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(1) Converting research reactors to low-enrich-
ment fuels, upgrading operational instrumentation,
and sharing of reactors among universities.
(2) Providing technical assistance, in collabora-
tion with the United States nuclear industry, in re-
licensing and upgrading training reactors as part of
a student training program.
(3) Providing funding for reactor improvements
as part of a focused effort that emphasizes research,
training, and education.
(d) 
UNIVERSITY-NATIONAL
LABORATORY
INTER-
ACTIONS.—The Secretary shall develop—
(1) a sabbatical fellowship program for univer-
sity professors to spend extended periods of time at
National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science
and technology; and
(2) a visiting scientist program in which Na-
tional Laboratory staff can spend time in academic
nuclear science and engineering departments. The
Secretary may provide for fellowships for students to
spend time at National Laboratories in the area of
nuclear science with a member of the Laboratory staff
acting as a mentor.
(e) OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS.—Funding
for a research project provided under this section may be
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used to offset a portion of the operating and maintenance
costs of a university research reactor used in the research
project, on a cost-shared basis with the university.
(f) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c)(1), the following
amounts are authorized for activities under this section—
(1) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $37,900,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $43,600,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $50,100,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1243. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for grants for research
relating to nuclear energy.
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under
this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.
SEC. 1244. NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT OPTIMIZATION PRO-
GRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization Program for grants to
improve nuclear energy plant reliability, availability, and
productivity. Notwithstanding section 1403, the program
shall require industry cost-sharing of at least 50 percent
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and be subject to annual review by the Nuclear Energy Re-
search Advisory Committee of the Department.
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under
this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.
SEC. 1245. NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Technology Development Program to de-
velop a technology roadmap to design and develop new nu-
clear energy powerplants in the United States.
(b) GENERATION IV REACTOR STUDY.—The Secretary
shall, as part of the program under subsection (a), also con-
duct a study of Generation IV nuclear energy systems, in-
cluding development of a technology roadmap and perform-
ance of research and development necessary to make an in-
formed technical decision regarding the most promising
candidates for commercial deployment. The study shall ex-
amine advanced proliferation-resistant and passively safe
reactor designs, new reactor designs with higher efficiency,
lower cost and improved safety, proliferation-resistant and
high burn-up fuels, minimization of generation of radio-
active materials, improved nuclear waste management tech-
nologies, and improved instrumentation science. Not later
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than December 31, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to Con-
gress a report describing the results of the study.
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized to be appropriated under section
1241(c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary for activities under this section such sums as are
necessary for each fiscal year.
Subtitle E—Fundamental Energy
Science
SEC. 1251. ENHANCED PROGRAMS IN FUNDAMENTAL EN-
ERGY SCIENCE.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary, acting
through the Office of Science, shall—
(1) conduct a comprehensive program of funda-
mental research, including research on chemical
sciences, physics, materials sciences, biological and
environmental 
sciences, 
geosciences, 
engineering
sciences, plasma sciences, mathematics, and advanced
scientific computing;
(2) maintain, upgrade and expand the scientific
user facilities maintained by the Office of Science and
ensure that they are an integral part of the depart-
mental mission for exploring the frontiers of funda-
mental science;
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(3) maintain a leading-edge research capability
in the energy-related aspects of nanoscience and
nanotechnology, advanced scientific computing and
genome research; and
(4) ensure that its fundamental science pro-
grams, where appropriate, help inform the applied re-
search and development programs of the Department.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
out research, development, demonstration, and technology
deployment activities under this subtitle—
(1) $3,785,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $5,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1252. NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RE-
SEARCH.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Office of Science, shall support a program of research
and development in nanoscience and nanoengineering con-
sistent with the Department’s statutory authorities related
to research and development. The program shall include ef-
forts to further the understanding of the chemistry, physics,
materials science and engineering of phenomena on the
scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.
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(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In car-
rying out the program under this section, the Office of
Science shall—
(1) support both individual investigators and
multidisciplinary teams of investigators;
(2) pursuant to subsection (c), develop, plan,
construct, acquire, or operate special equipment or fa-
cilities for the use of investigators conducting research
and 
development 
in 
nanoscience 
and
nanoengineering;
(3) support technology transfer activities to ben-
efit industry and other users of nanoscience and
nanoengineering; and
(4) coordinate research and development activi-
ties with industry and other Federal agencies.
(c) NANOSCIENCE AND NANOENGINEERING RESEARCH
CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION.—
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—From amounts authorized
to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the
amounts specified under subsection (d)(2) shall, sub-
ject to appropriations, be available for projects to de-
velop, plan, construct, acquire, or operate special
equipment, instrumentation, or facilities for inves-
tigators conducting research and development in
nanoscience and nanoengineering.