‘‘(iii) in the case of an eligible mate-
rial sold during calendar year 2033, 25 
percent, 
‘‘(iv) in the case of an eligible mate-
rial sold after December 31, 2034, 0 per-
cent. 
‘‘(c) SPECIAL RULES.—For purposes of this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(1) RELATED
PERSONS.—Persons shall be 
treated as related to each other if such persons 
would be treated as a single employer under the reg-
ulations prescribed under section 52(b). 
‘‘(2) PASS-THRU IN THE CASE OF ESTATES AND 
TRUSTS.—Under regulations prescribed by the Sec-
retary, rules similar to the rules of subsection (d) of 
section 52 shall apply. 
‘‘(3) SALE
OF
INTEGRATED
COMPONENTS.— 
For purposes of this section, a person shall be treat-
ed as having sold an eligible material to an unre-
lated person if such material is integrated, incor-
porated, or assembled into a technology component 
which is sold to an unrelated person. 
‘‘(d) REGULATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IDENTIFICATION
OF
SAFE
ACQUISITION 
SOURCES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
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the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State, shall publish 
and maintain a list of countries that meet the fol-
lowing criteria: 
‘‘(A) The country has environmental pro-
tections with respect to the production of eligi-
ble materials which meet or exceed such protec-
tions in the United States. 
‘‘(B) No product of the country is prohib-
ited for importation into the United States pur-
suant to section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930. 
‘‘(C) The country has labor laws which en-
sure wage rates are determined by free bar-
gaining between labor and management. 
‘‘(D) The country is not— 
‘‘(i) a foreign entity of concern (as de-
fined in section 9901 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), or 
‘‘(ii) a nonmarket economy country 
(as defined in section 771(18) of the Tariff 
Act of 1930). 
‘‘(2) 
APPRENTICESHIP
REQUIREMENT.—The 
Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Labor, shall establish such apprenticeship require-
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ments as are appropriate for each affected industry 
for purposes of subsection (b)(2)(A). 
‘‘(e) LIMITATION.—For the purposes of calculating 
the eligible credit amount for a taxpayer, the taxpayer 
shall be unable to claim an eligible credit under this sec-
tion if the taxpayer has already claimed an eligible credit 
for production of an applicable critical mineral under sec-
tion 45X for the current year in which this section is being 
claimed. 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—For the purpose of this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(1) TERMS USED IN SECTION 48F.—The terms 
‘eligible material’, ‘qualified substitute’, ‘critical ma-
terial’, and ‘technology component’ have the mean-
ings given such terms in section 48F. 
‘‘(2) INITIAL PRODUCTION STAGE.—The term 
‘initial production stage’ means a stage of produc-
tion in which the taxpayer produces an eligible mate-
rial through— 
‘‘(A) extraction, 
‘‘(B) recycling, or 
‘‘(C) in the case of a qualified substitute, 
any means. 
‘‘(3) TAXPAYER’S COST OF PRODUCTION.—The 
term ‘taxpayer’s cost of production’ means amounts 
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paid or incurred by the taxpayer to produce an eligi-
ble material, excluding amounts paid or incurred— 
‘‘(A) for labor, 
‘‘(B) for transportation of any property, 
and 
‘‘(C) administrative expenses.’’. 
(b) CREDIT ALLOWED AS PART OF GENERAL BUSI-
NESS CREDIT.—Section 38(b) of such Code is amended 
by striking ‘‘plus’’ at the end of paragraph (40), by strik-
ing the period at the end of paragraph (41) and inserting 
‘‘, plus’’, and by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(42) section 45BB (critical material produc-
tion credit).’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of such Code is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new item: 
‘‘Sec. 45BB. Critical material production credit.’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to materials sold after the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 203. CONSULTATION. 
(a) INDUSTRIAL ADVISORY BOARD.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall establish an advisory committee to be 
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composed of not fewer than 15 members, including 
representatives of industry, academia, trade organi-
zations, 
environmental 
protection 
organizations, 
labor organizations, and international partners, as 
appropriate, who are qualified to provide advice on 
matters relevant to increasing domestic capacity of 
critical materials manufacturing. 
(2) REPRESENTATION OF CERTAIN GROUPS.— 
The Secretary, in carrying out paragraph (1), shall 
ensure that at least 2 members of the advisory com-
mittee established under such paragraph are rep-
resentatives of— 
(A) an environmental protection organiza-
tion, and 
(B) a labor organization. 
(3) FACA EXEMPTION.—Section 14 of the Fed-
eral Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall 
not apply to the advisory committee established 
under this subsection. 
(b) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—In carrying out 
the development of guidance necessary to the implementa-
tion of subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall 
consult the following: 
(1) The advisory committee established under 
subsection (a)(1). 
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(2) The Secretary of Agriculture. 
(3) The Secretary of Commerce. 
(4) The Secretary of Defense. 
(5) The Secretary of Energy. 
(6) The Secretary of Health and Human Serv-
ices. 
(7) The Secretary of Homeland Security. 
(8) The Secretary of the Interior. 
(9) The United States Trade Representative. 
(10) The Director of the White House Office of 
Science and Technology Policy. 
(11) Such other head of a Federal agency as 
the Secretary determines appropriate. 
TITLE III—CRITICAL MATERIAL 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 301. CLARIFYING MINING RESEARCH AT THE NA-
TIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 10359 of title III of divi-
sion B of the Research and Development, Competition, 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19067; Public Law 117– 
167) is amended— 
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘MIN-
ERALS’’ and inserting ‘‘MATERIALS’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
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(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘MINERALS’’ and inserting ‘‘MATERIALS’’; 
(B) by amending paragraph (1) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to support supply 
chain resiliency, the Director shall make awards, on 
a competitive basis, to institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, or private entities 
(or consortia of such institutions, organizations, or 
entities) to support research and development that 
will accelerate innovation to advance critical mate-
rials mining strategies and technologies for the pur-
pose of making better use of domestic resources and 
eliminating national reliance on critical materials 
that are subject to supply disruptions.’’; 
(C) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to 
read as follows: 
‘‘(A) advancing mining research and devel-
opment activities to develop new mapping and 
mining technologies and techniques, including 
advanced critical material extraction and pro-
duction, separation, alloying, or processing tech-
niques and technologies that can decrease en-
ergy intensity to improve existing or develop 
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new supply chains of critical materials, and 
yield more efficient, economical, and environ-
mentally benign mining practices;’’; 
(ii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), 
(F), (G), and (H), as subparagraphs (B), 
(C), (D), (E), (F), and (G), respectively; 
(iii) in subparagraph (C), as so redes-
ignated, by striking ‘‘minerals’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘materials’’; 
(iv) in subparagraph (D), as so redes-
ignated, by striking ‘‘minerals’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘materials’’; 
(v) in subparagraph (E), as so redes-
ignated, by striking ‘‘minerals’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘materials’’; and 
(vi) in subparagraph (F), as so redes-
ignated, by striking ‘‘minerals’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘materials’’; 
(D) by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
paragraph (4); and 
(E) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out this 
subsection, the Director shall collaborate with the 
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Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Energy, 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology, the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, and the heads of 
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, in-
cluding facilities such as the National Laboratories, 
Manufacturing USA institutes, and other federally 
funded research and development centers, academia, 
industry, nonprofit organizations, labor organiza-
tions, and international partners, as appropriate, to 
carry out the purposes described in paragraph (1).’’; 
and 
(3) by amending subsection (c) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(c) CRITICAL MATERIAL DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘critical material’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 7002(a)(2) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 
U.S.C. 1606(a)(2)).’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
in sections 1 and 10000 of Public Law 117–167 are 
amended by striking the items relating to section 10359 
and inserting the following new items: 
‘‘Sec. 10359. Critical materials mining research and development.’’. 
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SEC. 302. CLARIFYING MINING RESEARCH AT THE DEPART-
MENT OF ENERGY. 
Section 40210 of the Infrastructure Investment and 
Jobs Act (42 U.S.C. 18743) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), 
(5), (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10) as paragraphs 
(4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11), re-
spectively; 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) CRITICAL MATERIAL.—The term ‘critical 
material’ has the meaning given such term in section 
7002(a)(2) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 
1606(a)(2)).’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(12) SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.—The 
term ‘skilled technical workforce’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 4(b) of the Innovations 
in Mentoring, Training, and Apprenticeships Act (42 
U.S.C. 1862p note; Public Law 115–402).’’; and 
(2) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) CRITICAL MATERIAL MINING RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to support supply 
chain resiliency, the Secretary shall issue awards, on 
a competitive basis, to eligible entities described in 
paragraph (2) to support research and development 
activities that will accelerate innovation to advance 
critical materials mining and associated extraction 
technologies and strategies for the purposes of— 
‘‘(A) making better use of domestic re-
sources; 
‘‘(B) eliminating national reliance on crit-
ical materials that are subject to supply disrup-
tions; and 
‘‘(C) promoting sustainability with critical 
materials mining. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—Entities eligible to 
receive an award under paragraph (1) are the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) Federally funded facilities, including 
National Laboratories, Manufacturing USA in-
stitutes, and other federally funded research 
and development centers. 
‘‘(B) Relevant State, local, or Tribal gov-
ernmental entities with specialized resources to 
carry out paragraph (1). 
‘‘(C) Institutions of higher education. 
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‘‘(D) Nonprofit organizations. 
‘‘(E) Consortia of entities described in sub-
paragraphs (A) through (D), including con-
sortia that collaborate with private industry. 
‘‘(3) USE OF FUNDS.—Activities funded by an 
award under this section may include the following: 
‘‘(A) Advancing mining research and devel-
opment activities to develop new mapping and 
mining technologies and techniques, including 
advanced critical material extraction and sepa-
ration— 
‘‘(i) to improve existing, or to develop 
new, supply chains of critical materials; 
and 
‘‘(ii) to yield more efficient, economi-
cal, and environmentally benign mining 
practices, including through innovative 
technology and relevant mining equipment 
applications. 
‘‘(B) Conducting long-term earth observa-
tion of reclaimed mine sites, including the study 
of the evolution of microbial diversity at those 
sites. 
‘‘(C) Examining the application of artificial 
intelligence for geological exploration of critical 
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materials, including what size and diversity of 
data sets would be required. 
‘‘(D) Examining the application of ma-
chine learning for detection and sorting of crit-
ical materials, including what size and diversity 
of data sets would be required. 
‘‘(E) Conducting detailed isotope studies of 
critical materials and the development of more 
refined geologic models. 
‘‘(F) Providing education, training, and 
relevant research opportunities to— 
‘‘(i) post-secondary students to ex-
pand the critical materials workforce, par-
tially students in engineering and material 
science disciplines; and 
‘‘(ii) the skilled technical workforce. 
‘‘(4) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out this 
subsection, the Secretary shall collaborate with the 
Secretary of the Interior, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, and the heads of other relevant Federal de-
partments and agencies, including facilities such as 
the National Laboratories, Manufacturing USA in-
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stitutes, and other federally funded research and de-
velopment centers, academia, industry, nonprofit or-
ganizations, labor organizations, and international 
partners, as appropriate, to carry out the purposes 
described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(5) EXISTING
PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 
shall ensure awards issued under this subsection are 
complementary and not duplicative of existing pro-
grams across the Department of Energy and the 
Federal Government.’’. 
SEC. 303. CRITICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In support of the security and 
competitiveness of the United States, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation (in this section referred to 
as the ‘‘Director’’) shall make awards, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education, nonprofit organi-
zations, or private entities (or consortia of such institu-
tions, organizations, or entities) for the purposes described 
in subsection (b). 
(b) PURPOSES DESCRIBED.—The purposes described 
in this subsection include any of the following: 
(1) Research and development activities to ad-
vance innovative technologies, materials, and tech-
niques relevant to the sustainability, security, and 
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traceability of critical material supply chains, includ-
ing the following: 
(A) Technologies for the manufacturing of 
critical materials, including innovative equip-
ment 
applications 
and 
industrial 
decarbonization processes, across processes such 
as processing, refining, conversion, and recy-
cling. 
(B) Innovative and emerging materials for 
improved or new uses within the supply chain, 
including the following: 
(i) Innovative alloys, magnets, anodes, 
and other multichemical compound mate-
rials. 
(ii) Qualified substitutes designed to 
replace part or all of a traditionally ex-
tracted critical material within a down-
stream application. 
(iii) Byproducts of existing supply 
chains that may be recovered at sufficient 
quantities for use. 
(C) Innovative and emerging downstream 
applications that— 
(i) reduce reliance on critical material 
supply chains subject to disruptions; or 
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(ii) reduce or replace part or all of a 
traditionally extracted critical material. 
(D) Any technology, material, or technique 
to promote circularity and sustainability within 
the critical material supply chain through in-
creasing the reusability of a critical material. 
(2) Education and workforce development op-
portunities to support a robust critical materials 
workforce, which may include any of the following: 
(A) Providing training and research oppor-
tunities to undergraduate and graduate stu-
dents to ensure a robust critical material tech-
nical workforce. 
(B) Providing training and other edu-
cational pathways to ensure a robust critical 
material 
manufacturing 
workforce 
through 
short-term credentials and career and technical 
education activities, including the following: 
(i) Pathways designed to upskill and 
reskill, as the case may be, the existing 
workforce. 
(ii) Pathways and emerging trends de-
signed to address workforce shortages, in-
cluding as a result of skill gaps, of the fu-
ture workforce. 
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(c) TESTBEDS.—In carrying out this section, subject 
to the availability of appropriations for such purposes, the 
Director may establish test beds, pursuant to section 
10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19110; enacted as part of 
division B of Public Law 117–167), to advance innovative 
technologies, materials, and techniques for the purpose of 
creating sustainable, secure, and transparent critical ma-
terial supply chains. In doing so, the Director shall 
prioritize the translation and commercialization of the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Qualified substitutes. 
(2) Byproducts. 
(3) Downstream applications using innovative 
combinations of critical materials, including byprod-
ucts, qualified substitutes, or recycled content. 
(4) Decarbonization technologies, including any 
such technology that improves sustainability of the 
manufacturing process for critical materials. 
(5) Recycling technologies. 
(d) CRITICAL MATERIALS EDUCATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, make awards to 
institutions of higher education and nonprofit orga-
nizations (or consortia of such institutions and orga-
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nizations, which may also include private entities) to 
establish partnerships to enhance and broaden par-
ticipation in fields relevant for education and train-
ing for the critical material supply chain. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—Awards made under this sub-
section shall be used for the following: 
(A) To— 
(i) conduct training and education ac-
tivities, including curricula design, develop-
ment, dissemination, and assessment; and 
(ii) share information and best prac-
tices across the network of awardees. 
(B) To develop regional partnerships 
among associate degree-granting colleges, bach-
elor degree-granting institutions, workforce de-
velopment programs, labor organizations, and 
industry to create a diverse national technical 
workforce trained in fields relevant to the crit-
ical material supply chain and ensure education 
and training is meeting the evolving needs of 
industry. 
(C) To facilitate partnerships with employ-
ers, employer consortia, or other private sector 
organizations that offer apprenticeships, intern-
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ships, or applied learning experiences in fields 
relevant to the critical material supply chain. 
(D) To develop shared infrastructure avail-
able to institutions of higher education, two- 
year colleges, and private organizations to en-
able experiential learning activities and provide 
physical or digital access to training facilities 
and industry-standard tools and processes. 
(E) To create and disseminate public out-
reach to support awareness of education and 
career opportunities relevant to the critical ma-
terial supply chain, including through outreach 
to K–12 schools and STEM-related organiza-
tions. 
(F) To collaborate and coordinate with in-
dustry and existing public and private organiza-
tions conducting education and workforce devel-
opment activities in fields relevant to the crit-
ical material supply chain, as practicable. 
(3) NATIONAL COORDINATION.—To coordinate 
activities, best practice sharing, and access to facili-
ties across the partnerships established in accord-
ance with paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure 
that activities carried out by the partnerships under 
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this subsection are coordinated to the greatest extent 
possible. 
(4) PRIORITY.—To the extent practicable, the 
Director shall prioritize awardees under paragraph 
(1) that include entities focused on supporting the 
creation of a technical workforce relevant to the crit-
ical material supply chain, including entities such as 
associate degree-granting colleges, career and tech-
nical entities, workforce development programs, 
labor organizations, and industry. 
(e) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out this section, 
the Director shall collaborate with the Secretary of En-
ergy, the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology, the Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, and the heads of other relevant Fed-
eral departments and agencies, including facilities such as 
the National Laboratories, Manufacturing USA institutes, 
and other federally funded research and development cen-
ters, academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, labor or-
ganizations, and international partners, as appropriate, to 
carry out the purposes described in subsection (b). 
(f) EXISTING PROGRAMS.—The Director shall ensure 
awards made under this section are complementary and 
not duplicative of existing programs across the National 
Science Foundation and the Federal Government. 
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SEC. 304. CRITICAL MATERIALS STANDARDS AND METROL-
OGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations for such purposes, the Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology (referred to 
in this section as the ‘‘Director’’) shall carry out a critical 
materials program to enable advances and breakthroughs 
in measurement science, technical standards, material 
characterization, instrumentation, testing, and manufac-
turing, including recycling, capabilities that will accelerate 
research and development and produce relevant technical 
standards for sustainable, secure, and traceable critical 
material supply chains. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Director shall carry out measurement science, technical 
standards, material characterization, instrumentation, 
testing, or other activities, as appropriate, to support the 
following: 
(1) Activities related to advancing innovative 
materials, including byproducts and qualified sub-
stitutes, recycled materials, and innovative combina-
tions for downstream applications. 
(2) Activities related to advancing recycling 
processes of critical materials, including techniques 
to improve reusability of recycled content. 
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(3) Activities related to facilitating the develop-
ment of technical standards within the critical mate-
rial supply chain to promote interoperability, collabo-
ration, and traceability. 
(4) Activities related to paragraphs (1) through 
(3) with international partners, as appropriate. 
(5) Other activities identified by the Director, 
as appropriate, to advance the goal described in such 
subsection. 
(c) CRITICAL
MATERIALS
RECYCLING
CONSOR-
TIUM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of 
appropriations for such purpose, the Director shall 
convene a consortium to identify future standards 
and metrology needs to promote advanced recycling 
processes of critical materials. 
(2) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The members of the 
Consortium may include representatives from 
the National Laboratories, Manufacturing USA 
institutes, and other federally funded research 
and development centers, academia, industry, 
nonprofit organizations, labor organizations, 
and international partners, as appropriate. 
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(B) EXCLUSION.—The Consortium may 
not offer membership to any individual who is 
a representative of a foreign entity of concern 
or a foreign entity of a foreign country of con-
cern. 
(3) 
RESPONSIBILITIES.—The 
Consortium 
shall— 
(A) access the current gaps within relevant 
technical standards and metrology regarding 
the needs described in paragraph (1); 
(B) identify any gaps in research necessary 
to meet such needs; and 
(C) provide recommendations regarding 
how Federal agencies can address such gaps in 
carrying out activities related to critical mate-
rials recycling. 
(4) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than two 
years after the establishment of the Consortium, the 
Director shall submit to the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a report 
summarizing the findings of the Consortium. 
(5) COLLABORATION.—The Director shall en-
sure that the activities carried out by the Consor-
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tium are complementary and not duplicative of the 
collaborative activities carried out by the Critical 
Materials Consortium established under section 
7002(g)(8) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 
1606(g)(8)). 
(6) TERMINATION.—The Consortium shall ter-
minate five years after its establishment. 
(d) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out this section, 
the Director shall collaborate with the Secretary of En-
ergy. 
(e) EXISTING PROGRAMS.—The Director shall ensure 
activities carried out under this section are complementary 
and not duplicative of existing programs across the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, the Depart-
ment of Energy, and other Federal departments and agen-
cies. 
SEC. 305. CRITICAL MATERIALS DEMONSTRATION. 
Subsection (d) of section 40210 of the Infrastructure 
Investment and Jobs Act (42 U.S.C. 18743) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) GRANT PROGRAM FOR PILOT PROJECTS TO EX-
PAND DOMESTIC CAPACITY OF CRITICAL MATERIALS.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a grant program to finance pilot projects to 
promote domestic capacity, reduce reliance on supply 
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chains subject to disruptions, and support innovation 
in the critical material supply chain. 
‘‘(2) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Pilot projects under 
paragraph (1) may include any of the following to 
increase the domestic capabilities of the United 
States to manufacture critical materials across the 
entire cycle of the critical material supply chain: 
‘‘(A) Innovative technologies, including ap-
plications for manufacturing equipment and in-
dustrial decarbonization. 
‘‘(B) Innovative and emerging materials 
for improved or new uses with the supply chain, 
including qualified substitutes, byproducts, or 
recycled or reclaimed critical materials. 
‘‘(C) Innovative and emerging downstream 
applications to reduce reliance on critical mate-
rials subject to supply chain disruptions. 
‘‘(D) Any other technology, material, or 
technique to promote circularity and sustain-
ability, including through environmentally be-
nign processes, within the critical material sup-
ply chain. 
‘‘(3) LIMITATIONS.— 
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100 
‘‘(A) LIMITATION ON GRANT AWARDS.—A 
grant awarded under paragraph (1) may not 
exceed $25,000,000. 
‘‘(B) ECONOMIC VIABILITY.—In awarding 
grants under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
give priority to projects that the Secretary de-
termines are likely to be economically viable 
over the long term. 
‘‘(C) 
PRIORITY.—In 
awarding 
grants 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall seek 
to award not less than 40 percent of the total 
amount of grants awarded during the fiscal 
year for projects relating to the following: 
‘‘(i) Qualified substitute. 
‘‘(ii) Secondary recovery. 
‘‘(iii) Recycling. 
‘‘(D) PROHIBITION ON AWARDS TO FOR-
EIGN COUNTRIES OF CONCERN.—In awarding 
grants under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
ensure that pilot projects do not export for any 
manufacturing process of a critical material to 
a foreign country of concern. 
‘‘(4) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out this 
subsection, the Secretary shall collaborate with the 
Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, 
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101 
the Secretary of the Interior, the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, and the heads of other relevant Federal de-
partments and agencies, including facilities such as 
the National Laboratories, Manufacturing USA in-
stitutes, and other federally funded research and de-
velopment centers, academia, industry, nonprofit or-
ganizations, labor organizations, and international 
partners, as appropriate, to carry out the purposes 
described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(5) EXISTING
PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 
shall ensure awards made under paragraph (1) are 
complementary and not duplicative of existing pro-
grams across the Department of Energy and the 
Federal Government. 
‘‘(6) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out this subsection $150,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030. 
‘‘(7) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) CONVERSION.—The term ‘conversion’ 
means the process to alter a refined or purified 
critical material to a secondary compound that 
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102 
is subject to supply chain disruptions relevant 
to the national, energy, and economic security 
of the United States, including the manufac-
turing of magnets, alloys, or multicompound 
chemistries, including such chemistries at solid, 
liquid, or gaseous states. 
‘‘(B) 
CRITICAL
MATERIAL
SUPPLY 
CHAIN.—The term ‘critical material supply 
chain’ means the lifecycle of a critical material, 
including the extraction, processing or refining, 
conversion, and recycling of a critical material. 
‘‘(C) FOREIGN COUNTRY OF CONCERN.— 
The term ‘foreign country of concern’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 9901 of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 
U.S.C. 4651). 
‘‘(D) QUALIFIED SUBSTITUTE.—The term 
‘qualified substitute’ means any verifiable alter-
native to a critical material, including converted 
critical material compounds, able to carry out 
an essential function (as such term is used in 
section 7002(a)(2)(ii) of the Energy Act of 
2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(2)(ii))) of a critical 
material. 
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