practices that these 
CRAs should already be following to ensure full 
compliance with their existing obligations. 
(H) The presence of inaccurate or incom-
plete information on these reports can result in 
substantial financial and emotional harm to 
consumers. Credit reporting errors can lead to 
the loss of a new employment opportunity or a 
denial of a promotion in an existing job, stop 
someone from being able to access credit on fa-
vorable terms, prevent a person from obtaining 
rental housing, or even trigger mental distress. 
(I) Current industry practices impose an 
unfair burden of proof on consumers trying to 
fix errors on their reports. 
(J) Consumer reports containing inac-
curate or incomplete credit information also un-
dermine the ability of creditors and lenders to 
effectively and accurately underwrite and price 
credit. 
(K) Recognizing that credit reporting af-
fects the lives of almost all consumers in this 
country and that the consequences of errors on 
a consumer report can be catastrophic for a 
consumer, the Consumer Bureau began accept-
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ing consumer complaints about credit reporting 
in October 2012. 
(L) As of early December 2019, the Con-
sumer Bureau has handled approximately 
391,560 credit reporting complaints about the 
top three CRAs, making credit reporting con-
sistently in the top third most-complained-about 
subject matter on which the Consumer Bureau 
accepts consumer complaints. Incorrect infor-
mation in reports and frustrations about bur-
densome and time-consuming process to dis-
puting items is are consistently top reported 
concerns from consumers. 
(M) Other common types of credit report-
ing complaints submitted to the Consumer Bu-
reau related to the improper use of a report, 
trouble obtaining a report or credit score, 
CRAs’ investigations, and credit monitoring or 
identity protection. 
(N) In the fall 2019 ‘‘Supervisory High-
lights’’, the Consumer Bureau noted that one or 
more of the largest CRAs continue to struggle 
to adequately oversee furnishers to ensure that 
they were adhering to the CRA’s vetting poli-
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cies and to establish proper procedures to verify 
public record information. 
(O) According to the fall 2016 ‘‘Super-
visory Highlights’’, Consumer Bureau exam-
iners determined that one or more debt collec-
tors never investigated indirect disputes that 
lacked detail or were not accompanied by at-
tachments with relevant information from the 
consumer. Examiners also found that notifica-
tions sent to consumers about disputes consid-
ered frivolous failed to identify for the con-
sumers the type of material that they could pro-
vide in order for the debt collector to complete 
the investigation of the disputed item. 
(P) A February 2014 Consumer Bureau 
report titled ‘‘Credit Reporting Complaint 
Snapshot’’ found that consumers are confused 
about the extent to which the nationwide CRAs 
are required to provide them with validation 
and documentation of a debt that appears on 
their credit report. 
(Q) As evidence that the current system 
lacks sufficient market incentives for CRAs to 
develop more robust procedures to increase the 
accuracy and completeness of information on 
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credit reports, litigation discovery documented 
by 
the 
National 
Consumer 
Law 
Center 
(‘‘NCLC’’), as part of a February 2019 report 
titled ‘‘Automated Injustice Redux: Ten Years 
after a Key Report, Consumers Are Still Frus-
trated Trying to Fix Credit Reporting Errors’’, 
showed that at least two of the three largest 
CRAs use quota systems to force employees to 
process disputes hastily and without the oppor-
tunity for conducting meaningful investigations. 
At least one nationwide CRA only allowed dis-
pute resolution staff 5 minutes to handle a con-
sumer’s call. Furthermore, these CRAs were 
found to have awarded bonuses for meeting 
quotas and punished those who didn’t meet pro-
duction numbers with probation. 
(R) Unlike most other business relation-
ships, where consumers can register their satis-
faction or unhappiness with a particular credit 
product or service simply by taking their busi-
ness elsewhere, consumers have no say in 
whether their information is included in the 
CRAs databases and limited legal remedies to 
hold the CRAs accountable for inaccuracies or 
poor service. 
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(S) Accordingly, despite the existing statu-
tory mandate for CRAs to follow reasonable 
procedures to assure the maximum possible ac-
curacy of the information whenever they pre-
pare consumer reports, numerous studies, the 
high volume of consumer complaints submitted 
to the Consumer Bureau about incorrect infor-
mation on consumer reports, and supervisory 
activities by the Consumer Bureau demonstrate 
that CRAs continue to skirt their obligations 
under the law. 
(2) INCORRECT
INFORMATION
ON
CONSUMER 
REPORTS.— 
(A) Consumers are entitled to dispute er-
rors on their consumer reports with either the 
CRA, who issued the report, or directly with 
furnishers, who supplied the account informa-
tion to the CRA, and request that mistakes be 
deleted or removed. Consumers, who believe an 
investigation has not correctly resolved their 
dispute, however, have few options, other than 
requesting that a statement about the dispute 
be included with their future reports. 
(B) CRAs have a statutory obligation 
under the FCRA to perform a reasonable inves-
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tigation by conducting a substantive and 
searching inquiry when a consumer disputes an 
item on their report. In doing so, CRAs must 
conduct an independent review about the accu-
racy of any disputed item and cannot merely 
rely 
on 
a 
furnisher’s 
‘‘rubber-stamp’’ 
verification of the integrity of the information 
they have provided to CRAs. 
(C) In ‘‘Report to Congress Under Section 
319 of the Fair and Accurate Credit Trans-
actions Act of 2003’’ released by the Federal 
Government in December 2012, found that 26 
percent of survey participants identified at least 
one potentially material error on their consumer 
reports, and 13 percent experienced a change in 
their credit score once the error was fixed. 
(D) Consumer Bureau examiners have 
identified repeated deficiencies with the nation-
wide CRAs’ information collection. In the fall 
2019 ‘‘Supervisory Highlights’’, the Consumer 
Bureau noted continued weaknesses with CRAs’ 
methods and processes for assuring maximum 
possible accuracy in their reports. Examiners 
also found, with certain exceptions, no quality 
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control policies and procedures in place to test 
consumer reports for accuracy. 
(E) In its ‘‘Credit Reporting Complaint 
Snapshot’’ released in February 2014, the Con-
sumer Bureau found that consumers were un-
certain about the depth and validity of the in-
vestigations performed about a disputed item. 
Consumers also expressed frustration that, even 
though they provided supporting materials that 
they believed demonstrated the inaccuracy of 
the information provided by furnishers, errors 
continued to remain on their reports. 
(F) In the winter 2015 ‘‘Supervisory High-
lights’’ released in March 2015, the Consumer 
Bureau reported that one or more nationwide 
CRAs failed to adequately fulfill their dispute- 
handling obligations, including by not for-
warding to furnishers all relevant information 
found in letters and supporting documents sup-
plied by consumers when they submitted dis-
putes failing to notify consumers that they had 
completed investigations, and not providing con-
sumers with the results of the CRAs’ reviews 
about their disputes. 
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(G) Consumer Bureau examiners also 
noted in the fall 2016 ‘‘Supervisory Highlights’’ 
released in October 2016 that one or more enti-
ties failed to provide adequate guidance and 
training to staff about how to differentiate 
FCRA disputes from general customer inquir-
ies, complaints, or debt validation requests. 
Consumer Bureau supervisors also directed one 
or more entities to develop and implement rea-
sonable procedures to ensure that direct and in-
direct disputes are appropriately logged, cat-
egorized, and resolved. 
(H) Consumers’ increasing frustration 
about the difficulties of trying to fix credit re-
porting errors, evidenced through the volume of 
consumer complaints related to errors sub-
mitted to the Consumer Bureau, are also 
echoed in another Federal Government study 
issued in January 2015. In the ‘‘Report to Con-
gress under Section 319 for the Fair and Accu-
rate Credit Transactions Act of 2003’’, the 
study found that nearly 70 percent (84 people) 
of participants from a previous survey that had 
filed disputes with CRAs continued to believe 
that at least some of the disputed information 
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remained inaccurate at the time of the follow- 
up survey. Despite these views, 50 percent (42 
people) of the survey participants decided to 
just give up trying to fix the errors, with only 
45 percent (38 people) of them planning to con-
tinue to try to resolve their disputes. 
(I) The consistently high volume of con-
sumer complaints submitted to the Consumer 
Bureau about credit reporting errors, coupled 
with the largest CRAs’ repeated quality control 
weaknesses found by Consumer Bureau exam-
iners, show that the nationwide CRAs have 
failed to establish and follow reasonable proce-
dures to assure maximum accuracy of informa-
tion and to conduct independent investigations 
of consumers’ disputes. These ongoing problems 
demonstrate the need for legislation to— 
(i) enhance obligations on furnishers 
to substantiate information and require 
furnishers to keep records for the same 
amount of time that adverse information 
about these accounts may appear on a per-
son’s consumer report; 
(ii) eliminate CRAs’ discretion to de-
termine the relevancy of materials provided 
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by consumers to support their dispute 
claims by instead requiring them to pass 
all material onto furnishers and elimi-
nating CRA’s discretion to deem some dis-
putes frivolous or irrelevant when a con-
sumer resubmits a claim that they believe 
has been inadequately resolved; 
(iii) enhance educational content on 
CRAs’ websites to improve consumers’ un-
derstanding of the dispute process and to 
make it easier for all consumers to initiate 
claims, including by providing these disclo-
sures in other languages besides English; 
and 
(iv) create a new consumer right to 
appeal reviews by CRAs and furnishers of 
the initial disputes. 
(3) INJUNCTIVE RELIEF.— 
(A) Despite the fact that the FCRA cur-
rently provides implicit authority for injunctive 
relief, consumers have been prevented from ex-
ercising this right against CRAs. Legislation 
explicitly clarifying this right is intended to un-
derscore congressional intent that injunctive re-
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lief should be viewed as a remedy available to 
consumers. 
(B) Myriad findings by the courts, regu-
lators, consumers, and consumer advocates 
make clear that CRAs have failed to establish 
adequate standards for the accuracy and com-
pleteness of consumer reports, yet the nation-
wide CRAs have demonstrated little willingness 
to voluntarily retool their policies and proce-
dures to fix the problems. 
(C) Providing courts with explicit authority 
to issue injunctive relief, by telling the CRAs to 
remedy unlawful practices and procedures, 
would further CRAs’ mandate under the FCRA 
to assure the maximum possible accuracy and 
completeness of information contained on credit 
reports. 
(D) Absent explicit authority to issue in-
junctions, history suggests that the nationwide 
CRAs are likely to continue conducting business 
as usual in treating any monetary settlements 
with individual consumers and fines imposed by 
State attorneys general and Federal regulators, 
simply as the ‘‘cost of doing business’’. 
(4) CREDIT SCORES.— 
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(A) While nationwide CRAs are required 
by law to supply consumers with a free copy of 
their credit report annually, they can charge 
consumers to obtain a credit score disclosure. 
(B) Many consumers do not realize that 
they have more than just ‘‘one’’ credit score. 
Because the submission of credit information to 
CRAs is voluntary and not all furnishers submit 
information to every CRA, the information con-
tained in a report also varies among CRAs. As 
a result, the credit score generated by each 
CRA is also likely to vary, resulting in poten-
tially different credit decisions based on an 
evaluation of different credit reports obtained 
from different CRAs. 
(C) A February 2015 Consumer Bureau 
report titled ‘‘Consumer Voices on Credit Re-
ports and Scores’’ found that consumers had 
questions about what actions to take to improve 
their scores once they had seen them, sug-
gesting that additional disclosures and edu-
cational content would be helpful to consumers. 
The Consumer Bureau found that consumers 
were confused by conflicting advice on how to 
improve their scores. 
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(D) That report also noted that consumers 
found the process for obtaining consumer re-
ports and credit scores confusing. Consumers 
also were uncertain about whether, and under 
what circumstances, they could obtain a con-
sumer report for free. 
(5) PRIVATE EDUCATION LOANS.— 
(A) The Consumer Bureau’s October 2014 
report titled ‘‘Annual Report of the CFPB Stu-
dent Loan Ombudsman’’ noted many private 
education loan borrowers, who sought to nego-
tiate a modified repayment plan when they were 
experiencing a period of financial distress, were 
unable to get assistance from their loan holders, 
which often resulting in them defaulting on 
their loans. This pattern resembles the dif-
ficulty that a significant number of mortgage 
loan borrowers experienced when they sought to 
take responsible steps to work with their mort-
gage loan servicer to avoid foreclosure during 
the Great Recession. 
(B) Although private student loan holders 
may allow a borrower to postpone payments 
while enrolled in school full-time, many limit 
this option to a certain time period, usually 48 
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to 66 months. This limited time period may not 
be sufficient for those who need additional time 
to obtain their degree or who want to continue 
their education by pursing a graduate or profes-
sional degree. The Consumer Bureau found 
that borrowers who were unable to make pay-
ments often defaulted or had their accounts 
sent to collections before they were even able to 
graduate. 
(6) DECEPTIVE PRACTICES AT CERTAIN PRO-
PRIETARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND CAREER 
EDUCATION PROGRAMS.— 
(A) NCLC cited the proliferation of law 
enforcement actions against many for-profit 
schools in its June 2014 report, titled ‘‘Ensur-
ing Educational Integrity: 10 Steps to Improve 
State Oversight of For-profit Schools’’, to dem-
onstrate the pervasive problem in this sector of 
targeting low-income students with deceptive 
high-pressure sales techniques involving inflated 
job placement rates and misleading data on 
graduate wages, and false representations about 
the transferability of credits and the employ-
ability of graduates in occupations that require 
licensure. Student loan borrowers at these 
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schools may be left with nothing but worthless 
credentials and large debt. Those who default 
on their student loans face years with damaged 
credit that will adversely impact their ability to 
rent or buy homes, purchase cars, and find em-
ployment. 
(B) The closure and bankruptcy of Corin-
thian Colleges, which was found to have de-
ceived students by steering them into high-in-
terest student loans based on misleading grad-
uation rates and employment data, is a good 
example of the problem. Even after its closure, 
many Corinthian students remained saddled 
with student loan debt, worthless degrees, and 
few prospects for employment. 
(C) Attending a 2-year, for-profit college 
costs, on average, four times as much as at-
tending a community college. Students at for- 
profit colleges represent only about 11 percent 
of the total higher education population but a 
startling 44 percent of all Federal student loan 
defaults, according to the United States De-
partment of Education (‘‘DOE’’). 
(D) According to NCLC, a dispropor-
tionate number of for-profit students are low-in-
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come and people of color. These schools target 
veterans, working parents, first-generation stu-
dents, and non-English speaking students, who 
may be more likely than their public or private 
nonprofit school counterparts to drop out, incur 
enormous student debt, and default on this 
debt. In the 2011–2012 school year, 28 percent 
of African Americans and 15 percent of Latinos 
attending 4-year institutions were enrolled in a 
for-profit school, compared to 10 percent of 
Whites. 
(E) As highlighted in a press release titled 
‘‘Obama Administration Announces Final Rules 
to Protect Students from Poor-Performing Ca-
reer College Programs’’, that was issued by the 
DOE on October 30, 2014, ‘‘[t]oo often, stu-
dents at career colleges—including thousands of 
veterans—are charged excessive costs, but don’t 
get the education they paid for. Instead, stu-
dents in such programs are provided with poor 
quality training, often for low-wage jobs or in 
occupations where there are simply no job op-
portunities. They find themselves with large 
amounts of debt and, too often, end up in de-
fault. In many cases, students are drawn into 
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these programs with confusing or misleading in-
formation.’’. 
(7) MEDICAL DEBT.— 
(A) Research by the Consumer Bureau has 
found that the inclusion of medical collections 
on consumer reports has unfairly reduced con-
sumers’ credit scores. 
(B) The Consumer Bureau’s review of 5 
million anonymized credit files from September 
2011 to September 2013, for example, found 
that credit scores may underestimate a person’s 
creditworthiness by up to 10 points for those 
who owe medical debt, and may underestimate 
a person’s creditworthiness by up to 22 points 
after the medical debt has been paid. For con-
sumers with lower credit scores, especially those 
on the brink of what is considered subprime, a 
10 to 22 point decrease in their credit scores 
can have a significant impact on their lives, in-
cluding by affecting whether they are able to 
qualify for credit and, if so, the terms and con-
ditions under which it is extended to them. 
(C) The Consumer Bureau found that half 
of all collections trade lines that appear on con-
sumer reports are related to medical bills 
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136 
in accordance with the procedures established by the Bu-
reau pursuant to subsection (c)— 
‘‘(1) of such borrower’s intent to participate in 
rehabilitation; 
‘‘(2) that such borrower has satisfied the re-
quirements under subsection (a); or 
‘‘(3) that such borrower was granted a grace 
period. 
‘‘(g) IMPACT
ON STATUTE
OF LIMITATIONS
FOR 
PRIOR DEBT.—Payments by a borrower on a private edu-
cation loan that are made during and after a period of 
rehabilitation under this section shall have no effect on 
the statute of limitations with respect to payments that 
were due on such private education loan before the begin-
ning of the period of rehabilitation. 
‘‘(h) PAYMENT PLANS.—If a private educational loan 
holder enters into a payment plan with a borrower on a 
private education loan during a period of rehabilitation, 
such payment plan shall be reasonable and affordable, as 
determined by the Bureau. 
‘‘(i) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
‘‘(1) APPLICATION TO SUBSEQUENT DEFAULT 
OR DELINQUENCY.—A borrower who satisfies the re-
quirements under subsection (a) shall be eligible for 
additional credit rehabilitation described in sub-
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186 
(I) by striking ‘‘extended’’ and 
inserting ‘‘7-year’’; and 
(II) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(iv) by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) upon the expiration of such 7-year 
period or any extension of such period, and in 
response to a direct request by the consumer or 
such representative, continue the fraud alert for 
a period of 7 additional years if the consumer 
or such representative submits an updated iden-
tity theft report.’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in the paragraph heading, by in-
serting ‘‘AND
CREDIT
OR
EDUCATIONAL 
CREDIT SCORES’’ after ‘‘REPORTS’’; and 
(ii) by amending subparagraph (A) to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(A) disclose to the consumer that the con-
sumer may request a free copy of the file and 
credit score or educational credit score of the 
consumer pursuant to section 612(d) during 
each 12-month period beginning on the date on 
which the 7-year fraud alert was included in the 
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193 
(A) by striking ‘‘consumer reporting agen-
cy described in section 603(p)’’ and inserting 
‘‘consumer reporting agency described in sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘the agency’’ and inserting 
‘‘such an agency’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘and an internet website 
address’’ after ‘‘hours’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘outdated 
under section 605 or’’ and inserting ‘‘outdated, re-
quired to be removed, or’’. 
SEC. 806. PROVIDES ACCESS TO FRAUD RECORDS FOR VIC-
TIMS. 
Section 609(e) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681g(e)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘resulting from identity 
theft’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘claim of identity theft’’ 
and inserting ‘‘claim of fraudulent activity’’; 
and 
(C) by striking ‘‘any transaction alleged to 
be a result of identity theft’’ and inserting ‘‘any 
fraudulent transaction’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)(B)— 
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