163 
priate interested stakeholders, shall evaluate 
and, as appropriate, modify existing test proto-
cols for fuel economy and emissions to ensure 
that any protocols for electric drive transpor-
tation technologies, including plug-in electric 
drive vehicles, accurately measure the fuel econ-
omy and emissions performance of the electric 
drive transportation technologies. 
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Test protocols (in-
cluding any modifications to test protocols) for 
electric drive transportation technologies under 
subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) be designed to assess the full po-
tential of benefits in terms of reduction of 
emissions of criteria pollutants, reduction 
of energy use, and petroleum reduction; 
and 
(ii) consider— 
(I) the vehicle and fuel as a sys-
tem, not just an engine; 
(II) nightly off-board charging, 
as applicable; and 
(III) different engine-turn on 
speed control strategies. 
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164 
(3) PLUG-IN
ELECTRIC
DRIVE
VEHICLE
RE-
SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary shall 
conduct an applied research program for plug-in 
electric drive vehicle technology and engine dominant 
hybrid vehicle technology, including— 
(A) high-capacity, high-efficiency energy 
storage devices that, as compared to existing 
technologies that are in commercial service, 
have improved life, energy storage capacity, and 
power delivery capacity; 
(B) high-efficiency on-board and off-board 
charging components; 
(C) 
high-power 
and 
energy-efficient 
drivetrain systems for passenger and commer-
cial vehicles and for nonroad vehicles; 
(D) development and integration of control 
systems and power trains for plug-in electric ve-
hicles, plug-in hybrid fuel cell vehicles, and en-
gine dominant hybrid vehicles, including— 
(i) development of efficient cooling 
systems; 
(ii) analysis and development of con-
trol systems that minimize the emissions 
profile in cases in which clean diesel en-
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165 
gines are part of a plug-in hybrid drive 
system; and 
(iii) development of different control 
systems that optimize for different goals, 
including— 
(I) prolonging energy storage de-
vice life; 
(II) reduction of petroleum con-
sumption; and 
(III) reduction of greenhouse gas 
emissions; 
(E) application of nanomaterial technology 
to energy storage devices and fuel cell systems; 
and 
(F) use of smart vehicle and grid inter-
connection devices and software that enable 
communications between the grid of the future 
and electric drive transportation technology ve-
hicles. 
(4) EDUCATION PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall de-
velop a nationwide electric drive transportation 
technology education program under which the 
Secretary shall provide— 
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(i) teaching materials to secondary 
schools and high schools; and 
(ii) assistance for programs relating 
to electric drive system and component en-
gineering to institutions of higher edu-
cation. 
(B) ELECTRIC
VEHICLE
COMPETITION.— 
The program established under subparagraph 
(A) shall include a plug-in hybrid electric vehi-
cle competition for institutions of higher edu-
cation, which shall be known as the ‘‘Dr. An-
drew Frank Plug-In Electric Vehicle Competi-
tion’’. 
(C) ENGINEERS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram established under subparagraph (A), the 
Secretary shall provide financial assistance to 
institutions of higher education to create new, 
or support existing, degree programs to ensure 
the availability of trained electrical and me-
chanical engineers with the skills necessary for 
the advancement of— 
(i) plug-in electric drive vehicles; and 
(ii) other forms of electric drive trans-
portation technology vehicles. 
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