I 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6024 
To provide for the implementation of a system of licensing for purchasers 
of certain firearms and for a record of sale system for those firearms, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 6, 2018 
Mr. RUSH introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To provide for the implementation of a system of licensing 
for purchasers of certain firearms and for a record of 
sale system for those firearms, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Blair Holt Firearm Owner Licensing and Record of Sale 
Act of 2018’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes. 
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Sec. 3. Definitions. 
TITLE I—LICENSING 
Sec. 101. Licensing requirement. 
Sec. 102. Issuance, revocation, and renewal of firearm owner licenses. 
Sec. 103. Relief from denial or revocation of firearm owner licenses. 
TITLE II—RECORD OF SALE OR TRANSFER 
Sec. 201. Sale or transfer requirements for qualifying firearms. 
Sec. 202. Firearm records. 
TITLE III—ADDITIONAL PROHIBITIONS 
Sec. 301. Universal background check requirement. 
Sec. 302. Failure to maintain or permit inspection of records. 
Sec. 303. Failure to report loss or theft of firearm. 
Sec. 304. Failure to provide notice of change of address. 
Sec. 305. Child access prevention. 
TITLE IV—ENFORCEMENT 
Sec. 401. Criminal penalties. 
TITLE V—FIREARM INJURY INFORMATION AND RESEARCH 
Sec. 501. Duties of the Attorney General. 
TITLE VI—EFFECT ON STATE LAW 
Sec. 601. Effect on State law. 
Sec. 602. Certification of State firearm licensing systems and State firearm 
record of sale systems. 
TITLE VII—RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW 
Sec. 701. Subordination to Arms Export Control Act. 
TITLE VIII—INAPPLICABILITY 
Sec. 801. Inapplicability to governmental authorities. 
TITLE IX—EFFECTIVE DATE 
Sec. 901. Effective date of amendments. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) the manufacture, distribution, and importa-
tion of firearms is inherently commercial in nature; 
(2) firearms regularly move in interstate com-
merce; 
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(3) to the extent that firearms trafficking is 
intrastate in nature, it arises out of and is substan-
tially connected with a commercial transaction that, 
when viewed in the aggregate, substantially affects 
interstate commerce; 
(4) because the intrastate and interstate traf-
ficking of firearms are so commingled, full regula-
tion of interstate commerce requires the incidental 
regulation of intrastate commerce; 
(5) firearm-related assaults in the United 
States— 
(A) during the 16-year period between 
2001 and 2016, were associated with the major-
ity of homicides and half of all suicides; and 
(B) during the 15-year period between 
2001 and 2015, were the seventh leading cause 
of nonfatal violent injuries; 
(6) on the afternoon of May 10, 2007, Blair 
Holt, a junior at Julian High School in Chicago, was 
killed on a public bus riding home from school when 
he used his body to shield a girl who was in the line 
of fire after a young man boarded the bus and start-
ed shooting; 
(7) since 2007, when 32 students and teachers 
were killed at Virginia Tech, 7 of the 11 most deadly 
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mass shootings in the United States have taken 
place; 
(8) since 2012, when 20 first graders and 
teachers were murdered with an assault rifle at 
Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Con-
necticut, more than 230 school shootings have oc-
curred in the United States; 
(9) in 2015, there were 294 mass shootings, in-
cluding, notably, the shooting at Umpqua Commu-
nity College in Oregon, the Charleston church shoot-
ing in South Carolina, the theatre shooting in La-
fayette, Louisiana, and the Isla Vista community 
shootings in California; 
(10) since 2016, the country has witnessed 4 of 
the 10 worst gun massacres in modern United 
States history; and 
(11) in February 2018, 17 members of the 
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School community 
in Parkland, Florida, lost their lives at the hands of 
a 19-year-old armed with an AR–15 semiautomatic 
assault rifle. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) firearms trafficking is prevalent and wide-
spread in and among the States, and it is usually 
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impossible to distinguish between intrastate traf-
ficking and interstate trafficking; and 
(2) it is in the national interest and within the 
role of the Federal Government to ensure that the 
regulation of firearms is uniform among the States, 
that law enforcement can quickly and effectively 
trace firearms used in crime, and that firearms own-
ers know how to use and safely store their firearms. 
(c) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act and the 
amendments made by this Act are— 
(1) to protect the public against the unreason-
able risk of injury and negligent or reckless death 
associated with the unrecorded sale or transfer of 
qualifying firearms to criminals and youths; 
(2) to ensure that owners of qualifying firearms 
are knowledgeable in the safe use, handling, and 
storage of those firearms; 
(3) to restrict the availability of qualifying fire-
arms to criminals, youth, and other persons prohib-
ited by Federal law from receiving firearms; 
(4) to facilitate the tracing of qualifying fire-
arms used in crime by Federal and State law en-
forcement agencies; and 
(5) to hold criminally and civilly liable those 
who facilitate the transfer of qualifying firearms, 
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causing risk of injury and negligent or reckless 
death associated with the transfer of those quali-
fying firearms. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act, the terms ‘‘firearm’’, 
‘‘qualifying firearm’’, and ‘‘State’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 921(a) of title 18, United 
States Code, as amended by subsection (b). 
(b) TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE.—Section 
921(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(36) The term ‘detachable ammunition feeding de-
vice’— 
‘‘(A) means a magazine, belt, drum, feed strip, 
or similar device that— 
‘‘(i) is capable of being detached from a 
semiautomatic rifle; and 
‘‘(ii) has a capacity of, or that can be read-
ily restored or converted to accept, more than 
10 rounds of ammunition; and 
‘‘(B) does not include an attached tubular de-
vice designed to accept, and capable of operating 
only with, .22 caliber rimfire ammunition. 
‘‘(37) The term ‘firearm owner license’ means a li-
cense issued under section 923(m). 
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‘‘(38) The term ‘qualifying firearm’— 
‘‘(A) means— 
‘‘(i) a handgun; or 
‘‘(ii) a semiautomatic rifle that is capable 
of accepting a detachable ammunition feeding 
device; and 
‘‘(B) does not include an antique firearm.’’. 
TITLE I—LICENSING 
SEC. 101. LICENSING REQUIREMENT. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(aa) FIREARM LICENSING REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 
it shall be unlawful for any individual other than a 
licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, licensed 
dealer, or licensed collector to possess a qualifying 
firearm on or after the applicable date, unless that 
individual has a valid— 
‘‘(A) firearm owner license; or 
‘‘(B) State firearm license. 
‘‘(2) EXEMPTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Paragraph (1) shall 
not apply to— 
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‘‘(i) a Federal, State, local, or tribal 
law enforcement officer while engaged in 
the performance of official duties; 
‘‘(ii) a member of the Armed Forces 
or National Guard while engaged in the 
performance of official duties; 
‘‘(iii) a Federal employee who is re-
quired to carry a qualifying firearm in the 
capacity of that individual as a Federal 
employee while engaged in the performance 
of official duties; 
‘‘(iv) a member of a bona fide vet-
erans organization that received the quali-
fying firearm directly from the Armed 
Forces, including a member of the color 
guard of the veterans organization, while 
using the qualifying firearm for a ceremo-
nial purpose with blank ammunition; 
‘‘(v) an unemancipated minor who is 
under the direct supervision of an indi-
vidual who— 
‘‘(I) has a valid firearm owner li-
cense or State firearm license; and 
‘‘(II) is, with respect to the 
minor— 
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‘‘(aa) a parent; 
‘‘(bb) a legal guardian; or 
‘‘(cc) any other individual 
standing in loco parentis; 
‘‘(vi) an individual with a valid hunt-
ing license issued by a State while the indi-
vidual is— 
‘‘(I) hunting in the State that 
issued the license; and 
‘‘(II) accompanied by an indi-
vidual who has a valid firearm owner 
license or State firearm license; or 
‘‘(vii) an individual who is— 
‘‘(I)(aa) on a firing or shooting 
range; or 
‘‘(bb) participating in a firearms 
safety or training course recognized 
by— 
‘‘(AA) a Federal, State, 
local, or tribal law enforcement 
agency; or 
‘‘(BB) a national or state-
wide shooting sports organiza-
tion; 
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‘‘(II) otherwise eligible to obtain 
a firearm owner license; and 
‘‘(III) under the direct super-
vision of an individual who— 
‘‘(aa) has a valid firearm 
owner license or State firearm li-
cense; and 
‘‘(bb) is not less than 21 
years of age. 
‘‘(B) INDIVIDUALS WITH STATE FIREARM 
LICENSES.—Not later than 60 days after the 
date on which an individual who has a State 
firearm license moves from the State in which 
the State firearm license of the individual was 
issued to a different State, the individual 
shall— 
‘‘(i) if the State to which the indi-
vidual has moved has a State firearm 
owner licensing system certified by the At-
torney General under section 933, apply 
for— 
‘‘(I) a State firearm license 
under that State system; or 
‘‘(II) a firearm owner license; or 
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of section 923(m) or receives a revocation notice under 
paragraph (5)(B)(i) of that section to knowingly— 
‘‘(1) fail to surrender the firearm owner license 
of the individual in accordance with paragraph 
(6)(A)(i) of that section; 
‘‘(2) fail to submit a firearm disposition record 
in accordance with paragraph (6)(A)(ii) of that sec-
tion; 
‘‘(3) make a false statement in a firearm dis-
position record submitted under paragraph (6)(A)(ii) 
of that section; or 
‘‘(4) fail to transfer any qualifying firearm of 
the 
individual 
in 
accordance 
with 
paragraph 
(6)(A)(iii) of that section.’’. 
SEC. 102. ISSUANCE, REVOCATION, AND RENEWAL OF FIRE-
ARM OWNER LICENSES. 
Section 923 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (d)(1)(F)(iii), by inserting 
‘‘under subsection (a) or (b)’’ after ‘‘Federal fire-
arms license’’; 
(2) in subsection (l), by inserting ‘‘under sub-
section (a) or (b)’’ after ‘‘a firearms license is 
issued’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(m) FIREARM OWNER LICENSES.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection— 
‘‘(A) the term ‘clinical psychologist’ means 
a psychologist licensed or registered to practice 
psychology in the State in which the psycholo-
gist practices who— 
‘‘(i) has— 
‘‘(I) a doctoral degree from a re-
gionally accredited university, college, 
or professional school; and 
‘‘(II) not less than 2 years of su-
pervised experience in health services, 
of which— 
‘‘(aa) not less than 1 year is 
of postdoctoral experience; and 
‘‘(bb) not less than 1 year is 
of experience in an organized 
health service program; or 
‘‘(ii) has— 
‘‘(I) a graduate degree in psy-
chology from a regionally accredited 
university or college; and 
‘‘(II) not less than 6 years of ex-
perience as a psychologist, of which 
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not less than 2 years are of supervised 
experience in health services; 
‘‘(B) the term ‘covered offense’ means bat-
tery, assault, aggravated assault, or violation of 
an order of protection, in which a firearm was 
used or possessed; 
‘‘(C) the term ‘identification document’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 1028(d); 
‘‘(D) the term ‘licensed individual’ means 
an individual issued a firearm owner license 
under paragraph (3); 
‘‘(E) the term ‘physician’ means a doctor 
of medicine legally authorized to practice medi-
cine by the State in which the physician per-
forms that function or action; 
‘‘(F) the term ‘qualified examiner’ means a 
medical professional authorized to conduct a 
qualifying mental health evaluation by the State 
in which the evaluation occurs; and 
‘‘(G) the term ‘qualifying mental health 
evaluation’ means a mental evaluation by a 
physician, clinical psychologist, or qualified ex-
aminer resulting in a certification by the physi-
cian, clinical psychologist, or qualified examiner 
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that an individual is not a clear and present 
danger to the individual or others. 
‘‘(2) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An individual applying 
for a firearm owner license under this sub-
section shall submit to the Attorney General, in 
accordance with the regulations promulgated 
under subparagraph (B), an application that in-
cludes— 
‘‘(i) a current, passport-sized photo-
graph of the applicant that provides a 
clear, accurate likeness of the applicant; 
‘‘(ii) the name, address, and date and 
place of birth of the applicant; 
‘‘(iii) any other name that the appli-
cant has ever used or by which the appli-
cant has ever been known; 
‘‘(iv) with respect to each category of 
person prohibited by Federal law, or by the 
law of the State of residence of the appli-
cant, from obtaining a firearm, a state-
ment that the applicant is not a person 
prohibited from receiving a firearm; 
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‘‘(v)(I) a certification by the applicant 
that the applicant is not younger than 21 
years old; or 
‘‘(II) in the case of an applicant who 
is younger than 21 years old— 
‘‘(aa) written proof of the con-
sent of the parent or legal guardian of 
the applicant for the applicant to pos-
sess and acquire a qualifying firearm, 
provided that the parent or legal 
guardian— 
‘‘(AA) is not an individual 
prohibited by subsection (g) or 
(n) of section 922 from receiving 
a firearm; and 
‘‘(BB) submits an affidavit 
with the application affirming 
that the parent or legal guardian 
is not an individual prohibited by 
subsection (g) or (n) of section 
922 from receiving a firearm; 
and 
‘‘(bb) a certification by the appli-
cant that the applicant has not been 
convicted of a misdemeanor, other 
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than a traffic offense, or adjudged de-
linquent; 
‘‘(vi) a certification by the applicant 
that the applicant— 
‘‘(I) was not a patient in a men-
tal health facility during the 5-year 
period preceding the date on which 
the application is submitted; 
‘‘(II) is not an individual with an 
intellectual 
or 
developmental 
dis-
ability; 
‘‘(III) is not subject to an order 
of protection prohibiting the applicant 
from possessing a firearm; 
‘‘(IV) has not been convicted of a 
covered offense during the 5-year pe-
riod preceding the date on which the 
application is submitted; and 
‘‘(V) has not been adjudged de-
linquent for an act of juvenile delin-
quency that if committed by an adult 
would be a felony; 
‘‘(vii) if the individual was a patient 
in a mental health facility during a period 
ending more than 5 years before the date 
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on which the application is submitted, a 
qualifying mental health evaluation; 
‘‘(viii) an authorization by the appli-
cant to release to the Attorney General, or 
an authorized representative of the Attor-
ney General, any mental health records 
pertaining to the applicant; 
‘‘(ix) the date on which the applica-
tion was submitted; and 
‘‘(x) the signature of the applicant. 
‘‘(B) REGULATIONS
GOVERNING
SUBMIS-
SION.— 
‘‘(i) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Attorney 
General shall promulgate regulations speci-
fying procedures for the submission of an 
application under subparagraph (A) to the 
Attorney General that shall— 
‘‘(I) provide for submission of the 
application through a licensed dealer 
or an office or agency of the Federal 
Government designated by the Attor-
ney General; 
‘‘(II) require the applicant to 
provide a valid identification docu-
ment of the applicant, containing a 
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photograph of the applicant, to the li-
censed dealer or to the office or agen-
cy of the Federal Government, as ap-
plicable, at the time of submission of 
the application to that licensed dealer, 
office, or agency; and 
‘‘(III) require that a completed 
application be forwarded to the Attor-
ney General not later than 48 hours 
after the application is submitted to 
the licensed dealer or office or agency 
of the Federal Government. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—In this paragraph, 
the term ‘agency’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 551 of title 5. 
‘‘(C) FEES.— 
‘‘(i) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Attorney 
General shall charge and collect from each 
applicant for a license under this sub-
section a fee in an amount determined in 
accordance with clause (ii). 
‘‘(ii) FEE AMOUNT.—The amount of 
the fee collected under this subparagraph 
shall be not less than the amount deter-
mined by the Attorney General to be nec-
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essary to ensure that the total amount of 
all fees collected under this subparagraph 
during a fiscal year is sufficient to cover 
the costs of carrying out this subsection 
during that fiscal year, except that such 
amount shall not exceed $10. 
‘‘(3) ISSUANCE OF LICENSES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 30 
days after the date on which an application is 
submitted under paragraph (2), the Attorney 
General shall issue a firearm owner license to 
an applicant who has submitted an application 
that meets the requirements under paragraph 
(2), if the Attorney General determines that the 
applicant— 
‘‘(i) is not prohibited by subsection (g) 
or (n) of section 922 from receiving a 
qualifying firearm; 
‘‘(ii)(I) is not younger than 21 years 
old; or 
‘‘(II) is younger than 21 years old 
and— 
‘‘(aa) 
has 
submitted 
written 
proof of the consent of the parent or 
legal guardian of the applicant re-
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quired 
under 
paragraph 
(2)(A)(v)(II)(aa); and 
‘‘(bb) has not been convicted of a 
misdemeanor, other than a traffic of-
fense, or adjudged delinquent; 
‘‘(iii) was not a patient in a mental 
health facility during the 5-year period 
preceding the date on which the applica-
tion is submitted; 
‘‘(iv) is not an individual with an in-
tellectual or developmental disability; 
‘‘(v) is not subject to an order of pro-
tection prohibiting the applicant from pos-
sessing a firearm; 
‘‘(vi) has not been convicted of a cov-
ered offense during the 5-year period pre-
ceding the date on which the application is 
submitted; 
‘‘(vii) has not been adjudged delin-
quent for an act of juvenile delinquency 
that if committed by an adult would be a 
felony; 
‘‘(viii) if the individual was a patient 
in a mental health facility during a period 
ending more than 5 years before the date 
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on which the application is submitted, has 
received a qualifying mental health evalua-
tion; 
‘‘(ix) does not have a mental condition 
that makes the applicant a clear and 
present danger to the individual or others; 
and 
‘‘(x) has not intentionally made a 
false statement in the application under 
paragraph (2). 
‘‘(B) EFFECT OF ISSUANCE TO PROHIB-
ITED
INDIVIDUALS.—A firearm owner license 
issued under this paragraph shall be null and 
void if issued to an individual who is prohibited 
by subsection (g) or (n) of section 922 from re-
ceiving a firearm. 
‘‘(C) FORM
OF
LICENSES.—A firearm 
owner license issued under this paragraph shall 
be in the form of a tamper-resistant card, and 
shall include— 
‘‘(i) the photograph of the licensed in-
dividual submitted with the application 
under paragraph (2); 
‘‘(ii) the address of the licensed indi-
vidual; 
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‘‘(iii) the date of birth of the licensed 
individual; 
‘‘(iv) the sex of the licensed individual; 
‘‘(v) the height and weight of the li-
censed individual; 
‘‘(vi) a license number, unique to each 
licensed individual; 
‘‘(vii) the expiration date of the li-
cense, which shall be— 
‘‘(I) the date that is 5 years after 
the initial anniversary of the date of 
birth of the licensed individual fol-
lowing the date on which the license is 
issued; or 
‘‘(II) in the case of a license re-
newed under paragraph (4), the date 
that is 5 years after the anniversary 
of the date of birth of the licensed in-
dividual following the date on which 
the license is renewed; 
‘‘(viii) the signature of the licensed in-
dividual provided on the application under 
paragraph (2), or a facsimile of the signa-
ture; and 
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‘‘(ix) centered at the top of the li-
cense, capitalized, and in boldface type, the 
following: 
‘FIREARM OWNER LICENSE—NOT VALID 
FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE’. 
‘‘(D) DENIAL.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—If the Attorney 
General determines that an applicant does 
not meet the requirements under subpara-
graph (A), the Attorney General shall pro-
vide written notice to the applicant that 
states— 
‘‘(I) the specific grounds on 
which the denial is based; and 
‘‘(II) 
the 
requirements 
for 
issuance of a firearm owner license 
under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(ii) NOTICE
TO
LOCAL
LAW
EN-
FORCEMENT.—The Attorney General shall 
transmit a copy of the notice described in 
clause (i) to the sheriff and law enforce-
ment agency having jurisdiction where the 
individual to whom the denial pertains re-
sides. 
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‘‘(E) CHANGE
OF
ADDRESS.—A licensed 
individual shall immediately notify the Attorney 
General if the licensed individual moves from 
the residence address listed on the firearm 
owner license of that licensed individual. 
‘‘(4) RENEWAL OF LICENSES.— 
‘‘(A) APPLICATIONS FOR RENEWAL OF LI-
CENSES.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A licensed indi-
vidual seeking to renew a firearm owner li-
cense shall, not later than 60 days before 
the expiration date of the firearm owner li-
cense, submit to the Attorney General, in 
accordance with the regulations promul-
gated under subparagraph (B), an applica-
tion for renewal of the license. 
‘‘(ii) CONTENTS.—An application sub-
mitted under clause (i) shall include— 
‘‘(I) a current, passport-sized 
photograph of the licensed individual 
that provides a clear, accurate like-
ness of the licensed individual; 
‘‘(II) current proof of identity of 
the licensed individual; and 
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‘‘(III) the address of the licensed 
individual. 
‘‘(iii) REGULATIONS GOVERNING SUB-
MISSION.—The Attorney General shall pro-
mulgate regulations specifying procedures 
for the submission of applications under 
this subparagraph. 
‘‘(B) ISSUANCE OF RENEWED LICENSES.— 
Upon approval of an application submitted 
under subparagraph (A), the Attorney General 
shall issue a renewed license, which shall meet 
the requirements of paragraph (3)(C), except 
that the license shall include the current photo-
graph and address of the licensed individual, as 
provided in the application submitted under 
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, and the 
expiration date of the renewed license, in ac-
cordance with paragraph (3)(C)(vii)(II). 
‘‘(5) REVOCATION OF LICENSES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—If a licensed indi-
vidual becomes an individual who the Attorney 
General determines does not meet the require-
ments under paragraph (3)(A) of this sub-
section— 
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‘‘(i) the firearm owner license is re-
voked; and 
‘‘(ii) the individual shall surrender the 
firearm owner license to the Attorney Gen-
eral in accordance with paragraph (6)(A) 
of this subsection. 
‘‘(B) NOTICE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Upon receipt by 
the Attorney General of notice that a li-
censed individual has become an individual 
described in subparagraph (A), the Attor-
ney General shall provide written notice to 
the individual that— 
‘‘(I) the firearm owner license is 
revoked; and 
‘‘(II) states the specific grounds 
on which the revocation is based. 
‘‘(ii) NOTICE
TO
LOCAL
LAW
EN-
FORCEMENT.—The Attorney General shall 
transmit a copy of the notice described in 
clause (i) to the sheriff and law enforce-
ment agency having jurisdiction where the 
individual to which the denial pertains re-
sides. 
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‘‘(6) SURRENDER
OF
LICENSES
AND
QUALI-
FYING FIREARMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (F), an individual who is denied a fire-
arm owner license under paragraph (3)(D) or 
receives a revocation notice under paragraph 
(5)(B)(i) shall, not later than 48 hours after re-
ceiving notice of the denial or revocation— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
receives a revocation notice, surrender the 
firearm owner license of the individual— 
‘‘(I) by bringing the firearm 
owner license to an office of— 
‘‘(aa) the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation; 
‘‘(bb) the Bureau of Alcohol, 
Tobacco, Firearms, and Explo-
sives; or 
‘‘(cc) a United States Attor-
ney; or 
‘‘(II) by mailing the firearm 
owner license to the Attorney General; 
‘‘(ii) if the individual owns or has cus-
tody and control of a qualifying firearm, 
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complete a firearm disposition record de-
scribed in subparagraph (B) and— 
‘‘(I) in the case of an individual 
who receives a denial notice, submit 
that firearm disposition record to an 
entity described in clause (i); and 
‘‘(II) in the case of an individual 
who receives a revocation notice, sub-
mit that firearm disposition record at 
the same time that the individual sur-
renders the firearm owner license 
under clause (i); and 
‘‘(iii) transfer any qualifying firearm 
that is owned by or under the custody and 
control of the individual to— 
‘‘(I) any location other than— 
‘‘(aa) a location to which the 
individual has immediate access; 
‘‘(bb) a residence of the in-
dividual; 
‘‘(cc) a vehicle of the indi-
vidual; or 
‘‘(dd) a storage space of the 
individual; or 
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‘‘(II) if applicable, any person 
other than a member of the household 
of the individual. 
‘‘(B) FIREARM
DISPOSITION
RECORDS.— 
The Attorney General shall prescribe a form for 
a firearm disposition record to be completed 
under subparagraph (A)(ii) that shall require 
an individual completing the firearm disposition 
record to disclose— 
‘‘(i) the make, model, and serial num-
ber of each qualifying firearm that is 
owned by or under the custody and control 
of the individual on the date on which the 
firearm disposition record is completed by 
the individual; 
‘‘(ii) the location where each quali-
fying firearm described in clause (i) will be 
located after the individual submits the 
firearm disposition record; and 
‘‘(iii) if any qualifying firearm de-
scribed in clause (i) will be transferred to 
the ownership or custody and control of 
another person, the name, address, and, if 
applicable, firearm owner license number 
of the transferee. 
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‘‘(C) RESPONSIBILITIES OF RECEIVING EN-
TITIES.—At the time at which an entity de-
scribed in subparagraph (A)(i) receives a fire-
arm owner license and firearm disposition 
record under subparagraph (A), the entity 
shall— 
‘‘(i) provide to the individual surren-
dering the firearm owner license and sub-
mitting the firearm disposition record— 
‘‘(I) a receipt showing that the 
individual surrendered the firearm 
owner license to the entity; and 
‘‘(II) a copy of the firearm dis-
position record submitted by the indi-
vidual; and 
‘‘(ii) if the entity is an entity de-
scribed in item (aa), (bb), or (cc) of sub-
paragraph (A)(i)(I)— 
‘‘(I) transmit to the Attorney 
General— 
‘‘(aa) the firearm owner li-
cense; and 
‘‘(bb) the firearm disposition 
record; and 
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‘‘(II) maintain a copy of the doc-
uments described in subclause (I) of 
this clause. 
‘‘(D) RIGHT TO RECLAIM FIREARM.—An 
individual who transfers a qualifying firearm 
under subparagraph (A)(iii) may reclaim the 
qualifying firearm after a successful application 
for relief or appeal under section 925(g).’’. 
SEC. 103. RELIEF FROM DENIAL OR REVOCATION OF FIRE-
ARM OWNER LICENSES. 
Section 925 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(g) RELIEF FROM DENIAL
OR REVOCATION
OF 
FIREARM OWNER LICENSES.— 
‘‘(1) APPLICATION
TO
THE
ATTORNEY
GEN-
ERAL.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Attorney Gen-
eral denies a firearm owner license to an indi-
vidual under subsection (m)(3)(D) of section 
923 or revokes the firearm owner license of an 
individual under subsection (m)(5) of that sec-
tion, the individual may, not later than 60 days 
after the date on which the denial or revocation 
occurs, make an application to the Attorney 
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General for relief from that denial or revoca-
tion. 
‘‘(B) RELIEF.—The Attorney General may 
grant relief to an applicant under subparagraph 
(A), if the applicant establishes to the satisfac-
tion of the Attorney General that the cir-
cumstances relating to the denial or revocation, 
and the criminal record and personal reputation 
of the applicant, are such that— 
‘‘(i) the applicant will not be likely to 
act in a manner dangerous to public safe-
ty; and 
‘‘(ii) relief under this subparagraph 
would not be contrary to the public inter-
est. 
‘‘(C) NOTICE
IN
THE
FEDERAL
REG-
ISTER.—If the Attorney General grants relief 
under subparagraph (B), the Attorney General 
shall promptly publish in the Federal Register 
a notice— 
‘‘(i) that the relief was granted; and 
‘‘(ii) that describes the reasons for 
granting the relief. 
‘‘(2) APPEAL.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An applicant who is 
denied relief under paragraph (1)(B) may file a 
petition for judicial review of the denial with 
the district court of the United States for the 
district in which the applicant resides. 
‘‘(B) HEARING.—A court that receives a 
petition under subparagraph (A) shall hold a 
hearing to determine whether to grant the peti-
tioner relief described in paragraph (1)(A) not 
later than 72 hours after the petitioner files the 
petition. 
‘‘(C) NOTICE
AND
OPPORTUNITY
TO
BE 
HEARD.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The court shall 
provide the petitioner with notice and the 
opportunity to be heard at a hearing under 
this paragraph, sufficient to protect the 
due process rights of the petitioner. 
‘‘(ii) RIGHT TO COUNSEL.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—At a hearing 
under this paragraph, the petitioner 
may be represented by counsel who 
is— 
‘‘(aa) chosen by the peti-
tioner; and 
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‘‘(bb) authorized to practice 
at such a hearing. 
‘‘(II) COURT-PROVIDED
COUN-
SEL.—If the petitioner is financially 
unable to obtain representation by 
counsel, the court, at the request of 
the petitioner, shall ensure to the ex-
tent practicable that the petitioner is 
represented by an attorney for the 
Legal Services Corporation with re-
spect to the petition. 
‘‘(D) BURDEN OF PROOF; STANDARD.—At 
a hearing under this paragraph, the Attorney 
General— 
‘‘(i) shall have the burden of proving 
all material facts; and 
‘‘(ii) shall be required to demonstrate, 
by clear and convincing evidence, that the 
petitioner is prohibited under section 
923(m)(3)(A) from receiving a firearm 
owner license.’’. 
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TITLE II—RECORD OF SALE OR 
TRANSFER 
SEC. 201. SALE OR TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALI-
FYING FIREARMS. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by section 101 of this Act, is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘(cc) UNAUTHORIZED SALE
OR TRANSFER
OF
A 
QUALIFYING FIREARM.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to sell, deliver, or otherwise transfer a qualifying fire-
arm to, or for, any person who is not a licensed importer, 
licensed manufacturer, licensed dealer, or licensed col-
lector, or to receive a qualifying firearm from a person 
who is not a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, li-
censed dealer, or licensed collector, unless, at the time and 
place of the transfer or receipt— 
‘‘(1) the transferee presents to a licensed dealer 
a valid firearm owner license issued to the trans-
feree— 
‘‘(A) under subsection (m) of section 923; 
or 
‘‘(B) pursuant to a State firearm licensing 
system certified under section 933 established 
by the State in which the transfer or receipt oc-
curs; 
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‘‘(2) the licensed dealer contacts the Attorney 
General or the head of the State agency that admin-
isters the certified system described in paragraph 
(1)(B), as applicable, and receives notice that the 
transferee has been issued a firearm owner license 
described in paragraph (1) and that the firearm 
owner license remains valid; and 
‘‘(3) the licensed dealer records on a document 
(which, in the case of a sale, shall be the sales re-
ceipt) a tracking authorization number provided by 
the Attorney General or the head of the State agen-
cy, as applicable, as evidence that the licensed dealer 
has verified the validity of the firearm owner li-
cense.’’. 
SEC. 202. FIREARM RECORDS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 44 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 932. Firearm records 
‘‘(a) SUBMISSION
OF SALE
OR TRANSFER RE-
PORTS.—Not later than 14 days after the date on which 
the transfer of a qualifying firearm is processed by a li-
censed dealer under section 922(cc), the licensed dealer 
shall submit to the Attorney General (or, in the case of 
a licensed dealer located in a State that has a State fire-
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arm licensing and record of sale system certified under 
section 933, to the head of the State agency that admin-
isters that system) a report of that transfer, which shall 
include information relating to— 
‘‘(1) the manufacturer of the qualifying fire-
arm; 
‘‘(2) the model name or number of the quali-
fying firearm; 
‘‘(3) the serial number of the qualifying fire-
arm; 
‘‘(4) the date on which the qualifying firearm 
was received by the transferee; 
‘‘(5) the number of the valid firearm owner li-
cense issued to the transferee— 
‘‘(A) under section 923(m); or 
‘‘(B) in accordance with a State firearm li-
censing system certified under section 933 es-
tablished by the State in which the transfer or 
receipt occurs; and 
‘‘(6) the name and address of the individual 
who transferred the firearm to the transferee. 
‘‘(b) FEDERAL RECORD
OF SALE SYSTEM.—Not 
later than 270 days after the date of enactment of the 
Blair Holt Firearm Owner Licensing and Record of Sale 
Act of 2018, the Attorney General shall establish and 
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maintain a Federal record of sale system, which shall in-
clude the information included in each report submitted 
to the Attorney General under subsection (a).’’. 
(b) ELIMINATION OF PROHIBITION ON ESTABLISH-
MENT OF SYSTEM OF REGISTRATION.—Section 926(a) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
second sentence. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘932. Firearm records.’’. 
TITLE III—ADDITIONAL 
PROHIBITIONS 
SEC. 301. UNIVERSAL BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIRE-
MENT. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by sections 101 and 201 of this Act, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(dd) UNIVERSAL BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIRE-
MENT.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—Except as provided in 
paragraph (2), it shall be unlawful for any person 
other than a licensed importer, licensed manufac-
turer, licensed dealer, or licensed collector to sell, de-
liver, or otherwise transfer a firearm to any person 
other than such a licensee, unless the transfer is 
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processed through a licensed dealer in accordance 
with subsection (t). 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—Paragraph (1) shall not 
apply to the infrequent transfer of a firearm by gift, 
bequest, intestate succession, or other means by an 
individual to a parent, child, grandparent, or grand-
child of the individual, or to any loan of a firearm 
for any lawful purpose for not more than 30 days 
between individuals who are personally known to 
each other.’’. 
SEC. 302. FAILURE TO MAINTAIN OR PERMIT INSPECTION 
OF RECORDS. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by sections 101, 201, and 301 of this Act, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(ee) FAILURE TO MAINTAIN OR PERMIT INSPEC-
TION OF RECORDS.—It shall be unlawful for a licensed 
manufacturer or a licensed dealer to fail to comply with 
section 932, or to fail to maintain such records or supply 
such information as the Attorney General may require in 
order to ascertain compliance with that section and the 
regulations and orders issued under that section.’’. 
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SEC. 303. FAILURE TO REPORT LOSS OR THEFT OF FIRE-
ARM. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by sections 101, 201, 301, and 302 of this Act, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(ff) FAILURE TO REPORT LOSS
OR THEFT
OF 
FIREARMS.—It shall be unlawful for any person who owns 
a qualifying firearm to fail to report the loss or theft of 
the firearm to the Attorney General within 72 hours after 
the loss or theft is discovered by the person who owns the 
qualifying firearm.’’. 
SEC. 304. FAILURE TO PROVIDE NOTICE OF CHANGE OF AD-
DRESS. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by sections 101, 201, 301, 302, and 303 of this 
Act, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(gg) FAILURE TO PROVIDE NOTICE OF CHANGE OF 
ADDRESS.—It shall be unlawful for any individual to 
whom a firearm owner license has been issued under sec-
tion 923(m) to fail to report to the Attorney General a 
change in the address of that individual within 60 days 
of that change of address.’’. 
SEC. 305. CHILD ACCESS PREVENTION. 
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, as 
amended by sections 101, 201, 301, 302, 303, and 304 
of this Act, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(hh) CHILD ACCESS PREVENTION.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITION
OF
CHILD.—In this sub-
section, the term ‘child’ means an individual who has 
not attained 18 years of age. 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION AND PENALTIES.—Except as 
provided in paragraph (3), it shall be unlawful for 
any person to keep a loaded firearm, or an unloaded 
firearm and ammunition for the firearm, any one of 
which has been shipped or transported in interstate 
or foreign commerce, within any premises that is 
under the custody or control of that person, if— 
‘‘(A) that person— 
‘‘(i) knows, or recklessly disregards 
the risk, that a child is capable of gaining 
access to the firearm; and 
‘‘(ii) either— 
‘‘(I) knows, or recklessly dis-
regards the risk, that a child will use 
the firearm to cause the death of, or 
serious bodily injury (as defined in 
section 1365) to, the child or any 
other individual; or 
‘‘(II) knows, or reasonably should 
know, that possession of the firearm 
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by a child is unlawful under Federal 
or State law; and 
‘‘(B) a child uses the firearm and the use 
of that firearm causes the death of, or serious 
bodily injury to, the child or any other indi-
vidual. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTIONS.—Paragraph (2) shall not 
apply if— 
‘‘(A) at the time the child obtained access, 
the firearm was secured with a secure gun stor-
age or safety device; 
‘‘(B) the person is a peace officer, a mem-
ber of the Armed Forces, or a member of the 
National Guard, and the child obtains the fire-
arm during, or incidental to, the performance of 
the official duties of the person in that capacity; 
‘‘(C) the child uses the firearm in a lawful 
act of self-defense or defense of one or more 
other persons; or 
‘‘(D) the person has no reasonable expecta-
tion, 
based 
on 
objective 
facts 
and 
cir-
cumstances, that a child is likely to be present 
on the premises on which the firearm is kept.’’. 
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TITLE IV—ENFORCEMENT 
SEC. 401. CRIMINAL PENALTIES. 
(a) FAILURE TO POSSESS FIREARM OWNER LI-
CENSE; FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH DENIAL AND REV-
OCATION REQUIREMENTS; FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH 
QUALIFYING FIREARM SALE
OR TRANSFER REQUIRE-
MENTS; FAILURE TO MAINTAIN OR PERMIT INSPECTION 
OF RECORDS.—Section 924(a) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) Whoever knowingly violates subsection (aa), 
(bb), (cc), or (ee) of section 922 shall be fined under this 
title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.’’. 
(b) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH UNIVERSAL BACK-
GROUND CHECKS; FAILURE TO TIMELY REPORT LOSS OR 
THEFT OF A QUALIFYING FIREARM; FAILURE TO PRO-
VIDE
NOTICE
OF
CHANGE
OF
ADDRESS.—Section 
924(a)(5) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ‘‘(s) or (t)’’ and inserting ‘‘(t), (dd), (ff), or (gg)’’. 
(c) CHILD ACCESS PREVENTION.—Section 924(a) of 
title 18, United States Code, as amended by subsection 
(a) of this section, is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(9) Whoever violates section 922(hh) shall be fined 
under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or 
both.’’. 
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TITLE V—FIREARM INJURY 
INFORMATION AND RESEARCH 
SEC. 501. DUTIES OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall— 
(1) establish and maintain a firearm injury in-
formation clearinghouse to collect, investigate, ana-
lyze, and disseminate data and information relating 
to the causes and prevention of death and injury as-
sociated with firearms; 
(2) conduct continuing studies and investiga-
tions of firearm-related deaths and injuries; 
(3) collect and maintain current production and 
sales figures for each licensed manufacturer; and 
(4) conduct a study on the efficacy of firearms 
that incorporate technology that prevents the use of 
those firearms by unauthorized users (commonly 
known as ‘‘smart guns’’), in the prevention of unin-
tended firearm deaths. 
(b) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—Periodically, 
but not less frequently than annually, the Attorney Gen-
eral shall submit to Congress and make available to the 
public a report on the activities and findings of the Attor-
ney General under subsection (a). 
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TITLE VI—EFFECT ON STATE 
LAW 
SEC. 601. EFFECT ON STATE LAW. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—This Act and the amendments 
made by this Act may not be construed to preempt any 
provision of the law of any State or political subdivision 
of that State, or prevent a State or political subdivision 
of that State from enacting any provision of law regulating 
or prohibiting conduct with respect to firearms, except to 
the extent that the provision of law is inconsistent with 
any provision of this Act or an amendment made by this 
Act, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency. 
(b) RULE
OF INTERPRETATION.—A provision of 
State law is not inconsistent with this Act or an amend-
ment made by this Act if the provision imposes a regula-
tion or prohibition of greater scope or a penalty of greater 
severity than a corresponding prohibition or penalty im-
posed by this Act or an amendment made by this Act. 
SEC. 602. CERTIFICATION OF STATE FIREARM LICENSING 
SYSTEMS AND STATE FIREARM RECORD OF 
SALE SYSTEMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 44 of title 18, United 
States Code, as amended by section 202 of this Act, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘§ 933. Certification of State firearm licensing sys-
tems and State firearm record of sale sys-
tems 
‘‘Upon a written request of the chief executive officer 
of a State, the Attorney General may certify— 
‘‘(1) a firearm licensing system established by 
a State, if State law requires the system to satisfy 
the requirements applicable to the Federal firearm 
licensing system established under section 923(m); 
and 
‘‘(2) a firearm record of sale system established 
by a State, if State law requires the head of the 
State agency that administers the system to submit 
to the Federal firearm record of sale system estab-
lished under section 932(b) a copy of each report 
submitted to the head of the agency under section 
932(a), not later than 7 days after receipt of the re-
port.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, as amended 
by section 202 of this Act, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘933. Certification of State firearm licensing systems and State firearm record 
of sale systems.’’. 
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TITLE VII—RELATIONSHIP TO 
OTHER LAW 
SEC. 701. SUBORDINATION TO ARMS EXPORT CONTROL 
ACT. 
In the event of any conflict between any provision of 
this Act or an amendment made by this Act, and any pro-
vision of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 
et seq.), the provision of the Arms Export Control Act 
shall control. 
TITLE VIII—INAPPLICABILITY 
SEC. 801. INAPPLICABILITY TO GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORI-
TIES. 
This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall 
not apply to any department or agency of the United 
States, of a State, or of a political subdivision of a State, 
or to any official conduct of any officer or employee of 
such a department or agency. 
TITLE IX—EFFECTIVE DATE 
SEC. 901. EFFECTIVE DATE OF AMENDMENTS. 
The amendments made by this Act shall take effect 
1 year after the date of enactment of this Act. 
Æ 
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