section 131(b)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961, who are refugees; and 
(B) for policy and regulatory programs at 
the country level that improve the environment 
for microenterprise among refugee populations. 
(2) GRANT
PROVIDERS.—Assistance described 
in paragraph (1) shall be provided through United 
States and indigenous private and voluntary organi-
zations, credit unions, cooperatives, and other non-
governmental organizations with a capacity to de-
velop and implement microenterprise programs. 
SEC. 307. INTERNATIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION AND 
TRAINING. 
Section 541 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2347) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘or (iv)’’ and inserting ‘‘(iv)’’; 
and 
(2) by striking ‘‘rights.’’ and inserting ‘‘rights, 
or (v) improve the protection of civilians, especially 
women and children who are affected by armed con-
flict, including those who, as a result of an armed 
conflict, are refugees or displaced persons.’’. 
SEC. 308. PROTECTION INITIATIVES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
(1) the Secretary and the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development 
should continue to develop protection initiatives that 
support nongovernmental organizations and multilat-
eral institutions in identifying protection problems 
associated with complex humanitarian emergencies 
and strategies for prevention of gender-based vio-
lence and exploitation of children and accountability 
during a complex humanitarian emergency, includ-
ing—
(A) training of field workers on identifying 
and responding to gender-based violence and 
the exploitation of children; 
(B) support for the rapid deployment of 
personnel trained to identify protection needs to 
areas affected by complex humanitarian emer-
gencies; 
(C) support for registration initiatives 
which document refugees and internally dis-
placed persons for purposes including the provi-
sion of assistance to such persons and of family 
reunification; and 
(D) support for programs that provide as-
sistance to women who were displaced due to a 
complex humanitarian emergency, including—
(i) psycho-social counseling; 
(ii) training related to income genera-
tion and employment skills; and 
(iii) emergency health care required to 
respond to gender-based violence; and 
(2) the United Nations High Commissioner for 
Refugees should review—
(A) its placement practices to ensure 
that—
(i) senior protection officials are as-
signed to the posts where women and chil-
dren are in the most danger of gender-
based violence or exploitation; 
(ii) experienced protection officers are 
present at border crossings; and 
(iii) more female staff are present in 
camps for refugees or displaced persons; 
and 
(B) its personnel system to facilitate the 
hiring of successful junior professional officers 
on a permanent basis following their initial 
tours of duty. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall report to the 
appropriate congressional committees any steps taken to
develop the protection initiatives described in subsection 
(a). 
SEC. 309. ACCOUNTABILITY. 
(a) REQUIRED ACTIONS.—Each coordinator shall—
(1) report allegations of gender-based violence, 
exploitation of children, and other protection viola-
tions to the Inter-Agency Standing Committee for 
appropriate response; and 
(2) request an annual report from the United 
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the ac-
tions taken by the High Commissioner to prevent 
gender-based violence, exploitation of children, and 
other protection violations. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Sec-
retary shall transmit to the appropriate congressional 
committees the report described in paragraph (2) of sub-
section (a). 
TITLE 
IV—POSTCONFLICT 
RE-
CONSTRUCTION AND REHA-
BILITATION 
SEC. 401. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings and state-
ments of policy:
(1) The United Nations Security Council Reso-
lution 1325 of October 31, 2000, called on all actors 
involved in the negotiation and implementation of 
peace agreements to address the specific needs of 
women and girls during and after armed conflicts. 
(2) Women and children can play an important 
role in the prevention and resolution of armed con-
flicts and in peace-building. 
(3) Despite positive roles of women in fostering 
peace, they are excluded from most peace negotia-
tions at the diplomatic and operational level. 
(4) Effective institutional arrangements de-
signed to ensure the protection and full participation 
of women and youth in the peace process, including 
peacekeeping as well as peace-building, can signifi-
cantly contribute to the maintenance and promotion 
of international peace and security. 
(5) Rape should receive special attention by war 
crimes tribunals, truth and reconciliation panels, and 
other organs of justice. 
(6) Assistance that is linked to peace processes 
should support and strengthen women’s roles as eco-
nomic leaders and assist women in accessing the 
global marketplace.
(7) Women must be afforded an equal role in 
decisionmaking to ensure that their interests are 
represented at all levels of government. 
SEC. 402. SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITIES AND FORMER COM-
BATANTS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT FOR PROGRAMS.—The Secretary, 
in conjunction with the Administrator for the United 
States Agency for International Development, shall de-
velop and implement specific programs to provide assist-
ance to communities that have been affected by a complex 
humanitarian emergency and to former combatants, in-
cluding: 
(1) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.—Multi-year eco-
nomic development programs that are intended to 
provide gender-balanced benefits and to assist fe-
male heads of households. 
(2) PRODUCTIVE
ASSETS.—Programs to in-
crease access to or ownership of productive assets 
such as land, agricultural equipment, and credit by 
women. 
(3) EDUCATION
AND
TRAINING.—Education 
and training programs that are integrated with eco-
nomic development programs to encourage the re-
integration of former combatants into society and to