119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2444 
AN ACT 
To establish a critical supply chain resiliency and crisis re-
sponse program in the Department of Commerce, and 
to secure American leadership in deploying emerging 
technologies, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Promoting Resilient 
Supply Chains Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF ASSISTANT SEC-
RETARY OF COMMERCE FOR INDUSTRY AND 
ANALYSIS. 
In addition to the responsibilities of the Assistant 
Secretary on the day before the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Assistant Secretary shall have the following 
responsibilities: 
(1) Promote the stability and resilience of crit-
ical supply chains and critical and emerging tech-
nologies that strengthen the national security of the 
United States. 
(2) Lead the Working Group established pursu-
ant to section 3 and consult covered nongovern-
mental representatives, industry, institutions of 
higher education, and State and local governments 
in order to— 
(A) promote resilient critical supply chains; 
and 
(B) identify, prepare for, and respond to 
supply chain shocks to— 
(i) critical industries; 
(ii) critical supply chains; and
(iii) 
critical 
and 
emerging 
tech-
nologies. 
(3) Encourage the growth and competitiveness 
of United States production and manufacturing in 
the United States of emerging technologies. 
(4) Assess the resilience, diversity, and strength 
of critical supply chains and critical and emerging 
technologies. 
(5) In consultation with the Secretary of State 
and the United States Trade Representative, sup-
port the availability of critical goods from domestic 
manufacturers, domestic enterprises, and manufac-
turing operations in countries that are allies or key 
international partner nations. 
(6) Assist the Federal Government in preparing 
for and responding to supply chain shocks to critical 
supply chains, including by improving flexible manu-
facturing capacities and capabilities in the United 
States. 
(7) Consistent with United States obligations 
under international agreements, encourage and 
incentivize the reduced reliance of domestic enter-
prises and domestic manufacturers on critical goods 
from countries that are described in section 7(2)(B).
(8) Encourage the relocation of manufacturing 
facilities that manufacture critical goods from coun-
tries that are described in section 7(2)(B) to the 
United States and countries that are allies or key 
international partner nations to strengthen the resil-
ience, diversity, and strength of critical supply 
chains. 
SEC. 3. CRITICAL SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE WORKING 
GROUP. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Sec-
retary shall establish a working group to be known as the 
‘‘Supply Chain Resilience Working Group’’ (in this title 
referred to as the ‘‘Working Group’’) composed of the 
Federal agencies that rely upon the Industry and Analysis 
Business unit analysis, including agencies enumerated in 
subsection (c). 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary shall 
carry out the following activities: 
(1) In consultation with the Working Group— 
(A) assessing, mapping, and modeling crit-
ical supply chains, including for critical and 
emerging technologies, which may include—
(i) modeling the impact of supply 
chain shocks on critical industries (includ-
ing for critical and emerging technologies), 
and critical supply chains; 
(ii) assessing the demand for and sup-
ply of critical goods, production equipment, 
and manufacturing technology needed for 
critical supply chains, including critical 
goods, production equipment, and manu-
facturing technology obtained by or pur-
chased from a person outside of the United 
States or imported into the United States; 
and 
(iii) 
assessing 
manufacturing, 
warehousing, transportation, and distribu-
tion related to critical supply chains; 
(B) identifying high priority gaps and 
vulnerabilities in critical supply chains and crit-
ical industries (including critical industries for 
critical and emerging technologies) that— 
(i) exist as of the date of the enact-
ment of this Act; or 
(ii) are anticipated to occur after the 
date of the enactment of this Act;
(C) identifying potential supply chain 
shocks to a critical supply chain that may dis-
rupt, strain, or eliminate the critical supply 
chain; 
(D) evaluating the capability and capacity 
of domestic manufacturers or manufacturers lo-
cated in countries that are allies or key inter-
national partner nations to serve as sources for 
critical goods, production equipment, or manu-
facturing technology needed in critical supply 
chains; 
(E) evaluating the effect on market sta-
bility that may result from the disruption, 
strain, or elimination of a critical supply chain; 
(F) evaluating the state of the manufac-
turing workforce, including by— 
(i) identifying the needs of domestic 
manufacturers; and 
(ii) identifying opportunities to create 
high-quality manufacturing jobs; and 
(G) identifying and describing necessary 
tools, including commercially available risk as-
sessment tools, that leverage data and industry 
expertise to provide insights into critical supply 
chain vulnerabilities, including how such tools
fulfill the requirements described in subpara-
graphs (A) through (F). 
(2) In consultation with State and local govern-
ments, the Working Group, and (as appropriate) 
countries that are allies or key international partner 
nations— 
(A) identifying opportunities to reduce 
gaps and vulnerabilities in critical supply chains 
and critical industries; 
(B) encouraging consultation between the 
Federal Government, industry, covered non-
governmental representatives, institutions of 
higher education, and State and local govern-
ments to— 
(i) better respond to supply chain 
shocks to critical supply chains and critical 
industries (including critical industries for 
emerging technologies); and 
(ii) coordinate response efforts to sup-
ply chain shocks; 
(C) encouraging consultation between the 
Federal Government and the governments of 
countries that are allies or key international 
partner nations;
(D) identifying opportunities to build the 
capacity of the United States in critical supply 
chains, critical industries, and emerging tech-
nologies; 
(E) identifying opportunities to build the 
capacity of countries that are allies or key 
international partner nations in critical indus-
tries (including critical industries for emerging 
technologies) and critical supply chains; and 
(F) developing and assessing contingency 
plans and coordination mechanisms to improve 
the response of critical supply chains and crit-
ical industries to supply chain shocks. 
(c) WORKING GROUP MEMBERSHIP.—The Working 
Group shall include a representative from each Federal 
agency that relies on the analysis of the Industry and 
Analysis business unit, including— 
(1) the Department of State; 
(2) the Department of Defense; 
(3) the Department of Homeland Security; 
(4) the Department of Transportation; 
(5) the Department of Energy; 
(6) the Department of Agriculture; 
(7) the Department of the Interior;
(8) the Department of Health and Human 
Services; 
(9) the Office of the Director of National Intel-
ligence; and 
(10) the Small Business Administration. 
(d) DESIGNATIONS.—The Assistant Secretary shall— 
(1) not later than 120 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, designate— 
(A) critical industries; 
(B) critical supply chains; and 
(C) critical goods; 
(2) provide for a period of public comment and 
review in carrying out paragraph (1); and 
(3) update the designations made pursuant to 
paragraph (1) not less frequently than once every 4 
years, including designations for technologies that 
are not described in section 7(12)(B) that the As-
sistant Secretary considers necessary. 
(e) IMPLEMENTATION REPORT.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the As-
sistant Secretary shall submit to the relevant committees 
of Congress a report that— 
(1) details supply chain activities, including ap-
plicable activities described in subsection (b) and re-
sponsibilities described in section 2, that the Assist-
ant Secretary has conducted over the past year; 
(2) describes supply chain data collected, re-
tained, and analyzed by the Assistant Secretary over 
the past year; 
(3) identifies and describes necessary tools, in-
cluding commercially available risk assessment tools, 
that leverage data and industry expertise to provide 
insights into critical supply chain vulnerabilities, in-
cluding how such tools fulfill each responsibility de-
scribed in subsection (b); 
(4) identifies and describes all Federal agencies 
with authorities or responsibilities described in sub-
section (b); and 
(5) identifies Federal agencies, programs, and 
bureaus with duplicative purposes to fulfill any of 
the authorities or responsibilities described in sub-
section (b). 
(f) NATIONAL STRATEGY AND REVIEW ON CRITICAL 
SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCY
AND MANUFACTURING
IN 
THE UNITED STATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter, the Assistant Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Working Group, covered non-
governmental representatives, industries, institutions 
of higher education, and State and local govern-
ments, shall submit to the relevant committees of 
Congress a report that— 
(A) identifies— 
(i) critical infrastructure that may as-
sist in fulfilling the responsibilities de-
scribed in section 2; 
(ii) critical and emerging technologies 
that may assist in fulfilling the responsibil-
ities described in section 2, including such 
technologies that may be critical to ad-
dressing preparedness, weaknesses, and 
vulnerabilities relating to critical supply 
chains; 
(iii) critical industries, critical supply 
chains, and critical goods designated pur-
suant to subsection (d); 
(iv) other supplies and services that 
are critical to the crisis preparedness of 
the United States; 
(v) substitutes for critical goods, pro-
duction equipment, and manufacturing 
technology;
(vi) methods and technologies, includ-
ing blockchain technology, distributed ledg-
er technology, and other critical and 
emerging technologies, as appropriate, for 
the authentication and traceability of crit-
ical goods; and 
(vii) countries that are allies or key 
international partner nations; 
(B) describes the matters identified and 
evaluated under subsection (b)(1), including— 
(i) the manufacturing base, critical 
supply chains, and emerging technologies 
in the United States, including the manu-
facturing base and critical supply chains 
for— 
(I) critical goods; 
(II) production equipment; and 
(III) manufacturing technology; 
and 
(ii) the ability of the United States 
to— 
(I) maintain readiness with re-
spect to preparing for and responding 
to supply chain shocks; and
(II) in response to a supply chain 
shock— 
(aa) surge production in 
critical industries; 
(bb) surge production of 
critical goods and production 
equipment; and 
(cc) maintain access to crit-
ical goods, production equipment, 
and manufacturing technology; 
(C) assesses and describes— 
(i) the demand and supply of critical 
goods, production equipment, and manu-
facturing technology; 
(ii) the production of critical goods, 
production equipment, and manufacturing 
technology by domestic manufacturers; 
(iii) the capability and capacity of do-
mestic manufacturers and manufacturers 
in countries that are allies or key inter-
national partner nations to manufacture 
critical goods, production equipment, and 
manufacturing technology; and
(iv) how supply chain shocks could af-
fect rural, Tribal, and underserved commu-
nities; 
(D) identifies threats and supply chain 
shocks that may disrupt, strain, or eliminate 
critical supply chains, critical goods, and critical 
industries (including critical industries for 
emerging technologies); 
(E) with regard to any threat identified 
under subparagraph (D), lists any threat or 
supply chain shock that may originate from a 
country, or a company or individual from a 
country, that is described in section 7(2)(B); 
(F) assesses— 
(i) the resilience and capacity of the 
manufacturing base, critical supply chains, 
and workforce of the United States and 
countries that are allies or key inter-
national partner nations that can sustain 
critical industries (including critical indus-
tries for emerging technologies) through a 
supply chain shock; and 
(ii) the effect innovation has on do-
mestic manufacturers;
(G) assesses the flexible manufacturing ca-
pacity and capability available in the United 
States in the case of a supply chain shock; and 
(H) develops a strategy for the Depart-
ment of Commerce to support the resilience, di-
versity, and strength of critical supply chains 
and critical and emerging technologies to— 
(i) support sufficient access to critical 
goods by mitigating vulnerabilities in crit-
ical supply chains, including critical supply 
chains concentrated in countries that are 
described in section 7(2)(B); 
(ii) consult with other relevant agen-
cies to assist countries that are allies or 
key international partner nations in build-
ing capacity for manufacturing critical 
goods; 
(iii) recover from supply chain shocks; 
(iv) identify, in consultation with the 
Working Group and other relevant agen-
cies, actions relating to critical supply 
chains or emerging technologies that the 
United States may take to improve re-
sponses to supply chain shocks;
(v) protect against supply chain 
shocks relating to critical supply chains 
from countries that are described in sec-
tion 7(2)(B); and 
(vi) make specific recommendations to 
implement the strategy under this section 
and improve the security and resiliency of 
manufacturing capacity and supply chains 
for critical industries (including critical in-
dustries for emerging technologies) by— 
(I) developing long-term strate-
gies; 
(II) increasing visibility into the 
networks and capabilities of domestic 
manufacturers and suppliers of do-
mestic manufacturers; 
(III) identifying and mitigating 
risks, including— 
(aa) 
significant 
vulnerabilities to supply chain 
shocks; and 
(bb) exposure to gaps and 
vulnerabilities in domestic capac-
ity or capabilities and sources of 
imports needed to sustain critical
industries (including critical in-
dustries 
for 
emerging 
tech-
nologies) 
or 
critical 
supply 
chains; 
(IV) identifying opportunities to 
reuse and recycle critical goods, in-
cluding raw materials, to increase re-
silient critical supply chains; 
(V) consulting with countries 
that are allies or key international 
partner nations on— 
(aa) sourcing critical goods, 
production equipment, and man-
ufacturing technology; and 
(bb) developing, sustaining, 
and expanding production and 
availability of critical goods, pro-
duction equipment, and manufac-
turing technology during a supply 
chain shock; and 
(VI) providing guidance to other 
relevant agencies with respect to crit-
ical goods, supply chains, and critical 
industries (including critical industries 
for emerging technologies) that should
be prioritized to support United 
States leadership in the deployment of 
such technologies. 
(2) PROHIBITION.—The report submitted pur-
suant to paragraph (1) may not include— 
(A) critical supply chain information that 
is not aggregated; 
(B) confidential business information of a 
private sector entity; or 
(C) classified information. 
(3) FORM.—The report submitted pursuant to 
paragraph (1), and any update submitted thereafter, 
shall be submitted to the relevant committees of 
Congress in unclassified form and may include a 
classified annex. 
(4) PUBLIC
COMMENT.—The Assistant Sec-
retary shall provide for a period of public comment 
and review in developing the report submitted pursu-
ant to paragraph (1). 
(g) CONSULTATION.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary 
shall enter into an agreement with the head of any rel-
evant agency to obtain any information, data, or assist-
ance that the Assistant Secretary determines necessary to 
conduct the activities described in subsection (b).
(h) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed to require any private entity— 
(1) to share information with the Secretary or 
Assistant Secretary; 
(2) to request assistance from the Secretary or 
Assistant Secretary; or 
(3) to implement any measure or recommenda-
tion suggested by the Secretary or Assistant Sec-
retary in response to a request by the private entity. 
(i) PROTECTION OF VOLUNTARILY SHARED CRIT-
ICAL SUPPLY CHAIN INFORMATION.— 
(1) PROTECTION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, critical supply chain in-
formation (including the identity of the submit-
ting person or entity) that is voluntarily sub-
mitted under this section to the Department of 
Commerce for use by the Department for pur-
poses of this section, when accompanied by an 
express statement described in subparagraph 
(B)— 
(i) shall be exempt from disclosure 
under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United 
States Code (commonly referred to as the 
‘‘Freedom of Information Act’’);
(ii) is not subject to any agency rules 
or judicial doctrine regarding ex parte 
communications with a decision-making of-
ficial; 
(iii) may not, without the written con-
sent of the person or entity submitting 
such information, be used directly by the 
Department of Commerce, any other Fed-
eral, State, or local authority, or any third 
party, in any civil action arising under 
Federal or State law if such information is 
submitted in good faith; 
(iv) may not, without the written con-
sent of the person or entity submitting 
such information, be used or disclosed by 
any officer or employee of the United 
States for purposes other than the pur-
poses of this section, except— 
(I) in furtherance of an investiga-
tion or the prosecution of a criminal 
act; or 
(II) when disclosure of the infor-
mation would be— 
(aa) to either House of Con-
gress, or to the extent of matter
within its jurisdiction, any com-
mittee or subcommittee thereof, 
any joint committee thereof, or 
any subcommittee of any such 
joint committee; or 
(bb) to the Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States, or any 
authorized representative of the 
Comptroller 
General, 
in 
the 
course of the performance of the 
duties of the Government Ac-
countability Office; 
(v) may not, if provided to a State or 
local government or government agency— 
(I) be made available pursuant to 
any State or local law requiring dis-
closure of information or records; 
(II) otherwise be disclosed or dis-
tributed to any party by such State or 
local government or government agen-
cy without the written consent of the 
person or entity submitting such in-
formation; or 
(III) be used other than for the 
purpose of carrying out this section,
or in furtherance of an investigation 
or the prosecution of a criminal act; 
and 
(vi) does not constitute a waiver of 
any applicable privilege or protection pro-
vided under law, such as trade secret pro-
tection. 
(B) EXPRESS
STATEMENT.—The express 
statement described in this subparagraph, with 
respect to information or records, is— 
(i) in the case of written information 
or records, a written marking on the infor-
mation or records substantially similar to 
the following: ‘‘This information is volun-
tarily submitted to the Federal Govern-
ment in expectation of protection from dis-
closure as provided by the provisions of the 
Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 
2025.’’; or 
(ii) in the case of oral information, a 
written statement similar to the statement 
described in clause (i) submitted within a 
reasonable period following the oral com-
munication.
(2) LIMITATION.—No communication of critical 
supply chain information to the Department of Com-
merce made pursuant to this section may be consid-
ered to be an action subject to the requirements of 
chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code. 
(3) 
INDEPENDENTLY
OBTAINED
INFORMA-
TION.—Nothing in this subsection may be construed 
to limit or otherwise affect the ability of a State, 
local, or Federal Government entity, agency, or au-
thority, or any third party, under applicable law to 
obtain critical supply chain information in a manner 
not covered by paragraph (1), including any infor-
mation lawfully and properly disclosed generally or 
broadly to the public and to use such information in 
any manner permitted by law. For purposes of this 
subsection, a permissible use of independently ob-
tained information includes the disclosure of such in-
formation under section 2302(b)(8) of title 5, 
United States Code. 
(4) TREATMENT OF VOLUNTARY SUBMITTAL OF 
INFORMATION.—The voluntary submittal to the De-
partment of Commerce of information or records 
that are protected from disclosure by this section 
may not be construed to constitute compliance with
any requirement to submit such information to an 
agency under any other provision of law. 
(5) INAPPLICABILITY TO SEMICONDUCTOR IN-
CENTIVE PROGRAM.—This subsection does not apply 
to the voluntary submission of critical supply chain 
information in an application for Federal financial 
assistance under section 9902 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283). 
SEC. 4. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CAPABILITY ASSESS-
MENT. 
(a) 
REPORT
REQUIRED.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
produce a report— 
(1) identifying the duties, responsibilities, re-
sources, programs, and expertise within the offices 
and bureaus of the Department of Commerce rel-
evant to critical supply chain resilience and manu-
facturing innovation; 
(2) identifying and assessing the purpose, legal 
authority, effectiveness, efficiency, and limitations of 
each office or bureau identified under paragraph (1); 
and 
(3) providing recommendations to enhance the 
activities related to critical supply chain resilience
and manufacturing innovation of the Department of 
Commerce, including— 
(A) improving the effectiveness, efficiency, 
and impact of the offices and bureaus identified 
under paragraph (1); 
(B) coordinating across offices and bu-
reaus identified under paragraph (1); and 
(C) consulting with agencies implementing 
similar activities related to critical supply chain 
resilience and manufacturing innovation. 
(b) SUBMISSION OF REPORT.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit to the relevant committees of Congress the 
report required by subsection (a), along with a strategy 
to implement, as appropriate and as determined by the 
Secretary, the recommendations contained in the report. 
SEC. 5. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS. 
No additional funds are authorized to be appro-
priated to carry out this title. 
SEC. 6. SUNSET. 
This title and all requirements, responsibilities, and 
obligations under this title shall terminate on the date that 
is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title:
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 551 of title 5, 
United States Code. 
(2) ALLY
OR
KEY
INTERNATIONAL
PARTNER 
NATION.—The term ‘‘ally or key international part-
ner nation’’— 
(A) means a country that is critical to ad-
dressing critical supply chain weaknesses and 
vulnerabilities; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) a country that poses a significant 
risk to the national security or economic 
security of the United States; or 
(ii) a country that is described in sec-
tion 503(b) of the RANSOMWARE Act 
(title V of division BB of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2023; Public Law 
117–328; 136 Stat. 5564). 
(3) ASSISTANT SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Assist-
ant Secretary’’ means the Assistant Secretary of 
Commerce assigned by the Secretary to direct the 
office of Industry and Analysis. 
(4) COVERED NONGOVERNMENTAL REPRESENT-
ATIVE.—The term ‘‘covered nongovernmental rep-
resentative’’ means a representative as specified in
the second sentence of section 135(b)(1) of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2155(b)(1)), except 
that such term does not include a representative of 
a non-Federal government. 
(5) CRITICAL GOOD.—The term ‘‘critical good’’ 
means any raw, in process, or manufactured mate-
rial (including any mineral, metal, or advanced proc-
essed material), article, commodity, supply, product, 
or item for which an absence of supply would have 
a debilitating impact on— 
(A) the national security or economic secu-
rity of the United States; and 
(B) either— 
(i) critical infrastructure; or 
(ii) an emerging technology. 
(6) CRITICAL
INDUSTRY.—The term ‘‘critical 
industry’’ means an industry that— 
(A) is critical for the national security or 
economic security of the United States; and 
(B) produces or procures a critical good. 
(7) CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 
‘‘critical infrastructure’’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 1016 of the Critical Infrastructures 
Protection Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 5195c).
(8) CRITICAL SUPPLY CHAIN.—The term ‘‘crit-
ical supply chain’’ means a supply chain for a crit-
ical good. 
(9) CRITICAL SUPPLY CHAIN INFORMATION.— 
The term ‘‘critical supply chain information’’ means 
information that is not customarily in the public do-
main and relates to— 
(A) sustaining and adapting a critical sup-
ply chain during a supply chain shock; 
(B) critical supply chain risk mitigation 
and recovery planning with respect to a supply 
chain shock, including any planned or past as-
sessment, projection, or estimate of a vulner-
ability within the critical supply chain, includ-
ing testing, supplier network assessments, pro-
duction flexibility, supply chain risk evaluations, 
supply chain risk management planning, or risk 
audits; or 
(C) operational best practices, planning, 
and supplier partnerships that enable enhanced 
resilience of a critical supply chain during a 
supply chain shock, including response, repair, 
recovery, reconstruction, insurance, or con-
tinuity.
(10) DOMESTIC ENTERPRISE.—The term ‘‘do-
mestic enterprise’’ means an enterprise that con-
ducts business in the United States and procures a 
critical good. 
(11) DOMESTIC
MANUFACTURER.—The term 
‘‘domestic manufacturer’’ means a business that 
conducts in the United States the research and de-
velopment, engineering, or production activities nec-
essary for manufacturing a critical good. 
(12) 
EMERGING
TECHNOLOGY.—The 
term 
‘‘emerging technology’’ means a technology that is 
critical for the national security or economic security 
of the United States, including the following: 
(A) Technologies included in the American 
COMPETE Act (title XV of division FF of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; Public 
Law 116–260; 134 Stat. 3276). 
(B) The following technologies: 
(i) Artificial intelligence. 
(ii) Automated vehicles and unmanned 
delivery systems. 
(iii) Blockchain and other distributed 
ledger, data storage, data management, 
and cybersecurity technologies.
(iv) Quantum computing and quan-
tum sensing. 
(v) Additive manufacturing. 
(vi) Advanced manufacturing and the 
Internet of Things. 
(vii) Nano technology. 
(viii) Robotics. 
(ix) Microelectronics, optical fiber ray, 
and high performance and advanced com-
puter hardware and software. 
(x) Semiconductors. 
(xi) Advanced materials science, in-
cluding composition 2D, other next genera-
tion materials, and related manufacturing 
technologies. 
(13) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 
The term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 101 of the High-
er Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
(14) MANUFACTURE.—The term ‘‘manufac-
ture’’— 
(A) means any activity that is necessary 
for the development, production, processing, 
distribution, or delivery of any raw, in process, 
or manufactured material (including any min-
eral, metal, and advanced processed material), 
article, commodity, supply, product, critical 
good, or item of supply; and 
(B) does not include software unrelated to 
the manufacturing process. 
(15) 
MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGY.—The 
term ‘‘manufacturing technology’’ means a tech-
nology that is necessary for the manufacturing of a 
critical good. 
(16) PRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT.—The term 
‘‘production equipment’’ means any component, sub-
system, system, equipment, tooling, accessory, part, 
or assembly necessary for the manufacturing of a 
critical good. 
(17) RELEVANT COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.— 
The term ‘‘relevant committees of Congress’’ means 
the following: 
(A) The Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate. 
(B) The Committee on Energy and Com-
merce of the House of Representatives. 
(18) RESILIENT CRITICAL SUPPLY CHAIN.—The 
term ‘‘resilient critical supply chain’’ means a crit-
ical supply chain that—
(A) ensures that the United States can 
sustain critical industry, including emerging 
technologies, production, critical supply chains, 
services, and access to critical goods, production 
equipment, and manufacturing technology dur-
ing a supply chain shock; and 
(B) has key components of resilience that 
include— 
(i) effective private sector risk man-
agement and mitigation planning to sus-
tain critical supply chains and supplier 
networks during a supply chain shock; and 
(ii) minimized or managed exposure to 
a supply chain shock. 
(19) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Commerce. 
(20) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, each 
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 
States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe. 
(21) SUPPLY CHAIN SHOCK.—The term ‘‘supply 
chain shock’’— 
(A) means an event causing severe or seri-
ous disruption to normal operations or capacity 
in a supply chain; and
(B) includes— 
(i) a natural disaster; 
(ii) a pandemic; 
(iii) a biological threat; 
(iv) a cyber attack; 
(v) a geopolitical conflict; 
(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack; 
(vii) a trade disruption caused by— 
(I) a country described in para-
graph (2)(B); or 
(II) an entity or an individual 
subject to the jurisdiction of such a 
country; and 
(viii) an event for which the President 
declares a major disaster or an emergency 
under section 401 or 501, respectively, of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191). 
Passed the House of Representatives April 28, 2025. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 2444 
AN ACT 
To establish a critical supply chain resiliency and 
crisis response program in the Department of 
Commerce, and to secure American leadership in 
deploying emerging technologies, and for other 
purposes.