IV 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 188 
Affirming the obligation of the President of the United States to comply 
with court orders. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 4, 2025 
Mr. MULLIN (for himself, Mrs. RAMIREZ, Ms. WILLIAMS of Georgia, Ms. NOR-
TON, Ms. CLARKE of New York, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, Ms. 
TLAIB, Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Mr. THANEDAR, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. 
GRIJALVA, Mr. SOTO, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mr. SWALWELL, Mrs. TORRES of 
California, Mr. KHANNA, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mrs. MCIVER, Ms. KELLY of 
Illinois, and Mr. GREEN of Texas) submitted the following resolution; 
which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
RESOLUTION 
Affirming the obligation of the President of the United 
States to comply with court orders. 
Whereas the United States District Court for the Western 
District of Washington on January 23, 2025, the United 
States District Court for the District of Maryland on 
February 5, 2025, and the United States District Court 
for the District of New Hampshire on February 10, 
2025, issued temporary restraining orders to prevent 
President of the United States Donald J. Trump from 
enforcing or implementing his executive order that would 
deny citizenship to individuals born in the United States; 
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•HRES 188 IH 
Whereas the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth 
Circuit on February 20, 2025, denied an emergency re-
quest to lift an injunction on President Trump’s execu-
tive order that would deny citizenship to individuals born 
in the United States; 
Whereas the United States District Court for the District of 
Columbia on January 28, 2025, and the United States 
District Court for the District of Rhode Island on Janu-
ary 31, 2025, and again on February 10, 2025, issued 
temporary restraining orders to prevent the Trump ad-
ministration from pausing, freezing, or terminating Fed-
eral funds appropriated by Congress; 
Whereas the United States District Court for the Southern 
District of New York issued a temporary order on Feb-
ruary 8, 2025, preventing President Trump from grant-
ing access to Treasury Department payment records and 
systems to any individual other than civil servants with 
a need for access to perform their job duties; 
Whereas the United States District Court for the District of 
Columbia on February 25, 2025, entered a preliminary 
injunction preventing the Office of Management and 
Budget from implementing, giving effect to, or rein-
stating a memorandum freezing all federal financial as-
sistance under open awards; 
Whereas the United States District Court for the Southern 
District of New York on February 21, 2025, granted a 
preliminary injunction barring the Treasury Department 
from granting any member of the DOGE team access to 
payment records, payment systems, or any other data 
systems maintained by the Treasury Department; 
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•HRES 188 IH 
Whereas the United States District Court for the Northern 
District of California on February 27, 2025, issued a 
temporary restraining order requiring the Office of Per-
sonnel and Management to rescind a directive to termi-
nate employees at the Department of Veterans Affairs, 
the National Park Service, the Small Business Adminis-
tration, the Bureau of Land Management, the Depart-
ment of Defense, and the Fish and Wildlife Service; 
Whereas, on February 9, 2025, Vice President of the United 
States J.D. Vance declared on X: ‘‘Judges aren’t allowed 
to control the executive’s legitimate power’’; 
Whereas, on February 15, 2025, President Trump declared 
on X: ‘‘He who saves his Country does not violate any 
Law’’; 
Whereas it has been established since 1803 in Marbury v. 
Madison that it is ‘‘the province and duty of the judicial 
department to say what the law is’’, and it has been fur-
ther established since 1952 in Youngstown Sheet & Tube 
Co. v. Sawyer that the President’s power ‘‘must stem ei-
ther from an Act of Congress or from the Constitution’’; 
Whereas the United States Constitution, and hundreds of 
years of common law tradition, require all persons to 
comply with orders issued by duly established courts of 
jurisdiction; 
Whereas the legal process allows for the opportunity to ap-
peal a decision with which a litigant disagrees; 
Whereas the duty to abide by a court order applies equally 
to all persons of the United States, including but not lim-
ited to government lawyers, all of whom must practice 
law in accordance with federal and state law; 
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•HRES 188 IH 
Whereas those who defy a court order must be held account-
able by our legal system; and 
Whereas failing to comply with court orders puts the rule of 
law and the separation of powers established by the Con-
stitution in grave jeopardy: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) affirms the essential role of the judiciary in 
upholding checks and balances among the three co-
equal branches of the United States Government; 
(2) calls on President Donald J. Trump and his 
administration to immediately comply with all exist-
ing court orders and decisions going forward; and 
(3) affirms the judiciary’s authority to use all 
of the tools given to it by the Constitution and Con-
gress to enforce its orders. 
Æ 
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