(B) aggregate shifts that might affect 
baseline numbers are controlled for by the eval-
uation; and 
(C) regardless of any other factors, all pos-
sible safeguards are undertaken to avoid statis-
tical creaming, in which the impact of a pro-
gram is over measured as recruited participants 
become more highly skilled prior to participa-
tion over time. 
(2) PROCEDURE.—In issuing the guidance and 
performance benchmarks defined above, the Board 
shall release and circulate draft guidance, regula-
tions, and performance benchmarks, which shall be 
circulated to the Commission, and shall not be 
adopted unless approved by a majority vote of the 
Commission at a public meeting, and the Commis-
sion shall receive proposed draft guidance or per-
formance benchmarks not less than 30 days prior to 
voting to approve it. The Board shall use the draft 
guidance, regulations, and performance benchmarks, 
once approved by the Commission, to review grant 
applications under this Act and make recommenda-
tions to the Secretary with respect to the awarding 
of such grants, as described in subsection (b). 
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SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. 
For purposes of this Act: 
(1) ELIGIBLE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PRO-
GRAM.—The term ‘‘eligible workforce development 
program’’ means a program operated by a nonprofit 
organization that provides skills training and edu-
cation to existing and potential workers with the ob-
jective of increasing the wage level and chance of 
employment of those workers. 
(2) ELIGIBLE
POST-SECONDARY
EDUCATION 
PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘eligible post-secondary edu-
cation program’’ means a program operated by a 
nonprofit organization, an institution of higher edu-
cation (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965), or a postsecondary vocational 
institution (as defined in section 102(c) of such Act) 
that provides education and support services to post- 
secondary students with the objective of increasing 
the rate at which these individuals graduate or ob-
tain a post-secondary credential from the post-sec-
ondary program in which they are enrolled. 
(3) RANDOMIZED
CONTROL
EXPERIMENTAL 
STUDY.—The term ‘‘randomized control experi-
mental study’’ means a study conducted by an inde-
pendent organization utilizing a randomized control 
trial methodology that compares the earnings, or 
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graduation and degree completion rates, of partici-
pant group and control group members, and meas-
ures the causal impact of an eligible workforce devel-
opment program, or eligible post-secondary edu-
cation program, on participants’ earnings, or grad-
uation and degree completion rates, at least two 
years after participants enroll in the program. 
(4) QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY.—The term 
‘‘quasi-experimental study’’ means a study con-
ducted by an independent organization that uses a 
non-randomized methodology and model to measure 
the causal impact of an eligible workforce develop-
ment program, or eligible post-secondary education 
program, on participants’ earnings, or graduation 
and degree completion rates, at least two years after 
participants enroll in the program. 
(5) CORRELATIONAL STUDY.—The term ‘‘cor-
relational study’’ means a study conducted by an 
independent organization using a non-randomized 
methodology with statistical controls for selection 
bias that has found a correlational impact of an eli-
gible workforce development program, or eligible 
post-secondary education program, on participants’ 
earnings, or graduation and degree completion rates, 
and has demonstrated a rationale based on high- 
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quality research findings that the program is likely 
to improve those participant outcomes at least two 
years after participants enroll in the program but 
has not yet demonstrated a causal relationship. 
(6) 
WELL-DESIGNED
AND
WELL-IMPLE-
MENTED.—The term ‘‘well-designed and well-imple-
mented’’, as applied to a study, means a study that 
is replicable, uses programmatic and control groups 
that are representative of the type of population 
served by the program, uses controls for aggregate 
shifts that might affect baseline numbers, does not 
have problems with attrition from the program, and 
takes measures to avoid statistical creaming. 
(7) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of the Treasury. 
SEC. 6. FUNDING. 
There is appropriated to carry out this Act, out of 
any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
$700,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, to remain available for 
9 fiscal years. 
Æ 
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