(b) MAINTENANCE
OF POSITION.—The President
shall maintain a position of Assistant United States Trade
Representative for African Affairs within the Office of the
United States Trade Representative to direct and coordi-
nate interagency activities on United States-Africa trade
policy and investment matters and serve as—
(1) a primary point of contact in the executive
branch for those persons engaged in trade between
the United States and sub-Saharan Africa; and
(2) the chief advisor to the United States Trade
Representative on issues of trade with Africa.
(c) FUNDING AND STAFF.—The President shall en-
sure that the Assistant United States Trade Representa-
tive for African Affairs has adequate funding and staff
to carry out the duties described in subsection (b), subject
to the availability of appropriations.
SEC. 14. EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN
COMMERCIAL SERVICE IN SUB-SAHARAN AF-
RICA.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress makes the following
findings:
(1) The United States and Foreign Commercial
Service (hereafter in this section referred to as the
‘‘Commercial Service’’) plays an important role in
helping United States businesses identify export op-
portunities and develop reliable sources of informa-
tion on commercial prospects in foreign countries.
(2) During the 1980s, the presence of the Com-
mercial Service in sub-Saharan Africa consisted of
14 professionals providing services in eight coun-
tries. By early 1997, that presence had been reduced
by half to seven, in only four countries.
(3) Since 1997, the Department of Commerce
has slowly begun to increase the presence of the
Commercial Service in sub-Saharan Africa, adding
five full-time officers to established posts.
(4) Although the Commercial Service Officers
in these countries have regional responsibilities, this
kind of coverage does not adequately service the
needs of United States businesses attempting to do
business in sub-Saharan Africa.
(5) The Congress has, on several occasions, en-
couraged the Commercial Service to focus its re-
sources and efforts in countries or regions in Europe
or Asia to promote greater United States export ac-
tivity in those markets.
(6) Because market information is not widely
available in many sub-Saharan African countries,
the presence of additional Commercial Service Offi-
cers and resources can play a significant role in as-
sisting United States businesses in markets in those
countries.
(b) APPOINTMENTS.—Subject to the availability of
appropriations, by not later than December 31, 2000, the
Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Assistant Sec-
retary of Commerce and Director General of the United
States and Foreign Commercial Service, shall take steps
to ensure that—
(1) at least 20 full-time Commercial Service
employees are stationed in sub-Saharan Africa; and
(2) full-time Commercial Service employees are
stationed in not less than ten different sub-Saharan
African countries.
(c) COMMERCIAL SERVICE INITIATIVE FOR SUB-SA-
HARAN AFRICA.—In order to encourage the export of
United States goods and services to sub-Saharan African
countries, the Commercial Service shall make a special ef-
fort to—
(1) identify United States goods and services
which are not being exported to sub-Saharan African
countries but which are being exported to those
countries by competitor nations;
(2) identify, where appropriate, trade barriers
and noncompetitive actions, including violations of
intellectual property rights, that are preventing or
hindering sales of United States goods and services
to, or the operation of United States companies in,
sub-Saharan Africa;
(3) present, periodically, a list of the goods and
services identified under paragraph (1), and any
trade barriers or noncompetitive actions identified
under paragraph (2), to appropriate authorities in
sub-Saharan African countries with a view to secur-
ing increased market access for United States ex-
porters of goods and services;
(4) facilitate the entrance by United States
businesses into the markets identified under para-
graphs (1) and (2); and
(5) monitor and evaluate the results of efforts
to increase the sales of goods and services in such
markets.
(d) REPORTS TO THE CONGRESS.—Not later than 1
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and each
year thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of Commerce,
in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall report
to the Congress on actions taken to carry out subsections
(b) and (c). Each report shall specify—
(1) in what countries full-time Commercial
Service Officers are stationed, and the number of
such officers placed in each such country;
(2) the effectiveness of the presence of the addi-
tional Commercial Service Officers in increasing
United States exports to sub-Saharan African coun-
tries; and
(3) the specific actions taken by Commercial
Service Officers, both in sub-Saharan African coun-
tries and in the United States, to carry out sub-
section (c), including identifying a list of targeted
export sectors and countries.
SEC. 15. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.
The President shall submit to the Congress, not later
than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act,
and not later than the end of each of the next six 1-year
periods thereafter, a comprehensive report on the trade
and investment policy of the United States for sub-Saha-
ran Africa, and on the implementation of this Act. The
last report required by section 134(b) of the Uruguay
Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3554(b)) shall be con-
solidated and submitted with the first report required by
this section.
SEC. 16. DONATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL EQUIPMENT
TO ELIGIBLE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUN-
TRIES.
It is the sense of the Congress that, to the extent
appropriate, the United States Government should make
every effort to donate to governments of sub-Saharan Afri-
can countries (determined to be eligible under section 4
of this Act) air traffic control equipment that is no longer
in use, including appropriate related reimbursable tech-
nical assistance.
SEC. 
17. 
ADDITIONAL 
AUTHORITIES 
AND 
INCREASED
FLEXIBILITY 
TO 
PROVIDE 
ASSISTANCE
UNDER THE DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRI-
CA.
(a) USE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASSIST-
ANCE TO SUPPORT FURTHER ECONOMIC GROWTH.—It is
the sense of the Congress that sustained economic growth
in sub-Saharan Africa depends in large measure upon the
development of a receptive environment for trade and in-
vestment, and that to achieve this objective the United
States Agency for International Development should con-
tinue to support programs which help to create this envi-
ronment. Investments in human resources, development,
and implementation of free market policies, including poli-
cies to liberalize agricultural markets and improve food se-
curity, and the support for the rule of law and democratic
governance should continue to be encouraged and en-
hanced on a bilateral and regional basis.
(b) DECLARATIONS
OF
POLICY.—The Congress
makes the following declarations:
(1) The Development Fund for Africa estab-
lished under chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293 et seq.) has
been an effective tool in providing development as-
sistance to sub-Saharan Africa since 1988.
(2) The Development Fund for Africa will com-
plement the other provisions of this Act and lay a
foundation for increased trade and investment op-
portunities between the United States and sub-Saha-
ran Africa.
(3) Assistance provided through the Develop-
ment Fund for Africa will continue to support pro-
grams and activities that promote the long term eco-
nomic development of sub-Saharan Africa, such as
programs and activities relating to the following:
(A) Strengthening primary and vocational
education systems, especially the acquisition of
middle-level technical skills for operating mod-
ern private businesses and the introduction of
college level business education, including the
study of international business, finance, and
stock exchanges.
(B) Strengthening health care systems.
(C) Supporting democratization, good gov-
ernance and civil society and conflict resolution
efforts.
(D) Increasing food security by promoting
the expansion of agricultural and agriculture-
based industrial production and productivity
and increasing real incomes for poor individ-
uals.
(E) Promoting an enabling environment
for private sector-led growth through sustained
economic reform, privatization programs, and
market-led economic activities.
(F) Promoting decentralization and local
participation in the development process, espe-
cially linking the rural production sectors and
the industrial and market centers throughout
Africa.
(G) Increasing the technical and manage-
rial capacity of sub-Saharan African individuals
to manage the economy of sub-Saharan Africa.
(H) Ensuring sustainable economic growth
through environmental protection.
(4) The African Development Foundation has a
unique congressional mandate to empower the poor
to participate fully in development and to increase
opportunities for gainful employment, poverty allevi-
ation, and more equitable income distribution in sub-
Saharan Africa. The African Development Founda-
tion has worked successfully to enhance the role of
women as agents of change, strengthen the informal
sector with an emphasis on supporting micro and
small sized enterprises, indigenous technologies, and
mobilizing local financing. The African Development
Foundation should develop and implement strategies
for promoting participation in the socioeconomic de-
velopment process of grassroots and informal sector
groups such as nongovernmental organizations, co-
operatives, artisans, and traders into the programs
and initiatives established under this Act.
(c) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 496(h) of the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2293(h)) is
amended—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as
paragraph (4); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the
following:
‘‘(3) DEMOCRATIZATION AND CONFLICT RESO-
LUTION CAPABILITIES.—Assistance under this sec-
tion may also include program assistance—
‘‘(A) to promote democratization, good
governance, and strong civil societies in sub-Sa-
haran Africa; and
‘‘(B) to strengthen conflict resolution capa-
bilities of governmental, intergovernmental, and
nongovernmental entities in sub-Saharan Afri-
ca.’’.
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section
496(h)(4) of such Act, as amended by paragraph
(1), is further amended by striking ‘‘paragraphs (1)
and (2)’’ in the first sentence and inserting ‘‘para-
graphs (1), (2), and (3)’’.
SEC. 18. ASSISTANCE FROM UNITED STATES PRIVATE SEC-
TOR TO PREVENT AND REDUCE HIV/AIDS IN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
It is the sense of the Congress that United States
businesses should be encouraged to provide assistance to
sub-Saharan African countries to prevent and reduce the
incidence of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. In pro-
viding such assistance, United States businesses should be
encouraged to consider the establishment of an HIV/AIDS
Response Fund in order to provide for coordination among
such businesses in the collection and distribution of the
assistance to sub-Saharan African countries.
SEC. 19. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS RELATING TO HIV/AIDS
CRISIS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Sustained economic development in sub-Sa-
haran Africa depends in large measure upon suc-
cessful trade with and foreign assistance to the
countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
(2) The HIV/AIDS crisis has reached epidemic
proportions in sub-Saharan Africa, where more than
21,000,000 men, women, and children are infected
with HIV.
(3) 83 percent of the estimated 11,700,000
deaths from HIV/AIDS worldwide have been in sub-
Saharan Africa.
(4) The HIV/AIDS crisis in sub-Saharan Africa
is weakening the structure of families and societies.
(5)(A) The HIV/AIDS crisis threatens the fu-
ture of the workforce in sub-Saharan Africa.
(B) Studies show that HIV/AIDS in sub-Saha-
ran Africa most severely affects individuals between
the ages of 15 and 49—the age group that provides
the most support for the economies of sub-Saharan
African countries.
(6) Clear evidence demonstrates that HIV/
AIDS is destructive to the economies of sub-Saharan
African countries.
(7) Sustained economic development is critical
to creating the public and private sector resources in
sub-Saharan Africa necessary to fight the HIV/
AIDS epidemic.
(b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of
the Congress that—
(1) addressing the HIV/AIDS crisis in sub-Sa-
haran Africa should be a central component of
United States foreign policy with respect to sub-Sa-
haran Africa;
(2) significant progress needs to be made in
preventing and treating HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan
Africa in order to sustain a mutually beneficial trade
relationship between the United States and sub-Sa-
haran African countries; and
(3) the HIV/AIDS crisis in sub-Saharan Africa
is a global threat that merits further attention
through greatly expanded public, private, and joint
public-private efforts, and through appropriate
United States legislation.
SEC. 20. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DEFINED.
For purposes of this Act, the terms ‘‘sub-Saharan Af-
rica’’, ‘‘sub-Saharan African country’’, ‘‘country in sub-
Saharan Africa’’, and ‘‘countries in sub-Saharan Africa’’
refer to the following or any successor political entities:
Republic of Angola (Angola).
Republic of Botswana (Botswana).
Republic of Burundi (Burundi).
Republic of Cape Verde (Cape Verde).
Republic of Chad (Chad).
Democratic Republic of Congo.
Republic of the Congo (Congo).
Republic of Djibouti (Djibouti).
State of Eritrea (Eritrea).
Gabonese Republic (Gabon).
Republic of Ghana (Ghana).
Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau).
Kingdom of Lesotho (Lesotho).
Republic of Madagascar (Madagascar).
Republic of Mali (Mali).
Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius).
Republic of Namibia (Namibia).
Federal Republic of Nigeria (Nigeria).
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome´ and Principe
(Sao Tome´ and Principe).
Republic of Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone).
Somalia.
Kingdom of Swaziland (Swaziland).
Republic of Togo (Togo).
Republic of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe).
Republic of Benin (Benin).
Burkina Faso (Burkina).
Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon).
Central African Republic.
Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros
(Comoros).
Republic of Coˆte d’Ivoire (Coˆte d’Ivoire).
Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Equatorial
Guinea).
Ethiopia.
Republic of the Gambia (Gambia).
Republic of Guinea (Guinea).
Republic of Kenya (Kenya).
Republic of Liberia (Liberia).
Republic of Malawi (Malawi).
Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauritania).
Republic of Mozambique (Mozambique).
Republic of Niger (Niger).
Republic of Rwanda (Rwanda).
Republic of Senegal (Senegal).
Republic of Seychelles (Seychelles).
Republic of South Africa (South Africa).
Republic of Sudan (Sudan).
United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania).
Republic of Uganda (Uganda).
Republic of Zambia (Zambia).
SEC. 21. LIMITATION ON USE OF NON-ACCRUAL EXPERI-
ENCE METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 448(d)(5) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to special rule for serv-
ices) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘in fields described in para-
graph (2)(A)’’ after ‘‘services by such person’’; and
(2) by inserting ‘‘CERTAIN PERSONAL’’ before
‘‘SERVICES’’ in the heading.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply to taxable years ending after
the date of the enactment of this Act.
(2) CHANGE IN METHOD OF ACCOUNTING.—In
the case of any taxpayer required by the amend-
ments made by this section to change its method of
accounting for its first taxable year ending after the
date of the enactment of this Act—
(A) such change shall be treated as initi-
ated by the taxpayer;
(B) such change shall be treated as made
with the consent of the Secretary of the Treas-
ury; and
(C) the net amount of the adjustments re-
quired to be taken into account by the taxpayer
under section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986 shall be taken into account over a pe-
riod (not greater than 4 taxable years) begin-
ning with such first taxable year.
SEC. 22. INCLUSION OF CERTAIN VACCINES AGAINST
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TO LIST OF
TAXABLE VACCINES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4132(a)(1) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 (defining taxable vaccine) is
amended by adding at the end the following new subpara-
graph:
‘‘(L) Any conjugate vaccine against strep-
tococcus pneumoniae.’’
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—
(1) SALES.—The amendment made by this sec-
tion shall apply to vaccine sales beginning on the
day after the date on which the Centers for Disease
Control makes a final recommendation for routine
administration to children of any conjugate vaccine
against streptococcus pneumoniae.
(2) DELIVERIES.—For purposes of paragraph
(1), in the case of sales on or before the date de-
scribed in such paragraph for which delivery is made
after such date, the delivery date shall be considered
the sale date.
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of
the United States shall prepare and submit a report to
the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate
on the operation of the Vaccine Injury Compensation
Trust Fund and on the adequacy of such Fund to meet
future claims made under the Vaccine Injury Compensa-
tion Program.
Passed the House of Representatives July 16, 1999.
Attest:
Clerk.