I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 432 
To lower consumer fuel prices, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 20, 2023 
Mr. PALLONE (for himself, Ms. KUSTER, Mr. TRONE, Ms. SPANBERGER, Ms. 
CRAIG, and Mr. CROW) introduced the following bill; which was referred 
to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Com-
mittee on Oversight and Accountability, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provi-
sions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To lower consumer fuel prices, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Buy Low and Sell High Act’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
TITLE I—PETROLEUM RESERVES 
Sec. 101. Economic Petroleum Reserve. 
Sec. 102. Establishing Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserves. 
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Sec. 103. Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve. 
Sec. 104. SPR Petroleum Account. 
Sec. 105. Prohibition on certain exports. 
Sec. 106. Strategic Petroleum Reserve reforms. 
Sec. 107. Strategic Petroleum Reserve drawdown and sale. 
Sec. 108. DOE study and plan for delivery of fuel during pipeline disruptions. 
TITLE II—FUEL DEMAND 
Sec. 201. State energy transportation plans. 
Sec. 202. Transportation electrification. 
Sec. 203. Federal fleets. 
TITLE III—FUEL SUPPLY 
Sec. 301. Assistance for Western Hemisphere refineries. 
TITLE I—PETROLEUM RESERVES 
SEC. 101. ECONOMIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 154 of the Energy 
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6234) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(g) ECONOMIC PETROLEUM RESERVE.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—In carrying out sub-
section (b), the Secretary shall establish and main-
tain within the Strategic Petroleum Reserve an Eco-
nomic Petroleum Reserve of up to 350,000,000 bar-
rels of crude oil. 
‘‘(2) SOURCE.—The Economic Petroleum Re-
serve shall consist of— 
‘‘(A) 90,000,000 barrels of crude oil that 
are stored in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve 
on the date of enactment of this subsection, less 
any amounts drawn down and sold under sec-
tion 161(k) after such date; and 
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‘‘(B) any crude oil purchased under section 
160(i).’’. 
(b) PURCHASES.—Section 160 of the Energy Policy 
and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6240) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(i) PURCHASE OF CRUDE OIL FOR ECONOMIC PE-
TROLEUM RESERVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—For purposes of section 
154(g), the Secretary may acquire crude oil under 
this section only by purchase from domestic pro-
ducers for a contract price of not more than $60 per 
barrel, in accordance with this subsection. 
‘‘(2) IMMEDIATE
DELIVERY.—The Secretary 
may enter into a contract under paragraph (1) at 
any time for immediate delivery of crude oil. 
‘‘(3) FUTURE DELIVERY.— 
‘‘(A) AUTHORIZED
PERIOD.—During the 
period that begins on the date of enactment of 
this subsection and ends on December 31, 
2024, the Secretary may enter into a contract 
under paragraph (1) for delivery of crude oil to 
occur during the period that begins on January 
1, 2025, and ends on December 31, 2027. 
‘‘(B) PRIORITY.—In carrying out subpara-
graph (A), to the extent there are multiple of-
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fers for contracts on equivalent terms, the Sec-
retary shall give priority to contracts for crude 
oil produced by wells, including drilled but 
uncompleted wells, that are minimizing green-
house gas emissions from activities at such 
wells, as determined by the Secretary in con-
sultation with the Administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—The Secretary may enter into 
a contract under paragraph (1) using amounts de-
posited in the SPR Petroleum Account under section 
167(c)— 
‘‘(A) that are attributable to covered re-
ceipts described in section 167(e)(3)(A); or 
‘‘(B) that were appropriated for such pur-
pose pursuant to section 166. 
‘‘(5) APPLICABILITY
OF
CERTAIN
CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—The objectives described in subsections 
(b)(4), (c)(2), and (c)(5) shall not apply to the ac-
quisition of crude oil pursuant to a contract under 
paragraph (1).’’. 
(c) DRAWDOWN AND SALE.—Section 161 of the En-
ergy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6241) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(k) DRAWDOWN AND SALE FROM ECONOMIC PE-
TROLEUM RESERVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsection 
(d)(1), the Secretary may draw down and sell crude 
oil from amounts in the Economic Petroleum Re-
serve established under section 154(g) at any time 
the front-month futures price of West Texas Inter-
mediate crude oil has remained greater than $90 per 
barrel for at least one week. 
‘‘(2) APPROPRIATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) STATE
ENERGY
TRANSPORTATION 
PLANS.—Notwithstanding section 167, there is 
appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to 
carry out section 367 an amount equal to $9 
for each barrel of crude oil sold under this sub-
section. 
‘‘(B) PLUG-IN ELECTRIC DRIVE VEHICLE 
PROGRAM.—Notwithstanding section 167, there 
is appropriated to the Secretary of Energy to 
carry out section 131(b) of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17011) an amount equal to $2 for each barrel 
of crude oil sold under this subsection. 
‘‘(C) LARGE-SCALE TRANSPORTATION SEC-
TOR
ELECTRIFICATION
PROGRAM.—Notwith-
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standing section 167, there is appropriated to 
the Secretary of Energy to carry out section 
131(c) of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17011) an amount 
equal to $3 for each barrel of crude oil sold 
under this subsection. 
‘‘(D) ASSISTANCE
FOR
WESTERN
HEMI-
SPHERE REFINERIES.—Notwithstanding section 
167, there is appropriated to the Secretary of 
Energy to carry out section 301 of the Buy 
Low and Sell High Act an amount equal to $1 
for each barrel of crude oil sold under this sub-
section.’’. 
SEC. 102. ESTABLISHING STRATEGIC REFINED PETROLEUM 
PRODUCT RESERVES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Title I of the Energy Policy 
and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6234) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘PART E—STRATEGIC REFINED PETROLEUM 
PRODUCT RESERVES 
‘‘SEC. 191. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘In this part: 
‘‘(1) DISTRICT.—The term ‘district’ means, as 
designated by the Administrator of the Energy In-
formation Administration— 
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‘‘(A) a Petroleum Administration for De-
fense District; or 
‘‘(B) a subdistrict of a Petroleum Adminis-
tration for Defense District. 
‘‘(2) NETWORK.—The term ‘network’ means 
the network of Strategic Refined Petroleum Product 
Reserves established under this part. 
‘‘(3) RESERVE.—The term ‘Reserve’ means a 
Strategic Refined Petroleum Product Reserve estab-
lished under this part. 
‘‘SEC. 192. ESTABLISHMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of this Act, the Secretary shall establish, maintain, 
and operate a national network of Strategic Refined Pe-
troleum Product Reserves. 
‘‘(b) LOCATIONS.—In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall establish, maintain, and operate at least 
one Reserve in each district. 
‘‘(c) CAPACITY.—Each Reserve shall have the capac-
ity to contain at least 4,000,000 barrels of gasoline and 
2,000,000 barrels of diesel fuel, and the network shall 
have the capacity to contain up to 250,000,000 barrels 
of gasoline and diesel fuel. 
‘‘(d) RELATIONSHIP TO SPR AND NORTHEAST HOME 
HEATING OIL RESERVE.—A Reserve established under 
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this part is not a component of the Strategic Petroleum 
Reserve established under part B of this title or the 
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve established under 
part D of this title. 
‘‘SEC. 193. AUTHORITY. 
‘‘To the extent necessary or appropriate to carry out 
this part, the Secretary may— 
‘‘(1) purchase, contract for, lease, or otherwise 
acquire, in whole or in part, storage and related fa-
cilities, and storage services; 
‘‘(2) use, lease, maintain, sell, or otherwise dis-
pose of storage and related facilities acquired under 
this part; 
‘‘(3) acquire by purchase, exchange (including 
exchange of petroleum products from the Strategic 
Petroleum Reserve or received as royalty from Fed-
eral lands), lease, or otherwise, gasoline or diesel 
fuel for storage in a Reserve; 
‘‘(4) store gasoline or diesel fuel in facilities not 
owned by the United States; and 
‘‘(5) sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of gas-
oline or diesel fuel from a Reserve established under 
this part, including to maintain the quality or quan-
tity of the gasoline or diesel fuel in a Reserve or to 
maintain the operational capability of a Reserve. 
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‘‘SEC. 194. CONDITIONS FOR RELEASE. 
‘‘(a) GASOLINE RELEASE.—The Secretary may sell 
gasoline from a Reserve only upon a finding by the Presi-
dent that there is a severe gasoline supply interruption 
within the district in which the Reserve is located. Such 
a finding may be made only if the President determines 
that— 
‘‘(1) a dislocation in the gasoline market has re-
sulted from such interruption; or 
‘‘(2) a circumstance, other than that described 
in paragraph (1), exists that constitutes a regional 
gasoline supply shortage of significant scope and du-
ration and that action taken under this section 
would assist directly and significantly in reducing 
the adverse impact of such shortage. 
‘‘(b) DIESEL RELEASE.—The Secretary may sell die-
sel fuel from a Reserve only upon a finding by the Presi-
dent that there is a severe diesel fuel supply interruption 
within the district in which the Reserve is located. Such 
a finding may be made only if the President determines 
that— 
‘‘(1) a dislocation in the diesel fuel market has 
resulted from such interruption; or 
‘‘(2) a circumstance, other than that described 
in paragraph (1), exists that constitutes a regional 
diesel fuel supply shortage of significant scope and 
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‘‘(iii) at least 85 percent of total an-
nual fuel consumption that is alternative 
fuel by the end of fiscal year 2050.’’. 
TITLE III—FUEL SUPPLY 
SEC. 301. ASSISTANCE FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE REFIN-
ERIES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Energy 
shall establish and carry out a program to increase the 
amount of crude oil refined in oil refineries located in cov-
ered countries by— 
(1) developing, producing, or procuring re-
sources, materials, or equipment that can be used at 
such oil refineries to increase the amount of crude 
oil refined at such oil refineries; 
(2) providing to covered entities, under such 
terms and conditions as the Secretary of Energy de-
termines appropriate, resources, materials, or equip-
ment that can be used at such oil refineries to in-
crease the amount of crude oil refined at such oil re-
fineries; 
(3) issuing grants, loans, or loan guarantees to 
covered entities, under such terms and conditions as 
the Secretary of Energy determines appropriate, to 
carry out projects in covered countries that can in-
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