be considered, for purposes of this subtitle, to be lawfully
present in the United States as a nonimmigrant.
SEC. 603. LIMITED ELIGIBILITY OF IMMIGRANTS FOR 5
SPECIFIED FEDERAL PUBLIC BENEFITS PRO-
GRAMS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law and except as provided in subsection (b), any
alien who is lawfully present in the United States shall
not be eligible for any of the following Federal means-test-
ed public benefits programs:
(1) SSI.—The supplemental security income
program under title XVI of the Social Security Act.
(2) TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMI-
LIES.—The program of block grants to States for
temporary assistance for needy families under part
A of title IV of the Social Security Act.
(3) SOCIAL SERVICES BLOCK GRANT.—The pro-
gram of block grants to States for social services
under title XX of the Social Security Act.
(4) MEDICAID.—The program of medical assist-
ance under title XIX of the Social Security Act.
(5) FOOD
STAMPS.—The program under the
Food Stamp Act of 1977.
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—
(1) TIME-LIMITED
EXCEPTION
FOR
REFU-
GEES.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to an alien
admitted to the United States as a refugee under
section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act
until 5 years after the date of such alien’s arrival
into the United States.
(2) CERTAIN
LONG-TERM, PERMANENT
RESI-
DENT, AGED
ALIENS.—Subsection (a) shall not
apply to an alien who—
(A) has been lawfully admitted to the
United States for permanent residence;
(B) is over 75 years of age; and
(C) has resided in the United States for at
least 5 years.
(3) VETERAN AND ACTIVE DUTY EXCEPTION.—
Subsection (a) shall not apply to an alien who is
lawfully residing in any State (or any territory or
possession of the United States) and is—
(A) a veteran (as defined in section 101 of
title 38, United States Code) with a discharge
characterized as an honorable discharge,
(B) on active duty (other than active duty
for training) in the Armed Forces of the United
States, or
(C) the spouse or unmarried dependent
child of an individual described in subparagraph
(A) or (B).
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of a
veteran who has been separated from military serv-
ice on account of alienage.
(4) EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.—Subsection (a)
shall not apply to the provision of non-cash, in-kind
emergency assistance (including emergency medical
services).
(5) 
TRANSITION
FOR
CURRENT
BENE-
FICIARIES.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to the eli-
gibility of an alien for a program until 1 year after
the date of the enactment of this Act if, on such
date of enactment, the alien is lawfully residing in
any State or any territory or possession of the
United States and is eligible for the program.
(6) CERTAIN PERMANENT RESIDENT AND DIS-
ABLED ALIENS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to
an alien who—
(A) has been lawfully admitted to the
United States for permanent residence; and
(B) is unable because of physical or devel-
opmental disability or mental impairment (in-
cluding Alzheimer’s disease) to comply with the
naturalization requirements of section 312(a) of
the Immigration and Naturalization Act.
SEC. 604. NOTIFICATION.
Each Federal agency that administers a program to
which section 601, 602, or 603 applies shall, directly or
through the States, post information and provide general
notification to the public and to program recipients of the
changes regarding eligibility for any such program pursu-
ant to this subtitle.
Subtitle 
B—Eligibility 
for 
State
and Local Public Benefits Pro-
grams
SEC. 611. INELIGIBILITY OF ILLEGAL ALIENS FOR STATE
AND LOCAL PUBLIC BENEFITS PROGRAMS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law and except as otherwise provided in this sec-
tion, no alien who is not lawfully present in the United
States (as determined in accordance with regulations of
the Attorney General) shall be eligible for any State
means-tested public benefits program (as defined in sec-
tion 631(d)(3)).
(b) EXCEPTION
FOR EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.—
Subsection (a) shall not apply to the provision of non-cash,
in-kind emergency assistance (including emergency medi-
cal services).
SEC. 612. INELIGIBILITY OF NONIMMIGRANTS FOR STATE
AND LOCAL PUBLIC BENEFITS PROGRAMS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law and except as otherwise provided in this sec-
tion, no alien who is lawfully present in the United States
as a nonimmigrant shall be eligible for any State means-
tested public benefits program (as defined in section
631(d)(3)).
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—
(1) EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.—The limitations
under subsection (a) shall not apply to the provision
of non-cash, in-kind emergency assistance (including
emergency medical services).
(2) ALIENS GRANTED ASYLUM.—Subsection (a)
shall not apply to an alien who is granted asylum
under section 208 of the Immigration and National-
ity Act or whose deportation has been withheld
under section 243(h) of such Act.
(3) TREATMENT
OF
TEMPORARY
AGRICUL-
TURAL WORKERS.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to
a nonimmigrant admitted as a temporary agricul-
tural worker under section 101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(a) of
the Immigration and Nationality Act or as the
spouse or minor child of such a worker under section
101(a)(15)(H)(iii) of such Act.
(c) TREATMENT
OF ALIENS PAROLED
INTO
THE
UNITED STATES.—An alien who is paroled into the
United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act for a period of less than 1 year shall
be considered, for purposes of this subtitle, to be lawfully
present in the United States as a nonimmigrant.
SEC. 613. STATE AUTHORITY TO LIMIT ELIGIBILITY OF IM-
MIGRANTS FOR STATE AND LOCAL MEANS-
TESTED PUBLIC BENEFITS PROGRAMS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law and except as otherwise provided in this section
or section 612, a State is authorized to determine eligi-
bility requirements for aliens who are lawfully present in
the United States for any State means-tested public bene-
fits program.
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—
(1) TIME-LIMITED
EXCEPTION
FOR
REFU-
GEES.—The authority under subsection (a) shall not
apply to an alien admitted to the United States as
a refugee under section 207 of the Immigration and
Nationality Act until 5 years after the date of such
alien’s arrival into the United States.
(2) CERTAIN
LONG-TERM, PERMANENT
RESI-
DENT, AGED
ALIENS.—The authority under sub-
section (a) shall not apply to an alien who—
(A) has been lawfully admitted to the
United States for permanent residence;
(B) is over 75 years of age; and
(C) has resided in the United States for at
least 5 years.
(3) VETERAN AND ACTIVE DUTY EXCEPTION.—
The authority under subsection (a) shall not apply
to an alien who is lawfully residing in any State (or
any territory or possession of the United States) and
is—
(A) a veteran (as defined in section 101 of
title 38, United States Code) with a discharge
characterized as an honorable discharge,
(B) on active duty (other than active duty
for training) in the Armed Forces of the United
States, or
(C) the spouse or unmarried dependent
child of an individual described in subparagraph
(A) or (B).
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of a
veteran who has been separated from military serv-
ice on account of alienage.
(4) EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE.—The authority
under subsection (a) shall not apply to the provision
of non-cash, in-kind emergency assistance (including
emergency medical services).
(5) TRANSITION.—The authority under sub-
section (a) shall not apply to eligibility of an alien
for a State means-tested public benefits program
until 1 year after the date of the enactment of this
Act if, on such date of enactment, the alien is law-
fully present in the United States and is eligible for
benefits under the program. Nothing in the previous
sentence is intended to address alien eligibility for
such a program before the date of the enactment of
this Act.
Subtitle C—Attribution of Income
and Affidavits of Support
SEC. 421. ATTRIBUTION OF SPONSOR’S INCOME AND RE-
SOURCES 
TO 
FAMILY-SPONSORED 
IMMI-
GRANTS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law and except as provided in subsection (c), in
determining the eligibility and the amount of benefits of
an alien for any means-tested public benefits program (as
defined in section 631(d)) the income and resources of the
alien shall be deemed to include—
(1) the income and resources of any person who
executed an affidavit of support pursuant to section
213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (as
added by section 622) in behalf of such alien, and
(2) the income and resources of the spouse (if
any) of the person.
(b) APPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall apply with
respect to an alien until such time as the alien achieves
United States citizenship through naturalization pursuant
to chapter 2 of title III of the Immigration and National-
ity Act.
(c) EXCEPTION
FOR HOUSING-RELATED ASSIST-
ANCE.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to any program for
housing or community development assistance adminis-
tered by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment, any program under title V of the Housing Act of
1949, or any assistance under section 306C of the Consoli-
dated Farm and Rural Development Act.
SEC. 622. REQUIREMENTS FOR SPONSOR’S AFFIDAVIT OF
SUPPORT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title II of the Immigration and
Nationality Act is amended by inserting after section 213
the following new section:
‘‘REQUIREMENTS FOR SPONSOR’S AFFIDAVIT OF SUPPORT
‘‘SEC. 213A. (a) ENFORCEABILITY.—No affidavit of
support may be accepted by the Attorney General or by
any consular officer to establish that an alien is not ex-
cludable as a public charge under section 212(a)(4) unless
such affidavit is executed as a contract—
‘‘(1) which is legally enforceable against the
sponsor by the Federal Government and by any
State (or any political subdivision of such State)
which provides any means-tested public benefits pro-
gram, but not later than 10 years after the alien last
receives any such benefit; and
‘‘(2) in which the sponsor agrees to submit to
the jurisdiction of any Federal or State court for the
purpose of actions brought under subsection (e)(2).
Such contract shall be enforceable with respect to benefits
provided to the alien until such time as the alien achieves
United States citizenship through naturalization pursuant
to chapter 2 of title III.
‘‘(b) FORMS.—Not later than 90 days after the date
of enactment of this section, the Attorney General, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary
of Health and Human Services, shall formulate an affida-
vit of support consistent with the provisions of this sec-
tion.
‘‘(c) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this
section shall be construed to grant third party beneficiary
rights to any sponsored alien under an affidavit of
support.
‘‘(d) NOTIFICATION OF CHANGE OF ADDRESS.—(1)
The sponsor shall notify the Federal Government and the
State in which the sponsored alien is currently resident
within 30 days of any change of address of the sponsor
during the period specified in subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(2) Any person subject to the requirement of para-
graph (1) who fails to satisfy such requirement shall be
subject to a civil penalty of—
‘‘(A) not less than $250 or more than $2,000,
or
‘‘(B) if such failure occurs with knowledge that
the sponsored alien has received any benefit under
any means-tested public benefits program, not less
than $2,000 or more than $5,000.
‘‘(e) 
REIMBURSEMENT
OF
GOVERNMENT
EX-
PENSES.—(1)(A) Upon notification that a sponsored alien
has received any benefit under any means-tested public
benefits program, the appropriate Federal, State, or local
official shall request reimbursement by the sponsor in the
amount of such assistance.
‘‘(B) The Attorney General, in consultation with the
Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall prescribe
such regulations as may be necessary to carry out sub-
paragraph (A).
‘‘(2) If within 45 days after requesting reimburse-
ment, the appropriate Federal, State, or local agency has
not received a response from the sponsor indicating a will-
ingness to commence payments, an action may be brought
against the sponsor pursuant to the affidavit of support.
‘‘(3) If the sponsor fails to abide by the repayment
terms established by such agency, the agency may, within
60 days of such failure, bring an action against the spon-
sor pursuant to the affidavit of support.
‘‘(4) No cause of action may be brought under this
subsection later than 10 years after the alien last received
any benefit under any means-tested public benefits pro-
gram.
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this sec-
tion—
‘‘(1) SPONSOR.—The term ‘sponsor’ means an
individual who—
‘‘(A) is a citizen or national of the United
States or an alien who is lawfully admitted to
the United States for permanent residence;
‘‘(B) is 18 years of age or over; and
‘‘(C) is domiciled in any State.
‘‘(2) MEANS-TESTED
PUBLIC
BENEFITS
PRO-
GRAM.—The term ‘means-tested public benefits pro-
gram’ means a program of public benefits (including
cash, medical, housing, and food assistance and so-
cial services) of the Federal Government or of a
State or political subdivision of a State in which the
eligibility of an individual, household, or family eligi-
bility unit for benefits under the program, or the
amount of such benefits, or both are determined on
the basis of income, resources, or financial need of
the individual, household, or unit.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents
of such Act is amended by inserting after the item relating
to section 213 the following:
‘‘Sec. 213A. Requirements for sponsor’s affidavit of support.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Subsection (a) of section
213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as inserted
by subsection (a) of this section, shall apply to affidavits
of support executed on or after a date specified by the
Attorney General, which date shall be not earlier than 60
days (and not later than 90 days) after the date the Attor-
ney General formulates the form for such affidavits under
subsection (b) of such section.
Subtitle D—General Provisions
SEC. 631. DEFINITIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in
this section, the terms used in this title have the same
meaning given such terms in section 101(a) of the Immi-
gration and Nationality Act.
(b) LAWFUL PRESENCE.—For purposes of this title,
the determination of whether an alien is lawfully present
in the United States shall be made in accordance with reg-
ulations of the Attorney General. An alien shall not be
considered to be lawfully present in the United States for
purposes of this title merely because the alien may be con-
sidered to be permanently residing in the United States
under color of law for purposes of any particular program.
(c) STATE.—As used in this title, the term ‘‘State’’
includes the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Amer-
ican Samoa.
(d) PUBLIC BENEFITS PROGRAMS.—As used in this
title—
(1) 
MEANS-TESTED
PROGRAM.—The 
term
‘‘means-tested public benefits program’’ means a
program of public benefits (including cash, medical,
housing, and food assistance and social services) of
the Federal Government or of a State or political
subdivision of a State in which the eligibility of an
individual, household, or family eligibility unit for
benefits under the program, or the amount of such
benefits, or both are determined on the basis of in-
come, resources, or financial need of the individual,
household, or unit.
(2) FEDERAL
MEANS-TESTED
PUBLIC
BENE-
FITS PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Federal means-tested
public benefits program’’ means a means-tested pub-
lic benefits program of (or contributed to by) the
Federal Government and under which the Federal
Government has specified standards for eligibility
and includes the programs specified in section
603(a).
(3) STATE
MEANS-TESTED
PUBLIC
BENEFITS
PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘State means-tested public
benefits program’’ means a means-tested public ben-
efits program of a State or political subdivision of a
State under which the State or political subdivision
specifies the standards for eligibility, and does not
include any Federal means-tested public benefits
program.
SEC. 632. CONSTRUCTION.
Nothing in this title shall be construed as addressing
alien eligibility for governmental programs that are not
means-tested public benefits programs.
Subtitle E—Conforming
Amendments
SEC. 641. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO AS-
SISTED HOUSING.
(a) LIMITATIONS ON ASSISTANCE.—Section 214 of
the Housing and Community Development Act of 1980
(42 U.S.C. 1436a) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development’’ each place it appears and in-
serting ‘‘applicable Secretary’’;
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting after ‘‘Na-
tional Housing Act,’’ the following: ‘‘the direct loan
program under section 502 of the Housing Act of
1949 or section 502(c)(5)(D), 504, 521(a)(2)(A), or
542 of such Act, subtitle A of title III of the Cran-
ston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act,’’;
(3) in paragraphs (2) through (6) of subsection
(d), by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ each place it appears
and inserting ‘‘applicable Secretary’’;
(4) in subsection (d), in the matter following
paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘the term ‘Secretary’’’
and inserting ‘‘the term ‘applicable Secretary’’’; and
(5) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section:
‘‘(h) For purposes of this section, the term ‘applicable
Secretary’ means—
‘‘(1) the Secretary of Housing and Urban De-
velopment, with respect to financial assistance ad-
ministered by such Secretary and financial assist-
ance under subtitle A of title III of the Cranston-
Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act; and
‘‘(2) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect
to financial assistance administered by such Sec-
retary.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 501(h) of
the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1471(h)) is
amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(1)’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘by the Secretary of Housing
and Urban Development’’; and
(3) by striking paragraph (2).
Subtitle F—Exclusion of Aliens
Likely to Become Public Charges
SEC. 651. EXCLUSION OF ALIENS LIKELY TO BECOME PUB-
LIC CHARGES.
Section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)) is amended by striking paragraph
(4) and inserting the following:
‘‘(4) PUBLIC CHARGE.—Any alien who cannot
demonstrate to the consular officer at the time of
application for a visa, or to the Attorney General at
the time of application for admission or adjustment
of status, that, taking into account the alien’s age
and medical condition, the alien has assets, edu-
cation, skills, or a combination thereof that make it
very unlikely that the alien will become eligible for
means-tested public assistance of any kind (includ-
ing, but not limited to, medical care or food and
housing assistance) or will otherwise become a public
charge is excludable.’’.
TITLE VII—STRENGTHENING
CITIZENSHIP
SEC. 701. CONSTITUTIONAL CITIZENSHIP.
In the exercise of its powers under section 5 of the
Fourteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of
the United States, the Congress has determined and here-
by declares that any person born after the date of enact-
ment of this Act to a mother who is neither a citizen of
the United States nor admitted to the United States as
a lawful permanent resident, and which person is a na-
tional or citizen of another country of which either of his
or her natural parents is a national or citizen, or is enti-
tled upon application to become a national or citizen of
such country, shall be considered as born subject to the
jurisdiction of that foreign country and not subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States within the meaning of
section 1 of such Article and shall therefore not be a citi-
zen of the United States or of any State solely by reason
of birth within the United States.
SEC. 702. CONSTITUTIONAL VOTING PRIVILEGE.
In the exercise of its powers under section 5 of the
Fourteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of
the United States to enforce the prohibition of section 1
of such Article against the making or enforcing of any law
that shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States, the Congress determines that the
right of citizens to vote is a privilege of citizens of the
United States and that voting in elections of the United
States or of any State by persons who are not citizens
of the United States is an abridgement of that privilege.
It shall be unlawful, and a misdemeanor punishable by a
fine of not more than $1,000 and/or imprisonment of not
more than 30 days for each unlawful vote, for any person
who is not a citizen of the United States to vote in any
election to which the provisions of the Fifteenth, Nine-
teenth, Twenty-Fourth, or Twenty-Sixth Article of
Amendment to the Constitution applies or in any other
election, referendum, ballot, or other procedure of the
United States or of any State in which votes are taken.
Any vote that is cast in violation of this section shall be
null, void, and of no effect and shall not be counted.
SEC. 703. NATURALIZATION.
(a) REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-ELDERLY ALIENS.—
Section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1423) is amended by—
(1) striking all that follows ‘‘this Act,’’ in para-
graph (1) and inserting ‘‘is over 65 years of age and
has been living in the United States for periods to-
taling at least 20 years subsequent to a lawful ad-
mission for permanent residence.’’;
(2) striking ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘applicant;’’ in para-
graph (1);
(3) striking ‘‘the period’’ after ‘‘United States’’
in subsection (2) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(4) adding the following sentence after para-
graph (2): ‘‘The demonstration required by this sec-
tion shall be made in the physical presence of an em-
ployee of the Immigration and Naturalization Serv-
ice.’’.
(b) GOOD MORAL CHARACTER REQUIREMENT.—Sec-
tion 316 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1427) is amended by adding the following sentence at the
end of subsection (a): ‘‘Action by the alien to commit a
fraud upon the Immigration and Naturalization Service
in connection with his own admission or to aid or abet
the commission of such a fraud by any other alien shall
be considered conclusive evidence that the alien lacks good
moral character.’’.
SEC. 704. LEGAL ACTIONS BY STATE AND LOCAL GOVERN-
MENTS.
(a) ACTIONS BY STATES AND THEIR POLITICAL SUB-
DIVISIONS.—The Immigration and Nationality Act is
amended by adding the following new section after section
293 (8 U.S.C. 1363):
‘‘SEC. 294. ACTIONS BASED ON IMMIGRATION LAW VIOLA-
TIONS.
‘‘(a) ACTIONS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES.—The
Governor or Attorney General of any State may commence
a civil suit on behalf of the State and any of its political
subdivisions against the head of any agency of the Federal
Government upon an allegation that the number of aliens
entering or residing in the State in violation of this Act
has increased, is increasing, or is likely to increase by rea-
son of (1) a failure of such agency to perform within a
reasonable time any nondiscretionary act or duty under
an immigration-related law, (2) a policy of such agency
to authorize, encourage, or enable one or more classes of
excludable or deportable aliens to remain within the Unit-
ed States or be employed within the United States, or (3)
a policy of such agency of releasing from the custody of
the United States excludable or deportable aliens without
effective provision for their prompt departure or return
to custody. Any such action shall be brought in a United
States district court for a district that is wholly or partly
within the State bringing the suit or in the United States
District Court for the District of Columbia. The district
court shall have jurisdiction to order the head of any agen-
cy of the United States to perform any act or duty re-
quired by an immigration-related law. If the court finds
that the actions or policies of the department or agency
were in willful and prolonged disregard of any immigra-
tion-related law, the court may order the United States
to reimburse the State or any of its political subdivisions
for the direct costs to the State or the political subdivision
attributable to such actions.
‘‘(b) LITIGATION COSTS.—If an action under this
section is against a party other than a department or
agency of the United States, the court may award the
costs of litigation (including reasonable attorney and ex-
pert witness fees) to the prevailing party, whenever the
court determines such an award is appropriate.
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the
term ‘immigration-related law’ means this Act and any
Federal law that limits or prohibits the provision of finan-
cial assistance to ineligible aliens or the expenditure of
funds for the benefit of ineligible aliens.’’.
TITLE VIII—IMMIGRATION AND
NATURALIZATION SERVICE
SEC. 801. ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT AGENCY.
For the purposes of maintaining order in the admis-
sion and departure of aliens, of protecting American work-
ers from unfair competition with alien workers, and of pro-
tecting the general public from crime, terrorism, abuse of
public benefits and facilities, environmental degradation,
and other adverse consequences of uncontrolled entry of
person or property across the borders of the United
States, the Immigration and Naturalization Service is es-
tablished as an agency of the United States Government
outside of the Department of Justice. The Immigration
and Naturalization Service shall execute and enforce the
provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act. The
funds, property, and personnel of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service of the Department of Justice are
transferred to the Immigration and Naturalization Service
that is established by this section.
SEC. 802. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.
(a) The Immigration and Nationality Act is amend-
ed—
(1) by striking ‘‘of the Department of Justice’’
in section 101(a)(34);
(2) by striking ‘‘which are conferred upon the
Attorney General as may be delegated to him by the
Attorney General or which may be prescribed by the
Attorney General’’ in section 103(b); and
(3) by striking ‘‘Attorney General’’ from all sec-
tions of the Act except section 101(a)(5) and insert-
ing ‘‘Commissioner’’.
(b) Sections 1551 and 1552 of title 8, United States
Code, are repealed.
Æ
HR 2162 IH——2
HR 2162 IH——3
HR 2162 IH——4
HR 2162 IH——5