IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. CON. RES. 357 
Encouraging all States to enact laws requiring photo identification to vote 
in elections. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2008 
Mr. FEENEY submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred 
to the Committee on House Administration 
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 
Encouraging all States to enact laws requiring photo 
identification to vote in elections. 
Whereas on April 28, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United 
States, in Crawford et al. v. Marion County Election 
Board et al., ruled that the State of Indiana’s law requir-
ing voters to present photo identification when voting is 
constitutional; 
Whereas the Court, in a 6–3 ruling written by Justices Ste-
vens, Roberts, and Kennedy, found that the burden on 
voters to present photo ID is offset by the benefit to vot-
ers and overall electoral integrity of reducing the risk of 
fraud; 
Whereas the Crawford ruling noted that, ‘‘There is no ques-
tion about the legitimacy or importance of a State’s in-
terest in counting only eligible voters’ votes.’’; 
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•HCON 357 IH 
Whereas the Crawford ruling also noted that, ‘‘Indiana’s in-
terest in protecting public confidence in elections, while 
closely related to its interest in preventing voter fraud, 
has independent significance, because such confidence en-
courages citizen participation in the democratic process.’’; 
Whereas the Crawford ruling also noted that, ‘‘The relevant 
burdens here are those imposed on eligible voters who 
lack photo identification cards . . . . Because Indiana’s 
cards are free, the inconvenience of going to the Bureau 
of Motor Vehicles, gathering required documents, and 
posing for a photograph does not qualify as a substantial 
burden on most voters’ right to vote, or represent a sig-
nificant increase over the usual burdens of voting.’’; 
Whereas a Rasmussen Reports telephone survey of likely vot-
ers in early 2008 found that 80 percent of voters believe 
that everyone should be required to show photo identi-
fication to vote, that 13 percent disagree with the photo 
ID requirement, and that 72 percent disagree that re-
quiring photo ID unfairly discriminates against some seg-
ments of the population; and 
Whereas State requirements regarding what, if any, identi-
fication they require voters to present vary greatly: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That Congress— 
(1) strongly encourages all States that have not 
already done so, in light of the recent ruling by the 
Supreme Court of the United States in Crawford et 
al. v. Marion County Election Board et al., to swiftly 
enact laws requiring voters to present current, valid, 
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•HCON 357 IH 
government-issued photo identification based on 
proof of United States citizenship in order to vote in 
elections; and 
(2) applauds those States that have already im-
plemented vigorous photo identification laws to se-
cure the integrity of the democratic process. 
Æ 
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