I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2677 
To establish the Constitutional Government Review Commission, and for 
other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 7, 2025 
Mr. DUNN of Florida (for himself, Mr. SCOTT FRANKLIN of Florida, and Mr. 
BAIRD) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the 
Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within 
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To establish the Constitutional Government Review 
Commission, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘10th Amendment Res-
toration Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT. 
There is established a commission, to be known as 
the ‘‘Constitutional Government Review Commission’’, 
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that shall review each agency in accordance with specified 
criteria to determine if such agency should be repealed to 
eliminate Federal powers not definitively delegated by the 
Constitution. 
SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall be com-
posed of 9 members who shall be appointed by the Presi-
dent, not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, by and with the advice and consent of 
the Senate. 
(b) TERM.—The term of each member shall com-
mence upon the confirmation of the member by the Senate 
and shall extend to the date that is 5 years and 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act or that is 5 
years after the date on which all members have been con-
firmed by the Senate, whichever is later. 
(c) APPOINTMENT.—The members of the Commis-
sion shall be appointed as follows: 
(1) CHAIR.—The President shall appoint as the 
Chair of the Commission an individual with expertise 
and experience in the Constitution and the funda-
mental principles by which the authority of the Fed-
eral Government is exercised. 
(2) CANDIDATE
LIST
OF
MEMBERS.—The 
Speaker of the House of Representatives, the minor-
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ity leader of the House of Representatives, the ma-
jority leader of the Senate, and the minority leader 
of the Senate shall each present to the President a 
list of candidates to be members of the Commission. 
Such candidates shall be individuals learned in the 
original meaning of the Constitution. The President 
shall appoint 2 members of the Commission from 
each list provided under this paragraph, subject to 
the provisions of paragraph (3). 
(3) RESUBMISSION OF CANDIDATE.—The Presi-
dent may request from the presenter of a list under 
paragraph (2) a new list of one or more candidates 
if the President— 
(A) determines that any candidate on a list 
presented pursuant to paragraph (2) does not 
meet the qualifications specified in such para-
graph to be a member of the Commission; and 
(B) certifies that determination to the con-
gressional officials specified in paragraph (2). 
(d) PAY AND TRAVEL EXPENSES.— 
(1) PAY.— 
(A) MEMBERS.—Each member, other than 
the Chair of the Commission, shall be paid at 
a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the min-
imum annual rate of basic pay payable for level 
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IV of the Executive Schedule under section 
5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each 
day (including travel time) during which the 
member is engaged in the actual performance of 
duties vested in the Commission. 
(B) CHAIR.—The Chair shall be paid for 
each day referred to in subparagraph (A) at a 
rate equal to the daily equivalent of the min-
imum annual rate of basic pay payable for level 
III of the Executive Schedule under section 
5314 of title 5, United States Code. 
(2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Members shall receive 
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsist-
ence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of 
title 5, United States Code. 
(e) MEETINGS.—The Commission may meet when, 
where, and as often as the Commission determines appro-
priate, except that the Commission shall hold public meet-
ings not less than twice each year. All meetings of the 
Commission shall be open to the public. 
SEC. 4. DUTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall conduct a 
review of the authorizing statute of each agency and the 
statutory authority implemented by each such agency to 
determine if any are not definitively delegated to the Fed-
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eral Government by the Constitution. In any review con-
ducted by the Commission, the goal of the Commission 
shall be to ensure that powers not delegated to the United 
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the 
States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the 
people. 
(b) METHODOLOGY FOR REVIEW.—The Commission 
shall establish a methodology for conducting the review 
and shall publish the terms of the methodology in the Fed-
eral Register and on the website of the Commission. The 
Commission may propose and seek public comment on the 
methodology before the methodology is established. 
(c) REPEAL RECOMMENDATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—After completion of any re-
view under subsection (a), the Commission shall rec-
ommend whether immediate action is appropriate to 
repeal the authorizing statute of an agency and the 
statutory authority implemented by such agency. 
(2) DECISIONS BY MAJORITY.—Each decision 
by the Commission to issue a repeal recommendation 
under this subsection shall be made by a simple ma-
jority vote of the Commission. No such vote shall 
take place until after all members of the Commission 
have been confirmed by the Senate. 
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(d) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF SAV-
INGS AMONG THE STATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall pre-
pare, in consultation with the Comptroller General 
of the United States, an estimate of Federal spend-
ing or revenue changes resulting from the adoption 
of a repeal recommendation under subsection (c). 
(2) DISTRIBUTION RECOMMENDATIONS.—After 
completion of the estimate under paragraph (1), the 
Commission shall prepare a recommendation for dis-
tributing any Federal budget savings in lump sums 
among the States for administration of powers re-
turned to the States as a result of the adoption of 
a repeal recommendation under subsection (c). 
(e) INITIATION OF REVIEW BY OTHER PERSONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission may also 
conduct a review under subsection (a), and issue a 
recommendation under subsection (c), of an author-
izing statute of an agency and the statutory author-
ity implemented by such agency which are submitted 
for review to the Commission by— 
(A) the President; 
(B) a Member of Congress; 
(C) any officer or employee of a Federal, 
State, local, or regional governmental body; or 
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(D) any member of the public. 
(2) FORM OF SUBMISSION.—A submission to 
the Commission under this subsection shall— 
(A) identify the specific agency for review; 
(B) provide a statement of evidence to 
demonstrate that the agency qualifies to be 
identified for review under the criteria listed in 
subsection (a); and 
(C) include such other information as the 
submitter believes may be helpful to the review 
of the Commission. 
(3) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The Commission 
shall make each submission received under this sub-
section available on the website of the Commission 
as soon as possible, but not later than 1 week after 
the date on which the submission was received. 
(f) NOTICES AND REPORTS OF THE COMMISSION.— 
(1) NOTICES
OF
AND
REPORTS
ON
ACTIVI-
TIES.—The Commission shall publish in the Federal 
Register and on the website of the Commission— 
(A) notices in advance of all public meet-
ings, hearings, and recommendations informing 
the public of the basis, purpose, and procedures 
for the meeting, hearing, or classification; and 
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(B) reports after the conclusion of any 
public meeting, hearing, or recommendation 
summarizing in detail the basis, purpose, and 
substance of the meeting, hearing, or rec-
ommendation. 
(2) ANNUAL
REPORTS
TO
CONGRESS.—Each 
year, beginning on the date that is 1 year after the 
date on which all Commission members have been 
confirmed by the Senate, the Commission shall sub-
mit a report simultaneously to each House of Con-
gress detailing the activities of the Commission for 
the previous year, and all recommendations of the 
Commission for repeal and distribution of savings 
among the States under this section, including (at 
the option of the Commission) a proposed bill con-
sisting of legislative text to carry out the rec-
ommendations. 
(3) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than the date 
on which the appointments of the Commission mem-
bers expire, the Commission shall submit a final re-
port simultaneously to each House of Congress sum-
marizing all activities and recommendations of the 
Commission, including a list of each statute for im-
mediate action to repeal, recommendations for dis-
tribution of savings among the States, and (at the 
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option of the Commission) a proposed bill consisting 
of legislative text to carry out the recommendations. 
This report may be included in the final annual re-
port of the Commission under paragraph (2) and 
may include a recommendation on whether the Com-
mission should be reauthorized by Congress. 
(g) WEBSITE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall estab-
lish a public website that— 
(A) uses current information technology to 
make records available on the website; 
(B) provides information in a standard 
data format; and 
(C) receives and publishes public com-
ments. 
(2) PUBLISHING OF INFORMATION.—Any infor-
mation required to be made available on the website 
established pursuant to this Act shall be published 
in a timely manner and shall be accessible by the 
public on the website at no cost. 
(3) RECORD OF PUBLIC MEETINGS AND HEAR-
INGS.—All records of public meetings and hearings 
shall be published on the website as soon as possible, 
but not later than 1 week after the date on which 
such public meeting or hearing occurred. 
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(4) PUBLIC COMMENTS.—The Commission shall 
publish on the website all public comments and sub-
missions. 
(5) NOTICES.—The Commission shall publish 
on the website notices of all public meetings and 
hearings at least 1 week before the date on which 
such public meeting or hearing occurs. 
SEC. 5. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES FOR CONSIDERATION OF 
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATIONS. 
(a) DESCRIPTION OF COMMISSION BILL.—In this 
section, the ‘‘Commission bill’’ is a bill— 
(1) which consists of the legislative text in-
cluded in an annual report submitted by the Com-
mission under paragraph (2) of section 4(f) and 
which is introduced not later than 5 legislative days 
after the date on which the Commission submits 
such annual report by the majority leader of the 
Senate or by a Member of the Senate designated by 
the majority leader of the Senate (in the case of the 
Senate) or by the Speaker of the House of Rep-
resentatives or by a Member of the House of Rep-
resentatives designated by the Speaker (in the case 
of the House of Representatives); and 
(2) which consists of the legislative text in-
cluded in the final report submitted by the Commis-
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sion under paragraph (3) of section 4(f) and which 
is introduced not later than 5 legislative days after 
the date on which the Commission submits such 
final report by the majority leader of the Senate or 
by a Member of the Senate designated by the major-
ity leader of the Senate (in the case of the Senate) 
or by the Speaker of the House of Representatives 
or by a Member of the House of Representatives 
designated by the Speaker (in the case of the House 
of Representatives). 
(b) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION IN HOUSE OF REP-
RESENTATIVES.— 
(1) PLACEMENT ON CALENDAR.—Upon intro-
duction in the House of Representatives, the Com-
mission bill shall be placed immediately on the ap-
propriate calendar. 
(2) PROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—It shall be in order, not 
later than 30 legislative days after the date the 
Commission bill is introduced in the House of 
Representatives, to move to proceed to consider 
the Commission bill in the House of Represent-
atives. 
(B) PROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro-
ceed to consider the Commission bill— 
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(i) all points of order against the mo-
tion are waived; 
(ii) such a motion shall not be in 
order after the House of Representatives 
has disposed of a motion to proceed on the 
Commission bill; 
(iii) the previous question shall be 
considered as ordered on the motion to its 
adoption without intervening motion; 
(iv) the motion shall not be debatable; 
and 
(v) a motion to reconsider the vote by 
which the motion is disposed of shall not 
be in order. 
(3) CONSIDERATION.—When the House of Rep-
resentatives proceeds to consideration of the Com-
mission bill— 
(A) the Commission bill shall be considered 
as read; 
(B) all points of order against the Com-
mission bill (and against consideration of the 
Commission bill) are waived; 
(C) the previous question shall be consid-
ered as ordered on the Commission bill to its 
passage without intervening motion except 10 
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hours of debate equally divided and controlled 
by the proponent and an opponent; 
(D) an amendment to the Commission bill 
shall not be in order; and 
(E) a motion to reconsider the vote on pas-
sage of the Commission bill shall not be in 
order. 
(4) VOTE ON PASSAGE.—In the House of Rep-
resentatives, the Commission bill shall be agreed to 
upon a vote of a majority of the Members present 
and voting, a quorum being present. 
(c) EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION IN SENATE.— 
(1) PLACEMENT ON CALENDAR.—Upon intro-
duction in the Senate, the Commission bill shall be 
placed immediately on the calendar. 
(2) PROCEEDING TO CONSIDERATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding rule 
XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it is 
in order, not later than 30 legislative days after 
the date the Commission bill is introduced in 
the Senate (even though a previous motion to 
the same effect has been disagreed to) to move 
to proceed to consideration of the Commission 
bill. 
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(B) PROCEDURE.—For a motion to pro-
ceed to consideration of the Commission bill— 
(i) all points of order against the mo-
tion are waived; 
(ii) the motion is not debatable; 
(iii) the motion is not subject to a mo-
tion to postpone; 
(iv) a motion to reconsider the vote by 
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed 
to shall not be in order; and 
(v) if the motion is agreed to, the 
Commission bill shall remain the unfin-
ished business of the Senate until disposed 
of. 
(3) FLOOR CONSIDERATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Senate proceeds 
to consideration of the Commission bill— 
(i) all points of order against the 
Commission bill (and against consideration 
of the Commission bill) are waived; 
(ii) consideration of the Commission 
bill, and all debatable motions and appeals 
in connection therewith, shall be limited to 
not more than 30 hours, which shall be di-
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vided equally between the majority and mi-
nority leaders or their designees; 
(iii) a motion further to limit debate 
is in order and not debatable; 
(iv) an amendment to, a motion to 
postpone, or a motion to commit the Com-
mission bill is not in order; and 
(v) a motion to proceed to the consid-
eration of other business is not in order. 
(B) VOTE ON PASSAGE.—In the Senate— 
(i) the vote on passage shall occur im-
mediately following the conclusion of con-
sideration of the Commission bill, and a 
single quorum call at the conclusion of the 
debate if requested in accordance with the 
rules of the Senate; and 
(ii) the Commission bill shall be 
agreed to upon a vote of a majority of the 
Members present and voting, a quorum 
being present. 
(C) RULINGS OF THE CHAIR ON PROCE-
DURE.—Appeals from the decisions of the Chair 
relating to the application of this subsection or 
the rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to 
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it shall no longer be in order to consider the Com-
mission bill that originated in the receiving House. 
(3) TREATMENT
OF
COMMISSION
BILL
RE-
CEIVED BY SENATE.—If, following passage of the 
Commission bill in the Senate, the Senate receives 
the Commission bill from the House of Representa-
tives, the Commission bill received from the House 
of Representatives shall not be debatable. 
(4) VETO MESSAGE IN SENATE.—If the Presi-
dent vetoes the Commission bill, consideration of a 
veto message in the Senate under this section shall 
be not more than 10 hours equally divided between 
the majority and minority leaders or their designees. 
(e) RULES OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND 
SENATE.—This section is enacted by Congress— 
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, respec-
tively, and as such is deemed a part of the rules of 
each House, respectively, but applicable only with re-
spect to the procedure to be followed in that House 
in the case of the Commission bill, and supersedes 
other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent 
with such rules; and 
(2) with full recognition of the constitutional 
right of either House to change the rules (so far as 
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relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, 
in the same manner, and to the same extent as in 
the case of any other rule of that House. 
SEC. 6. DIRECTOR, STAFF, AND EXPERTS AND CONSULT-
ANTS. 
(a) DIRECTOR.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall ap-
point a Director. 
(2) PAY.—The Director shall be paid at the 
rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive 
Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, United 
States Code. 
(b) STAFF.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 
the Director, with the approval of the Commission, 
may appoint, fix the pay of, and terminate addi-
tional personnel. 
(2) SCOPE OF APPOINTMENT AUTHORITY.—The 
Director may make such appointments without re-
gard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, 
governing appointments in the competitive service, 
and any personnel so appointed may be paid without 
regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and sub-
chapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to 
classification and General Schedule pay rates, except 
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that an individual so appointed may not receive pay 
in excess of the annual rate of basic pay payable for 
GS–15 of the General Schedule. 
(3) AGENCY ASSISTANCE.—Following consulta-
tion with, and upon request of, the Chair of the 
Commission, the head of an agency may detail any 
of the personnel of that agency to the Commission 
to assist the Commission in carrying out the duties 
of the Commission under this Act. 
(4) GAO ASSISTANCE.—The Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States shall provide assistance, in-
cluding the detailing of employees, to the Commis-
sion in accordance with an agreement entered into 
with the Commission. 
(5) ASSISTANCE FROM OTHER PARTIES.—Con-
gress and the States may provide assistance, includ-
ing the detailing of employees, to the Commission in 
accordance with an agreement entered into with the 
Commission. 
(c) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Commission 
may procure by contract, to the extent funds are available, 
the temporary or intermittent services of experts or con-
sultants pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States 
Code. 
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SEC. 7. POWERS AND AUTHORITIES. 
(a) HEARINGS.—The Commission may, for the pur-
pose of carrying out this Act, hold hearings to consider 
issues of fact or law relevant to the work of the Commis-
sion. Any hearing held by the Commission shall be open 
to the public. 
(b) ACCESS
TO INFORMATION.—The Commission 
may secure directly from any agency information and doc-
uments necessary to enable the Commission to carry out 
this Act. Upon request of the Chair of the Commission, 
the head of that agency shall furnish the information or 
documents to the Commission as soon as possible, but not 
later than two weeks after the date on which the request 
was made. 
(c) SUBPOENA POWER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission may issue 
subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of 
witnesses and the production of any evidence relat-
ing to the duties of the Commission. The attendance 
of witnesses and the production of evidence may be 
required from any place within the United States at 
any designated place of hearing within the United 
States. 
(2) FAILURE TO OBEY A SUBPOENA.—If a per-
son refuses to obey a subpoena issued under para-
graph (1), the Commission may apply to a United 
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States district court for an order requiring that per-
son to appear before the Commission to give testi-
mony, produce evidence, or both, relating to the 
matter under investigation. The application may be 
made within the judicial district where the hearing 
is conducted or where that person is found, resides, 
or transacts business. Any failure to obey the order 
of the court may be punished by the court as civil 
contempt. 
(3) SERVICE OF SUBPOENAS.—The subpoenas 
of the Commission shall be served in the manner 
provided for subpoenas issued by a United States 
district court under the Federal Rules of Civil Pro-
cedure for the United States district courts. 
(4) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—All process of any 
court to which application is made under paragraph 
(2) may be served in the judicial district in which 
the person required to be served resides or may be 
found. 
(d) PROPERTY.—The Commission may lease space 
and acquire personal property to the extent funds are 
available. 
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SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated such sums as may be necessary to the Commission 
to carry out this Act, not to exceed $30,000,000. 
(b) AVAILABILITY.—Any sums appropriated under 
the authorization contained in this section shall remain 
available, without fiscal year limitation, until the earlier 
of the date that such sums are expended or the date of 
the termination of the Commission. 
SEC. 9. APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER 10 OF TITLE 5, UNITED 
STATES CODE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in 
this Act, the Commission shall be subject to chapter 10 
of title 5, United States Code. 
(b) ADVISORY COMMITTEE MANAGEMENT OFFICE.— 
The Commission shall not be subject to the control of any 
Advisory Committee Management Officer designated 
under section 1007(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code. 
(c) SUBCOMMITTEE.—Any subcommittee of the Com-
mission shall be treated as the Commission for purposes 
of chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code. 
(d) CHARTER.—The enactment of this Act shall be 
considered to meet the requirements of the Commission 
under section 1008(c) of title 5, United States Code. 
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SEC. 10. TERMINATION. 
The Commission shall terminate on the date that is 
5 years and 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act or 5 years after the date on which the terms of 
all Commission members have commenced, whichever is 
later. 
SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 551 of title 5, 
United States Code. 
(2) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, each 
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 
States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe. 
(3) UNFUNDED
MANDATE.—The term ‘‘un-
funded mandate’’ has the meaning given the term 
‘‘Federal mandate’’ in section 421 of the Congres-
sional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658). 
Æ 
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H2677
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS