‘‘(B) in any other manner; or 
‘‘(2) the operation of one or more experimental 
advanced nuclear reactors, for the purpose of dem-
onstrating the suitability for commercial application 
of such advanced nuclear reactors, funded in whole 
or in part by the private sector, at National Labora-
tories or other sites owned by the Department of 
Energy. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program to advance the research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of domestic ad-
vanced, affordable, nuclear energy technologies by— 
‘‘(1) demonstrating a variety of advanced nu-
clear reactor technologies that could be used to 
produce— 
‘‘(A) safer, emissions-free power at a lower 
cost compared to reactors operating on the date 
of enactment of the Nuclear Energy Research 
and Development Act; 
‘‘(B) heat for community heating, indus-
trial purposes, heat storage, or synthetic fuel 
production; 
‘‘(C) remote or off-grid energy supply; or 
‘‘(D) backup or mission-critical power sup-
plies; 
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‘‘(2) identifying research areas that the private 
sector is unable or unwilling to undertake due to the 
cost of, or risks associated with, the research; and 
‘‘(3) facilitating the access of the private sec-
tor— 
‘‘(A) to Federal research facilities and per-
sonnel; and 
‘‘(B) to the results of research relating to 
civil nuclear technology funded by the Federal 
Government. 
‘‘(c) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the pro-
gram established under subsection (b), the Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable— 
‘‘(A) enter into agreements to build not 
fewer than 2 advanced nuclear reactors as dem-
onstration projects to be completed not later 
than December 31, 2027; and 
‘‘(B) not later than December 31, 2035, to 
enter into not fewer than 2, and not more than 
5, agreements, to build advanced nuclear reac-
tors as additional operational demonstration 
projects. 
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‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out dem-
onstration projects under paragraph (1), the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(A) include, as an evaluation criterion, di-
versity in designs for the advanced nuclear re-
actors demonstrated under this section, includ-
ing designs using various— 
‘‘(i) primary coolants; 
‘‘(ii) fuel types and compositions; and 
‘‘(iii) neutron spectra; 
‘‘(B) consider, as an evaluation criterion, 
the likelihood that the operating cost for future 
commercial units for each design implemented 
through a demonstration project under this 
subsection is cost-competitive in the applicable 
market, including those designs configured as 
hybrid energy systems as described in section 
952(c); 
‘‘(C) ensure that each evaluation of can-
didate technologies for the demonstration 
projects is completed through an external re-
view of proposed designs, which review shall— 
‘‘(i) be conducted by a panel that in-
cludes not fewer than 1 representative that 
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does not have a conflict of interest of each 
of— 
‘‘(I) an electric utility; 
‘‘(II) an entity that uses high- 
temperature process heat for manu-
facturing or industrial processing, 
such as a petrochemical or synthetic 
fuel company, a manufacturer of met-
als or chemicals, or a manufacturer of 
concrete; 
‘‘(III) an expert from the invest-
ment community; 
‘‘(IV) 
a 
project 
management 
practitioner; and 
‘‘(V) an environmental health 
and safety expert; and 
‘‘(ii) include a review of each dem-
onstration project under this subsection 
which shall include consideration of cost- 
competitiveness and other value streams, 
together with the technology readiness 
level, the technical abilities and qualifica-
tions of teams desiring to demonstrate a 
proposed advanced nuclear reactor tech-
nology, the capacity to meet cost-share re-
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quirements of the Department, if Federal 
funding is provided, and environmental im-
pacts; 
‘‘(D) for federally funded demonstration 
projects, enter into cost-sharing agreements 
with private sector partners in accordance with 
section 988 for the conduct of activities relating 
to the research, development, and demonstra-
tion of advanced nuclear reactor designs under 
the program; 
‘‘(E) work with private sector partners to 
identify potential sites, including Department- 
owned sites, for demonstrations, as appropriate; 
‘‘(F) consult with— 
‘‘(i) National Laboratories; 
‘‘(ii) institutions of higher education; 
‘‘(iii) traditional end users (such as 
electric utilities); 
‘‘(iv) potential end users of new tech-
nologies (such as users of high-tempera-
ture process heat for manufacturing proc-
essing, including petrochemical or synthetic 
fuel companies, manufacturers of metals or 
chemicals, or manufacturers of concrete); 
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‘‘(v) developers of advanced nuclear 
reactor technology; 
‘‘(vi) environmental and public health 
and safety experts; and 
‘‘(vii) non-proliferation experts; 
‘‘(G) seek to ensure that the demonstration 
projects carried out under paragraph (1) do not 
cause any delay in the progress of an advanced 
reactor project by private industry and the De-
partment of Energy that is underway as of the 
date of enactment of this section; 
‘‘(H) establish a streamlined approval 
process for expedited contracting between 
awardees and the Department; 
‘‘(I) identify technical challenges to can-
didate technologies; 
‘‘(J) support near-term research and devel-
opment to address the highest risk technical 
challenges to the successful demonstration of a 
selected advanced reactor technology, in accord-
ance with— 
‘‘(i) subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(ii) the research and development ac-
tivities under section 952(b); and 
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‘‘(iii) the research and development 
activities under section 958; and 
‘‘(K) establish such technology advisory 
working groups as the Secretary determines to 
be appropriate to advise the Secretary regard-
ing the technical challenges identified under 
subparagraph (A) and the scope of research 
and development programs to address the chal-
lenges, in accordance with subparagraph (B), to 
be comprised of— 
‘‘(i) private sector advanced nuclear 
reactor technology developers; 
‘‘(ii) technical experts with respect to 
the relevant technologies at institutions of 
higher education; 
‘‘(iii) technical experts at the National 
Laboratories; 
‘‘(iv) environmental and public health 
and safety experts; 
‘‘(v) non-proliferation experts; and 
‘‘(vi) any other entities the Secretary 
determines appropriate. 
‘‘(d) 
MILESTONE-BASED
DEMONSTRATION 
PROJECTS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Using the authority of the 
Secretary under section 646(g) of the Department of 
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7256(g)), not-
withstanding paragraph (10) of such section, the 
Secretary may carry out not more than 3 dem-
onstration projects under subsection (c) as a mile-
stone-based demonstration project that requires par-
ticular technical and financial milestones to be met 
before a participant is awarded funds by the Depart-
ment. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out mile-
stone-based demonstration projects under the au-
thority in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, for 
each relevant project— 
‘‘(A) request proposals from eligible enti-
ties, as determined by the Secretary, that in-
clude— 
‘‘(i) a business plan; 
‘‘(ii) a plan for raising private sector 
investment; and 
‘‘(iii) proposed technical and financial 
milestones, including estimated project 
timelines and total costs, that are in ac-
cordance to the requirements specified in 
subsection (c); and 
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‘‘(B) award funding of a predetermined 
amount to projects that successfully meet pro-
posed milestones under subparagraph (A)(iii); 
and 
‘‘(C) require cost-sharing in accordance 
with Section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005. 
‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out dem-
onstration projects under this authority, the Sec-
retary shall consult with experts from the investment 
community to assess project proposals and deter-
mine the commercial viability of project proposals. 
‘‘(4) FAILURE TO MEET MILESTONES.—Should 
an awardee not meet the milestones described in 
paragraph (2)(A)(iii), the Secretary may end the 
partnership with the awardee and use the remaining 
funds in the ended agreement for new or existing 
demonstration projects under this section. 
‘‘(e) NONDUPLICATION.—Entities may not receive 
funds under this program if receiving funds from another 
reactor demonstration program at the Department in the 
same fiscal year. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the program under this subsection— 
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‘‘(1) $520,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $670,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $670,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $670,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $670,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con-
tents of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–58; 119 Stat. 594) is amended— 
(A) in the items relating to sections 957, 
958, and 959, by inserting ‘‘Sec.’’ before ‘‘9’’ 
each place it appears; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 959 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 959A. Advanced nuclear reactor research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial application program.’’. 
(h) INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY COOPERA-
TION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle E of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271 et 
seq.), as amended by subsection (g), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 959B. INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY COOPERA-
TION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with international regulators, shall carry out a program— 
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‘‘(1) to coordinate international efforts with re-
spect to research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application of nuclear technology that 
supports diplomatic, nonproliferation, climate, and 
international economic objectives for the safe, se-
cure, and peaceful use of such technology; and 
‘‘(2) to develop collaboration initiatives with re-
spect to such efforts with a variety of countries 
through— 
‘‘(A) research and development agree-
ments; 
‘‘(B) the development of coordinated action 
plans; and 
‘‘(C) new or existing multilateral coopera-
tion commitments including— 
‘‘(i) the International Framework for 
Nuclear Energy Cooperation; 
‘‘(ii) the Generation IV International 
Forum; 
‘‘(iii) the International Atomic Energy 
Agency; 
‘‘(iv) the Organization for Economic 
Co-operation and Development Nuclear 
Energy Agency; and 
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‘‘(v) any other international collabo-
rative effort with respect to advanced nu-
clear reactor operations and safety. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The program under sub-
section (a) shall be carried out to facilitate, to the max-
imum extent practicable, workshops and expert-based ex-
changes to engage industry, stakeholders, and foreign gov-
ernments regarding international civil nuclear issues, such 
as training, financing, safety, and options for multi-
national cooperation on used nuclear fuel disposal.’’. 
(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of con-
tents of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–58; 119 Stat. 594), as amended by subsection 
(g), is further amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 959A the following: 
‘‘Sec. 959B. International nuclear energy cooperation.’’. 
SEC. 4. NUCLEAR ENERGY BUDGET PLAN. 
Section 959 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16279) is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(b) BUDGET PLAN ALTERNATIVE 1.—One of the 
budget plans submitted under subsection (a) shall assume 
constant annual funding for 10 years at the appropriated 
level for the current fiscal year for the civilian nuclear en-
ergy research and development of the Department.’’; and 
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(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) UPDATES.—Not less frequently than once every 
2 years, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate updated 10-year budget plans 
which shall identify, and provide a justification for, any 
major deviation from a previous budget plan submitted 
under this section.’’. 
SEC. 5. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle E of title IX of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271 et seq.), as 
amended by section 3(h), is further amended by adding 
at the end of the following: 
‘‘SEC. 959C. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF PRO-
GRAMS. 
‘‘(a) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this subtitle, 
the Secretary shall coordinate activities, and effectively 
manage crosscutting research priorities across programs 
of the Department and other relevant Federal agencies, 
including the National Laboratories. 
‘‘(b) COLLABORATION.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this sub-
title, the Secretary shall collaborate with industry, 
National Laboratories, other relevant Federal agen-
cies, institutions of higher education, including mi-
nority-serving institutions and research reactors, 
Tribal entities, including Alaska Native Corpora-
tions, and international bodies with relevant sci-
entific and technical expertise. 
‘‘(2) PARTICIPATION.—To the extent prac-
ticable, the Secretary shall encourage research 
projects that promote collaboration between entities 
specified in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(c) DISSEMINATION
OF RESULTS
AND PUBLIC 
AVAILABILITY.—The Secretary shall, except to the extent 
protected from disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5, 
United States Code, publish the results of projects sup-
ported under this subtitle through Department websites, 
reports, databases, training materials, and industry con-
ferences, including information discovered after the com-
pletion of such projects. 
‘‘(d) EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.—In carrying out 
the activities described in this subtitle, the Secretary shall 
support education and outreach activities to disseminate 
information and promote public understanding of nuclear 
energy. 
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‘‘(e) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out this 
subtitle, for the purposes of supporting technical, non-
hardware, and information-based advances in nuclear en-
ergy development and operations, the Secretary shall also 
conduct technical assistance and analysis activities, includ-
ing activities that support commercial application of nu-
clear energy in rural, Tribal, and low-income communities. 
‘‘(f) PROGRAM REVIEW.—At least annually, all pro-
grams in this subtitle shall be subject to an annual review 
by the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee of the Depart-
ment or other independent entity, as appropriate. 
‘‘(g) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—The Secretary shall 
not publish any information generated under this subtitle 
that is detrimental to national security, as determined by 
the Secretary.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 594), as amended by section 3(h), is further amend-
ed by inserting after the item relating to section 959B 
the following: 
‘‘Sec. 959C. Organization and administration of programs.’’. 
Æ 
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