(2) it is the responsibility of the United States 
Government to work with its global partners to pro-
mote environmental justice and climate justice; 
(3) the 2023 report of the Intergovernmental 
Panel on Climate Change, entitled ‘‘AR6 Synthesis 
Report: Climate Change 2023’’, found that current 
global financial flows for climate adaptation are in-
sufficient for, and constrain implementation of, cli-
mate adaptation options, especially in developing 
countries; 
(4) the report of the United Nations Environ-
ment Programme entitled ‘‘Climate Change and the 
Cost of Capital in Developing Countries’’, dated May 
2018, found that, in the 10 years prior to the publi-
cation of the report, climate vulnerability had cost 
the 20 nations most affected by catastrophes rooted 
in climate change an additional $62,000,000,000 in 
interest payments alone; 
(5) individuals and families, particularly com-
munities of color, indigenous communities, and low- 
income communities, that are on the frontlines of 
climate change across the globe are often in close 
proximity to environmental stressors or sources of 
pollution; 
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(6) the communities described in paragraph 
(5)— 
(A) are often the first exposed to the 
causes and impacts of climate change; and 
(B) have the fewest resources with which 
to mitigate those impacts or to relocate; 
(7) all efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate 
change must include specific protections for and ac-
knowledgment of the harm of climate change to 
communities of color, indigenous peoples, women, 
and other frontline communities and marginalized 
peoples around the world; 
(8) in Paris, on December 12, 2015, the parties 
to the United Nations Framework Convention on 
Climate Change adopted the Paris Agreement, a 
benchmark agreement— 
(A) to combat climate change; and 
(B) to accelerate and intensify the actions 
and investments needed for a sustainable low 
carbon future; 
(9) the Paris Agreement, to which the United 
States is a party, acknowledges, ‘‘Parties should, 
when taking action to address climate change, re-
spect, promote and consider their respective obliga-
tions on human rights, the right to health, the rights 
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of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, 
children, persons with disabilities and people in vul-
nerable situations and the right to development, as 
well as gender equality, empowerment of women and 
intergenerational equity’’; 
(10) the Paris Agreement— 
(A) notes the importance of ‘‘climate jus-
tice’’ when mitigating and adapting to climate 
change; and 
(B) recognizes ‘‘the need for an effective 
and progressive response to the urgent threat of 
climate change’’; 
(11) it is imperative for all countries to under-
take mitigation activities to rapidly meet the goal of 
limiting global warming to not more than 1.5 de-
grees Celsius; 
(12) developed countries have the greatest ca-
pacity to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions, 
while— 
(A) developing countries have the least ca-
pacity to engage in mitigation activities; and 
(B) the capacity of developing countries to 
engage in mitigation activities is less than the 
national mitigation potential of those developing 
countries; 
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(13) the determination for the fair share of 
mitigation and adaptation activities for each country 
must take into account— 
(A) the historic greenhouse gas emissions 
of each country; and 
(B) the current capacity of each country to 
both mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and 
adapt to climate impacts; 
(14) developed countries that have historically 
emitted a disproportionately high share of green-
house gas emissions, and reaped the economic bene-
fits of those polluting activities, have a cor-
responding and disproportionately greater responsi-
bility to engage in global mitigation and adaptation 
activities than less industrialized countries that have 
historically polluted far less; 
(15) the only realistic way for less industri-
alized countries to meet their full mitigation poten-
tial is through international climate financing by 
more developed countries; 
(16) in the 2009 Copenhagen Accord, developed 
countries committed to jointly mobilize, starting in 
2020, $100,000,000,000 per year in public climate 
financing (as well as private investments and other 
alternative forms of finance) for developing coun-
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tries, a commitment reaffirmed in 2015 in Decision 
1/CP.21 of the United Nations Framework Conven-
tion on Climate Change, Adoption of the Paris 
Agreement; 
(17) the $100,000,000, commitment described 
in paragraph (16) was a political compromise that 
falls short of the actual financing needs for climate 
action in developing countries; 
(18) Bloomberg New Energy Finance has esti-
mated that the transition to renewable energy 
sources in developing countries will require hundreds 
of billions of dollars annually; 
(19) the United Nations Environment Pro-
gramme has estimated that adaptation needs relat-
ing to climate change in developing countries may be 
as much as $300,000,000,000 annually by 2030; 
(20) the Green Climate Fund was created in 
2010 by 194 countries to serve as a crucial financ-
ing mechanism to help developing countries limit or 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to cli-
mate change; 
(21) in 2015, the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change agreed that the 
Green Climate Fund should serve the goals of the 
Paris Agreement, which states that ‘‘developed coun-
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