I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1866 
To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure research and 
development program at the Department of Energy, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 11, 2021 
Mr. ZELDIN (for himself, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. GONZALEZ of Ohio, Mr. 
WALTZ, Mr. BAIRD, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. GIMENEZ, Mrs. KIM of Cali-
fornia, Mr. VALADAO, and Mr. POSEY) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To establish and support a quantum network infrastructure 
research and development program at the Department 
of Energy, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum Network In-
frastructure Act of 2021’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8801) is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating paragraph (7) as para-
graph (8); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 
any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 
to enable the development and deployment of scal-
able and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 
SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK IN-
FRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure 
in order to— 
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tate new quantum infrastructure methods and tech-
nologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 
loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec-
tions, and classical networking and cybersecu-
rity protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 
state sources and transmission, control, and 
measurement of quantum states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 
short range local connections between quantum 
processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 
signals between optical and telecommunications 
regimes and quantum computer-relevant do-
mains, including microwaves; 
‘‘(E) development of quantum memory 
buffers and small-scale quantum computers 
that are compatible with photon-based quantum 
bits in the optical or telecommunications wave-
lengths; 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 
at both the terrestrial and space-based level 
using quantum repeaters, allowing entangle-
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ment-based protocols between small- and large- 
scale quantum processors; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, re-
peaters, and related technologies necessary to 
create secure long-distance quantum commu-
nication; and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 
quantum technology stack into traditional com-
puting networks, including the development of 
remote controlled, high performance, and reli-
able implementations of key quantum network 
components; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic De-
velopment Consortium (QED–C) to transition com-
ponent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate 
the development of a quantum supply chain for 
quantum network technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci-
entific computing and material science to enhance 
the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of 
materials and processes relevant to quantum net-
work infrastructure; 
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds 
necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental re-
search and development activities with diverse stake-
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holders from industry and institutions of higher edu-
cation; and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
applications that span the Department of Energy’s 
missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex-
pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) 
the 
National 
Quantum 
Information 
Science Research Centers. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Quantum Network 
Infrastructure Act of 2021, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
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and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research 
plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs re-
lating to quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall 
review activities carried out under this section to deter-
mine the achievement of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’. 
Æ 
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