IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 585 
Condemning the conflict in Sudan and supporting the people of Sudan, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 13, 2023 
Mrs. KIM of California (for herself, Mr. KILDEE, Ms. JACOBS, Mr. BILIRAKIS, 
Mr. JAMES, Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE, Mr. CASTRO of Texas, Mr. LAWLER, 
Ms. OMAR, Mr. BERA, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. KEAN of New Jersey, and Mr. 
ALLRED) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on the 
Judiciary, and Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently deter-
mined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
RESOLUTION 
Condemning the conflict in Sudan and supporting the people 
of Sudan, and for other purposes. 
Whereas, on November 17, 1958, Lieutenant General 
Ibrahim Abboud of Sudan led the country’s first coup 
after independence, and the first successful coup in post- 
independence Africa; 
Whereas there have been more than 200 coup attempts 
across Africa since the 1958 coup in Sudan, including 
successful coups in Sudan in 1969, 1985, 1989, 2019, 
and 2021; 
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•HRES 585 IH 
Whereas, in 1989, then Brigadier General Omar al Bashir of 
Sudan came to power in a military coup; 
Whereas, in 2019, the Sudanese people bravely stood up for 
democracy and the right to choose their own future, and 
after months of staging protests, President Omar al 
Bashir was overthrown by his own security chiefs, who 
established a Transitional Military Council led by Lieu-
tenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan of the Sudanese 
Armed Forces (SAF) and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo 
(also known as ‘‘Hemedti’’) of the Rapid Support Forces 
(RSF); 
Whereas, on June 3, 2019, after civilians formed a sit-in in 
front of the military headquarters to demand that these 
generals, who had seized power from Bashir under the 
guise of protecting the revolution, hand power to a civil-
ian government, the Transitional Military Council or-
dered security forces to disperse the protesters by force, 
resulting in the deaths of over 100 civilians; 
Whereas, on August 17, 2019— 
(1) the Transitional Military Council, under domes-
tic and international pressure, signed a constitutional 
document with the prodemocracy Forces for Freedom 
and Change (FFC), a broad coalition of political parties 
and civic groups representing the protest movement that 
had pushed for the end of the Bashir regime and a tran-
sition to democracy under civilian rule; and 
(2) a transitional government was formed that al-
lowed the military junta leaders to remain in government 
in a partnership with new civilian authorities nominated 
by the FFC, including Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok 
acting as head of government, for a civilian-led transi-
tional period to a democracy under civilian rule; 
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•HRES 585 IH 
Whereas, on October 25, 2021, Lieutenant General Burhan, 
with the support of Hemedti seized control of the civilian- 
led transitional Government of Sudan through a coup, 
deployed the military to the streets of Khartoum and 
Omdurman, shut down the internet in Sudan, and de-
tained Prime Minister Hamdok and civilian officials; 
Whereas the Sudanese people condemned the coup and 
launched a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience, con-
tinuing the protests for democracy that began in late 
2018, and reflecting a historic tradition of non-violent 
protests led by previous generations in Sudan against 
previous military regime; 
Whereas, in response to public calls for a transition to de-
mocracy under civilian rule after October 25, 2021, Su-
danese security forces arbitrarily detained civilians and 
used excessive and lethal force against peaceful protesters 
that resulted in civilian deaths across the country; 
Whereas the African Union Peace and Security Council con-
demned the coup, rejected the unconstitutional change of 
government, and on October 27, 2021, suspended Sudan 
from the Council until the civilian-led transitional govern-
ment is restored; 
Whereas the United States condemned the coup and called 
for the full and immediate restoration of the transition 
to a democratic government under civilian rule; 
Whereas, on November 21, 2021, military leaders announced 
an agreement to reinstate Abdalla Hamdok as Prime 
Minister of Sudan, but Hamdok resigned in January 
after he was unable to constitute a civilian-led transition 
government; 
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•HRES 585 IH 
Whereas, on December 5, 2022, the Sudanese military an-
nounced a transition framework with a group of FFC 
leaders and some other Sudanese civilian leaders, and in 
such agreement promised to relinquish control of the gov-
ernment to civilian leaders; 
Whereas, in March 2023, the signatories of the Framework 
Political Agreement announced that they would sign a 
final agreement to return the Sudanese Government to 
civilian rule on April 1, 2023, and form a new transi-
tional government, but the April 1 deadline passed with-
out agreement as security sector reform negotiations 
stalled as the timeline and manner for integrating the 
RSF into the SAF raised tensions between the security 
forces; 
Whereas, on Saturday, April 15, 2023, fighting broke out in 
Sudan between the SAF under the leadership of General 
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the paramilitary RSF under 
the leadership of General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo and 
has escalated into a deadly nationwide conflict; 
Whereas this conflict has spread from the Sudanese capital 
of Khartoum to the Darfur region and other parts of 
Sudan, leading to thousands of civilians killed and in-
jured, and a massive displacement and humanitarian cri-
sis in East Africa; 
Whereas this conflict has severely disrupted the delivery of 
humanitarian assistance to the people of Sudan, where 
one-third of all people, nearly 16,000,000, required hu-
manitarian 
assistance 
prior 
to 
the 
conflict 
and 
24,700,000, half of the population, are now in need of 
humanitarian assistance; 
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•HRES 585 IH 
Whereas more than 2,700,000 people have been displaced 
since the conflict began, including over 2,100,000 people 
displaced internally and over 400,000 who have crossed 
into neighboring countries including Chad, Egypt, South 
Sudan, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic; 
Whereas, during this conflict, combatants have used explosive 
weapons in populated areas, including tanks, artillery, 
rockets, and air-delivered munitions, that frequently re-
sult in indiscriminate attacks in violation of international 
humanitarian law; 
Whereas there have been horrifying documented accounts of 
sexual violence perpetrated by armed men during the con-
flict, most of which have been attributed to members of 
the paramilitary RSF; 
Whereas combatants have attacked humanitarian premises 
and health facilities, and looted humanitarian supplies, 
including at least 17,000 metric tons of food aid; 
Whereas, according to the World Food Programme, the num-
ber of individuals acutely food insecure is expected to rise 
to 19,000,000; 
Whereas tens of thousands of those displaced by the conflict 
are women and girls facing distinct risks, and of the 
more than 1,100,000 Sudanese women estimated to be 
pregnant, 29,000 are expected to give birth in the next 
month and will need maternal and newborn health serv-
ices, and at least 4,300 are believed to be in need of 
emergency obstetric care and at risk of death, according 
to the United Nations Population Fund; 
Whereas there have been documented reports of grave viola-
tions against children, including killing and maiming, re-
cruitment of children into armed groups and armed 
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