(g) REPORT.—Not later than 6 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit to the 
Attorney General and to the Congress a report describing 
the results of the programs funded under this section. 
(h) OVERSIGHT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall 
award a contract to an independent organization or inde-
pendent organizations to conduct oversight of the pro-
grams described in subsection (e). 
(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028. 
SEC. 4. GRANT PROGRAM TO IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH 
OUTCOMES FOR INDIVIDUALS IN STATE AND 
LOCAL PRISONS AND JAILS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, 
acting through the Director of the Bureau of Justice As-
sistance, shall award Justice for Incarcerated Moms 
grants to States to establish or expand programs in State 
and local prisons and jails for pregnant and postpartum 
incarcerated individuals. The Attorney General shall 
award such grants in consultation with stakeholders such 
as— 
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(1) relevant community-based organizations, 
particularly organizations that represent incarcer-
ated and formerly incarcerated individuals and orga-
nizations that seek to improve maternal health out-
comes for pregnant and postpartum individuals from 
demographic groups with elevated rates of maternal 
mortality, severe maternal morbidity, maternal 
health disparities, or other adverse perinatal or 
childbirth outcomes; 
(2) relevant organizations representing patients, 
with a particular focus on patients from demo-
graphic groups with elevated rates of maternal mor-
tality, severe maternal morbidity, maternal health 
disparities, or other adverse perinatal or childbirth 
outcomes; 
(3) organizations representing maternity care 
providers and maternal health care education pro-
grams; 
(4) perinatal health workers; and 
(5) researchers and policy experts in fields re-
lated to maternal health care for incarcerated indi-
viduals. 
(b) APPLICATIONS.—Each applicant for a grant 
under this section shall submit to the Director of the Bu-
reau of Justice Assistance an application at such time, in 
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such manner, and containing such information as the Di-
rector may require. 
(c) USE OF FUNDS.—A State that is awarded a grant 
under this section shall use such grant to establish or ex-
pand programs for pregnant and postpartum incarcerated 
individuals, and such programs may— 
(1) provide access to perinatal health workers 
from pregnancy through the postpartum period; 
(2) provide access to healthy foods and coun-
seling on nutrition, recommended activity levels, and 
safety measures throughout pregnancy; 
(3) train correctional officers to ensure that 
pregnant incarcerated individuals receive safe and 
respectful treatment; 
(4) train medical personnel to ensure that preg-
nant incarcerated individuals receive trauma-in-
formed, culturally and linguistically congruent care 
that promotes the health and safety of the pregnant 
individuals; 
(5) provide counseling and treatment for indi-
viduals who have suffered from— 
(A) diagnosed mental or behavioral health 
conditions, including trauma and substance use 
disorders; 
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(B) trauma or violence, including domestic 
violence; 
(C) human immunodeficiency virus; 
(D) sexual abuse; 
(E) pregnancy or infant loss; or 
(F) chronic conditions; 
(6) provide evidence-based pregnancy and child-
birth education, parenting support, and other rel-
evant forms of health literacy; 
(7) provide clinical education opportunities to 
maternity care providers in training to expand path-
ways into maternal health care careers serving incar-
cerated individuals; 
(8) offer opportunities for postpartum individ-
uals to maintain contact with the individual’s new-
born child to promote bonding, including enhanced 
visitation policies, access to prison nursery pro-
grams, or breastfeeding support; 
(9) provide reentry assistance, particularly to— 
(A) ensure access to health insurance cov-
erage and transfer of health records to commu-
nity providers if an incarcerated individual exits 
the criminal justice system during such individ-
ual’s pregnancy or in the postpartum period; 
and 
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(B) connect individuals exiting the criminal 
justice system during pregnancy or in the 
postpartum period to community-based re-
sources, such as referrals to health care pro-
viders, substance use disorder treatments, and 
social services that address social determinants 
of maternal health; or 
(10) establish partnerships with local public en-
tities, private community entities, community-based 
organizations, Indian Tribes and Tribal organiza-
tions (as such terms are defined in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)), and Urban Indian organiza-
tions (as such term is defined in section 4 of the In-
dian Health Care Improvement Act (25 U.S.C. 
1603)) to establish or expand pretrial diversion pro-
grams as an alternative to incarceration for preg-
nant and postpartum individuals. Such programs 
may include— 
(A) evidence-based childbirth education or 
parenting classes; 
(B) prenatal health coordination; 
(C) family and individual counseling; 
(D) evidence-based screenings, education, 
and, as needed, treatment for mental and be-
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havioral health conditions, including drug and 
alcohol treatments; 
(E) family case management services; 
(F) domestic violence education and pre-
vention; 
(G) physical and sexual abuse counseling; 
and 
(H) programs to address social deter-
minants of health such as employment, housing, 
education, transportation, and nutrition. 
(d) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under this sec-
tion, the Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance 
shall give priority to applicants based on— 
(1) the number of pregnant and postpartum in-
dividuals incarcerated in the State and, among such 
individuals, the number of pregnant and postpartum 
individuals from demographic groups with elevated 
rates of maternal mortality, severe maternal mor-
bidity, maternal health disparities, or other adverse 
perinatal or childbirth outcomes; and 
(2) the extent to which the State has dem-
onstrated a commitment to developing exemplary 
programs for pregnant and postpartum individuals 
incarcerated in the prisons and jails in the State. 
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(e) GRANT DURATION.—A grant awarded under this 
section shall be for a 5-year period. 
(f) IMPLEMENTING AND REPORTING.—A State that 
receives a grant under this section shall be responsible 
for— 
(1) implementing the program funded by the 
grant; and 
(2) not later than 3 years after the date of en-
actment of this Act, and 6 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, reporting results of such pro-
gram to the Attorney General, including information 
describing— 
(A) relevant quantitative indicators of the 
program’s success in improving the standard of 
care and health outcomes for pregnant and 
postpartum incarcerated individuals in the facil-
ity, including data stratified by race, ethnicity, 
sex, gender, primary language, age, geography, 
disability status, category of the criminal 
charge against such individual, incidence rates 
of pregnancy-related deaths, pregnancy-associ-
ated deaths, cases of infant mortality and mor-
bidity, rates of preterm births and low-birth-
weight births, cases of severe maternal mor-
bidity, cases of violence against pregnant or 
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postpartum individuals, diagnoses of maternal 
mental or behavioral health conditions, and 
other such information as appropriate; 
(B) relevant qualitative and quantitative 
evaluations from pregnant and postpartum in-
carcerated individuals who participated in such 
programs, including measures of patient-re-
ported experience of care; and 
(C) strategies to sustain such programs be-
yond the duration of the grant and expand such 
programs to other facilities. 
(g) REPORT.—Not later than 6 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall sub-
mit to the Congress a report describing the results of such 
grant programs. 
(h) OVERSIGHT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall 
award a contract to an independent organization or inde-
pendent organizations to conduct oversight of the pro-
grams described in subsection (c). 
(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028. 
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SEC. 5. GAO REPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall submit to Congress a report 
on adverse maternal and infant health outcomes among 
incarcerated individuals and infants born to such individ-
uals, with a particular focus on racial and ethnic dispari-
ties in maternal and infant health outcomes for incarcer-
ated individuals. 
(b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—The report described in 
this section shall include— 
(1) to the extent practicable— 
(A) the number of pregnant individuals 
who are incarcerated in Bureau of Prisons fa-
cilities; 
(B) the number of incarcerated individuals, 
including those incarcerated in Federal, State, 
and local correctional facilities, who have expe-
rienced a pregnancy-related death, pregnancy- 
associated death, or the death of an infant in 
the most recent 10 years of available data; 
(C) the number of cases of severe maternal 
morbidity among incarcerated individuals, in-
cluding those incarcerated in Federal, State, 
and local detention facilities, in the most recent 
10 years of available data; 
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(D) the number of preterm and low-birth-
weight births of infants born to incarcerated in-
dividuals, including those incarcerated in Fed-
eral, State, and local correctional facilities, in 
the most recent 10 years of available data; and 
(E) statistics on the racial and ethnic dis-
parities in maternal and infant health outcomes 
and severe maternal morbidity rates among in-
carcerated individuals, including those incarcer-
ated in Federal, State, and local detention fa-
cilities; 
(2) in the case that the Comptroller General of 
the United States is unable determine the informa-
tion required in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of 
paragraph (1), an assessment of the barriers to de-
termining such information and recommendations 
for improvements in tracking maternal health out-
comes among incarcerated individuals, including 
those incarcerated in Federal, State, and local deten-
tion facilities; 
(3) 
the 
implications 
of 
pregnant 
and 
postpartum incarcerated individuals being ineligible 
for medical assistance under a State plan under title 
XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et 
seq.) including information about— 
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(A) the effects of such ineligibility on ma-
ternal health outcomes for pregnant and 
postpartum incarcerated individuals, with em-
phasis given to such effects for pregnant and 
postpartum individuals from racial and ethnic 
minority groups; and 
(B) potential implications on maternal 
health outcomes resulting from temporarily sus-
pending, rather than permanently terminating, 
such eligibility when a pregnant or postpartum 
individual is incarcerated; 
(4) the extent to which Federal, State, and 
local correctional facilities are holding pregnant and 
postpartum individuals who test positive for illicit 
drug use in detention with special conditions, such 
as additional bond requirements, due to the individ-
ual’s drug use, and the effect of such detention poli-
cies on maternal and infant health outcomes. 
(5) causes of adverse maternal health outcomes 
that are unique to incarcerated individuals, including 
those incarcerated in Federal, State, and local deten-
tion facilities; 
(6) causes of adverse maternal health outcomes 
and severe maternal morbidity that are unique to in-
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carcerated individuals from racial and ethnic minor-
ity groups; 
(7) recommendations to reduce maternal mor-
tality and severe maternal morbidity among incar-
cerated individuals and to address racial and ethnic 
disparities in maternal health outcomes for incarcer-
ated individuals in Bureau of Prisons facilities and 
State and local prisons and jails; and 
(8) such other information as may be appro-
priate to reduce the occurrence of adverse maternal 
health outcomes among incarcerated individuals and 
to address racial and ethnic disparities in maternal 
health outcomes for such individuals. 
SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) CULTURALLY
AND
LINGUISTICALLY
CON-
GRUENT.—The term ‘‘culturally and linguistically 
congruent’’, with respect to care or maternity care, 
means care that is in agreement with the preferred 
cultural values, beliefs, worldview, language, and 
practices of the health care consumer and other 
stakeholders. 
(2) MATERNAL MORTALITY.—The term ‘‘mater-
nal mortality’’ means a death occurring during or 
within a 1-year period after pregnancy, caused by 
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pregnancy-related or childbirth complications, in-
cluding a suicide, overdose, or other death resulting 
from a mental health or substance use disorder at-
tributed to or aggravated by pregnancy-related or 
childbirth complications. 
(3) MATERNITY
CARE
PROVIDER.—The term 
‘‘maternity care provider’’ means a health care pro-
vider who— 
(A) is a physician, a physician assistant, a 
midwife who meets, at a minimum, the inter-
national definition of a midwife and global 
standards for midwifery education as estab-
lished by the International Confederation of 
Midwives, an advanced practice registered 
nurse, or a lactation consultant certified by the 
International Board of Lactation Consultant 
Examiners; and 
(B) has a focus on maternal or perinatal 
health. 
(4) PERINATAL HEALTH WORKER.—The term 
‘‘perinatal health worker’’ means a nonclinical health 
worker focused on maternal or perinatal health, such 
as a doula, community health worker, peer sup-
porter, lactation educator or counselor, nutritionist 
or dietitian, childbirth educator, social worker, home 
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visitor, patient navigator or coordinator, or language 
interpreter. 
(5) POSTPARTUM AND POSTPARTUM PERIOD.— 
The terms ‘‘postpartum’’ and ‘‘postpartum period’’ 
refer to the 1-year period beginning on the last day 
of the pregnancy of an individual. 
(6) 
PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED
DEATH.—The 
term ‘‘pregnancy-associated death’’ means a death of 
a pregnant or postpartum individual, by any cause, 
that occurs during, or within 1 year following, the 
individual’s pregnancy, regardless of the outcome, 
duration, or site of the pregnancy. 
(7) PREGNANCY-RELATED
DEATH.—The term 
‘‘pregnancy-related death’’ means a death of a preg-
nant or postpartum individual that occurs during, or 
within 1 year following, the individual’s pregnancy, 
from a pregnancy complication, a chain of events 
initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an un-
related condition by the physiologic effects of preg-
nancy. 
(8) RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY GROUP.— 
The term ‘‘racial and ethnic minority group’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 1707(g)(1) of 
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u– 
6(g)(1)). 
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(9) SEVERE MATERNAL MORBIDITY.—The term 
‘‘severe maternal morbidity’’ means a health condi-
tion, including mental health conditions and sub-
stance use disorders, attributed to or aggravated by 
pregnancy or childbirth that results in significant 
short-term or long-term consequences to the health 
of the individual who was pregnant. 
(10) SOCIAL
DETERMINANTS
OF
MATERNAL 
HEALTH.—The term ‘‘social determinants of mater-
nal health’’ means nonclinical factors that impact 
maternal health outcomes. 
Æ 
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