I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1760
To establish water conservation and habitat restoration programs in the 
Klamath River basin and to provide emergency disaster assistance to 
fishermen, Indian tribes, small businesses, and others that suffer eco-
nomic harm from the devastating effects of the Klamath River basin 
fish kill of 2002. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 10, 2003
Mr. THOMPSON of California (for himself, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, 
Mr. MATSUI, Mr. FARR, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Ms. SOLIS, Mrs. 
NAPOLITANO, Mr. BERMAN, Mr. HONDA, Ms. LEE, Ms. HARMAN, Mr. 
SCHIFF, Ms. WATSON, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. LANTOS, Mrs. CAPPS, Ms. 
ESHOO, Mr. WAXMAN, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. SHERMAN, Mrs. DAVIS of 
California, and Mr. BACA) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Resources 
A BILL 
To establish water conservation and habitat restoration pro-
grams in the Klamath River basin and to provide emer-
gency disaster assistance to fishermen, Indian tribes, 
small businesses, and others that suffer economic harm 
from the devastating effects of the Klamath River basin 
fish kill of 2002.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Klamath River Basin 
Restoration and Emergency Assistance Act of 2003’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) KLAMATH
BASIN.—The term ‘‘Klamath 
Basin’’ means the watershed areas in Oregon and 
California that drain into the Klamath River Sys-
tem. 
(2) KLAMATH BASIN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REF-
UGES.—The term ‘‘Klamath Basin National Wildlife 
Refuges’’ means the following: 
(A) The Lower Klamath National Wildlife 
Refuge. 
(B) The Tule Lake National Wildlife Ref-
uge. 
(C) The Clear Lake National Wildlife Ref-
uge. 
(D) The Upper Klamath National Wildlife 
Refuge. 
(E) The Bear Valley National Wildlife Ref-
uge. 
(F) The Klamath Marsh National Wildlife 
Refuge. 
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(3) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the Klamath River Basin Conservation Area Res-
toration Program established under section 3. 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of the Interior, unless otherwise speci-
fied. 
(5) TASK FORCE.—The term ‘‘Task Force’’ 
means the Klamath Basin Restoration Task Force 
established by section 6. 
(6) TRIBES.—The term ‘‘Tribes’’ means—
(A) the Klamath Tribes; 
(B) the Hoopa Valley Tribe; 
(C) the Karuk Tribe; and 
(D) the Yurok Tribe. 
(7) WATER CONSERVATION.—The term ‘‘water 
conservation’’—
(A) subject to subparagraph (B), means 
actions taken to improve the efficiency of stor-
age, conveyance, distribution, or use of water, 
including such actions taken specifically for 
protection and restoration of fish and wildlife 
species in the Klamath Basin; and 
(B) does not include the construction of 
any dam, reservoir, or well. 
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SEC. 3. KLAMATH WATER QUALITY AND CONSERVATION 
PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Secretary 
of the Interior, acting through the Commissioner of the 
Bureau of Reclamation and the Director of the United 
States Fish and Wildlife Service, shall, immediately upon 
the enactment of this Act, establish a program for pro-
viding financial and technical assistance for water con-
servation in the Klamath Basin. The program shall be 
known as the ‘‘Klamath River Basin Conservation Area 
Restoration Program’’. 
(b) ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary, under the Pro-
gram, may provide loans, grants, and technical assistance 
to qualified applicants for preparation and implementation 
of plans for and short- and long-term eligible water con-
servation projects and measures in the Klamath Basin. 
(c) QUALIFIED APPLICANT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection 
(b), a qualified applicant is any irrigation district, 
Indian tribe, nonprofit nongovernmental organiza-
tion, or individual landowner that meets qualification 
requirements established by the Secretary under 
paragraph (2). 
(2) QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—The Sec-
retary shall issue regulations establishing qualifica-
tion requirements for purposes of paragraph (1) by 
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not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
(d) ELIGIBLE WATER CONSERVATION PROJECTS 
AND MEASURES.—For purposes of subsection (b), eligible 
water conservation projects and measures include the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Incentives for growing crops that require 
less water than crops grown on the date of the en-
actment of this Act, in—
(A) the Upper Klamath Basin above Iron 
Gate Dam; or 
(B) the Scott and Shasta River Valleys 
and other Lower Klamath Basin areas.
(2) Purchase, from a willing seller, of land, 
water rights associated with land, and other prop-
erty interests in the Upper Klamath Basin above 
Iron Gate Dam and within the Scott and Shasta 
River Valleys and other Lower Klamath Basin areas, 
including acquisition of nonirrigation conservation 
easements that preclude the grantor of such an ease-
ment from irrigating lands that are subject to such 
an easement. 
(3) Short- or long-term contracts for the lease, 
from a willing seller or lessor of land, of water rights
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associated with land and other property interests in 
the Klamath Basin. 
(4) Tail-water recovery programs, and lining or 
piping (or both) of earthen irrigation channels. 
(5) Groundwater recharge and management 
systems. 
(6) Restoration of in-stream habitat conditions, 
consistent with generally accepted stream improve-
ment practices, in accordance with the California 
Department of Fish and Game stream improvement 
manual (for projects and measures in California) or 
the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board stream 
restoration guidelines (for projects and measures in 
Oregon), as applicable. 
(7) Field leveling, monitoring of soil moisture 
conditions, and irrigation scheduling. 
(8) Restoration of riparian habitat for the pur-
poses of improving water quality and conservation. 
(9) Updating and installation of water moni-
toring and metering facilities. 
(e) WATER CONSERVATION FOR FISH HABITAT RES-
TORATION.—The Secretary shall require that any water 
conservation project or measure for fish habitat restora-
tion purposes that is carried out with assistance under this 
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section shall be carried out in accordance with all applica-
ble State and Federal laws. 
(f) PROHIBITION OF USE OF FUNDS.—None of the 
funds made available under this Act may be used to plan, 
design, or construct new facilities that may be used to 
store, divert, distribute, or otherwise supply water from 
any source for the purpose of bringing newly irrigated 
lands into agricultural production. 
(g) COST SHARING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Federal share of the 
cost of any activity carried out with a loan or grant 
under this section shall not exceed 75 percent. 
(2) IN-KIND
CONTRIBUTIONS.—(A) The Sec-
retary shall apply to the non-Federal share of the 
cost of any activity carried out with a loan or grant 
under this section (in addition to cash outlays), the 
value of in-kind contributions to the activity of real 
and personal property and voluntary personal serv-
ices provided from non-Federal sources. 
(B) Any valuation of property or services by the 
Secretary for purposes of this paragraph is final and 
not subject to judicial review. 
(C) The Secretary shall by regulation estab-
lish—
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(i) the training, experience, and other 
qualifications that volunteers must have in 
order for their services to be considered as in-
kind contributions under this paragraph; and 
(ii) the standards under which the Sec-
retary will determine the value of in-kind con-
tributions for purposes of this paragraph. 
(3) LIMITATION.—The Secretary may not con-
sider the expenditure, either directly or indirectly, 
with respect to the Program of Federal moneys re-
ceived by a State or local government to be a finan-
cial contribution by a non-Federal source for pur-
poses of this subsection. 
(h) OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSES.—No 
Federal funds may be expended for operation or mainte-
nance of any facility constructed under this Act. 
(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this sec-
tion $200,000,000 for fiscal years 2004 through 
2016, of which no more than $5,000,000 shall be 
used for short-term and long-term water leasing pro-
grams in the Klamath Basin for eligible water con-
servation projects and measures described in sub-
section (d)(4). 
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(2) 
AVAILABILITY.—Amounts 
appropriated 
under this subsection may remain available until ex-
pended. 
SEC. 4. EMERGENCY DISASTER ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Interior, 
subject to the availability of appropriations, shall provide 
emergency financial assistance to persons in northern 
California and Oregon coastal communities that were ad-
versely affected by the Klamath Basin salmon kill disaster 
of 2002, including Indian tribes, participants in the rec-
reational and commercial fishing industries, owners and 
operators of fish processing facilities, and other businesses 
that were so affected.
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the 
Interior $20,000,000 to provide assistance under this sec-
tion. 
SEC. 5. FLOW RATES. 
The Secretary of the Interior shall release the funds 
necessary to complete in final form the document entitled 
‘‘Evaluation of Interim Instream Flow Needs in the Klam-
ath River, Phase II, Final Report’’, prepared for the De-
partment of the Interior by Dr. Thomas B. Hardy and 
Mr. R. Craig Addley (also known as the ‘‘Final Hardy 
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Phase II Report’’) by no later than one month after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 6. KLAMATH BASIN RESTORATION TASK FORCE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a Klam-
ath Basin Restoration Task Force. 
(b) FUNCTIONS.—The Task Force shall—
(1) advise the Secretary in the formulation, co-
ordination, and implementation of the Program; 
(2) develop and propose water conservation 
projects and measures for receipt of assistance 
under the Program, and make recommendations on 
eligible water conservation projects and measures to 
be provided assistance under the Program; 
(3) assist, and coordinate its activities with, 
Federal, State, and local governmental or private 
anadromous and resident native fish restoration 
projects within the Klamath Basin;
(4) conduct any other activity that is necessary 
to accomplish the objectives of the Program; and 
(5) act as an advisor to the Klamath Fisheries 
Management Council. 
(c) MEMBERSHIP
AND APPOINTMENT.—The Task 
Force shall consist of 32 members, as follows: 
(1) Nine members appointed by the Governor of 
California, as follows:
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(A) A representative of the California com-
mercial salmon fishing industry. 
(B) A representative of the California in-
river sport fishing or in-stream recreational in-
dustry. 
(C) A representative of the California De-
partment of Fish and Game. 
(D) A representative of the California De-
partment of Water Resources. 
(E) A representative of private land own-
ers in the Lower Klamath River basin farming 
and ranching community, who reside in the 
State of California and who are not dependent 
on the Federal Klamath Irrigation Project for 
water supplies. 
(F) A representative of private land owners 
in the farming and ranching community who re-
side in the State of California and who are de-
pendent on the Federal Klamath Irrigation 
Project for water supplies. 
(G) Two representatives of California-
based environmental organizations, or of na-
tional organizations having an office in Cali-
fornia, with interests in ecosystem restoration, 
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anadromous fisheries and wildlife refuges in the 
Klamath Basin. 
(H) A citizen of California who resides in 
the Lower Klamath Basin to represent the gen-
eral business community and who is drawn 
from the California business community of the 
Lower Klamath Basin. 
(2) Nine members appointed by the Governor of 
Oregon, as follows: 
(A) A representative of the Oregon com-
mercial salmon fishing industry. 
(B) A representative of the Oregon in-river 
sport fishing or in-stream recreational industry. 
(C) A representative of the Oregon Depart-
ment of Fish and Wildlife. 
(D) A representative of the Oregon Water 
Resources Department. 
(E) A representative of private land own-
ers in the Upper Klamath Basin farming and 
ranching community, who reside in the State of 
Oregon and who are not dependent on the Fed-
eral Klamath Irrigation Project for water sup-
plies. 
(F) A representative of private land owners 
in the farming and ranching community who re-
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(6) A representative of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, who shall be appointed by the Ad-
ministrator of that agency. 
(7) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the County Commissioners of Klamath County, Or-
egon. 
(8) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the Board of Supervisors of Del Norte County, Cali-
fornia. 
(9) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the Board of Supervisors of Siskiyou County, Cali-
fornia. 
(10) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the Board of Supervisors of Humboldt County, Cali-
fornia. 
(11) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the Board of Supervisors of Modoc County, Cali-
fornia. 
(12) One individual who shall be appointed by 
the Board of Supervisors of Trinity County, Cali-
fornia. 
(13) A representative of the Karuk Tribe, who 
shall be appointed by the governing body of the 
Tribe. 
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(14) A representative of the Klamath Tribes, 
who shall be appointed by the governing body of the 
Klamath Tribes. 
(15) A representative of the Yurok Tribe, who 
shall be appointed by the governing body of the 
Tribe. 
(16) A representative of the Hoopa Valley 
Tribe, who shall be appointed by the governing body 
of the Hoopa Valley Tribe. 
(d) TERMS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The term of a member of 
the Task Force is 4 years, except that an individual 
may continue to serve as a member after expiration 
of the individual’s term until a successor has taken 
office. 
(2) SERVICE.—A member of the Task Force 
shall serve at the pleasure of the person having au-
thority to appoint the member.
(3) VACANCIES.—(A) Any vacancy on the Task 
Force shall be filled in the manner in which the 
original appointment was made. 
(B) Any member appointed to fill a vacancy oc-
curring before the expiration of the term for which 
the member’s predecessor was appointed shall be ap-
pointed only for the remainder of such term.
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(e) TRANSACTION OF BUSINESS.—
(1) PROCEDURES.—The Task Force shall es-
tablish practices and procedures for the carrying out 
of its functions under subsection (b). The procedures 
shall include the requirement that a quorum of the 
Task Force must be present before business may be 
transacted. The Task Force shall make decisions by 
the unanimous consent of the members voting (with-
out regard to any abstentions). 
(2) CHAIRMAN.—The members of the Task 
Force shall select a Chairman from among its mem-
bers. The term of membership as Chairman shall be 
one year. The chairmanship shall rotate annually be-
tween appointees from California and appointees 
from Oregon. Any member who is an employee of a 
Federal agency shall be considered, for purposes of 
this paragraph, to be an appointee from both States, 
and may serve as Chairman without regard to the 
member’s State of residence. 
(3) MEETINGS.—The Task Force shall meet at 
the call of the Chairman or upon the request of a 
majority of its members, but not less than 3 times 
each year. At least one meeting each calendar year 
shall be held in or near Klamath Falls, Oregon, at 
least one meeting each calendar year shall be held 
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in or near Yreka, California, and at least one meet-
ing each calendar year shall be held in or near Eure-
ka, California. 
(f) STAFF AND ADMINISTRATION.—
(1) 
ADMINISTRATIVE
SUPPORT.—The 
Sec-
retary, through the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service and other relevant agencies, shall provide the 
Task Force with the administrative and technical 
support services necessary for the effective func-
tioning of the Task Force. 
(2) INFORMATION.—The Secretary shall furnish 
the members of the Task Force with relevant infor-
mation concerning the Klamath Basin. 
(3) ORGANIZATION.—The Task Force shall de-
termine its organization, and prescribe the practices 
and procedures for carrying out its functions under 
subsection (b). 
(4) SCIENCE ADVISORY TEAM.—(A) The Task 
Force shall establish a Science Advisory Team to ad-
vise it on technical issues referred to it and to review 
and advise the Task Force on the scientific merits 
of proposed projects and measures. 
(B) The Task Force shall—
(i) provide staff support for the Science 
Advisory Team; and 
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(ii) reimburse travel expenses of members 
of the Science Advisory Team in the same man-
ner such reimbursement is provided to Task 
Force members. 
(g) MEMBERS WHO ARE FEDERAL OR STATE EM-
PLOYEES.—Any Task Force member who is an officer or 
employee of the United States, the State of California, or 
the State of Oregon at the time of appointment to the 
Task Force, and who serves on the Task Force as a rep-
resentative of a State or Federal agency, shall cease to 
be a member of the Task Force within 14 days after the 
date on which the member ceases to be employed by such 
agency. 
(h) EXPENSES.—
(1) TRAVEL
EXPENSES.—(A) Except as pro-
vided in subparagraph (B), while away from their 
homes or regular places of business in the perform-
ance of services for the Task Force, Task Force 
members shall be allowed travel expenses, including 
a per diem allowance in lieu of subsistence, in the 
same manner as persons employed intermittently in 
the Government service are allowed travel expenses 
under section 5703 of title 5, United States Code. 
(B) Any Task Force member who is an em-
ployee of any agency or governmental unit and is eli-
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gible for travel expenses from that agency or unit 
for performing services for the Task Force is not eli-
gible for travel expenses under this paragraph. 
(2) LIMITATION ON SPENDING AUTHORITY.—
Amounts appropriated under section 6 of the Klam-
ath River Basin Fishery Resources Restoration Act 
(16 U.S.C. 460ss–5) may not be used to reimburse 
any agency or governmental unit that has a rep-
resentative as a member of the Task Force with re-
spect to the performance of such member’s duties on 
the Task Force. 
(i) MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT REGARDING EN-
FORCEMENT.—In order to strengthen and facilitate the 
enforcement of Klamath Basin fishery harvesting and 
wildlife hunting regulations, the Secretary shall enter into 
a memorandum of agreement with the California Depart-
ment of Fish and Game and the Oregon Department of 
Fish and Wildlife that—
(1) specifies the enforcement activities within 
the Klamath Basin for which the Department of In-
terior and the California Department of Fish and 
Game and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 
are responsible; and 
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(2) contains such provisions as are necessary to 
ensure coordinated implementation of Federal and 
State enforcement activities. 
(j) TERMINATION OF EXISTING ENTITIES.—
(1) TERMINATION.—The Upper Klamath Basin 
Working Group referred to in section 1024 of the 
Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Act of 1996 (Pub-
lic Law 104–333; 110 Stat. 4224) and the Klamath 
Basin Fisheries Restoration Task Force established 
by section 4 of the Klamath River Basin Fishery Re-
sources Restoration Act (16 U.S.C. 460ss–3) are 
terminated. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS
AND
RE-
PEALS—(A) Section 1024 of the Omnibus Parks and 
Public Lands Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–333; 
110 Stat. 4224) is repealed. 
(B) The Klamath River Basin Fishery Re-
sources Restoration Act is amended—
(i) in section 2(b)(1) (16 U.S.C. 460ss–
1(b)(1)) by striking ‘‘, in consultation with the 
task force established under section 4,’’; 
(ii) in section 2(b)(2) (16 U.S.C. 460ss–
1(b)(2)) by striking ‘‘, in cooperation with the 
task force established under section 4,’’;
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(iii) in section 6(a) (16 U.S.C. 460ss–5(a)) 
by striking ‘‘and 4(i); and 
(iv) by repealing section 4 (16 U.S.C. 
460ss–3). 
SEC. 7. TRINITY RIVER FLOW IMPLEMENTATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, the record of decision by the United States 
Fish and Wildlife Service entitled ‘‘Trinity River 
Mainstem Fishery Restoration’’, issued by the Secretary 
of the Interior with the concurrence of the Hoopa Valley 
Tribe on December 19, 2000 (referred to in this section 
as the ‘‘record of decision’’), shall be considered to comply 
with all provisions of law under which, and subject to 
which, the record of decision was issued. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—Upon enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of the Interior, and any other person with 
respect to which the record of decision describes any right, 
authority, or obligation, shall implement and otherwise 
comply with the record of decision. 
SEC. 8. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 
The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the 
Commissioner of the Bureau of Reclamation, shall submit 
to the Congress by no later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and quarterly thereafter, a 
report describing the progress of the conservation pro-
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grams in the Klamath Basin implemented pursuant to this 
Act. 
SEC. 9. KLAMATH PROJECT IMPROVEMENT. 
In addition to the purposes of the Klamath Reclama-
tion Project under the Act of February 9, 1905 (chapter 
567; 33 Stat. 714), and other applicable law, the Sec-
retary of the Interior shall operate and maintain the 
Project for the purposes of—
(1) fish and wildlife and the maintenance and 
restoration of national wildlife refuges in the Klam-
ath Basin; 
(2) tribal trust responsibilities; and 
(3) water quality. 
SEC. 10. KLAMATH BASIN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES. 
(a) PURPOSE OF THE REFUGES.—The purpose of 
each of the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges is 
to conserve migratory birds and other wildlife and the eco-
systems upon which those species depend. 
(b) Refuge Water Supply Study.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Inte-
rior shall conduct a study to determine the amount 
of water necessary to sustain wetland habitats with-
in the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges in 
order to meet the fish and wildlife conservation pur-
pose of the refuges. 
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(2) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit a re-
port containing the findings of this study to the 
Congress by no later than one year after the date of 
enactment of this act. The report shall include deter-
minations regarding the following: 
(A) The average monthly water deliveries 
to the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges 
from 1961 to 2002. 
(B) The water necessary to sustain wet-
land habitats in the Klamath Basin National 
Wildlife Refuges under current management 
practices. 
(C) The water necessary to sustain wet-
lands in the Klamath Basin National Wildlife 
Refuges under optimal fish and wildlife man-
agement. 
(D) The opportunities for re-engineering 
the current water delivery system into a more 
efficient water delivery system. 
(E) The feasibility of storing water within 
the current boundaries of Lower Klamath Na-
tional Wildlife Refuge and Tule Lake National 
Wildlife Refuge. 
(F) The nutritional and habitat values of 
agricultural crops and native habitats for mi-
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gratory birds and other wildlife of the Klamath 
Basin National Wildlife Refuges. 
(G) The feasibility of storing water within 
the boundaries of Lower Klamath National 
Wildlife Refuge as established under Executive 
Order 924, dated August 8, 1908. 
(c) WATER STORAGE AUTHORITY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Inte-
rior may store water on the Lower Klamath Na-
tional Wildlife Refuge and the Tule Lake National 
Wildlife Refuge, if such storage does not compromise 
the waterfowl and wildlife habitat and values of the 
refuge. 
(2) USE OF STORED WATER.—Water stored on 
a refuge under this paragraph shall be dedicated 
solely to maintain and restore wetland and open 
water habitats necessary to meet the fish and wild-
life conservation purpose of the refuge. 
(d) WATER DELIVERIES TO REFUGES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Inte-
rior shall provide to the Klamath Basin National 
Wildlife Refuges on an incremental basis such 
amounts of water, in addition to any water stored 
pursuant to subsection (b), as are determined to be 
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necessary in the report required under subsection 
(a). 
(2) DEADLINE FOR FULL DELIVERY.—The Sec-
retary of the Interior, by no later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, shall—
(A) implement full water deliveries to the 
Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges; and 
(B) ensure that the Klamath Basin Na-
tional Wildlife Refuges receive the water deter-
mined necessary under subsection (a)(2)(B). 
(3) DEADLINE FOR DELIVERY OF WATER NEC-
ESSARY FOR OPTIMAL WETLANDS.—The Secretary 
of the Interior shall, by no later than five years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, ensure that 
the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges receive 
the water determined to be necessary under para-
graph (a)(2)(C). 
SEC. 11. TRIBAL RIGHTS NOT DIMINISHED OR AFFECTED. 
Nothing in this Act is intended to in any way dimin-
ish the water, fishery, or other rights of the Tribes as con-
firmed by treaty, Executive Order, or other judicial, ad-
ministrative, or legislative authority, or to diminish the ob-
ligations of the Secretary of the Interior on behalf of the 
United States to assert and protect such rights.
Æ
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