1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(j)), commonly known as 
‘‘Institution Challenge Grants’’. 
(E) The program providing grants for His-
panic-serving institutions established under sec-
tion 1455 of the National Agricultural Re-
search, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241). 
(F) The Initiative for Future Agriculture 
and Food Systems established under section 
401 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
7621) or any substantially similar program or 
authority. 
(G) The integrated research, education, 
and extension competitive grants program es-
tablished under section 406 of the Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Education Reform 
Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626). 
(8) COMPETITIVE
PROGRAM
CRITICAL
BASE 
FUNDING.—The term ‘‘competitive program critical 
base funding’’ means the aggregate amount of Fed-
eral funds made available for all or individual com-
petitive programs for fiscal year 2007, as appro-
priate. 
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(9) COUNCIL.—The term ‘‘Council’’ means The 
National Agriculture, Research, Extension, Edu-
cation, and Economics Advisory Board. 
(10) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Agriculture. 
(11) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the National Institutes for Food and 
Agriculture. 
(12) EXTRAMURAL ACTIVITY.—The term ‘‘ex-
tramural activity’’ includes each program and re-
lated activity administered or otherwise carried out 
by the entities or under an authority described in 
paragraph (5). 
(13) FUNDAMENTAL
RESEARCH.—The term 
‘‘fundamental research’’ means research that, as de-
termined by the Director— 
(A) advances the frontiers of knowledge so 
as to lead to practical results or to further sci-
entific discovery; and 
(B) has an effect on— 
(i) agriculture, food, forestry, human 
health, or another purpose of this Act; 
(ii) a priority area of the National In-
stitutes for Food and Agriculture; or 
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(iii) another goal or purpose of a Na-
tional Institutes for Food and Agriculture 
program. 
(14) INSULAR AREA INSTITUTION.—The term 
‘‘Insular Area Institution’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘eligible institution’’ in section 1489 of the 
National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3361). 
(15) NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR FOOD AND AG-
RICULTURE.—The term ‘‘National Institutes for 
Food and Agriculture’’ means the National Insti-
tutes for Food and Agriculture established under 
section 101. 
(16) NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR FOOD AND AG-
RICULTURE PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘National Insti-
tutes for Food and Agriculture program’’ includes 
each capacity program, competitive program, and 
any other program, authority, power, or activity of 
the National Institutes for Food and Agriculture, in-
cluding those described in section 101. 
(17) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Agriculture. 
(18) SMALL 1862 LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS.— 
The term ‘‘Small 1862 Land-Grant Institution’’ 
means each 1862 institution that received, for the 3 
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fiscal years immediately preceding the applicable fis-
cal year (based on a 3-year rolling average), less 
than 1 percent of— 
(A) in the case of a fiscal year beginning 
before the date of the enactment of this Act 
and the implementation of the National Insti-
tutes for Food and Agriculture programs (as 
determined by the Director), the funds received 
by each such institution from among available 
programs of the Cooperative State Research, 
Education, and Extension Service; and 
(B) in the case of a fiscal year beginning 
after the date of the enactment of this Act and 
the implementation of the National Institutes 
for Food and Agriculture programs (as deter-
mined by the Director), the funds received by 
each such institution from among available Na-
tional Institutes for Food and Agriculture pro-
grams, other than funds reserved or distributed 
under paragraph (2)(B)(ii)(I), (2)(C)(ii)(I), or 
(3)(A)(ii) of section 105(c). 
(19) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means— 
(A) each of the several States of the 
United States; 
(B) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; 
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(C) Guam; 
(D) American Samoa; 
(E) the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands; 
(F) the Federated States of Micronesia; 
(G) the Republic of the Marshall Islands; 
and 
(H) the United States Virgin Islands. 
(20) UNITED
STATES.—The term ‘‘United 
States’’, when used in a geographical sense, means 
all of the States. 
TITLE I—NATIONAL INSTITUTES 
FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 
SEC. 101. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR 
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established within 
the Department an agency to be known as the ‘‘Na-
tional Institutes for Food and Agriculture’’. 
(2) MEMBERS.—The National Institutes for 
Food and Agriculture shall consist of— 
(A) the Director; 
(B) the Council; 
(C) the individual institutes established 
under section 103; and 
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(D) the staff and employees of National 
Institutes for Food and Agriculture. 
(b) AUTHORITIES.— 
(1) TRANSFER
OF
AUTHORITIES.—There are 
transferred to National Institutes for Food and Ag-
riculture the authorities (including all budget au-
thorities and personnel), duties, obligations, and re-
lated legal and administrative functions prescribed 
by law or otherwise granted to the Secretary, the 
Department, or any other agency or official of the 
Department under— 
(A) the capacity programs; 
(B) the competitive programs; 
(C) the research, education, economic, co-
operative State research programs, cooperative 
extension and education programs, international 
programs, and other functions and authorities 
delegated by the Secretary to— 
(i) the Under Secretary of Agriculture 
for Research, Education, and Economics 
(including under section 251 of the Fed-
eral Crop Insurance Reform and Depart-
ment of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 
1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971)); and 
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