135 
(C) subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31, 
United States Code; 
(4) the term ‘‘Federal functional regulator’’ has 
the meaning given that term in section 509 of the 
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 U.S.C. 6809); 
(5) the term ‘‘illicit finance’’ means the financ-
ing of terrorism, narcotics trafficking, or prolifera-
tion, money laundering, or other forms of illicit fi-
nancing domestically or internationally, as defined 
by the President; 
(6) the term ‘‘money services business’’ has the 
meaning given the term under section 1010.100 of 
title 31, Code of Federal Regulations; 
(7) the term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of the Treasury; and 
(8) the term ‘‘State’’ means each of the several 
States, the District of Columbia, and each territory 
or possession of the United States. 
Subtitle D—Rule of Construction 
SEC. 291. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 
title (other than sections 216 and 236(b)) shall be con-
strued to limit the authority of the President under the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). 
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136 
SEC. 292. SENSE OF SENATE ON THE STRATEGIC IMPOR-
TANCE OF ARTICLE 5 OF THE NORTH ATLAN-
TIC TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—The Senate makes the following 
findings: 
(1) The principle of collective defense of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is im-
mortalized in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty 
in which members pledge that ‘‘an armed attack 
against one or more of them in Europe or North 
America shall be considered an attack against them 
all’’. 
(2) For almost 7 decades, the principle of col-
lective defense has effectively served as a strategic 
deterrent for the member nations of the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization and provided stability 
throughout the world, strengthening the security of 
the United States and all 28 other member nations. 
(3) Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist 
attacks in New York, Washington, and Pennsyl-
vania, the Alliance agreed to invoke Article 5 for the 
first time, affirming its commitment to collective de-
fense. 
(4) Countries that are members of the North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization have made historic 
contributions and sacrifices while combating ter-
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137 
rorism in Afghanistan through the International Se-
curity Assistance Force and the Resolute Support 
Mission. 
(5) The recent attacks in the United Kingdom 
underscore the importance of an international alli-
ance to combat hostile nation states and terrorist 
groups. 
(6) At the 2014 NATO summit in Wales, the 
member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Or-
ganization decided that all countries that are mem-
bers of NATO would spend an amount equal to 2 
percent of their gross domestic product on defense 
by 2024. 
(7) Collective defense unites the 29 members of 
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, each com-
mitting to protecting and supporting one another 
from external adversaries, which bolsters the North 
Atlantic Alliance. 
(b) SENSE OF SENATE.—It is the sense of the Sen-
ate— 
(1) to express the vital importance of Article 5 
of the North Atlantic Treaty, the charter of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as it continues 
to serve as a critical deterrent to potential hostile 
nations and terrorist organizations; 
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138 
(2) to remember the first and only invocation of 
Article 5 by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
in support of the United States after the terrorist 
attacks of September 11, 2001; 
(3) to affirm that the United States remains 
fully committed to the North Atlantic Treaty Orga-
nization and will honor its obligations enshrined in 
Article 5; and 
(4) to condemn any threat to the sovereignty, 
territorial integrity, freedom, or democracy of any 
country that is a member of the North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization. 
Æ 
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