I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1005 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to reauthorize and expand the 
National Threat Assessment Center of the Department of Homeland Security. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 14, 2023 
Mr. DIAZ-BALART (for himself and Mr. MOSKOWITZ) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addi-
tion to the Committee on Education and the Workforce, for a period to 
be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider-
ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to reauthorize and 
expand the National Threat Assessment Center of the 
Department of Homeland Security. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘EAGLES Act of 
2023’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
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(1) On February 14, 2018, 17 individuals were 
murdered in a senseless and violent attack on Mar-
jory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland 
Florida, a school whose mascot is the eagle. 
(2) These individuals—Alaina Petty, Alex 
Schachter, Alyssa Alhadeff, Cara Loughran, Carmen 
Schentrup, Gina Montalto, Helena Ramsay, Jaime 
Guttenberg, Joaquin Oliver, Luke Hoyer, Martin 
Duque, Meadow Pollack, Nicholas Dworet, Peter 
Wang, Aaron Feis, Chris Hixon, and Scott Beigel— 
lived lives of warmth, joy, determination, service, 
and love, and their loss is mourned by the Nation. 
(3) Like many attackers, the shooter in that at-
tack exhibited patterns of threatening and con-
cerning behavior prior to the massacre that were 
alarming and that should have alerted law enforce-
ment and other Federal, State, and local officials 
about the potential for violence. 
(4) Acts of targeted violence, including the at-
tack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, 
are preventable. 
(5) Lives were saved because of the brave and 
exemplary conduct of many students, teachers, and 
staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, in-
cluding several of the victims of the attack. 
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(6) The Secret Service National Threat Assess-
ment Center (referred to in this Act as the ‘‘Cen-
ter’’) was established in 1998 to conduct research on 
all forms of targeted violence, including attacks tar-
geting government officials, government facilities, 
workplaces, houses of worship, K–12 schools, univer-
sities, and mass attacks in public spaces. 
(7) Research published by the Center on tar-
geted violence has shown that— 
(A) most incidents were planned in ad-
vance; 
(B) the attackers’ behavior gave some indi-
cation that the individual was planning, or at 
least contemplating, an attack; 
(C) most attackers had already exhibited a 
pattern of behavior that elicited concern to 
other people in their lives; and 
(D) prior to the attack, someone associated 
with the attacker, such as a family member or 
peer, often knew the attack was to likely to 
occur. 
(8) Through their research, the Center devel-
oped the Secret Service’s behavioral threat assess-
ment model for preventing targeted violence, which 
includes a 3-step process— 
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(A) identifying individuals who are exhib-
iting threatening or concerning behaviors that 
indicate they may pose a risk of violence; 
(B) assessing whether the individual poses 
a risk, based on articulable facts; and 
(C) risk posed by the individualized 
proactive and preventive measures. 
(9) The Secret Service’s behavioral threat as-
sessment model works most effectively when all the 
relevant parties, including local law enforcement, 
mental health professionals, workplace managers, 
school personnel, and members of the community, 
are part of a comprehensive protocol to identify, as-
sess, and manage a potential threat. 
(10) The primary goal of behavioral threat as-
sessment programs is to prevent targeted violence, 
with an emphasis on providing early intervention 
and connecting individuals exhibiting threatening or 
concerning behavior to existing community resources 
for support. 
(11) Early intervention is a proven and effective 
way to prevent violent conduct that would otherwise 
harm others and necessitate more punitive action, 
including criminal penalties. 
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(12) The parties involved need the appropriate 
research, guidance, training, and tools to establish 
the appropriate mechanisms for implementing this 
type of preventative approach. 
(13) In K–12 schools, a behavioral threat as-
sessment is a proactive approach to identify, assess, 
and provide age-appropriate interventions, resources, 
and supports for students who display behavior that 
elicits concerns for the safety of themselves or oth-
ers. 
(14) There has been a 79 percent decline in ju-
venile arrests in K–12 school communities who have 
received Center training, thus successfully diverting 
youth away from the criminal justice system. 
(15) The demand from local communities 
throughout the United States for behavioral threat 
assessment trainings has significantly increased. 
Since its inception, the Center has provided over 
2,575 training sessions to over 273,000 attendees. 
(16) From fiscal year 2018 to fiscal year 2022, 
the Center has experienced a 117 percent increase in 
demand for training sessions, with five times as 
many participants. 
(17) The Center additionally provides consulta-
tion and follow-up engagements with government 
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agencies, law enforcement, schools, and other organi-
zations with public safety responsibilities. From fis-
cal year 2018 to fiscal year 2022 the Center has 
seen a 553 percent increase in consultation activi-
ties. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that a fact-based behavioral threat assessment ap-
proach, involving local law enforcement, mental health 
professionals, workplace managers, school personnel, other 
public safety officials, and members of the community, is 
one of the most effective ways to prevent targeted violence 
impacting communities across the country, and is a fitting 
memorial to those whose lives were taken in the February 
14, 2018, attack on Marjory Stoneman Douglas High 
School and those who heroically acted to preserve the lives 
of their friends, students, and colleagues. 
SEC. 3. REAUTHORIZATION AND EXPANSION OF THE NA-
TIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT CENTER OF 
THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 203 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 3056A 
the following: 
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‘‘§ 3056B. Functions of the National Threat Assess-
ment Center of the United States Secret 
Service 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established a National 
Threat Assessment Center (in this section referred to as 
the ‘Center’), to be operated by the United States Secret 
Service, at the direction of the Secretary of Homeland Se-
curity. 
‘‘(b) FUNCTIONS.—The functions of the Center shall 
include the following: 
‘‘(1) Training and education in the area of best 
practices on threat assessment and the prevention of 
targeted violence. 
‘‘(2) Consultation on complex threat assessment 
cases and programs. 
‘‘(3) Research on threat assessment and the 
prevention of targeted violence, consistent with evi-
dence-based standards and existing laws and regula-
tions. 
‘‘(4) Facilitation of information sharing on 
threat assessment and the prevention of targeted vi-
olence among agencies and organizations with pro-
tective or public safety responsibilities, as well as 
other public or private entities. 
‘‘(5) Development of evidence-based programs 
to promote the standardization of Federal, State, 
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and local threat assessments and best practices for 
the prevention of targeted violence. 
‘‘(c) SAFE SCHOOL INITIATIVE.—In carrying out the 
functions described in subsection (b), the Center shall es-
tablish a national program on targeted school violence pre-
vention, focusing on the following activities: 
‘‘(1) RESEARCH.—The Center shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct research into targeted school 
violence and evidence-based practices in tar-
geted school violence prevention, including 
school threat assessment; and 
‘‘(B) publish the findings of the Center on 
the public website of the United States Secret 
Service and on the School Safety Clearinghouse 
website, known as www.SchoolSafety.gov. 
‘‘(2) TRAINING.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Center shall de-
velop and offer training courses on targeted 
school violence prevention to agencies with pro-
tective or public safety responsibilities and 
other public or private entities, including local 
educational agencies. 
‘‘(B) PLAN.—Not later than one year after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Cen-
ter shall establish a plan to offer its training 
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and other educational resources to public or pri-
vate entities within each State. 
‘‘(3) COORDINATION
WITH
OTHER
FEDERAL 
AGENCIES.—The Center shall develop research and 
training programs under this section in coordination 
with the Department of Justice, the Department of 
Education, and the Department of Health and 
Human Services. 
‘‘(4) CONSULTATION WITH ENTITIES OUTSIDE 
THE
FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT.—The Center is au-
thorized to consult with State and local educational, 
law enforcement, and mental health officials and pri-
vate entities in the development of research and 
training programs under this section. 
‘‘(5) INTERACTIVE WEBSITE.—The Center may 
create an interactive website to disseminate informa-
tion and data on evidence-based practices in tar-
geted school violence prevention. 
‘‘(d) HIRING OF ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL.—The Di-
rector of the United States Secret Service may hire addi-
tional personnel to comply with the requirements of this 
section, which, if the Director exercises that authority, 
shall include— 
‘‘(1) at least one employee with expertise in 
child psychological development; and 
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‘‘(6) A formal evaluation indicating whether the 
training and other assistance provided by the Center 
was implemented by the school. 
‘‘(7) A summary of the Center’s research activi-
ties and findings. 
‘‘(8) A strategic plan for disseminating the 
Center’s educational and training resources to each 
State. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028. 
Amounts appropriated pursuant to such authorization 
shall be derived wholly from the unobligated balances of 
amounts made available to the Department, on or before 
the date of the enactment of this section, to prevent, pre-
pare for, or respond to the coronavirus. 
‘‘(g) NO FUNDS TO PROVIDE FIREARMS TRAIN-
ING.—Amounts made available to carry out this section 
may not be used to train any person in the use of a fire-
arm. 
‘‘(h) NO EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.—Nothing in this 
section may be construed to preclude or contradict any 
other provision of law authorizing training in the use of 
firearms. 
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‘‘(i) TERMINATION.—This section shall terminate on 
September 30, 2028. 
‘‘(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) EVIDENCE-BASED.—The term ‘evidence- 
based’ means— 
‘‘(A) strong evidence from at least one 
well-designed 
and 
well-implemented 
experi-
mental study; 
‘‘(B) moderate evidence from at least one 
well-designed and well-implemented quasi-exper-
imental study; or 
‘‘(C) promising evidence from at least one 
well-designed and well-implemented correla-
tional study with statistical controls for selec-
tion bias. 
‘‘(2) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term 
‘local educational agency’ has the meaning given 
such term under section 8101 of the Elementary 
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
7801); and 
‘‘(3) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means any 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Is-
lands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.’’. 
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(b) TECHNICAL, CONFORMING, 
AND
CLERICAL 
AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING
AMEND-
MENT.—Section 4 of the Presidential Threat Protec-
tion Act of 2000 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note) is repealed. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for chapter 203 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating 
to section 3056A the following new item: 
‘‘3056B. Functions of the National Threat Assessment Center of the United 
States Secret Service.’’. 
Æ 
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