573 
(2) LIMITATION ON THE USE OF FUNDS.—Begin-
ning on the date of the enactment of this section, no 
funds may be requested to be reprogrammed pursuant 
to such subsection (f), as amended by paragraph (1), 
until the date that is 30 days after the date on which 
the President submits to the congressional defense 
committees a plan that includes the following: 
(A) A description of the efforts the United 
States will undertake to train and build appro-
priately vetted Syrian opposition forces. 
(B) An assessment of the nature of the forces 
receiving such assistance, including the origins 
and affiliations of such forces and any previous 
history of collaboration with the Syrian Demo-
cratic Forces. 
(C) An assessment of the current oper-
ational effectiveness of such forces. 
(D) The conditions to be met for a deter-
mination that ISIS has been adequately neutral-
ized. 
(E) A description of the roles and contribu-
tions of partner countries to such assistance, if 
any. 
(F) The concept of operations, timelines, 
and types of training, equipment, stipends, 
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sustainment, and supplies to be provided by the 
United States, including measures for end-use 
accountability with respect to resources, equip-
ment, and supplies after the resources, equip-
ment, and supplies are provided to such forces. 
(G) A description of the force posture and 
roles of the United States Armed Forces involved 
in providing such assistance. 
(3) FORM.—The plan described in paragraph (2) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
SEC. 1223. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
TO SUPPORT OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 
OF THE OFFICE OF SECURITY COOPERATION 
IN IRAQ. 
(a) EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY.—Subsection (f)(1) of 
section 1215 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2012 (Public Law 112–81; 125 Stat. 1631; 10 
U.S.C. 113 note), as most recently amended by section 1224 
of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1654), is further 
amended by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘fis-
cal year 2019’’. 
(b) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT.—Subsection (c) of such 
section is amended— 
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(1) by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2018’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2019’’ ; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘$42,000,000’’ and inserting 
‘‘$45,000,000’’. 
(c) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—Subsection (d) of such section 
is amended by striking ‘‘fiscal year 2018’’ and inserting 
‘‘fiscal year 2019’’. 
SEC. 1224. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON BALLISTIC MISSILE CO-
OPERATION TO COUNTER IRAN. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) At the 2014 Strategic Cooperation Forum in 
New York of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the For-
eign Ministers of member countries agreed in a Joint 
Communique to ‘‘[e]nhance GCC-US security coordi-
nation, particularly on Ballistic Missile Defense, by 
continuing to move forward on development of a Gulf- 
Wide, interoperable missile defense architecture.’’. 
(2) At the 2015 Strategic Cooperation Forum in 
New York, the Foreign Ministers issued a Joint Com-
munique 
that 
‘‘reaffirmed 
commitment 
to. . .establishing a GCC interoperable ballistic mis-
sile defense architecture’’. 
(3) The White House Office of the Press Sec-
retary released a statement on May 14, 2015, that at 
the 2015 United States—GCC Summit at Camp 
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David, ‘‘leaders discussed a new U.S.-GCC strategic 
partnership to enhance their work to improve security 
cooperation on. . . ballistic missile defense’’. 
(4) The White House Office of the Press Sec-
retary subsequently released a statement on April 21, 
2016, that at the 2016 United States—GCC Summit 
at Riyadh, ‘‘leaders affirmed need to remain vigilant 
about addressing Iran’s destabilizing actions in the 
region, including its ballistic missile program’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) member countries of the Gulf Cooperation 
Council should take meaningful steps to develop and 
implement an interoperable ballistic missile defense 
architecture to defend against Iran’s ballistic missile 
threat that emphasizes information sharing and in-
cludes early warning and tracking data, to enhance 
the security of citizens, protect critical infrastructure, 
and deter Iran; and 
(2) the United States should continue bilateral 
and multilateral missile defense exercises in the re-
gion and, when practicable, increase the capacity of 
United States partners through foreign military sales. 
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SEC. 1225. STRATEGY TO COUNTER DESTABILIZING ACTIVI-
TIES OF IRAN. 
(a) STRATEGY AUTHORIZED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, 
with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is au-
thorized to develop and implement a strategy with 
foreign partners to counter the destabilizing activities 
of Iran. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The strategy described in para-
graph (1)— 
(A) should establish a cooperative frame-
work that includes— 
(i) investing in intelligence, surveil-
lance, and reconnaissance platforms; 
(ii) investing in mine countermeasures 
resources and platforms; 
(iii) investing in integrated air and 
missile defense platforms and technologies; 
(iv) sharing intelligence and data with 
United States and such foreign countries; 
(v) investing in cyber security and 
cyber defense capabilities; 
(vi) engaging in combined planning; 
and 
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(vii) engaging in defense education, in-
stitution building, doctrinal development, 
and reform; and 
(B) should provide for designation of a ci-
vilian or military officer or employee of the De-
partment of Defense and designation of a senior 
employee of the Department of State to imple-
ment the cooperative framework described in sub-
paragraph (A). 
(b) MULTILATERAL COORDINATION.—To enhance co-
operation and encourage military-to-military engagement 
between the United States and foreign partners described 
in subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 
of State should take appropriate actions to ensure that ex-
changes between senior military officers and senior civilian 
defense officials of the governments of such foreign part-
ners— 
(1) are at a level appropriate to enhance engage-
ment between the militaries of such partners for 
threat analysis, military doctrine, force planning, 
mutual security interests, logistical support, and in-
telligence cooperation; 
(2) enhance security cooperation, including mar-
itime security, special operations collaboration, cyber 
cooperation, and integrated air and missile defense 
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and domain awareness, in the Middle East and 
Southwest Asia regions; and 
(3) accelerate the development of combined mili-
tary planning for missions to counter Iran that may 
arise within the contours of shared national security 
interests. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 
through December 31, 2021, the Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Secretary of State, should submit to 
the congressional defense committees and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on For-
eign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on— 
(1) the strategy described in subsection (a), in-
cluding a description of contributions of foreign part-
ners to the strategy; and 
(2) the actions taken under subsection (b). 
SEC. 1226. REPORT ON COMPLIANCE OF IRAN UNDER THE 
CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION. 
(a) FINDING.—In the annual report submitted to Con-
gress in March 2018, consistent with condition (10)(C) of 
the Resolution of Advice and Consent to Ratification of the 
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Produc-
tion, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on 
their Destruction (‘‘Chemical Weapons Convention’’), en-
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tered into force on April 29, 1997, the Secretary of State 
concluded that ‘‘(b)ased on available information, the 
United States cannot certify Iran has met its obligations 
under the Convention for declaration of: (1) its chemical 
weapons production facility (CWPF); (2) transfer of chem-
ical weapons (CW); and (3) retention of an undeclared CW 
stockpile’’. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than February 1, 
2019, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
report assessing the extent to which Iran is complying with 
its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention 
that includes the following: 
(1) A description, assessment, and verification, 
to the extent practicable, of any credible information 
that Iran has assisted the Government of Syria in 
committing actions that violate such treaty. 
(2) A description of any dual-use technologies 
that could advance Iran’s capability to produce chem-
ical weapons for offensive use. 
(3) The implications of any activities or tech-
nologies described pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) 
for Iran’s compliance with other international obliga-
tions relating to nonproliferation. 
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(4) Any other matters the Secretaries determines 
to be relevant. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under subsection (b) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a 
classified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means the Committee on Armed Services and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1227. REPORT ON POTENTIAL RELEASE OF CHEMICAL 
WEAPONS OR CHEMICAL WEAPONS PRECUR-
SORS FROM BARZEH RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT CENTER AND HIM SHINSHAR CHEM-
ICAL WEAPONS STORAGE AND BUNKER FA-
CILITIES IN HOMS PROVINCE OF SYRIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees a re-
port that contains a review and analysis of the potential 
for release of chemical weapons or chemical weapons pre-
cursors from the Barzeh Research and Development Center 
and the Him Shinshar chemical weapons storage and bunk-
er facilities in Homs province of Syria that were targets 
of strikes by the United States and partner forces on April 
13, 2018. 
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(b) REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO REVIEW AND ANAL-
YSIS.—The review and analysis described in subsection (a) 
shall include the following: 
(1) The methodology the Secretary of Defense 
used prior to such strikes to determine the likelihood 
of a release of chemical weapons or chemical weapons 
precursors affecting local residents. 
(2) The methodology the Secretary of Defense 
used prior to such strikes to determine the potential 
for chemical agents to enter into the aquifer, air, soil, 
or other aspects of the environment. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under this section 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1228. REPORT ON COOPERATION BETWEEN IRAN AND 
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter for 5 years, the President shall transmit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report on coopera-
tion between Iran and the Russian Federation and the ex-
tent to which such cooperation affects United States na-
tional security and strategic interests, particularly with re-
spect to Syria. 
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(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report required 
by subsection (a) shall include the following: — 
(1) A detailed description of Iranian-Russian co-
operation on matters relating to Syria, including the 
following: 
(A) Mutual defense assistance to the Assad 
regime. 
(B) Establishment of forward operating 
bases in Syria. 
(C) Deployment of air defense systems. 
(D) Assistance to Assad’s chemical weapons 
program, including research, development, and 
deployment of such weapons. 
(2) A detailed description of Iranian-Russian co-
operation on matters relating to Iran’s space pro-
gram, including how and to what extent such co-
operation strengthens Iran’s ballistic missile program. 
(3) A description and analysis of the intel-
ligence-sharing center established by Iran, Russia, 
and Syria in Baghdad, Iraq, and whether such center 
is being used for purposes other than the purposes of 
the joint mission of such countries in Syria. 
(4) A description and analysis of— 
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(A) naval cooperation between Iran and 
Russia, including joint naval exercises between 
the two countries; and 
(B) the long-term consequences of— 
(i) a robust Russian naval presence in 
the Eastern Mediterranean; 
(ii) an Iranian naval presence in the 
Persian Gulf; and 
(iii) Iranian and Russian naval 
strength in the Caspian Sea. 
(5) A description of nuclear cooperation between 
Iran and Russia, both with respect to the Joint Com-
prehensive Plan of Action and outside of the param-
eters of such nuclear agreement with Iran. 
(6) The likelihood that Iran might adopt the 
Russian model of hybrid warfare. 
(7) The extent of Russian cooperation with 
Hezbollah in Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq, including co-
operation with respect to training, equipping, and 
joint operations. 
(c) FORM.—Each report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex. 
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(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
Subtitle D—Matters Relating to the 
Russian Federation 
SEC. 1231. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RE-
LATING TO SOVEREIGNTY OF THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION OVER CRIMEA. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available for 
fiscal year 2019 for the Department of Defense may be obli-
gated or expended to implement any activity that recognizes 
the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over Crimea. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense, with the con-
currence of the Secretary of State, may waive the restriction 
on the obligation or expenditure of funds required by sub-
section (a) if the Secretary— 
(1) determines that to do so is in the national 
security interest of the United States; and 
(2) submits a notification of the waiver, at the 
time the waiver is invoked, to the Committee on 
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Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate and the Committee on Armed 
Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1232. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RELAT-
ING TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPEN 
SKIES TREATY. 
(a) PROHIBITION ON ACTIVITIES TO MODIFY UNITED 
STATES AIRCRAFT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds authorized 
to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made 
available for fiscal year 2019 for research, develop-
ment, test, and evaluation, Air Force, for arms con-
trol implementation (PE 0305145F), Aircraft Pro-
curement, Air Force (line item C135B0/C-135B), or 
procurement, Air Force, for digital visual imaging 
system (BA-05, Line Item #1900) may be obligated 
or expended to carry out any activities to modify any 
United States aircraft for purposes of implementing 
the Open Skies Treaty until the President submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees the certifi-
cation described in paragraph (2). 
(2) CERTIFICATION.— 
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(A) IN
GENERAL.—The certification de-
scribed in this paragraph is a certification of the 
President that— 
(i) the President has imposed treaty 
violations responses and legal counter-
measures on the Russian Federation for its 
violations of the Open Skies Treaty; and 
(ii) the President has fully informed 
the appropriate congressional committees of 
such responses and countermeasures. 
(B) DELEGATION.—The President may dele-
gate the responsibility for making a certification 
under subparagraph (A) to the Secretary of the 
State. 
(3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 
congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives. 
(b) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS TO VOTE OR AP-
PROVE CERTAIN IMPLEMENTING DECISIONS OF THE OPEN 
SKIES CONSULTATIVE COMMISSION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds authorized 
to be appropriated or otherwise made available by 
this Act or any other Act for fiscal year 2019 may 
be used to vote to approve or otherwise adopt any im-
plementing decision of the Open Skies Consultative 
Commission pursuant to Article X of the Open Skies 
Treaty to authorize approval of requests by state par-
ties to the Treaty to certify infra-red or synthetic ap-
erture radar sensors pursuant to Article IV of the 
Treaty unless and until the following requirements 
are met: 
(A) The Secretary of Defense, jointly with 
the relevant United States Government officials, 
submits to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees the following: 
(i) A certification that the imple-
menting decision would not be detrimental 
or otherwise harmful to the national secu-
rity of the United States. 
(ii) A report on the Open Skies Treaty 
that includes the following: 
(I) The annual costs to the United 
States associated with countermeasures 
to mitigate potential abuses of observa-
tion flights by the Russian Federation 
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carried out under the Treaty over Eu-
ropean and United States territories 
involving infra-red or synthetic aper-
ture radar sensors. 
(II) A plan, and its estimated 
comparative cost, to replace the Treaty 
architecture with an increased sharing 
of overhead commercial imagery, con-
sistent with United States national se-
curity, with covered state parties, ex-
cluding the Russian Federation. 
(III) An evaluation by the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence of matters 
concerning how an observation flight 
described in clause (i) could implicate 
intelligence activities of the Russian 
Federation in the United States and 
United States counterintelligence ac-
tivities and vulnerabilities. 
(IV) An assessment of how such 
information is used by the Russian 
Federation, for what purpose, and how 
the information fits into the Russian 
Federation’s overall collection posture. 
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(B) Not later than 90 days before the date 
on which the United States votes to approve or 
otherwise adopt any such implementing decision, 
the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a certification that— 
(i) the Russian Federation— 
(I) is in complete compliance with 
is obligations under the Open Skies 
Treaty; 
(II) is not exceeding the imagery 
limits set forth in the Treaty; and 
(III) 
is 
allowing 
observation 
flights by covered state parties over all 
of Moscow, Chechnya, Kaliningrad, 
and within 10 kilometers of its border 
with Georgia’s occupied territories of 
Abkhazia and South Ossetia without 
restriction and without inconsistency 
to requirements under the Treaty; 
(ii) covered state parties have been no-
tified and briefed on concerns of the intel-
ligence community (as defined in section 3 
of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
U.S.C. 3003)) regarding infra-red or syn-
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thetic aperture radar sensors used under the 
Open Skies Treaty; and 
(iii) the Russian Federation has agreed 
to— 
(I) extradite the 13 Russian citi-
zens indicted on February 16, 2018, by 
the Department of Justice for under-
taking unlawful activities against the 
United States; 
(II) remove illegally stationed 
Russian troops and materiel from 
Ukraine’s autonomous Republic of Cri-
mea and the city of Sevastopol; 
(III) cease all material financial 
support for Russian proxies in Eastern 
Ukraine; and 
(IV) cease all military or finan-
cial support to any state that uses or 
has used against its own civilian pop-
ulation any agent or substance banned 
by the Chemical Weapons Convention. 
(2) WAIVER.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President may 
waive the application of paragraph (1) if the 
President determines that— 
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(i) the waiver is in the national secu-
rity of the United States; and 
(ii) the Russian Federation has taken 
clear and verifiable action to return to full 
and complete compliance with the Open 
Skies Treaty. 
(B) LIMITATION ON DELEGATION.—The au-
thority of the President under subparagraph (A) 
to waive the application of paragraph (1) may 
not be delegated. 
(3) OPERATION OF OC-135 AIRCRAFT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(i) the United States continues to con-
duct observation flights under the Open 
Skies Treaty using OC-135 aircraft, a fleet 
now in its 57th year of service; and 
(ii) advances in commercial surveil-
lance technology have surpassed the value of 
aerial observation under the terms of the 
Open Skies Treaty and brings into ques-
tions the continued use of the OC-135 fleet 
for this purpose. 
(B) REPORT.— 
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(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than Jan-
uary 31, 2019, the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report on the state of 
United States OC-135 aircraft with respect 
to airworthiness, safety of flight, and main-
tenance reliability. The report shall also in-
clude a recommendation as to the prospec-
tive date of retirement of the OC-135 fleet. 
(ii) DEFINITION.—In this subpara-
graph, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means— 
(I) the congressional defense com-
mittees; and 
(II) the Committee on Foreign Re-
lations of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives. 
(C) SUSPENSION OF OPERATION OF OC-135 
AIRCRAFT.—The Secretary of Defense is author-
ized to cease operation of United States OC-135 
aircraft under the Open Skies Treaty if contin-
ued operation of these aircraft would impose 
undue risk to personnel or excessive cost. 
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(c) FORM.—Each certification and report required 
under this section shall be submitted in unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex if necessary. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—Except as otherwise provided, in 
this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
(2) 
CHEMICAL
WEAPONS
CONVENTION.—The 
term ‘‘Chemical Weapons Convention’’ means the 
Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, 
Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weap-
ons and on Their Destruction, entered into force on 
April 29, 1997. 
(3) COVERED STATE PARTY.—The term ‘‘covered 
state party’’ means a foreign country that— 
(A) is a state party to the Open Skies Trea-
ty; and 
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(B) is a United States ally. 
(4) INFRA-RED OR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR 
SENSOR.—The term ‘‘infra-red or synthetic aperture 
radar sensor’’ means a sensor that is classified as— 
(A) an infra-red line-scanning device under 
category C of paragraph 1 of Article IV of the 
Open Skies Treaty; or 
(B) a sideways-looking synthetic aperture 
radar under category D of paragraph 1 of Arti-
cle IV of the Open Skies Treaty. 
(5) OBSERVATION FLIGHT.—The term ‘‘observa-
tion flight’’ has the meaning given such term in Arti-
cle II of the Open Skies Treaty. 
(6) OPEN
SKIES
TREATY; TREATY.—The term 
‘‘Open Skies Treaty’’ or ‘‘Treaty’’ means the Treaty 
on Open Skies, done at Helsinki March 24, 1992, and 
entered into force January 1, 2002. 
(7) RELEVANT UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OF-
FICIALS.—The term ‘‘relevant United States Govern-
ment officials’’ means the following: 
(A) The Secretary of Energy. 
(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security. 
(C) The Director of the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation. 
(D) The Director of National Intelligence. 
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(E) The Commander of U.S. Strategic Com-
mand and the Commander of U.S. Northern 
Command in the case of an observation flight 
over the territory of the United States. 
(F) The Commander of U.S. European 
Command in the case of an observation flight 
other than an observation flight described in sub-
paragraph (E). 
(8) SENSOR.—The term ‘‘sensor’’ has the mean-
ing given such term in Article II of the Open Skies 
Treaty. 
SEC. 1233. COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE TO THE RUSSIAN 
FEDERATION’S MATERIAL BREACH OF THE 
INF TREATY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) James Mattis, Secretary of Defense, testified 
before the House Armed Services Committee on March 
22, 2018, that ‘‘we have very modest expectations that 
they [Russia] would return to [INF] compliance. As 
a result, in the Nuclear Posture Review, we are look-
ing for a way, at the lowest possible cost, to checkmate 
them and make it in their best interest to return to 
compliance.’’. 
(2) The Honorable Daniel Coats, Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, testified before the Senate Armed 
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Services Committee on March 6, 2018, that the Rus-
sian Federation is violating the INF Treaty because 
‘‘Moscow probably believes that the new GLCM pro-
vides sufficient advantages that make it worth the 
risk of violating the INF Treaty.’’. 
(3) General Hyten, Commander of the United 
States Strategic Command, also testified before the 
Senate Armed Services Committee on March 20, 
2018, about potential strategic advantages for China 
stemming from their lack of participation in the INF 
Treaty by saying that ‘‘they do not have any limita-
tions in the INF [Treaty], and they have built sig-
nificant numbers of intermediate-range ballistic mis-
siles that if they were in the INF [Treaty], they 
would be contrary to the treaty’’. 
(4) General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the 
Joint Chiefs of Staff, testified before the House Armed 
Services Committee on April 12, 2018, that ‘‘we’re 
not only looking for operational concepts and ways to 
deal with the Russian violation, but we’re also at 
least posturing ourselves to develop weapons should 
they be required’’. Secretary of Defense Mattis also 
stated in that same hearing ‘‘our effort will be 
matched at State Department by movement on arms 
control and nonproliferation. There are two thrusts to 
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our nuclear strategy. . .and that’s why those funds 
have been requested.’’. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States as follows: 
(1) The actions undertaken by the Russian Fed-
eration in violation of the INF Treaty, including the 
flight-test, production, and possession of prohibited 
systems, have defeated the object and purpose of the 
INF Treaty, and thus constitute a material breach of 
the INF Treaty. 
(2) In light of the Russian Federation’s material 
breach of the INF Treaty, the United States is legally 
entitled to suspend the operation of the INF Treaty 
in whole or in part for so long as the Russian Federa-
tion continues to be in material breach of the INF 
Treaty. 
(3) For so long as the Russian Federation re-
mains in noncompliance with the INF Treaty, the 
United States should take actions to encourage the 
Russian Federation to return to compliance with the 
INF Treaty, including by— 
(A) providing additional funds for the ca-
pabilities identified in section 1243(d) of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1062) and 
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the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 
Preservation Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–91; 
131 Stat. 1671); and 
(B) seeking additional missile defense assets 
in the European theater needed to fill military 
capability gaps to protect United States and 
NATO forces from ground-launched missile sys-
tems of the Russian Federation that are in non-
compliance with the INF Treaty. 
(c) IMPOSITION OF ARMS CONTROL SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An amount equal to not less 
than 25 percent of the amount authorized to be ap-
propriated or otherwise made available to the Depart-
ment of Defense for fiscal year 2019 to provide sup-
port services to the Executive Office of the President, 
other than support services that are required for sen-
ior leader communications services, shall be withheld 
from obligation or expenditure until the date on 
which the President has submitted to the appropriate 
congressional committees the certification described in 
paragraph (2). 
(2) CERTIFICATION
DESCRIBED.—The certifi-
cation described in this paragraph is a certification 
of the President that— 
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(A) each requirement of section 1290 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2555; 
22 U.S.C. 2593e) has been fully implemented 
and is continuing to be fully implemented; 
(B) the President has notified the appro-
priate congressional committees under such sec-
tion 1290 of the imposition of measures described 
in subsection (c) of such section with respect to 
each person identified in a report under sub-
section (a) of such section, including a detailed 
description of the imposition of all such meas-
ures; and 
(C) the President has submitted the report 
required by section 1244(c) of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 
(Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1674) (relating 
to report on plan to impose additional sanctions 
with respect to the Russian Federation). 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee 
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on Armed Services, and the Committee on Ap-
propriations of the Senate; and 
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on In-
telligence, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Armed Services, and the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(2) INF TREATY.—The term ‘‘INF Treaty’’ 
means the Treaty between the United States of Amer-
ica and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 
the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and 
Shorter-Range Missiles, signed at Washington Decem-
ber 8, 1987, and entered into force June 1, 1988. 
(3) NEW
START
TREATY.—The term ‘‘New 
START Treaty’’ means the Treaty between the 
United States of America and the Russian Federation 
on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limita-
tion of Strategic Offensive Arms, signed at Prague 
April 8, 2010, and entered into force February 5, 
2011. 
(4) OPEN
SKIES
TREATY.—The term ‘‘Open 
Skies Treaty’’ means the Treaty on Open Skies, done 
at Helsinki March 24, 1992, and entered into force 
January 1, 2002. 
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SEC. 1234. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF UKRAINE SE-
CURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE. 
Section 1250 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 
1068), as most recently amended by section 1234 of the Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Pub-
lic Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1659), is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘50 per-
cent of the funds available for fiscal year 2018 
pursuant to subsection (f)(3)’’ and inserting ‘‘50 
percent of the funds available for fiscal year 
2019 pursuant to subsection (f)(4)’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘fiscal 
year 2018’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2019’’; 
and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(5) LETHAL ASSISTANCE.—Of the funds avail-
able for fiscal year 2019 pursuant to subsection (f)(4), 
$50,000,000 shall be available only for lethal assist-
ance described in paragraphs (2) and (3) of sub-
section (b).’’; 
(2) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2019, $250,000,000.’’; and 
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(3) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘December 31, 
2020’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2021’’. 
SEC. 1235. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON UNITED STATES MILI-
TARY INVESTMENT IN EUROPE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Both the 2017 National Security Strategy 
and the 2018 National Defense Strategy highlight the 
Russian Federation as a long-term strategic compet-
itor to the United States. 
(2) The Russian Federation uses a whole-of-soci-
ety approach to influence and attempt to shape the 
information space, weaken American resolve and con-
fidence in its democracy, and undermine the power 
and international standing of the United States. 
(3) Through the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113-291), the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2016 (Public Law 114-92), the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 
114-328), and the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115-91), Congress 
has 
authorized, 
in 
total, 
approximately 
$9,800,000,000 for the European Reassurance Initia-
tive, now the European Deterrence Initiative, to reas-
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604 
sure partners and allies and build a credible deterrent 
and defense against the Russian Federation. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to develop, implement, and sustain a credible 
deterrent against aggression and long-term strategic com-
petition by the Government of the Russian Federation in 
order to enhance regional and global security and stability, 
including by the following: 
(1) Increased United States presence in Europe 
through additional permanently stationed forces, in-
cluding logistics enablers and a combat aviation bri-
gade. 
(2) Continued United States presence in Europe 
through rotational forces. 
(3) Increased United States pre-positioned mili-
tary 
equipment, 
including 
munitions, 
logistics 
enablers, and a division headquarters. 
(4) Sufficient and necessary infrastructure addi-
tions and improvements throughout Europe. 
(5) Increased investment and prioritization to 
counter indirect action (such as information oper-
ations intended to influence), including sufficient 
cyber, counter-propaganda, and intelligence resources. 
(6) Sufficient security cooperation resources and 
opportunities with partners and allies, including with 
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member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga-
nization. 
SEC. 1236. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN 
PERSONS 
PROVIDING 
SOPHISTI-
CATED GOODS, SERVICES, OR TECHNOLOGIES 
FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DE-
FENSE EQUIPMENT OR ADVANCED CONVEN-
TIONAL WEAPONS. 
(a) REPORT ON SANCTIONED PERSONS RELATING TO 
RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S NOTED VIOLATION OF THE INF 
TREATY.— 
(1) REPORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Presi-
dent shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that contains a list of 
persons described in section 1290(a)(1) of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2017 related to the Russian Federation’s 
noted violation of the INF Treaty, as noted in 
the 2016 Report on Adherence to and Compli-
ance With Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and 
Disarmament Agreements and Commitments. 
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(B) FORM.—The report required by sub-
paragraph (A) shall be provided in unclassified 
form, but may contain a classified annex. 
(C) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT-
TEES
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 1290(h) of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Year 2017. 
(2) INF TREATY DEFINED.—In this subsection, 
the term ‘‘INF Treaty’’ means the Treaty Between the 
United States of America and the Union of Soviet So-
cialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Inter-
mediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, com-
monly referred to as the ‘‘Intermediate- Range Nu-
clear Forces (INF) Treaty’’, signed at Washington 
December 8, 1987, and entered into force June 1, 
1988. 
(b) REPORT ON SUPPLY CHAINS FOR RUSSIAN ARMS 
SALES PROGRAMS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees a report that contains the following: 
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(A) An analysis of the foreign and domestic 
supply chains in the Russian Federation that di-
rectly or indirectly significantly facilitates, sup-
ports, or otherwise aids the Government of the 
Russian Federation’s development, export, sale, 
or transfer of major defense equipment or ad-
vanced conventional weapons. 
(B) A description of the geographic dis-
tribution of the foreign and domestic supply 
chains described in subparagraph (A), including 
sources of sophisticated goods, services, or tech-
nologies used for or by Russia for the develop-
ment, export, sale, or transfer of such equipment 
or weapons. 
(C) An assessment of the ability of the Rus-
sian Government to domestically manufacture or 
otherwise produce the goods, services, or tech-
nology necessary to support the development, ex-
port, sale, or transfer of such equipment or 
weapons. 
(2) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may contain a classified annex. 
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(3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 
congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the House of Representatives. 
(c) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS PROVIDING SOPHISTICATED GOODS, 
SERVICES, OR TECHNOLOGIES FOR USE IN THE PRODUC-
TION OF MAJOR DEFENSE EQUIPMENT OR ADVANCED CON-
VENTIONAL WEAPONS.— 
(1) IDENTIFICATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of the submission of the report 
under subsection (b), and annually thereafter for 
5 years, the President shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report that 
identifies each foreign person and each agency or 
instrumentality of a foreign state that the Presi-
dent determines is a foreign person or an agency 
or instrumentality of a foreign state described in 
subparagraph (B). 
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(B) FOREIGN PERSON OR AGENCY OR IN-
STRUMENTALITY
OF
A
FOREIGN
STATE
DE-
SCRIBED.—A foreign person or an agency or in-
strumentality of a foreign state described in this 
subparagraph is a foreign person or an agency 
or instrumentality of a foreign state that— 
(i) knowingly sells, leases, or otherwise 
provides significant sophisticated goods, 
services, or technology, to any entities 
owned or controlled by the Government of 
the Russian Federation, or 
(ii) engages in a significant trans-
action or transactions to sell, lease, or other-
wise provide such sophisticated goods, serv-
ices, or technologies, to entities beneficially 
owned by the Russian Federation, 
if such activity under clause (i) or transaction 
under clause (ii) materially contributes to the 
ability of Russia to develop or produce major de-
fense equipment or advanced conventional weap-
ons. 
(C) FORM.—The report required under sub-
paragraph (A) shall be submitted in unclassified 
form, but may contain a classified annex. 
(D) EXCEPTION.— 
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(i) IN GENERAL.—The President shall 
not be required to identify a foreign person 
or an agency or instrumentality of a for-
eign state in a report pursuant to subpara-
graph (A) if— 
(I) the foreign person or the agen-
cy or instrumentality of a foreign state 
notifies the United States Government 
in advance that it proposes to engage 
in an activity under subparagraph 
(B)(i) or a transaction under subpara-
graph (B)(ii); and 
(II) the President determines and 
notifies the appropriate congressional 
committees in classified form prior to 
the foreign person or agency or instru-
mentality of a foreign state engaging 
in the activity under subparagraph 
(B)(i) or transaction under subpara-
graph (B)(ii) that such activity or 
transaction is in the national interests 
of the United States. 
(ii) NON-APPLICABILITY.—The excep-
tion under clause (i) shall not apply with 
respect to— 
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(I) an agency or instrumentality 
of a foreign state the government of 
which the Secretary of State deter-
mines has repeatedly provided support 
for acts of international terrorism pur-
suant to section 6(j) of the Export Ad-
ministration Act of 1979 (as continued 
in effect pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act), sec-
tion 40 of the Arms Export Control 
Act, section 620A of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961, or any other relevant 
provision of law; or 
(II) any activity under subpara-
graph (B)(i) or transaction under sub-
paragraph (B)(ii) that involves, di-
rectly or indirectly, a foreign state de-
scribed in subclause (I). 
(2) SANCTIONS IMPOSED.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (C), not later than 180 days after 
the date of the submission of the report under 
subsection (b), and annually thereafter for 8 
years, the President shall impose one or more of 
the sanctions described in subparagraph (B) 
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with respect to any foreign person or agency or 
instrumentality of a foreign state identified pur-
suant to paragraph (1). 
(B) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions 
described in this subparagraph are the following: 
(i) No sales of any defense articles, de-
fense services, or design and construction 
services under the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) may be made to the 
foreign person or agency or instrumentality 
of the foreign state. 
(ii) No licenses for export of any item 
on the United States Munitions List that 
include the foreign person or agency or in-
strumentality of the foreign state as a party 
to the license may be granted. 
(iii) No exports may be permitted to 
the foreign person or agency or instrumen-
tality of the foreign state of any goods or 
technologies controlled for national security 
reasons under the Export Administration 
Regulations, except that such prohibition 
shall not apply to any transaction subject 
to the reporting requirements of title V of 
the National Security Act of 1947 (50 
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613 
U.S.C. 413 et seq.; relating to congressional 
oversight of intelligence activities). 
(iv)(I) The President may exercise of 
all powers granted to the President by the 
International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except that the 
requirements of section 202 of such Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply) to the extent 
necessary to block and prohibit all trans-
actions in all property and interests in 
property of a foreign person or agency or 
instrumentality of the foreign state if such 
property and interests in property are in 
the United States, come within the United 
States, or are or come within the possession 
or control of a United States person. 
(II)(aa) The authority to impose sanc-
tions under subclause (I) shall not include 
the authority to impose sanctions relating 
to the importation of goods. 
(bb) In item (aa), the term ‘‘good’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 16 
of the Export Administration Act of 1979 
(50 U.S.C. App. 2415) (as continued in ef-
fect pursuant to the International Emer-
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614 
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1701 et seq.)). 
(cc) The penalties provided for in sub-
sections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a per-
son that violates, attempts to violate, con-
spires to violate, or causes a violation of 
regulations promulgated under this section 
to carry out subclause (I) to the same extent 
that such penalties apply to a person that 
commits an unlawful act described in sec-
tion 206(a) of that Act. 
(dd) Except as provided in subpara-
graph (I), the President may exercise all 
authorities provided to the President under 
sections 203 and 205 of the International 
Emergency 
Economic 
Powers 
Act 
(50 
U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of car-
rying out subclause (I). 
(C) EXCEPTIONS.—The President shall not 
be required to apply sanctions with respect to a 
foreign person or an agency or instrumentality 
of a foreign state identified pursuant to para-
graph (1)— 
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(i)(I) if the President certifies to the 
appropriate congressional committees that 
the foreign person or agency or instrumen-
tality of the foreign state— 
(aa) is no longer carrying out ac-
tivities or transactions for which the 
sanctions were imposed pursuant to 
this paragraph; or 
(bb) has taken and is continuing 
to take significant verifiable steps to-
ward terminating the activities or 
transactions for which the sanctions 
were imposed pursuant to this para-
graph; and 
(II) the President has received reliable 
assurances from the foreign person or the 
agency or instrumentality of the foreign 
state that it will not carry out any activi-
ties or transactions for which sanctions may 
be imposed pursuant to this paragraph in 
the future; 
(ii) in the case of procurement of de-
fense articles or defense services by the 
United States Government under existing 
contracts or subcontracts, including the ex-
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ercise of options for production quantities to 
satisfy requirements essential to the na-
tional security of the United States, if the 
President determines in writing to the ap-
propriate congressional committees that— 
(I) the foreign person or agency or 
instrumentality of a foreign state to 
which the sanctions would otherwise be 
applied is a sole source supplier of the 
defense articles or services, that the de-
fense articles or services are essential, 
and that alternative sources are not 
readily or reasonably available; and 
(II) it is in the national interest 
and the President certifies such deter-
mination in writing to the appropriate 
congressional committees; or 
(iii) if the President certifies in writ-
ing to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that the identification of the foreign 
person or agency or instrumentality of a 
foreign state would impede the supply by 
any entity of the Russian Federation of a 
product or service, or the procurement of 
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such product or service, by the Government 
of the United States— 
(I) for purposes of civil aviation 
safety; or 
(II) in connection with any space 
launch conducted for the Government 
of the United States. 
(3) WAIVER.—The President may waive the ap-
plication of paragraph (2) for renewable periods not 
to exceed 180 days with respect to a foreign person 
or foreign persons, or agency or instrumentality of a 
foreign state, if the President— 
(A) determines that the waiver is important 
to the national security of the United States; and 
(B) before the waiver takes effect, briefs the 
appropriate congressional committees on the 
waiver and the reason for the waiver. 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) ADVANCED CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS.— 
The term ‘‘advanced conventional weapons’’ in-
cludes— 
(i) such long-range precision-guided 
munitions, fuel air explosives, cruise mis-
siles, low observability aircraft, other radar 
evading aircraft, advanced military air-
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craft, military satellites, electromagnetic 
weapons, and laser weapons that the Presi-
dent determines enhance offensive capabili-
ties in destabilizing ways; 
(ii) such advanced command, control, 
and communications systems, electronic 
warfare systems, or intelligence collection 
systems that the President determines en-
hance offensive capabilities in destabilizing 
ways; 
(iii) the S–300 and S–400 missile de-
fense systems and air superiority fighters; 
and 
(iv) such other items or systems as the 
President may, by regulation, determine 
necessary for purposes of this subsection. 
(B) AGENCY
OR
INSTRUMENTALITY
OF
A 
FOREIGN STATE.—The term ‘‘agency or instru-
mentality of a foreign state’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 1603(b) of title 28, 
United States Code. 
(C) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means— 
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619 
(i) the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions, the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Fi-
nance of the Senate; and 
(ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Financial Services, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives. 
(D) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign 
person’’ means— 
(i) an individual who is not a United 
States person; or 
(ii) a corporation, partnership, or 
other nongovernmental entity which is not a 
United States person. 
(E) MAJOR
DEFENSE
EQUIPMENT.—The 
term ‘‘major defense equipment’’ has the mean-
ing given such term under section 120.8 of title 
22, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of the enactment of this Act). 
(F) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means— 
(i) a natural person; 
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620 
(ii) a corporation, business association, 
partnership, society, trust, financial institu-
tion, insurer, underwriter, guarantor, and 
any other business organization, any other 
nongovernmental entity, organization, or 
group, and any governmental entity oper-
ating as a business enterprise; and 
(iii) any successor to any entity de-
scribed in clause (ii). 
(G) UNITED
STATES
PERSON.—The term 
‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(i) a United States citizen or an alien 
lawfully admitted for permanent residence 
to the United States; 
(ii) an entity organized under the laws 
of the United States or of any jurisdiction 
within the United States, including a for-
eign branch of such an entity; or 
(iii) any person in the United States. 
(5) DETERMINATION
OF
SOPHISTICATED.—The 
Secretary of State, with the concurrence of the Sec-
retary of Defense and in coordination with the heads 
of other relevant Federal agencies, shall promulgate 
regulations to determine if a good, service, or tech-
nology is sophisticated for purposes of this section. 
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621 
(6) DETERMINATION
OF
BENEFICIAL
OWNER-
SHIP.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall promulgate 
regulations for determining beneficial ownership of an 
entity described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) to be less 
than fifty percent ownership. 
(7) COOPERATION.—The Secretary of State shall 
seek to consult and cooperate with United States al-
lies and partners to impose sanctions as required 
under this subsection and to maximize the effect of 
these sanctions. 
(8) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This subsection takes ef-
fect on the date of the enactment of this Act and ap-
plies with respect to activities and transactions de-
scribed in paragraph (1) that are carried out on or 
after such date of enactment. 
(d) ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR THE PURCHASE OF 
CERTAIN DEFENSE ARTICLES
OR DEFENSE SERVICES 
FROM RUSSIA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an agency or 
instrumentality of the Islamic Republic of Iran or of 
any other state sponsor of terrorism that engages in 
the activities described in paragraph (2), the Presi-
dent shall, pursuant to section 6 of the Export Ad-
ministration Act of 1979 (as continued in effect pur-
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622 
suant to the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)), require a license 
under the Export Administration Regulations to ex-
port, re-export, or transfer to that foreign state, or 
specific sectors of that foreign state, any item subject 
to the Export Administration Regulations other than 
food, medicine, or medical devices. 
(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—The activities de-
scribed in this paragraph are the purchase, lease, or 
acquisition, on or after March 6, 2014, of major de-
fense equipment or advanced conventional weapons 
from the Russian Federation. 
(3) SUSPENSION OF APPLICATION.—The Presi-
dent may suspend the application of the measures de-
scribed in paragraph (1) for renewable periods not to 
exceed 180 days if the President determines and re-
ports to the appropriate congressional committees that 
it is in the national security interest of the United 
States to do so. 
(4) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall be construed to apply to reexports of 
foreign manufactured items by non-United States 
persons that contain less than 10 percent United 
States-origin content, or previously licensed exports, 
reexports, or transfers. 
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(5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) ADVANCED CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS.— 
The term ‘‘advanced conventional weapons’’ has 
the meaning given such term in subsection (c). 
(B) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. 
(C) 
EXPORT
ADMINISTRATION
REGULA-
TIONS.—The term ‘‘Export Administration Reg-
ulations’’ means subchapter C of chapter VII of 
title 15, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
on the date of the enactment of this Act). 
(D) MAJOR
DEFENSE
EQUIPMENT.—The 
term ‘‘major defense equipment’’ has the mean-
ing given such term in subsection (c). 
(E) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The 
term ‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a coun-
try the government of which the Secretary of 
State determines has repeatedly provided support 
for acts of international terrorism pursuant to 
section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 
1979 (as continued in effect pursuant to the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act), 
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section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act, sec-
tion 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
or any other relevant provision of law. 
(6) EFFECTIVE
DATE.—The licensing require-
ment under paragraph (1) shall take effect not later 
than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(e) SPECIAL RULE TO ALLOW FOR TERMINATION OF 
SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS ENGAGING IN 
TRANSACTIONS WITH
THE INTELLIGENCE
OR DEFENSE 
SECTORS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERA-
TION.—Section 231 of the Countering America’s Adver-
saries Through Sanctions Act (Public Law 115–44; 22 
U.S.C. 9525) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as 
subsection (e) and (f), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (c), as amended, 
the following new subsection: 
‘‘(d) SPECIAL RULE TO ALLOW FOR TERMINATION OF 
SANCTIONABLE ACTIVITY.— 
‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION.—The President shall not be 
required to apply sanctions to a person described in 
subsection (a) for renewable periods not to exceed 180 
days with respect to the person if the President cer-
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625 
tifies in writing to the appropriate congressional 
committees that— 
‘‘(A) the person— 
‘‘(i) is no longer engaging in the activ-
ity described in subsection (a); 
‘‘(ii) has taken and is continuing to 
take significant verifiable steps toward ter-
minating the activity described in that sub-
section; or 
‘‘(iii) has agreed to reduce reliance 
upon Russian defense or intelligence sectors 
of the Government of the Russian Federa-
tion trade over a specified period; 
‘‘(B) the person is taking specified actions 
to further the enforcement of this section; and 
‘‘(C) the President has received reliable as-
surances from the government with primary ju-
risdiction over the person that the person will 
not engage in any activity described in sub-
section (a) in the future outside of the param-
eters of any actions specified in subparagraph 
(A)(ii) or (iii) of such certification. 
‘‘(2) FORM.—The certification described in para-
graph (1) shall be transmitted in an unclassified 
form, and may contain a classified annex.’’. 
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626 
(f) EXCEPTION
RELATING
TO
IMPORTATION
OF 
GOODS.—No provision affecting sanctions under this sec-
tion or an amendment made by this section shall apply to 
any portion of a sanction that affects the importation of 
goods. 
(g) TERMINATION.—This section, including the author-
ity to impose sanctions under this section and any sanc-
tions so imposed, and any amendment made by this section 
shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 1237. EXTENSION OF LIMITATION ON MILITARY CO-
OPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 
Section 1232(a) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 
2488), as amended by section 1231 of the National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115– 
91), is further amended by striking ‘‘or 2018’’ and inserting 
‘‘, 2018, or 2019’’. 
SEC. 1238. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING RUSSIA’S VIO-
LATIONS OF THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CON-
VENTION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States ratified the Convention on 
the Prohibition of the Development, Production, 
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Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on 
their Destruction, known as the ‘‘Chemical Weapons 
Convention’’, on April 24, 1997. 
(2) The Russian Federation ratified the Chem-
ical Weapons Convention on November 5, 1997. 
(3) Article 1 of the Chemical Weapons Conven-
tion requires all signatories to ‘‘never under any cir-
cumstances...use chemical weapons’’. 
(4) Russia’s stock of chemical weapons has been 
implicated in the assassination or injuries of the fol-
lowing individuals: 
(A) Sergei Skripal, Yulia Skripal, and 
Wiltshire Police Detective Sergeant Nicholas 
Bailey, 
poisoned 
using 
the 
nerve 
agent 
‘‘novichok’’ in Salisbury, England, in March 
2018. 
(B) Alexander Litvinenko, poisoned using 
polonium, in London, England, in November 
2006, about whose death a January 2016 inquest 
ordered by the British Parliament concluded 
‘‘the FSB operation to kill Mr Litvinenko was 
probably approved by Mr Patrushev [then-direc-
tor of the FSB] and also by President Putin’’. 
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(1) certifies to the appropriate congressional 
committees that— 
(A) the President has raised the issue of 
covered Russian systems in the appropriate fora 
with the Russian Federation under Article V of 
the New START Treaty or otherwise; and 
(B) the Russian Federation has responded 
in writing to the United States as to whether 
they will agree to declare the covered Russian 
systems as strategic offensive arms or otherwise 
pursuant to the New START Treaty; 
(2) submits a copy of the written response of the 
Russian Federation described in paragraph (1)(B) to 
the appropriate congressional committees; and 
(3) notifies the appropriate congressional com-
mittees as to whether the position of the Russian Fed-
eration threatens the viability of the New START 
Treaty or requires appropriate United States polit-
ical, economic, or military responses. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
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645 
and inserting ‘‘the ‘Indo-Pacific Maritime Secu-
rity Initiative’ ’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The heading of 
such section is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘Sec. 1263. Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Initiative.’’. 
(b) COVERED COUNTRIES.—Subsection (e)(2) of such 
section is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(D) India.’’. 
(c) DESIGNATION OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES.—Such 
section is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ‘‘subsection 
(f)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (g)’’; 
(2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), and (h) 
as subsections (g), (h), and (i), respectively; and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (e) the following: 
‘‘(f) INCLUSION
OF ADDITIONAL COUNTRIES.—The 
Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary 
of State, is authorized to include additional foreign coun-
tries under subsection (b) for purposes of providing assist-
ance and training under subsection (a) and additional for-
eign countries under subsection (e)(2) for purposes of pro-
viding payment of incremental expenses in connection with 
training described in subsection (a)(1)(B) if, with respect 
to each such additional foreign country, the Secretary deter-
mines and certifies to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress that it is important for increasing maritime security 
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