Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 22 U.S.C. 5952 
note), to remain available until expended. 
SEC. 105. IMPROVING MEASURES TO TRACK AND INTER-
CEPT ILLICIT TRANSFERS OF WEAPONS OF 
MASS DESTRUCTION AND THE MATERIALS 
AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING AND 
PRODUCING SUCH WEAPONS. 
(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States to 
seek to—
(1) cooperate with the Russian Federation and 
each other independent state of the former Soviet 
Union to improve border controls and other meas-
ures to track and intercept illicit transfers of weap-
ons of mass destruction and the materials and tech-
nologies for developing and producing such weapons; 
and 
(2) work with international partners to install, 
at critical international ports, appropriate devices to 
detect and intercept illicit transfers of weapons of 
mass destruction that are nuclear or radiological in 
nature and the materials and technologies for devel-
oping and producing such weapons. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 2004 and 
2005, in addition to any sums otherwise authorized to be
appropriated, to the Department of Energy for the Inter-
national Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation 
program a total of $60,000,000 for the purpose of car-
rying out the policy specified in subsection (a) with respect 
to weapons of mass destruction that are nuclear or radio-
logical in nature. 
SEC. 106. ENHANCED FUNDING FOR RUSSIAN TRANSITION 
INITIATIVE. 
(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States to 
prevent the proliferation, from the Russian Federation 
and the other independent states of the former Soviet 
Union to countries of proliferation concern, of scientists, 
engineers, and technicians possessing the expertise to de-
velop and produce weapons of mass destruction. 
(b) FINDINGS REGARDING THE FORMER IPP PRO-
GRAM
AND NUCLEAR CITIES INITIATIVE PROGRAM.—
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention 
program (hereinafter in this section referred to as 
‘‘IPP’’) has been a very successful nonproliferation 
program. 
(2) Through cost-sharing partnerships between 
companies in the United States and scientists em-
ployed at nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons 
facilities in the independent states of the former So-
viet Union, IPP has supported the creation of sus-
tainable commercial jobs that reduce incentives for 
the proliferation, to countries of proliferation con-
cern, of expertise to develop and produce weapons of 
mass destruction. 
(3) More than 125 companies, actively engaged 
in the part of the Russian Transition Initiative pro-
gram that derives from IPP, are developing high-
technology commercial products and creating new 
jobs in the United States and the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union. 
(4) The Nuclear Cities Initiative has also been 
successful in helping to prevent the proliferation of 
scientists and others with weapons expertise from 
the Russian Federation and other independent 
states of the former Soviet Union. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 2004 and 
2005, in addition to any sums otherwise appropriated, to 
the Department of Energy for the Russian Transition Ini-
tiative program a total of $60,000,000 for the purpose of 
carrying out the policy specified in subsection (a) in a 
manner consistent with the practices described in sub-
section (b).
SEC. 107. SILK ROAD INITIATIVE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that—
(1) a number of independent states of the 
former Soviet Union have been helpful to the United 
States in the war on terrorism; and 
(2) these states are new and struggling democ-
racies and would benefit considerably from assist-
ance to create sustainable jobs for their under-
employed or unemployed scientists, engineers, and 
technicians who were formerly engaged in activities 
to develop and produce weapons of mass destruction 
for the Russian Federation or another independent 
state of the former Soviet Union. 
(b) POLICIES.—(1) It is the policy of the United 
States to seek to establish and promote programs to pre-
vent the proliferation, from scientists, engineers, and tech-
nicians of the Russian Federation and other independent 
states of the former Soviet Union to countries of prolifera-
tion concern, of expertise to develop and produce weapons 
of mass destruction. 
(2) It is also the policy of the United States to seek 
to assist independent states of the former Soviet Union 
that have been helpful to the United States in the war 
on terrorism so as to promote the creation of jobs that 
foster economic stability and democracy.
(c) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—(1) The Secretary of En-
ergy shall carry out a program, to be known as the Silk 
Road Initiative, to develop sustainable employment oppor-
tunities in the United States and in Silk Road nations for 
scientists, engineers, and technicians formerly engaged in 
activities to develop and produce weapons of mass destruc-
tion in the Silk Road nations. The program shall—
(A) incorporate best practices under the former 
Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention program; and 
(B) facilitate commercial partnerships between 
private entities in the United States and scientists, 
engineers, and technicians in the Silk Road nations. 
(2) Before implementing the program with respect to 
multiple Silk Road nations, the Secretary of Energy shall 
carry out a pilot program with respect to one Silk Road 
nation selected by the Secretary. It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Secretary should select the Republic of 
Georgia. 
(d) SILK ROAD NATIONS DEFINED.—In this section, 
the Silk Road nations are Armenia, Azerbaijan, the Re-
public of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— There is 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 2004 and
2005 to the Department of Energy a total of $30,000,000 
to carry out the Silk Road Initiative under subsection (c). 
SEC. 108. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE PROGRAM. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(hereinafter in this section referred to as ‘‘NATO’’) 
has been successful in sponsoring scientific research 
in the states of the former Warsaw Pact and Soviet 
Union through the program referred to as the 
‘‘NATO Science for Peace program’’. 
(2) As operated as of the the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the NATO Science for Peace pro-
gram does not lead to commercialization of results 
and the creation of sustainable technical jobs. 
(3) The NATO Science for Peace program 
could be improved—
(A) through the use of appropriate private 
entities and industrial NATO members to select 
current projects of that program that offer 
prospects of commercialization with United 
States companies; and 
(B) through assistance in developing fu-
ture Science for Peace projects with commercial 
potential.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 2004 and 
2005 to the Department of Defense a total of $1,500,000 
for the purpose of providing assistance to the NATO 
Science for Peace program consistent with subsection 
(a)(3). 
TITLE II—ADMINISTRATION AND 
OVERSIGHT OF THREAT RE-
DUCTION 
AND 
NON-
PROLIFERATION PROGRAMS 
SEC. 201. ANALYSIS OF EFFECT ON THREAT REDUCTION 
AND 
NONPROLIFERATION 
PROGRAMS 
OF 
CONGRESSIONAL 
OVERSIGHT 
MEASURES 
WITH RESPECT TO SUCH PROGRAMS. 
(a) ANALYSIS OF AND REPORT ON CONGRESSIONAL 
OVERSIGHT MEASURES.—(1) The Secretary of Energy, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall carry out 
an analysis of the effect on threat reduction and non-
proliferation programs of applicable congressional over-
sight measures. The analysis shall take into account—
(A) the national security interests of the United 
States; 
(B) the need for accountability in the expendi-
ture of funds by the United States;
(C) the effect of such congressional oversight 
measures on the continuity and effectiveness of such 
programs; and 
(D) the oversight responsibilities of Congress 
with respect to such programs. 
(2) In carrying out the analysis, the Secretary of En-
ergy shall consult with the chairs and ranking minority 
members of the Committees on Armed Services of the Sen-
ate and the House of Representatives. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than November 1, 2004, the 
Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report on 
the analysis required by subsection (a). The report shall—
(1) identify, and describe the purpose of, each 
congressional oversight measure; and 
(2) set forth such recommendations as the Sec-
retary considers appropriate as to whether the meas-
ure should be retained, amended, or repealed, to-
gether with the reasoning underlying that deter-
mination. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) the term ‘‘congressional oversight measure’’ 
means—
(A) the restrictions in subsection (d) of 
section 1203 of the Cooperative Threat Reduc-
tion Act of 1993 (22 U.S.C. 5952);
(B) the eligibility requirements in para-
graphs (1) through (4) of section 502 of the 
FREEDOM Support Act (22 U.S.C. 5852); 
(C) the prohibition in section 1305 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2000 (Public Law 106–65; 113 Stat. 512; 
22 U.S.C. 5952 note); and 
(D) any restriction or prohibition on the 
use of funds otherwise available for threat re-
duction and nonproliferation programs that ap-
plies absent the submission to Congress (or any 
one or more officers or committees of Congress) 
of a report, certification, or other matter. 
(2) The term ‘‘threat reduction and non-
proliferation programs’’ means—
(A) the programs specified in section 
1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104–201; 
110 Stat. 2731; 50 U.S.C. 2362 note); and 
(B) any programs for which funds are 
made available under the defense nuclear non-
proliferation account of the Department of En-
ergy.
SEC. 202. ANNUAL REPORT ON THE USE OF FUNDS APPRO-
PRIATED FOR THREAT REDUCTION AND NON-
PROLIFERATION IN STATES OF THE FORMER 
SOVIET UNION. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than December 31 of each 
year, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress 
a report on the use, during the fiscal year ending Sep-
tember 30 of that year, of funds appropriated for threat 
reduction and nonproliferation programs in the Russian 
Federation and the other independent states of the former 
Soviet Union. The report shall be prepared in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense and shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(1) A description of the use of such funds and 
the manner in which such funds are being monitored 
and accounted for, including—
(A) the amounts obligated, and the 
amounts expended, for such activities; 
(B) the purposes for which such amounts 
were obligated and expended; 
(C) the forms of assistance provided, and 
the justification for each form of assistance pro-
vided; 
(D) the success of each such activity, in-
cluding the purposes achieved for each such ac-
tivity;
(E) a description of the participation in 
such activities by private sector entities in the 
United States and by Federal agencies; and 
(F) any other information that the Sec-
retary of Energy considers appropriate to pro-
vide a complete description of the operation and 
success of such activities. 
(2) An accounting of the financial commitment 
made by the Russian Federation, as of the date of 
the end of the fiscal year covered by the report, to 
the destruction of its weapons of mass destruction 
and to threat reduction and nonproliferation pro-
grams. 
(3) A description of the efforts made by the 
United States to encourage the Russian Federation 
to continue to maintain its current level of financial 
commitment at a level not less than the level of its 
commitment for fiscal year 2003, and the response 
of the Russian Federation to such efforts. 
(4) A description of the access provided by the 
Russian Federation to the United States during the 
fiscal year covered by the report to the facilities with 
respect to which the United States is providing as-
sistance under threat reduction and nonproliferation 
programs.