I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1118 
To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide for addi-
tional disclosure requirements for corporations, labor organizations, 
Super PACs and other entities, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 21, 2023 
Mr. CICILLINE (for himself, Mr. MULLIN, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Ms. 
MCCOLLUM, Mr. NADLER, Mrs. BEATTY, Ms. DEAN of Pennsylvania, 
Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Mr. DOGGETT, Mr. PAYNE, Ms. BARRAGA´N, 
Mr. KIM of New Jersey, Mr. MFUME, Mr. COHEN, Mr. TAKANO, Mr. 
SCHIFF, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. TLAIB, Mr. CARSON, Mr. LARSON 
of Connecticut, Mr. AUCHINCLOSS, Mr. COSTA, Ms. BROWNLEY, Mr. 
GOLDEN of Maine, Mr. ALLRED, Ms. NORTON, Mr. CARBAJAL, Mr. 
DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. KILMER, Mr. CLEAVER, Ms. ESCOBAR, Mr. DAVID 
SCOTT of Georgia, Mr. SWALWELL, Mr. MOULTON, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. 
TONKO, Mr. CASTRO of Texas, Mr. GARAMENDI, Mr. BOYLE of Pennsyl-
vania, Ms. CASTOR of Florida, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. TORRES of New York, 
Ms. BONAMICI, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. VEASEY, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mrs. 
DINGELL, Mr. BERA, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. POCAN, Ms. CHU, Ms. STRICK-
LAND, Ms. TOKUDA, Mr. LEVIN, Ms. ROSS, Mr. SMITH of Washington, 
Mr. STANTON, Mr. QUIGLEY, Ms. SCHRIER, Mr. DELUZIO, Mr. CASAR, 
Ms. BLUNT ROCHESTER, Mr. PHILLIPS, Ms. HOYLE of Oregon, Mrs. 
TRAHAN, Mr. GOTTHEIMER, Mr. CROW, Mr. LIEU, Mr. HIMES, Ms. 
TITUS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. MAGAZINER, Mr. 
MORELLE, Ms. PORTER, Mr. EVANS, Mr. SARBANES, Ms. SLOTKIN, Mr. 
BOWMAN, Mr. RASKIN, Mr. GREEN of Texas, Mr. HIGGINS of New York, 
Mrs. HAYES, Mr. GARCI´A of Illinois, Mr. CASTEN, Mr. HUFFMAN, Ms. 
WILSON of Florida, Ms. DELBENE, Ms. KUSTER, Ms. MENG, Mr. CASE, 
Ms. MANNING, Ms. MATSUI, Ms. SALINAS, Mr. COURTNEY, Ms. 
STANSBURY, Mr. RUPPERSBERGER, Mr. CARTER of Louisiana, Mr. 
THOMPSON of California, Mr. CA´RDENAS, Ms. DEGETTE, Ms. WILLIAMS 
of Georgia, Mrs. MCBATH, Ms. GARCIA of Texas, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. 
TRONE, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. GALLEGO, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, and Ms. 
JAYAPAL) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committees on 
Ways and Means, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently de-
termined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
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A BILL 
To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to 
provide for additional disclosure requirements for cor-
porations, labor organizations, Super PACs and other 
entities, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Democracy Is Strengthened by Casting Light On Spend-
ing in Elections Act of 2023’’ or the ‘‘DISCLOSE Act 
of 2023’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings. 
TITLE I—CLOSING LOOPHOLES ALLOWING SPENDING BY 
FOREIGN NATIONALS IN ELECTIONS 
Sec. 101. Clarification of application of foreign money ban to certain disburse-
ments and activities. 
Sec. 102. Study and report on illicit foreign money in Federal elections. 
Sec. 103. Prohibition on contributions and donations by foreign nationals in 
connection with ballot initiatives and referenda. 
Sec. 104. Disbursements and activities subject to foreign money ban. 
Sec. 105. Prohibiting establishment of corporation to conceal election contribu-
tions and donations by foreign nationals. 
TITLE II—REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS 
Sec. 201. Reporting of campaign-related disbursements. 
Sec. 202. Reporting of Federal judicial nomination disbursements. 
Sec. 203. Coordination with FinCEN. 
Sec. 204. Application of foreign money ban to disbursements for campaign-re-
lated disbursements consisting of covered transfers. 
Sec. 205. Sense of Congress regarding implementation. 
Sec. 206. Effective date. 
TITLE III—OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 
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Sec. 301. Petition for certiorari. 
Sec. 302. Judicial review of actions related to campaign finance laws. 
Sec. 303. Effective date. 
TITLE IV—STAND BY EVERY AD 
Sec. 401. Short title. 
Sec. 402. Stand by every ad. 
Sec. 403. Disclaimer 
requirements 
for 
communications 
made 
through 
prerecorded telephone calls. 
Sec. 404. No expansion of persons subject to disclaimer requirements on inter-
net communications. 
Sec. 405. Effective date. 
TITLE V—SEVERABILITY 
Sec. 501. Severability. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Campaign finance disclosure is a narrowly 
tailored and minimally restrictive means to advance 
substantial government interests, including fostering 
an informed electorate capable of engaging in self- 
government and holding their elected officials ac-
countable, detecting and deterring quid pro quo cor-
ruption, and identifying information necessary to en-
force other campaign finance laws, including cam-
paign contribution limits and the prohibition on for-
eign money in U.S. campaigns. To further these 
substantial interests, campaign finance disclosure 
must be timely and complete, and must disclose the 
true and original source of money given, transferred, 
and spent to influence Federal elections. Current law 
does not meet this objective because corporations 
and other entities that the Supreme Court has per-
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mitted to spend money to influence Federal elections 
are subject to few if any transparency requirements. 
(2) As the Supreme Court recognized in its per 
curiam opinion in Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 
(1976), ‘‘disclosure requirements certainly in most 
applications appear to be the least restrictive means 
of curbing the evils of campaign ignorance and cor-
ruption that Congress found to exist.’’ Buckley, 424 
U.S. at 68. In Citizens United v. FEC, the Court re-
iterated that ‘‘disclosure is a less restrictive alter-
native to more comprehensive regulations of speech.’’ 
558 U.S. 310, 369 (2010). 
(3) No subsequent decision has called these 
holdings into question, including the Court’s decision 
in Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta, 
141 S. Ct. 2373 (2021). That case did not involve 
campaign finance disclosure, and the Court did not 
overturn its longstanding recognition of the substan-
tial interests furthered by such disclosure. 
(4) Campaign finance disclosure is also essen-
tial to enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act’s 
prohibition on contributions by and solicitations of 
foreign nationals. See section 319 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121). 
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(5) Congress should close loopholes allowing 
spending by foreign nationals in domestic elections. 
For example, in 2021, the Federal Election Commis-
sion, the independent Federal agency charged with 
protecting the integrity of the Federal campaign fi-
nance process, found reason to believe and concil-
iated a matter where an experienced political con-
sultant knowingly and willfully violated Federal law 
by soliciting a contribution from a foreign national 
by offering to transmit a $2,000,000 contribution to 
a super PAC through his company and two 
501(c)(4) organizations, to conceal the origin of the 
funds. This scheme was only unveiled after appear-
ing in a The Telegraph UK article and video cap-
turing the solicitation. See Conciliation Agreement, 
MURs 7165 & 7196 (Great America PAC, et al.), 
date June 28, 2021; Factual and Legal Analysis, 
MURs 7165 & 7196 (Jesse Benton), dated Mar. 2, 
2021. 
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TITLE I—CLOSING LOOPHOLES 
ALLOWING 
SPENDING 
BY 
FOREIGN 
NATIONALS 
IN 
ELECTIONS 
SEC. 101. CLARIFICATION OF APPLICATION OF FOREIGN 
MONEY BAN TO CERTAIN DISBURSEMENTS 
AND ACTIVITIES. 
Section 319(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(b)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and by 
moving such subparagraphs 2 ems to the right; 
(2) by striking ‘‘As used in this section, the 
term’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘DEFINITIONS.— 
For purposes of this section— 
‘‘(1) FOREIGN NATIONAL.—The term’’; 
(3) by moving paragraphs (1) and (2) two ems 
to the right and redesignating them as subpara-
graphs (A) and (B), respectively; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) CONTRIBUTION AND DONATION.—For pur-
poses of paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a), 
the term ‘contribution or donation’ includes any dis-
bursement to a political committee which accepts do-
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nations or contributions that do not comply with any 
of the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting re-
quirements of this Act (or any disbursement to or on 
behalf of any account of a political committee which 
is established for the purpose of accepting such do-
nations or contributions), or to any other person for 
the purpose of funding an expenditure, independent 
expenditure, or electioneering communication (as de-
fined in section 304(f)(3)).’’. 
SEC. 102. STUDY AND REPORT ON ILLICIT FOREIGN MONEY 
IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS. 
(a) STUDY.—For each 4-year election cycle (begin-
ning with the 4-year election cycle ending in 2020), the 
Comptroller General shall conduct a study on the inci-
dence of illicit foreign money in all elections for Federal 
office held during the preceding 4-year election cycle, in-
cluding what information is known about the presence of 
such money in elections for Federal office. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the applicable 
date with respect to any 4-year election cycle, the 
Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report on the study con-
ducted under subsection (a). 
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(2) MATTERS
INCLUDED.—The report sub-
mitted under paragraph (1) shall include a descrip-
tion of the extent to which illicit foreign money was 
used to target particular groups, including rural 
communities, African-American and other minority 
communities, and military and veteran communities, 
based on such targeting information as is available 
and accessible to the Comptroller General. 
(3) APPLICABLE DATE.—For purposes of para-
graph (1), the term ‘‘applicable date’’ means— 
(A) in the case of the 4-year election cycle 
ending in 2020, the date that is 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act; and 
(B) in the case of any other 4-year election 
cycle, the date that is 1 year after the date on 
which such 4-year election cycle ends. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section: 
(1) 4-YEAR ELECTION CYCLE.—The term ‘‘4- 
year election cycle’’ means the 4-year period ending 
on the date of the general election for the offices of 
President and Vice President. 
(2) ILLICIT FOREIGN MONEY.—The term ‘‘illicit 
foreign money’’ means any contribution, donation, 
expenditure, or disbursement by a foreign national 
(as defined in section 319(b) of the Federal Election 
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Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(b))) pro-
hibited under such section. 
(3) ELECTION; FEDERAL OFFICE.—The terms 
‘‘election’’ and ‘‘Federal office’’ have the meanings 
given such terms under section 301 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (53 U.S.C. 30101). 
(4) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives; 
(B) the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate. 
(d) SUNSET.—This section shall not apply to any 4- 
year election cycle beginning after the election for the of-
fices of President and Vice President in 2032. 
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SEC. 103. PROHIBITION ON CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONA-
TIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS IN CONNEC-
TION 
WITH 
BALLOT 
INITIATIVES 
AND 
REFERENDA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319(b) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(b)), as 
amended by section 101, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(3) FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL ELECTION.— 
The term ‘Federal, State, or local election’ includes 
a State or local ballot initiative or referendum, but 
only in the case of— 
‘‘(A) a covered foreign national as defined 
in paragraph (4); or 
‘‘(B) a foreign principal described in sec-
tion 1(b)(2) or 1(b)(3) of the Foreign Agent 
Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 
U.S.C. 611(b)(2) or (b)(3)) or an agent of such 
a foreign principal under such Act. 
‘‘(4) COVERED FOREIGN NATIONAL.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘covered for-
eign national’ means— 
‘‘(i) a foreign principal (as defined in 
section 1(b) of the Foreign Agents Reg-
istration Act of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611(b))) 
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that is a government of a foreign country 
or a foreign political party; 
‘‘(ii) any person who acts as an agent, 
representative, employee, or servant, or 
any person who acts in any other capacity 
at the order, request, or under the direc-
tion or control, of a foreign principal de-
scribed in clause (i) or of a person any of 
whose activities are directly or indirectly 
supervised, directed, controlled, financed, 
or subsidized in whole or in major part by 
a foreign principal described in clause (i); 
or 
‘‘(iii) any person included in the list of 
specially designated nationals and blocked 
persons maintained by the Office of For-
eign Assets Control of the Department of 
the Treasury pursuant to authorities relat-
ing to the imposition of sanctions relating 
to the conduct of a foreign principal de-
scribed in clause (i). 
‘‘(B) CLARIFICATION REGARDING APPLICA-
TION TO CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.— 
In the case of a citizen of the United States, 
clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) applies only to 
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the extent that the person involved acts within 
the scope of that person’s status as the agent 
of a foreign principal described in clause (i) of 
subparagraph (A).’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply with respect to elections held in 
2024 or any succeeding year. 
SEC. 104. DISBURSEMENTS AND ACTIVITIES SUBJECT TO 
FOREIGN MONEY BAN. 
(a) 
DISBURSEMENTS
DESCRIBED.—Section 
319(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of subparagraph 
(B); and 
(2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(C) an expenditure; 
‘‘(D) an independent expenditure; 
‘‘(E) a disbursement for an electioneering 
communication (within the meaning of section 
304(f)(3)); 
‘‘(F) a disbursement for a communication 
which is placed or promoted for a fee on a 
website, web application, or digital application 
that refers to a clearly identified candidate for 
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election for Federal office and is disseminated 
within 60 days before a general, special or run-
off election for the office sought by the can-
didate or 30 days before a primary or pref-
erence election, or a convention or caucus of a 
political party that has authority to nominate a 
candidate for the office sought by the can-
didate; 
‘‘(G) a disbursement by a covered foreign 
national (as defined in subsection (b)(4)) for a 
broadcast, cable or satellite communication, or 
for a communication which is placed or pro-
moted for a fee on a website, web application, 
or digital application, that promotes, supports, 
attacks or opposes the election of a clearly iden-
tified candidate for Federal, State, or local of-
fice (regardless of whether the communication 
contains express advocacy or the functional 
equivalent of express advocacy); 
‘‘(H) a disbursement for a broadcast, 
cable, or satellite communication, or for any 
communication which is placed or promoted for 
a fee on an online platform (as defined in sub-
section (b)(5)), that discusses a national legisla-
tive issue of public importance in a year in 
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which a regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office is held, but only if the disburse-
ment is made by a covered foreign national (as 
defined in subsection (b)(4)); 
‘‘(I) a disbursement by a covered foreign 
national (as defined in subsection (b)(4)) to 
compensate any person for internet activity that 
promotes, supports, attacks or opposes the elec-
tion of a clearly identified candidate for Fed-
eral, State, or local office (regardless of whether 
the activity contains express advocacy or the 
functional equivalent of express advocacy); or 
‘‘(J) a disbursement by a covered foreign 
national (as defined in subsection (b)(4)) for a 
Federal judicial nomination communication (as 
defined in section 324(g)(2));’’. 
(b) DEFINITION
OF ONLINE PLATFORM.—Section 
319(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30121(b)), as amended by 
sections 101 and 103, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) ONLINE PLATFORM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this 
section, subject to subparagraph (B), the term 
‘online platform’ means any public-facing 
website, web application, or digital application 
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(including a social network, ad network, or 
search engine) which— 
‘‘(i)(I) sells qualified political adver-
tisements; and 
‘‘(II) has 50,000,000 or more unique 
monthly United States visitors or users for 
a majority of months during the preceding 
12 months; or 
‘‘(ii) is a third-party advertising ven-
dor that has 50,000,000 or more unique 
monthly United States visitors in the ag-
gregate on any advertisement space that it 
has sold or bought for a majority of 
months during the preceding 12 months, 
as measured by an independent digital rat-
ings service accredited by the Media Rat-
ings Council (or its successor). 
‘‘(B) EXEMPTION.—Such term shall not 
include any online platform that is a distribu-
tion facility of any broadcasting station or 
newspaper, magazine, blog, publication, or peri-
odical. 
‘‘(C) THIRD-PARTY ADVERTISING VENDOR 
DEFINED.—For purposes of this subsection, the 
term ‘third-party advertising vendor’ includes, 
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but is not limited to, any third-party adver-
tising vendor network, advertising agency, ad-
vertiser, or third-party advertisement serving 
company that buys and sells advertisement 
space on behalf of unaffiliated third-party 
websites, search engines, digital applications, or 
social media sites.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to disbursements 
made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 105. PROHIBITING ESTABLISHMENT OF CORPORATION 
TO 
CONCEAL 
ELECTION 
CONTRIBUTIONS 
AND DONATIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United 
States Code is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 612. Establishment of corporation to conceal elec-
tion contributions and donations by for-
eign nationals 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for an owner, 
officer, attorney, or incorporation agent of a corporation, 
company, or other entity to establish or use the corpora-
tion, company, or other entity with the intent to conceal 
an activity of a foreign national (as defined in section 319 
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of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30121)) prohibited under such section 319. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, fined 
under this title, or both.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 
chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code is amended by 
adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘612. Establishment of corporation to conceal election contributions and dona-
tions by foreign nationals.’’. 
TITLE II—REPORTING OF CAM-
PAIGN-RELATED 
DISBURSE-
MENTS 
SEC. 201. REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSE-
MENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 324 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30126) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 324. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSE-
MENTS BY COVERED ORGANIZATIONS. 
‘‘(a) DISCLOSURE STATEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any covered organization 
that makes campaign-related disbursements aggre-
gating more than $10,000 in an election reporting 
cycle shall, not later than 24 hours after each disclo-
sure date, file a statement with the Commission 
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made under penalty of perjury that contains the in-
formation described in paragraph (2)— 
‘‘(A) in the case of the first statement filed 
under this subsection, for the period beginning 
on the first day of the election reporting cycle 
(or, if earlier, the period beginning one year be-
fore the first such disclosure date) and ending 
on the first such disclosure date; and 
‘‘(B) in the case of any subsequent state-
ment filed under this subsection, for the period 
beginning on the previous disclosure date and 
ending on such disclosure date. 
‘‘(2) INFORMATION DESCRIBED.—The informa-
tion described in this paragraph is as follows: 
‘‘(A) The name of the covered organization 
and the principal place of business of such or-
ganization and, in the case of a covered organi-
zation that is a corporation (other than a busi-
ness concern that is an issuer of a class of secu-
rities registered under section 12 of the Securi-
ties Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78l) or 
that is required to file reports under section 
15(d) of that Act (15 U.S.C. 78o(d))) or an en-
tity described in subsection (e)(2), a list of the 
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beneficial owners (as defined in paragraph 
(4)(A)) of the entity that— 
‘‘(i) identifies each beneficial owner by 
name and current residential or business 
street address; and 
‘‘(ii) if any beneficial owner exercises 
control over the entity through another 
legal entity, such as a corporation, partner-
ship, limited liability company, or trust, 
identifies each such other legal entity and 
each such beneficial owner who will use 
that other entity to exercise control over 
the entity. 
‘‘(B) The amount of each campaign-related 
disbursement made by such organization during 
the period covered by the statement of more 
than $1,000, and the name and address of the 
person to whom the disbursement was made. 
‘‘(C) In the case of a campaign-related dis-
bursement that is not a covered transfer, the 
election to which the campaign-related disburse-
ment pertains and if the disbursement is made 
for a public communication, the name of any 
candidate identified in such communication and 
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if such communication is in support of or in op-
position to the identified candidate. 
‘‘(D) A certification by the chief executive 
officer or person who is the head of the covered 
organization that the campaign-related dis-
bursement is not made in cooperation, consulta-
tion, or concert with or at the request or sug-
gestion of a candidate, authorized committee, or 
agent of a candidate, political party, or agent of 
a political party. 
‘‘(E)(i) If the covered organization makes 
campaign-related disbursements using exclu-
sively funds in a campaign-related disbursement 
segregated fund, for each payment made to the 
account by a person other than the covered or-
ganization— 
‘‘(I) the name and address of each 
person who made such payment to the ac-
count during the period covered by the 
statement; 
‘‘(II) the date and amount of such 
payment; and 
‘‘(III) the aggregate amount of all 
such payments made by the person during 
the period beginning on the first day of the 
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‘‘(I) the name and address of each 
person who made such payment during the 
period covered by the statement; 
‘‘(II) the date and amount of such 
payment; and 
‘‘(III) the aggregate amount of all 
such payments made by the person during 
the period beginning on the first day of the 
election reporting cycle (or, if earlier, the 
period beginning one year before the dis-
closure date) and ending on the disclosure 
date, 
but only if such payment was made by a person 
who made payments to the covered organization 
in an aggregate amount of $10,000 or more 
during the period beginning on the first day of 
the election reporting cycle (or, if earlier, the 
period beginning one year before the disclosure 
date) and ending on the disclosure date. 
‘‘(ii) In any calendar year after 2024, sec-
tion 315(c)(1)(B) shall apply to the amount de-
scribed in clause (i) in the same manner as 
such section applies to the limitations estab-
lished under subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), 
(a)(3), and (h) of such section, except that for 
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purposes of applying such section to the 
amounts described in subsection (b), the ‘base 
period’ shall be calendar year 2024. 
‘‘(G) Such other information as required in 
rules established by the Commission to promote 
the purposes of this section. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) AMOUNTS
RECEIVED
IN
ORDINARY 
COURSE OF BUSINESS.—The requirement to in-
clude in a statement filed under paragraph (1) 
the information described in paragraph (2) 
shall not apply to amounts received by the cov-
ered organization in commercial transactions in 
the ordinary course of any trade or business 
conducted by the covered organization or in the 
form of investments (other than investments by 
the principal shareholder in a limited liability 
corporation) in the covered organization. For 
purposes of this subparagraph, amounts re-
ceived by a covered organization as remittances 
from an employee to the employee’s collective 
bargaining representative shall be treated as 
amounts received in commercial transactions in 
the ordinary course of the business conducted 
by the covered organization. 
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‘‘(B) DONOR
RESTRICTION
ON
USE
OF 
FUNDS.—The requirement to include in a state-
ment submitted under paragraph (1) the infor-
mation described in subparagraph (F) of para-
graph (2) shall not apply if— 
‘‘(i) the person described in such sub-
paragraph prohibited, in writing, the use of 
the payment made by such person for cam-
paign-related disbursements; and 
‘‘(ii) the covered organization agreed 
to follow the prohibition and deposited the 
payment in an account which is segregated 
from a campaign-related disbursement seg-
regated fund and any other account used 
to make campaign-related disbursements. 
‘‘(C) THREAT
OF
HARASSMENT
OR
RE-
PRISAL.—The requirement to include any infor-
mation relating to the name or address of any 
person (other than a candidate) in a statement 
submitted under paragraph (1) shall not apply 
if the inclusion of the information would subject 
the person to serious threats, harassment, or 
reprisals. 
‘‘(4) OTHER
DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of 
this section: 
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‘‘(A) BENEFICIAL OWNER DEFINED.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Except as pro-
vided in clause (ii), the term ‘beneficial 
owner’ means, with respect to any entity, 
a natural person who, directly or indi-
rectly— 
‘‘(I) exercises substantial control 
over an entity through ownership, vot-
ing rights, agreement, or otherwise; or 
‘‘(II) has a substantial interest in 
or receives substantial economic bene-
fits from the assets of an entity. 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTIONS.—The term ‘bene-
ficial owner’ shall not include— 
‘‘(I) a minor child; 
‘‘(II) a person acting as a nomi-
nee, intermediary, custodian, or agent 
on behalf of another person; 
‘‘(III) a person acting solely as 
an employee of an entity and whose 
control over or economic benefits from 
the entity derives solely from the em-
ployment status of the person; 
‘‘(IV) a person whose only inter-
est in an entity is through a right of 
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inheritance, unless the person also 
meets the requirements of clause (i); 
or 
‘‘(V) a creditor of an entity, un-
less the creditor also meets the re-
quirements of clause (i). 
‘‘(iii) ANTI-ABUSE RULE.—The excep-
tions under clause (ii) shall not apply if 
used for the purpose of evading, circum-
venting, or abusing the provisions of clause 
(i) or paragraph (2)(A). 
‘‘(B) CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENT 
SEGREGATED FUND.—The term ‘campaign-re-
lated disbursement segregated fund’ means a 
segregated bank account consisting of funds 
that were paid directly to such account by per-
sons other than the covered organization that 
controls the account. 
‘‘(C) DISCLOSURE DATE.—The term ‘dis-
closure date’ means— 
‘‘(i) the first date during any election 
reporting cycle by which a person has 
made campaign-related disbursements ag-
gregating more than $10,000; and 
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‘‘(ii) any other date during such elec-
tion reporting cycle by which a person has 
made campaign-related disbursements ag-
gregating more than $10,000 since the 
most recent disclosure date for such elec-
tion reporting cycle. 
‘‘(D) ELECTION REPORTING CYCLE.—The 
term ‘election reporting cycle’ means the 2-year 
period beginning on the date of the most recent 
general election for Federal office. 
‘‘(E) PAYMENT.—The term ‘payment’ in-
cludes any contribution, donation, transfer, pay-
ment of dues, or other payment. 
‘‘(b) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROVISIONS.— 
‘‘(1) OTHER REPORTS FILED WITH THE COM-
MISSION.—Information included in a statement filed 
under this section may be excluded from statements 
and reports filed under section 304. 
‘‘(2) TREATMENT AS SEPARATE SEGREGATED 
FUND.—A 
campaign-related 
disbursement 
seg-
regated fund may be treated as a separate seg-
regated fund for purposes of section 527(f)(3) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 
‘‘(c) FILING.—Statements required to be filed under 
subsection (a) shall be subject to the requirements of sec-
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tion 304(d) to the same extent and in the same manner 
as if such reports had been required under subsection (c) 
or (g) of section 304. 
‘‘(d) 
CAMPAIGN-RELATED
DISBURSEMENT
DE-
FINED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term 
‘campaign-related disbursement’ means a disburse-
ment by a covered organization for any of the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) An independent expenditure which ex-
pressly advocates the election or defeat of a 
clearly identified candidate for election for Fed-
eral office, or is the functional equivalent of ex-
press advocacy because, when taken as a whole, 
it can be interpreted by a reasonable person 
only as advocating the election or defeat of a 
candidate for election for Federal office. 
‘‘(B) An applicable public communication. 
‘‘(C) An electioneering communication, as 
defined in section 304(f)(3). 
‘‘(D) A covered transfer. 
‘‘(2) APPLICABLE PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘applicable 
public communication’ means any public com-
munication that refers to a clearly identified 
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candidate for election for Federal office and 
which promotes or supports the election of a 
candidate for that office, or attacks or opposes 
the election of a candidate for that office, with-
out regard to whether the communication ex-
pressly advocates a vote for or against a can-
didate for that office. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—Such term shall not in-
clude any news story, commentary, or editorial 
distributed through the facilities of any broad-
casting station or any print, online, or digital 
newspaper, magazine, publication, or periodical, 
unless such facilities are owned or controlled by 
any political party, political committee, or can-
didate. 
‘‘(e) COVERED ORGANIZATION DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘covered organization’ means any of the 
following: 
‘‘(1) A corporation (other than an organization 
described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986). 
‘‘(2) A limited liability corporation that is not 
otherwise treated as a corporation for purposes of 
this Act (other than an organization described in 
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section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986). 
‘‘(3) An organization described in section 
501(c) of such Code and exempt from taxation 
under section 501(a) of such Code (other than an 
organization described in section 501(c)(3) of such 
Code). 
‘‘(4) A labor organization (as defined in section 
316(b)). 
‘‘(5) Any political organization under section 
527 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other 
than a political committee under this Act (except as 
provided in paragraph (6)). 
‘‘(6) A political committee with an account that 
accepts donations or contributions that do not com-
ply with the contribution limits or source prohibi-
tions under this Act, but only with respect to such 
accounts. 
‘‘(f) COVERED TRANSFER DEFINED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term 
‘covered transfer’ means any transfer or payment of 
funds by a covered organization to another person if 
the covered organization— 
‘‘(A) designates, requests, or suggests that 
the amounts be used for— 
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‘‘(i) campaign-related disbursements 
(other than covered transfers); or 
‘‘(ii) making a transfer to another 
person for the purpose of making or pay-
ing for such campaign-related disburse-
ments; 
‘‘(B) made such transfer or payment in re-
sponse to a solicitation or other request for a 
donation or payment for— 
‘‘(i) the making of or paying for cam-
paign-related disbursements (other than 
covered transfers); or 
‘‘(ii) making a transfer to another 
person for the purpose of making or pay-
ing for such campaign-related disburse-
ments; 
‘‘(C) engaged in discussions with the re-
cipient of the transfer or payment regarding— 
‘‘(i) the making of or paying for cam-
paign-related disbursements (other than 
covered transfers); or 
‘‘(ii) donating or transferring any 
amount of such transfer or payment to an-
other person for the purpose of making or 
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paying for such campaign-related disburse-
ments; or 
‘‘(D) knew or had reason to know that the 
person receiving the transfer or payment would 
make campaign-related disbursements in an ag-
gregate amount of $50,000 or more during the 
2-year period beginning on the date of the 
transfer or payment. 
‘‘(2) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘covered transfer’ 
does not include any of the following: 
‘‘(A) A disbursement made by a covered 
organization in a commercial transaction in the 
ordinary course of any trade or business con-
ducted by the covered organization or in the 
form of investments made by the covered orga-
nization. 
‘‘(B) A disbursement made by a covered 
organization if— 
‘‘(i) the covered organization prohib-
ited, in writing, the use of such disburse-
ment for campaign-related disbursements; 
and 
‘‘(ii) the recipient of the disbursement 
agreed to follow the prohibition and depos-
ited the disbursement in an account which 
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is segregated from a campaign-related dis-
bursement segregated fund and any other 
account used to make campaign-related 
disbursements. 
‘‘(3) SPECIAL
RULE
REGARDING
TRANSFERS 
AMONG AFFILIATES.— 
‘‘(A) SPECIAL
RULE.—A transfer of an 
amount by one covered organization to another 
covered organization which is treated as a 
transfer between affiliates under subparagraph 
(C) shall be considered a covered transfer by 
the covered organization which transfers the 
amount only if the aggregate amount trans-
ferred during the year by such covered organi-
zation to that same covered organization is 
equal to or greater than $50,000. 
‘‘(B) DETERMINATION
OF
AMOUNT
OF 
CERTAIN
PAYMENTS
AMONG
AFFILIATES.—In 
determining the amount of a transfer between 
affiliates for purposes of subparagraph (A), to 
the extent that the transfer consists of funds 
attributable to dues, fees, or assessments which 
are paid by individuals on a regular, periodic 
basis in accordance with a per-individual cal-
culation which is made on a regular basis, the 
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transfer shall be attributed to the individuals 
paying the dues, fees, or assessments and shall 
not be attributed to the covered organization. 
‘‘(C) DESCRIPTION
OF
TRANSFERS
BE-
TWEEN
AFFILIATES.—A transfer of amounts 
from one covered organization to another cov-
ered organization shall be treated as a transfer 
between affiliates if— 
‘‘(i) one of the organizations is an af-
filiate of the other organization; or 
‘‘(ii) each of the organizations is an 
affiliate of the same organization, 
except that the transfer shall not be treated as 
a transfer between affiliates if one of the orga-
nizations is established for the purpose of mak-
ing campaign-related disbursements. 
‘‘(D) DETERMINATION OF AFFILIATE STA-
TUS.—For purposes of subparagraph (C), a 
covered organization is an affiliate of another 
covered organization if— 
‘‘(i) the governing instrument of the 
organization requires it to be bound by de-
cisions of the other organization; 
‘‘(ii) the governing board of the orga-
nization includes persons who are specifi-
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cally designated representatives of the 
other organization or are members of the 
governing board, officers, or paid executive 
staff members of the other organization, or 
whose service on the governing board is 
contingent upon the approval of the other 
organization; or 
‘‘(iii) the organization is chartered by 
the other organization. 
‘‘(E) COVERAGE
OF
TRANSFERS
TO
AF-
FILIATED
SECTION
501(c)(3) 
ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—This paragraph shall apply with re-
spect to an amount transferred by a covered or-
ganization to an organization described in para-
graph (3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under 
section 501(a) of such Code in the same man-
ner as this paragraph applies to an amount 
transferred by a covered organization to an-
other covered organization. 
‘‘(g) NO EFFECT ON OTHER REPORTING REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Except as provided in subsection (b)(1), nothing 
in this section shall be construed to waive or otherwise 
affect any other requirement of this Act which relates to 
the reporting of campaign-related disbursements.’’. 
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(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 304(f)(6) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30104) is amended by striking 
‘‘Any requirement’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in 
section 324(b), any requirement’’. 
(c) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 6 months after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Election 
Commission shall promulgate regulations relating the ap-
plication of the exemption under section 324(a)(3)(C) of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by 
subsection (a)). Such regulations— 
(1) shall require that the legal burden of estab-
lishing eligibility for such exemption is upon the or-
ganization required to make the report required 
under section 324(a)(1) of such Act (as added by 
subsection (a)), and 
(2) shall be consistent with the principles ap-
plied in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commis-
sion, 558 U.S. 310 (2010). 
SEC. 202. REPORTING OF FEDERAL JUDICIAL NOMINATION 
DISBURSEMENTS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) A fair and impartial judiciary is critical for 
our democracy and crucial to maintain the faith of 
the people of the United States in the justice sys-
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tem. As the Supreme Court held in Caperton v. 
Massey, ‘‘there is a serious risk of actual bias— 
based on objective and reasonable perceptions— 
when a person with a personal stake in a particular 
case had a significant and disproportionate influence 
in placing the judge on the case.’’ (Caperton v. A. 
T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868, 884 (2009)). 
(2) Public trust in government is at a historic 
low. According to polling, most Americans believe 
that corporations have too much power and influence 
in politics and the courts. 
(3) The prevalence and pervasiveness of dark 
money drives public concern about corruption in pol-
itics and the courts. Dark money is funding for or-
ganizations and political activities that cannot be 
traced to actual donors. It is made possible by loop-
holes in our tax laws and regulations, weak oversight 
by the Internal Revenue Service, and donor-friendly 
court decisions. 
(4) Under current law, ‘‘social welfare’’ organi-
zations and business leagues can use funds to influ-
ence elections so long as political activity is not their 
‘‘primary’’ activity. Super PACs can accept and 
spend unlimited contributions from any non-foreign 
source. These groups can spend tens of millions of 
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dollars on political activities. Such dark money 
groups spent an estimated $1,050,000,000 in the 
2020 election cycle. 
(5) Dark money is used to shape judicial deci-
sion-making. This can take many forms, akin to 
agency capture: influencing judicial selection by con-
trolling who gets nominated and funding candidate 
advertisements; creating public relations campaigns 
aimed at mobilizing the judiciary around particular 
issues; and drafting law review articles, amicus 
briefs, and other products which tell judges how to 
decide a given case and provide ready-made argu-
ments for willing judges to adopt. 
(6) Over the past decade, nonprofit organiza-
tions that do not disclose their donors have spent 
hundreds of millions of dollars to influence the nomi-
nation and confirmation process for Federal judges. 
One 
organization 
alone 
has 
spent 
nearly 
$40,000,000 on advertisements supporting or oppos-
ing Supreme Court nominees since 2016. 
(7) Anonymous money spent on judicial nomi-
nations is not subject to any disclosure require-
ments. Federal election laws only regulate contribu-
tions and expenditures relating to electoral politics; 
thus, expenditures, contributions, and advocacy ef-
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forts for Federal judgeships are not covered under 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. With-
out more disclosure, the public has no way of know-
ing whether the people spending money supporting 
or opposing judicial nominations have business be-
fore the courts. 
(8) Congress and the American people have a 
compelling interest in knowing who is funding these 
campaigns to select and confirm judges to lifetime 
appointments on the Federal bench. 
(b) REPORTING.—Section 324 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30126), as amend-
ed by section 201, is amended by redesignating subsection 
(g) as subsection (h) and by inserting after subsection (f) 
the following new subsection: 
‘‘(g) APPLICATION TO FEDERAL JUDICIAL NOMINA-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(A) a disbursement by a covered organi-
zation for a Federal judicial nomination com-
munication shall be treated as a campaign-re-
lated disbursement; and 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘Federal ju-
dicial nomination communication’ means any 
communication— 
‘‘(i) that is by means of any broad-
cast, cable, or satellite, paid internet, or 
paid digital communication, paid pro-
motion, newspaper, magazine, outdoor ad-
vertising facility, mass mailing, telephone 
bank, telephone messaging effort of more 
than 500 substantially similar calls or elec-
tronic messages within a 30-day period, or 
any other form of general public political 
advertising; and 
‘‘(ii) which promotes, supports, at-
tacks, or opposes the nomination or Senate 
confirmation of an individual as a Federal 
judge or justice. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—Such term shall not in-
clude any news story, commentary, or editorial 
distributed through the facilities of any broad-
casting station or any print, online, or digital 
newspaper, magazine, publication, or periodical, 
unless such facilities are owned or controlled by 
any political party, political committee, or can-
didate. 
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‘‘(C) INTENT NOT REQUIRED.—A disburse-
ment for an item described in subparagraph (A) 
shall be treated as a disbursement for a Federal 
judicial nomination communication regardless 
of the intent of the person making the disburse-
ment.’’. 
SEC. 203. COORDINATION WITH FINCEN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Financial 
Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the 
Treasury shall provide the Federal Election Commission 
with such information as necessary to assist in admin-
istering and enforcing section 324 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971, as amended by this title. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Chairman of the Federal 
Election Commission, in consultation with the Director of 
the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the De-
partment of the Treasury, shall submit to Congress a re-
port with recommendations for providing further legisla-
tive authority to assist in the administration and enforce-
ment of such section 324. 
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SEC. 204. APPLICATION OF FOREIGN MONEY BAN TO DIS-
BURSEMENTS FOR CAMPAIGN-RELATED DIS-
BURSEMENTS 
CONSISTING 
OF 
COVERED 
TRANSFERS. 
Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)(A)), as amended by 
section 101, is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘includes any disbursement’’ 
and inserting ‘‘includes— 
‘‘(A) any disbursement’’; 
(2) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing ‘‘; and’’, and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(B) any disbursement, other than a dis-
bursement described in section 324(a)(3)(A), to 
another person who made a campaign-related 
disbursement consisting of a covered transfer 
(as described in section 324) during the 2-year 
period ending on the date of the disburse-
ment.’’. 
SEC. 205. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING IMPLEMENTA-
TION. 
It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Election 
Commission should simplify the process for filing any dis-
closure required under the provisions of, and amendments 
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made by, this title in order to ensure that such process 
is as easy and accessible as possible. 
SEC. 206. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this title shall apply with 
respect to disbursements made on or after January 1, 
2024, and shall take effect without regard to whether or 
not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated 
regulations to carry out such amendments. 
TITLE III—OTHER 
ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 
SEC. 301. PETITION FOR CERTIORARI. 
Section 307(a)(6) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30107(a)(6)) is amended by in-
serting ‘‘(including a proceeding before the Supreme 
Court on certiorari)’’ after ‘‘appeal’’. 
SEC. 302. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ACTIONS RELATED TO CAM-
PAIGN FINANCE LAWS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title IV of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30141 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 406 the following new 
section: 
‘‘SEC. 407. JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—If any action is brought for de-
claratory or injunctive relief to challenge, whether facially 
or as-applied, the constitutionality or lawfulness of any 
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provision of this Act, including title V, or of chapter 95 
or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or is brought 
to with respect to any action of the Commission under 
chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
the following rules shall apply: 
‘‘(1) The action shall be filed in the United 
States District Court for the District of Columbia 
and an appeal from the decision of the district court 
may be taken to the Court of Appeals for the Dis-
trict of Columbia Circuit. 
‘‘(2) In the case of an action relating to declar-
atory or injunctive relief to challenge the constitu-
tionality of a provision, the party filing the action 
shall concurrently deliver a copy of the complaint to 
the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the 
Secretary of the Senate. 
‘‘(3) It shall be the duty of the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia and the 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Cir-
cuit to advance on the docket and to expedite to the 
greatest possible extent the disposition of the action 
and appeal. 
‘‘(b) CLARIFYING SCOPE OF JURISDICTION.—If an 
action at the time of its commencement is not subject to 
subsection (a), but an amendment, counterclaim, cross- 
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claim, affirmative defense, or any other pleading or motion 
is filed challenging, whether facially or as-applied, the con-
stitutionality or lawfulness of this Act or of chapter 95 
or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or is brought 
to with respect to any action of the Commission under 
chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 
the district court shall transfer the action to the District 
Court for the District of Columbia, and the action shall 
thereafter be conducted pursuant to subsection (a). 
‘‘(c) INTERVENTION BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.— 
In any action described in subsection (a) relating to de-
claratory or injunctive relief to challenge the constitu-
tionality of a provision, any Member of the House of Rep-
resentatives (including a Delegate or Resident Commis-
sioner to the Congress) or Senate shall have the right to 
intervene either in support of or opposition to the position 
of a party to the case regarding the constitutionality of 
the provision. To avoid duplication of efforts and reduce 
the burdens placed on the parties to the action, the court 
in any such action may make such orders as it considers 
necessary, including orders to require interveners taking 
similar positions to file joint papers or to be represented 
by a single attorney at oral argument. 
‘‘(d) CHALLENGE BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.—Any 
Member of Congress may bring an action, subject to the 
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special rules described in subsection (a), for declaratory 
or injunctive relief to challenge, whether facially or as-ap-
plied, the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or 
chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) Section 9011 of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 9011. JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
‘‘For provisions relating to judicial review of certifi-
cations, determinations, and actions by the Commission 
under this chapter, see section 407 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971.’’. 
(2) Section 9041 of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 9041. JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
‘‘For provisions relating to judicial review of actions 
by the Commission under this chapter, see section 407 of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971.’’. 
(3) Section 310 of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30110) is repealed. 
(4) Section 403 of the Bipartisan Campaign 
Reform Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 30110 note) is re-
pealed. 
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SEC. 303. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this title shall take effect 
and apply on the date of the enactment of this Act, with-
out regard to whether or not the Federal Election Com-
mission has promulgated regulations to carry out this title 
and the amendments made by this title. 
TITLE IV—STAND BY EVERY AD 
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Stand By Every Ad 
Act’’. 
SEC. 402. STAND BY EVERY AD. 
(a) EXPANDED DISCLAIMER REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
CERTAIN COMMUNICATIONS.—Section 318 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30120) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(e) EXPANDED DISCLAIMER REQUIREMENTS FOR 
COMMUNICATIONS NOT AUTHORIZED BY CANDIDATES OR 
COMMITTEES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (6), any communication described in para-
graph (3) of subsection (a) which is transmitted in 
an audio or video format (including an internet or 
digital communication), or which is an internet or 
digital communication transmitted in a text or 
graphic format, shall include, in addition to the re-
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quirements of paragraph (3) of subsection (a), the 
following: 
‘‘(A) The individual disclosure statement 
described in paragraph (2)(A) (if the person 
paying for the communication is an individual) 
or the organizational disclosure statement de-
scribed in paragraph (2)(B) (if the person pay-
ing for the communication is not an individual). 
‘‘(B) If the communication is transmitted 
in a video format, or is an internet or digital 
communication which is transmitted in a text or 
graphic format, and is paid for in whole or in 
part with a payment which is treated as a cam-
paign-related disbursement under section 324— 
‘‘(i) the Top Five Funders list (if ap-
plicable); or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of a communication 
which, as determined on the basis of cri-
teria established in regulations issued by 
the Commission, is of such short duration 
that including the Top Five Funders list in 
the communication would constitute a 
hardship to the person paying for the com-
munication by requiring a disproportionate 
amount of the content of the communica-
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tion to consist of the Top Five Funders 
list, the name of a website which contains 
the Top Five Funders list (if applicable) 
or, in the case of an internet or digital 
communication, 
a 
hyperlink 
to 
such 
website. 
‘‘(C) If the communication is transmitted 
in an audio format and is paid for in whole or 
in part with a payment which is treated as a 
campaign-related disbursement under section 
324— 
‘‘(i) the Top Two Funders list (if ap-
plicable); or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of a communication 
which, as determined on the basis of cri-
teria established in regulations issued by 
the Commission, is of such short duration 
that including the Top Two Funders list in 
the communication would constitute a 
hardship to the person paying for the com-
munication by requiring a disproportionate 
amount of the content of the communica-
tion to consist of the Top Two Funders 
list, the name of a website which contains 
the Top Two Funders list (if applicable). 
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‘‘(2) DISCLOSURE STATEMENTS DESCRIBED.— 
‘‘(A) INDIVIDUAL
DISCLOSURE
STATE-
MENTS.—The individual disclosure statement 
described in this subparagraph is the following: 
‘I am llllllll, and I approve this 
message.’, with the blank filled in with the 
name of the applicable individual. 
‘‘(B) 
ORGANIZATIONAL
DISCLOSURE 
STATEMENTS.—The organizational disclosure 
statement described in this subparagraph is the 
following: 
‘I 
am 
llllllll, 
the 
llllllll of llllllll, and 
llllllll approves this message.’, 
with— 
‘‘(i) the first blank to be filled in with 
the name of the applicable individual; 
‘‘(ii) the second blank to be filled in 
with the title of the applicable individual; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the third and fourth blank each 
to be filled in with the name of the organi-
zation or other person paying for the com-
munication. 
‘‘(3) METHOD
OF
CONVEYANCE
OF
STATE-
MENT.— 
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‘‘(C) 
EXCLUSION
OF
CERTAIN
PAY-
MENTS.—For purposes of subparagraphs (A) 
and (B), in determining the amount of pay-
ments made by a person to a person paying for 
a communication, there shall be excluded the 
following: 
‘‘(i) Any amounts provided in the or-
dinary course of any trade or business con-
ducted by the person paying for the com-
munication or in the form of investments 
in the person paying for the communica-
tion. 
‘‘(ii) Any payment which the person 
prohibited, in writing, from being used for 
campaign-related disbursements, but only 
if the person paying for the communication 
agreed to follow the prohibition and depos-
ited the payment in an account which is 
segregated from a campaign-related dis-
bursement segregated fund (as defined in 
section 324) and any other account used to 
make campaign-related disbursements. 
‘‘(6) SPECIAL
RULES
FOR
CERTAIN
COMMU-
NICATIONS.— 
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‘‘(A) EXCEPTION
FOR
COMMUNICATIONS 
PAID FOR BY POLITICAL PARTIES AND CERTAIN 
POLITICAL COMMITTEES.—This subsection does 
not apply to any communication to which sub-
section (d)(2) applies. 
‘‘(B) TREATMENT OF VIDEO COMMUNICA-
TIONS LASTING 10 SECONDS OR LESS.—In the 
case of a communication to which this sub-
section applies which is transmitted in a video 
format, or is an internet or digital communica-
tion which is transmitted in a text or graphic 
format, the communication shall meet the fol-
lowing requirements: 
‘‘(i) The communication shall include 
the individual disclosure statement de-
scribed in paragraph (2)(A) (if the person 
paying for the communication is an indi-
vidual) or the organizational disclosure 
statement described in paragraph (2)(B) 
(if the person paying for the communica-
tion is not an individual). 
‘‘(ii) The statement described in 
clause (i) shall appear in writing at the 
end of the communication, or in a crawl 
along the bottom of the communication, in 
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a clear and conspicuous manner, with a 
reasonable degree of color contrast between 
the background and the printed statement, 
for a period of at least 4 seconds. 
‘‘(iii) The communication shall in-
clude, in a clear and conspicuous manner, 
a website address with a landing page 
which will provide all of the information 
described in paragraph (1) with respect to 
the communication. Such address shall ap-
pear for the full duration of the commu-
nication. 
‘‘(iv) To the extent that the format in 
which the communication is made permits 
the use of a hyperlink, the communication 
shall include a hyperlink to the website ad-
dress described in clause (iii).’’. 
(b) APPLICATION OF EXPANDED REQUIREMENTS TO 
PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS CONSISTING
OF CAMPAIGN- 
RELATED DISBURSEMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 318(a) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 30120(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘for 
the purpose of financing communications expressly 
advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identi-
fied candidate’’ and inserting ‘‘for a campaign-re-
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lated disbursement, as defined in section 324, con-
sisting of a public communication’’. 
(2) CLARIFICATION OF EXEMPTION FROM IN-
CLUSION OF CANDIDATE DISCLAIMER STATEMENT IN 
FEDERAL
JUDICIAL
NOMINATION
COMMUNICA-
TIONS.—Section 318(a)(3) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
30120(a)(3)) is amended by striking ‘‘shall clearly 
state’’ and inserting ‘‘shall (except in the case of a 
Federal judicial nomination communication, as de-
fined in section 324(d)(3)) clearly state’’. 
(c) EXCEPTION FOR COMMUNICATIONS PAID FOR BY 
POLITICAL PARTIES AND CERTAIN POLITICAL COMMIT-
TEES.—Section 318(d)(2) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
30120(d)(2)) is amended— 
(1) in the heading, by striking ‘‘OTHERS’’ and 
inserting ‘‘CERTAIN POLITICAL COMMITTEES’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘Any communication’’ and in-
serting ‘‘(A) Any communication’’; 
(3) by inserting ‘‘which (except to the extent 
provided in subparagraph (B)) is paid for by a polit-
ical committee (including a political committee of a 
political party) and’’ after ‘‘subsection (a)’’; 
(4) by striking ‘‘or other person’’ each place it 
appears; and 
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(5) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(B)(i) This paragraph does not apply to 
a communication paid for in whole or in part 
during a calendar year with a campaign-related 
disbursement, but only if the covered organiza-
tion making the campaign-related disbursement 
made campaign-related disbursements (as de-
fined in section 324) aggregating more than 
$10,000 during such calendar year. 
‘‘(ii) For purposes of clause (i), in deter-
mining the amount of campaign-related dis-
bursements made by a covered organization 
during a year, there shall be excluded the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(I) Any amounts received by the cov-
ered organization in the ordinary course of 
any trade or business conducted by the 
covered organization or in the form of in-
vestments in the covered organization. 
‘‘(II) Any amounts received by the 
covered organization from a person who 
prohibited, in writing, the organization 
from using such amounts for campaign-re-
lated disbursements, but only if the cov-
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ered organization agreed to follow the pro-
hibition and deposited the amounts in an 
account which is segregated from a cam-
paign-related 
disbursement 
segregated 
fund (as defined in section 324) and any 
other account used to make campaign-re-
lated disbursements.’’. 
(d) MODIFICATION OF ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 
FOR CERTAIN COMMUNICATIONS.—Section 318(d) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30120(d)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)(A)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘which is transmitted 
through radio’’ and inserting ‘‘which is in an 
audio format’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘BY RADIO’’ in the heading 
and inserting ‘‘AUDIO FORMAT’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1)(B)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘which is transmitted 
through television’’ and inserting ‘‘which is in 
video format’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘BY TELEVISION’’ in the 
heading and inserting ‘‘VIDEO FORMAT’’; and 
(3) in paragraph (2)— 
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(A) by striking ‘‘transmitted through radio 
or television’’ and inserting ‘‘made in audio or 
video format’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘through television’’ in the 
second sentence and inserting ‘‘in video for-
mat’’. 
SEC. 403. DISCLAIMER REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICA-
TIONS MADE THROUGH PRERECORDED TELE-
PHONE CALLS. 
(a) APPLICATION OF REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 318(a) of the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30120(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘mailing’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘mailing, telephone 
call consisting in substantial part of a prerecorded 
audio message’’. 
(2) APPLICATION
TO
COMMUNICATIONS
SUB-
JECT TO EXPANDED DISCLAIMER REQUIREMENTS.— 
Section 
318(e)(1) 
of 
such 
Act 
(52 
U.S.C. 
30120(e)(1)), as added by section 302(a), is amend-
ed in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by 
striking ‘‘which is transmitted in an audio or video 
format’’ and inserting ‘‘which is transmitted in an 
audio or video format or which consists of a tele-
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phone call consisting in substantial part of a 
prerecorded audio message’’. 
(b) TREATMENT AS COMMUNICATION TRANSMITTED 
IN AUDIO FORMAT.— 
(1) COMMUNICATIONS BY CANDIDATES OR AU-
THORIZED PERSONS.—Section 318(d) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 30120(d)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) PRERECORDED TELEPHONE CALLS.—Any 
communication described in paragraph (1), (2), or 
(3) of subsection (a) (other than a communication 
which is subject to subsection (e)) which is a tele-
phone call consisting in substantial part of a 
prerecorded audio message shall include, in addition 
to the requirements of such paragraph, the audio 
statement required under subparagraph (A) of para-
graph (1) or the audio statement required under 
paragraph (2) (whichever is applicable), except that 
the statement shall be made at the beginning of the 
telephone call.’’. 
(2) COMMUNICATIONS SUBJECT TO EXPANDED 
DISCLAIMER REQUIREMENTS.—Section 318(e)(3) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 30120(e)(3)), as added by sec-
tion 302(a), is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraph: 
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‘‘(D) 
PRERECORDED
TELEPHONE 
CALLS.—In the case of a communication to 
which this subsection applies which is a tele-
phone call consisting in substantial part of a 
prerecorded audio message, the communication 
shall be considered to be transmitted in an 
audio format.’’. 
SEC. 404. NO EXPANSION OF PERSONS SUBJECT TO DIS-
CLAIMER 
REQUIREMENTS 
ON 
INTERNET 
COMMUNICATIONS. 
Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 
title may be construed to require any person who is not 
required under section 318 of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 to include a disclaimer on communica-
tions made by the person through the internet to include 
any disclaimer on any such communications. 
SEC. 405. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this title shall apply with 
respect to communications made on or after January 1, 
2024, and shall take effect without regard to whether or 
not the Federal Election Commission has promulgated 
regulations to carry out such amendments. 
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TITLE V—SEVERABILITY 
SEC. 501. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by 
this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment 
to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitu-
tional, the remainder of this Act and amendments made 
by this Act, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be 
affected by the holding. 
Æ 
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