I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4978 
To impose additional duties on imports of goods into the United States, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
AUGUST 15, 2025 
Mr. GOLDEN of Maine (for himself and Mr. STEUBE) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in 
addition to the Committees on Financial Services, Foreign Affairs, and 
Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within 
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To impose additional duties on imports of goods into the 
United States, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Secure Trade Act’’. 
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TITLE I—IMPOSITION OF ADDI-
TIONAL DUTIES ON IMPORTS 
OF GOODS INTO THE UNITED 
STATES AND EXCEPTION TO 
DUTY EXEMPTION FOR DE 
MINIMIS ENTRIES AND MODI-
FICATIONS TO ENTRY REGU-
LATIONS 
SEC. 101. IMPOSITION OF ADDITIONAL DUTIES ON IM-
PORTS OF GOODS INTO THE UNITED STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be imposed a duty on 
imports of any good into the United States in an amount 
equal to 10 percent ad valorem of the good for each cal-
endar year beginning on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
(b) DUTIES TO BE CONSIDERED ADDITIONAL DU-
TIES.—The duty required by subsection (a) with respect 
to a good is in addition to any other duty imposed by law 
with respect to the good. 
(c) WAIVER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 
the President may reduce the percentage require-
ment in subsection (a) (but not to zero) with respect 
to goods in any economic sector of the United States 
if the President determines that such reduction is in 
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the national interest or national security interest of 
the United States. 
(2) 
CONGRESSIONAL
CONSULTATION.—The 
President shall consult with the Committee on Ways 
and Means of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Finance of the Senate prior to exer-
cising the authority of paragraph (1) for purposes of 
determining whether the economic sector that is to 
be the subject of the reduction of the percentage re-
quirement in subsection (a) is appropriate. 
TITLE II—TRADE WITH CHINA 
SEC. 201. MODIFICATIONS TO RATES OF DUTY TO ADDRESS 
TRADE WITH THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF RATES OF DUTY WITH RE-
SPECT TO ARTICLES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President, by proclama-
tion, shall revise the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of 
the United States (in this Act referred to as the 
‘‘HTS’’) to include rates of duty applicable only with 
respect to articles of the People’s Republic of China. 
(2) RATES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The rates of duty pro-
claimed under paragraph (1) shall be, except as 
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provided by subsection (h), the rates of duty set 
forth in the column 2 rate of duty column of 
the HTS on the day before the date of the en-
actment of this Act, modified as required by 
subsection (b) and, if applicable, adjusted for 
inflation under subsection (c). 
(B) MINIMUM RATE OF DUTY FOR NON- 
STRATEGIC GOODS.—A rate of duty described in 
subparagraph (A) of an article that is not an 
article specified in section 203 that is less than 
35 percent ad valorem as of the day before the 
date of the enactment of this Act shall be in-
creased to 35 percent ad valorem. 
(b) MODIFICATIONS TO RATES OF DUTY WITH RE-
SPECT TO ARTICLES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA.— 
(1) AD VALOREM DUTIES AND FREE RATES OF 
DUTY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A rate of duty set forth 
in the column 2 rate of duty column of the 
HTS that is expressed as a percentage, or that 
is free, shall, except as provided by subpara-
graph (B) or (C), continue to apply to articles 
of the People’s Republic of China. 
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(B) MINIMUM RATE OF 100 PERCENT FOR 
CERTAIN ARTICLES.—In the case of an article 
specified in section 203, a rate of duty de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) that is less than 
100 percent ad valorem as of the day before the 
date of the enactment of this Act shall be in-
creased to 100 percent ad valorem. 
(2) SPECIFIC
AND
COMPOUND
RATES
OF 
DUTY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A rate of duty set forth 
in the column 2 rate of duty column of the 
HTS that is expressed as a specific or com-
pound rate of duty shall, except as provided by 
subparagraphs (B) and (C), continue to apply 
to articles of the People’s Republic of China, 
subject to adjustment for inflation under sub-
section (c). 
(B) MINIMUM RATE EQUIVALENT TO 100 
PERCENT
AD
VALOREM
FOR
CERTAIN
ARTI-
CLES.—In the case of an article specified in 
section 203, a rate of duty described in sub-
paragraph (A) that is less than the equivalent 
of 100 percent ad valorem, after adjustment for 
inflation under subsection (c), shall be in-
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creased to be equivalent to 100 percent ad valo-
rem. 
(c) ADJUSTMENT OF DUTIES FOR INFLATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and on De-
cember 31 of each year thereafter, the President 
shall proclaim modifications to adjust the specific 
and compound rates of duty described in subsection 
(b)(2), as modified under that subsection, to reflect 
the increase in the average of the Consumer Price 
Index for the most recent full calendar year for 
which data are available compared to the Consumer 
Price Index for calendar year 1930. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE OF INFLATION ADJUST-
MENTS.— 
(A) FIRST ADJUSTMENT.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The first adjust-
ment required by paragraph (1) shall apply 
with respect to articles entered, or with-
drawn from warehouse for consumption, on 
or after January 1, 2025. 
(ii) RULES
FOR
RETROACTIVE
COL-
LECTION.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
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Protection shall issue rules for the retro-
active collection of duties under clause (i). 
(B) SUBSEQUENT
ADJUSTMENTS.—Each 
adjustment required by paragraph (1) after the 
first such adjustment shall apply with respect 
to articles entered, or withdrawn from ware-
house for consumption, on or after January 1 
of the year beginning after the issuance of the 
proclamation. 
(3) BASE RATE.—For purposes of the adjust-
ment required by paragraph (1), the President shall 
use the rate of duty applicable under the column 2 
general rate of duty column of the HTS, as modified 
under subsection (b), as the base rate. 
(4) CONSUMER
PRICE
INDEX
DEFINED.—For 
purposes of this subsection, the term ‘‘Consumer 
Price Index’’ means the Consumer Price Index for 
All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor. 
(d) PHASE-IN OF DUTY INCREASES.—The President 
shall, by proclamation, phase-in the application of the duty 
increases required by subsection (a), as modified under 
subsection (b) and, if applicable, adjusted for inflation 
under subsection (c), as follows: 
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(1) On and after the date that is 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, 10 percent of 
the total duty increase with respect to an article 
shall apply. 
(2) On and after the date that is 2 years after 
such date of enactment, 25 percent of the total duty 
increase with respect to an article shall apply. 
(3) On and after the date that is 4 years after 
such date of enactment, 50 percent of the total duty 
increase with respect to an article shall apply. 
(4) On and after the date that is 5 years after 
such date of enactment, 100 percent of the total 
duty increase with respect to an article shall apply. 
(e) INFORMATION FROM INTERNATIONAL TRADE 
COMMISSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than July 1 of 
each year, the United States International Trade 
Commission (in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Com-
mission’’) shall submit to the President the informa-
tion described in paragraph (2) with respect to arti-
cles that are subject to a specific or compound rate 
of duty under the column 2 rate of duty column of 
the HTS and for which sufficient data are available 
to calculate the ad valorem equivalent of those rates 
of duty. 
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(2) INFORMATION
DESCRIBED.—The informa-
tion described in this paragraph is an identification 
of which articles specified in section 203 have an ad 
valorem equivalent rate of duty of less than 100 per-
cent after adjustment for inflation under subsection 
(c) and, for each such article, a calculation of the 
specific or compound rate of duty that would in-
crease the rate of duty to be equivalent to 100 per-
cent ad valorem. 
(f) TREATMENT
OF ARTICLES IMPORTED ONLY 
FROM THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.— 
(1) TARIFF-RATE QUOTAS.— 
(A) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENTS.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, the President 
shall, by proclamation, establish a tariff- 
rate quota that shall— 
(I) apply to each article imported 
only from the People’s Republic of 
China; and 
(II) be set for each calendar year 
at an amount that is equal to the 
amount, if any, by which consumption 
of the article in the United States in 
the most recent calendar year for 
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which data are available exceeds pro-
duction of the article in the United 
States during that calendar year. 
(ii) DETERMINATION
OF
THE
PEO-
PLE’S
REPUBLIC
OF
CHINA
AS
ONLY 
SOURCE.—For purposes of subparagraph 
(A)(i)(I), the President shall determine 
that an article is imported only from the 
People’s Republic of China if official trade 
statistics of the Department of Commerce 
for the most recent full calendar year for 
which data are available for the applicable 
subheading of any of chapters 1 through 
97 of the HTS, as reported on entry sum-
mary forms, show that the article is im-
ported only from the People’s Republic of 
China and from no other country. 
(B) ENTRY OF IN-QUOTA ARTICLES.—Not-
withstanding any other provision of this section, 
an article described in subparagraph (A)(i)(I) 
that is entered before the applicable tariff-rate 
quota is reached for the calendar year in which 
the article is entered shall— 
(i) during the 3-year period beginning 
on the date of the enactment of this Act, 
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be subject to the rate of duty applicable to 
the article on the day before such date of 
enactment; and 
(ii) after the period described in 
clause (i), be subject to the rate of duty 
applicable under subsection (a), as modi-
fied under subsection (b) and as phased-in 
under paragraph (2). 
(C) ENTRY OF ABOVE-QUOTA ARTICLES.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this sec-
tion, an article described in subparagraph 
(A)(i)(I) that is entered after the tariff-rate 
quota is reached for the calendar year in which 
the article is entered shall be subject to a rate 
of duty of 100 percent ad valorem. 
(2) PHASE-IN OF DUTY INCREASES.—Beginning 
on the date that is 3 years after the date of the en-
actment of this Act, the President may, by procla-
mation, phase-in the application of the duty in-
creases required by paragraph (1)(B) with respect to 
each article described in paragraph (1)(A)(i)(I) and 
entered before the applicable tariff-rate quota under 
paragraph (1) is reached for the calendar year in 
which the article is entered, as follows: 
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(A) On and after the date that is 3 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, 10 
percent of the total duty increase required by 
paragraph (1)(B) with respect to the article 
shall apply. 
(B) On and after the date that is 5 years 
after such date of enactment, 25 percent of the 
total duty increase required by paragraph 
(1)(B) with respect to the article shall apply. 
(C) On and after the date that is 6 years 
after such date of enactment, 50 percent of the 
total duty increase required by paragraph 
(1)(B) with respect to the article shall apply. 
(D) On and after the date that is 7 years 
after such date of enactment, 100 percent of 
the total duty increase required by paragraph 
(1)(B) with respect to the article shall apply. 
(3) 
INFORMATION
FROM
INTERNATIONAL 
TRADE COMMISSION.—Not later than July 1 of each 
year, the Commission shall submit to the President 
an estimate of the production and consumption in 
the United States of articles described in paragraph 
(1)(A)(i)(I) for which sufficient data are available to 
make such an estimate. 
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(g) AUTHORITY TO FURTHER MODIFY DUTIES SPE-
CIFIC TO THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President, by proclama-
tion, may increase the rates of duty applicable to ar-
ticles of the People’s Republic of China to rates that 
are higher than the rates of duty described in sub-
section (a) and modified as required by subsection 
(b) if the President determines doing so is necessary 
to counteract the dependence of the United States 
on imports from the People’s Republic of China or 
to penalize the People’s Republic of China for unfair 
trading practices. 
(2) PHASE-IN.—If the President proclaims an 
increase in a rate of duty under paragraph (1), the 
President shall provide for the increase to be 
phased-in over a period of 5 years on a schedule 
equivalent to the schedule set forth in subsection 
(d). 
(3) REPORT.—The President may, for one or 
more periods of not more than 60 days each, waive 
the application of this subsection with respect to ar-
ticles described in paragraph (1) if the President 
certifies Congress, not later than 15 days before 
such waiver takes effect, that the waiver is vital to 
the national security interests of the United States. 
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(h) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.— 
(1) AUTHORITY
TO
IMPOSE
QUOTAS
TO
DE-
CREASE
RELIANCE
ON
CHINESE
IMPORTS.—The 
President may establish quotas for the progressive 
elimination of reliance on any articles imported from 
the People’s Republic of China. 
(2) AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT IMPORTS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President may 
prohibit the importation of any article from the 
People’s Republic of China if the President de-
termines that— 
(i) the importation of the article poses 
a threat to the national security of the 
United States; or 
(ii) the article is produced in a man-
ner that— 
(I) constitutes an unfair trade 
practice; or 
(II) violates human rights. 
(B) REGULATIONS.—The President shall 
prescribe such regulations as may be necessary 
for the enforcement of this paragraph. 
(3) ADDITIONAL
AUTHORITY.—In addition to 
the other authorities provided by this section, the 
President may proclaim such modifications to the 
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HTS as the President determines appropriate to 
achieve the objectives of this Act, including with re-
spect to the manner of reflecting any modifications 
in the HTS. 
SEC. 202. VALUATION OF MERCHANDISE IMPORTED FROM 
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
Subpart A of part I of title IV of the Tariff Act of 
1930 (19 U.S.C. 1401 et seq.) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. VALUATION OF MERCHANDISE IMPORTED FROM 
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, merchandise imported from the People’s Re-
public of China shall be appraised on the basis of the 
United States value of the merchandise. 
‘‘(b) VERIFICATION OF UNITED STATES VALUE.— 
‘‘(1) SUBMISSION BY IMPORTERS.—An importer 
of merchandise described in subsection (a) shall sub-
mit to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, upon 
entry of the merchandise, a statement of the United 
States value of the merchandise. 
‘‘(2) VERIFICATION BY U.S. CUSTOMS AND BOR-
DER PROTECTION.—U.S. Customs and Border Pro-
tection shall— 
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‘‘(A) verify the information with respect to 
the United States value of merchandise sub-
mitted by an importer under paragraph (1); 
and 
‘‘(B) submit to the United States Inter-
national Trade Commission— 
‘‘(i) a determination of whether or not 
the value submitted by the importer is ac-
curate; and 
‘‘(ii) if that value is not accurate, a 
revised value for the merchandise. 
‘‘(c) UNITED STATES VALUE DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘United States value’, with respect to im-
ported merchandise, means the price at which the im-
ported merchandise or similar imported merchandise is 
freely offered for sale, packed ready for delivery, in the 
principal market of the United States to all purchasers, 
at the time of importation of the imported merchandise.’’. 
SEC. 203. ARTICLES SPECIFIED. 
The articles specified in this section are articles 
that— 
(1) on the day before the date of the enactment 
of this Act, are— 
(A) identified on the Department of Com-
merce’s Draft List of Critical Supply Chains 
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pursuant to Executive Order 14017 (February 
24, 2021); 
(B) subject to an investigation under sec-
tion 301 of the Trade Act of 1971 (19 U.S.C. 
2411); or 
(C) subject to an investigation under sec-
tion 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 
(19 U.S.C. 1862); or 
(2) subject to the discretion of the Secretary of 
Commerce, are dual-use items (as such terms are 
defined in section 1742 of the Export Control Re-
form Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801)). 
SEC. 204. REVIEW BY COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVEST-
MENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF GREEN-
FIELD AND BROWNFIELD INVESTMENTS BY 
FOREIGN COUNTRIES OF CONCERN. 
(a) INCLUSION IN DEFINITION OF COVERED TRANS-
ACTION.—Section 721(a)(4) of the Defense Production 
Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A)— 
(A) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 
inserting a semicolon; 
(B) in clause (ii), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(iii) any transaction described in 
subparagraph (B)(vi) proposed or pending 
on or after the date of the enactment of 
this clause.’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(vi) Subject to subparagraphs (C) 
and (E), an investment by a foreign person 
that— 
‘‘(I) involves— 
‘‘(aa) 
the 
completed 
or 
planned purchase or lease by, or 
a concession to, the foreign per-
son of private or public real es-
tate in the United States; and 
‘‘(bb) the establishment of a 
United States business to operate 
a factory or other facility on that 
real estate; and 
‘‘(II) could result in control, in-
cluding through formal or informal 
arrangements to act in concert, of 
that United States business by— 
‘‘(aa) the government of a 
foreign country of concern (as 
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defined in section 10612(a) of 
the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 19221(a))); 
‘‘(bb) a person owned or 
controlled by, or acting on behalf 
of, such a government; 
‘‘(cc) an entity in which 
such a government has, directly 
or indirectly, including through 
formal or informal arrangements 
to act in concert, a 5 percent or 
greater interest; 
‘‘(dd) an entity in which 
such a government has, directly 
or indirectly, the right or power 
to appoint, or approve the ap-
pointment of, any members of 
the board of directors, board of 
supervisors, or an equivalent gov-
erning body (including external 
directors and other individuals 
who perform the duties usually 
associated with such titles) or of-
ficers (including the president, 
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senior vice president, executive 
vice president, and other individ-
uals who perform duties normally 
associated with such titles) of 
any other entity that held, di-
rectly or indirectly, including 
through formal or informal ar-
rangements to act in concert, a 5 
percent or greater interest in the 
entity in the preceding 3 years; 
or 
‘‘(ee) an entity in which any 
members or officers described in 
item (dd) of any other entity 
holding, directly or indirectly, in-
cluding through formal or infor-
mal arrangements to act in con-
cert, a 5 percent or greater inter-
est in the entity are officials of 
such a government in the pre-
ceding 3 years.’’; 
(3) in subparagraph (C)(i), in the matter pre-
ceding subclause (I), by striking ‘‘subparagraph 
(B)(ii)’’ and inserting ‘‘clause (ii) or (vi) of subpara-
graph (B)’’; and 
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