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forestry, environmental, economic, and other relevant
policies of the United States;
(5) a description of provisions in the Strategy
that ensure that it minimizes any adverse short-term
and long-term social, economic, national security,
and environmental impacts, including ensuring that
the Strategy is developed in an economically and en-
vironmentally sound manner;
(6) evidence that the Strategy has been developed
in a manner that provides for participation by, and
consultation among, Federal, State, tribal, and local
government agencies, nongovernmental organizations,
academia, scientific bodies, industry, the public, and
other interested parties;
(7) a description of Federal activities that pro-
mote, to the maximum extent practicable, public
awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to fur-
ther the understanding of the full range of climate
change-related issues; and
(8) recommendations for legislative or adminis-
trative changes to Federal programs or activities im-
plemented to carry out this Strategy, in light of new
knowledge of climate change and its impacts and
costs or benefits, or technological capacity to improve
mitigation or adaption activities.
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(c) UPDATES.—Not later than 4 years after the date
of submission of the Strategy to Congress under subsection
(b), and at the end of each 4-year period thereafter, the
President shall submit to Congress an updated version of
the Strategy.
(d) PROGRESS REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after
the date of submission of the Strategy to Congress under
subsection (b), and annually thereafter at the time that the
President submits to the Congress the budget of the United
States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United
States Code, the President shall submit to Congress a report
that—
(1) describes the Strategy, its goals, and the Fed-
eral programs and activities intended to carry out the
Strategy through technological, scientific, mitigation,
and adaptation activities;
(2) evaluates the Federal programs and activities
implemented as part of this Strategy against the
goals and implementation dates outlined in the Strat-
egy;
(3) assesses the progress in implementation of the
Strategy;
(4) incorporates the technology program reports
required pursuant to section 1015(a)(3) and sub-
sections (d) and (e) of section 1321;
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(5) describes any changes to Federal programs or
activities implemented to carry out this Strategy, in
light of new knowledge of climate change and its im-
pacts and costs or benefits, or technological capacity
to improve mitigation or adaptation activities;
(6) describes all Federal spending on climate
change for the current fiscal year and each of the 5
years previous; categorized by Federal agency and
program function (including scientific research, en-
ergy research and development, regulation, education,
and other activities);
(7) estimates the budgetary impact for the cur-
rent fiscal year and each of the 5 years previous of
any Federal tax credits, tax deductions or other in-
centives claimed by taxpayers that are directly or in-
directly attributable to greenhouse gas emissions re-
duction activities;
(8) estimates the amount, in metric tons, of net
greenhouse gas emissions reduced, avoided, or seques-
tered directly or indirectly as a result of the imple-
mentation of the Strategy;
(9) evaluates international research and develop-
ment and market-based activities and the mitigation
actions taken by the United States and other nations
to achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy; and
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(10) makes recommendations for legislative or
administrative actions or adjustments that will accel-
erate progress towards meeting the near-term and
long-term goals contained in the Strategy.
(e) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REVIEW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after
the date of publication of the Strategy under sub-
section (b) and each update under subsection (c), the
Director of the National Science Foundation, on be-
half of the Director of the White House Office and the
Interagency Task Force, shall enter into appropriate
arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences
to conduct a review of the Strategy or update.
(2) CRITERIA.—The review by the National
Academy of Sciences shall evaluate the goals and rec-
ommendations contained in the Strategy or update,
taking into consideration—
(A) the adequacy of effort and the appro-
priateness of focus of the totality of all public,
private, and public-private sector actions of the
United States with respect to the Strategy, in-
cluding the four key elements;
(B) the adequacy of the budget and the effec-
tiveness with which each Federal agency is car-
rying out its responsibilities;
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(C) current scientific knowledge regarding
climate change and its impacts;
(D) current understanding of human social
and economic responses to climate change, and
responses of natural ecosystems to climate
change;
(E) advancements in energy technologies
that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases
or otherwise mitigate the risks of climate change;
(F) current understanding of economic costs
and benefits of mitigation or adaptation activi-
ties;
(G) the existence of alternative policy op-
tions that could achieve the Strategy goals at
lower economic, environmental, or social cost;
and
(H) international activities and the actions
taken by the United States and other nations to
achieve the long-term goal of the Strategy.
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the
date of submittal to the Congress of the Strategy or
update, as appropriate, the National Academy of
Sciences shall prepare and submit to the Congress
and the President a report concerning the results of
its review, along with any recommendations as ap-
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propriate. Such report shall also be made available to
the public.
(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For
the purposes of this subsection, there are authorized to
be appropriated to the National Science Foundation
such sums as may be necessary.
SEC. 1014. OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within
the Executive Office of the President, the Office of Na-
tional Climate Change Policy.
(2) FOCUS.—The White House Office shall have
the focus of achieving the long-term goal of the Strat-
egy while minimizing adverse short-term and long-
term economic and social impacts.
(3) DUTIES.—Consistent with paragraph (2), the
White House Office shall—
(A) establish policies, objectives, and prior-
ities for the Strategy;
(B) in accordance with subsection (d), es-
tablish the Interagency Task Force to serve as the
primary mechanism through which the heads of
Federal agencies shall assist the Director of the
White House Office in developing and imple-
menting the Strategy;
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(C) to the maximum extent practicable, en-
sure that the Strategy is based on objective,
quantitative analysis, drawing on the analytical
capabilities of Federal and State agencies, espe-
cially the Department Office;
(D) advise the President concerning nec-
essary changes in organization, management,
budgeting, and personnel allocation of Federal
agencies involved in climate change response ac-
tivities; and
(E) advise the President and notify a Fed-
eral agency if the policies and discretionary pro-
grams of the agency are not well aligned with,
or are not contributing effectively to, the long-
term goal of the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The White House Office shall
be headed by a Director, who shall report directly to
the President, and shall consult with the appropriate
economic, environmental, national security, domestic
policy, science and technology and other offices with
the Executive Office of the President.
(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Director of the White
House Office shall be a qualified individual ap-
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pointed by the President, by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate.
(3) DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE WHITE
HOUSE OFFICE.—
(A) STRATEGY.—In accordance with section
1013, the Director of the White House Office
shall coordinate the development and updating of
the Strategy.
(B) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—The Di-
rector of the White House Office shall serve as
Chair of the Interagency Task Force.
(C) ADVISORY DUTIES.—
(i) 
ENERGY, 
ECONOMIC, 
ENVIRON-
MENTAL, 
TRANSPORTATION, 
INDUSTRIAL,
AGRICULTURAL, BUILDING, FORESTRY, AND
OTHER
PROGRAMS.—The Director of the
White House Office, using an integrated
perspective considering the totality of ac-
tions in the United States, shall advise the
President and the heads of Federal agencies
on—
(I) the extent to which United
States 
energy, 
economic, 
environ-
mental, transportation, industrial, ag-
ricultural, forestry, building, and other
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relevant programs are capable of pro-
ducing progress on the long-term goal
of the Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed
or newly created energy, economic, en-
vironmental, 
transportation, 
indus-
trial, agricultural, forestry, building,
and other relevant programs positively
or negatively affect the ability of the
United States to achieve the long-term
goal of the Strategy.
(ii) TAX, TRADE, AND FOREIGN POLI-
CIES.—The Director of the White House Of-
fice, using an integrated perspective consid-
ering the totality of actions in the United
States, shall advise the President and the
heads of Federal agencies on—
(I) the extent to which the United
States tax policy, trade policy, and
foreign policy are capable of producing
progress on the long-term goal of the
Strategy; and
(II) the extent to which proposed
or newly created tax policy, trade pol-
icy, and foreign policy positively or
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negatively affect the ability of the
United States to achieve the long-term
goal of the Strategy.
(iii) INTERNATIONAL
TREATIES.—The
Secretary of State, acting in conjunction
with the Interagency Task Force and using
the analytical tools available to the White
House Office, shall provide to the Director
of the White House Office an opinion that—
(I) specifies, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable, the economic and en-
vironmental costs and benefits of any
proposed international treaties or com-
ponents of treaties that have an influ-
ence on greenhouse gas management;
and
(II) assesses the extent to which
the treaties advance the long-term goal
of the Strategy, while minimizing ad-
verse short-term and long-term eco-
nomic and social impacts and consid-
ering other impacts.
(iv) CONSULTATION.—
(I) WITH
MEMBERS
OF
INTER-
AGENCY TASK FORCE.—To the extent
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practicable and appropriate, the Direc-
tor of the White House Office shall con-
sult with all members of the Inter-
agency Task Force before providing ad-
vice to the President.
(II) WITH
OTHER
INTERESTED
PARTIES.—The Director of the White
House Office shall establish a process
for obtaining the meaningful partici-
pation of Federal, State, tribal, and
local government agencies, nongovern-
mental organizations, academia, sci-
entific bodies, industry, the public, and
other interested parties in the develop-
ment and updating of the Strategy.
(D) PUBLIC EDUCATION, AWARENESS, OUT-
REACH, AND
INFORMATION-SHARING.—The Di-
rector of the White House Office, to the max-
imum extent practicable, shall promote public
awareness, outreach, and information-sharing to
further the understanding of the full range of cli-
mate change-related issues.
(4) ANNUAL
REPORTS.—The Director of the
White House Office, in consultation with the Inter-
agency Task Force and other interested parties, shall
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prepare the annual reports for submission by the
President to Congress under section 1013(d).
(5) ANALYSIS.—During development of the
Strategy, preparation of the annual reports submitted
under paragraph (4), and provision of advice to the
President and the heads of Federal agencies, the Di-
rector of the White House Office shall place signifi-
cant emphasis on the use of objective, quantitative
analysis, taking into consideration any uncertainties
associated with the analysis.
(c) STAFF.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director of the White
House Office shall employ a professional staff, includ-
ing the staff appointed under paragraph (2), of not
more than 25 individuals to carry out the duties of
the White House Office.
(2) INTERGOVERNMENTAL PERSONNEL AND FEL-
LOWSHIPS.—The Director of the White House Office
may use the authority provided by the Intergovern-
mental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.)
and subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United
States Code, and fellowships, to obtain staff from Fed-
eral agencies, academia, scientific bodies, or a Na-
tional Laboratory (as that term is defined in section
1203), for appointments of a limited term.
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(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) USE OF AVAILABLE APPROPRIATIONS.—From
funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal
year in which this title is enacted, the President shall
provide such sums as are necessary to carry out the
duties of the White House Office under this title until
the date on which funds are made available under
paragraph (2).
(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Execu-
tive Office of the President to carry out the duties of
the White House Office under this subtitle, $5,000,000
for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain
available through September 30, 2011.
(e) INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director of the White
House Office shall establish the Interagency Task
Force.
(2) COMPOSITION.—The Interagency Task Force
shall be composed of—
(A) the Director of the White House Office,
who shall serve as Chair;
(B) the Secretary of State;
(C) the Secretary of Energy;
(D) the Secretary of Commerce;
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(E) the Secretary of Transportation;
(F) the Secretary of Agriculture;
(G) the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency;
(H) the Chairman of the Council of Eco-
nomic Advisers;
(I) the Chairman of the Council on Envi-
ronmental Quality;
(J) the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy;
(K) the Director of the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget; and
(L) the heads of such other Federal agencies
as the President considers appropriate.
(3) STRATEGY.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Interagency Task
Force shall serve as the primary forum through
which the Federal agencies represented on the
Interagency Task Force jointly assist the Direc-
tor of the White House Office in—
(i) developing and updating the Strat-
egy; and
(ii) preparing annual reports under
section 1013(d).
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(B) REQUIRED
ELEMENTS.—In carrying
out subparagraph (A), the Interagency Task
Force shall—
(i) take into account the long-term goal
and other requirements of the Strategy spec-
ified in section 1013(a);
(ii) consult with State, tribal, and
local government agencies, nongovernmental
organizations, academia, scientific bodies,
industry, the public, and other interested
parties; and
(iii) build consensus around a Strategy
that is based on strong scientific, technical,
and economic analyses.
(4) WORKING GROUPS.—The Chair, in consulta-
tion with the members of the Interagency Task Force,
may establish such topical working groups as are nec-
essary to carry out the duties of the Interagency Task
Force and implement the Strategy, taking into con-
sideration the key elements of the Strategy. Such
working groups may be comprised of members of the
Interagency Task Force or their designees.
(f) STAFF.—In accordance with procedures established
by the Chair of the Interagency Task Force, the Federal
agencies represented on the Interagency Task Force shall
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provide staff from the agencies to support information, data
collection, and analyses required by the Interagency Task
Force.
(g) HEARINGS.—Upon request of the Chair, the Inter-
agency Task Force may hold such hearings, meet and act
at such times and places, take such testimony, and receive
such evidence as the Interagency Task Force considers to
be appropriate.
SEC. 1015. OFFICE OF CLIMATE CHANGE TECHNOLOGY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established, within
the Department, the Office of Climate Change Tech-
nology.
(2) DUTIES.—The Department Office shall—
(A) manage an energy technology research
and development program that directly supports
the Strategy by—
(i) focusing on high-risk, bold, break-
through technologies that—
(I) have significant promise of
contributing to the long-term goal of
the Strategy by—
(aa) mitigating the emissions
of greenhouse gases;
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(bb) removing and seques-
tering greenhouse gases from emis-
sion streams; or
(cc) removing and seques-
tering greenhouse gases from the
atmosphere;
(II) are not being addressed sig-
nificantly by other Federal programs;
and
(III) would represent a substan-
tial advance beyond technology avail-
able on the date of enactment of this
subtitle;
(ii) forging fundamentally new re-
search and development partnerships among
various Department, other Federal, and
State programs, particularly between basic
science and energy technology programs, in
cases in which such partnerships have sig-
nificant potential to affect the ability of the
United States to achieve the long-term goal
of the Strategy at the lowest possible cost;
(iii) forging international research and
development partnerships that are in the
interests of the United States and make
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progress on achieving the long-term goal of
the Strategy;
(iv) making available, through moni-
toring, experimentation, and analysis, data
that are essential to proving the technical
and economic viability of technology central
to addressing climate change; and
(v) transferring research and develop-
ment programs to other program offices of
the Department once such a research and
development program crosses the threshold
of high-risk research and moves into the
realm of more conventional technology de-
velopment;
(B) through active participation in the
Interagency Task Force and utilization of the
analytical capabilities of the Department Office,
share analyses of alternative climate change
strategies with other agencies represented on the
Interagency Task Force to assist them in
understanding—
(i) the scale of the climate change chal-
lenge; and
(ii) how actions of the Federal agencies
on the Interagency Task Force positively or
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negatively contribute to climate change so-
lutions;
(C) provide analytical support to the White
House Office, particularly in support of the de-
velopment of the Strategy and associated
progress reporting;
(D) foster the development of tools, data,
and capabilities to ensure that—
(i) the United States has a robust ca-
pability for evaluating alternative climate
change response scenarios; and
(ii) the Department Office provides
long-term analytical continuity during the
terms of service of successive Presidents;
(E) identify the total contribution of all De-
partment programs to the Strategy; and
(F) advise the Secretary on all aspects of
climate change-related issues, including nec-
essary changes in Department organization,
management, budgeting, and personnel alloca-
tion in the programs involved in climate change
response-related activities.
(3) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Department Office
shall prepare an annual report for submission by the
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Secretary to Congress and the White House Office
that—
(A) assesses progress toward meeting the
goals of the energy technology research and devel-
opment program described in this section;
(B) assesses the activities of the Department
Office;
(C) assesses the contributions of all energy
technology research and development programs of
the Department (including science programs) to
the long-term goal and other requirements of the
Strategy; and
(D) make recommendations for actions by
the Department and other Federal agencies to
address the components of technology develop-
ment that are necessary to support the Strategy.
(b) DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OFFICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall
be headed by a Director, who shall be a qualified in-
dividual appointed by the President, and who shall be
compensated at a rate provided for level IV of the Ex-
ecutive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United
States Code.
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(2) REPORTING.—The Director of the Depart-
ment Office shall report directly to the Under Sec-
retary for Energy and Science.
(3) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the position of
the Director of the Department Office shall be filled
in the same manner as the original appointment was
made.
(c) INTERGOVERNMENTAL PERSONNEL.—The Depart-
ment Office may use the authority provided by the Intergov-
ernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4701 et seq.),
subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code,
and other departmental personnel authorities, to obtain
staff for appointments of a limited term.
(d) RELATIONSHIP
TO OTHER DEPARTMENT PRO-
GRAMS.—Each project carried out by the Department Office
shall be—
(1) initiated only after consultation with one or
more other appropriate program offices of the Depart-
ment that support research and development in the
areas relating to the project;
(2) managed by the Department Office; and
(3) in the case of a project that reaches a suffi-
cient level of maturity, with the concurrence of the
Department Office and the appropriate office de-
scribed in paragraph (1), transferred to the appro-
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priate office, along with the funds necessary to con-
tinue the project to the point at which non-Federal
funding can provide substantial support for the
project.
(e) COLLABORATION AND COST SHARING.—
(1) WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Projects
supported by the Department Office may include par-
ticipation of, and be supported by, other Federal
agencies that have a role in the development, commer-
cialization, or transfer of energy, transportation, in-
dustrial, agricultural, forestry, or other climate
change-related technology.
(2) WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section
1403, the Department Office shall create an oper-
ating model that allows for collaboration, divi-
sion of effort, and cost sharing with industry on
individual climate change response projects.
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—Although cost shar-
ing in some cases may be appropriate, the De-
partment Office shall focus on long-term high-
risk research and development and should not
make industrial partnerships or cost sharing a
requirement, if such a requirement would bias
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the activities of the Department Office toward
incremental innovations.
(C) REEVALUATION ON TRANSFER.—At such
time as any bold, breakthrough research and de-
velopment program reaches a sufficient level of
technological maturity such that the program is
transferred to a program office of the Depart-
ment other than the Department Office, the cost-
sharing requirements and criteria applicable to
the program shall be reevaluated.
(D) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—
Each cost-sharing agreement entered into under
this paragraph shall be published in the Federal
Register.
(f) ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office shall
foster the development and application of advanced
computational tools, data, and capabilities that, to-
gether with the capabilities of other Federal agencies,
support integrated assessment of alternative climate
change response scenarios and implementation of the
Strategy.
(2) PROGRAMS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office
shall—
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(i) develop and maintain core analyt-
ical competencies and complex, integrated
computational modeling capabilities that,
together with the capabilities of other Fed-
eral agencies, are necessary to support the
design and implementation of the Strategy;
and
(ii) track United States and inter-
national progress toward the long-term goal
of the Strategy.
(B) INTERNATIONAL CARBON DIOXIDE SE-
QUESTRATION
MONITORING
AND
DATA
PRO-
GRAM.—In consultation with Federal, State,
academic, scientific, private sector, nongovern-
mental, tribal, and international carbon capture
and sequestration technology programs, the De-
partment Office shall design and carry out an
international carbon dioxide sequestration moni-
toring and data program to collect, analyze, and
make available the technical and economic data
to ascertain—
(i) whether engineered sequestration
and terrestrial sequestration will be accept-
able technologies from regulatory, economic,
and international perspectives;
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(ii) whether carbon dioxide sequestered
in geological formations or ocean systems is
stable and has inconsequential leakage rates
on a geologic time-scale; and
(iii) the extent to which forest, agricul-
tural, and other terrestrial systems are suit-
able carbon sinks.
(3) AREAS OF EXPERTISE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Department Office
shall develop and maintain expertise in inte-
grated assessment, modeling, and related capa-
bilities necessary—
(i) to understand the relationship be-
tween natural, agricultural, industrial, en-
ergy, and economic systems;
(ii) to design effective research and de-
velopment programs; and
(iii) to assist with the development and
implementation of the Strategy.
(B) TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER
AND
DIFFU-
SION.—The expertise described in clause (i) shall
include knowledge of technology transfer and
technology diffusion in United States and for-
eign markets.
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(4) DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION.—The De-
partment Office shall ensure, to the maximum extent
practicable, that technical and scientific knowledge re-
lating to greenhouse gas emission reduction, avoid-
ance, and sequestration is broadly disseminated
through publications, fellowships, and training pro-
grams.
(5) ASSESSMENTS.—In a manner consistent
with the Strategy, the Department shall conduct as-
sessments of deployment of climate-friendly tech-
nology.
(6) ANALYSIS.—During development of the
Strategy, annual reports submitted under subsection
(a)(3), and advice to the Secretary, the Director of the
Department Office shall place significant emphasis on
the use of objective, quantitative analysis, taking into
consideration any associated uncertainties.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) USE OF AVAILABLE APPROPRIATIONS.—From
funds made available to Federal agencies for the fiscal
year in which this subtitle is enacted, the President
shall provide such sums as are necessary to carry out
the duties of the Department Office under this subtitle
until the date on which funds are made available
under paragraph (2).
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(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary, to carry out the duties of the Department Of-
fice under this subtitle, $4,750,000,000 for the period
of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available
through September 30, 2011.
(3) ADDITONAL AMOUNTS.—Amounts authorized
to be appropriated under this section shall be in addi-
tion to—
(A) amounts made available to carry out
the United States Global Change Research Pro-
gram under the Global Change Research Act of
1990 (15 U.S.C. 2921 et seq.); and
(B) amounts made available under other
provisions of law for energy research and devel-
opment.
SEC. 1016. ADDITIONAL OFFICES AND ACTIVITIES.
The Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Trans-
portation, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of
other Federal agencies may establish such offices and carry
out such activities, in addition to those established or au-
thorized by this Act, as are necessary to carry out this Act.
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Subtitle C—Science and Technology
Policy
SEC. 1021. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE OFFICE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY.
Section 101(b) of the National Science and Technology
Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C.
6601(b)) is amended—
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (7) through (13)
as paragraphs (8) through (14), respectively; and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(7) improving efforts to understand, assess, pre-
dict, mitigate, and respond to global climate change;’’.
SEC. 1022. DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECH-
NOLOGY POLICY FUNCTIONS.
(a) 
ADVISE
PRESIDENT
ON
GLOBAL
CLIMATE
CHANGE.—Section 204(b)(1) of the National Science and
Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of
1976 (42 U.S.C. 6613(b)(1)) is amended by inserting ‘‘glob-
al climate change,’’ after ‘‘to,’’.
(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLI-
MATE CHANGE POLICY.—Section 207 of that Act (42 U.S.C.
6616) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as
subsections (c) and (d), respectively; and
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(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(b) ADVISE DIRECTOR OF OFFICE OF NATIONAL CLI-
MATE CHANGE POLICY.—In carrying out this Act, the Di-
rector shall advise the Director of the Office of National Cli-
mate Change Policy on matters concerning science and tech-
nology as they relate to global climate change.’’.
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous
Provisions
SEC. 1031. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR REGULATORY
REVIEW.
In each case that an agency prepares and submits a
Statement of Energy Effects pursuant to Executive Order
13211 of May 18, 2001 (relating to actions concerning regu-
lations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution,
or use), the agency shall also submit an estimate of the
change in net annual greenhouse gas emissions resulting
from the proposed significant energy action and any rea-
sonable alternatives to the action.
SEC. 1032. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM FEDERAL
FACILITIES.
(a) METHODOLOGY.—Not later than 1 year after the
date of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Energy,
Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, and Ad-
ministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency shall
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publish a jointly developed methodology for preparing esti-
mates of annual net greenhouse gas emissions from all fed-
erally owned, leased, or operated facilities and emission
sources, including stationary, mobile, and indirect emis-
sions as may be determined to be feasible.
(b) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 18 months after the
date of enactment of this section, and annually thereafter,
the Secretary of Energy shall publish an estimate of annual
net greenhouse gas emissions from all federally owned,
leased, or operated facilities and emission sources, using the
methodology published under subsection (a).
TITLE XI—NATIONAL
GREENHOUSE GAS DATABASE
SEC. 1101. PURPOSE.
The purpose of this title is to establish a greenhouse
gas inventory, reductions registry, and information system
that—
(1) are complete, consistent, transparent, and ac-
curate;
(2) will create reliable and accurate data that
can be used by public and private entities to design
efficient and effective greenhouse gas emission reduc-
tion strategies; and
(3) will acknowledge and encourage greenhouse
gas emission reductions.
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SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) 
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
term 
‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
(2) BASELINE.—The term ‘‘baseline’’ means the
historic greenhouse gas emission levels of an entity, as
adjusted upward by the designated agency to reflect
actual reductions that are verified in accordance
with—
(A) regulations promulgated under section
1104(c)(1); and
(B) relevant standards and methods devel-
oped under this title.
(3) DATABASE.—The term ‘‘database’’ means the
National Greenhouse Gas Database established under
section 1104.
(4) DESIGNATED
AGENCY.—The term ‘‘des-
ignated agency’’ means a department or agency to
which responsibility for a function or program is as-
signed under the memorandum of agreement entered
into under section 1103(a).
(5) DIRECT EMISSIONS.—The term ‘‘direct emis-
sions’’ means greenhouse gas emissions by an entity
from a facility that is owned or controlled by that en-
tity.
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(6) ENTITY.—The term ‘‘entity’’ means—
(A) a person located in the United States;
or
(B) a public or private entity, to the extent
that the entity operates in the United States.
(7) FACILITY.—The term ‘‘facility’’ means—
(A) all buildings, structures, or installations
located on any 1 or more contiguous or adjacent
properties of an entity in the United States; and
(B) a fleet of 20 or more motor vehicles
under the common control of an entity.
(8) GREENHOUSE GAS.—The term ‘‘greenhouse
gas’’ means—
(A) carbon dioxide;
(B) methane;
(C) nitrous oxide;
(D) hydrofluorocarbons;
(E) perfluorocarbons;
(F) sulfur hexafluoride; and
(G) any other anthropogenic climate-forcing
emissions with significant ascertainable global
warming potential, as—
(i) recommended by the National Acad-
emy of Sciences under section 1107(b)(3);
and
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(ii) determined in regulations promul-
gated under section 1104(c)(1) (or revisions
to the regulations) to be appropriate and
practicable for coverage under this title.
(9) INDIRECT EMISSIONS.—The term ‘‘indirect
emissions’’ means greenhouse gas emissions that—
(A) are a result of the activities of an enti-
ty; but
(B)(i) are emitted from a facility owned or
controlled by another entity; and
(ii) are not reported as direct emissions by
the entity the activities of which resulted in the
emissions.
(10) REGISTRY.—The term ‘‘registry’’ means the
registry of greenhouse gas emission reductions estab-
lished as a component of the database under section
1104(b)(2).
(11) SEQUESTRATION.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘sequestra-
tion’’ means the capture, long-term separation,
isolation, or removal of greenhouse gases from the
atmosphere.
(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘sequestration’’
includes—
(i) soil carbon sequestration;
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(ii) 
agricultural 
and 
conservation
practices;
(iii) reforestation;
(iv) forest preservation;
(v) maintenance of an underground
reservoir; and
(vi) any other appropriate biological
or geological method of capture, isolation, or
removal of greenhouse gases from the atmos-
phere, as determined by the Administrator.
SEC. 1103. ESTABLISHMENT OF MEMORANDUM OF AGREE-
MENT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this Act, the President, acting through the
Director of the Office of National Climate Change Policy,
shall direct the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Com-
merce, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Trans-
portation, and the Administrator to enter into a memo-
randum of agreement under which those heads of Federal
agencies will—
(1) recognize and maintain statutory and regu-
latory authorities, functions, and programs that—
(A) are established as of the date of enact-
ment of this Act under other law;
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(B) provide for the collection of data relat-
ing to greenhouse gas emissions and effects; and
(C) are necessary for the operation of the
database;
(2)(A) distribute additional responsibilities and
activities identified under this title to Federal depart-
ments or agencies in accordance with the missions
and expertise of those departments and agencies; and
(B) maximize the use of available resources of
those departments and agencies; and
(3) provide for the comprehensive collection and
analysis of data on greenhouse gas emissions relating
to product use (including the use of fossil fuels and
energy-consuming appliances and vehicles).
(b) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS.—The memorandum of
agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall, at a min-
imum, retain the following functions for the designated
agencies:
(1) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY.—The Secretary of
Energy shall be primarily responsible for developing,
maintaining, and verifying the registry and the emis-
sion reductions reported under section 1605(b) of the
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13385(b)).
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(2) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.—The Secretary
of Commerce shall be primarily responsible for the de-
velopment of—
(A) measurement standards for the moni-
toring of emissions; and
(B) verification technologies and methods to
ensure the maintenance of a consistent and tech-
nically accurate record of emissions, emission re-
ductions, and atmospheric concentrations of
greenhouse gases for the database.
(3) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY.—The
Administrator shall be primarily responsible for—
(A) emissions monitoring, measurement,
verification, and data collection under this title
and title IV (relating to acid deposition control)
and title VIII of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C.
7651 et seq.), including mobile source emissions
information from implementation of the cor-
porate average fuel economy program under
chapter 329 of title 49, United States Code; and
(B) responsibilities of the Environmental
Protection Agency relating to completion of the
national inventory for compliance with the
United Nations Framework Convention on Cli-
mate Change, done at New York on May 9, 1992.
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(4) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.—The Sec-
retary of Agriculture shall be primarily responsible
for—
(A) developing measurement techniques
for—
(i) soil carbon sequestration; and
(ii) forest preservation and reforest-
ation activities; and
(B) providing technical advice relating to
biological carbon sequestration measurement and
verification standards for measuring greenhouse
gas emission reductions or offsets.
(c) DRAFT MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT.—Not later
than 15 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the
President, acting through the Director of the Office of Na-
tional Climate Change Policy, shall publish in the Federal
Register, and solicit comments on, a draft version of the
memorandum of agreement described in subsection (a).
(d) NO JUDICIAL REVIEW.—The final version of the
memorandum of agreement shall not be subject to judicial
review.
SEC. 1104. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS DATABASE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—As soon as practicable after the
date of enactment of this Act, the designated agencies, in
consultation with the private sector and nongovernmental
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organizations, shall jointly establish, operate, and maintain
a database, to be known as the ‘‘National Greenhouse Gas
Database’’, to collect, verify, and analyze information on
greenhouse gas emissions by entities.
(b) NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS DATABASE COMPO-
NENTS.—The database shall consist of—
(1) an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions;
and
(2) a registry of greenhouse gas emission reduc-
tions.
(c) COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after
the date of enactment of this Act, the designated agen-
cies shall jointly promulgate regulations to implement
a comprehensive system for greenhouse gas emissions
reporting, inventorying, and reductions registration.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The designated agencies
shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable,
that—
(A) the comprehensive system described in
paragraph (1) is designed to—
(i) 
maximize 
completeness, 
trans-
parency, and accuracy of information re-
ported; and
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(ii) minimize costs incurred by entities
in measuring and reporting greenhouse gas
emissions; and
(B) the regulations promulgated under
paragraph (1) establish procedures and protocols
necessary—
(i) to prevent the reporting of some or
all of the same greenhouse gas emissions or
emission reductions by more than 1 report-
ing entity;
(ii) to provide for corrections to errors
in data submitted to the database;
(iii) to provide for adjustment to data
by reporting entities that have had a sig-
nificant organizational change (including
mergers, acquisitions, and divestiture), in
order to maintain comparability among
data in the database over time;
(iv) to provide for adjustments to re-
flect new technologies or methods for meas-
uring or calculating greenhouse gas emis-
sions; and
(v) to account for changes in registra-
tion of ownership of emission reductions re-
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sulting from a voluntary private trans-
action between reporting entities.
(3) BASELINE
IDENTIFICATION
AND
PROTEC-
TION.—Through regulations promulgated under para-
graph (1), the designated agencies shall develop and
implement a system that provides—
(A) for the provision of unique serial num-
bers to identify the verified emission reductions
made by an entity relative to the baseline of the
entity;
(B) for the tracking of the reductions associ-
ated with the serial numbers; and
(C) that the reductions may be applied, as
determined to be appropriate by any Act of Con-
gress enacted after the date of enactment of this
Act, toward a Federal requirement under such
an Act that is imposed on the entity for the pur-
pose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
SEC. 1105. GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION REPORTING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—An entity that participates in the
registry shall meet the requirements described in subsection
(b).
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The requirements referred to
in subsection (a) are that an entity (other than an
entity described in paragraph (2)) shall—
(A) establish a baseline (including all of the
entity’s greenhouse gas emissions on an entity-
wide basis); and
(B) submit the report described in sub-
section (c)(1).
(2) REQUIREMENTS
APPLICABLE
TO
ENTITIES
ENTERING INTO CERTAIN AGREEMENTS.—An entity
that enters into an agreement with a participant in
the registry for the purpose of a carbon sequestration
project shall not be required to comply with the re-
quirements specified in paragraph (1) unless that en-
tity is required to comply with the requirements by
reason of an activity other than the agreement.
(c) REPORTS.—
(1) REQUIRED REPORT.—Not later than April 1
of the third calendar year that begins after the date
of enactment of this Act, and not later than April 1
of each calendar year thereafter, subject to paragraph
(3), an entity described in subsection (a) shall submit
to each appropriate designated agency a report that
describes, for the preceding calendar year, the entity-
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wide greenhouse gas emissions (as reported at the fa-
cility level), including—
(A) the total quantity of each greenhouse
gas emitted, expressed in terms of mass and in
terms of the quantity of carbon dioxide equiva-
lent;
(B) an estimate of the greenhouse gas emis-
sions from fossil fuel combusted by products
manufactured and sold by the entity in the pre-
vious calendar year, determined over the average
lifetime of those products; and
(C) such other categories of emissions as the
designated agency determines in the regulations
promulgated under section 1104(c)(1) may be
practicable and useful for the purposes of this
title, such as—
(i) direct emissions from stationary
sources;
(ii) indirect emissions from imported
electricity, heat, and steam;
(iii) process and fugitive emissions;
and
(iv) production or importation of
greenhouse gases.
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(2) VOLUNTARY
REPORTING.—An entity de-
scribed in subsection (a) may (along with establishing
a baseline and reporting reductions under this sec-
tion)—
(A) submit a report described in paragraph
(1) before the date specified in that paragraph
for the purposes of achieving and commoditizing
greenhouse gas reductions through use of the reg-
istry; and
(B) submit to any designated agency, for
inclusion in the registry, information that has
been verified in accordance with regulations pro-
mulgated under section 1104(c)(1) and that re-
lates to—
(i) with respect to the calendar year
preceding the calendar year in which the
information is submitted, and with respect
to any greenhouse gas emitted by the
entity—
(I) project reductions from facili-
ties owned or controlled by the report-
ing entity in the United States;
(II) transfers of project reductions
to and from any other entity;
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(III) project reductions and trans-
fers of project reductions outside the
United States;
(IV) other indirect emissions that
are not required to be reported under
paragraph (1); and
(V) product use phase emissions;
(ii) with respect to greenhouse gas
emission reductions activities of the entity
that have been carried out during or after
1990, verified in accordance with regula-
tions promulgated under section 1104(c)(1),
and submitted to 1 or more designated
agencies before the date that is 4 years after
the date of enactment of this Act, any green-
house gas emission reductions that have
been reported or submitted by an entity
under—
(I) section 1605(b) of the Energy
Policy 
Act 
of 
1992 
(42 
U.S.C.
13385(b)); or
(II) any other Federal or State
voluntary greenhouse gas reduction
program; and
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(iii) any project or activity for the re-
duction of greenhouse gas emissions or se-
questration of a greenhouse gas that is car-
ried out by the entity, including a project
or activity relating to—
(I) fuel switching;
(II) energy efficiency improve-
ments;
(III) use of renewable energy;
(IV) use of combined heat and
power systems;
(V) 
management 
of 
cropland,
grassland, or grazing land;
(VI) a forestry activity that in-
creases forest carbon stocks or reduces
forest carbon emissions;
(VII) carbon capture and storage;
(VIII) methane recovery;
(IX) greenhouse gas offset invest-
ment; and
(X) any other practice for achiev-
ing greenhouse gas reductions as recog-
nized by 1 or more designated agencies.
(3) EXEMPTIONS FROM REPORTING.—
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(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Director of the Of-
fice of National Climate Change Policy deter-
mines under section 1108(b) that the reporting
requirements under paragraph (1) shall apply to
all entities (other than entities exempted by this
paragraph), regardless of participation or non-
participation in the registry, an entity shall be
required to submit reports under paragraph (1)
only if, in any calendar year after the date of
enactment of this Act—
(i) the total greenhouse gas emissions
of at least 1 facility owned by the entity ex-
ceeds 10,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (or such greater quantity as may
be established by a designated agency by
regulation); or
(ii)(I) the total quantity of greenhouse
gases produced, distributed, or imported by
the entity exceeds 10,000 metric tons of car-
bon dioxide equivalent (or such greater
quantity as may be established by a des-
ignated agency by regulation); and
(II) the entity is not a feedlot or other
farming operation (as defined in section
101 of title 11, United States Code).
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(B) ENTITIES ALREADY REPORTING.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—An entity that, as of
the date of enactment of this Act, is re-
quired to report carbon dioxide emissions
data to a Federal agency shall not be re-
quired to re-report that data for the pur-
poses of this title.
(ii) REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION.—For
the purpose of section 1108, emissions re-
ported under clause (i) shall be considered
to be reported by the entity to the registry.
(4) PROVISION OF VERIFICATION INFORMATION
BY REPORTING ENTITIES.—Each entity that submits
a report under this subsection shall provide informa-
tion sufficient for each designated agency to which the
report is submitted to verify, in accordance with
measurement and verification methods and standards
developed under section 1106, that the greenhouse gas
report of the reporting entity—
(A) has been accurately reported; and
(B) in the case of each voluntary report
under paragraph (2), represents—
(i) actual reductions in direct green-
house gas emissions—
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(I) relative to historic emission
levels of the entity; and
(II) net of any increases in—
(aa) direct emissions; and
(bb) indirect emissions de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(C)(ii);
or
(ii) actual increases in net sequestra-
tion.
(5) FAILURE
TO
SUBMIT
REPORT.—An entity
that participates or has participated in the registry
and that fails to submit a report required under this
subsection shall be prohibited from including emission
reductions reported to the registry in the calculation
of the baseline of the entity in future years.
(6) 
INDEPENDENT
THIRD-PARTY
VERIFICA-
TION.—To meet the requirements of this section and
section 1106, a entity that is required to submit a re-
port under this section may—
(A) 
obtain 
independent 
third-party
verification; and
(B) present the results of the third-party
verification to each appropriate designated agen-
cy.
(7) AVAILABILITY OF DATA.—
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The designated agencies
shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable,
that information in the database is—
(i) published;
(ii) accessible to the public; and
(iii) made available in electronic for-
mat on the Internet.
(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) shall
not apply in any case in which the designated
agencies determine that publishing or otherwise
making available information described in that
subparagraph poses a risk to national security.
(8) DATA
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The designated
agencies shall ensure, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, that the database uses, and is integrated with,
Federal, State, and regional greenhouse gas data col-
lection and reporting systems in effect as of the date
of enactment of this Act.
(9) ADDITIONAL ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED.—
In promulgating the regulations under section
1104(c)(1) and implementing the database, the des-
ignated agencies shall take into consideration a broad
range of issues involved in establishing an effective
database, including—
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(A) the appropriate units for reporting each
greenhouse gas;
(B) the data and information systems and
measures necessary to identify, track, and verify
greenhouse gas emission reductions in a manner
that will encourage the development of private
sector trading and exchanges;
(C) the greenhouse gas reduction and se-
questration methods and standards applied in
other countries, as applicable or relevant;
(D) the extent to which available fossil fuels,
greenhouse gas emissions, and greenhouse gas
production and importation data are adequate
to implement the database;
(E) the differences in, and potential unique-
ness of, the facilities, operations, and business
and other relevant practices of persons and enti-
ties in the private and public sectors that may
be expected to participate in the registry; and
(F) the need of the registry to maintain
valid and reliable information on baselines of en-
tities so that, in the event of any future action
by Congress to require entities, individually or
collectively, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
Congress will be able—
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(i) to take into account that informa-
tion; and
(ii) to avoid enacting legislation that
penalizes entities for achieving and report-
ing reductions.
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—The designated agencies shall
jointly publish an annual report that—
(1) describes the total greenhouse gas emissions
and emission reductions reported to the database dur-
ing the year covered by the report;
(2) provides entity-by-entity and sector-by-sector
analyses of the emissions and emission reductions re-
ported;
(3) describes the atmospheric concentrations of
greenhouse gases; and
(4) provides a comparison of current and past
atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
SEC. 1106. MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION.
(a) STANDARDS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the designated agen-
cies shall jointly develop comprehensive measurement
and verification methods and standards to ensure a
consistent and technically accurate record of green-
house gas emissions, emission reductions, sequestra-
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tion, and atmospheric concentrations for use in the
registry.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The methods and stand-
ards developed under paragraph (1) shall address the
need for—
(A) 
standardized 
measurement 
and
verification practices for reports made by all en-
tities participating in the registry, taking into
account—
(i) protocols and standards in use by
entities desiring to participate in the reg-
istry as of the date of development of the
methods and standards under paragraph
(1);
(ii) boundary issues, such as leakage
and shifted use;
(iii) avoidance of double counting of
greenhouse gas emissions and emission re-
ductions; and
(iv) such other factors as the des-
ignated agencies determine to be appro-
priate;
(B) measurement and verification of actions
taken to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse
gas emissions;
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(C) in coordination with the Secretary of
Agriculture, measurement of the results of the use
of carbon sequestration and carbon recapture
technologies, including—
(i) organic soil carbon sequestration
practices; and
(ii) forest preservation and reforest-
ation activities that adequately address the
issues 
of 
permanence, 
leakage, 
and
verification;
(D) 
such 
other 
measurement 
and
verification standards as the Secretary of Com-
merce, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Adminis-
trator, and the Secretary of Energy determine to
be appropriate; and
(E) other factors that, as determined by the
designated agencies, will allow entities to ade-
quately establish a fair and reliable measure-
ment and reporting system.
(b) REVIEW AND REVISION.—The designated agencies
shall periodically review, and revise as necessary, the meth-
ods and standards developed under subsection (a).
(c) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION.—The Secretary of Com-
merce shall—
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(1) make available to the public for comment, in
draft form and for a period of at least 90 days, the
methods and standards developed under subsection
(a); and
(2) after the 90-day period referred to in para-
graph (1), in coordination with the Secretary of En-
ergy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Adminis-
trator, adopt the methods and standards developed
under subsection (a) for use in implementing the
database.
(d) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The designated agencies may
obtain the services of experts and consultants in the
private and nonprofit sectors in accordance with sec-
tion 3109 of title 5, United States Code, in the areas
of greenhouse gas measurement, certification, and
emission trading.
(2) AVAILABLE
ARRANGEMENTS.—In obtaining
any service described in paragraph (1), the designated
agencies may use any available grant, contract, coop-
erative agreement, or other arrangement authorized
by law.
SEC. 1107. INDEPENDENT REVIEWS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, and every 3 years thereafter,
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the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit
to Congress a report that—
(1) describes the efficacy of the implementation
and operation of the database; and
(2) includes any recommendations for improve-
ments to this title and programs carried out under
this title—
(A) to achieve a consistent and technically
accurate record of greenhouse gas emissions,
emission reductions, and atmospheric concentra-
tions; and
(B) to achieve the purposes of this title.
(b) REVIEW
OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS.—The des-
ignated agencies shall enter into an agreement with the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences under which the National Acad-
emy of Sciences shall—
(1) review the scientific methods, assumptions,
and standards used by the designated agencies in im-
plementing this title;
(2) not later than 4 years after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, submit to Congress a report that de-
scribes any recommendations for improving—
(A) those methods and standards; and
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(B) related elements of the programs, and
structure of the database, established by this title;
and
(3) regularly review and update as appropriate
the list of anthropogenic climate-forcing emissions
with significant global warming potential described
in section 1102(8)(G).
SEC. 1108. REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
National Climate Change Policy shall determine whether
the reports submitted to the registry under section
1105(c)(1) represent less than 60 percent of the national
aggregate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
(b) INCREASED APPLICABILITY OF REQUIREMENTS.—
If the Director of the Office of National Climate Change
Policy determines under subsection (a) that less than 60
percent of the aggregate national anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions are being reported to the registry—
(1) the reporting requirements under section
1105(c)(1) shall apply to all entities (except entities
exempted under section 1105(c)(3)), regardless of any
participation or nonparticipation by the entities in
the registry; and
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(2) each entity shall submit a report described in
section 1105(c)(1)—
(A) not later than the earlier of—
(i) April 30 of the calendar year im-
mediately following the year in which the
Director of the Office of National Climate
Change Policy makes the determination
under subsection (a); or
(ii) the date that is 1 year after the
date on which the Director of the Office of
National Climate Change Policy makes the
determination under subsection (a); and
(B) annually thereafter.
(c) RESOLUTION OF DISAPPROVAL.—For the purposes
of this section, the determination of the Director of the Of-
fice of National Climate Change Policy under subsection (a)
shall be considered to be a major rule (as defined in section
804(2) of title 5, United States Code) subject to the congres-
sional disapproval procedure under section 802 of title 5,
United States Code.
SEC. 1109. ENFORCEMENT.
If an entity that is required to report greenhouse gas
emissions under section 1105(c)(1) or 1108 fails to comply
with that requirement, the Attorney General may, at the
request of the designated agencies, bring a civil action in
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United States district court against the entity to impose
on the entity a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for
each day for which the entity fails to comply with that re-
quirement.
SEC. 1110. REPORT ON STATUTORY CHANGES AND HARMO-
NIZATION.
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the President shall submit to Congress a report
that describes any modifications to this title or any other
provision of law that are necessary to improve the accuracy
or operation of the database and related programs under
this title.
SEC. 1111. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as
are necessary to carry out this title.
DIVISION 
E—ENHANCING 
RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
TRAINING
TITLE XII—ENERGY RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.
This division may be cited as the ‘‘Energy Science and
Technology Enhancement Act of 2002’’.
SEC. 1202. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
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(1) A coherent national energy strategy requires
an energy research and development program that
supports basic energy research and provides mecha-
nisms to develop, demonstrate, and deploy new energy
technologies in partnership with industry.
(2) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
program is an integral part of a national climate
change strategy, because it can reduce—
(A) United States energy intensity by 1.9
percent per year from 1999 to 2020;
(B) United States energy consumption in
2020 by 8 quadrillion Btu from otherwise ex-
pected levels; and
(C) United States carbon dioxide emissions
from expected levels by 166 million metric tons
in carbon equivalent in 2020.
(3) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
program can help maintain domestic United States
production of energy, increase United States hydro-
carbon reserves by 14 percent, and lower natural gas
prices by 20 percent, compared to estimates for 2020.
(4) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
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program is needed if United States suppliers and
manufacturers are to compete in future markets for
advanced energy technologies.
SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’
means the Department of Energy.
(2) DEPARTMENTAL
MISSION.—The term ‘‘de-
partmental mission’’ means any of the functions vest-
ed in the Secretary of Energy by the Department of
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) or
other law.
(3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 1201(a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a));
(4) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ means any of the following multi-
purpose laboratories owned by the Department of
Energy—
(A) Argonne National Laboratory;
(B) Brookhaven National Laboratory;
(C) Idaho National Engineering and Envi-
ronmental Laboratory;
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(D) Lawrence Berkeley National Labora-
tory;
(E) Lawrence Livermore National Labora-
tory;
(F) Los Alamos National Laboratory;
(G) National Energy Technology Labora-
tory;
(H) National Renewable Energy Labora-
tory;
(I) Oak Ridge National Laboratory;
(J) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
or
(K) Sandia National Laboratory.
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means
the Secretary of Energy.
(6) 
TECHNOLOGY
DEPLOYMENT.—The 
term
‘‘technology deployment’’ means activities to promote
acceptance and utilization of technologies in commer-
cial application, including activities undertaken pur-
suant to section 7 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy
Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
5906) or section 6 of the Renewable Energy and En-
ergy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of
1989 (42 U.S.C. 12007).
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SEC. 1204. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS.
Except as otherwise provided in this title and title
XIV, the Secretary shall carry out the research, develop-
ment, demonstration, and technology deployment programs
authorized by this title in accordance with the Atomic En-
ergy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), the Federal Non-
nuclear Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
5901 et seq.), the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C.
13201 et seq.), or any other Act under which the Secretary
is authorized to carry out such activities.
Subtitle A—Energy Efficiency
SEC. 1211. ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct balanced energy research, development, demonstration,
and technology deployment programs to enhance energy ef-
ficiency in buildings, industry, power technologies, and
transportation.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—
(1) ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING.—The goal of
the energy-efficient housing program shall be to de-
velop, in partnership with industry, enabling tech-
nologies (including lighting technologies), designs,
production methods, and supporting activities that
will, by 2010—
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(A) cut the energy use of new housing by 50
percent, and
(B) reduce energy use in existing homes by
30 percent.
(2) INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY.—The goal
of the industrial energy efficiency program shall be to
develop, in partnership with industry, enabling tech-
nologies, designs, production methods, and supporting
activities that will, by 2010, enable energy-intensive
industries such as the following industries to reduce
their energy intensity by at least 25 percent—
(A) the wood product manufacturing indus-
try;
(B) the pulp and paper industry;
(C) the petroleum and coal products manu-
facturing industry;
(D) the mining industry;
(E) the chemical manufacturing industry;
(F) the glass and glass product manufac-
turing industry;
(G) the iron and steel mills and ferroalloy
manufacturing industry;
(H) the primary aluminum production in-
dustry;
(I) the foundries industry; and
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(J) United States agriculture.
(3) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY.—The
goal of the transportation energy efficiency program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry,
technologies that will enable the achievement—
(A) by 2010, passenger automobiles with a
fuel economy of 80 miles per gallon;
(B) by 2010, light trucks (classes 1 and 2a)
with a fuel economy of 60 miles per gallon;
(C) by 2010, medium trucks and buses
(classes 2b through 6 and class 8 transit buses)
with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon,
that is three times that of year 2000 equivalent
vehicles;
(D) by 2010, heavy trucks (classes 7 and 8)
with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon,
that is two times that of year 2000 equivalent
vehicles; and
(E) by 2015, the production of fuel-cell pow-
ered passenger vehicles with a fuel economy of
110 miles per gallon.
(4) ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED GENERA-
TION.—The goals of the energy efficient on-site gen-
eration program shall be to help remove environ-
mental and regulatory barriers to on-site, or distrib-
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uted, generation and combined heat and power by de-
veloping technologies by 2015 that achieve—
(A) electricity generating efficiencies greater
than 40 percent for on-site generation tech-
nologies based upon natural gas, including fuel
cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines and
industrial gas turbines;
(B) combined heat and power total (electric
and thermal) efficiencies of more than 85 per-
cent;
(C) fuel flexibility to include hydrogen,
biofuels and natural gas;
(D) near zero emissions of pollutants that
form smog and acid rain;
(E) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
by at least 40 percent;
(F) packaged system integration at end user
facilities providing complete services in heating,
cooling, electricity and air quality; and
(G) increased reliability for the consumer
and greater stability for the national electricity
grid.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
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out research, development, demonstration, and technology
deployment activities under this subtitle—
(1) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $784,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $878,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $983,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(d) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None of the
funds authorized to be appropriated in subsection (c) may
be used for the following programs of the Department—
(1) Weatherization Assistance Program;
(2) State Energy Program; or
(3) Federal Energy Management Program.
SEC. 1212. ENERGY EFFICIENCY SCIENCE INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND AUTHORIZATION OF APPRO-
PRIATIONS.—From amounts authorized under section
1211(c), there are authorized to be appropriated not more
than $50,000,000 in any fiscal year, for an Energy Effi-
ciency Science Initiative to be managed by the Assistant
Secretary in the Department with responsibility for energy
conservation under section 203(a)(9) of the Department of
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7133(a)(9)), in con-
sultation with the Director of the Office of Science, for
grants to be competitively awarded and subject to peer re-
view for research relating to energy efficiency.
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(b) REPORT.—The Secretary of Energy shall submit
to the Committee on Science and the Committee on Appro-
priations of the United States House of Representatives,
and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States
Senate, an annual report on the activities of the Energy
Efficiency Science Initiative, including a description of the
process used to award the funds and an explanation of how
the research relates to energy efficiency.
SEC. 1213. NEXT GENERATION LIGHTING INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the De-
partment a Next Generation Lighting Initiative to research,
develop, and conduct demonstration activities on advanced
solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emit-
ting diodes.
(b) OBJECTIVES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The objectives of the initiative
shall be to develop, by 2011, advanced solid-state
lighting technologies based on white light emitting di-
odes that, compared to incandescent and fluorescent
lighting technologies, are—
(A) longer lasting;
(B) more energy-efficient; and
(C) cost-competitive.
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(2) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The objective of the initiative with respect to inor-
ganic white light emitting diodes shall be to develop
an inorganic white light emitting diode that has an
efficiency of 160 lumens per watt and a 10-year life-
time.
(3) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The objective of the initiative with respect to organic
white light emitting diodes shall be to develop an or-
ganic white light emitting diode with an efficiency of
100 lumens per watt with a 5-year lifetime that—
(A) illuminates over a full color spectrum;
(B) covers large areas over flexible surfaces;
and
(C) does not contain harmful pollutants
typical of fluorescent lamps such as mercury.
(c) CONSORTIUM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall initiate
and manage basic and manufacturing-related re-
search on advanced solid-state lighting technologies
based on white light emitting diodes for the initiative,
in cooperation with the Next Generation Lighting
Initiative Consortium.
(2) COMPOSITION.—The consortium shall be
composed of firms, national laboratories, and other
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entities so that the consortium is representative of the
United States solid-state lighting research, develop-
ment, and manufacturing expertise as a whole.
(3) FUNDING.—The consortium shall be funded
by—
(A) participation fees; and
(B) grants provided under subsection (e)(1).
(4) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a
grant under subsection (e)(1), the consortium shall—
(A) enter into a consortium participation
agreement that—
(i) is agreed to by all participants;
and
(ii) describes the responsibilities of
participants, participation fees, and the
scope of research activities; and
(B) develop an annual program plan.
(5) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.—Participants in
the consortium shall have royalty-free nonexclusive
rights to use intellectual property derived from con-
sortium research conducted under subsection (e)(1).
(d) PLANNING BOARD.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after
the establishment of the consortium, the Secretary
shall establish and appoint the members of a plan-
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ning board, to be known as the ‘‘Next Generation
Lighting Initiative Planning Board’’, to assist the
Secretary in carrying out this section.
(2) COMPOSITION.—The planning board shall be
composed of—
(A) four members from universities, na-
tional laboratories, and other individuals with
expertise in advanced solid-state lighting and
technologies based on white light emitting diodes;
and
(B) three members from a list of not less
than six nominees from industry submitted by
the consortium.
(3) STUDY.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days
after the date on which the Secretary appoints
members to the planning board, the planning
board shall complete a study on strategies for the
development and implementation of advanced
solid-state lighting technologies based on white
light emitting diodes.
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The study shall de-
velop a comprehensive strategy to implement,
through the initiative, the use of white light
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emitting diodes to increase energy efficiency and
enhance United States competitiveness.
(C) IMPLEMENTATION.—As soon as prac-
ticable after the study is submitted to the Sec-
retary, the Secretary shall implement the initia-
tive in accordance with the recommendations of
the planning board.
(4) TERMINATION.—The planning board shall
terminate upon completion of the study under para-
graph (3).
(e) GRANTS.—
(1) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The Secretary,
through the consortium, shall make grants to conduct
basic and manufacturing-related research related to
advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on
white light emitting diode technologies.
(2) TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION.—The Secretary shall enter into grants,
contracts, and cooperative agreements to conduct or
promote technology research, development, or dem-
onstration activities. In providing funding under this
paragraph, the Secretary shall give preference to par-
ticipants in the consortium.
(3) CONTINUING ASSESSMENT.—The consortium,
in collaboration with the Secretary, shall formulate
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annual operating and performance objectives, develop
technology roadmaps, and recommend research and
development priorities for the initiative. The Sec-
retary may also establish or utilize advisory commit-
tees, or enter into appropriate arrangements with the
National Academy of Sciences, to conduct periodic re-
views of the initiative. The Secretary shall consider
the results of such assessment and review activities in
making funding decisions under paragraphs (1) and
(2) of this subsection.
(4) 
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.—The 
National
Laboratories shall cooperate with and provide tech-
nical assistance to persons carrying out projects
under the initiative.
(5) AUDITS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall re-
tain an independent, commercial auditor to de-
termine the extent to which funds made available
under this section have been expended in a man-
ner that is consistent with the objectives under
subsection (b) and, in the case of funds made
available to the consortium, the annual program
plan 
of 
the 
consortium 
under 
subsection
(c)(4)(B).
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(B) REPORTS.—The auditor shall submit to
Congress, the Secretary, and the Comptroller
General of the United States an annual report
containing the results of the audit.
(6) APPLICABLE
LAW.—Grants, contracts, and
cooperative agreements under this section shall not be
subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
(f) PROTECTION OF INFORMATION.—Information ob-
tained by the Federal Government on a confidential basis
under this section shall be considered to constitute trade se-
crets and commercial or financial information obtained
from a person and privileged or confidential under section
552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi-
tion to amounts authorized under section 1211(c), there are
authorized to be appropriated for activities under this sec-
tion $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) ADVANCED
SOLID-STATE
LIGHTING.—The
term 
‘‘advanced 
solid-state 
lighting’’ 
means 
a
semiconducting device package and delivery system
that produces white light using externally applied
voltage.
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(2) 
CONSORTIUM.—The 
term 
‘‘consortium’’
means the Next Generation Lighting Initiative Con-
sortium under subsection (c).
(3) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘initiative’’ means
the Next Generation Lighting Initiative established
under subsection (a).
(4) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The term ‘‘inorganic white light emitting diode’’
means an inorganic semiconducting package that pro-
duces white light using externally applied voltage.
(5) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The term ‘‘organic white light emitting diode’’ means
an organic semiconducting compound that produces
white light using externally applied voltage.
(6) WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—The term
‘‘white light emitting diode’’ means—
(A) an inorganic white light emitting diode;
or
(B) an organic white light emitting diode.
SEC. 1214. RAILROAD EFFICIENCY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall, in co-
operation with the Secretaries of Transportation and De-
fense, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, establish a public-private research partnership
involving the Federal Government, railroad carriers, loco-
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motive manufacturers, and the Association of American
Railroads. The goal of the initiative shall include devel-
oping and demonstrating locomotive technologies that in-
crease fuel economy, reduce emissions, improve safety, and
lower costs.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the requirements
of this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2003 and
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004.
SEC. 1215. HIGH POWER DENSITY INDUSTRY PROGRAM.
The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive research,
development, demonstration and deployment program to
improve energy efficiency of high power density facilities,
including data centers, server farms, and telecommuni-
cations facilities. Such program shall consider technologies
that provide significant improvement in thermal controls,
metering, load management, peak load reduction, or the ef-
ficient cooling of electronics.
SEC. 1216. RESEARCH REGARDING PRECIOUS METAL CA-
TALYSIS.
The Secretary of Energy may, for the purpose of devel-
oping improved industrial and automotive catalysts, carry
out research in the use of precious metals (excluding plat-
inum, palladium, and rhodium) in catalysis directly,
through national laboratories, or through grants to or coop-
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erative agreements or contracts with public or nonprofit en-
tities. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
this section such sums as are necessary for fiscal years 2003
through 2006.
Subtitle B—Renewable Energy
SEC. 1221. ENHANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct balanced energy research, development, demonstration,
and technology deployment programs to enhance the use of
renewable energy.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—
(1) WIND POWER.—The goals of the wind power
program shall be to develop, in partnership with in-
dustry, a variety of advanced wind turbine designs
and manufacturing technologies that are cost-competi-
tive with fossil-fuel generated electricity, with a focus
on developing advanced low wind speed technologies
that, by 2007, will enable the expanding utilization
of widespread class 3 and 4 winds.
(2) PHOTOVOLTAICS.—The goal of the photo-
voltaic program shall be to develop, in partnership
with industry, total photovoltaic systems with in-
stalled costs of $4,000 per peak kilowatt by 2005 and
$2,000 per peak kilowatt by 2015.
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(3) SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC SYSTEMS.—The
goal of the solar thermal electric systems program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry,
solar power technologies (including baseload solar
power) that are competitive with fossil-fuel generated
electricity by 2015, by combining high-efficiency and
high-temperature receivers with advanced thermal
storage and power cycles.
(4) BIOMASS-BASED POWER SYSTEMS.—The goal
of the biomass program shall be to develop, in part-
nership with industry, integrated power-generating
systems, advanced conversion, and feedstock tech-
nologies capable of producing electric power that is
cost-competitive with fossil-fuel generated electricity
by 2010, together with the production of fuels, chemi-
cals, and other products under paragraph (6).
(5) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.—The goal of the geo-
thermal program shall be to develop, in partnership
with industry, technologies and processes based on ad-
vanced hydrothermal systems and advanced heat and
power systems, including geothermal heat pump tech-
nology, with a specific focus on—
(A) improving exploration and character-
ization technology to increase the probability of
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drilling successful wells from 20 percent to 40
percent by 2006;
(B) reducing the cost of drilling by 2008 to
an average cost of $150 per foot; and
(C) developing enhanced geothermal systems
technology with the potential to double the use-
able geothermal resource base.
(6) BIOFUELS.—The goal of the biofuels program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry—
(A) advanced biochemical and thermo-
chemical conversion technologies capable of mak-
ing liquid and gaseous fuels from cellulosic feed-
stocks that are price-competitive with gasoline or
diesel in either internal combustion engines or
fuel cell vehicles by 2010; and
(B) advanced biotechnology processes capa-
ble of making biofuels, biobased polymers, and
chemicals, with particular emphasis on the de-
velopment of biorefineries that use enzyme based
processing systems.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘cellulosic
feedstock’’ means any portion of a food crop not nor-
mally used in food production or any nonfood crop
grown for the purpose of producing biomass feedstock.
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(7) HYDROGEN-BASED
ENERGY
SYSTEMS.—The
goals of the hydrogen program shall be to support re-
search and development on technologies for produc-
tion, storage, and use of hydrogen, including fuel cells
and, specifically, fuel-cell vehicle development activi-
ties under section 1211.
(8) HYDROPOWER.—The goal of the hydropower
program shall be to develop, in partnership with in-
dustry, a new generation of turbine technologies that
are less damaging to fish and aquatic ecosystems.
(9) ELECTRIC
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
AND
STOR-
AGE.—The goals of the electric energy and storage
program shall be to develop, in partnership with
industry—
(A) generators and transmission, distribu-
tion, and storage systems that combine high ca-
pacity with high efficiency;
(B) technologies to interconnect distributed
energy resources with electric power systems,
comply with any national interconnection stand-
ards, have a minimum 10-year useful life;
(C) advanced technologies to increase the
average efficiency of electric transmission facili-
ties in rural and remote areas, giving priority
for demonstrations to advanced transmission
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technologies that are being or have been field
tested;
(D) the use of new transmission tech-
nologies, including flexible alternating current
transmission systems, composite conductor mate-
rials, advanced protection devices, controllers,
and other cost-effective methods and technologies;
(E) the use of superconducting materials in
power delivery equipment such as transmission
and distribution cables, transformers, and gen-
erators;
(F) energy management technologies for en-
terprises with aggregated loads and distributed
generation, such as power parks;
(G) economic and system models to measure
the costs and benefits of improved system per-
formance;
(H) hybrid distributed energy systems to
optimize two or more distributed or on-site gen-
eration technologies; and
(I) real-time transmission and distribution
system control technologies that provide for con-
tinual exchange of information between genera-
tion, transmission, distribution, and end-user fa-
cilities.
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(c) SPECIAL PROJECTS.—In carrying out this section,
the Secretary shall demonstrate—
(1) the use of advanced wind power technology,
biomass, geothermal energy systems, and other renew-
able energy technologies to assist in delivering elec-
tricity to rural and remote locations;
(2) the combined use of wind power and coal
gasification technologies; and
(3) the use of high temperature superconducting
technology in projects to demonstrate the development
of superconductors that enhance the reliability, oper-
ational flexibility, or power-carrying capability of
electric transmission systems or increase the electrical
or operational efficiency of electric energy generation,
transmission, distribution and storage systems.
(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO RURAL AREAS.—In
carrying out special projects under subsection (c), the Sec-
retary may provide financial assistance to rural electric co-
operatives and other rural entities.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
out research, development, demonstration, and technology
deployment activities under this subtitle—
(1) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $595,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
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(3) $683,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $733,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, of which
$100,000,000 may be allocated to meet the goals of
subsection (b)(1).
SEC. 1222. BIOENERGY PROGRAMS.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall carry
out research, development, demonstration, and technology
development activities related to bioenergy, including pro-
grams under paragraphs (4) and (6) of section 1221(b).
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) 
BIOPOWER
ENERGY
SYSTEMS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1221(e), there are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for
biopower energy systems—
(A) $60,300,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $69,300,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $79,600,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $86,250,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(2) 
BIOFUELS
ENERGY
SYSTEMS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1221(e), there are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for
biofuels energy systems—
(A) $57,500,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $66,125,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $76,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
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(D) $81,400,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(3) INTEGRATED BIOENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT.—The Secretary may use funds author-
ized under paragraph (1) or (2) for programs,
projects, or activities that integrate applications for
both biopower and biofuels, including cross-cutting re-
search and development in feedstocks and economic
analysis.
SEC. 1223. HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the
‘‘Hydrogen Future Act of 2002’’.
(b) PURPOSES.—Section 102(b) of the Spark M. Mat-
sunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Demonstra-
tion Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12401(b)) is amended by strik-
ing paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the following:
‘‘(2) to direct the Secretary to develop a program
of technology assessment, information transfer, and
education in which Federal agencies, members of the
transportation, energy, and other industries, and
other entities may participate;
‘‘(3) to develop methods of hydrogen production
that minimize production of greenhouse gases, includ-
ing developing—
‘‘(A) efficient production from nonrenewable
resources; and
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‘‘(B) cost-effective production from renew-
able resources such as biomass, geothermal, wind,
and solar energy; and
‘‘(4) to foster the use of hydrogen as a major en-
ergy source, including developing the use of hydrogen
in—
‘‘(A) isolated villages, islands, and commu-
nities in which other energy sources are not
available or are very expensive; and
‘‘(B) foreign economic development, to avoid
environmental damage from increased fossil fuel
use.’’.
(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Section 103 of the Spark
M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Dem-
onstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12402) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘January 1,
1999,’’ and inserting ‘‘1 year after the date of enact-
ment of the Hydrogen Future Act of 2002, and bien-
nially thereafter,’’;
(2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraphs (1)
and (2) and inserting the following:
‘‘(1) an analysis of hydrogen-related activities
throughout the United States Government to identify
productive areas for increased intragovernmental col-
laboration;
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‘‘(2) recommendations of the Hydrogen Technical
Advisory Panel established by section 108 for any im-
provements in the program that are needed, including
recommendations for additional legislation; and
‘‘(3) to the extent practicable, an analysis of
State and local hydrogen-related activities.’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(c) COORDINATION PLAN.—The report under sub-
section (a) shall be based on a comprehensive coordination
plan for hydrogen energy prepared by the Secretary in con-
sultation with other Federal agencies.’’.
(d) HYDROGEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—Sec-
tion 104 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research,
Development, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C.
12403) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ‘‘market-
place;’’ and inserting ‘‘marketplace, including foreign
markets, particularly where an energy infrastructure
is not well developed;’’;
(2) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘this chapter’’
and inserting ‘‘this Act’’;
(3) by striking subsection (g) and inserting the
following:
‘‘(g) COST SHARING.—
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‘‘(1) INABILITY
TO
FUND
ENTIRE
COST.—The
Secretary shall not consider a proposal submitted by
a person from industry unless the proposal contains
a certification that—
‘‘(A) reasonable efforts to obtain non-Fed-
eral funding in the amount necessary to pay 100
percent of the cost of the project have been made;
and
‘‘(B) non-Federal funding in that amount
could not reasonably be obtained.
‘‘(2) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall re-
quire a commitment from non-Federal sources of
at least 25 percent of the cost of the project.
‘‘(B) REDUCTION
OR
ELIMINATION.—The
Secretary may reduce or eliminate the cost-shar-
ing requirement under subparagraph (A) for the
proposed research and development project, in-
cluding for technical analyses, economic anal-
yses, outreach activities, and educational pro-
grams, if the Secretary determines that reduction
or elimination is necessary to achieve the objec-
tives of this Act.’’;
(4) in subsection (i), by striking ‘‘this chapter’’
and inserting ‘‘this Act’’.
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(e) DEMONSTRATIONS.—Section 105 of the Spark M.
Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and Dem-
onstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12404) is amended by
striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
‘‘(c) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the Secretary shall require a commitment
from non-Federal sources of at least 50 percent of the
costs directly relating to a demonstration project
under this section.
‘‘(2) REDUCTION.—The Secretary may reduce
the non-Federal requirement under paragraph (1) if
the Secretary determines that the reduction is appro-
priate considering the technological risks involved in
the project and is necessary to meet the objectives of
this Act.’’.
(f) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.—Section 106 of the
Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development,
and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12405) is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in the first sentence—
(i) by striking ‘‘The Secretary shall
conduct a program designed to accelerate
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wider application’’ and inserting the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct
a program designed to—
‘‘(A) accelerate wider application’’; and
(ii) by striking ‘‘private sector’’ and
inserting ‘‘private sector; and
‘‘(B) accelerate wider application of hydro-
gen technologies in foreign countries to increase
the global market for the technologies and foster
global economic development without harmful en-
vironmental effects.’’; and
(B) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘The
Secretary’’ and inserting the following:
‘‘(2) ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary’’;
and
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in paragraph (2), by redesignating sub-
paragraphs (A) through (D) as clauses (i)
through (iv), respectively, and indenting appro-
priately;
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and
(2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively,
and indenting appropriately;
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(C) by striking ‘‘The Secretary, in’’ and in-
serting the following:
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in’’;
(D) by striking ‘‘The information’’ and in-
serting the following:
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—The information’’; and
(E) in paragraph (1) (as designated by sub-
paragraph (C))—
(i) in subparagraph (A) (as redesig-
nated by subparagraph (B)), by striking
‘‘an inventory’’ and inserting ‘‘an update of
the inventory’’; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B) (as redesig-
nated by subparagraph (B)), by striking
‘‘develop’’ and all that follows through ‘‘to
improve’’ and inserting ‘‘develop with the
National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration, the Department of Energy, other
Federal agencies as appropriate, and indus-
try, an information exchange program to
improve’’.
(g) TECHNICAL PANEL REVIEW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 108 of the Spark M.
Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Development, and
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Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12407) is
amended—
(A) in subsection (b)—
(i) by striking ‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—
The technical panel shall be appointed’’ and
inserting the following:
‘‘(b) MEMBERSHIP.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The technical panel shall be
comprised of not fewer than 9 nor more than 15
members appointed’’;
(ii) by striking the second sentence and
inserting the following:
‘‘(2) TERMS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term of a member
of the technical panel shall be not more than 3
years.
‘‘(B) STAGGERED
TERMS.—The Secretary
may appoint members of the technical panel in
a manner that allows the terms of the members
serving at any time to expire at spaced intervals
so as to ensure continuity in the functioning of
the technical panel.
‘‘(C) REAPPOINTMENT.—A member of the
technical panel whose term expires may be re-
appointed.’’; and
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(iii) by striking ‘‘The technical panel
shall have a chairman,’’ and inserting the
following:
‘‘(3) CHAIRPERSON.—The technical panel shall
have a chairperson,’’; and
(B) in subsection (d)—
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph
(1), by striking ‘‘the following items’’;
(ii) in paragraph (1), by striking
‘‘and’’ at the end;
(iii) in paragraph (2), by striking the
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’;
and
(iv) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(3) the plan developed by the interagency task
force under section 202(b) of the Hydrogen Future Act
of 1996.’’.
(2) NEW APPOINTMENTS.—Not later than 180
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Secretary—
(A) shall review the membership composi-
tion of the Hydrogen Technical Advisory Panel;
and
(B) may appoint new members consistent
with the amendments made by subsection (a).
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(h) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section
109 of the Spark M. Matsunaga Hydrogen Research, Devel-
opment, and Demonstration Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12408)
is amended—
(1) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(10) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(11) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
‘‘(12) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
‘‘(13) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.’’.
(i) FUEL CELLS.—
(1) INTEGRATION OF FUEL CELLS WITH HYDRO-
GEN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.—Section 201 of the Hy-
drogen Future Act of 1996 is amended—
(A) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘(a) Not
later than 180 days after the date of enactment
of this section, and subject’’ and inserting ‘‘(a)
IN GENERAL.—Subject’’;
(B) by striking ‘‘with—’’ and all that fol-
lows and inserting ‘‘into Federal, State, and
local government facilities for stationary and
transportation applications.’’;
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(C) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘gas is’’
and inserting ‘‘basis’’;
(D) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ‘‘sys-
tems described in subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2)’’
and inserting ‘‘projects proposed’’; and
(E) by striking subsection (d) and inserting
the following:
‘‘(d) NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the Secretary shall require a commitment
from non-Federal sources of at least 50 percent of the
costs directly relating to a demonstration project
under this section.
‘‘(2) REDUCTION.—The Secretary may reduce
the non-Federal requirement under paragraph (1) if
the Secretary determines that the reduction is appro-
priate considering the technological risks involved in
the project and is necessary to meet the objectives of
this Act.’’.
(2) COOPERATIVE
AND
COST-SHARING
AGREE-
MENTS; INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION.—
Title II of the Hydrogen Future Act of 1996 (42
U.S.C. 12403 note; Public Law 104–271) is amended
by striking section 202 and inserting the following:
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‘‘SEC. 202. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE.
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 days after
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary shall
establish an interagency task force led by a Deputy Assist-
ant Secretary of the Department of Energy and comprised
of representatives of—
‘‘(1) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
‘‘(2) the Department of Transportation;
‘‘(3) the Department of Defense;
‘‘(4) the Department of Commerce (including the
National Institute for Standards and Technology);
‘‘(5) the Environmental Protection Agency;
‘‘(6) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; and
‘‘(7) other agencies as appropriate.
‘‘(b) DUTIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The task force shall develop
a plan for carrying out this title.
‘‘(2) FOCUS OF PLAN.—The plan shall focus on
development and demonstration of integrated systems
and components for—
‘‘(A) hydrogen production, storage, and use
in Federal, State, and local government build-
ings and vehicles;
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‘‘(B) hydrogen-based infrastructure for buses
and other fleet transportation systems that in-
clude zero-emission vehicles; and
‘‘(C) hydrogen-based distributed power gen-
eration, including the generation of combined
heat, power, and hydrogen.
‘‘SEC. 203. COOPERATIVE AND COST-SHARING AGREE-
MENTS.
‘‘The Secretary shall enter into cooperative and cost-
sharing agreements with Federal, State, and local agencies
for participation by the agencies in demonstrations at fa-
cilities administered by the agencies, with the aim of inte-
grating high efficiency hydrogen systems using fuel cells
into the facilities to provide immediate benefits and pro-
mote a smooth transition to hydrogen as an energy source.
‘‘SEC. 204. INTEGRATION AND DISSEMINATION OF TECH-
NICAL INFORMATION.
‘‘The Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) integrate all the technical information that
becomes available as a result of development and dem-
onstration projects under this title;
‘‘(2) make the information available to all Fed-
eral and State agencies for dissemination to all inter-
ested persons; and
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HR 4 EAS
‘‘(3) foster the exchange of generic, nonpropri-
etary information and technology developed under
this title among industry, academia, and Federal,
State, and local governments, to help the United
States economy attain the economic benefits of the in-
formation and technology.
‘‘SEC. 205. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated, for activities
under this title—
‘‘(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
‘‘(3) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
‘‘(4) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.’’.
Subtitle C—Fossil Energy
SEC. 1231. ENHANCED FOSSIL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct a balanced energy research, development, demonstra-
tion, and technology deployment program to enhance fossil
energy.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—
(1) CORE
FOSSIL
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT.—The goals of the core fossil research and devel-
opment program shall be to reduce emissions from fos-
sil fuel use by developing technologies, including
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precombustion technologies, by 2015 with the capa-
bility of realizing—
(A) electricity generating efficiencies of 60
percent for coal and 75 percent for natural gas;
(B) combined heat and power thermal effi-
ciencies of more than 85 percent;
(C) fuels utilization efficiency of 75 percent
for the production of liquid transportation fuels
from coal;
(D) near zero emissions of mercury and of
emissions that form fine particles, smog, and
acid rain;
(E) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
by at least 40 percent through efficiency im-
provements and 100 percent with sequestration;
and
(F) improved reliability, efficiency, reduc-
tions of air pollutant emissions, or reductions in
solid waste disposal requirements.
(2) OFFSHORE
OIL
AND
NATURAL
GAS
RE-
SOURCES.—The goal of the offshore oil and natural
gas resources program shall be to develop technologies
to—
(A) extract methane hydrates in coastal wa-
ters of the United States, and
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(B) develop natural gas and oil reserves in
the ultra-deepwater of the Central and Western
Gulf of Mexico.
(3) ONSHORE
OIL
AND
NATURAL
GAS
RE-
SOURCES.—The goal of the onshore oil and natural
gas resources program shall be to advance the science
and technology available to domestic onshore petro-
leum producers, particularly independent operators,
through—
(A) advances in technology for exploration
and production of domestic petroleum resources,
particularly those not accessible with current
technology;
(B) improvement in the ability to extract
hydrocarbons from known reservoirs and classes
of reservoirs; and
(C) development of technologies and prac-
tices that reduce the threat to the environment
from petroleum exploration and production and
decrease the cost of effective environmental com-
pliance.
(4) TRANSPORTATION FUELS.—The goals of the
transportation fuels program shall be to increase the
price elasticity of oil supply and demand by focusing
research on—
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(A) reducing the cost of producing transpor-
tation fuels from coal and natural gas; and
(B) indirect liquefaction of coal and bio-
mass.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary for carrying out research,
development, demonstration, and technology deploy-
ment activities under this section—
(A) $485,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $508,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $532,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $558,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(2) LIMITS
ON
USE
OF
FUNDS.—None of the
funds authorized in paragraph (1) may be used for—
(A) fossil energy environmental restoration;
(B) import/export authorization;
(C) program direction; or
(D) general plant projects.
(3) COAL-BASED
PROJECTS.—The coal-based
projects funded under this section shall be consistent
with the goals in subsection (b). The program shall
emphasize carbon capture and sequestration tech-
nologies and gasification technologies, including gas-
ification combined cycle, gasification fuel cells, gasifi-
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cation co-production, hybrid gasification/combustion,
or other technology with the potential to address the
goals in subparagraphs (D) or (E) of subsection
(b)(1).
SEC. 1232. POWER PLANT IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct a balanced energy research, development, demonstra-
tion, and technology deployment program to demonstrate
commercial applications of advanced lignite and coal-based
technologies applicable to new or existing power plants (in-
cluding co-production plants) that advance the efficiency,
environmental performance, and cost-competitiveness sub-
stantially beyond technologies that are in operation or have
been demonstrated by the date of enactment of this subtitle.
(b) TECHNICAL MILESTONES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall set tech-
nical milestones specifying efficiency and emissions
levels that projects shall be designed to achieve. The
milestones shall become more restrictive over the life
of the program.
(2) 2010 EFFICIENCY MILESTONES.—The mile-
stones shall be designed to achieve by 2010 interim
thermal efficiency of—
(A) forty-five percent for coal of more than
9,000 Btu;
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(B) forty-four percent for coal of 7,000 to
9,000 Btu; and
(C) forty-two percent for coal of less than
7,000 Btu.
(3) 2020 EFFICIENCY MILESTONES.—The mile-
stones shall be designed to achieve by 2020 thermal ef-
ficiency of—
(A) sixty percent for coal of more than
9,000 Btu;
(B) fifty-nine percent for coal of 7,000 to
9,000 Btu; and
(C) fifty-seven percent for coal of less than
7,000 Btu.
(4) EMISSIONS
MILESTONES.—The milestones
shall include near zero emissions of mercury and
greenhouse gases and of emissions that form fine par-
ticles, smog, and acid rain.
(5) REGIONAL AND QUALITY DIFFERENCES.—The
Secretary may consider regional and quality dif-
ferences in developing the efficiency milestones.
(c) PROJECT CRITERIA.—The demonstration activities
proposed to be conducted at a new or existing coal-based
electric generation unit having a nameplate rating of not
less than 100 megawatts, excluding a co-production plant,
shall include at least one of the following—
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HR 4 EAS
(B) in the case of a new unit, achieve the
efficiency milestones set for in subsection (b)
compared to the efficiency of a typical unit as
operated on the date of enactment of this subtitle,
before any retrofit, repowering, replacement, or
installation.
(d) STUDY.—The Secretary, in consultation with the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the
Secretary of the Interior, and interested entities (including
coal producers, industries using coal, organizations to pro-
mote coal or advanced coal technologies, environmental or-
ganizations, and organizations representing workers), shall
conduct an assessment that identifies performance criteria
that would be necessary for coal-based technologies to meet,
to enable future reliance on coal in an environmentally sus-
tainable manner for electricity generation, use as a chem-
ical feedstock, and use as a transportation fuel.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities
under this section $200,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2003 through 2011.
(2) LIMITATION
ON
FUNDING
OF
PROJECTS.—
Eighty percent of the funding under this section shall
be limited to—
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HR 4 EAS
(A) carbon capture and sequestration tech-
nologies;
(B) gasification technologies, including gas-
ification combined cycle, gasification fuel cells,
gasification co-production, or hybrid gasifi-
cation/combustion; or
(C) other technology either by itself or in
conjunction with other technologies that has the
potential to achieve near zero emissions.
SEC. 1233. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR ADVANCED
SAFE AND EFFICIENT COAL MINING TECH-
NOLOGIES.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Energy shall
establish a cooperative research partnership involving ap-
propriate Federal agencies, coal producers, including asso-
ciations, equipment manufacturers, universities with min-
ing engineering departments, and other relevant entities
to—
(1) develop mining research priorities identified
by the Mining Industry of the Future Program and
in the recommendations from relevant reports of the
National Academy of Sciences on mining technologies;
(2) establish a process for conducting joint in-
dustry-Government research and development; and
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(3) expand mining research capabilities at insti-
tutions of higher education.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out activities under this section,
$12,000,000 in fiscal year 2003 and $15,000,000 in
fiscal year 2004.
(2) LIMIT ON USE OF FUNDS.—Not less than 20
percent of any funds appropriated in a given fiscal
year under this subsection shall be dedicated to re-
search carried out at institutions of higher education.
SEC. 1234. ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND UNCONVENTIONAL RE-
SOURCE EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advisory
Committee’’ means the Ultra-Deepwater and Uncon-
ventional Resource Technology Advisory Committee
established under subsection (c).
(2) AWARD.—The term ‘‘award’’ means a cooper-
ative agreement, contract, award or other types of
agreement as appropriate.
(3) DEEPWATER.—The term ‘‘deepwater’’ means
a water depth that is greater than 200 but less than
1,500 meters.
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(4) ELIGIBLE AWARD RECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘el-
igible award recipient’’ includes—
(A) a research institution;
(B) an institution of higher education;
(C) a corporation; and
(D) a managing consortium formed among
entities described in subparagraphs (A) through
(C).
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
(6) MANAGING CONSORTIUM.—The term ‘‘man-
aging consortium’’ means an entity that—
(A) exists as of the date of enactment of this
section;
(B)(i) is an organization described in sec-
tion 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986; and
(ii) is exempt from taxation under section
501(a) of that Code;
(C) is experienced in planning and man-
aging programs in natural gas or other petro-
leum exploration and production research, devel-
opment, and demonstration; and
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(D) has demonstrated capabilities and expe-
rience in representing the views and priorities of
industry, institutions of higher education and
other research institutions in formulating com-
prehensive research and development plans and
programs.
(7) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means the
program of research, development, and demonstration
established under subsection (b)(1)(A).
(8) ULTRA-DEEPWATER.—The term ‘‘ultra-deep-
water’’ means a water depth that is equal to or great-
er than 1,500 meters.
(9) ULTRA-DEEPWATER
ARCHITECTURE.—The
term ‘‘ultra-deepwater architecture’’ means the inte-
gration of technologies to explore and produce natural
gas or petroleum products located at ultra-deepwater
depths.
(10) ULTRA-DEEPWATER RESOURCE.—The term
‘‘ultra-deepwater resource’’ means natural gas or any
other petroleum resource (including methane hydrate)
located in an ultra-deepwater area.
(11) UNCONVENTIONAL
RESOURCE.—The term
‘‘unconventional resource’’ means natural gas or any
other petroleum resource located in a formation on
physically or economically inaccessible land currently
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available for lease for purposes of natural gas or other
petroleum exploration or production.
(b) ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND UNCONVENTIONAL EX-
PLORATION AND PRODUCTION PROGRAM.—
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a program of research into, and develop-
ment and demonstration of, ultra-deepwater re-
source and unconventional resource exploration
and production technologies.
(B) 
LOCATION; 
IMPLEMENTATION.—The
program under this subsection shall be carried
out—
(i) in areas on the outer Continental
Shelf that, as of the date of enactment of
this section, are available for leasing; and
(ii) on unconventional resources.
(2) COMPONENTS.—The program shall include
one or more programs for long-term research into—
(A) new deepwater ultra-deepwater resource
and unconventional resource exploration and
production technologies; or
(B) environmental mitigation technologies
for production of ultra-deepwater resource and
unconventional resource.
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HR 4 EAS
(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 30 days
after the date of enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary shall establish an advisory committee to be
known as the ‘‘Ultra-Deepwater and Unconventional
Resource Technology Advisory Committee’’.
(2) MEMBERSHIP.—
(A) COMPOSITION.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), the advisory committee shall be com-
posed of seven members appointed by the Sec-
retary that—
(i) have extensive operational knowl-
edge of and experience in the natural gas
and other petroleum exploration and pro-
duction industry; and
(ii) are not Federal employees or em-
ployees of contractors to a Federal agency.
(B) EXPERTISE.—Of the members of the ad-
visory committee appointed under subparagraph
(A)—
(i) at least four members shall have ex-
tensive knowledge of ultra-deepwater re-
source exploration and production tech-
nologies;
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HR 4 EAS
(ii) at least three members shall have
extensive knowledge of unconventional re-
source exploration and production tech-
nologies.
(3) DUTIES.—The advisory committee shall ad-
vise the Secretary in the implementation of this sec-
tion.
(4) COMPENSATION.—A member of the advisory
committee shall serve without compensation but shall
receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions
under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United
States Code.
(d) AWARDS.—
(1) TYPES OF AWARDS.—
(A) ULTRA-DEEPWATER RESOURCES.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall
make awards for research into, and develop-
ment and demonstration of, ultra-deepwater
resource 
exploration 
and 
production
technologies—
(I) to maximize the value of the
ultra-deepwater resources of the United
States;
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(II) to increase the supply of
ultra-deepwater resources by lowering
the cost and improving the efficiency of
exploration and production of such re-
sources; and
(III) to improve safety and mini-
mize negative environmental impacts
of that exploration and production.
(ii) 
ULTRA-DEEPWATER
ARCHITEC-
TURE.—In furtherance of the purposes de-
scribed in clause (i), the Secretary shall,
where appropriate, solicit proposals from a
managing consortium to develop and dem-
onstrate next-generation architecture for
ultra-deepwater resource production.
(B) UNCONVENTIONAL
RESOURCES.—The
Secretary shall make awards—
(i) to carry out research into, and de-
velopment and demonstration of, tech-
nologies to maximize the value of unconven-
tional resources; and
(ii) 
to 
develop 
technologies 
to
simultaneously—
(I) increase the supply of uncon-
ventional resources by lowering the cost
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and improving the efficiency of explo-
ration and production of unconven-
tional resources; and
(II) improve safety and minimize
negative environmental impacts of that
exploration and production.
(2) CONDITIONS.—An award made under this
subsection shall be subject to the following conditions:
(A) MULTIPLE ENTITIES.—If an award re-
cipient is composed of more than one eligible or-
ganization, the recipient shall provide a signed
contract, agreed to by all eligible organizations
comprising the award recipient, that defines, in
a manner that is consistent with all applicable
law in effect as of the date of the contract, all
rights to intellectual property for—
(i) technology in existence as of that
date; and
(ii) future inventions conceived and de-
veloped using funds provided under the
award.
(B) COMPONENTS
OF
APPLICATION.—An
application for an award for a demonstration
project shall describe with specificity any in-
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tended commercial applications of the technology
to be demonstrated.
(C) COST SHARING.—Non-Federal cost shar-
ing shall be in accordance with section 1403.
(e) PLAN AND FUNDING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, and where ap-
propriate, a managing consortium under subsection
(d)(1)(A)(ii), shall formulate annual operating and
performance objectives, develop multiyear technology
roadmaps, and establish research and development
priorities for the funding of activities under this sec-
tion which will serve as guidelines for making awards
including cost-matching objectives.
(2) INDUSTRY INPUT.—In carrying out this pro-
gram, the Secretary shall promote maximum industry
input through the use of managing consortia or other
organizations in planning and executing the research
areas and conducting workshops or reviews to ensure
that this program focuses on industry problems and
needs.
(f) AUDITING.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall retain an
independent, commercial auditor to determine the ex-
tent to which funds authorized by this section, pro-
vided through a managing consortium, are expended
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in a manner consistent with the purposes of this sec-
tion.
(2) REPORTS.—The auditor retained under
paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary, and the
Secretary shall transmit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees, an annual report that describes—
(A) the findings of the auditor under para-
graph (1); and
(B) a plan under which the Secretary may
remedy any deficiencies identified by the audi-
tor.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums
as may be necessary to carry out this section.
(h) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The authority pro-
vided by this section shall terminate on September 30, 2009.
(i) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this section is
intended to displace, duplicate or diminish any previously
authorized research activities of the Department of Energy.
SEC. 1235. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW NAT-
URAL 
GAS 
TRANSPORTATION 
TECH-
NOLOGIES.
The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a comprehensive
5-year program for research, development and demonstra-
tion to improve the reliability, efficiency, safety and integ-
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rity of the natural gas transportation and distribution in-
frastructure and for distributed energy resources (including
microturbines, fuel cells, advanced engine-generators, gas
turbines, reciprocating engines, hybrid power generation
systems, and all ancillary equipment for dispatch, control
and maintenance).
SEC. 1236. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR OF-
FICE OF ARCTIC ENERGY.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary for the Office of Arctic Energy under section 3197
of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106–398) such sums as
may be necessary, but not to exceed $25,000,000 for each
of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.
SEC. 1237. CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY LOAN.
There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed
$125,000,000 to the Secretary of Energy to provide a loan
to the owner of the experimental plant constructed under
United States Department of Energy cooperative agreement
number DE–FC22–91PC99544 on such terms and condi-
tions as the Secretary determines, including interest rates
and upfront payments.
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Subtitle D—Nuclear Energy
SEC. 1241. ENHANCED NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct an energy research, development, demonstration, and
technology deployment program to enhance nuclear energy.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—The program shall—
(1) support research related to existing United
States nuclear power reactors to extend their lifetimes
and increase their reliability while optimizing their
current operations for greater efficiencies;
(2) examine—
(A) advanced proliferation-resistant and
passively safe reactor designs;
(B) new reactor designs with higher effi-
ciency, lower cost, and improved safety;
(C) in coordination with activities carried
out under the amendments made by section
1223, designs for a high temperature reactor ca-
pable of producing large-scale quantities of hy-
drogen using thermochemical processes;
(D) proliferation-resistant and high-burn-
up nuclear fuels;
(E) minimization of generation of radio-
active materials;
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(F) improved nuclear waste management
technologies; and
(G) improved instrumentation science;
(3) attract new students and faculty to the nu-
clear sciences and nuclear engineering and related
fields (including health physics and nuclear and
radiochemistry) through—
(A) university-based fundamental research
for existing faculty and new junior faculty;
(B) support for the re-licensing of existing
training reactors at universities in conjunction
with industry; and
(C) completing the conversion of existing
training reactors with proliferation-resistant
fuels that are low enriched and to adapt those re-
actors to new investigative uses;
(4) maintain a national capability and infra-
structure to produce medical isotopes and ensure a
well trained cadre of nuclear medicine specialists in
partnership with industry;
(5) ensure that our nation has adequate capa-
bility to power future satellite and space missions;
and
(6) maintain, where appropriate through a
prioritization process, a balanced research infrastruc-
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ture so that future research programs can use these
facilities.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) CORE
NUCLEAR
RESEARCH
PROGRAMS.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary for carrying out research, development, dem-
onstration, and technology deployment activities
under subsection (b)(1) through (3)—
(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(2) SUPPORTING
NUCLEAR
ACTIVITIES.—There
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for
carrying out activities under subsection (b)(4)
through (6), as well as nuclear facilities management
and program direction—
(A) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $202,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $207,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $212,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1242. UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEER-
ING SUPPORT.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
program to maintain the nation’s human resource invest-
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ment and infrastructure in the nuclear sciences and engi-
neering and related fields (including health physics and nu-
clear and radiochemistry), consistent with departmental
missions related to civilian nuclear research and develop-
ment.
(b) DUTIES.—In carrying out the program under this
section, the Secretary shall—
(1) develop a graduate and undergraduate fel-
lowship program to attract new and talented stu-
dents;
(2) assist universities in recruiting and retain-
ing new faculty in the nuclear sciences and engineer-
ing through a Junior Faculty Research Initiation
Grant Program;
(3) support fundamental nuclear sciences and
engineering research through the Nuclear Engineering
Education Research Program;
(4) encourage collaborative nuclear research be-
tween industry, national laboratories and universities
through the Nuclear Energy Research Initiative; and
(5) support communication and outreach related
to nuclear science and engineering.
(c) MAINTAINING UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND TRAIN-
ING REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE.—Ac-
tivities under this section may include:
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(1) Converting research reactors to low-enrich-
ment fuels, upgrading operational instrumentation,
and sharing of reactors among universities.
(2) Providing technical assistance, in collabora-
tion with the United States nuclear industry, in re-
licensing and upgrading training reactors as part of
a student training program.
(3) Providing funding for reactor improvements
as part of a focused effort that emphasizes research,
training, and education.
(d) 
UNIVERSITY-NATIONAL
LABORATORY
INTER-
ACTIONS.—The Secretary shall develop—
(1) a sabbatical fellowship program for univer-
sity professors to spend extended periods of time at
National Laboratories in the areas of nuclear science
and technology; and
(2) a visiting scientist program in which Na-
tional Laboratory staff can spend time in academic
nuclear science and engineering departments. The
Secretary may provide for fellowships for students to
spend time at National Laboratories in the area of
nuclear science with a member of the Laboratory staff
acting as a mentor.
(e) OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS.—Funding
for a research project provided under this section may be
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used to offset a portion of the operating and maintenance
costs of a university research reactor used in the research
project, on a cost-shared basis with the university.
(f) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c)(1), the following
amounts are authorized for activities under this section—
(1) $33,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $37,900,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $43,600,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $50,100,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1243. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for grants for research
relating to nuclear energy.
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under
this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.
SEC. 1244. NUCLEAR ENERGY PLANT OPTIMIZATION PRO-
GRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization Program for grants to
improve nuclear energy plant reliability, availability, and
productivity. Notwithstanding section 1403, the program
shall require industry cost-sharing of at least 50 percent
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and be subject to annual review by the Nuclear Energy Re-
search Advisory Committee of the Department.
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1241(c), there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary for activities under
this section such sums as are necessary for each fiscal year.
SEC. 1245. NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall support a
Nuclear Energy Technology Development Program to de-
velop a technology roadmap to design and develop new nu-
clear energy powerplants in the United States.
(b) GENERATION IV REACTOR STUDY.—The Secretary
shall, as part of the program under subsection (a), also con-
duct a study of Generation IV nuclear energy systems, in-
cluding development of a technology roadmap and perform-
ance of research and development necessary to make an in-
formed technical decision regarding the most promising
candidates for commercial deployment. The study shall ex-
amine advanced proliferation-resistant and passively safe
reactor designs, new reactor designs with higher efficiency,
lower cost and improved safety, proliferation-resistant and
high burn-up fuels, minimization of generation of radio-
active materials, improved nuclear waste management tech-
nologies, and improved instrumentation science. Not later
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than December 31, 2002, the Secretary shall submit to Con-
gress a report describing the results of the study.
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized to be appropriated under section
1241(c), there are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary for activities under this section such sums as are
necessary for each fiscal year.
Subtitle E—Fundamental Energy
Science
SEC. 1251. ENHANCED PROGRAMS IN FUNDAMENTAL EN-
ERGY SCIENCE.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary, acting
through the Office of Science, shall—
(1) conduct a comprehensive program of funda-
mental research, including research on chemical
sciences, physics, materials sciences, biological and
environmental 
sciences, 
geosciences, 
engineering
sciences, plasma sciences, mathematics, and advanced
scientific computing;
(2) maintain, upgrade and expand the scientific
user facilities maintained by the Office of Science and
ensure that they are an integral part of the depart-
mental mission for exploring the frontiers of funda-
mental science;
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(3) maintain a leading-edge research capability
in the energy-related aspects of nanoscience and
nanotechnology, advanced scientific computing and
genome research; and
(4) ensure that its fundamental science pro-
grams, where appropriate, help inform the applied re-
search and development programs of the Department.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
out research, development, demonstration, and technology
deployment activities under this subtitle—
(1) $3,785,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $5,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1252. NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RE-
SEARCH.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Office of Science, shall support a program of research
and development in nanoscience and nanoengineering con-
sistent with the Department’s statutory authorities related
to research and development. The program shall include ef-
forts to further the understanding of the chemistry, physics,
materials science and engineering of phenomena on the
scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.
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(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In car-
rying out the program under this section, the Office of
Science shall—
(1) support both individual investigators and
multidisciplinary teams of investigators;
(2) pursuant to subsection (c), develop, plan,
construct, acquire, or operate special equipment or fa-
cilities for the use of investigators conducting research
and 
development 
in 
nanoscience 
and
nanoengineering;
(3) support technology transfer activities to ben-
efit industry and other users of nanoscience and
nanoengineering; and
(4) coordinate research and development activi-
ties with industry and other Federal agencies.
(c) NANOSCIENCE AND NANOENGINEERING RESEARCH
CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION.—
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—From amounts authorized
to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the
amounts specified under subsection (d)(2) shall, sub-
ject to appropriations, be available for projects to de-
velop, plan, construct, acquire, or operate special
equipment, instrumentation, or facilities for inves-
tigators conducting research and development in
nanoscience and nanoengineering.
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(2) PROJECTS.—Projects under paragraph (1)
may include the measurement of properties at the
scale of 1 to 100 nanometers, manipulation at such
scales, and the integration of technologies based on
nanoscience or nanoengineering into bulk materials
or other technologies.
(3) FACILITIES.—Facilities under paragraph (1)
may include electron microcharacterization facilities,
microlithography facilities, scanning probe facilities
and related instrumentation science.
(4) COLLABORATION.—The Secretary shall en-
courage collaborations among universities, labora-
tories and industry at facilities under this subsection.
At least one facility under this subsection shall have
a specific mission of technology transfer to other in-
stitutions and to industry.
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) TOTAL AUTHORIZATION.—From amounts au-
thorized to be appropriated under section 1251(b), the
following amounts are authorized for activities under
this section—
(A) $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $330,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
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(2) NANOSCIENCE
AND
NANOENGINEERING
RE-
SEARCH CENTERS AND MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION.—
Of the amounts under paragraph (1), the following
amounts are authorized to carry out subsection (c)—
(A) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(D) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1253. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING FOR EN-
ERGY MISSIONS.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Office of Science, shall support a program to advance
the Nation’s computing capability across a diverse set of
grand challenge computationally based science problems re-
lated to departmental missions.
(b) DUTIES OF THE OFFICE OF SCIENCE.—In car-
rying out the program under this section, the Office of
Science shall—
(1) advance basic science through computation
by developing software to solve grand challenge
science problems on new generations of computing
platforms;
(2) enhance the foundations for scientific com-
puting by developing the basic mathematical and
computing systems software needed to take full advan-
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tage of the computing capabilities of computers with
peak speeds of 100 teraflops or more, some of which
may be unique to the scientific problem of interest;
(3) enhance national collaboratory and net-
working capabilities by developing software to inte-
grate geographically separated researchers into effec-
tive research teams and to facilitate access to and
movement and analysis of large (petabyte) data sets;
and
(4) maintain a robust scientific computing hard-
ware infrastructure to ensure that the computing re-
sources needed to address DOE missions are avail-
able; explore new computing approaches and tech-
nologies that promise to advance scientific computing.
(c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE
COMPUTING
ACT
PRO-
GRAM.—Section 203(a) of the High-Performance Com-
puting Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5523(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding after paragraph (4) the following:
‘‘(5) conduct an integrated program of research,
development, and provision of facilities to develop
and deploy to scientific and technical users the high-
performance computing and collaboration tools needed
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to fulfill the statutory missions of the Department of
Energy in conducting basic and applied energy re-
search.’’.
(d) COORDINATION WITH THE DOE NATIONAL NU-
CLEAR SECURITY AGENCY ACCELERATED STRATEGIC COM-
PUTING INITIATIVE
AND OTHER NATIONAL COMPUTING
PROGRAMS.—The Secretary shall ensure that this program,
to the extent feasible, is integrated and consistent with—
(1) the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initia-
tive of the National Nuclear Security Agency; and
(2) other national efforts related to advanced sci-
entific computing for science and engineering.
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251(b), the following
amounts are authorized for activities under this section—
(1) $285,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $320,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
SEC. 1254. FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM AND PLAN-
NING.
(a) OVERALL PLAN FOR FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES
PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 6 months after
the date of enactment of this subtitle, the Secretary,
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after consultation with the Fusion Energy Sciences
Advisory Committee, shall develop and transmit to
the Congress a plan to ensure a strong scientific base
for the Fusion Energy Sciences Program within the
Office of Science and to enable the experiments de-
scribed in subsections (b) and (c).
(2) OBJECTIVES OF PLAN.—The plan under this
subsection shall include as its objectives—
(A) to ensure that existing fusion research
facilities and equipment are more fully utilized
with appropriate measurements and control
tools;
(B) to ensure a strengthened fusion science
theory and computational base;
(C) to encourage and ensure that the selec-
tion of and funding for new magnetic and iner-
tial fusion research facilities is based on sci-
entific innovation and cost effectiveness;
(D) to improve the communication of sci-
entific results and methods between the fusion
science community and the wider scientific com-
munity;
(E) to ensure that adequate support is pro-
vided to optimize the design of the magnetic fu-
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sion burning plasma experiments referred to in
subsections (b) and (c); and
(F) to ensure that inertial confinement fu-
sion facilities are utilized to the extent prac-
ticable for the purpose of inertial fusion energy
research and development.
(b) PLAN
FOR UNITED STATES FUSION EXPERI-
MENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, after consulta-
tion with the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Com-
mittee, shall develop a plan for construction in the
United States of a magnetic fusion burning plasma
experiment for the purpose of accelerating scientific
understanding of fusion plasmas. The Secretary shall
request a review of the plan by the National Academy
of Sciences and shall transmit the plan and the re-
view to the Congress by July 1, 2004.
(2) REQUIREMENTS
OF
PLAN.—The plan de-
scribed in paragraph (1) shall—
(A) address key burning plasma physics
issues; and
(B) include specific information on the sci-
entific capabilities of the proposed experiment,
the relevance of these capabilities to the goal of
practical fusion energy, and the overall design of
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the experiment including its estimated cost and
potential construction sites.
(c) PLAN FOR PARTICIPATION IN AN INTERNATIONAL
EXPERIMENT.—In addition to the plan described in sub-
section (b), the Secretary, after consultation with the Fusion
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, may also develop a
plan for United States participation in an international
burning plasma experiment for the same purpose, whose
construction is found by the Secretary to be highly likely
and where United States participation is cost-effective rel-
ative to the cost and scientific benefits of a domestic experi-
ment described in subsection (b). If the Secretary elects to
develop a plan under this subsection, he shall include the
information described in subsection (b)(2), and an estimate
of the cost of United States participation in such an inter-
national experiment. The Secretary shall request a review
by the National Academy of Sciences of a plan developed
under this subsection, and shall transmit the plan and the
review to the Congress no later than July 1, 2004.
(d) AUTHORIZATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Secretary, through the Office of Science, may
conduct any research and development necessary to fully
develop the plans described in this section.
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251, the following
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amounts are authorized for activities under this section and
for activities of the Fusion Energy Science Program—
(1) for fiscal year 2003, $335,000,000;
(2) for fiscal year 2004, $349,000,000;
(3) for fiscal year 2005, $362,000,000; and
(4) for fiscal year 2006, $377,000,000.
Subtitle F—Energy, Safety, and
Environmental Protection
SEC. 1261. CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROTEC-
TION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a re-
search, development, demonstration and technology deploy-
ment program, in partnership with industry, on critical
energy infrastructure protection, consistent with the roles
and missions outlined for the Secretary in Presidential De-
cision Directive 63, entitled ‘‘Critical Infrastructure Protec-
tion’’. The program shall have the following goals:
(1) Increase the understanding of physical and
information system disruptions to the energy infra-
structure that could result in cascading or widespread
regional outages.
(2) Develop energy infrastructure assurance
‘‘best practices’’ through vulnerability and risk assess-
ments.
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(3) Protect against, mitigate the effect of, and
improve the ability to recover from disruptive inci-
dents within the energy infrastructure.
(b) PROGRAM SCOPE.—The program under subsection
(a) shall include research, development, deployment, tech-
nology demonstration for—
(1) analysis of energy infrastructure inter-
dependencies to quantify the impacts of system
vulnerabilities in relation to each other;
(2) probabilistic risk assessment of the energy in-
frastructure to account for unconventional and ter-
rorist threats;
(3) incident tracking and trend analysis tools to
assess the severity of threats and reported incidents to
the energy infrastructure; and
(4) integrated multisensor, warning and mitiga-
tion technologies to detect, integrate, and localize
events affecting the energy infrastructure including
real time control to permit the reconfiguration of en-
ergy delivery systems.
(c) REGIONAL COORDINATION.—The program under
this section shall cooperate with Departmental activities to
promote regional coordination under section 102 of this Act,
to ensure that the technologies and assessments developed
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by the program are transferred in a timely manner to State
and local authorities, and to the energy industries.
(d) COORDINATION WITH INDUSTRY RESEARCH ORGA-
NIZATIONS.—The Secretary may enter into grants, con-
tracts, and cooperative agreements with industry research
organizations to facilitate industry participation in re-
search under this section and to fulfill applicable cost-shar-
ing requirements.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
this section—
(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(f) CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘critical en-
ergy infrastructure facility’’ means a physical or cyber-
based system or service for the generation, transmission or
distribution of electrical energy, or the production, refining,
transportation, or storage of petroleum, natural gas, or pe-
troleum product, the incapacity or destruction of which
would have a debilitating impact on the defense or economic
security of the United States. The term shall not include
a facility that is licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Com-
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mission under section 103 or 104b of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2133 and 2134(b)).
SEC. 1262. RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION FOR REMEDI-
ATION OF GROUNDWATER FROM ENERGY AC-
TIVITIES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a re-
search, development, demonstration, and technology deploy-
ment program to improve methods for environmental res-
toration of groundwater contaminated by energy activities,
including oil and gas production, surface and underground
mining of coal, and in-situ extraction of energy resources.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out
this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003
through 2006.
TITLE XIII—CLIMATE CHANGE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Subtitle A—Department of Energy
Programs
SEC. 1301. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY GLOBAL CHANGE RE-
SEARCH.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary, acting
through the Office of Science, shall conduct a comprehensive
research program to understand and address the effects of
energy production and use on the global climate system.
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(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—
(1) CLIMATE MODELING.—The Secretary shall—
(A) conduct observational and analytical
research to acquire and interpret the data needed
to describe the radiation balance from the surface
of the Earth to the top of the atmosphere;
(B) determine the factors responsible for the
Earth’s radiation balance and incorporate im-
proved understanding of such factors in climate
models;
(C) improve the treatment of aerosols and
clouds in climate models;
(D) reduce the uncertainty in decade-to-cen-
tury model-based projections of climate change;
and
(E) increase the availability and utility of
climate change simulations to researchers and
policy makers interested in assessing the rela-
tionship between energy and climate change.
(2) CARBON CYCLE.—The Secretary shall—
(A) carry out field research and modeling
activities—
(i) to understand and document the net
exchange of carbon dioxide between major
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terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere;
or
(ii) to evaluate the potential of pro-
posed methods of carbon sequestration;
(B) develop and test carbon cycle models;
and
(C) acquire data and develop and test mod-
els to simulate and predict the transport, trans-
formation, and fate of energy-related emissions
in the atmosphere.
(3) ECOLOGICAL
PROCESSES.—The Secretary
shall carry out long-term experiments of the response
of intact terrestrial ecosystems to—
(A) alterations in climate and atmospheric
composition; or
(B) land-use changes that affect ecosystem
extent and function.
(4) INTEGRATED
ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary
shall develop and improve methods and tools for inte-
grated analyses of the climate change system from
emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases to the con-
sequences of these emissions on climate and the result-
ing effects of human-induced climate change on eco-
nomic and social systems, with emphasis on critical
gaps in integrated assessment modeling, including
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modeling of technology innovation and diffusion and
the development of metrics of economic costs of cli-
mate change and policies for mitigating or adapting
to climate change.
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—From
amounts authorized under section 1251(b), there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
out activities under this section—
(1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $230,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(d) LIMITATION ON FUNDS.—Funds authorized to be
appropriated under this section shall not be used for the
development, demonstration, or deployment of technology to
reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gas emissions.
SEC. 1302. AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL NONNUCLEAR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1974.
Section 6 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research
and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5905) is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at
the end;
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(B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period
at the end and inserting ‘‘, and’’; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) solutions to the effective management of
greenhouse gas emissions in the long term by the de-
velopment of technologies and practices designed to—
‘‘(A) reduce or avoid anthropogenic emis-
sions of greenhouse gases;
‘‘(B) remove and sequester greenhouse gases
from emissions streams; and
‘‘(C) remove and sequester greenhouse gases
from the atmosphere.’’; and
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (a)(1) through (3)’’ and inserting ‘‘para-
graphs (1) through (4) of subsection (a)’’; and
(B) in paragraph (3)—
(i) in subparagraph (R), by striking
‘‘and’’ at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (S), by striking
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’;
and
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
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‘‘(T) to pursue a long-term climate tech-
nology strategy designed to demonstrate a vari-
ety of technologies by which stabilization of
greenhouse gases might be best achieved, includ-
ing accelerated research, development, dem-
onstration and deployment of—
‘‘(i) renewable energy systems;
‘‘(ii) advanced fossil energy technology;
‘‘(iii) advanced nuclear power plant
design;
‘‘(iv) fuel cell technology for residen-
tial, industrial and transportation applica-
tions;
‘‘(v) carbon sequestration practices and
technologies, including agricultural and for-
estry practices that store and sequester car-
bon;
‘‘(vi) efficient electrical generation,
transmission and distribution technologies;
and
‘‘(vii) efficient end use energy tech-
nologies.’’.
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Subtitle B—Department of
Agriculture Programs
SEC. 1311. CARBON SEQUESTRATION BASIC AND APPLIED
RESEARCH.
(a) BASIC RESEARCH.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture
shall carry out research in the areas of soil science
that promote understanding of—
(A) the net sequestration of organic carbon
in soil; and
(B) net emissions of other greenhouse gases
from agriculture.
(2) AGRICULTURAL
RESEARCH
SERVICE.—The
Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Agricul-
tural Research Service, shall collaborate with other
Federal agencies in developing data and carrying out
research addressing soil carbon fluxes (losses and
gains) and net emissions of methane and nitrous
oxide from cultivation and animal management ac-
tivities.
(3) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EXTENSION,
AND EDUCATION SERVICE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture, acting through the Cooperative State Re-
search, Extension, and Education Service, shall
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establish a competitive grant program to carry
out research on the matters described in para-
graph (1) in land grant universities and other
research institutions.
(B) CONSULTATION
ON
RESEARCH
TOP-
ICS.—Before issuing a request for proposals for
basic research under paragraph (1), the Coopera-
tive State Research, Extension, and Education
Service shall consult with the Agricultural Re-
search Service to ensure that proposed research
areas are complementary with and do not dupli-
cate research projects underway at the Agricul-
tural Research Service or other Federal agencies.
(b) APPLIED RESEARCH.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture
shall carry out applied research in the areas of soil
science, agronomy, agricultural economics and other
agricultural sciences to—
(A) promote understanding of—
(i) how agricultural and forestry prac-
tices affect the sequestration of organic and
inorganic carbon in soil and net emissions
of other greenhouse gases;
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(ii) how changes in soil carbon pools
are cost-effectively measured, monitored,
and verified; and
(iii) how public programs and private
market approaches can be devised to incor-
porate carbon sequestration in a broader so-
cietal greenhouse gas emission reduction ef-
fort;
(B) develop methods for establishing base-
lines for measuring the quantities of carbon and
other greenhouse gases sequestered; and
(C) evaluate leakage and performance
issues.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent
practicable, applied research under paragraph (1)
shall—
(A) draw on existing technologies and meth-
ods; and
(B) strive to provide methodologies that are
accessible to a nontechnical audience.
(3) MINIMIZATION OF ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS.—All applied research under paragraph (1)
shall be conducted with an emphasis on minimizing
adverse environmental impacts.
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(4) NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERV-
ICE.—The Secretary of Agriculture, acting through
the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall col-
laborate with other Federal agencies, including the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, in
developing new measuring techniques and equipment
or adapting existing techniques and equipment to en-
able cost-effective and accurate monitoring and
verification, for a wide range of agricultural and for-
estry practices, of—
(A) changes in soil carbon content in agri-
cultural soils, plants, and trees; and
(B) net emissions of other greenhouse gases.
(5) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EXTENSION,
AND EDUCATION SERVICE.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture, acting through the Cooperative State Re-
search, Extension, and Education Service, shall
establish a competitive grant program to encour-
age research on the matters described in para-
graph (1) by land grant universities and other
research institutions.
(B) CONSULTATION
ON
RESEARCH
TOP-
ICS.—Before issuing a request for proposals for
applied research under paragraph (1), the Coop-
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erative State Research, Extension, and Edu-
cation Service shall consult with the National
Resources Conservation Service and the Agricul-
tural Research Service to ensure that proposed
research areas are complementary with and do
not duplicate research projects underway at the
Agricultural Research Service or other Federal
agencies.
(c) RESEARCH CONSORTIA.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture
may designate not more than two research consortia
to carry out research projects under this section, with
the requirement that the consortia propose to conduct
basic research under subsection (a) and applied re-
search under subsection (b).
(2) SELECTION.—The consortia shall be selected
in a competitive manner by the Cooperative State Re-
search, Extension, and Education Service.
(3) ELIGIBLE CONSORTIUM PARTICIPANTS.—En-
tities eligible to participate in a consortium
include—
(A) land grant colleges and universities;
(B) private research institutions;
(C) State geological surveys;
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(D) agencies of the Department of Agri-
culture;
(E) research centers of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration and the De-
partment of Energy;
(F) other Federal agencies;
(G) representatives of agricultural busi-
nesses and organizations with demonstrated ex-
pertise in these areas; and
(H) representatives of the private sector
with demonstrated expertise in these areas.
(4) RESERVATION OF FUNDING.—If the Secretary
of Agriculture designates one or two consortia, the
Secretary of Agriculture shall reserve for research
projects carried out by the consortium or consortia
not more than 25 percent of the amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section for a fiscal year.
(d) STANDARDS OF PRECISION.—
(1) CONFERENCE.—Not later than 3 years after
the date of enactment of this subtitle, the Secretary of
Agriculture, acting through the Agricultural Research
Service and in consultation with the Natural Re-
sources Conservation Service, shall convene a con-
ference of key scientific experts on carbon sequestra-
tion and measurement techniques from various sectors
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(including the Government, academic, and private
sectors) to—
(A) discuss benchmark standards of preci-
sion for measuring soil carbon content and net
emissions of other greenhouse gases;
(B) designate packages of measurement
techniques and modeling approaches to achieve a
level of precision agreed on by the participants
in the conference; and
(C) evaluate results of analyses on baseline,
permanence, and leakage issues.
(2) DEVELOPMENT
OF
BENCHMARK
STAND-
ARDS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall de-
velop benchmark standards for measuring the
carbon content of soils and plants (including
trees) based on—
(i) information from the conference
under paragraph (1);
(ii) research conducted under this sec-
tion; and
(iii) other information available to the
Secretary.
(B) OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC COMMENT.—
The Secretary shall provide an opportunity for
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the public to comment on benchmark standards
developed under subparagraph (A).
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the
conclusion of the conference under paragraph (1), the
Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives
and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
Forestry of the Senate a report on the results of the
conference.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.
(2) ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section for a fiscal year, at least
50 percent shall be allocated for competitive grants by
the Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Edu-
cation Service.
SEC. 1312. CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEMONSTRATION
PROJECTS AND OUTREACH.
(a) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.—
(1) 
DEVELOPMENT
OF
MONITORING
PRO-
GRAMS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture, acting through the Natural Resources
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Conservation Service and in cooperation with
local extension agents, experts from land grant
universities, and other local agricultural or con-
servation organizations, shall develop user-
friendly programs that combine measurement
tools and modeling techniques into integrated
packages to monitor the carbon sequestering ben-
efits of conservation practices and net changes in
greenhouse gas emissions.
(B) BENCHMARK LEVELS OF PRECISION.—
The programs developed under subparagraph (A)
shall strive to achieve benchmark levels of preci-
sion in measurement in a cost-effective manner.
(2) PROJECTS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture, acting through the Farm Service Agency,
shall establish a program under which projects
use the monitoring programs developed under
paragraph (1) to demonstrate the feasibility of
methods 
of 
measuring, 
verifying, 
and
monitoring—
(i) changes in organic carbon content
and other carbon pools in agricultural soils,
plants, and trees; and
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(ii) net changes in emissions of other
greenhouse gases.
(B) EVALUATION
OF
IMPLICATIONS.—The
projects under subparagraph (A) shall include
evaluation of the implications for reassessed
baselines, carbon or other greenhouse gas leakage,
and permanence of sequestration.
(C) SUBMISSION OF PROPOSALS.—Proposals
for projects under subparagraph (A) shall be sub-
mitted by the appropriate agency of each State,
in cooperation with interested local jurisdictions
and State agricultural and conservation organi-
zations.
(D) 
LIMITATION.—Not 
more 
than 
projects under subparagraph (A) may be ap-
proved in conjunction with applied research
projects under section 1311(b) until benchmark
measurement and assessment standards are es-
tablished under section 1311(d).
(E) NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LAND.—The
Secretary of Agriculture shall consider the use of
National Forest System land as sites to dem-
onstrate the feasibility of monitoring programs
developed under paragraph (1).
(b) OUTREACH.—
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Cooperative State Re-
search, Extension, and Education Service shall widely
disseminate information about the economic and envi-
ronmental benefits that can be generated by adoption
of conservation practices (including benefits from in-
creased sequestration of carbon and reduced emission
of other greenhouse gases).
(2) PROJECT RESULTS.—The Cooperative State
Research, Extension, and Education Service shall in-
form farmers, ranchers, and State agricultural and
energy offices in each State of—
(A) the results of demonstration projects
under subsection (a)(2) in the State; and
(B) the ways in which the methods dem-
onstrated in the projects might be applicable to
the operations of those farmers and ranchers.
(3) POLICY OUTREACH.—On a periodic basis, the
Cooperative State Research, Extension, and Edu-
cation Service shall disseminate information on the
policy nexus between global climate change mitigation
strategies and agriculture, so that farmers and ranch-
ers may better understand the global implications of
the activities of farmers and ranchers.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
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(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2003 through 2006.
(2) ALLOCATION.—Of the amounts made avail-
able to carry out this section for a fiscal year, at least
50 percent shall be allocated for demonstration
projects under subsection (a)(2).
SEC. 1313. CARBON STORAGE AND SEQUESTRATION AC-
COUNTING RESEARCH.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture, in
collaboration with the heads of other Federal agencies, shall
conduct research on, develop, and publish as appropriate,
carbon storage and sequestration accounting models, ref-
erence tables, or other tools that can assist landowners and
others in cost-effective and reliable quantification of the car-
bon release, sequestration, and storage expected to result
from various resource uses, land uses, practices, activities
or forest, agricultural, or cropland management practices
over various periods of time.
(b) PILOT PROGRAMS.—The Secretary of Agriculture
shall make competitive grants to not more than five eligible
entities to carry out pilot programs to demonstrate and as-
sess the potential for development and use of carbon inven-
tories and accounting systems that can assist in developing
and assessing carbon storage and sequestration policies and
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programs. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, in collaboration
with the heads of other Federal agencies and with other in-
terested parties, shall develop guidelines for such pilot pro-
grams, including eligibility for awards, application con-
tents, reporting requirements, and mechanisms for peer re-
view.
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 5 years after the date of
enactment of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, in
collaboration with the heads of other Federal agencies, shall
submit to Congress a report on the technical, institutional,
infrastructure, design and funding needs to establish and
maintain a national carbon storage and sequestration base-
line and accounting system. The report shall include docu-
mentation of the results of each of the pilot programs.
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the
purposes of this section, there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary of Agriculture $20,000,000 for fis-
cal years 2003 through 2007.
Subtitle C—International Energy
Technology Transfer
SEC. 1321. CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS PRO-
GRAM.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
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(1) CLEAN
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY.—The term
‘‘clean energy technology’’ means an energy supply or
end-use technology that, over its lifecycle and com-
pared to a similar technology already in commercial
use in developing countries, countries in transition,
and other partner countries—
(A) emits substantially lower levels of pol-
lutants or greenhouse gases; and
(B) may generate substantially smaller or
less toxic volumes of solid or liquid waste.
(2) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.—The term
‘‘interagency working group’’ means the Interagency
Working Group on Clean Energy Technology Exports
established under subsection (b).
(b) INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.—
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days
after the date of enactment of this section, the Sec-
retary of Energy, the Secretary of Commerce, and the
Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development shall jointly establish a Inter-
agency Working Group on Clean Energy Technology
Exports. The interagency working group will focus on
opening and expanding energy markets and transfer-
ring clean energy technology to the developing coun-
tries, countries in transition, and other partner coun-
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tries that are expected to experience, over the next 20
years, the most significant growth in energy produc-
tion and associated greenhouse gas emissions, includ-
ing through technology transfer programs under the
Framework Convention on Climate Change, other
international agreements, and relevant Federal ef-
forts.
(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The interagency working
group shall be jointly chaired by representatives ap-
pointed by the agency heads under paragraph (1) and
shall also include representatives from the Depart-
ment of State, the Department of the Treasury, the
Environmental Protection Agency, the Export-Import
Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation,
the Trade and Development Agency, and other Fed-
eral agencies as deemed appropriate by all three agen-
cy heads under paragraph (1).
(3) DUTIES.—The interagency working group
shall—
(A) analyze technology, policy, and market
opportunities for international development,
demonstration, and deployment of clean energy
technology;
(B) investigate issues associated with build-
ing capacity to deploy clean energy technology
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in developing countries, countries in transition,
and other partner countries, including—
(i) energy-sector reform;
(ii) creation of open, transparent, and
competitive markets for energy technologies;
(iii) availability of trained personnel
to deploy and maintain the technology; and
(iv) demonstration and cost-buydown
mechanisms to promote first adoption of the
technology;
(C) examine relevant trade, tax, inter-
national, and other policy issues to assess what
policies would help open markets and improve
United States clean energy technology exports in
support of the following areas—
(i) enhancing energy innovation and
cooperation, including energy sector and
market reform, capacity building, and fi-
nancing measures;
(ii) improving energy end-use effi-
ciency technologies, including buildings and
facilities, vehicle, industrial, and co-genera-
tion technology initiatives; and
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(iii) promoting energy supply tech-
nologies, including fossil, nuclear, and re-
newable technology initiatives;
(D) establish an advisory committee involv-
ing the private sector and other interested groups
on the export and deployment of clean energy
technology;
(E) monitor each agency’s progress towards
meeting goals in the 5-year strategic plan sub-
mitted to Congress pursuant to the Energy and
Water Development Appropriations Act, 2001,
and the Energy and Water Development Appro-
priations Act, 2002;
(F) make recommendations to heads of ap-
propriate Federal agencies on ways to streamline
Federal programs and policies to improve each
agency’s role in the international development,
demonstration, and deployment of clean energy
technology;
(G) make assessments and recommendations
regarding the distinct technological, market, re-
gional, and stakeholder challenges necessary to
carry out the program; and
(H) recommend conditions and criteria that
will help ensure that United States funds pro-
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mote sound energy policies in participating
countries while simultaneously opening their
markets and exporting United States energy
technology.
(c) FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR CLEAN ENERGY TECH-
NOLOGY TRANSFER.—Notwithstanding any other provision
of law, each Federal agency or Government corporation car-
rying out an assistance program in support of the activities
of United States persons in the environment or energy sec-
tor of a developing country, country in transition, or other
partner country shall support, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the transfer of United States clean energy tech-
nology as part of that program.
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, and on April 1st of
each year thereafter, the Interagency Working Group shall
submit a report to Congress on its activities during the pre-
ceding calendar year. The report shall include a description
of the technology, policy, and market opportunities for
international development, demonstration, and deployment
of clean energy technology investigated by the Interagency
Working Group in that year, as well as any policy rec-
ommendations to improve the expansion of clean energy
markets and United States clean energy technology exports.
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(e) REPORT ON USE OF FUNDS.—Not later than Octo-
ber 1, 2002, and each year thereafter, the Secretary of State,
in consultation with other Federal agencies, shall submit
a report to Congress indicating how United States funds
appropriated for clean energy technology exports and other
relevant Federal programs are being directed in a manner
that promotes sound energy policy commitments in devel-
oping countries, countries in transition, and other partner
countries, including efforts pursuant to multilateral envi-
ronmental agreements.
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the departments, agencies,
and entities of the United States described in subsection (b)
such sums as may be necessary to support the transfer of
clean energy technology, consistent with the subsidy codes
of the World Trade Organization, as part of assistance pro-
grams carried out by those departments, agencies, and enti-
ties in support of activities of United States persons in the
energy sector of a developing country, country in transition,
or other partner country.
SEC. 1322. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEPLOY-
MENT PROGRAM.
Section 1608 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42
U.S.C. 13387) is amended by striking subsection (l) and
inserting the following:
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‘‘(l) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEPLOY-
MENT PROGRAM.—
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:
‘‘(A) INTERNATIONAL ENERGY DEPLOYMENT
PROJECT.—The term ‘international energy de-
ployment project’ means a project to construct
an energy production facility outside the United
States—
‘‘(i) the output of which will be con-
sumed outside the United States; and
‘‘(ii) the deployment of which will re-
sult in a greenhouse gas reduction per unit
of energy produced when compared to the
technology 
that 
would 
otherwise 
be
implemented—
‘‘(I) 10 percentage points or more,
in the case of a unit placed in service
before January 1, 2010;
‘‘(II) 20 percentage points or
more, in the case of a unit placed in
service after December 31, 2009, and
before January 1, 2020; or
‘‘(III) 30 percentage points or
more, in the case of a unit placed in
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service after December 31, 2019, and
before January 1, 2030.
‘‘(B) QUALIFYING INTERNATIONAL ENERGY
DEPLOYMENT
PROJECT.—The term ‘qualifying
international energy deployment project’ means
an international energy deployment project
that—
‘‘(i) is submitted by a United States
firm to the Secretary in accordance with
procedures established by the Secretary by
regulation;
‘‘(ii) uses technology that has been suc-
cessfully developed or deployed in the
United States;
‘‘(iii) meets the criteria of subsection
(k);
‘‘(iv) is approved by the Secretary,
with notice of the approval being published
in the Federal Register; and
‘‘(v) complies with such terms and con-
ditions as the Secretary establishes by regu-
lation.
‘‘(C) UNITED STATES.—For purposes of this
paragraph, the term ‘United States’, when used
in a geographical sense, means the 50 States, the
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District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the
Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Com-
monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
‘‘(2) PILOT
PROGRAM
FOR
FINANCIAL
ASSIST-
ANCE.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180
days after the date of enactment of this sub-
section, the Secretary shall, by regulation, pro-
vide for a pilot program for financial assistance
for qualifying international energy deployment
projects.
‘‘(B) SELECTION CRITERIA.—After consulta-
tion with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of
Commerce, and the United States Trade Rep-
resentative, the Secretary shall select projects for
participation in the program based solely on the
criteria under this title and without regard to
the country in which the project is located.
‘‘(C) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A United States
firm that undertakes a qualifying inter-
national energy deployment project that is
selected to participate in the pilot program
shall be eligible to receive a loan or a loan
guarantee from the Secretary.
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‘‘(ii) RATE OF INTEREST.—The rate of
interest of any loan made under clause (i)
shall be equal to the rate for Treasury obli-
gations then issued for periods of com-
parable maturities.
‘‘(iii) AMOUNT.—The amount of a loan
or loan guarantee under clause (i) shall not
exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the
qualified international energy deployment
project.
‘‘(iv) DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.—Loans
or loan guarantees made for projects to be
located in a developed country, as listed in
Annex I of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, shall re-
quire at least a 50 percent contribution to-
wards the total cost of the loan or loan
guarantee by the host country.
‘‘(v) DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.—Loans
or loan guarantees made for projects to be
located in a developing country (those coun-
tries not listed in Annex I of the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change) shall require at least a 10 percent
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contribution towards the total cost of the
loan or loan guarantee by the host country.
‘‘(vi) 
CAPACITY
BUILDING
RE-
SEARCH.—Proposals made for projects to be
located in a developing country may in-
clude a research component intended to
build technological capacity within the host
country. Such research must be related to
the technologies being deployed and must
involve both an institution in the host coun-
try and an industry, university or national
laboratory participant from the United
States. The host institution shall contribute
at least 50 percent of funds provided for the
capacity building research.
‘‘(D) COORDINATION
WITH
OTHER
PRO-
GRAMS.—A qualifying international energy de-
ployment project funded under this section shall
not be eligible as a qualifying clean coal tech-
nology under section 415 of the Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. 7651n).
‘‘(E) REPORT.—Not later than 5 years after
the date of enactment of this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the President a report on
the results of the pilot projects.
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‘‘(F) RECOMMENDATION.—Not later than 60
days after receiving the report under subpara-
graph (E), the President shall submit to Con-
gress a recommendation, based on the results of
the pilot projects as reported by the Secretary of
Energy, concerning whether the financial assist-
ance program under this section should be con-
tinued, expanded, reduced, or eliminated.
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each
of fiscal years 2003 through 2011, to remain available
until expended.’’.
Subtitle D—Climate Change
Science and Information
PART I—AMENDMENTS TO THE GLOBAL
CHANGE RESEARCH ACT OF 1990
SEC. 1331. AMENDMENT OF GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH
ACT OF 1990.
Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in
this subtitle an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms
of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provi-
sion, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section
or other provision of the Global Change Research Act of
1990 (15 U.S.C. 2921 et seq.).
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SEC. 1332. CHANGES IN DEFINITIONS.
Paragraph (1) of section 2 (15 U.S.C. 2921) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘Earth and Environmental Sciences’’ insert-
ing ‘‘Global Change Research’’.
SEC. 1333. CHANGE IN COMMITTEE NAME AND STRUCTURE.
Section 102 (15 U.S.C. 2932) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘EARTH
AND
ENVIRON-
MENTAL SCIENCES’’ in the section heading and in-
serting ‘‘GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘Earth and Environmental
Sciences’’ in subsection (a) and inserting ‘‘Global
Change Research’’;
(3) by striking the last sentence of subsection (b)
and inserting ‘‘The representatives shall be the Dep-
uty Secretary or the Deputy Secretary’s designee (or,
in the case of an agency other than a department, the
deputy head of that agency or the deputy’s des-
ignee).’’;
(4) by striking ‘‘Chairman of the Council,’’ in
subsection (c) and inserting ‘‘Director of the Office of
National Climate Change Policy with advice from the
Chairman of the Council, and’’;
(5) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as
subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and
(6) by inserting after subsection (c) the fol-
lowing:
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‘‘(d) SUBCOMMITTEES AND WORKING GROUPS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—There shall be a Sub-
committee on Global Change Research, which shall
carry out such functions of the Committee as the
Committee may assign to it.
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The membership of the
Subcommittee shall consist of—
‘‘(A) the membership of the Subcommittee
on Global Change Research of the Committee on
Environment and Natural Resources (the func-
tions of which are transferred to the Sub-
committee established by this subsection) estab-
lished by the National Science and Technology
Council; and
‘‘(B) such additional members as the Chair
of the Committee may, from time to time, ap-
point.
‘‘(3) CHAIR.—A high ranking official of one of
the departments or agencies described in subsection
(b), appointed by the Chair of the Committee with ad-
vice from the Chairman of the Council, shall chair the
subcommittee. The Chairperson shall be knowledgeable
and experienced with regard to the administration of
scientific research programs, and shall be a represent-
ative of an agency that contributes substantially, in
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terms of scientific research capability and budget, to
the Program.
‘‘(4) OTHER
SUBCOMMITTEES
AND
WORKING
GROUPS.—The Committee may establish such addi-
tional subcommittees and working groups as it sees
fit.’’.
SEC. 1334. CHANGE IN NATIONAL GLOBAL CHANGE RE-
SEARCH PLAN.
Section 104 (15 U.S.C. 2934) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘short-term and long-term’’ be-
fore ‘‘goals’’ in subsection (b)(1);
(2) by striking ‘‘usable information on which to
base policy decisions related to’’ in subsection (b)(1)
and inserting ‘‘information relevant and readily usa-
ble by local, State, and Federal decisionmakers, as
well as other end-users, for the formulation of effective
decisions and strategies for measuring, predicting,
preventing, mitigating, and adapting to’’;
(3) by adding at the end of subsection (c) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(6) Methods for integrating information to pro-
vide predictive and other tools for planning and deci-
sionmaking by governments, communities and the
private sector.’’;
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(4) by striking subsection (d)(3) and inserting
the following:
‘‘(3) combine and interpret data from various
sources to produce information readily usable by
local, State, and Federal policymakers, and other end-
users, attempting to formulate effective decisions and
strategies for preventing, mitigating, and adapting to
the effects of global change.’’;
(5) by striking ‘‘and’’ in subsection (d)(2);
(6) by striking ‘‘change.’’ in subsection (d)(3)
and inserting ‘‘change; and’’;
(7) by adding at the end of subsection (d) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(4) establish a common assessment and mod-
eling framework that may be used in both research
and operations to predict and assess the vulnerability
of natural and managed ecosystems and of human so-
ciety in the context of other environmental and social
changes.’’; and
(8) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(g) STRATEGIC PLAN; REVISED IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN.—The Chairman of the Council, through the Com-
mittee, shall develop a strategic plan for the United States
Global Climate Change Research Program for the 10-year
period beginning in 2002 and submit the plan to the Con-
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gress within 180 days after the date of enactment of the
Global Climate Change Act of 2002. The Chairman, through
the Committee, shall also submit revised implementation
plans as required under subsection (a).’’.
SEC. 1335. INTEGRATED PROGRAM OFFICE.
Section 105 (15 U.S.C. 2935) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsections (a), (b), and (c)
as subsections (b), (c), and (d), respectively; and
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesig-
nated, the following:
‘‘(a) INTEGRATED PROGRAM OFFICE.—
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in
the Office of Science and Technology Policy an inte-
grated program office for the global change research
program.
‘‘(2) ORGANIZATION.—The integrated program
office established under paragraph (1) shall be headed
by the associate director with responsibility for cli-
mate change science and technology and shall include,
to the maximum extent feasible, a representative from
each Federal agency participating in the global
change research program.
‘‘(3) FUNCTION.—The integrated program office
shall—
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‘‘(A) manage, working in conjunction with
the Committee, interagency coordination and
program integration of global change research
activities and budget requests;
‘‘(B) ensure that the activities and pro-
grams of each Federal agency or department
participating in the program address the goals
and objectives identified in the strategic research
plan and interagency implementation plans;
‘‘(C) ensure program and budget rec-
ommendations of the Committee are commu-
nicated to the President and are integrated into
the climate change action strategy;
‘‘(D) review, solicit, and identify, and allo-
cate funds for, partnership projects that address
critical research objectives or operational goals of
the program, including projects that would fill
research gaps identified by the program, and for
which project resources are shared among at
least two agencies participating in the program;
and
‘‘(E) review and provide recommendations
on, in conjunction with the Committee, all an-
nual appropriations requests from Federal agen-
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cies or departments participating in the pro-
gram.’’;
(3) by striking ‘‘Committee.’’ in paragraph (2)
of subsection (c), as redesignated, and inserting
‘‘Committee and the Integrated Program Office.’’; and
(4) by inserting ‘‘and the Integrated Program
Office’’ after ‘‘Committee’’ in paragraph (1) of sub-
section (d), as redesignated.
SEC. 1336. RESEARCH GRANTS.
Section 105 (15 U.S.C. 2935) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection
(d); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(c) RESEARCH GRANTS.—
‘‘(1) COMMITTEE TO DEVELOP LIST OF PRIORITY
RESEARCH AREAS.—The Committee shall develop a
list of priority areas for research and development on
climate change that are not being addressed by Fed-
eral agencies.
‘‘(2) DIRECTOR OF OSTP TO TRANSMIT LIST TO
NSF.—The Director of the Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy shall transmit the list to the National
Science Foundation.
‘‘(3) FUNDING THROUGH NSF.—
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‘‘(A) BUDGET
REQUEST.—The National
Science Foundation shall include, as part of the
annual request for appropriations for the Science
and Technology Policy Institute, a request for
appropriations to fund research in the priority
areas on the list developed under paragraph (1).
‘‘(B) AUTHORIZATION.—For fiscal year
2003 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are
authorized to be appropriated to the National
Science Foundation not less than $17,000,000, to
be made available through the Science and Tech-
nology Policy Institute, for research in those pri-
ority areas.’’.
SEC. 1337. EVALUATION OF INFORMATION.
Section 106 (15 U.S.C. 2936) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘Scientific’’ in the section
heading;
(2) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon in
paragraph (2); and
(3) by striking ‘‘years.’’ in paragraph (3) and
inserting ‘‘years; and’’; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) evaluates the information being developed
under this title, considering in particular its useful-
ness to local, State, and national decisionmakers, as
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well as to other stakeholders such as the private sector,
after providing a meaningful opportunity for the con-
sideration of the views of such stakeholders on the ef-
fectiveness of the Program and the usefulness of the
information.’’.
PART II—NATIONAL CLIMATE SERVICES
AND MONITORING
SEC. 1341. AMENDMENT OF NATIONAL CLIMATE PROGRAM
ACT.
Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in
this subtitle an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms
of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provi-
sion, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section
or other provision of the National Climate Program Act (15
U.S.C. 2901 et seq.).
SEC. 1342. CHANGES IN FINDINGS.
Section 2 (15 U.S.C. 2901) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘Weather and climate change af-
fect’’ in paragraph (1) and inserting ‘‘Weather, cli-
mate change, and climate variability affect public
safety, environmental security, human health,’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘climate’’ in paragraph (2) and
inserting ‘‘climate, including seasonal and decadal
fluctuations,’’;
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(3) by striking ‘‘changes.’’ in paragraph (5) and
inserting ‘‘changes and providing free exchange of me-
teorological data.’’; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(7) The present rate of advance in research and
development and application of such advances is in-
adequate and new developments must be incorporated
rapidly into services for the benefit of the public.
‘‘(8) The United States lacks adequate infra-
structure and research to meet national climate moni-
toring and prediction needs.’’.
SEC. 1343. TOOLS FOR REGIONAL PLANNING.
Section 5(d) (15 U.S.C. 2904(d)) is amended—
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (9)
as paragraphs (5) through (10), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(4) methods for improving modeling and pre-
dictive capabilities and developing assessment meth-
ods to guide national, regional, and local planning
and decisionmaking on land use, water hazards, and
related issues;’’;
(3) by inserting ‘‘sharing,’’ after ‘‘collection,’’ in
paragraph (5), as redesignated;
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(4) by striking ‘‘experimental’’ each place it ap-
pears in paragraph (9), as redesignated;
(5) by striking ‘‘preliminary’’ in paragraph
(10), as redesignated;
(6) by striking ‘‘this Act,’’ the first place it ap-
pears in paragraph (10), as redesignated, and insert-
ing ‘‘the Global Climate Change Act of 2002,’’; and
(7) by striking ‘‘this Act,’’ the second place it ap-
pears in paragraph (10), as redesignated, and insert-
ing ‘‘that Act,’’.
SEC. 1344. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Section 9 (15 U.S.C. 2908) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘1979,’’ and inserting ‘‘2002,’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘1980,’’ and inserting ‘‘2003,’’;
(3) by striking ‘‘1981,’’ and inserting ‘‘2004,’’;
and
(4) by striking ‘‘$25,500,000’’ and inserting
‘‘$75,500,000’’.
SEC. 1345. NATIONAL CLIMATE SERVICE PLAN.
The Act (15 U.S.C. 2901 et seq.) is amended by insert-
ing after section 5 the following:
‘‘SEC. 6. NATIONAL CLIMATE SERVICE PLAN.
‘‘Within 1 year after the date of enactment of the Glob-
al Climate Change Act of 2002, the Secretary of Commerce
shall submit to the Senate Committee on Commerce,
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Science, and Transportation and the House Science Com-
mittee a plan of action for a National Climate Service
under the National Climate Program. The plan shall set
forth recommendations and funding estimates for—
‘‘(1) a national center for operational climate
monitoring and predicting with the functional capac-
ity to monitor and adjust observing systems as nec-
essary to reduce bias;
‘‘(2) the design, deployment, and operation of an
adequate national climate observing system that
builds upon existing environmental monitoring sys-
tems and closes gaps in coverage by existing systems;
‘‘(3) the establishment of a national coordinated
modeling strategy, including a national climate mod-
eling center to provide a dedicated capability for cli-
mate modeling and a regular schedule of projections
on a long- and short-term time schedule and at a
range of spatial scales;
‘‘(4) improvements in modeling and assessment
capabilities needed to integrate information to predict
regional and local climate changes and impacts;
‘‘(5) in coordination with the private sector, im-
proving the capacity to assess the impacts of pre-
dicted and projected climate changes and variations;
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‘‘(6) a program for long-term stewardship, qual-
ity control, development of relevant climate products,
and efficient access to all relevant climate data, prod-
ucts, and critical model simulations; and
‘‘(7) mechanisms to coordinate among Federal
agencies, State, and local government entities and the
academic community to ensure timely and full shar-
ing and dissemination of climate information and
services, both domestically and internationally.’’.
SEC. 1346. INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC RESEARCH AND CO-
OPERATION.
The Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration, shall conduct international research in the
Pacific region that will increase understanding of the na-
ture and predictability of climate variability in the Asia-
Pacific sector, including regional aspects of global environ-
mental change. Such research activities shall be conducted
in cooperation with other nations of the region. There are
authorized to be appropriated for purposes of this section
$1,500,000 to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, $1,500,000 to the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, and $500,000 for the Pacific ENSO
Applications Center.
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SEC. 1347. REPORTING ON TRENDS.
(a) ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING
AND VERIFICATION
PROGRAM.—The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination
with relevant Federal agencies, shall, as part of the Na-
tional Climate Service, establish an atmospheric moni-
toring and verification program utilizing aircraft, satellite,
ground sensors, and modeling capabilities to monitor, meas-
ure, and verify atmospheric greenhouse gas levels, dates,
and emissions. Where feasible, the program shall measure
emissions from identified sources participating in the re-
porting system for verification purposes. The program shall
use measurements and standards that are consistent with
those utilized in the greenhouse gas measurement and re-
porting system established under subsection (a) and the reg-
istry established under section 1102.
(b) ANNUAL REPORTING.—The Secretary of Commerce
shall issue an annual report that identifies greenhouse emis-
sions and trends on a local, regional, and national level.
The report shall also identify emissions or reductions attrib-
utable to individual or multiple sources covered by the
greenhouse gas measurement and reporting system estab-
lished under section 1102.
SEC. 1348. ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY.
(a) ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION.—Section 103(d)
of the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C.
4102(d)) is amended—
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(1) by striking ‘‘exceed 90 days’’ in the second
sentence of paragraph (1) and inserting ‘‘exceed, in
the case of the chairperson of the Commission, 120
days, and, in the case of any other member of the
Commission, 90 days,’’;
(2) by striking ‘‘Chairman’’ in paragraph (2)
and inserting ‘‘chairperson’’.
(b) GRANTS.—Section 104 of the Arctic Research and
Policy Act of 1984 (15 U.S.C. 4103) is amended by adding
at the end the following:
‘‘(c) FUNDING FOR ARCTIC RESEARCH.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—With the prior approval of
the commission, or under authority delegated by the
Commission, and subject to such conditions as the
Commission may specify, the Executive Director ap-
pointed under section 106(a) may—
‘‘(A) make grants to persons to conduct re-
search concerning the Arctic; and
‘‘(B) make funds available to the National
Science Foundation or to Federal agencies for
the conduct of research concerning the Arctic.
‘‘(2) EFFECT OF ACTION BY EXECUTIVE DIREC-
TOR.—An action taken by the executive director
under paragraph (1) shall be final and binding on
the Commission.
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‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Com-
mission such sums as are necessary to carry out this
section.’’.
SEC. 1349. ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH.
(a) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce,
through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration, shall carry out a program of scientific research on
potential abrupt climate change designed—
(1) to develop a global array of terrestrial and
oceanographic indicators of paleoclimate in order suf-
ficiently to identify and describe past instances of ab-
rupt climate change;
(2) to improve understanding of thresholds and
nonlinearities in geophysical systems related to the
mechanisms of abrupt climate change;
(3) to incorporate these mechanisms into ad-
vanced geophysical models of climate change; and
(4) to test the output of these models against an
improved global array of records of past abrupt cli-
mate changes.
(b) ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘‘abrupt climate change’’ means a change in
climate that occurs so rapidly or unexpectedly that human
or natural systems may have difficulty adapting to it.
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(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce
$10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2003 through 2008,
and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years after
fiscal year 2008, to carry out subsection (a).
PART III—OCEAN AND COASTAL
OBSERVING SYSTEM
SEC. 1351. OCEAN AND COASTAL OBSERVING SYSTEM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President, through the Na-
tional Ocean Research Leadership Council, established by
section 7902(a) of title 10, United States Code, shall estab-
lish and maintain an integrated ocean and coastal observ-
ing system that provides for long-term, continuous, and
real-time observations of the oceans and coasts for the pur-
poses of—
(1) understanding, assessing and responding to
human-induced and natural processes of global
change;
(2) improving weather forecasts and public
warnings;
(3) strengthening national security and military
preparedness;
(4) enhancing the safety and efficiency of marine
operations;
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(5) supporting efforts to restore the health of and
manage coastal and marine ecosystems and living re-
sources;
(6) monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of
ocean and coastal environmental policies;
(7) reducing and mitigating ocean and coastal
pollution; and
(8) providing information that contributes to
public awareness of the state and importance of the
oceans.
(b) COUNCIL FUNCTIONS.—In addition to its respon-
sibilities under section 7902(a) of such title, the Council
shall be responsible for planning and coordinating the ob-
serving system and in carrying out this responsibility
shall—
(1) develop and submit to the Congress, within
6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, a
plan for implementing a national ocean and coastal
observing system that—
(A) uses an end-to-end engineering and de-
velopment approach to develop a system design
and schedule for operational implementation;
(B) determines how current and planned
observing activities can be integrated in a cost-
effective manner;
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(C) provides for regional and concept dem-
onstration projects;
(D) describes the role and estimated budget
of each Federal agency in implementing the
plan;
(E) contributes, to the extent practicable, to
the National Global Change Research Plan under
section 104 of the Global Change Research Act of
1990 (15 U.S.C. 2934); and
(F) makes recommendations for coordina-
tion of ocean observing activities of the United
States with those of other nations and inter-
national organizations;
(2) serve as the mechanism for coordinating Fed-
eral ocean observing requirements and activities;
(3) work with academic, State, industry and
other actual and potential users of the observing sys-
tem to make effective use of existing capabilities and
incorporate new technologies;
(4) approve standards and protocols for the ad-
ministration of the system, including—
(A) a common set of measurements to be
collected and distributed routinely and by uni-
form methods;
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(B) standards for quality control and as-
sessment of data;
(C) design, testing and employment of fore-
cast models for ocean conditions;
(D) data management, including data
transfer protocols and archiving; and
(E) designation of coastal ocean observing
regions; and
(5) in consultation with the Secretary of State,
provide representation at international meetings on
ocean observing programs and coordinate relevant
Federal activities with those of other nations.
(c) SYSTEM ELEMENTS.—The integrated ocean and
coastal observing system shall include the following ele-
ments:
(1) A nationally coordinated network of regional
coastal ocean observing systems that measure and dis-
seminate a common set of ocean observations and re-
lated products in a uniform manner and according to
sound scientific practice, but that are adapted to local
and regional needs.
(2) Ocean sensors for climate observations, in-
cluding the Arctic Ocean and sub-polar seas.
(3) Coastal, relocatable, and cabled sea floor ob-
servatories.
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(4) Broad bandwidth communications that are
capable of transmitting high volumes of data from
open ocean locations at low cost and in real time.
(5) Ocean data management and assimilation
systems that ensure full use of new sources of data
from space-borne and in situ sensors.
(6) Focused research programs.
(7) Technology development program to develop
new observing technologies and techniques, including
data management and dissemination.
(8) Public outreach and education.
SEC. 1352. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
For development and implementation of an integrated
ocean and coastal observation system under this title, in-
cluding financial assistance to regional coastal ocean ob-
serving systems, there are authorized to be appropriated
$235,000,000 in fiscal year 2003, $315,000,000 in fiscal
year 2004, $390,000,000 in fiscal year 2005, and
$445,000,000 in fiscal year 2006.
Subtitle E—Climate Change
Technology
SEC. 1361. NIST GREENHOUSE GAS FUNCTIONS.
Section 2(c) of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)) is amended—
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(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon in
paragraph (21);
(2) by redesignating paragraph (22) as para-
graph (23); and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (21) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(22) perform research to develop enhanced
measurements, calibrations, standards, and tech-
nologies which will enable the reduced production in
the United States of greenhouse gases associated with
global warming, including carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous 
oxide, 
ozone, 
perfluorocarbons, 
hydro-
fluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride; and’’.
SEC. 1362. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MEASUREMENT TECH-
NOLOGIES.
The Secretary of Commerce shall initiate a program
to develop, with technical assistance from appropriate Fed-
eral agencies, innovative standards and measurement tech-
nologies (including technologies to measure carbon changes
due to changes in land use cover) to calculate—
(1) greenhouse gas emissions and reductions
from agriculture, forestry, and other land use prac-
tices;
(2) noncarbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions
from transportation;
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(3) greenhouse gas emissions from facilities or
sources using remote sensing technology; and
(4) any other greenhouse gas emission or reduc-
tions for which no accurate or reliable measurement
technology exists.
SEC. 1363. ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
AND STANDARDS.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology
Act (15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.) is amended—
(1) by redesignating sections 17 through 32 as
sections 18 through 33, respectively; and
(2) by inserting after section 16 the following:
‘‘SEC. 17. CLIMATE CHANGE STANDARDS AND PROCESSES.
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish with-
in the Institute a program to perform and support research
on global climate change standards and processes, with the
goal of providing scientific and technical knowledge appli-
cable to the reduction of greenhouse gases (as defined in sec-
tion 4 of the Global Climate Change Act of 2002).
‘‘(b) RESEARCH PROGRAM.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director is authorized to
conduct, directly or through contracts or grants, a
global climate change standards and processes re-
search program.
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‘‘(2) RESEARCH
PROJECTS.—The specific con-
tents and priorities of the research program shall be
determined in consultation with appropriate Federal
agencies, including the Environmental Protection
Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, and the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration. The program generally shall
include basic and applied research—
‘‘(A) to develop and provide the enhanced
measurements, calibrations, data, models, and
reference material standards which will enable
the monitoring of greenhouse gases;
‘‘(B) to assist in establishing a baseline ref-
erence point for future trading in greenhouse
gases and the measurement of progress in emis-
sions reduction;
‘‘(C) that will be exchanged internationally
as scientific or technical information which has
the stated purpose of developing mutually recog-
nized measurements, standards, and procedures
for reducing greenhouse gases; and
‘‘(D) to assist in developing improved in-
dustrial processes designed to reduce or eliminate
greenhouse gases.
‘‘(c) NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORIES.—
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this section,
the Director shall utilize the collective skills of the Na-
tional Measurement Laboratories of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology to improve the
accuracy of measurements that will permit better un-
derstanding and control of these industrial chemical
processes and result in the reduction or elimination
of greenhouse gases.
‘‘(2) MATERIAL, PROCESS, AND
BUILDING
RE-
SEARCH.—The National Measurement Laboratories
shall conduct research under this subsection that
includes—
‘‘(A) developing material and manufac-
turing processes which are designed for energy ef-
ficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions
into the environment;
‘‘(B) developing environmentally-friendly,
‘green’ chemical processes to be used by industry;
and
‘‘(C) enhancing building performance with
a focus in developing standards or tools which
will help incorporate low- or no-emission tech-
nologies into building designs.
‘‘(3) STANDARDS
AND
TOOLS.—The National
Measurement Laboratories shall develop standards