IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 1313 
Condemning the illegitimate regime of Nicola´s Maduro in the Bolivarian 
Republic of Venezuela. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 21, 2024 
Mr. GIMENEZ (for himself, Mr. MOSKOWITZ, and Ms. SALAZAR) submitted the 
following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Condemning the illegitimate regime of Nicola´s Maduro in 
the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. 
Whereas, since 2005, the United States has imposed targeted 
sanctions on individuals and entities of the Bolivarian 
Republic of Venezuela that have engaged in criminal, 
anti-democratic, unconstitutional, or corrupt acts and vio-
lated basic human rights; 
Whereas, since 2006, the Secretary of State has determined 
that Venezuela is not ‘‘cooperating fully with United 
States anti-terrorism efforts’’ as outlined in section 40A 
of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2781); 
Whereas, since coming to power in 2013, Nicolas Maduro and 
his illegitimate regime have committed numerous crimi-
nal, anti-democratic, unconstitutional, and corrupt acts 
and violated basic human rights, including— 
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(1) embezzling billions of dollars from the Ven-
ezuelan people, including through the illicit removal of 
gold from the Central Bank of Venezuela; 
(2) declaring approximately 12 percent of the coun-
try to be a part of an ‘‘Orinoco Mining Arc’’ and using 
his position to oversee the exploitation of vital resources 
for personal gain; and 
(3) establishing the Special Action Force of the Na-
tional Police (FAES) in 2017, and utilizing them to exe-
cute illegal raids and extrajudicial killings; 
Whereas, on January 5, 2019, the people of Venezuela re-
sponded to years of suffering and suppression under 
Nicolas Maduro by electing Juan Guaido as President of 
the National Assembly of Venezuela, the only remaining 
democratically elected and legitimate institution in the 
country; 
Whereas, upon being elected President of the National As-
sembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaido invoked relevant arti-
cles of the Venezuelan constitution and became the In-
terim President of Venezuela; 
Whereas, on January 10, 2019, Nicolas Maduro unlawfully 
reassumed the presidency of Venezuela, and his rule was 
deemed illegitimate by many Venezuelans and more than 
50 countries, including most of the neighboring countries 
of Venezuela, the United States, and the majority of the 
European Union; 
Whereas, since unlawfully reassuming the presidency in 2019, 
Nicolas Maduro has exacerbated ongoing economic and 
humanitarian crises, and forced more than 7,700,000 
people to flee Venezuela; 
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Whereas Nicolas Maduro has provided diplomatic support to, 
and engaged with, countries that have been designated as 
state sponsors of terrorism under United States law, in-
cluding by— 
(1) allowing the Republic of Cuba to restructure the 
Venezuelan military, train armed forces in Venezuela, 
train Venezuelan intelligence agents in Cuba, and stating 
that Venezuela is ‘‘grateful to Cuba’s revolutionary 
armed forces’’ and ‘‘salute them and will always welcome 
them’’; 
(2) awarding a $490,000,000 contract to the state- 
owned National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution 
Company to revamp the Paraguana Refining Center, the 
largest refining complex in Venezuela; and 
(3) establishing a diplomatic mission and embassy in 
the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (commonly 
known as ‘‘North Korea’’) and allowing North Korea to 
similarly establish a mission and embassy in Venezuela; 
Whereas, in response to the numerous criminal, anti-demo-
cratic, unconstitutional, and corrupt acts and basic 
human rights violations committed by Nicolas Maduro 
and persons serving in his illegitimate regime, the United 
States has imposed a number of sanctions on him and his 
enablers, including— 
(1) on March 8, 2015, when President Barack 
Obama issued Executive Order 13692 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; relating to blocking property and suspending entry 
of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ven-
ezuela) to sanction persons engaged in public corruption 
activities and involved in human rights violations, the 
persecution of political opponents, the curtailment of 
press freedoms, and the arbitrary arrest and detention of 
anti-government protestors; 
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(2) on August 24, 2017, when President Donald 
Trump issued Executive Order 13808 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; relating to imposing additional sanctions with re-
spect to the situation in Venezuela), which prohibited the 
Government of Venezuela from accessing financial mar-
kets of the United States; 
(3) on March 19, 2018, when President Donald 
Trump issued Executive Order 13827 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; relating to taking additional steps to address the 
situation in Venezuela) to prohibit any transaction involv-
ing the issuance of any Venezuelan digital currency; 
(4) on May 21, 2018, when President Donald 
Trump issued Executive Order 13835 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; relating to prohibiting certain additional trans-
actions with respect to Venezuela) to prohibit trans-
actions related to purchasing Venezuelan debt; 
(5) on August 5, 2019, when President Donald 
Trump issued Executive Order 13884 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; relating to blocking property of the Government of 
Venezuela), freezing the assets of the Maduro govern-
ment in the United States and blocking the property, im-
posing visa restrictions, and permitting financial sanc-
tions on non-United States persons that assist the 
Maduro government; and 
(6) under section 7031(c)(1)(A) of the Department 
of State, Foreign Operations and Related Appropriations 
Act of 2019 (Public Law 116–6; 133 Stat. 317) and sec-
tion 7031(c)(1)(A) of the Department of State, Foreign 
Operations and Related Appropriations Act of 2020 
(Public Law 116–94; 133 Stat. 2864); 
Whereas, on October 17, 2023, the illegitimate Maduro re-
gime signed the Partial Agreement on the Promotion of 
Political Rights and Electoral Guarantees for All (com-
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monly known as the ‘‘Barbados Agreement’’), which 
states that all parties, including the opposition party, 
shall be allowed to freely select their candidates for the 
presidential election; 
Whereas the Biden Administration— 
(1) on October 18, 2023, in response to the signing 
of the Barbados Agreement, issued General License No. 
44 and suspended certain sanctions on Venezuela’s oil 
and gas sector; and 
(2) allowed General License No. 44 to expire on 
April 18, 2024, in response the illegitimate Maduro re-
gime preventing the democratic opposition from reg-
istering the candidate of their choice, harassing and in-
timidating political opponents, and unjustly detaining nu-
merous political actors and members of civil society; 
Whereas Maria Corina Machado— 
(1) was elected by the people of Venezuela on Octo-
ber 26, 2023, as the opposition candidate to run against 
the illegitimate Maduro regime in the July 28, 2024, 
presidential election in Venezuela; 
(2) was subsequently disqualified on January 26, 
2024, by the Supreme Justice Tribunal, the highest court 
of Venezuela, from running in the election and was not 
provided the opportunity to respond to the disqualifying 
allegations in court; and 
(3) has since endorsed Edmundo Gonza´lez Urrutia 
to run for President of Venezuela since her unwarranted 
disqualification, stating on the campaign trail, ‘‘We are 
united and strong’’; 
Whereas, on December 20, 2023, the Maduro regime finally 
released 6 wrongfully detained United States citizens in 
Venezuela only after the Biden Administration agreed to 
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