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taskings, and mechanisms for delivering and dis-
seminating the research results of designated univer-
sity-based centers within the Department and to 
other Federal, State, and local agencies. 
(6) An examination of the means by which aca-
demic institutions that are not designated or associ-
ated with the designated university-based centers 
can optimally contribute to the research mission of 
the Directorate. 
(7) An assessment of the interrelationship be-
tween the different university-based centers. 
(8) A review of any other essential elements of 
the programs determined in the conduct of the 
study. 
(c) MORATORIUM ON NEW UNIVERSITY-BASED CEN-
TERS.—The Secretary may not designate any new univer-
sity-based centers to research new areas in homeland secu-
rity prior to the completion of the Comptroller General’s 
review. 
SEC. 404. CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall sup-
port research, development, testing, evaluation, and tran-
sition of cybersecurity technology, including fundamental, 
long-term research to improve the ability of the United 
States to prevent, protect against, detect, respond to, and 
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recover from acts of terrorism and cyber attacks, with an 
emphasis on research and development relevant to large- 
scale, high-impact attacks. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—The research and development sup-
ported under subsection (a) shall include work to— 
(1) advance the development and accelerate the 
deployment of more secure versions of fundamental 
Internet protocols and architectures, including for 
the domain name system and routing protocols; 
(2) improve and create technologies for detect-
ing attacks or intrusions, including real-time moni-
toring and real-time analytic technologies; 
(3) improve and create mitigation and recovery 
methodologies, including techniques and policies for 
real-time containment of attacks, and development 
of resilient networks and systems that degrade 
gracefully; 
(4) develop and support infrastructure and tools 
to support cybersecurity research and development 
efforts, including modeling, testbeds, and data sets 
for assessment of new cybersecurity technologies; 
(5) assist the development and support of tech-
nologies to reduce vulnerabilities in process control 
systems; 
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(6) develop and support cyber forensics and at-
tack attribution; and 
(7) test, evaluate, and facilitate the transfer of 
technologies associated with the engineering of less 
vulnerable software and securing the information 
technology software development lifecycle. 
(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Under Secretary shall coordinate activities with— 
(1) the Under Secretary for National Protection 
and Programs; and 
(2) the heads of other relevant Federal depart-
ments and agencies, including the National Science 
Foundation, 
the 
Defense 
Advanced 
Research 
Projects Agency, the Information Assurance Direc-
torate of the National Security Agency, the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, the Depart-
ment of Commerce, and other appropriate working 
groups established by the President to identify 
unmet needs and cooperatively support activities, as 
appropriate. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF CYBERSECURITY PREPARED-
NESS CONSORTIUM AND TRAINING CENTER.— 
(1) CYBERSECURITY
PREPAREDNESS
CONSOR-
TIUM.—Subtitle C of title II of the Homeland Secu-
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rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 226. CYBERSECURITY PREPAREDNESS CONSORTIUM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To assist the Secretary in car-
rying out the requirements of section 404(a) of the Home-
land Security Science and Technology Authorization Act 
of 2010, the Secretary may establish a consortium to be 
known as the ‘Cybersecurity Preparedness Consortium’. 
‘‘(b) FUNCTIONS.—The Consortium shall— 
‘‘(1) provide training to State and local first re-
sponders and officials specifically for preparing and 
responding to cybersecurity attacks; 
‘‘(2) develop and update a curriculum and 
training model for State and local first responders 
and officials; 
‘‘(3) provide technical assistance services to 
build and sustain capabilities in support of cyberse-
curity preparedness and response; 
‘‘(4) conduct cybersecurity training and simula-
tion exercises to defend from and respond to cyber 
attacks; and 
‘‘(5) coordinate all cybersecurity preparedness 
training activities conducted by the Department. 
‘‘(c) MEMBERS.—The Consortium shall consist of 
academic, nonprofit, and government partners that— 
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‘‘(1) have demonstrated expertise in developing 
and delivering cybersecurity training in support of 
homeland security; 
‘‘(2) have demonstrated ability to utilize exist-
ing courses and expertise developed by the Depart-
ment; 
‘‘(3) have demonstrated ability to coordinate 
with the National Domestic Preparedness Consor-
tium and other training programs within the De-
partment; and 
‘‘(4) include at least 3 academic institutions 
that are any combination of historically Black col-
leges and universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, 
or tribal colleges and universities, that fulfill the cri-
teria of paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) of this sub-
section. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNI-
VERSITY.—The term ‘historically Black college or 
university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B 
institution’ in section 322(2) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)). 
‘‘(2) 
HISPANIC-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘Hispanic-serving institution’ has the meaning 
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(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated $75,000,000 to the Department for each 
of fiscal years 2011 and 2012 for the cybersecurity re-
search and development activities of the Directorate to 
prevent, detect, and respond to acts of terrorism and other 
large-scale disruptions to information infrastructure. 
SEC. 405. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY OF CY-
BERSECURITY INCENTIVES. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary and the 
Under Secretary for National Protection and Programs of 
the Department shall seek to enter into an agreement with 
the National Research Council of the National Academy 
of Sciences to conduct a study to assess methods that 
might be used to promote market mechanisms that further 
cybersecurity and make recommendations for appropriate 
improvements thereto. 
(b) SUBJECT MATTERS.—The study required under 
subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) Liability that subjects software and system 
vendors and system operators to potential damages 
for system breaches. 
(2) Mandated reporting of security breaches 
that could threaten critical functions, including pro-
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vision of electricity and resiliency of the financial 
sector. 
(3) Regulation that under threat of civil pen-
alty, imposes best practices on system operators of 
critical infrastructure. 
(4) Certification from standards bodies about 
conformance to relevant cybersecurity standards that 
can be used as a marketplace differentiation. 
(5) Accounting practices that require companies 
to report their cybersecurity practices and postures 
and the results of independently conducted red team 
simulated attacks or exercises. 
(6) Cybersecurity risk insurance, including 
analysis of the current marketplace and rec-
ommendations to promote cybersecurity insurance. 
(c) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than two 
years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees the results of the study required under subsection 
(a), together with any recommendations of the Secretary 
related thereto. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amount authorized by section 101, there is authorized to 
be appropriated $500,000 to the Department for fiscal 
year 2011 to carry out this section. 
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SEC. 406. RESEARCH ON CYBER COMPROMISE OF INFRA-
STRUCTURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to section 201 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121) and in 
furtherance of domestic preparedness for and collective re-
sponse to a cyber attack by a terrorist or other person, 
the Secretary, working with the heads of other national 
security and intelligence agencies, shall periodically con-
duct research to determine if the security of federally 
owned programmable electronic devices and communica-
tion networks, including hardware, software, and data, es-
sential to the reliable operation of critical electric infra-
structure has been compromised. 
(b) SCOPE OF RESEARCH.—The scope of the research 
required under subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) The extent of any compromise. 
(2) An identification of any attackers, including 
any affiliations with terrorists, terrorist organiza-
tions, state entities, and non-state entities. 
(3) The method of penetration. 
(4) Ramifications of any such compromise on 
future operations of critical electric infrastructure. 
(5) Secondary ramifications of any such com-
promise on other critical infrastructure sectors and 
the functioning of civil society. 
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(6) Ramifications of any such compromise on 
national security, including war fighting capability. 
(7) Recommended mitigation activities. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the date 
a determination has been made under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the findings of such determination. 
The report may contain a classified annex if the Secretary 
determines it to be appropriate. 
SEC. 407. DUAL-USE TERRORIST RISKS FROM SYNTHETIC 
GENOMICS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the field of synthetic genomics has the potential 
to facilitate enormous gains in fundamental discovery and 
biotechnological applications, but it also has inherent dual- 
use homeland security risks that must be managed. 
(b) REQUIREMENT.—The Under Secretary shall ex-
amine and report to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees by not later than one year after the date of enact-
ment of this Act on the homeland security implications 
of the dual-use nature of synthetic genomics and, if the 
Under Secretary determines that such research is appro-
priate, may conduct research in that area, including— 
(1) determining the current capability of syn-
thetic nucleic acid providers to effectively differen-
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tiate a legitimate customer from a potential terrorist 
or other malicious actor; 
(2) determining the current capability of syn-
thetic nucleic acid providers to effectively screen or-
ders for sequences of homeland security concern; 
and 
(3) making recommendations regarding screen-
ing software, protocols, and other remaining capa-
bility gaps uncovered by the study. 
SEC. 408. UNDERWATER TUNNEL SECURITY DEMONSTRA-
TION PROJECT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Assistant Secretary of the Transportation 
Security Administration, shall conduct a demonstration 
project to test and assess the feasibility and effectiveness 
of certain technologies to enhance the security of under-
water public transportation tunnels against terrorist at-
tacks involving the use of improvised explosive devices. 
(b) INFLATABLE PLUGS.—At least one of the tech-
nologies tested under subsection (a) shall be inflatable 
plugs that may be rapidly deployed to prevent flooding of 
an underwater public transportation tunnel. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the com-
pletion of the demonstration project under subsection (a), 
the Under Secretary shall submit to the appropriate con-
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gressional committees a report on the results of the dem-
onstration project. 
SEC. 409. THREATS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in carrying 
out responsibilities under section 302 of the Homeland Se-
curity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182), may support research, 
development, testing, evaluation, and transition of tech-
nology that increases the Nation’s preparedness against 
chemical and biological threats and strengthens the Na-
tion’s preparedness and collective response against those 
threats through improved threat awareness and advanced 
surveillance, detection, and protective countermeasures, 
and to enhance the development of border security tech-
nology. 
(b) BIOLOGICAL SECURITY.—To carry out subsection 
(a), the Under Secretary may conduct research to develop 
understanding, technologies, and systems needed to pro-
tect against biological attacks on the Nation’s population 
or infrastructure, including— 
(1) providing advanced planning tools, concepts 
of operations (including alarm resolution protocols), 
and training exercises for responding to and recov-
ering from biological attacks; 
(2) developing biological assays and improved 
detection technology that will operate with faster de-
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tection times, lower costs, and the potential for in-
creased geographical coverage to the Nation when 
compared to existing homeland security technologies; 
(3) characterizing threats posed by biological 
weapons, anticipating future threats, conducting 
comprehensive threat and risk assessments to guide 
prioritization of the Nation’s biodefense investments, 
and developing population threat assessments that 
inform the issuance of material threat determina-
tions; 
(4) conducting bioforensics research in support 
of criminal investigations to aid attribution, appre-
hension, and prosecution of a terrorist or other per-
petrator of a biological attack, and providing tools 
and facilities that Federal law enforcement inves-
tigators need to analyze biological threat evidence re-
covered, including operation of the National Bio-
forensic Analysis Center; and 
(5) conducting appropriate research and studies 
that will increase our understanding of and uncer-
tainties associated with risk and threats posed by bi-
ological agents through the Biological Threat Char-
acterization Center and other means as determined 
by the Secretary. 
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(c) AGRICULTURAL SECURITY.—The Under Sec-
retary may conduct research and development to enhance 
the protection of the Nation’s agriculture and food system 
against terrorist attacks, and other emergency events 
through enhancement of current agricultural counter-
measures, development of new agricultural counter-
measures, and provision of safe, secure, state-of-the-art 
biocontainment laboratories for researching foreign animal 
and zoonotic diseases, including— 
(1) developing technologies to defend the Na-
tion against the natural and intentional introduction 
of selected foreign animal diseases, developing next- 
generation vaccines and diagnostics in coordination 
with the Department of Agriculture, and modeling 
the spread of foreign animal diseases and their eco-
nomic impact to evaluate strategies for controlling 
outbreaks; and 
(2) leading the Department effort to enhance 
interagency coordination of research and develop-
ment of agricultural disease countermeasures. 
(d) CHEMICAL SECURITY.—The Under Secretary 
may develop technology to reduce the Nation’s vulner-
ability to chemical warfare agents and commonly used 
toxic industrial chemicals, including— 
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(1) developing a robust and enduring analytical 
capability in support of chemical countermeasures 
development, including developing and validating fo-
rensic methodologies and analytical tools, conducting 
risk and vulnerability assessments based on chemical 
threat properties, and maintaining infrastructure in-
cluding the Chemical Security Analysis Center; 
(2) developing technology to detect a chemical 
threat release; and 
(3) developing technologies and guidance docu-
ments to foster a coordinated approach to returning 
a chemically contaminated area to a normal condi-
tion, and to foster analysis of contaminated areas 
both before and after the restoration process. 
(e) RISK ASSESSMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall 
produce risk assessments for biological and chemical 
threats, and shall coordinate with the Director of the 
Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Depart-
ment, the Assistant Secretary of the Office of 
Health Affairs of the Department, and the Assistant 
Secretary of Infrastructure Protection of the De-
partment on an integrated risk assessment, includ-
ing regarding chemical, biological, radiological, nu-
clear, and explosive threats. 
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(2) USAGE.—The assessments required under 
paragraph (1) shall be used to inform and guide the 
threat assessments and determinations by the Sec-
retary regarding agents and toxins pursuant to sec-
tion 302(9) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 182(9)), and to guide prioritization of 
other homeland defense activities, as appropriate. 
(3) TASK
FORCE.—The Under Secretary for 
Science and Technology shall convene an interagency 
task force of relevant subject matter experts to as-
sess the proposed methodology to be used for each 
assessment required under paragraph (1), and to 
provide recommendations to the Under Secretary as 
to the adequacy of such methodology. 
(f) BORDER SECURITY.—The Under Secretary may 
develop technology, in coordination with the Commissioner 
of Customs and Border Protection, to gain effective con-
trol of the international land borders of the United States 
within 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 
In carrying out such development activities, the Under 
Secretary shall ensure coordination and integration be-
tween new technologies developed and those already uti-
lized by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 
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SEC. 410. MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND MARITIME 
SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES. 
(a) GLOBAL MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND 
MARITIME SECURITY TECHNOLOGY TEST, EVALUATION, 
AND TRANSITION CAPABILITIES.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish capabilities for conducting global maritime 
domain awareness and maritime security technology 
test, evaluation, and transition, as provided in this 
subsection. 
(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of such capabili-
ties shall be to— 
(A) direct technology test, evaluation, and 
transition activities in furtherance of border 
and maritime security; and 
(B) evaluate such technology in diverse en-
vironments including coastal, seaport, and off-
shore locations. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The Secretary, acting through 
the Under Secretary, shall ensure that— 
(1) technology test, evaluation, and transition 
efforts funded by the Department in furtherance of 
border and maritime security avoid duplication of ef-
forts, reduce unnecessary redundancies, streamline 
processes, increase efficiencies, and otherwise com-
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plement existing Department and other efforts in 
border and maritime security; and 
(2) the results of such efforts are shared with 
the appropriate congressional committees and others 
as determined appropriate by the Secretary. 
SEC. 411. RAPID BIOLOGICAL THREAT DETECTION AND 
IDENTIFICATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 302(4) 
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182(4)), 
the Secretary shall require the Under Secretary, in con-
sultation with other relevant operational components of 
the Department, to assess whether the development of 
screening capabilities for pandemic influenza and other in-
fectious diseases should be undertaken by the Directorate 
to support entry and exit screening at ports of entry and 
for other purposes. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT
OF METHODS.—If the Under 
Secretary determines that the development of such screen-
ing capabilities should be undertaken, the Secretary shall, 
to the extent possible, initiate development of safe and ef-
fective methods to rapidly screen incoming travelers at 
ports of entry for pandemic influenza and other infectious 
diseases. 
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(c) COLLABORATION.—In developing methods under 
subsection (b), the Secretary may collaborate with other 
Federal agencies, as appropriate. 
SEC. 412. EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ABOUT RADIOLOGICAL 
THREATS. 
(a) PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.—The Secretary 
shall develop a public awareness campaign to enhance pre-
paredness and collective response to a radiological attack, 
including the following: 
(1) A clear explanation of the dangers associ-
ated with radioactive materials. 
(2) Possible effects of different levels of radi-
ation exposure, including a clear description of the 
how radiation exposure occurs and the amount of ex-
posure necessary to be of concern. 
(3) Actions that members of the public should 
take regarding evacuation, personal decontamina-
tion, and medical treatment. 
(b) RECOVERY.—The Secretary shall develop a plan 
for postevent recovery from a radiological attack. Such 
plan shall include the following: 
(1) A definition of the demarcation between re-
sponse and recovery from a radiological attack. 
(2) Consideration of multiple attack scenarios, 
including a worst-case scenario. 
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(3) Consideration of multiple recovery strate-
gies, including decontamination, demolition and re-
moval, and relocation. 
(4) Consideration of economic, health, and psy-
chological effects. 
SEC. 413. RURAL RESILIENCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall con-
duct research intended to assist State, local, and tribal 
leaders and the private sector in developing the tools and 
methods to enhance preparation for, and response and re-
silience to, terrorist events and other incidents. 
(b) INCLUDED ACTIVITIES.—Activities under this 
section may include— 
(1) research and implementation through out-
reach activities with rural communities; 
(2) an examination of how communities employ 
resilience capabilities and response assets; 
(3) a community resilience baseline template for 
determining the resilience capacity of a rural com-
munity; 
(4) a plan to address community needs for re-
silience; 
(5) an education program for community lead-
ers and first responders about their resilience capac-
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ity and mechanisms for mitigation, including via dis-
tance learning; and 
(6) a mechanism by which this research can 
serve as a model for adoption by communities across 
the Nation. 
SEC. 414. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE NEED FOR 
INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS FOR INTER-
NET PROTOCOL VIDEO SURVEILLANCE TECH-
NOLOGY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) video surveillance systems that operate over 
the Internet are an emerging homeland security 
technology that has the potential of significantly im-
proving homeland security forensic and analytical 
capability; 
(2) to realize the full security benefits of such 
emerging homeland security technology, there should 
be interoperability standards for such technology; 
(3) the Directorate, working with the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and any 
other appropriate Federal agencies, should encour-
age the private sector to develop interoperability 
standards for such emerging homeland security tech-
nology; and 
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