II 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 2760
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
OCTOBER 9, 2004
Received 
AN ACT 
To limit United States assistance for Ethiopia and Eritrea 
if those countries are not in compliance with the terms 
and conditions of agreements entered into by the two 
countries to end hostilities and provide for a demarcation 
of the border between the two countries, and for other 
purposes.
HR 2760 RDS 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Resolution of the Ethi-
opia–Eritrea Border Dispute Act of 2004’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ALGIERS AGREEMENTS.—The term ‘‘Algiers 
Agreements’’ means the Cessation of Hostilities 
Agreement and the Comprehensive Peace Agree-
ment. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the Committee on International Re-
lations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
(3) CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES AGREEMENT.—
The term ‘‘Cessation of Hostilities Agreement’’ 
means the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities 
signed on June 18, 2000, in Algiers, Algeria, by the 
Government of Ethiopia and the Government of Eri-
trea that established a temporary demilitarized secu-
rity zone within Eritrea to be enforced by the United 
Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Ethiopia and Eri-
trea (UNMEE).
HR 2760 RDS 
(4) COMPREHENSIVE PEACE AGREEMENT.—The 
term ‘‘Comprehensive Peace Agreement’’ means the 
agreement signed on December 12, 2000, in Algiers, 
Algeria, by the Government of Ethiopia and the 
Government of Eritrea, under the auspices of the 
Organization of African Unity (OAU), that provided 
for an end to military hostilities between the two 
countries, assurances by the countries to refrain 
from the threat or use of force against each other, 
and established a neutral Boundary Commission to 
delimit and demarcate the border between the two 
countries. 
(5) ECONOMIC
ASSISTANCE.—The term ‘‘eco-
nomic assistance’’ means—
(A) assistance under chapter 1 of part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to 
development assistance); and 
(B) assistance under chapter 4 of part II 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating 
to economic support fund assistance). 
(6) MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND ARMS TRANS-
FERS.—The term ‘‘military assistance and arms 
transfers’’ means—
(A) assistance under chapter 2 of part II 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating
HR 2760 RDS 
to military assistance), including the transfer of 
excess defense articles under section 516 of that 
Act; 
(B) assistance under chapter 5 of part II 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating 
to international military education and training 
or ‘‘IMET’’), including military education and 
training for civilian personnel under section 541 
of that Act (commonly referred to as ‘‘Ex-
panded IMET’’); and 
(C) assistance under the ‘‘Foreign Military 
Financing’’ Program under section 23 of the 
Arms Export Control Act and the transfer of 
defense articles, defense services, design and 
construction services, or any other defense-re-
lated training under that Act. 
SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) On May 6, 1998, a conflict erupted between 
Ethiopia and Eritrea, two of the world’s poorest 
countries. 
(2) The two-year war claimed 100,000 lives, 
displaced more than 1,000,000 people, cost Ethiopia 
more than $2,900,000,000, and caused a 62 percent 
decline in food production in Eritrea.
HR 2760 RDS 
(3) Millions of dollars were diverted from much 
needed development projects into military activities 
and weapons procurements at a time when severe 
drought threatened a famine in both Ethiopia and 
Eritrea, as bad as the famine in 1984 in those coun-
tries, putting more than 13,000,000 lives at risk. 
(4) On June 18, 2000, Prime Minister Meles 
Zenawi of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethi-
opia and President Isaias Afewerki of the State of 
Eritrea signed the Cessation of Hostilities Agree-
ment in Algiers, Algeria. On December 12, 2000, 
the two countries also signed the Comprehensive 
Peace Agreement in Algiers under the auspices of 
the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and in the 
presence of United Nations Secretary General Kofi 
Annan and President Abdel-Aziz Boutheflika of Al-
geria. 
(5) Article 4.2 of the Comprehensive Peace 
Agreement states the following: ‘‘The parties agree 
that a neutral Boundary Commission composed of 
five members shall be established with a mandate to 
delimit and demarcate the colonial treaty border [be-
tween the two countries] based on pertinent colonial 
treaties (1900, 1902 and 1908) and applicable inter-
national law.’’.
HR 2760 RDS 
(6) Article 4.15 of the Comprehensive Peace 
Agreement states the following: ‘‘The parties agree 
that the delimitation and demarcation determina-
tions of the Commission shall be final and binding. 
Each party shall respect the border so determined, 
as well as territorial integrity and sovereignty of the 
other party.’’. 
(7)(A) The President of the United Nations Se-
curity Council, on behalf of the Security Council, 
confirmed the Security Council’s endorsement of the 
terms and conditions of the Algiers Agreements, 
with special reference to the neutral Boundary Com-
mission described in Article 4.2 of the Comprehen-
sive Peace Agreement and its mandate. 
(B) In addition, the Security Council reaffirmed 
its support for the Algiers Agreements in United 
Nations Security Council Resolutions 1312 (July 31, 
2000), 1320 (September 15, 2000), 1344 (March 
15, 2001), 1369 (September 14, 2001), 1398 
(March 15, 2002), 1430 (August 14, 2002), 1434 
(September 6, 2002), 1466 (March 14, 2003), 1507 
(September 12, 2003), 1531 (March 12, 2004), and 
1560 (September 14, 2004). 
(8) On April 13, 2002, the neutral Boundary 
Commission announced its ‘‘Delimitation Decision’’,