Wildlife Trafficking published on February 11, 2014, 
a modification of that strategy, or a successor strat-
egy. 
(9) NATIONAL WILDLIFE SERVICES.—The term 
‘‘national wildlife services’’ refers to the ministries 
and government bodies designated to manage matters 
pertaining to wildlife management, including poach-
ing or trafficking, in a focus country. 
(10) SECURITY
FORCE.—The term ‘‘security 
force’’ means a military, law enforcement, gendar-
merie, park ranger, or any other security force with 
a responsibility for protecting wildlife and natural 
habitats. 
(11) TASK
FORCE.—The term ‘‘Task Force’’ 
means the Presidential Task Force on Wildlife Traf-
ficking, as established by Executive Order 13648 (78 
Fed. Reg. 40621) and modified by section 201. 
(12) WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING.—The term ‘‘wild-
life trafficking’’ refers to the poaching or other illegal 
taking of protected or managed species and the illegal 
trade in wildlife and their related parts and products. 
TITLE I—PURPOSES AND POLICY 
SEC. 101. PURPOSES. 
The purposes of this Act are— 
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(1) to support a collaborative, interagency ap-
proach to address wildlife trafficking; 
(2) to protect and conserve the remaining popu-
lations of wild elephants, rhinoceroses, and other spe-
cies threatened by poaching and the illegal wildlife 
trade; 
(3) to disrupt regional and global transnational 
organized criminal networks and to prevent the ille-
gal wildlife trade from being used as a source of fi-
nancing for criminal groups that undermine United 
States and global security interests; 
(4) to prevent wildlife poaching and trafficking 
from being a means to make a living in focus coun-
tries; 
(5) to support the efforts of, and collaborate with, 
individuals, communities, local organizations, and 
foreign governments to combat poaching and wildlife 
trafficking; 
(6) to assist focus countries in implementation of 
national wildlife anti-trafficking and poaching laws; 
and 
(7) to ensure that United States assistance to 
prevent and suppress illicit wildlife trafficking is 
carefully planned and coordinated, and that it is sys-
tematically and rationally prioritized on the basis of 
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detailed analysis of the nature and severity of threats 
to wildlife and the willingness and ability of foreign 
partners to cooperate effectively toward these ends. 
SEC. 102. STATEMENT OF UNITED STATES POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to take immediate actions to stop the illegal 
global trade in wildlife and wildlife products and as-
sociated transnational organized crime; 
(2) to provide technical and other forms of as-
sistance to help focus countries halt the poaching of 
elephants, rhinoceroses, and other imperiled species 
and end the illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife 
products, including by providing training and assist-
ance in— 
(A) wildlife protection and management of 
wildlife populations; 
(B) anti-poaching and effective manage-
ment of protected areas including community 
managed and privately-owned lands; 
(C) local engagement of security forces in 
anti-poaching 
responsibilities, 
where 
appro-
priate; 
(D) wildlife trafficking investigative tech-
niques, including forensic tools; 
(E) transparency and corruption issues; 
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(F) management, tracking, and inventory of 
confiscated wildlife contraband; 
(G) demand reduction strategies in coun-
tries that lack the means and resources to con-
duct them; and 
(H) bilateral and multilateral agreements 
and cooperation; 
(3) to employ appropriate assets and resources of 
the United States Government in a coordinated man-
ner to curtail poaching and disrupt and dismantle il-
legal wildlife trade networks and the financing of 
those networks in a manner appropriate for each 
focus country; 
(4) to build upon the National Strategy and Im-
plementation Plan to further combat wildlife traf-
ficking in a holistic manner and guide the response 
of the United States Government to ensure progress in 
the fight against wildlife trafficking; and 
(5) to recognize the ties of wildlife trafficking to 
broader forms of transnational organized criminal ac-
tivities, including trafficking, and where applicable, 
to focus on those crimes in a coordinated, cross-cut-
ting manner. 
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TITLE II—REPORT ON MAJOR 
WILDLIFE 
TRAFFICKING 
COUNTRIES 
SEC. 201. REPORT. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the 
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of 
the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, shall submit 
to Congress a report that lists each country determined by 
the Secretary of State to be a focus country within the 
meaning of this Act. 
(b) SPECIAL DESIGNATION.—In each report required 
under subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Com-
merce, shall identify each country listed in the report that 
also constitutes a country of concern (as defined in section 
2(4)) . 
(c) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the date 
that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
TITLE III—FRAMEWORK FOR 
INTERAGENCY RESPONSE 
SEC. 301. PRESIDENTIAL TASK FORCE ON WILDLIFE TRAF-
FICKING. 
(a) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In addition to the functions 
required by Executive Order 13648 (78 Fed. Reg. 40621), 
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the Task Force shall be informed by the Secretary of State’s 
annual report required under section 201 and considering 
all available information, ensure that relevant United 
States Government agencies— 
(1) collaborate, to the greatest extent practicable, 
with the national wildlife services, or other relevant 
bodies of each focus country to prepare, not later than 
90 days after the date of submission of the report re-
quired under section 201(a), a United States mission 
assessment of the threats to wildlife in that focus 
country and an assessment of the capacity of that 
country to address wildlife trafficking; 
(2) collaborate, to the greatest extent practicable, 
with relevant ministries, national wildlife services, or 
other relevant bodies of each focus country to prepare, 
not later than 180 days after preparation of the as-
sessment referred to in paragraph (1), a United 
States mission strategic plan that includes rec-
ommendations for addressing wildlife trafficking, tak-
ing into account any regional or national strategies 
for addressing wildlife trafficking in a focus country 
developed before the preparation of such assessment; 
(3) coordinate efforts among United States Fed-
eral agencies and non-Federal partners, including 
missions, domestic and international organizations, 
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the private sector, and other global partners, to imple-
ment the strategic plans required by paragraph (2) in 
each focus country; 
(4) not less frequently than annually, consult 
and coordinate with stakeholders qualified to provide 
advice, assistance, and information regarding effective 
support for anti-poaching activities, coordination of 
regional law enforcement efforts, development of and 
support for effective legal enforcement mechanisms, 
and development of strategies to reduce illicit trade 
and reduce consumer demand for illegally traded 
wildlife and wildlife products, and other relevant top-
ics under this Act; and 
(5) coordinate or carry out other functions as 
are necessary to implement this Act. 
(b) DUPLICATION AND EFFICIENCY.—The Task Force 
shall— 
(1) ensure that the activities of the Federal agen-
cies involved in carrying out efforts under this Act 
are coordinated and not duplicated; and 
(2) encourage efficiencies and coordination 
among the efforts of Federal agencies and interagency 
initiatives ongoing as of the date of the enactment of 
this Act to address trafficking activities, including 
trafficking of wildlife, humans, weapons, and nar-
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cotics, illegal trade, transnational organized crime, or 
other illegal activities. 
(c) CONSISTENCY WITH AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.— 
The Task Force shall carry out its responsibilities under 
this Act in a manner consistent with the authorities and 
responsibilities of agencies represented on the Task Force. 
(d) TASK FORCE STRATEGIC REVIEW.—One year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually there-
after, the Task Force shall submit a strategic assessment 
of its work and provide a briefing to the appropriate con-
gressional committees that shall include— 
(1) a review and assessment of the Task Force’s 
implementation of this Act, identifying successes, fail-
ures, and gaps in its work, or that of agencies rep-
resented on the Task Force, including detailed de-
scriptions of— 
(A) what approaches, initiatives, or pro-
grams have succeeded best in increasing the will-
ingness and capacity of focus countries to sup-
press and prevent illegal wildlife trafficking, and 
what approaches, initiatives, or programs have 
not succeeded as well as hoped; and 
(B) which foreign governments subject to 
subsections (a) and (b) of section 201 have prov-
en to be the most successful partners in sup-
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pressing and preventing illegal wildlife traf-
ficking, which focus countries have not proven to 
be so, and what factors contributed to these re-
sults in each country discussed; 
(2) a description of each Task Force member 
agency’s priorities and objectives for combating wild-
life trafficking; 
(3) an account of total United States funding 
each year since fiscal year 2014 for all government 
agencies and programs involved in countering poach-
ing and wildlife trafficking; 
(4) an account of total United States funding 
since fiscal year 2014 to support the activities of the 
Task Force, including administrative overhead costs 
and congressional reporting; and 
(5) recommendations for how to improve United 
States and international efforts to suppress and pre-
vent illegal wildlife trafficking in the future, based 
upon the Task Force’s experience as of the time of the 
review. 
(e) TERMINATION OF TASK FORCE.—The statutory au-
thorization for the Task Force provided by this Act shall 
terminate 5 years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act or such earlier date that the President terminates the 
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Task Force by rescinding, superseding, or otherwise modi-
fying relevant portions of Executive Order 13648. 
TITLE 
IV—PROGRAMS 
TO 
AD-
DRESS 
THE 
ESCALATING 
WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING CRI-
SIS 
SEC. 401. ANTI-POACHING PROGRAMS. 
(a) WILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONAL 
TRAINING AND COORDINATION ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, in collaboration with the 
heads of other relevant United States agencies and non-
governmental partners where appropriate, may provide as-
sistance to focus countries to carry out the recommendations 
made in the strategic plan required by section 301(a)(2), 
among other goals, to improve the effectiveness of wildlife 
law enforcement in regions and countries that have dem-
onstrated capacity, willingness, and need for assistance. 
(b) AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE SECURITY ASSISTANCE 
TO COUNTER WILDLIFE TRAFFICKING AND POACHING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to 
provide defense articles, defense services, and related 
training to security forces of focus countries for the 
purpose of countering wildlife trafficking and poach-
ing where appropriate. 
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(2) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.— 
(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—Assistance 
provided 
under paragraph (1) may include intelligence 
and surveillance assets, communications and 
electronic equipment, mobility assets, night vi-
sion and thermal imaging devices, and organiza-
tional clothing and individual equipment, pur-
suant to the applicable provision of the Arms 
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) or 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 et seq.). 
(B) 
LIMITATION.—Assistance 
provided 
under paragraph (1) may not include significant 
military equipment. 
(3) SPECIAL RULE.—Assistance provided under 
paragraph (1) shall be in addition to any other as-
sistance provided to the countries under any other 
provision of law. 
(4) PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—No assistance may be 
provided under subsection (b) to a unit of a secu-
rity force if the President determines that the 
unit has been found to engage in wildlife traf-
ficking or poaching. 
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(B) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition in sub-
paragraph (A) shall not apply with respect to a 
unit of a security force of a country if the Presi-
dent determines that the government of the coun-
try is taking effective steps to hold the unit ac-
countable and prevent the unit from engaging in 
trafficking and poaching. 
(5) CERTIFICATION.—With respect to any assist-
ance provided pursuant to this subsection, the Sec-
retary of State shall certify to the Committee on For-
eign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives that 
such assistance is necessary for the purposes of com-
bating wildlife trafficking. 
(6) NOTIFICATION.—Consistent with the require-
ments of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2751 et seq.) and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), the Secretary of State shall 
notify the appropriate congressional committees re-
garding defense articles, defense services, and related 
training provided under paragraph (1). 
SEC. 402. ANTI-TRAFFICKING PROGRAMS. 
(a) INVESTIGATIVE CAPACITY BUILDING.—The Sec-
retary of State and the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, in collaboration 
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with the heads of other relevant United States agencies and 
communities, regions, and governments in focus countries, 
may design and implement programs in focus countries to 
carry out the recommendations made in the strategic plan 
required under section 301(a)(2) among other goals, with 
clear and measurable targets and indicators of success, to 
increase the capacity of wildlife law enforcement and cus-
toms and border security officers in focus countries. 
(b) TRANSNATIONAL PROGRAMS.—The Secretary of 
State and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, in collaboration with other 
relevant United States agencies, nongovernmental partners, 
and international bodies, and in collaboration with commu-
nities, regions, and governments in focus countries, may de-
sign and implement programs, including support for Wild-
life Enforcement Networks, in focus countries to carry out 
the recommendations made in the strategic plan required 
under section 301(a)(2), among other goals, to better under-
stand and combat the transnational trade in illegal wild-
life. 
SEC. 403. ENGAGEMENT OF UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC 
MISSIONS. 
As soon as practicable but not later than 2 years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, each chief of mission 
to a focus country should begin to implement the rec-
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ommendations contained in the strategic plan required 
under section 301(a)(2), among other goals, for the country. 
SEC. 404. COMMUNITY CONSERVATION. 
The Secretary of State, in collaboration with the 
United State Agency for International Development, heads 
of other relevant United States agencies, the private sector, 
nongovernmental organizations, and other development 
partners, may provide support in focus countries to carry 
out the recommendations made in the strategic plan re-
quired under section 301(a)(2) as such recommendations re-
late to the development, scaling, and replication of commu-
nity wildlife conservancies and community conservation 
programs in focus countries to assist with rural stability 
and greater security for people and wildlife, empower and 
support communities to manage or benefit from their wild-
life resources sustainably, and reduce the threat of poaching 
and trafficking, including through— 
(1) promoting conservation-based enterprises and 
incentives, such as eco-tourism and sustainable agri-
cultural production, that empower communities to 
manage wildlife, natural resources, and community 
ventures where appropriate, by ensuring they benefit 
from well-managed wildlife populations; 
(2) helping create alternative livelihoods to 
poaching by mitigating wildlife trafficking, helping 
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support rural stability, greater security for people 
and wildlife, sustainable economic development, and 
economic incentives to conserve wildlife populations; 
(3) engaging regional businesses and the private 
sector to develop goods and services to aid in anti- 
poaching and anti-trafficking measures; 
(4) working with communities to develop secure 
and safe methods of sharing information with enforce-
ment officials; 
(5) providing technical assistance to support sus-
tainable land use plans to improve the economic, en-
vironmental, and social outcomes in community- 
owned or -managed lands; 
(6) supporting community anti-poaching efforts, 
including policing and informant networks; 
(7) working with community and national gov-
ernments to develop relevant policy and regulatory 
frameworks to enable and promote community con-
servation programs, including supporting law en-
forcement engagement with wildlife protection au-
thorities to promote information-sharing; and 
(8) working with national governments to ensure 
that communities have timely and effective support 
from national authorities to mitigate risks that com-
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munities may face when engaging in anti-poaching 
and anti-trafficking activities. 
TITLE V—TRANSITION OF OVER-
SEAS 
CONTINGENCY 
FUND-
ING TO BASE FUNDING 
SEC. 501. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON FUNDING. 
It is the sense of Congress that the President and Con-
gress should provide for an appropriate and responsible 
transition for funding designated for overseas contingency 
operations to traditional and regular annual appropria-
tions, including emergency supplemental funding, as ap-
propriate. 
TITLE VI—OTHER ACTIONS RE-
LATING TO WILDLIFE TRAF-
FICKING PROGRAMS 
SEC. 601. AMENDMENTS TO FISHERMAN’S PROTECTIVE ACT 
OF 1967. 
Section 8 of the Fisherman’s Protective Act of 1967 
(22 U.S.C. 1978) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, in 
consultation with the Secretary of State,’’ after 
‘‘Secretary of Commerce’’; 
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