(2) chapter 3203 of title 54, United States 
Code, the Secretary shall provide recommendations 
to the President on appropriate measures to reduce 
unnecessary impacts that the withdrawal may have 
on critical mineral exploration, development, and 
other mining activities. 
(c) RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLANS.—Before a re-
source management plan under the Federal Land Policy 
and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) 
is updated or completed, the Secretary or Secretary of Ag-
riculture, as applicable, shall, in consultation with the Di-
rector of the United States Geological Survey— 
(1) review a quantitative and qualitative min-
eral resource assessment that was completed or up-
dated during the 10-year period ending on the date 
the resource management plan is updated or com-
pleted or is certified as current by the Director of 
the United States Geological Survey for the geo-
graphic area affected by the resource management 
plan; and 
(2) in consultation with the Departments of 
Commerce and Defense, consider the economic, stra-
tegic and national security value of mineral deposits 
in the impacted geographic area affected by the re-
source management plan. 
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(d) PREVIOUSLY UNDISCOVERED DEPOSIT.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘previously undiscovered deposit’’ means 
a deposit that has been previously evaluated by the United 
States Geological Survey and found to be of low mineral 
potential but upon subsequent evaluation is determined to 
have recoverable quantities of a critical mineral. 
SEC. 202. CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL. 
(a) MORATORIA.—The Secretary may not declare a 
moratorium on issuing leases, claims, or permits on Fed-
eral lands, including on the Outer Continental Shelf, for 
the mining of critical minerals, or related activities. 
(b) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, the Secretary and the Secretary of Agriculture 
may not withdraw Federal lands and waters from entry 
under the mining laws or operation of the mineral leasing 
and mineral materials laws for the mining of critical min-
erals and any mineral commodity from which a byproduct 
of production is a critical mineral if such withdrawal— 
(1) exceeds 5,000 acres in a single withdrawal; 
or 
(2) is of a parcel the exterior boundary of which 
is less than 50 miles away from the exterior bound-
ary of another parcel that was withdrawn during the 
1-year period ending on the date of withdrawal of 
the parcel at issue. 
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(c) PROHIBITION ON RESCISSION OF LEASES, PER-
MITS, OR CLAIMS.—The President or Secretary, or Sec-
retary of Agriculture as applicable, may not rescind any 
existing lease, permit, or claim on the mining and extrac-
tion of any critical mineral or common varieties of sand, 
stone, and gravel on National Forest System or Bureau 
of Land Management land unless specifically authorized 
by an Act of Congress, or upon the lessee, permittee, or 
claimant’s failure to comply with any of the provisions of 
its agreement. 
TITLE III—TECHNOLOGICAL 
INNOVATION 
SEC. 301. MINERAL RESOURCE AND TECHNOLOGY GRANTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the United States 
Geological Survey shall establish a competitive grant pro-
gram to provide grants to eligible entities to conduct stud-
ies, research, and demonstration projects relating to the 
production of critical minerals, including— 
(1) the geologic setting and genesis of United 
States mineral resources in a global context, in order 
to ensure a sustainable supply of minerals for the 
Nation’s future; 
(2) mineral deposits, mineralizing processes, 
and identifying undiscovered resources, provide ob-
jective information and analysis related to minerals 
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issues to support national security, land use, re-
source policy, and environmental or public health 
and safety decision makers; 
(3) collect, compile, analyze, and disseminate 
data and develop and maintain national and inter-
national databases for timely release of information 
to users; 
(4) apply mineral-resource expertise and tech-
nologies to non-mineral-resource issues; or 
(5) studies of mining, mineral extraction, proc-
essing and reclamation technologies. 
(b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—For the purposes of this 
section, the term ‘‘eligible entities’’ means— 
(1) universities, including mining schools; 
(2) State agencies, including State geological 
surveys; and 
(3) private sector organizations with the ability 
to carry out the purposes identified in this section 
that partner with State agencies or universities, in-
cluding mining schools. 
SEC. 302. CARBON SEQUESTRATION USING MINERALIZA-
TION. 
(a) NATIONAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT FOR CARBON 
MINERALIZATION.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this section, the Director of the United 
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States Geological Survey, in consultation with the Director 
of the Bureau of Land Management, the State geological 
surveys, and the Secretary of Energy, shall conduct a na-
tional resource assessment of high potential areas for car-
bon mineralization, both in situ and ex situ, including but 
not limited to utilization of mine tailings. 
(b) PILOT PROJECT.—The Director of the United 
States Geological Survey, in consultation with the Director 
of the Bureau of Land Management and applicable State 
geological surveys, shall conduct a pilot project through 
the Mineral Resources Assessment Training program, es-
tablished under section 402, for the following purposes: 
(1) Identification of new areas of high carbon 
mineralization potential in the United States, both 
in situ and ex situ. 
(2) Further analysis of areas previously identi-
fied by the United States Geological Survey, State 
geological surveys, or other data science agencies as 
high potential areas for carbon mineralization in the 
United States. 
(3) To the extent practicable, evaluation of the 
economic viability of carbon mineralization efforts in 
identified areas. 
(c) DATABASE.— 
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