I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5973 
To establish certain limitations on Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 7, 2025 
Mr. PETERS (for himself, Mr. GOLDMAN of New York, Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI, 
Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ, Ms. CLARKE
of New York, Mr. KHANNA, Mr. 
CISNEROS, Ms. CHU, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Mr. VARGAS, Ms. RANDALL, Ms. 
GARCIA of Texas, Mr. QUIGLEY, Ms. KELLY of Illinois, Ms. ESCOBAR, 
Mr. PANETTA, Mr. MOULTON, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Ms. MATSUI, Mr. THOMP-
SON of California, Mr. NADLER, Ms. RIVAS, Mr. THANEDAR, and Ms. 
BROWNLEY) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To establish certain limitations on Federal immigration 
enforcement personnel. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stop Excessive Force 
in Immigration Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) The authority to use force is a serious re-
sponsibility that shall be exercised judiciously and 
with respect for human rights and dignity and for 
the sanctity of every human life. Every person has 
a right to be free from excessive use of force by law 
enforcement acting under color of law. 
(2) It is the responsibility of all law enforce-
ment, Federal, State, and local, to promote and fur-
ther public safety. 
(3) Federal immigration enforcement personnel 
should conduct interior enforcement operations with 
the intention of creating minimal community disrup-
tion and furthering public safety. 
(4) The use of force manual of the Department 
of Justice states that reducing the need for force al-
lows officers to secure their own safety, as well as 
the safety of the public. 
(5) Section 287.8 of title 8, Code of Federal 
Regulations, requires that designated immigration 
personnel shall at the time of the arrest identify 
themselves as an immigration officer and provide the 
reason for a person’s arrest as soon as it is practical 
and safe to do so. 
(6) The First Amendment prevents Federal im-
migration enforcement personnel from using force 
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against, or to impede the work of journalists who 
are properly identified and acting lawfully. 
(7) The First Amendment protects freedom of 
speech and prevents Federal immigration enforce-
ment personnel from using force against protesters 
or bystanders acting lawfully. 
(8) Federal immigration enforcement personnel 
are to refuse orders they believe to be blatantly ille-
gal or create an unnecessary risk to public safety. 
(9) Congress condemns violence and threats di-
rected against law enforcement personnel. 
SEC. 3. ENFORCEMENT LIMITS. 
The Immigration and Nationality Act is amended by 
inserting after section 287 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 287A. FEDERAL IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT. 
‘‘(a) USE OF FORCE.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS.—All Federal immigration 
enforcement personnel shall be subject to the fol-
lowing requirements: 
‘‘(A) USE OF FORCE STANDARD.—Federal 
immigration enforcement personnel may use 
non-deadly force as follows: 
‘‘(i) No reasonably effective, safe, and 
feasible alternative appears to exist to 
bring an unlawful situation safely and ef-
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fectively under control, and the level of 
force used is proportional to the serious-
ness of the actual or threatened resistance. 
‘‘(ii) Agents shall account for factors 
such as age, injury, disability, and size of 
the subject when assessing reasonableness. 
‘‘(iii) The ‘reasonableness’ of a par-
ticular use of force must be judged from 
the perspective of a reasonable officer on 
the scene, and its calculus must account 
for the fact that law enforcement personnel 
are often forced to make split-second deci-
sions, in circumstances that are tense, un-
certain, and rapidly evolving, about the 
amount of force necessary in a particular 
situation. 
‘‘(iv) Federal immigration enforce-
ment personnel who make or attempt to 
make an arrest need not retreat or desist 
from their efforts by reason of the resist-
ance or threatened resistance of the person 
being arrested. Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel shall not be deemed 
an aggressor or lose the right to self-de-
fense by the use of force when no reason-
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ably effective, safe, and feasible alternative 
appears to exist, in compliance with clause 
(i), to effect the arrest or to prevent escape 
or to overcome resistance. For the pur-
poses of this section, ‘retreat’ does not 
mean tactical repositioning or other de-es-
calation tactics. 
‘‘(B) MINIMIZATION
OF
RISK.—Federal 
immigration enforcement personnel shall mini-
mize the risk of injury to a third person when 
using non-deadly force. 
‘‘(C) DEESCALATION.—Federal immigra-
tion enforcement personnel shall make all rea-
sonable efforts to de-escalate tensions prior to 
using force. 
‘‘(D) AFFIRMATIVE DUTY.—Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel shall have an af-
firmative duty to intervene to prevent or stop, 
as appropriate, any other Federal immigration 
enforcement personnel from engaging in exces-
sive force or any other use of force that violates 
the Constitution, other Federal laws, or policies 
on the reasonable use of force. Such personnel 
who witness excessive use of force shall also 
have a duty to report it to their chain of com-
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mand or the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity’s Office of the Inspector General. Such per-
sonnel shall recognize and act upon the affirma-
tive duty to request and, as appropriate, render 
medical aid, if needed. 
‘‘(E) MASKS.—Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel shall limit the use of 
masks or face coverings, except in the case that 
a supervisory officer provides written approval 
for such use in one of the following instances: 
‘‘(i) The target poses a national secu-
rity threat. 
‘‘(ii) There is a high likelihood that 
the personnel needs to maintain anonymity 
for future covert operations. 
‘‘(iii) Masks are necessary to protect 
personnel’s health from environmental haz-
ards. 
‘‘(F) IDENTIFICATION.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Federal immigra-
tion enforcement personnel shall wear a 
uniform or identification clearly displaying 
their agency or that they are Federal im-
migration enforcement personnel, unless— 
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‘‘(I) the target poses a public 
safety or national security threat; 
‘‘(II) not wearing identification is 
necessary to safely carry out the oper-
ation; and 
‘‘(III) 
the 
personnel 
receives 
prior written approval from a super-
visory officer. 
‘‘(ii) RESTRICTION.—No uniform of 
Federal 
immigration 
enforcement 
per-
sonnel may use the title ‘Police’ or any 
other identifier that may result in them 
being misidentified as local police officers. 
‘‘(2) RESTRICTED EQUIPMENT.—Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel are prohibited from 
being equipped with or using noise flash diversionary 
devices (also known as flash bangs), rubber bullets, 
pepper balls, and tear gas, except for the following 
immigration enforcement operations purposes: 
‘‘(A) An immigration enforcement oper-
ation involving the arrest of a person in the 
presence or view of Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel who is entering or attempt-
ing to enter the United States in violation of 
any law. 
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‘‘(B) An immigration enforcement oper-
ation with respect to an enforcement target pre-
senting a public safety or national security 
threat. To qualify for this exception, personnel 
are required to complete a tactical action plan, 
to be approved by their supervisor, outlining the 
equipment they plan to use in the operation and 
provide justification for the need for this equip-
ment. Personnel may also complete a tactical 
action plan, to be approved by their supervisor, 
to provide them with the contingent authority 
to appropriately use restricted equipment in 
specified operations targeting national security 
or public safety threats in the event personnel 
unexpectedly encounter their target and do not 
have time to seek additional approval without 
jeopardizing apprehension of the target. 
‘‘(C) The exceptions under this paragraph 
shall only apply in the case of Federal immigra-
tion enforcement personnel who are trained and 
certified for the use of the specified equipment. 
‘‘(3) BACKUP TEAM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For any operation not 
qualifying for an exception under paragraph 
(2), such operation may maintain a trained and 
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certified backup team equipped with restricted 
nondeadly equipment that can be deployed 
when the safety of the primary Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel, or others, is at 
risk. 
‘‘(B) FIRST
AMENDMENT
ACTIVITIES.— 
The safety of Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel shall not be determined to be at risk 
solely due to lawful protest or other protected 
First Amendment activities. 
‘‘(4) DISCIPLINE.—The Office for Civil Rights 
and Civil Liberties of the Department of Homeland 
Security and the Office of the Inspector General of 
the Department of Justice shall be required to inves-
tigate and, if necessary, discipline any Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel, within their primary 
jurisdiction, who violates this subsection. 
‘‘(b) BODY
AND
VEHICLE
CAMERA
REQUIRE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this section, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop and 
disseminate a Department-wide directive requiring 
the use of— 
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‘‘(A) body-worn cameras by all Federal im-
migration enforcement personnel; and 
‘‘(B) dashboard cameras for all vehicles 
being used in Federal immigration enforcement 
operations and associated recording protocols. 
‘‘(2) PRINCIPLES.—In preparing the directive 
required under paragraph (1), the Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall include the following: 
‘‘(A) Benchmarks for implementation of 
the use of body-worn cameras by Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel and dashboard 
cameras for vehicles being used for Federal im-
migration enforcement to conform with a stand-
ard that cameras are on by default and may 
only be turned off in certain circumstances. 
‘‘(B) Training requirements, procedures, 
and best practices for the use of body-worn 
cameras and dashboard cameras. 
‘‘(C) Plans to publicize the directive and 
the requirements set forth in this section to en-
sure Federal immigration enforcement per-
sonnel and other impacted individuals are noti-
fied of new policies. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION.—The directive required under 
paragraph (1) shall not apply to any personnel who 
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operate in a location where the Secretary carries out 
redundant video-monitoring or video-surveillance 
that is maintained in good working order and that 
provides video footage of a quality that is the same 
or better than that which would be captured by a 
body-worn camera or dashboard camera. 
‘‘(4) RETENTION OF FOOTAGE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Body camera and 
dashboard camera video footage shall be re-
tained by the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity for 1 year after the date on which it was 
recorded, after which time such footage shall be 
permanently deleted. 
‘‘(B) ADDITIONAL
RETENTION
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Notwithstanding the retention and de-
letion requirements in subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) such video footage shall be auto-
matically retained for not less than three 
years if the video footage captures an 
interaction or event involving— 
‘‘(I) any use of force; or 
‘‘(II) an encounter involving a 
registered complaint by a subject of 
the video footage; 
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‘‘(ii) such video footage shall be re-
tained for not less than three years if a 
longer retention period is voluntarily re-
quested by— 
‘‘(I) the Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel whose body cam-
era recorded the video footage, if that 
personnel reasonably asserts the video 
footage has evidentiary or exculpatory 
value in an ongoing investigation or is 
a subject of the video footage, if the 
personnel reasonably asserts the video 
footage has evidentiary or exculpatory 
value; 
‘‘(II) any superior officer of the 
personnel whose body camera re-
corded the video footage or who is a 
subject of the video footage, if that 
superior officer reasonably asserts the 
video footage has evidentiary or excul-
patory value; 
‘‘(III) any uniformed law enforce-
ment officer, if the video footage is 
being retained solely and exclusively 
for enforcement training purposes; 
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‘‘(IV) any member of the public 
who is a subject of the video footage; 
‘‘(V) any parent or legal guard-
ian of a minor who is a subject of the 
video footage; or 
‘‘(VI) a spouse of a deceased sub-
ject, next of kin, or legally authorized 
designee; or 
‘‘(iii) footage may not be discarded 
until the conclusion of any investigation or 
lawsuit to which the footage is relevant. 
‘‘(5) RIGHT TO INSPECT.—During the retention 
periods described in paragraph (4), the following in-
dividuals shall have the right to inspect, but not re-
tain or in any matter alter, the body camera footage: 
‘‘(A) Any individual who is a subject of 
body camera video footage, and their designated 
legal counsel. 
‘‘(B) A parent of a minor subject of body 
camera video footage, and their designated legal 
counsel. 
‘‘(C) The spouse, next of kin, or legally au-
thorized designee of a deceased subject of body 
camera video footage, and their designated legal 
counsel. 
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‘‘(D) Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel whose body camera recorded the 
video footage, and their designated legal coun-
sel, subject to the limitations and restrictions in 
this part. 
‘‘(E) The superior officer of the personnel 
whose body camera recorded the video footage, 
subject to the limitations and restrictions in 
this part. 
‘‘(F) Any defense counsel who claims, pur-
suant to a written affidavit, to have a reason-
able basis for believing a video may contain evi-
dence that exculpates a client. 
‘‘(G) Any Member of Congress rep-
resenting the district in which the operation in 
the video took place. 
‘‘(H) Any Member of Congress who sits on 
a relevant Committee of jurisdiction. 
‘‘(c) TRAINING.—Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel shall receive training, at least annually— 
‘‘(1) on use of force policy and related legal up-
dates; and 
‘‘(2) to— 
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‘‘(A) reinforce the appropriate exercise of 
discretion and judgment in using non-deadly 
and deadly force; 
‘‘(B) provide techniques for the use of and 
reinforce the importance of de-escalation; 
‘‘(C) comply with the First Amendment’s 
protections for journalists, protesters, and those 
who assemble; 
‘‘(D) comply with the Fourth Amend-
ment’s 
protections 
against 
unreasonable 
searches and seizures; 
‘‘(E) reinforce the illegality of determining 
immigration 
enforcement 
targets 
primarily 
based on race; 
‘‘(F) reinforce the affirmative duty to in-
tervene to prevent or stop, as appropriate, any 
officer from engaging in excessive force or any 
other use of force that violates the Constitution, 
other Federal laws, or policies on the reasonable 
use of force; 
‘‘(G) reinforce the affirmative duty to re-
quest and/or render medical aid, as appropriate, 
where needed; and 
‘‘(H) document and keep records of prac-
tice for immigration enforcement operations. 
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‘‘(d) REQUIRING NOTIFICATION
FOR LOCAL LAW 
ENFORCEMENT.—Federal immigration enforcement shall 
notify local law enforcement of impending operations in 
their jurisdiction. 
‘‘(e) DHS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Beginning 
not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of 
this subsection, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit to Congress the following reports on the criteria 
Federal immigration enforcement personnel use to deter-
mine whether an immigrant poses a public safety or na-
tional security threat: 
‘‘(1) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit to Congress a report every 6 months detail-
ing instances where non-deadly force was used, the 
level of public safety or national security threat the 
target posed, for what reason non-deadly force was 
administered, specific instances where non-deadly 
force was improperly administered, and the meas-
ures the Department took to ensure accountability 
for improper use of force. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit to Congress a report every 6 months detail-
ing instances of assaults against Federal immigra-
tion enforcement personnel. The report shall include 
the total number of personnel involved in immigra-
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tion enforcement operations, the number of assaults 
against Federal immigration enforcement personnel, 
and details on the severity of those instances. 
‘‘(3) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
send a classified report to Congress every 6 months 
detailing instances in which Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel operated without identification. 
‘‘(4) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit a report to Congress every 6 months on the 
frequency of Federal immigration enforcement per-
sonnel using facial coverings. 
‘‘(f) DOJ REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—The Attor-
ney General shall submit a report to Congress every 6 
months on the number and circumstances of incidents of 
individuals falsely impersonating a Federal immigration 
enforcement personnel, the public safety impact of individ-
uals posing as immigration enforcement, and how the De-
partment of Justice is combating impersonations. 
‘‘(g) DATABASE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall maintain a database accessible to su-
pervisors of Federal immigration enforcement per-
sonnel with proof of certification and training for all 
Federal immigration enforcement personnel who will 
use equipment restricted under this subsection. 
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‘‘(2) ENFORCEMENT.— 
‘‘(A) SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITY.—Each 
supervisor shall be responsible and held ac-
countable if Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel without proper training and certifi-
cation use restricted equipment under sub-
section (a)(2). 
‘‘(B) IMPROPER APPROVALS.—Each super-
visor shall also be responsible and held account-
able for clearly improper approval of the au-
thority under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(3) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall create a searchable and organizable 
database, including all reports from Federal immi-
gration enforcement personnel, for the following sys-
tems: 
‘‘(A) Use of Force Incident Reporting Sys-
tem, which is mandatory for all deployments of 
force. 
‘‘(B) Significant Incident Reports, which is 
mandatory for all operational anomalies or es-
calations. 
‘‘(C) Civil Rights and Civil Liberties re-
porting, which is mandatory for all allegations 
of abuse or misconduct. 
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‘‘(4) AVAILABILITY.— 
‘‘(A) UNREDACTED
AVAILABILITY.—En-
tries from the database described in paragraph 
(3) shall be accessible to— 
‘‘(i) each Member of Congress rep-
resenting the district in which the area of 
operation is located; or 
‘‘(ii) a Member of Congress who sits 
on a relevant committee of jurisdiction. 
‘‘(B) REDACTED AVAILABILITY.—The Sec-
retary of Homeland Security shall make avail-
able to the public a version of the database that 
redacts any sensitive, personal information. 
‘‘(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) FEDERAL
IMMIGRATION
ENFORCEMENT 
PERSONNEL.—The term ‘Federal immigration en-
forcement personnel’ includes any immigration agent 
or officer who is using the authority to conduct ar-
rests or enforcement actions under sections 236 and 
287 or provides support to personnel conducting an 
enforcement action. 
‘‘(2) NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT.—The term 
‘national security threat’ means any threat, as deter-
mined by the Secretary of Homeland Security, posed 
by transnational criminal organizations, cartels, 
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human trafficking organizations, foreign terrorist or-
ganizations, and gangs with a demonstrated inter-
national reach. 
‘‘(3) PUBLIC SAFETY THREAT.—The term ‘pub-
lic safety threat’ means an imminent and substantial 
threat, as determined by the Secretary of Homeland 
Security, to the safety of others posed by an indi-
vidual.’’. 
SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this 
Act, shall be construed to— 
(1) provide Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel additional authority to exercise deadly 
force; 
(2) prevent Federal immigration enforcement 
personnel from taking action necessary to ensure the 
safety of themselves, other personnel, or bystanders; 
or 
(3) require State and local law enforcement to 
assist or be involved in Federal immigration enforce-
ment activities. 
Æ 
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