IIB 
112TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1905 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
DECEMBER 14, 2011 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations 
AN ACT 
To strengthen Iran sanctions laws for the purpose of compel-
ling Iran to abandon its pursuit of nuclear weapons 
and other threatening activities, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Iran Threat Reduction Act of 2011’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings. 
Sec. 3. Statement of policy. 
TITLE I—IRAN ENERGY SANCTIONS 
Sec. 101. Findings. 
Sec. 102. Sense of Congress. 
Sec. 103. Declaration of policy. 
Sec. 104. Multilateral regime. 
Sec. 105. Imposition of sanctions. 
Sec. 106. Description of sanctions. 
Sec. 107. Advisory opinions. 
Sec. 108. Termination of sanctions. 
Sec. 109. Duration of sanctions. 
Sec. 110. Reports required. 
Sec. 111. Determinations not reviewable. 
Sec. 112. Definitions. 
Sec. 113. Effective date. 
Sec. 114. Repeal. 
TITLE II—IRAN FREEDOM SUPPORT 
Sec. 201. Codification of sanctions. 
Sec. 202. Liability of parent companies for violations of sanctions by foreign 
subsidiaries. 
Sec. 203. Declaration of Congress regarding United States policy toward Iran. 
Sec. 204. Assistance to support democracy in Iran. 
Sec. 205. Imposition of sanctions on certain persons who are responsible for or 
complicit in human rights abuses committed against citizens of 
Iran or their family members after the June 12, 2009, elec-
tions in Iran. 
Sec. 206. Clarification of sensitive technologies for purposes of procurement 
ban. 
Sec. 207. Comprehensive strategy to promote internet freedom and access to in-
formation in Iran. 
TITLE III—IRAN REGIME AND IRAN’S ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY 
GUARD CORPS ACCOUNTABILITY 
Sec. 301. Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. 
Sec. 302. Additional export sanctions against Iran. 
Sec. 303. Sanctions against affiliates of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard 
Corps. 
Sec. 304. Measures against foreign persons or entities supporting Iran’s Islamic 
Revolutionary Guard Corps. 
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Sec. 305. Special measures against foreign countries supporting Iran’s Islamic 
Revolutionary Guard Corps. 
Sec. 306. Authority of State and local governments to restrict contracts or li-
censes for certain sanctionable persons. 
Sec. 307. Iranian activities in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
Sec. 308. United States policy toward Iran. 
Sec. 309. Definitions. 
Sec. 310. Rule of construction. 
TITLE IV—IRAN FINANCIAL SANCTIONS; DIVESTMENT FROM 
CERTAIN COMPANIES THAT INVEST IN IRAN; AND PREVENTION 
OF DIVERSION OF CERTAIN GOODS, SERVICES, AND TECH-
NOLOGIES TO IRAN 
Sec. 401. Iran financial sanctions. 
Sec. 402. Divestment from certain companies that invest in Iran. 
Sec. 403. Prevention of diversion of certain goods, services, and technologies to 
Iran. 
TITLE V—SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
Sec. 501. Disclosures to the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to 
sanctionable activities. 
TITLE VI—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 601. Denial of visas for certain persons of the Government of Iran. 
Sec. 602. Inadmissibility of certain aliens who engage in certain activities with 
respect to Iran. 
Sec. 603. Amendments to civil and criminal penalties provisions under the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act. 
Sec. 604. Exclusion of certain activities. 
Sec. 605. Regulatory authority. 
Sec. 606. Sunset. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Successive administrations have clearly 
identified the unacceptability of the Iranian regime’s 
pursuit of nuclear weapons capabilities and the dan-
ger that pursuit presents to the United States, to 
our friends and allies, and to global security. 
(2) In May 1995, President Clinton stated that 
‘‘The specter of an Iran armed with weapons of 
mass destruction and the missiles to deliver them 
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haunts not only Israel but the entire Middle East 
and ultimately all the rest of us as well. The United 
States and, I believe, all the Western nations have 
an overriding interest in containing the threat posed 
by Iran.’’. 
(3) In the 2006 State of the Union Address, 
President Bush stated that ‘‘The Iranian govern-
ment is defying the world with its nuclear ambitions, 
and the nations of the world must not permit the 
Iranian regime to gain nuclear weapons. America 
will continue to rally the world to confront these 
threats.’’. 
(4) In February 2009, President Obama com-
mitted the Administration to ‘‘developing a strategy 
to use all elements of American power to prevent 
Iran from developing a nuclear weapon’’. 
(5) Iran is a major threat to United States na-
tional security interests, not only exemplified by 
Tehran’s nuclear program but also by its material 
assistance to armed groups in Iraq and Afghanistan, 
to the Palestinian group Hamas, to Lebanese 
Hezbollah, the Government of Syria, and to other 
extremists that seek to undermine regional stability. 
These capabilities provide the regime with potential 
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asymmetric delivery vehicles and mechanisms for nu-
clear or other unconventional weapons. 
(6) Iran’s growing inventory of ballistic missile 
and other destabilizing types of conventional weap-
ons provides the regime the capabilities to enhance 
its power projection throughout the region and un-
dermine the national security interests of the United 
States and its friends and allies. 
(7) Were Iran to achieve a nuclear weapons ca-
pability, it would, inter alia— 
(A) likely lead to the proliferation of such 
weapons throughout the region, where several 
states have already indicated interest in nuclear 
programs, and would dramatically undercut 60 
years of United States efforts to stop the 
spread of nuclear weapons; 
(B) greatly increase the threat of nuclear 
terrorism; 
(C) significantly expand Iran’s already- 
growing influence in the region; 
(D) insulate the regime from international 
pressure, giving it wider scope further to op-
press its citizens and pursue aggression region-
ally and globally; 
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(E) embolden all Iranian-supported ter-
rorist groups, including Hamas and Hezbollah; 
and 
(F) directly threaten several United States 
friends and allies, especially Israel, whose very 
right to exist has been denied successively by 
every leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and 
which Iranian President Ahmadinejad says 
should be ‘‘wiped off the map’’. 
(8) Successive Congresses have clearly recog-
nized the threat that the Iranian regime and its poli-
cies present to the United States, to our friends and 
allies, and to global security, and responded with 
successive bipartisan legislative initiatives. 
(9) The extent of the Iranian threat is greater 
today than when the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 
of 1996 was signed into law, now known as the Iran 
Sanctions Act of 1996. That landmark legislation 
imposed sanctions on foreign companies investing in 
Iran’s energy infrastructure in an effort to under-
mine the strategic threat from Iran, by cutting off 
investment in its petroleum sector and thereby deny-
ing the regime its economic lifeline and its ability to 
pursue a nuclear program. 
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(10) Laws such as the Iran and Libya Sanc-
tions Act of 1996, which was retitled the Iran Sanc-
tions Act of 1996, paved the way for the enactment 
of similar laws, such as the Iran, North Korea and 
Syria Nonproliferation Act, the Iran-Iraq Arms Non- 
Proliferation Act of 1992, the Iran Freedom Sup-
port Act, and the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, 
Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010. 
(11) United States sanctions on Iran have hin-
dered Iran’s ability to attract capital, material, and 
technical support for its petroleum sector, creating 
financial difficulties for the regime. 
(12) In the Joint Explanatory Statement of the 
Committee of Conference to the Comprehensive Iran 
Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 
2010 (Public Law 111–195; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note) 
issued on June 23, 2010, the Members of the Com-
mittee of Conference noted that ‘‘Although [the Iran 
Sanctions Act] was enacted more than a decade ago, 
no Administration has sanctioned a foreign entity 
for investing $20 million or more in Iran’s energy 
sector, despite a number of such investments. In-
deed, on only one occasion, in 1998, did the Admin-
istration make a determination regarding a sanc-
tions-triggering investment, but the Administration 
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waived sanctions against the offending persons. Con-
ferees believe that the lack of enforcement of rel-
evant enacted sanctions may have served to encour-
age rather than deter Iran’s efforts to pursue nu-
clear weapons.’’. 
(13) The Joint Explanatory Statement also 
noted that ‘‘The effectiveness of this Act will depend 
on its forceful implementation. The Conferees urge 
the President to vigorously impose the sanctions pro-
vided for in this Act.’’. 
(14) The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Ac-
countability, and Divestment Act of 2010 mandates 
among other provisions that the President initiate 
investigations of potentially sanctionable activity 
under the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996. Although 
more than 16 months have passed since enactment 
of this legislation, Congress has not received notice 
of the imposition of sanctions on any entities that do 
significant business in the United States, despite 
multiple reports of potentially sanctionable activity 
by such entities. Although, in accordance with the 
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and 
Divestment 
Act 
of 
2010, 
some 
potentially 
sanctionable entities have been persuaded to wind 
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down and end their involvement in Iran, others have 
not. 
(15) It is unlikely that Iran can be compelled 
to abandon its pursuit of nuclear weapons unless 
sanctions are fully and effectively implemented. 
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It shall be the policy of the United States to— 
(1) prevent Iran from— 
(A) acquiring or developing nuclear weap-
ons and associated delivery capabilities; 
(B) developing its unconventional weapons 
and ballistic missile capabilities; and 
(C) continuing its support for foreign ter-
rorist organizations and other activities aimed 
at undermining and destabilizing its neighbors 
and other nations; and 
(2) fully implement all multilateral and bilateral 
sanctions against Iran in order to deprive the Gov-
ernment of Iran of necessary resources and to com-
pel the Government of Iran to— 
(A) abandon and verifiably dismantle its 
nuclear capabilities; 
(B) abandon and verifiably dismantle its 
ballistic missile and unconventional weapons 
programs; and 
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(C) cease all support for foreign terrorist 
organizations and other activities aimed at un-
dermining and destabilizing its neighbors and 
other nations. 
TITLE I—IRAN ENERGY 
SANCTIONS 
SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The efforts of the Government of Iran to 
achieve nuclear weapons capability and to acquire 
other unconventional weapons and the means to de-
liver them, both through ballistic missile and asym-
metric means, and its support for foreign terrorist 
organizations and other extremists endanger the na-
tional security and foreign policy interests of the 
United States and those countries with which the 
United States shares common strategic and foreign 
policy objectives. 
(2) The objectives of preventing the prolifera-
tion of nuclear and other unconventional weapons 
and countering the activities of foreign terrorist or-
ganizations and other extremists through existing 
multilateral and bilateral initiatives require further 
efforts to deny Iran the financial means to sustain 
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its nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile weapons 
programs and its active support for terrorism. 
(3) The Government of Iran uses its diplomatic 
facilities and quasi-governmental institutions outside 
of Iran to support foreign terrorist organizations 
and other extremists, and assist its unconventional 
weapons and missile programs, including its nuclear 
program. 
SEC. 102. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that the goal of compelling 
Iran to abandon its pursuit of nuclear weapons and other 
threatening activities can be achieved most effectively 
through full implementation of all sanctions enacted into 
law, including those sanctions set out in this title. 
SEC. 103. DECLARATION OF POLICY. 
Congress declares that it is the policy of the United 
States to deny Iran the ability to support acts of foreign 
terrorist organizations and extremists and develop uncon-
ventional weapons and ballistic missiles. A critical means 
of achieving that goal is sanctions that limit Iran’s ability 
to develop its energy resources, including its ability to ex-
plore for, extract, refine, and transport by pipeline its hy-
drocarbon resources, in order to limit the funds Iran has 
available for pursuing its objectionable activities. 
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SEC. 104. MULTILATERAL REGIME. 
(a) MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS.—In order to 
further the objectives of section 103 of this Act, Congress 
urges the President immediately to initiate diplomatic ef-
forts, both in appropriate international fora such as the 
United Nations, and bilaterally with allies of the United 
States, to expand the multilateral sanctions regime re-
garding Iran, including— 
(1) qualitatively expanding the United Nations 
Security Council sanctions regime against Iran; 
(2) qualitatively expanding the range of sanc-
tions by the European Union, South Korea, Japan, 
Australia, and other key United States allies; 
(3) further efforts to limit Iran’s development 
of petroleum resources and import of refined petro-
leum; and 
(4) initiatives aimed at increasing non-Iranian 
crude oil product output for current purchasers of 
Iranian petroleum and petroleum byproducts. 
(b) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annu-
ally thereafter, the President shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report on the extent to 
which diplomatic efforts described in subsection (a) have 
been successful. Each report shall include— 
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(1) the countries that have agreed to undertake 
measures to further the objectives of section 103 of 
this Act with respect to Iran, and a description of 
those measures; and 
(2) the countries that have not agreed to meas-
ures described in paragraph (1), and, with respect to 
those countries, other measures the President rec-
ommends that the United States take to further the 
objectives of section 103 of this Act with respect to 
Iran. 
(c) INTERIM REPORT
ON MULTILATERAL SANC-
TIONS; MONITORING.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
on— 
(1) the countries that have established legisla-
tive or administrative standards providing for the 
imposition of trade sanctions on persons or their af-
filiates that conduct business or have investments in 
Iran; 
(2) the extent and duration of each instance of 
the application of such sanctions; and 
(3) the disposition of any decision with respect 
to such sanctions by the World Trade Organization 
or its predecessor organization. 
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(d) INVESTIGATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall initiate 
an investigation into the possible imposition of sanc-
tions under section 105 of this Act against a person 
upon receipt by the United States of credible infor-
mation indicating that such person is engaged in an 
activity described in such section. 
(2) DETERMINATION AND NOTIFICATION.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date on which an in-
vestigation is initiated under paragraph (1), the 
President shall (unless paragraph (6) applies) deter-
mine, pursuant to section 105 of this Act, if a per-
son has engaged in an activity described in such sec-
tion and shall notify the appropriate congressional 
committees of the basis for any such determination. 
(3) BRIEFING.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
at the end of every 3-month period thereafter, 
the President, acting through the Secretary of 
State, shall brief the appropriate congressional 
committees regarding investigations initiated 
under this subsection. 
(B) FORM.—The briefings required under 
subparagraph (A) shall be provided in unclassi-
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fied form, but may be provided in classified 
form. 
(4) SUBMISSION OF INFORMATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State 
shall, in accordance with section 15(b) of the 
State Department Basic Authorities Act of 
1956 (22 U.S.C. 2680(b)), provide to the ap-
propriate congressional committees all re-
quested information relating to investigations or 
reviews initiated under this title, including the 
number, scope, and dates of such investigations 
or reviews. 
(B) FORM.—The information required 
under subparagraph (A) shall be provided in 
unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
annex. 
(5) TERMINATION.—Subject to paragraph (6), 
the President may, on a case-by-case basis, termi-
nate an investigation of a person initiated under this 
subsection. 
(6) SPECIAL RULE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The President need not 
initiate an investigation, and may terminate an 
investigation, on a case-by-case basis under this 
subsection if the President certifies in writing 
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to the appropriate congressional committees 15 
days prior to the determination that— 
(i) the person whose activity was the 
basis for the investigation is no longer en-
gaging in the activity or is divesting all 
holdings and terminating the activity with-
in one year from the date of the certifi-
cation; and 
(ii) the President has received reliable 
assurances that the person will not know-
ingly engage in an activity described in 
section 105(a) of this Act in the future. 
(B) APPLICATION
OF
SANCTIONS.—The 
President shall apply the sanctions described in 
section 106(a) of this Act in accordance with 
section 105(a) of this Act to a person described 
in subparagraph (A) if— 
(i) the person fails to verifiably divest 
all holdings and terminate the activity de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) of this para-
graph within one year from the date of 
certification of the President under sub-
paragraph (A); or 
(ii) the person has been previously 
designated pursuant to section 4(e)(3) of 
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the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as in ef-
fect on the day before the date of the en-
actment of this Act, and fails to verifiably 
divest all holdings and terminate the activ-
ity described in subparagraph (A) within 
180 days from the date of enactment of 
this Act. 
(C) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
President shall transmit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report on the actions 
taken by persons previously designated pursu-
ant to section 4(e)(3) of the Iran Sanctions Act 
of 1996, as in effect on the day before the date 
of the enactment of this Act, to verifiably divest 
all holdings and terminate the activity described 
in subparagraph (A). 
SEC. 105. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. 
(a) SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOP-
MENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES OF IRAN, PRODUC-
TION OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN IRAN, AND 
EXPORTATION OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS TO 
IRAN.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES 
OF IRAN.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subsection (f), the President shall impose a ma-
jority of the sanctions described in section 
106(a) of this Act with respect to a person if 
the President determines that the person know-
ingly, on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act— 
(i) makes an investment described in 
subparagraph (B) of $20,000,000 or more; 
or 
(ii) makes a combination of invest-
ments described in subparagraph (B) in a 
12-month period if each such investment is 
of at least $5,000,000 and such invest-
ments equal or exceed $20,000,000 in the 
aggregate. 
(B) INVESTMENT DESCRIBED.—An invest-
ment described in this subparagraph is an in-
vestment that directly and significantly contrib-
utes to the enhancement of Iran’s ability to de-
velop petroleum resources. 
(2) PRODUCTION
OF
REFINED
PETROLEUM 
PRODUCTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subsection (f), the President shall impose a ma-
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jority of the sanctions described in section 
106(a) of this Act with respect to a person if 
the President determines that the person know-
ingly, on or after the date of the enactment this 
Act, sells, leases, or provides to Iran goods, 
services, technology, information, or support de-
scribed in subparagraph (B)— 
(i) any of which has a fair market 
value of $1,000,000 or more; or 
(ii) that, during a 12-month period, 
have an aggregate fair market value of 
$5,000,000 or more. 
(B) GOODS, SERVICES, TECHNOLOGY, IN-
FORMATION, OR SUPPORT DESCRIBED.—Goods, 
services, technology, information, or support de-
scribed in this subparagraph are goods, serv-
ices, technology, information, or support that 
could directly and significantly facilitate the 
maintenance or expansion of Iran’s domestic 
production of refined petroleum products, in-
cluding any direct and significant assistance 
with respect to the construction, modernization, 
or repair of petroleum refineries or associated 
infrastructure, including construction of port 
facilities, railways, and roads, the primary use 
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108 
HR 1905 RFS 
terest in, an entity that engages in an 
activity described in subclause (I); or 
‘‘(III) is a spouse or minor child 
of— 
‘‘(aa) an alien who engages 
in an activity described in sub-
clause (I); or 
‘‘(bb) the chief executive of-
ficer, president, or other indi-
vidual in charge of overall man-
agement of, a member of the 
board of directors of, or a share-
holder with a controlling interest 
in, an entity that engages in an 
activity described in subclause 
(I). 
‘‘(iii) NOTICE; WAIVER WITH RESPECT 
TO CERTAIN ENTITIES.— 
‘‘(I) NOTICE.—The Secretary of 
State may notify an alien the Sec-
retary determines may be inadmissible 
under this subparagraph— 
‘‘(aa) that the alien may be 
inadmissible; and 
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