many other uses that enhance sustainable recovery 
and development. 
‘‘(5) Risk education bolsters the life-saving ben-
efits of humanitarian demining activities, helping to 
minimize preventable injuries through community 
engagement, which in turn creates local buy-in and 
awareness of this vital assistance being provided by 
the United States. 
‘‘(6) Many countries lack the equipment, re-
sources and facilities, and technical capacity to prop-
erly manage weapons and ammunition stockpiles. 
Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM) or 
Physical 
Security 
and 
Stockpile 
Management 
(PSSM) programs are security sector partnerships 
based on the shared objectives of preventing the di-
version of weapons, ammunition, and explosives, as 
well as unplanned explosions. 
‘‘(7) These projects include armory and muni-
tions store construction and rehabilitation, and other 
security improvements, weapons and ammunition 
disposal, stockpile management training and guide-
lines, needs assessments, stockpile risk assessments, 
mitigation and management plans, and marking and 
record-keeping. 
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‘‘(8) This assistance, provided to a range of se-
curity forces including local police, is focused on pro-
viding necessary equipment and technical expertise 
in a sustainable way, allowing partners to establish, 
implement, and train in WAM/PSSM best practices 
and compliance, as well as conduct their own safe 
disposal of obsolete weapons, ammunition, and mu-
nitions. 
‘‘(9) These programs not only reduce instability 
and civilian harm from armed violence caused by 
weapons diversion, but also provide the United 
States with key security partnerships. By reducing 
armed violence and instability, these programs can 
play a crucial role in addressing the root causes of 
migration and forced displacement, of particular in-
terest to the United States as it pertains to its 
southern border. 
‘‘(10) Risk education expands the scope of 
WAM/PSSM programs beyond the principal partner-
ships, providing training to local police and commu-
nities on safer and more secure weapons storage and 
salvage through community engagement that also 
saves lives and creates buy-in and awareness of this 
vital assistance that is being provided by the United 
States. 
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‘‘(b) PURPOSES OF HUMANITARIAN DEMINING AND 
CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS ELIMINATION OR SECURING 
ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) HUMANITARIAN DEMINING ACTIVITIES.— 
The purposes of the activities authorized in section 
11(b)(1) are— 
‘‘(A) to ensure the return of affected popu-
lations to the safe access to their homes and 
land; 
‘‘(B) to enable affected populations to safe-
ly and productively utilize land for agriculture; 
‘‘(C) to clear threats from land to permit 
and encourage critical infrastructure and other 
development; 
‘‘(D) to educate affected populations about 
the dangers of landmines and other unexploded 
ordnance as well as United States efforts to 
provide the lifesaving benefits of humanitarian 
demining activities; and 
‘‘(E) to integrate humanitarian demining 
and related activities with other assistance to 
ensure effective recovery from conflict. 
‘‘(2) CONVENTIONAL
WEAPONS
ELIMINATION 
OR SECURING ACTIVITIES.—The purposes of the ac-
tivities authorized in section 11(b)(3) are— 
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‘‘(A) to ensure the safe securing and diver-
sion prevention of weapons, ammunition, and 
explosives in the stores of foreign partners; 
‘‘(B) to build the capacity of the security 
sectors of foreign partners to properly eliminate 
or manage weapons and ammunition stockpiles 
through WAM, PSSM, and related programs; 
‘‘(C) to educate local police and other offi-
cials and the wider population at the local level 
on safer and more secure weapons storage and 
salvage as well as United States efforts to pro-
vide the lifesaving benefits of conventional 
weapons elimination, securing, and manage-
ment; 
‘‘(D) to establish and strengthen security 
cooperation with foreign partners to reduce 
armed violence and instability in support of im-
portant United States national security and for-
eign policy objectives; and 
‘‘(E) to integrate conventional weapons 
elimination and securing and related activities 
with other assistance to ensure effective recov-
ery from conflict.’’. 
Æ 
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