APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD from Maine held by Roster Bate and Omagtas NELson. Result: Both Hatz and Menson were re- elected. October 9, 1950: Experienced observers now think Senator Roserer Tarr is running be- hind in Ohio, His main troubles are the all- out union activity and a big registration of new young voters who lean Democratic, ac- cording to surveys. Result: Senator Tarr won by 431,154 votes. October 16, 1960: The Democrats are su- premely confident of the outcome. They are, in fact, warning each other against over- confidence, “Things look so good we're wor- ried,” said an aide in Lucas’ Stevens Hotel headquarters in Chicago. Jake Arvéy, the shrewd Cook County Democratic boss, who has been taking polls outside Chicago the- aters, estimates on the basis of the results that Lucas will carry Cook County by 400,0C0 votes and Illinois as a whole by 270,000, even if rural precincta turn in their usual Republican majorities—to Arvey this dis- content isa myth. People never vote against the perty in power when they're as pros- perous as they are now, he contends. And to this he adds a statement which the Re- publicans of Ulinois believe as firmly as he does: “The election will be a referendum on the Truman administration. If Lucas loses here, the Republicans will sweep the country and win the Congress.” Result: Republican Senatorial candidate Zvererr M. Dimcsen defeated Lucas by 275,- 000 votes. - November 6, 1950: Correspondents’ elec- tion preview (50 newspaper reporters and columnists 11. TIME MAGAZINE, OCTOBER 23, 1950 They expected these Democrats to win: Tilinols: Majority Leader Scott Lucas who hes forged ahead of ex-Representative Evm- Tt Dmxsxn since the landing at Inchon. Maryland: Senator Millard Tydings over JOHN MagsHALL BUTLER. Result: Senator Lucas was defeated by Drexexm by 276,000 votes; Senator Tydings was defeated by Burir by 43,000 votes. 18. WASHINGTON POST, NOVEMBER 5, 1950, ROSERT C. ALBRIGHT Between Senator Lucas and former Rep- resentative Dimxsrn appears just as close, with the odds fractionally favoring Lucas One Senate seat formerly considered “safe” by Republicans, Senator Bounms B. Hicarn- voorera's Towa chair, seems in last-minute pervious trouble from Democratic nominee Albert J. Loveland. Result: Senator Lucas was defeated by Diaxsrn by 275,000 votes; Senator Hicken- Loorsr defeated Loveland by 87,000 votes. 22, THE OALLUP FOLL, MOVEMBER 6, 1050 In @ poll dated November 5, 1060, Gallup ' (American Institute of Public Opinion) pre- dicted a national vote division for House, the £ the GOP wnt would indicate moderate scat 12s tn ea pct e ublican n' of na- tonal’ total vote for House ae 49.08, Demo- cratic as 46.95, and others as 2.02. (Boston Herald, December 25, 1050.) 44. THE DUNN SURVEY Headline: “Predicts GOP will fumble and lose aga: The Republican Party this year has the greatest opportunity i¢ has had to beat the Now Deal, but, nevertheless, will receive its ‘worst set-back since 1936 in the National, State, and local elections tn November. (Chi- cago Tribune, September 28, 1950.) Result: Nationally, the Repwhlicans gained 27 House seats (net) and 5 Senate seate (net). In the States, Republicans gained 6 Governor seats (net). 15, LOUIS H, BEAN, LOOK MAGAZINE, AUGUST 29, 1950 Colorado: Democratic Representative John A. Carroll has a ‘better than even chance to replace Republican Senator Evazne D. MILLIKIN, Result: Senator Mrutrxin defeated Carroll by 27,000 votes. Connecticut: A reasonably certain sweep for the GOP over Democratic Senators Mc- Mahon and Benton and Gov. Chester Bowles as well. Result: Senators McMaHon and BEenTon were reelected, and Governor Bowles was de- feated by John Davis Lodge, Republican. Nevada: Despite a Democratic tradition, there’s been a strong swing to the Repub- licans in this State, Democratic Senator Pat McCarran will probably lose. Result: Benator McCarran defeated Re- publican Senatorial Candidate George E. Marshall Ohio; In extremely close battle, with indi- cations as of now that Democratic candidate Joseph T. Ferguson will nose out Republican Senator Tart. Result: Senator Tarr defeated Ferguson by 431,164 votes. Here are the safe Senate seats for No- vember: Democrats: Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mary- Jand, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina (2), and Utah. Result: Maryland and Utah elected Re- publican Senators. As to the 16 doubtful senatorial seats, ac- cording to Bean: Probable Democrat: Colorado, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Washington. Result: Colorado and Ohio reelected Re- publican Senators. Probable Republican: Connecticut (2), Idaho (2), Iilinois, Indiana, Iowa, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin. Result: Connecticut and Nevada reelected their Democratic Senators. No prediction California—the outcome is anybody's guess. Result: The Republican senetorial victory was overwhelming—by 680,000 votes. Louts H. Bean, the midterm battle In the gubernatorial races, the Democrats would normally face a midterm loss of two or three of their present governors, but un- publi 4 t gains to only ney unit Re- can ne only one. Result: Republicans made net gains of six. 26. WILLIAM M. BOYLE, JR. Headline: “Boyle asks State Democratic chiefs to explain why their rosy forecasts missed the mark.” William M. Boyle, Jr., Democratic national chairman, as pusuled as anyone, called on party leaders in the States to tell him wherein their forecasts bad been in error. State leaders made reports on which he and President Truman hased their landslide pre- A9 17, NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1980 Arivone: Mrs. Frohmiller is expected to become Arizona's firat woman Governor, Result: J. Howard Pyle, Republican guber- natorial candidate, waa elected. California: The Democrats are given a good chance to gain one House seat and thus win a majority in the State's delegation. Result: The Republicans gained one House seat in California. Colorado: Mr. Carroll is rated slightly ahead, Result: Senator Miriam, Republican, de- feated Democrat John A. Carroll by 27,000 votes. Uhnols: Since the tide turned in Korea, Mr. Lucas may have pulled ahead alightly. Result: Evaarrr M. Dmxstn, Republican senatorial candidate, defeated Lucas by 276,000 votes. Towa: Mr. Loveland is given a fair chance in the Senate race. Result; Semator Hicxenwioorsr, Republi- can, defeated Democrat Albert J. Loveland by 87,000 votes. Maryland: The race for Senator and Gov- ernor may be close, with Democrate given the edge. Result: Senator Tydings was defeated by Republican Buriag by 43,000 votes. Gover- nor Lene was defeated by Republican Mc- Keldin by 94,000 votes. New Mexico: The Democrats are expected to win the governorship. Result: Republican Bdwin L. Mechem was victorious, Oregon: The Democrats have a good chance of unseating two of the Republican Con- gressmen. Result: All four Republican incumbents were reelected. Utah: Senator Thomas ts favored to win. Result: Watiace F, Benwerr, Republican, defeated Thomas by 22,000 votes. West Virginia: Three of the Democratic seats are considered safe, Republicans, in- cluding Mr. Holt, are given a good chance tn the other three contests. Result: Republicans did not win any seats in West Virginia. Wyoming: The Republicans ere expected to lose their Howse seat. Result: Witmer H, Harrwon, Republican candidate, was victorious by 8,382 votes. Wisconsin: Mr. Thompson ts given a good chance to become the first Democrat~elected Governor since 19382. Mr. Fairchild ts also considered strong. Result: Republican Waiter J. Kohler, Jr., defeated Mr. Thompson in the gubernatorial race by 82,000 votes. Senator Wrury, Repub- lican, defeated Mr. Fairchild by 80,000 votes. 18. CAPITAL COMMENT: SEPTEMBER 30, 1950 On the basis of these figures, of known trends, and of the quality of our candidates, Democrats in Wisconsin are confident that, with a continued all-out effort, they can elect a Governor and a Senator, and pick up at least two, and maybe four, seats tn Con- gress. Reault: The Republican candidates for Governor and Senator were both successful. The Democrats lost one House seat to the Republicans. The Democratic trend throughout the Na- tion is stronger today than it was in 1948, ac- cording to reports comtng in from all parts of the country, Result: The division of the total national vote in 1960 as with 1948 was: Re- Publicans (1048) 45.1 percent, (1960) 40.03 percent; Democrats (1948) 40.4 percent, (1050) 48.95 percent; others (1948) 6.5 per- cent, (1950) 2.02 percent. ‘19. WILLIAM M. BOYLE, JR., DEMOCRATIC NA- TIONAL CHAIRMAN Thus, the Maine election results, which always serve in some degree as a barometer
Al0 of political sentiment in the country, this year indicated that we can expect a big total vote and increased Democratic strength in November. I have analyzed the figures carefully, and they indicate without question that the un- derlying trend toward the Democratic Party is still running strongly. * * * The Maine voting is the best indication we have had—although there have been others—that the trend is continuing unabated.— (Capital Comment, September 16, 1950.) Result: Democrats had a net loss of 27 seats in the House and 5 in the Senate, They also lost a net of 6 Governors. 20. WASHINGTON POST, NOVEMBER 5, 1950, ROBERT ALBRIGHT Officially, Democrats are saying they expect to hold their own and stand 8 good chance of increasing their House and Senate majort- ties. Privately, Capt. Victor Hunt Harding, Democratic congressional expert, fixes his range between a net House gain of 10 Demo- cratic seats and a net loss of 20. He thinks the net change in the Senate won't shift more than 2 seats either way. Because of the widespread attention which Mr. Louis Bean has received as a prognosatica- tor. it is worth noting that his prognostica- tions in 1948 were also worthless. The fol- lowing is taken from the postelection issue of Newsweek magazine, November 15, 1948, page 29: THE SEERS—UP THE BEAN POLL While poll takers Elmo Roper, George Gal- lup, and Archibald Crossley were holding their heads last week as a result of erroneous election forecasts, a determined advertising and newspaper campaign was launched to prove that one scientific expert—Louls H. Bean, a Government economist—had actu- ally forecast President Truman’s amazing victory. Two days after the election, on Thursday, November 4, Alfred A. Knopf, publisher of Bean's 00k How To Predict Elections, ran advertisements headed: “Ob, Mr. Gallup! Oh, Mr. Roper! Obviously, you don’t know Bean's How To Predict Electlons—the book that shows how to accurately predict elec- tions. At all book stores, $32.50.” The following day, the International Latex Corp. of Dover, Del., which has made a prac- tiee of running public-service ada on politi- cal issues, bought two-column, page-length space to quote from Bean’s book under the headline: ‘Was there an election mystery?” On Sunday, in its weekly review section, under the headline: “The ‘Bean Poll’ was vight,” the New York Herald Tribune car- ried a Washington story by a staff member, Frederick Gutheim, declaring Bean had pre- dicted aa far back as last April that the Dem- ocrata not only would retain the Presidency but would recapture control of Congress as ‘well. Short-sighted hindsight: What everyone had evidently overlooked last week was Bean's own forecast just 3 days before the election. Although Bean in his book had correctly held that the swing from the Dem- ocrats had reached bottom after the 1946 GOP landslide, hie forecast made to Peter Edson, Scripps-Howard columnist on October 80 (and to Drew Pearson on October 17), was as wrong, if not more wrong, than those of Roper, Gallup, and Crossley: “President Truman will need an all-out turn-out of nearly 60,000,000 voters to win the election,” Bean told Edson. “That is what he is fighting for—to get out the vote and turn the tide which all polls have indi- cated are against him. “There are some in trends in this election. Many voters who seem to be Dem- ocrats when thinking about the congressional election are Republicans when thinking ebout the Presidential race.” Tracing the total votes in past elections and noting that the polis indicated the vote might go no higher than 51,000,000, Bean forecast to Edson that Mr. Truman would carry only 9 States and that even if it reached 66,000,000 he would carry only 18. Bean, like the other experts, failed to estimate the out- come on the unexpectedly low 47,000,000- vote total. But if his reasoning had been carried out, he would have given Mr. Truman even fewer States than the 9 he accorded him on the basis of @ 51,000,000 total vote. In brief, Bean had never completely dis- missed the posstbility of Democratic victory, but Bean in October evidently had forgotten Bean tn April. (Roper and Gallup also for- got Roper and Gallup of earlier date. Gallup in January and Roper in February had shown Mr. Truman ahead.) Although Newsweek is silent as to what Drew Pearson actually said on October 17, 1948, inquiry at his office discloses that Mr. Pearson quoted Mr. Louis Bean as predicting that Gov. Thomas E. Dewey would get 27,- 600,000 votes, Mr. Truman 24,500,000 votes, making Mr. Dewey the winner by a plurality of 8,000,000 votes. Actual results: Mr. Dewey, 21,969,170; Mr. Truman, 24,105,695. The Low Ebb EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. MYRON V. GEORGE OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Mr. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, under Jeave to extend my remarks in the Rec- orb, I include, at the request of Mr. V. A. Hutton, adjutant of American Legion Post, No. 8, an editorial from the Daily Herald at Fredonia, Kans. In a letter accompanying this editorial, Mr. Hut- ton states that at a regular Legion meet- ing a resolution was unanimously passed requesting that this editorial be inserted in the ConGRESSIONAL Recorp. ‘The edi- torial follows: THe Low Bes We have not lost confidence in the Amer- ican people, yet we are forced to admit that, today, we are ashamed of our Nation, rather are we ashamed of our Government. There have been many times when we, as Americans, have criticized our Government; we pride ourselves in that right, but when we arrive at that point when we are ashamed - of our Government, as that feeling is preva- lent today in the hearts of nearly all, then we are indeed at low ebb. We are ashamed of a President, who through his pettiness, has brought us to the brink of a new war, with all nations on earth our critics, in spite of the food and clothing and money we have lavished on them. We are ashamed of a Secretary of State who apes Chamberlain of Munich and per- mits our enemies to dictate our policies. We are ashamed of an Army staff that per- mits our sons and our brothers to go into battle with a vicious enemy, without previous knowledge of that enemy’s disposition, equip- ment, or strength, and that our troops should meet these fanatics illy equipped and led. We are ashamed of a commander who sends our troops into certain defeat when by judi- clous use of accepted military tactics many thousands of lives could have been spared, We are ashamed of a Nation of business- men who will sell to our certain enemies needed supplies and equipment definitely planned to be used against our own boys, APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and a supine Government that ts equally guilty in permitting such blood transactions. And we heartily are ashamed of a Con- gress that will busy itself with petty prob- lems as the disgusting spectacle continues. Indeed, have we sunk to new depths and there seems no way out. Import Tax on Copper EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. JAMES T. PATTERSON OF CONNECTICUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, on this the first day of the Eighty-second Congress I have reintroduced a bill to suspend the import tax on copper. Dur- ing both sessions of the Eightieth Con- gress and in the first session of the Eighty-first Congress legislation of this type was enacted into law. Sectional op- position in the other body prevented its enactment in the sesston just concluded. It is regrettable, but true, that a group of national legislators were more con~- cerned with regional self-interest than with the national welfare. Since June 30, 1950, an import tax of 2 cents per pound has been imposed upon copper ore brought to this country from other nations of the world. The natural effect of this tax imposition has been to lessen the supply of copper available to fabricators. This in spite of the protesta- tions of domestic producers that a suffi- cient supply of copper would be produced without imports from foreign sources. The reduction of copper for civilian use as ordered by the National Produc- tion Authority is evidence of the short supply of this metal. Without assur- ances of increased amounts of copper ore, cutbacks in production and employment are inevitable in industrial areas of our Nation. This at a time of national emer- gency, when all our efforts should be directed toward the future security of the United States. The military stockpile of copper is in- adequate to assure even the continuing production of weapons and other war matériel. It is a disgraceful situation in which we find ourselves. This Congress must face up to the problem of assuring increased imports of copper ore for the national defense. The bill introduced today provides that the import tax shall be suspended from April 1, 1951, until the termination of the national emergency. This tenure is used in preference to a specific cutoff date, as I realize that our need for copper will increase rather than decrease for the duration of the national emergency. Let us legislate for the best interests of our Nation rather than on a regional basis. The people of America look to this new Congress for faith in our sys- tem of government and the preservation of world peace, Let our only considera- tion in our duties be that what we do its good for America, I trust that this most important legislation will not be the ob-
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ject of partisan wrangling, but rather that public hearings will be scheduled ag soon a6 possible and House approval obtained shortly thereafter, Physically Handicapped Persons and Dis- abled Veterans in the Federal Civil Service EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. EDWARD H. REES- OF KAMeAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Myr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Speaker, under permission to extend my remarks, I include the following statement by Dr. Verne K. Harvey, M. D., Chief of the Medical Division of the Civil Service Commission. Dr. Harvey and the Medi- cal Division of the Civil Service Commis- sion have done outstanding work with respect to the rehabilitation and place- ment of physically handicapped persons, particularly veterans, in the Federal service. The statement by Dr. Harvey follows: Rore or Disasuep ImporTaNT In Fepemat. Srevicn, Asserts Orvi, Service ComMis- SION MeEDIcAL Director To consider ability rather than disability is what the handicapped program of the Civil Service Commission tries to do, Dr. Verne K. Harvey, M. D., Medical Director of the Com- mission, told the Exchange recently. The Commission designs its tests with the knowledge that a man can be physically handicapped without being job handicapped. Dr. Harvey stated the two basic concepts that guide the Commission’s program: (1) Is the handicapped person qualified to do the job? (2) Can he pfficiently perform the duties of the job without hazard to himself or others? The Medical Division sets the physical re- quirements for all jobs. It is responsible for seeing that when an exam is arranged, the physical requirements are those for doing the job efficiently. “Civil service is on a competitive basis,” Dr. Harvey said. “We are out to see that the physical requirements are realistic. It is not realiatic to say a job needs a man with two arms when a man with one arm can perform it Just as well.” HANDICAPS ARE VALUABLE The doctor feels that at present hiring officials are much more aware of the value of handicapped employees than they were sev- eral yeare ago. “There are still some people who are afraid physically handicapped peopie will be disa- bility retirement risks,” . Harvey sald. “But this is not the case. The whole basis they are hired on is whether or not they can do. the work efficiently and safely.” Explaining the Commission's role, the doc- tor said, "The Commission does not rehabili- tate. Others do that. We are interested in seeing that Uncle Sam gives them equal op- portunity after they are rehabilitated.” SECTION HAS AUTHORITY When agencies are not obeying the Yeter- ana’ Preference Act or Public Law 617, the Commission has power to make them do 80, Public Law 617 (80th Cong.) reads in part: “No person shall be discriminated against in any case because of physical handicap, with respect to any position the duties of which, in the opinion of the Civil Service Commission, may be efficiently performed by 8 person with such a physical handicap.” The medica) section is also interested in the technique of exams. If a written test 4s too difficult they will provide help. For example, ff a spastic has dificulty writing, it Will provide a person to write down the an- swers he decides. The medical section also works with ap- pointing officers to help place the handi- capped. PROPERLY PLACED IMPORTANT “It ts important that they are placed prope erly,” Dr. Harvey sald. “We emphasize this. We don’t believe in taking safety risks.” The handicapped program received its first real impetus under Dr. Harvey. In 1942 the Commission surveyed thousands of jobs from coast to coast to see what jobs existed that could he filled by handicapped. This report was published and made avatlabie to depart- ments and agencies. In 1943 a booklet, Un- tapped Manpower, was issued, telling ap- pointing officers how they could ease their manpower shortage by hiring handicapped. @TUDY BEGUN IN 1943 Then, late in 1043, the Medica! Section launched a vast performance atudy. They took 3,000 handicapped employees and com- pared their services against 5,000 nonhandi- capped. They compared them on produc- tion and efficiency, accident experience, sick absenteeism, and turnover. The result showed: (1) Physically handicapped em- ployees compared favorably in the first four items and (2) figures in the study of turn- overs showed them to be far supertor as stable employees. This study was first published in the Amer- fean Medical Journal and later issued as a handbook. ONES HUNDRED THOUBAND IN FEDERAL SERVICE Figures show that from 1942-49 over 100,- 000 severely handicapped people were placed in the Federal service. Dr. Harvey feels there has been a large increase in handi- capped employment since the Korean con- flict, though no figures are available. Asked if he thought the handicapped would play an important role if there is another big increase in hiring due to the present crisis, Dr. Harvey said, “Definitely. An employer who gets a trained handicapped person is fortunate. It’s important to know he won't be running around after another job or subject to draft. The tighter the labor market, the better it is to hire handi- capped. “There is another side I’d like to empha- size. I think the handicapped people them- selves have a big responsibility to see they maintain their enviable record.” The mild-voiced, 52-year-old doctor has been with the Commission since 1940, A native of Indianapolis, Ind., he took his medical degree at the University of Indiana and did postgraduate work at Johns Hop- kins under a Rockefeller Foundation fellow- ship. He was with the Indiana State Board of Health, and was State health commissioner for 7% years before coming to the Civil Service Commission. Statement by Hon. Louis B. Heller, of New York, Against Repeal of 21-Day Rule EXTENSION OF REMARKS or ‘ HON. LOUIS B. HELLER or NEw TORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Mr. HELLER. Mr. Speaker, the battle for democracy is never finally won, either All on the fleld of confiict in foreign lands or in the Halls of Congress itself. A year ago this House defeated a coalition cam- paign to repeal the 21-day rule by a vote of 236 to 183. That was a great victory for democracy in Congress and for the control of legislative action by the House itself instead of by a small committee clique. Now that victory is threatened with reversal, just as our hard-won gains on the battlefields of far-off Korea have been reversed by the forces of commu- sm. I appeal to my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to rise and strike down once again this reactionary resolution. This move to restore autocratic control over legislation to the Committee on Rules is not an isolated phenomenon. It is an episode in a world-wide contest of ideas whose outcome will determine whether government by the few or by the many shall finally prevail—whether democracy or oligarchy shall rule our lives and our legislative processes. If here in the citadel of democracy, we continue to surrender to the forces of filibuster and pigeonhole in our midst—as we have on civil rights and on statehood for Alaska and Hawaii and on home rule for Washington—then the faith of the people in representative gov- ernment will receive another vital blow and mankind everywhere ‘will know that we do not practice the democracy we preach. . Our enemies abroad have been capital- izing with telling effect upon the failures of American democracy here at home. Our foreign relations have been gravely embarrassed by flibusters against civil rights and statehood in the other body, as well as by the failure of this House to grant elementary rights of local self- government to the people of Washing- ton, The fabric of democracy is weak- ened by the exclusion of any group from its participation and protection. If there ever was a time, Mr. Speaker, when we should hold to past gains—and further democratize the internal organ- ization and procedures of Congress—this is that time. For on forefen flelds of battle democracy almost everywhere is in bitter retreat and it is much later than we think, So let us not surrender in this fateful hour to the little men of no vision. Let us not surrender to those who would use the closet of the Rules Committee as a pigeonhole for progressive legislation and a deep freeze for the legitimate as- pirations of the American people. Let us not yield our victory of yesteryear to those pusillanimous men who would erect their petty prejudices and sectional sel- fishness into national policies. Rather, Jet us seize the democratic torch, men of Congress, and carry it on to new heights of legislative achievement. The 21-day rule served us well during the Eighty-first Congress. It brought the anti-poll-tax bill and the rivers and harbors bill to the floor of the House in 1949, The threat of its use forced action on the housing and minimum wage bills. During 1980 it was, thanks to the 21-day rule, that we were able to work our will on the Alaskan and Hawalian statehood bills and the national science foundation
Al2 bill, Without this rule, these and other important measures—which had been favorably reported by the legislative committees of the House—would still be buried in the graveyard of the Rules Committee. Let us not clog the legislative high- ways of democracy with reactionary road blocks, Let us teach the Rules Commit- tee that it is a traffic director, not a bar- ricade, Let us keep the 21-day rule. [From the Washington Post of January 8, 1951) LecistatTive GRaveyvARD The House of Representatives will be asked today to surrender its power to legislate into the hands of a small group of men who have often demonstrated that they do not know how to use it wisely. Technically stated, the question will be whether the 21-day rule shall be repealed. Everyone familiar with congressional procedure knows, however, that this is the rule which permits the chair- men of legislative committees to lay their pills before the House (after a waiting period of 21 days) if the bill has been pigeonholed by the Rules Committee contrary to the wishes of a majority of House Members. If the repeal resolution is adopted, as Congress- man Heuer pointed out when a similar at- tempt was made a year ago, “the Rules Com. mittee will become a graveyard where the policies of both political parties and the hopes of the American people will be buried.” Sponsors of this reactionary movement seem to be appealing especially to inexperi- enced new Members and to the partisan in- terests of the enlarged Republican minority. In our opinion, repeal of the 21-day rule would be unfortunate from the viewpoint of both groups. The one hope that new Members have of getting their proposals ac- cepted Hes in working with the legislative committees, in which bills are analyzed on their merits. New Members would gravely handicap their own efforts if they should restore a Rules Committee veto over what the legislative committees do. And how could they face their constituents 2 years hence and admit that their first significant vote in the House was against democratic procedure in lawmaking? No doubt, many Republicans will be tempt- ed to favor restoration of the Rules Com- mittee graveyard as a means of frustrating the administration. But there are two powerful reasons why they should not yleld to this temptation. First, this is a period in which the arbitrary stalling of our legis- lative machinery might bring disaster. The House cannot resign into the hands of seven men the power to decide whether or not It ean act on any given measure without leav- ing the whole Nation at the mercy of an unrepresentative and often arbitrary faction. In the second place, of course, the Republi- eans would find the restoration of a Rules Committee dictatorship a critical handicap if they should come to power In 1952, If they should repeal the 21-day rule now, they could not restore it with the advent of a Republi- can administration without making them. selves ridiculous. The Rules Committee ought to function as & legislative traffic director, working in close cooperation with the House leadership. But experience shows that it will never confine iteelf to that task unless compelled to do s0. It seems to us that every Member of the House, with the possible exception of the 12 Rules Committeemen themselves, has an in- terest in retaining a check on the autocratic power the committee once wielded. This can be accomplished only by keeping the 21-day rule intact. How Much Longer Shall American Men Be Compelled by Their Government To Fight and Die Without the Help, Both Direct and Diversionary, of the Strong- est Anti-Communist Forces in Asia? EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WALTER H. JUDD OF MINNESOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Mr, JUDD, Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I include the last of three factual articles on the strongest allies America has in Asia, and which, for no discoverable good reason, have been imprisoned on Formosa by our Government, giving the Chinese Reds full opportunity to concentrate their strength against our forces in Korea. It is not only madness; it is murder. How long, Mr. Acheson, how long? [From the Washington Daily News of Janu- ary 3, 1951) CuHINEsH NATIONALISTS Don’t Lack MEN OR DrrexrMINAtTION (NotE.—This is the last of three articles py Clyde Farnaworth answering the question raised in some quarters as to whether the Chinese Nationalists can and will fight. Mr, Farnsworth returned to this country recently from an 8-year tour of duty in the Orient.) (By Clyde Farnsworth) Of all the things the Chinese Nationalists need to turn Formosa into a counteroffen- sive base for deliverance to China, the least is manpower and determination to fight thelr way home again. These assets they have in impressive quan. tity, but that is not all. They have, most importantly, a new know- how for government and national well-being, Formosa has been a refresher course for the Chinese Nationalist movement. Success there may indeed contain the seeds of Na- tionalist rebirth in China. The Government, now rid of the economic mess that plagued it on the mainland and insulated against Communist infiltration and sabotage, has wrought virtual miracles fo economic stabilization and political re- ‘orm. MORE TALENT It is true that the Nationalists on For- mosa have had a greater concentration of administrative talent than ever before. But they have been carrying a proportionally greater weight in the military establishment, On Formosa the Nationalists have gath- ered and trained or retrained 500,000 about whom a great deal has already been writ- ten-—-their religious life, their physical con- dition, their supply problems, their home- made burp guns and reconditioned Japan- ese rifles. Less has been heard of Nationalist eco- nomic achjevements on Formosa. LONG-TERM PROJECTS Since the State Department first started publicly doubting that the Nationalists had any morale or self-confidence left the Taipeh Government has invested more than $20,000,- 000 of its overstrained foreign-exchange bal- ances on a dozen major, long-term economics projects aimed at rice, sugar, and electrical production, transport and industrial growth. It also invested a considerable talent for engineering and administration, The fol- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD lowing, which I have from an American en- gineer in position to check on Nationalist statistics, are some of the results: Blectrical power production in excess of the peak achieved under Japan’s intensive development of Formosa. JUST SHORT Railway tonnages just short of the Japa- nese wartime peak. Restoration of war-hattered railways and rolling stock without the importation of & single piece of equipment. Threefold ,increase in the production of chemical fertilizers, with a correspanding re- duction of fertilizer imports. Rice and sugar production approaching the Japanese peak of 1,400,000 and 940,000 tons, respectively, for 1987. This year’s crop re- ports may equal or exceed those figures. Effective control of prices and currency. RENTS FORCED DOWN Meanwhile, the Government also has put through & thoroughgoing reduction of land rents for the predominantly agricultural island, and has expanded democratic proc- esses to municipal election levels. There ts no Communist problem itn For- mosa and little violence or any movement for Formosan independence. I witnessed widespread celebrations among both the native and mainland popu- lations when the Government initiated a limited army conscription program on For- mosa. The population of the island exceeds 7,000,000 counting an approximate 1,000,000 Chinese mainianders. Millions more would have come, if permitted, but Formosa could not have survived. The 500,000 Nationalist troops on the is- Jand by no means represents the maximum manpower at the disposal of Chiang Kai- shek, but with the civilians from the main- land provide the maximum weight of popu- lation thet Formosa can reasonably support, Under the direction of talented, American- educated Gen. Sun Li-jen, the half-million soldiers have been molded into a hard core of military strength which could be multi- plied by accretion of anti-Communist guer- rillas and regulate on the mainiand. The most recent official breakdown of anti-Communist guerrilla strength on the mainland came under a total of 1,614,000 an- nounced in November by the Ministry of Na- tional Defense in Taipeh. The bulk of this strength lay in southwest, central, southeast, and south China—more than 1,400,000. No one can confirm the figure. On the other hand, no one can deny it. Under able leadership and properly supplied it could be & major force in the Asiatic war against communism, Ambassador Myron M. Cowen EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH oy NEW YORE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, January 3, 1951 Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rrec- orD, I include the following editorial which appeared in the Manila Star Re- porter of Friday, December 8, 1950; AmMBagsADOR CowEN The decision of the State Department in Washington to retain Ambassador Myron M,