108 
(i) by striking ‘‘section 109’’ and in-
serting ‘‘section 134 of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (as added by section 
109)’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2008 through 2011’’; and 
(C) 
in 
paragraph 
(3), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$300,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$500,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(6) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; 
(7) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘fiscal year 
2006’’ and inserting ‘‘each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; and 
(8) in subsection (i), by striking ‘‘$18,000,000’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$18,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’. 
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109 
SEC. 302. TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHOR-
IZATION ACT OF 2005. 
The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization 
Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–164) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (7) of section 102(b), by strik-
ing ‘‘2006 and 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2008 through 
2011’’; 
(2) in subsection (b) of section 105, by adding 
at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
To carry out this subsection, there are authorized to 
be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Labor 
$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 
2011.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c) of section 201— 
(A) 
in 
paragraph 
(1), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$2,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006 
and 2007’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘$3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; and 
(B) 
in 
paragraph 
(2), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$1,000,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$1,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(4) in subsection (d) of section 202, by striking 
‘‘$10,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
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110 
and inserting ‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(5) in subsection (g) of section 203, by striking 
‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$5,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’; and 
(6) in subsection (d) of section 204, by striking 
‘‘$25,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$25,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’. 
SEC. 303. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
The amendments made by sections 301 and 302 shall 
not be construed to affect the availability of funds appro-
priated pursuant to the authorizations of appropriations 
under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (di-
vision A of Public Law 106–386; 22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) 
and the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization 
Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–164) before the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 304. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 
(a) TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT
OF 
2000.—Sections 103(1) and 105(d)(7) of the Trafficking 
Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(1) and 
7103(d)(7)) are amended by striking ‘‘Committee on 
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111 
International Relations’’ each place it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’. 
(b) TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHOR-
IZATION ACT
OF 2005.—Section 102(b)(6) and sub-
sections (c)(2)(B)(i) and (e)(2) of section 104 of the Traf-
ficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109–164) are amended by striking ‘‘Com-
mittee on International Relations’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’. 
TITLE IV—PREVENTION OF THE 
USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS 
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Child Soldier Preven-
tion Act of 2007’’. 
SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate. 
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112 
(2) CHILD SOLDIER.—Consistent with the pro-
visions of the Optional Protocol, the term ‘‘child sol-
dier’’— 
(A) means— 
(i) any person under age 18 who takes 
a direct part in hostilities as a member of 
governmental armed forces; 
(ii) any person under age 18 who has 
been compulsorily recruited into govern-
mental armed forces; 
(iii) any person under age 15 volun-
tarily recruited into governmental armed 
forces; and 
(iv) any person under age 18 re-
cruited or used in hostilities by armed 
forces distinct from the armed forces of a 
state; and 
(B) includes any person described in 
clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of subparagraph (A) 
who is serving in any capacity, including in a 
support role such as a cook, porter, messenger, 
medic, guard, or sex slave. 
(3) OPTIONAL PROTOCOL.—The term ‘‘Optional 
Protocol’’ means the Optional Protocol to the Con-
vention on the Rights of the Child on the Involve-
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113 
ment of Children in Armed Conflict, which estab-
lishes 18 as the minimum age for conscription or 
forced recruitment and requires states party to en-
sure that members of their armed forces under the 
age of 18 do not take a direct part in hostilities 
(4) UNITED
STATES
MUNITIONS
LIST.—The 
term ‘‘United States Munitions List’’ means the list 
referred to in section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 
SEC. 403. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) According to the September 7, 2005, report 
to the General Assembly of the United Nations by 
the Special Representative of the Secretary-General 
for Children and Armed Conflict, ‘‘In the last dec-
ade, two million children have been killed in situa-
tions of armed conflict, while six million children 
have been permanently disabled or injured. Over 
250,000 children continue to be exploited as child 
soldiers and tens of thousands of girls are being sub-
jected to rape and other forms of sexual violence.’’. 
(2) According to the Center for Emerging 
Threats and Opportunities (CETO), Marine Corps 
Warfighting Laboratory, ‘‘The Child Soldier Phe-
nomenon has become a post-Cold War epidemic that 
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114 
has proliferated to every continent with the excep-
tion of Antarctica and Australia.’’. 
(3) Many of the children currently serving in 
armed forces or paramilitaries were forcibly con-
scripted through kidnapping or coercion, a form of 
human trafficking, while others joined military units 
due to economic necessity, to avenge the loss of a 
family member, or for their own personal safety. 
(4) Some military and militia commanders force 
child soldiers to commit gruesome acts of ritual 
killings or torture, including acts of violence against 
other children. 
(5) Many female child soldiers face the addi-
tional psychological and physical horrors of rape and 
sexual abuse, enslavement for sexual purposes by mi-
litia commanders, and severe social stigma should 
they return home. 
(6) Some military and militia commanders tar-
get children for recruitment because of their psycho-
logical immaturity and vulnerability to manipulation 
and indoctrination. Children are often separated 
from their families in order to foster dependence on 
military units and leaders. Consequently, many of 
these children suffer from deep trauma and are in 
need of psychological counseling and rehabilitation. 
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115 
(7) Child soldiers are exposed to hazardous con-
ditions and are at risk of physical injury and dis-
ability, psychological trauma, sexually transmitted 
diseases, respiratory and skin infections, and often 
death. 
(8) On May 25, 2000, the United Nations 
adopted and opened for signature, ratification, and 
accession the Optional Protocol to the Convention on 
the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Chil-
dren in Armed Conflict. 
(9) On June 18, 2002, the Senate unanimously 
approved the resolution advising and consenting to 
the ratification of the Optional Protocol. 
(10) On December 23, 2002, the United States 
presented the ratified Optional Protocol to the 
United Nations. 
(11) More than 110 governments worldwide 
have ratified the Optional Protocol, establishing a 
clear international norm concerning the use of chil-
dren in combat. 
(12) On December 2, 1999, the United States 
ratified International Labour Convention 182, the 
Convention concerning the Prohibition and Imme-
diate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms 
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116 
of Child Labour, which includes the use of child sol-
diers among the worst forms of child labor. 
(13) On October 7, 2005, the Senate gave its 
advice and consent to the ratification of the Protocol 
to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Per-
sons, 
Especially 
Women 
and 
Children, 
Supplementing the United Nations Convention 
Against Transnational Organized Crime. 
(14) It is in the national security interest of the 
United States to reduce the chances that members 
of the United States Armed Forces will be forced to 
encounter children in combat situations. 
(15) Section 502B(a)(3) of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(a)(3)) provides 
that ‘‘the President is directed to formulate and con-
duct international security assistance programs of 
the United States in a manner which will promote 
and advance human rights and avoid identification 
of the United States, through such programs, with 
governments which deny to their people internation-
ally recognized human rights and fundamental free-
doms, in violation of international law or in con-
travention of the policy of the United States as ex-
pressed in this section or otherwise’’. 
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117 
SEC. 404. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States Government should con-
demn the conscription, forced recruitment or use of 
children by governments, paramilitaries, or other or-
ganizations in hostilities; 
(2) the United States Government should sup-
port and, where practicable, lead efforts to establish 
and uphold international standards designed to end 
this abuse of human rights; 
(3) the United States Government should ex-
pand ongoing services to rehabilitate recovered child 
soldiers and to reintegrate them back into their com-
munities by— 
(A) offering ongoing psychological services 
to help victims recover from their trauma and 
relearn how to deal with others in nonviolent 
ways such that they are no longer a danger to 
their community; 
(B) facilitating reconciliation with their 
communities through negotiations with tradi-
tional leaders and elders to enable recovered 
abductees to resume normal lives in their com-
munities; and 
(C) providing educational and vocational 
assistance; 
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118 
(4) the United States should work with the 
international community, including, where appro-
priate, third country governments, nongovernmental 
organizations, faith-based organizations, United Na-
tions agencies, local governments, labor unions, and 
private enterprise— 
(A) on efforts to bring to justice rebel or-
ganizations that kidnap children for use as 
child soldiers, including the Lord’s Resistance 
Army (LRA) in Uganda, Fuerzas Armadas 
Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), and Lib-
eration Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), includ-
ing, where feasible, by arresting the leaders of 
such groups; and 
(B) on efforts to recover those children 
who have been abducted and to assist them in 
their rehabilitation and reintegration into com-
munities; 
(5) the Secretary of State, the Secretary of 
Labor, and the Secretary of Defense should coordi-
nate programs to achieve the goals specified in para-
graph (3), and in countries where the use of child 
soldiers is an issue, whether or not it is supported 
or sanctioned by the governments of such countries, 
United States diplomatic missions should include in 
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119 
their mission program plans a strategy to achieve 
the goals specified in such paragraph; 
(6) United States diplomatic missions in coun-
tries in which governments use or tolerate child sol-
diers should develop, as part of annual program 
planning, strategies to promote efforts to end this 
abuse of human rights; and 
(7) in allocating or recommending the allocation 
of funds or recommending candidates for programs 
and grants funded by the United States Govern-
ment, United States diplomatic missions should give 
serious consideration to those programs and can-
didates deemed to promote the end to this abuse of 
human rights. 
SEC. 405. PROHIBITION ON PROVISION OF MILITARY AS-
SISTANCE TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS THAT 
RECRUIT OR USE CHILD SOLDIERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsections (b), (c), 
and (d), none of the funds made available to carry out 
sections 516 or 541 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2321j or 2347) or section 23 of the Arms Ex-
port Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763) may be used to provide 
assistance to, and no item on the United States Munition 
List may be exported to, the government of a country that 
the Secretary of State determines has governmental armed 
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120 
forces or government supported armed groups, including 
paramilitaries, militias, or civil defense forces, that recruit 
or use child soldiers. 
(b) PUBLICATION OF LIST OF FOREIGN GOVERN-
MENTS
AND
NOTIFICATION
TO
FOREIGN
GOVERN-
MENTS.— 
(1) PUBLICATION OF LIST OF FOREIGN GOV-
ERNMENTS.—The Secretary of State shall include a 
list of the foreign governments subject to the prohi-
bition in subsection (a) in the report required by sec-
tion 110(b) of the Trafficking Victims Protection 
Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7107(b)). 
(2) 
NOTIFICATION
TO
FOREIGN
GOVERN-
MENTS.—The Secretary of State shall formally no-
tify each foreign government subject to the prohibi-
tion in subsection (a). 
(c) NATIONAL INTEREST WAIVER.— 
(1) WAIVER.—The President may waive the ap-
plication to a foreign government of the prohibition 
in subsection (a) if the President determines that 
such waiver is in the interest of the United States. 
(2) PUBLICATION
AND
NOTIFICATION.—The 
President shall publish each waiver granted under 
paragraph (1) in the Federal Register and shall no-
tify the appropriate congressional committees of 
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121 
each such waiver, including the justification for the 
waiver, in accordance with the regular notification 
procedures of such committees. 
(d) REINSTATEMENT OF ASSISTANCE.—The Presi-
dent may provide to a foreign government assistance oth-
erwise prohibited under subsection (a) upon certifying to 
the appropriate congressional committees that the foreign 
government— 
(1) has implemented effective measures to come 
into compliance with the standards of this title; and 
(2) has implemented effective policies and 
mechanisms to prohibit and prevent future use of 
child soldiers and to ensure that no children are re-
cruited, conscripted, or otherwise compelled to serve 
as child soldiers. 
(e) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(1) ASSISTANCE TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM OF 
CHILD
SOLDIERS
AND
PROFESSIONALIZATION
OF 
THE MILITARY.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President may 
provide to a foreign government assistance 
under section 541 of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2347; relating to inter-
national military education and training) other-
wise prohibited under subsection (a) upon certi-
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122 
fying to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees that— 
(i) the government is implementing ef-
fective measures to demobilize child sol-
diers in its forces or in government sup-
ported paramilitaries and to provide demo-
bilization, rehabilitation, and reintegration 
assistance to those former child soldiers; 
and 
(ii) the assistance provided by the 
United States Government to the govern-
ment will go to programs that will directly 
support professionalization of the military. 
(B) LIMITATION.—The exception under 
subparagraph (A) may not remain in effect for 
more than 2 years following the date of notifi-
cation specified in subsection (b)(2). 
(2) ASSISTANCE
TO
FURTHER
COOPERATION 
WITH
THE
UNITED
STATES
TO
COMBAT
INTER-
NATIONAL TERRORISM.—The President may provide 
to a foreign government assistance under any provi-
sion of law specified in subsection (a) if the purpose 
of the assistance is specifically designed to further 
cooperation between the United States and the for-
eign government to combat international terrorism. 
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123 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICABILITY.—This section 
takes effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act and shall apply to funds made available for the 
first fiscal year beginning after such effective date and 
each subsequent fiscal year. 
SEC. 406. REPORTS. 
(a) PREPARATION OF REPORTS REGARDING CHILD 
SOLDIERS.—The Secretary of State shall ensure that 
United States missions abroad thoroughly investigate re-
ports of the use of child soldiers in the countries in which 
such missions are located. 
(b) INFORMATION FOR ANNUAL HUMAN RIGHTS RE-
PORTS.—In preparing those portions of the Department 
of State’s annual Country Reports on Human Rights 
Practices that relate to child soldiers, the Secretary of 
State shall ensure that such portions include a description 
of the use of child soldiers in each foreign country, includ-
ing— 
(1) trends toward improvement in such country 
of the status of child soldiers or the continued or in-
creased tolerance of such practices; and 
(2) the role of the government of such country 
in engaging in or tolerating the use of child soldiers. 
(c) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 
June 15 of each year for 10 years following the date of 
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124 
the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees— 
(1) a list of any waivers or exceptions exercised 
under section 405; 
(2) a justification for those waivers and excep-
tions; and 
(3) a description of any assistance provided 
pursuant to section 405. 
(d) REPORT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF TITLE.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the President shall submit to appropriate con-
gressional committees a report setting forth a strategy for 
achieving the policy objectives of this title, including a de-
scription of an effective mechanism for coordination of 
United States Government efforts to implement this strat-
egy. 
(e) REPORT ON CHILD SOLDIERS IN BURMA.—Not 
later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report of the recruitment and 
use of child soldiers by the governmental armed forces or 
government-supported armed groups of the Government of 
Burma, including paramilitaries, militias, or civil defense 
forces. 
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125 
SEC. 407. TRAINING FOR FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS. 
Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 
U.S.C. 4028) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(c) The Secretary of State, with the assistance of 
other relevant officials, shall establish as part of the stand-
ard training provided after January 1, 2008, for members 
of the Service, including chiefs of mission, instruction on 
matters related to child soldiers and the terms of the Child 
Soldier Prevention Act of 2007.’’. 
Æ 
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