815 
ommendation in the report described in sub-
section (a)(1) if the Secretary provides to the 
congressional defense committees, on or before the 
date specified in paragraph (1)— 
(i) a specific justification for the deci-
sion not to implement the recommendation; 
and 
(ii) a summary of alternative actions 
the Secretary plans to take to address the 
conditions underlying the recommendation. 
SEC. 1254. PUBLIC REPORTING OF CHINESE MILITARY COM-
PANIES OPERATING IN THE UNITED STATES. 
(a) DETERMINATION OF OPERATIONS.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and on 
an ongoing basis thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall 
identify each entity the Secretary determines, based on the 
most recent information available, is— 
(1)(A) directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or 
beneficially owned by, or in an official or unofficial 
capacity acting as an agent of or on behalf of, the 
People’s Liberation Army or any of its affiliates; or 
(B) identified as a military-civil fusion contrib-
utor to the Chinese defense industrial base; 
(2) engaged in providing commercial services, 
manufacturing, producing, or exporting; and 
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(3) operating directly or indirectly in the United 
States, including any of its territories and posses-
sions. 
(b) SUBMISSION; PUBLICATION.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 
years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Senate an updated list of each 
entity determined to be a Chinese military company 
pursuant to subsection (a), in classified and unclassi-
fied forms. 
(2) PUBLICATION.—Concurrent with the submis-
sion of a list under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
publish the unclassified portion of such list in the 
Federal Register. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary may consult with 
the head of any appropriate Federal department or agency 
in making the determinations required under subsection (a) 
and shall transmit a copy of each list submitted under sub-
section (b)(1) to the heads of each appropriate Federal de-
partment and agency. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.— 
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(1) MILITARY-CIVIL FUSION CONTRIBUTOR.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘military-civil fusion contrib-
utor’’ includes— 
(A) entities receiving assistance from the 
Government of China through science and tech-
nology efforts initiated under the Chinese mili-
tary industrial planning apparatus; 
(B) entities affiliated with the Chinese Min-
istry of Industry and Information Technology, 
including entities connected through Ministry 
schools, research partnerships, and state-aided 
science and technology projects; 
(C) entities receiving assistance from the 
Government of China or operational direction or 
policy guidance from the State Administration 
for Science, Technology and Industry for Na-
tional Defense; 
(D) entities recognized and awarded with 
receipt of an innovation prize for science and 
technology by such State Administration; 
(E) any other entity or subsidiary defined 
as a ‘‘defense enterprise’’ by the Chinese State 
Council; and 
(F) entities residing in or affiliated with a 
military-civil fusion enterprise zone or receiving 
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assistance from the Government of China 
through such enterprise zone. 
(2) PEOPLE’S
LIBERATION
ARMY.—The term 
‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ means the land, naval, 
and air military services, the police, and the intel-
ligence services of the Government of China, and any 
member of any such service or of such police. 
SEC. 1255. INDEPENDENT STUDY ON THE DEFENSE INDUS-
TRIAL BASE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall seek to enter into a contract with a federally funded 
research and development center to conduct a study on the 
defense industrial base of the People’s Republic of China. 
(b) ELEMENTS OF STUDY.—The study required under 
subsection (a) shall assess the resiliency and capacity of 
China’s defense industrial base to support its objectives in 
competition and conflict, including with respect to the fol-
lowing: 
(1) The manufacturing capacity and physical 
plant capacity of the defense industrial base, includ-
ing its ability to modernize to meet future needs. 
(2) Gaps in national-security-related domestic 
manufacturing capabilities, including non-existent, 
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extinct, threatened, and single-point-of-failure capa-
bilities. 
(3) Supply chains with single points of failure 
or limited resiliency, especially suppliers at third-tier 
and lower. 
(4) Energy consumption and vulnerabilities. 
(5) Domestic education and manufacturing 
workforce skills. 
(6) Exclusive or dominant supply of military 
and civilian materiel, raw materials, or other goods 
(or components thereof) essential to China’s national 
security by the United States or United States allies 
and partners. 
(7) The ability to meet the likely repair and new 
construction demands of the People’s Liberation Army 
in the event of a protracted conflict. 
(8) The availability of substitutes or alternative 
sources for goods identified pursuant to paragraph 
(6). 
(9) Recommendations for legislative, regulatory, 
and policy changes and other actions by the President 
and the heads of Federal agencies as appropriate 
based upon a reasoned assessment that the benefits 
outweigh the costs (broadly defined to include any 
economic, strategic, and national security benefits or 
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