IB 
Union Calendar No. 740 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6227 
[Report No. 115–950] 
To provide for a coordinated Federal program to accelerate quantum research 
and development for the economic and national security of the United States. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 26, 2018 
Mr. SMITH of Texas (Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas, Mrs. COM-
STOCK, Mr. LIPINSKI, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. LUCAS, 
Ms. ESTY of Connecticut, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Ms. BONAMICI, Mr. 
HULTGREN, Mr. BEYER, Mr. KNIGHT, Ms. ROSEN, Mr. BABIN, Mr. 
MCNERNEY, Mr. BIGGS, Mr. TONKO, Mr. MARSHALL, Mr. FOSTER, Mr. 
DUNN, Mr. TAKANO, Mr. HIGGINS of Louisiana, Ms. HANABUSA, Mr. 
NORMAN, Mrs. LESKO, Mr. SCHWEIKERT, Mr. HURD, Mr. BROOKS of 
Alabama, Mr. POSEY, Mr. LOUDERMILK, and Mr. ABRAHAM) introduced 
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology 
SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 
Additional sponsors: Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. WESTERMAN, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, Mr. 
CARBAJAL, and Mr. BALDERSON 
SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on June 26, 2018] 
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A BILL 
To provide for a coordinated Federal program to accelerate 
quantum research and development for the economic and 
national security of the United States. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Na-
tional Quantum Initiative Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.— 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
Sec. 3. Purposes. 
TITLE I—NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE 
Sec. 101. National Quantum Initiative Program. 
Sec. 102. National Quantum Coordination Office. 
Sec. 103. Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science. 
Sec. 104. National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee. 
Sec. 105. Sunset. 
TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 
QUANTUM ACTIVITIES 
Sec. 201. National Institute of Standards and Technology activities and quantum 
workshop. 
TITLE III—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCI-
PLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION 
Sec. 301. Quantum information science research and education program. 
Sec. 302. Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education. 
TITLE IV—DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH AND NATIONAL 
QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS 
Sec. 401. Quantum Information Science Research program. 
Sec. 402. National Quantum Information Science Research Centers. 
Sec. 403. Spending limitation. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act, the following definitions apply: 
(1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advisory 
Committee’’ means the National Quantum Initiative 
Advisory Committee established under section 104(a). 
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(2) COORDINATION OFFICE.—The term ‘‘Coordi-
nation Office’’ means the National Quantum Coordi-
nation Office established under section 102(a). 
(3) INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘‘institutions of higher education’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 101(a) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 
(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means the 
National Quantum Initiative Program implemented 
under section 101(a). 
(5) QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.—The term 
‘‘quantum information science’’ means the storage, 
transmission, manipulation, or measurement of infor-
mation that is encoded in systems that can only be 
described by the laws of quantum physics. 
(6) SUBCOMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Subcommittee’’ 
means the Subcommittee on Quantum Information 
Science of the National Science and Technology Coun-
cil established under section 103(a). 
SEC. 3. PURPOSES. 
The purposes of this Act are to ensure the continued 
leadership of the United States in quantum information 
science and its technology applications by— 
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(4) provide for interagency coordination of Fed-
eral quantum information science and technology re-
search, development, demonstration, and other activi-
ties undertaken pursuant to the Program; 
(5) partner with industry and academia to le-
verage knowledge and resources; and 
(6) leverage existing Federal investments effi-
ciently to advance Program goals and objectives. 
SEC. 102. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall establish a 
National Quantum Coordination Office, which shall have— 
(1) a Director appointed by the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Commerce, the Director of 
the National Science Foundation, and the Secretary 
of Energy; and 
(2) staff that shall be comprised of employees de-
tailed from the Federal agencies that are members of 
the Subcommittee. 
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Coordination Office 
shall— 
(1) provide technical and administrative support 
to— 
(A) the Subcommittee; and 
(B) the Advisory Committee; 
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(2) oversee interagency coordination of the Pro-
gram, including encouraging and supporting joint 
agency solicitation and selection of applications for 
funding of projects under the Program; 
(3) serve as the point of contact on Federal civil-
ian quantum information science and technology ac-
tivities for Government organizations, academia, in-
dustry, professional societies, State governments, and 
others to exchange technical and programmatic infor-
mation; 
(4) ensure coordination between the Multidisci-
plinary Centers for Quantum Research and Edu-
cation established under section 302(a) and the Na-
tional Quantum Information Science Research Cen-
ters established under section 402(a); 
(5) conduct public outreach, including dissemi-
nation of findings and recommendations of the Advi-
sory Committee, as appropriate; 
(6) promote access to and early application of 
the technologies, innovations, and expertise derived 
from Program activities to agency missions and sys-
tems across the Federal Government, and to United 
States industry, including startup companies; and 
(7) promote access, through appropriate Govern-
ment agencies, to existing quantum computing and 
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communication systems developed by industry, aca-
demia, and Federal laboratories to the general user 
community in pursuit of discovery of the new appli-
cations of such systems. 
(c) FUNDING.—Funds necessary to carry out the ac-
tivities of the Coordination Office shall be made available 
each fiscal year by the participating agencies of the Sub-
committee, as determined by the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy. 
SEC. 103. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION 
SCIENCE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall establish, 
through the National Science and Technology Council, a 
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Subcommittee shall include— 
(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
(2) the National Science Foundation; 
(3) the Department of Energy; 
(4) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration; 
(5) the Department of Defense; 
(6) the Office of the Director of National Intel-
ligence; 
(7) the Office of Management and Budget; 
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(8) the Office of Science and Technology Policy; 
and 
(9) any other Federal agency as considered ap-
propriate by the President. 
(c) CHAIRS.—The Subcommittee shall be jointly 
chaired by the Director of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, and the Secretary of Energy. 
(d) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Subcommittee shall— 
(1) coordinate the quantum information science 
and technology research and education activities and 
programs of the Federal agencies; 
(2) establish goals and priorities of the Program, 
based on identified knowledge and workforce gaps and 
other national needs; 
(3) assess and recommend Federal infrastructure 
needs to support the Program; and 
(4) evaluate opportunities for international co-
operation with strategic allies on research and devel-
opment in quantum information science and tech-
nology. 
(e) STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee shall de-
velop a 5-year strategic plan, and 6 years after enactment 
of the Act develop an additional 5-year strategic plan, with 
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periodic updates as appropriate to guide the activities of 
the Program, meet the goals, priorities, and anticipated 
outcomes of the participating agencies. 
(f) REPORTS.—The Chairs of the Subcommittee shall 
submit to the President, the Advisory Committee, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate, and other appropriate committees 
of Congress the strategic plans developed under subsection 
(e) and any updates to such plans. 
SEC. 104. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COM-
MITTEE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall establish a Na-
tional Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee. 
(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Committee estab-
lished by the President under subsection (a) shall consist 
of members from industry, academic institutions, and Fed-
eral laboratories. The President shall appoint members to 
the Advisory Committee who are qualified to provide advice 
and information on quantum information science and tech-
nology research, development, demonstrations, education, 
technology transfer, commercial application, or national se-
curity and economic concerns. 
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(c) MEMBERSHIP CONSIDERATION.—In selecting an 
Advisory Committee, the President may seek and give con-
sideration to recommendations from the Congress, industry, 
the scientific community (including the National Academy 
of Sciences, scientific professional societies, and academia), 
the defense community, and other appropriate organiza-
tions. 
(d) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee shall advise the 
President and the Subcommittee and make recommenda-
tions that shall be considered in reviewing and revising the 
Program. The Advisory Committee shall provide the Presi-
dent and the Subcommittee with an independent assessment 
of— 
(1) trends and developments in quantum infor-
mation science and technology; 
(2) progress made in implementing the Program; 
(3) whether the Program activities, priorities, 
and technical goals developed by the Subcommittee 
are helping to maintain United States leadership in 
quantum information science and technology; 
(4) the management, coordination, implementa-
tion, and activities of the Program; 
(5) the need to revise the Program; 
(6) whether or not there are opportunities for 
international cooperation with strategic allies on re-
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search and development in quantum information 
science and technology; and 
(7) whether national security, societal, economic, 
legal, and workforce concerns are adequately ad-
dressed by the Program. 
(e) REPORTS.—The Advisory Committee shall report, 
not less frequently than once every 2 years, to the President 
on the assessments required under subsection (d) and any 
recommendations to improve the Program. The first report 
under this subsection shall be submitted not later than 6 
months after the date of enactment of this Act. The Director 
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall trans-
mit a copy of each report under this subsection to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Technology of the Senate, the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate, and other appropriate 
committees of the Congress. 
(f) TRAVEL EXPENSES OF NON-FEDERAL MEMBERS.— 
Non-Federal members of the Advisory Committee, while at-
tending meetings of the Advisory Committee or while other-
wise serving at the request of the head of the Advisory Com-
mittee away from their homes or regular places of business, 
may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu 
of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, 
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United States Code, for individuals in the Government serv-
ing without pay. Nothing in this subsection shall be con-
strued to prohibit members of the Advisory Committee who 
are officers or employees of the United States from being 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub-
sistence, in accordance with existing law. 
(g) EXEMPTION.—The Advisory Committee shall be ex-
empt from section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee 
Act (5 U.S.C. App.). 
SEC. 105. SUNSET. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided for in sub-
section (b), the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 
103, and 104 shall terminate on the date that is 11 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(b) EXTENSION.—The President may continue the ac-
tivities under such sections if the President determines that 
such activities are necessary to meet national economic or 
national security needs. 
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TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE 
OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY 
QUANTUM 
ACTIVI-
TIES 
SEC. 201. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM WORK-
SHOP. 
(a) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY ACTIVITIES.—As part of the Program described in 
title I, the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall— 
(1) continue to support and expand basic quan-
tum information science and technology research and 
development of measurement and standards infra-
structure necessary to advance commercial develop-
ment of quantum applications; 
(2) use its existing programs, in collaboration 
with other agencies, as appropriate, to train scientists 
in quantum information science and technology to in-
crease participation in the quantum fields; 
(3) establish or expand collaborative ventures or 
consortia with other public or private sector entities, 
including academia, National Laboratories, and in-
dustry for the purpose of advancing the field of quan-
tum information science and engineering; and 
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(4) have the authority to enter into and perform 
such contracts, including cooperative research and de-
velopment arrangements and grants and cooperative 
agreements or other transactions, as may be necessary 
in the conduct of the work of the Institute and on 
such terms as the Director considers appropriate, in 
furtherance of the purposes of this Act. 
(b) QUANTUM WORKSHOP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall 
convene a workshop of stakeholders to discuss the fu-
ture measurement, standards, cybersecurity, and other 
appropriate needs for supporting the development of 
a robust quantum information science and technology 
industry in the United States. The goals of the work-
shop shall be to— 
(A) assess the current research on the issues 
described in this paragraph; 
(B) evaluate the research gaps relating to 
such issues; and 
(C) provide recommendations on how the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
and the Program can address the research needs 
identified. 
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(2) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology shall transmit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate a sum-
mary report containing the findings of the workshop 
convened under this section. 
(c) FUNDING.—The Secretary of Commerce shall devote 
$400,000,000 to carry out this section, which shall include 
$80,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, to come from 
amounts made available for the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology. This section shall be carried out 
using funds otherwise appropriated by law after the date 
of enactment of this Act. 
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TITLE III—NATIONAL SCIENCE 
FOUNDATION 
AND 
MULTI-
DISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR 
QUANTUM 
RESEARCH 
AND 
EDUCATION 
SEC. 301. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 
AND EDUCATION PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall carry out a basic research and 
education program on quantum information science and 
engineering. 
(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram required under subsection (a), the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation shall carry out activities that 
continue to support basic interdisciplinary quantum infor-
mation science and engineering research, and support 
human resources development in all aspects of quantum in-
formation science and engineering. Such activities shall in-
clude— 
(1) using the existing programs of the National 
Science Foundation, in collaboration with other Fed-
eral agencies, as appropriate, to— 
(A) improve the teaching and learning of 
quantum information science and engineering at 
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the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate 
levels; and 
(B) increase participation in the quantum 
fields, including by individuals identified in sec-
tions 33 and 34 of the Science and Engineering 
Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a; 42 
U.S.C. 1885b); 
(2) formulating goals for quantum information 
science and engineering research and education ac-
tivities to be supported by the National Science Foun-
dation; 
(3) leveraging the collective body of knowledge 
from existing quantum information science and engi-
neering research and education activities; 
(4) coordinating research efforts funded through 
existing programs across the directorates of the Na-
tional Science Foundation; and 
(5) engaging with other Federal agencies, re-
search communities, and potential users of informa-
tion produced under this section. 
SEC. 302. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RE-
SEARCH AND EDUCATION. 
(a) MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RE-
SEARCH AND EDUCATION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in consultation with other Fed-
eral agencies as appropriate, shall award grants to 
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit 
organizations (or consortia thereof) to establish up to 
5 Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research 
and Education. 
(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiving 
an award under this subsection may include institu-
tions of higher education, eligible nonprofit organiza-
tions, and private sector entities. 
(3) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Centers shall 
be to conduct basic research and education activities 
in support of the goals and priorities of the Program 
as determined in title I, to— 
(A) continue to advance quantum informa-
tion science and engineering; 
(B) support curriculum and workforce de-
velopment in quantum information science and 
engineering; and 
(C) foster innovation by bringing industry 
perspectives to quantum research and workforce 
development, including by leveraging industry 
resources and research capacity. 
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(4) REQUIREMENTS.—An institution of higher 
education or an eligible nonprofit organization (or a 
consortium thereof) seeking funding under this section 
shall submit an application to the Director at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such informa-
tion as the Director may require. The application 
shall include, at a minimum, a description of— 
(A) how the Center will work with other re-
search institutions and industry partners to le-
verage expertise in quantum science, education 
and curriculum development, and technology 
transfer; 
(B) how the Center will promote active col-
laboration among researchers in multiple dis-
ciplines involved in quantum research including 
physics, engineering, mathematics, computer 
science, chemistry, and material science; 
(C) how the Center will support long-term 
and short-term workforce development in the 
quantum field; 
(D) how the Center can support an innova-
tion ecosystem to work with industry to translate 
Center research into applications; and 
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(E) a long-term plan to become self-sus-
taining after the expiration of Foundation sup-
port. 
(5) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Centers selected and 
established under this section are authorized to 
carry out activities for a period of 5 years. 
(B) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may re-
apply for an additional, subsequent period of 5 
years on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 
(C) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the ex-
isting authorities of the Foundation, the Director 
of the National Science Foundation may termi-
nate an underperforming Center for cause dur-
ing the performance period. 
(6) FUNDING.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall devote $250,000,000 to 
carry 
out 
this 
section, 
which 
shall 
include 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 
2023, subject to the availability of appropriations, to 
come from amounts made available for Research and 
Related Activities and Education and Human Re-
sources. This section shall be carried out using funds 
otherwise appropriated by law after the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
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(b) GRADUATE TRAINEESHIPS.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may establish a program to 
provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of 
higher education within the United States who are citizens 
of the United States and who choose to pursue masters or 
doctoral degrees in quantum information science. 
TITLE IV—DEPARTMENT OF EN-
ERGY 
RESEARCH 
AND 
NA-
TIONAL QUANTUM INFORMA-
TION 
SCIENCE 
RESEARCH 
CENTERS 
SEC. 401. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 
PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
carry out a basic research program on quantum informa-
tion science. 
(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—In carrying out the pro-
gram required under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
(1) formulate goals for quantum information 
science research to be supported by the Department of 
Energy; 
(2) leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
existing quantum information science research; 
(3) coordinate research efforts funded through ex-
isting programs across the Office of Science; and 
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(4) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
communities, and potential users of information pro-
duced under this section. 
SEC. 402. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RE-
SEARCH CENTERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall en-
sure that the Office of Science carries out a program, in 
consultation with other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
to establish and operate up to 5 National Quantum Infor-
mation Science Research Centers to conduct basic research 
to accelerate scientific breakthroughs in quantum informa-
tion science and technology and to support research con-
ducted under section 401. Such centers shall be established 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and consider 
applications from National Laboratories, institutions of 
higher education, research centers, multi-institutional col-
laborations, and other appropriate entities. 
(b) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiving an 
award under this subsection may include multiple types of 
research institutions and private sector entities. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the Centers developed, constructed, operated, or 
maintained under this section shall serve the needs of the 
Department of Energy, industry, the academic community, 
and other relevant entities to create and develop processes 
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for the purpose of advancing basic research in quantum in-
formation science and improving the competitiveness of the 
United States. 
(d) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall ensure the 
coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
activities of each Center with the activities of— 
(1) other research entities of the Department, in-
cluding the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the 
Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy 
Innovation Hubs; and 
(2) industry. 
(e) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The centers selected and estab-
lished under this section are authorized to carry out 
activities for a period of 5 years. 
(2) REAPPLICATION.—An awardee may reapply 
for an additional, subsequent period of 5 years on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 
(3) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the existing 
authorities of the Department, the Secretary may ter-
minate an underperforming Center for cause during 
the performance period. 
(f) FUNDING.—The Secretary of Energy shall devote 
$625,000,000 to carry out this section, which shall include 
$125,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, 
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subject to the availability of appropriations, to come from 
amounts made available for the Office of Science. This sec-
tion shall be carried out using funds otherwise appropriated 
by law after the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 403. SPENDING LIMITATION. 
No additional funds are authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this 
Act, and this Act and such amendments shall be carried 
out using amounts otherwise available for such purpose. 
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Union Calendar No. 740 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6227 
[Report No. 115–950] 
A BILL 
To provide for a coordinated Federal program to 
accelerate quantum research and development for 
the economic and national security of the United 
States. 
SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Com-
mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, 
and ordered to be printed 
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