(c) ELIMINATION
OF ESTABLISHMENT REQUIRE-
MENT.—Section 6(d)(1) (29 U.S.C. 206(d)(1)) is amend-
ed—
(1) by striking ‘‘, within any establishment in 
which such employees are employed,’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘such establishment’’ each place 
it appears. 
(d) NONRETALIATION PROVISION.—Section 15(a)(3) 
(29 U.S.C. 215(a)(3)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘employee’’ the first place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘employee (or applicant for em-
ployment in the case of an applicant described in 
section 6(d)(5))’’; 
(2) by inserting ‘‘(or applicant)’’ after ‘‘em-
ployee’’ the second place it appears; 
(3) by striking ‘‘or has’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘has’’; and 
(4) by inserting before the semicolon the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, has inquired about, discussed, or other-
wise disclosed the wages of the employee or another 
employee, or because the employee (or applicant) has 
made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in 
any manner in an investigation, proceeding, hearing, 
or action under section 6(d)’’.
(e) ENHANCED
PENALTIES.—Section 16(b) (29 
U.S.C. 216(b)) is amended—
(1) by inserting after the first sentence the fol-
lowing: ‘‘Any employer who violates section 6(d) 
shall additionally be liable for such compensatory or 
punitive damages as may be appropriate, except that 
the United States shall not be liable for punitive 
damages.’’; 
(2) in the sentence beginning ‘‘An action to’’, 
by striking ‘‘either of the preceding sentences’’ and 
inserting ‘‘any of the preceding sentences of this 
subsection’’; 
(3) in the sentence beginning ‘‘No employees 
shall’’, by striking ‘‘No employees’’ and inserting 
‘‘Except with respect to class actions brought to en-
force section 6(d), no employee’’; 
(4) by inserting after the sentence referred to 
in paragraph (3) the following: ‘‘Notwithstanding 
any other provision of Federal law, any action 
brought to enforce section 6(d) may be maintained 
as a class action as provided by the Federal Rules 
of Civil Procedure.’’; and 
(5) in the sentence beginning ‘‘The court in’’—
(A) by striking ‘‘in such action’’ and in-
serting ‘‘in any action brought to recover the li-
ability prescribed in any of the preceding sen-
tences of this subsection’’; and 
(B) by inserting before the period the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, including expert fees’’.
(f) ACTION
BY
SECRETARY.—Section 16(c) (29 
U.S.C. 216(c)) is amended—
(1) in the first sentence—
(A) by inserting ‘‘or, in the case of a viola-
tion of section 6(d), additional compensatory or 
punitive damages,’’ before ‘‘and the agree-
ment’’; and 
(B) by inserting before the period the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, or such compensatory or punitive 
damages, as appropriate’’; 
(2) in the second sentence, by inserting before 
the period the following: ‘‘and, in the case of a viola-
tion of section 6(d), additional compensatory or pu-
nitive damages’’; 
(3) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘the first 
sentence’’ and inserting ‘‘the first or second sen-
tence’’; and 
(4) in the last sentence—
(A) by striking ‘‘commenced in the case’’ 
and inserting ‘‘commenced—
‘‘(1) in the case’’;
(B) by striking the period and inserting ‘‘: 
or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) in the case of a class action brought to en-
force section 6(d), on the date on which the indi-
vidual becomes a party plaintiff to the class action.’’. 
SEC. 4. TRAINING. 
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 
and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, 
subject to the availability of funds appropriated under sec-
tion 9(b), shall provide training to Commission employees 
and affected individuals and entities on matters involving 
discrimination in the payment of wages. 
SEC. 5. RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND OUTREACH. 
The Secretary of Labor shall conduct studies and 
provide information to employers, labor organizations, and 
the general public concerning the means available to elimi-
nate pay disparities between men and women, including—
(1) conducting and promoting research to de-
velop the means to correct expeditiously the condi-
tions leading to the pay disparities; 
(2) publishing and otherwise making available 
to employers, labor organizations, professional asso-
ciations, educational institutions, the media, and the 
general public the findings resulting from studies
and other materials relating to eliminating the pay 
disparities; 
(3) sponsoring and assisting State and commu-
nity informational and educational programs; 
(4) providing information to employers, labor 
organizations, professional associations, and other 
interested persons on the means of eliminating the 
pay disparities; 
(5) recognizing and promoting the achievements 
of employers, labor organizations, and professional 
associations that have worked to eliminate the pay 
disparities; and 
(6) convening a national summit to discuss and 
consider approaches for rectifying the pay dispari-
ties. 
SEC. 6. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND EMPLOYER RECOGNI-
TION PROGRAM. 
(a) GUIDELINES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Labor shall 
develop guidelines to enable employers to evaluate 
job categories based on objective criteria such as 
educational requirements, skill requirements, inde-
pendence, working conditions, and responsibility, in-
cluding decisionmaking responsibility and de facto 
supervisory responsibility.