datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
I
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 276
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify that natural gas
gathering lines are 7-year property for purposes of depreciation.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JANUARY 30, 2001
Mr. SAM JOHNSON (for himself, Mr. WATKINS, and Mr. MCCRERY) introduced
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means
A BILL
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify
that natural gas gathering lines are 7-year property for
purposes of depreciation.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. NATURAL GAS GATHERING LINES TREATED AS
7-YEAR PROPERTY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (C) of section
168(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating
to classification of certain property) is amended by redes-
ignating clause (ii) as clause (iii) and by inserting after
clause (i) the following new clause:
‘‘(ii) any natural gas gathering line,
and’’.
(b) NATURAL GAS GATHERING LINE.—Subsection (i)
of section 168 of such Code is amended by adding at the
end the following new paragraph:
‘‘(15) NATURAL
GAS
GATHERING
LINE.—The
term ‘natural gas gathering line’ means—
‘‘(A) the pipe, equipment, and appur-
tenances determined to be a gathering line by
the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or
‘‘(B) the pipe, equipment, and appur-
tenances used to deliver natural gas from the
wellhead or a common point to the point at
which such gas first reaches—
‘‘(i) a gas processing plant,
‘‘(ii) an interconnection with a trans-
mission pipeline certificated by the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission as an
interstate transmission pipeline,
‘‘(iii) an interconnection with an
intrastate transmission pipeline, or
‘‘(iv) a direct interconnection with a
local distribution company, a gas storage
facility, or an industrial consumer.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply to property placed in service be-
fore, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Æ
HR 2772 IH
(2) ANTITERRORISM
AND
EFFECTIVE
DEATH
PENALTY ACT OF 1996.—Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, title IV of the Antiterrorism and
Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, and the
amendments made by that title, shall apply only to
persons seeking admission, or who become deport-
able, on or after April 24, 1996.
(f) REINSTATEMENT OF REMOVAL ORDERS.—Sec-
tion 241(a)(5) (8 U.S.C. 1231(a)(5)) is repealed, and such
repeal shall apply to all proceedings pending at any stage
as of the date of enactment of this Act and to all cases
brought on or after such date.
SEC. 4. RESTORATION OF PROPORTIONALITY TO GROUNDS
OF REMOVAL.
(a) DEFINITION OF CRIMES INVOLVING MORAL TUR-
PITUDE.—Section 
237(a)(2)(A)(i) 
(8 
U.S.C.
1227(a)(2)(A)(i)) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(i) CRIMES OF MORAL TURPITUDE.—
Any alien who is convicted of a crime in-
volving moral turpitude (other than a pure-
ly political offense or an attempt to commit
such a crime) committed within five years
(or 10 years in the case of an alien pro-
vided lawful permanent residence status
under section 245(j)) for which the alien is
Nothwithstanding’’ and all that follows through
‘‘During such period, for’’ in subparagraph (B) and
inserting ‘‘For’’.
(d) CMS REPORT ON ENROLLMENT AND PARTICIPA-
TION RATES UNDER TMA.—Section 1925 of such Act,
as amended by subsections (a)(2) and (c), is amended by
adding at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(g) ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.—
‘‘(1) COLLECTION AND REPORTING OF PARTICI-
PATION INFORMATION.—Each State shall—
‘‘(A) collect and submit to the Secretary,
in a format specified by the Secretary, informa-
tion on average monthly enrollment and average
monthly participation rates for adults and chil-
dren under this section; and
‘‘(B) make such information publicly avail-
able.
Such information shall be submitted under subpara-
graph (A) at the same time and frequency in which
other enrollment information under this title is sub-
mitted to the Secretary. Using such information, the
Secretary shall submit to Congress annual reports
concerning such rates.’’.
I
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2778
To protect ability of law enforcement to effectively investigate and prosecute
illegal gun sales and protect the privacy of the American people.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AUGUST 2, 2001
Mrs. MCCARTHY of New York (for herself, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. PASCRELL,
Mr. WEINER, Mr. CAPUANO, Mrs. MALONEY of New York, Mr. CROW-
LEY, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. SOLIS, Mr. NADLER, Ms. NORTON, Mr.
MORAN of Virginia, Mrs. TAUSCHER, and Mrs. LOWEY) introduced the
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To protect ability of law enforcement to effectively investigate
and prosecute illegal gun sales and protect the privacy
of the American people.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Gun Sale Anti-Fraud
and Privacy Protection Act’’.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that—
(e) COORDINATION OF WORK.—Section 1925(g) of
such Act, as added by subsection (d), is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new paragraph:
‘‘(2) COORDINATION
WITH
ADMINISTRATION
FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES.—The Administrator
of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, in
carrying out this section, shall work with the Assist-
ant Secretary for the Administration for Children
and Families to develop guidance or other technical
assistance for States regarding best practices in
guaranteeing access to transitional medical assist-
ance under this section.’’.
(f) ELIMINATION
OF
TMA REQUIREMENT
FOR
STATES THAT EXTEND COVERAGE TO CHILDREN AND
PARENTS THROUGH 185 PERCENT OF POVERTY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1925 of such Act is
further amended by adding at the end the following
new subsection:
‘‘(h) PROVISIONS OPTIONAL FOR STATES THAT EX-
TEND COVERAGE TO CHILDREN AND PARENTS THROUGH
185 PERCENT OF POVERTY.—A State may (but is not re-
quired to) meet the requirements of subsections (a) and
(b) if it provides for medical assistance under this title
(whether under section 1931, through a waiver under sec-
tion 1115, or otherwise) to families (including both chil-
HR 2772 IH
ent, spouse, son or daughter of a United
States citizen or of an alien lawfully admit-
ted for permanent residence if it is estab-
lished to the satisfaction of the Attorney
General that the refusal of admission to
the United States of such immigrant alien
would result in hardship to the alien or to
the citizen or lawfully resident parent,
spouse, son, or daughter of such an
alien.’’.
(2) 
DEPORTABILITY
OF
ALIENS
FALSELY
CLAIMING
CITIZENSHIP.—Section 237(a)(3)(D) of
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1227(a)(3)(D)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
‘‘(iii) WAIVER.—The Attorney General
may, in the discretion of the Attorney Gen-
eral, waive the application of clause (i) in
the case of an immigrant who is the par-
ent, spouse, son, or daughter of a United
States citizen or of an alien lawfully admit-
ted for permanent residence if it is estab-
lished to the satisfaction of the Attorney
General that the removal from the United
States of such immigrant alien would re-
HR 2772 IH
sult in hardship to the alien or to the cit-
izen or lawfully resident parent, spouse,
son, or daughter of such an alien.’’.
(3) DEPORTABILITY OF ALIEN UNLAWFUL VOT-
ERS.—Section 237(a)(6) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(6)) is amended
by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(C) WAIVER.—The Attorney General
may, in the discretion of the Attorney General,
waive the application of subparagraph (A) in
the case of an immigrant who is the parent,
spouse, son, or daughter of a United States cit-
izen or of an alien lawfully admitted for perma-
nent residence if it is established to the satis-
faction of the Attorney General that the re-
moval from the United States of such immi-
grant alien would result in hardship to the alien
or to the citizen or lawfully resident parent,
spouse, son, or daughter of such an alien.’’.
Æ
under a waiver authorized by the Secretary or under
section 1902(r)(2)), as of October 1, 2001, for an
individual to be eligible for medical assistance under
the State plan.
‘‘(b) COMPARABILITY.—Medical assistance described
in section 1905(a)(4)(C) that is made available under a
State plan amendment under subsection (a) shall—
‘‘(1) not be less in amount, duration, or scope
than the medical assistance described in that section
that is made available to any other individual under
the State plan; and
‘‘(2) be provided in accordance with the restric-
tions on deductions, cost sharing, or similar charges
imposed under section 1916(a)(2)(D).
‘‘(c) OPTION TO EXTEND COVERAGE DURING
A
POST-ELIGIBILITY PERIOD.—
‘‘(1) INITIAL
PERIOD.—A State plan amend-
ment made under subsection (a) may provide that
any individual who was receiving medical assistance
described in section 1905(a)(4)(C) as a result of
such amendment, and who becomes ineligible for
such assistance because of hours of, or income from,
employment, may remain eligible for such medical
assistance through the end of the 6-month period
dren and caretaker relatives) the average gross monthly
earning of which (less such costs for such child care as
is necessary for the employment of a caretaker relative)
is at or below a level that is at least 185 percent of the
official poverty line (as defined by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget, and revised annually in accordance with
section 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1981) applicable to a family of the size involved.’’.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Such section
is further amended, in subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1),
by inserting ‘‘, but subject to subsection (h),’’ after
‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of this title,’’
each place it appears.
(g) REQUIREMENT OF NOTICE FOR ALL FAMILIES
LOSING TANF.—Subsection (a)(2) of such section is
amended by adding after and below subparagraph (B), the
following:
‘‘Each State shall provide, to families whose aid
under part A or E of title IV has terminated but
whose eligibility for medical assistance under this
title continues, written notice of their ongoing eligi-
bility for such medical assistance. If a State makes
a determination that any member of a family whose
aid under part A or E of title IV is being terminated
is also no longer eligible for medical assistance under
this title, the notice of such determination shall be
supplemented by a one-page notification form de-
scribing the different ways in which individuals and
families may qualify for such medical assistance and
explaining that individuals and families do not have
to be receiving aid under part A or E of title IV in
order to qualify for such medical assistance.’’.
(h) EXTENDING USE OF OUTSTATIONED WORKERS
TO ACCEPT APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSITIONAL MEDICAL
ASSISTANCE.—Section 1902(a)(55) of such Act (42
U.S.C. 1396a(a)(55)) is amended by inserting ‘‘and under
section 1931’’ after ‘‘(a)(10)(A)(ii)(IX)’’.
(i) EFFECTIVE DATES.—(1) Except as provided in
this subsection, the amendments made by this section shall
apply to calendar quarters beginning on or after October
1, 2001, without regard to whether or not final regulations
to carry out such amendments have been promulgated by
such date.
(2) The amendment made by subsection (g) shall take
effect 6 months after the date of the enactment of this
Act.
(3) In the case of a State plan for medical assistance
under title XIX of the Social Security Act which the Sec-
retary of Health and Human Services determines requires
State legislation (other than legislation appropriating
funds) in order for the plan to meet the additional require-
ments imposed by the amendments made by this section,
the State plan shall not be regarded as failing to comply
with the requirements of such title solely on the basis of
its failure to meet these additional requirements before the
first day of the first calendar quarter beginning after the
close of the first regular session of the State legislature
that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act.
For purposes of the previous sentence, in the case of a
State that has a 2-year legislative session, each year of
such session shall be deemed to be a separate regular ses-
sion of the State legislature.
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4868
To direct the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a test to determine 
the costs and benefits of requiring jet-propelled aircraft taking off from 
Newark International Airport, New Jersey, to conduct ascents over the 
ocean, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 20, 2004
Mr. FERGUSON introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
A BILL 
To direct the Secretary of Transportation to conduct a test 
to determine the costs and benefits of requiring jet-
propelled aircraft taking off from Newark International 
Airport, New Jersey, to conduct ascents over the ocean, 
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. TEST OF AIRCRAFT OCEAN ROUTING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In order to examine an option for 
reducing aircraft noise over communities in New Jersey, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a 6-month 
test to determine the costs and benefits of requiring jet-
propelled aircraft to conduct ascents after taking off from 
Newark International Airport, New Jersey, over the 
ocean. 
(b) COMMENCEMENT
DEADLINE.—The Secretary 
shall commence the test under this section not later than 
45 days after the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 2. REPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transpor-
tation shall transmit to Congress a report on the results 
of the test conducted under section 1. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report shall include an analysis 
of the effects on noise reduction of ocean routing of air-
craft taking off from Newark International Airport and 
any recommendations and comments of the Secretary con-
cerning ocean routing of air carrier aircraft taking off 
from Newark International Airport.
Æ
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2776
AN ACT
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the
Federal Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes
Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as the
‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.
Buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal
Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical
Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, shall be known and
designated as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Secu-
rity Complex’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
paper, or other record of the United States to the build-
ings referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security
Complex’’.
Passed the House of Representatives November 13,
2001.
Attest:
Clerk.
I
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2776
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal Aviation
Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City,
New Jersey, as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AUGUST 2, 2001
Mr. LOBIONDO (for himself, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. PALLONE,
Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. ROTHMAN, Mr. PAYNE, and Mr. HOLT) introduced
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure
A BILL
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the
Federal Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes
Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as the
‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.
Buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal
Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical
Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, shall be known and
designated as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Secu-
rity Complex’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
paper, or other record of the United States to the build-
ings referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security
Complex’’.
Æ
IIB
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2776
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
NOVEMBER 14, 2001
Received
DECEMBER 20 (legislative day, DECEMBER 18), 2001
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation
AN ACT
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the
Federal Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes
Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as the
‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
that begins on the first day the individual becomes
so ineligible.
‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL EXTENSION.—A State plan
amendment made under subsection (a) may provide
that any individual who has received medical assist-
ance described in section 1905(a)(4)(C) during the
entire 6-month period described in paragraph (1)
may be extended coverage for such assistance for a
succeeding 6-month period.’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
subsection (a) apply to medical assistance provided on and
after October 1, 2001.
SEC. 3. STATE OPTION TO EXTEND THE POSTPARTUM PE-
RIOD FOR PROVISION OF FAMILY PLANNING
SERVICES AND SUPPLIES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1902(e)(5) of the Social
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396a(e)(5)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘eligible under the plan, as
though’’ and inserting ‘‘eligible under the plan—
‘‘(A) as though’’;
(2) by striking the period and inserting ‘‘;
and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(B) for medical assistance described in section
1905(a)(4)(C) for so long as the family income of
HR 2776 RFS
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.
Buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal
Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical
Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, shall be known and
designated as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Secu-
rity Complex’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
paper, or other record of the United States to the build-
ings referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security
Complex’’.
Passed the House of Representatives November 13,
2001.
Attest:
JEFF TRANDAHL,
Clerk.
IB
House Calendar No. 93
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2776
[Report No. 107–279]
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal Aviation
Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City,
New Jersey, as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AUGUST 2, 2001
Mr. LOBIONDO (for himself, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. SAXTON, Mr. PALLONE,
Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. ROTHMAN, Mr. PAYNE, and Mr. HOLT) introduced
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure
NOVEMBER 13, 2001
Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed
A BILL
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the
Federal Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes
Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, as the
‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security Complex’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.
Buildings 315, 318, and 319 located at the Federal
Aviation Administration’s William J. Hughes Technical
Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey, shall be known and
designated as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Secu-
rity Complex’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
paper, or other record of the United States to the build-
ings referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Aviation Security
Complex’’.
House Calendar No. 93
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2776
[Report No. 107–279]
A BILL
To designate buildings 315, 318, and 319 located
at the Federal Aviation Administration’s William
J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City,
New Jersey, as the ‘‘Frank R. Lautenberg Avia-
tion Security Complex’’.
NOVEMBER 13, 2001
Referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be
printed
I
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2777
To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to provide States with options
for providing family planning services and supplies to individuals eligible
for medical assistance under the Medicaid Program.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AUGUST 2, 2001
Mrs. LOWEY (for herself, Mr. CROWLEY, Mr. GILMAN, Ms. DELAURO, Ms.
SLAUGHTER, Mr. WAXMAN, Ms. DEGETTE, Mr. BOEHLERT, Mrs.
MORELLA, Mr. LEACH, and Mrs. BIGGERT) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce
A BILL
To amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to provide
States with options for providing family planning services
and supplies to individuals eligible for medical assistance
under the Medicaid Program.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Family Planning State
Empowerment Act of 2001’’.
SEC. 2. STATE OPTION TO PROVIDE FAMILY PLANNING
SERVICES AND SUPPLIES TO INDIVIDUALS
WITH INCOMES THAT DO NOT EXCEED A
STATE’S INCOME ELIGIBILITY LEVEL FOR
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title XIX of the Social Security
Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.) is amended—
(1) by redesignating section 1935 as section
1936; and
(2) by inserting after section 1934 the fol-
lowing:
‘‘STATE OPTION TO PROVIDE FAMILY PLANNING
SERVICES AND SUPPLIES
‘‘SEC. 1935. (a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to sub-
sections (b) and (c), a State may elect (through a State
plan amendment) to make medical assistance described in
section 1905(a)(4)(C) available to any individual whose
family income does not exceed the greater of—
‘‘(1) 185 percent of the income official poverty
line (as defined by the Office of Management and
Budget, and revised annually in accordance with sec-
tion 673(2) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation
Act of 1981) applicable to a family of the size in-
volved; or
‘‘(2) the eligibility income level (expressed as a
percent of such poverty line) that has been specified
I
107TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 2779
To repeal section 641 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996, which requires the collection of information
regarding nonimmigrant foreign students and other exchange program
participants.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
AUGUST 2, 2001
Ms. MCCOLLUM (for herself, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. FILNER,
Mr. MCGOVERN, and Mr. OBERSTAR) introduced the following bill; which
was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To repeal section 641 of the Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, which re-
quires the collection of information regarding non-
immigrant foreign students and other exchange program
participants.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘International Students
Reporting Act’’.
SEC. 2. REPEAL OF PROGRAM TO COLLECT INFORMATION
RELATING TO NONIMMIGRANT FOREIGN STU-
DENTS AND OTHER EXCHANGE PROGRAM
PARTICIPANTS.
Section 641 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1372) is
repealed.
Æ