I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4942 
To direct the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of 
Quantum Information Science to submit reports on mitigating the cyber-
security and national security risks posed by certain quantum computers, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
AUGUST 8, 2025 
Mr. SUBRAMANYAM (for himself, Mr. MCGUIRE, Ms. STEVENS, and Mr. HAR-
RIGAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To direct the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security 
Implications of Quantum Information Science to submit 
reports on mitigating the cybersecurity and national se-
curity risks posed by certain quantum computers, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Quantum Encryption 
Readiness and Resilience Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. REPORTS ON MITIGATING THE CYBERSECURITY 
AND NATIONAL SECURITY RISKS POSED BY 
CERTAIN QUANTUM COMPUTERS. 
(a) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee 
on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum 
Information Science established under section 105 of the 
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814a) shall 
carry out the following: 
(1) Conduct an assessment of each of the fol-
lowing: 
(A) The capabilities and progress of the 
United States, relative to other countries, with 
respect to the following: 
(i) Developing a cryptographically-rel-
evant quantum computer. 
(ii) Adopting security and prepared-
ness measures, including post-quantum 
cryptography, to mitigate the cybersecurity 
and national security risks posed by such 
computer. 
(B) The progress of private sector entities 
and public sector entities in the United States 
toward adopting such measures, including the 
progress toward implementing the guidance 
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under section 4 of the Quantum Computing Cy-
bersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526). 
(2) Identify the sectors of the economy most 
vulnerable to such risks. 
(3) Based upon such assessments and such 
identification, develop a plan to mitigate such risks, 
including by carrying out the following: 
(A) 
Facilitating 
collaboration 
between 
agencies and departments of the Federal Gov-
ernment. 
(B) Facilitating the exchange of informa-
tion between such private sector entities and 
public sector entities. 
(C) Forming partnerships between the 
Federal Government and such private sector en-
tities. 
(D) Identifying such measures that such 
private sector entities and public sector entities 
may adopt. 
(E) Supporting such exchange and the 
adoption of such measures, including by identi-
fying actions, including piloting projects, pro-
viding technical assistance, and publishing 
cyber hygiene guidance for such private sector 
entities, that such agencies and departments 
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may carry out to support such exchange and 
adoption. 
(4) Develop guidelines for determining whether 
a quantum computer is a cryptographically-relevant 
quantum computer. 
(5) Submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report in classified or unclassified form, 
as appropriate, that includes information relating to 
the following: 
(A) The assessments conducted under 
paragraph (1). 
(B) The sectors identified under paragraph 
(2). 
(C) The plan developed under paragraph 
(3). 
(D) The guidelines developed under para-
graph (4). 
(E) Recommendations for the following: 
(i) A timetable to implement such 
plan. 
(ii) Policies to implement such plan 
that require legislation. 
(iii) Policies to implement such plan 
that do not require legislation. 
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(b) SUBSEQUENT REPORTS.—Not later than one 
year after the report under subsection (a) is submitted and 
annually thereafter for four years, the Subcommittee re-
ferred to in such subsection shall submit to Congress a 
report in classified or unclassified form, as appropriate, 
that includes information relating to the progress of pri-
vate sector entities and public sector entities in the United 
States toward adopting the measures described in such 
subsection. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 
8801). 
(2) CLASSICAL
COMPUTER; 
POST-QUANTUM 
CRYPTOGRAPHY; QUANTUM COMPUTER.—The terms 
‘‘classical computer’’, ‘‘post-quantum cryptography’’, 
and ‘‘quantum computer’’ have the meanings given 
such terms in section 3 of the Quantum Computing 
Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 
note). 
(3) CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY-RELEVANT QUANTUM 
COMPUTER.—The term ‘‘cryptographically-relevant 
quantum computer’’ means a quantum computer 
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with the ability to compromise a cryptographic sys-
tem that a classical computer is unable to com-
promise. 
Æ 
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