(2) PERIOD
OF
AVAILABILITY.—Sums appro-
priated to carry out this section shall remain avail-
able until expended. 
SEC. 107. OVER-THE-ROAD BUS SECURITY ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Transportation, shall establish a program 
for making grants for eligible private operators providing 
transportation by an over-the-road bus for security im-
provements described in subsection (b). 
(b) USES OF FUNDS.—A recipient of a grant received 
under subsection (a) shall use the grant funds for one or 
more of the following: 
(1) Constructing and modifying terminals, ga-
rages, facilities, or over-the-road buses to increase 
their security. 
(2) Protecting or isolating the driver of an over- 
the-road bus. 
(3) Acquiring, upgrading, installing, or oper-
ating equipment, software, or accessorial services for 
collection, storage, or exchange of passenger and driv-
er information through ticketing systems or otherwise 
and for information links with government agencies. 
(4) Installing cameras and video surveillance 
equipment on over-the-road buses and at terminals, 
garages, and over-the-road bus facilities. 
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(5) Establishing and improving an emergency 
communications system linking drivers and over-the- 
road buses to the recipient’s operations center or link-
ing the operations center to law enforcement and 
emergency personnel. 
(6) Implementing and operating passenger 
screening programs for weapons and explosives. 
(7) Public awareness campaigns for enhanced 
over-the-road bus security. 
(8) Operating and capital costs associated with 
security awareness, preparedness, and response train-
ing, including training under section 109 and train-
ing developed by universities and institutions of high-
er education and by nonprofit employee labor organi-
zations, for front-line over-the-road bus employees. 
(9) Chemical, biological, radiological, or explo-
sive detection, including canine patrols for such detec-
tion. 
(10) Overtime reimbursement for additional se-
curity personnel during periods of heightened security 
as determined by the Secretary. 
(11) Live or simulated exercises described in sec-
tion 110. 
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(12) Operational costs for personnel assigned to 
full-time security or counterterrorism duties related to 
over-the-road bus transportation. 
(13) Such other improvements as the Secretary 
considers appropriate. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Eligible entities for a grant 
under this section may include over-the-road bus pro-
viders and State, local, and tribal governmental enti-
ties that provide security or counterterrorism related 
services to over-the-road bus providers. 
(2) PROJECT
ELIGIBILITY.—A recipient of a 
grant under this section may use grant funds only for 
permissible uses under subsection (b) to further an 
over-the-road bus security plan developed, submitted 
to, and approved by the Secretary. 
(d) SECURITY IMPROVEMENT PRIORITIES.—In estab-
lishing guidelines for applications for grants under this sec-
tion, the Secretary shall establish a list in order of priority 
regarding uses of funds for grant recipients under this sec-
tion. 
(e) SUBJECT TO CERTAIN TERMS AND CONDITIONS.— 
Except as otherwise specifically provided in this section, a 
grant made under this section shall be subject to the terms 
and conditions applicable to subrecipients who provide 
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intercity bus transportation under section 5311(f) of title 
49, United States Code, and such other terms and condi-
tions as are determined necessary by the Secretary. 
(f) LIMITATION ON USES OF FUNDS.—A grant made 
under this section may not be used to— 
(1) supplant State or local funds for activities; 
and 
(2) make any State or local government cost- 
sharing contribution under any other law. 
(g) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Each recipient of a grant 
under this section shall report annually to the Secretary 
and the Secretary of Transportation on the use of such 
grant funds 
(h) GUIDELINES.—Before distribution of funds to re-
cipients of grants under this section, the Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall issue 
guidelines to ensure that recipients of grants under this sec-
tion use small, minority, women-owned, and disadvantaged 
businesses as contractors or subcontractors to the extent 
practicable. 
(i) MONITORING.—The Secretary shall be responsible 
for monitoring the manner in which the grants are used. 
(j) AUTHORIZATION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary to make grants under this 
section— 
(A) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and 
(B) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2009 through 2011. 
(2) PERIOD
OF
AVAILABILITY.—Sums appro-
priated to carry out this section shall remain avail-
able until expended. 
SEC. 108. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transpor-
tation for making grants to Amtrak, for the purpose of car-
rying out projects to make fire and life safety improvements 
to Amtrak tunnels on the Northeast Corridor the following 
amounts: 
(1) For the 6 tunnels in New York City, New 
York, to provide ventilation, electrical, and fire safety 
technology improvements, emergency communication 
and lighting systems, and emergency access and egress 
for passengers— 
(A) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
(B) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
(C) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 
(D) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
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(2) For the Baltimore & Potomac Tunnel and 
the Union Tunnel in Baltimore, Maryland, to provide 
adequate drainage and ventilation, communication, 
lighting, standpipe, and passenger egress improve-
ments— 
(A) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
(B) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
(C) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 
(D) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
(3) For the Union Station tunnels in the Dis-
trict of Columbia to provide ventilation, communica-
tion, lighting, and passenger egress improvements— 
(A) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
(B) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
(C) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 
(D) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
(b) AVAILABILITY
OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts appro-
priated pursuant to this section shall remain available 
until expended. 
(c) GUIDELINES.—Before distribution of funds to re-
cipients of grants under this section, the Secretary of Trans-
portation shall issue guidelines to ensure that recipients of 
grants under this section use small, minority, women- 
owned, or disadvantaged businesses as the contractors or 
subcontractors to the extent practicable. 
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SEC. 109. SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation, shall— 
(1) develop security training programs to pre-
pare all railroad, public transportation, and over-the- 
road bus workers, including front-line employees for 
potential threat conditions; and 
(2) issue detailed guidance for the program. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall develop the 
guidance under subsection (a)(2) in consultation with— 
(1) appropriate law enforcement, fire service, se-
curity, and terrorism experts; 
(2) representatives of providers of covered trans-
portation; and 
(3) nonprofit employee labor organizations rep-
resenting railroad, public transportation, over-the- 
road bus workers, and fire fighter workers. 
(c) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The guidance developed 
under subsection (a)(2) shall require security training pro-
grams described in subsection (a) to include, at a min-
imum, elements to address the following: 
(1) Determination of the seriousness of any oc-
currence or threat. 
(2) Crew and passenger communication and co-
ordination. 
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(3) Appropriate responses to defend oneself, in-
cluding using nonlethal defense devises. 
(4) Evacuation procedures for passengers and 
workers, including individuals with disabilities. 
(5) Live situational training exercises regarding 
various threat conditions, including tunnel evacu-
ation procedures. 
(6) Recognition and reporting of dangerous sub-
stances and suspicious packages, persons, and situa-
tions. 
(7) Understanding security incident procedures, 
including procedures for communicating with govern-
mental and nongovernmental emergency response pro-
viders and for on-scene interaction with such emer-
gency response providers. 
(8) Operation and maintenance of security 
equipment and systems. 
(9) Any other subject the Secretary considers ap-
propriate. 
(d) REQUIRED PROGRAMS.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT
AND
SUBMISSION
TO
SEC-
RETARY.—Not later than 60 days after the Secretary 
issues guidance under subsection (a)(2) in final form, 
each provider of covered transportation shall develop 
a security training program in accordance with the 
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guidance developed under subsection (2) and submit 
the program to the Secretary for approval. 
(2) APPROVAL.—Not later than 60 days after re-
ceiving a security training program under this sub-
section, the Secretary shall approve the program or 
require the provider of covered transportation that de-
veloped the program to make any revisions to the pro-
gram that the Secretary considers necessary for the 
program to meet the guidance requirements. 
(3) TRAINING.—Not later than 1 year after the 
Secretary approves a security training program 
under this subsection, the provider of covered trans-
portation that developed the program shall complete 
the training of all workers covered under the pro-
gram. 
(4) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall periodically 
review and update as appropriate the training guid-
ance issued under subsection (a)(2) to reflect new or 
changing security threats and require providers of 
covered transportation to revise their programs ac-
cordingly and provide additional training to their 
workers. 
(e) NATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM.—The Secretary 
shall ensure that the training program developed under sub-
section (a) is a component of the National Training Pro-
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gram established under section 648 of the Department of 
Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 
748). 
(f) FERRY EXEMPTION.—This section does not apply 
to any ferry system for which training is required to be 
conducted pursuant to section 70103 of title 46, United 
States Code. 
SEC. 110. SECURITY EXERCISES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Transportation, shall establish a program 
for conducting security exercises for covered transportation 
for the purpose of assessing and improving the capabilities 
of entities described in subsection (b) to prevent, prepare 
for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from acts of 
terrorism involving covered transportation. 
(b) COVERED ENTITIES.—Entities to be assessed under 
the program shall include— 
(1) Federal, State, and local agencies and tribal 
governments; 
(2) employees and managers of providers of cov-
ered transportation; 
(3) governmental and nongovernmental emer-
gency response providers and law enforcement per-
sonnel, including railroad and transit police; and 
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(4) any other organization or entity that the 
Secretary determines appropriate. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation, shall ensure that the 
program— 
(1) consolidates all existing security exercises for 
covered transportation administered by the Depart-
ment and the Department of Transportation; 
(2) requires, on a periodic basis, at the facilities 
a provider of covered transportation, exercises to be 
conducted that are— 
(A) scaled and tailored to the needs of the 
facilities, including individuals with disabilities; 
(B) live, in the case of the most at-risk fa-
cilities to a terrorist attack; 
(C) coordinated with appropriate officials 
of covered transportation providers; 
(D) as realistic as practicable and based on 
current risk assessments, including credible 
threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences; and 
(E) consistent with the National Incident 
Management System, the National Response 
Plan, the National Infrastructure Protection 
Plan, the National Preparedness Guidance, the 
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National Preparedness Goal, and other such na-
tional initiatives; 
(3) provides that exercises described in para-
graph (2) will be— 
(A) evaluated against clear and consistent 
performance measures; 
(B) assessed to learn best practices, which 
shall be shared with appropriate Federal, State, 
local, and tribal officials, governmental and non-
governmental emergency response providers, law 
enforcement personnel, including railroad and 
transit police, and appropriate stakeholders; and 
(C) followed by remedial action in response 
to lessons learned; 
(4) includes exercises involving covered transpor-
tation at or near the international land borders of the 
United States and in coordination with international 
stakeholders; 
(5) involves individuals in neighborhoods around 
the infrastructure of a provider of covered transpor-
tation; and 
(6) assists State, local, and tribal governments 
and providers of covered transportation in designing, 
implementing, and evaluating exercises that conform 
to the requirements of paragraph (2). 
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(d) REMEDIAL ACTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.—The 
Secretary shall utilize the remedial action management pro-
gram of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to— 
(1) identify and analyze each exercise conducted 
under the program for lessons learned and best prac-
tices; 
(2) disseminate lessons learned and best practices 
to participants in the program; 
(3) monitor the implementation of lessons 
learned and best practices by participants in the pro-
gram; and 
(4) conduct remedial action tracking and long- 
term trend analysis. 
(f) NATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM.—The Secretary 
shall ensure that the training program developed under sub-
section (a) is a component of the National Training Pro-
gram established under section 648 of the Department of 
Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 
748). 
(g) FERRY SYSTEM EXEMPTION.—This section does 
not apply to any ferry for which drills are required to be 
conducted pursuant to section 70103 of title 46, United 
States Code. 
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SEC. 111. SECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall carry out a research 
and development program for the purpose of improving the 
security of covered transportation. 
(b) ELIGIBLE PROJECTS.—The research and develop-
ment program may include projects— 
(1) to reduce the vulnerability of passenger 
trains, stations, and equipment to explosives and haz-
ardous chemical, biological, and radioactive sub-
stances including the development of technology to 
screen passengers in large numbers at peak com-
muting times with minimal interference and disrup-
tion; 
(2) to test new emergency response and recovery 
techniques and technologies, including those used at 
international borders; 
(3) to develop improved freight railroad tech-
nologies, including— 
(A) technologies for sealing or modifying 
railroad tank cars; 
(B) automatic inspection of railroad cars; 
(C) communication-based train controls; 
(D) signal system integrity at switches; 
(E) emergency response training, including 
training in a tunnel environment; 
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(F) security and redundancy for critical 
communications, electrical power, computer, and 
train control systems; and 
(G) technologies for securing bridges and 
tunnels; 
(4) to test wayside detectors that can detect tam-
pering; 
(5) to support enhanced security for the trans-
portation of security sensitive materials by railroad; 
(6) to mitigate damages in the event of a 
cyberattack; and 
(7) to address other vulnerabilities and risks 
identified by the Secretary. 
(c) COORDINATION WITH OTHER RESEARCH INITIA-
TIVES.—The Secretary shall— 
(1) ensure that the research and development 
program is consistent with the National Strategy for 
Rail and Public Transportation Security developed 
under section 101; and 
(2) to the greatest extent practicable, coordinate 
the research and development activities of the Depart-
ment with other ongoing research and development se-
curity related initiatives, including research being 
conducted by— 
(A) the National Academy of Sciences; 
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(B) the Department of Transportation, in-
cluding University Transportation Centers and 
other institutes, centers, and simulators funded 
by the Department of Transportation; 
(C) the Technical Support Working Group; 
(D) other Federal departments and agen-
cies; and 
(E) other Federal and private research lab-
oratories, research entities, and universities and 
institutions of higher education including, His-
torically Black Colleges or Universities, and His-
panic Serving Institution or Tribal University, 
with the capability to conduct both practical and 
theoretical research and technical systems anal-
ysis on subjects that include bridge, tunnel, blast, 
and infrastructure protection; 
(3) carry out any research and development 
project authorized by this section through a reimburs-
able agreement with the appropriate agency or entity 
official, if the agency or entity— 
(A) is currently sponsoring a research and 
development project in a similar area; or 
(B) has a unique facility or capability that 
would be useful in carrying out the project; 
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(4) award grants, cooperative agreements, con-
tracts, other transactions, or reimbursable agreements 
to the entities described in subsection (c)(2) and shall 
adopt necessary procedures, including audits, to en-
sure that awards made under this section are ex-
pended in accordance with the purposes of this title 
and the priorities and other criteria developed by the 
Secretary; and 
(5) make reasonable efforts to enter into memo-
randa of understanding, contracts, grants, cooperative 
agreements, or other transactions with owners and 
operators of freight and intercity passenger rail and 
over-the-road bus facilities willing to contribute both 
physical space and other resources. 
(d) PRIVACY AND CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES 
ISSUES.— 
(1) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out research 
and development projects under this section, the Sec-
retary shall consult with the Chief Privacy Officer of 
the Department and the Officer for Civil Rights and 
Civil Liberties of the Department as appropriate and 
in accordance with section 222 of the Homeland Secu-
rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 142). 
(2) PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS.—In accord-
ance with sections 222 and 705 of the Homeland Se-
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curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 142; 345), the Chief Pri-
vacy Officer shall conduct privacy impact assessments 
and the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 
shall conduct reviews, as appropriate, for research 
and development initiatives developed under this sec-
tion. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
this section— 
(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; 
(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
(3) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and 
(4) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
Such sums shall remain available until expended. 
SEC. 112. WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No covered individual may be dis-
charged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed, rep-
rimanded, investigated, or in any other manner discrimi-
nated against, including by a denial, suspension, or revoca-
tion of a security clearance or by any other security access 
determination, if such discrimination is due, in whole or 
in part, to any lawful act done, perceived to have been done, 
or intended to be done by the covered individual— 
(1) to provide information, cause information to 
be provided, or otherwise assist in an investigation 
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