HR 1228 RFS
SEC. 2. FINDINGS; STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) The stability and territorial unity of Libya 
is critical to the security of the United States, Eu-
rope, North Africa, and the Sahel, as well as mari-
time routes in the southern Mediterranean Sea. 
(2) 
United 
States 
Africa 
Command 
(AFRICOM) has identified containing instability in 
Libya as one of its six main lines of effort in Africa 
and works to support diplomatic efforts to reconsti-
tute the Libyan State and to disrupt terrorist orga-
nizations that impede that process or threaten 
United States interests. 
(3) According to the Defense Intelligence Agen-
cy, the Islamic State in Libya (ISIS-Libya) is ‘‘de-
graded’’. However, AFRICOM continues to ‘‘keep 
pressure on ISIS and other violent extremist organi-
zations as they seek to take advantage of the secu-
rity vacuum created by the civil war in Libya’’. 
(4) According to the United Nations, since 
April 2019, the conflict in Libya has led to the 
deaths of more than 500 civilians and the displace-
ment of more than 200,000 people. 
(5) Parties to the conflict in Libya have killed 
civilians, committed torture and abuse, committed 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
mass extrajudicial killings, requisitioned the houses 
of civilians, targeted medical facilities, and blocked 
humanitarian access to food, health, and other life- 
saving services, worsening humanitarian conditions. 
(6) According to the United Nations, as of No-
vember 2020, more than 574,000 migrants and refu-
gees remained in Libya and the ‘‘continued arbitrary 
detention of migrants and refugees in formal deten-
tion centers and at informal smuggler sites remains 
a critical concern in Libya’’. Migrants and refugees, 
including women and children, are routinely sub-
jected to discrimination, arrest, arbitrary detention, 
torture and other human rights violations and 
abuses. The United Nations has called for the imme-
diate release, evacuation, and protection of refugees 
and migrants detained in conflict zones. 
(7) In November 2019, the Government of the 
National Accord (GNA) and the Government of Tur-
key signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 
maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean Sea. 
(8) The Department of State’s 2020 Traf-
ficking in Persons Report states with regard to 
Libya ‘‘Trafficking victims—including men, women, 
and children—are highly vulnerable to extreme vio-
lence and other human rights violations in Libya by 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
governmental and non-state armed groups, includ-
ing: physical, sexual, and verbal assault; abduction 
for ransom; extortion; arbitrary killings; inhumane 
detention; and child soldiering. . ..Migrants in 
Libya are extremely vulnerable to sex and labor traf-
ficking [and . . .] are vulnerable to exploitation by 
state and non-state actors, including employers who 
refuse to pay laborers’ wages.’’. 
(9) A November 2020 Department of Defense 
Inspector General report estimated there are ap-
proximately 2,000 mercenary forces affiliated with 
the Wagner Group, a Russian private military com-
pany, as well as approximately 2,000 Russian- 
backed Syrian fighters, advanced equipment, and ad-
vanced capabilities supporting Khalifa Haftar’s Lib-
yan National Army (LNA) and Russian objectives in 
North Africa. 
(10) The most recent AFRICOM posture state-
ment claims, ‘‘Russia continues to harvest benefits 
from the instability in Libya—its military meddling 
has prolonged the conflict and exacerbated casualties 
and humanitarian suffering.’’. 
(11) The Department of Defense Inspector 
General reported that, ‘‘Turkey has hundreds of reg-
ular military personnel deployed to Libya in order to 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
train GNA-aligned militias and to operate Turkish 
military equipment’’ and sent thousands of Syrian 
mercenaries to Libya in support of the GNA. 
(12) On January 19, 2020, at a peace con-
ference in Berlin, representatives of the Govern-
ments of Algeria, China, Egypt, France, Germany, 
Italy, Russia, Turkey, the Republic of Congo, the 
United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and 
the United States, as well as regional and multilat-
eral organizations, agreed to refrain from inter-
ference in Libya’s internal affairs, abide by the 
United Nations arms embargo, and advance a 55- 
point communique to resolve the conflict in Libya. 
(13) On February 13, 2020, the United Na-
tions Security Council adopted Resolution 2510, 
which endorses the Conclusions of the International 
Conference on Libya held in Berlin, affirms the need 
for a lasting ceasefire, demands full compliance by 
all member states with the United Nations arms em-
bargo, and expresses unequivocal support for the 
United Nations Special Representative and the ongo-
ing United Nations Support Mission in Libya 
(UNSMIL)-facilitated intra-Libyan dialogue. 
(14) On October 23, 2020, the warring parties 
in Libya agreed a ceasefire, which called for the 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
withdrawal of all armed forces from conflict lines 
and the departure of all mercenaries and foreign 
fighters within three months, and was hailed by 
United Nations Secretary General Anto´nio Guterres 
as ‘‘a fundamental step toward peace and stability 
in Libya’’. 
(15) On January 19, 2021, United Nations 
Secretary General Guterres recommended that re-
gional and international powers ensure the ‘‘depar-
ture of all foreign fighters and mercenaries from 
Libya and full and unconditional respect for the Se-
curity Council arms embargo’’ and urged the Secu-
rity Council to ‘‘give UNSMIL a clear but flexible 
mandate to enable the Mission to support the Liby-
an-led and Libyan-owned ceasefire monitoring mech-
anism’’. 
(16) On January 21, 2021, the United States 
joined the Governments of France, Germany, Italy, 
and the United Kingdom to remind all Berlin Con-
ference participants of the need to ‘‘continue to sup-
port a ceasefire, restore full respect for the UN arms 
embargo, and end the toxic foreign interference that 
undermines the aspirations of all Libyans to reestab-
lish their sovereignty and choose their future peace-
fully through national elections’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
(17) On March 11, 2021, the United States 
joined with France, Germany, Italy, and the United 
Kingdom to welcome Libya’s Government of Na-
tional Unity and reiterate it will ‘‘have the primary 
tasks of organizing free and fair elections on Decem-
ber 24, 2021, followed by a transfer of authority to 
Libya’s democratically chosen leaders’’. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to advance a peaceful resolution to the con-
flict in Libya through a United Nations-mediated 
Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process as the 
best way to secure United States interests and to 
ensure the sovereignty, independence, territorial in-
tegrity, and national unity of Libya; 
(2) to support the implementation of United 
Nations Security Council Resolutions 1970 (2011) 
and 1973 (2011), which established an arms embar-
go on Libya, and subsequent resolutions modifying 
and extending the embargo; 
(3) to enforce Executive Order 13726 (81 Fed. 
Reg. 23559; relating to blocking property and sus-
pending entry into the United States of persons con-
tributing to the situation in Libya (April 19, 2016)), 
designed to target individuals or entities who 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
‘‘threaten the peace, security, and stability of 
Libya’’; 
(4) to oppose attacks on civilians, medical work-
ers, and critical infrastructure, including water sup-
plies, in Libya, and to support accountability for 
those engaged in such heinous actions; 
(5) to support Libya’s sovereignty, independ-
ence, territorial integrity, and national unity con-
sistent with United Nations Security Council Resolu-
tion 2510 (2020) and all predecessor resolutions 
with respect to Libya, including by— 
(A) taking action to end the violence and 
flow of arms; 
(B) rejecting attempts by any party to il-
licitly export Libya’s oil; and 
(C) urging the withdrawal of foreign mili-
tary and mercenary forces; 
(6) to leverage diplomatic relations to convince 
the parties to the conflict in Libya to maintain the 
current ceasefire and persuade foreign powers to 
stop providing personnel, including mercenaries, 
weapons, and financing that threaten to reignite the 
conflict; 
(7) to support the Libyan Political Dialogue 
and advance the inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan- 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
owned political process, including elections planned 
for December 2021; 
(8) to support a negotiated and peaceful polit-
ical solution that includes a single, unified, inclusive, 
and effective Libyan Government approved by the 
Libyan House of Representatives, the end of a tran-
sitional period achieved through free, fair, inclusive, 
and credible elections planned for December 2021, a 
fair and transparent allocation of resources, interim 
security arrangements, and a process for the reunifi-
cation of Libyan government ministries and Libyan 
sovereign institutions, including the Central Bank of 
Libya, the National Oil Corporation, and the Libyan 
Investment Authority; 
(9) to help protect Libya’s civilian population 
and implementing humanitarian and international 
organizations from the risk of harm resulting from 
explosive hazards such as landmines, improvised ex-
plosive devices (IEDs), and unexploded ordnance 
(UXO); 
(10) to support constant, unimpeded, and reli-
able humanitarian access to those in need and to 
hold accountable those who impede or threaten the 
delivery of humanitarian assistance; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
(11) to seek to bring an end to severe forms of 
trafficking in persons such as slavery, forced labor, 
and sexual exploitation, including with respect to mi-
grants; 
(12) to advocate for the immediate release and 
safe evacuations of detained refugees and migrants 
trapped by the fighting in Libya; 
(13) 
to 
encourage 
implementation 
of 
UNSMIL’s plan for the organized and gradual clo-
sure of migrant detention centers in Libya; 
(14) to support greater defense institutional ca-
pacity building after a comprehensive political settle-
ment; 
(15) to support current and future democratic 
and economic development; and 
(16) to discourage all parties from heightening 
tensions in the region, through unhelpful and pro-
vocative actions. 
TITLE 
I—IDENTIFYING 
CHAL-
LENGES 
TO 
STABILITY 
IN 
LIBYA 
SEC. 101. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN FOREIGN 
GOVERNMENTS AND ACTORS IN LIBYA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report that includes— 
(1) a description of the full extent of involve-
ment in Libya by foreign governments, including the 
Governments of Russia, Turkey, the United Arab 
Emirates, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, China, Saudi Ara-
bia, and Qatar, including— 
(A) a description of which governments 
have been linked to drone and aircraft strikes 
since April 2019; 
(B) a list of the types and estimated 
amounts of equipment transferred by each gov-
ernment described in this paragraph to the par-
ties to the conflict, including foreign military 
contractors, mercenaries, or paramilitary forces 
operating in Libya; 
(C) an estimate of the financial support 
provided by each government described in this 
paragraph to the parties to the conflict, includ-
ing foreign military contractors, mercenaries, or 
paramilitary forces operating in Libya; and 
(D) a description of the activities of any 
regular, irregular, or paramilitary forces, in-
cluding foreign military contractors, mercenary 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
groups, and militias operating inside Libya, at 
the direction or with the consent of the govern-
ments described in this paragraph; 
(2) an analysis and determination of whether 
the actions by the governments described in para-
graph (1) violate the arms embargo with respect to 
Libya under United Nations Security Council Reso-
lution 2473 (2019) and other relevant Security 
Council resolutions; 
(3) a list of the specific offending materiel or fi-
nancial support transfers provided by a government 
described in paragraph (1) that— 
(A) violate the arms embargo with respect 
to Libya under United Nations Security Council 
Resolution 2473 (2019) and other relevant Se-
curity Council resolutions; 
(B) contribute to civilian death, harm, or 
other violations of international humanitarian 
law; or 
(C) involve weapons of United States ori-
gin or were in violation of United States end 
user agreements; 
(4) a description of the activities of affiliates of 
ISIS, al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and 
Ansar al-Sharia, in Libya; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
SEC. 102. REPORT OF RUSSIAN ACTIVITIES AND OBJEC-
TIVES IN LIBYA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) General Stephen Townsend, Commander of 
United 
States 
Africa 
Command 
(AFRICOM), 
warned in January 2020 that in Libya, Russia seeks 
to ‘‘demonstrate itself as an alternative partner to 
the West’’ and seeks to position itself alongside the 
southern flank of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation (NATO). 
(2) AFRICOM has also stated that the Russian 
military presence in Libya threatens future United 
States military partnerships and counterterrorism 
cooperation by impeding United States access to 
Libya. 
(3) AFRICOM has reported that the Govern-
ment of Russia deployed 14 MiG-29 and Su-24 air-
craft, SA-22 air defense equipment, and mine-resist-
ant ambush protected armored vehicles to Libya to 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
support Russian state-sponsored private military 
contractors, including the Wagner Group. 
(4) In January 2021, United States officials 
told the international press that mercenaries affili-
ated with the Wagner Group were constructing so-
phisticated defensive fortifications in central Libya. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report 
that contains an assessment of Russian activities 
and objectives in Libya, including— 
(A) the potential threat such activities pose 
to the United States, southern Europe, NATO, 
and partners in the Mediterranean Sea and 
North African region; 
(B) the direct role of Russia in Libyan fi-
nancial affairs, to include issuing and printing 
currency; 
(C) Russia’s use of mercenaries, military 
contractors, equipment, and paramilitary forces 
in Libya; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
(D) an assessment of sanctions and other 
policies adopted by United States partners and 
allies against the Wagner Group and its desta-
bilizing activities in Libya, including sanctions 
on Yevgeny Prigozhin. 
(2) FORM.—The report required by paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
contain a classified annex. 
SEC. 103. DETERMINATION OF SANCTIONABLE ACTIVITIES 
OF THE LIBYAN NATIONAL ARMY WITH RE-
SPECT TO SYRIA. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the President shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
a list of members of the Libyan National Army (LNA), 
and details of their activities, that the President deter-
mines are knowingly responsible for sanctionable offenses 
pursuant to— 
(1) section 7412 of the Caesar Syria Civilian 
Protection Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 8791 note; 133 
Stat. 2292); or 
(2) Executive Order 13582 (76 Fed. Reg. 
52209; relating to blocking property of the Govern-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
ment of Syria and prohibiting certain transactions 
with respect to Syria (August 17, 2011)). 
TITLE II—ACTIONS TO ADDRESS 
FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN 
LIBYA 
SEC. 201. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PER-
SONS LEADING, DIRECTING, OR SUPPORTING 
CERTAIN FOREIGN GOVERNMENT INVOLVE-
MENT IN LIBYA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall im-
pose each of the sanctions described in section 204 with 
respect to each foreign person who the President deter-
mines knowingly engages in an activity described in sub-
section (b). 
(b) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—A foreign person en-
gages in an activity described in this subsection if the per-
son leads, directs, or provides significant financial, mate-
rial, or technological support to, or knowingly engages in 
a significant transaction with, a non-Libyan foreign per-
son who is— 
(1) in Libya in a military or commercial capac-
ity as a military contractor, mercenary, or part of a 
paramilitary force; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS
HR 1228 RFS
(2) engaged in significant actions that threaten 
the peace, security, or stability of Libya. 
SEC. 202. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PER-
SONS THREATENING THE PEACE OR STA-
BILITY OF LIBYA. 
(a) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President shall 
impose each of the sanctions described in section 204 with 
respect to each foreign person on the list required by sub-
section (b). 
(b) LIST.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a list of— 
(1) foreign persons, including senior govern-
ment officials, militia leaders, paramilitary leaders, 
and other persons who provide significant support to 
militia or paramilitary groups in Libya, that the 
President determines are knowingly— 
(A) engaged in significant actions or poli-
cies that threaten the peace, security, or sta-
bility of Libya, including any supply of arms or 
related materiel in violation of a United Nations 
Security Council resolution with respect to 
Libya; 
(B) engaged in significant actions or poli-
cies that obstruct, undermine, delay, or impede, 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:39 Sep 30, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1228.RFS
H1228
kjohnson on DSK79L0C42PROD with BILLS