Human Services shall describe research pro-
grams of the Department of Health and Human 
Services that may relate to work conducted at 
NBAF. 
‘‘(2) COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIPS.—The Direc-
tor shall form cooperative relationships with the Na-
tional Animal Health Laboratory Network and Amer-
ican Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosti-
cians to connect with the network of Federal and 
State resources intended to enable an integrated, 
rapid, and sufficient response to animal health emer-
gencies.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in 
section 1(b) of such Act is further amended by adding at 
the end of the items relating to such title the following: 
‘‘Sec. 318. National Bio and Agro-defense Facility.’’. 
TITLE 
VII—HOMELAND 
SECU-
RITY 
CYBERSECURITY 
IM-
PROVEMENTS 
SEC. 701. CYBERSECURITY AND COMMUNICATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle C of title II of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 141 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 226. OFFICE OF CYBERSECURITY AND COMMUNICA-
TIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be within the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security an Office of Cybersecurity and 
Communications, which shall be headed by the Assistant 
Secretary for Cybersecurity and Communications. 
‘‘(b) DUTY OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY.—The As-
sistant Secretary shall assist the Secretary in carrying out 
the 
responsibilities 
of 
the 
Department 
regarding 
cybersecurity and communications. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Assistant Secretary 
shall be responsible for overseeing preparation, situational 
awareness, response, reconstitution, and mitigation nec-
essary for cybersecurity and to protect communications 
from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emer-
gencies, including large-scale disruptions, and shall conduct 
the following activities to execute those responsibilities: 
‘‘(1) PREPARATION
AND
SITUATIONAL
AWARE-
NESS.— 
‘‘(A) Establish and maintain a capability 
within the Department to monitor critical infor-
mation infrastructure to aid in detection of 
vulnerabilities and warning of potential acts of 
terrorism and other attacks. 
‘‘(B) Conduct risk assessments on critical 
information infrastructure with respect to acts of 
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terrorism and other large-scale disruptions, iden-
tify and prioritize vulnerabilities in critical in-
formation infrastructure, and coordinate the 
mitigation of such vulnerabilities. 
‘‘(C) Develop a plan for the continuation of 
critical information operations in the event of a 
cyber attack or other large-scale disruption of the 
information infrastructure of the United States. 
‘‘(D) Oversee an emergency communications 
system in the event of an act of terrorism or 
other large-scale disruption of the information 
infrastructure of the United States. 
‘‘(2) RESPONSE AND RECONSTITUTION.— 
‘‘(A) Define what qualifies as a cyber inci-
dent of national significance for purposes of the 
National Response Plan. 
‘‘(B) Ensure that the Department’s prior-
ities, procedures, and resources are in place to 
reconstitute critical information infrastructures 
in the event of an act of terrorism or other large- 
scale disruption. 
‘‘(3) MITIGATION.— 
‘‘(A) Develop a national cybersecurity 
awareness, training, and education program that 
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100 
promotes cybersecurity awareness within the 
Federal Government and throughout the Nation. 
‘‘(B) Consult and coordinate with the 
Under Secretary for Science and Technology on 
cybersecurity 
research 
and 
development 
to 
strengthen critical information infrastructure 
against acts of terrorism and other large-scale 
disruptions. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITION.—In this section the term ‘critical 
information infrastructure’ means systems and assets, 
whether physical or virtual, used in processing, transfer-
ring, and storing information so vital to the United States 
that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets 
would have a debilitating impact on security, national eco-
nomic security, national public health or safety, or any 
combination of those matters.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in 
section 1(b) of such Act is amended by inserting at the end 
of the items relating to subtitle C of title II the following: 
‘‘Sec. 226. Office of Cybersecurity and Communications.’’. 
SEC. 702. CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary for Science 
and Technology shall support research, development, test-
ing, evaluation, and transition of cybersecurity technology, 
including fundamental, long-term research to improve the 
ability of the United States to prevent, protect against, de-
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101 
tect, respond to, and recover from acts of terrorism and 
cyber attacks, with emphasis on research and development 
relevant to large-scale, high-impact attacks. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—The research and development sup-
ported under subsection (a) shall include work to— 
(1) advance the development and accelerate the 
deployment of more secure versions of fundamental 
Internet protocols and architectures, including for the 
domain name system and routing protocols; 
(2) improve and create technologies for detecting 
attacks or intrusions, including monitoring tech-
nologies; 
(3) improve and create mitigation and recovery 
methodologies, including techniques for containment 
of attacks and development of resilient networks and 
systems that degrade gracefully; 
(4) develop and support infrastructure and tools 
to support cybersecurity research and development ef-
forts, including modeling, testbeds, and data sets for 
assessment of new cybersecurity technologies; 
(5) assist the development and support of tech-
nologies to reduce vulnerabilities in process control 
systems (PCS); and 
(6) test, evaluate, and facilitate the transfer of 
technologies associated with the engineering of less 
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102 
vulnerable software and securing the IT software de-
velopment lifecycle. 
(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Under Secretary for Science and Technology shall coordi-
nate activities with— 
(1) the Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity and 
Communications; and 
(2) other Federal agencies, including the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Re-
search Projects Agency, the Information Assurance 
Directorate of the National Security Agency, the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, and 
other appropriate working groups established by the 
President to identify unmet needs and cooperatively 
support activities, as appropriate. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Department of Homeland Security 
for fiscal year 2008, $50,000,000, for the cybersecurity re-
search and development activities of the Directorate for 
Science and Technology to prevent, detect, and respond to 
acts of terrorism and other large-scale disruptions to infor-
mation infrastructure. 
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103 
TITLE VIII—SCIENCE AND 
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS 
SEC. 801. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON STRATEGIC PLAN. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Under Secretary for Science and Technology 
shall transmit to Congress the strategic plan described in 
section 302(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 182(2)). In addition to the requirements described 
in that section 302(2), the strategic plan transmitted under 
this section shall include— 
(1) a strategy to enhance the Directorate for 
Science and Technology workforce, including edu-
cation and training programs, improving morale, 
minimizing turnover, strengthening workforce recruit-
ment, and securing institutional knowledge; 
(2) the Department policy describing the proce-
dures by which the Directorate for Science and Tech-
nology hires and administers assignments to individ-
uals assigned to the Department as detailees under an 
arrangement described in subchapter VI of chapter 33 
of title 5, United States Code; 
(3) the Department policy governing the respon-
sibilities of the Under Secretary for Science and Tech-
nology, the Under Secretary for Policy, and the 
Under Secretary for Management, and the oper-
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104 
ational components of the Department regarding re-
search, development, testing, evaluation, and procure-
ment of homeland security technologies; 
(4) a description of the methodology by which re-
search, development, testing, and evaluation is 
prioritized and funded by the Directorate for Science 
and Technology; 
(5) a description of the performance measure-
ments to be used or a plan to develop performance 
measurements that can be used to annually evaluate 
the Directorate for Science and Technology’s activi-
ties, mission performance, and stewardship of re-
sources; 
(6) a plan for domestic and international coordi-
nation of all related programs and activities within 
the Department and throughout Federal agencies, 
State, local, and tribal governments, the emergency 
responder community, industry, and academia; 
(7) a plan for leveraging the expertise of the Na-
tional Laboratories and the process for allocating 
funding to the National Laboratories; and 
(8) a strategy for the Homeland Security Ad-
vanced Research Projects Agency that includes— 
(A) a mission statement; 
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105 
(B) a description of the Department’s high 
risk and high payoff research, development, test, 
and evaluation strategy; and 
(C) internal policies designed to encourage 
innovative solutions. 
SEC. 802. CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary of Homeland Security for 
carrying out the Centers of Excellence Program $31,000,000 
for fiscal year 2008 such that each center that received fund-
ing in fiscal year 2007 shall receive, at a minimum, the 
same amount it received in fiscal year 2007. 
(b) MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM.—Of 
the amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary of Homeland Security 
for carrying out the Minority Serving Institutions Program 
$8,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
(c) CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE PROGRAM PARTICIPA-
TION.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—If, by the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security 
has not selected a Minority Serving Institution to 
participate as a Center of Excellence under the De-
partment of Homeland Security Centers of Excellence 
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106 
Program, at least one of the next four Centers of Ex-
cellence selected after the date of enactment of this Act 
shall be an otherwise eligible applicant that is a Mi-
nority Serving Institution. 
(2) MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTION DEFINED.— 
In this subsection the term ‘‘Minority Serving Insti-
tution’’ means— 
(A) an historically black college or univer-
sity that receives assistance under part B of title 
III of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 106 et seq); 
(B) an Hispanic-serving institution (as 
that term is defined in section 502 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a); or 
(C) a tribally controlled college or univer-
sity (as that term is defined in section 2 of the 
Tribally Controlled College or University Assist-
ance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801)). 
SEC. 803. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY OF UNI-
VERSITY PROGRAMS. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than 3 months after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary for Science 
and Technology of the Department of Homeland Security 
shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Re-
search Council of the National Academy of Sciences to con-
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107 
duct a study to assess the University Programs of the De-
partment, with an emphasis on the Centers of Excellence 
Program and the future plans for these programs, and make 
recommendations for appropriate improvements. 
(b) SUBJECTS.—The study shall include— 
(1) a review of key areas of study needed to sup-
port the homeland security mission, and criteria that 
should be utilized to determine those key areas for 
which the Department should maintain or establish 
Centers of Excellence; 
(2) a review of selection criteria and weighting 
of such criteria for Centers of Excellence; 
(3) an examination of the optimal role of Centers 
of Excellence in supporting the mission of the Direc-
torate of Science and Technology and the most advan-
tageous relationship between the Centers of Excellence 
and the Directorate and the Department components 
the Directorate serves; 
(4) an examination of the length of time the Cen-
ters of Excellence should be awarded funding and the 
frequency of the review cycle in order to maintain 
such funding, particularly given their focus on basic, 
long term research; 
(5) identification of the most appropriate review 
criteria 
and 
metrics 
to 
measure 
demonstrable 
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108 
progress, and mechanisms for delivering and dissemi-
nating the research results of established Centers of 
Excellence within the Department, and to other Fed-
eral, State, and local agencies; 
(6) an examination of the means by which aca-
demic institutions that are not designated or associ-
ated with Centers of Excellence can optimally con-
tribute to the research mission of the Directorate; 
(7) an assessment of the interrelationship be-
tween the different University Programs; and 
(8) a review of any other essential elements of 
the University Programs to be determined in the con-
duct of the study. 
(c) REPORT.—The Under Secretary for Science and 
Technology shall transmit a report containing the results 
of the study and recommendations required by subsection 
(a) and the Under Secretary’s response to the recommenda-
tions, to the appropriate Congressional committees not later 
than 24 months after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized in section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out this section $500,000. 
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109 
SEC. 
804. 
STREAMLINING 
OF 
SAFETY 
ACT 
AND 
ANTITERRORISM 
TECHNOLOGY 
PROCURE-
MENT PROCESSES. 
(a) PERSONNEL.—The Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity shall ensure that, in addition to any personnel engaged 
in technical evaluations that may be appropriate, a suffi-
cient number of full-time equivalent personnel, who are 
properly trained and qualified to apply legal, economic, 
and risk analyses, are involved in the review and 
prioritization of antiterrorism technologies for the purpose 
of determining whether such technologies may be designated 
by the Secretary as qualified antiterrorism technologies 
under section 862(b) of the SAFETY Act (6 U.S.C. 441(b)) 
or certified by the Secretary under section 863(d) of such 
Act (6 U.S.C. 442(d)). 
(b) COORDINATION WITHIN DEPARTMENT OF HOME-
LAND SECURITY.—The Secretary of Homeland Security 
shall— 
(1) establish a formal coordination process that 
includes the official of the Department of Homeland 
Security with primary responsibility for the imple-
mentation of the SAFETY Act, the Chief Procurement 
Officer of the Department, the Under Secretary for 
Science and Technology, the Under Secretary for Pol-
icy, and the Department of Homeland Security Gen-
eral Counsel to ensure the maximum application of 
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110 
the litigation and risk management provisions of the 
SAFETY Act to antiterrorism technologies procured 
by the Department; and 
(2) promote awareness and utilization of the liti-
gation and risk management provisions of the SAFE-
TY Act in the procurement of antiterrorism tech-
nologies. 
(c) ISSUANCE OF DEPARTMENTAL DIRECTIVE.—The 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall, in accordance with 
the final rule implementing the SAFETY Act, issue a De-
partmental management directive providing for coordina-
tion between Department procurement officials and any 
other Department official responsible for implementing the 
SAFETY Act in advance of any Department procurement 
of an antiterrorism technology, as required under subsection 
(b). 
SEC. 805. PROMOTING ANTITERRORISM THROUGH INTER-
NATIONAL COOPERATION ACT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Homeland Security 
Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 319. PROMOTING ANTITERRORISM THROUGH INTER-
NATIONAL COOPERATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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111 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the 
Director selected under subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(2) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ACTIVITY.— 
The term ‘international cooperative activity’ in-
cludes— 
‘‘(A) coordinated research projects, joint re-
search projects, or joint ventures; 
‘‘(B) joint studies or technical demonstra-
tions; 
‘‘(C) coordinated field exercises, scientific 
seminars, conferences, symposia, and workshops; 
‘‘(D) training of scientists and engineers; 
‘‘(E) visits and exchanges of scientists, engi-
neers, or other appropriate personnel; 
‘‘(F) exchanges or sharing of scientific and 
technological information; and 
‘‘(G) joint use of laboratory facilities and 
equipment. 
‘‘(b) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOMELAND SECU-
RITY INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OFFICE.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Under Secretary 
shall establish the Science and Technology Homeland 
Security International Cooperative Programs Office. 
‘‘(2) DIRECTOR.—The Office shall be headed by 
a Director, who— 
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112 
‘‘(A) shall be selected by and shall report to 
the Under Secretary; and 
‘‘(B) may be an officer of the Department 
serving in another position. 
‘‘(3) RESPONSIBILITIES.— 
‘‘(A) DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISMS.—The 
Director shall be responsible for developing, in 
consultation with the Department of State, un-
derstandings or agreements that allow and sup-
port international cooperative activity in sup-
port of homeland security research, development, 
and comparative testing. 
‘‘(B) PRIORITIES.—The Director shall be re-
sponsible for developing, in coordination with the 
Directorate of Science and Technology, the other 
components of the Department of Homeland Se-
curity, and other Federal agencies, strategic pri-
orities for international cooperative activity in 
support of homeland security research, develop-
ment, and comparative testing. 
‘‘(C) ACTIVITIES.—The Director shall facili-
tate the planning, development, and implementa-
tion of international cooperative activity to ad-
dress the strategic priorities developed under sub-
paragraph (B) through mechanisms the Under 
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113 
Secretary 
considers 
appropriate, 
including 
grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts to or 
with foreign public or private entities, govern-
mental organizations, businesses, federally fund-
ed research and development centers, and univer-
sities. 
‘‘(D) IDENTIFICATION OF PARTNERS.—The 
Director shall facilitate the matching of United 
States entities engaged in homeland security re-
search with non-United States entities engaged 
in homeland security research so that they may 
partner in homeland security research activities. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—The Director shall ensure 
that the activities under this subsection are coordi-
nated with those of other relevant research agencies, 
and may run projects jointly with other agencies. 
‘‘(5) CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS.—The Di-
rector may hold international homeland security tech-
nology workshops and conferences to improve contact 
among the international community of technology de-
velopers and to help establish direction for future 
technology goals. 
‘‘(c) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION.—The Under Secretary is 
authorized to carry out international cooperative ac-
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114 
tivities to support the responsibilities specified under 
section 302. 
‘‘(2) MECHANISMS AND EQUITABILITY.—In car-
rying out this section, the Under Secretary may 
award grants to and enter into cooperative agree-
ments or contracts with United States governmental 
organizations, businesses (including small businesses 
and small and disadvantaged businesses), federally 
funded research and development centers, institutions 
of higher education, and foreign public or private en-
tities. The Under Secretary shall ensure that funding 
and resources expended in international cooperative 
activities will be equitably matched by the foreign 
partner organization through direct funding or fund-
ing of complementary activities, or through provision 
of staff, facilities, materials, or equipment. 
‘‘(3) LOANS OF EQUIPMENT.—The Under Sec-
retary may make or accept loans of equipment for re-
search and development and comparative testing pur-
poses. 
‘‘(4) COOPERATION.—The Under Secretary is 
authorized to conduct international cooperative ac-
tivities jointly with other agencies. 
‘‘(5) FOREIGN
PARTNERS.—Partners may in-
clude Israel, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, 
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115 
Singapore, and other allies in the global war on ter-
rorism, as appropriate. 
‘‘(6) EXOTIC DISEASES.—As part of the inter-
national cooperative activities authorized in this sec-
tion, the Under Secretary, in coordination with the 
Chief Medical Officer, may facilitate the development 
of information sharing and other types of cooperative 
mechanisms with foreign countries, including nations 
in Africa, to strengthen American preparedness 
against threats to the Nation’s agricultural and pub-
lic health sectors from exotic diseases. 
‘‘(d) BUDGET ALLOCATION.—There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary, to be derived from amounts 
otherwise authorized for the Directorate of Science and 
Technology, $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011 for activities under this section. 
‘‘(e) FOREIGN
REIMBURSEMENTS.—Whenever the 
Science and Technology Homeland Security International 
Cooperative Programs Office participates in an inter-
national cooperative activity with a foreign country on a 
cost-sharing basis, any reimbursements or contributions re-
ceived from that foreign country to meet its share of the 
project may be credited to appropriate current appropria-
tions accounts of the Directorate of Science and Technology. 
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116 
‘‘(f) REPORT TO CONGRESS ON INTERNATIONAL COOP-
ERATIVE ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Under 
Secretary, acting through the Director, shall transmit 
to the Congress a report containing— 
‘‘(A) a brief description of each partnership 
formed under subsection (b)(4), including the 
participants, goals, and amount and sources of 
funding; and 
‘‘(B) a list of international cooperative ac-
tivities underway, including the participants, 
goals, expected duration, and amount and 
sources of funding, including resources provided 
to support the activities in lieu of direct funding. 
‘‘(2) UPDATES.—At the end of the fiscal year 
that occurs 5 years after the transmittal of the report 
under subsection (a), and every 5 years thereafter, the 
Under Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
transmit to the Congress an update of the report re-
quired under subsection (a).’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is further amended by 
adding at the end of the items relating to such title the fol-
lowing new item: 
‘‘Sec. 319. Promoting antiterrorism through international cooperation program.’’. 
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117 
TITLE IX—BORDER SECURITY 
IMPROVEMENTS 
SEC. 901. US–VISIT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 7 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Se-
curity shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Sen-
ate, the comprehensive strategy required by section 7208 of 
the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 
2004 for the biometric entry and exit data system (com-
monly referred to as the United States Visitor and Immi-
grant Status Indicator Technology program or US–VISIT) 
established under the section and other laws described in 
subsection (b) of such section. The comprehensive strategy 
shall include an action plan for full implementation of the 
biometric exit component of US–VISIT, as required under 
subsection (d) of section 7208 of such Act. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The comprehensive strategy and ac-
tion plan referred to in subsection (a) shall, at a minimum, 
include the following: 
(1) An explanation of how US–VISIT will allow 
law enforcement officials to identify individuals who 
overstay their visas. 
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118 
(2) A description of biometric pilot projects, in-
cluding the schedule for testing, locations, cost esti-
mates, resources needed, and performance measures. 
(3) An implementation schedule for deploying fu-
ture biometric exit capabilities at all air, land, and 
sea ports of entry. 
(4) The actions the Secretary plans to take to ac-
celerate the full implementation of the biometric exit 
component of US–VISIT at all air, land, and sea 
ports of entry. 
(c) AIRPORT AND SEAPORT EXIT IMPLEMENTATION.— 
Not later than December 31, 2008, the Secretary of Home-
land Security shall complete the exit portion of the biomet-
ric entry and exit data system referred to in subsection (a) 
for aliens arriving in or departing from the United States 
at an airport or seaport. 
(d) PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER.—The Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall not transfer to the National Pro-
tection and Programs Directorate of the Department of 
Homeland Security the office of the Department that carries 
out the biometric entry and exit data system referred to 
in subsection (a) until the Secretary submits to the commit-
tees specified in such subsection the action plan referred to 
in such subsection for full implementation of the biometric 
exit component of US-VISIT at all ports of entry. 
VerDate Aug 31 2005 
23:47 May 04, 2007
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