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guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or partici-
pation in the extension of credit in connection with 
the export of any goods or services to the sanctioned 
person. 
(2) EXPORT
SANCTION.—The President may 
order the United States Government not to issue 
any specific license and not to grant any other spe-
cific permission or authority to export any goods or 
technology to the sanctioned person under— 
(A) the Export Administration Act of 1979 
(50 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) (as continued in effect 
pursuant to the International Emergency Eco-
nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)); 
(B) the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.); 
(C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2011 et seq.); or 
(D) any other statute that requires the 
prior review and approval of the United States 
Government as a condition for the export or re-
export of goods or services. 
(3) LOANS FROM UNITED STATES FINANCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS.—The President may prohibit any 
United States financial institution from making 
loans or providing credits to the sanctioned person 
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totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month 
period unless the person is engaged in activities to 
relieve human suffering and the loans or credits are 
provided for such activities. 
(4) LOANS
FROM
INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS.—The President may direct the 
United States executive director to each inter-
national financial institution to use the voice and 
vote of the United States to oppose any loan from 
the international financial institution that would 
benefit the sanctioned person. 
(5) PROHIBITIONS
ON
FINANCIAL
INSTITU-
TIONS.—The following prohibitions may be imposed 
against the sanctioned person if that person is a fi-
nancial institution: 
(A) PROHIBITION
ON
DESIGNATION
AS 
PRIMARY DEALER.—Neither the Board of Gov-
ernors of the Federal Reserve System nor the 
Federal Reserve Bank of New York may des-
ignate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
designation of, the financial institution as a pri-
mary dealer in United States Government debt 
instruments. 
(B) PROHIBITION ON SERVICE AS A RE-
POSITORY
OF
GOVERNMENT
FUNDS.—The fi-
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nancial institution may not serve as agent of 
the United States Government or serve as re-
pository for United States Government funds. 
The imposition of either sanction under subpara-
graph (A) or (B) shall be treated as one sanction for 
purposes of subsection (b), and the imposition of 
both such sanctions shall be treated as two sanctions 
for purposes of subsection (b). 
(6) PROCUREMENT
SANCTION.—The United 
States Government may not procure, or enter into 
any contract for the procurement of, any goods or 
services from the sanctioned person. 
(7) FOREIGN EXCHANGE.—The President may, 
pursuant to such regulations as the President may 
prescribe, prohibit any transactions in foreign ex-
change that are subject to the jurisdiction of the 
United States and in which the sanctioned person 
has any interest. 
(8) BANKING
TRANSACTIONS.—The President 
may, pursuant to such regulations as the President 
may prescribe, prohibit any transfers of credit or 
payments between financial institutions or by, 
through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
that such transfers or payments are subject to the 
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jurisdiction of the United States and involve any in-
terest of the sanctioned person. 
(9) PROPERTY TRANSACTIONS.—The President 
may, pursuant to such regulations as the President 
may prescribe, prohibit any person from— 
(A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
transferring, withdrawing, transporting, import-
ing, or exporting any property that is subject to 
the jurisdiction of the United States and with 
respect to which the sanctioned person has any 
interest; 
(B) dealing in or exercising any right, 
power, or privilege with respect to such prop-
erty; or 
(C) conducting any transaction involving 
such property. 
(10) BAN ON INVESTMENT IN EQUITY OR DEBT 
OF SANCTIONED PERSON.—The President may, pur-
suant to such regulations or guidelines as the Presi-
dent may prescribe, prohibit any United States per-
son from investing in or purchasing significant 
amounts of equity or debt instruments of the sanc-
tioned person. 
(11) EXCLUSION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS.— 
The President may direct the Secretary of State to 
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deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity to exclude from the United States, any alien 
that the President determines is a corporate officer 
or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
interest in, the sanctioned person. 
(12) SANCTIONS ON PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OF-
FICERS.—The President may impose on the prin-
cipal executive officer or officers of the sanctioned 
person, or on persons performing similar functions 
and with similar authorities as such officer or offi-
cers, any of the sanctions under this subsection. 
(b) SANCTIONED PERSON DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘sanctioned person’’ means a person subject to 
sanctions under section 224(a)(2), 231(b), 232(a), or 
233(a). 
SEC. 236. EXCEPTIONS, WAIVER, AND TERMINATION. 
(a) EXCEPTIONS.—The provisions of this part and 
amendments made by this part shall not apply with re-
spect to the following: 
(1) Activities subject to the reporting require-
ments under title V of the National Security Act of 
1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or any authorized in-
telligence activities of the United States. 
(2) The admission of an alien to the United 
States if such admission is necessary to comply with 
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United States obligations under the Agreement be-
tween the United Nations and the United States of 
America regarding the Headquarters of the United 
Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and 
entered into force November 21, 1947, under the 
Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna 
April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 
1967, or under other international agreements. 
(b) WAIVER OF SANCTIONS THAT ARE IMPOSED.— 
Subject to section 216, if the President imposes sanctions 
with respect to a person under this part or the amend-
ments made by this part, the President may waive the ap-
plication of those sanctions if the President determines 
that such a waiver is in the national security interest of 
the United States. 
(c) TERMINATION.—Subject to section 216, the 
President may terminate the application of sanctions 
under section 224, 231, 232, 233, or 234 with respect to 
a person if the President submits to the appropriate con-
gressional committees— 
(1) a notice of and justification for the termi-
nation; and 
(2) a notice that— 
(A) the person is not engaging in the activ-
ity that was the basis for the sanctions or has 
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taken significant verifiable steps toward stop-
ping the activity; and 
(B) the President has received reliable as-
surances that the person will not knowingly en-
gage in activity subject to sanctions under this 
part in the future. 
SEC. 237. EXCEPTION RELATING TO ACTIVITIES OF THE NA-
TIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS-
TRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—This Act and the amendments 
made by this Act shall not apply with respect to activities 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 
or the amendments made by this Act shall be construed 
to authorize the imposition of any sanction or other condi-
tion, limitation, restriction, or prohibition, that directly or 
indirectly impedes the supply by any entity of the Russian 
Federation of any product or service, or the procurement 
of such product or service by any contractor or subcon-
tractor of the United States or any other entity, relating 
to or in connection with any space launch conducted for— 
(1) the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration; or 
(2) any other non-Department of Defense cus-
tomer. 
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SEC. 238. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this part or the amendments made by this 
part shall be construed— 
(1) to supersede the limitations or exceptions on 
the use of rocket engines for national security pur-
poses under section 1608 of the Carl Levin and 
Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 
113–291; 128 Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as 
amended by section 1607 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 
114–92; 129 Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2582); or 
(2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of 
the Department of Defense from acquiring compo-
nents referred to in such section 1608. 
PART 3—REPORTS 
SEC. 241. REPORT ON OLIGARCHS AND PARASTATAL ENTI-
TIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 
Treasury, in consultation with the Director of National In-
telligence and the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a detailed report on 
the following: 
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(1) Senior foreign political figures and oligarchs 
in the Russian Federation, including the following: 
(A) An identification of the most signifi-
cant 
senior 
foreign 
political 
figures 
and 
oligarchs in the Russian Federation, as deter-
mined by their closeness to the Russian regime 
and their net worth. 
(B) An assessment of the relationship be-
tween individuals identified under subparagraph 
(A) and President Vladimir Putin or other 
members of the Russian ruling elite. 
(C) An identification of any indices of cor-
ruption with respect to those individuals. 
(D) The estimated net worth and known 
sources of income of those individuals and their 
family members (including spouses, children, 
parents, and siblings), including assets, invest-
ments, other business interests, and relevant 
beneficial ownership information. 
(E) An identification of the non-Russian 
business affiliations of those individuals. 
(2) Russian parastatal entities, including an as-
sessment of the following: 
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(A) The emergence of Russian parastatal 
entities and their role in the economy of the 
Russian Federation. 
(B) The leadership structures and bene-
ficial ownership of those entities. 
(C) The scope of the non-Russian business 
affiliations of those entities. 
(3) The exposure of key economic sectors of the 
United States to Russian politically exposed persons 
and parastatal entities, including, at a minimum, the 
banking, securities, insurance, and real estate sec-
tors. 
(4) The likely effects of imposing debt and eq-
uity restrictions on Russian parastatal entities, as 
well as the anticipated effects of adding Russian 
parastatal entities to the list of specially designated 
nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Of-
fice of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of 
the Treasury. 
(5) The potential impacts of imposing sec-
ondary sanctions with respect to Russian oligarchs, 
Russian 
state-owned 
enterprises, 
and 
Russian 
parastatal entities, including impacts on the entities 
themselves and on the economy of the Russian Fed-
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eration, as well as on the economies of the United 
States and allies of the United States. 
(b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 
subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign 
Relations, and the Committee on Finance of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives. 
(2) SENIOR FOREIGN POLITICAL FIGURE.—The 
term ‘‘senior foreign political figure’’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 1010.605 of title 31, 
Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding 
similar regulation or ruling). 
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SEC. 242. REPORT ON EFFECTS OF EXPANDING SANCTIONS 
TO INCLUDE SOVEREIGN DEBT AND DERIVA-
TIVE PRODUCTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 
Treasury, in consultation with the Director of National In-
telligence and the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report describing 
in detail the potential effects of expanding sanctions under 
Directive 1 (as amended), dated September 12, 2014, 
issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control under Exec-
utive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to 
blocking property of additional persons contributing to the 
situation in Ukraine), or any successor directive, to in-
clude sovereign debt and the full range of derivative prod-
ucts. 
(b) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 
subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
and the Committee on Finance of the Senate; and 
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(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
SEC. 243. REPORT ON ILLICIT FINANCE RELATING TO THE 
RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and not later than the 
end of each 1-year period thereafter until 2021, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report describing interagency ef-
forts in the United States to combat illicit finance relating 
to the Russian Federation. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall contain a summary of efforts by the United 
States to do the following: 
(1) Identify, investigate, map, and disrupt illicit 
financial flows linked to the Russian Federation if 
such flows affect the United States financial system 
or those of major allies of the United States. 
(2) Conduct outreach to the private sector, in-
cluding information sharing efforts to strengthen 
compliance efforts by entities, including financial in-
stitutions, to prevent illicit financial flows described 
in paragraph (1). 
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(3) Engage and coordinate with allied inter-
national partners on illicit finance, especially in Eu-
rope, to coordinate efforts to uncover and prosecute 
the networks responsible for illicit financial flows de-
scribed in paragraph (1), including examples of that 
engagement and coordination. 
(4) Identify foreign sanctions evaders and loop-
holes within the sanctions regimes of foreign part-
ners of the United States. 
(5) Expand the number of real estate geo-
graphic targeting orders or other regulatory actions, 
as appropriate, to degrade illicit financial activity re-
lating to the Russian Federation in relation to the 
financial system of the United States. 
(6) Provide support to counter those involved in 
illicit finance relating to the Russian Federation 
across all appropriate law enforcement, intelligence, 
regulatory, and financial authorities of the Federal 
Government, including by imposing sanctions with 
respect to or prosecuting those involved. 
(7) In the case of the Department of the Treas-
ury and the Department of Justice, investigate or 
otherwise develop major cases, including a descrip-
tion of those cases. 
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(c) BRIEFING.—After submitting a report under this 
section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide brief-
ings to the appropriate congressional committees with re-
spect to that report. 
(d) COORDINATION.—The Secretary of the Treasury 
shall coordinate with the Attorney General, the Director 
of National Intelligence, the Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity, and the Secretary of State in preparing each report 
under this section. 
(e) FORM.—Each report submitted under this section 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign 
Relations, and the Committee on Finance of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives. 
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(2) ILLICIT
FINANCE.—The term ‘‘illicit fi-
nance’’ means the financing of terrorism, narcotics 
trafficking, or proliferation, money laundering, or 
other forms of illicit financing domestically or inter-
nationally, as defined by the President. 
Subtitle B—Countering Russian 
Influence in Europe and Eurasia 
SEC. 251. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The Government of the Russian Federation 
has sought to exert influence throughout Europe and 
Eurasia, including in the former states of the Soviet 
Union, by providing resources to political parties, 
think tanks, and civil society groups that sow dis-
trust in democratic institutions and actors, promote 
xenophobic and illiberal views, and otherwise under-
mine European unity. The Government of the Rus-
sian Federation has also engaged in well-documented 
corruption practices as a means toward undermining 
and buying influence in European and Eurasian 
countries. 
(2) The Government of the Russian Federation 
has largely eliminated a once-vibrant Russian-lan-
guage independent media sector and severely curtails 
free and independent media within the borders of 
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the Russian Federation. Russian-language media or-
ganizations that are funded and controlled by the 
Government of the Russian Federation and dissemi-
nate information within and outside of the Russian 
Federation 
routinely 
traffic 
in 
anti-Western 
disinformation, while few independent, fact-based 
media sources provide objective reporting for Rus-
sian-speaking audiences inside or outside of the Rus-
sian Federation. 
(3) The Government of the Russian Federation 
continues to violate its commitments under the 
Memorandum on Security Assurances in connection 
with Ukraine’s Accession to the Treaty on the Non- 
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Budapest 
December 5, 1994, and the Conference on Security 
and Co-operation in Europe Final Act, concluded at 
Helsinki August 1, 1975 (commonly referred to as 
the ‘‘Helsinki Final Act’’), which laid the ground- 
work for the establishment of the Organization for 
Security and Co-operation in Europe, of which the 
Russian Federation is a member, by its illegal an-
nexation of Crimea in 2014, its illegal occupation of 
South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia in 2008, and 
its 
ongoing 
destabilizing 
activities 
in 
eastern 
Ukraine. 
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(4) The Government of the Russian Federation 
continues to ignore the terms of the August 2008 
ceasefire agreement relating to Georgia, which re-
quires the withdrawal of Russian Federation troops, 
free access by humanitarian groups to the regions of 
South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and monitoring of the 
conflict areas by the European Union Monitoring 
Mission. 
(5) The Government of the Russian Federation 
is failing to comply with the terms of the Minsk 
Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern 
Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 
2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, 
and Germany, as well as the Minsk Protocol, which 
was agreed to on September 5, 2014. 
(6) The Government of the Russian Federation 
is— 
(A) in violation of the Treaty between the 
United States of America and the Union of So-
viet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of 
their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range 
Missiles, signed at Washington December 8, 
1987, and entered into force June 1, 1988 
(commonly known as the ‘‘INF Treaty’’); and 
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(B) failing to meet its obligations under 
the Treaty on Open Skies, done at Helsinki 
March 24, 1992, and entered into force Janu-
ary 1, 2002 (commonly known as the ‘‘Open 
Skies Treaty’’). 
SEC. 252. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Government of the Russian Federation 
bears responsibility for the continuing violence in 
Eastern Ukraine, including the death on April 24, 
2017, of Joseph Stone, a citizen of the United 
States working as a monitor for the Organization for 
Security and Co-operation in Europe; 
(2) the President should call on the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation— 
(A) to withdraw all of its forces from the 
territories of Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova; 
(B) to return control of the borders of 
those territories to their respective govern-
ments; and 
(C) to cease all efforts to undermine the 
popularly elected governments of those coun-
tries; 
(3) the Government of the Russian Federation 
has applied, and continues to apply, to the countries 
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and peoples of Georgia and Ukraine, traditional uses 
of force, intelligence operations, and influence cam-
paigns, which represent clear and present threats to 
the countries of Europe and Eurasia; 
(4) in response, the countries of Europe and 
Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience 
within their institutions, political systems, and civil 
societies; 
(5) the United States supports the institutions 
that the Government of the Russian Federation 
seeks to undermine, including the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization and the European Union; 
(6) a strong North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion is critical to maintaining peace and security in 
Europe and Eurasia; 
(7) the United States should continue to work 
with the European Union as a partner against ag-
gression by the Government of the Russian Federa-
tion, coordinating aid programs, development assist-
ance, and other counter-Russian efforts; 
(8) the United States should encourage the es-
tablishment of a commission for media freedom 
within the Council of Europe, modeled on the Venice 
Commission regarding rule of law issues, that would 
be chartered to provide governments with expert rec-
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ommendations on maintaining legal and regulatory 
regimes supportive of free and independent media 
and an informed citizenry able to distinguish be-
tween 
fact-based 
reporting, 
opinion, 
and 
disinformation; 
(9) in addition to working to strengthen the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Euro-
pean Union, the United States should work with the 
individual countries of Europe and Eurasia— 
(A) to identify vulnerabilities to aggres-
sion, disinformation, corruption, and so-called 
hybrid warfare by the Government of the Rus-
sian Federation; 
(B) to establish strategic and technical 
plans for addressing those vulnerabilities; 
(C) to ensure that the financial systems of 
those countries are not being used to shield il-
licit financial activity by officials of the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation or individuals 
in President Vladimir Putin’s inner circle who 
have been enriched through corruption; 
(D) to investigate and prosecute cases of 
corruption by Russian actors; and 
(E) to work toward full compliance with 
the Convention on Combating Bribery of For-
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eign Public Officials in International Business 
Transactions (commonly referred to as the 
‘‘Anti-Bribery Convention’’) of the Organization 
for Economic Co-operation and Development; 
and 
(10) the President of the United States should 
use the authority of the President to impose sanc-
tions under— 
(A) the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (title IV of Public Law 
112–208; 22 U.S.C. 5811 note); and 
(B) the Global Magnitsky Human Rights 
Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of 
Public Law 114–328; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note). 
SEC. 253. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
The United States, consistent with the principle of 
ex injuria jus non oritur, supports the policy known as 
the ‘‘Stimson Doctrine’’ and thus does not recognize terri-
torial changes effected by force, including the illegal inva-
sions and occupations of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Crimea, 
Eastern Ukraine, and Transnistria. 
SEC. 254. COORDINATING AID AND ASSISTANCE ACROSS 
EUROPE AND EURASIA. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for the Countering Rus-
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