130 
ernments identified as trade enforcement prior-
ities under this subsection in the calendar year 
preceding that report and, as relevant, any year 
before that calendar year. 
‘‘(b) 
SEMI-ANNUAL
ENFORCEMENT
CONSULTA-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—At the same time as the re-
porting under subsection (a)(3), and not later than 
January 31 of each following year, the Trade Rep-
resentative shall consult with the Committee on Fi-
nance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways 
and Means of the House of Representatives with re-
spect to the identification, prioritization, investiga-
tion, and resolution of acts, policies, or practices of 
foreign governments of concern with respect to obli-
gations under the WTO Agreements or any other 
trade agreement to which the United States is a 
party, or that otherwise create or maintain trade 
barriers. 
‘‘(2) ACTS, POLICIES, OR PRACTICES OF CON-
CERN.—The semi-annual enforcement consultations 
required by paragraph (1) shall address acts, poli-
cies, or practices of foreign governments that raise 
concerns with respect to obligations under the WTO 
Agreements or any other trade agreement to which 
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the United States is a party, or otherwise create or 
maintain trade barriers, including— 
‘‘(A) engagement with relevant trading 
partners; 
‘‘(B) strategies for addressing such con-
cerns; 
‘‘(C) availability and deployment of re-
sources to be used in the investigation or reso-
lution of such concerns; 
‘‘(D) the merits of any potential dispute 
resolution proceeding under the WTO Agree-
ments or any other trade agreement to which 
the United States is a party relating to such 
concerns; and 
‘‘(E) any other aspects of such concerns. 
‘‘(3) ACTIVE
INVESTIGATIONS.—The semi-an-
nual enforcement consultations required by para-
graph (1) shall address acts, policies, or practices 
that the Trade Representative is actively inves-
tigating with respect to obligations under the WTO 
Agreements or any other trade agreement to which 
the United States is a party, including— 
‘‘(A) strategies for addressing concerns 
raised by such acts, policies, or practices; 
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‘‘(B) any relevant timeline with respect to 
investigation of such acts, policies, or practices; 
‘‘(C) the merits of any potential dispute 
resolution proceeding under the WTO Agree-
ments or any other trade agreement to which 
the United States is a party with respect to 
such acts, policies, or practices; 
‘‘(D) barriers to the advancement of the 
investigation of such acts, policies, or practices; 
and 
‘‘(E) any other matters relating to the in-
vestigation of such acts, policies, or practices. 
‘‘(4) ONGOING ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS.—The 
semi-annual enforcement consultations required by 
paragraph (1) shall address all ongoing enforcement 
actions taken by or against the United States with 
respect to obligations under the WTO Agreements or 
any other trade agreement to which the United 
States is a party, including— 
‘‘(A) any relevant timeline with respect to 
such actions; 
‘‘(B) the merits of such actions; 
‘‘(C) any prospective implementation ac-
tions; 
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‘‘(D) potential implications for any law or 
regulation of the United States; 
‘‘(E) potential implications for United 
States stakeholders, domestic competitors, and 
exporters; and 
‘‘(F) other issues relating to such actions. 
‘‘(5) ENFORCEMENT
RESOURCES.—The semi- 
annual enforcement consultations required by para-
graph (1) shall address the availability and deploy-
ment of enforcement resources, resource constraints 
on monitoring and enforcement activities, and strat-
egies to address those constraints, including the use 
of available resources of other Federal agencies to 
enhance monitoring and enforcement capabilities. 
‘‘(c) INVESTIGATION AND RESOLUTION.—In the case 
of any acts, policies, or practices of a foreign government 
identified as a trade enforcement priority under subsection 
(a), the Trade Representative shall, not later than the date 
of the first semi-annual enforcement consultations held 
under subsection (b) after the identification of the pri-
ority, take appropriate action to address that priority, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(1) engagement with the foreign government 
to resolve concerns raised by such acts, policies, or 
practices; 
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‘‘(2) initiation of an investigation under section 
302(b)(1) with respect to such acts, policies, or 
practices; 
‘‘(3) initiation of negotiations for a bilateral 
agreement that provides for resolution of concerns 
raised by such acts, policies, or practices; or 
‘‘(4) initiation of dispute settlement proceedings 
under the WTO Agreements or any other trade 
agreement to which the United States is a party 
with respect to such acts, policies, or practices. 
‘‘(d) ENFORCEMENT
NOTIFICATIONS
AND
CON-
SULTATION.— 
‘‘(1) INITIATION OF ENFORCEMENT ACTION.— 
The Trade Representative shall notify and consult 
with the Committee on Finance of the Senate and 
the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives in advance of initiation of any for-
mal trade dispute by or against the United States 
taken in regard to an obligation under the WTO 
Agreements or any other trade agreement to which 
the United States is a party. With respect to a for-
mal trade dispute against the United States, if ad-
vance notification and consultation are not possible, 
the Trade Representative shall notify and consult at 
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the earliest practicable opportunity after initiation of 
the dispute. 
‘‘(2) CIRCULATION OF REPORTS.—The Trade 
Representative shall notify and consult with the 
Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep-
resentatives in advance of the announced or antici-
pated circulation of any report of a dispute settle-
ment panel or the Appellate Body of the World 
Trade Organization or of a dispute settlement panel 
under any other trade agreement to which the 
United States is a party with respect to a formal 
trade dispute by or against the United States. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) WTO.—The term ‘WTO’ means the World 
Trade Organization. 
‘‘(2) WTO 
AGREEMENT.—The term ‘WTO 
Agreement’ has the meaning given that term in sec-
tion 2(9) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 
U.S.C. 3501(9)). 
‘‘(3) WTO AGREEMENTS.—The term ‘WTO 
Agreements’ means the WTO Agreement and agree-
ments annexed to that Agreement.’’. 
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