SEC. 2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ADVANCEMENT AND 
RELIABILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5002 of the National Ar-
tificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401; 
as enacted as part of division E of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2021; Public Law 116–283) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), 
(7), (8), (9), (10), and (11) as paragraphs (6), (8), 
(9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14), respectively; 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(4) 
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
RED 
TEAMING.—The term ‘artificial intelligence red 
teaming’ means a structured testing in a controlled 
environment simulating real-world conditions, using 
adversarial methods to find flaws and vulnerabilities 
in an artificial intelligence system and identify risks, 
flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence sys-
tems, such as harmful outputs from such system, 
unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limita-
tions, and potential risks associated with the misuse 
of such system. 
‘‘(5) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The 
term ‘artificial intelligence system’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 7223 of the Advancing 
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American AI Act (40 U.S.C. 11301 note; as enacted 
as part of title LXXII of division G of the James 
M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2023; Public Law 117–263).’’; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so re-
designated, the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) FEDERAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘Fed-
eral laboratory’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno-
vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).’’. 
(b) CENTER
FOR AI ADVANCEMENT
AND RELI-
ABILITY.—Title LIII of division E of the National Artifi-
cial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 5304. CENTER FOR AI ADVANCEMENT AND RELI-
ABILITY. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, the Under Secretary of Commerce 
for Standards and Technology (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘Under Secretary’) shall establish a 
center on artificial intelligence, to be known as the 
‘Center for AI Advancement and Reliability’ (in this 
section referred to as the ‘Center’), to ensure contin-
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ued United States leadership in research, develop-
ment, and evaluation of the reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety of artificial intel-
ligence systems. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Center 
are as follows: 
‘‘(A) To advance the measurement science 
for artificial intelligence reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety. 
‘‘(B) To support the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology laboratories as such 
laboratories carry out artificial intelligence ac-
tivities related to robustness, resilience, and 
safety described in section 22A of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278h–1). 
‘‘(C) To collaborate with the private sector, 
standards development organizations, civil soci-
ety, and Federal agencies in supporting the de-
velopment of voluntary best practices and tech-
nical standards for evaluating the reliability, 
robustness, resilience, security, and safety of ar-
tificial intelligence systems. 
‘‘(D) To increase the understanding of 
State, local, and Tribal governments, institu-
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tions of higher education, private sector enti-
ties, and the public of artificial intelligence reli-
ability, robustness, resilience, security, and safe-
ty-related challenges and remediations. 
‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.—The Under Secretary or ap-
propriate designee shall serve as the Director of the 
Center. 
‘‘(4) CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION.—In 
establishing the Center, the Under Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) coordinate with— 
‘‘(i) the Director of the National 
Science Foundation; 
‘‘(ii) the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy; 
‘‘(iii) the Secretary of Energy; 
‘‘(iv) the Secretary of Defense; and 
‘‘(v) the Secretary of Homeland Secu-
rity; and 
‘‘(B) consult with the heads of such other 
Federal agencies as the Under Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—The activities of the Center, 
which the Center may include the following: 
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‘‘(A) 
Conducting 
evaluations 
and 
benchmarking of the capabilities and limitations 
of artificial intelligence over time. 
‘‘(B) Conducting measurement research to 
inform the development of recommended best 
practices, benchmarks, methodologies, proce-
dures, 
voluntary 
consensus-based 
technical 
standards, and other resources for the evalua-
tion and assurance of reliable, robust, resilient, 
secure, and safe artificial intelligence systems 
and reduce the risk of the misuse of such sys-
tems, including relating to the following: 
‘‘(i) Common definitions and charac-
terizations for aspects of artificial intel-
ligence safety, security, and robustness and 
the measurement of such that are applica-
ble across many sectors and use cases. 
‘‘(ii) The reliability, robustness, resil-
ience, security, and safety of artificial in-
telligence systems and use cases, including 
the ability for such systems to withstand 
unexpected inputs and adversarial attacks. 
‘‘(iii) Testing, evaluation, validation, 
and verification methods for risk manage-
ment, including measurement and assur-
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ance for accuracy, transparency, reliability, 
security, verifiability, and safety through-
out the lifecycle of artificial intelligence 
systems, including artificial intelligence red 
teaming. 
‘‘(iv) Reference use cases for artificial 
intelligence systems and criteria for assess-
ing safety risk in each such use case. 
‘‘(C) Providing to relevant Federal agen-
cies and National Institute of Standards and 
Technology laboratories, as appropriate, input 
and support for artificial intelligence risk man-
agement regarding reliability, robustness, resil-
ience, security, and safety-related topics. 
‘‘(D) Engaging with, or supporting the en-
gagement of the United States Government 
with, international standards organizations, 
multilateral organizations, and organizations 
and topically relevant bodies among allies and 
partners to support international collaborations 
on activities described in this paragraph. 
‘‘(E) As appropriate, and in coordination 
with ongoing National Institute of Standards 
and Technology activities, coordinating Federal 
research, 
development, 
demonstration, 
and 
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standards engagement related to artificial intel-
ligence reliability, robustness, resilience, secu-
rity, and safety. 
‘‘(6) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities described in paragraph (6), the Under Sec-
retary shall carry out the following: 
‘‘(A) Support research that assesses and 
mitigates 
artificial 
intelligence 
reliability, 
robustness, resilience, security, and safety risks 
across several timescales, including demon-
strable safety risks that arise from the use and 
misuse of artificial intelligence systems. 
‘‘(B) Assess scenarios in which artificial 
intelligence systems could be deployed to create 
risks for economic or national security. 
‘‘(C) Leverage computing resources, access 
to open datasets, open source software, and 
other resources from industry, government, 
nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 
and institutions of higher education to advance 
the mission of the Center, as appropriate. 
‘‘(D) Leverage existing Federal invest-
ments to advance the mission of the Center. 
‘‘(E) Avoid unnecessary duplication with 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
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laboratory activities authorized under section 
22A of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1). 
‘‘(7) REPORT.—For each fiscal year beginning 
with fiscal year 2026, not later than 90 days after 
the submission of the President’s annual budget re-
quest for such fiscal year in accordance with section 
1105 of title 31, United States Code, the Under Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report that includes 
the following: 
‘‘(A) A summarized budget in support of 
the Center for such fiscal year and the pre-
ceding fiscal year. 
‘‘(B) A description of the goals, priorities, 
and metrics for guiding and evaluating the ac-
tivities of the Center. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSORTIUM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall 
establish a consortium (in this section referred to as 
the ‘Consortium’) of stakeholders from academic or 
research communities, Federal laboratories, private 
industry, and civil society in matters relating to arti-
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ficial intelligence reliability, robustness, resilience, 
security, and safety to support— 
‘‘(A) the Center in carrying out the activi-
ties specified in subsection (a)(6); and 
‘‘(B) the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology in carrying out section 22A of 
the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h–1). 
‘‘(2) GOALS.—In addition to supporting the 
Center in carrying out activities under subsection 
(a)(6), the goals of the Consortium are the following: 
‘‘(A) To evaluate the needs of stake-
holders, including industry and civil society. 
‘‘(B) To identify where gaps remain in the 
activities of the Center, including relating to 
measurement research and support for stand-
ards development, and provide recommenda-
tions to the Center on how to address such 
gaps. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than two years after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Under 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report summarizing 
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the contributions of the members of the Consortium 
in support the efforts of the Center. 
‘‘(c) SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY.—The Under Secretary 
shall ensure the Center, Consortium, and staff adhere to 
policies and procedures established pursuant to section 
1009 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 6620), 
including by providing mechanisms for an employee or as-
sociate of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology, a member of the Consortium, a private sector enti-
ty, researcher, or student affiliated with the Center or 
Consortium, an employee of an agency working with the 
Center, or a member of the public to report violations of 
such policies by confidential and anonymous means. 
‘‘(d) SECURITY.—This section shall be carried out in 
accordance with the provision of subtitle D of title VI of 
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innova-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; enacted as part of divi-
sion B of Public Law 117–167) and section 223 of the 
William Mac Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (42 U.S.C. 6605). 
‘‘(e) LIMITATION.—Information shared by an entity 
with, or provided to, the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology for the purpose of the activities described 
in this section may not be used by any Federal, State, 
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local, or Tribal department or agency to regulate the activ-
ity of such entity. 
‘‘(f) PROHIBITIONS.—Nothing in this section may be 
construed to— 
‘‘(1) provide the Under Secretary any enforce-
ment authority that was not in effect on the day be-
fore the date of the enactment of this Act; 
‘‘(2) confer any regulatory authority to any 
Federal, State, Tribal, or local department or agen-
cy; 
‘‘(3) require any private sector entity to share 
data, including proprietary information, with the 
Under Secretary, the Center, or the Consortium; or 
‘‘(4) modify any regulatory requirement to re-
port or submit information to a Federal, State, Trib-
al or local department or agency. 
‘‘(g) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the 
date that is six years after the date of the enactment of 
this section. 
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is to be authorized to be appropriated to the Under Sec-
retary $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out this 
section.’’. 
(c) HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS UP-
DATE.—Subsection (c) of section 6 of the National Insti-
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