I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5982 
To make revisions in title 51, United States Code, as necessary to keep 
the title current, and to make technical amendments to improve the 
United States Code. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 16, 2021 
Mrs. FISCHBACH introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To make revisions in title 51, United States Code, as nec-
essary to keep the title current, and to make technical 
amendments to improve the United States Code. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Purposes; restatement does not change meaning or effect of existing 
law. 
Sec. 3. Revision of title 51, United States Code. 
Sec. 4. Technical amendments. 
Sec. 5. Transitional and savings provisions. 
Sec. 6. Repeals. 
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SEC. 2. PURPOSES; RESTATEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE 
MEANING OR EFFECT OF EXISTING LAW. 
(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act are— 
(1) to make revisions in title 51, United States 
Code, as necessary to keep the title current; and 
(2) to make technical amendments to improve 
the United States Code. 
(b) RESTATEMENT DOES NOT CHANGE MEANING OR 
EFFECT OF EXISTING LAW.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The restatement of existing 
law enacted by this Act does not change the mean-
ing or effect of the existing law. The restatement in-
corporates in title 51, United States Code, various 
provisions that were enacted separately over a period 
of years, reorganizing them, conforming style and 
terminology, modernizing obsolete language, and cor-
recting drafting errors. These changes serve to re-
move ambiguities, contradictions, and other imper-
fections, but they do not change the meaning or ef-
fect of the existing law or impair the precedential 
value of earlier judicial decisions or other interpreta-
tions. 
(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the 
plain meaning rule or other rules of statutory 
construction, a change in wording made in the 
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restatement of existing law enacted by this Act 
serves to clarify the existing law as indicated in 
paragraph (1), but not to change the meaning 
or effect of the existing law. 
(B) REVISION NOTES.—Subparagraph (A) 
applies whether or not a change in wording is 
explained by a revision note appearing in a con-
gressional report accompanying this Act. If 
such a revision note does appear, a court shall 
consider the revision note in interpreting the 
change. 
SEC. 3. REVISION OF TITLE 51, UNITED STATES CODE. 
(a) REVISION OF TITLE TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The 
title table of contents of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking the item relating to chapter 301 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘301. Funding ......................................................................................... 30101’’; 
(2) by striking the item relating to chapter 315 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘315. Facilities and Infrastructure ......................................................... 31501
‘‘317 Through 397 ...................................................................................
Reserved
‘‘399. Miscellaneous ................................................................................. 39901’’; 
(3) by striking the item relating to chapter 409 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘409. Aeronautics and Space Technology ............................................... 40901
‘‘411 Through 497 ...................................................................................
Reserved
‘‘499. Miscellaneous ................................................................................. 49901’’; 
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(4) by striking the items relating to chapters 
513 and 515 and inserting the following: 
‘‘513. Space Resource Commercial Exploration and Utilization ............. 51301
‘‘515. Office of Spaceports ....................................................................... 51501
‘‘517. Development and Use of Commercial Cargo and Crew Transpor-
tation Capabilities ......................................................... 51701’’; 
(5) by striking the item relating to chapter 701 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘701. Use of Space Launch System or Alternatives ............................... 70101’’; 
and 
(6) by inserting after the item relating to chap-
ter 713 the following: 
‘‘715. Human Space Flight and Exploration .......................................... 71501
‘‘717. Advancing Human Space Exploration ........................................... 71701’’. 
(b) REVISION OF SECTION 20144.—Section 20144 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘The Adminis-
tration may carry out a program to award prizes 
only in conformity with this section.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (i)(4), by striking ‘‘Committee 
on Science and Technology’’ and inserting ‘‘Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology’’. 
(c) REVISION OF SECTION 20145.—Section 20145 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as 
subsections (g) and (h), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(f) PROCEEDS.—Proceeds from leases entered into 
under this section shall be deposited in the Administration 
construction and environmental compliance and restora-
tion appropriations account. The proceeds shall be avail-
able for a period of 5 years, to the extent and in amounts 
provided in appropriations acts.’’. 
(d) REVISION OF SECTION 20303.—Section 20303 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘(42 U.S.C. 
16611(d))’’ and inserting ‘‘(Public Law 109–155, 
119 Stat. 2900)’’; 
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (e); and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(d) EVALUATION
AND
EXPANSION
OF
INTER-
AGENCY CONTRIBUTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
evaluate and, to the extent possible— 
‘‘(A) expand efforts to maximize the Ad-
ministration’s contribution to interagency ef-
forts to enhance science, technology, engineer-
ing, and mathematics education capabilities; 
and 
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‘‘(B) enhance the Nation’s technological 
excellence and global competitiveness. 
‘‘(2) IDENTIFICATION IN REPORT.—The Admin-
istrator shall identify the expanded efforts and en-
hancements made under paragraph (1) in the annual 
reports required by subsection (e).’’. 
(e) REVISION OF CHAPTER 301.— 
(1) CHAPTER HEADING.—The chapter heading 
of chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended 
by 
striking 
‘‘APPROPRIATIONS, 
BUDGETS, AND ACCOUNTING’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘FUNDING’’. 
(2) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 301 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘30101. Prior authorization of appropriations required. 
‘‘30102. Working capital fund. 
‘‘30103. Baselines and cost controls. 
‘‘30104. Reports on estimated costs for certain programs. 
‘‘30105. Annual report on program cost and control. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—BUDGET PROVISIONS 
‘‘30121. General budget documentation requirements. 
‘‘30122. Consideration of decadal surveys. 
‘‘30123. Two-year budget request with 3d-year estimate.’’. 
(3) REDESIGNATION OF EXISTING SECTIONS.— 
Chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended as follows: 
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(A) Section 30103 (Budgets) is redesig-
nated as section 30121, and transferred to ap-
pear after section 30104 (Baselines and cost 
controls). 
(B) Section 30104 (Baselines and cost 
controls) is redesignated as section 30103. 
(4) DESIGNATION OF SUBCHAPTERS.— 
(A) Chapter 301 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting a subchapter 
heading (in typeface styled like other sub-
chapter headings in title 51) before section 
30101 as follows: ‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—GEN-
ERAL PROVISIONS’’. 
(B) Chapter 301 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting a subchapter 
heading (in typeface styled like other sub-
chapter headings in title 51) before section 
30121 (as redesignated and transferred by 
paragraph (3)(A)) as follows: ‘‘SUBCHAPTER 
II—BUDGET PROVISIONS’’. 
(5) REVISION
OF
SECTION
30103.—Section 
30103 (Baselines and cost controls) of title 51, 
United States Code (as redesignated by paragraph 
(3)(B)), is amended by striking ‘‘Committee on 
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Science and Technology’’ and inserting ‘‘Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology’’ in— 
(A) subsection (b)(2); 
(B) subsection (c)(1); 
(C) subsection (d)(3); 
(D) subsection (e)(1)(A) (matter before 
clause (i)); and 
(E) subsection (e)(2). 
(6) ENACTMENT
OF
SECTIONS
30104
AND 
30105.—Chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after section 30103 (Base-
lines and cost controls) (as redesignated by para-
graph (3)(B) and amended by paragraph (5)) the 
following: 
‘‘§ 30104. Reports on estimated costs for certain pro-
grams 
‘‘For each program under the jurisdiction of the Ad-
ministration for which development costs are expected to 
exceed $200,000,000, the Administrator shall submit to 
Congress, at the time of submission of the President’s an-
nual budget— 
‘‘(1) a 5-year budget detailing the estimated de-
velopment costs of the program; and 
‘‘(2) an estimate of the life-cycle costs associ-
ated with the program. 
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‘‘§ 30105. Annual report on program cost and control 
‘‘(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than April 30 of 
each year, the Administrator shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a report on the 
implementation during the preceding year of the corrective 
action plan referred to in section 1203(a)(4) of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza-
tion Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–267). 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—A report under this section shall 
contain the following: 
‘‘(1) DESCRIPTION OF OVER-BUDGET OR DE-
LAYED PROGRAMS.—For the year covered by the re-
port, a description of each Administration program 
that has exceeded its cost baseline by 15 percent or 
more or is more than 2 years behind its projected 
development schedule. 
‘‘(2) CORRECTIVE PLANS.—For each program 
described under paragraph (1), a plan for a decrease 
in scope or requirements, or other measures, to be 
undertaken to control cost and schedule, including 
any cost monitoring or corrective actions undertaken 
pursuant to the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–155), and the amendments made by that Act.’’. 
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(7) REVISION
OF
SECTION
30121.—Section 
30121 of title 51, United States Code (as redesig-
nated and transferred by paragraph (3)(A)), is 
amended— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘Budgets’’ and inserting ‘‘General budget 
documentation requirements’’; and 
(B) in subsection (b) (matter before para-
graph (1)), by striking ‘‘Committee on Science 
and Technology’’ and inserting ‘‘Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology’’. 
(8) ENACTMENT
OF
SECTIONS
30122
AND 
30123.—Chapter 301 of title 51, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 30122. Consideration of decadal surveys 
‘‘The Administration shall take into account the cur-
rent decadal surveys from the National Academies’ Space 
Studies Board when submitting the President’s budget re-
quest to Congress. 
‘‘§ 30123. Two-year budget request with 3d-year esti-
mate 
‘‘Each fiscal year, the President shall submit to Con-
gress a budget request for the Administration that in-
cludes— 
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‘‘(1) a budget request for the immediate fiscal 
year and the following fiscal year; and 
‘‘(2) budget estimates for the 3d fiscal year.’’. 
(f) REVISION OF SECTION 30310.—Section 30310 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Sec-
tion 526(a) of the Energy Independence and Security Act 
of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17142(a))’’ and inserting ‘‘Section 
526 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17142)’’. 
(g) ENACTMENT OF SECTION 30311.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 303 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘30311. Counterfeit parts.’’. 
(2) ENACTMENT OF SECTION.—Chapter 303 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 30311. Counterfeit parts 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall plan, 
develop, and implement a program, in coordination with 
other Federal agencies, to detect, track, catalog, and re-
duce the number of counterfeit electronic parts in the Ad-
ministration supply chain. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the program, 
the Administrator shall establish— 
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‘‘(1) counterfeit part identification training for 
all employees who procure, process, distribute, and 
install electronic parts that will— 
‘‘(A) teach employees how to identify coun-
terfeit parts; 
‘‘(B) educate employees on procedures to 
follow if they suspect a part is counterfeit; 
‘‘(C) regularly update employees on new 
threats, identification techniques, and reporting 
requirements; and 
‘‘(D) integrate industry associations, man-
ufacturers, suppliers, and other Federal agen-
cies, as appropriate; 
‘‘(2) an internal database to track all suspected 
and confirmed counterfeit electronic parts that will 
maintain, at a minimum— 
‘‘(A) companies and individuals known and 
suspected of selling counterfeit parts; 
‘‘(B) parts known and suspected of being 
counterfeit, including lot and date codes, part 
numbers, and part images; 
‘‘(C) countries of origin; 
‘‘(D) sources of reporting; 
‘‘(E) United States Customs seizures; and 
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‘‘(F) Government-Industry Data Exchange 
Program reports and other public- or private- 
sector database notifications; and 
‘‘(3) a mechanism— 
‘‘(A) to report all information on suspected 
and confirmed counterfeit electronic parts to 
law enforcement agency databases, industry as-
sociation databases, and other databases; and 
‘‘(B) to issue bulletins to industry on coun-
terfeit electronic parts and related counterfeit 
activity. 
‘‘(c) REVIEW OF PROCUREMENT AND ACQUISITION 
POLICY.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—In establishing the pro-
gram, the Administrator shall amend acquisition and 
procurement policy in effect on October 11, 2010, to 
require the purchase of electronic parts from trusted 
or approved manufacturers. To determine trusted or 
approved manufacturers, the Administrator shall es-
tablish a list, assessed and adjusted at least annu-
ally, and create criteria for manufacturers to meet 
in order to be placed on the list. 
‘‘(2) CRITERIA.—The criteria may include— 
‘‘(A) authentication or encryption codes; 
‘‘(B) embedded security markings in parts; 
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‘‘(C) unique, hard-to-copy labels and mark-
ings; 
‘‘(D) identification of distinct lot and serial 
codes on external packaging; 
‘‘(E) radio frequency identification embed-
ded into high-value parts; 
‘‘(F) physical destruction of all defective, 
damaged, and sub-standard parts that are by- 
products of the manufacturing process; 
‘‘(G) testing certifications; 
‘‘(H) maintenance of procedures for han-
dling any counterfeit parts that slip through; 
‘‘(I) maintenance of secure facilities to pre-
vent unauthorized access to proprietary infor-
mation; and 
‘‘(J) maintenance of product return, buy 
back, and inventory control practices that limit 
counterfeiting.’’. 
(h) ENACTMENT OF SECTIONS 30505 AND 30506.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 305 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘30505. Information security. 
‘‘30506. Workforce development for minority and underrepresented groups.’’. 
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(2) ENACTMENT OF SECTIONS.—Chapter 305 
of title 51, United States Code, is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 30505. Information security 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION
OF INFORMATION INFRASTRUC-
TURE.—In this section, the term ‘information infrastruc-
ture’ means the underlying framework that information 
systems and assets rely on to process, transmit, receive, 
or store information electronically, including program-
mable electronic devices and communications networks 
and any associated hardware, software, or data. 
‘‘(b) MONITORING RISK.— 
‘‘(1) BIENNIAL UPDATE ON SYSTEM IMPLEMEN-
TATION.—On a biennial basis, the chief information 
officer of the Administration, in coordination with 
other national security agencies, shall provide to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-
tation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives— 
‘‘(A) an update on efforts to implement a 
system to provide dynamic, comprehensive, real- 
time information regarding risk of unauthorized 
remote, proximity, and insider use or access, for 
all information infrastructure under the respon-
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sibility of the chief information officer, and mis-
sion-related networks, including contractor net-
works; 
‘‘(B) an assessment of whether the system 
has demonstrably and quantifiably reduced net-
work risk compared with alternative methods of 
measuring security; and 
‘‘(C) an assessment of the progress that 
each center and facility has made toward imple-
menting the system. 
‘‘(2) EXISTING
ASSESSMENTS.—The assess-
ments required of the Inspector General under sec-
tion 3555 of title 44 shall evaluate the effectiveness 
of the system described in this subsection. 
‘‘(c) INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS AND EDU-
CATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—In consultation with the 
Department of Education, other national security 
agencies, and other agency directorates, the chief in-
formation officer shall institute an information secu-
rity awareness and education program for all opera-
tors and users of Administration information infra-
structure, with the goal of reducing unauthorized re-
mote, proximity, and insider use or access. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.— 
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‘‘(A) BRIEFINGS, EXERCISES, AND EXAMI-
NATIONS.—The program shall include, at a 
minimum, ongoing classified and unclassified 
threat-based briefings, and automated exercises 
and examinations that simulate common attack 
techniques. 
‘‘(B) PARTICIPATION.—All agency employ-
ees and contractors engaged in the operation or 
use of agency information infrastructure shall 
participate in the program. 
‘‘(C) ACCESS.—Access to Administration 
information infrastructure shall be granted only 
to operators and users who regularly satisfy the 
requirements of the program. 
‘‘(D) REWARDING
ACHIEVEMENT.—The 
chief human capital officer of the Administra-
tion, in consultation with the chief information 
officer, shall create a system to reward opera-
tors and users of agency information infrastruc-
ture for continuous high achievement in the 
program. 
‘‘§ 30506. Workforce development for minority and 
underrepresented groups 
‘‘(a) ADDRESSING IMPEDIMENTS.—To the extent 
practicable, the Administrator shall take all necessary 
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steps to address any impediments identified in the assess-
ment described in subsection (b). 
‘‘(b) ASSESSMENT.—The assessment referred to in 
subsection (a) is the independent assessment of impedi-
ments to space science and engineering workforce develop-
ment for minority and underrepresented groups at the Ad-
ministration that was prepared under section 203(a) of 
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 
(Public Law 111–358, 124 Stat. 3994).’’. 
(i) REVISION OF SECTION 30704.—Section 30704(2) 
of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
‘‘the Buy American Act (41 U.S.C. 10a et seq.)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘chapter 83 of title 41’’. 
(j) ENACTMENT OF SECTION 30705.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 307 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘30705. Limitation on international agreements concerning outer space activi-
ties.’’. 
(2) ENACTMENT OF SECTION.—Chapter 307 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 30705. Limitation on international agreements con-
cerning outer space activities 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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‘‘(1) 
CONGRESSIONAL
DEFENSE
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘congressional defense committees’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; and 
‘‘(B) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
‘‘(2) 
COVERED
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘covered congressional committees’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) the Committee on Armed Services, 
the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; 
and 
‘‘(B) the Committee on Armed Services, 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
‘‘(b) CERTIFICATION.—If the United States becomes 
a signatory to a non-legally binding international agree-
ment concerning an International Code of Conduct for 
Outer Space Activities or any similar agreement, at the 
same time as the United States becomes a signatory— 
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‘‘(1) the President shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees, the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the House of Rep-
resentatives, and the Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the Senate a certification that the agree-
ment has no legally binding effect or basis for lim-
iting the activities of the United States in outer 
space; and 
‘‘(2) the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of 
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence shall jointly submit to the con-
gressional defense committees a certification that 
the agreement will be equitable, enhance national se-
curity, and have no militarily significant impact on 
the ability of the United States to conduct military 
or intelligence activities in space. 
‘‘(c) BRIEFINGS AND NOTIFICATIONS REQUIRED.— 
‘‘(1) RESTATEMENT OF POLICY FORMULATION 
UNDER THE ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT ACT 
WITH RESPECT TO OUTER SPACE.—No action shall 
be taken that would obligate the United States to re-
duce or limit the Armed Forces or armaments of the 
United States in outer space in a militarily signifi-
cant manner, except pursuant to the treaty-making 
power of the President under Article II, Section 2, 
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Clause II of the Constitution or unless authorized by 
the enactment of further affirmative legislation by 
Congress. 
‘‘(2) BRIEFINGS.— 
‘‘(A) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence shall jointly provide 
to the covered congressional committees reg-
ular, detailed updates on the negotiation of a 
non-legally binding international agreement 
concerning an International Code of Conduct 
for Outer Space Activities or any similar agree-
ment. 
‘‘(B) TERMINATION OF REQUIREMENT.— 
The requirement to provide regular briefings 
under subparagraph (A) shall terminate on the 
date on which the United States becomes a sig-
natory to an agreement referred to in subpara-
graph (A), or on the date on which the Presi-
dent certifies to Congress that the United 
States is no longer negotiating an agreement 
referred to in subparagraph (A), whichever is 
earlier. 
‘‘(3) NOTIFICATIONS.—If the United States be-
comes a signatory to a non-legally binding inter-
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national agreement concerning an International 
Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities or any 
similar agreement, not less than 60 days prior to 
any action that would obligate the United States to 
reduce or limit the Armed Forces, armaments, or ac-
tivities of the United States in outer space, the head 
of each Department or agency of the Federal Gov-
ernment that would be affected by the action shall 
submit to Congress a notice of the action and its ef-
fect on the Department or agency.’’. 
(k) REDESIGNATION OF CHAPTER 315 AS CHAPTER 
399.— 
(1) RESERVED
CHAPTERS.—Title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 
31302 the following: 
‘‘CHAPTERS 317 THROUGH 397—RE-
SERVED’’. 
(2) REDESIGNATION
OF
CHAPTER.—Title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by redesignating 
chapter 315 as chapter 399. 
(3) REDESIGNATION
OF
SECTIONS.—Chapter 
399 of title 51, United States Code (as redesignated 
by paragraph (2)), is amended— 
(A) in the chapter table of contents, by re-
designating the items for sections 31501 
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through 31505 as items for sections 39901 
through 39905, respectively; and 
(B) 
by 
redesignating 
sections 
31501 
through 31505 as sections 39901 through 
39905, respectively. 
(l) ENACTMENT OF CHAPTER 315.— 
(1) ENACTMENT
OF
CHAPTER.—Title 51, 
United States Code, as amended by subsection (k), 
is amended by inserting after chapter 313 (and be-
fore ‘‘CHAPTERS 317 THROUGH 397—RE-
SERVED’’ as inserted by subsection (k)(1)) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘CHAPTER 315—FACILITIES AND 
INFRASTRUCTURE 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘31501. Policy and plan. 
‘‘31502. Maintenance and upgrade of center facilities. 
‘‘§ 31501. Policy and plan 
‘‘(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States 
that the Administration maintain reliable and efficient fa-
cilities and infrastructure and that decisions on whether 
to dispose of, maintain, or modernize existing facilities or 
infrastructure be made in the context of meeting future 
Administration needs. 
‘‘(b) PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
develop a facilities and infrastructure plan. 
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‘‘(2) GOAL.—The goal of the plan is to position 
the Administration to have the facilities and infra-
structure, including laboratories, tools, and ap-
proaches, necessary to meet future Administration 
and other Federal agencies’ laboratory needs. 
‘‘(3) CONTENTS.—The plan shall identify— 
‘‘(A) current Administration and other 
Federal agency laboratory needs; 
‘‘(B) future Administration research and 
development and testing needs; 
‘‘(C) a strategy for identifying facilities 
and infrastructure that are candidates for dis-
posal, that is consistent with the national stra-
tegic direction set forth in— 
‘‘(i) the National Space Policy; 
‘‘(ii) the National Aeronautics Re-
search, Development, Test, and Evaluation 
Infrastructure Plan; 
‘‘(iii) the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2005 (Public Law 109–155, 119 Stat. 
2895), the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2008 
(Public Law 110–422, 122 Stat. 4779), 
and the National Aeronautics and Space 
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Administration Authorization Act of 2010 
(Public Law 111–267, 124 Stat. 2805); 
and 
‘‘(iv) the human exploration roadmap 
under section 71721 of this title; 
‘‘(D) a strategy for the maintenance, re-
pair, upgrading, and modernization of Adminis-
tration facilities and infrastructure, including 
laboratories and equipment; 
‘‘(E) criteria for— 
‘‘(i) prioritizing deferred maintenance 
tasks; 
‘‘(ii) maintaining, repairing, upgrad-
ing, or modernizing Administration facili-
ties and infrastructure; and 
‘‘(iii) implementing processes, plans, 
and policies for guiding the Administra-
tion’s centers on whether to maintain, re-
pair, upgrade, or modernize a facility or 
infrastructure and for determining the type 
of instrument to be used; 
‘‘(F) an assessment of modifications need-
ed to maximize usage of facilities that offer 
unique and highly specialized benefits to the 
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aerospace industry and the American public; 
and 
‘‘(G) implementation steps, including a 
timeline, milestones, and an estimate of re-
sources required for carrying out the plan. 
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENT TO ESTABLISH POLICY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after March 21, 2017, the Administrator shall estab-
lish and make publicly available a policy that guides 
the Administration’s use of existing authorities to 
out-grant, lease, excess to the General Services Ad-
ministration, sell, decommission, demolish, or other-
wise transfer property, facilities, or infrastructure. 
‘‘(2) CRITERIA.—The policy shall include cri-
teria for the use of authorities, best practices, stand-
ardized procedures, and guidelines for how to appro-
priately manage property, facilities, and infrastruc-
ture. 
‘‘(d) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 
year after March 21, 2017, the Administrator shall submit 
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-
tation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives the plan 
developed under subsection (b).’’. 
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(2) REDESIGNATION OF SECTION 39902 AS SEC-
TION 31502.— 
(A) REDESIGNATION
AND
TRANSFER.— 
Section 39902 of title 51, United States Code, 
as redesignated by subsection (k)(3)(B), is re-
designated as section 31502 of title 51, United 
States Code, and transferred to appear after 
section 31501 of title 51, United States Code, 
as inserted by paragraph (1). 
(B) AMENDMENT OF SECTION 31502.—Sec-
tion 31502 of title 51, United States Code, as 
redesignated and transferred by subparagraph 
(A), is amended— 
(i) 
in 
the 
heading, 
by 
striking 
‘‘Maintenance of facilities’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Maintenance and upgrade 
of center facilities’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘healthy Centers’’ and 
inserting ‘‘healthy centers’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘Center facilities’’ and 
inserting ‘‘center facilities’’. 
(C) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO CHAP-
TER
399.—Chapter 399 of title 51, United 
States Code, as redesignated and amended by 
subsections (k) and (l)(2)(A), is amended— 
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(i) in the chapter table of contents— 
(I) by striking the item relating 
to section 39902; and 
(II) by redesignating the items 
relating to sections 39903, 39904, 
and 39905 as items relating to sec-
tions 39902, 39903, and 39904, re-
spectively; and 
(ii) by redesignating sections 39903, 
39904, and 39905 as sections 39902, 
39903, and 39904, respectively. 
(m) REVISION OF SECTION 39901.—Section 39901 
of title 51, United States Code (as redesignated by sub-
section (k)(3)), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the existing text as sub-
section (a) and inserting the subsection heading 
‘‘TECHNOLOGIES TO DECREASE RISK.—’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b) INTERNATIONAL DISCUSSION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, in 
consultation with such other departments and agen-
cies of the Federal Government as the Administrator 
considers appropriate, continue and strengthen dis-
cussions with the representatives of other space- 
faring countries, within the Inter-Agency Space De-
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bris Coordination Committee and elsewhere, to deal 
with orbital debris mitigation. 
‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY EFFORT.—For purposes of 
carrying out this subsection, the Director of the Of-
fice of Science and Technology Policy, in coordina-
tion with the Director of the National Security 
Council and using the President’s Council of Advi-
sors on Science and Technology coordinating mecha-
nism, shall develop an overall strategy for review by 
the President, with recommendations for proposed 
international collaborative efforts to address the 
challenge of orbital debris mitigation.’’. 
(n) REVISION OF SECTION 40308.—Section 40308(a) 
of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
‘‘(5 App. U.S.C.).’’ and inserting ‘‘(5 U.S.C. App.).’’. 
(o) REDESIGNATION OF CHAPTER 409 AS CHAPTER 
499.— 
(1) RESERVED
CHAPTERS.—Title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 
40704 the following: 
‘‘CHAPTERS 411 THROUGH 497—RE-
SERVED’’. 
(2) REDESIGNATION
OF
CHAPTER.—Title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by redesignating 
chapter 409 as chapter 499. 
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(3) REDESIGNATION
OF
SECTIONS.—Chapter 
499 of title 51, United States Code (as redesignated 
by paragraph (2)), is amended— 
(A) in the chapter table of contents, by re-
designating the items for sections 40901 
through 40909 as items for sections 49901 
through 49909, respectively; and 
(B) 
by 
redesignating 
sections 
40901 
through 40909 as sections 49901 through 
49909, respectively. 
(p) ENACTMENT OF CHAPTER 409.—Title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 407 
(and before ‘‘CHAPTERS 411 THROUGH 497—RE-
SERVED’’ as inserted by subsection (o)(1)) the following: 
‘‘CHAPTER 409—AERONAUTICS AND 
SPACE TECHNOLOGY 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘40901. Aeronautics research goals. 
‘‘40902. Research collaboration. 
‘‘40903. Goal for Administration space technology. 
‘‘40904. National space technology policy. 
‘‘40905. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Program. 
‘‘§ 40901. Aeronautics research goals 
‘‘The Administrator should ensure that the Adminis-
tration maintains a strong aeronautics research portfolio 
ranging from fundamental research through systems re-
search with specific research goals, including the following: 
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‘‘(1) AIRSPACE
CAPACITY.—The Administra-
tion’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate 
shall address research needs of the Next Generation 
Air Transportation System, including the ability of 
the National Airspace System to handle up to 3 
times the current travel demand by 2025. 
‘‘(2) ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY.—The 
Directorate shall— 
‘‘(A) consider and pursue concepts to re-
duce noise, emissions, and fuel consumption 
while maintaining high safety standards; and 
‘‘(B) pursue research relating to alter-
native fuels. 
‘‘(3) AVIATION SAFETY.—The Directorate shall 
proactively address safety challenges with new and 
current air vehicles and with operations in the Na-
tion’s current and future air transportation system. 
‘‘§ 40902. Research collaboration 
‘‘(a) DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE.—The Adminis-
trator shall continue to coordinate with the Secretary of 
Defense, through the National Partnership for Aero-
nautics Testing, to develop and implement joint plans for 
those elements of the Nation’s research, development, test-
ing, and engineering infrastructure that are of common 
interest and use. 
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‘‘(b) FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION.—The 
Administrator shall continue to coordinate with, and work 
closely with, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration, under the framework of the Senior Policy 
Council, in the development of the Next Generation Air 
Transportation Program. The Administrator shall encour-
age the Council to explore areas for greater collaboration, 
including areas in which the Administration can help to 
accelerate the development and demonstration of NextGen 
technologies. 
‘‘§ 40903. Goal for Administration space technology 
‘‘Building on its Innovative Partnerships Program 
and other partnering approaches, it is critical that the Ad-
ministration maintain an Administration space technology 
base that helps align mission directorate investments and 
supports long term needs— 
‘‘(1) to complement mission-directorate funded 
research; and 
‘‘(2) where appropriate, to support multiple 
users. 
‘‘§ 40904. National space technology policy 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, in consultation 
with appropriate Federal agencies, shall develop a national 
policy to guide the space technology development pro-
grams of the United States through 2020. The policy shall 
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include national goals for technology development and 
shall describe the role and responsibilities of each Federal 
agency that will carry out the policy. In developing the 
policy, the President shall utilize external studies that 
have been conducted on the state of United States tech-
nology development and have suggested policies to ensure 
continued competitiveness. 
‘‘(b) CONTENT.—At a minimum, the national space 
technology development policy shall describe for the Ad-
ministration— 
‘‘(1) the priority areas of research for tech-
nology investment; 
‘‘(2) the basis on which and the process by 
which priorities for ensuing fiscal years will be se-
lected; 
‘‘(3) the facilities and personnel needed to carry 
out the technology development program; and 
‘‘(4) the budget assumptions on which the pol-
icy is based, which for fiscal years 2011, 2012, and 
2013 shall be the authorized level for the Adminis-
tration’s technology program authorized by the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–267, 124 
Stat. 2805). 
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‘‘(c) POLICY PREMISE.—The policy shall be based on 
the premise that the Federal Government has an estab-
lished interest in conducting research and development 
programs that help preserve the role of the United States 
as a global leader in space technologies and their applica-
tion. 
‘‘(d) CONSIDERATIONS.—In developing the national 
space technology development policy, the President shall 
consider the following issues: 
‘‘(1) LONG TERM AND INCREMENTAL DEVELOP-
MENT.—The extent to which the Administration 
should focus on long term, high-risk research or 
more incremental technology development, and the 
expected impact of that decision on the United 
States economy. 
‘‘(2) MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL NEEDS.—The 
extent to which the Administration should address 
military and commercial needs. 
‘‘(3) COORDINATION
WITH
FEDERAL
AGEN-
CIES.—How the Administration will coordinate its 
technology program with other Federal agencies. 
‘‘(4) ADMINISTRATION, UNIVERSITY, AND
IN-
DUSTRY RESEARCH.—The extent to which the Ad-
ministration will conduct research in-house, fund 
university research, and collaborate on industry re-
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search and the expected impact of that mix of fund-
ing on the supply of United States workers for in-
dustry. 
‘‘(e) CONSULTATION.—In the development of the na-
tional space technology development policy, the President 
shall consult widely with academic and industry experts 
and with Federal agencies. The Administrator may enter 
into an arrangement with the National Academy of 
Sciences to help develop the policy. 
‘‘§ 40905. Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research 
Program 
‘‘(a) FINDING THAT SUBORBITAL SCIENCE MISSIONS 
ARE CRITICAL.—The report entitled Revitalizing NASA’s 
Suborbital Program: Advancing Science, Driving Innova-
tion, and Developing a Workforce (prepared by the Com-
mittee on NASA’s Suborbital Research Capabilities, Space 
Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical 
Sciences, National Research Council of the National Acad-
emies) found that suborbital science missions are abso-
lutely critical to building an aerospace workforce capable 
of meeting the needs of current and future human and 
robotic space exploration. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish a Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research Pro-
gram within the Space Technology Program. 
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‘‘(c) MANAGEMENT.—The Administrator shall des-
ignate an officer or employee of the Space Technology 
Program to act as the responsible official for the Commer-
cial Reusable Suborbital Research Program. The designee 
shall be responsible for the development of short- and 
long-term strategic plans for maintaining, renewing, and 
extending suborbital facilities and capabilities. 
‘‘(d) ACTIVITIES.—The Commercial Reusable Sub-
orbital Research Program— 
‘‘(1) shall fund the development of payloads for 
scientific research, technology development, and edu-
cation; 
‘‘(2) shall provide flight opportunities to micro-
gravity environments and suborbital altitudes for the 
payloads referred to in paragraph (1); 
‘‘(3) may fund engineering and integration 
demonstrations, proofs of concept, or educational ex-
periments for commercial reusable vehicle flights; 
and 
‘‘(4) shall endeavor to work with the Adminis-
tration’s mission directorates to help achieve the Ad-
ministration’s research, technology, and education 
goals. 
‘‘(e) REPORT.—The Administrator shall annually 
submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
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Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report describing progress in carrying out 
the Commercial Reusable Suborbital Research program, 
including the number and type of suborbital missions 
planned in each fiscal year.’’. 
(q) ENACTMENT
OF SECTIONS 49910 THROUGH 
49912.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 499 of title 51, 
United States Code (as redesignated and amended 
by subsection (o)), is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘49910. Programs to support STEM education. 
‘‘49911. Supporting women’s involvement in the fields of aerospace and space 
exploration. 
‘‘49912. Internship and fellowship opportunities.’’. 
(2) ENACTMENT OF SECTIONS.—Chapter 499 
of title 51, United States Code (as redesignated and 
amended by subsection (o)), is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 49910. Programs to support STEM education 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF STEM.—In this section, the 
term ‘STEM’ means the academic and professional dis-
ciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathe-
matics. 
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‘‘(b) EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM GOALS.—The Admin-
istration shall develop and maintain educational programs 
to— 
‘‘(1) carry out and support research-based pro-
grams and activities designed to increase student in-
terest and participation in STEM, including stu-
dents from minority and underrepresented groups; 
‘‘(2) improve public literacy in STEM; 
‘‘(3) employ proven strategies and methods for 
improving student learning and teaching in STEM; 
‘‘(4) provide curriculum support materials and 
other resources that— 
‘‘(A) are designed to be integrated with 
comprehensive STEM education; 
‘‘(B) are aligned with national science edu-
cation standards; and 
‘‘(C) promote the adoption and implemen-
tation of high-quality education practices that 
build toward college and career-readiness; and 
‘‘(5) create and support opportunities for en-
hanced and ongoing professional development for 
teachers using best practices that improve the 
STEM content and knowledge of the teachers, in-
cluding through programs linking STEM teachers 
with STEM educators at the higher education level. 
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‘‘(c) CYBERSECURITY IN STEM PROGRAMS.—In car-
rying out any STEM education program of the Adminis-
tration, including a program of the Office of STEM En-
gagement, the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, encourage the inclusion of cybersecurity edu-
cation opportunities in the program. 
‘‘§ 49911. Supporting women’s involvement in the 
fields of aerospace and space exploration 
‘‘The Administrator shall encourage women and girls 
to study science, technology, engineering, and mathe-
matics, pursue careers in aerospace, and further advance 
the Nation’s space science and exploration efforts through 
support of the following initiatives: 
‘‘(1) NASA GIRLS and NASA BOYS. 
‘‘(2) Aspire to Inspire. 
‘‘(3) Summer Institute in Science, Technology, 
Engineering, and Research. 
‘‘§ 49912. Internship and fellowship opportunities 
‘‘Not later than October 1, 2018, the Administrator 
shall institute a process to encourage the recruitment of 
qualified candidates who are women or individuals who are 
underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engi-
neering, and mathematics (STEM) and computer science 
for internships and fellowships at the Administration with 
relevance to the aerospace sector and related fields.’’. 
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(r) REVISION OF SECTION 50905.—Section 50905 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the 2d sentence of subsection (a)(1), by 
striking ‘‘subsection (b)(2)(D)’’ and inserting ‘‘sub-
section (b)(2)(E)’’; 
(2) in the 3d sentence of subsection (a)(1), by 
striking ‘‘subsection (b)(2)(D)’’ and inserting ‘‘sub-
section (b)(2)(E)’’; 
(3) in the last sentence of subsection (a)(1), by 
striking ‘‘Committee on Science’’ and inserting 
‘‘Committee on Science, Space, and Technology’’; 
(4) in subsection (b)(4)(B), by striking ‘‘the 
date of enactment of the Commercial Space Launch 
Amendments Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘December 
23, 2004’’; 
(5) in subsection (b)(6)(A), by striking ‘‘the 
date of enactment of the Commercial Space Launch 
Amendments Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘December 
23, 2004’’; and 
(6) in subsection (b)(6)(B), by striking ‘‘the 
date of enactment of the Commercial Space Launch 
Amendments Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘December 
23, 2004’’. 
(s) REVISION OF SECTION 50922.—Section 50922 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
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(1) in subsection (a) (matter before paragraph 
(1)), by striking ‘‘the date of the enactment of this 
section,’’ and inserting ‘‘October 28, 1998,’’; 
(2) in subsection (b) (matter before paragraph 
(1)), by striking ‘‘the date of the enactment of this 
section,’’ and inserting ‘‘October 28, 1998,’’; 
(3) in subsection (c)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the date of enactment of 
the Commercial Space Launch Amendments 
Act of 2004,’’ and inserting ‘‘December 23, 
2004,’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘that Act,’’ and inserting 
‘‘the Commercial Space Launch Amendments 
Act of 2004,’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘such date of enactment,’’ 
and inserting ‘‘December 23, 2004,’’; 
(4) in subsection (c)(2)(A), by striking ‘‘the 
date of enactment of the Commercial Space Launch 
Amendments Act of 2004,’’ and inserting ‘‘Decem-
ber 23, 2004,’’; 
(5) in subsection (d)(2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the date of enactment of 
the Commercial Space Launch Amendments 
Act of 2004,’’ and inserting ‘‘December 23, 
2004,’’; and 
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(B) by striking ‘‘that Act’’ and inserting 
‘‘the Commercial Space Launch Amendments 
Act of 2004’’; and 
(6) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ‘‘the date 
of enactment of the Commercial Space Launch 
Amendments Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘December 
23, 2004,’’. 
(t) REVISION OF CHAPTER 515.— 
(1) TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—Chapter 515 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended by insert-
ing after the chapter heading the following: 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports.’’. 
(2) REVISION
OF
SECTION
51501.—Section 
51501 of title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), 
(c), (d), and (e) as subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), 
and (a), respectively, and transferring sub-
section (a), as redesignated, to appear at the 
beginning of the section; 
(B) in the heading for subsection (a), as 
redesignated, by striking ‘‘DEFINITION’’ and in-
serting ‘‘DEFINITION OF SPACEPORT’’; 
(C) in subsection (a), as redesignated, by 
inserting a comma after ‘‘In this section’’; 
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(D) in subsection (b), as redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘the date of enactment of this section,’’ 
and inserting ‘‘October 5, 2018,’’; and 
(E) in subsection (d), as redesignated— 
(i) by striking ‘‘functions assigned in 
subsection (b),’’ and inserting ‘‘functions 
assigned in subsection (c),’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘host’’ from the end of 
the matter before paragraph (1) and in-
serting ‘‘host’’ at the beginning of para-
graph (1). 
(u) ENACTMENT
OF
CHAPTER
517.—Title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 
515 the following: 
‘‘CHAPTER 517—DEVELOPMENT AND USE 
OF COMMERCIAL CARGO AND CREW 
TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITIES 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘51701. Commercial development of cargo transportation capabilities. 
‘‘51702. Commercial development of crew transportation capabilities. 
‘‘51703. Commercial Crew Program. 
‘‘51704. Policy regarding fair and open competition for space transportation 
services. 
‘‘51705. Transparency. 
‘‘§ 51701. Commercial development of cargo transpor-
tation capabilities 
‘‘The Administrator shall continue to support the ex-
isting Commercial Resupply Services program, aimed at 
enabling the commercial space industry in support of the 
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Administration to develop reliable means of launching 
cargo and supplies to the International Space Station 
throughout the duration of the facility’s operation. The 
Administrator may apply funds toward the reduction of 
risk to the timely start of the services, specifically— 
‘‘(1) efforts to conduct a flight test; 
‘‘(2) the acceleration of development; and 
‘‘(3) the development of the ground infrastruc-
ture needed for commercial cargo capability. 
‘‘§ 51702. Commercial development of crew transpor-
tation capabilities 
‘‘For the duration of the commercial crew develop-
ment program, the Administrator may support follow-on 
commercially developed crew transportation systems de-
pendent on the completion of each of the following: 
‘‘(1) HUMAN
RATING
REQUIREMENTS.—The 
Administrator shall develop and make available to 
the public detailed human rating processes and re-
quirements to guide the design of commercially de-
veloped crew transportation capabilities, which re-
quirements shall be at least equivalent to proven re-
quirements for crew transportation in use as of Oc-
tober 11, 2010. 
‘‘(2) PROCUREMENT SYSTEM REVIEW.— 
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‘‘(A) REVIEW
OF
CURRENT
PRACTICES 
AND PROCESSES.—The Administrator shall re-
view current Government procurement and ac-
quisition practices and processes, including 
agreement authorities under chapter 201 of this 
title, to determine the most cost-effective means 
of procuring commercial crew transportation ca-
pabilities and related services in a manner that 
ensures 
appropriate 
accountability, 
trans-
parency, and maximum efficiency in the pro-
curement of the capabilities and services. The 
review shall include identification of proposed 
measures to address— 
‘‘(i) risk management and means of 
indemnification of commercial providers of 
the capabilities and services; 
‘‘(ii) quality control; 
‘‘(iii) safety oversight; and 
‘‘(iv) the application of Federal over-
sight processes within the jurisdiction of 
other Federal agencies. 
‘‘(B) REVIEW
OF
PROPOSED
PROCURE-
MENT.—A description of the proposed procure-
ment process and justification of the proposed 
procurement for its selection shall be included 
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in any proposed initiation of procurement activ-
ity for commercially developed crew transpor-
tation capabilities and services and shall be sub-
ject to review by the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives before 
the initiation of any competitive process to pro-
cure the capabilities or services. In support of 
the review by the committees, the Comptroller 
General shall undertake an assessment of the 
proposed procurement process and provide a re-
port to the committees not later than 90 days 
after the date on which the Administrator pro-
vides the description and justification to the 
committees. 
‘‘(3) USE
OF
GOVERNMENT-SUPPLIED
CAPA-
BILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.—In evaluating any 
proposed development activity for commercially de-
veloped crew or cargo launch capabilities, the Ad-
ministrator shall identify the anticipated contribu-
tion of Government personnel, expertise, tech-
nologies, and infrastructure to be utilized in support 
of design, development, or operations of the capabili-
ties. This assessment shall include a clear delinea-
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tion of the full requirements for the commercial crew 
service (including the contingency for crew rescue). 
The Administrator shall include details and associ-
ated costs of such support as part of any proposed 
development initiative for the procurement of com-
mercially developed crew or cargo launch capabilities 
or services. 
‘‘(4) FLIGHT DEMONSTRATION AND READINESS 
REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator shall establish 
appropriate milestones and minimum performance 
objectives to be achieved before authority is granted 
to proceed to the procurement of commercially devel-
oped crew transportation capabilities or services. 
The guidelines shall include a procedure to provide 
independent assurance of flight safety and flight 
readiness before the authorization of United States 
government personnel to participate as crew onboard 
any commercial launch vehicle developed pursuant to 
this section. 
‘‘(5) COMMERCIAL
CREW
RESCUE
CAPABILI-
TIES.—The provision of a commercial capability to 
provide International Space Station crew services 
shall include crew rescue requirements, and shall be 
undertaken through the procurement process initi-
ated in conformance with this section. In the event 
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such development is initiated, the Administrator 
shall make available any relevant government-owned 
intellectual property deriving from the development 
of a multipurpose crew vehicle authorized by this 
section and sections 71522 and 71523 of this title 
to commercial entities involved with such crew res-
cue capability development which shall be relevant to 
the design of a crew rescue capability. In addition, 
the Administrator shall seek to ensure that contracts 
for development of the multipurpose crew vehicle 
contain provisions for the licensing of relevant intel-
lectual property to participating commercial pro-
viders of any crew rescue capability development un-
dertaken pursuant to this section. If 1 or more con-
tractors involved with development of the multipur-
pose crew vehicle seek to compete in development of 
a commercial crew service with crew rescue capa-
bility, separate legislative authority must be enacted 
to enable the Administrator to provide funding for 
any modifications of the multipurpose crew vehicle 
necessary to fulfill the International Space Station 
crew rescue function. 
‘‘§ 51703. Commercial Crew Program 
‘‘(a) OBJECTIVE.—The objective of the Commercial 
Crew Program shall be to assist in the development and 
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certification of commercially provided transportation 
that— 
‘‘(1) can carry United States government astro-
nauts (meaning a government astronaut as defined 
in section 50902 of this title) safely, reliably, and 
affordably to and from the International Space Sta-
tion; 
‘‘(2) can serve as a crew rescue vehicle; and 
‘‘(3) can accomplish the goals stated in para-
graphs (1) and (2) as soon as practicable. 
‘‘(b) PRIMARY CONSIDERATION.—The objective de-
scribed in subsection (a) shall be the primary consider-
ation in the acquisition strategy for the Commercial Crew 
Program. 
‘‘(c) SAFETY.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
protect the safety of government astronauts (as de-
fined in section 50902 of this title) by ensuring that 
each commercially provided transportation system 
under this section meets all applicable human rating 
requirements in accordance with section 51702(1) of 
this title. 
‘‘(2) LESSONS LEARNED.—Consistent with the 
findings and recommendations of the Columbia Acci-
dent Investigation Board, the Administration shall 
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ensure that safety and the minimization of the prob-
ability of loss of crew are the critical priorities of the 
Commercial Crew Program. 
‘‘(d) COST MINIMIZATION.—The Administrator shall 
strive through the competitive selection process to mini-
mize the life cycle cost to the Administration through the 
planned period of commercially provided crew transpor-
tation services. 
‘‘§ 51704. Policy regarding fair and open competition 
for space transportation services 
‘‘It is the policy of the United States that, to foster 
the competitive development, operation, improvement, and 
commercial availability of space transportation services, 
and to minimize the life cycle cost to the Administration, 
the Administrator shall procure services for Federal Gov-
ernment access to and return from the International 
Space Station, whenever practicable, via fair and open 
competition for well-defined, milestone-based, Federal Ac-
quisition 
Regulation-based 
contracts 
under 
section 
71511(a) of this title. 
‘‘§ 51705. Transparency 
‘‘The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent prac-
ticable and in a manner that does not add costs or sched-
ule delays to the program, ensure all Commercial Crew 
Program and Commercial Resupply Services Program pro-
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viders provide evidence-based support for their costs and 
schedules.’’. 
(v) REVISION OF SECTION 60304.— 
(1) REVISION OF SECTION.—Section 60304 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘Program evaluation’’ and inserting ‘‘Ad-
visory committee’’; 
(B) in subsection (a)— 
(i) by striking the subsection designa-
tion ‘‘(a)’’ and the subsection heading 
‘‘ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘(5 App. U.S.C.),’’ 
and inserting ‘‘(5 U.S.C. App.),’’; and 
(C) by striking subsection (b). 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—The chapter 
table of contents of chapter 603 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the item relat-
ing to section 60304 and inserting the following: 
‘‘60304. Advisory committee.’’. 
(w) ENACTMENT
OF SECTIONS 60507 THROUGH 
60510.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 605 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
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‘‘60507. Interagency collaboration implementation approach. 
‘‘60508. Transitioning experimental research to operations. 
‘‘60509. Decadal Survey missions implementation for Earth observation. 
‘‘60510. Instrument testbeds and venture class missions.’’. 
(2) ENACTMENT OF SECTIONS.—Chapter 605 
of title 51, United States Code, is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 60507. Interagency collaboration implementation 
approach 
‘‘The Director of the Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy shall establish a mechanism to ensure great-
er coordination of the research, operations, and activities 
relating to civilian Earth observation of Federal agencies, 
including the Administration, that have active programs 
that contribute either directly or indirectly to those areas. 
The mechanism should include the development of a stra-
tegic implementation plan that is updated at least every 
3 years with a process for external independent advisory 
input. The strategic implementation plan should include— 
‘‘(1) a description of the responsibilities of the 
various Federal agency roles in Earth observations; 
‘‘(2) recommended cost-sharing and procure-
ment arrangements between Federal agencies and 
other entities, including international arrangements; 
and 
‘‘(3) a plan for ensuring the provision of sus-
tained, long-term space-based climate observations. 
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‘‘§ 60508. Transitioning experimental research to op-
erations 
‘‘Based on the implementation plan provided to Con-
gress in March 2011, the Administrator shall coordinate 
with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration and the Director of the United 
States Geological Survey to establish a formal mechanism 
that plans, coordinates, and supports the transitioning of 
the research findings, assets, and capabilities of the Ad-
ministration to the operations of the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration and the United States Geo-
logical Survey. In defining the mechanism, the Adminis-
tration should consider the establishment of a formal or 
informal interagency transition office. 
‘‘§ 60509. Decadal Survey missions implementation 
for Earth observation 
‘‘The Administrator shall undertake to implement, as 
appropriate, missions identified in the National Research 
Council’s Earth Science Decadal Survey within the scope 
of the funds authorized for the Earth Science Mission Di-
rectorate. 
‘‘§ 60510. Instrument testbeds and venture class mis-
sions 
‘‘The Administrator shall pursue innovative ways to 
fly instrument-level payloads for early demonstration or 
as co-manifested payloads. Congress encourages the use 
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of the International Space Station as an accessible plat-
form for the conduct of such activities. Additionally, in 
order to address the cost and schedule challenges associ-
ated with large flight systems, the Administrator should 
pursue smaller systems to the extent practicable and war-
ranted.’’. 
(x) REVISION OF CHAPTER 709.— 
(1) CHAPTER
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS.—The 
chapter table of contents of chapter 709 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘70908. Continuation of the International Space Station. 
‘‘70909. Maximum utilization of the International Space Station. 
‘‘70910. Operation, maintenance, and maximum utilization of United States seg-
ment. 
‘‘70911. Management of national laboratory. 
‘‘70912. Primary objectives of International Space Station program.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL
AMENDMENT
TO
SECTION 
70902.—Section 70902 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ‘‘section 40904’’ and 
inserting ‘‘section 49904’’. 
(3) TECHNICAL
AMENDMENT
TO
SECTION 
70903.—Section 70903(1) of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ‘‘section 40904’’ and 
inserting ‘‘section 49904’’. 
(4) TECHNICAL
AMENDMENTS
TO
SECTION 
70904.—Section 70904 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended— 
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(A) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘sec-
tion 40904’’ and inserting ‘‘section 49904’’; 
(B) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘Com-
mittee on Science and Technology’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology’’; and 
(C) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ‘‘Com-
mittee on Science and Technology’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology’’. 
(5) ENACTMENT OF SECTIONS 70908 THROUGH 
70912.—Chapter 709 of title 51, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 70908. Continuation of the International Space 
Station 
‘‘(a) POLICY.—It shall be the policy of the United 
States, in consultation with its international partners in 
the International Space Station program, to support full 
and complete utilization of the International Space Station 
through at least 2024. 
‘‘(b) ACTIONS.—In furtherance of the policy set forth 
in subsection (a), the Administration shall— 
‘‘(1) pursue international, commercial, and 
intragovernmental means to maximize International 
Space Station logistics supply, maintenance, and 
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operational capabilities, reduce risks to International 
Space Station systems sustainability, and offset and 
minimize United States operations costs relating to 
the International Space Station; 
‘‘(2) utilize, to the extent practicable, the Inter-
national Space Station for the development of capa-
bilities and technologies needed for the future of 
human space exploration beyond low-Earth orbit; 
and 
‘‘(3) utilize, if practical and cost effective, the 
International Space Station for Science Mission Di-
rectorate missions in low-Earth orbit. 
‘‘§ 70909. Maximum utilization of the International 
Space Station 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—With assembly of the Inter-
national Space Station complete, the Administration shall 
take steps to maximize the productivity and use of the 
International Space Station with respect to scientific and 
technological research and development, advancement of 
space exploration, and international collaboration. 
‘‘(b) ACTIONS.—In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administration shall, at a minimum, undertake the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) INNOVATIVE USE OF U.S. SEGMENT.—The 
United States segment of the International Space 
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Station, which has been designated as a national 
laboratory, shall be developed, managed, and utilized 
in a manner that enables the effective and innovative 
use of the facility, as provided in section 70911 of 
this title. 
‘‘(2) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.— 
‘‘(A) 
DEFINITION
OF
NEAR-EARTH 
SPACE.—In this paragraph, the term ‘near- 
Earth space’ means the region of space that in-
cludes low-Earth orbit and extends out to and 
includes geo-synchronous orbit. 
‘‘(B) USE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA-
TION.—The International Space Station shall 
continue to be utilized as a key component of 
international efforts to build missions and capa-
bilities that further the development of a 
human presence beyond near-Earth space and 
advance United States security and economic 
goals. The Administrator shall actively seek 
ways to encourage and enable the use of Inter-
national Space Station capabilities to support 
those efforts. 
‘‘(3) DOMESTIC
COLLABORATION.—The oper-
ations, management, and utilization of the Inter-
national Space Station shall be conducted in a man-
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ner that provides opportunities for collaboration with 
other research programs and objectives of the 
United States Government in cooperation with com-
mercial suppliers, users, and developers. 
‘‘§ 70910. Operation, maintenance, and maximum uti-
lization of United States segment 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall take all 
actions necessary to ensure the safe and effective oper-
ation, maintenance, and maximum utilization of the 
United States segment of the International Space Station 
through at least September 30, 2024. 
‘‘(b) PLANNING, MANAGEMENT, AND SUPPORT.— 
Utilization of research facilities and capabilities aboard 
the International Space Station (other than exploration- 
related research and technology development facilities and 
capabilities, and associated ground support and logistics) 
shall be planned, managed, and supported as provided in 
section 70911 of this title. Exploration-related research 
and technology development facilities, capabilities, and as-
sociated ground support and logistics shall be planned, 
managed, and supported by the appropriate Administra-
tion organizations and officials in a manner that does not 
interfere with other activities under section 70911 of this 
title. 
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‘‘§ 70911. Management of national laboratory 
‘‘(a) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH NOT-FOR- 
PROFIT ORGANIZATION FOR MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL 
LABORATORY.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
provide initial financial assistance and enter into a 
cooperative agreement with an appropriate organiza-
tion that is exempt from taxation under section 
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 
U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) to manage the activities of the 
International Space Station national laboratory in 
accordance with this section. 
‘‘(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The organization with 
which the Administrator enters into the cooperative 
agreement shall develop the capabilities to imple-
ment research and development projects utilizing the 
International Space Station national laboratory and 
to otherwise manage the activities of the Inter-
national Space Station national laboratory. 
‘‘(3) PROHIBITION
ON
OTHER
ACTIVITIES.— 
The cooperative agreement shall require the organi-
zation entering into the agreement to engage exclu-
sively in activities relating to the management of the 
International Space Station national laboratory and 
activities that promote its long-term research and 
development mission as required by this section, 
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without any other organizational objectives or re-
sponsibilities on behalf of the organization or any 
parent organization or other entity. 
‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATION LIAISON.— 
‘‘(1) DESIGNATION.—The Administrator shall 
designate an official or employee of the Space Oper-
ations Mission Directorate of the Administration to 
act as liaison between the Administration and the 
organization with which the Administrator enters 
into a cooperative agreement under subsection (a) 
with regard to the management of the International 
Space Station national laboratory. 
‘‘(2) CONSULTATION WITH LIAISON.—The coop-
erative agreement shall require the organization en-
tering into the agreement to carry out its respon-
sibilities under the agreement in cooperation and 
consultation with the official or employee designated 
under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(c) PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF NATIONAL 
LABORATORY
RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES.—The Adminis-
trator shall provide initial financial assistance to the orga-
nization with which the Administrator enters into a coop-
erative agreement under subsection (a), in order for the 
organization to initiate the following: 
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‘‘(1) Planning and coordination of the Inter-
national Space Station national laboratory research 
activities. 
‘‘(2) Development and implementation of guide-
lines, selection criteria, and flight support require-
ments for non-Administration scientific utilization of 
International Space Station research capabilities and 
facilities available in United States-owned modules 
of the International Space Station or in partner- 
owned facilities of the International Space Station 
allocated to United States utilization by inter-
national agreement. 
‘‘(3) Interaction with and integration of the 
International Space Station National Laboratory 
Advisory Committee established under section 70906 
of this title with the governance of the organization, 
and review of recommendations provided by that 
Committee regarding agreements with non-Adminis-
tration departments and agencies of the United 
States Government, academic institutions and con-
sortia, and commercial entities leading to the utiliza-
tion of the International Space Station national lab-
oratory facilities. 
‘‘(4) Coordination of transportation require-
ments in support of the International Space Station 
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national laboratory research and development objec-
tives, including provision for delivery of instruments, 
logistics support, and related experiment materials, 
and provision for return to Earth of collected sam-
ples, materials, and scientific instruments in need of 
replacement or upgrade. 
‘‘(5) Cooperation with the Administration, other 
departments and agencies of the United States Gov-
ernment, the States, and commercial entities in en-
suring the enhancement and sustained operations of 
non-exploration-related research payload ground 
support facilities for the International Space Sta-
tion, including the Space Life Sciences Laboratory, 
the Space Station Processing Facility, and the Pay-
load Operations Integration Center. 
‘‘(6) Development and implementation of sci-
entific outreach and education activities designed to 
ensure effective utilization of International Space 
Station research capabilities, including the conduct 
of scientific assemblies, conferences, and other fora 
for the presentation of research findings, methods, 
and mechanisms for the dissemination of non-re-
stricted research findings and the development of 
educational programs, course supplements, and 
interaction with educational programs at all grade 
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levels, including student-focused research opportuni-
ties for conduct of research in the International 
Space Station national laboratory facilities. 
‘‘(7) Other matters relating to the utilization of 
the International Space Station national laboratory 
facilities for research and development as the Ad-
ministrator considers appropriate. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND INTE-
GRATION OF RESEARCH PAYLOADS.— 
‘‘(1) ALLOCATION
OF
INTERNATIONAL
SPACE 
STATION RESEARCH CAPACITY.—International Space 
Station national laboratory managed experiments 
shall be guaranteed access to, and utilization of, not 
less than 50 percent of the United States research 
capacity allocation, including power, cold stowage, 
and requisite crew time onboard the International 
Space Station through at least September 30, 2024. 
Access to the International Space Station research 
capacity includes provision for the adequate upmass 
and downmass capabilities to utilize the Inter-
national Space Station research capacity, as avail-
able. The Administrator may allocate additional ca-
pacity to the International Space Station national 
laboratory should such capacity be in excess of Ad-
ministration research requirements. 
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‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL RESEARCH CAPABILITIES.—If 
any Administration research plan is determined to 
require research capacity onboard the International 
Space Station beyond the percentage allocated under 
paragraph (1), the research plan shall be prepared 
in the form of a requested research opportunity to 
be submitted to the process established under this 
section for the consideration of proposed research 
within the capacity allocated to the International 
Space Station national laboratory. A proposal for 
such a research plan may include the establishment 
of partnerships with non-Administration institutions 
eligible to propose research to be conducted within 
the International Space Station national laboratory 
capacity. Until at least September 30, 2024, the of-
ficial or employee designated under subsection (b) 
may grant an exception to this requirement in the 
case of a proposed experiment considered essential 
for purposes of preparing for exploration beyond 
low-Earth orbit, as determined by joint agreement 
between the organization with which the Adminis-
trator enters into a cooperative agreement under 
subsection (a) and the official or employee des-
ignated under subsection (b). 
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‘‘(3) RESEARCH
PRIORITIES
AND
ENHANCED 
CAPACITY.—The organization with which the Admin-
istrator enters into the cooperative agreement shall 
consider recommendations of the National Acad-
emies Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical 
Sciences in Space in establishing research priorities 
and in developing proposed enhancements of re-
search capacity and opportunities for the Inter-
national Space Station national laboratory. 
‘‘(4) RESPONSIBILITY
FOR
RESEARCH
PAY-
LOAD.—The Administration shall retain its roles and 
responsibilities in providing research payload phys-
ical, analytical, and operations integration during 
pre-flight, post-flight, transportation, and orbital 
phases essential to ensure safe and effective flight 
readiness and vehicle integration of research activi-
ties approved and prioritized by the organization 
with which the Administrator enters into the cooper-
ative agreement and the official or employee des-
ignated under subsection (b). 
‘‘§ 70912. Primary objectives of International Space 
Station program 
‘‘The primary objectives of the International Space 
Station program shall be— 
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‘‘(1) to achieve the long term goal and objec-
tives under section 71512 of this title; and 
‘‘(2) to pursue a research program that ad-
vances knowledge and provides other benefits to the 
Nation.’’. 
(y) REVISION OF SECTION 71102.—Section 71102(1) 
of title 51, United States Code, is amended by striking 
‘‘attaching a tracking device,’’ and inserting ‘‘attaching a 
tracking device to,’’. 
(z) ENACTMENT OF CHAPTER 715.—Title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after chapter 713 the 
following: 
‘‘CHAPTER 715—HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT 
AND EXPLORATION 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘71501. Definitions. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—POLICY, GOALS, AND OBJECTIVES 
‘‘71511. Human space flight policy. 
‘‘71512. Goals and objectives. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER III—EXPANSION OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT BEYOND THE 
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND LOW-EARTH ORBIT 
‘‘71521. Space Launch System as follow-on launch vehicle to the space shuttle. 
‘‘71522. Multipurpose crew vehicle. 
‘‘71523. Utilization of existing workforce and assets in development of Space 
Launch System and multipurpose crew vehicle. 
‘‘71524. Launch support and infrastructure modernization program. 
‘‘71525. Development of technologies and in-space capabilities for beyond near- 
Earth space missions. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER IV—SPACE SCIENCE 
‘‘71541. Technology development. 
‘‘71542. Suborbital research activities. 
‘‘71543. In-space servicing. 
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‘‘71544. Ongoing restoration of radioisotope thermoelectric generator material 
production. 
‘‘71545. Coordinated approach for robotic missions. 
‘‘71546. Near-Earth object survey and policy with respect to threats posed. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘§ 71501. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter: 
‘‘(1) CIS-LUNAR
SPACE.—The term ‘cis-lunar 
space’ means the region of space from the Earth out 
to and including the region around the surface of 
the Moon. 
‘‘(2) DEEP
SPACE.—The term ‘deep space’ 
means the region of space beyond cis-lunar space. 
‘‘(3) NEAR-EARTH
SPACE.—The term ‘near- 
Earth space’ means the region of space that includes 
low-Earth orbit and extends out to and includes geo- 
synchronous orbit. 
‘‘(4) SPACE
LAUNCH
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘Space Launch System’ means the follow-on Govern-
ment-owned civil launch system developed, managed, 
and operated by the Administration to serve as a 
key component to expand human presence beyond 
low-Earth orbit. 
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‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—POLICY, GOALS, AND 
OBJECTIVES 
‘‘§ 71511. Human space flight policy 
‘‘(a) USE OF NON-UNITED STATES HUMAN SPACE 
FLIGHT TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) COMMERCIAL PROVIDER.—The term 
‘commercial provider’ means any person pro-
viding human space flight transportation serv-
ices, primary control of which is held by persons 
other than the Federal Government, a State or 
local government, or a foreign government. 
‘‘(B) QUALIFIED FOREIGN ENTITY.—The 
term ‘qualified foreign entity’ means a foreign 
entity that is in compliance with all applicable 
safety standards and is not prohibited from 
providing space transportation services under 
other law. 
‘‘(C) UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL PRO-
VIDER.—The term ‘United States commercial 
provider’ means a commercial provider, orga-
nized under the laws of the United States or of 
a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by 
United States nationals. 
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‘‘(2) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Government 
may not acquire human space flight transportation 
services from a foreign entity unless— 
‘‘(A) no United States Government-oper-
ated human space flight capability is available; 
‘‘(B) no United States commercial provider 
is available; and 
‘‘(C) it is a qualified foreign entity. 
‘‘(3) ARRANGEMENTS
WITH
FOREIGN
ENTI-
TIES.—Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the 
Administrator from negotiating or entering into 
human space flight transportation arrangements 
with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and 
continued International Space Station operations. 
‘‘(b) UNITED STATES HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT CAPA-
BILITIES.—Congress reaffirms the policy stated in section 
70501(a) of this title that the United States shall main-
tain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight 
and operations in low-Earth orbit, and beyond, as an es-
sential instrument of national security and of the capacity 
to ensure continued United States participation and lead-
ership in the exploration and utilization of space. 
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‘‘§ 71512. Goals and objectives 
‘‘(a) LONG-TERM GOALS.—The long-term goals of 
the human space flight and exploration efforts of the Ad-
ministration shall be— 
‘‘(1) to expand permanent human presence be-
yond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where practical, 
in a manner involving international, academic, and 
industry partners; 
‘‘(2) crewed missions and progress toward 
achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable the po-
tential for subsequent human exploration and the ex-
tension of human presence throughout the solar sys-
tem; and 
‘‘(3) to enable a capability to extend human 
presence, including potential human habitation on 
another celestial body and a thriving space economy 
in the 21st century. 
‘‘(b) KEY OBJECTIVES.—The key objectives of the 
United States for human expansion into space shall be— 
‘‘(1) to sustain the capability for long-duration 
presence in low-Earth orbit, initially through con-
tinuation of the International Space Station and full 
utilization of the United States segment of the 
International Space Station as a national laboratory, 
and through assisting and enabling an expanded 
commercial presence in, and access to, low-Earth 
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orbit, as elements of a low-Earth orbit infrastruc-
ture; 
‘‘(2) to determine whether humans can live for 
extended periods in space with decreasing reliance 
on Earth, starting with utilization of low-Earth orbit 
infrastructure, to— 
‘‘(A) identify potential roles that space re-
sources such as energy and materials can play; 
‘‘(B) meet national and global needs and 
challenges such as potential cataclysmic threats; 
and 
‘‘(C) explore the viability of and lay the 
foundation for sustainable economic activities in 
space; 
‘‘(3) to maximize the role that human explo-
ration of space can play in— 
‘‘(A) advancing overall knowledge of the 
universe; 
‘‘(B) supporting United States national 
and economic security and the United States 
global competitive posture; and 
‘‘(C) inspiring young people in their edu-
cational pursuits; 
‘‘(4) to build on the cooperative and mutually 
beneficial framework established by the International 
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Space Station partnership agreements and experi-
ence in developing and undertaking programs and 
meeting objectives designed to realize the goal of 
human space flight set forth in subsection (a); and 
‘‘(5) to achieve human exploration of Mars and 
beyond through the prioritization of those tech-
nologies and capabilities best suited for such a mis-
sion in accordance with the stepping stone approach 
to exploration under section 70504 of this title. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER 
III—EXPANSION 
OF 
HUMAN 
SPACE 
FLIGHT 
BEYOND 
THE 
INTER-
NATIONAL 
SPACE 
STATION 
AND 
LOW- 
EARTH ORBIT 
‘‘§ 71521. Space Launch System as follow-on launch 
vehicle to the space shuttle 
‘‘(a) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United States 
that the Administration develop a Space Launch System 
as a follow-on to the space shuttle that can access cis- 
lunar space and the regions of space beyond low-Earth 
orbit in order to enable the United States to participate 
in global efforts to access and develop that increasingly 
strategic region. 
‘‘(b) INITIATION OF DEVELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—As soon as practicable 
after October 11, 2010, the Administrator shall ini-
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tiate development of a Space Launch System meet-
ing the minimum capability requirements specified 
in subsection (c). 
‘‘(2) 
MODIFICATION
OF
CURRENT
CON-
TRACTS.—In order to limit the Administration’s ter-
mination liability costs and support critical capabili-
ties, the Administrator shall, to the extent prac-
ticable, extend or modify existing (as of October 11, 
2010) vehicle development and associated contracts 
necessary to meet the requirement in paragraph (1), 
including contracts for ground testing of solid rocket 
motors, if necessary, to ensure their availability for 
development of the Space Launch System. 
‘‘(c) MINIMUM CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Space Launch System 
developed pursuant to subsection (b) shall be de-
signed to have, at a minimum, the following: 
‘‘(A) The initial capability of the core ele-
ments, without an upper stage, of lifting pay-
loads weighing between 70 and 100 tons into 
low-Earth orbit in preparation for transit for 
missions beyond low-Earth orbit. 
‘‘(B) The capability to carry an integrated 
upper Earth departure stage bringing the total 
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lift capability of the Space Launch System to 
130 tons or more. 
‘‘(C) The capability to lift the multipur-
pose crew vehicle. 
‘‘(D) The capability to serve as a backup 
system for supplying and supporting Inter-
national Space Station cargo delivery require-
ments or crew delivery requirements not other-
wise met by available commercial or partner- 
supplied vehicles. 
‘‘(E) The capacity for efficient and timely 
evolution, including the incorporation of new 
technologies, competition of sub-elements, and 
commercial operations. 
‘‘(2) FLEXIBILITY.—The Space Launch System 
shall be designed from inception as a fully integrated 
vehicle capable of carrying a total payload of 130 
tons or more into low-Earth orbit in preparation for 
transit for missions beyond low-Earth orbit. The 
Space Launch System shall, to the extent prac-
ticable, incorporate capabilities for evolutionary 
growth to carry heavier payloads. Developmental 
work and testing of the core elements and the upper 
stage should proceed in parallel subject to appropria-
tions. Priority should be placed on the core elements 
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with the goal for operational capability for the core 
elements not later than December 31, 2016. 
‘‘(3) TRANSITION NEEDS.—The Administrator 
shall ensure that critical skills and capabilities are 
retained, modified, and developed, as appropriate, in 
areas relating to solid and liquid engines, large di-
ameter fuel tanks, rocket propulsion, and other 
ground test capabilities for an effective transition to 
the follow-on Space Launch System. 
‘‘§ 71522. Multipurpose crew vehicle 
‘‘(a) INITIATION OF DEVELOPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
continue the development of a multipurpose crew ve-
hicle to be available as soon as practicable, and no 
later than for use with the Space Launch System. 
The vehicle shall continue to advance development of 
the human safety features, designs, and systems in 
the Orion project. 
‘‘(2) GOAL FOR OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY.—It 
shall be the goal to achieve full operational capa-
bility for the transportation vehicle developed pursu-
ant to this subsection by not later than December 
31, 2016. For purposes of meeting such goal, the 
Administrator may undertake a test of the transpor-
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114 
‘‘(c) TRANSPARENCY.—The Administrator shall pub-
licly disclose on the Administration’s website and make 
available in a searchable format each Space Act Agree-
ment, including an estimate of committed Administration 
resources and the expected benefits to Administration ob-
jectives for each agreement, with appropriate redactions 
for proprietary, sensitive, or classified information, not 
later than 60 days after such agreement is signed by the 
parties. 
‘‘(d) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 90 days 
after the end of each fiscal year, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress a report on the use of Space Act Agreement 
authority by the Administration during the previous 
fiscal year. 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The report shall include for 
each Space Act Agreement in effect at the time of 
the report— 
‘‘(A) an indication of whether the agree-
ment is a reimbursable, non-reimbursable, or 
funded Space Act Agreement; 
‘‘(B) a description of— 
‘‘(i) the subject and terms; 
‘‘(ii) the parties; 
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