‘‘(B) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to 
enter into a cooperative agreement to operate a 
pilot project under this subsection, a State shall 
amend its State plan under section 11(d) to in-
clude a description of its pilot project and ex-
planations of how such project meets the cri-
teria required under this subsection. The Sec-
retary may not disapprove a pilot project which 
meets the requirements under this subsection. 
‘‘(C) ASSURANCES.—A State shall include 
in its plan assurances that its pilot project 
will— 
‘‘(i) operate for at least three 12- 
month periods but not more than five 12- 
month periods; 
‘‘(ii) have a robust data collection sys-
tem for program administration that is de-
signed and shared with project evaluators 
to ensure proper and timely evaluation; 
and 
‘‘(iii) intend to offer a work activity 
described in paragraph (3) to adults as-
signed and required to participate under 
paragraph (4)(A) and who are not exempt 
under paragraph (4)(B). 
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‘‘(D) NUMBER OF PILOT PROJECTS.—Any 
State may carry out a pilot project that meets 
the requirements of this subsection. 
‘‘(E) EXTENT OF PILOT PROJECTS.—Pilot 
projects shall cover no less than the entire 
State. 
‘‘(3) WORK
ACTIVITY.—(A) For purposes of 
this subsection, the term ‘work activity’ means any 
of the following: 
‘‘(i) Employment in the public or private 
sector that is not subsidized by any public pro-
gram. 
‘‘(ii) Employment in the private sector for 
which the employer receives a subsidy from 
public funds to offset some or all of the wages 
and costs of employing an adult. 
‘‘(iii) Employment in the public sector for 
which the employer receives a subsidy from 
public funds to offset some or all of the wages 
and costs of employing an adult. 
‘‘(iv) A work activity that— 
‘‘(I) is performed in return for public 
benefits; 
‘‘(II) provides an adult with an oppor-
tunity to acquire the general skills, knowl-
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edge, and work habits necessary to obtain 
employment; 
‘‘(III) is designed to improve the em-
ployability of those who cannot find unsub-
sidized employment; and 
‘‘(IV) is supervised by an employer, 
work site sponsor, or other responsible 
party on an ongoing basis. 
‘‘(v) Training in the public or private sec-
tor that is given to a paid employee while he or 
she is engaged in productive work and that pro-
vides knowledge and skills essential to the full 
and adequate performance of the job. 
‘‘(vi) Job search, obtaining employment, or 
preparation to seek or obtain employment, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(I) life skills training; 
‘‘(II) substance abuse treatment or 
mental health treatment, determined to be 
necessary and documented by a qualified 
medical, substance abuse, or mental health 
professional; or 
‘‘(III) rehabilitation activities, 
supervised by a public agency or other respon-
sible party on an ongoing basis. 
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‘‘(vii) Structured programs and embedded 
activities— 
‘‘(I) in which adults perform work for 
the direct benefit of the community under 
the auspices of public or nonprofit organi-
zations; 
‘‘(II) that are limited to projects that 
serve useful community purposes in fields 
such as health, social service, environ-
mental protection, education, urban and 
rural redevelopment, welfare, recreation, 
public facilities, public safety, and child 
care; 
‘‘(III) that are designed to improve 
the employability of adults not otherwise 
able to obtain unsubsidized employment; 
and 
‘‘(IV) that are supervised on an ongo-
ing basis; and 
‘‘(V) with respect to which a State 
agency takes into account, to the extent 
possible, the prior training, experience, and 
skills of a recipient in making appropriate 
community service assignments. 
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‘‘(viii) Career and technical training pro-
grams (not to exceed 12 months with respect to 
any adult) that are directly related to the prep-
aration of adults for employment in current or 
emerging occupations and that are supervised 
on an ongoing basis. 
‘‘(ix) Training or education for job skills 
that are required by an employer to provide an 
adult with the ability to obtain employment or 
to advance or adapt to the changing demands 
of the workplace and that are supervised on an 
ongoing basis. 
‘‘(x) Education that is related to a specific 
occupation, job, or job offer and that is super-
vised on an ongoing basis. 
‘‘(xi) In the case of an adult who has not 
completed secondary school or received such a 
certificate of general equivalence, regular at-
tendance— 
‘‘(I) in accordance with the require-
ments of the secondary school or course of 
study, at a secondary school or in a course 
of study leading to such certificate; and 
‘‘(II) supervised on an ongoing basis. 
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‘‘(xii) Providing child care to enable an-
other recipient of public benefits to participate 
in a community service program that— 
‘‘(I) does not provide compensation 
for such community service; 
‘‘(II) is a structured program de-
signed to improve the employability of 
adults who participate in such program; 
and 
‘‘(III) is supervised on an ongoing 
basis. 
‘‘(B) PROTECTIONS.—Work activities under 
this subsection shall be subject to all applicable 
health and safety standards. Except as described in 
clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A), the 
term ‘work activity’ shall be considered work prepa-
ration and not defined as employment for purposes 
of other law. 
‘‘(4) PILOT PROJECTS.—Pilot projects carried 
out under this subsection shall include interventions 
to which adults are assigned that are designed to re-
duce unnecessary dependence, promote self-suffi-
ciency, increase work levels, increase earned income, 
and reduce supplemental nutrition assistance benefit 
expenditures among households eligible for, applying 
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