134 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined not more than $250,000, imprisoned for 
not more than 5 years, or both. 
‘‘(c) FOREIGN NATIONAL DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘foreign national’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 319(b) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(b)).’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘612. Foreign nationals making certain political contributions.’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply with respect to contributions and 
donations made on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act. 
SEC. 162. PROHIBITING PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO FOR-
EIGN NATIONALS IN MAKING CONTRIBU-
TIONS OR DONATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH 
ELECTIONS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Section 319(a) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
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(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(3) a person to knowingly help or assist a for-
eign national in violating this subsection.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply with respect to contributions and 
donations made on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act. 
SEC. 163. PROHIBITION ON CONTRIBUTIONS BY FOREIGN 
NATIONALS TO CERTAIN TAX-EXEMPT ENTI-
TIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319(a)(1) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)), 
as amended by section 162(a), is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by adding ‘‘or’’ at the 
end; 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(D) a contribution or donation of money 
or other thing of value to an organization that 
is described in section 501(c) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax 
under section 501(a) of such Code if the orga-
nization makes or expects to make a contribu-
tion to a political committee during the 4-year 
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period which begins on the date that the foreign 
national made such contribution or donation to 
the organization; or’’. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING PRIVACY 
OF DONOR INFORMATION.—Section 319 of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 30121) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in para-
graph (1)(D) of subsection (a) may be construed to permit 
the collection, submission, or disclosure of any information 
in violation of the Speech Privacy Act of 2023.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to contributions made 
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Subtitle G—Constitutional Experts 
Panel With Respect to Presi-
dential Elections 
SEC. 171. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Solving an Over-
looked Loophole in Votes for Executives (SOLVE) Act’’. 
SEC. 172. ESTABLISHMENT OF PANEL OF CONSTITUTIONAL 
EXPERTS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the 
‘‘Twentieth Amendment Section Four Panel’’ (in this sec-
tion referred to as the ‘‘Panel’’). 
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(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Panel shall be composed 
of 6 constitutional experts, of whom— 
(A) 1 shall be appointed by the majority 
leader of the Senate; 
(B) 1 shall be appointed by the minority 
leader of the Senate; 
(C) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the ma-
jority and minority leader of the Senate; 
(D) 1 shall be appointed by the Speaker of 
the House of Representatives; 
(E) 1 shall be appointed by minority leader 
of the House of Representatives; and 
(F) 1 shall be appointed jointly by the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and 
the minority leader of the House of Representa-
tives. 
(2) DATE.—The appointments of the members 
of the Panel shall be made not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(3) VACANCY.—Any vacancy occurring in the 
membership of the Panel shall be filled in the same 
manner in which the original appointment was 
made. 
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(4) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.— 
The Panel shall select a Chairperson and Vice 
Chairperson from among the members of the Panel. 
(c) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Panel shall be to 
recommend to Congress model legislation, which shall pro-
vide for an appropriate process, pursuant to section 4 of 
the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitu-
tion, to resolve any vacancy created by the death of a can-
didate in a contingent presidential or vice-presidential 
election. 
(d) REPORTS.— 
(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date on which all of the appointments have 
been made under subsection (b)(2), the Panel shall 
submit to Congress an interim report containing the 
Panel’s findings, conclusions, and recommendations. 
(2) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 6 months 
after the submission of the interim report under 
paragraph (1), the Panel shall submit to Congress a 
final report containing the Panel’s findings, conclu-
sions, and recommendations. 
(e) MEETINGS; INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Meetings of the Panel shall 
be held at the Law Library of Congress. 
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(2) INFORMATION.—The Panel may secure 
from the Law Library of Congress such information 
as the Panel considers necessary to carry out the 
provisions of this section. 
(f) FUNDS.— 
(1) COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS.—Members of 
the Panel shall receive no compensation. 
(2) OTHER
FUNDING.—No amounts shall be 
appropriated for the purposes of this section, except 
for any amounts strictly necessary for the Law Li-
brary of Congress to execute its responsibilities 
under subsection (e). 
(g) TERMINATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The panel established under 
subsection (a) shall terminate 90 days after the date 
on which the panel submits the final report required 
under subsection (d)(2). 
(2) RECORDS.—Upon termination of the panel, 
all of its records shall become the records of the Sec-
retary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives. 
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TITLE II—MILITARY VOTING 
ADMINISTRATION 
SEC. 200. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘American Confidence 
in Elections: Military Voting Rights Study Act of 2023’’. 
Subtitle A—Findings Relating to 
Military Voting 
SEC. 201. FINDINGS RELATING TO MILITARY VOTING. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Participation in the voting process by Amer-
icans who serve in the Armed Forces is vital to the 
future of the Republic; however, due to the realities 
of service around the globe and despite many best 
efforts, the Nation has not always lived up to its 
commitment to servicemembers that their vote be 
counted. 
(2) The Military and Overseas Empowerment 
(MOVE) Act made great progress in solving prob-
lems with voting that many servicemembers faced. 
Yet, for many, it is still difficult to exercise the fran-
chise, with many ballots not reaching State elections 
officials until after the deadline, negating their voice. 
After 14 years, Congress must address the remain-
ing issues. 
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(3) Congress finds that it is a moral imperative 
of national importance that every eligible American 
servicemember has the opportunity to cast a ballot 
in each election and, not only that such ballot be re-
ceived in time to be counted, but that it actually be 
counted according to law. 
Subtitle B—GAO Analysis on 
Military Voting Access 
SEC. 211. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT 
ON IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIFORMED AND 
OVERSEAS CITIZENS ABSENTEE VOTING ACT 
AND IMPROVING ACCESS TO VOTER REG-
ISTRATION INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE 
FOR ABSENT UNIFORMED SERVICES VOTERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of the 
United States shall conduct— 
(1) an analysis of the effectiveness of the Fed-
eral Government in carrying out its responsibilities 
under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absen-
tee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.) to promote 
access to voting for absent uniformed services voters; 
and 
(2) a study on means for improving access to 
voter registration information and assistance for 
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members of the Armed Forces and their family 
members. 
(b) ELEMENTS.— 
(1) ANALYSIS.—The analysis required by sub-
section (a)(1) shall include analysis of the following: 
(A) Data and information pertaining to the 
transmission of ballots to absent unformed serv-
ices voters. 
(B) Data and information pertaining to 
the methods of transmission of voted ballots 
from absent uniformed services voters, includ-
ing the efficacy and security of such methods. 
(C) Data and information pertaining to the 
treatment by election officials of voted ballots 
transmitted by absent uniformed services vot-
ers, including— 
(i) the rate at which such ballots are 
counted in elections; 
(ii) the rate at which such ballots are 
rejected in elections; and 
(iii) the reasons for such rejections. 
(D) An analysis of the effectiveness of the 
assistance provided to absent uniformed serv-
ices voters by Voting Assistance Officers of the 
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Federal Voting Assistance Program of the De-
partment of Defense. 
(E) A review of the extent of coordination 
between Voting Assistance Officers and State 
and local election officials. 
(F) Information regarding such other 
issues relating to the ability of absent uni-
formed services voters to register to vote, vote, 
and have their ballots counted in elections for 
Federal office. 
(G) Data and information pertaining to— 
(i) the awareness of members of the 
Armed Forces and their family members of 
the requirement under section 1566a of 
title 10, United States Code, that the Sec-
retaries of the military departments pro-
vide voter registration information and as-
sistance; and 
(ii) whether members of the Armed 
Forces and their family members received 
such information and assistance at the 
times required by subsection (c) of that 
section. 
(2) STUDY.—The study required by subsection 
(a)(2) shall include the following: 
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(A) An assessment of potential actions to 
be undertaken by the Secretary of each military 
department to increase access to voter registra-
tion information and assistance for members of 
the Armed Forces and their family members. 
(B) An estimate of the costs and require-
ments to fully meet the needs of members of 
the Armed Forces for access to voter registra-
tion information and assistance. 
(c) METHODS.—In conducting the analysis and study 
required by subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall, 
in cooperation and consultation with the Secretaries of the 
military departments— 
(1) use existing information from available gov-
ernment and other public sources; and 
(2) acquire, through the Comptroller General’s 
own investigations, interviews, and analysis, such 
other information as the Comptroller General re-
quires to conduct the analysis and study. 
(d) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than September 
30, 2025, the Comptroller General shall submit to the 
Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate and 
the Committee on House Administration of the House of 
Representatives a report on the analysis and study re-
quired by subsection (a). 
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