‘‘(ii) to physically seal the record shut 
and label the record ‘SEALED’ or, in the 
case of an electronic record, the sub-
stantive equivalent; and 
‘‘(B) has the effect described in section 
3631(g), including— 
‘‘(i) the right to treat an offense to 
which an expunged record relates, and any 
arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, ad-
judication, conviction, or other result of 
such proceeding relating to the offense, as 
if it never occurred; and 
‘‘(ii) protection from civil and criminal 
perjury, false swearing, and false state-
ment laws with respect to an expunged 
record; 
‘‘(6) the term ‘conviction’— 
‘‘(A) means a judgment or disposition in 
criminal court against a person following a find-
ing of guilt by a judge or jury; and 
‘‘(B) for the purposes of this section— 
‘‘(i) multiple convictions shall be 
deemed to be one conviction if the convic-
tions result from or relate to the same act 
or acts committed at the same time; and 
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‘‘(ii) multiple convictions, not to ex-
ceed 3, that do not result from or relate to 
the same act or acts committed at the 
same time shall be deemed to be one con-
viction if the convictions result from or re-
late to the same indictment, information, 
or complaint, or plea of guilty; and 
‘‘(7) the term ‘destroy’ means to render a file 
unreadable, whether paper, electronic, or otherwise 
stored, by shredding, pulverizing, pulping, incin-
erating, overwriting, reformatting the media, or 
other means. 
‘‘§ 3634. Reporting 
‘‘Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this subchapter, and each year thereafter, the Attorney 
General shall issue a public report that— 
‘‘(1) describes— 
‘‘(A) the number of expungement and seal-
ing petitions granted and denied; and 
‘‘(B) the number of instances in which the 
office of a United States attorney supported or 
opposed an expungement or sealing petition; 
and 
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‘‘(2) includes any supporting data that the 
court determines relevant but does not name any pe-
titioner.’’. 
SEC. 203. RETROACTIVE EFFECT. 
This Act and the amendments made by this Act apply 
with respect to youth without regard to whether they be-
come involved in the Federal criminal justice system be-
fore, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Subtitle B—Youth Prison Reduc-
tion 
Through 
Opportunities, 
Mentoring, Intervention, Sup-
port, and Education 
SEC. 211. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Youth Prison Re-
duction through Opportunities, Mentoring, Intervention, 
Support, and Education Act’’ or the ‘‘Youth PROMISE 
Act’’. 
SEC. 212. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Office of Ju-
venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 
(2) 
COMMUNITY.—The 
term 
‘‘community’’ 
means a unit of local government or an Indian tribe, 
or part of such a unit or tribe, as determined by 
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such a unit or tribe for the purpose of applying for 
a grant under this Act. 
(3) DESIGNATED
GEOGRAPHIC
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘designated geographic area’’ means a 5-digit 
postal ZIP Code assigned to a geographic area by 
the United States Postal Service. 
(4) EVIDENCE-BASED.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘evidence- 
based’’, when used with respect to a practice re-
lating to juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity prevention and intervention, 
means a practice (including a service, program, 
activity, intervention, technology, or strategy) 
for which the Administrator has determined— 
(i) causal evidence documents a rela-
tionship between the practice and its in-
tended outcome, based on measures of the 
direction and size of a change, and the ex-
tent to which a change may be attributed 
to the practice; and 
(ii) the use of scientific methods rules 
out, to the extent possible, alternative ex-
planations for the documented change. 
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(B) SCIENTIFIC METHODS.—For the pur-
poses of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘scientific 
methods’’ means— 
(i) evaluation by an experimental trial, 
in which participants are randomly as-
signed to participate in the practice that is 
subject to such trial; or 
(ii) evaluation by a quasi-experimental 
trial, in which the outcomes for partici-
pants are compared with outcomes for a 
control group that is made up of individ-
uals who are similar to such participants. 
(5) INTERVENTION.—The term ‘‘intervention’’ 
means the provision of programs and services that 
are supported by research, are evidence-based or 
promising practices, and are provided to youth who 
are involved in, or who are identified by evidence- 
based risk assessment methods as being at high risk 
of continued involvement in, juvenile delinquency or 
criminal street gangs, as a result of indications that 
demonstrate involvement with problems such as tru-
ancy, substance abuse, mental health treatment 
needs, or siblings who have had involvement with ju-
venile or criminal justice systems. 
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(6) JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
AND
CRIMINAL 
STREET
GANG
ACTIVITY
PREVENTION.—The term 
‘‘juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang activ-
ity prevention’’ means the provision of programs and 
resources to children and families who have not yet 
had substantial contact with criminal justice or juve-
nile justice systems, that— 
(A) are designed to reduce potential juve-
nile delinquency and criminal street gang activ-
ity risks; and 
(B) are evidence-based or promising edu-
cational, health, mental health, school-based, 
community-based, faith-based, parenting, job 
training, social opportunities and experiences, 
or other programs, for youth and their families, 
that have been demonstrated to be effective in 
reducing juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity risks. 
(7) PROMISING.—The term ‘‘promising’’, when 
used with respect to a practice relating to juvenile 
delinquency and criminal street gang activity preven-
tion and intervention, means a practice (including a 
service, program, activity, intervention, technology, 
or strategy) that, based on statistical analyses or a 
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theory of change, the Administrator has deter-
mined— 
(A) has outcomes from an evaluation that 
demonstrate such practice reduces juvenile de-
linquency and criminal street gang activity; and 
(B) is part of a study being conducted to 
determine if such a practice is evidence-based. 
(8) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 
American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Is-
lands, and any other territories or possessions of the 
United States. 
(9) THEORY OF CHANGE.—The term ‘‘theory of 
change’’ means a program planning strategy ap-
proved by the Administrator that outlines the types 
of interventions and outcomes essential to achieving 
a set of program goals. 
(10) YOUTH.—The term ‘‘youth’’ means— 
(A) an individual who is 18 years of age or 
younger; or 
(B) in any State in which the maximum 
age at which the juvenile justice system of such 
State has jurisdiction over individuals exceeds 
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18 years of age, an individual who is such max-
imum age or younger. 
SEC. 213. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds as follows: 
(1) Youth gang crime has taken a toll on a 
number of communities, and senseless acts of gang- 
related violence have imposed economic, social, and 
human costs. 
(2) Drug- and alcohol-dependent youth, and 
youth dually diagnosed with addiction and mental 
health disorders, are more likely to become involved 
with the juvenile justice system than youth without 
such risk factors, absent appropriate prevention and 
intervention services. 
(3) Children of color are over-represented rel-
ative to the general population at every stage of the 
juvenile justice system. Black youth are 17 percent 
of the United States population, but represent 38 
percent of youth in secure placement juvenile facili-
ties, and 58 percent of youth incarcerated in adult 
prisons. 
(4) Research funded by the Department of Jus-
tice indicates that gang membership is short-lived 
among adolescents. With very few youth remaining 
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gang-involved throughout their adolescent years, on-
going opportunities for intervention exist. 
(5) Criminal justice costs have become burden-
some in many States and cities, requiring reductions 
in vital educational, social, welfare, mental health, 
and related services. 
(6) Direct expenditures for each of the major 
criminal justice functions, police, corrections, and ju-
dicial services, have increased steadily over the last 
30 years. In fiscal year 2012, Federal, State, and 
local 
governments 
spent 
an 
estimated 
$265,000,000,000 for police protection, corrections, 
and judicial and legal services, nearly a 213-percent 
increase since 1982. 
(7) Estimates suggest that each year the 
United States incurs over $8,000,000,000 in long- 
term costs for the confinement of young people. The 
average annual cost to incarcerate one youth is 
$146,302. 
(8) Coordinated efforts of stakeholders in the 
juvenile justice system in a local community, to-
gether with other organizations and community 
members concerned with the safety and welfare of 
children, have a strong record of demonstrated suc-
cess in reducing the impact of youth and gang-re-
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lated crime and violence, as demonstrated in Boston, 
Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Richmond, Vir-
ginia; Los Angeles, California; and other commu-
nities. 
(9) Investment in prevention and intervention 
programs for children and youth, including quality 
early childhood programs, comprehensive evidence- 
based school, after school, and summer school pro-
grams, mentoring programs, mental health and 
treatment programs, evidence-based job training 
programs, and alternative intervention programs, 
has been shown to lead to decreased youth arrests, 
decreased delinquency, lower recidivism, and greater 
financial savings from an educational, economic, so-
cial, and criminal justice perspective. 
(10) Quality early childhood education pro-
grams have been demonstrated to help children start 
school ready to learn and to reduce delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity risks. 
(11) Evidence-based mentoring programs have 
been shown to prevent youth drug abuse and vio-
lence. 
(12) Evidence-based school-based comprehen-
sive instructional programs that pair youth with re-
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sponsible adult mentors have been shown to have a 
strong impact upon delinquency prevention. 
(13) After-school programs that connect chil-
dren to caring adults and that provide constructive 
activities during the peak hours of juvenile delin-
quency and criminal street gang activity, between 3 
p.m. and 6 p.m., have been shown to reduce delin-
quency and the attendant costs imposed on the juve-
nile and criminal justice systems. 
(14) States with higher levels of educational at-
tainment have been shown to have crime rates lower 
than the national average. Researchers have found 
that a 5-percent increase in male high school grad-
uation rates would produce an annual estimated sav-
ings of $18,500,000,000 in crime-related expenses. 
(15) Therapeutic programs that engage and 
motivate high-risk youth and their families to 
change behaviors that often result in criminal activ-
ity have been shown to significantly reduce recidi-
vism among juvenile offenders, and significantly re-
duce the attendant costs of crime and delinquency 
imposed upon the juvenile and criminal justice sys-
tems. 
(16) Comprehensive programs that target kids 
who are already serious juvenile offenders by ad-
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