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‘‘(6) INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY.—The term 
‘information technology’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 11101 of title 40. 
‘‘(7) NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITION.—The term ‘national se-
curity system’ means any information system 
(including any telecommunications system) used 
or operated by an agency or by a contractor of 
an agency, or other organization on behalf of an 
agency— 
‘‘(i) the function, operation, or use of 
which— 
‘‘(I) involves intelligence activi-
ties; 
‘‘(II) involves cryptologic activi-
ties related to national security; 
‘‘(III) involves command and 
control of military forces; 
‘‘(IV) involves equipment that is 
an integral part of a weapon or weap-
ons system; or 
‘‘(V) subject to subparagraph 
(B), is critical to the direct fulfillment 
of military or intelligence missions; or 
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‘‘(ii) is protected at all times by proce-
dures established for information that have 
been specifically authorized under criteria 
established by an Executive order or an 
Act of Congress to be kept classified in the 
interest of national defense or foreign pol-
icy. 
‘‘(B) 
EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph 
(A)(i)(V) does not include a system that is to 
be used for routine administrative and business 
applications (including payroll, finance, logis-
tics, and personnel management applications). 
‘‘(8) THREAT ASSESSMENT.—The term ‘threat 
assessment’ means the formal description and eval-
uation of threat to an information system. 
‘‘§ 3553. Authority and functions of the Director 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall oversee agen-
cy information security policies and practices, including— 
‘‘(1) developing and overseeing the implementa-
tion of policies, principles, standards, and guidelines 
on information security, including through ensuring 
timely agency adoption of and compliance with 
standards promulgated under section 11331 of title 
40; 
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‘‘(2) requiring agencies, consistent with the 
standards promulgated under such section 11331 
and the requirements of this subchapter, to identify 
and provide information security protections com-
mensurate with the risk and magnitude of the harm 
resulting from the unauthorized access, use, disclo-
sure, disruption, modification, or destruction of— 
‘‘(A) information collected or maintained 
by or on behalf of an agency; or 
‘‘(B) information systems used or operated 
by an agency or by a contractor of an agency 
or other organization on behalf of an agency; 
‘‘(3) coordinating the development of standards 
and guidelines under section 20 of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278g–3) with agencies and offices operating or exer-
cising control of national security systems (including 
the National Security Agency) to assure, to the max-
imum extent feasible, that such standards and 
guidelines are complementary with standards and 
guidelines developed for national security systems; 
‘‘(4) overseeing agency compliance with the re-
quirements of this subchapter, including through 
any authorized action under section 11303 of title 
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40, to enforce accountability for compliance with 
such requirements; 
‘‘(5) reviewing at least annually, and approving 
or disapproving, agency information security pro-
grams required under section 3554(b); 
‘‘(6) coordinating information security policies 
and procedures with related information resources 
management policies and procedures; 
‘‘(7) overseeing the operation of the Federal in-
formation security incident center required under 
section 3555; and 
‘‘(8) reporting to Congress no later than March 
1 of each year on agency compliance with the re-
quirements of this subchapter, including— 
‘‘(A) an assessment of the development, 
promulgation, and adoption of, and compliance 
with, standards developed under section 20 of 
the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3) and promul-
gated under section 11331 of title 40; 
‘‘(B) significant deficiencies in agency in-
formation security practices; 
‘‘(C) planned remedial action to address 
such deficiencies; and 
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‘‘(D) a summary of, and the views of the 
Director on, the report prepared by the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
under section 20(d)(10) of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278g–3). 
‘‘(b) NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEMS.—Except for the 
authorities described in paragraphs (4) and (8) of sub-
section (a), the authorities of the Director under this sec-
tion shall not apply to national security systems. 
‘‘(c) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND CENTRAL IN-
TELLIGENCE AGENCY SYSTEMS.—(1) The authorities of 
the Director described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub-
section (a) shall be delegated to the Secretary of Defense 
in the case of systems described in paragraph (2) and to 
the Director of Central Intelligence in the case of systems 
described in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(2) The systems described in this paragraph are sys-
tems that are operated by the Department of Defense, a 
contractor of the Department of Defense, or another enti-
ty on behalf of the Department of Defense that processes 
any information the unauthorized access, use, disclosure, 
disruption, modification, or destruction of which would 
have a debilitating impact on the mission of the Depart-
ment of Defense. 
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‘‘(3) The systems described in this paragraph are sys-
tems that are operated by the Central Intelligence Agency, 
a contractor of the Central Intelligence Agency, or another 
entity on behalf of the Central Intelligence Agency that 
processes any information the unauthorized access, use, 
disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of 
which would have a debilitating impact on the mission of 
the Central Intelligence Agency. 
‘‘§ 3554. Agency responsibilities 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The head of each agency shall— 
‘‘(1) be responsible for— 
‘‘(A) providing information security protec-
tions commensurate with the risk and mag-
nitude of the harm resulting from unauthorized 
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, 
or destruction of— 
‘‘(i) information collected or main-
tained by or on behalf of the agency; and 
‘‘(ii) information systems used or op-
erated by an agency or by a contractor of 
an agency or other organization on behalf 
of an agency; 
‘‘(B) complying with the requirements of 
this subchapter and related policies, procedures, 
standards, and guidelines, including— 
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‘‘(i) information security standards 
and guidelines promulgated under section 
11331 of title 40 and section 20 of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3); 
‘‘(ii) information security standards 
and guidelines for national security sys-
tems issued in accordance with law and as 
directed by the President; and 
‘‘(iii) ensuring the standards imple-
mented for information systems and na-
tional security systems of the agency are 
complementary and uniform, to the extent 
practicable; 
‘‘(C) ensuring that information security 
management processes are integrated with 
agency strategic and operational planning and 
budget processes, including policies, procedures, 
and practices described in subsection (c)(2); 
‘‘(D) as appropriate, maintaining secure 
facilities that have the capability of accessing, 
sending, receiving, and storing classified infor-
mation; 
‘‘(E) maintaining a sufficient number of 
personnel with security clearances, at the ap-
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propriate levels, to access, send, receive and 
analyze classified information to carry out the 
responsibilities of this subchapter; and 
‘‘(F) ensuring that information security 
performance indicators and measures are in-
cluded in the annual performance evaluations of 
all managers, senior managers, senior executive 
service personnel, and political appointees; 
‘‘(2) ensure that senior agency officials provide 
information security for the information and infor-
mation systems that support the operations and as-
sets under their control, including through— 
‘‘(A) assessing the risk and magnitude of 
the harm that could result from the unauthor-
ized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modi-
fication, or destruction of such information or 
information system; 
‘‘(B) determining the levels of information 
security appropriate to protect such information 
and information systems in accordance with 
policies, principles, standards, and guidelines 
promulgated under section 11331 of title 40 
and section 20 of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
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278g–3) for information security classifications 
and related requirements; 
‘‘(C) implementing policies and procedures 
to cost effectively reduce risks to an acceptable 
level; 
‘‘(D) with a frequency sufficient to support 
risk-based security decisions, testing and evalu-
ating information security controls and tech-
niques to ensure that such controls and tech-
niques are effectively implemented and oper-
ated; and 
‘‘(E) with a frequency sufficient to support 
risk-based security decisions, conducting threat 
assessments by monitoring information systems, 
identifying potential system vulnerabilities, and 
reporting security incidents in accordance with 
paragraph (3)(A)(v); 
‘‘(3) delegate to the Chief Information Officer 
or equivalent (or a senior agency official who reports 
to the Chief Information Officer or equivalent), who 
is designated as the ‘Chief Information Security Of-
ficer’, the authority and primary responsibility to de-
velop, implement, and oversee an agencywide infor-
mation security program to ensure and enforce com-
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pliance with the requirements imposed on the agency 
under this subchapter, including— 
‘‘(A) overseeing the establishment and 
maintenance of a security operations capability 
that through automated and continuous moni-
toring, when possible, can— 
‘‘(i) detect, report, respond to, con-
tain, and mitigate incidents that impair in-
formation security and agency information 
systems, in accordance with policy provided 
by the Director; 
‘‘(ii) commensurate with the risk to 
information security, monitor and mitigate 
the vulnerabilities of every information sys-
tem within the agency; 
‘‘(iii) continually evaluate risks posed 
to information collected or maintained by 
or on behalf of the agency and information 
systems and hold senior agency officials 
accountable for ensuring information secu-
rity; 
‘‘(iv) collaborate with the Director and 
appropriate public and private sector secu-
rity operations centers to detect, report, re-
spond to, contain, and mitigate incidents 
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that impact the security of information 
and information systems that extend be-
yond the control of the agency; and 
‘‘(v) report any incident described 
under clauses (i) and (ii) to the Federal in-
formation security incident center, to other 
appropriate security operations centers, 
and to the Inspector General of the agen-
cy, to the extent practicable, within 24 
hours after discovery of the incident, but 
no later than 48 hours after such dis-
covery; 
‘‘(B) developing, maintaining, and over-
seeing an agencywide information security pro-
gram as required by subsection (b); 
‘‘(C) developing, maintaining, and over-
seeing information security policies, procedures, 
and control techniques to address all applicable 
requirements, including those issued under sec-
tion 11331 of title 40; 
‘‘(D) training and overseeing personnel 
with significant responsibilities for information 
security with respect to such responsibilities; 
and 
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‘‘(E) assisting senior agency officials con-
cerning their responsibilities under paragraph 
(2); 
‘‘(4) ensure that the agency has a sufficient 
number of trained and cleared personnel to assist 
the agency in complying with the requirements of 
this subchapter, other applicable laws, and related 
policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines; 
‘‘(5) ensure that the Chief Information Security 
Officer, in consultation with other senior agency offi-
cials, reports periodically, but not less than annually, 
to the agency head on— 
‘‘(A) the effectiveness of the agency infor-
mation security program; 
‘‘(B) information derived from automated 
and continuous monitoring, when possible, and 
threat assessments; and 
‘‘(C) the progress of remedial actions; 
‘‘(6) ensure that the Chief Information Security 
Officer possesses the necessary qualifications, includ-
ing education, training, experience, and the security 
clearance required to administer the functions de-
scribed under this subchapter; and has information 
security duties as the primary duty of that official; 
and 
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‘‘(7) ensure that components of that agency es-
tablish and maintain an automated reporting mecha-
nism that allows the Chief Information Security Of-
ficer with responsibility for the entire agency, and all 
components thereof, to implement, monitor, and hold 
senior agency officers accountable for the implemen-
tation of appropriate security policies, procedures, 
and controls of agency components. 
‘‘(b) AGENCY PROGRAM.—Each agency shall develop, 
document, and implement an agencywide information se-
curity program, approved by the Director and consistent 
with components across and within agencies, to provide 
information security for the information and information 
systems that support the operations and assets of the 
agency, including those provided or managed by another 
agency, contractor, or other source, that includes— 
‘‘(1) automated and continuous monitoring, 
when possible, of the risk and magnitude of the 
harm that could result from the disruption or unau-
thorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or de-
struction of information and information systems 
that support the operations and assets of the agen-
cy; 
‘‘(2) consistent with guidance developed under 
section 11331 of title 40, vulnerability assessments 
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and penetration tests commensurate with the risk 
posed to agency information systems; 
‘‘(3) policies and procedures that— 
‘‘(A) cost effectively reduce information se-
curity risks to an acceptable level; 
‘‘(B) ensure compliance with— 
‘‘(i) the requirements of this sub-
chapter; 
‘‘(ii) policies and procedures as may 
be prescribed by the Director, and infor-
mation security standards promulgated 
pursuant to section 11331 of title 40; 
‘‘(iii) minimally acceptable system 
configuration requirements, as determined 
by the Director; and 
‘‘(iv) any other applicable require-
ments, including— 
‘‘(I) standards and guidelines for 
national security systems issued in ac-
cordance with law and as directed by 
the President; and 
‘‘(II) the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology standards 
and guidance; 
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‘‘(C) develop, maintain, and oversee infor-
mation security policies, procedures, and control 
techniques to address all applicable require-
ments, including those promulgated pursuant 
section 11331 of title 40; and 
‘‘(D) ensure the oversight and training of 
personnel with significant responsibilities for in-
formation security with respect to such respon-
sibilities; 
‘‘(4) with a frequency sufficient to support risk- 
based security decisions, automated and continuous 
monitoring, when possible, for testing and evaluation 
of the effectiveness and compliance of information 
security policies, procedures, and practices, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(A) controls of every information system 
identified in the inventory required under sec-
tion 3505(c); and 
‘‘(B) controls relied on for an evaluation 
under this section; 
‘‘(5) a process for planning, implementing, eval-
uating, and documenting remedial action to address 
any deficiencies in the information security policies, 
procedures, and practices of the agency; 
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‘‘(6) with a frequency sufficient to support risk- 
based security decisions, automated and continuous 
monitoring, when possible, for detecting, reporting, 
and responding to security incidents, consistent with 
standards and guidelines issued by the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology, including— 
‘‘(A) mitigating risks associated with such 
incidents before substantial damage is done; 
‘‘(B) notifying and consulting with the 
Federal information security incident center 
and other appropriate security operations re-
sponse centers; and 
‘‘(C) notifying and consulting with, as ap-
propriate— 
‘‘(i) law enforcement agencies and rel-
evant Offices of Inspectors General; and 
‘‘(ii) any other agency, office, or enti-
ty, in accordance with law or as directed 
by the President; and 
‘‘(7) plans and procedures to ensure continuity 
of operations for information systems that support 
the operations and assets of the agency. 
‘‘(c) AGENCY REPORTING.—Each agency shall— 
‘‘(1) submit an annual report on the adequacy 
and effectiveness of information security policies, 
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procedures, and practices, and compliance with the 
requirements of this subchapter, including compli-
ance with each requirement of subsection (b) to— 
‘‘(A) the Director; 
‘‘(B) the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 
‘‘(C) the Committee on Oversight and Gov-
ernment Reform of the House of Representa-
tives; 
‘‘(D) other appropriate authorization and 
appropriations committees of Congress; and 
‘‘(E) the Comptroller General; 
‘‘(2) address the adequacy and effectiveness of 
information security policies, procedures, and prac-
tices in plans and reports relating to— 
‘‘(A) annual agency budgets; 
‘‘(B) information resources management of 
this subchapter; 
‘‘(C) information technology management 
under this chapter; 
‘‘(D) program performance under sections 
1105 and 1115 through 1119 of title 31, and 
sections 2801 and 2805 of title 39; 
‘‘(E) financial management under chapter 
9 of title 31, and the Chief Financial Officers 
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Act of 1990 (31 U.S.C. 501 note; Public Law 
101–576); 
‘‘(F) financial management systems under 
the Federal Financial Management Improve-
ment Act of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 3512 note); and 
‘‘(G) internal accounting and administra-
tive controls under section 3512 of title 31; and 
‘‘(3) report any significant deficiency in a pol-
icy, procedure, or practice identified under para-
graph (1) or (2)— 
‘‘(A) as a material weakness in reporting 
under section 3512 of title 31; and 
‘‘(B) if relating to financial management 
systems, as an instance of a lack of substantial 
compliance under the Federal Financial Man-
agement Improvement Act of 1996 (31 U.S.C. 
3512 note). 
‘‘§ 3555. Federal information security incident center 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall ensure the 
operation of a central Federal information security inci-
dent center to— 
‘‘(1) provide timely technical assistance to oper-
ators of agency information systems regarding secu-
rity incidents, including guidance on detecting and 
handling information security incidents; 
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