I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3622 
To amend the Fair Credit Reporting act to restore the impaired credit 
of victims of predatory activities and unfair consumer reporting practices, 
to expand access to tools to protect vulnerable consumers from identity 
theft, fraud, or a related crime, and protect victims from further harm, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 5, 2019 
Ms. TLAIB introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Financial Services 
A BILL 
To amend the Fair Credit Reporting act to restore the im-
paired credit of victims of predatory activities and unfair 
consumer reporting practices, to expand access to tools 
to protect vulnerable consumers from identity theft, 
fraud, or a related crime, and protect victims from fur-
ther harm, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Restoring Unfairly Impaired Credit and Protecting Con-
sumers Act’’. 
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(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings. 
Sec. 3. Effective date. 
Sec. 4. General Bureau rulemaking. 
TITLE I—RESTORING THE IMPAIRED CREDIT OF VICTIMS OF 
PREDATORY ACTIVITIES AND UNFAIR CONSUMER REPORTING 
PRACTICES 
Sec. 101. Shortens the time period that most adverse credit information stays 
on consumer reports. 
Sec. 102. Mandates the expedited removal of fully paid or settled debt from 
consumer reports. 
Sec. 103. Imposes restrictions on the appearance of medical collections on con-
sumer reports and requires the expedited removal of fully paid 
or settled medical collections from consumer reports. 
Sec. 104. Provides credit restoration for victims of predatory mortgage lending 
and servicing. 
Sec. 105. Provides credit relief for private education loans borrowers who were 
defrauded or mislead by proprietary education institution or 
career education programs. 
Sec. 106. Establishes right for victims of financial abuse to have adverse infor-
mation associated with an abuser’s fraudulent activity removed 
from their consumer reports. 
Sec. 107. Prohibits treatment of credit restoration or rehabilitation as adverse 
information. 
TITLE II—EXPANDING ACCESS TO TOOLS TO PROTECT VULNER-
ABLE CONSUMERS FROM IDENTITY THEFT, FRAUD, OR A RE-
LATED CRIME, AND PROTECT VICTIMS FROM FURTHER HARM 
Sec. 201. Identity theft report definition. 
Sec. 202. Amendment to protection for files and credit records of protected 
consumers. 
Sec. 203. Enhances fraud alert protections. 
Sec. 204. Amendment to security freezes for consumer reports. 
Sec. 205. Clarification of information to be included with agency disclosures. 
Sec. 206. Provides access to fraud records for victims. 
Sec. 207. Required Bureau to set procedures for reporting identity theft, fraud, 
and other related crime. 
Sec. 208. Establishes the right to free credit monitoring and identity theft pro-
tection services for certain consumers. 
Sec. 209. Ensures removal of inquiries resulting from identity theft, fraud, or 
other related crime from consumer reports. 
TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS 
Sec. 301. Definitions related to days. 
Sec. 302. Technical correction related to risk-based pricing notices. 
Sec. 303. FCRA findings and purpose; voids certain contracts not in the public 
interest. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) GENERAL FINDINGS.— 
(A) 
Consumer 
reporting 
agencies 
(‘‘CRAs’’) are companies that collect, compile, 
and provide information about consumers in the 
form of consumer reports for certain permis-
sible statutory purposes under the Fair Credit 
Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) 
(‘‘FCRA’’). The three largest CRAs in this 
country 
are 
Equifax, 
TransUnion, 
and 
Experian. These CRAs are referred to as na-
tionwide CRAs and the reports that they pre-
pare are commonly referred to as credit reports. 
Furnishers, such as creditors, lenders, and debt 
collection agencies, voluntarily submit informa-
tion to CRAs about their accounts such as the 
total amount for each loan or credit limit for 
each credit card and the consumer’s payment 
history on these products. Reports also include 
identifying information about a consumer, such 
as their birthdate, previous mailing addresses, 
and current and previous employers. 
(B) In a December 2012 paper, ‘‘Key Di-
mensions and Processes in the U.S. Credit Re-
porting System: A review for how the nation’s 
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largest credit bureaus manage consumer data’’, 
the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection 
(‘‘Consumer Bureau’’) noted that the three na-
tionwide CRAs maintain credit files on approxi-
mately 200 million adults and receive informa-
tion from about 10,000 furnishers. On a 
monthly basis, these furnishers provide infor-
mation on over 1.3 billion consumer credit ac-
counts or other trade lines. 
(C) The 10 largest institutions furnishing 
credit information to each of the nationwide 
CRAs account for more than half of all ac-
counts reflected in consumers’ credit files. 
(D) Consumer reports play an increasingly 
important role in the lives of American con-
sumers. Most creditors, for example, review 
these reports to make decisions about whether 
to extend credit to consumers and what terms 
and conditions to offer them. As such, informa-
tion contained in these reports affects whether 
a person is able to get a private education loan 
to pay for college costs, to secure a mortgage 
loan to buy a home, or to obtain a credit card, 
as well as the terms and conditions under which 
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consumer credit products or services are offered 
to them. 
(E) Credit reports are also increasingly 
used for many noncredit decisions, including by 
landlords to determine whether to rent an 
apartment to a prospective tenant and by em-
ployers to decide whether to hire potential job 
applicants or to offer a promotion to existing 
employees. 
(F) CRAs have a statutory obligation to 
verify independently the accuracy and complete-
ness of information included on the reports that 
they provide. 
(G) The nationwide CRAs have failed to 
establish and follow reasonable procedures, as 
required by existing law, to establish the max-
imum level of accuracy of information contained 
on consumer reports. Given the repeated fail-
ures of these CRAs to comply with accuracy re-
quirements on their own, legislation is intended 
to provide them with detailed guidance improv-
ing the accuracy and completeness of informa-
tion contained in consumer reports, including 
procedures, policies, and practices that these 
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CRAs should already be following to ensure full 
compliance with their existing obligations. 
(H) The presence of inaccurate or incom-
plete information on these reports can result in 
substantial financial and emotional harm to 
consumers. Credit reporting errors can lead to 
the loss of a new employment opportunity or a 
denial of a promotion in an existing job, stop 
someone from being able to access credit on fa-
vorable terms, prevent a person from obtaining 
rental housing, or even trigger mental distress. 
(I) Current industry practices impose an 
unfair burden of proof on consumers trying to 
fix errors on their reports. 
(J) Consumer reports containing inac-
curate or incomplete credit information also un-
dermine the ability of creditors and lenders to 
effectively and accurately underwrite and price 
credit. 
(K) Recognizing that credit reporting af-
fects the lives of almost all consumers in this 
country and that the consequences of errors on 
a consumer report can be catastrophic for a 
consumer, the Consumer Bureau began accept-
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