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‘‘fiscal years 2004 through 2008’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal 
years 2009 through 2013’’. 
(d) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A TUBER-
CULOSIS VACCINE.—Such section is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(n) In addition to amounts otherwise available under 
this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to 
the President such sums as may be necessary for each of 
the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to be available for 
United States contributions to research and development 
of a tuberculosis vaccine.’’. 
SEC. 204. PROGRAM TO FACILITATE AVAILABILITY OF 
MICROBICIDES TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION 
OF HIV AND OTHER DISEASES. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—Congress recognizes 
the need and urgency to expand the range of interventions 
for preventing the transmission of human immuno-
deficiency virus (HIV), including nonvaccine prevention 
methods that can be controlled by women. 
(b) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Development, 
in coordination with the Coordinator of United States 
Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, 
shall develop and implement a program to facilitate wide- 
scale availability of microbicides that prevent the trans-
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mission of HIV after such microbicides are proven safe 
and effective. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 401 
of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tu-
berculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7671) for 
HIV/AIDS assistance, there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the President such sums as may be necessary 
for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry 
out this section. 
SEC. 205. PLAN TO COMBAT HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND 
MALARIA BY STRENGTHENING HEALTH POLI-
CIES AND HEALTH SYSTEMS OF HOST COUN-
TRIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title II of the United States 
Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria 
Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7621 et seq.) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 204. PLAN TO COMBAT HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, 
AND MALARIA BY STRENGTHENING HEALTH 
POLICIES AND HEALTH SYSTEMS OF HOST 
COUNTRIES. 
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
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‘‘(1) One of the most significant barriers to 
achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment 
and prevention in developing countries is the lack of 
health infrastructure, particularly in sub-Saharan 
Africa. 
‘‘(2) In addition to HIV/AIDS programs, other 
treatable and preventable infectious diseases could 
be treated concurrently and easily if health care de-
livery systems in developing countries were signifi-
cantly improved. 
‘‘(3) More public investment in basic primary 
health care should be a priority in public spending 
in developing countries. 
‘‘(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy 
of the United States Government— 
‘‘(1) to invest appropriate resources authorized 
under this Act and the amendments made by this 
Act to carry out activities to strengthen HIV/AIDS 
health policies and health systems and provide work-
force training and capacity-building consistent with 
the goals and objectives of this Act and the amend-
ments made by this Act; and 
‘‘(2) to support the development of a sound pol-
icy environment in host countries to increase the 
ability of such countries to maximize utilization of 
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health care resources from donor countries, deliver 
services to the people of such host countries in an 
effective and efficient manner, and reduce barriers 
that prevent recipients of services from achieving 
maximum benefit from such services. 
‘‘(c) PLAN REQUIRED.—The Coordinator of United 
States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Glob-
ally, in collaboration with the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, shall de-
velop and implement a plan to combat HIV/AIDS by 
strengthening health policies and health systems of host 
countries as part of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development’s ‘Health Systems 2020’ project. 
Recognizing that human and institutional capacity form 
the core of any health care system that can sustain the 
fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, the 
plan shall include a strategy to encourage postsecondary 
educational institutions in host countries, particularly in 
Africa, in collaboration with United States postsecondary 
educational institutions, historically black colleges and 
universities, to develop such human and institutional ca-
pacity and in the process further build their capacity to 
sustain the fight against these diseases. 
‘‘(d) ASSISTANCE TO IMPROVE PUBLIC FINANCE 
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury, acting through the head of the Office of 
Technical Assistance, is authorized to provide assist-
ance for advisors and host country finance, health, 
and other relevant ministries to improve the effec-
tiveness of public finance management systems in 
host countries to enable such countries to receive 
funding to carry out programs to combat HIV/ 
AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and to manage 
such programs. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of 
the amounts authorized to be appropriated under 
section 401 for HIV/AIDS assistance, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the 
Treasury such sums as may be necessary for each 
of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry out 
this subsection.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tu-
berculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7601 note) 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
203 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 204. Plan to combat HIV/AIDS by strengthening health policies and 
health systems of host countries.’’. 
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(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘The United States and other developed coun-
tries should provide assistance for the preven-
tion, treatment, and care of HIV/AIDS to coun-
tries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, 
South and Southeast Asia and Central and 
Eastern Europe, addressing both generalized 
epidemics and epidemics concentrated among 
populations at high risk of infection.’’; and 
(C) by further adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) SPECIFIC POLICY.—It is therefore the pol-
icy of the United States, by 2013, to— 
‘‘(A) prevent 12,000,000 new HIV infec-
tions worldwide; 
‘‘(B) 
support 
treatment 
of 
at 
least 
3,000,000 individuals with HIV/AIDS with the 
goal of treating 450,000 children; 
‘‘(C) provide care for 12,000,000 individ-
uals 
affected 
by 
HIV/AIDS, 
including 
5,000,000 orphans and vulnerable children in 
communities affected by HIV/AIDS, including 
orphans with HIV/AIDS; and 
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‘‘(D) train at least 140,000 new health 
care professionals and workers for HIV/AIDS 
prevention, treatment and care.’’. 
(3) AUTHORIZATION.—Subsection (c) of such 
section is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, South and South-
east Asia, Central and Eastern Europe’’ 
after ‘‘the Caribbean’’; and 
(ii) by adding at the end before the 
period the following: ‘‘, and particularly 
with respect to refugee populations in such 
countries and areas’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, South and South-
east Asia, Central and Eastern Europe’’ 
after ‘‘the Caribbean’’; and 
(ii) by adding at the end before the 
period the following: ‘‘, and particularly 
with respect to refugee populations in such 
countries and areas’’; 
(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
paragraph (4); 
(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
following: 
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‘‘(3) ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH CARE DELIVERY 
SYSTEMS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
‘‘(A) the President should provide an ap-
propriate level of assistance under paragraph 
(1) to help strengthen public health care deliv-
ery systems financed by host countries; and 
‘‘(B) the President, acting through the Co-
ordinator of United States Government Activi-
ties to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, should sup-
port the development of a policy framework in 
such host countries for the long-term sustain-
ability of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and 
care programs, and for strengthening health 
care delivery systems and increasing health 
workforces through recruitment, training, and 
policies that allows the devolution of clinical re-
sponsibilities to increase the work force able to 
deliver prevention, treatment, and care services, 
as necessary, with clearly identified objectives 
and reporting strategies for such services.’’; 
(E) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (C) of this paragraph), by strik-
ing ‘‘foreign countries’’ and inserting ‘‘host 
countries and donor countries’’; and 
(F) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(5) SENSE OF CONGRESS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Coordinator of United States 
Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS 
Globally and the heads of relevant executive 
branch agencies (as such term is defined in sec-
tion 3 of the United States Leadership Against 
HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 
2003) should operate in a manner consistent 
with the ‘Three Ones’ goals of UNAIDS. 
‘‘(B) ‘THREE ONES’ GOALS OF UNAIDS DE-
FINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘‘ ‘Three 
Ones’’ goals of UNAIDS’ means— 
‘‘(i) the goal of one agreed HIV/AIDS 
action framework that provides the basis 
for coordinating the work of all partners in 
host countries; 
‘‘(ii) the goal of one national HIV/ 
AIDS 
coordinating 
authority, 
with 
a 
broad-based multisectoral mandate; and 
‘‘(iii) the goal of one agreed country- 
level data-collection, monitoring, and eval-
uation system.’’. 
(4) ACTIVITIES SUPPORTED.— 
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(A) PREVENTION.—Subsection (d)(1) of 
such section is amended— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘efforts by faith- 
based and other nongovernmental or-
ganizations and’’ after ‘‘infection, in-
cluding’’; 
(II) by inserting ‘‘, including ac-
cess to such programs and efforts in 
family planning programs supported 
by the United States Government,’’ 
after ‘‘health programs’’; and 
(III) by inserting ‘‘male and fe-
male’’ before ‘‘condoms’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘relevant and’’ 
after ‘‘culturally’’; 
(II) by inserting ‘‘and programs’’ 
after ‘‘those organizations’’; and 
(III) by inserting ‘‘, level of sci-
entific and fact-based knowledge’’ 
after ‘‘experience’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
‘‘and nonjudgmental approaches’’ after 
‘‘protections’’; 
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(iv) by amending subparagraph (E) to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(E) assistance to achieve the target of 
reaching 80 percent of pregnant women for pre-
vention and treatment of mother-to-child trans-
mission of HIV in countries in which the 
United States is implementing HIV/AIDS pro-
grams by 2013, as described in section 
312(b)(1) of the United States Leadership 
Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria 
Act of 2003, and to promote infant feeding op-
tions that meet the criteria described in the 
World Health Organization’s Global Strategy 
for Infant and Young Child Feeding;’’; 
(v) in subparagraph (G)— 
(I) by adding at the end before 
the semicolon the following: ‘‘, includ-
ing education and services dem-
onstrated to be effective in reducing 
the transmission of HIV infection 
without increasing illicit drug use’’; 
and 
(II) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
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