that impact the security of information 
and information systems that extend be-
yond the control of the agency; and 
‘‘(v) report any incident described 
under clauses (i) and (ii) to the Federal in-
formation security incident center, to other 
appropriate security operations centers, 
and to the Inspector General of the agen-
cy, to the extent practicable, within 24 
hours after discovery of the incident, but 
no later than 48 hours after such dis-
covery; 
‘‘(B) developing, maintaining, and over-
seeing an agencywide information security pro-
gram as required by subsection (b); 
‘‘(C) developing, maintaining, and over-
seeing information security policies, procedures, 
and control techniques to address all applicable 
requirements, including those issued under sec-
tion 11331 of title 40; 
‘‘(D) training and overseeing personnel 
with significant responsibilities for information 
security with respect to such responsibilities; 
and
‘‘(E) assisting senior agency officials con-
cerning their responsibilities under paragraph 
(2); 
‘‘(4) ensure that the agency has a sufficient 
number of trained and cleared personnel to assist 
the agency in complying with the requirements of 
this subchapter, other applicable laws, and related 
policies, procedures, standards, and guidelines; 
‘‘(5) ensure that the Chief Information Security 
Officer, in consultation with other senior agency offi-
cials, reports periodically, but not less than annually, 
to the agency head on— 
‘‘(A) the effectiveness of the agency infor-
mation security program; 
‘‘(B) information derived from automated 
and continuous monitoring, when possible, and 
threat assessments; and 
‘‘(C) the progress of remedial actions; 
‘‘(6) ensure that the Chief Information Security 
Officer possesses the necessary qualifications, includ-
ing education, training, experience, and the security 
clearance required to administer the functions de-
scribed under this subchapter; and has information 
security duties as the primary duty of that official; 
and
‘‘(7) ensure that components of that agency es-
tablish and maintain an automated reporting mecha-
nism that allows the Chief Information Security Of-
ficer with responsibility for the entire agency, and all 
components thereof, to implement, monitor, and hold 
senior agency officers accountable for the implemen-
tation of appropriate security policies, procedures, 
and controls of agency components. 
‘‘(b) AGENCY PROGRAM.—Each agency shall develop, 
document, and implement an agencywide information se-
curity program, approved by the Director and consistent 
with components across and within agencies, to provide 
information security for the information and information 
systems that support the operations and assets of the 
agency, including those provided or managed by another 
agency, contractor, or other source, that includes— 
‘‘(1) automated and continuous monitoring, 
when possible, of the risk and magnitude of the 
harm that could result from the disruption or unau-
thorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or de-
struction of information and information systems 
that support the operations and assets of the agen-
cy; 
‘‘(2) consistent with guidance developed under 
section 11331 of title 40, vulnerability assessments
and penetration tests commensurate with the risk 
posed to agency information systems; 
‘‘(3) policies and procedures that— 
‘‘(A) cost effectively reduce information se-
curity risks to an acceptable level; 
‘‘(B) ensure compliance with— 
‘‘(i) the requirements of this sub-
chapter; 
‘‘(ii) policies and procedures as may 
be prescribed by the Director, and infor-
mation security standards promulgated 
pursuant to section 11331 of title 40; 
‘‘(iii) minimally acceptable system 
configuration requirements, as determined 
by the Director; and 
‘‘(iv) any other applicable require-
ments, including— 
‘‘(I) standards and guidelines for 
national security systems issued in ac-
cordance with law and as directed by 
the President; and 
‘‘(II) the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology standards 
and guidance;
‘‘(C) develop, maintain, and oversee infor-
mation security policies, procedures, and control 
techniques to address all applicable require-
ments, including those promulgated pursuant 
section 11331 of title 40; and 
‘‘(D) ensure the oversight and training of 
personnel with significant responsibilities for in-
formation security with respect to such respon-
sibilities; 
‘‘(4) with a frequency sufficient to support risk- 
based security decisions, automated and continuous 
monitoring, when possible, for testing and evaluation 
of the effectiveness and compliance of information 
security policies, procedures, and practices, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(A) controls of every information system 
identified in the inventory required under sec-
tion 3505(c); and 
‘‘(B) controls relied on for an evaluation 
under this section; 
‘‘(5) a process for planning, implementing, eval-
uating, and documenting remedial action to address 
any deficiencies in the information security policies, 
procedures, and practices of the agency;