SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Prison Over-
sight Act’’. 
SEC. 2. CREATION OF AN INSPECTIONS REGIME FOR THE 
BUREAU OF PRISONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 413 of title 5, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) INSPECTIONS REGIME.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COM-
MITTEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional 
committees’ means— 
‘‘(i) the Committee on the Judiciary 
and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 
and 
‘‘(ii) the Committee on the Judiciary 
and the Committee on Oversight and Ac-
countability of the House of Representa-
tives. 
‘‘(B) BUREAU.—The term ‘Bureau’ means 
the Bureau of Prisons. 
‘‘(C) COVERED FACILITY.—The term ‘cov-
ered facility’—
‘‘(i) means a correctional facility oper-
ated by the Bureau; and 
‘‘(ii) does not include a post-incarcer-
ation residential re-entry center. 
‘‘(D) FAMILY ADVOCATE.—The term ‘fam-
ily advocate’ includes— 
‘‘(i) a grandparent, parent, sibling, 
spouse or domestic partner, child, aunt, 
uncle, cousin, niece, nephew, grandchild, or 
any other person related to an individual 
by blood, adoption, marriage, civil union, a 
romantic or fostering relationship; or 
‘‘(ii) a friend of— 
‘‘(I) the incarcerated person; or 
‘‘(II) the family of the incarcer-
ated person. 
‘‘(E) INSPECTOR
GENERAL.—The term 
‘Inspector General’ means the Inspector Gen-
eral of the Department of Justice. 
‘‘(F) OMBUDSMAN.—The term ‘Ombuds-
man’ means the Ombudsman established under 
paragraph (3)(A). 
‘‘(G) REPRESENTATIVE OF AN INCARCER-
ATED PERSON.—The term ‘representative of an 
incarcerated person’ includes paid or unpaid
legal counsel or any other person or entity cho-
sen by an incarcerated person to represent the 
interests of the incarcerated person. 
‘‘(H) SEXUAL ABUSE.—The term ‘sexual 
abuse’ has the meaning given that term in sec-
tion 115.6 of title 28, Code of Federal Regula-
tions (or any successor thereto). 
‘‘(I) STAFF.—The term ‘staff’ means em-
ployees and contractors of the Bureau. 
‘‘(2) INSPECTIONS OF COVERED FACILITIES BY 
THE INSPECTOR GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT
OF
INSPECTIONS 
REGIME.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Inspector 
General shall conduct periodic inspections 
of covered facilities pursuant to the re-
quirements of this subsection. 
‘‘(ii) ACCESS
TO
COVERED
FACILI-
TIES.—The Attorney General shall ensure 
that the Inspector General has access to— 
‘‘(I) any covered facility (includ-
ing the incarcerated people, detainees, 
staff, bargaining unit representative 
organization) in accordance with para-
graph (4); and
‘‘(II) any other information that 
the Inspector General determines is 
necessary to carry out the provisions 
of this subsection. 
‘‘(iii) NOTICE OF INSPECTIONS.—An 
inspection of a covered facility under this 
subsection may be announced or unan-
nounced. 
‘‘(iv) COMMUNITY
INPUT.—In devel-
oping the inspections regime under this 
subsection, the Inspector General is en-
couraged to consult formerly incarcerated 
people, family or representatives of incar-
cerated people, and community advocates. 
‘‘(B) INSPECTION
CRITERIA.—An inspec-
tion of a covered facility under this subsection 
may include an assessment of the following: 
‘‘(i) The policies, procedures, and ad-
ministrative guidance of the facility. 
‘‘(ii) The conditions of confinement. 
‘‘(iii) Working conditions for staff. 
‘‘(iv) The availability of evidence- 
based recidivism reduction programs and 
productive activities, as such terms are de-
fined in section 3635 of title 18, and the
application of earned time credits pursuant 
to section 3632 of title 18. 
‘‘(v) The policies and procedures re-
lating to visitation. 
‘‘(vi) The policies and practices relat-
ing to classification and housing. 
‘‘(vii) The policies and practices relat-
ing to the use of single-cell confinement, 
administrative 
segregation, 
and 
other 
forms of restrictive housing. 
‘‘(viii) The medical facilities and med-
ical and mental health care, programs, pro-
cedures, and policies, including the number 
and qualifications of medical and mental 
health staff and the availability of sex-spe-
cific and trauma-responsive care for incar-
cerated people. 
‘‘(ix) Medical services and mental 
health resources for staff. 
‘‘(x) Lockdowns at the facility. 
‘‘(xi) Credible allegations of incidents 
involving excessive use of force, completed, 
attempted, or threatened violence, includ-
ing sexual abuse, or misconduct committed 
against incarcerated people.
‘‘(xii) Credible allegations of incidents 
involving completed, attempted, or threat-
ened violence, including sexual violence or 
sexual abuse, committed against staff. 
‘‘(xiii) Adequacy of staffing at the 
covered facility, including the number and 
job assignments of staff, the ratio of staff 
to inmates at the facility, the staff position 
vacancy rate at the facility, and the use of 
overtime, mandatory overtime, and aug-
mentation. 
‘‘(xiv) Deaths or serious injuries of in-
carcerated people or staff that occurred at 
the facility. 
‘‘(xv) The existence of contraband 
that jeopardizes the health or safety of in-
carcerated people or staff, including inci-
dent reports, referrals for criminal pros-
ecution, and confirmed prosecutions. 
‘‘(xvi) Access of incarcerated people 
to— 
‘‘(I) legal counsel, including con-
fidential meetings and communica-
tions;
‘‘(II) discovery and other case-re-
lated legal materials; and 
‘‘(III) the law library at the cov-
ered facility. 
‘‘(xvii) Any aspect of the operation of 
the covered facility that the Inspector Gen-
eral determines to be necessary over the 
course of an inspection. 
‘‘(C) INSPECTION SCHEDULE.—An inspec-
tion of a covered facility under this subsection 
shall be conducted on a schedule based on the 
combined risk score of the covered facility as 
described in subparagraph (E) and the fol-
lowing considerations: 
‘‘(i) Higher risk facilities shall receive 
more frequent inspections. 
‘‘(ii) The Inspector General shall re-
evaluate the combined risk score method-
ology and inspection schedule periodically 
and may alter 1 or both to ensure that 
higher risk facilities are identified and re-
ceiving the appropriate frequency of in-
spection. 
‘‘(iii) A determination by the Inspec-
tor General that 1 or more of the criteria
listed in subparagraph (B) should be in-
spected, with regard to a covered facility or 
group of covered facilities. 
‘‘(D) REPORT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 
months after the completion of an inspec-
tion of a covered facility under this sub-
section, or a group of inspections that as-
sess the same or similar issues at more 
than 1 facility, the Inspector General shall 
submit a final copy of the report to the At-
torney General, the appropriate congres-
sional committees, employee representative 
organizations, and the public, that address-
es 1 or more of the following topics: 
‘‘(I) A characterization of the 
conditions of confinement and work-
ing conditions, including a summary 
of the inspection criteria reviewed 
under clauses (ii) and (iii) of subpara-
graph (B). 
‘‘(II) Recommendations made to 
the covered facility to improve safety 
and conditions within the facility, in-
cluding recommendations regarding 
staffing. 
‘‘(III) A recommended timeline 
for the next inspection and assess-
ment, which shall not limit the au-
thority of the Inspector General to 
perform additional inspections and as-
sessments, 
announced 
or 
unan-
nounced. 
‘‘(IV) Any other issues or mat-
ters identified during the inspection of 
the facility or facilities. 
‘‘(ii) CONSULTATION
WITH
STAKE-
HOLDERS.—In 
developing 
the 
rec-
ommendations described in clause (i), the 
Inspector General may consult with stake-
holders, including employee representative 
organizations. 
‘‘(E) RISK
SCORE.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of the Fed-
eral Prison Oversight Act, the Inspector Gen-
eral shall establish methodology and protocols 
for determining the combined risk score of a 
covered facility, which—
‘‘(i) shall be delivered to the appro-
priate congressional committees; and 
‘‘(ii) may be based on— 
‘‘(I) frequency and duration of 
lockdowns; 
‘‘(II) availability of program-
ming; 
‘‘(III) staffing levels; 
‘‘(IV) access to adequate physical 
and mental health resources; 
‘‘(V) incidences of physical as-
sault, neglect, or sexual abuse; 
‘‘(VI) opportunity to maintain 
family ties through phone calls, video 
calls, mail, email, and visitation; 
‘‘(VII) adequacy of the nutrition 
provided; 
‘‘(VIII) amount or frequency of 
staff discipline cases; 
‘‘(IX) amount or frequency of 
misconduct by people incarcerated at 
the covered facility; 
‘‘(X) access of incarcerated peo-
ple to—
‘‘(aa) legal counsel, includ-
ing confidential meetings and 
communications; 
‘‘(bb) discovery and other 
case-related legal materials; and 
‘‘(cc) the law library at the 
covered facility; and 
‘‘(XI) other factors as deter-
mined by the Inspector General. 
‘‘(F) BUREAU RESPONSE TO REPORT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 
days after the date on which the Inspector 
General issues a report under subpara-
graph (D), the Bureau shall respond in 
writing to the inspection report, which 
shall include a corrective action plan. 
‘‘(ii) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—Each 
response and action plan described in 
clause (i) shall be made available to the 
public on the website of the Inspector Gen-
eral. 
‘‘(iii) COMPLIANCE WITH CORRECTIVE 
ACTION
PLAN.—The Inspector General 
may conduct additional inspections or in-
vestigations, announced or unannounced,
‘‘(II) the conditions of confine-
ment, including the availability of 
health care; 
‘‘(III) 
working 
conditions 
of 
staff; 
‘‘(IV) decisions, administrative 
actions, or guidance of the Bureau, 
including those relating to prison 
staffing; 
‘‘(V) inaction or omissions by the 
Bureau, including failure to consider 
or respond to complaints or grievances 
by 
incarcerated 
people 
or 
staff 
promptly or appropriately; 
‘‘(VI) policies, rules, or proce-
dures of the Bureau, including gross 
mismanagement; and 
‘‘(VII) alleged violations of non- 
criminal law by staff or incarcerated 
people that may adversely affect the 
health, safety, welfare, or rights of 
any person; 
‘‘(ii) refer a complainant and others 
to appropriate resources or Federal agen-
cies;