II
105TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 2183
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
AUGUST 31, 1998
Received and read the first time
AN ACT
To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to
reform the financing of campaigns for elections for Fed-
eral office, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the
‘‘Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 1998’’.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of
this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I—REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE
Sec. 101. Soft money of political parties.
Sec. 102. Increased contribution limits for State committees of political parties
and aggregate contribution limit for individuals.
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements.
TITLE II—INDEPENDENT AND COORDINATED EXPENDITURES
Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Civil penalty.
Sec. 203. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures.
Sec. 204. Independent versus coordinated expenditures by party.
Sec. 205. Coordination with candidates.
TITLE III—DISCLOSURE
Sec. 301. Filing of reports using computers and facsimile machines.
Sec. 302. Prohibition of deposit of contributions with incomplete contributor in-
formation.
Sec. 303. Audits.
Sec. 304. Reporting requirements for contributions of $50 or more.
Sec. 305. Use of candidates’ names.
Sec. 306. Prohibition of false representation to solicit contributions.
Sec. 307. Soft money of persons other than political parties.
Sec. 308. Campaign advertising.
TITLE IV—PERSONAL WEALTH OPTION
Sec. 401. Voluntary personal funds expenditure limit.
Sec. 402. Political party committee coordinated expenditures.
TITLE V—MISCELLANEOUS
Sec. 501. Codification of Beck decision.
Sec. 502. Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes.
Sec. 503. Limit on congressional use of the franking privilege.
Sec. 504. Prohibition of fundraising on Federal property.
Sec. 505. Penalties for knowing and willful violations.
Sec. 506. Ban on campaign contributions by noncitizens.
Sec. 507. Prohibition of contributions by minors.
Sec. 508. Expedited procedures.
Sec. 509. Initiation of enforcement proceeding.
Sec. 510. Protecting equal participation of eligible voters in campaigns and
elections.
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Sec. 511. Prohibiting noncitizen individuals from making contributions in con-
nection with Federal elections.
Sec. 512. Penalty for violation of prohibition against foreign contributions.
Sec. 513. Expedited court review of certain alleged violations of Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971.
Sec. 514. Conspiracy to violate Presidential campaign spending limits.
Sec. 515. Deposit of certain contributions and donations in treasury account.
Sec. 516. Establishment of a clearinghouse of information on political activities
within the Federal Election Commission.
Sec. 517. Permitting permanent resident aliens serving in Armed Forces to
make contributions.
Sec. 518. Enforcement of spending limit on Presidential and Vice Presidential
candidates who receive public financing.
TITLE VI—SEVERABILITY; CONSTITUTIONALITY; EFFECTIVE
DATE; REGULATIONS
Sec. 601. Severability.
Sec. 602. Review of constitutional issues.
Sec. 603. Effective date.
Sec. 604. Regulations.
TITLE VII—INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON CAMPAIGN FINANCE
REFORM
Sec. 701. Establishment and purpose of Commission.
Sec. 702. Membership of Commission.
Sec. 703. Powers of Commission.
Sec. 704. Administrative provisions.
Sec. 705. Report and recommended legislation.
Sec. 706. Expedited congressional consideration of legislation.
Sec. 707. Termination.
Sec. 708. Authorization of appropriations.
TITLE VIII—PROHIBITING USE OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND
ACCOMMODATIONS FOR POLITICAL FUNDRAISING
Sec. 801. Prohibiting use of White House meals and accommodations for politi-
cal fundraising.
TITLE IX—SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING FUNDRAISING
ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
Sec. 901. Sense of the Congress regarding applicability of controlling legal au-
thority to fundraising on Federal Government property.
TITLE X—PROHIBITING SOLICITATION TO OBTAIN ACCESS TO
CERTAIN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
Sec. 1001. Prohibition against acceptance or solicitation to obtain access to cer-
tain Federal Government property.
TITLE XI—REIMBURSEMENT FOR USE OF AIR FORCE ONE FOR
POLITICAL FUNDRAISING
Sec. 1101. Requiring national parties to reimburse at cost for use of Air Force
One for political fundraising.
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TITLE XII—PROHIBITING USE OF WALKING AROUND MONEY
Sec. 1201. Prohibiting campaigns from providing currency to individuals for
purposes of encouraging turnout on date of election.
TITLE XIII—ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT OF CAMPAIGN LAW
Sec. 1301. Enhancing enforcement of campaign finance law.
TITLE XIV—BAN ON COORDINATED SOFT MONEY ACTIVITIES BY
PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES
Sec. 1401. Ban on coordination of soft money for issue advocacy by Presi-
dential candidates receiving public financing.
TITLE XV—POSTING NAMES OF CERTAIN AIR FORCE ONE
PASSENGERS ON INTERNET
Sec. 1501. Requirement that names of passengers on Air Force One and Air
Force Two be made available through the internet.
TITLE XVI—EXPULSION PROCEEDINGS FOR HOUSE MEMBERS
RECEIVING FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS
Sec. 1601. Permitting consideration of privileged motion to expel House Mem-
ber accepting illegal foreign contribution.
TITLE I—REDUCTION OF
SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE
SEC. 101. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the
end the following new section:
‘‘SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES
‘‘SEC. 323. (a) NATIONAL COMMITTEES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A national committee of a
political party (including a national congressional
campaign committee of a political party) and any of-
ficers or agents of such party committees, shall not
solicit, receive, or direct to another person a con-
tribution, donation, or transfer of funds, or spend
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any funds, that are not subject to the limitations,
prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act.
‘‘(2) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection shall
apply to an entity that is directly or indirectly estab-
lished, financed, maintained, or controlled by a na-
tional committee of a political party (including a na-
tional congressional campaign committee of a politi-
cal party), or an entity acting on behalf of a national
committee, and an officer or agent acting on behalf
of any such committee or entity.
‘‘(b) STATE, DISTRICT, AND LOCAL COMMITTEES.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—An amount that is ex-
pended or disbursed by a State, district, or local
committee of a political party (including an entity
that is directly or indirectly established, financed,
maintained, or controlled by a State, district, or
local committee of a political party and an officer or
agent acting on behalf of such committee or entity)
for Federal election activity shall be made from
funds subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and re-
porting requirements of this Act.
‘‘(2) FEDERAL ELECTION ACTIVITY.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘Federal
election activity’ means—
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‘‘(i) voter registration activity during
the period that begins on the date that is
120 days before the date a regularly sched-
uled Federal election is held and ends on
the date of the election;
‘‘(ii) voter identification, get-out-the-
vote activity, or generic campaign activity
conducted in connection with an election in
which a candidate for Federal office ap-
pears on the ballot (regardless of whether
a candidate for State or local office also
appears on the ballot); and
‘‘(iii) a communication that refers to a
clearly identified candidate for Federal of-
fice (regardless of whether a candidate for
State or local office is also mentioned or
identified) and is made for the purpose of
influencing a Federal election (regardless
of whether the communication is express
advocacy).
‘‘(B) EXCLUDED
ACTIVITY.—The term
‘Federal election activity’ does not include an
amount expended or disbursed by a State, dis-
trict, or local committee of a political party
for—
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‘‘(i) campaign activity conducted sole-
ly on behalf of a clearly identified can-
didate for State or local office, provided
the campaign activity is not a Federal elec-
tion activity described in subparagraph
(A);
‘‘(ii) a contribution to a candidate for
State or local office, provided the contribu-
tion is not designated or used to pay for a
Federal election activity described in sub-
paragraph (A);
‘‘(iii) the costs of a State, district, or
local political convention;
‘‘(iv) the costs of grassroots campaign
materials, including buttons, bumper stick-
ers, and yard signs, that name or depict
only a candidate for State or local office;
‘‘(v) the non-Federal share of a State,
district, or local party committee’s admin-
istrative and overhead expenses (but not
including the compensation in any month
of an individual who spends more than 20
percent of the individual’s time on Federal
election activity) as determined by a regu-
lation promulgated by the Commission to
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determine the non-Federal share of a
State, district, or local party committee’s
administrative and overhead expenses; and
‘‘(vi) the cost of constructing or pur-
chasing an office facility or equipment for
a State, district or local committee.
‘‘(c) FUNDRAISING COSTS.—An amount spent by a
national, State, district, or local committee of a political
party, by an entity that is established, financed, main-
tained, or controlled by a national, State, district, or local
committee of a political party, or by an agent or officer
of any such committee or entity, to raise funds that are
used, in whole or in part, to pay the costs of a Federal
election activity shall be made from funds subject to the
limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of
this Act.
‘‘(d) TAX-EXEMPT
ORGANIZATIONS.—A national,
State, district, or local committee of a political party (in-
cluding a national congressional campaign committee of
a political party, an entity that is directly or indirectly
established, financed, maintained, or controlled by any
such national, State, district, or local committee or its
agent, an agent acting on behalf of any such party com-
mittee, and an officer or agent acting on behalf of any
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such party committee or entity), shall not solicit any funds
for, or make or direct any donations to, an organization
that is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section
501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an application to
the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service for de-
termination of tax-exemption under such section).
‘‘(e) CANDIDATES.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—A candidate, individual
holding Federal office, or agent of a candidate or in-
dividual holding Federal office shall not solicit, re-
ceive, direct, transfer, or spend funds for a Federal
election activity on behalf of such candidate, individ-
ual, agent or any other person, unless the funds are
subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting
requirements of this Act.
‘‘(2) STATE
LAW.—Paragraph (1) does not
apply to the solicitation or receipt of funds by an in-
dividual who is a candidate for a State or local office
if the solicitation or receipt of funds is permitted
under State law for any activity other than a Fed-
eral election activity.
‘‘(3) FUNDRAISING
EVENTS.—Paragraph (1)
does not apply in the case of a candidate who at-
tends, speaks, or is a featured guest at a fundraising
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event sponsored by a State, district, or local commit-
tee of a political party.’’.
SEC. 102. INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMITS FOR STATE
COMMITTEES OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND
AGGREGATE CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR INDI-
VIDUALS.
(a) CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR STATE COMMITTEES
OF POLITICAL PARTIES.—Section 315(a)(1) of the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(1))
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘or’’ at
the end;
(2) in subparagraph (C)—
(A) by inserting ‘‘(other than a committee
described in subparagraph (D))’’ after ‘‘com-
mittee’’; and
(B) by striking the period at the end and
inserting ‘‘; or’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(D) to a political committee established and
maintained by a State committee of a political party
in any calendar year that, in the aggregate, exceed
$10,000’’.
(b) AGGREGATE CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR INDIVID-
UAL.—Section 315(a)(3) of the Federal Election Cam-
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paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(3)) is amended by
striking ‘‘$25,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$30,000’’.
SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
(a) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Section 304 of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434)
(as amended by section 203) is amended by inserting after
subsection (d) the following:
‘‘(e) POLITICAL COMMITTEES.—
‘‘(1) NATIONAL AND CONGRESSIONAL POLITI-
CAL COMMITTEES.—The national committee of a po-
litical party, any national congressional campaign
committee of a political party, and any subordinate
committee of either, shall report all receipts and dis-
bursements during the reporting period.
‘‘(2) OTHER POLITICAL COMMITTEES TO WHICH
SECTION 323 APPLIES.—A political committee (not
described in paragraph (1)) to which section
323(b)(1) applies shall report all receipts and dis-
bursements made for activities described in para-
graphs (2)(A) and (3)(B)(v) of section 323(b).
‘‘(3) ITEMIZATION.—If a political committee
has receipts or disbursements to which this sub-
section applies from any person aggregating in ex-
cess of $200 for any calendar year, the political
committee shall separately itemize its reporting for
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such person in the same manner as required in para-
graphs (3)(A), (5), and (6) of subsection (b).
‘‘(4) REPORTING
PERIODS.—Reports required
to be filed under this subsection shall be filed for the
same time periods required for political committees
under subsection (a).’’.
(b) BUILDING FUND EXCEPTION TO THE DEFINI-
TION OF CONTRIBUTION.—Section 301(8)(B) of the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B))
is amended—
(1) by striking clause (viii); and
(2) by redesignating clauses (ix) through (xiv)
as clauses (viii) through (xiii), respectively.
TITLE II—INDEPENDENT AND
COORDINATED EXPENDITURES
SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.
(a) DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE.—
Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (2
U.S.C. 431) is amended by striking paragraph (17) and
inserting the following:
‘‘(17) INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘independ-
ent expenditure’ means an expenditure by a
person—
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‘‘(i) for a communication that is ex-
press advocacy; and
‘‘(ii) that is not provided in coordina-
tion with a candidate or a candidate’s
agent or a person who is coordinating with
a candidate or a candidate’s agent.’’.
(b) DEFINITION OF EXPRESS ADVOCACY.—Section
301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2
U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end the follow-
ing:
‘‘(20) EXPRESS ADVOCACY.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘express ad-
vocacy’ means a communication that advocates
the election or defeat of a candidate by—
‘‘(i) containing a phrase such as ‘vote
for’, ‘re-elect’, ‘support’, ‘cast your ballot
for’, ‘(name of candidate) for Congress’,
‘(name of candidate) in 1997’, ‘vote
against’, ‘defeat’, ‘reject’, or a campaign
slogan or words that in context can have
no reasonable meaning other than to advo-
cate the election or defeat of one or more
clearly identified candidates;
‘‘(ii) referring to one or more clearly
identified candidates in a paid advertise-
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ment that is transmitted through radio or
television within 60 calendar days preced-
ing the date of an election of the candidate
and that appears in the State in which the
election is occurring, except that with re-
spect to a candidate for the office of Vice
President or President, the time period is
within 60 calendar days preceding the date
of a general election; or
‘‘(iii) expressing unmistakable and un-
ambiguous support for or opposition to one
or more clearly identified candidates when
taken as a whole and with limited ref-
erence to external events, such as proxim-
ity to an election.
‘‘(B) VOTING RECORD AND VOTING GUIDE
EXCEPTION.—The term ‘express advocacy’ does
not include a communication which is in printed
form or posted on the Internet that—
‘‘(i) presents information solely about
the voting record or position on a cam-
paign issue of one or more candidates: Pro-
vided, however, That the sponsor of the
voting record or voting guide may state its
agreement or disagreement with the record
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or position of the candidate: Provided fur-
ther, That the voting record or voting
guide when taken as a whole does not ex-
press unmistakable and unambiguous sup-
port for or opposition to one or more clear-
ly identified candidates;
‘‘(ii) is not made in coordination with
a candidate, political party, or agent of the
candidate or party, or a candidate’s agent
or a person who is coordinating with a can-
didate or a candidate’s agent: Provided,
That nothing herein shall prevent the
sponsor of the voting guide from directing
questions in writing to candidates about
their position on issues for purposes of
preparing a voter guide, and the candidate
from responding in writing to such ques-
tions; and
‘‘(iii) does not contain a phrase such
as ‘vote for’, ‘re-elect’, ‘support’, ‘cast your
ballot for’, ‘(name of candidate) for Con-
gress’, ‘(name of candidate) in 1997’, ‘vote
against’, ‘defeat’, or ‘reject’, or a campaign
slogan or words that in context can have
no reasonable meaning other than to urge
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the election or defeat of one or more clear-
ly identified candidates.’’.
(c) 
DEFINITION
OF
EXPENDITURE.—Section
301(9)(A) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 431(9)(A)) is amended—
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end;
(2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(iii) a payment for a communication that is
express advocacy; and
‘‘(iv) a payment made by a person for a com-
munication that—
‘‘(I) refers to a clearly identified candidate;
‘‘(II) is provided in coordination with the
candidate, the candidate’s agent, or the political
party of the candidate; and
‘‘(III) is for the purpose of influencing a
Federal election (regardless of whether the com-
munication is express advocacy).’’.
SEC. 202. EXPRESS ADVOCACY DETERMINED WITHOUT RE-
GARD TO BACKGROUND MUSIC.
Section 301 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding
at the end the following new paragraph:
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‘‘(20) In determining whether any communica-
tion by television or radio broadcast constitutes ex-
press advocacy for purposes of this Act, there shall
not be taken into account any background music not
including lyrics used in such broadcast.
SEC. 203. CIVIL PENALTY.
Section 309 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in paragraph (4)(A)—
(i) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘clause
(ii)’’ and inserting ‘‘clauses (ii) and (iii)’’;
and
(ii) by adding at the end the follow-
ing:
‘‘(iii) If the Commission determines by an affirmative
vote of 4 of its members that there is probable cause to
believe that a person has made a knowing and willful viola-
tion of section 304(c), the Commission shall not enter into
a conciliation agreement under this paragraph and may
institute a civil action for relief under paragraph (6)(A).’’;
and
(B) in paragraph (6)(B), by inserting ‘‘(ex-
cept an action instituted in connection with a
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knowing 
and 
willful 
violation 
of 
section
304(c))’’ after ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’; and
(2) in subsection (d)(1)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘Any
person’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in
subparagraph (D), any person’’; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(D) In the case of a knowing and willful violation
of section 304(c) that involves the reporting of an inde-
pendent expenditure, the violation shall not be subject to
this subsection.’’.
SEC. 204. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDE-
PENDENT EXPENDITURES.
Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended—
(1) in subsection (c)(2), by striking the undes-
ignated matter after subparagraph (C);
(2) by redesignating paragraph (3) of sub-
section (c) as subsection (f); and
(3) by inserting after subsection (c)(2) (as
amended by paragraph (1)) the following:
‘‘(d) TIME
FOR REPORTING CERTAIN EXPENDI-
TURES.—
‘‘(1) EXPENDITURES AGGREGATING $1,000.—
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‘‘(A) INITIAL REPORT.—A person (includ-
ing a political committee) that makes or con-
tracts to make independent expenditures aggre-
gating $1,000 or more after the 20th day, but
more than 24 hours, before the date of an elec-
tion shall file a report describing the expendi-
tures within 24 hours after that amount of
independent expenditures has been made.
‘‘(B) ADDITIONAL REPORTS.—After a per-
son files a report under subparagraph (A), the
person shall file an additional report within 24
hours after each time the person makes or con-
tracts to make independent expenditures aggre-
gating an additional $1,000 with respect to the
same election as that to which the initial report
relates.
‘‘(2) EXPENDITURES AGGREGATING $10,000.—
‘‘(A) INITIAL REPORT.—A person (includ-
ing a political committee) that makes or con-
tracts to make independent expenditures aggre-
gating $10,000 or more at any time up to and
including the 20th day before the date of an
election shall file a report describing the ex-
penditures within 48 hours after that amount
of independent expenditures has been made.
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‘‘(B) ADDITIONAL REPORTS.—After a per-
son files a report under subparagraph (A), the
person shall file an additional report within 48
hours after each time the person makes or con-
tracts to make independent expenditures aggre-
gating an additional $10,000 with respect to
the same election as that to which the initial re-
port relates.
‘‘(3) PLACE OF FILING; CONTENTS.—A report
under this subsection—
‘‘(A) shall be filed with the Commission;
and
‘‘(B) shall contain the information required
by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii), including the name
of each candidate whom an expenditure is in-
tended to support or oppose.’’.
SEC. 205. INDEPENDENT VERSUS COORDINATED EXPENDI-
TURES BY PARTY.
Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
(2 U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and (3)’’ and
inserting ‘‘, (3), and (4)’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) INDEPENDENT VERSUS COORDINATED EXPEND-
ITURES BY PARTY.—
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—On or after the date on
which a political party nominates a candidate, a
committee of the political party shall not make both
expenditures under this subsection and independent
expenditures (as defined in section 301(17)) with re-
spect to the candidate during the election cycle.
‘‘(B) CERTIFICATION.—Before making a coordi-
nated expenditure under this subsection with respect
to a candidate, a committee of a political party shall
file with the Commission a certification, signed by
the treasurer of the committee, that the committee
has not and shall not make any independent expend-
iture with respect to the candidate during the same
election cycle.
‘‘(C) APPLICATION.—For the purposes of this
paragraph, all political committees established and
maintained by a national political party (including
all congressional campaign committees) and all polit-
ical committees established and maintained by a
State political party (including any subordinate com-
mittee of a State committee) shall be considered to
be a single political committee.
‘‘(D) TRANSFERS.—A committee of a political
party that submits a certification under subpara-
graph (B) with respect to a candidate shall not, dur-
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ing an election cycle, transfer any funds to, assign
authority to make coordinated expenditures under
this subsection to, or receive a transfer of funds
from, a committee of the political party that has
made or intends to make an independent expendi-
ture with respect to the candidate.’’.
SEC. 206. COORDINATION WITH CANDIDATES.
(a) DEFINITION
OF COORDINATION WITH CAN-
DIDATES.—
(1) SECTION
301(8).—Section 301(8) of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
431(8)) is amended—
(A) in subparagraph (A)—
(i) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of
clause (i);
(ii) by striking the period at the end
of clause (ii) and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and
(iii) by adding at the end the follow-
ing:
‘‘(iii) anything of value provided by a
person in coordination with a candidate for
the purpose of influencing a Federal elec-
tion, regardless of whether the value being
provided is a communication that is ex-
press advocacy, in which such candidate
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seeks nomination or election to Federal of-
fice.’’; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(C) The term ‘provided in coordination
with a candidate’ includes—
‘‘(i) a payment made by a person in
cooperation, consultation, or concert with,
at the request or suggestion of, or pursu-
ant to any general or particular under-
standing with a candidate, the candidate’s
authorized committee, or an agent acting
on behalf of a candidate or authorized
committee;
‘‘(ii) a payment made by a person for
the production, dissemination, distribution,
or republication, in whole or in part, of any
broadcast or any written, graphic, or other
form of campaign material prepared by a
candidate, a candidate’s authorized com-
mittee, or an agent of a candidate or au-
thorized committee (not including a com-
munication 
described 
in 
paragraph
(9)(B)(i) or a communication that ex-
pressly advocates the candidate’s defeat);
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‘‘(iii) a payment made by a person
based on information about a candidate’s
plans, projects, or needs provided to the
person making the payment by the can-
didate or the candidate’s agent who pro-
vides the information with the intent that
the payment be made;
‘‘(iv) a payment made by a person if,
in the same election cycle in which the pay-
ment is made, the person making the pay-
ment is serving or has served as a member,
employee, fundraiser, or agent of the can-
didate’s authorized committee in an execu-
tive or policymaking position;
‘‘(v) a payment made by a person if
the person making the payment has served
in any formal policy making or advisory
position with the candidate’s campaign or
has participated in formal strategic or for-
mal policymaking discussions with the can-
didate’s campaign relating to the can-
didate’s pursuit of nomination for election,
or election, to Federal office, in the same
election cycle as the election cycle in which
the payment is made: Provided, however,
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That such discussions shall not include a
lobbying contact under the Lobbying Dis-
closure Act of 1995 in the case of a can-
didate holding Federal office or consisting
of similar lobbying activity in the case of
a candidate holding State or elective office;
‘‘(vi) a payment made by a person if,
in the same election cycle, the person mak-
ing the payment retains the professional
services of any person that has provided or
is providing campaign-related services in
the same election cycle to a candidate in
connection with the candidate’s pursuit of
nomination for election, or election, to
Federal office, including services relating
to the candidate’s decision to seek Federal
office, and the person retained is retained
to work on activities relating to that can-
didate’s campaign;
‘‘(vii) a payment made by a person
who has engaged in a coordinated activity
with a candidate described in clauses (i)
through (vi) for a communication that
clearly refers to the candidate and is for
the purpose of influencing an election (re-
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gardless of whether the communication is
express advocacy);
‘‘(viii) direct participation by a person
in fundraising activities with the candidate
or in the solicitation or receipt of contribu-
tions on behalf of the candidate;
‘‘(ix) communication by a person with
the candidate or an agent of the candidate,
occurring after the declaration of can-
didacy (including a pollster, media consult-
ant, vendor, advisor, or staff member), act-
ing on behalf of the candidate, about ad-
vertising message, allocation of resources,
fundraising, or other campaign matters re-
lated to the candidate’s campaign, includ-
ing campaign operations, staffing, tactics,
or strategy; or
‘‘(x) the provision of in-kind profes-
sional services or polling data to the can-
didate or candidate’s agent.
‘‘(D) For purposes of subparagraph (C),
the term ‘professional services’ means polling,
media advice, fundraising, campaign research or
direct mail (except for mailhouse services solely
for the distribution of voter guides as defined in
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section 431(20)(B)) services in support of a
candidate’s pursuit of nomination for election,
or election, to Federal office.
‘‘(E) For purposes of subparagraph (C),
all political committees established and main-
tained by a national political party (including
all congressional campaign committees) and all
political committees established and maintained
by a State political party (including any subor-
dinate committee of a State committee) shall be
considered to be a single political committee.’’.
(2) SECTION 315(a)(7).—Section 315(a)(7) (2
U.S.C. 441a(a)(7)) is amended by striking subpara-
graph (B) and inserting the following:
‘‘(B) a thing of value provided in coordina-
tion with a candidate, as described in section
301(8)(A)(iii), shall be considered to be a con-
tribution to the candidate, and in the case of a
limitation on expenditures, shall be treated as
an expenditure by the candidate.
(b) MEANING OF CONTRIBUTION OR EXPENDITURE
FOR THE PURPOSES OF SECTION 316.—Section 316(b)(2)
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
441b(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘shall include’’ and in-
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serting ‘‘includes a contribution or expenditure, as those
terms are defined in section 301, and also includes’’.
TITLE III—DISCLOSURE
SEC. 301. FILING OF REPORTS USING COMPUTERS AND
FACSIMILE MACHINES.
Section 302(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)) is amended by striking para-
graph (11) and inserting the following:
‘‘(11)(A) The Commission shall promulgate a
regulation under which a person required to file a
designation, statement, or report under this Act—
‘‘(i) is required to maintain and file a des-
ignation, statement, or report for any calendar
year in electronic form accessible by computers
if the person has, or has reason to expect to
have, aggregate contributions or expenditures in
excess of a threshold amount determined by the
Commission; and
‘‘(ii) may maintain and file a designation,
statement, or report in electronic form or an al-
ternative form, including the use of a facsimile
machine, if not required to do so under the reg-
ulation promulgated under clause (i).
‘‘(B) The Commission shall make a designation,
statement, report, or notification that is filed elec-
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tronically with the Commission accessible to the pub-
lic on the Internet not later than 24 hours after the
designation, statement, report, or notification is re-
ceived by the Commission.
‘‘(C) In promulgating a regulation under this
paragraph, the Commission shall provide methods
(other than requiring a signature on the document
being filed) for verifying designations, statements,
and reports covered by the regulation. Any document
verified under any of the methods shall be treated
for all purposes (including penalties for perjury) in
the same manner as a document verified by signa-
ture.’’.
SEC. 302. PROHIBITION OF DEPOSIT OF CONTRIBUTIONS
WITH INCOMPLETE CONTRIBUTOR INFORMA-
TION.
Section 302 of Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 432) is amended by adding at the end
the following:
‘‘(j) DEPOSIT OF CONTRIBUTIONS.—The treasurer of
a candidate’s authorized committee shall not deposit, ex-
cept in an escrow account, or otherwise negotiate a con-
tribution from a person who makes an aggregate amount
of contributions in excess of $200 during a calendar year
unless the treasurer verifies that the information required
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by this section with respect to the contributor is com-
plete.’’.
SEC. 303. AUDITS.
(a) RANDOM AUDITS.—Section 311(b) of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 438(b)) is
amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—’’ before
‘‘The Commission’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(2) RANDOM AUDITS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding para-
graph (1), the Commission may conduct ran-
dom audits and investigations to ensure vol-
untary compliance with this Act. The selection
of any candidate for a random audit or inves-
tigation shall be based on criteria adopted by a
vote of at least four members of the Commis-
sion.
‘‘(B) LIMITATION.—The Commission shall
not conduct an audit or investigation of a can-
didate’s authorized committee under subpara-
graph (A) until the candidate is no longer a
candidate for the office sought by the candidate
in an election cycle.
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‘‘(C) 
APPLICABILITY.—This 
paragraph
does not apply to an authorized committee of a
candidate for President or Vice President sub-
ject to audit under section 9007 or 9038 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.’’.
(b) EXTENSION OF PERIOD DURING WHICH CAM-
PAIGN AUDITS MAY BE BEGUN.—Section 311(b) of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 438(b))
is amended by striking ‘‘6 months’’ and inserting ‘‘12
months’’.
SEC. 304. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTRIBU-
TIONS OF $50 OR MORE.
Section 304(b)(3)(A) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act at 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(b)(3)(A) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘$200’’ and inserting ‘‘$50’’;
and
(2) by striking the semicolon and inserting ‘‘,
except that in the case of a person who makes con-
tributions aggregating at least $50 but not more
than $200 during the calendar year, the identifica-
tion need include only the name and address of the
person;’’.
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SEC. 305. USE OF CANDIDATES’ NAMES.
Section 302(e) of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 432(e)) is amended by striking para-
graph (4) and inserting the following:
‘‘(4)(A) The name of each authorized commit-
tee shall include the name of the candidate who au-
thorized the committee under paragraph (1).
‘‘(B) A political committee that is not an au-
thorized committee shall not—
‘‘(i) include the name of any can-
didate in its name; or
‘‘(ii) except in the case of a national,
State, or local party committee, use the
name of any candidate in any activity on
behalf of the committee in such a context
as to suggest that the committee is an au-
thorized committee of the candidate or
that the use of the candidate’s name has
been authorized by the candidate.’’.
SEC. 306. PROHIBITION OF FALSE REPRESENTATION TO
SOLICIT CONTRIBUTIONS.
Section 322 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441h) is amended—
(1) by inserting after ‘‘SEC. 322.’’ the follow-
ing: ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
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‘‘(b) SOLICITATION OF CONTRIBUTIONS.—No person
shall solicit contributions by falsely representing himself
or herself as a candidate or as a representative of a can-
didate, a political committee, or a political party.’’.
SEC. 307. SOFT MONEY OF PERSONS OTHER THAN POLITI-
CAL PARTIES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 304 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) (as amended
by section 103(c) and section 203) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
‘‘(g) DISBURSEMENTS OF PERSONS OTHER THAN
POLITICAL PARTIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A person, other than a po-
litical committee or a person described in section
501(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, that
makes an aggregate amount of disbursements in ex-
cess of $50,000 during a calendar year for activities
described in paragraph (2) shall file a statement
with the Commission—
‘‘(A) on a monthly basis as described in
subsection (a)(4)(B); or
‘‘(B) in the case of disbursements that are
made within 20 days of an election, within 24
hours after the disbursements are made.
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‘‘(2) ACTIVITY.—The activity described in this
paragraph is—
‘‘(A) Federal election activity;
‘‘(B) an activity described in section
316(b)(2)(A) that expresses support for or op-
position to a candidate for Federal office or a
political party; and
‘‘(C) an activity described in subparagraph
(C) of section 316(b)(2).
‘‘(3) APPLICABILITY.—This subsection does not
apply to—
‘‘(A) a candidate or a candidate’s author-
ized committees; or
‘‘(B) an independent expenditure.
‘‘(4) CONTENTS.—A statement under this sec-
tion shall contain such information about the dis-
bursements made during the reporting period as the
Commission shall prescribe, including—
‘‘(A) the aggregate amount of disburse-
ments made;
‘‘(B) the name and address of the person
or entity to whom a disbursement is made in an
aggregate amount in excess of $200;
‘‘(C) the date made, amount, and purpose
of the disbursement; and
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‘‘(D) if applicable, whether the disburse-
ment was in support of, or in opposition to, a
candidate or a political party, and the name of
the candidate or the political party.’’.
(b) DEFINITION OF GENERIC CAMPAIGN ACTIVITY.—
Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) (as amended by section
201(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(21) GENERIC CAMPAIGN ACTIVITY.—The term ‘ge-
neric campaign activity’ means an activity that promotes
a political party and does not promote a candidate or non-
Federal candidate.’’.
SEC. 308. CAMPAIGN ADVERTISING.
Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph
(1)—
(i) by striking ‘‘Whenever’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘Whenever a political committee makes
a disbursement for the purpose of financ-
ing any communication through any broad-
casting station, newspaper, magazine, out-
door advertising facility, mailing, or any
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other type of general public political adver-
tising, or whenever’’;
(ii) by striking ‘‘an expenditure’’ and
inserting ‘‘a disbursement’’; and
(iii) by striking ‘‘direct’’; and
(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and
permanent street address’’ after ‘‘name’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(c) Any printed communication described in sub-
section (a) shall—
‘‘(1) be of sufficient type size to be clearly read-
able by the recipient of the communication;
‘‘(2) be contained in a printed box set apart
from the other contents of the communication; and
‘‘(3) be printed with a reasonable degree of
color contrast between the background and the
printed statement.
‘‘(d)(1) Any communication described in paragraphs
(1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is transmitted through
radio or television shall include, in addition to the require-
ments of that paragraph, an audio statement by the can-
didate that identifies the candidate and states that the
candidate has approved the communication.
‘‘(2) If a communication described in paragraph (1)
is transmitted through television, the communication shall
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include, in addition to the audio statement under para-
graph (1), a written statement that—
‘‘(A) appears at the end of the communication
in a clearly readable manner with a reasonable de-
gree of color contrast between the background and
the printed statement, for a period of at least 4 sec-
onds; and
‘‘(B) is accompanied by a clearly identifiable
photographic or similar image of the candidate.
‘‘(e) Any communication described in paragraph (3)
of subsection (a) which is transmitted through radio or
television shall include, in addition to the requirements of
that paragraph, in a clearly spoken manner, the following
statement: ‘llllllll is responsible for the con-
tent of this advertisement.’ (with the blank to be filled in
with the name of the political committee or other person
paying for the communication and the name of any con-
nected organization of the payor). If transmitted through
television, the statement shall also appear in a clearly
readable manner with a reasonable degree of color con-
trast between the background and the printed statement,
for a period of at least 4 seconds.’’.
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TITLE IV—PERSONAL WEALTH
OPTION
SEC. 401. VOLUNTARY PERSONAL FUNDS EXPENDITURE
LIMIT.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section 101,
is further amended by adding at the end the following new
section:
‘‘VOLUNTARY PERSONAL FUNDS EXPENDITURE LIMIT
‘‘SEC. 324. (a) ELIGIBLE CONGRESSIONAL CAN-
DIDATE.—
‘‘(1) PRIMARY ELECTION.—
‘‘(A) DECLARATION.—A candidate for elec-
tion for Senator or Representative in or Dele-
gate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress
is an eligible primary election Congressional
candidate if the candidate files with the Com-
mission a declaration that the candidate and
the candidate’s authorized committees will not
make expenditures in excess of the personal
funds expenditure limit.
‘‘(B) TIME
TO
FILE.—The declaration
under subparagraph (A) shall be filed not later
than the date on which the candidate files with
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the appropriate State officer as a candidate for
the primary election.
‘‘(2) GENERAL ELECTION.—
‘‘(A) DECLARATION.—A candidate for elec-
tion for Senator or Representative in or Dele-
gate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress
is an eligible general election Congressional can-
didate if the candidate files with the Commis-
sion—
‘‘(i) a declaration under penalty of
perjury, with supporting documentation as
required by the Commission, that the can-
didate and the candidate’s authorized com-
mittees did not exceed the personal funds
expenditure limit in connection with the
primary election; and
‘‘(ii) a declaration that the candidate
and the candidate’s authorized committees
will not make expenditures in excess of the
personal funds expenditure limit.
‘‘(B) TIME
TO
FILE.—The declaration
under subparagraph (A) shall be filed not later
than 7 days after the earlier of—
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‘‘(i) the date on which the candidate
qualifies for the general election ballot
under State law; or
‘‘(ii) if under State law, a primary or
run-off election to qualify for the general
election ballot occurs after September 1,
the date on which the candidate wins the
primary or runoff election.
‘‘(b) PERSONAL FUNDS EXPENDITURE LIMIT.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The aggregate amount of
expenditures that may be made in connection with
an election by an eligible Congressional candidate or
the candidate’s authorized committees from the
sources described in paragraph (2) shall not exceed
$50,000.
‘‘(2) SOURCES.—A source is described in this
paragraph if the source is—
‘‘(A) personal funds of the candidate and
members of the candidate’s immediate family;
or
‘‘(B) proceeds of indebtedness incurred by
the candidate or a member of the candidate’s
immediate family.
‘‘(c) CERTIFICATION BY THE COMMISSION.—
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‘‘(h) NONUNION MEMBER PAYMENTS TO LABOR OR-
GANIZATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be an unfair labor
practice for any labor organization which receives a
payment from an employee pursuant to an agree-
ment that requires employees who are not members
of the organization to make payments to such orga-
nization in lieu of organization dues or fees not to
establish and implement the objection procedure de-
scribed in paragraph (2).
‘‘(2) OBJECTION
PROCEDURE.—The objection
procedure required under paragraph (1) shall meet
the following requirements:
‘‘(A) The labor organization shall annually
provide to employees who are covered by such
agreement but are not members of the organi-
zation—
‘‘(i) reasonable personal notice of the
objection procedure, the employees eligible
to invoke the procedure, and the time,
place, and manner for filing an objection;
and
‘‘(ii) reasonable opportunity to file an
objection to paying for organization ex-
penditures supporting political activities
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unrelated to collective bargaining, includ-
ing but not limited to the opportunity to
file such objection by mail.
‘‘(B) If an employee who is not a member
of the labor organization files an objection
under the procedure in subparagraph (A), such
organization shall—
‘‘(i) reduce the payments in lieu of or-
ganization dues or fees by such employee
by an amount which reasonably reflects the
ratio that the organization’s expenditures
supporting political activities unrelated to
collective bargaining bears to such organi-
zation’s total expenditures; and
‘‘(ii) provide such employee with a
reasonable explanation of the organiza-
tion’s calculation of such reduction, includ-
ing calculating the amount of organization
expenditures supporting political activities
unrelated to collective bargaining.
‘‘(3) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term
‘expenditures supporting political activities unrelated
to collective bargaining’ means expenditures in con-
nection with a Federal, State, or local election or in
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connection with efforts to influence legislation unre-
lated to collective bargaining.’’.
SEC. 502. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN
PURPOSES.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by striking section
313 and inserting the following:
‘‘USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN
PURPOSES
‘‘SEC. 313. (a) PERMITTED USES.—A contribution
accepted by a candidate, and any other amount received
by an individual as support for activities of the individual
as a holder of Federal office, may be used by the candidate
or individual—
‘‘(1) for expenditures in connection with the
campaign for Federal office of the candidate or indi-
vidual;
‘‘(2) for ordinary and necessary expenses in-
curred in connection with duties of the individual as
a holder of Federal office;
‘‘(3) for contributions to an organization de-
scribed in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986; or
‘‘(4) for transfers to a national, State, or local
committee of a political party.
‘‘(b) PROHIBITED USE.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A contribution or amount
described in subsection (a) shall not be converted by
any person to personal use.
‘‘(2) CONVERSION.—For the purposes of para-
graph (1), a contribution or amount shall be consid-
ered to be converted to personal use if the contribu-
tion or amount is used to fulfill any commitment,
obligation, or expense of a person that would exist
irrespective of the candidate’s election campaign or
individual’s duties as a holder of Federal office-
holder, including—
‘‘(A) a home mortgage, rent, or utility pay-
ment;
‘‘(B) a clothing purchase;
‘‘(C) a noncampaign-related automobile ex-
pense;
‘‘(D) a country club membership;
‘‘(E) a vacation or other noncampaign-re-
lated trip;
‘‘(F) a household food item;
‘‘(G) a tuition payment;
‘‘(H) admission to a sporting event, con-
cert, theater, or other form of entertainment
not associated with an election campaign; and
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‘‘(I) dues, fees, and other payments to a
health club or recreational facility.’’.
SEC. 503. LIMIT ON CONGRESSIONAL USE OF THE FRANK-
ING PRIVILEGE.
Section 3210(a)(6) of title 39, United States Code,
is amended by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting
the following:
‘‘(A) A Member of Congress shall not mail
any mass mailing as franked mail during the
180-day period which ends on the date of the
general election for the office held by the Mem-
ber or during the 90-day period which ends on
the date of any primary election for that office,
unless the Member has made a public an-
nouncement that the Member will not be a can-
didate for reelection during that year or for
election to any other Federal office.’’.
SEC. 504. PROHIBITION OF FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL
PROPERTY.
Section 607 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the
following:
‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any
person to solicit or receive a donation of money or
other thing of value for a political committee or a
candidate for Federal, State or local office from a
person who is located in a room or building occupied
in the discharge of official duties by an officer or
employee of the United States. An individual who is
an officer or employee of the Federal Government,
including the President, Vice President, and Mem-
bers of Congress, shall not solicit a donation of
money or other thing of value for a political commit-
tee or candidate for Federal, State or local office,
while in any room or building occupied in the dis-
charge of official duties by an officer or employee of
the United States, from any person.
‘‘(2) PENALTY.—A person who violates this sec-
tion shall be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned
more than 3 years, or both.’’; and
(2) by inserting in subsection (b) after ‘‘Con-
gress’’ ‘‘or Executive Office of the President’’.
SEC. 505. PENALTIES FOR KNOWING AND WILLFUL VIOLA-
TIONS.
(a) INCREASED PENALTIES.—Section 309(a) of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
437g(a)) is amended—
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(1) in paragraphs (5)(A), (6)(A), and (6)(B),
by striking ‘‘$5,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$10,000’’; and
(2) in paragraphs (5)(B) and (6)(C), by strik-
ing ‘‘$10,000 or an amount equal to 200 percent’’
and inserting ‘‘$20,000 or an amount equal to 300
percent’’.
(b) EQUITABLE REMEDIES.—Section 309(a)(5)(A) of
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C.
437g(a)(5)) is amended by striking the period at the end
and inserting ‘‘, and may include equitable remedies or
penalties, including disgorgement of funds to the Treasury
or community service requirements (including require-
ments to participate in public education programs).’’.
(c) AUTOMATIC PENALTY FOR LATE FILING.—Sec-
tion 309(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended—
(1) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(13) PENALTY FOR LATE FILING.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—
‘‘(i) MONETARY
PENALTIES.—The Com-
mission shall establish a schedule of mandatory
monetary penalties that shall be imposed by the
Commission for failure to meet a time require-
ment for filing under section 304.
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‘‘(ii) REQUIRED
FILING.—In addition to
imposing a penalty, the Commission may re-
quire a report that has not been filed within the
time requirements of section 304 to be filed by
a specific date.
‘‘(iii) PROCEDURE.—A penalty or filing re-
quirement imposed under this paragraph shall
not be subject to paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4),
(5), or (12).
‘‘(B) FILING AN EXCEPTION.—
‘‘(i) TIME TO FILE.—A political committee
shall have 30 days after the imposition of a
penalty or filing requirement by the Commis-
sion under this paragraph in which to file an
exception with the Commission.
‘‘(ii) TIME FOR COMMISSION TO RULE.—
Within 30 days after receiving an exception, the
Commission shall make a determination that is
a final agency action subject to exclusive review
by the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit under section 706
of title 5, United States Code, upon petition
filed in that court by the political committee or
treasurer that is the subject of the agency ac-
tion, if the petition is filed within 30 days after
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the date of the Commission action for which re-
view is sought.’’;
(2) in paragraph (5)(D)—
(A) by inserting after the first sentence the
following: ‘‘In any case in which a penalty or
filing requirement imposed on a political com-
mittee or treasurer under paragraph (13) has
not been satisfied, the Commission may insti-
tute a civil action for enforcement under para-
graph (6)(A).’’; and
(B) by inserting before the period at the
end of the last sentence the following: ‘‘or has
failed to pay a penalty or meet a filing require-
ment imposed under paragraph (13)’’; and
(3) in paragraph (6)(A), by striking ‘‘paragraph
(4)(A)’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph (4)(A) or (13)’’.
SEC. 506. BAN ON CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS BY NONCITI-
ZENS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended
to read as follows:
‘‘CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS BY NONCITIZENS
‘‘SEC. 319. (a) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful
for—
‘‘(1) a noncitizen, directly or indirectly, to
make—
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‘‘(A) a donation of money or other thing of
value, or to promise expressly or impliedly to
make a donation, in connection with a Federal,
State, or local election to a political committee
or a candidate for Federal office; or
‘‘(B) a contribution or donation to a com-
mittee of a political party; or
‘‘(2) a person to solicit, accept, or receive a con-
tribution or donation described in paragraph (1)
from a noncitizen.
‘‘(b) TREATMENT OF NATIONALS OF THE UNITED
STATES.—For purposes of subsection (a), a ‘noncitizen’
of the United States does not include a national of the
United States (as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act).’’.
(b) PROHIBITING USE OF WILLFUL BLINDNESS AS
DEFENSE AGAINST CHARGE
OF VIOLATING FOREIGN
CONTRIBUTION BAN.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 319 of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is
amended—
(A) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-
section (c); and
(B) by inserting after subsection (a) the
following new subsection:
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‘‘(b) It shall not be a defense to a violation of sub-
section (a) that the defendant did not know that the con-
tribution originated from a foreign national if the defend-
ant should have known that the contribution originated
from a foreign national, except that the trier of fact may
not find that the defendant should have known that the
contribution originated from a foreign national solely be-
cause of the name of the contributor.’’.
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made
by this subsection shall apply with respect to viola-
tions occurring on or after the date of the enactment
of this Act.
SEC. 507. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101
and 401, is further amended by adding at the end the
following new section:
‘‘PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS
‘‘SEC. 325. An individual who is 17 years old or
younger shall not make a contribution to a candidate or
a contribution or donation to a committee of a political
party.’’.
SEC. 508. EXPEDITED PROCEDURES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 309(a) of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) (as
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amended by section 505(c)) is amended by adding at the
end the following:
‘‘(14)(A) If the complaint in a proceeding was filed
within 60 days preceding the date of a general election,
the Commission may take action described in this sub-
paragraph.
‘‘(B) If the Commission determines, on the basis of
facts alleged in the complaint and other facts available to
the Commission, that there is clear and convincing evi-
dence that a violation of this Act has occurred, is occur-
ring, or is about to occur, the Commission may order expe-
dited proceedings, shortening the time periods for proceed-
ings under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) as necessary
to allow the matter to be resolved in sufficient time before
the election to avoid harm or prejudice to the interests
of the parties.
‘‘(C) If the Commission determines, on the basis of
facts alleged in the complaint and other facts available to
the Commission, that the complaint is clearly without
merit, the Commission may—
‘‘(i) order expedited proceedings, shortening the
time periods for proceedings under paragraphs (1),
(2), (3), and (4) as necessary to allow the matter to
be resolved in sufficient time before the election to
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avoid harm or prejudice to the interests of the par-
ties; or
‘‘(ii) if the Commission determines that there is
insufficient time to conduct proceedings before the
election, summarily dismiss the complaint.’’.
(b) REFERRAL TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—Section
309(a)(5) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971
(2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(5)) is amended by striking subpara-
graph (C) and inserting the following:
‘‘(C) The Commission may at any time, by an affirm-
ative vote of at least 4 of its members, refer a possible
violation of this Act or chapter 95 or 96 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, to the Attorney General of the
United States, without regard to any limitation set forth
in this section.’’.
SEC. 509. INITIATION OF ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDING.
Section 309(a)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)(2)) is amended by striking
‘‘reason to believe that’’ and inserting ‘‘reason to inves-
tigate whether’’.
SEC. 510. PROTECTING EQUAL PARTICIPATION OF ELIGI-
BLE VOTERS IN CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101,
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401, and 507, is further amended by adding at the end
the following new section:
‘‘PROTECTING EQUAL PARTICIPATION OF ELIGIBLE
VOTERS IN CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS
‘‘SEC. 326. (a) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this Act
may be construed to prohibit any individual eligible to vote
in an election for Federal office from making contributions
or expenditures in support of a candidate for such an elec-
tion (including voluntary contributions or expenditures
made through a separate segregated fund established by
the individual’s employer or labor organization) or other-
wise participating in any campaign for such an election
in the same manner and to the same extent as any other
individual eligible to vote in an election for such office.
‘‘(b) NO EFFECT ON GEOGRAPHIC RESTRICTIONS ON
CONTRIBUTIONS.—Subsection (a) may not be construed
to affect any restriction under this title regarding the por-
tion of contributions accepted by a candidate from persons
residing in a particular geographic area.’’.
SEC. 511. PROHIBITING NONCITIZEN INDIVIDUALS FROM
MAKING CONTRIBUTIONS IN CONNECTION
WITH FEDERAL ELECTIONS.
(a) PROHIBITION APPLICABLE TO ALL INDIVIDUALS
WHO ARE NOT CITIZENS OR NATIONALS OF THE UNITED
STATES.—Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(b)(2)) is amended by
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striking ‘‘and who is not lawfully admitted’’ and all that
follows and inserting the following: ‘‘or a national of the
United States (as defined in section 101(a)(22) of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act).’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to contributions or
expenditures made on or after the date of the enactment
of this Act.
SEC. 512. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF PROHIBITION
AGAINST FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-
section (c); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the follow-
ing new subsection:
‘‘(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), notwith-
standing any other provision of this title any person who
violates subsection (a) shall be sentenced to a term of im-
prisonment which may not be more than 10 years, fined
in an amount not to exceed $1,000,000, or both.
‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to
any violation of subsection (a) arising from a contribution
or donation made by an individual who is lawfully admit-
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ted for permanent residence (as defined in section
101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act).’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply with respect to violations occurring
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 513. EXPEDITED COURT REVIEW OF CERTAIN AL-
LEGED VIOLATIONS OF FEDERAL ELECTION
CAMPAIGN ACT OF 1971.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 309 of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (e); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) the follow-
ing new subsection:
‘‘(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this sec-
tion, if a candidate (or the candidate’s authorized commit-
tee) believes that a violation described in paragraph (2)
has been committed with respect to an election during the
90-day period preceding the date of the election, the can-
didate or committee may institute a civil action on behalf
of the Commission for relief (including injunctive relief)
against the alleged violator in the same manner and under
the same terms and conditions as an action instituted by
the Commission under subsection (a)(6), except that the
court involved shall issue a decision regarding the action
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as soon as practicable after the action is instituted and
to the greatest extent possible issue the decision prior to
the date of the election involved.
‘‘(2) A violation described in this paragraph is a vio-
lation of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 relating to—
‘‘(A) whether a contribution is in excess of an
applicable limit or is otherwise prohibited under this
Act; or
‘‘(B) whether an expenditure is an independent
expenditure under section 301(17).’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring
after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 514. CONSPIRACY TO VIOLATE PRESIDENTIAL CAM-
PAIGN SPENDING LIMITS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 9003 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(g) PROHIBITING CONSPIRACY TO VIOLATE LIM-
ITS.—
‘‘(1) VIOLATION OF LIMITS DESCRIBED.—If a
candidate for election to the office of President or
Vice President who receives amounts from the Presi-
dential Election Campaign Fund under chapter 95
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or 96 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the
agent of such a candidate, seeks to avoid the spend-
ing limits applicable to the candidate under such
chapter or under the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 by soliciting, receiving, transferring, or di-
recting funds from any source other than such Fund
for the direct or indirect benefit of such candidate’s
campaign, such candidate or agent shall be fined not
more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned for a term of
not more than 3 years, or both.
‘‘(2) CONSPIRACY
TO
VIOLATE
LIMITS
DE-
FINED.—If two or more persons conspire to violate
paragraph (1), and one or more of such persons do
any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each
shall be fined not more than $1,000,000, or impris-
oned for a term of not more than 3 years, or both.’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by
this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 515. DEPOSIT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND DO-
NATIONS IN TREASURY ACCOUNT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended
by sections 101, 401, 507, and 510, is further amended
by adding at the end the following new section:
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‘‘TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBUTIONS AND
DONATIONS TO BE RETURNED TO DONORS
‘‘SEC. 327. (a) TRANSFER TO COMMISSION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Act, if a political committee intends
to return any contribution or donation given to the
political committee, the committee shall transfer the
contribution or donation to the Commission if—
‘‘(A) the contribution or donation is in an
amount equal to or greater than $500 (other
than a contribution or donation returned within
60 days of receipt by the committee); or
‘‘(B) the contribution or donation was
made in violation of section 315, 316, 317, 319,
320, or 325 (other than a contribution or dona-
tion returned within 30 days of receipt by the
committee).
‘‘(2) INFORMATION
INCLUDED
WITH
TRANS-
FERRED CONTRIBUTION OR DONATION.—A political
committee shall include with any contribution or do-
nation transferred under paragraph (1)—
‘‘(A) a request that the Commission return
the contribution or donation to the person mak-
ing the contribution or donation; and
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‘‘(B) 
information 
regarding 
the 
cir-
cumstances surrounding the making of the con-
tribution or donation and any opinion of the po-
litical committee concerning whether the con-
tribution or donation may have been made in
violation of this Act.
‘‘(3) ESTABLISHMENT OF ESCROW ACCOUNT.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall
establish a single interest-bearing escrow ac-
count for deposit of amounts transferred under
paragraph (1).
‘‘(B) 
DISPOSITION
OF
AMOUNTS
RE-
CEIVED.—On receiving an amount from a polit-
ical committee under paragraph (1), the Com-
mission shall—
‘‘(i) deposit the amount in the escrow
account established under subparagraph
(A); and
‘‘(ii) notify the Attorney General and
the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue
Service of the receipt of the amount from
the political committee.
‘‘(C) USE OF INTEREST.—Interest earned
on amounts in the escrow account established
under subparagraph (A) shall be applied or
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used for the same purposes as the donation or
contribution on which it is earned.
‘‘(4) TREATMENT
OF
RETURNED
CONTRIBU-
TION OR DONATION AS A COMPLAINT.—The transfer
of any contribution or donation to the Commission
under this section shall be treated as the filing of a
complaint under section 309(a).
‘‘(b) USE
OF AMOUNTS PLACED
IN ESCROW TO
COVER FINES AND PENALTIES.—The Commission or the
Attorney General may require any amount deposited in
the escrow account under subsection (a)(3) to be applied
toward the payment of any fine or penalty imposed under
this Act or title 18, United States Code, against the per-
son making the contribution or donation.
‘‘(c) RETURN
OF CONTRIBUTION
OR DONATION
AFTER DEPOSIT IN ESCROW.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall re-
turn a contribution or donation deposited in the es-
crow account under subsection (a)(3) to the person
making the contribution or donation if—
‘‘(A) within 180 days after the date the
contribution or donation is transferred, the
Commission has not made a determination
under section 309(a)(2) that the Commission
has reason to investigate whether that the mak-
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ing of the contribution or donation was made in
violation of this Act; or
‘‘(B)(i) the contribution or donation will
not be used to cover fines, penalties, or costs
pursuant to subsection (b); or
‘‘(ii) if the contribution or donation will be
used for those purposes, that the amounts re-
quired for those purposes have been withdrawn
from the escrow account and subtracted from
the returnable contribution or donation.
‘‘(2) NO EFFECT ON STATUS OF INVESTIGA-
TION.—The return of a contribution or donation by
the Commission under this subsection shall not be
construed as having an effect on the status of an in-
vestigation by the Commission or the Attorney Gen-
eral of the contribution or donation or the cir-
cumstances surrounding the contribution or dona-
tion, or on the ability of the Commission or the At-
torney General to take future actions with respect to
the contribution or donation.’’.
(b) AMOUNTS USED TO DETERMINE AMOUNT OF
PENALTY FOR VIOLATION.—Section 309(a) of such Act
(2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended by inserting after para-
graph (9) the following new paragraph:
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‘‘(10) For purposes of determining the amount of a
civil penalty imposed under this subsection for violations
of section 326, the amount of the donation involved shall
be treated as the amount of the contribution involved.’’.
(c) DONATION DEFINED.—Section 301 of such Act
(2 U.S.C. 431), as amended by sections 201(b) and
307(b), is further amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(22) DONATION.—The term ‘donation’ means a gift,
subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or any-
thing else of value made by any person to a national com-
mittee of a political party or a Senatorial or Congressional
Campaign Committee of a national political party for any
purpose, but does not include a contribution (as defined
in paragraph (8)).’’.
(d) DISGORGEMENT AUTHORITY.—Section 309 of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g) is amended by adding at the
end the following new subsection:
‘‘(e) Any conciliation agreement, civil action, or crimi-
nal action entered into or instituted under this section
may require a person to forfeit to the Treasury any con-
tribution, donation, or expenditure that is the subject of
the agreement or action for transfer to the Commission
for deposit in accordance with section 326.’’.
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(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall apply to contributions
or donations refunded on or after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, without regard to whether the Federal
Election Commission or Attorney General has issued regu-
lations to carry out section 326 of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by subsection (a)) by
such date.
SEC. 516. ESTABLISHMENT OF A CLEARINGHOUSE OF IN-
FORMATION ON POLITICAL ACTIVITIES WITH-
IN THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be established
within the Federal Election Commission a clearinghouse
of public information regarding the political activities of
foreign principals and agents of foreign principals. The in-
formation comprising this clearinghouse shall include only
the following:
(1) All registrations and reports filed pursuant
to the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C.
1601 et seq.) during the preceding 5-year period.
(2) All registrations and reports filed pursuant
to the Foreign Agents Registration Act, as amended
(22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.), during the preceding 5-year
period.
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(3) The listings of public hearings, hearing wit-
nesses, and witness affiliations printed in the Con-
gressional Record during the preceding 5-year pe-
riod.
(4) Public information disclosed pursuant to the
rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives
regarding honoraria, the receipt of gifts, travel, and
earned and unearned income.
(5) All reports filed pursuant to title I of the
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.)
during the preceding 5-year period.
(6) All public information filed with the Federal
Election Commission pursuant to the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.)
during the preceding 5-year period.
(b) DISCLOSURE OF OTHER INFORMATION PROHIB-
ITED.—The disclosure by the clearinghouse, or any officer
or employee thereof, of any information other than that
set forth in subsection (a) is prohibited, except as other-
wise provided by law.
(c) DIRECTOR OF CLEARINGHOUSE.—
(1) DUTIES.—The clearinghouse shall have a
Director, who shall administer and manage the re-
sponsibilities and all activities of the clearinghouse.
In carrying out such duties, the Director shall—
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(A) develop a filing, coding, and cross-in-
dexing system to carry out the purposes of this
section (which shall include an index of all per-
sons identified in the reports, registrations, and
other information comprising the clearing-
house);
(B) notwithstanding any other provision of
law, make copies of registrations, reports, and
other information comprising the clearinghouse
available for public inspection and copying, be-
ginning not later than 30 days after the infor-
mation is first available to the public, and per-
mit copying of any such registration, report, or
other information by hand or by copying ma-
chine or, at the request of any person, furnish
a copy of any such registration, report, or other
information upon payment of the cost of mak-
ing and furnishing such copy, except that no in-
formation contained in such registration or re-
port and no such other information shall be
sold or used by any person for the purpose of
soliciting contributions or for any profit-making
purpose; and
(C) not later than 150 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act and at any time
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thereafter, to prescribe, in consultation with the
Comptroller General, such rules, regulations,
and forms, in conformity with the provisions of
chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, as are
necessary to carry out the provisions of this
section in the most effective and efficient man-
ner.
(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Director shall be ap-
pointed by the Federal Election Commission.
(3) TERM
OF
SERVICE.—The Director shall
serve a single term of a period of time determined
by the Commission, but not to exceed 5 years.
(d) PENALTIES
FOR DISCLOSURE
OF INFORMA-
TION.—Any person who discloses information in violation
of subsection (b), and any person who sells or uses infor-
mation for the purpose of soliciting contributions or for
any profit-making purpose in violation of subsection
(c)(1)(B), shall be imprisoned for a period of not more
than 1 year, or fined in the amount provided in title 18,
United States Code, or both.
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be
necessary to conduct the activities of the clearinghouse.
(f) FOREIGN PRINCIPAL.—Foreign principal shall
have the same meaning given the term ‘‘foreign national’’
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in section 441e of title 2, United States Code, as that term
was defined on July 31, 1998.
SEC. 517. PERMITTING PERMANENT RESIDENT ALIENS
SERVING IN ARMED FORCES TO MAKE CON-
TRIBUTIONS.
Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended by adding at the end
the following new subsection:
‘‘(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title,
an individual who is lawfully admitted for permanent resi-
dence (as defined in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration
and Nationality Act) and who is a member of the Armed
Forces (including a reserve component of the Armed
Forces) shall not be subject to the prohibition under this
section.’’.
SEC. 518. ENFORCEMENT OF SPENDING LIMIT ON PRESI-
DENTIAL 
AND 
VICE 
PRESIDENTIAL 
CAN-
DIDATES WHO RECEIVE PUBLIC FINANCING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 9003 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(f) ILLEGAL SOLICITATION OF SOFT MONEY.—No
candidate for election to the office of President or Vice
President may receive amounts from the Presidential
Election Campaign Fund under this chapter or chapter
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96 unless the candidate certifies that the candidate shall
not solicit any funds for the purposes of influencing such
election, including any funds used for an independent ex-
penditure under the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971, unless the funds are subject to the limitations, pro-
hibitions, and reporting requirements of the Federal Elec-
tion Campaign Act of 1971.’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by
this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
TITLE VI—SEVERABILITY; CON-
STITUTIONALITY; EFFECTIVE
DATE; REGULATIONS
SEC. 601. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by
this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment
to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitu-
tional, the remainder of this Act and amendments made
by this Act, and the application of the provisions and
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be
affected by the holding.
SEC. 602. REVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES.
An appeal may be taken directly to the Supreme
Court of the United States from any final judgment, de-
cree, or order issued by any court ruling on the constitu-
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tionality of any provision of this Act or amendment made
by this Act.
SEC. 603. EFFECTIVE DATE.
Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act and
the amendments made by this Act take effect January 1,
1999.
SEC. 604. REGULATIONS.
The Federal Election Commission shall prescribe any
regulations required to carry out this Act and the amend-
ments made by this Act not later than 180 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act.
TITLE VII—INDEPENDENT COM-
MISSION ON CAMPAIGN FI-
NANCE REFORM
SEC. 701. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE OF COMMISSION.
There is established a commission to be known as the
‘‘Independent Commission on Campaign Finance Reform’’
(referred to in this title as the ‘‘Commission’’). The pur-
poses of the Commission are to study the laws relating
to the financing of political activity and to report and rec-
ommend legislation to reform those laws.
SEC. 702. MEMBERSHIP OF COMMISSION.
(a) COMPOSITION.—The Commission shall be com-
posed of 12 members appointed within 15 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act by the President from
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among individuals who are not incumbent Members of
Congress and who are specially qualified to serve on the
Commission by reason of education, training, or experi-
ence.
(b) APPOINTMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Members shall be appointed
as follows:
(A) Three members (one of whom shall be
a political independent) shall be appointed from
among a list of nominees submitted by the
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
(B) Three members (one of whom shall be
a political independent) shall be appointed from
among a list of nominees submitted by the ma-
jority leader of the Senate.
(C) Three members (one of whom shall be
a political independent) shall be appointed from
among a list of nominees submitted by the mi-
nority leader of the House of Representatives.
(D) Three members (one of whom shall be
a political independent) shall be appointed from
among a list of nominees submitted by the mi-
nority leader of the Senate.
(2) FAILURE TO SUBMIT LIST OF NOMINEES.—
If an official described in any of the subparagraphs
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of paragraph (1) fails to submit a list of nominees
to the President during the 15-day period which be-
gins on the date of the enactment of this Act—
(A) such subparagraph shall no longer
apply; and
(B) the President shall appoint three mem-
bers (one of whom shall be a political independ-
ent) who meet the requirements described in
subsection (a) and such other criteria as the
President may apply.
(3) POLITICAL
INDEPENDENT
DEFINED.—In
this subsection, the term ‘‘political independent’’
means an individual who at no time after January
1992—
(A) has held elective office as a member of
the Democratic or Republican party;
(B) has received any wages or salary from
the Democratic or Republican party or from a
Democratic or Republican party office-holder or
candidate; or
(C) has provided substantial volunteer
services or made any substantial contribution to
the Democratic or Republican party or to a
Democratic or Republican party office-holder or
candidate.
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(c) CHAIRMAN.—At the time of the appointment, the
President shall designate one member of the Commission
as Chairman of the Commission.
(d) TERMS.—The members of the Commission shall
serve for the life of the Commission.
(e) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the Commission shall
be filled in the manner in which the original appointment
was made.
(f) POLITICAL AFFILIATION.—Not more than four
members of the Commission may be of the same political
party.
SEC. 703. POWERS OF COMMISSION.
(a) HEARINGS.—The Commission may, for the pur-
pose of carrying out this title, hold hearings, sit and act
at times and places, take testimony, and receive evidence
as the Commission considers appropriate. In carrying out
the preceding sentence, the Commission shall ensure that
a substantial number of its meetings are open meetings,
with significant opportunities for testimony from members
of the general public.
(b) QUORUM.—Seven members of the Commission
shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold
hearings. The approval of at least nine members of the
Commission is required when approving all or a portion
of the recommended legislation. Any member of the Com-
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mission may, if authorized by the Commission, take any
action which the Commission is authorized to take under
this section.
SEC. 704. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.
(a) PAY AND TRAVEL EXPENSES OF MEMBERS.—(1)
Each member of the Commission shall be paid at a rate
equal to the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic
pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule under
section 5315 of title 5, United States Code, for each day
(including travel time) during which the member is en-
gaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the
Commission.
(2) Members of the Commission shall receive travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in ac-
cordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5, United
States Code.
(b) STAFF DIRECTOR.—The Commission shall, with-
out regard to section 5311(b) of title 5, United States
Code, appoint a staff director, who shall be paid at the
rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive
Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States
Code.
(c) STAFF OF COMMISSION; SERVICES.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—With the approval of the
Commission, the staff director of the Commission
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may appoint and fix the pay of additional personnel.
The Director may make such appointments without
regard to the provisions of title 5, United States
Code, governing appointments in the competitive
service, and any personnel so appointed may be paid
without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and
subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title relating to
classification and General Schedule pay rates, except
that an individual so appointed may not receive pay
in excess of the maximum annual rate of basic pay
payable for grade GS–15 of the General Schedule
under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code.
(2) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Com-
mission may procure by contract the temporary or
intermittent services of experts or consultants pursu-
ant to section 3109 of title 5, United States Code.
SEC. 705. REPORT AND RECOMMENDED LEGISLATION.
(a) REPORT.—Not later than the expiration of the
180-day period which begins on the date on which the sec-
ond session of the One Hundred Fifth Congress adjourns
sine die, the Commission shall submit to the President,
the Speaker and minority leader of the House of Rep-
resentatives, and the majority and minority leaders of the
Senate a report of the activities of the Commission.
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(1) Encouraging fair and open Federal elections
which provide voters with meaningful information
about candidates and issues.
(2) Eliminating the disproportionate influence
of special interest financing of Federal elections.
(3) Creating a more equitable electoral system
for challengers and incumbents.
SEC. 706. EXPEDITED CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION
OF LEGISLATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—If any legislation is introduced the
substance of which implements a recommendation of the
Commission submitted under section 705(b) (including a
joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitu-
tion), subject to subsection (b), the provisions of section
2908 (other than subsection (a)) of the Defense Base Clo-
sure and Realignment Act of 1990 shall apply to the con-
sideration of the legislation in the same manner as such
provisions apply to a joint resolution described in section
2908(a) of such Act.
(b) SPECIAL RULES.—For purposes of applying sub-
section (a) with respect to such provisions, the following
rules shall apply:
(1) Any reference to the Committee on Armed
Services of the House of Representatives shall be
deemed a reference to the Committee on House
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Oversight of the House of Representatives and any
reference to the Committee on Armed Services of the
Senate shall be deemed a reference to the Committee
on Rules and Administration of the Senate.
(2) Any reference to the date on which the
President transmits a report shall be deemed a ref-
erence to the date on which the recommendation in-
volved is submitted under section 705(b).
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (d)(2) of sec-
tion 2908 of such Act—
(A) debate on the legislation in the House
of Representatives, and on all debatable mo-
tions and appeals in connection with the legisla-
tion, shall be limited to not more than 10
hours, divided equally between those favoring
and those opposing the legislation;
(B) debate on the legislation in the Senate,
and on all debatable motions and appeals in
connection with the legislation, shall be limited
to not more than 10 hours, divided equally be-
tween those favoring and those opposing the
legislation; and
(C) debate in the Senate on any single de-
batable motion and appeal in connection with
the legislation shall be limited to not more than
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1 hour, divided equally between the mover and
the manager of the bill (except that in the event
the manager of the bill is in favor of any such
motion or appeal, the time in opposition thereto
shall be controlled by the minority leader or his
designee), and the majority and minority leader
may each allot additional time from time under
such leader’s control to any Senator during the
consideration of any debatable motion or ap-
peal.
SEC. 707. TERMINATION.
The Commission shall cease to exist 90 days after
the date of the submission of its report under section 705.
SEC. 708. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Com-
mission such sums as are necessary to carry out its duties
under this title.
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TITLE VIII—PROHIBITING USE
OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND
ACCOMMODATIONS FOR PO-
LITICAL FUNDRAISING
SEC. 801. PROHIBITING USE OF WHITE HOUSE MEALS AND
ACCOMMODATIONS FOR POLITICAL FUND-
RAISING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the follow-
ing new section:
‘‘§ 612. Prohibiting use of meals and accommodations
at White House for political fundraising
‘‘(a) It shall be unlawful for any person to provide
or offer to provide any meals or accommodations at the
White House in exchange for any money or other thing
of value, or as a reward for the provision of any money
or other thing of value, in support of any political party
or the campaign for electoral office of any candidate.
‘‘(b) Any person who violates this section shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned not more than three
years, or both.
‘‘(c) For purposes of this section, any official resi-
dence or retreat of the President (including private resi-
dential areas and the grounds of such a residence or re-
treat) shall be treated as part of the White House.’’.
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(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections
for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended
by adding at the end the following new item:
‘‘612. Prohibiting use of meals and accommodations at White House for political
fundraising.’’.
TITLE IX—SENSE OF THE CON-
GRESS 
REGARDING 
FUND-
RAISING ON FEDERAL GOV-
ERNMENT PROPERTY
SEC. 901. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING APPLICA-
BILITY OF CONTROLLING LEGAL AUTHORITY
TO FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL GOVERN-
MENT PROPERTY.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:
(1) On March 2, 1997, the Washington Post re-
ported that Vice President Gore ‘‘played the central
role in soliciting millions of dollars in campaign
money for the Democratic Party during the 1996
election’’ and that he was known as the administra-
tion’s ‘‘solicitor-in-chief’’.
(2) The next day, Vice President Gore held a
nationally televised press conference in which he ad-
mitted making numerous calls from the White
House in which he solicited campaign contributions.
(3) The Vice President said that there was ‘‘no
controlling legal authority’’ regarding the use of
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TITLE X—PROHIBITING SOLICI-
TATION TO OBTAIN ACCESS
TO CERTAIN FEDERAL GOV-
ERNMENT PROPERTY
SEC. 1001. PROHIBITION AGAINST ACCEPTANCE OR SOLICI-
TATION TO OBTAIN ACCESS TO CERTAIN FED-
ERAL GOVERNMENT PROPERTY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 11 of title 18, United
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the follow-
ing new section:
‘‘§ 226. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain access to
certain Federal Government property
‘‘Whoever solicits or receives anything of value in con-
sideration of providing a person with access to Air Force
One, Marine One, Air Force Two, Marine Two, the White
House, or the Vice President’s residence, shall be fined
under this title, or imprisoned not more than one year,
or both.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections
for chapter 11 of title 18, United States Code, is amended
by adding at the end the following new item:
‘‘226. Acceptance or solicitation to obtain access to certain Federal Government
property.’’.
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TITLE 
XI—REIMBURSEMENT
FOR USE OF AIR FORCE ONE
FOR 
POLITICAL 
FUNDRAIS-
ING
SEC. 1101. REQUIRING NATIONAL PARTIES TO REIMBURSE
AT COST FOR USE OF AIR FORCE ONE FOR
POLITICAL FUNDRAISING.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101,
401, 507, 510, and 515, is further amended by adding
at the end the following new section:
‘‘REIMBURSEMENT BY POLITICAL PARTIES FOR USE OF
AIR FORCE ONE FOR POLITICAL FUNDRAISING
‘‘SEC. 328. (a) IN GENERAL.—If the President, Vice
President, or the head of any executive department (as
defined in section 101 of title 5, United States Code) uses
Air Force One for transportation for any travel which in-
cludes a fundraising event for the benefit of any political
committee of a national political party, such political com-
mittee shall reimburse the Federal Government for the ac-
tual costs incurred as a result of the use of Air Force
One for the transportation of the individual involved.
‘‘(b) AIR FORCE ONE DEFINED.—In subsection (a),
the term ‘Air Force One’ means the airplane operated by
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the Air Force which has been specially configured to carry
out the mission of transporting the President.’’.
TITLE XII—PROHIBITING USE OF
WALKING AROUND MONEY
SEC. 1201. PROHIBITING CAMPAIGNS FROM PROVIDING
CURRENCY TO INDIVIDUALS FOR PURPOSES
OF ENCOURAGING TURNOUT ON DATE OF
ELECTION.
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of
1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by sections 101,
401, 507, 510, 515, and 1101, is further amended by add-
ing at the end the following new section:
‘‘PROHIBITING USE OF CURRENCY TO PROMOTE
ELECTION DAY TURNOUT
‘‘SEC. 329. It shall be unlawful for any political com-
mittee to provide currency to any person for purposes of
carrying out activities on the date of an election to encour-
age or assist individuals to appear at the polling place for
the election.’’.
TITLE 
XIII—ENHANCING 
EN-
FORCEMENT 
OF 
CAMPAIGN
LAW
SEC. 1301. ENHANCING ENFORCEMENT OF CAMPAIGN
FINANCE LAW.
(a) MANDATORY
IMPRISONMENT
FOR
CRIMINAL
CONDUCT.—Section 309(d)(1)(A) of the Federal Election
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Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)(1)(A)) is
amended—
(1) in the first sentence, by striking ‘‘shall be
fined, or imprisoned for not more than one year, or
both’’ and inserting ‘‘shall be imprisoned for not
fewer than 1 year and not more than 10 years’’; and
(2) by striking the second sentence.
(b) CONCURRENT AUTHORITY OF ATTORNEY GEN-
ERAL TO BRING CRIMINAL ACTIONS.—Section 309(d) of
such Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)) is amended by adding at the
end the following new paragraph:
‘‘(4) In addition to the authority to bring cases re-
ferred pursuant to subsection (a)(5), the Attorney General
may at any time bring a criminal action for a violation
of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply with respect to actions brought
with respect to elections occurring after January 1999.
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TITLE 
XIV—BAN 
ON 
COORDI-
NATED SOFT MONEY ACTIVI-
TIES BY PRESIDENTIAL CAN-
DIDATES
SEC. 1401. BAN ON COORDINATION OF SOFT MONEY FOR
ISSUE ADVOCACY BY PRESIDENTIAL CAN-
DIDATES RECEIVING PUBLIC FINANCING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 9003 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 9003) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(f) BAN ON COORDINATION OF SOFT MONEY FOR
ISSUE ADVOCACY.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—No candidate for election
to the office of President or Vice President who is
certified to receive amounts from the Presidential
Election Campaign Fund under this chapter or
chapter 96 may coordinate the expenditure of any
funds for issue advocacy with any political party un-
less the funds are subject to the limitations, prohibi-
tions, and reporting requirements of the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971.
‘‘(2) ISSUE ADVOCACY DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘issue advocacy’ means any activity
carried out for the purpose of influencing the consid-
eration or outcome of any Federal legislation or the
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issuance or outcome of any Federal regulations, or
educating individuals about candidates for election
for Federal office or any Federal legislation, law, or
regulations (without regard to whether the activity is
carried out for the purpose of influencing any elec-
tion for Federal office).’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by
this section shall apply with respect to elections occurring
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
TITLE XV—POSTING NAMES OF
CERTAIN 
AIR 
FORCE 
ONE
PASSENGERS ON INTERNET
SEC. 1501. REQUIREMENT THAT NAMES OF PASSENGERS
ON AIR FORCE ONE AND AIR FORCE TWO BE
MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE INTERNET.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall make avail-
able through the Internet the name of any non-Govern-
ment person who is a passenger on an aircraft designated
as Air Force One or Air Force Two not later than 30 days
after the date that the person is a passenger on such air-
craft.
(b) EXCEPTION.—Subsection (a) shall not apply in
a case in which the President determines that compliance
with such subsection would be contrary to the national se-
curity interests of the United States. In any such case,
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not later than 30 days after the date that the person
whose name will not be made available through the Inter-
net was a passenger on the aircraft, the President shall
submit to the chairman and ranking member of the Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of
Representatives and of the Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the Senate—
(1) the name of the person; and
(2) the justification for not making such name
available through the Internet.
(c) DEFINITION OF PERSON.—As used in this Act,
the term ‘‘non-Government person’’ means a person who
is not an officer or employee of the United States, a mem-
ber of the Armed Forces, or a Member of Congress.
TITLE 
XVI—EXPULSION 
PRO-
CEEDINGS FOR HOUSE MEM-
BERS 
RECEIVING 
FOREIGN
CONTRIBUTIONS
SEC. 1601. PERMITTING CONSIDERATION OF PRIVILEGED
MOTION TO EXPEL HOUSE MEMBER ACCEPT-
ING ILLEGAL FOREIGN CONTRIBUTION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—If a Member of the House of Rep-
resentatives is convicted of a violation of section 319 of
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (or any suc-
cessor provision prohibiting the solicitation, receipt, or ac-
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ceptance of a contribution from a foreign national), the
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, shall imme-
diately consider the conduct of the Member and shall make
a report and recommendations to the House forthwith
concerning that Member which may include a rec-
ommendation for expulsion.
Passed the House of Representatives August 6,
1998.
Attest:
ROBIN H. CARLE,
Clerk.