paigns carried out with respect to Western Balkans 
countries— 
(A) to undermine democratic institutions, 
including the planning and execution of demo-
cratic elections; 
(B) to promote political instability; and 
(C) to manipulate the information environ-
ment; 
(2) the activities and roles of the Department 
of State and other relevant Federal agencies in 
countering Russian and Chinese malign influence 
operations and campaigns; 
(3) a comprehensive list identifying— 
(A) each network, entity and individual, to 
the extent such information is available, of Rus-
sia, China, or any other country with which 
Russia or China may cooperate, that is sup-
porting such Russian or Chinese malign influ-
ence operations or campaigns, including the 
provision of financial or operational support to 
activities in a Western Balkans country that 
may limit freedom of speech or create barriers 
of access to democratic processes, including ex-
ercising the right to vote in a free and fair elec-
tion; and 
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(B) the role of each such entity in pro-
viding such support; 
(4) the identification of the tactics, techniques, 
and procedures used in Russian or Chinese malign 
influence operations and campaigns in Western Bal-
kans countries; 
(5) an assessment of the effect of previous Rus-
sian or Chinese malign influence operations and 
campaigns that targeted alliances and partnerships 
of the United States Armed Forces in the Western 
Balkans, including the effectiveness of such oper-
ations and campaigns in achieving the objectives of 
Russia and China, respectively; 
(6) the identification of each Western Balkans 
country with respect to which Russia or China has 
conducted or attempted to conduct a malign influ-
ence operation or campaign; 
(7) an assessment of the capacity and efforts of 
NATO and of each individual Western Balkans 
country to counter Russian or Chinese malign influ-
ence operations and campaigns carried out with re-
spect to Western Balkans countries; 
(8) the efforts by the United States to combat 
such malign influence operations in the Western 
Balkans, including through the Countering Russian 
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Influence Fund and the Countering People’s Repub-
lic of China Malign Influence Fund; 
(9) an assessment of the tactics, techniques, 
and procedures that the Secretary of State, in con-
sultation with the Director of National Intelligence 
and the Secretary of Defense, determines are likely 
to be used in future Russian or Chinese malign in-
fluence operations and campaigns carried out with 
respect to Western Balkans countries; and 
(10) recommended authorities or activities that 
the Department of State and other relevant Federal 
agencies could enact to increase the United States 
Government’s capacity to counter Russian and Chi-
nese malign influence operations and campaigns in 
Western Balkans countries. 
(c) FORM.—Each report required under subsection 
(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
Æ 
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