199 
land already in or committed to urban development 
or water storage. 
‘‘(3) UNIQUE
FARMLAND.—The term ‘unique 
farmland’ means land other than prime farmland 
that is used for production of specific high-value 
food and fiber crops, as determined by the Secretary 
of Agriculture. It has the special combination of soil 
quality, location, growing season, and moisture sup-
ply needed to economically produce sustained high 
quality or high yields of specific crops when treated 
and managed according to acceptable farming meth-
ods. Examples of such crops include citrus, tree 
nuts, olives, cranberries, fruits, and vegetables. 
‘‘(4) STATEWIDE IMPORTANT FARMLAND.—The 
term ‘Statewide important farmland’ means farm-
land, other than prime or unique farmland, that is 
of Statewide or local importance for the production 
of food feed, fiber, forage, or oilseed crops, as deter-
mined by the appropriate State or unit of local gov-
ernment agency or agencies, and that the Secretary 
of Agriculture determines should be considered as 
farmland for the purposes of this section. 
‘‘(5) STOCK IN HOLDING CORPORATIONS.—For 
purposes of this section, the term ‘farmland or an 
interest in farmland’ shall include stock in any cor-
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poration, if the fair market value of the corpora-
tion’s farmland or interests in farmland equals or 
exceeds 90 percent of the fair market value of all of 
such corporation’s assets at all times during the 3- 
year period ending on the date of the sale.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for part I of subchapter P of chapter 1 of the Inter-
nal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the 
end the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 1203. 100-percent exclusion of gain on sales of development rights or 
conservation easements on agricultural land to eligible entities 
for conservation purposes.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to sales occurring on or after the 
date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 905. ESTABLISHMENT OF RESEARCH GRANTS PRO-
GRAM FOR PRODUCERS TO IMPROVE SUR-
VIVABILITY OF SPECIALITY CROPS AND LIVE-
STOCK. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall establish a program to award grants to eligible enti-
ties to improve the survivability of United States specialty 
crops, forests, and domestic livestock against invasive spe-
cies and emerging pathogenic organisms that have entered 
or are likely to enter the United States. 
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(b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture shall determine eligible entities for grants under 
this section. Such entities shall include the following: 
(1) Nonprofit United States trade organizations 
and foundations. 
(2) Nonprofit State and regional organizations. 
(3) United States agricultural cooperatives, 
commodity boards and commissions, university re-
search and extension programs. 
(4) Small United States businesses in the spe-
cialty crop, forest, and livestock industries with req-
uisite expertise. 
(c) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds from grants under this 
program shall be used for one or more of the following: 
(1) Research that addresses plant breeding, ge-
netics, and genomics to improve specialty crop char-
acteristics, such as environmental responses and tol-
erances and pest and disease management. 
(2) Research and efforts to identify threats 
from invasive species and emerging pathogenic orga-
nisms that are detrimental to United States spe-
cialty crops, United States forest species, or domes-
tic livestock, including early pest detection and mi-
gration surveillance programs. 
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(3) Development and implementation of re-
gional, industry-specific strategic plans to prevent, 
eradicate, or contain invasive species or emerging 
pathogenic organisms threats after such threats have 
been identified. 
(4) Research regarding methods of prevention, 
eradication, containment, and detection of invasive 
species or emerging pathogenic organisms. 
(d) FUNDING.— 
(1) AMOUNTS AVAILABLE.—Of the funds of the 
Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Ag-
riculture shall make available $100,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2013 to carry out this 
section. 
(2) FEDERAL COSTS.—Federal costs shall not 
exceed 50 percent of the total cost of a research 
project funded under this section. 
SEC. 906. NATIONAL CLEAN PLANT NETWORK. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
Department of Agriculture, as part of the Cooperative 
State Research, Education, and Extension Service, a pro-
gram to be known as the ‘‘National Clean Plant Net-
work’’. The Secretary of Agriculture shall use the network 
to develop a sustainable national funding source for clean 
planting stock programs for horticultural crops deter-
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mined by the Secretary to be of priority for the United 
States. Such funding shall be used to award grants to enti-
ties that have the expertise, facilities, and climate nec-
essary to efficiently produce, maintain, and distribute 
healthy planting stock for specialty crops. 
(b) PRIORITIES.—Section 1408A(c) of the Specialty 
Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 3123a(c)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) Priorities for Federal research activities 
related to United States specialty crops.’’. 
(c) FUNDING.—Of the funds of the Commodity Cred-
it Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make 
available $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 
2012 to carry out this section. 
SEC. 907. EARLY PEST DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE IM-
PROVEMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AUTHORIZED.—The 
Secretary of Agriculture shall enter into a cooperative 
agreement with each State department of agriculture that 
agrees to conduct early pest detection surveillance activi-
ties in accordance with guidelines established under the 
Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey program of the De-
partment of Agriculture. These activities of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture of a state may include inspection and 
surveillance of domestic plant shipments between that 
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204 
State and other States, provided that such inspections do 
not mpede the reasonable flow of interstate commerce and 
any such activities resulting in quarantine of a shipment 
is solely based on sound science. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult 
with the National Plant Board and the National Associa-
tion of State Departments of Agriculture in carrying out 
this section. 
(c) BASE FUNDS UNDER AGREEMENTS.—The Sec-
retary shall provide each State department of agriculture 
with which the Secretary enters into a cooperative agree-
ment under this section not less than $250,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 
(d) 
ADDITIONAL
FUNDS; 
SPECIAL
CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—In addition to funds provided under subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall provide funds to a State depart-
ment of agriculture that the Secretary determines is in 
a State that has a high risk of being affected by one or 
more pest, based on the following factors: 
(1) The number of international airports and 
maritime facilities in that State. 
(2) The volume of international passenger and 
cargo entry into that State. 
(3) The geographic location of that State and 
if such location is conducive to agricultural pest and 
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disease establishment due to the climate or crop di-
versity of that State. 
(4) Whether the Secretary has declared an 
emergency in that State pursuant to section 442 of 
the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7772) due to an 
agricultural pest or disease of Federal concern. 
(5) Such other factors as the Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
(e) USE OF FUNDS.— 
(1) PEST DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE AC-
TIVITIES.—A State department of agriculture that 
receives funds under this section shall use the funds 
to carry out early pest detection and surveillance ac-
tivities to prevent the introduction of a pest or facili-
tate the eradication of a pest. 
(2) SUBAGREEMENTS.—Notwithstanding this 
section, a State department of agriculture may use 
funds received under subsection (c) or (d) to enter 
into subagreements with political subdivisions in 
such State that have legal responsibilities relating to 
agricultural pest and disease surveillance. 
(3) TREATMENT OF FUNDS.—Not more than 5 
percent of the funds provided under subsection (c) 
or (d) may be used for administrative costs to carry 
out a cooperative agreement under this section. 
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(f) NO EFFECT ON PILT PAYMENTS.—The receipt of 
funds by the Department of Agriculture under this section 
shall have no effect on the amount of any payment re-
ceived by the State of such State Department of Agri-
culture under chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code. 
(g) FUNDING.—The Secretary shall use $50,000,000 
of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this sec-
tion. 
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.— 
The term ‘‘State department of agriculture’’ means 
an agency of a State that has a legal responsibility 
to perform early pest detection and surveillance ac-
tivities. 
(2) EARLY
PEST
DETECTION
AND
SURVEIL-
LANCE.—The term ‘‘early pest detection and surveil-
lance’’ means the full range of activities undertaken 
to find newly introduced pests, whether new to the 
United States or new to certain areas of the United 
States, before the pests become etablished, or before 
pest infestations become too large and costly to 
eradicate or control. 
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(3) PEST.—The term ‘‘pest’’ has the meaning 
given the term ‘‘plant pest’’ in section 403(14) of 
the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702(14)). 
Æ 
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