I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5470 
To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep space exploration, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 17, 2019 
Mr. WEBER of Texas introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To ensure American leadership in low-Earth orbit and deep 
space exploration, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘U.S. Leadership in Space Act of 2019’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND EXPLORATION 
Sec. 101. Steppingstone approach to exploration. 
Sec. 102. Technical amendments relating to Artemis missions. 
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Sec. 103. Establishment of Artemis program management office. 
Sec. 104. Advanced cislunar and lunar surface capabilities. 
Sec. 105. Advanced spacesuits. 
Sec. 106. Life science and physical science research. 
Sec. 107. Value of International Space Station and capabilities in low-Earth 
orbit. 
Sec. 108. Extension and modification relating to International Space Station. 
Sec. 109. Commercial development in low-Earth orbit. 
Sec. 110. Maintaining a national laboratory in space. 
TITLE II—SAFETY AND TRANSPARENCY 
Sec. 201. Crew transportation safety. 
TITLE III—U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY 
Sec. 301. Cybersecurity. 
Sec. 302. Exemption from the Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation 
Act. 
Sec. 303. Limitation on cooperation with the People’s Republic of China. 
Sec. 304. Countering Chinese threats to U.S. activities in space. 
Sec. 305. Consideration of issues related to contracting with entities receiving 
assistance from or affiliated with the People’s Republic of 
China. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘Administra-
tion’’ means the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration. 
(2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
(3) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—Except as otherwise expressly provided, the 
term 
‘‘appropriate 
committees 
of 
Congress’’ 
means— 
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate; and 
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(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives. 
(4) CISLUNAR
SPACE.—The term ‘‘cislunar 
space’’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 
orbit out to and including the region around the sur-
face of the Moon. 
(5) DEEP
SPACE.—The term ‘‘deep space’’ 
means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, 
including cislunar space. 
(6) DEVELOPMENT COST.—The term ‘‘develop-
ment cost’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 30104 of title 51, United States Code. 
(7) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter-
national Space Station. 
(8) ISS 
MANAGEMENT
ENTITY.—The term 
‘‘ISS management entity’’ means the organization 
with which the Administrator has entered into a co-
operative agreement under section 504(a) of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(a)). 
(9) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
(10) JOHNSON
SPACE
CENTER.—The term 
‘‘Johnson Space Center’’ means the Lyndon B. 
Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. 
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(11) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the 
multipurpose crew vehicle described in section 303 of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 
(12) OSTP.—The term ‘‘OSTP’’ means the Of-
fice of Science and Technology Policy. 
(13) SPACE
LAUNCH
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘‘Space Launch System’’ means the Space Launch 
System authorized under section 302 of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 
(42 U.S.C. 18322). 
(14) LUNAR
GATEWAY.—The term ‘‘Lunar 
Gateway’’ means the Lunar Orbital Platform ref-
erenced in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
2019 (Public Law 116–6). 
TITLE I—HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT 
AND EXPLORATION 
SEC. 101. STEPPINGSTONE APPROACH TO EXPLORATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 70504 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘§ 70504. Steppingstone approach to exploration 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in sustain-
able steps, may conduct missions to intermediate destina-
tions, such as the Moon, in accordance with section 
20302(b), and on a timetable determined by the avail-
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ability of funding, in order to achieve the objective of 
human exploration of Mars specified in section 202(b)(5) 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(b)(5)), if the 
Administrator— 
‘‘(1) determines that each such mission dem-
onstrates or advances a technology or operational 
concept that will enable human missions to Mars; 
and 
‘‘(2) incorporates each such mission into the 
human exploration roadmap under section 432 of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 
115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note). 
‘‘(b) CISLUNAR SPACE EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES.— 
In conducting a mission under subsection (a), the Admin-
istrator shall— 
‘‘(1) use a combination of launches of the Space 
Launch System and space transportation services 
from United States commercial providers, as appro-
priate, for the mission; 
‘‘(2) plan for not fewer than one Space Launch 
System launch annually beginning after the Artemis 
II mission; and 
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‘‘(3) establish an outpost in orbit around the 
Moon that— 
‘‘(A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 
and operational concepts directly applicable to 
the space vehicle that will be used to transport 
humans to Mars; 
‘‘(B) has the capability for periodic human 
habitation; and 
‘‘(C) can function as a point of departure, 
return, or staging for Administration or non-
governmental or international partner missions 
to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 
other destinations. 
‘‘(c) COST-EFFECTIVENESS.—To maximize the cost- 
effectiveness of the long-term space exploration and utili-
zation activities of the United States, the Administrator 
shall take all necessary steps, including engaging non-
governmental and international partners, to ensure that 
activities in the Administration’s human space exploration 
program are balanced in order to help meet the require-
ments of future exploration and utilization activities lead-
ing to human habitation on the surface of Mars. 
‘‘(d) COMPLETION.—Within budgetary consider-
ations, once an exploration-related project enters its devel-
opment phase, the Administrator shall seek, to the max-
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imum extent practicable, to complete that project without 
undue delay. 
‘‘(e) INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION.—To achieve 
the goal of successfully conducting a crewed mission to 
the surface of Mars, the Administrator shall invite the 
partners in the ISS program and other nations, as appro-
priate, to participate in an international initiative under 
the leadership of the United States.’’. 
(b) DEFINITION
OF
CISLUNAR
SPACE.—Section 
10101 of title 51, United States Code, is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) CISLUNAR
SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 
space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 
orbit out to and including the region around the sur-
face of the Moon.’’. 
(c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
Section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18302) is 
amended by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(2) APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—The term ‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’ means— 
‘‘(A) 
the 
Committee 
on 
Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and 
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‘‘(B) the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives. 
‘‘(3) CISLUNAR
SPACE.—The term ‘cislunar 
space’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth 
orbit out to and including the region around the sur-
face of the Moon.’’. 
SEC. 
102. 
TECHNICAL 
AMENDMENTS 
RELATING 
TO 
ARTEMIS MISSIONS. 
(1) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 
(Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20301 note) is 
amended— 
(A) in subsection (c)(3)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis I’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis II’’; and 
(iii) by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis III’’; and 
(B) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ‘‘EM– 
3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 
(2) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 
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(Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note) is 
amended— 
(A) in paragraph (3)(D)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis I’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis II’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘EM– 
3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 
SEC. 103. ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN-
AGEMENT OFFICE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Johnson Space Center was established 
in 1961 to serve as the centralized location to house 
the organizations that led the Apollo program; 
(2) the Johnson Space Center has decades of 
experience working with international partners, 
other Federal agencies, and partners in industry and 
academia to study, develop, and carry out the 
human spaceflight priorities of the United States; 
(3) the Johnson Space Center’s architecture 
and program roles include crewed mission manage-
ment, program definition and management, systems 
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analysis and concepts, as well as overall crewed des-
tination system development integration; 
(4) NASA has documented its lessons learned 
for complex program management within the NASA 
Policy Directive (NPD 7120.4) for Program/Project 
Management and NASA Space Flight Program and 
Project Management Requirements (NPR 7120.5). 
These documents delineate the scope and expecta-
tions for successful program implementation in 
NASA; and 
(5) the Artemis program should leverage the ex-
pertise unique to Johnson Space Center. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAN-
AGEMENT OFFICE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish the Artemis program management office at 
Johnson Space Center. 
SEC. 104. ADVANCED CISLUNAR AND LUNAR SURFACE CA-
PABILITIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) NASA developed the Artemis program— 
(A) to fulfill the goal of landing United 
States astronauts, including the first woman 
and the next man, on the Moon by 2024; and 
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(B) to collaborate with commercial and 
international partners to establish sustainable 
lunar exploration by 2028; and 
(2) in carrying out the Artemis program, the 
Administration should ensure that the entire 
Artemis program is inclusive and representative of 
all people of the United States, including women and 
minorities. 
(b) LANDER PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall fos-
ter the flight demonstration of not more than 2 
human-class lunar lander designs through public-pri-
vate partnerships. 
(2) INITIAL DEVELOPMENT PHASE.—The Ad-
ministrator may support the formulation of more 
than 2 concepts in the initial development phase. 
(c) LUNAR GATEWAY PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish an outpost in orbit around the Moon that— 
(A) demonstrates technologies, systems, 
and operational concepts directly applicable to 
the space vehicle that will be used to transport 
humans to Mars; 
(B) has the capability for periodic human 
habitation; and 
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(C) can function as a point of departure, 
return, or staging for Administration or non-
governmental or international partner missions 
to multiple locations on the lunar surface or 
other destinations. 
(d) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the programs 
under subsection (b) and subsection (c), the Administrator 
shall— 
(1) enter into industry-led partnerships using a 
fixed-price, milestone-based approach; 
(2) to the maximum extent practicable, encour-
age reusability and sustainability of systems devel-
oped; 
(3) ensure availability of one or more lunar 
polar science payloads for a demonstration mission; 
and 
(4) to the maximum extent practicable, offer ex-
isting capabilities and assets of NASA centers to 
support these partnerships. 
(e) FULL UTILIZATION OF SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM, 
EXPLORATION
UPPER
STAGE, 
AND
EXPLORATION 
GROUND SYSTEMS.—In carrying out the program under 
subsection (b), the Administrator shall— 
(1) to the maximum extent practicable, make 
use of the Space Launch System, Exploration Upper 
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Stage, Exploration Ground Systems, and associated 
facilities and infrastructure available for the launch 
of an integrated Human Landing System; and 
(2) as space allows, add secondary payload ca-
pacity on the Space Launch System to support on-
going Human Landing Systems and Lunar Gateway 
elements. 
SEC. 105. ADVANCED SPACESUITS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that next-generation advanced spacesuits are a crit-
ical technology for human space exploration and use of 
low-Earth orbit, cislunar space, the surface of the Moon, 
and Mars. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT PLAN.—The Administrator shall 
establish a detailed plan for the development and manu-
facture of advanced spacesuits, consistent with the deep 
space exploration goals and timetables of NASA. 
(c) DIVERSE ASTRONAUT CORPS.—The Adminis-
trator shall ensure that spacesuits developed and manufac-
tured after the date of the enactment of this Act are capa-
ble of accommodating a wide range of sizes of astronauts 
so as to meet the needs of the diverse NASA astronaut 
corps. 
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(d) ISS USE.—Throughout the operational life of the 
ISS, the Administrator should fully use the ISS for testing 
advanced spacesuits. 
(e) PRIOR INVESTMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In developing an advanced 
spacesuit, the Administrator shall, to the maximum 
extent practicable, leverage prior and existing invest-
ments in advanced spacesuit technologies to maxi-
mize the benefits of such investments and tech-
nologies. 
(2) AGREEMENTS WITH PRIVATE ENTITIES.—In 
carrying out this subsection, the Administrator may 
enter into one or more agreements with one or more 
private entities for the manufacture of advanced 
spacesuits, as the Administrator considers appro-
priate. 
(f) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and semiannually there-
after until NASA procures advanced spacesuits under this 
section, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate com-
mittees of Congress on the development plan in subsection 
(b). 
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SEC. 106. LIFE SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE RE-
SEARCH. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the 2011 decadal survey on biological and 
physical sciences in space identifies— 
(A) many areas in which fundamental sci-
entific research is needed to efficiently advance 
the range of human activities in space, from the 
first stages of exploration to eventual economic 
development; and 
(B) many areas of basic and applied sci-
entific research that could use the microgravity, 
radiation, and other aspects of the spaceflight 
environment to answer fundamental scientific 
questions; 
(2) given the central role of life science and 
physical science research in developing the future of 
space exploration, NASA should continue to invest 
strategically in such research to maintain United 
States leadership in space exploration; and 
(3) such research remains important to the ob-
jectives of NASA with respect to long-duration deep 
space human exploration to the Moon and Mars, and 
developing a commercial space economy in low-Earth 
orbit. 
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(b) PROGRAM CONTINUATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In support of the goals de-
scribed in section 20302 of title 51, United States 
Code, the Administrator shall continue to implement 
a collaborative, multidisciplinary life science and 
physical science fundamental research program— 
(A) to build a scientific foundation for the 
exploration and development of space; 
(B) to investigate the mechanisms of 
changes to biological systems and physical sys-
tems, and the environments of those systems in 
space, including the effects of long-duration ex-
posure to deep space-related environmental fac-
tors on those systems; 
(C) to understand the effects of combined 
deep space radiation and altered gravity levels 
on biological systems so as to inform the devel-
opment and testing of potential counter-
measures; 
(D) to understand physical phenomena in 
reduced gravity that affect design and perform-
ance of enabling technologies necessary for the 
space exploration program; 
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(E) to provide scientific opportunities to 
educate, train, and develop the next generation 
of researchers and engineers; and 
(F) to provide state-of-the-art data reposi-
tories and curation of large multi-data sets to 
enable comparative research analyses. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The program under para-
graph (1) shall— 
(A) include fundamental research relating 
to life science, space bioscience, and physical 
science; and 
(B) maximize intra-agency and interagency 
partnerships to advance space exploration, sci-
entific knowledge, and benefits to Earth. 
(3) USE OF FACILITIES.—In carrying out the 
program under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
may use ground-based, air-based, and space-based 
facilities in low-Earth orbit and beyond low-Earth 
orbit. 
(c) LUNAR DISCOVERY PROGRAMS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator may 
carry out a program to conduct lunar science re-
search, including missions to the surface of the 
Moon, that materially contributes to the objective 
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described in section 20102(d)(1) of title 51, United 
States Code. 
(A) COMMERCIAL LANDERS.—In carrying 
out a program under subsection (a), the Admin-
istrator may procure the services of commercial 
landers developed primarily by United States 
industry to land science payloads of all classes 
on the lunar surface. 
(B) LUNAR SCIENCE RESEARCH.—The Ad-
ministrator shall ensure that lunar science re-
search carried out under subsection (a) is con-
sistent with recommendations made by the Na-
tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine. 
(C) LUNAR
POLAR
VOLATILES.—In car-
rying out a program under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall, at the earliest opportunity, 
consider mission proposals to evaluate the po-
tential of lunar polar volatiles to contribute to 
sustainable lunar exploration. 
SEC. 107. VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND 
CAPABILITIES IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
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(1) it is in the national and economic security 
interests of the United States to maintain a contin-
uous human presence in low-Earth orbit; 
(2) low-Earth orbit should be used as a test bed 
to advance human space exploration and scientific 
discoveries; and 
(3) the ISS is a critical component of economic, 
commercial, and industrial development in low-Earth 
orbit. 
(b) HUMAN PRESENCE REQUIREMENT.—The United 
States shall continuously maintain the capability for a 
continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit through 
and beyond the useful life of the ISS. 
SEC. 108. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION RELATING TO 
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 
(a) POLICY.—Section 501(a) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351(a)) is amended by striking 
‘‘2024’’ and inserting ‘‘2030’’. 
(b) MAINTENANCE OF UNITED STATES SEGMENT 
AND ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED OPERATIONS.—Section 
503(a) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353(a)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting 
‘‘September 30, 2030’’. 
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(c) RESEARCH CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND INTE-
GRATION OF RESEARCH PAYLOADS.—Section 504(d) of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence— 
(A) by striking ‘‘As soon as practicable’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2011,’’ and in-
serting ‘‘The’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and 
inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by 
striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2030’’. 
(d) MAINTENANCE OF USE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 70907 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘2024’’ and inserting ‘‘2030’’; 
(B) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 
2030’’; and 
(C) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 
2030’’. 
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(e) 
TRANSITION
PLAN
REPORTS.—Section 
50111(c)(2) of title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 
by striking ‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2028’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘2028’’ 
and inserting ‘‘2030’’. 
(f) ELIMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA-
TION NATIONAL LABORATORY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 
Section 70906 of title 51, United States Code, is repealed. 
(g) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Chapter 709 of 
title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating section 70907 as section 
70906; and 
(2) in the table of sections for the chapter, by 
striking the items relating to sections 70906 and 
70907 and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 70906. Maintaining use through at least 2030.’’. 
SEC. 109. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOW-EARTH 
ORBIT. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to encourage the development of a thriving 
and robust United States commercial sector in low-Earth 
orbit. 
(b) PREFERENCE FOR UNITED STATES COMMERCIAL 
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.—The Administrator shall con-
tinue to increase the use of assets, products, and services 
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of private entities in the United States to fulfill the low- 
Earth orbit requirements of the Administration. 
(c) NONCOMPETITION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the Administrator may not offer to a for-
eign person or a foreign government a spaceflight 
product or service relating to the ISS, if a com-
parable spaceflight product or service, as applicable, 
is offered by a private entity in the United States. 
(2) EXCEPTION.—The Administrator may offer 
a space-flight product or service relating to the ISS 
to the government of a country that is a signatory 
to the Agreement Among the Government of Can-
ada, Governments of Member States of the Euro-
pean Space Agency, the Government of Japan, the 
Government of the Russian Federation, and the 
Government of the United States of America Con-
cerning Cooperation on the Civil International Space 
Station, signed at Washington January 29, 1998, 
and entered into force on March 27, 2001 (TIAS 
12927). This includes any foreign nationals that are 
sponsored by the signatories of the Agreement. 
(d) SHORT-DURATION COMMERCIAL MISSIONS.—To 
provide opportunities for additional transport of astro-
nauts to the ISS and help establish a commercial market 
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in low-Earth orbit, the Administrator may permit short- 
duration missions to the ISS for commercial passengers. 
(e) PROGRAM AUTHORIZATION.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 
establish a low-Earth orbit development program to 
encourage the fullest commercial use and develop-
ment of space by private entities in the United 
States. 
(2) 
ELEMENTS.—The 
program 
established 
under paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, include activities— 
(A) to stimulate demand for— 
(i) space-based commercial research, 
development, and manufacturing; 
(ii) spaceflight products and services; 
and 
(iii) human spaceflight products and 
services in low-Earth orbit; 
(B) to improve the capability of the ISS to 
accommodate commercial users; and 
(C) subject to paragraph (3), to foster the 
development of commercial space stations and 
habitats. 
(3) COMMERCIAL SPACE STATIONS AND HABI-
TATS.— 
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(A) PRIORITY.—With respect to an activity 
to develop a commercial space station or habi-
tat, the Administrator shall give priority to an 
activity for which a private entity provides a 
share of the cost to develop and operate the ac-
tivity. 
(B) LIMITATION.—The Administrator may 
not provide funding for the development of a 
commercial space station or habitat until after 
the date on which the Administrator awards a 
contract for the use of a docking port on the 
ISS. 
(C) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days 
after the date that an award or agreement is 
made to carry out an activity to develop a com-
mercial space station or habitat, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to the appropriate commit-
tees of Congress a report on the development of 
the commercial space station or habitat, as ap-
plicable, that includes— 
(i) a business plan that describes the 
manner in which the project will— 
(I) meet the future requirements 
of NASA for low-Earth orbit human 
space-flight services; and 
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as a national laboratory under section 70905(b) of 
title 51, United States Code— 
(A) benefits the scientific community and 
promotes commerce in space; 
(B) fosters stronger relationships among 
NASA and other Federal agencies, the private 
sector, and research groups and universities; 
(C) advances science, technology, engineer-
ing, and mathematics education through use of 
the unique microgravity environment; and 
(D) advances human knowledge and inter-
national cooperation; 
(2) after the ISS is decommissioned, the United 
States should maintain a national microgravity lab-
oratory in space; 
(3) in maintaining a national microgravity lab-
oratory in space, the United States should make ap-
propriate accommodations for different types of own-
ership and operation arrangements for the ISS and 
future space stations; 
(4) to the maximum extent practicable, a na-
tional microgravity laboratory in space should be 
maintained in cooperation with international space 
partners; and 
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(5) NASA should continue to support funda-
mental science research on future platforms in low- 
Earth orbit and cislunar space, orbital and sub-
orbital flights, drop towers, and other microgravity 
testing environments. 
(b) REPORT.—The Administrator, in coordination 
with the National Space Council and other Federal agen-
cies as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall 
issue a report detailing the feasibility of establishing a 
microgravity national laboratory federally funded research 
and development center to carry out activities relating to 
the study and use of in-space conditions. 
TITLE II—SAFETY AND 
TRANSPARENCY 
SEC. 201. CREW TRANSPORTATION SAFETY. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) ensuring the safety of American astronauts 
is the top priority of NASA’s human spaceflight pro-
gram; 
(2) in efforts to meet deadlines to return hu-
mans to the Moon, NASA should take all steps nec-
essary to mitigate any and all risk to crew; and 
(3) it is the role of Congress to exercise pru-
dence in the use of taxpayer dollars and ensure 
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transparency to the taxpayer to the greatest extent 
possible. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—To ensure that NASA’s human 
exploration systems comply with the direction in this Act 
to have a shared safety standard that is consistent across 
all elements of the architecture, the Administrator shall— 
(1) implement a program to ensure that best 
practices, lessons learned and other information is 
shared across all elements of the human exploration 
program, including public-private partnerships and 
commercial service procurement; 
(2) require that any entity receiving funding for 
the development or operation of a human spaceflight 
element or activity make all necessary information 
available to NASA and the appropriate government 
oversight entities, including the NASA Advisory 
Committee and its subcommittees, the Aerospace 
Safety Advisory Committee and the relevant commit-
tees of Congress; and 
(3) produce a public report twice a year detail-
ing progress towards meeting or sustaining the 
shared safety standards and identifying areas, pro-
grams, or services where these standards have not 
been met or maintained, and the associated correc-
tive action to address these issues. 
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(c) REPORT.—Within 120 days of enactment, the Ad-
ministrator shall provide a report to the Committees on 
the implementation of this direction and how it plans to 
ensure these comparable safety standards are met 
throughout the development, test and operation of such 
systems. 
(d) CONGRESSIONAL NOTICE.— 
(1) Should any element of human exploration 
system architecture, whether owned and operated by 
NASA, developed and operated as a public-private 
partnership or procured as a commercial service, 
fails to meet the common safety standards estab-
lished, Congress shall be notified and receive a re-
port on corrective actions and options available to 
improve safety and resiliency of such system(s) with-
in 30 days. 
TITLE III—U.S. NATIONAL 
SECURITY 
SEC. 301. CYBERSECURITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 20301 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(c) CYBERSECURITY.—The Administrator shall up-
date and improve the cybersecurity of NASA space assets 
and supporting infrastructure.’’. 
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(b) SECURITY OPERATIONS CENTER.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 
maintain a Security Operations Center, to identify 
and respond to cybersecurity threats to NASA infor-
mation technology systems, including institutional 
systems and mission systems. 
(2) 
INSPECTOR
GENERAL
RECOMMENDA-
TIONS.—The Administrator shall implement, to the 
maximum extent practicable, each of the rec-
ommendations contained in the report of the Inspec-
tor General of NASA entitled ‘‘Audit of NASA’s Se-
curity Operations Center’’, issued on May 23, 2018. 
(c) CYBER THREAT HUNT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in co-
ordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security 
and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, 
may implement a cyber threat hunt capability to 
proactively search NASA information systems for 
advanced cyber threats that otherwise evade existing 
security tools. 
(2) THREAT-HUNTING
PROCESS.—In carrying 
out paragraph (1), the Administrator shall develop 
and document a threat-hunting process, including 
the roles and responsibilities of individuals con-
ducting a cyber threat hunt. 
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(d) GAO PRIORITY RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Ad-
ministrator shall implement, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the recommendations for NASA contained in the 
report of the Comptroller General of the United States 
entitled ‘‘Information Security: Agencies Need to Improve 
Controls over Selected High-Impact Systems’’, issued May 
18, 2016, including— 
(1) re-evaluating security control assessments; 
and 
(2) specifying metrics for the continuous moni-
toring strategy of the Administration. 
SEC. 302. EXEMPTION FROM THE IRAN, NORTH KOREA, AND 
SYRIA NONPROLIFERATION ACT. 
Section 7(1) of the Iran, North Korea, and Syria 
Nonproliferation Act (Public Law 106–178; 50 U.S.C. 
1701 note) is amended, in the undesignated matter fol-
lowing subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘December 31, 
2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2030’’. 
SEC. 303. LIMITATION ON COOPERATION WITH THE PEO-
PLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided by subsection 
(b), the Administrator, the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, and the Chair of the Na-
tional Space Council, shall not— 
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(1) develop, design, plan, promulgate, imple-
ment, or execute a bilateral policy, program, order, 
or contract of any kind to participate, collaborate, or 
coordinate bilaterally in any manner with— 
(A) the Government of the People’s Repub-
lic of China; or 
(B) any company— 
(i) owned by the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China; or 
(ii) incorporated under the laws of the 
People’s Republic of China; and 
(2) host official visitors from the People’s Re-
public of China at a facility belonging to or used by 
NASA. 
(b) WAIVER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, the Di-
rector, or the Chair may waive the limitation under 
subsection (a) with respect to an activity described 
in that subsection only if the Administrator, the Di-
rector, or the Chair, as applicable, makes a deter-
mination that the activity— 
(A) does not pose a risk of a transfer of 
technology, data, or other information with na-
tional security or economic security implications 
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to an entity described in paragraph (1) of such 
subsection; and 
(B) does not involve knowing interactions 
with officials who have been determined by the 
United States to have direct involvement with 
violations of human rights. 
(2) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not later 
than 30 days after the date on which a waiver is 
granted under paragraph (1), the Administrator, the 
Director, or the Chair, as applicable, shall submit to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation and the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology and the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives a written cer-
tification that the activity complies with the require-
ments in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of that para-
graph. 
SEC. 304. COUNTERING CHINESE THREATS TO U.S. ACTIVI-
TIES IN SPACE. 
(a) FINDINGS.— 
(1) The Government of the People’s Republic of 
China maintains, as a national priority, a global pro-
gram of theft and other misappropriation of intellec-
tual property, and unacceptable technology transfer 
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requirements, particularly in fields of high tech-
nology. 
(2) China is taking steps to establish a com-
manding position in the commercial launch and sat-
ellite sectors relying in part on aggressive state- 
backed financing that market-driven companies can-
not match. 
(3) China has engaged in an aggressive cam-
paign to dominate sensitive markets such as germa-
nium wafer production, used for nearly all special-
ized satellite solar panels, allowing China ownership 
of over 70 percent of global germanium mining, re-
fining, and production. 
(4) China has begun focusing on the lunar sur-
face and cislunar space as priorities in its space pro-
gram, which is indistinguishable from its armed 
forces. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment, the Executive Secretary of the National 
Space Council shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report that includes: 
(1) How China is harming the U.S. commercial 
space industry’s competitiveness and threatening 
U.S. national security. Specifically, the Executive 
Secretary shall investigate— 
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(A) theft of intellectual property through 
technology transfer requirements or otherwise; 
(B) Chinese efforts to seize control over 
critical elements of the space industry supply 
chain; 
(C) Chinese efforts to seize control over 
space industry companies, sister companies with 
shared leadership, or supply chain; and 
(D) U.S. cybersecurity weaknesses. 
(2) Current steps the United States is taking to 
protect its domestic space industry from Chinese in-
fluence. 
(3) Recommendations to Congress on legislative 
action necessary to address Chinese threats to the 
U.S. domestic commercial launch and satellite indus-
tries and improve U.S. efforts to counter threats to 
U.S. activities in space. 
(4) Recommendations on how the U.S. Govern-
ment can best utilize existing Federal entities to in-
vestigate and act against potentially harmful Chi-
nese investment into the U.S. commercial space in-
dustry, and how the U.S. Government can bolster 
domestic investment in critical U.S. space industry 
technologies. 
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SEC. 305. CONSIDERATION OF ISSUES RELATED TO CON-
TRACTING WITH ENTITIES RECEIVING AS-
SISTANCE FROM OR AFFILIATED WITH THE 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
In considering any response to a request for a pro-
posal, request for information, broad area announcement, 
or any other form of request or solicitation, and in consid-
ering or undertaking any negotiation or conclusion of any 
contract, agreement, or other transaction with any com-
mercial or non-commercial entity, the Administrator shall, 
in consultation with appropriate Federal departments and 
agencies, take into account the implications of any benefit 
received by such commercial or non-commercial entity (or 
any other commercial or non-commercial entity related 
through ownership, control, or other affiliation to such en-
tity) as a result of a significant loan or other financial 
assistance provided by— 
(1) any governmental organization of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China; or 
(2) any other entity that is— 
(A) majority owned or controlled by, or 
otherwise affiliated with, any governmental or-
ganization of the People’s Republic of China; or 
(B) organized under, or otherwise subject 
to, the laws of the People’s Republic of China. 
Æ 
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