I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1954 
To amend the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 to protect civil 
rights and otherwise prevent meaningful harm to third parties, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 6, 2025 
Mr. SCOTT of Virginia (for himself, Mr. RASKIN, Mr. COHEN, Ms. SCANLON, 
Mr. PETERS, Mr. CONNOLLY, Ms. TOKUDA, Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI, Ms. 
SA´NCHEZ, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. POCAN, Ms. STRICK-
LAND, Ms. TITUS, Ms. WILLIAMS of Georgia, Mrs. CHERFILUS-MCCOR-
MICK, Mr. DELUZIO, Ms. FRIEDMAN, Mr. MFUME, Mr. HUFFMAN, Ms. 
JACOBS, Mr. NEAL, Ms. CHU, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. MOULTON, Ms. GARCIA 
of Texas, Ms. PINGREE, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. QUIGLEY, Mrs. 
TORRES of California, Mr. FOSTER, Mr. TAKANO, Ms. DELBENE, Mr. 
HOYER, Mrs. DINGELL, Ms. OMAR, Ms. DELAURO, Mr. MRVAN, Ms. 
BONAMICI, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Mr. COSTA, Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. CARSON, Mr. 
MOSKOWITZ, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Ms. WATERS, Mr. MAGAZINER, Mr. 
FIELDS, Mr. CARBAJAL, Mr. GARCIA of California, Ms. KELLY of Illinois, 
Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, Ms. DEAN of Pennsylvania, Mr. TONKO, 
Mr. PANETTA, Ms. ANSARI, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. EVANS of Pennsyl-
vania, Mr. THANEDAR, Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. STANTON, Mr. 
KHANNA, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Ms. BROWNLEY, Ms. STANSBURY, Mr. DOG-
GETT, Mr. COURTNEY, Ms. DEGETTE, Mr. VEASEY, Ms. MCCLELLAN, 
Ms. MATSUI, Mr. TORRES
of New York, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Ms. 
WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mr. NADLER, Mr. MCGARVEY, and Mr. AMO) in-
troduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the 
Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 
to protect civil rights and otherwise prevent meaningful 
harm to third parties, and for other purposes. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:12 Mar 21, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6652
E:\BILLS\H1954.IH
H1954
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Do No Harm Act’’. 
SEC. 2. EXCEPTION FROM APPLICATION OF ACT WHERE 
FEDERAL LAW PREVENTS HARM TO OTHERS. 
Section 3 of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act 
of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb–1) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(d) ADDITIONAL EXCEPTION FROM APPLICATION 
OF ACT WHERE FEDERAL LAW PREVENTS HARM TO 
OTHERS.—Subsections (a), (b), and (c) do not apply to— 
‘‘(1) any provision of law or its implementation 
that provides for or requires— 
‘‘(A) a protection against discrimination or 
the promotion of equal opportunity, including 
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000a 
et seq.), the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), the Family 
and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 
2601 et seq.), and the Violence Against Women 
Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13925 et seq.); 
‘‘(B) an employer to provide a wage, other 
compensation, or a benefit, including leave, or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:12 Mar 21, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1954.IH
H1954
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
a standard protecting collective activity in the 
workplace; 
‘‘(C) a protection against child labor, child 
abuse, or child exploitation; or 
‘‘(D) access to, information about, a refer-
ral for, provision of, or coverage for, any health 
care item or service; 
‘‘(2) any term of a government contract, grant, 
cooperative agreement, or other award, that provides 
funds directly or indirectly, and that requires a 
good, service, function, or activity to be performed 
for or provided to a beneficiary of or a participant 
in a program or activity funded, directly or indi-
rectly, by a government contract, grant, cooperative 
agreement, or other award; or 
‘‘(3) the extent that application would result in 
denying a person the full and equal enjoyment of a 
good, service, benefit, facility, privilege, advantage, 
or accommodation provided by the government.’’. 
SEC. 3. CLARIFICATION OF PRECLUSION OF LITIGATION 
BETWEEN PRIVATE PARTIES. 
(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the amendment made 
by subsection (b) is to clarify the applicability of the Reli-
gious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 
2000bb et seq.). 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:12 Mar 21, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H1954.IH
H1954
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB