I 
109TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5333 
To reduce the threat of terrorists acquiring shoulder-fired missiles. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 9, 2006 
Mr. ROYCE (for himself, Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. WELLER, Mr. LANTOS, Ms. ROS- 
LEHTINEN, Ms. WATSON, Mr. ISSA, Mr. CARDOZA, Mr. POE, Mr. 
MCCOTTER, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. ISRAEL, and Ms. BEAN) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
International Relations 
A BILL 
To reduce the threat of terrorists acquiring shoulder-fired 
missiles. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Shoulder-Fired Missile 
Threat Reduction Act of 2006’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) 
MANPADS.—The 
term 
‘‘MANPADS’’ 
means— 
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(A) a surface-to-air missile system de-
signed to be man-portable and carried and fired 
by a single individual; or 
(B) any other surface-to-air missile system 
designed to be operated and fired by more than 
one individual acting as a crew and portable by 
several individuals. 
(2) CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS.—The term ‘‘con-
ventional weapons’’ means rocket propelled gre-
nades, landmines, abandoned stocks of munitions, 
and other weapons the Secretary of State determines 
the proliferation of which undermines international 
peace and stability. 
SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The global proliferation of man-portable air 
defense systems (MANPADS) and other conven-
tional weapons poses a direct threat to the national 
security of the United States. 
(2) The use of MANPADS and other conven-
tional weapons by terrorists and insurgent groups 
continues to hamper United States efforts to achieve 
peace and security in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
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(3) More than two-dozen terrorist groups, in-
cluding 
al-Qaeda, 
are 
believed 
to 
possess 
MANPADS. 
(4) On November 28, 2002, in Mombasa, 
Kenya, two shoulder-fired missiles were fired at a 
departing civilian airliner in an unsuccessful attack 
claimed by al-Qaeda. 
(5) A successful terrorist attack with a shoul-
der-fired missile against a civilian airliner would 
have devastating human and incalculable economic 
costs. 
(6) The Government Accountability Office has 
estimated that there are between 500,000 and 
750,000 MANPADS in countries around the world, 
with a few thousand outside government controls 
and thousands more under government controls but 
vulnerable to theft and possible transfer to terrorist 
groups due to inadequate security. 
(7) Many countries that possess stocks of 
MANPADS and other conventional weapons no 
longer require such weapons for their own security 
or self-defense, but do not possess the means to 
eliminate or safeguard such weapons systems. 
SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
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(1) where appropriate, the United States Gov-
ernment should provide assistance to countries seek-
ing to secure, remove, or eliminate stocks of 
MANPADS and other conventional weapons that 
pose a proliferation threat; 
(2) where appropriate, the Secretary of State 
should direct United States Ambassadors to such 
countries to negotiate with appropriate officials of 
their host countries to offer assistance to secure, re-
move, and eliminate stocks of MANPADS and other 
conventional weapons that pose a proliferation 
threat; and 
(3) in light of the clear links between global 
networks of terrorism and global networks of the il-
legal trade in conventional weapons, the United 
States Government should place consistent, broad, 
and continued emphasis on combating the prolifera-
tion of MANPADS and other conventional weapons 
within the broader nonproliferation strategy of the 
United States. 
SEC. 5. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to assist the gov-
ernments of other countries to secure, remove, or eliminate 
stocks of MANPADS and other conventional weapons that 
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pose a proliferation threat, local or regional security 
threat, or humanitarian threat. 
SEC. 6. GLOBAL PROGRAM FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND 
ELIMINATION OF MANPADS AND CONVEN-
TIONAL WEAPONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State is author-
ized to carry out an accelerated global program to secure, 
remove, or eliminate stocks of MANPADS and other con-
ventional weapons, as well as related equipment and facili-
ties, that are determined by the Secretary to pose a pro-
liferation threat, local or regional security threat, or hu-
manitarian threat. 
(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The program authorized 
under subsection (a) may include the following activities: 
(1) Programs to assist countries to secure, re-
move, and eliminate MANPADS and other conven-
tional weapons, including programs related to the 
safe 
handling 
and 
proper 
storage 
of 
such 
MANPADS and other conventional weapons. 
(2) Cooperative programs with the North Atlan-
tic Treaty Organization, Organization for Security 
and Cooperation in Europe, and other international 
organizations to assist countries in the secure han-
dling and proper storage, removal, or elimination of 
MANPADS and other conventional weapons. 
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(3) Programs for the management, including 
inventory and accounting procedures, of MANPADS 
and other conventional weapons at locations where 
United States funds have been used to provide for 
the security of such weapons. 
(4) Actions to ensure that equipment and 
funds, including security upgrades at locations for 
the storage, removal, or elimination of MANPADS 
and other conventional weapons and related equip-
ment that are determined by the Secretary of State 
to pose a proliferation threat, local or regional secu-
rity threat, or humanitarian threat, continue to be 
used for authorized purposes. 
SEC. 7. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS TO DETER THE TRANS-
FER OF MANPADS. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—Congress declares that 
it should be the policy of the United States to hold foreign 
governments accountable for knowingly transferring 
MANPADS to state-sponsors of terrorism or terrorist or-
ganizations. 
(b) DETERMINATION RELATING TO SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—If the President determines 
that a foreign government knowingly transfers 
MANPADS to a foreign government described in 
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paragraph (2) or a terrorist organization, the Presi-
dent shall— 
(A) submit forthwith to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations of the Senate a report containing such 
determination; and 
(B) impose forthwith on the transferring 
foreign government the sanctions described in 
subsection (c). 
(2) FOREIGN
GOVERNMENT
DESCRIBED.—A 
foreign government described in this paragraph is a 
foreign government that the Secretary of State has 
determined, for purposes of section 6(j) of the Ex-
port Administration Act of 1979, section 620A of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, section 40 of 
the Arms Export Control Act, or any other provision 
of law, is a government that has repeatedly provided 
support for acts of international terrorism. 
(c) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions referred 
to in subsection (b)(1)(B) are the following: 
(1) Termination of United States Government 
assistance to the transferring foreign government 
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, except 
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that such termination shall not apply in the case of 
humanitarian assistance. 
(2) Termination of United States Govern-
ment— 
(A) sales to the transferring foreign gov-
ernment of any defense articles, defense serv-
ices, or design and construction services; and 
(B) licenses for the export to the transfer-
ring foreign government of any item on the 
United States Munitions List. 
(3) Termination of all foreign military financing 
for the transferring foreign government. 
(d) WAIVER.—Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, sanctions shall not be imposed on a transferring 
foreign government under this section if the President de-
termines and certifies in writing to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
that the furnishing of the assistance, sales, licensing, or 
financing that would otherwise be suspended as a result 
of the imposition of such sanctions is important to the 
national security interests of the United States. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) DEFENSE ARTICLE.—The term ‘‘defense ar-
ticle’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
47(3) of the Arms Export Control Act. 
(2) DEFENSE
SERVICE.—The term ‘‘defense 
service’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
47(4) of the Arms Export Control Act. 
(3) DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES.— 
The term ‘‘design and construction services’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 47(8) of the Arms 
Export Control Act. 
(4) FOREIGN
GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘‘for-
eign government’’ includes any agency or instrumen-
tality of a foreign government. 
SEC. 8. MULTILATERAL EFFORTS TO LIMIT THE AVAIL-
ABILITY AND TRANSFER OF MANPADS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States Government has begun 
to pursue commitments from countries in multilat-
eral forums to limit the availability, transfer, and 
proliferation of MANPADS worldwide. 
(2) However, multilateral forums lack mecha-
nisms for assessing member countries’ compliance 
with such diplomatic commitments. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States Government should continue 
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to pursue strengthened international diplomatic efforts in 
the appropriate fora to limit the availability, transfer, and 
proliferation of MANPADS worldwide and to exert appro-
priate diplomatic pressure to influence member country 
compliance with such efforts. 
SEC. 9. REPORT ON MANPADS AND CONVENTIONAL WEAP-
ONS THREAT REDUCTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and as circumstances 
warrant thereafter, the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with other appropriate government agencies, shall submit 
to the Committee on International Relations and the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the Senate a report on 
MANPADS and other conventional weapons threat reduc-
tion. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall include the following information for the 
period preceding each such report: 
(1) A description of efforts undertaken by the 
Secretary of State regarding MANPADS and other 
conventional weapons threat reduction. 
(2) A description, on a country-by-country 
basis, of the implementation of a global strategy for 
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the storage, removal, and elimination of MANPADS 
and other conventional weapons, including, to the 
extent possible, a prioritization of such storage, re-
moval, and elimination efforts with respect to the 
proliferation sensitivity of such weapons in each 
country and the potential impact of such efforts on 
local and regional security. 
(3) A description of multilateral efforts pursued 
by the United States Government to limit the avail-
ability, transfer, and proliferation of MANPADS 
worldwide, and a strategy to establish mechanisms 
to monitor and report on— 
(A) countries’ implementation of their 
commitments to limit such availability, transfer, 
and proliferation; and 
(B) the impact such implementation of 
commitments has on the flow of MANPADS to 
black and gray markets. 
(4) A description and evaluation of the access 
of terrorists, non-state actors, and state sponsors of 
terrorism to MANPADS, their methods to acquire 
MANPADS, and a strategy for disrupting future ac-
cess to MANPADS. 
(5) An evaluation of the extent to which activi-
ties authorized by this Act and other United States 
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Government programs are integrated to ensure that 
the conventional weapons threat reduction efforts of 
the United States Government are consistent with 
United States policy and goals in countries receiving 
assistance through such activities. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be in unclassified form, but shall contain a classified 
annex, as appropriate. 
SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts that are 
otherwise authorized to be appropriated to the Non-
proliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Pro-
grams account of the Department of State, there is au-
thorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for fiscal year 
2007 and $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 for activities 
related to the securing, removal, or elimination of stocks 
of MANPADS and other conventional weapons and re-
lated equipment and facilities. 
(b) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—Amounts appro-
priated pursuant to subsection (a)— 
(1) are authorized to be made available notwith-
standing any other provision of law; and 
(2) are authorized to remain available until ex-
pended. 
Æ 
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