Act, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
the Administrator, in coordination with the Sec-
retary, shall establish standards for greenhouse gas 
emissions from new motor vehicles and new motor 
vehicle engines (as those terms are defined in section 
216 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550)) under 
section 202 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521) 
for model years 2027 through 2035 in accordance 
with this section. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) BASES.—The CAFE standards and green-
house gas emissions standards established under 
paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection 
(a) shall— 
(A) be based on economic practicability 
and reflect achievable technological advance-
ments based on market readiness and afford-
ability; and 
(B) be based on evidence from industry ca-
pacity, historical data, and independent expert 
assessments to determine feasibility and eco-
nomic impact, including on motor vehicle manu-
facturing job quality and stability. 
(2) CAFE STANDARDS.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, in establishing the CAFE 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
04:05 Apr 23, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H2814.IH
H2814
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
standards under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary 
may not consider the fuel economy of dedicated 
automobiles in any baseline fleet or scenario. 
(3) GREENHOUSE GAS STANDARDS.—Notwith-
standing any other provision of law, the greenhouse 
gas emissions standards established under sub-
section (a)(2)— 
(A) shall be technologically feasible and 
economically practicable for vehicles of any 
weight class or category when operated on re-
formulated gasoline that complies with section 
211(o) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7545(o)); and 
(B) shall not require, directly or indirectly, 
the production or sale of vehicles operated on 
electricity. 
(c) CONSULTATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In establishing the CAFE 
standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards 
required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, 
of subsection (a), the Secretary and the Adminis-
trator shall, after providing adequate notice, consult 
with manufacturers (as defined in section 32901(a) 
of title 49, United States Code), energy producers, 
consumer groups, and other relevant stakeholders. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
04:05 Apr 23, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H2814.IH
H2814
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
(2) USE OF FEEDBACK.—Any feedback received 
from an entity described in paragraph (1) during a 
consultation described in that paragraph shall be 
considered by the Secretary and the Administrator 
to ensure the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas 
emissions standards required under paragraphs (1) 
and (2), respectively, of subsection (a) are techno-
logically and economically achievable. 
(d) REPORTS; ADJUSTMENT OF STANDARDS.— 
(1) REPORTS.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator shall each submit to Congress a biennial re-
port detailing progress toward achieving the applica-
ble standards established under subsection (a) for 
2035. 
(2) ADJUSTMENT OF STANDARDS.—Based on 
findings in a report submitted under paragraph (1), 
including market conditions, technological advance-
ments, and economic impact assessments, the Sec-
retary and the Administrator, as applicable, may ad-
just the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emis-
sions standards required under paragraphs (1) and 
(2), respectively, of subsection (a). 
(e) CONTINUATION OF CURRENT STANDARDS.—If 
the Secretary and the Administrator do not establish the 
CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
04:05 Apr 23, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H2814.IH
H2814
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of 
subsection (a) by the deadlines described in those para-
graphs, the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emis-
sions standards for model year 2025 shall continue in ef-
fect through model year 2035. 
SEC. 403. COMPLIANCE WITH FLEET AVERAGE CARBON DI-
OXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARDS. 
(a) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS STANDARDS.— 
Section 206 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7525) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(i) DEEMED COMPLIANCE.—If a manufacturer com-
plies with the applicable Corporate Average Fuel Economy 
standards required under section 32902(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, in a model year with respect to the 
passenger automobiles, non-passenger automobiles, and 
work trucks (as those terms are defined in section 
32901(a) of that title) manufactured by the manufacturer, 
including through payment of civil penalties pursuant to 
section 32919 of that title or through the purchase of 
credits available to the manufacturer under section 32903 
of that title, the manufacturer shall be considered to be 
in compliance with fleet-average greenhouse gas emissions 
standards under section 202, including fleet-average car-
bon dioxide emissions standards, that are applicable to 
those vehicles in that model year.’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
04:05 Apr 23, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H2814.IH
H2814
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
(b) CAFE STANDARDS.—Section 32902 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(l) DEEMED COMPLIANCE.—If a manufacturer com-
plies with the fleet-average greenhouse gas emissions 
standards under section 202 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7521), including fleet-average carbon dioxide emis-
sions standards, for light-duty vehicles and medium-duty 
vehicles (as those terms are defined in section 86.1803– 
01 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor 
regulation)) for a model year, including through purchased 
credits, the manufacturer shall be considered to be in com-
pliance with the average fuel economy standard prescribed 
under this section applicable to those vehicles in that 
model year.’’. 
SEC. 404. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 
as are necessary to carry out this subtitle and the amend-
ments made by this subtitle. 
Subtitle B—Establishment of New 
Heavy-duty Vehicle Standards 
SEC. 
411. 
ESTABLISHMENT 
OF 
HEAVY-DUTY 
VEHICLE 
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS STANDARDS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
04:05 Apr 23, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H2814.IH
H2814
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB