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(F) indicate relative promotion rates for se-
curity cooperation workforce personnel; and 
(G) include any other matters the Secretary 
of Defense determines appropriate. 
(f) COMPTROLLER GENERAL EVALUATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct an independent eval-
uation of the actions taken by the Secretary of De-
fense to carry out the requirements of this section and 
the amendments made by this section. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than two years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall submit to the Committees on Armed 
Services of the Senate and House of Representatives 
a report on the evaluation conducted under para-
graph (1). Such report shall include— 
(A) an analysis of the effectiveness of the ac-
tions taken by the Secretary to carry out the re-
quirements of this section and the amendments 
made by this section; and 
(B) such legislative and administrative rec-
ommendations as the Comptroller General con-
siders appropriate to meet the objectives of this 
section and the amendments made by this sec-
tion. 
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SEC. 1206. REQUIREMENT FOR MILITARY EXERCISES. 
(a) EXERCISES REQUIRED.—Beginning on January 1 
of the year which begins after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall require the United 
States Central Command or other relevant commands, 
units, or organizations of the United States Armed Forces, 
as the Secretary deems appropriate, to conduct military ex-
ercises that— 
(1) occur not fewer than two times in a calendar 
year; 
(2) shall include invitations for the armed forces 
of Israel, provided that the Government of Israel con-
sents to the participation of its forces in such exer-
cises; 
(3) may include invitations for the armed forces 
of other allies and partners of the United States to 
take part in the exercises; 
(4) seek to enhance the interoperability and effec-
tiveness of the United States Armed Forces, the armed 
forces of Israel, and the armed forces of other allies 
and partners of the United States in coalition oper-
ations; and 
(5) shall include, at a minimum, the following 
activities— 
(A) practicing or simulating large-scale and 
long-range strike missions; 
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(B) practicing the aerial refueling of com-
bat aircraft of the armed forces of Israel by 
United States aerial refueling aircraft; and 
(C) practicing the provision by the United 
States Armed Forces of other enabling capabili-
ties to the armed forces of Israel, including— 
(i) logistics support; 
(ii) intelligence, surveillance, and re-
connaissance; and 
(iii) air defense. 
(b) SUNSET.—The requirements in subsection (a) shall 
terminate one year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Sen-
ate. 
SEC. 1207. REPORT ON END-USE MONITORING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on Department of Defense and Depart-
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ment of State procedures related to alleged violations of re-
quirements imposed by the United States Government with 
respect to use, transfers, and security of defense articles and 
defense services provided to foreign countries pursuant to— 
(1) section 333 of title 10, United States Code 
(relating to authority to build the capacity of foreign 
security forces) or any other authority of the Depart-
ment of Defense to provide defense items to foreign 
countries; and 
(2) Foreign Military Sales under section 36 of 
the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2776). 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report required 
by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) The extent to which the Department of De-
fense and the Department of State coordinate to 
track, report, and investigate violations described in 
subsection (a). 
(2) Any findings of Department of Defense or 
Department of State investigations of such violations 
and the actions taken in response to such findings. 
(3) The extent to which the Department of De-
fense and the Department of State have identified les-
sons learned or designated areas for increased moni-
toring as a result of such investigations. 
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(4) The extent to which the Department of De-
fense and the Department of State have established 
expectations in policy and in transfer agreements re-
garding what would constitute such violations. 
(5) Any lessons learned on end-use monitoring 
with respect to the conflict in Ukraine and the feasi-
bility to apply such lessons to other regions affected 
by conflict. 
(6) Any other matters determined to be appro-
priate by the Comptroller General. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1208. REPORT ON ENHANCED END-USE MONITORING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on enhanced end-use monitoring of de-
fense items provided to foreign countries pursuant to— 
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(1) section 333 of title 10, United States Code 
(relating to authority to build the capacity of foreign 
security forces) or any other authority of the Depart-
ment of Defense to provide defense items to foreign 
countries; and 
(2) Foreign Military Sales under section 36 of 
the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2776). 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report required 
by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) A description of the Department of Defense’s 
process for determining the items subject to enhanced 
end-use monitoring and the factors the Department 
considers in designating items for such monitoring. 
(2) The extent to which, and how, the Depart-
ment of Defense coordinates with the Department of 
State and other agencies in designating items for such 
monitoring. 
(3) The extent to which the Department of De-
fense considers changing conditions in a country or 
region in designating items for such monitoring. 
(4) The extent to which security cooperation or-
ganizations at United States diplomatic missions 
overseas completed such monitoring as required by 
Department of Defense policy in each of the fiscal 
years 2018 through 2022. 
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(5) Any lessons learned on such monitoring with 
respect to the conflict in Ukraine and the feasibility 
to apply such lessons to other regions affected by con-
flict. 
(6) Any other matters determined to be appro-
priate by the Comptroller General. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1209. REPORT ON PARTNER COUNTRY FORCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
report that— 
(1) specifies the number of partner countries 
whose military forces have participated in security 
cooperation training or equipping programs or re-
ceived security assistance training or equipping au-
thorized under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
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U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or chapter 16 of title 10, United 
States Code; and 
(2) lists each instance, during the period begin-
ning on January 1, 2000, and ending on the date of 
the submission of the report, in which a unit of a for-
eign military force trained or equipped under the au-
thorities specified in paragraph (1) subsequently en-
gaged in a coup, insurrection, or action to overthrow 
a democratically-elected government, or attempted 
any such action. 
(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
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Subtitle B—Matters Relating to the 
Middle East and Central Asia 
SEC. 1211. EXTENSION OF CROSS-SERVICING AGREEMENTS 
FOR LOAN OF PERSONNEL PROTECTION AND 
PERSONNEL SURVIVABILITY EQUIPMENT IN 
COALITION OPERATIONS. 
Section 1207(f) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. 
‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 10 U.S.C. 2342 
note) is amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 2024’’ and in-
serting ‘‘December 31, 2029’’. 
SEC. 1212. MODIFICATION OF QUARTERLY REPORTS ON EX- 
GRATIA PAYMENTS. 
Subsection (h)(2) of section 1213 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (10 U.S.C. 
2731 note) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 
by striking ‘‘With respect to a preceding 90-day pe-
riod in which no ex gratia payments were made’’ and 
inserting ‘‘The status of all other pending ex gratia 
payments or requests, including’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘; or’’ and 
inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
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(3) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) (as 
amended) and (B) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), re-
spectively; and 
(4) by inserting before subparagraph (D), as so 
redesignated, the following: 
‘‘(A) when any such request was made; 
‘‘(B) what steps the Department is taking to 
respond to the request; 
‘‘(C) whether the Department denied any 
requests for any such payment, along with the 
reason for such denial;’’. 
SEC. 1213. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO VETTED SYRIAN 
GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS. 
(a) EXTENSION.—Subsection (a) of section 1209 of the 
Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 
113–291; 128 Stat. 3559) is amended in the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘December 31, 2023’’ and 
inserting ‘‘December 31, 2024’’. 
(b) SUNSET.—Subsection (l)(3)(D) of such section is 
amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 2023’’ and inserting 
‘‘December 31, 2024’’. 
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SEC. 1214. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO COUNTER THE 
ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA. 
(a) EXTENSION.—Subsection (a) of section 1236 of the 
Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 
113–291; 128 Stat. 3559) is amended in the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘December 31, 2023’’ and 
inserting ‘‘December 31, 2024’’. 
(b) FUNDING.—Subsection (g) of such section is 
amended by striking ‘‘Overseas Contingency Operations for 
fiscal year 2023, there are authorized to be appropriated 
$358,000,000’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2024, there are 
authorized to be appropriated $241,950,000’’. 
(c) SUNSET.—Subsection (o)(5) of such section is 
amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 2023’’ and inserting 
‘‘December 31, 2024’’. 
SEC. 1215. PLAN OF ACTION TO EQUIP AND TRAIN IRAQI SE-
CURITY FORCES AND KURDISH PESHMERGA 
FORCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than February 1, 2024, 
the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary 
of State, shall develop a plan of action to equip and train 
Iraqi security forces and Kurdish Peshmerga forces to de-
fend against attack by missiles, rockets, and unmanned sys-
tems. The plan of action shall be based on and informed 
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by the results of the report submitted by the Secretary of 
Defense pursuant to section 1237 of the James M. Inhofe 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 
(Public Law 117–263; 136 Stat. 2839). 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The plan required 
by subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) The provision of available equipment to Iraq 
and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region to counter the air 
and missile threats addressed in the report, to include 
air defense systems, to counter attack by missiles, 
rockets, and unmanned systems. 
(2) The provision of appropriate training of 
Iraqi security forces and Kurdish Peshmerga forces to 
support fielding and operational employment of the 
available equipment described in paragraph (1). 
(c) IMPLEMENTATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall 
begin implementation of the plan required by sub-
section (a) not later than 90 days after development 
of the plan. 
(2) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense may 
delay implementation of the plan required by sub-
section (a) if such implementation would adversely 
impact United States stocks and readiness. 
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(3) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—If the Sec-
retary of Defense exercises the waiver authority under 
paragraph (2), the Secretary shall— 
(A) notify the congressional defense commit-
tees of the exercise of such authority and the rea-
son therefor not later than 10 days prior to the 
exercise of such authority; and 
(B) notify the congressional defense commit-
tees of the exercise of such authority every 30 
days thereafter until implementation of the plan 
required by subsection (a) begins. 
(d) CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING.—Not later than July 
1, 2024, the Secretary of Defense should provide to the con-
gressional defense committees a briefing on progress of the 
air defense equipping and training effort against the air 
and missile threat to Iraq, including in the Iraqi Kurdistan 
Region. 
SEC. 1216. EXTENSION OF UNITED STATES-ISRAEL ANTI- 
TUNNEL COOPERATION. 
Section 1279(f) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1079; 22 U.S.C. 8606 note) is amended by striking ‘‘Decem-
ber 31, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2026’’. 
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SEC. 1217. PLAN TO ENABLE ISRAEL TO GAIN OBSERVER 
STATUS IN THE EURO-NATO JOINT JET PILOT 
TRAINING PROGRAM. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall develop a plan 
to enable Israel to gain observer status in the Euro-NATO 
Joint Jet Pilot Training Program (ENJJPT). 
SEC. 1218. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF ANNUAL RE-
PORT ON MILITARY POWER OF IRAN. 
(a) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Subsection (b) of 
section 1245 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2)(D), by inserting after 
‘‘Iran’s conventional forces’’ the following: ‘‘and 
Iran’s unconventional or parallel military forces’’; 
(2) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘mis-
sile launch sites’’ and inserting ‘‘missile launch 
and storage sites’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘; 
and’’ at the end; 
(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) an assessment of Iran’s space launch 
vehicle program and the ability of Iran to use 
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those technologies to develop and field an inter-
continental ballistic missile; and 
‘‘(F) a detailed analysis of the effectiveness 
of Iran’s drone forces.’’; 
(3) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘the People’s 
Republic of China,’’ before ‘‘Cuba’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(9) An assessment of groups that are supported 
by Iran and designated by the United States as for-
eign terrorist organizations and regional military 
groups, including Hezbollah, Hamas, the Houthis, 
and the Special Groups in Iraq, in particular those 
forces as having been assessed as to be willing to 
carry out terrorist operations on behalf of Iran. 
‘‘(10) An assessment of how Iran would utilize 
additional resources to further activities described in 
paragraphs (1) through (9).’’. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—Subsection (c)(1)(B) of such sec-
tion is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(B) includes all branches and sub-branches 
of Iran’s national army or Artesh, such as its 
ground forces, air force, navy, and air defense 
forces as well as most branches of its parallel 
military, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard 
Corps excluding its Quds-Force.’’. 
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SEC. 1219. PROHIBITION ON TRANSPORTING CURRENCY TO 
THE TALIBAN AND THE ISLAMIC EMIRATE OF 
AFGHANISTAN. 
None of the amounts authorized to be appropriated by 
this Act or otherwise made available to the Department of 
Defense may be made available for the operation of any 
aircraft of the Department of Defense to transport currency 
or other items of value to the Taliban, the Islamic Emirate 
of Afghanistan, or any subsidiary, agent, or instrumen-
tality of either the Taliban or the Islamic Emirate of Af-
ghanistan. 
SEC. 1220. MODIFICATIONS TO THE OFFICE OF THE SPE-
CIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR AFGHANI-
STAN RECONSTRUCTION. 
Section 1229(m)(1)(B) of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 5 
App.) is amended by striking ‘‘the reconstruction of Afghan-
istan’’ and inserting ‘‘assistance for the benefit of the Af-
ghan people’’. 
Subtitle C—Matters Relating to 
Ukraine 
SEC. 1221. DIRECT HIRE AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN PER-
SONNEL OF THE OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR 
GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE. 
Section 9905 of title 5, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(d) INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
DEFENSE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Inspector General of the 
Department of Defense, in connection with the Inspec-
tor General’s oversight of United States support and 
activities carried out in response to Russia’s further 
invasion of Ukraine, may select, appoint, and em-
ploy, without regard to the provisions of subchapter 
I of chapter 33 (other than sections 3303 and 3328 
of such chapter), qualified candidates to any of posi-
tions in the Office of Inspector General involved in or 
for the conduct of reviews, audits, evaluations, inspec-
tions, and investigations with respect to oversight of 
such support and activities, including— 
‘‘(A) financial management, accounting, 
auditing, actuarial, cost estimation, or oper-
ational research; and 
‘‘(B) scientific, technology, technical, engi-
neering, data science, or mathematics. 
‘‘(2) SUNSET.—The authority provided under 
this subsection shall expire on the later of— 
‘‘(A) the date established under subsection 
(b)(1); or 
‘‘(B) the end of the first fiscal year in which 
the total amount appropriated for United States 
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support and activities carried out in response to 
Russia’s further invasion of Ukraine, including 
amounts made available for the reconstruction of 
Ukraine, is less than $1,000,000,000.’’. 
SEC. 1222. SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR UKRAINE AS-
SISTANCE. 
(a) OFFICE OF SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL.—There 
is established the Office of the Special Inspector General for 
Ukraine Assistance to provide for the oversight of inde-
pendent and objective conduct and supervision of audits 
and investigations relating to the programs and operations 
funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made 
available to the Government of Ukraine to defeat the Rus-
sian invasion. 
(b) APPOINTMENT OF SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL; 
REMOVAL.— 
(1) APPOINTMENT.—The head of the Office of the 
Special Inspector General for Ukraine Assistance 
shall be known as the Special Inspector General for 
Ukraine Assistance (in this section referred to as the 
‘‘Special Inspector General’’), who shall be designated 
by the President. 
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The appointment of the 
Special Inspector General shall be made solely on the 
basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in ac-
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counting, auditing, financial analysis, law, manage-
ment analysis, public administration, or investiga-
tions. 
(3) SELECTION.—The Special Inspector General 
may be a member of the civil service or Foreign Serv-
ice and may be selected from among the offices of the 
Inspectors General. 
(4) DEADLINE
FOR
APPOINTMENT.—The ap-
pointment of an individual as Special Inspector Gen-
eral shall be made not later than 30 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act. 
(5) PROHIBITION
ON
POLITICAL
ACTIVITIES.— 
For purposes of section 7324 of title 5, United States 
Code, the Special Inspector General shall not be con-
sidered an employee who determines policies to be 
pursued by the United States in the nationwide ad-
ministration of Federal law. 
(6) REMOVAL.—The Inspectors General shall be 
removable from office in accordance with the provi-
sions of section 403(b) of title 5, United States Code. 
(c) SUPERVISION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Special Inspector General 
shall report directly to, and be under the general su-
pervision of, the Secretary of State and the Secretary 
of Defense. 
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(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
section may be construed to limit the ability of the 
Inspectors General to enter into agreements to con-
duct joint audits, inspections, or investigations in the 
exercise of their oversight responsibilities in accord-
ance with this section with respect to Ukraine. 
(d) DUTIES.—The duties of the Special Inspector Gen-
eral are as follows: 
(1) To appoint, from among the offices of the In-
spectors General, an Assistant Inspector General, who 
shall supervise auditing and investigative activities 
and assist the Special Inspector General in the dis-
charge of responsibilities under this subsection. 
(2) To develop and carry out, in coordination 
with the offices of the Inspectors General, a joint stra-
tegic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of all 
military and nonmilitary United States support for 
Ukraine. 
(3) To apply key lessons from prior oversight 
work, in coordination with the offices of the Inspec-
tors General, to Ukraine response programs and oper-
ations to minimize waste, fraud, and abuse. 
(4) With respect to military and nonmilitary 
United States support for Ukraine— 
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(A) to ensure, through joint or individual 
audits, inspections, and investigations, inde-
pendent and effective oversight of— 
(i) all funds appropriated or otherwise 
made available for such support; and 
(ii) the programs, operations, and con-
tracts carried out using such funds; and 
(B) to review and ascertain the accuracy of 
information provided by Federal agencies relat-
ing to— 
(i) obligations and expenditures; 
(ii) costs of programs and projects; 
(iii) accountability of funds; 
(iv) the tracking and monitoring of all 
lethal and nonlethal security assistance and 
compliance with end-use certification re-
quirements; and 
(v) the award and execution of major 
contracts, grants, and agreements in sup-
port of Ukraine. 
(4) To employ, or authorize the employment by 
the Inspectors General, on a temporary basis using 
the authorities in section 3161 of title 5, United 
States Code (without regard to subsection (b)(2) of 
such section), such auditors, investigators, and other 
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personnel as the Special Inspector General considers 
appropriate to carrying out the duties described in 
this subsection. 
(5) To carry out such other responsibilities relat-
ing to the coordination and efficient and effective dis-
charge by the Inspectors General of duties relating to 
United States military and nonmilitary support for 
Ukraine as the Special Inspector General shall speci-
fy. 
(6) To discharge the responsibilities under this 
subsection in a manner consistent with the authorities 
and requirements of this section and the authorities 
and requirements applicable to the Inspectors General 
under chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code. 
(e) DEPLOYMENT OF SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL 
STAFF.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Office of the Special In-
spector General for Ukraine shall maintain a pres-
ence of at least 1 individual in the country of 
Ukraine at all times. 
(2) EVACUTION
PLAN.—The Special Inspector 
General shall coordinate with the appropriate chief of 
mission for this purpose and shall maintain a plan 
to evacuate personnel should it be required. 
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(3) NOTICE AND JUSTIFICATION.—To any extent 
that the Special Inspector General determines that the 
Office of the Special Inspector General cannot main-
tain such a presence in Ukraine, the Special Inspec-
tor General shall notify the appropriate congressional 
committees in writing within 7 days of such deter-
mination, along with a justification for why the pres-
ence could not be maintained. 
(f) REPORTS.— 
(1) QUARTERLY REPORTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days 
after the end of each fiscal-year quarter, the Spe-
cial Inspector General shall submit to the appro-
priate committees of Congress a report summa-
rizing with respect to that quarter and, to the ex-
tent possible, the period from the end of such 
quarter to the date on which the report is sub-
mitted, the activities of the Special Inspector 
General with respect to programs and operations 
funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise 
made available for military and nonmilitary 
support for Ukraine. 
(B) ELEMENTS.—Each report required by 
subparagraph (A) shall include, for the period 
covered by the report— 
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(i) a description of any identified 
waste, fraud, or abuse with respect to pro-
grams and operations funded with amounts 
appropriated or otherwise made available 
for the military and nonmilitary support of 
Ukraine; 
(ii) a description of the status and re-
sults of— 
(I) 
investigations, 
inspections, 
and audits; and 
(II) referrals to the Department of 
Justice; 
(iii) a description of the overall plans 
for review by the Inspectors General of such 
support of Ukraine, including plans for in-
vestigations, inspections, and audits; and 
(iv) an evaluation of the compliance of 
the Government of Ukraine with all require-
ments for receiving United States funds, in-
cluding a description of any area of concern 
with respect to the ability of the Govern-
ment of Ukraine to achieve such compli-
ance. 
(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Special Inspec-
tor General shall publish on a publicly available 
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internet website each report required by paragraph 
(1) in English and any other language the Special 
Inspector General determines is widely used and un-
derstood in Ukraine. 
(3) FORM.—Each report required by this sub-
section shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include a classified annex if the Special Inspec-
tor General considers it necessary. 
(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
subsection may be construed to authorize the public 
disclosure of information that is— 
(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure 
by any other provision of law; 
(B) specifically required by Executive order 
to be protected from disclosure in the interest of 
national defense or national security or in the 
conduct of foreign affairs; or 
(C) a part of an ongoing criminal inves-
tigation. 
(g) PUBLICATION OF UNITED STATES MILITARY AND 
NONMILITARY ASSISTANCE TO UKRAINE.—Not later than 
30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Presi-
dent, acting through the Secretary of Defense and Secretary 
of State, shall publish a comprehensive accounting of 
amounts appropriated or otherwise made available by the 
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United States for military and nonmilitary support for 
Ukraine on a publicly available website of the United States 
Government. 
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘amounts appropriated or other-
wise made available for the military and nonmilitary 
support of Ukraine’’ means— 
(A) amounts appropriated or otherwise 
made available on or after January 1, 2022, 
for— 
(i) the Ukraine Security Assistance 
Initiative under section 1250 of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1608); 
(ii) any foreign military financing 
accessed by the Government of Ukraine; 
(iii) the presidential drawdown au-
thority under section 506(a) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)); 
(iv) the defense institution building 
program under section 332 of title 10, 
United States Code; 
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(v) the building partner capacity pro-
gram under section 333 of title 10, United 
States Code; 
(vi) the international military edu-
cation and training program of the Depart-
ment of State; and 
(vii) the United States European Com-
mand; and 
(B) amounts appropriated or otherwise 
made available on or after January 1, 2022, for 
the military, economic, reconstruction, or hu-
manitarian support of Ukraine under any ac-
count or for any purpose not described in sub-
paragraph (A). 
(2) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Appropriations, the 
Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Home-
land Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Appropriations, the 
Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Oversight 
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and Accountability of the House of Representa-
tives. 
(3) The term ‘‘Inspectors General’’ means the fol-
lowing: 
(A) The Inspector General of the Depart-
ment of Defense. 
(B) The Inspector General of the Depart-
ment of State. 
(C) The Inspector General of the United 
States Agency for International Development. 
(i) TERMINATION.—The Office of the Special Inspector 
General for Ukraine Assistance shall terminate 180 days 
after the date on which amounts appropriated or otherwise 
made available for the military and nonmilitary support 
of Ukraine are less than the amounts that were appro-
priated or otherwise available for the military and non-
military support of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. 
SEC. 1223. EXTENSION OF UKRAINE SECURITY ASSISTANCE 
INITIATIVE. 
Section 1250 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1068) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (f)— 
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(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘for overseas contingency oper-
ations’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(9) For fiscal year 2024, $300,000,000.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘December 31, 
2024’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2025’’. 
SEC. 1224. EXTENSION OF LEND-LEASE AUTHORITY TO 
UKRAINE. 
Section 2(a)(1) of the Ukraine Democracy Defense 
Lend-Lease Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–118; 136 Stat. 
1184) is amended by striking ‘‘fiscal years 2022 and 2023’’ 
and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 2022 through 2024’’. 
SEC. 1225. PLAN AND REPORT RELATING TO ALLIED AND 
PARTNER SUPPORT TO UKRAINE. 
(a) PLAN AND REPORTS REQUIRED.—The Secretary 
of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees— 
(1) a plan to encourage increased total contribu-
tions made by allied and partner countries to meet 
the military contributions of the United States; and 
(2) every 90 days after the submission of the 
plan described in paragraph (1) until the date de-
scribed in subsection (c)— 
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(A) a report on all contributions to Ukraine 
in absolute and relative terms, disaggregated by 
country, in the preceding 90-day period; and 
(B) an update on efforts under the such 
plan. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection 
(a)(2) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
(c) SUNSET.—The reporting requirement in subsection 
(a)(2) shall terminate on the earlier of— 
(1) the date that is 180 days after the date on 
which amounts appropriated or otherwise made 
available for the support of Ukraine are less than the 
amounts that were appropriated or otherwise made 
available for the support of Ukraine on February 24, 
2022; or 
(2) December 31, 2025. 
Subtitle D—Matters Relating to 
Russia, Europe, and NATO 
SEC. 1231. STATEMENT OF POLICY RELATING TO NATO-RUS-
SIA FOUNDING ACT. 
It is the policy of the United States that the agreement 
titled ‘‘Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and 
Security between NATO and the Russian Federation’’, done 
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at Paris on May 27, 1997 (commonly referred to as the 
‘‘NATO-Russia Founding Act’’), does not— 
(1) prohibit the establishment of a permanent 
presence of the United States Armed Forces in Eu-
rope; or 
(2) constrain in any manner the deployment of 
United States Armed Forces or North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO) forces. 
SEC. 1232. STRATEGY TO DELAY, DISRUPT, AND DEGRADE 
ROSATOM’S PROLIFERATION ACTIVITIES AND 
OTHER REVENUE STREAMS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Russia’s state-owned nuclear energy corpora-
tion, Rosatom, is providing the People’s Republic of 
China highly enriched uranium for Chinese Com-
munist Party fast-breeder reactors. 
(2) The Department of Defense’s 2022 report to 
Congress on the Military and Security Developments 
Involving the People’s Republic of China noted the 
key role that increased weapons-grade plutonium pro-
duction is key to China’s nuclear program, stating: 
‘‘The PRC is also supporting this expansion by in-
creasing its capacity to produce and separate pluto-
nium by constructing fast breeder reactors and re-
processing facilities.’’. The report also cites the CFR- 
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600 reactors and notes that each reactor will be capa-
ble of producing ‘‘enough plutonium for dozens of nu-
clear warheads annually’’. This buildup puts China 
in violation of Article VI of the Treaty on the Non- 
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, requiring states to 
make good-faith efforts to cease an arms race and to 
engage in good-faith arms control negotiations. 
(3) There are also credible reports that ‘‘Russia’s 
state nuclear power conglomerate has been working to 
supply the Russian arms industry with components, 
technology and raw materials for missile(s)’’. Specifi-
cally, a letter from a Rosatom department chief, dated 
October 2022, shows Rosatom offering to provide 
goods to Russian military units and to Russian 
weapons manufacturers that are under sanctions. 
(4) The United States Government has taken 
steps against Rosatom, such as sanctioning three 
Rosatom subsidiaries on February 24, 2023, and 
speaking out publicly against Rosatom’s behavior. 
(5) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Pol-
icy, Dr. John F. Plumb, testified before the House 
Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces on 
March 8, 2023, that ‘‘It’s very troubling to see Russia 
and China cooperating on this . . .They may have 
talking points around it, but there’s no getting 
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around the fact that breeder reactors are plutonium, 
and plutonium is for weapons. So, I think the [De-
fense] Department is concerned. And of course, it 
matches our concerns about China’s increased expan-
sion of its nuclear forces as well, because you need 
more plutonium for more weapons.’’. 
(b) STRATEGY.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in 
coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of 
the Treasury, and the Secretary of Energy, with the assist-
ance of the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a strategy to 
delay, disrupt, and degrade Rosatom’s and other Russian 
state-owned entities’ proliferation activities and other rev-
enue streams that directly fund Russia’s military forces. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In subsection (b), the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce, the Committee on Financial Services, 
and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy 
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and Natural Resources, the Committee on Banking, 
Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
SEC. 1233. BALTIC SECURITY INITIATIVE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) supporting and strengthening the security of 
the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania is 
in the national security interests of the United States; 
(2) the United States and the Baltic states are 
leaders in the mission of defending independence and 
democracy from aggression and in promoting sta-
bility and security within the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO), with non-NATO partners, and 
with other international organizations such as the 
European Union; 
(3) the Baltic states are model NATO allies in 
terms of burden sharing, investing over 2 percent of 
their gross domestic product on defense expenditure, 
allocating over 20 percent of their defense budgets on 
capital modernization, matching security assistance 
from the United States, frequently deploying their 
forces around the world in support of allied and 
United States objectives, and sharing diplomatic, 
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technical, military, and analytical expertise on de-
fense and security matters; 
(4) the United States should pursue consistent ef-
forts focused on defense and security assistance, co-
ordination, and planning, such as the United States 
Baltic Dialogue, designed to ensure the continued se-
curity of the Baltic states and on deterring current 
and future challenges to the national sovereignty of 
United States allies and partners in the Baltic re-
gion; 
(5) the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of 
State should seek to require matching funds from 
those Baltic states in amounts commensurate with 
amounts provided. 
(b) STRATEGY.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, with 
the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report setting 
forth a strategy to deepen security cooperation with the Bal-
tic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to— 
(1) achieve United States national security strat-
egy objectives; 
(2) enhance regional planning and cooperation 
among Baltic states, particularly with respect to long- 
term regional capability projects; and 
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(3) enhance the Baltic states’ defenses and resil-
iency. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1234. PROHIBITION ON NEW START TREATY INFORMA-
TION SHARING. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available for 
fiscal year 2024 for the Department of Defense may be used 
to provide the Russian Federation with notifications as re-
quired by the New START Treaty. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense may waive the 
prohibition in subsection (a) on a case-by-case basis if the 
Secretary of Defense certifies to the appropriate congres-
sional committees in writing, 30 days in advance of exer-
cising such a waiver, that— 
(1) the waiver is in the national security interest 
of the United States; and 
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(2) the Russian Federation is providing similar 
information to the United States as required by the 
New START Treaty. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate; and 
(2) the term ‘‘New START Treaty’’ means the 
Treaty between the United States of America and the 
Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Re-
duction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, 
signed at Prague April 8, 2010, and entered into force 
February 5, 2011. 
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Subtitle E—Matters Relating to the 
Armed Forces Abroad and the 
Authorities of the Department of 
Defense 
SEC. 1241. REPORT ON HOSTILITIES INVOLVING UNITED 
STATES ARMED FORCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 48 hours after any 
incident in which the United States Armed Forces are in-
volved in an attack or hostilities, whether in an offensive 
or defensive capacity, the President shall transmit to the 
congressional defense committees, the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives a report on the inci-
dent, unless the President— 
(1) otherwise reports the incident within 48 
hours pursuant to section 4 of the War Powers Reso-
lution (50 U.S.C. 1543); or 
(2) has determined prior to the incident, and so 
reported pursuant to section 1264 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (50 
U.S.C. 1549), that the United States Armed Forces 
involved in the incident would be operating under 
specific statutory authorization within the meaning of 
section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 
1544(b)). 
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(b) MATTERS
TO BE INCLUDED.—Each report re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) the statutory and operational authorities 
under which the United States Armed Forces were op-
erating when the incident occurred, including any 
relevant executive orders and an identification of the 
operational activities authorized under any such exec-
utive orders; 
(2) the date, location, and duration of the inci-
dent and the other parties involved; 
(3) a description of the United States Armed 
Forces involved in the incident and the mission of 
such Armed Forces; 
(4) the numbers of any combatant casualties and 
civilian casualties that occurred as a result of the in-
cident; and 
(5) any other information the President deter-
mines appropriate. 
(c) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1242. PROTECTION AND LEGAL PREPAREDNESS FOR 
SERVICEMEMBERS ABROAD. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in coordi-
nation with the Secretary of State, shall seek to ensure that 
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members of the Armed Forces stationed in each foreign 
country with which the United States maintains a Status 
of Forces Agreement are afforded, at a minimum: 
(1) the right to legal counsel for his or her de-
fense, in accordance with the Status of Forces Agree-
ment or other binding law or agreement with another 
country; 
(2) access to competent language translation 
services; 
(3) a prompt and speedy trial; 
(4) the right to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him or her; and 
(5) a compulsory process for obtaining witnesses 
in his or her favor if they are within the foreign 
country’s jurisdiction. 
(b) REVIEW REQUIRED.—Not later than December 31, 
2024, the Secretary of Defense, in collaboration with the 
Secretary of State, shall— 
(1) review the 10 largest foreign countries by 
United States Armed Forces presence and evaluate 
local legal systems, protections afforded by bilateral 
agreements between the United States and countries 
being evaluated, and how the rights and privileges af-
forded under such agreements may differ from United 
States law; and 
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(2) brief the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
on the findings of the review. 
(c) TRAINING REQUIRED.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall review and improve as necessary training and edu-
cational materials for members of the Armed Forces, their 
spouses, and dependents, as appropriate, who are stationed 
in a country reviewed pursuant to subsection (b)(1) regard-
ing relevant foreign laws, how such foreign laws may differ 
from the laws of the United States, and the rights of accused 
in common scenarios under such foreign laws. 
(d) TRANSLATION STANDARDS AND READINESS.—The 
Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of 
State, shall review foreign language standards for 
servicemembers and employees of the Department of Defense 
and Department of State who are responsible for providing 
foreign language translation services in situations involving 
foreign law enforcement where a servicemember may be 
being detained, to ensure such persons maintain an appro-
priate proficiency in the legal terminology and meaning of 
essential terms in a relevant language. 
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SEC. 1243. PROHIBITION ON FUNDING FOR THE GLOBAL EN-
GAGEMENT CENTER. 
None of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to 
the Department of Defense or otherwise made available by 
this Act may be made available for the Global Engagement 
Center established pursuant to section 1287 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (22 U.S.C. 
2656 note). 
SEC. 1244. DETERMINATION OF LOCATION FOR MCCAIN IR-
REGULAR WARFARE CENTER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The ‘‘John S. McCain III Center 
for Security Studies in Irregular Warfare Center’’, author-
ized by section 1299L of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(10 U.S.C. 342 note) and by the amendments made to sec-
tion 345 of title 10, United States Code, by section 1204 
of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2023, shall be established at a location deter-
mined suitable pursuant to subsection (b). 
(b) LOCATION CRITERIA.—The Secretary shall select a 
permanent location based on established criteria, which 
should include that the location— 
(1) is an academic institution that studies secu-
rity implications with respect to irregular warfare 
and the full spectrum of competition and conflict; 
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(2) has an established record in interdisciplinary 
studies relevant to irregular warfare; 
(3) has a demonstrated network of foreign aca-
demic and government partners; 
(4) has availability of facility space and staff; 
and 
(5) has the ability to provide immediate support 
for full operational capability. 
TITLE XIII—OTHER MATTERS RE-
LATING 
TO 
FOREIGN 
NA-
TIONS. 
Subtitle A—Matters Relating to the 
Indo-Pacific and Pacific Regions 
SEC. 1301. EXTENSION OF PACIFIC DETERRENCE INITIA-
TIVE AND REPORT, BRIEFINGS, AND PLAN 
UNDER THE INITIATIVE. 
(a) EXTENSION OF INITIATIVE.—Subsection (c) of sec-
tion 1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 
113 note) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2023’’ and inserting ‘‘the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2024’’; and 
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(2) by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2023’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2024’’. 
(b) EXTENSION OF REPORT AND BRIEFINGS.—Sub-
section (d) of such section is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ‘‘fiscal 
years 2024 and 2025’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 
2025 and 2026’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘fiscal years 
2023 and 2024’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘fiscal years 2025 and 2026’’. 
(c) EXTENSION OF PLAN.—Subsection (e) of such sec-
tion is amended by striking ‘‘fiscal years 2023 and 2024’’ 
and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 2025 and 2026’’. 
SEC. 1302. INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT AND REPORT ON 
THE PROGRESS MADE UNDER THE PACIFIC 
DETERRENCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall select and enter into an agreement with 
a federally funded research and development center, 
or another appropriate independent entity, with ex-
pertise on defense matters pertaining to the Indo-Pa-
cific region to conduct an assessment of the Depart-
ment of Defense activities carried out pursuant to the 
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Pacific Deterrence Initiative established under section 
1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The assessment 
required by paragraph (1) shall include updates on 
the current state of defense posture in the Indo-Pacific 
region, to include— 
(A) base infrastructure and resiliency ef-
forts; 
(B) prepositioned equipment and munitions 
stocks; 
(C) investments required to address con-
tested logistics; 
(D) the status of current and planned mili-
tary construction; 
(E) the planned Indo-Pacom exercise sched-
ule and joint operations; 
(F) whether Pacific Deterrence Initiative 
funding has aligned with the purpose described 
in section 1251 of the William M. (Mac) Thorn-
berry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021; and 
(G) any recommendations to improve the 
Department of Defense’s posture, resiliency, pres-
ence, or lethality in the Indo-Pacific region that 
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may be advisable together with analysis of the 
feasibility of implementing such recommenda-
tions. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the independent entity selected 
under subsection (a) shall submit to the congressional de-
fense committees a report on the findings of the assessment 
conducted under that subsection. 
(c) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT.—The Sec-
retary of Defense shall provide the independent entity se-
lected under subsection (a) with timely access to appro-
priate information, data, resources, and analyses necessary 
for the independent entity to conduct the assessment re-
quired by that subsection in a thorough and independent 
manner. 
SEC. 1303. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SOUTH KOREA. 
It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Defense 
should reinforce the United States alliance with the Repub-
lic of Korea, including by maintaining the presence of ap-
proximately 28,500 members of the United States Armed 
Forces deployed to the country and affirming the United 
States commitment to extended deterrence using the full 
range of United States defense capabilities, consistent with 
the Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and 
the Republic of Korea, signed at Washington, October 1, 
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1953, in support of the shared objective of a peaceful and 
stable Korean Peninsula. 
SEC. 1304. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TAIWAN DEFENSE RE-
LATIONS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96– 
8; 22 U.S.C. et seq.) and the Six Assurances provided 
by the United States to Taiwan in July 1982 are the 
foundation for United States-Taiwan relations; 
(2) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, the 
United States decision to establish diplomatic rela-
tions with the People’s Republic of China rests upon 
the expectation that the future of Taiwan will be de-
termined by peaceful means, and that any effort to 
determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful 
means, including boycotts and embargoes, is of grave 
concern to the United States; 
(3) the increasingly coercive and aggressive be-
havior of the People’s Republic of China toward Tai-
wan is contrary to the expectation of the peaceful res-
olution of the future of Taiwan; 
(4) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, the 
capacity to resist any resort to force or other forms 
of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the 
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social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan 
should be maintained; 
(5) the United States should continue to support 
the development of capable, ready, and modern de-
fense forces necessary for Taiwan to maintain suffi-
cient defensive capabilities, including by— 
(A) supporting acquisition by Taiwan of 
defense articles and services through foreign mili-
tary sales, direct commercial sales, and indus-
trial cooperation, with an emphasis on capabili-
ties that support an asymmetric strategy; 
(B) ensuring timely review of and response 
to requests of Taiwan for defense articles and 
services; 
(C) conducting practical training and mili-
tary exercises with Taiwan that enable Taiwan 
to maintain sufficient defensive capabilities, as 
described in the Taiwan Relations Act; 
(D) exchanges between defense officials and 
officers of the United States and Taiwan at the 
strategic, policy, and functional levels, consistent 
with the Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 115– 
135; 132 Stat. 341), especially for the purposes 
of— 
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(i) enhancing cooperation on defense 
planning; 
(ii) improving the interoperability of 
the military forces of the United States and 
Taiwan; and 
(iii) improving the reserve force of Tai-
wan; 
(E) cooperating with Taiwan to improve its 
ability to employ military capabilities in asym-
metric ways, as described in the Taiwan Rela-
tions Act; and 
(F) expanding cooperation in humanitarian 
assistance and disaster relief; and 
(6) the United States should increase its support 
to a free and open society in the face of aggressive ef-
forts by the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China to curtail or influence the free exercise of rights 
and democratic franchise. 
SEC. 1305. BRIEFING ON MULTI-YEAR PLAN TO FULFILL DE-
FENSIVE 
REQUIREMENTS 
OF 
MILITARY 
FORCES OF TAIWAN. 
(a) BRIEFING REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in consultation with the Secretary of State and the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall brief the appropriate 
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congressional committees on the status of the efforts to de-
velop and implement the joint multi-year plan to fulfill de-
fensive requirements of military forces of Taiwan required 
under section 5506 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117– 
263; 22 U.S.C. 3355). 
(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representa-
tives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
SEC. 1306. MODIFICATION TO THE AMERICAN, BRITISH, CA-
NADIAN, AND AUSTRALIAN ARMIES’ PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1274(a) of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 (10 U.S.C. 
2350a(a) note) is amended by inserting ‘‘or the air force 
program known as the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability 
Council’’ after ‘‘the American, British, Canadian, and Aus-
tralian Armies’ Program’’. 
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(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The heading of section 
1274 of such Act (and the entry in the table of contents 
for such Act corresponding to such section 1274) is amended 
to read as follows: ‘‘Administration of the American, Brit-
ish, Canadian, and Australian Armies’ Program and the 
Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council’’. 
SEC. 1307. MODIFICATIONS TO INITIATIVE TO SUPPORT 
PROTECTION OF NATIONAL SECURITY ACA-
DEMIC RESEARCHERS FROM UNDUE INFLU-
ENCE AND OTHER SECURITY THREATS. 
(a) PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.—Section 1286 of 
the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 
note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(10)(A) The development and implementation 
of measures of effectiveness and performance to assess 
and track progress of the Department in carrying out 
the initiative. 
‘‘(B) In developing and implementing such 
measures, the Secretary— 
‘‘(i) shall seek independent advice and guid-
ance to ensure such measures— 
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‘‘(I) align with the measures of effec-
tiveness and performance used in other re-
search security initiatives of the Federal 
Government; and 
‘‘(II) incorporate relevant input from 
institutions of higher education and other 
entities in academic community; and 
‘‘(ii) shall consider— 
‘‘(I) the quality of data available to 
support assessments based on such meas-
ures, including identification of any areas 
in which gaps in the data available to the 
Secretary may require collection of new 
data or modifications to existing data sets; 
‘‘(II) available means and methods for 
the automated collection of such data, in-
cluding identification of areas in which 
gaps exist that may require the development 
of new means and methods of data collec-
tion or data visualization; and 
‘‘(III) development of an analysis and 
assessment methodology framework that in-
corporates the measures developed under 
this paragraph while also taking into ac-
count, to the extent appropriate, other meth-
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ods of assessing undue foreign influence on 
Department of Defense research activities, 
such as commercial due diligence and the 
analysis of beneficial ownership, foreign 
ownership, and foreign control and influ-
ence.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)(2), by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(G) Based on the measures of effectiveness 
and performance developed under subsection 
(c)(10)— 
‘‘(i) an evaluation of the effectiveness 
of the initiative and the Department’s per-
formance during the period covered by the 
report; and 
‘‘(ii) an assessment of whether and to 
what extent the implementation of such 
measures affected the ability of the Depart-
ment to achieve the goals of the initiative.’’. 
(b) 
INSTITUTIONAL
RESEARCH
SECURITY
PRO-
GRAMS.—Such section 1286 is further amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection 
(i); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following 
new subsection: 
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‘‘(h) INSTITUTIONAL
RESEARCH
SECURITY
PRO-
GRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each institution of higher 
education that receives more than $50,000,000 in 
funds in a fiscal year from the Department of Defense 
for defense research and engineering activities shall, 
as a condition of receiving such funds, establish and 
maintain a research security policies relating to man-
aging security risks relating to such defense research 
and engineering activities in accordance with the Na-
tional Security Presidential Memorandum 33 (relat-
ing to research security) issued by the President on 
January 14, 2021. 
‘‘(2) ELEMENTS.—Each research security pro-
gram under paragraph (1) shall include, at a min-
imum, measures to address— 
‘‘(A) cybersecurity; 
‘‘(B) foreign travel security; 
‘‘(C) insider threat awareness; and 
‘‘(D) export controls. 
‘‘(3) CERTIFICATION.—On an annual basis each 
institution subject to paragraph (1) shall certify to 
the Secretary of Defense that the institution has im-
plemented the research security program required 
under such paragraph.’’. 
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SEC. 1308. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS PEND-
ING SUBMITTAL OF LIST IDENTIFYING CER-
TAIN FOREIGN ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS. 
Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act 
or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2024 for oper-
ation and maintenance, Defense-wide, and available for the 
Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and 
Engineering for the travel of persons, not more than 75 per-
cent may be obligated or expended until the date on which 
the Secretary of Defense submits to the congressional defense 
committees the list required under section 1286(c)(8)(A) of 
the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 
note). 
SEC. 1309. EXPANSION OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 
FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS AND EXPERIMEN-
TATION ACTIVITIES IN THE INDO-PACIFIC. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall develop a plan and roadmap to— 
(1) 
expand 
international 
technology-focused 
partnerships, agreements, and experimentation activi-
ties in the Indo-Pacific region in order to— 
(A) accelerate the creation and fielding of 
new capabilities and critical technologies as out-
lined in the National Defense Science and Tech-
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nology Strategy, as directed by section 211 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2022 (Public Law 117-81), consistent with 
the strategic plans of the Department of Defense 
with respect to the activities of Indo-Pacific 
Command; 
(B) leverage the technological and manufac-
turing capabilities of private sector and govern-
ment organizations in the United States and 
international partners; 
(C) identify opportunities for cost sharing 
and financial and non-financial contributions 
by partner countries for activities to develop and 
deploy new operational capabilities; and 
(D) coordinate with partner countries and 
their agencies that are currently involved, or 
could become involved, in co-production of capa-
bilities; 
(2) enhance capabilities, including those capa-
bilities which use unmanned platforms, using lessons 
learned from Task Force-59, to— 
(A) respond to grey zone activity; and 
(B) enhance Indo-Pacific partner capacity 
to protect national resources against illegal fish-
ing and resource extraction; and 
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(3) identify and accelerate the fielding of new ca-
pabilities and critical technologies that would im-
prove Taiwan’s self-defense capabilities. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to affect section 112b(b) of title 1, United 
States Code. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 270 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall 
provide the congressional defense committees a briefing on 
the plan and roadmap required under subsection (a). 
Subtitle B—Matters Relating to 
China 
SEC. 1311. MODIFICATIONS TO PUBLIC REPORTING OF CHI-
NESE MILITARY COMPANIES OPERATING IN 
THE UNITED STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section 1260H of 
the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is 
amended by adding at the end the following sentence: ‘‘The 
Secretary of Defense shall also consider information related 
to a Chinese military company operating directly or indi-
rectly in the United States or any of its territories and pos-
sessions that is provided jointly by the chair and ranking 
member of any of the congressional defense committees in 
making such determinations.’’. 
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(b) INCLUSION
IN
ANNUAL
REPORT.—Subsection 
(b)(1) of such section 1260H is amended— 
(1) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing a semicolon; 
(2) by striking ‘‘as applicable, an explanation’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘as applicable— 
‘‘(A) an explanation’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(B) an identification of each entity in-
cluded in the list pursuant to information pro-
vided by the chair and ranking member of a con-
gressional defense committee and considered in 
accordance with subsection (c); and 
‘‘(C) with respect to each entity considered 
for inclusion in the list pursuant to such infor-
mation, and with respect to which the Secretary 
of Defense determined that the entity did not 
meet the criteria for inclusion, a justification for 
such determination.’’. 
SEC. 1312. MODIFICATION TO ANNUAL REPORT ON MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS IN-
VOLVING THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
Section 1202(b)(3)(C) of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is 
amended by inserting ‘‘including lessons learned by the Peo-
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ple’s Republic of China from the Russian Federation,’’ after 
‘‘the Russian Federation,’’. 
SEC. 1313. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR WORK PER-
FORMED BY ECOHEALTH ALLIANCE, INC., IN 
CHINA ON RESEARCH SUPPORTED BY THE 
GOVERNMENT OF CHINA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided under sub-
section (b), none of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
by this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2024 
for the Department of Defense may be used to fund any 
work to be performed by EcoHealth Alliance, Inc., in China 
on research supported by the government of China, includ-
ing to provide any grants for such purpose. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense may waive the 
prohibition under subsection (a) if the Secretary determines 
that such a waiver is in the national security interests of 
the United States and, not later than 14 days after granting 
such a waiver, submits to the congressional defense commit-
tees a detailed justification for the waiver, including— 
(1) an identification of the Department of De-
fense entity obligating or expending the funds; 
(2) an identification of the amount of such 
funds; 
(3) an identification of the intended purpose of 
such funds; 
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(4) an identification of the recipient or prospec-
tive recipient of such funds (including any third- 
party entity recipient, as applicable); 
(5) an explanation for how the waiver is in the 
national security interests of the United States; and 
(6) any other information the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
SEC. 1314. STUDY AND REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF 
NAVAL BLOCKADES OF SHIPMENTS OF FOS-
SIL FUELS TO CHINA IN EVENT OF ARMED 
CONFLICT. 
(a) STUDY AND REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall submit to Congress a report that contains 
the findings of a study on the feasibility of implementing 
one or more naval blockades of shipments of fossil fuels to 
China in the event of an armed conflict between the United 
States and China. Such report shall include— 
(1) a description of— 
(A) the requirements for such a blockade to 
effectively block such shipments; 
(B) methods China could use to ship fossil 
fuels using air and land routes after such a 
blockade is implemented; and 
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(C) for each waterway specified in clauses 
(i) through (iv) of paragraph (2)(A), how such 
a blockade would be implemented in such water-
way; and 
(2) an assessment of— 
(A) the suitability of strategic waterways in 
the proximity of China as a location for such a 
blockade, including— 
(i) the Strait of Malacca; 
(ii) the Taiwan Strait; 
(iii) the Sunda Strait; 
(iv) the South China Sea; and 
(v) the East China Sea; and 
(B) the capability of China to satisfy needs 
for fossil fuels in China after such a blockade is 
implemented through methods that include— 
(i) the use of existing stockpiles of fossil 
fuels; 
(ii) the rationing of fossil fuels; and 
(iii) the reliance on existing or 
planned cross-border oil and gas pipelines 
to ship fossil fuels. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
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SEC. 1315. INDEPENDENT STUDY ON DEFENSE BUDGET OF 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
(a) INDEPENDENT STUDY REQUIRED.—Not later than 
60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall seek to enter into an agreement with 
an entity independent of the Department of Defense under 
which such entity shall conduct a study of the defense budg-
et of the People’s Republic of China. 
(b) ESTIMATE.—The independent study conducted 
under subsection (a) shall include an estimate, based on 
open-source intelligence, of the amount of defense spending 
of the People’s Republic of China. Such estimate shall— 
(1) be generated in a methodologically sound 
way that— 
(A) avoids reliance on the aggregate spend-
ing amounts announced annually by the People’s 
Republic of China; and 
(B) employs the most accurate available 
purchasing power parity exchange rates; 
(2) be presented in a form that may be compared 
against the defense spending of the United States; 
(3) exclude any spending related to veterans’ 
benefits; and 
(4) include an estimate of the amounts of defense 
spending 
of 
the 
People’s 
Republic 
of 
China 
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disaggregated by functional defense categories of 
spending, including— 
(A) procurement from domestic and foreign 
sources; 
(B) operations and maintenance; 
(C) pay and benefits; 
(D) military construction; and 
(E) research, development, test, and evalua-
tion. 
(c) ADDITIONAL ESTIMATE ON OMITTED SPENDING.— 
The independent study conducted under subsection (a) shall 
include, in addition to the estimate under subsection (b), 
an estimate the magnitude of omitted spending from the 
official People’s Republic of China defense budget informa-
tion. 
(d) SUBMISSION TO SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the entity that 
conducts the study under subsection (a) shall submit 
to the Secretary of Defense a report containing the 
findings of such study. 
(2) FORM.—The report under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
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(e) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 
days after the date on which the Secretary receives the re-
port under subsection (d), the Secretary shall submit to the 
congressional defense committees such report (without 
change), together with any comments of the Secretary with 
respect to such report. 
SEC. 1316. DETERMINATION ON INVOLVEMENT OF THE PRC 
IN THE MEXICAN FENTANYL TRADE. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall certify to the Com-
mittees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of 
Representatives whether officials in the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China assisted in, or approved with 
knowledge of the recipient, the transportation of pill presses, 
fentanyl products, or fentanyl precursors to 1 or more Mexi-
can drug cartels. 
TITLE XIV—OTHER 
AUTHORIZATIONS 
Subtitle A—Military Programs 
SEC. 1401. WORKING CAPITAL FUNDS. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fis-
cal year 2024 for the use of the Armed Forces and other 
activities and agencies of the Department of Defense for 
providing capital for working capital and revolving funds, 
as specified in the funding table in section 4501. 
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SEC. 1402. CHEMICAL AGENTS AND MUNITIONS DESTRUC-
TION, DEFENSE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Funds are 
hereby authorized to be appropriated for the Department 
of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for expenses, not otherwise 
provided for, for Chemical Agents and Munitions Destruc-
tion, Defense, as specified in the funding table in section 
4501. 
(b) USE.—Amounts authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (a) are authorized for— 
(1) the destruction of lethal chemical agents and 
munitions in accordance with section 1412 of the De-
partment of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (50 
U.S.C. 1521); and 
(2) the destruction of chemical warfare materiel 
of the United States that is not covered by section 
1412 of such Act. 
SEC. 1403. DRUG INTERDICTION AND COUNTER-DRUG AC-
TIVITIES, DEFENSE-WIDE. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for expenses, not 
otherwise provided for, for Drug Interdiction and Counter- 
Drug Activities, Defense-wide, as specified in the funding 
table in section 4501. 
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SEC. 1404. DEFENSE INSPECTOR GENERAL. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Defense for fiscal year 2024 for expenses, not 
otherwise provided for, for the Office of the Inspector Gen-
eral of the Department of Defense, as specified in the fund-
ing table in section 4501. 
SEC. 1405. DEFENSE HEALTH PROGRAM. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fis-
cal year 2024 for the Defense Health Program for use of 
the Armed Forces and other activities and agencies of the 
Department of Defense for providing for the health of eligi-
ble beneficiaries, as specified in the funding table in section 
4501. 
Subtitle B—Other Matters 
SEC. 1411. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE STOCKPILE 
REQUIREMENTS FOR ERA OF GREAT POWER 
COMPETITION. 
(a) DECLARATION OF PURPOSES.—Section 2 of the 
Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act (50 
U.S.C. 98a) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection: 
‘‘(d) The quantities of strategic and critical materials 
stockpiled under this Act should be sufficient— 
‘‘(1) during the period beginning on January 1, 
2025, and ending on December 31, 2027, to meet the 
national defense needs of the United States for a pe-
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riod of not less than two years during a national 
emergency necessitating the total mobilization of the 
economy of the United States for a sustained conven-
tional global war of indefinite duration; and 
‘‘(2) on and after January 1, 2028, to meet the 
national defense needs of the United States, for a pe-
riod of not less than three years during a national 
emergency described in paragraph (1).’’. 
(b) NATIONAL
EMERGENCY
PLANNING
ASSUMP-
TIONS.—Section 14(b) of the Strategic and Critical Mate-
rials Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h–5(b)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) 
as subparagraphs (A) through (G), respectively; 
(2) by designating the matter preceding subpara-
graph (A), as redesignated by paragraph (1), as 
paragraph (1); 
(3) in paragraph (1), as designated by para-
graph (2), by striking the second sentence; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the Sec-
retary shall base the national emergency planning as-
sumptions on— 
‘‘(A) during the period beginning on Janu-
ary 1, 2025, and ending on December 31, 2027, 
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a military conflict scenario requiring the total 
mobilization of the economy of the United States 
for a sustained conventional global war for a pe-
riod of not less than two years; and 
‘‘(B) on and after January 1, 2028, a mili-
tary conflict scenario requiring the total mobili-
zation of the economy of the United States for a 
sustained conventional global war for a period of 
not less than three years.’’. 
SEC. 1412. MEMBERSHIP OF COAST GUARD ON STRATEGIC 
MATERIALS PROTECTION BOARD. 
Section 10(b) of the Strategic and Critical Materials 
Stock Piling Act (50 U.S.C. 98h-1(b)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) A senior official of the Coast Guard, as des-
ignated by the Secretary of the agency or department 
in which the Coast Guard operates, only with respect 
to matters of the Board relating to the Coast Guard.’’. 
SEC. 1413. AUTHORITY FOR TRANSFER OF FUNDS TO JOINT 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-DEPARTMENT OF 
VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL FACILITY DEM-
ONSTRATION FUND FOR CAPTAIN JAMES A. 
LOVELL HEALTH CARE CENTER, ILLINOIS. 
(a) AUTHORITY FOR TRANSFER OF FUNDS.—Of the 
funds authorized to be appropriated for section 1405 and 
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available for the Defense Health Program for operation and 
maintenance, $172,000,000 may be transferred by the Sec-
retary of Defense to the Joint Department of Defense–De-
partment of Veterans Affairs Medical Facility Demonstra-
tion Fund established by subsection (a)(1) of section 1704 
of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2010 (Public Law 111–84; 123 Stat. 2571). For purposes 
of subsection (a)(2) of such section 1704, any funds so 
transferred shall be treated as amounts authorized and ap-
propriated specifically for the purpose of such a transfer. 
(b) USE OF TRANSFERRED FUNDS.—For the purposes 
of subsection (b) of such section 1704, facility operations 
for which funds transferred under subsection (a) may be 
used are operations of the Captain James A. Lovell Federal 
Health Care Center, consisting of the North Chicago Vet-
erans Affairs Medical Center, the Navy Ambulatory Care 
Center, and supporting facilities designated as a combined 
Federal medical facility under an operational agreement 
covered by section 706 of the Duncan Hunter National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 
110–417; 122 Stat. 4500). 
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SEC. 1414. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR 
ARMED FORCES RETIREMENT HOME. 
There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal 
year 2024 from the Armed Forces Retirement Home Trust 
Fund the sum of $77,000,000 of which— 
(1) $68,060,000 is for operating expenses; and 
(2) $8,940,000 is for capital maintenance and 
construction. 
TITLE XV—CYBERSPACE- 
RELATED MATTERS 
Subtitle A—Cyber Matters 
SEC. 1501. HARMONIZATION AND CLARIFICATION OF STRA-
TEGIC CYBERSECURITY PROGRAM AND RE-
LATED MATTERS. 
(a) HARMONIZATION AND CLARIFICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 19 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 
391a the following new section: 
‘‘§ 391b. Strategic Cybersecurity Program 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) There is a program to be 
known as the ‘Strategic Cybersecurity Program’ (in this 
section referred to as the ‘Program’) to ensure the ability 
of the Department of Defense to conduct the most critical 
military missions of the Department. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary of Defense shall designate a prin-
cipal staff assistant from within the Office of the Secretary 
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of Defense whose office shall serve as the office of primary 
responsibility for the Program, providing policy, direction, 
and oversight regarding the execution of the responsibilities 
of the program manager selected pursuant to subsection 
(c)(1). 
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—In addition to the office of pri-
mary responsibility for the Program under subsection 
(a)(2) and the program manager selected pursuant to sub-
section (c)(1), membership in the Program shall include the 
following: 
‘‘(1) The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 
Staff. 
‘‘(2) The Commanders of the United States 
Cyber Command, United States European Command, 
United States Indo-Pacific Command, United States 
Northern Command, United States Strategic Com-
mand, United States Space Command, United States 
Transportation Command. 
‘‘(3) The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisi-
tion and Sustainment. 
‘‘(4) The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. 
‘‘(5) The Chief Information Officer of the De-
partment of Defense. 
‘‘(6) The chief information officers of the mili-
tary departments. 
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‘‘(7) The Principal Cyber Advisor of the Depart-
ment of Defense. 
‘‘(8) The Principal Cyber Advisors of the mili-
tary departments. 
‘‘(9) Each senior official identified pursuant to 
subsection (i) of section 1647 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 
114–92; 129 Stat. 1118). 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM OFFICE.—(1) There is in the Cyberse-
curity Directorate of the National Security Agency a pro-
gram office to support the Program by identifying threats 
to, vulnerabilities in, and remediations for, the missions 
and mission elements specified in subsection (d)(1). Such 
program office shall be headed by a program manager se-
lected by the Director of the National Security Agency. 
‘‘(2) The Chief Information Officer of the Department 
of Defense, in exercising authority, direction, and control 
over the Cybersecurity Directorate of the National Security 
Agency, shall ensure that the program office under para-
graph (1) is responsive to the requirements and direction 
of the program manager selected pursuant to such para-
graph. 
‘‘(3) The Secretary may augment the personnel as-
signed to the program office under paragraph (1) by assign-
ing personnel as appropriate from among members of any 
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covered armed force (including the reserve components 
thereof), civilian employees of the Department of Defense 
(including the Defense Intelligence Agency), and personnel 
of the research laboratories of the Department of Defense, 
who have particular expertise in the areas of responsibility 
referred to in subsection (d). 
‘‘(d) DESIGNATION OF MISSION ELEMENTS OF PRO-
GRAM.—(1) The Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, the 
Under 
Secretary 
of 
Defense 
for 
Acquisition 
and 
Sustainment, and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 
of Staff shall identify and designate for inclusion in the 
Program all of the systems, critical infrastructure, kill 
chains, and processes, including systems and components 
in development, that comprise the following military mis-
sions of the Department of Defense: 
‘‘(A) Nuclear deterrence and strike. 
‘‘(B) Select long-range conventional strike mis-
sions germane to the warfighting plans of the United 
States European Command and the United States 
Indo-Pacific Command. 
‘‘(C) Offensive cyber operations. 
‘‘(D) Homeland missile defense. 
‘‘(2) The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 
shall coordinate the identification and prioritization of the 
missions and mission components, and the development and 
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approval of requirements relating to the cybersecurity of the 
missions and mission components, of the Program. 
‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF HEAD OF OF-
FICE OF PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY.—In addition to pro-
viding policy, direction, and oversight as specified in sub-
section (a)(2), the head of the office of primary responsi-
bility for the Program designated under such subsection 
shall be responsible for overseeing and providing direction 
on any covered statutory requirement that is ongoing, re-
current (including on an annual basis), or unfulfilled, in-
cluding by— 
‘‘(1) reviewing any materials required to be sub-
mitted to Congress under the covered statutory re-
quirement prior to such submission; and 
‘‘(2) ensuring such submissions occur by the ap-
plicable deadline under the covered statutory require-
ment. 
‘‘(f) RESPONSIBILITIES OF PROGRAM MANAGER.—The 
program manager selected pursuant to subsection (c)(1) 
shall be responsible for the following: 
‘‘(1) Conducting end-to-end vulnerability assess-
ments of the missions of the Program and the con-
stituent systems, infrastructure, kill chains, and proc-
esses thereof. 
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‘‘(2) Prioritizing and facilitating the remedi-
ation of identified vulnerabilities in such constituent 
systems, infrastructure, kill chains, and processes. 
‘‘(3) Conducting, prior to the Milestone B ap-
proval for any proposed such system or infrastructure 
germane to the missions of the Program, appropriate 
reviews of the acquisition and system engineering 
plans for that proposed system or infrastructure, in 
accordance with the policy and guidance of the Under 
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment 
regarding the components of such reviews and the 
range of systems and infrastructure to be reviewed. 
‘‘(4) Advising the Secretaries of the military de-
partments, the commanders of the combatant com-
mands, and the Joint Staff on the vulnerabilities and 
cyberattack vectors that pose substantial risk to the 
missions of the Program and their constituent sys-
tems, critical infrastructure, kill chains, or processes. 
‘‘(5) Ensuring that the Program builds upon 
(including through the provision of oversight and di-
rection by the head of the office of primary responsi-
bility for the Program pursuant to subsection (e), as 
applicable), and does not duplicate, other efforts of the 
Department of Defense relating to cybersecurity, in-
cluding the following: 
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‘‘(A) The evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities 
of major weapon systems of the Department of 
Defense required under section 1647 of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118). 
‘‘(B) The evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities 
of critical infrastructure of the Department of 
Defense required under section 1650 of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2224 
note). 
‘‘(C) The activities of the cyber protection 
teams of the Department of Defense. 
‘‘(g) RESPONSIBILITIES
OF
SECRETARY
OF
DE-
FENSE.—The Secretary of Defense shall define and issue 
guidance on the roles and responsibilities for components 
of the Department of Defense other than those specified in 
this section with respect to the Program, including— 
‘‘(1) the roles and responsibilities of the acquisi-
tion and sustainment organizations of the military 
departments in supporting and implementing reme-
dial actions; 
‘‘(2) the alignment of Cyber Protection Teams 
with the prioritized missions of the Program; 
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‘‘(3) the role of the Director of Operational Test 
and Evaluation in conducting periodic assessments, 
including through red teams, of the cybersecurity of 
missions in the Program; and 
‘‘(4) the role of the Principal Cyber Adviser in 
coordinating and monitoring the execution of the Pro-
gram. 
‘‘(h) ANNUAL REPORTING.—Not later than December 
31 of each year, the head of the office of primary responsi-
bility for the Program, in coordination with the appro-
priate members of the Program under subsection (b), shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees an annual 
report on the efforts carried out pursuant to this section 
or any covered provision of law, including with respect to 
such efforts concerning— 
‘‘(1) the evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities of 
each major weapon system of the Department of De-
fense and related mitigation activities under section 
1647 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1118); 
‘‘(2) the evaluation of cyber vulnerabilities of the 
critical infrastructure of the Department of Defense 
under section 1650 of the National Defense Authoriza-
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•HR 2670 RH1S 
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 
10 U.S.C. 2224 note); 
‘‘(3) operational technology and the mapping of 
mission-relevant terrain in cyberspace under 1505 of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 note); 
‘‘(4) the assessments of the vulnerabilities to and 
mission risks presented by radio-frequency enabled 
cyber attacks with respect to the operational tech-
nology embedded in weapons systems, aircraft, ships, 
ground vehicles, space systems, sensors, and datalink 
networks of the Department of Defense under section 
1559 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2023; and 
‘‘(5) the work of the Program in general, includ-
ing information relating to staffing and accomplish-
ments. 
‘‘(i) ANNUAL BUDGET DISPLAY.—(1) On an annual 
basis for each fiscal year, concurrently with the submission 
of the budget of the President for that fiscal year under sec-
tion 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the head of 
the office of primary responsibility for the Program, in co-
ordination with the appropriate members of the Program 
under subsection (b), shall submit to the congressional de-
fense committees a consolidated budget justification display 
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that covers all programs and activities associated with this 
section and any covered provision of law, including with 
respect to the matters listed in subsection (h). 
‘‘(2) Each display under paragraph (1) shall be sub-
mitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
annex. 
‘‘(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘covered armed force’ means the 
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space 
Force. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘covered statutory requirement’ 
means a requirement under any covered provision of 
law. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘covered provision of law’ means 
the following: 
‘‘(A) Section 1647 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public 
Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118). 
‘‘(B) Section 1650 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public 
Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note). 
‘‘(C) Section 1505 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public 
Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 note). 
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‘‘(D) Section 1559 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE BRIEFING RE-
QUIREMENT.—Section 1647 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 
(Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1118) is amend-
ed— 
(i) by striking subsection (c); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (d) 
through (j) as subsections (c) through (i), 
respectively. 
(B) REPEAL
OF
ADDITIONAL
DUPLICATE 
BRIEFING REQUIREMENT.—Section 1650 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 2224 
note) is amended— 
(i) by striking subsection (d); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (e) 
and (f) as subsections (d) and (e), respec-
tively. 
(C) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE PROVISION RE-
LATING
TO
STRATEGIC
CYBERSECURITY
PRO-
GRAM.—Section 1640 of the National Defense 
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Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public 
Law 115–9; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note) is repealed. 
(D) REPEAL
OF
DUPLICATE
BUDGET
RE-
QUIREMENT.—Section 1637 of the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 
U.S.C. 221 note) is repealed. 
(E) REPEAL OF DUPLICATE REPORTING RE-
QUIREMENT.—Section 1505 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 
(Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 394 note) is 
amended— 
(i) by striking subsection (h); and 
(ii) by redesignating subsections (i) 
and (j) as subsections (h) and (i), respec-
tively. 
(F) REPEAL
OF
ADDITIONAL
DUPLICATE 
BRIEFING
REQUIREMENT; REMOVAL
OF
REF-
ERENCE
TO
REPEALED
PROVISION.—Section 
1559 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 is 
amended— 
(i) by striking ‘‘, section 1637 of the 
John S. McCain National Defense Author-
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•HR 2670 RH1S 
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public 
Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 221 note),’’; and 
(ii) by striking subsection (f). 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of the 
office of primary responsibility for the Strategic Cybersecu-
rity Program under section 391b of title 10, United States 
Code, as added by subsection (a), shall submit to the con-
gressional defense committees a report setting forth the plan 
of the head to harmonize and interlink the annual reporting 
and annual budget display requirements under subsections 
(h) and (i) of such section, respectively, to ensure unity and 
a lack of duplication in such efforts. 
SEC. 1502. OFFICE FOR ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT RELATING 
TO CYBER ACTIVITIES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Chapter 111 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 2192b 
the following new section: 
‘‘§ 2192c. Office for academic engagement relating to 
cyber activities 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Defense, act-
ing through the Chief Information Officer of the Depart-
ment of Defense, shall establish an office to establish, main-
tain, and oversee any activities of the Department of De-
fense that pertain to the relationship between the Depart-
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ment and academia, including with entities involved in 
primary, secondary, or postsecondary education, with re-
spect to cyber-related matters (in this section referred to as 
the ‘Office’). 
‘‘(b) DIRECTOR.—The Office shall have a Director who 
shall report directly to the Chief Information Officer of the 
Department of Defense. An individual serving as Director 
shall, while so serving, be a member of the Senior Executive 
Service. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—(1) The Office shall be re-
sponsible for the following: 
‘‘(A) Serving as the consolidated focal point for 
engagements carried out between the Department of 
Defense and academia with respect to cyber-related 
matters. 
‘‘(B) Coordinating covered academic engagement 
programs for the Department of Defense. 
‘‘(C) Conducting ongoing analysis, as deter-
mined necessary by the Director, of the performance 
of cyber-related educational scholarships, camps, sup-
port efforts, and volunteer partnerships of the Depart-
ment of Defense. 
‘‘(D) Identifying actions the Secretary of Defense 
may take to improve the cyber skills of personnel 
within the Department of Defense through participa-
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tion by such personnel in covered academic engage-
ment programs, for the purposes of assisting the Sec-
retary in cyber-related matters and meeting the long- 
term national defense needs of the United States for 
personnel proficient in such skills. 
‘‘(E) Managing funds and resources for the Na-
tional Centers for Academic Excellence in Cybersecu-
rity program, the Department of Defense Cyber Schol-
arship Program, the National Defense University Col-
lege of Information and Cyberspace, the University 
Consortium for Cybersecurity, and the senior military 
colleges. 
‘‘(F) Establishing requirements, policies, and 
procedures to collect data on, and to monitor and 
evaluate, the performance of covered academic engage-
ment programs with respect to the involvement in 
such programs by the Department of Defense. 
‘‘(G) Monitoring and evaluating through appli-
cable performance measurements (including those es-
tablished pursuant to subparagraph (F)) the perform-
ance of covered academic engagement programs with 
respect to the involvement in such programs by the 
Department of Defense, and advising the Secretary of 
Defense on whether to continue, modify, or terminate 
such involvement. 
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‘‘(H) Making budgetary determinations, taking 
into consideration the findings of performance evalua-
tions under subparagraph (G), with respect to— 
‘‘(i) the involvement in covered academic 
engagement programs by the Department of De-
fense; and 
‘‘(ii) other matters relating to the respon-
sibilities under this subsection. 
‘‘(2) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the con-
trary, the Office shall be the office of primary responsibility 
for carrying out, among other legislative provisions, the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) Section 1633 of the John S. McCain Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 
(Public Law 115–232; 132 Stat. 2125). 
‘‘(B) Section 1640 of the John S. McCain Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 
(Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 2200 note). 
‘‘(C) Section 1649 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 
116–92; 133 Stat. 1758). 
‘‘(D) Section 1659 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 
116–92; 10 U.S.C. 391 note). 
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‘‘(E) Section 1710 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 
4086). 
‘‘(F) Section 1726 of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 
1599f note). 
‘‘(G) Section 1530 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 135 Stat. 2049). 
‘‘(H) Section 1532 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 10 U.S.C. 2191 note prec.). 
‘‘(I) Section 1505 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 
117–263). 
‘‘(J) Section 1535 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 
117–263). 
‘‘(d) AUTHORITY RELATING
TO COMPLIANCE.—The 
Secretary of Defense shall take such steps as may be nec-
essary to ensure that the Director of the Office has sufficient 
authority to compel and enforce compliance with any deci-
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sions or directives issued pursuant to the responsibilities 
under subsection (b). 
‘‘(e) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—In carrying out this 
section, the Director of the Office may, under any provision 
of this chapter or any other provision of this title providing 
for the support of educational programs in cyber-related 
matters (and unless otherwise specified in such provi-
sion)— 
‘‘(1) enter into contracts and cooperative agree-
ments; 
‘‘(2) make grants of financial assistance; 
‘‘(3) provide cash awards and other items; 
‘‘(4) accept voluntary services; and 
‘‘(5) support national competition judging, other 
educational event activities, and associated award 
ceremonies in connection with covered academic en-
gagement programs. 
‘‘(f) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER ENTITIES.—The Under 
Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the 
Secretaries concerned shall coordinate and collaborate with 
the Director of the Office on covered academic engagement 
programs sponsored by the Under Secretary as Science, 
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) pro-
grams and activities. 
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‘‘(g) COVERED ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘covered academic en-
gagement program’ means any of the following: 
‘‘(1) A primary, secondary, or post-secondary 
educational program with a cyber focus. 
‘‘(2) A program of the Department of Defense for 
the recruitment or retention of cyberspace civilian 
and military personnel, including scholarship pro-
grams. 
‘‘(3) An academic partnership focused on estab-
lishing cyber talent among the personnel referred to 
in paragraph (2).’’. 
(b) DEADLINE FOR ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary 
of Defense shall establish the office under section 2192c of 
title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), 
by not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
SEC. 1503. MODIFICATION TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
ENTERPRISE-WIDE PROCUREMENT OF CYBER 
DATA PRODUCTS AND SERVICES. 
Section 1521(a) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 
2224 note) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (6) as para-
graph (7); 
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(2) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘(1) through (5)’’ and inserting ‘‘(1) through 
(6)’’; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) Evaluating emerging cyber technologies, 
such as artificial intelligence-enabled security tools, 
for efficacy and applicability to the requirements of 
the Department of Defense.’’. 
SEC. 1504. AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH PROGRAM OF UNITED 
STATES CYBER COMMAND ON DARK WEB AND 
DEEP WEB ANALYSIS TOOLS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commander of the United 
States Cyber Command, pursuant to the authority provided 
under section 167b(d) of title 10, United States Code, may 
establish within such Command a program, or augment an 
existing such program, to integrate into the packages of 
tools distributed to the combatant commands tools for the 
analysis of information from locations on the Internet re-
ferred to as the ‘‘dark web’’ and ‘‘deep web’’. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—Under the program established or 
augmented under subsection (a), the Commander may— 
(1) develop a comprehensive and tailored ap-
proach to the use of open-source intelligence tools for 
the analysis and distribution of information collected 
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from the locations on the Internet described in sub-
section (a); 
(2) develop and validate technical requirements 
relating to such collection, analysis, and distribution, 
including with respect to data fidelity and data prov-
enance; 
(3) assess and acquire technologies to— 
(A) collect information from the locations 
specified in paragraph (1); and 
(B) analyze and, as appropriate, distribute 
such information; and 
(4) enable the cross-organizational sharing of 
such information across the Department of Defense. 
(c) ROLE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR 
CYBER POLICY.—Consistent with section 167b(d) of such 
title, the Commander shall implement this section subject 
to the authority, direction, and control of the Assistant Sec-
retary of Defense for Cyber Policy. 
SEC. 1505. MILITARY CYBERSECURITY COOPERATION WITH 
TAIWAN. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 
acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, 
in concurrence with the Secretary of State and in coordina-
tion with the Commander of the United States Cyber Com-
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mand and the Commander of the United States Indo-Pa-
cific Command, shall seek to cooperate with the Ministry 
of Defense of Taiwan on defensive military cybersecurity 
activities. 
(b) IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES.—In cooperating 
on defensive military cybersecurity activities with the Min-
istry of Defense of Taiwan under subsection (a), the Sec-
retary of Defense may carry out efforts to identify coopera-
tive activities to— 
(1) defend military networks, infrastructure, and 
systems; 
(2) counter malicious cyber activity that has 
compromised such military networks, infrastructure, 
and systems; 
(3) leverage United States commercial and mili-
tary cybersecurity technology and services to harden 
and defend such military networks, infrastructure, 
and systems; and 
(4) conduct combined cybersecurity training ac-
tivities and exercises. 
(c) BRIEFINGS.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary 
of State, shall provide to the appropriate congres-
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sional committees a briefing on the implementation of 
this section. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The briefing under paragraph 
(1) shall include the following: 
(A) A description of the feasibility and ad-
visability of cooperating with the Ministry of 
Defense of Taiwan on the defensive military cy-
bersecurity activities identified pursuant to sub-
section (b). 
(B) An identification of any challenges and 
resources that would be needed to addressed to 
conduct such cooperative activities. 
(C) An overview of efforts undertaken pur-
suant to this section. 
(D) Any other matters the Secretary deter-
mines relevant. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
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Subtitle B—Personnel 
SEC. 1521. AUTHORITY TO ACCEPT VOLUNTARY AND UN-
COMPENSATED SERVICES FROM CYBERSECU-
RITY EXPERTS. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Section 167b(d) of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) The Commander of the United States Cyber Com-
mand may accept voluntary and uncompensated services 
from cybersecurity experts, notwithstanding the provisions 
of section 1342 of title 31, and may delegate such authority 
to the chiefs of the armed forces.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL
AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
Section 167b of such title, as amended by subsection (a), 
is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘referred 
to as the ‘cyber command’ ’’ and inserting ‘‘re-
ferred to as the ‘United States Cyber Com-
mand’ ’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Cyber 
Command’’ and inserting ‘‘United States Cyber 
Command’’; 
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(2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘Cyber Com-
mand’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘United 
States Cyber Command’’; 
(3) in subsections (c) and (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘cyber command’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘United States 
Cyber Command’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘commander of the’’ each 
place it appears and inserting ‘‘Commander of 
the’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘commander of such com-
mand’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘Commander of such Command’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d)(3)(C), by striking ‘‘of the 
commander’’ and inserting ‘‘of the Commander’’. 
SEC. 1522. MATTERS RELATING TO MANAGEMENT OF 
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS CYBERSPACE 
OPERATIONS OFFICERS. 
(a) REQUIRED SERVICE.—Section 651(c) of title 10, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘or in the 
case of an unrestricted officer designated within a 
cyberspace occupational specialty’’ before the closing 
period; and 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
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(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘; or’’ 
and inserting a semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
closing period and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(C) in the case of an unrestricted officer who 
has been designated with a cyberspace occupational 
specialty, the period of obligated service specified in 
such contract or agreement.’’. 
(b) MINIMUM SERVICE REQUIREMENT FOR CERTAIN 
CYBERSPACE OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTIES.—Chapter 37 of 
title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section: 
‘‘§ 658. Minimum service requirement for certain 
cyberspace occupational specialties 
‘‘(a) CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS OFFICER.—The min-
imum service obligation for any member who successfully 
completes training in the armed forces in direct accession 
to the cyberspace operations officer occupational specialty 
of the Marine Corps shall be eight years. 
‘‘(b) SERVICE OBLIGATION DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘service obligation’ means the period of active duty 
or, in the case of a member of a reserve component who 
completed cyberspace operations training in an active duty 
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for training status as a member of a reserve component, 
the period of service in an active status in the Selected Re-
serve, required to be served after completion of cyberspace 
operations training.’’. 
SEC. 1523. MODIFICATIONS TO RATES OF PAY FOR CERTAIN 
CYBER-RELATED POSITIONS OF DEPARTMENT 
OF DEFENSE. 
Section 1599f of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in the heading, by striking ‘‘United 
States Cyber Command’’ and inserting ‘‘De-
partment of Defense cyber’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by striking ‘‘respon-
sibilities of the United States Cyber Command’’ and 
all that follows and inserting ‘‘cyber mission of the 
Department of Defense;’’; 
(3) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) BASIC PAY; SPECIAL RATES OF PAY.—(1) The 
Secretary shall fix the rates of basic pay for any qualified 
position established under subsection (a) in relation to the 
rates of pay provided for employees in comparable positions 
in the Department. 
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‘‘(2)(A) Notwithstanding part III of title 5, the Sec-
retary may, for one or more categories of qualified positions 
that require cyber expertise— 
‘‘(i) establish higher minimum rates of pay 
than those established under paragraph (1); and 
‘‘(ii) make corresponding increases in all 
rates of pay of the pay range for each grade or 
level, subject to paragraph (3) or (4). 
‘‘(B) The rates of pay under subparagraph (A) 
shall be basic pay for the same purposes specified in 
section 5305(j) of title 5. 
‘‘(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), a minimum 
rate of pay established for a category of positions under 
paragraph (2) may not exceed the maximum rate of basic 
pay (excluding any locality-based comparability payment 
under section 5304 of title 5 or similar provision of law) 
for the position in that category of positions without the 
authority of paragraph (1) by more than 30 percent, and 
no rate may be established under this section in excess of 
the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive 
Schedule under section 5315 of title 5. 
‘‘(4)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the Secretary 
may establish higher annual limitations on special rates 
of pay for positions or employees selected by the Secretary 
as follows: 
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‘‘(i) With respect to a qualified position that re-
quires cyber expertise for which the Secretary deter-
mines a higher rate is necessary, a rate of pay not 
to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level II of 
the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5. 
‘‘(ii) With respect to an individual that the Sec-
retary determines, by name, possesses advanced skills 
and competencies and performs critical functions that 
execute the cyber mission of the Department, a rate 
not to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for the 
Vice President under section 104 of title 3. 
‘‘(B) Employees receiving a special rate under 
subparagraph (A) shall be subject to an aggregate pay 
limitation that parallels the limitation established in 
section 5307 of title 5, except that— 
‘‘(i) any allowance, differential, bonus, 
award, or other similar cash payment in addi-
tion to basic pay that is authorized under this 
title, the applicable provisions of title 5, or any 
other applicable law (excluding the Fair Labor 
Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.)) 
shall be counted as part of aggregate compensa-
tion; and 
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‘‘(ii) aggregate compensation may not ex-
ceed the rate established for the Vice President of 
the United States under section 104 of title 3. 
‘‘(C) The number of individuals who receive 
basic pay established under subparagraph (A)(ii) 
may not exceed 1000 at any time. 
‘‘(5) If the Secretary of Defense removes a category of 
positions from coverage under a rate of pay authorized by 
paragraph (2) or (4) after that rate of pay takes effect— 
‘‘(A) the Secretary of Defense shall provide notice 
of the loss of coverage of the special rate of pay to 
each individual in such category; and 
‘‘(B) the loss of coverage will take effect on the 
first day of the first pay period after the date of the 
notice. 
‘‘(6) Subject to the limitations in this subsection, rates 
of pay established under this subsection by the Secretary 
of Defense may be revised from time to time.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (k)(5), by striking ‘‘the respon-
sibilities of the United States Cyber Command relat-
ing to cyber operations’’ and inserting ‘‘the cyber 
mission of the Department of Defense’’. 
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SEC. 1524. RESPONSIBILITY FOR CYBERSECURITY AND 
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION OF 
THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE. 
Section 1724 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (116–283; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note) 
is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘The Secretary 
of Defense shall designate the Principal Cyber Advisor 
of the Department of Defense’’ and inserting ‘‘Not 
later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2024, the Secretary of Defense shall designate a 
principal staff assistant from within the Office of the 
Secretary of Defense who shall serve’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘the Principal Cyber Advisor of the 
Department of Defense’’ and inserting ‘‘the prin-
cipal staff assistant designed under subsection 
(b)’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Sector 
Specific Agency’’ and inserting ‘‘Sector Risk 
Management Agency’’; 
(3) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘Principal 
Cyber Advisor of the Department of Defense’’ and in-
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serting ‘‘principal staff assistant designated under 
subsection (b)’’; and 
(4) in subsection (e)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘this Act’’ and inserting ‘‘the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2024’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Sector 
Specific Agency functions under Presidential 
Policy Directive-21 from non-cybersecurity Sec-
tor Specific Agency functions’’ and inserting 
‘‘functions of a Sector Risk Management Agency 
pursuant to section 9002 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (6 U.S.C. 
652a) from non-cybersecurity functions of a Sec-
tor Risk Management Agency’’; and 
(C) by striking paragraph (3). 
Subtitle C—Reports and Other 
Matters 
SEC. 1531. OVERSIGHT FOR COMMAND POST COMPUTING 
ENVIRONMENT CONTRACT AWARD. 
Not later than 14 days after the date on which the Sec-
retary of the Army awards a contract for the procurement 
of the ‘‘Command Post Computing Environment’’ program, 
the Secretary shall provide to the congressional defense com-
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mittees a written notification of the award, including an 
identification of the criteria used in the selection of the 
award recipient and any other information determined nec-
essary by the Secretary. 
SEC. 1532. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RE-
LATING TO CENSORSHIP OR BLACKLISTING 
OF NEWS SOURCES BASED ON SUBJECTIVE 
CRITERIA OR POLITICAL BIASES. 
(a) PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—None 
of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or 
otherwise made available for any fiscal year for the Depart-
ment of Defense may be obligated or expended to— 
(1) enter into any contract or other agreement 
with any entity described in subsection (b) or with 
any advertising or marketing agency that uses the 
functions described in subsection (b)(4) of such an en-
tity; or 
(2) provide any form of support to an entity de-
scribed in subsection (b). 
(b) ENTITIES DESCRIBED.—The entities described in 
this subsection are the following: 
(1) NewsGuard Technologies Inc., or any com-
pany owned or controlled by such entity. 
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(2) The Global Disinformation Index, incor-
porated in the United Kingdom as ‘‘Disinformation 
Index LTD’’. 
(3) Graphika Technologies Inc. or any company 
owned or controlled by such entity. 
(4) Any other entity the function of which is to 
advise the censorship or blacklisting of news sources 
based on subjective criteria or political biases, under 
the stated function of ‘‘fact checking’’ or otherwise re-
moving ‘‘misinformation’’. 
(c) CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.—Prior to the Sec-
retary of Defense entering into any contract or other agree-
ment (or extending, renewing, or otherwise modifying an 
existing contract or other agreement) with an entity for the 
purpose of that entity implementing military recruitment 
advertisements on behalf of the Department of Defense, the 
Secretary shall require, as a condition of such contract or 
agreement, that the entity certify to the Secretary that the 
entity is in compliance with subsection (a). 
SEC. 1533. GAO REVIEW OF CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS MAN-
AGEMENT. 
(a) REVIEW.—Not later than 150 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall conduct a comprehensive review of the 
management by the Secretary of Defense of matters relating 
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to the conduct of, and preparation for, cyberspace oper-
ations. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The review under subsection (a) shall 
include an evaluation and assessment by the Comptroller 
General of the following: 
(1) The number of commands, organizations, 
units, and personnel (including an identification of 
the rank and grade thereof) responsible for conducting 
cyberspace operations across the Department of De-
fense. 
(2) The command and control relationships asso-
ciated with such commands, organizations, units, and 
personnel. 
(3) The number of command staff, secretariats, 
organizations, units, and personnel (including an 
identification of the rank and grade thereof) with any 
responsibility for budgetary, personnel, policy, or 
training matters, including the management of such 
matters, affecting cyberspace operations across the De-
partment of Defense. 
(4) The ratio of personnel specified in paragraph 
(1) determined to be fully trained and qualified, as 
defined by the Commander of the United States Cyber 
Command, relative to the total number of such per-
sonnel assigned to operational billets. 
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(5) The ratio of personnel specified in paragraph 
(3), relative to the total number of personnel assigned 
to billets within the Cyber Mission Force of the 
United States Cyber Command. 
(6) How the ratio determined pursuant to para-
graph (5) with respect to the personnel described in 
such paragraph compares to such ratio with respect 
to personnel in other warfighting disciplines, such as 
air-to-air combat, infantry operations, or long range 
fires. 
(7) An assessment of potential duplication in ef-
fort or cost between the various entities specified in 
paragraph (3) with any responsibility for budgetary, 
personnel, policy, or training matters, including the 
management of such matters, affecting cyberspace op-
erations across the Department of Defense. 
(8) The extent to which there is a senior official 
of the Department of Defense who is accountable to 
the Secretary of Defense to ensure that the Depart-
ment of Defense has an effective and efficient force 
structure, and has trained and ready forces, necessary 
to conduct cyberspace operations at all echelons (in-
cluding strategic, operational, and tactical echelons). 
(9) Any other matters the Comptroller General 
determines appropriate. 
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(c) COMPONENTS TO BE CONSIDERED.—In carrying 
out the review under subsection (a), the Comptroller Gen-
eral shall take into consideration, at a minimum, the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Office of the Department of Defense Prin-
cipal Cyber Advisor. 
(2) Office of the Department of Defense Chief In-
formation Officer. 
(3) Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of 
Defense for Cyber Policy. 
(4) Office of the Deputy Director for Global Op-
erations, J-39, Joint Staff. 
(5) Office of the Director, Command, Control, 
Communications and Computers/Cyber and Chief In-
formation Officer, J-6, Joint Staff. 
(6) Office of the Department of the Army Prin-
cipal Cyber Advisor. 
(7) Office of the Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G- 
3/5/7. 
(8) Office of the Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G- 
2. 
(9) Office of the Army Deputy Chief of Staff, G- 
6. 
(10) United States Army Training & Doctrine 
Command. 
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(11) United States Army Cyber Command. 
(12) Office of the Department of the Navy Prin-
cipal Cyber Advisor. 
(13) Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Oper-
ations for Information Warfare. 
(14) United States Fleet Forces Command. 
(15) Naval Information Forces. 
(16) United States Fleet Cyber Command. 
(17) Office of the Department of the Air Force 
Principal Cyber Advisor. 
(18) Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intel-
ligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Cyber Ef-
fects Operations, A2/6, Air Staff. 
(19) Air Combat Command. 
(20) 16th Air Force. 
(21) Office of the United States Marine Corps 
Deputy Commandant for Information. 
(22) Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command. 
(23) Office of the Deputy Chief of Space Oper-
ations for Operations, Cyber, and Nuclear, Space 
Staff. 
(d) INTERIM BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 45 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 45 days 
thereafter until the date of the final submission under sub-
section (e), the Comptroller General shall provide to the con-
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gressional defense committees interim briefings on the as-
sessment under subsection (a). 
(e) FINAL SUBMISSION
OF RESULTS.—The Comp-
troller General shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees the final results of the assessment under sub-
section (a) in such form and at such time as may be mutu-
ally agreed upon by the Comptroller General and the com-
mittees. 
SEC. 1534. STUDY ON OCCUPATIONAL RESILIENCY OF 
CYBER MISSION FORCE. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Principal Cyber Advisor 
of the Department of Defense and the Undersecretary of De-
fense for Personnel and Readiness, in coordination with the 
principal cyber advisors of the military departments and 
the Commander of the United States Cyber Command, shall 
conduct a study on the personnel and resources required 
to enhance and support the occupational resiliency of the 
Cyber Mission Force. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The study under subsection (a) shall 
include the following: 
(1) An inventory of the resources and programs 
available to personnel assigned to the Cyber Mission 
Force, disaggregated by Armed Force and location. 
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(2) An assessment of the risk to the occupational 
resiliency of such personnel relative to the respective 
operational work role within the Cyber Mission Force 
(as defined by the Commander of the United States 
Cyber Command) and the number of such personnel 
available to perform operations in each such category 
of operational work role. 
(3) An evaluation of the extent to which per-
sonnel assigned to the Cyber Mission Force have been 
made aware of the resources and programs referred to 
in paragraph (1), and of measures required to im-
prove such awareness. 
(4) A determination by the Commander of the 
United States Cyber Command regarding the ade-
quacy and accessibility of such resources and pro-
grams for personnel assigned to the Cyber Mission 
Force. 
(5) Such other matters as may be determined 
necessary by the Principal Cyber Advisor of the De-
partment of Defense and the Undersecretary of De-
fense for Personnel and Readiness. 
(c) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Upon completing the 
study under subsection (a), the Principal Cyber Advisor of 
the Department of Defense and the Undersecretary of De-
fense for Personnel and Readiness shall submit to the con-
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gressional defense committees a report containing the re-
sults of such study. 
(d) OCCUPATIONAL RESILIENCY DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘occupational resiliency’’ means, with re-
spect to personnel assigned to the Cyber Mission Force, the 
ability of such personnel to mitigate the unique psycho-
logical factors that contribute to the degradation of mental 
health and job performance under such assignment. 
TITLE XVI—SPACE ACTIVITIES, 
STRATEGIC PROGRAMS, AND 
INTELLIGENCE MATTERS 
Subtitle A—Space Activities 
SEC. 1601. CLASSIFICATION REVIEW OF SPACE MAJOR DE-
FENSE ACQUISITION PROGRAMS. 
Chapter 135 of title 10, United States Code, is amend-
ed by inserting after section 2275a the following new sec-
tion: 
‘‘§ 2275b. Requirements for appropriate classification 
guidance. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Before a space major defense ac-
quisition program achieves Milestone B approval, or equiv-
alent, the milestone decision authority shall determine 
whether the classification guidance for the program remains 
appropriate and— 
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‘‘(1) if such guidance is determined to be appro-
priate, submit to the congressional defense committees 
a certification of such determination; or 
‘‘(2) if such guidance is determined to be inap-
propriate, initiate an update to such guidance. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘Milestone B approval’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 4172(e)(7) of this 
title. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘major defense acquisition pro-
gram’ has the meaning given such term in section 
4201 of this title. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘space major defense acquisition 
program’ means a major defense acquisition program 
for the acquisition of a satellite, ground system, or 
command and control system.’’. 
SEC. 1602. ENHANCED AUTHORITY TO INCREASE SPACE 
LAUNCH CAPACITY THROUGH SPACE LAUNCH 
SUPPORT SERVICES. 
Chapter 135 of title 10, United States Code, is amend-
ed by inserting after section 2276 the following new section: 
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‘‘§ 2276b. Special authority for provision of space 
launch support services to increase space 
launch capacity 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of a military de-
partment, pursuant to the authorities in this section or any 
other provision of law, may increase Federal and commer-
cial space launch capacity on any domestic real property 
under the control of the Secretary through the provision of 
space launch support services. 
‘‘(b) PROVISION OF LAUNCH EQUIPMENT AND SERV-
ICES TO COMMERCIAL ENTITIES.— 
‘‘(1) AGREEMENT
AUTHORITY.—The Secretary 
concerned may enter into contracts or other trans-
actions with commercial entities that intend to con-
duct space launch activities on a military installa-
tion under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. Any such 
agreement may include the provision of supplies, serv-
ices, equipment, and construction needed for commer-
cial space launch. 
‘‘(2) AGREEMENT COSTS.— 
‘‘(A) DIRECT
COSTS.—An agreement en-
tered into under paragraph (1) shall include a 
provision that requires the commercial entity en-
tering into the agreement to reimburse the De-
partment of Defense for all direct costs to the 
United States that are associated with the goods, 
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services, and equipment provided to the commer-
cial entity under the agreement. 
‘‘(B) INDIRECT
COSTS.—In addition, the 
contract may include a provision that requires 
the commercial entity to reimburse the Depart-
ment of Defense for such indirect costs as the 
Secretary concerned considers to be appropriate. 
In such a case, the contract may provide for the 
recovery of indirect costs through establishment 
of a rate, fixed price, or similar mechanism the 
Secretary concerned finds reasonable. 
‘‘(3) RETENTION OF FUNDS COLLECTED FROM 
COMMERCIAL USERS.—Amounts collected from a com-
mercial entity pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be 
credited to the appropriation accounts under which 
the costs associated with the agreement (direct and in-
direct) were incurred. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) SPACE LAUNCH.—The term ‘space launch’ 
includes all activities, supplies, equipment, facilities, 
or services supporting launch preparation, launch, re-
entry, recovery, and other launch-related activities for 
both the payload and the space transportation vehicle. 
‘‘(2) COMMERCIAL ENTITY.—The term ‘commer-
cial entity’ or ‘commercial’ means a non-Federal enti-
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ty organized under the laws of the United States or 
of any jurisdiction within the United States. 
‘‘(d) TRANSITION LIMITATIONS AND REPORTING RE-
QUIREMENTS.—For fiscal years 2024, 2025, and 2026, the 
Secretary concerned shall— 
‘‘(1) limit indirect costs reimbursed pursuant to 
subsection (b)(2)(B) to no more than 30 percent, not 
to exceed $5,000,000 annually, of total direct cost re-
imbursements required under any agreement author-
ized by subsection (b); and 
‘‘(2) not later than 90 days after each such fiscal 
year, submit to each of the congressional defense com-
mittees a briefing that— 
‘‘(A) identifies total direct and indirect 
amount reimbursed to each spaceport for the 
prior fiscal year; 
‘‘(B) describes support provided by reim-
bursed indirect costs for the prior fiscal year; 
and 
‘‘(C) identifies indirect rate and analysis 
used to determine the indirect rate for the next 
fiscal year.’’. 
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SEC. 1603. MODIFICATION TO PROHIBITION ON FOREIGN 
COMMERCIAL SATELLITE SERVICES. 
Section 2279(a) of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(4) the foreign entity plans to or is expected to 
receive satellite communication services and data 
downlinked to ground stations located within sov-
ereign territories shared via treaty with a covered for-
eign country.’’. 
SEC. 1604. AUTHORIZATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE 
NATIONAL SPACE INTELLIGENCE CENTER AS 
A FIELD OPERATING AGENCY. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law prohib-
iting the establishment of a field operating agency, the Sec-
retary of the Air Force may establish the National Space 
Intelligence Center as a field operating agency of the Space 
Force to analyze and produce scientific and technical intel-
ligence on space-based and counterspace threats from for-
eign adversaries. 
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SEC. 1605. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR WGS-12 SAT-
ELLITE. 
(a) PROHIBITION ON PROCUREMENT PENDING CER-
TIFICATION REGARDING COMMERCIAL PROVIDERS.—The 
Secretary of the Air Force may not issue a contract for the 
procurement of a WGS-12 satellite until the Assistant Sec-
retary of the Air Force for Space Acquisitions and Integra-
tion submits to the congressional defense committees certifi-
cation that the requirements established by the Department 
for the primary payload for the WGS-12 satellite cannot 
be met by a commercial provider. 
(b) PROHIBITION ON OPERATION OR LAUNCH.—None 
of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or 
otherwise made available for fiscal year 2024 for the De-
partment of Defense may be obligated or expended to oper-
ate or launch WGS-12 satellite. 
SEC. 1606. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS PENDING SUB-
MISSION OF CERTAIN REPORTS ON SPACE 
POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Congress established the office of Assistant 
Secretary of Defense for Space Policy in 2019 at the 
same time as the Space Force was established. 
(2) Despite elevating the position, the office has 
repeatedly not responded to mandates by Congress for 
unclassified reports on space policy topics. 
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(3) The threats to and from space by China and 
Russia have only increased since the establishment of 
the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy 
and the Space Force. 
(4) The Secretary of Defense has yet to submit 
to the congressional defense committees the report re-
quired by section 1609(c) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note) or the report required 
by section 1611(c)(1) of such Act. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) it is concerning that the office of the Assist-
ant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy has been 
given responsibility for issues not directly related to 
space policy, leading to the inability to complete the 
primary duty of the office. 
(2) The United States should have a well-estab-
lished and thoughtful national security space policy 
that can be discussed and debated in unclassified set-
tings. 
(3) Such a policy should be developed in con-
junction with, and taking into consideration, other 
relevant national strategy documents, including re-
views regarding nuclear and missile defense. 
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(c) LIMITATION.—Of the funds authorized to be appro-
priated by this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal 
year 2024 for the Department of Defense for travel by the 
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy, not more 
than 90 percent may be obligated or expended until the Sec-
retary of Defense submits both of the following reports: 
(1) The report on classified programs managed 
under the authority of the Space Force required by 
section 1609(c) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 
U.S.C. 2271 note). 
(2) The report on the review of the space policy 
of the Department of Defense required by section 
1611(c)(1) of such Act. 
(d) UPDATES OF SPACE POLICY REPORT.—Section 
1611(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81) is amended by striking 
paragraph (2) and inserting the following new paragraph 
(2): 
‘‘(2) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall provide for 
updates to the assessments, analyses, and evaluations 
carried out pursuant to such review in conjunction 
with other national strategy documents, including re-
views regarding nuclear and missile defense.’’. 
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SEC. 1607. NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE LAUNCH PROGRAM 
PHASE THREE ACQUISITION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) the United States Space Force must continue 
to ensure assured access to space through phase three 
of the national security space launch program; 
(2) the acquisition strategy covered in the brief-
ing provided to the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives in April 2023— 
(A) includes a dual-lane approach that is 
consistent 
with 
increasing 
competition 
for 
launch services needed by the future national se-
curity space architecture; and 
(B) balances introducing new launch pro-
viders and systems with meeting all required 
missions during the planned ordering period; 
(3) as the Secretary of Defense, in consultation 
with the Director of National Intelligence, completes 
the final request for proposals, it should consider in-
cluding funding for launch services support for lane 
1 missions that require specific national security 
space launch requirements, such as the Global Posi-
tioning Services IIIF satellites that are intended to be 
included in the ordering period; and 
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(4) the Department should ensure that objective 
readiness requirements are met by launch service pro-
viders before basic award in either lane. 
(b) PHASE THREE ACQUISITION STRATEGY.—In com-
petitively awarding and executing the phase three acquisi-
tion strategy, the Secretary of the Air Force, in coordina-
tion with the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition 
and Sustainment, shall— 
(1) maximize competition, to the extent prac-
ticable, for both lanes 1 and 2, as described in the 
briefing on the acquisition strategy provided to the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives in April 2023; 
(2) use lane 1 task or delivery order contracts 
to— 
(A) launch national security space payloads 
that require launch systems capable of lifting a 
minimum of 20,000 pounds mass to 100 nau-
tical miles; and 
(B) provide opportunities for new and 
emerging launch providers or systems to compete 
for national security space launch missions as 
such providers and systems become ready; 
(3) use lane 2, firm fixed-price indefinite deliv-
ery requirements contracts to— 
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(A) award contracts to national security 
space launch providers with launch systems that 
are capable of meeting all national security 
space launch design reference orbits; and 
(B) launch national security space low-risk 
tolerant payloads that require full mission assur-
ance that— 
(i) are performed by the national secu-
rity space launch program or 
(ii) have unique national security 
space mission requirements; and 
(4) in the case of any new or emerging national 
security space launch-class mission that is authorized 
for any of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 and is not 
identified in the phase three final request for pro-
posals reference manifest contract— 
(A) assign such mission to the lane 1 con-
tract referred to in paragraph (2); or 
(B) assign such mission to the lane 2 con-
tract referred to in paragraph (3), if the Sec-
retary determines that such a mission is has 
unique national security space or other Govern-
ment requirements that could not be met if the 
mission were assigned to the lane 1 contract. 
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(c) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.—If the Secretary 
assigns a mission to the lane 2 contract pursuant to sub-
section (b)(4)(B), the Secretary shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees, the Permanent Select Committee 
on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the Se-
lect Committee on Intelligence of the Senate notification of 
such assignment and the reason for such assignment. 
(d) PHASE
THREE
ACQUISITION
STRATEGY
DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘phase three acquisition 
strategy’’ means the process through which the Secretary of 
the Air Force— 
(1) enters into phase three contracts during fiscal 
year 2025; 
(2) orders launch missions during fiscal years 
2025 through 2029; and 
(3) carries out such launches under the national 
security space launch program. 
SEC. 1608. APPLICATION OF TNT EQUIVALENCY TO LAUNCH 
VEHICLES AND COMPONENTS USING METH-
ANE PROPELLANT. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States Government supports hav-
ing a robust space launch services market to support 
national security, civil, and commercial space activi-
ties. 
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(2) A majority of the new launch vehicles in de-
velopment, testing, and operation in the United 
States utilize methane and liquid oxygen as their pro-
pellants (LOX/LNG or methalox). 
(3) The United States Government has access to 
data and scientific modeling methods that support a 
TNT equivalency for methalox that is less than the 
default 100 percent TNT equivalency that is applied 
when no scientific data exists to characterize the ex-
plosive yield. 
(4) The United States Government is not consist-
ently applying data that supports a TNT equivalency 
of 25 percent at United States Government owned or 
licensed facilities. 
(5) The United States Government has initiated 
a LOX-Methane Assessment (LMA) working group; 
however, the working group’s methodology is not 
grounded in launch vehicle designs or test and launch 
operations. Further, the working group’s efforts are 
expected to take no less than 3 years to complete and 
cost the United States taxpayer no less than 
$80,000,000. 
(6) United States launch operators are incurring 
significant cost and diminished opportunities to oper-
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ate as a result of the United States Government’s in-
consistent policy on methalox. 
(7) The People’s Republic of China is already 
launching orbital launch vehicles that utilize liquid 
oxygen and methane. 
(b) INTERIM EQUIVALENCY DETERMINATION.—Effec-
tive on the date of the enactment of this Act, the interim 
determination of TNT equivalency applied to launch vehi-
cles and components of such vehicles using methane as pro-
pellant shall not exceed 25 percent for purposes of the explo-
sive siting and hazardous operations for test and operations 
of such launch vehicles and their components on or from 
any facility owned or licensed by the Federal Government. 
(c) IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR YIELD DETERMINA-
TIONS.—Not later than one year after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary 
of Transportation, and the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall establish a 
process through which scientifically-valid TNT equivalency 
determinations can be assessed for launch vehicles while in 
flight. 
(d) CERTIFICATION AND REPORT.—Not later than 90 
days after the completion of the joint assessment process 
conducted by the LOX-Methane Assessment working group, 
the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, 
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and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees— 
(1) a certification verifying that the Secretaries 
and the Administrator reviewed the results of such 
joint assessment process and have agreed upon a new 
TNT equivalency determination that will be applied 
by the Federal Government to launch vehicles and 
components of such vehicles using methane as propel-
lant; and 
(2) a report describing how the implementation 
of that new TNT equivalency determination is ex-
pected to affect commercial space launch activities 
and national security. 
(e) SUNSET.—Subsection (b) shall have no force or ef-
fect after the expiration of the period of 180 days following 
the submittal of the certification and report required under 
subsection (d). 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the following: 
(A) The congressional defense committees. 
(B) The Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate. 
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(C) The Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives. 
(D) The Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives. 
(2) The term ‘‘launch vehicle’’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 50902 of title 51, United 
States Code. 
(3) The term ‘‘LOX-Methane Assessment working 
group’’ means the interagency working group that— 
(A) is comprised of representatives from the 
Department of Defense, the Department of 
Transportation, and the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration; and 
(B) as of the date of the enactment of this 
Act, is studying the explosive characteristics of 
liquid oxygen and methane. 
(4) The term ‘‘TNT equivalency’’ means a unit 
of energy equivalent to the energy released during det-
onation of trinitrotoluene (TNT). 
SEC. 1609. PLAN TO IMPROVE THREAT-SHARING ARRANGE-
MENTS WITH COMMERCIAL SPACE OPERA-
TORS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
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(1) commercial space providers that contract 
with the Department of Defense are vulnerable to 
physical and cyber threats; and 
(2) United States Space Command has estab-
lished the commercial integration cell to aid in the 
integration and protection of United States satellites 
and to build awareness of threats. 
(b) PLAN FOR THREAT SHARING WITH COMMERCIAL 
SPACE OPERATORS.—The Assistant Secretary of the Air 
Force for Space Acquisitions and Integration, in consulta-
tion with the Commander of United States Space Com-
mand, shall develop a plan to expand existing threat-shar-
ing arrangements with commercial space operators that are 
under contract with the Department of Defense, as of the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary of the 
Air Force for Space Acquisitions, in coordination with the 
Commander of United States Space Command, shall submit 
to the congressional defense committees a report on the plan 
required under subsection (b). 
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SEC. 1610. PLAN FOR AN INTEGRATED AND RESILIENT SAT-
ELLITE 
COMMUNICATIONS 
ARCHITECTURE 
FOR THE SPACE FORCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Air Force, in 
coordination with the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force 
for Space Acquisition and Integration and the Chief of 
Space Operations, shall— 
(1) as part of the force design process for the 
Space Force, consider options for the integration re-
silient military tactical satellite communications ca-
pabilities; 
(2) develop a plan for the integration of such ca-
pabilities into the Space Force, as required under 
subsection (b); and 
(3) ensure that a geostationary small satellite 
communications constellation is evaluated for inclu-
sion as a component of the space data transport force 
design of the Space Force through, at minimum, the 
end of fiscal year 2027. 
(b) PLAN FOR INTEGRATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Air 
Force, in coordination with the Assistant Secretary of 
the Air Force for Space Acquisition and Integration 
and the Chief of Space Operations, shall develop a 
plan for an integrated and resilient satellite commu-
nications architecture for the Space Force. 
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(2) ELEMENTS.—The plan under paragraph (1) 
shall include, at a minimum, options for— 
(A) leveraging commercially available geo-
stationary small satellite communications tech-
nology developed and produced in the United 
States; 
(B) ensuring sufficient funding for such an 
integration; 
(C) including the unique requirements for 
small 
satellite 
communications 
constellation 
throughout the acquisition and deployment pe-
riod, including support for global X-band cov-
erage and support for secure communications 
waveforms using on-board digital processing; 
and 
(D) potential integration of such geo-
stationary small satellite communications capa-
bility into the enterprise satellite communica-
tions 
management 
and 
control 
(commonly 
known as ‘‘ESC–MC’’) implementation plan of 
the Department of Defense. 
(3) BRIEFING.—Not later than the date specified 
in paragraph (4), than the Secretary of the Air Force 
shall provide to the congressional defense committees 
a briefing on the plan developed under paragraph (1). 
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(4) DATE SPECIFIED.—The date specified in this 
subsection is the earlier of— 
(A) July 1, 2024; or 
(B) the date on which the Secretary of the 
Air Force completes the space data transport 
force design for the Space Force. 
SEC. 1611. PROCESS AND PLAN FOR SPACE FORCE SPACE 
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Assistant Secretary of the Air 
Force for Space Acquisitions and Integration, in consulta-
tion with Chief of Space Operations, shall— 
(1) establish a process to regularly identify and 
evaluate commercial space situational awareness ca-
pabilities, including the extent to which commercial 
space situational awareness data could meet Space 
Force space situational awareness needs; and 
(2) develop and implement a plan to integrate 
the unified data library into Space Force operational 
systems, including space situational awareness and 
Space command and control missions. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a report con-
taining a description of the process and plan required 
under subsection (a). 
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SEC. 1612. REPORT ON NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE VEHI-
CLE PROCESSING CAPABILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than April 1, 2024, the 
Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report on— 
(1) the projected needs for national security 
space vehicle processing capabilities; and 
(2) the potential for public-private partnerships 
to enable new projected payload processing providers 
to add processing capabilities. 
(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
Subtitle B—Nuclear Forces 
SEC. 1631. ESTABLISHMENT OF MAJOR FORCE PROGRAM 
FOR NUCLEAR COMMAND, CONTROL, AND 
COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAMS. 
Chapter 9 of title 10, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
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‘‘§ 239e. Nuclear command, control, and communica-
tions: major force program and budget as-
sessment 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF MAJOR FORCE PROGRAM.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall establish a unified major 
force program for nuclear command, control, and commu-
nications programs pursuant to section 222(b) of this title 
to prioritize such programs in accordance with the require-
ments of the Department of Defense and national security. 
‘‘(b) BUDGET ASSESSMENT.—(1) The Secretary shall 
include with the defense budget materials for each of fiscal 
years 2025 through 2030 a report on the budget for nuclear 
command, control, and communications programs of the 
Department of Defense. 
‘‘(2) Each report on the budget for nuclear command, 
control, and communications programs of the Department 
under paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
‘‘(A) An overview of the budget, including— 
‘‘(i) a comparison between that budget, the 
previous budget, the most recent and prior fu-
ture-years defense program submitted to Con-
gress under section 221 of this title (such com-
parison shall exclude the responsibility for re-
search and development of the continuing im-
provement of such nuclear command, control, 
and communications program), and the amounts 
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appropriated for such nuclear command, control, 
and communications programs during the pre-
vious fiscal year; and 
‘‘(ii) the specific identification, as a budg-
etary line item, for the funding under such pro-
grams. 
‘‘(B) An assessment of the budget, including sig-
nificant changes, priorities, challenges, and risks. 
‘‘(C) Any additional matters the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
‘‘(3) Each report under paragraph (1) shall be sub-
mitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
annex. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘budget’, with respect to a fiscal 
year, means the budget for that fiscal year that is 
submitted to Congress by the President under section 
1105(a) of title 31. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘defense budget materials’, with 
respect to a fiscal year, means the materials sub-
mitted to Congress by the Secretary of Defense in sup-
port of the budget for that fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘nuclear command, control, and 
communications programs’ means programs through 
which presidential authority and operational com-
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mand and control of nuclear weapons is conducted, 
including programs that facilitate senior-level deci-
sions on nuclear weapons employment.’’. 
SEC. 1632. REPEAL OF REQUIREMENT FOR REVIEW OF NU-
CLEAR DETERRENCE POSTURES. 
Section 1753 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 133 Stat. 
1852) is repealed. 
SEC. 1633. RETENTION OF CAPABILITY TO REDEPLOY MUL-
TIPLE 
INDEPENDENTLY 
TARGETABLE 
RE-
ENTRY VEHICLES. 
Section 1057 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113–66; 10 U.S.C. 
495 note) is amended by inserting ‘‘and Sentinel’’ after 
‘‘Minuteman III’’ both places it appears. 
SEC. 1634. PILOT PROGRAM ON DEVELOPMENT OF RE-
ENTRY VEHICLES AND RELATED SYSTEMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Air Force may 
carry out a pilot program, to be known as the ‘‘Reentry 
Vehicle Flight Test Bed Program’’, to assess the feasibility 
of providing regular flight test opportunities that support 
the development of reentry vehicles to— 
(1) facilitate technology upgrades tested in a re-
alistic flight environment; 
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(2) provide an enduring, high-cadence test bed to 
mature technologies for planned reentry vehicles; and 
(3) transition technologies developed under other 
programs, prototype projects, or research and develop-
ment programs related to long-range ballistic or 
hypersonic strike missiles. 
(b) GRANTS, CONTRACTS, 
AND
OTHER
AGREE-
MENTS.— 
(1) AUTHORITY.—In carrying out a pilot pro-
gram under this section, the Secretary may make 
grants and enter into contracts or other agreements 
with appropriate entities for the conduct of relevant 
flight tests of reentry vehicles and systems. 
(2) USE OF FUNDS.—An entity that receives a 
grant, or enters into a contract or other agreement, 
as part of a pilot program carried out under this sec-
tion shall use the grant, or any amount received 
under the contract or other agreement, to carry out 
one or more of the following activities: 
(A) Conducting flight tests to develop or 
validate— 
(i) aeroshell design; 
(ii) thermal protective systems; 
(iii) guidance and control systems; 
(iv) sensors; 
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(v) communications; 
(vi) environmental sensors; or 
(vii) other relevant technologies. 
(B) Expanding flight test opportunities 
through low-cost, high cadence platforms. 
(c) COORDINATION.—If the Secretary of the Air Force 
carries out a pilot program under this section, the Secretary 
shall ensure that the activities under the pilot program are 
carried out in coordination with the Secretary of Defense 
and the Secretary of the Navy. 
(d) TERMINATION.—The authority to carry out a pilot 
program under this section shall terminate on December 31, 
2029. 
SEC. 1635. INTEGRATED MASTER SCHEDULE FOR THE SEN-
TINEL MISSILE PROGRAM OF THE AIR FORCE. 
(a) DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under 
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment, act-
ing through the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Ac-
quisition, Technology, and Logistics, shall submit to the 
congressional defense committees an approved integrated 
master schedule for the Sentinel missile program of the Air 
Force. 
(b) QUARTERLY BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, an on a quarterly 
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basis thereafter until January 1, 2029, the Secretary of the 
Air Force shall provide to the congressional defense commit-
tees a briefing on the progress of the Sentinel missile pro-
gram. 
(c) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 30 days after the 
Secretary of the Air Force becomes aware of an event that 
is expected to delay, by more than one fiscal quarter, the 
date on which Sentinel missile achieves initial operational 
capability (as set forth in the integrated master schedule 
submitted under subsection (a)), the Secretary shall— 
(1) submit notice of such delay to the congres-
sional defense committees; and 
(2) include with such notice— 
(A) an explanation of the factors causing 
such delay; and 
(B) a plan to prevent or minimize the du-
ration of such delay. 
SEC. 1636. FORM OF CONTRACTING AUTHORIZED TO MITI-
GATE RISK TO SENTINEL PROGRAM SCHED-
ULE AND COST. 
Notwithstanding section 3323(a) of title 10, United 
States Code, the Secretary of Defense may authorize con-
tracts using cost-plus incentive-fee contracting for military 
construction projects associated with the Sentinel Inter-
continental Ballistic Missile program launch facilities, con-
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trol centers, and related infrastructure for not more than 
the first two low-rate initial production lots. 
SEC. 1637. NOTIFICATION OF DECISION TO DELAY STRA-
TEGIC DELIVERY SYSTEM TEST EVENT. 
(a) NOTIFICATION AND REPORT.—Not later than five 
days after the Secretary of Defense makes a decision to 
delay a scheduled test event for a strategic delivery system, 
the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense com-
mittees written notice of such decision together with a re-
port on the decision. 
(b) ELEMENTS REQUIRED.—The report required by 
subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) A description of the objectives of the test. 
(2) An explanation for the decision to cancel the 
test. 
(3) An estimate of expenditures related to the 
cancelled test. 
(4) An assessment of the effect of the test can-
cellation on— 
(A) confidence in the reliability of the stra-
tegic nuclear weapons delivery system involved; 
and 
(B) any research, development, test, and 
evaluation activities related to the test. 
(5) A plan to reschedule the test event. 
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SEC. 1638. PROHIBITION ON REDUCTION OF THE INTER-
CONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILES OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), none of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this 
Act or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2024 for the 
Department of Defense may be obligated or expended for 
the following, and the Department may not otherwise take 
any action to do the following: 
(1) Reduce, or prepare to reduce, the responsive-
ness or alert level of the intercontinental ballistic mis-
siles of the United States. 
(2) Reduce, or prepare to reduce, the quantity of 
deployed intercontinental ballistic missiles of the 
United States to a number less than 400. 
(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition in subsection (a) 
shall not apply to any of the following activities: 
(1) The maintenance or sustainment of inter-
continental ballistic missiles. 
(2) Ensuring the safety, security, or reliability of 
intercontinental ballistic missiles. 
(3) Facilitating the transition from the Minute-
man III intercontinental ballistic missile to the Sen-
tinel intercontinental ballistic missile (previously re-
ferred to as the ‘‘ground-based strategic deterrent 
weapon’’). 
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SEC. 1639. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR 
RETIREMENT OF B83–1 NUCLEAR GRAVITY 
BOMBS. 
(a) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—Except as pro-
vided by subsection (b), none of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available for 
fiscal year 2024 for the Department of Defense or the De-
partment of Energy for the deactivation, dismantlement, or 
retirement of the B83–1 nuclear gravity bomb may be obli-
gated or expended to deactivate, dismantle, or retire more 
than 25 percent of the B83–1 nuclear gravity bombs that 
were in the active stockpile as of September 30, 2022, until 
a period of 90 days has elapsed following the date on which 
the Secretary of Defense submits to the Committees on 
Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representa-
tives the study required under section 1674(a) of the James 
M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263). 
(b) EXCEPTION.—The limitation on the use of funds 
under subsection (a) shall not apply to the deactivation, 
dismantling, or retirement of B83–1 nuclear gravity bombs 
for the purpose of supporting safety and surveillance, 
sustainment, life extension, or modification programs for 
the B83–1 or other weapons currently in, or planned to be-
come part of, the nuclear weapons stockpile of the United 
States. 
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SEC. 1640. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FOR 
NAVAL NUCLEAR FUEL SYSTEMS BASED ON 
LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this 
Act or otherwise made available for the National Nuclear 
Security Administration may be obligated or expended to 
conduct research or development relating to an advanced 
naval nuclear fuel system based on low-enriched uranium. 
SEC. 1641. ESTABLISHMENT OF NUCLEAR SEA-LAUNCHED 
CRUISE MISSILE PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense shall establish and commence implementation of a nu-
clear sea-launched cruise missile program (referred to in 
this section as the ‘‘SLCM-N Program’’). 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the SLCM-N Pro-
gram shall be— 
(1) to provide the United States with a needed 
nonstrategic nuclear capability and make that capa-
bility available to the Department of Defense; 
(2) to strengthen tailored deterrence of regional 
adversaries; and 
(3) to assure allies and partners of the United 
States of the Nation’s commitment to their defense. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.—Under the SLCM-N Program, the 
Secretary of Defense shall— 
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(1) accelerate and conclude research and develop-
ment activities for nuclear sea-launched cruise mis-
siles and transition such missiles to the procurement 
and fielding phases; 
(2) conduct a concept of operations study to in-
form the fielding of nuclear sea-launched cruise mis-
siles aboard platforms identified by the Navy, includ-
ing the Virginia class submarine; 
(3) designate the nuclear sea-launched cruise 
missile as an Acquisition Category ID (ACAT ID) 
program in accordance with Department of Defense 
Instruction 5000.85, titled ‘‘Major Capability Acqui-
sition’’, dated November 4, 2021; and 
(4) ensure that the missiles developed under the 
program achieve initial operational capability not 
later than September 30, 2031. 
(d) WARHEAD DEVELOPMENT.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator for Nuclear Security shall initiate phase 6.2 of the 
nuclear sea-launched cruise missile warhead designated 
W80–4 ALT. 
(e) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to supersede or otherwise alter the organi-
zational relationships and responsibilities of departments 
and agencies of the Federal Government regarding oversight 
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and management of ongoing activities relating to the nu-
clear sea-launched cruise missile. 
SEC. 1642. QUARTERLY REPORTS ON PROGRESS OF SEA- 
LAUNCHED CRUISE MISSILE–NUCLEAR PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 15 days after the 
last day of each fiscal quarter until the termination date 
specified in subsection (c)— 
(1) the Secretary of the Navy shall submit to the 
congressional defense committees a report on the exe-
cution of funding appropriated for the Sea-Launched 
Cruise Missile–Nuclear program; and 
(2) the Administrator for Nuclear Security shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a re-
port on the execution of funding appropriated for the 
W80-4 nuclear warhead variant under development 
for such program. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—Each report required under sub-
section (a) shall include, with respect to the program or 
variant, respectively, each of the following: 
(1) A description of ongoing and completed ac-
tivities. 
(2) A schedule and summary of activities 
planned for the fiscal quarter following the fiscal 
quarter during which the report is submitted. 
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(3) A description of each contract awarded under 
the program, including a description of the type of 
contract and the status of the contract. 
(4) A description of the status of funding for the 
program or variant, including identification of— 
(A) any obligations and expenditures that 
have been made; and 
(B) any obligations and expenditures that 
are planned. 
(5) An assessment of the status of the program 
or variant with respect to technological maturity. 
(c) TERMINATION DATE.—The requirement to submit 
reports under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date on 
which the Secretary of Defense provides to the congressional 
defense committees a certification that the nuclear-capable 
sea launched cruise missile system under development by 
the Navy has achieved full operational capability. 
SEC. 1643. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION OF NUCLEAR 
COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA. 
If the Commander of United States Strategic Com-
mand determines, after consultation with the Director of 
the Defense Intelligence Agency, that militarily significant 
cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China related to nuclear or strategic capa-
bilities is likely to occur or has likely occurred, the Com-
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mander shall submit to the congressional defense committees 
a notification of such determination that includes— 
(1) a description of the military significant co-
operation; and 
(2) an assessment of the implication of such co-
operation for the United States with respect to nu-
clear deterrence, extended deterrence, assurance, and 
defense. 
SEC. 1644. REPORT ON ACCELERATION OF NUCLEAR MOD-
ERNIZATION PRIORITIES. 
The Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 
Sustainment shall submit to the congressional defense com-
mittees a report that includes an identification of any addi-
tional authorities and reforms necessary to allow the De-
partment of Defense to accelerate its current nuclear mod-
ernization priorities. 
Subtitle C—Missile Defense 
Programs 
SEC. 1661. QUALIFICATIONS OF DIRECTOR OF MISSILE DE-
FENSE AGENCY. 
Section 205(a) of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting ‘‘a general or flag officer’’ after ‘‘shall 
be’’. 
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SEC. 1662. NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENSE POLICY. 
Subsection (a) of section 1681 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114– 
328; 10 U.S.C. 4205 note) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States— 
‘‘(1) to research, develop, test, procure, deploy, 
and sustain, with funding subject to the annual au-
thorization of appropriations for National Missile De-
fense, systems that provide effective, layered missile 
defense capabilities to defeat increasingly complex 
missile threats in all phases of flight; and 
‘‘(2) to maintain a credible nuclear capability as 
the foundation of strategic deterrence.’’. 
SEC. 1663. PROGRAMS TO ACHIEVE INITIAL AND FULL 
OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES FOR THE GLIDE 
PHASE INTERCEPTOR PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM TO ACHIEVE INITIAL OPERATIONAL CA-
PABILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, act-
ing through the Director of the Missile Defense Agency 
and in coordination with the officials specified in 
subsection (d), shall carry out a program to achieve, 
by not later than December 31, 2029, an initial oper-
ational capability for the Glide Phase Interceptor as 
described in paragraph (2). 
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(2) REQUIRED CAPABILITIES.—For purposes of 
paragraph (1), the Glide Phase Interceptor program 
shall be considered to have achieved initial oper-
ational capability if— 
(A) the Glide Phase Interceptor is capable 
of defeating, in the glide phase, any endo-atmos-
pheric hypersonic vehicles that are known to the 
Department of Defense and fielded as of the date 
of the enactment of this Act; and 
(B) not fewer than 12 Glide Phase Inter-
ceptor missiles have been fielded. 
(b) PROGRAM TO ACHIEVE FULL OPERATIONAL CAPA-
BILITY.— 
(1) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—The Secretary of De-
fense, acting through the Director of the Missile De-
fense Agency and in coordination with the officials 
specified in subsection (d), shall carry out a program 
to achieve, by not later than December 31, 2032, full 
operational capability for the Glide Phase Interceptor 
as described in paragraph (2). 
(2) REQUIRED CAPABILITIES.—For purposes of 
paragraph (1), the Glide Phase Interceptor program 
shall be considered to have achieved full operational 
capability if— 
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(A) the Glide Phase Interceptor is capable 
of defeating, in the glide phase, any endo-atmos-
pheric hypersonic vehicles— 
(i) that are known to the Department 
of Defense and fielded as of the date of the 
enactment of this Act; and 
(ii) that the Department of Defense ex-
pects to be fielded before the end of 2040; 
(B) not fewer than 24 Glide Phase Inter-
ceptor missiles have been fielded; and 
(C) the Glide Phase Interceptor has the abil-
ity to be operated collaboratively with space- 
based or terrestrial sensors that the Department 
of Defense expects to be deployed before the end 
of 2032. 
(c) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AUTHORIZED.—The 
Director of the Missile Defense Agency is authorized to enter 
into a cooperative development agreement with one or more 
international partners of the United States for the develop-
ment of the full operational capability described in sub-
section (b). 
(d) OFFICIALS SPECIFIED.—The officials specified in 
this subsection are the following: 
(1) The Under Secretary of Defense for Research 
and Engineering. 
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(2) The Secretary of the Navy. 
(3) The Commander of the United States Indo- 
Pacific Command. 
(4) The Commander of the United States Euro-
pean Command. 
SEC. 1664. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON MULTIPOLAR DE-
TERRENCE AND ESCALATION DYNAMICS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall seek to enter into an agreement with a university af-
filiated research center with expertise in strategic deterrence 
to conduct research and analysis on multipolar deterrence 
and escalation dynamics. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The research and analysis conducted 
under subsection (a) shall include assessment of the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Implications for strategic deterrence and al-
lied assurance given the emergence of a second near- 
peer nuclear power. 
(2) Potential alternative conventional, strategic, 
and nuclear force structures to optimize deterrence of 
two near-peer nuclear powers. 
(3) The contribution made by countervailing 
nonstrategic capabilities to strategic deterrence. 
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(4) Escalation patterns arising from Russia’s 
Strategic Operations to Destroy Critically Important 
Targets operational concept and response options for 
the United States. 
(5) Multilateral efforts that could contribute to 
multipolar strategic deterrence and escalation dynam-
ics. 
(6) Capabilities and operations sufficient to as-
sure European and Pacific allies. 
(c) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 2025, 
the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report that includes the 
results of the research and analysis conducted under 
subsection (a). 
(2) FORM.—The report under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
SEC. 1665. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS PENDING SUB-
MISSION OF REPORT ON MISSILE DEFENSE 
INTERCEPTOR SITE. 
Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act 
for fiscal year 2024 for the Office of the Under Secretary 
of Defense for Policy, for travel, not more than 80 percent 
may be obligated or expended until the date on which the 
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Secretary of Defense submits to the congressional defense 
committees the report on the requirement for a missile de-
fense interceptor site in the contiguous United States re-
quired by section 1665 of the James M. Inhofe National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 
117– 263). 
SEC. 1666. REPORT ON HAWAII MISSILE DEFENSE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The budget justification materials submitted 
by the Secretary of Defense support of the budget of 
the President for fiscal year 2023 effectively cancelled 
all activities for the Homeland Defense Radar—Ha-
waii due to ongoing reevaluation of the missile de-
fense posture and sensor architecture in the area of 
responsibility of the United States Indo-Pacific Com-
mand. 
(2) The budget justification materials submitted 
by the Secretary of Defense support of the budget of 
the President for fiscal year 2024 include $40,000,000 
for the Hawaii Air Route Surveillance Radar Version 
4 (ARSR-4), which is intended to ‘‘address Depart-
ment of Defense capability gaps driven by new threats 
and provide dual use for Hawaii for Air Traffic Con-
trol and weather monitoring’’. 
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(3) Briefings provided by the Department of De-
fense indicated a very limited viewing area for this 
proposed radar, which does not support adequate 
warning or discrimination of threats, and the request 
for ARSR-4 does not include any effort associated 
with integrating the radar to the overall missile de-
fense sensor architecture to support increased defen-
sive capabilities for Hawaii. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a report on 
the findings of the review conducted by the Secretary of the 
integrated air and missile defense sensor architecture of the 
United States Indo-Pacific Command, and specific pro-
grams of record which support additional sensor coverage 
for the state of Hawaii. Such report shall include an identi-
fication of— 
(1) the investments that should be made to in-
crease the detection of nonballistic threats and im-
prove the discrimination of ballistic missile threats, 
particularly with regards to Hawaii; and 
(2) investments to integrate any sensors into the 
missile defense system to assist with protection of the 
State. 
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SEC. 1667. REPORT ON POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENTS TO 
AEGIS ASHORE SITES IN POLAND AND ROMA-
NIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Missile 
Defense Agency shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees a report on potential enhancements to Aegis 
Ashore sites in Poland and Romania. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall include— 
(1) an assessment of the feasibility and advis-
ability of— 
(A) enhancing associated sensor systems to 
detect a broader array of missile threats; 
(B) fielding a mixed fleet of defensive inter-
ceptor systems; and 
(C) physical hardening of the facilities; 
(2) a funding profile, by year, detailing the com-
plete costs associated with any options assessed under 
paragraph (1); and 
(3) such other information as the Director con-
siders appropriate. 
(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report submitted under 
subsection (a) shall be in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
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SEC. 1668. RESCISSION OF MEMORANDUM ON MISSILE DE-
FENSE GOVERNANCE. 
Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall rescind Directive- 
type Memorandum 20-002 relating to ‘‘Missile Defense Sys-
tem Policies and Governance’’. 
SEC. 1669. POLICY AND REPORT ON NORTH ATLANTIC 
TREATY 
ORGANIZATION 
EFFECTIVE 
INTE-
GRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE CAPA-
BILITIES IN EUROPE. 
(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States to 
contribute integrated air and missile defense capabilities, 
such as forward deployed AN/TPY-2 radars and Aegis 
Ashore sites, to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to 
defeat increasingly complex threats to the United States 
Armed Forces and the military forces of member countries 
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Europe. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) NATO REPORT.—Not later than 270 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall provide to the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization Conference of National Arma-
ments Directors for Ballistic Missile Defense a report 
containing options to improve the existing integrated 
air and missile defense architecture to detect, track, 
and defend against increasingly complex adversarial 
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missile threats to the territory of member countries of 
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and deployed 
members of the United States Armed Forces. 
(2) CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING.—Not later than 
14 days after the completion of the report required 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall 
provide to the congressional defense committees a 
briefing on the options contained in the report and 
the steps necessary to implement any such option that 
is agreed to by the member countries of the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization. 
SEC. 1670. INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF SPACE-BASED MIS-
SILE DEFENSE CAPABILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, 
acting through the Director of the Missile Defense Agency, 
shall seek to enter into an arrangement with an appropriate 
federally funded research and development center to update 
the study referred to in subsection (c). 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The assessment conducted for pur-
poses of updating the study shall, at a minimum, include 
analysis of the following matters: 
(1) The extent to which space-based capabilities 
would address current and evolving missile threats to 
the United States and United States deployed forces. 
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(2) The maturity levels of technologies necessary 
for an operational space-based missile defense capa-
bility. 
(3) Potential options for developing, fielding, op-
erating, and sustaining a space-based missile defense 
capability, including estimations of cost and assess-
ments of effectiveness for different architectures. 
(4) The technical risks, knowledge gaps, or other 
challenges associated with the development and oper-
ation of space-based interceptor capabilities. 
(5) Estimated costs for developing and deploying 
such capability. 
(6) The ability of the Department of Defense to 
protect and defend on-orbit space-based missile de-
fense capabilities, including any recommendations for 
resiliency requirements that would be needed to en-
sure the effectiveness of such capabilities. 
(c) STUDY SPECIFIED.—The study referred to in this 
subsection is the study conducted by the federally funded 
research and development center known as the ‘‘Institute 
for Defense Analysis’’ examining the feasibility and advis-
ability of developing a space-based missile defense capa-
bility. 
(d) REPORTS.— 
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