or has its principal place of business in a foreign 
country; 
(C) any foreign governmental entity oper-
ating as a business enterprise; and 
(D) any successor, subunit, or subsidiary of 
any entity described in subparagraph (B) or (C). 
(3) EXECUTIVE ORDER 12938.—The term ‘‘Execu-
tive Order 12938’’ means Executive Order 12938 as 
in effect on January 1, 1999. 
(4) ADHERENT
TO
RELEVANT
NONPROLIFERA-
TION REGIME.—A government is an ‘‘adherent’’ to a 
‘‘relevant nonproliferation regime’’ if that govern-
ment— 
(A) is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers 
Group with respect to a transfer of goods, serv-
ices, 
or 
technology 
described 
in 
section 
2(a)(1)(A); 
(B) is a member of the Missile Technology 
Control Regime with respect to a transfer of 
goods, services, or technology described in section 
2(a)(1)(B), or is a party to a binding inter-
national agreement with the United States that 
was in effect on January 1, 1999, to control the 
transfer of such goods, services, or technology in 
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accordance with the criteria and standards set 
forth in the Missile Technology Control Regime; 
(C) is a member of the Australia Group 
with respect to a transfer of goods, services, or 
technology described in section 2(a)(1)(C); 
(D) is a party to the Convention on the 
Prohibition of the Development, Production, 
Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and 
on Their Destruction with respect to a transfer 
of goods, services, or technology described in sec-
tion 2(a)(1)(D); or 
(E) is a member of the Wassenaar Arrange-
ment with respect to a transfer of goods, services, 
or technology described in section 2(a)(1)(E). 
(5) ORGANIZATION OR ENTITY UNDER THE JU-
RISDICTION
OR
CONTROL
OF
THE
RUSSIAN
SPACE 
AGENCY.—(A) The term ‘‘organization or entity 
under the jurisdiction or control of the Russian Space 
Agency’’ means an organization or entity that— 
(i) was made part of the Russian Space 
Agency upon its establishment on February 25, 
1992; 
(ii) was transferred to the Russian Space 
Agency by decree of the Russian Government on 
July 25, 1994, or May 12, 1998; 
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(iii) was or is transferred to the Russian 
Space Agency by decree of the Russian Govern-
ment at any other time before, on, or after the 
date of the enactment of this Act; or 
(iv) is a joint stock company in which the 
Russian Space Agency has at any time held con-
trolling interest. 
(B) Any organization or entity described in sub-
paragraph (A) shall be deemed to be under the juris-
diction or control of the Russian Space Agency re-
gardless of whether— 
(i) such organization or entity, after being 
part of or transferred to the Russian Space 
Agency, is removed from or transferred out of the 
Russian Space Agency; or 
(ii) the Russian Space Agency, after hold-
ing a controlling interest in such organization or 
entity, divests its controlling interest. 
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