be heard in the political process, and the people have 
a choice in governance’’. 
(12) Egypt is a dictatorship. The due process 
and separation of powers key to any functioning de-
mocracy have been stifled in Egypt since Hosni Mu-
barak assumed the presidency more than 22 years 
ago. The so-called emergency powers he renews 
every three years allow him to arrest political oppo-
nents, their family and friends. Some experts believe 
that President Mubarak’s refusal to name a suc-
cessor or vice president suggests his intention to 
have his son, Gamal Mubarak, succeed him. 
(13) Egypt regularly tortures its citizens. Ac-
cording to the Egyptian Organization for Human 
Rights approximately 13,000 to 16,000 people are 
detained without charge on suspicion of security or 
political offenses in Egypt each year. Amnesty Inter-
national published a report last year stating that 
‘‘everyone taken into detention in Egypt is at risk of 
torture’’. 
(14) The Washington Post reported on January 
6, 2004, that 14 people have been allegedly tortured 
and killed in Egyptian jails over the course of the 
past 2 years.
(15) The Coptic Christian minority of between 
6 and 10 million in Egypt is victimized regularly, 
and remains without protection. The Government of 
Egypt has never taken responsibility for the arrest 
and torture of more than 1,200 Copts in late 1998 
in the wake of sectarian violence. 
(16) In the 1979 peace treaty between Egypt 
and Israel, each party agreed ‘‘that the normal rela-
tionship between them will include full recognition, 
diplomatic, economic and cultural relations, termi-
nation of economic boycotts, and discriminatory bar-
riers to the free movement of people and good, and 
will guarantee the mutual enjoyment by citizens of 
the due process of law’’. 
(17) As a member of the Arab League, which 
maintains a boycott against Israel, Egypt recalled its 
ambassador to Israel in November of 2000, putting 
immense strain on the diplomatic relations estab-
lished between the two countries 25 years ago at 
Camp David. 
(18) In the 1979 peace treaty between Egypt 
and Israel, each party agreed that ‘‘the Parties shall 
seek to foster mutual understanding and tolerance 
and will, accordingly, abstain from hostile propa-
ganda against each other’’.
(19) The American Jewish Committee reported 
that the government controlled newspaper, Al-
Ahkbar, published two award-winning columns enti-
tled, ‘‘Thanks to Hitler’’. The Middle East Media 
Research Institute reported that another government 
controlled paper, Al-Ahram, suggested that ‘‘respon-
sibility for [the August bombing in the Iraqi city of 
Najaf] is Western responsibility—and more specifi-
cally, American’’. 
(20) The television series ‘‘Knight Without a 
Horse’’ was broadcast on Egypt’s state-run tele-
vision during Ramadan 2002. The television pro-
gram was based on the Protocols of the Elders of 
Zion, an anti-Semitic document that suggests that 
Jews are planning to take over the world. 
(21) On March 23, 2003, The Washington Post 
reported: ‘‘The most popular singer in Egypt is 
Shaaban Abdel-Rahim, an illiterate man whose tape 
‘I hate Israel’ has sold more than 5 million copies. 
One of the most successful plays, ‘Mama America’, 
a virulently anti-American piece by well-known artist 
Mohammed Sobhi, has been running for months.’’.
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON UNITED STATES MILITARY AS-
SISTANCE FOR EGYPT. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, for fiscal year 2005 and subsequent fiscal 
years, United States military assistance may not be pro-
vided for Egypt. 
(b) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica-
tion of subsection (a) for a fiscal year if the President 
determines and certifies to Congress that it is in the na-
tional security interests of the United States to do so. 
SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the amount of United States military assist-
ance that would have been provided for Egypt for a 
fiscal year but for the application of section 3(a) 
should be provided for Egypt for such fiscal year in 
the form of economic support fund assistance under 
chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 and further that such assistance should be 
in addition to economic support fund assistance al-
ready proposed to be provided for Egypt for such 
fiscal year; 
(2) funds for economic support fund assistance 
for Egypt should not be used by the armed forces 
of Egypt;
(3) 30 days prior to the initial obligation of 
funds for economic support fund assistance for 
Egypt for a fiscal year, the President should certify 
to Congress that procedures have been established to 
ensure that the Comptroller General will have access 
to appropriate United States financial information in 
order to review the uses of such funds; and 
(4) the agreement among the United States, 
Egypt, and Israel to decrease the overall amount of 
United States foreign assistance for both countries 
should continue. 
SEC. 5. DEFINITION. 
In this Act, the term ‘‘United States military assist-
ance’’ means—
(1) assistance for nonproliferation, anti-ter-
rorism, demining and related programs and activi-
ties, including assistance under chapter 8 of part II 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to 
anti-terrorism assistance) and assistance under 
chapter 9 of part II of such Act, section 504 of the 
FREEDOM Support Act, section 23 of the Arms 
Export Control Act, or the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 for demining activities, the clearance of 
unexploded ordnance, the destruction of small arms, 
and related activities;
(2) assistance under section 541 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to international 
military education and training); and 
(3) assistance under section 23 of the Arms Ex-
port Control Act (relating to the ‘‘Foreign Military 
Finance’’ program).
Æ