SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Upholding Sovereignty 
of Airspace Act’’ or the ‘‘USA Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) According to the Department of State, sur-
veillance balloons owned and operated by the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China (PRC) have entered United 
States airspace multiple times since 2017 and have 
violated the airspace of more than 40 countries 
across 5 continents. 
(2) On February 10, 2023, the Department of 
Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security issued 
a final rule (88 Fed. Reg. 9389) that added 6 PRC 
entities to the Entity List for supporting the PRC’s 
military modernization efforts related to aerospace 
programs, including airships and balloons and re-
lated materials and components, that are used by 
the People’s Liberation Army for intelligence and re-
connaissance. 
(3) The PRC’s response has been to use misin-
formation and propaganda to deflect blame for the 
illegal surveillance activities of these balloons. 
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the presence of the PRC’s high altitude sur-
veillance balloon over United States airspace was an 
unacceptable violation of United States sovereignty; 
(2) the United States should continue to neu-
tralize foreign aerial surveillance assets that are in 
United States airspace after consideration of civilian 
aviation safety, safety of United States civilians and 
property on the ground, as well as the intelligence 
collection risk and opportunity posed by such intru-
sions; 
(3) the PRC’s global balloon surveillance pro-
gram blatantly undermines countries’ sovereignty 
and poses a threat to countries around the world; 
(4) the PRC should cease efforts to spread mis-
information and propaganda about its intelligence- 
collection efforts; 
(5) the United States Government should con-
tinue to share information about the PRC’s global 
surveillance efforts with allies and partners and 
should work jointly to hold the PRC accountable for 
its illegal surveillance actions, including at multilat-
eral fora; 
(6) the United Nations should condemn the 
PRC’s violation, through its global surveillance bal-
loon program, of the sovereignty of member states of
the United Nations and call on the PRC to ensure 
its balloons do not violate sovereign airspace again; 
(7) the International Civil Aviation Organiza-
tion (ICAO) should condemn the PRC for this viola-
tion of airspace and the PRC’s ICAO commitments; 
and 
(8) as consistent with international law, the 
United States should use regulatory and enforce-
ment tools to protect national security and sov-
ereignty by identifying and disrupting the PRC’s use 
of surveillance balloons. 
SEC. 4. INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION AND PRESSURE. 
(a) DIPLOMATIC
STRATEGY.—The Secretary of 
State, in consultation with the Director of National Intel-
ligence and the United States Permanent Representative 
to the United Nations, shall develop a diplomatic strategy 
to inform allies and partners of the scope of the PRC sur-
veillance program and build global consensus in order to 
address the PRC’s global surveillance balloon program, in-
cluding by— 
(1) using the voice of the United States at the 
International Civil Aviation Organization to support 
Taiwan’s participation in the events and meetings of 
that Organization;
(2) sharing intelligence, as appropriate about 
the PRC’s global balloon program and its past viola-
tion of the sovereign airspace of allies and partners; 
(3) coordinating with United States allies and 
partners to identify and track future PRC surveil-
lance balloons, counter PRC propaganda and misin-
formation about its global surveillance program, and 
publicly share any future violations of sovereignty; 
(4) using the voice, vote, and influence of the 
United States at the United Nations and other 
international and regional organizations to spur 
greater diplomatic pressure on the PRC to halt its 
surveillance collection operations that violate inter-
national sovereignty; 
(5) raising the challenges posed by the PRC’s 
global surveillance balloon program at major multi-
lateral forums, including at the G7 and G20 sum-
mits; and 
(6) coordinating with allies and partners on the 
imposition and implementation of substantially simi-
lar sanctions and export controls to ensure that com-
modities, software, or technology from the United 
States and its allies and partners are not supporting 
the PRC’s global surveillance efforts.
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and 
the United States Permanent Representative to the 
United Nations, shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that outlines the strategy devel-
oped pursuant to subsection (a) and describes in detail 
the various steps taken by the United States in line with 
said strategy. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the relevant officials 
of the Department of Defense shall provide to the appro-
priate congressional committees a classified briefing on 
other Unidentified Flying Objects that have entered 
United States airspace beginning on January 20, 2017, 
and ending on such date of enactment. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
SEC. 5. IMPOSITION OF EXPORT CONTROLS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce shall 
evaluate, for appropriate controls under the Export Ad-
ministration Regulations, the export, reexport, and in- 
country transfer of the items and technologies subject to 
United States jurisdiction related to aerospace programs, 
including airships and balloons and related materials and 
components, that are used by the People’s Liberation 
Army for intelligence and reconnaissance, and not later 
than 180 days after the enactment of this Act submit a 
report to the appropriate congressional committees that 
includes— 
(1) a description of the types of items and tech-
nologies that were evaluated for potential controls 
with respect to this section; and 
(2) a list of the controls that BIS has imple-
mented or plans to implement because of its evalua-
tion under this section. 
(b) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, 
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. 
SEC. 6. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. 
(a) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—On and after the 
date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of