gressional committees a report on the results of the dem-
onstration project. 
SEC. 409. THREATS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in carrying 
out responsibilities under section 302 of the Homeland Se-
curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182), may support research, 
development, testing, evaluation, and transition of tech-
nology that increases the Nation’s preparedness against 
chemical and biological threats and strengthens the Na-
tion’s preparedness and collective response against those 
threats through improved threat awareness and advanced 
surveillance, detection, and protective countermeasures, 
and to enhance the development of border security tech-
nology. 
(b) BIOLOGICAL SECURITY.—To carry out subsection 
(a), the Under Secretary may conduct research to develop 
understanding, technologies, and systems needed to pro-
tect against biological attacks on the Nation’s population 
or infrastructure, including— 
(1) providing advanced planning tools, concepts 
of operations (including alarm resolution protocols), 
and training exercises for responding to and recov-
ering from biological attacks; 
(2) developing biological assays and improved 
detection technology that will operate with faster de-
tection times, lower costs, and the potential for in-
creased geographical coverage to the Nation when 
compared to existing homeland security technologies; 
(3) characterizing threats posed by biological 
weapons, anticipating future threats, conducting 
comprehensive threat and risk assessments to guide 
prioritization of the Nation’s biodefense investments, 
and developing population threat assessments that 
inform the issuance of material threat determina-
tions; 
(4) conducting bioforensics research in support 
of criminal investigations to aid attribution, appre-
hension, and prosecution of a terrorist or other per-
petrator of a biological attack, and providing tools 
and facilities that Federal law enforcement inves-
tigators need to analyze biological threat evidence re-
covered, including operation of the National Bio-
forensic Analysis Center; and 
(5) conducting appropriate research and studies 
that will increase our understanding of and uncer-
tainties associated with risk and threats posed by bi-
ological agents through the Biological Threat Char-
acterization Center and other means as determined 
by the Secretary.
(c) AGRICULTURAL SECURITY.—The Under Sec-
retary may conduct research and development to enhance 
the protection of the Nation’s agriculture and food system 
against terrorist attacks, and other emergency events 
through enhancement of current agricultural counter-
measures, development of new agricultural counter-
measures, and provision of safe, secure, state-of-the-art 
biocontainment laboratories for researching foreign animal 
and zoonotic diseases, including— 
(1) developing technologies to defend the Na-
tion against the natural and intentional introduction 
of selected foreign animal diseases, developing next- 
generation vaccines and diagnostics in coordination 
with the Department of Agriculture, and modeling 
the spread of foreign animal diseases and their eco-
nomic impact to evaluate strategies for controlling 
outbreaks; and 
(2) leading the Department effort to enhance 
interagency coordination of research and develop-
ment of agricultural disease countermeasures. 
(d) CHEMICAL SECURITY.—The Under Secretary 
may develop technology to reduce the Nation’s vulner-
ability to chemical warfare agents and commonly used 
toxic industrial chemicals, including—
(1) developing a robust and enduring analytical 
capability in support of chemical countermeasures 
development, including developing and validating fo-
rensic methodologies and analytical tools, conducting 
risk and vulnerability assessments based on chemical 
threat properties, and maintaining infrastructure in-
cluding the Chemical Security Analysis Center; 
(2) developing technology to detect a chemical 
threat release; and 
(3) developing technologies and guidance docu-
ments to foster a coordinated approach to returning 
a chemically contaminated area to a normal condi-
tion, and to foster analysis of contaminated areas 
both before and after the restoration process. 
(e) RISK ASSESSMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall 
produce risk assessments for biological and chemical 
threats, and shall coordinate with the Director of the 
Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Depart-
ment, the Assistant Secretary of the Office of 
Health Affairs of the Department, and the Assistant 
Secretary of Infrastructure Protection of the De-
partment on an integrated risk assessment, includ-
ing regarding chemical, biological, radiological, nu-
clear, and explosive threats.
(2) USAGE.—The assessments required under 
paragraph (1) shall be used to inform and guide the 
threat assessments and determinations by the Sec-
retary regarding agents and toxins pursuant to sec-
tion 302(9) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 182(9)), and to guide prioritization of 
other homeland defense activities, as appropriate. 
(3) TASK
FORCE.—The Under Secretary for 
Science and Technology shall convene an interagency 
task force of relevant subject matter experts to as-
sess the proposed methodology to be used for each 
assessment required under paragraph (1), and to 
provide recommendations to the Under Secretary as 
to the adequacy of such methodology. 
(f) BORDER SECURITY.—The Under Secretary may 
develop technology, in coordination with the Commissioner 
of Customs and Border Protection, to gain effective con-
trol of the international land borders of the United States 
within 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 
In carrying out such development activities, the Under 
Secretary shall ensure coordination and integration be-
tween new technologies developed and those already uti-
lized by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
SEC. 410. MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND MARITIME 
SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES. 
(a) GLOBAL MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND 
MARITIME SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish capabilities for conducting global maritime 
domain awareness and maritime security technology 
test, evaluation, and transition, as provided in this 
subsection. 
(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of such capabili-
ties shall be to— 
(A) direct technology test, evaluation, and 
transition activities in furtherance of border 
and maritime security; and 
(B) evaluate such technology in diverse en-
vironments including coastal, seaport, and off-
shore locations. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The Secretary, acting through 
the Under Secretary, shall ensure that— 
(1) technology test, evaluation, and transition 
efforts funded by the Department in furtherance of 
border and maritime security avoid duplication of ef-
forts, reduce unnecessary redundancies, streamline 
processes, increase efficiencies, and otherwise com-