A3000 Right now there are 43 so-called E areas, cities, and towns having such substantial labor surpluses that unemployment is run~ ning over 12 percent. Of the 100 major la- bor markets whose pulse the Government takes regularly, half were classified this Jan- uary 1 as having substantial labor surplus with unemployment rates high above the national average of 7 percent. By compari- son, January 1949 showed only 19 such areas, and in November 1948, when the downturn first started the number was only 9. Of the 50 areas having substantial labor surpluses, 19 are located in the New England and Middle Atlantic States, 11 in the North Central States, 11 in the South Atlantic and South Central States, and 9 in the West. So, considerably over half of the areas suffering substantial unemployment are elsewhere than in the coal and textile regions. Looking at the ratios between the insured unemployed to covered employment, we get a good measure of actual job losses. The latest available data are for the week ending February 11, 1950, during which Pennsyl- vania, Connecticut, and Massachusetts ranged from 6.1 to 6.3 percent against the national average of 7.1 percent. Outside of New England, however, 23 States had jobless ratios exceeding that of the States just men~ tioned. Half of this number had unemploy- ment ratios ranging from 9.5 percent for Ten- nessee to 19.6 percent in Oregon. A declining bituminous coal industry or the migration of textile plants from New England to the South create local employ- ment problems. But they are not sufficiently significant in the national sense to character- ize what is happening in the United States. Still confining our figures to the ratios be- tween the insured unemployed and covered jobs, the following comparison of national averages for 3 years shows an unmistakable deteriorating trend in employment. Week ending Oct. 9, 1948_--._.-_-_--. Week ending Feb, 12, 1949... Week ending Feb. 11, 1950....-.-... 1 The last figure for February 1950, must be interpreted in the light of approximately 1,- 300,000 job claimants who had exhausted their job benefits by December 1949, and though they may still remain unemployed do not appear on the rolls. With the start of new benefit years in April, May, June, and July, it is likely that the ratio will rise further. Some writers have tried to describe the current concern with unemployment as a bogeyman, because they point out that youth coming into the market for the first time is being absorbed faster now than, say, a year ago. The ratio of unemployed youth 24 years old and younger to total unemploy- ment has dropped from 40 percent in Febru- ary 1948, to 33 percent in February 1949, Point well taken and point fully proved, But is it? In February 1948, there were 2,639,000 un- employed. Of this number, 1,020,000, or about 40 percent, were 24 years old or younger. But such young people in the Jabor force totaled 11,860,000. So, 9 percent of this youth group were unemployed. Now take a look at the figures for February 1950, a year later. By that time unemploy- ment had almost doubled, rising to 4,484,000, But while the number of youth unemployed had risen above the previous year to 1,550,- 000, their ratio did decline relative to total unemployment. However, the actual num- ber of young workers in the labor force in February 1950 had fallen off by 140,000 while thelr rate of unemployment had risen to 14 percent contrasted with 9 percent a year earlier. It is true that percentagewise all other age groups have shown greater relative increases in unemployment rates since 1948. But this is so because as early as 1948 youth was al- ready experiencing great difficulty in getting jobs and had already reached high unem~ ployment rates. Older workers had remark- edly lower unemployment rates and hence had a lower statistical base from which to climb. How badly affected young people are by the current inadequacy of new job opportu- nities is shown in the first quarter of 1950 where males aged 14-19 are 16 percent un- employed, those 20-24 years old suffer over 12 percent unemployment, whereas in no other group in the labor force was unemployment as high as the national average of 7.2 per- cent. We conclude from all this that young people entering the labor market for the first time, or those with limited work experi- ence are hit first and hardest on the down- swing of the unemployment cycle. They are the most prominent element in the currently unemployed, although older, experienced workers have also experienced a sharp in-~ crease in joblessness. Some people viewing the figures on dura- tion of unemployment come to the too super- ficial conclusion that jobs Keep opening up at a rapid rate and take workers off the unemployment line before they suffer severe- ly. The facts that tend to support this view are: Currently about a third of those unem- ployed have been jobless for a month or less, while two-thirds have been unemployed for 10 weeks or less. But take a look at these facts, too: In October 1948 the number unemployed for 3 months or more total approximately 400,000. Since then there has been an un- spectacular but steady month-to-month ac- cession of long-time hard-core unemployed. In March 1950 the number unemployed for 8 months or more had risen to 1,800,000, more than 4 times the number 17 months earlier. In March 1949 17 percent of the unemployed had been out of work 15 weeks or more; a year later the percentage was 28. Here is hard-core unemployment manifest- ing itself both as a trend over the last 2 years, and in sufficient numbers to present a problem of national concern which cannot be shrugged off. This becomes even more significant when one examines the most important employ- ment sector of the economy, manufacturing. Here is the largest absolute user of workers, where the largest amount of wage income available for purchases is disbursed, and the sector which is most sensitive to changes in demand for capital and consumer goods. October 1948 represented the postwar peak in manufacturing employment, a total of 12.7 millions being at work then. By July 1949 (after seasonal allowances), production- worker employment had fallen by 1.3 mil- lions, or almost 11 percent. Between July and September of that year a brief moderate upturn raised the total by 200,000, or less than 2 percent. Since then production- worker employment has remained relatively unchanged, There is no evidence of expanding job op- portunities, either in durable~ or nondurable- goods manufacture. There is evidence that employers in durable-goods industries ap- parently prefer to increase hours of work rather than employment when confronted with a pressure for increased output. What characterizes today’s employment situation in manufacturing is a severe con- traction. in jobs, followed by a relatively ex- tended period of stability—that is of stagna- tion. For only an expanding employed labor force in the production sector of the economy _ its the needs for over-all economic growth required by an increasing population, Coupled with a marked rise in worker pro- ductivity, there is in prospect further reduc- tions in employment unless there is an ac- companying rise in effective demand, some- thing which is not now in sight. In testimony offered before the Joint Com~ mittee on the Economic Report, in January 1949, we were constrained to observe that the’ APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD dynamic expansion of the private sector of our economy apparently ceased aS early as 1947. Since then, it has been primarily Gov- ernment policy such as foreign aid, rearma- ment, housing subsidies, etc., which have supported the level of total expenditures upon which our employment has been sus- tained. Even with this unprecedented vol- ume of supporting Government expenditures, there has developed a growing hard core of distressed unemployed workers not restricted to any geographic area, and a substantial growing body of young people for whom job prospects remain dim short of a greatly changed economic future not now discern- ible. WasHINGTON. [From the Washington Post of April 23, 1950] Ng Room ror THEM An article by Dewey Anderson, executive director of the Public Affairs Institute, ap- pearing last Friday in the Washington Post provides convincing statistical proof that this country is confronted by serious unem- ployment. This unemployment is not con- fined to New England and the Middle Atlan- tic States, nor to a few distressed industries. It is Nation-wide, and is due chiefly to the fact that new jobs are not being created fast enough to take care of a rapidly expanding labor force. Young people entering the labor market for the first time have been especially hard- hit; in the first quarter of this year, for example, 16 percent of male job seekers be- tween the ages of 14 and 19 were unem~ ployed as compared with a national average of slightly more than 7 percent. Further- more, last March 1,800,000 people had been unemployed for 8 months or longer—more than four times the comparable number re- ported for October 1948. Here, Mr. Ander- son notes, “is hard-core unemployment manifesting itself both as a trend over the last 2 years, and in sufficient numbers to present a problem of national concern which cannot be shrugged off.” The employment situation in manufactur-~ ing is especially disturbing, for a decline in numbers employed has been followed by com- parative stabilization. Since the per capita productive output of workers employed by manufacturing industries has been rising, a further reduction in employment in this sec- tor of the economy is in prospect in the absence of an offsetting expansion of indus- trial activity. Mr. Anderson explains that the present un- employment is due to “inability to expand our private purchasing power fast enough to take off the market all that our advanc- ing technology produces.” But this expla- nation does not answer the question at issue: How to increase the effective demand for gocds. Can it be done by systematic doses of inflation that, by raising prices, would encourage industry to produce more, employ more workers.and put more money in the hands of consumers? Or is it possible to increase productive output and provide more jobs without resort to inflationary expedi- ents? This newspaper has suggested that the remedy for unemployment lies in creating new industries and lowering production costs so that existing industries can expand their markets and provide more jobs. But we confess that this advice is easy to give but not always easy or possible to follow. A statistician can sit down and figure out on paper how much this country is capable of producing and how much it must produce in order to insure maximum employment. For instance the President’s Council of Eco-~ nomic Advisers estimates that to insure rea~ sonably full employment by 1954 it would be necessary to raise output from the level of $258,000,000,000 (the 1949 figure) to $800,- 000,000,000 or more. Again, how ig it to
APPINDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECOR: be done? Can private industry be depended on to make wise decisions, cr even to re- spond to urgings to expand rrocuction fa- cilities? Is there any wey cf determining how much money needs to be spent on in- vestment in production facilities? Do we Enow whether too much or too little pur- chasing power is going to investors or to consumers? Is there any cssurence that an increase in purchasing power will be used to buy more consumer gcods, or will sur- pluses of some commodities pile up—a con- dition that would result in reductions in the scale of operations and less employment? These are only a few of the many ques- tions raised by the specter of chronic nnem-~ Ployment. We do not know the answers, but we hope that public discussion of this vitally important subject will provide needed enlightenment. Dedication of Restored McLean House at Appomattox, Va. EXTENSION OF REMARKS fo) HON. TOM B. FUGATE OF VIRGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, April 25, 1950 Mr. FUGATE. Mr. Speaker, on April 16 in Appomattox more than 20,000 peo- ple gathered to dedicate the restored McLean House. As you know, the Mc- Lean House was where Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865. The occasion was most colorful with all State officials present, including the Gov- ernor, Lieutenant Governor, attorney general, and members of the State senate and house of delegates. Dr. Douglas S. Freman, the greatest historian living on Lee and the South, covering the period of the War Between the States, delivered the main address. United States Senator VirGIL CHAPMAN was present and spoke briefly. Robert E. Lee 4th and Ulysses S. Grant 3d were present. Our colleague, WaTKINS M. ABsBsITT, Congress of the Fourth District of Vir- ginia, was presiding officer. Under unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the Appendix of the REc- orp, I include the most fitting remarks of Congressman ABBITT on this occasion: One week ago today, Sunday, April 9, was” the eighty-fifth anniversary of one of the most significant and far-reaching events in the history of our great country. There is no date of more importance to us since the adoption of the Federal Constitution than April 9, 1865. On that Palm Sunday, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, commanding the Federal troops, and Gen. Robert Edward Lee, at the head of the army of northern Virginia, met here in this country village where we are today assembled. For a number of years prior to actual hos- tilities our county had becor-e sharply divided in political philosophy as well as national outlook. Different problems con- fronted the two main sections of our coun- try. The economic stability was d°Terent in the North from that of the South. Bitter feelings were aroused. Animosity was Kindled, hard words were uttered, wntil finally war was almost inevitable between the two sections of our country. This developed gradually into a shooting ’ War invelving principies and ideals of gov- ernment with neither side willing or able to give in chert of war. In a general way we are all familiar with subsequent events relating to the War Be- tween the States. Both sides felt strongiy that they were fighting for principles that could not be sacrificed, for ideals that were just and right. The patrictism, loyalty, and bravery of these armies have never been surpassed. The war raged over a wide area and for four long years. Each side had their ups and downs. Fora while hish hopes cf victory were beating in the breasts of the people of each side. Finally the tide began to turn and the southern cause appeared to be hope- less. Then followed that fateful Sunday, April 9, 1265. General Grant in dictating the peace terms demonstrated his love for his country, his honesty of purpose, and his sincere belief in the future of this great Nation. General Lee in accepting the peace terms and in his farewell address to his men demonstrated his farsightedness, his wisdom, and his cour- age, as well as his belief in the future of our country and the position of the South in years to come. The peace that was made between Generals Grant and Lee at Appomattox has been a lasting one. It has stood the test of time, as witness our presence here today to dedicate as one of our national] shrines this historical peace house, which stands as 2 menument to a lasting peace between the two warring sections of our great country. It represents the reuniting of a war-torn Nation; the welding together of a mighty people; the healing of a wide breach; and stands as an emblem of peace between our people as well as in memory of those great warriors who fought, bled, and died for prin- ciples they believed in and were willing to sacrifice their all in defense of them. It is true that after the peace terms were signed a number of the people thought that @ great cause had been lost, that a bitter de- feat had been suffered, but I say to you today that as a result of that conflict and the peace that we commemorate here today, our Nation has developed into an even finer, greater, and better one than ever before. We realize that there are some things dearer than life itself, that where there is a struggle not everyone can win, but that where principles are involved man must follow his conscience and his heart. On behalf of the people of Appomattox County particularly and the Commonwealth of Virginia in general I extend to you, and each of you who are here as well as those within the sound of our voices, a hearty and cordial welcome. We are proud of the privi- lege and opportunity of having you as our guests. We desire to extend to you every courtesy and consideration possible. We want you to feel at home, and if there is anything that you desire to know or need, please feel free to call on any of us to assist you at any time. Address by the Ambassador of Ireland to the Fordham University Club of Washington EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. BRIEN McMAHON OF CONNECTICUT IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, I ask ' unanimous consent to have printed in Az the App2ndix of the Recorp an add by the Ambassador from Ireland, E John J. Hearne, to the Fordham Uni sity Club of Washington at the M ficwer Hotel last evening. This is Ambassador’s first address in the Uni States, and, as all Senators know, hi the first Ambassador from Ireland the United States. The address is } worth reading. There being no objection, the addr wes crdered to be printed in the Recs as follows: I was greatly honored by the invitat of your president to address you on this easion. It was the first invitation I ceived, after my appointment was announc to address an American audience, and it g: me a particular personal pleasure to ace it. A few days ago I was most graciou received by the President of the United Sta when I presented my letter of credence. coming to you this evening, I feel that I; reentering your capital through port longer, although not more familiar to 1 than those through which I so recently ¢ tered. Ishall always remember that my fi public address in Washington was made the members of the Fordham Club.and sh always recall with happiness and gratitu the welcome you gave me in these first da as an earnest of the good wishes of your f< famed university for the success of the m: sion of the first Ambassador of Ireland to t United States. A man’s life, Mr. President, however car fully planned for its chosen tasks is, neve theless, providentially designed, and, ther fore, sometimes, deviously led by unexpecti paths to its appointed labor. Thirty yea ago I started my professional career as lawyer with the laudable enough ambitic of becoming a leading counsel at the bar « Ireland. My legal career did not end in th: way. I did not become a leading couns in Ireland; I became, instead, a leading ca: in Canada. That is why I am here. Th Canadian people suffered me for 10 years c 80; the Canadian Government feel, I beliew that their suffering was of much longer dura tion. When they could stand me no longe they looked around for somewhere to sen me, and, as we had just declared a republi in Ireland, they put me quietly over th border into the Republic nearest to hand o this continent. As it was the Republic nea est of all to the heart of our own people th Government of Ireland endorsed my deportz tion and advised our President to accred me to President Truman. AsI say, a man life, however carefully planned, is sometime deviously led along unexpected paths to Hf appointed labor. Our toastmaster has told you somethin about me prior to my first adventure i North America. He gave you an account ¢ some mythical personage bearing no resem blance and certainly no relation to any liv ing person.’ Mr. President and gentlemer you will by now have realized the fact o the matter, namely, that Ireland carries he vast investment in international friendshi in the most fragile of vessels. I am greatly honored, Mr. President, ani very happy to have been afforded this oppor: tunity of addressing you in this informa way at this particular time on the subjec of Irish-American relations. The establish. ment of an Irish embassy in Washington anc of an American embassy in Dublin are event: of exceptional significance and importanc in the long story of the friendship betweer Ireland and the great American people. Wi all know that our relations do not depenc upon formal diplomatic intercourse, tha they are deeper and closer than any that cai be defined in terms of treaties or pacts, ant that they have survived and will outlive th: vicissitudes of our separate fortunes. Th long association of this great country witl
A3902 my own constitutes a unique historical phe- nomenon. And it is because I feel that, taken together, the character, the intimacy and the permanence of our friendship is so stupendous a reality in international life that I refer to it in this first address in the Capital of the United States for what it is, for what it has been to us both and for what it may become to the world at large. I have not come to tell you the story of cur pscple in their ceaseless pilgrimage across the globe. ‘You know the part they played on the continent of Europe in that prolonged and prophetic twilight between the actual downfall of the pagan and the virtual enthronement of the Christian west- ern world. You know how they stood spon- sors at the birth of that France around which all Europe grew up and grew old, a role which our people were destined—I like to think predestined—to fulfil, again and again, in other ages, and in parts of the world then unknown. ‘You recall how, later, here in this hemisphere, great Irishmen, deprived of liberty and justice at home, planned and labored with others to secure these priceless possessions, for those who came after, and did, in fact, secure them in the political sys- tems of the two great democracies of North America. Tonight, Mr. President, I seem to stand at the end of a long procession of men and women of Ireland who came to you through all the years not as emissaries but as emigrants and who here found a refuge, @ welcome, and a home. Was it any wonder that with a story beginning as one of com- passion so deep on your side and of indebted~ ness so great on ours, was it any wonder that * our people gratefully gave you of their best in the years that are gone: fathers of confederation, churchmen, administrators, statesmen, soldiers, judges, doctors, men of letters and of science, mining and railroad ‘ engineers, agriculturists, merchant princes, captains of industry, my voice gives out be- fore my memory fails—nation builders all. I could go on and on down the line of the long procession of Irishmen which passes even to this hour into American history. But let me turn from this too reminiscent reiro- spect to the promise which the character of our friendship holds for all mankind today. We have been passing through a period ‘ in which great changes have been taking place in many countries, including my own; @ period in which the relations between States have become more than normally complicated by epidemic economic crises, “and the whole field of foreign affairs pro- Toundly affected by the oscillations of a seis- ’ mic ideological upheaval. The experiences through which we have been passing have placed a great strain upon governments and parliaments in most countries, and have, in particular, imposed a heavy burden upon the shoulders of statesmen and other pub- lic servants responsible for the framing and execution of policy at home and abroad. Great, however, as the strain on individuals has been, the strain on the relations be- tween particular nations has been greater still, and the strain on the structure of in- ternational society as a whole—if it remains a whole—greatest of all. In former times, the great episodes or periods of historical ex- perience merged into each other by almost imperceptible differences, with but little discernible change, and no apparent rupture, from age to age. Today, by contrast, we are moving, not slowly and serenely through an easy transition, but swiftly and unsteadily through a rough and ruthless interregnum. We are all asking ourselves, or asking one another the question as to what will emerge at the end, whether, that is, we are at the beginning of a gradual transformation of hu- man society or on the verge of a sudden catastrophic collapse of our civilization. Mr. President, I am neither a historian, nor a philosopher, nor a statesman. One would need, I imagine, to be all of these to fully understand all that has been happen- ing in the world in the incredible times in which we have heen living, to sum it up, and to trace, through events and trends and tendencies, a pattern of things to come. Ordinary observers like myself, who have none of these qualifications, must approach the study of the international scene with whatever knowledge of history, or philoso- phy, or political science he has been able to pick up as he goes along, and to form his conclusions in the light of what he learns. It seems to me, sir, that throughout all the changes we have been witnessing, cer- tain long-standing phenomena persist which stand above and beyond them all, and which seem to possess inherently the char- acter of permanence and, at the same time, the coherence of universal validity. All our lifetime we have been looking on at great experiments—which have now ke- come an experience—in international coop- eration. There was the League of Nations: there is the United Nations. The minds of contemporary statesmen have been sponta- neously fertile of forms and methods, in general, of a technique of cooperation for world peace, and of designs for a frame- work of international order regulated by agreed constitutional organs. The relations between states were never so fully organized in a formal or technical sense as in our own time. And there has been a gradual delimi- tation of the field of interstate relation- ships not regulated by agreement. That is all to the good. We must, however, bear in mind that international relations cannot be defined as a technical science until we have arrived at some general agreement on a code of international law. I am contending, Mr. President, that the nations which are closest together are not bound by treaties or pacts or constitutional bonds or formal links of association. The Council of Europe was a natural and inevitable coming together of peoples separated by frontiers, differently constituted, but bound to each other by a - common philosophy of life spoken in divers tongues, largely similar legal systems, and a historic inheritance of literature, music, and art, classically woven upon a mighty re- ligious tradition into a continental civiliza- tion. Let me put it to you this way. What has mattered most to all polite peoples is the inner life of the nation and not the ex- ternal form of the state. And what is going to matter to us most today, I mean to countries generally, is their internal rather than their external, that is to say, their in- tellectual and moral rather than their in- stitutional relations with each other. It is in the light of that circumstance that the reality of Irish-American friendship is most clearly discerned and defined. To take the point a little further, if I am not venturing too far, let me add this. Ireland’s exclusion from the United Nations whatever its inten- tion has not effectively ostracised the his-~ toric Irish Nation from international so- clety, as witness the recent raising of the status of Irish envoys in North America to the highest diplomatic rank. I am keeping to my thesis, Mr. President, and arguing that international relations have ceased to be institutional and have become ideological. Let me come to it in another way. The historians have never been more industrious than in the past few years in the task of the interpretation of history and in the interpretation of the task of statesmanship. They submit three proposals for the solution of the problems by which we are confronted. They propose, first of all, the establishment of & world government. For myself, I am convinced that we cannot establish a world government in—to use a familiar American expression consecrated by two great Ameri- can Presidents—a world community half slave and half free, Secondly, the historians suggest that, in the economic field, a working - compromise should: be formed between ex- treme capitalism and extreme socialism. + countries. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Thirdly, they urge the reestablishment of the secular superstructure of society upon its original religious foundations. I, being a layman and not a historian, or a philoso- pher, or a statesman, would have begun with the third proposition. I would have done so for the following reason. The bond of the relationship which exists between Ireland and Europe, or Amer- ica, or Australasia and which survives the experience of the sometimes different in- terests of these widely separated regions of the world is the fact that the character of their peoples is formed upon a common pat- tern of life. They are united in a common intellectual tradition securely founded and forever transfigured in converging stories of classic ancestral glory. They are bound by ties of immemorial antiquity in the older, and of perpetual renewal in the younger countries of which I speak. Let us make no mistake about what that pattern of life has been. Let our universities make no mistake about it. Let them preserve the tradition of teaching young men and young women to distinguish fashion from good taste, money from wealth, interference from influence, notoriety from fame, pride from self-respect, speed from progress, respectability from worthiness, generally speaking the spurious from the genuine, and the temporal from the eternal. Let our statesmen make no mistake about it. Let them continue to keep the constitutional system square with the needs of civil society, that is, with man’s moral welfare as well as his material well- being, so that the State can never again be- come, as it has become in 80 many coun- tries, an instrument to undermine and de- stroy civil society. Let them see to it that in no nation now free will the State cense to be the minister and seek to become the master of a man’s spiritual or soctal destiny. Let them have in mind that in the history of polite nations there is a moment in which the philosophy of life of a people passes into their national law. That, in the case of my own. country, has, in circumstances of which _you are aware, been a delayed development, It has not been happening in all democratic Generally speaking democratic countries have stopped short at “the free- doms” as if they were the end, and not the heginning, of man's fullest development in civil society. Freedom of speech, freedom of association and assembly, and the others simply removed positive obstacles in the way of the full development of the human per- son in the civic or national or international communities to all of which he normally be- longs. The placing of “the freedoms” as cornerstones in the democratle structure based it upon sound foundations. But the building itself remains to be completed, if not indeed to be begun. Western civiliza- tion is built upon certain social realities which have held it together and given it form, unity, and design; I mean, for exam- ple, the family, the sublime sacrificial dedl- cation of marriage, parental and filial rights and obligations, private ownership of prop- erty in the context of these things, and in that of the integral human welfare of every citizen. These basic social realities still stand outside the framework of the national law: they have not become part of the or- ganic life of the state. What has been hap- pening is this: The freedoms guaranteed in modern dem- ocratic systems to protect the social nature of the citizen as a human person have been taking the place of the prerogatives they were intended to protect. Instead of the whole philosophy of western culture passing into our laws and the emergence of a Christian democracy we have had the com- plete secularization of society in the modern political, economic, or social state. Marxism, remember, is not an oriental or an eastern European but a western social doctrine, If our civilization is to survive we must put it back upon its original foundations. ‘Two
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD world wars have been fought in our lifetime to make the world safe for democracy. It does not need a third world war but 1t does need a mighty crusade to make democracy safe for the world. If, in that crusade our two peoples are associated in the years to come it will be a logical inference of our history and a fruitful consummation of our friendship, Displaced Persons EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ELMER THOMAS OF OKLAHOMA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. President, I have a letter from Mr. Sam M. Myers which portrays the reaction of some of the displaced persons here in the United States. I ask permission to have the letter printed in the Appendix of the REcORD. There being no objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: STILLWATER, OKLA., March 9, 1950. Re Petro Muyen and wife and children (Anna, Stefa, Olga). Hon. Eumer THOMAS, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. Dear SENATOR THOomas: Some time in De- cember 1949, the above-named family ar- rived in Stillwater. Since that time I have built them a house, chicken house, etc., on a farm which I own about 4 miles north of Stillwater, Okla. I am now building a barn on this place for the family. Petro has been helping with the building and has also planted some 50 or more fruit trees and shrubs around his house and on the farm. These I purchased for him. I have also purchased him a cow, 2 young heifers, @ sow and 7 pigs, 12 laying hens, some 50 other frying-size pullets, a buck and several doe rabbits. I have bought him stoves, fur- niture, groceries, utensils, lamps, and tools with which to farm and live’ I have paid for garden seed, potatoes, and grain which I expected him to plant so that he would be more or less self-supporting, but I learn he is dissatisfied and wants to leave the farm and go to New York. Now I do not object to his leaving me, for I am certainly getting the little end of the bargain. But I am told that these DP’s who have been allowed to come to America are not permitted to occupy jobs or housing which an American might want, nor are they allowed to become public charges. If these people go to New York there is no question but that their condition will be- come worse, for they do not have the men- tality nor the education to find any employ- ment except in the sweatshops, starve, or become objects of public charity. The Muyens came to me through the Ukrainian American Relief Committee, Inc., 54 DeLong Building, Thirteenth and Chest- nut, Philadelphia, Pa. I was not required to sign any guaranty or post any money which I know is ordinarily required by the United States Department of Immigration in the case of other aliens. However, shortly after the arrival of the Muyen family the UAR, Inc. sent me a statement for their trans- portation. from New York to Stillwater in the approximate sum of $208, which I paid by check, It seems that the entire DP program has been very loosely handled. Stringent laws to control this influx of foreigners are neces- sary, in my opinion, or our standard of liv- ing will be driven to an all-time low. From my experience with these people I favor laws which will “freeze” them in a particu- lar locality, preferably in the interior, in agriculture, perhaps—or in some field which is not in direct competition with organized labor. Thanking you for any consideration you deem advisable to give this letter, I am, Sincerely, Sam M. MYERs. Contemptuous “Officers of the Court” EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ALEXANDER WILEY OF WISCONSIN IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp a very fine editorial entitled “Contemptuous ‘Of- ficers of the Court’,” published in this afternoon’s edition of the Washington Evening Star. It purports to give the ideas of Solicitor General Perlman, who in a recent address spoke of the need for the lawyers of this country to purge their own ranks of those who by contemptuous conduct tend to breed disrespect for the courts. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Contrempruous “OFFICERS OF THE CouURT” Solicitor General Perlman touched on a subject of wide public interest when he called on the legal profession to purge its ranks of lawyers who, by their contemptuous con- duct, tend to breed disrespect for the courts. The average citizen, reading of the activi- ties of attorneys in some of the recent trials of Communist leaders and others, has been disturbed by the actions and words of a number of those “officers of the court.” At the New York trial of 11 Communist officials, for example, it appeared that a deliberate ef- fort was being made by defense attorneys to harass the judge, prolong the trial, and confuse the jury. The disgraceful antics of some of the lawyers and their clients have probably never been equaled in a Federal courtroom. Mr. Perlman undoubtedly had this case, among others, in mind when he told the Federal Bar Association: “‘We have witnessed trials of criminal cases in the Federal courts in which lawyers have been punished with fines and sentences to imprisonment because of the contemptuous manner in which they conducted themselves, and because of tactics employed by them in violation of the orderly and proper performance of their duties as lawyers and officers of the court.” The Solicitor General made the worth-while sug~ gestion that the Federal Bar Association make a@ study of pll such cases, with a view to initiating disbarment or suspension proceed- ings if such actions have not already been started by the proper bar groups. . And Mr. Perlman has made another good suggestion in the interest of maintaining the high prestige of the bar. He has asked the association to study also the question of dis- barring lawyers who decline to answer con~ gressional or grand jury questions on grounds A3003 of self-incrimination. That an attorney, like any citizen, has the constitutional right to take refuge in this technical maneuver is undeniable. But there is a grave doubt in the minds of many persons, including Mr. Perlman, as to the right of a citizen using this device to serve as an officer of the court. A lawyer, because of his important relation- ship to the machinery of justice, has heavier reasor~ibilitit as to his conduct, whether 23 Corinse. - Cr witness, than those of the average citizen. When he fails to live up to those responsibilities, he should expect to forfeit his rights as a respected member of the bar, Premotion of Tourism Can Supply Eurape With Dollars . EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT OF ARKANSAS IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Rrecorp a state- ment by me relative to the promotion of tourism in connection with supply- ing Europe with American dollars. I believe this statement will be very use- ful if studied by the ECA and if the ECA will take it to heart. I also submit the statement for the information of all Members of the Senate. There being no objection, the state- ment was ordered to be printed in the ReEcorpD, as follows: PROMOTION or Tourtsm Can SuPPLY EUROPE With DOLLARS In the long run, the soundest basis for world peace is international understanding based upon good will between all people. Communism breeds on fear, suspicion, and misunderstanding, much of which would never arise if there were a wider understand<- ing between those peoples in the western world who live by a code of decency and whose faith is based upon the dignity of in- dividual men. The nations of the western world are aware of this problem. Every day both jointly through UNESCO and individually they are taking measures in an effort to solve it. The State Department of the United States is very active in this fleld for many reasons— chief among them being the fact that our country has the most to lose from the dis- astrous conditions misunderstanding inevit- ably precedes. . In an effort to show the nations of Europe the ideals by which we live, we have done and are doing many things. The United States has encouraged and has given strong support to UNESCO. We have established the foundation for the largest exchange-of- students program ever undertaken in thé world. Businessmen and diplomats, for example, are explaining the areas of this country they best understand to their coun- terparts overseas. In return, we have had many guests of the same nature. In every way, we seek to encourage the exchange of persons and information with other coun- tries. A further measure, and one which is often overlooked, for breaking down the barriers of ignorant prejudice between ourselves and our allies is tourism. Necessity restricts
A3004 the flow of international tourists in one di~ rection right now. Ours is the principal country with citizens who have the time and means to cross an ocean. But this flow will serve because it will bring Americans and Europeans face to face. If millions of citizens of the United States would travel abroad, understanding between peoples of th. west would undoubtedly be greatly strengthened. In speaking in terms of millions of American travelers, you may think me more hopeful than accurate. But in this year of 1950 there is enough trans- portation available to carry more than a half~ million United States citizens to Europe and return. The amount of space is increasing rapidly and the rates for it are coming down. Clearly an opportunity exists for the kind of travel international understanding de- mands. From a standpoint of practical help to Europe, tourism has few equals. As our citi- zens go from country to country, they leave behind dollars which the world badly needs. In paying for rooms and meals, in buying foreign merchandise for their own use and as gifts, they help give other countries the means to partake in world trade. This lessens the need for recovery payments by this Government to others. The supply of dollars left in Europe, of course, will return to the United States through increased pur- chases of our exports. In an article in the New York Times maga- zine, April 23, 1950, Joseph A. Barry, Paris Bureau manager for the newspaper, has this to say: “Parliament refers fondly to the American tourist as Britain’s biggest dollar earner; he brings in more than the textile industry, more than the export of whisky and cotton combined. By the aggregate, the same tourist spends more than $500,000 a day in France alone during the season. Entertaining him gives Switzerland one-seventh of her income. Next to the olive tree and the tobacco plant, he comes first in Greece. Without any quali- fications, he is Ireland’s leading source of foreign exchange. And so on, up and down the transatlantic coast and into the Medi- terranean Basin.” These facts are, I believe, well known in the Senate. In drawing up the basic legis- lation on ECA, attention was paid to this specific topic. In authorizing the expendi- ture of billions of dollars for.Huropean re- covery, it was the intention of the Congress to see that ideas as well as goods were to cross the Atlantic. The promotion of tour- ismy was strongly urged not only in our committees but is written specifically into the act, To date there has been no lack of material things sent to our friends, in Europe under the Marshall plan. Shiploads of food, ma- chinery, tools, seeds, and rolling stock have made a mighty contribution to the rehabili- tation of an area left physically and morally ‘devastated at the end of the war. In a few short years, Europe has had an unequaled opportunity to learn about the things Amer- icans make. But full advantage has not been taken of an opportunity that is even more important—the opportunity to learn what Americans are. Much of this laxity must be blamed di- rectly upon the European nations. In enter- ing the Marshall plan, they had full knowl. edge of its main intent—to give them the time and materials necessary for a new start. After that it was up to them to help them- selves. Helping themselves economically cer- tainly implies the attraction of dollars to their market places. Yet, though the tourist industry last year earned more money than any other for Marshall-plan Europe, to date it has suffered the most because of Muropean neglect, At present we are sending help to 16 Euro- pean countries and it seems plain that every one of them could do’far more to help them- ‘Belves by ‘attracting ‘tourist dollars. What can these countries do to get the maximum benefit from the American traveler? This question was partially answered the other day by one of the ECA nations. The first topic considered in the new British Par- liament—after the political skirmishing was finished—was that of the American tourist. A member of the Conservative Party opened the debate by pointing out that Britain need- ed more medium priced hotels and more imagination by hotel management if it was to compete on equal terms with France and other countries for the tourist dollar. He went on to say, “Travel facilities are inade- quate and expensive.” The gentleman was seconded by a member of the Labor Party—this topic being one of the few on which the two main parties in English politics agree. The Labor member described his country as a way station on the high road to high times in Paris. He pointed out that hundreds of thousands of tourists’ dollars were being lost to that country. Mr. Horace Bottomley, British Secretary for Overseas Trade, answered the criticisms by saying that the British Government real- izes the importance of tourist business. “We are aware of the need to attract the right kind of tourists,” said Mr. Bottomley. “We want to get at the middle classes, who are now traveling more than before and if we can appeal to them in any connection we shall do so.” ‘ I, for one, am glad to see that men of responsibility overseas are becoming aware of this problem. The answer, of course, to the problem posed by the British Secretary for Overseas Trade is to give the American tourist what he wants. That, as the Con- servative member of Parliament points out, certainly includes medium-priced hotels with clean rooms, efficient service, and imagina- tive management. Such hotels are an asset to any country. They would serve its own citizens as well as attracting the American who now is discovering that it is an easy thing for him to go abroad for his vacation. Foreign countries should also, it seems to me, make it easy for tourists to get around; to see not only the outstanding points of interest but also the people in all parts of their land. American farmers, for example, probably have just as much interest in French farmers and their methods as they do in French cathedrals. The cross-pollina- tion resulting from such meetings will prove valuable to everyone in the world. Tourism is an industry. As far as earning dollars is concerned, it is the most important industry in Europe. No industry can oper- ate at maximum efficiency unless its plant is modern and in smooth running order. This truth holds for tourism just as much as it does for any other industry. It follows that for the sake of their own future, Marshall- plan countries would be wise to see that their tourist plan is up to date and designed to attract increasing numbers of American tourists. If the intention of the Congress was to help promote tourism as a dollar producer for Europe through the Marshall plan, it might be wise to see how successfully this has been accomplished. What has been done to carry out the purpose of section 117 (b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948 which spe- cifically says that the Administrator shall promote and develop travel by citizens of the United States to and within partici- pating countries? ._ Many billions of dollars have passed through the hands of the ECA Administra- tors. So far as I have been able to discover, not one dollar of direct funds has been spent for the promotion of tourism. I have found that in November 1948 about $14,000,~ 000 in counterpart funds was released at the request of Italy for this purpose. No other outlay of counterpart funds for tourism has come to my notice. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of the $9,000,000,000 that have been ap- propriated to the Marshall plan so far, the expenditure for tourism represents less than two-tenths of 1 percent. It is of interest to contrast this with another figure: In 1949, American travelers to Marshall-plan Europe spent $164,000,000. This amount represents 32 percent of all dollars earned by the area last year. Until the ECA has demonstrated that it really is interested in building up the one industry that shows tremendous possibilities in returning some of the American taxpayers’ investment in European recovery, the Con- gress must assume that its purpose has been disregarded. While to promote tourism Congress has removed the 15-percent tax on. overseas transportation, and raised to $500 the amount of duty-free goods a 12-day trav- eler can bring back, its vaster scheme is being nullified. Both ECA and the countries par- ticipating in the recovery program can pro- mote tourism principally through the im- provement of facilities for the service and comfort of visitors. Counterpart funds should be used liberally in the development of the tourist industry—Europe’s best dollar generator, Address of Roscoe Drummond EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. BROOKS HAYS OF ARKANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I in- clude the following excellent address of Roscoe Drummond at the recent con- ference of the American Society of News~ paper Editors in Washington, D. C.: .°! I am grateful for this opportunity to pre- sent to the American Society of Newspaper Editors this on-the-spot report of sume phases of fighting the cold war. I do not know whether I have been invited as a for- mer editor or as a present bureaucrat, but I know which I would prefer. From my van- tage point it is evident that there is no group in the world more determined and more eager to get at the facts and to look at the facts than the American press. The need was never so great as lt is today to take a full and a fresh and a fearless look at the struggle that is golng on in the world today and to determine, on the basis of the facts, the size of the effort which the United States will have to make in order towln, It is my deep conviction that if we do not win it we face a return to the Dark Ages. For the past 9 months I have had a small share in flighting the cold war on the Euro- pean front, and the central findings which I wish to lay before you today are these: 1. We are only just beginning to grasp the fateful nature of this struggle; we have not yet measured its magnitude or the size of the effort necessary to win it, 2, While the Communists may not want war, they do not want peace, and we of the democracies are letting them get away with murder by allowing them to succeed in pre- empting the cause of peace everywhere in the world. The Communists are not acting for peace in any capital, in any country, in any continent. The Communists are at war to- day inside every free country in which they have any sizable group; they are making war by attacking the peaceful processes of every parliament in every free country in which they have a political toehold, . 8. Despite significant set-backs in Europe, the Communists have made perilous headway ,
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in Asia; they show no signs whatsoever of giving up anywhere else in the world: they will not abandon their tactics until the free world demonstrates an impregnable unity and strength. We in the United States will not ke acting to secure the safety of the Nation until we clearly calculate that there is no short cut to peace with aggressive com- munism, that winning a cold war, like win- ning a hot war, has its own priorities in ex- penditure and in sacrifice. 4. Finally, the free nations of the North Atlantic community must strengthen our po- litical, our economic, and our military alli- ance of peace, and I think we have the light to look to the meeting of the North Atlantic Foreign Ministers in London next month as the cccasion to do this. While I have been in Paris I have received letters from a few in America who have sug- gested that all this talk about communism in Europe is a kind of boogeyman dreamed up by Government officials to scare the coun- try into needless expenditure. I doubt if there are any here this noon who share that view and I will not offer arguments in answer. But for those who would like a thumbnail il- lustration of the size of the Communist gall- stone which the French people have in their midst, let me cite these facts: There are 166 Communist and 15 Com- munist-affiliated deputies in the 621-mem- ber French National Assembly. In the only national election held in France since the end of the war, the Communist candidates polled 28.6 percent of the total popular vote. Under similar circumstances in the United States the following conditions would pre- vail: There would be 23 Communist Senators in the United States Senate; there would be 124 Communist Congressmen in the House of Representatives. There would have been 13,- 980,732 Communist votes cast in the 1948 Presidential election. Political, economic, and social conditions in France are improved over what they were when the Communists emerged as the strong- est single party in the country and in Parlia- ment. But if you translated into American terms the present visible strength of com- munism in France—if you conceive of the conditions just described as existing in the United States—then you have the evidence on which to appraise whether French com- munism is an exaggerated bogy or a sombre menace. When a few weeks ago the French National Assembly was preparing to register its ma- jority verdict that Communist efforts to pre- vent the unloading of American military aid at French ports were acts of sabotage and therefore unlawful, the Communist deputies arose en masse, ripped off the tops of their wooden desks, started a bloody battle with their fellow members, stormed the speaker’s rostrum and tried by violence to halt the parliamentary processes of their Government. And this was not surprising. It is Soviet communism’s planned strategy of war to break down the institutions of free govern- » ments. I quote to you verbatim from the Constitution and Rules of the International Communist Party. Each Communist representative must re- member that he is not a legislator bound to seek agreement but an agitator detailed into the enemies camp to carry out party orders. “Communism repudiates the possibility of winning over of parliaments. Its aim is to destroy parliaments.” The Kremlin is not deserting its purposes. It melifluously talks peace to the unsuspect- ing and is making war on the free institu- tions and the free parliaments on which it can lay its deceptive hand. Two weeks ago in Paris the French Com- munists held their first full-dress party con- gress since 1947; an enormous banner across the hall bore these meaningful words: “The true internationalist is he who is prepared unreservedly, unhesitatingly, and uncondi- tionally to defend the U.S. 5S. R.” XCVI—App.——190 Along the spacious, busy Champs-Elysees the Communist Party exercised some of their shock troops and directed a few warm-up riots against Le Figaro because it didn’t like what this newspaper was printing. During these abortive assaults on the Figaro offices, and the subsequent raids on news vendors, young Communists were to be seen in the passages of the nearby Metro receiving their orders from tough, hard-faced leaders and setting out to apply their commando tactics. Nothing too violent at this point, of course, just a little practice. Greater violence and greater preparations for violence are taking place elsewhere. The preparations are in the Soviet zone of east- ern Germany and there the Soviets are using methods which the Nazis employed such a few years ago. There are marching youths, mammoth mass meetings, appeals to muli- tarism and the national front, violent abuse of opponents and frequent party purges. Despite their explicit pledge to outlaw Ger- man militarism, training a German army in the eastern zone in the guise of a police force. Deliverate violence, political strikes, pre- arranged riots—these are the essence of Rus- sia’s attack upon the parliamentary processes of the unconquered free nations. They make up the strategy of the kind of war calling itself peace, which the Soviet Union is now waging. It is evidence of our failures—the failures of we of the west to join in an ade~ quate imaginative information program, that, despite a record totally opposite to their words, Moscow continues to capture the headlines with peace offensives, peace ap- peals, and peace fronts. ‘You have heard it said that the Russians are not in a position to go to war. There is some truth in that, but I think we have only begun to see what a trivial, irrelevant, and deceptive truth it is. We are tempted to think that we have laid hold of quite a sig- nificant fact when we say that Russia may not want war. The real truth—and I venture to repeat it—is that while Russia is not likely to make war on any country, the Soviet Communists are today making war in every country they have not yet conquered. These facts measure something of the nature of the struggle which the Soviet Union imposes upon America and the free world and they indicate something of the size of the effort which will be needed to win. I believe that we can win. I believe that we are moving in the direction of winning. I believe that we are going to win. But I am convinced that it will take a total cold- war effort to do it and I believe that the American people will be ready and willing to sustain such a total cold-war effort—or in Mr. Acheson’s phrase, “total diplomacy”’— only as the nature of this struggle is truly and fully stated. There are no visible limits to the Soviet ambitions for world domina- tion. It is to achieve that domination that Moscow is today making war in every coun- try which it has not yet conquered. Unless the United States leads the free nations of the world in resisting this domination in defeating this attack—in winning this war calling itself peace—I do not believe that the America we know today can survive. That is the nature of the struggle which Russia has imposed upon us and it is only to the degree it is fully appreciated that America’s leader- ship will be adequate. That leadership, in association with our partners in western Europe, is already bring- ing results. There is much on the winning side of the ledger and some of it is this: The Marshall plan is successfully laying the foun- dation for recovery. In the wake of eco- . nomic progress, the democratic governments of western Europe are showing new virility and new vitality. Politically, communism is being forced on the defensive in western Europe. the Russians are today - A3005 You are aware I am sure that in every na- tional election in Europe since the Marshall plan took shape the Communists have lost voting support and they have lost parlia- mentary seats. They have lost in. western Germany, in Austria, in Belgium, in Britain. In Norway last fall the Communist Party representation in the Storting was obliterated. Before the voting there were 11 Communist members in the 150-member Norwegian Parliament. After the voting—the first since the Marshall plan—zero Communist Deputies in Parlia- ment. It is on the credit side that the recent British elections wiped out the two Commu- nists and the five fellow traveler members of the House of Commons. One hundred Com- munist candidates, the largest number in British political history, stood for election in February and the British electorate rejected every one of them. Every single Communist carididate ran third; every single Communist candidate was defeated by both Conservative and Liberal opponents. . It is on the credit side that the French Communist press~—there are 20 Communist daily and 97 Communist weekly papers in France alone—has lost 1,500,000 circulation in the past year. It is on the credit side that the Italian Communist Party admits the loss of 200,000 workers from its rolls in 12 months. It is on the credit side that both the French and Italian Governments are effec- tively standing up to the Communist threats and the Communist attempts to prevent the arrival of military aid and thereby to nul- lify some of the fruits of the North Atlantic Treaty. All this means that when the free people of western Europe are given the chance to work and improve their standard of living, the majorities are rejecting communism every time, and at every opportunity. No wonder the Cominform was brought into being for the avowed purpose of keeping the Marshall plan from being realized. No wonder the Cominform hates free elections. The Tito-Stalin feud which came to a head in part because the grass was being made to grow greener in western Europe is hurting communism on both sides of the iron curtain, The tonic of Tito’s independence is tend- ing to spread to neighboring Communist- dominated peoples, who would also like to be independent, and to Communist groups further west. The Kremlin does not like it the least little bit, The reason that the Kremlin is horrified is that a deep and in- calculable heresy is being developed within the Communist world. Moscow intends that communism everywhere should be run by * and for the Soviet Union. Tito found that out when he tried to be only a Yugoslav Communist. He learned that he could re- main in good standing with the Kremlin only by being a Soviet Communist in Yugoslavia. * The heresy which Tito is now flaunting to the Communist world is the horrendous idea: That there can and should be equality among the Communist Parties. ; That there can and should be independence among the Communist states. To the Kremlin dictate that “the true in- ’ ternationalist is he who is prepared un- reservedly, unhesitatingly, and wuncondi- tionally” to serve the interests of the U. S. S. R. above all else, Tito has delivered a daring and resounding “No.” Tito’s suc- cessful assertion that Communist Yugoslavia can be independent of Communist Russia is _ one of the most valuable threats to Soviet imperialism operating in the world today. To the extent that such doctrines are accepted by the Communist Parties outside Russia, the hopes of Soviet world domina- tion would be seriously blunted. To the . extent that the Communist Parties through- out the world refuse to be the obedient tools
A3006 of the Kremlin, as Tito is refusing to be, the power of Moscow to cause trouble around the world would be greatly reduced. With- out endorsing communism in any form, let vs help to sirengthen Tito’s independence and encourage the trouble he 1s causing. Although more effective information meas-~ ures need to be undertaken by the west I would not wish to leave the impression at all that we and our partners in western Europe are leaving the field to the Commu-~ nists. A valuable program is being carried out by the State Department and the Mar-~ shall plan information activities, with which I am associated, are not negligible. I report to you that the 2,000 daily news~ papers in the Marshall plan countries, hav- ing a circulation of 110,000,000 Europeans, are publishing a total of 4,000 Marshall plan news articles on the average every week. In the field of radio we are receiving coop- eration from all the participating govern- ments and at present Marshall plan “radio programs are going out over Europe’s net- works in all languages and are reaching, ac- cording to our best evidence, approximately 40,000,000 out of the potential 100,000,000 radio listeners. Weare producing radio pro- grams for schools, labor, and women’s groups, ‘We are producing farm programs and family programs. We are completing this spring a 12-month production program of 60 ERP documentary films. Marshall plan newsreel shots are now being regularly shown in the commercial theaters of Europe which have a weekly attendance of approximately 30,000,000 peo- le. 4 In the interests of trying to find out as nearly as possible the different states of mind in Europe about the Marshall plan, we have utilized the best professional means of measuring public opinion in the different countries. European public opinion polls have shown this result: That more than four out of five Europeans show themselves aware of the Marshall plan; that from a quarter to a third of them have a detailed understanding of how the program works and can actually explain the operation of the counterpart fund. They show that, whereas 28.6 percent of the French voted to support the Communist Party line in 1946, today only 16 percent of the French people are following the Communist line in opposi- tion to the Marshall plan. This is the part of the evidence which sug- gests that the free world does have the capac- ity and the ammunition to win this deadly struggle and successfully to counter this war- calling-itself-peace. It doesn’t mean that the fight is over. Far from it. It doesn’t mean that the Communists are giving in. They are not. It doesn’t mean that com- munism will not continue to be a grave men- ace until the free world has achieved such a unity and such a strength that it is secure against the conditions on which commu- nism feeds. The greatest danger of all prevails in Ger- many today. While the western allies are acting to give western Germany freedom and independence, Moscow is acting to fasten the Soviet police state upon the eastern zone. Germany is the major psychological battle- field on which this deadly struggle between the slave world and the free will be deter- mined. Until that decision is clear—and it is far from clear today—and until Germany becomes a cooperating, not a domineering, partner in the community of western Europe, the outcome of this struggle will remain in serious doubt. There is no easy panacea, there is no single policy, there is no one action which will be equal to winning this cold-war struggle. It is not enough to say “throw out the spies and all will be well.” It is not enough to say “hold Berlin and all will be well.” It is not enough to say “complete the Mar- shall plan and all will be well.” Only the sum total of resolute actions will win this struggle. Remember that we are meeting with war in every country which aggressive communism has not yet con- quered. It will take a total and sustained cold-war effort on our part to win. We must be ready, I believe, to put a priority upon our willingness to sacrifice for a total cold-war effort. There must be steadfastness and staying power in our decision. . Speaking as an individual, I would like to invite the American Society of Newspaper Editors to consider the merits of two pro- posals which I offer as additional and I be- lieve, urgent measures for strengthening the weapons in the hands of the free world 1. Isuggest that we have reached the point when the Atlantic community needs and must lay its hands upon greater political unity and strength. To that end, may not the time "%e a-vrerza*: for creating a North Atlantic + * " ¢ u wl which, free of the veto, can discharge in the Atlantic commu- nity the responsibilities which the United Nations Security Council is prevented from discharging at Lake Success? Such a step is m line with the preamble and article II of the North Atlantic Treaty and would mean that the free nations, bound together in this alliance for peace, would be in continuous consultation and capable of taking constant action in the common welfare. 2. I suggest that we have already reached the point when it is urgently necessary to create and carry forward a common infor- mation program for the entire North Atlantic community. I would not mute but I would strenthen the Voice of America. I would not mute but I would strengthen the Voice of Europe, but beyond this, we need a united voice speaking on behalf of the free nations of the North Atlantic Pact. Such a step would be another tool in the hands of a North Atlantic political council and it could be brought into being by the negotiating of a North Atlantic information compact as an arm of the treaty itself. As never before, Communist propaganda and Communist deception are directed against all the nations of the West and I propose it would be helpful for all the na~ tions of the West 10 join to defeat this polit- ical warfare, It is my hope that you will find these pro- posals worthy of your examination and dis- cussion. I do not offer them in the expecta- tion that they will be adopted out of hand, but I do believe that either these measures— or something better~—are now needed. I submit them for your scrutiny and I am confident that discussion which you can precipitate will bring a sound answer. Along and hard struggle may be ahead of us. I think we can win it. I think we have got to win it. But I have to report to you that, in my judgment, we are not yet exert- ing a total cold-war effort equal to winning it. Fifticth Anniversary Edition of the An- derson (S. C.) Daily Mail EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. OLIN D. JOHNSTON OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the ReEcorD an editorial appearing in Dixie Business, commending my very good friend, the distinguished former United APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD States Senator Wilton E. Hall, publisher of the Anderson Independent and Daily Mail, on his recent anniversary edition of the Anderson Daily Mail. It is my opinion that this is a masterpiece in an- niversary editions, and I join with my good friend, Col. Hubert F. Lee, in his remarks about former Senator Hall on this edition. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the Rr-orp, as follows: Harr Our good friend and former “boss,” Sena tor Wilton E. Hall, publisher of the Anderson Independent and Daily Mail has brought out a fabulous 304 page special fiftieth anni- versary edition of the Anderson Daily Mail which, as a top “ortpr cm special edition expert. is a glory -3 - %.. In 1925, we went to Anderson to persuade Senator Hall to keep the United Press wire service and in turn Hall talked us into staying with him as advertising manager of the Anderson Inde- pendent. The year we went with Editor Hall was one of the finest we have known. Al- though we were tied up with the selection of the South’s 50 foremost business leaders, we are grateful for the invitation to help on the big special edition of the Anderson Dally Mail which friend Hall extended us. We still have the itch to get back into the spe- cial-edition field that kept us from starving during the depression days when Dixie Busi- ness was dragging financially. Maybe some of these days we will. It was Wilton Hall who interested us in starting the Lee Press Syndicate in 1926 and it was he who furnished us reprints for our weekly mailing to client newspapers over South Carolina. It was patterned along the lines of the highly success'ul G.ireath Press Syndicate which the late Frank C. Gilreath, Sr., founded 40 years ago and which is still carried on by his able son, Frank ©. Gilreath in Atlanta. We blow a silver trumpet for Hall and the Gilreaths for the helpfulness they have been to us in the years past. Facts and Record, Natural Gas Act Amendment EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. OREN HARRIS OF ARKANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, through the maze of propaganda, misinforma- tion and misstatement of facts, the rec- ord clearly shows that those who voted for the Kerr amendment to H. R. 1758, clarifying the Natural Gas Act of 1938, were right and consistent. When these facts are all brought to light, the consumers will see and under- stand the truth. They will appreciate the vote of those of the Congress who would not yield to pressure, propaganda, and “real” special interests, who obvi- ously will be profited by the action of the President in vetoing the bill, The consumers will ultimately find out, the vote for the amendment was in their best interest and an effort to give them cheaper fuel for their homes by bringing more and more natural gas to them and competing in the American way with
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD other fuels admittedly costing much more, The record reveals that the vote for the amendment was the right vote in that it was sustaining the right of Congress to make legislative decisions. When tne facts and the record are con-. sidered so consistently, I frankly can- ~ not see how the Supreme Court could hoid otherwise than with the plain lan- guage of the act. It is true that the Court has not specifically held on this point but the purported action of the Federal Power Commission in announc- ing its intentions contrary to the law and the administration for 12 years makes this proposal right and necessary. In order, Mr, Speaker, that the facts and the record may be considered to- gether and that everyone may know the background, history, intention of Con- gress, and necessity of the amendment, under unanimous consent I insert here~ with the provisions of section 1 (b) of the Natural Gas Act of 1938, exempting the production and gathering of natural gas, the history of the provision, clearly showing the intent of Congress, the first action of the Commission in 1940, 2 years after the enactment of the act, as to the intent of Congress; a restatement of the Commission through its staff as a result of its investigation in 1945, the action of the Commission, their recom- mendation and request in 1947, together with a letter from the chairman of the Commission urging the adoption of a bill at that time with the same identical purpsse as the Kerr amendment and with a categorical statement that it was fully in accord with the legislative program of the President; the Commis- sion’s order No. 189 of August 7, 1947, restating their position and the intent of Congress when the act was passed; the statement of Speaker RaysBurn, who was chairman of the committee when the original hearings in 1936 were started by the Committee on Interstate and For- eign Commerce, that resulted in the Nat- ural Gas Act of 1938; the statement of Mr. Priest, majority whip of the House, and a member of the Committee on In- terstate and Foreign Commerce, who in- troduced the same bill at the request of the Commission in the last Congress; the statement of Mr. Hatiecs, the majority leader of the House in the Fightieth Con- gress; a wire I transmitted to the Presi- dent, April 4, 1950; and a statement car- ried in the Washington Post on Satur- day, April 22, by Mr. Paul McBride, Ar- lington, Va. The matters referred to are as follows: PROVISION OF SECTION a3 () NaruraL Gas Act, The provisions of this act shall apply to the transportation of natural gas in inter- state commerce, to the sale in interstate commerce of natural gas for resale for ulti- mate public consumption for domestic, com- mercial, industrial, or any other use, and to natural gas companies engaged in such trarenortation or sale, but shall not apply toz:s oc ‘vansportation or sale of natural gas or to the local distribution of natural gas or to the facilities used for such distri- bution or to the production or gathering of natural gas. : : BacKGROUND AND History or Provision OF SECTION 1 (B) aS TO INTENT OF CONGRESS In 1936, when the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee of the House of Repre- sentatives was considering H. R. 11662, which was a predecessor to the bill which finally become the Natural Gas Act, Mr. Dozier A, DeVane, then solicitor for the Federal Power Commission, referring to section 1 (b) of that bill, which was identical with section 1 (b) later adopted in the Natural Gas Act, told the committee: “The bill makes no attempt to regulate the production or gathering facilities of a natural gas company, this function being purely local in character, nor is any attempt made to exercise control over distribution facilities.” At the same time, Chairman Lea of the committee asked this question: “Well, when the supply company is brought before the Commission in an action to regu- late its rates, and they say, ‘We have got to pay so much for gas; we cannot control that price which they charge us and we have to charge a higher price delivered to the buyer,’ does the Commission have any rower over that?” Mr. DeVane answered: “No; not the price that is paid to the gatherer, to the man that produces it; that is binding if the transaction is at arm’s length. If the transaction is not at arm’s length, of course, its reasonableness may be inquired into, under the decisions of the Supreme Court.” Repeatedly similar statements were made both in committee and in debate on the House and Senate floors that the act only regulated the wholesale price of gas, this being the price charged for gas by the inter- state carrier to the distributor. Nowhere is there any intimation in any proceeding be- fore either the House or the Senate that the intention of the bill was to regulate the price paid to the independent prceducer and gatherer dealing at arm’s length, but, on the contrary, this was expressly stated to be not subject to the act. In 1940, 2 years after its enactment, the Commission held in the Columbian Fuel Cor- poration case (83 P. U. R. (NS) 8) that “it was not the intent of Congress to subject to regulation under the Natural Gas Act all persons whose only sales of natural gas in interstate commerce, as in this case, are made as an incident to and immediately upon completion of such persons’ production and gathering of said natural gas.” REPORT OF COMMISSION Starr From 2-Yarar Srupy, 1945 No subject relating to the administration of the Natural Gas Act has received greater attention throughout the course of the natu- ral-gas investigation than the meaning and implications of section 1 (b), with reference to the exemption of the production and gath- ering of natural gas from jurisdiction un- der that section (p. 1 of their report). It is evident from the testimony, indicating a@ widespread atmosphere of anxiety and un- certainty among State officials and the in- daustries concerned, that this matter is in need of further clarification. A continuance of the existing disturbed situation is certain to interfere with the effective performance in the public interest of the duties of both the Federal and State regulatory agencies in their respective spheres, and it will also affect ad-~ versely the interests and actions of oil and gas producers, land and royalty owners, and the transmission companies which purchase gas in the field. It may be expected also that unless this issue is clarified the results will be detrimental to, those who consume natural gas and to the.efforts of conservation | authorities to prevent its waste (p.1). A3007 ComMMIssiIon Requests THis AMENDMENT The Chairman of the Commission on June 23, 1947, advised this committee that— “Under these circumstances, as we have stated previously, your committee may now wish to consider the adoption of an amend- ment to clarify this situation. Therefore we are submitting to you and your committee the attached legislative proposal, which is in accord with the Commission’s interpre- tation that the Congress intended indepen- dent producers and gatherers to have a non- Sricttoso-c™ status under section 1 (b) of TeoNe + ©6Cras Act, and is likewise in accord with previous rulings and determinations by the Commission regarding this matter.” Pursuant to the recommendation, our col- league on the committee, the Honorable J. Percy Prigst, of Tennessee, introduced H. R. 4099, which was prenosed on the floor of the House as a swvosti.uce lor the Rizley bill, but it did not prevail. On July 10, 1947, the Honorable Nelson Lee Smith, Chairman of the Federal Power Commission, in pursuance to the request of the then chairman of our committee, our esteemed friend and colleague, the Honorable CHARLES A. WOLVERTON, advised the commit- tee as follows: “My Dear Mr. Carman: This is in re- sponse to your request of July 9 for an early comment by the Commission regarding H. R. 4099, a bill introduced by Congressman Priest, of Tennessee. “The Federal Power Commission urges the enactment of this bill at this time to make it perfectly clear that independent producers and gatherers of natural gas are exempt from the provisions of the Natural Gas Act and the jurisdiction of this Coramission. “The enactment of this bill would dispel the uncertainty regarding the status of such independent producers and gatherers which has been created following the recent deci- sion of the Supreme Court in the Interstate case. Such action by the Congress now should dispose of this important and non- controversial matter. ““This procedure would enable the Con- gress to defer action on the many other as- pects of natural gas regulation involved in the complexities uncertainties, and am- kiguilles O. H.R 4051 (the Rizley bill), to which we referred in detail in our statement of July 1 to you and the members of your committee. As you knoy, all these problems are being carefully analyzed by the Commis- sion, 1n cooperation with all interested par- ties, in the natural gas investigation (dock- et No. G-580). A full report on this investi- gation will be submitted to the Congress for its consideration within the next few months. “IT am authorized to state that the position of the Commission in this matter is fully in accord with the legislative program of the President. “Respectfully yours, “FEDERAL PowER CoMMIsSION, “By Newtson Les SMITH, Chairman.” Ornrr 1389 BY COMMISSION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION Before Commissioners Nelson Lee Smith, Chairman; Claude L. Draper, Leland Olds, and Harrington Wimberly. Docket No. R-106 Avcust 7, 1947. In the matter of a rule to make the position of the Commission regarding the inde- pendent production or gathering of natural gas ORDER NO. 139 SUPPLEMENTING THE COMMIS- SION’S GENERAL RULES INCLUDING RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE—PART 03, SUBSTAN~ TIVE RULES, GENERAL POLICY, AND INTERPRE- TATIONS .For the reason stated below, it. seems ap- propriate and. desirable at this juncture for
A3808 the Commission to adopt and promulgate the rule contained herein, which is designed to relieve any existing uncertainty regarding the Commission’s position that it will not seek to assert jurisdiction over the sale of natural gas to interstate pipe lines by inde- pendent producers or gatherers. Following the release in March 1947 of the staff report in Docket No. G-580 on this sub- ject, entitled “Section 1 (b) of the Natural Gas Act with Reference to Production and Gathering,’ the Commission consistently therewith on May 27, 1947, issued a notice of proposed rule making in this matter. At that time, since there were prevalent many expressions of uncertainty as to the Com- mission’s interpretation of section 1 (b) of the act with reference to the status of inde~ pendent producers and gatherers of natural gas, and as to its intentions with respect thereto, it seemed evident that a formal ad- ministrative rule was necessary to affirm our pelief that it was the intent of Congress to exempt such independent producers and gatherers when it enacted the Natural Gas Act in 1938. During the first session of the Eightieth Congress which adjourned on July 27, 1947, various bills regarding this matter, as well as other important proposals for amending the Natural Gas Act, were introduced and considered by the Congress. At the hearings on these bills before the Senate and House Committees on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce the Commission likewise stated its view that independent operators who pro- duce or gather natural gas and sell it at arm’s length to natural-gas companies sub- sequently transporting such natural gas in interstate commerce are exempt from the provisions of the Natural Gas Act. Reference also was made at these hearings to the pending case before the Supreme Court of the United States in Interstate Natural Gas Company, Inc., v. Federal Power Commission. The subsequent deci- sion of the Court on June 16, 1947, addressed to the particular circumstances of that case which involved the operations of a natural- gas company subject to the act, immedi- ately became the basis for diverse interpre- tations and agitations by interested parties, as to its implications regarding the jurisdic- tional status under the act of independent producers and gatherers, In view of these circumstances, the Com- mission urged the immediate adoption of H. R. 4099, the specific and sole purpose of which was to make entirely clear the exemp- tion of the independent production and gathering of natural gas from the provisions of the Natural Gas Act. This proposed amendment, however, was not enacted dur- ing the closing days of the session of the Congress which has just ended. This brief review of developments in this matter has been presented so that there may be no basis for misunderstanding or continuing expressions of fear and uncer- tainty regarding this matter, which is non- controversial. The Commission gives its as- surance to independent producers and gath- erers of natural gas that they can sell at arm’s length and deliver such gas to inter- state pipe lines and can enter into con- tracts for such sale without apprehension that in so doing they may become subject to assertions of jurisdiction by the Commission under the Natural Gas Act. The rule herein has this specific purpose and is issued at this time because the Con- gress has not yet reaffirmed such exemption by amending the act. It is also our inten- tion, in keeping with the position heretofore taken, to continue to recommend to the Congress that it take appropriate clarifying legislative action regarding this matter. General public notice of the proposed rule in this matter has been given by publica-~ tion of notice in the Federal Register on June 5, 1947 (12 F. R. 3679), and by mailing copies of such notice to all interested per-~ sons including States and Federal regulatory agencies. . All of such persons have been afforded an opportunity to submit written statements or briefs setting forth their comments, views, and suggestions with respect to this pro- posed rule. Finding that such action is necessary and appropriate to clarify the meaning of section 1 (b) of the Natural Gas Act, the Commission pursuant to the authority contained in that act, particularly section 16 thereof (52 Stat. 821-833; 830; 15 U. S. C. 717-717w; 7170), hereby adopts and promulgates the following rule as a new section of Part 083—Substantive Rules, General Policy and Interpretations, of Subchapter A—General Rules, chapter I of title 18 of the Code of Federal Regulations, such new section to read as follows: “Src, 03.79. Jurisdictional Status of Inde- pendent Producers and Gatherers. The Fed- eral Power Commission is of the opinion that it was the intent of the Congress that the control of production or gathering of natural gas should remain a function of the States and that the Natural Gas Act should not pro- vide for regulation of those subjects. “For the purposes of administering the Natural Gas Act, the Commission will con- strue the exemption contained in section 1 (b), to the effect that the provisions of the act shall not apply to the production or gathering of natural gas, as including arm’s length sales of natural gas by independent producers and gatherers, made during the course or upon completion of production and gathering. The Commission, consistent with this construction, will not assert jurisdiction over such producers and gatherers who might be subject to jurisdiction solely because of such sales.” The interpretative rule hereby adopted shall become effective August 7, 1947. The Secretary of the Commission shall cause pub- lication of this order to be made in the Fed- eral Register, and further, shall serve copies thereof on all interested parties. By the Commission. Commissioner Draper dissenting. [sax] Lzon M. Fuquay, Secretary. Date of issuance: August 15, 1947. SPEAKER RAYBURN REQUESTS AMENDMENT Mr. Raysurn. Mr. Speaker, with my long record in this House of Representatives, starting way back, being a member of the subcommittee that wrote the Federal Power Commission Act, being a member of the sub- committee that wrote the Federal Trade Commission Act, and being the author of the Securities Act of 1933, of the Stock Ex- change Regulation Act of 1934, and of the Utilities Holding Company Act of 1935, I do not think I could be accused of having any great desire to serve the interests over the people. If I felt as my distinguished and beloved friend from Ohio [Mr. Crosszr] has indicated he feels, that the Federal Government should own and control all the natural resources of this country, then my position on this and much other legislation would certainly be changed, - We have been going along the other line for more than a century and a half, and our country has grown to be the greatest and the most prosperous country in the history of the world. The difference between this amendment and the bill we passed in the House is simply this, practically nothing more or nothing less: As a concession to some people who said they wanted to carry on this thing and not make this final, the Senate amendment in which we are seeking to concur today, in addition to the bill that passed the House, says, ‘“We are going to pass this legislation but we want to carry on the study to see whether or not passing this legislation we have done the proper thing.” APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD In being for this bill, as I was when it originally passed the House and as Iam now in favoring concurring in the Senate amend- ment, I have some pretty good company. The Federal Military Establishment was asked about this bill, and this is the guts of what they said, after all elements of the Depart-~ ment of Defense has studied it: “Enactment of the bill will remove un- certainties now existing as to the extent of the application of the Natural Gas Act and will clarify its terms. Its effect should be to encourage the development of oil and gas resources and thus would be of benefit to the national security.” That is what our whole Military Establish- ment says about this legislation. This bill simply says that the little fellow, who goes out and strikes some gas, is not going to be hauled up to Washington and tried before the Federal Power Commission, and that the independents in gathering, not in the transportation in interstate pipe lines or anything of the sort, shall not be placed under regulations that they would be in interstate commerce. In my opinion—and I state this to you deliberately; I would not deceive you; you know that—this wilt not raise the price of natural gas to any consumer in the United States one red penny. I think this thing should be gotten out of the way. We should concur in this Senate amendment and then have this study and see where we go from there, Mr. Priest SPEAKS FoR AMENDMENT AS NEEDED AND CONSISTENT Mr. Priest. Mr. Speaker, because several references have been made throughout the debate in this Chamber last year and in the other body to the Priest bill, references show- ing that the Priest bill of 1947 is rather largely the same as the bill now pending with the exception of the Senate amendment provid- ing for continuation of a study, I want to take a few minutes to point out one or two important considerations in connection with this bill. Reference was made by my colleague, the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. HrsEu- Ton], I believe it was, to the Rizley bill that was before the Eightieth Congress. The Riz- ley bill was before the Committee on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce for quite a while. Extensive hearings were held. I was not for that bill; I thought it went too far. At that time the Federal Power Commission came be~ fore the Committee on Interstate and For- eign Commerce. They came to my office and requested me to introduce a bill as a sub- stitute for the Moore-Rizley bill, That re- quest came also from the White House. In a letter to the then chairman of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- merce, the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. Wotverton], the Federal Trade Commis- sioner said this: “This is in response to your request of July 9 for an early comment by the Com- mission regarding H. R. 4099, a bill intro- duced by Congressman Priast, of Tennessee. “The Federal Power Commission urges the enactment of this bill at this time to make it perfectly clear that independent produc- ers and gatherers of natural gas are exempt from the provisions of the Natural Gas Act and the jurisdiction of this Commission. “The enactment of this bill would dispel the uncertainty regarding the status of such independent producers and gatherers which has been created following the recent deci- sion of the Supreme Court in the Interstate case. Such action by the Congress now should dispose of this important and non- controversial matter,” The last paragraph of the letter reads: “Iam authorized to state that the position of the Commission in this matter is fully in accord with the legislative program of the President.”
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Mr. Harris. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle- man. yield? Mr. Prizst. I yield to the gentleman from Arkansas. Mr. Harris. Is it not a fact that the bill that passed the House last August, H. R. 1758, and the amendment that was passed by the Senate and sent over here, which is before the House at this time, is exactly the same thing and has for its purpose the exemption of independent producers and gatherers of natural gas where the sales are at arm’s length? Mr. Prisst. Exactly, and that is the law as it has been in effect since 1938. This makes no change whatsoever. It says thata law which has been in effect for 12 years, during which time the retail price of natural gas has declined 12 percent, shall continue to operate on that same’ basis. Mr. Monroner. Mr. Speaker, gentleman yield? Mr. Priest. I yield to the gentleman from Oklahoma. Mr. Monroney. Is it not a fact that if a driller were drilling for oil and found gas, that he would inadvertently find himself in the public-utility business? Mr. Primst. Assuming that the Commission has the jurisdiction which some claim it does, but which the law does not give it, and which was made perfectly clear in all of the legislative history of the act. Mr. HALLECK UrcEs Its ADOPTION Mr. HaLLeck. Mr. Speaker, I trust that we can have a little light on this measure as well as heat. First, may I say that a bill similar to this, except the opponents of this bill say it went much further, was passed in the Hightieth Congress. It did not come to passage in the other body. This bill is almost identical with a bill in- troduced by the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Priest] in 1947 which was approved by the unanimous vote of the Federal Power Commission. It was approved by the Depart- ment of Defense. It was said by the Com- mission to be in line with the President’s program. In this Congress, the Eighty-first Congress, that bill was introduced by the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. Harris]. It was re- ported by the great Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce on which it was my privilege to serve some years ago. The bill was passed by the House of Representatives and went to the other body where an amend- ment has been put on, that again may I say quite respectfully from the standpoint of the opponents of the measure should make the bill better rather than worse. What is the situation that is now before us? Simply this: Shall we adopt the amend- ment that was agreed to in the other body and be done with this matter, or shall it go on to conference? I say that under the cir- cumstances certainly there is no reason that I can see why anyone who supported the bill before should not support it now. Now, what are the circumstances back of this legislation? In 1938 legislation for the regulation of the transportation of gas in interstate pipe lines was introduced and brought to passage. I was on the commit- tee at the time. I am making these brief remarks here because of the participation I had in that debate at that time. Here is what I said in connection with that legisla- tion: “In the past few years the interstate trans- portation of gas in large pipe lines at high pressure had been growing by leaps and bounds. Gas is brought from the producing areas in these pipe lines and sold at the city gates to the public utilities which distribute the gas to the consumers, It is obvious the distribution of the gas by the local distribut- ing company is subject to State regulation and the interests of the consumers are pro- e will the tected by State regulation. However, the transportation of gas in interstate commerce in the pipe lines and its sale to the distribut- ing companies for resale is not subject to State regulation, and as a result we have had @ situation under which the price charged the distributing company at the city gate has been fixed wholly by the judgment, discre- tion, or action of the interstate company. It is charged that in many cases that price is excessive. This bill seeks to regulate those prices.” That is the reason I supported the legisla- tion. Now, then, specifically the question is, Shall the Federal Power Commission extend its control to the production and gathering of gas? May I say at that point that if such control could be so extended, might it not as logically be said that the production and gathering of oil shall be controlled by the Commission as a public utility? Might it as well not be said that the production of coal in the mines shall be controlled by the Federal Power Commission as a matter of controlling a public utility? The bill that we passed in 1938 specifically exempted by its terms the production and gathering of gas, written in after careful consideration. A specific question was put to the great chairman of our committee, Mr. Lea, of Cali- fornia, who voluntarily retired from this body a@ year or so ago. He was asked specifically if it was designed to apply to the production and gathering of gas, and he said this: “The bill does not apply to the production and gathering of gas.” The Commission, may it be understood, has in the 12 years that this law has been on the books never asserted the right to control the production and the distribution of gas. Wo one ever thought they had any such power under the legislation. I do not think they have now, but as sometimes happens, there was a case in the Supreme Court a few years back, and there were certain words used in the opinion that were outside of the necessities of the decision that seemed to indicate the possibility that the Commission might have the power to invade this entirely local field, or such field as has heretofore been said by the Congress to be local, and assert the right to control the production and gath- ering of the gas. Tha% is the situation that gave rise to the introduction of legislation similar to this in the Eightieth Congress. It is the situation that has given rise to the introduction of this legislation in this Con- gress, yes, to the adoption of the legislation by the House and the adoption of the legisla~ tion with one amendment that I have already referred to by the Members of the other body. Now, then, I have beyond all of that, may I say, Mr. Speaker, a deep conviction, as I am sure all of you who have served with me know, that if, for instance, the right to regulate the production and gathering of gas at the source is to be invested in the Federal Power Commission, the Congress of the United States ought to make that decision. That power should be granted by the Con- gress of the United States. It is quite ob- vious it could not be obtained from any other source rightfully, and to attempt to. apply the statute in a way that I say strains the statute is, in my opinion, not the way that the affairs of Government should be admin- istered. The gas is produced and gathered at the source, even as oil is produced or coal is produced. Then a pipe-line company buys it at arm’s length from competing producers and puts it into the pipe lines. If it goes across State lines it is then in interstate commerce, Until we passed the act of 1938 there was no power anywhere to regulate the price to be charged for that gas moving in interstate commerce, so to fill that gap, and that gap only, the Congress enacted this legislation. Carried with that is the right in the Fed- eral Power Commission to control the price A3009 of gas at the city gate, to see to it that the city is not charged too much for the gas. Then the matter of fixing the rate to the consumer as he pays it to the distributing company becomes a matter of local regula- tion. That is all there is to this whole business. I say again, the Federal Power Commission never asserted this right. As a matter of fact, it specifically disclaimed it in 1947. The Court has not specifically held that it has the right. So I say again, it is simply a matter of clarification and a definite delineation of what was obviously the purpose and intent of the Congress of the United States. Copy or WIRE TO THE PRESIDENT BY Mr. Harris, CHAIRMAN, PETROLEUM SUBCOMMITTEE Aprin 4, 1950. I want to strongly urge your approval H. R. 1758, Kerr amendment, Natural Gas Act, passed by House and Senate. Speaker Ray- BurN, House Majority Leader McCormack, Majority Whip Percy Priest join in whole- hearted support this bill. As chairman House subcommittee, Interstate and For- eign Commerce Committee, I am thoroughly familiar with this proposal. Committee re- ported it in my name as chairman, slightly amending original bill I introduced January 24, to fully conform with the purposes and intent of the FPC proposal introduced by Congressman Prizst, 2 member of the com~ mittee 2 years ago and which was testified by the Commission to be in full accord with your, the President’s program. It passed House in August as reported by our com- mittee by a vote of 183 to 131. The Kerr bill as amended to conform to only the purposes and intent of the proposal passed the Senate. It was in different language but the same purpose only with an additional provision of a@ continuing study by the FPO on the sub- ject in the publicinterest. The House agreed to the bill as amended by the Kerr amend- ment last Friday by a vote of 176 for it with 26 Members voting for the bill as passed the House in August being absent and not voting Friday. This amendment, Mr. President, merely clarifies the intent of Congress when the original act was passed in 1938, to the effect that independent producers and gatherers of natural gas would be exempt from FPC regulations where sales by such producers and gatherers are at arm’s length, at or prior to inception of interstate transmission or trunk lines of interstate natural gas com- panies. It conforms to the FPC order 139 issued August 1947, on being necessary be- cause of confused interpretation Court de- cision in the Interstate case, June 1947. This amendment, Mr. President, does not change any procedure or authority exerted in the history of the Natural Gas Act. It does not change the stated intent of the act when passed in 1938. It merely clears up a confused and uncertain status by court in~ terpretation. Grave misrepresentations have been made to the effect it will increase cost of gas to consumers. This I respectively submit is gross misrepresentation. The his- tory of the administration of the act shows the cost on a national average to consumers to gradually be reduced by 12 percent, dur- ing the 12 years of the Natural Gas Act administration. I join with Speaker Raysurn in confidently stating that this will not have adverse effect on the cost of gas to consumers. On the other hand, it will benefit consumers reduc~ ing their fuel cost by making more gas avail- able to them. : The price of natural gas to consumers has steadfastly gone down and the cost of other fuels increased tremendously over the same period of time. The contention that this is not competitive fuel, I respectfully submit, is in error. The competitive element is in the field where there are thousands of leases from which gas
A3010 jis produced and the competitive element prevails in the usual business way as the big natural gas companies bid for it. The FPC definitely has authority over rates at wholesale prices for resale and any grossly unfair or unusually high rates as in the past be prohibited by Commission. Furthermore, State utility commissions have regulatory authority over rates by distribut- ing companies and can likewise continue to exert authority where the regulated monop- oly business prevails. I urge your approval. Oren Harris, Member of Congress. DEFEAT OF THE Kerr BILL Undoubtedly the Kerr amendment to the Natural Gas Act of 1938 was beaten in the final stretch by an ill-informed press, irre~ sponsible columnists, and well-intentioned, but erring, municipal officials of America’s largest cities who succumbed to inaccurate information and pressure from a major labor union. that was interested to an extreme in keeping its large segment of coal miners in the pits of an ailing industry suffering from acute gas pains. Quantities of natural gas most assuredly will be reduced the instant any manner of Federal regulation is exercised by the Fed~ eral Power Commission, for virtually all major independent producers have long-time contracts with transporting companies that can become nullified only if any Federal reg- ulation of independents is begun. Whole- sale cancellation of present contracts is a certainty in the event of FPC control, and less gas decidedly means higher gas prices to the consumer. Independent producers generally have gas as a byproduct of oil drilling, and total sales in interstate commerce last year reached only $70,000,000. To maintain their independence, these producers in all likeli- hood will convert their natural gas into liquid gas, to fertilizer, or to carbon black, while supplies owned by natural-gas com- panies will be about all consumers can expect, The Kerr bill was a wholesome one and its enactment into law would have changed nothing that has ever, or is now, in effect. It merely clarified a confusing passage of the Natural Gas Act of 1938 that the Fed- eral Power Commission—and President Tru- man—urged the Eightieth Congress to enact, and the Priest bill, fully sanctioned by these men, was speedily enacted. It was virtually identical to the Kerr bill. Later, however, under the leadership of Leland Olds, the FPC reversed its position by a 3-to-2 agreement. This same Mr. Olds was rejected by the most decisive vote the Sen- ate has,turned down a nominee in recent history when his term was to be renewed. An even more controversial Moore-Rizley bill was adopted by the House in the Hight- jeth Congress, and the Harris bill was easily agreed to during the first session of this Congress. It was the Harris bill, amended by Senators Kers and Tuomas for the bene- fit of consumer protection, that the Presi- dent vetoed last week. It is strange, however, that every commit- tee chairman in the Senate, with the excep- tion of Senators CHavnz, NEELY, and TyrpiNas, voted for the bill and strongly fought for its adoption. Even Senator Byrrp and Senator Tarr gave their full approval to the measure, as did leaders in the House of Representa~ tives. Even after the Supreme Court ruled on the status of Independent producers, all but one member of the Federal Power Commission joined in issuing an order—still in effect— guaranteeing this type producer freedom from fear of Federal regulation, Upon this assurance, producers in the Southwest expanded their production and enabled transporters to bring this cheapest of all fuels to areas in all parts of the Nation—and at a price that has steadily declined for 12 years. The Kerr amendment simply stated that these companies could continue in the future, as they have in the past, in running their own affairs. It further pointed out that in the event of unscrupulous price rises, an investigation would be made and resulis reported to the President. Since 1938, if a transporter of natural gas owned producing wells, the entire process of production and transportation had been under the Federal Power Commission con- trol. More than 75 percent of Chicago’s natural-gas supply comes from wells owned by the transporter. Their rates have beer? and will remain under Federal regulation, but the mayor of that city cried out against the Kerr measure. ‘ It is unfortunate, too, that the President found this pressure so great that he felt for political reasons he must reverse his past requests for such legislation and veto the measure. Pavn McBrme. ARLINGTON, Import Tax on Copper EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. JAMES T. PATTERSON OF CONNECTICUT IN THE FOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, Pres- ident Videla of Chile, in effect, called for passage of H. R. 7151, the Patterson cop- per bill, at a luncheon in his honor yester- day in New York. I believe that Congress should take due notice of his statement that reimposi- tion of the tax would benefit no one in this country. The Chilean Nation has cooperated splendidly with the United States in the community of Pan-Amer- ican countries, and a severe economic strain would result from restoration of the tax. Furthermore, the almost im- mediate effect upon employment in the brass industry would create a problem of great magnitude. Action is imperative now if we are to head off these serious consequences. President Videla’s remarks on this sub- ject are included in the following news story from the New York Herald Tribune for Wednesday, April 26, 1950: Cuilz PRESIDENT SEES MzENace In CorpER Tax—Says RESTORATION BY UNITED STsTES Wovrp Hurr His Country President Gabriel Gonzalez-Videla, of Chile, said here yesterday that restoration of the United States import tax on copper would do severe economic and social damage to his country. Addressing a luncheon in his honor at the University Club, President Gonzalez-Videla sald that certain copper-producing groups in this country are advocating the resump- tion of this tax at a time when the United States is developing its plan of technical and financial aid to other countries and when APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD American industry is in need of foreign copper. The tax, he said, would benefit nobody in the United States and would do harm to its industries. However, he added, he had complete confidence a way out would be found to straighten out any difficulty be- tween two friendly countries whose destiny it 1s to walk together through the years ahead whether of prosperity or reverses. NO ARBITRARY EXPROPRIATION Speaking of the friendly cooperation be- tween North American capital and Chilean labor, he said that this kind of risky mining business can only succeed where laws offer complete guaranties of security to foreign capital and where foreign capital does not operate to take undue advantage of its power. He pointed out that there has never been a single case of arbitrary expropriation in Chile and said there will never be hostility of any other nature to capital or property. President Gonzalez-Videla said the United States would be unable to face another for-~ eign war if copper ingot were not forth- coming from Chilean ports. He praised North American copper concerns for setting aside a part of their profits to raise the liv- ing standards in the regions in which they operate, adding that these companies have surrendered pot.t'ous G2 Ei. technical and administrative respc“siollty io Chilean citi- zens. TAX NOW SUSPENDED The 2-cents-a-pound tax on ecppcr im- ports has been suspended since the reein- ning of World War II but will become effec- tive again after June 30 unless it is waived by Congress. The President of Chile spoke. before more than 100 industrialists at the luncheon which was sponsored by C. Donald Dallas, chairman of Revere Copper & Brass Co. Mr. Dallas sald that Chile, because of existing legislation, is one of the few coun- tries in the world to create a favorable en- vironment for foreign investors. He added the hope that the much-needed copper from Chile “will always continue to flow freely into this country and that American in- dustry and that of Chile will thus be mu- tually helped at all times.” Cornelius F. Kelley, chairman of Anaconda Copper Mining Co., said that without Chile’s contribution to the last war, that conflict “could not have been fought as 1t was, won as it was, and the victory would have been of exceeding doubt.” Calling the copper tariff a prohibitive restriction, Mr. Kelley warned that “in this time of tension we do not know how soon we may be put to the necessity of arming again as we have in the past.” Communism Versus Church EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. LOUIS B. HELLER OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. HELLER. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rzc- ord, I include the following editorial from the New York Times of April 25, 1950: CoMMUNISM VERSUS CHURCH The struggle of Russian totalitarian com- munism against the various churches and against religion may be approaching a climax, at least in eastern Europe. The latest news
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD is of the vigorous counterattack on commu- nism by sorely tried Protestant and Catholic churchmen in the Soviet zone of Germany. There is a still confused conflict in Poland, but clearly the situation is critical. The activities of the Czech and Hungarian Gov- ernments against the clergy and churches have filled many columns of news recently. This whole struggle of east and west is throwing up some of the most profound spiritual problems in history. It would he a fatal mistake for western countries to think of the expansion and pressures of Soviet communism simply in terms of territories, ecuntries, political forces, military threats, espionage, or propaganda. We are in the midst of a conflic as fundamental in its way as that of Christianity against the pagan world. Communism, like fascism, puts itself forward as a substitute for religion. In aca- demic circles one hears much talk these days comparing in a technical or mechanical sense the spread of communism with the spread of Christianity in the first few centuries A. D. If there could be any basis for such compari- son, it would only become possible through a failure of the democratic world to realize its danger and to make the truth about com- munism known. If communism really were a@ mcvement to spread brotherhood, peace, and the fair sharing of the world’s goods, it would in the first place not be in conflict with many religious doctrines, and in the second it would not be Russian totalitarian communism. The challenge we face is on two fronts. It is doctrinal in that Marxian communism is atheistic and materialistic, and it is politi- cal through the workings of the totalitarian system, which cannot countenance any force that is not completely controlled by the state. On the doctrinal side, communism is i% much against Protestantism, Judaism, and Mohammedanism as it is against Ca- tholicism. We hear so much about the at- tacks on the Roman Catholic Church in eastern Europe these days that we are apt to overlook the scope of the attack. It is an- othed case of not asking for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for all of us. - A Prayer EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ANGIER L. GOODWIN OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. GOODWIN. Mr. Speaker, in- creasingly nowadays it seems that we find in the daily prayers of the Chaplains opening our legislative sessions not only inspiration for moral and spiritual up- lift but also material for sober thought and reflection to guide us as lawmakers in the discharge of our purely temporal duties. I find a splendid example of this in the instance of a recent prayer by the chaplain of the Massachusetts Senate, Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis A. Burke, LL. D., and under leave to extend my remarks in the Appendix of the Recorp, I include an editorial from the Wakefield (Mass.) Item of April 24, 1950, quoting therefrom with appropriate and laudatory com- ment: A PRAYER Prayers of the senate or house chaplains are more or less considered as routine each day and seldom win any mention, There was one, however, last week which shoul have had first-page attention. It was delivered by Senate Chaplain Burke in our own legislature. He said, in part: “You cannot, without undermining public confidence, pyramid taxes, talk brotherhood, and practice preju- dice, have so many on public pay rolls as to create too great a burden on the taxpayers, or contend in differences between the worker and the employer one side is always right and the other wrong. You cannot reduce the work hours per week beyond the ability of those to pay to absorb that additional economic responsibility. * * * Youcan- not have too much social security without begetting too much national insecurity. * * * Seeing one cannot spend what one doesn’t possess, it follows that an unbal- anced budget eventually leads to the cleaners.” Report of Projects Committee to Rivers and Harbors Congress EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. SID SIMPSON OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. SIMPSON of Mlinois. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my re- marks, I include in the Appendix of the Recorp the following report of the proj- ects committee, which was unanimously adopted by the recent Fortieth Annual Convention of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress held in Washington or March 23-25, 1950. The permanent projects committee of the congress consists of an outstanding expert on water-resource problems from each of the major drainage basins of the United. States. They serve without compensation of any kind whatsoever and bear. all of their own expenses when. coming to Washington and while here serving on this committee. The committee’s purpose is to assist the sponsors of projects in preparing and presenting their data,.so that they may be placed in line for approval. The projects recommended by the committee and endorsed by the congress are vigor- ously pressed for inclusion in the Gov- ernment’s public-works program, -and appropriations or allocation of funds sought therefor. : We are grateful to the members of this committee for their public-spirited service in an effort to assist the Congress of the United States and the govern- -antal agencies charged with the re- sponsibility for these public works, as well as the people in the areas to be served thereby. The following are the members of the committee who served at its recent an- nual session: NATIONAL RIVERS AND HarBors CONGRESS, PROJECTS COMMITTEE Representative Sip Smmpson, of Mlinois, chairman. A3011 New England division: Larry M. Hess, ex- ecutive secretary, Taunton Association of Commerce, Taunton, Mass. North Atlantic division: Brig. Gen. James H. Stratton, United States Army (retired), consulting engineer, New York, N. Y. South Atlantic division: H. H. Buckman, consulting engineer, Jacksonville, Fia., vice chairman. Southwestern division: J. C. Murray, traffic manager and commerce counsel, Greater Lit- tle Rock Chamber of Commerce, Little Rock, Ark. Lower Mississippi Valley division: Byron P. Lyons, chief engineer, Department of Pub- lic Works, State of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, La, Upper Mississippi Valley division: Al Han- sen, comptroller, city of Minneapolis, Min- neapolis, inn. Missouri River division: Everett T. Winter, vice president, Mississippi Valley Associa- tion, Omaha, Nebr. Ohio River division: O, Slack Barrett, pres- ident, Ohio Valley Improvement Association, Cincinnati, Ohio. Great Lakes division: Harry C. Brockel, munic:pal port director, city of Milwaukee, al1.weukee, Wis. North Pacific division: George E. Thomas, assistant manager, Washington, D. C., head- quarters, Seattle, Wash., Chamber of Com- merce. Western Intermountain region: E, W. Rising, vice president, Southwestern Idaho Water Conservation Project, Inc., Boise, _ Idaho. The report follows: REPORT OF THE PROJECTS COMMITTEE TO THE ForRTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE Na- TIONAL RIVERS AND HARBORS CONGRESS _ WASHINGTON, D. C., March 25, 1950. Hon. JoHn L. McCLELLan, President, National Rivers and Harbors Congress, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. PRESIDENT: In pursuance of the call of the president, your project commit- tee met on March 28, 1950, to consider the projects submitted since the last session of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress. Hearings were afforded all who made appear- ance, The committee at this session has exam- ined 78 proposals embracing all resource im- provements with which this congress is concerned, including navigable waterways, harbors, flood control, soil conservation, rec- lamation, and water conservation. Of the proposals examined, this committee is convinced that 34 constitute projects sound in conception, needful, and sufficientiy advanced in status to warrant endorsement, involving a total estimated cost of $622,576,- 590. Hight proposals appear to be without sufficiently advanced development to war- rant project endorsement at this time, but are believed to be meritorious and entitled to further consideration by this committee, if ani vvhen additional information may be adequate to warrant an endorsed status. We find that on 29 proposals surveys have been authorized, but the reports on such surveys have not been completed, and we therefore recommend in these cases that the Congress request the appropriate authority to com- plete reports of its investigations and sur- veys as soon as practicable in order that action may be taken toward classification by this Congress. We find four proposals which on preliminary examination appear to be de- sirable and needful, and we accordingly rec~ ommend that engineering and economic in- vestigations of survey scope be made in these cases with a view to developing projects for subsequent authorization. Of the pro- posals investigated, we find three are without
A3012 necessary data or sponsorship to enable the committee to reach a reasonable conclusion on their worth. However, we desire to give the applications sympathetic consideration, and, if possible, offer to the proponents the services of this congress In reaching a solu~ tion of their problems. We have, therefore, not classified these, but have suggested that the secretary communicate with the appli- cants concerned and request additional data upon the receipt of which further considera- tion will be given to their proposals. Appendix A of this report sets forth in detail a list of all proposals and projects examined and the action taken thereon. The committee desires to bring to the at- tention of all concerned the existence of a major omnibus flocd-control and river-and- harbor bill. This bill, known as H. R, 5472, contains numerous items authorizing the construction of flood control and navigation improvements throughout the Nation. In addition, the bill carries authority for the Federal agencies concerned to conduct pre- liminary examinations and surveys in the interest of flood control, navigation, and allied purposes throughout many river basins. The bill has been passed by the House of Rep- resentatives, approved by the Senate Com- mittee on Public Works, and is at present on the Senate Calendar. Enactment of this legislation will prove a valuable supplement to the existing river-and-harbor and flood- control law. Your projects committee is well aware of the substantial and widespread benefits that are resulting from the construction and op- eration of flood-control structures through- out this great land of ours. These projects are providing a security never before known to a great many peoples who have previously witnessed the ravages of floods and experi- enced the miseries associated therewith. The improvements constructed in the interest and betterment of navigation have facili- tated the growth of trade with other nations, developed water-borne commerce among the States, and strengthened the transportation system for the security and continued growth of the Nation. The picture is bright, flood- control and navigation improvements are constantly proving their worth, justifying the faith of the Congress of the United States in authorizing their construction. However, much hard work still remains to be accomplished to alleviate the needless suffering and hardships wrought by floods and to produce the best possible measures for the betterment of navigation. Your committee again desires to make the recommendation that the National Rivers and Harbors Congress actively and forcefully foster the early completion of those projects essential to the future well-being of the Nation. In this respect it is essential that the Federal agencies concerned have suffi- cient funds with which to carry out the plans for the development of our water re- sources as approved and authorized. There- fore, Mr. President, your committee feels strongly that the Congress of the United States and all agencies concerned should be informed of the need for sufficient appropria- tions to carry on the work of project con- struction which has previously been ap- proved, and which represents a prudent and far-seeing investment in the development of our natural resources, and to prosecute with diligence the work of investigation which is vital to the formulation of a sound and well~ APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD integrated program of river-basin develop- ment, and that not less than $10,000,000 be provided therefor annually. We further rec- ommend that the amdunt of $53,000,000 rec- ommended by the Bureau of the Budget for river and harbor maintenance be increased to $70,000,000. Respectfully submitted. Sip Simpson, Chairman. Nore A—A project which has been placed in class II, III, IV, or V by the committee may be reexamined from time to time upon due application and the submission of mate- rial supplementary information, with a view to advancing its classification; but no project will be reported upon by the committee more than once in each year. Notrt B.—Attention is called to the fact that when a project is once put in class I— Endorsed, such status continues, and it is unnecessary to follow up at subsequent ses- sions with new applications. All projects “endorsed” by the Congress, upon the recom- mendation of the committee, retain their status until finally constructed, unless such action is rescinded by the Congress, and the Congress stands pledged to do everything possible to assist in reaching that goal. APPENDIX A (Letter “R” following the project number indicates revision of a previous applica- tion) Class I—Projects endorsed Endorsed: This means that the commit- tee ils convinced that the project is sound, needful, and sufficiently advanced in status, and should be promptly constructed in the will be reported upon by the committee more Project No. Taylors Oreck Oregon Inlet and related channels. Masonboro Inlet ..-....-----s0=0 Craney Island disposal area. Wallace Channel...-... Central Valley Propet Des Moines and Mississ: ip Connecticut River from Lon New Cumberland locks and Yadkin-Pee Dee Rivers (flood control) .. Rocky Fork Reservoir (Paint Creek)... Mystic River, Boston.......-..--..- Tampa Harbor....--. Lake Worth Inlet..._.--........ §t, Augustine Harbor and vicinil Arthur Kill, New York and New Savannah River... Brunswick Harbor. James River, Richmond. Mississippi River, New Orleans to the Freeport Harbor. ..-..-..-.--..+ Galveston Harbor and Channel. Upper Monongahela River modernization (Hildebrand and Opekiska Dams) ..........- Cape Fear River at and below Wilmington... 22... --nnsneneenene nen eneenn Island Sound to Hi ms, Ohio River... Capo Fear River, at and below Wilmington_.....2-...----. en eneen nner ene. Sabine-Neches waterway.....--.----.0-» Brazos Island... ----..-----eeneneeennenn East Pass from Gulf of Mexico into Choctawhaicheo Bay... Contral and southern Florida flood-control project (first ph Canaveral Harbor-....-.....----------+- Intracoastal Waterway, Oaloosahatchee to Anclote River. Name of project ulf of Mexico (Tidewater Channel) . West Virginia... .snnnenueeenennan North Carolina... On- Virginia. North Cai California. -| Ohio and West Virginia. State Division Ohio River. South Atlantic. Do. _ Jo. Noto Adiant ¢, run h Atlee, saith Rae Ge, Concer Missisipp Valley. Nort reastern. Oh Revver, Kansas River (flood control) -..-.-----neeneseannee Kansas and Nebraska... M oss uri River, Susquehanna River, West Branch, reservoir system. Deseaetrerty Nove Ath nie, Cache River Basin...------ o-oo eee ene Lower M ys ssippr Valley. - Reath Ariane, Vhio River, Northeastern. South Atlantic, Do. Do. North Aflantie. South Atlantic. Do. North Atlantic, South Atlantic. Lower Mississippi Valley. Southwestern. Do. South Atlantic. Do, Do, Do. Meritorious: This means that the commit- tee believes that although the project is Class II—Projects classified as meritorious not sufficiently advanced in status to war- rant its present endorsement, it is mer- itorious and open for further consideration by the committee. Project No. Raystown Reservoir (Juniata River and tributarics)....... Hudson River, improvement of, from Albany to Now York... Bayou Coden (channel dredging)........ Sere Crock (Oriental) Peed ‘Rarmers levee and drainage district (East Chandlerville levee project)... Channel and harbor at Everglades, Collier County.....--.-~---a-----=+ Name of project Ao. 0 2 rand tributary, the Battle Oreek River, at Battle Creek and vicinit Division Great Lakes, Ni orth Atlantic, - 0. South Atlantic, - Do, Great Lakes, Do, South Atlantle.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD A3013 Class III—Expeditious report on authorized survey requested Expeditious report on authorized survey requested: This means that the committee believes the Congress should request the engineering authority to expedite the report of its investigation and survey of the project to the end that appropriate further action may ke had thereon in regard to classifica- tion by the Congress, Project No. Cape Fear River above Wilmington (flood control) Carolina Beach Neuse River Basin (food control). Harbor at Morehead City. Waccamaw River. Little River Inlet_...---....---- Bayou La Batre (channel dredgi Name of project Dauphin Island Bay (channel dredg Perdido Pass (channel dredging) ..__ Fowl! River (channel to Mobile Bay) Au Gres River Basin (flood control) Kawkawlin River (flood control) Saline River and tributaries (flood co Chowan River and tributaries (flood Neuse River (flood control), Smithfie Holden Beach (Brunswick County) Hatteras Inlet to Hatteras__--......- Cape Channel, Pamlico Sound. Pantego and Cucklers Creek (flo Norfolk Harbor channel__ Thimble Shoal channel... Lambert Point anchorage Baltimore Harbor and channels. -o--- Onn een eee ene eee Mohile Harbor.._....------..-------- Wabash River at Peru (flood control) Waterway from Bon Secour Bay to Gulf via Oyster Bay... Apalachicola Harbor and channel to Gulf. -| Big Muddy River Basin (flood coutrol).... ntrol and drainage) control Mlinois North Carolina and Virginia Division North Carolina South Atlantic. wenne di Do. --do... Do, w---- do Do. North Carolina and South Carolina. Do. wees Oo. Alabama... Do. d Do. --do Do. do Do. --do Do. Michigan. Great Lakes. wone- do... D 10. Ohio River. North Atlantic, 1d to Wayne county line... Ni orth Carolina.-...--.---- South Atlantic, rend Fae |: senna Do. --d0 .. Do. do Do. do Do. gin’ North Atlantic. -.do Do. ----do.- Do. Maryland. Do. wee |----- d Do. . wnecee. Alabarna_. South Atlantic. Florida__.. 0. Upper Mississippi Valley. Obto River. Recommended for survey: This means that the committee believes that sufficient show- Class IV—Projects recommended for survey ing on behalf of the project has been made to warrant further examination in the form of an adequate survey by an appropriate agency of the Federal Government. Project No. Name of Project State Division TI8-R ww neenennee Lockwoods Folly Inlet. 2... e nnn e nee n ween cee neon enn ne eee eee e nena cen nene eee ens North Carolina....-..--....-----.-- South Atlantic, 793-R_ ---| Cleves Flood protection project-.. - {0 na neenne -| Ohio River. 803... -| Wisconsin-Fox Rivers waterway... .| Wisconsin. .-| Upper Mississippi Valley, 820_ nn ewennnnn ne Dana Point-San Clemente Harbor... --- oon eee en nena nen ne nen nee een n een nnn n ene eee California..._....-------s-ae-.------- South Pacific. Rey. Philip Frederick McNairy EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. ANTHONY F. TAURIELLO OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. TAURIELLO. Mr. Speaker, re- cently my community suffered a loss when the Very Reverend Edward R. Welles, dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral in Buffalo, N. Y., was designated as bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Mis- souri at Kansas City. Bishop Welles’ transfer will cause him to be missed not only by the Episcopal Diocese of western New York but to all the people there who have grown to know and to love him. Bishop Welles has achieved an envi- able record in religious and civic matters. The affection with which he is held in the hearts of the people of Buffalo is proof of the splendid spiritual influence he has generated and nurtured among so many thousands. It is indeed a mat- ter of great satisfaction to know that his strenuous labors so faithfully performed have been recognized and rewarded, While we shall miss him much, we re- joice in his elevation and wish him well, Buffalo has indeed been fortunate in the choice of Bishop Welles’ successor, the Reverend Philip Frederick McNairy, who has accepted the call to become the new dean ‘of St. Paul’s Cathedral. The Reverend Mr. McNairy has been serving as rector of Christ Episcopal Church at St. Paul, Minn., and has achieved a bril- liant record. I want to join the citizens of Buffalo in extending to the Reverend Mr. McNairy a cordial welcome and my very best wishes for a long and happy stay in my native city. Under leave to extend my remarks, I include herewith two articles from the Buffalo Courier-Express, relating the de- tails of these histori¢ events: P, F. McNairy Wit. Be Dzan at St. Pavt’s— Sr. Paun CiergymMan Accepts CaTHEDRAL Cau The Reverend Philip Frederick McNairy, 39-year-old rector of Christ Episcopal Church at St, Paul, Minn., will become dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral here on August 1. The Right Reverend Lauriston L. Scaife, bishop of the western New York Episcopal diocese, an- nounced yesterday that Rev. Mr. McNairy had accepted the unanimous call of the wardens and vestry of the cathedral. The Reverend Mr. McNairy succeeds the Very Reverend Edward R. Welles, who will be consecrated bishop of the Diocese of West Missouri at Kansas City next Wednesday. IMPRESSED BY HIS ABILITY Bishop Scaife said he is “very happy” the Reverend Mr. McNairy had accepted the call. “I have known him a comparatively short time but I have been impressed with his strength of character and his deep convic- tions so far as the place of the church in modern society and in the community are concerned,” the bishop continued. : “I also have been impressed by his preach- ing ability, his forceful administration, and his ability as a devoted and consecrated pas- tor. I feel that he will be a splendid addi- tion to the diocesan family and to the com- munity at large.” Charles R. Wilson, 95 Oakland Place, senior warden of St. Paul’s Cathedral, said last night he was very much pleased that the Reverend Mr. McNairy had accepted the call extended im. “WELCOME” NEWS John K. Walker, 21 Saybrook Place, Junior warden at the cathedral, said news of the Reverend Mr. McNairy’s acceptance was most welcome. Walker’s comments were in a com~ munication to his son, Charles W. Walker, 66 High Park Boulevard, Eggertsville. The elder Walker currently is vacationing on the west coast. The Reverend Mr. McNairy told the Cour- ier-Express by telephone from his St. Paul home last night that he is looking forward to the deanship of the cathedral here “as a tremendous opportunity of which I hope I am. worthy.” He added that “I don’t expect to make any ‘radical changes at the cathedral. Those changes which I will make will be made with the consent of Bishop Scaife, the parish- ioners and vestrymen of the church.” The Reverend Mr. McNairy said he will return here Monday morning to have further conferences with Bishop Scaife and cathe- dral officials. He will remain here just for the day to dicuss matters of policy and plan & preliminary program for the Fall. He added that his St. Paul parish will observe its centennial in May and “were it not for this occasion I would be able to assume my Buffalo duties much earlier than August Ist.” The Reverend Mr. McNairy said he will take up residence here before he becomes dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral August 1st.
A3014 ACTIVE IN COMMUNITY AFFAIRS The new dean has an enviable record as & clergyman and in community affairs. His first clerical position was as head of St. Andrew’s Mission at Columbus, Ohio, in 1934. From 1935 to 1940 he was rector of St. Stephen’s Church, Cincinnati. He has been rector of Christ Church at St. Paul since 1940. Since becoming rector of Christ Church, the Reverend Mr. McNairy has served as president of the standing committee of the Diocese of Minnesota, deputy to the general convention, chairman of the Department of Christian Education, chairman of the De- partment of Promotion, chairman of youth work, dean and director of the Carleton Con- ference, and dean of the St. Paul Deanery. The Reverend Mr. McNairy’s civic activities have included chairman of the Council of Social Agencies at St. Paul for 2 years, chair- man of the St. Paul Council of Human Re- lations, a member of the Advisory Board of the YMCA and YWCA and a member of the Board of Directors of the St. Paul Community Chest. : RECEIVED AWARD The St. Paul Junior Chamber of Com- merce presented its annual award for service to the community to the Reverend Mr. McNairy in 1946. The new dean was born at Lake City, Minn., on March 19, 1911. He was graduated from Kenyon College, Gambicr, Ohio, in 1932 with a bachelor of arts degree. In 1934 he was graduated from Bexley Divinity School, Gambier, with the degree of bachelor of divinity. The Reverend Mr. McNairy married the former Cary E. Fleming of Columbus in. 1935. They have three children: Philip, 12, a stu- dent at Breck School, St. Paul; Judith, 10, and Patricia, 5. BisHor WELLES ENTHRONED In Kansas Crry—~ Formrr BurraLo DEAN INSTALLED IN Di0o- CESE Kansas Ciry, April 19.—The Very Reverend Edward Randolph Welles, former dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, Buffalo, today was en- throned as fourth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri. The consecration combined a brilliant set- ting of church pageantry with the enshrined traditions of the solemn occasion. Church leaders in dark red, the liturgical color of the day, mingled with those in black, white, and purple vestments. More than 700 persons in the Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral here knelt as 12 bishops climaxed the ritual by the laying on of hands ceremony which stood as the symbol of a new member in the line of succession started when Christ sent forth the 12 apostles. With the Right Reverend Henry Knox Sherrill, of New York, presiding bishop of the church, as celebrant and consecrator, Dean Welles was elevated to the position as the spiritual leader of 10,399 persons. He suc- ceeds the Right Reverend Robert Nelson Spencer, who retired last October. As the ceremony neared its end, Dean Welles rendered the oath of conformity, which read: “I, Edward Randolph Welles, chosen bish- op of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the diocese of West Missouri, do promise conformity and obedience to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America. So help me God, through Jesus Ohrist.” TRADITIONAL CHANT SUNG Then the traditional chant of Veni, Crea- tor Spiritus (Come, Holy Spirit) was raised as the 12 bishops clustered around the 42- year-old bishop-elect and, simultaneously, placed their hands upon his head. He then was given his bishop’s mitre and his cape, which was of gold cloth with a dark red border. The Very Reverend Claude W. Sprouse, dean of the Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral, handed the new bishop his crozier, or pastoral staff, and Dean Welles was en- throned on the cathedra, or bishop’s chair, He wore also an amethyst ring, presented him earlier in the ceremony by his brother, Samuel Welles, of New York, and a pectoral cross, hanging on a chain around his neck, The ring had belonged to his grandfather, also Edward Randolph Welles, who was conse- crated bishop of Wisconsin in 1874. Finally, with Dean Welles kneeling before the altar, Bishop Sherrill said: “Receive the Holy Ghost for the office and work of a bishop in the church of God, now committed unto thee by the imposition of our hands.” Earlier, the ceremony had started with a two-block procession of church and lay lead- ers. It was a colorful gathering, with cruci- fers in red and white robes stationed along the long line which moved slowly into the gray stone cathedral. At that time Dean Welles wore a purple vestment and cap. He smiled with confidence as he took his place in the procession, flanked by his attending presbyters, Dean Sprouse and the Reverend Sewall Emerson, of Norwalk, Conn. As the procession moved forward into the cathedral toward the chancel and altar, the choir, wearing white surplices over fuchsia robes, raised their voices in the words of the processional hymn: Jesus Calls Us O’er the Tumult of Our Life’s Wild Restless Sea. COMMUNION CELEBRATED Bishop Sherrill then. celebrated commun- jon, with only the bishops and others having oficial part in the ceremony taking the sacrament. Bishop Lauriston L. Scaife, of western New York, read the epistle, and Bishop Goodrich R. Fenner, of Kansas, read the gospel, from St. John. Prayers and hymns preceded the sermon by the Right Reverend Stephen Fielding Bayne, Jr., bishop of Olympia, Wash. Faithful is not among the glittering words used in describing a calling, but it is the fundamental requirement for an Episcopal bishop or priest, Bishop Bayne said. An Episcopal priest, rector, or bishop must be faithful as a teacher, as a shepherd to those in his care, and faithful to his Lord and the apostolic line, he said. Bishop Bayne is rated as one of the church's top preachers. Many words are useful in describing a clerical calling, he said, such as adventure, opportunity, service, and vocation. The life of a bishop is full of distraction and confusion, he said, but still he must be a teacher, in conference and controversy, alike. A bishop must be faithful to those entrust- ed to his care, he said, as a shepherd, which entails two great temptations. One is to overlook the human and mortal phase of nis “flock” and the other is to stay, with the ninety and nine because it is so much trouble to seek out the straying one. The testimonials were offered next. Wil- liam A. Moon presented the certificate of election, and the Reverend Earle B. Jewell presented the canonical testimonial of the cohvention, The Reverend Edwin W. Merrill offered the consents of the standing committees, and the Right Reverend Everett H. Jones offered the consents of the bishops. After Dean Welles had given his promise of conformity, Bishop J. Gillespie Armstrong, of Pennsylvania, said the litany for ordina-~ tions, with responses from those in the cathedral. Bishop Sherrill, after offering a prayer, then proceeded to examine Dean Welles with a series of questions to establish his readiness to discharge his office according to the doc- trines of the church. ; After the ceremony, Bishop Welles returned to the chancel to bestow his blessings on members of his family and the congregation, APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD The 160 clergy and laity in the procession, including those taking part in the cere« mony, filled the chancel at the forepart of the cathedral. “ The Older Workers EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. ANGIER L. GOODWIN OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. GOODWIN. Mr. Speaker, it has given me great satisfaction to note the favorable response from all over the country to my bill (H. R. 7571) to fur- nish an incentive for our older workers to keep on working and producing. In line with the generally favorable com- ment, I include herewith, under leave to extend my remarks, an editorial from the Boston (Mass.) Herald of April 17, 1950: THe OLDER WORKERS America is going to be stronger if it keeps its older men and women productive, rather than eagerly pensioning them off to idleness, as we aro inclined to do. Instead of seeking new ways to support them at an increasingly early age, why not have Government supply the incentive to keep them at work longer? Early retirement is good neither for the in- dividual nor for society. Senator Bripges and Congressman Goon-~« win have sponsored a bill to relieve those over 65 from pnying the old-age tax if they choose to continue to work. This is a fair suggestion. But the great majority of retire- ments are not from choice; they are the result of arbitrary age policies sct up by cor- porations. Some of the incentive should be addressed to them. If the corporations were also relieved of the old-age tax on the pay of those over 65, there would be a small incentive to retain and hire older men and women. The lifting of the State unemployment tax on the pay of those over 65 would further assist. It may take a little time for some legis- lators to realize it, but the best gift to a wows man in his sixties is a worth-while ob. Foreign Oil Imports EXTENSION OF REMARKS o HON. M. G. BURNSIDE OF WEST VIRGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. BURNSIDE. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rec- orD, I wish to insert the following letter trom Mr. H.R. Pinckard, of Huntington, . Van: Dear Morrrze: I have been out of the city and only received your telegram this morn~ ge As for foreign-oil dumpings, I have ex-~ pressed by opinion frequently in editorials, one of which I enclose. If this were simply a matter of foreign products displacing American, I would not be so dubious. ‘Trouble is that mines are being closed because of markets lost to cheap foreign oil; and once they are closed and the “iron is pulled” (a mining phrase which
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD means to remove rails and other installations from the shaft) there can be no quick re- sumption of operations at that location. Yet, we all Know that oil shipments from abroad would be among the first imports cut ef by war. Then converted customers would be thrown back on a fuel which could no longer be supplied in sufficient quantity. In view of international uncertainties, it does lock suicidal to put so much dependence on an undependable product—whose abun- dance at the moment is costing us heavily in wages, taxes, dividends, and human security. Cordially, H. R. PINcKARD. Much has been said about the effects of foreign oil imports on the American coal industry. However, we have found that few people, even among miners and railroaders who are losing their jobs be- cause of cheap oil being dumped in east- ern United States ports, fully appreciate the gravity of the situation. Here is an easy guide which may be applied to oil imports for ascertaining their effect on the coal and transporia- tion businesses: Every 4 barrels of foreign oil displaces 1 ton of bituminous coal. Every time 4,000 barrels of oil are dumped, one miner and one railroader lose their jobs, Remember those figures. On this same subject I received the following letter from Mr. Arthur Down- ing of Logan, W. Va.: My Dear Mn. BURNSME: Many thanks for your wire of April 21. You certainly did not make a mistake when you stated that big oil imports were hurt- ing the coal business in West Virginia. Hundreds of thousands of tons of coal have been displaced by the dumping of for- eign residual oil on the eastern seaboard. This cheap foreign oil has pushed the domes- tic producers of such oil back from the sea- board. and they are pushing for markets in the Middle West, thus displacing coal in this district’s normal market. There is one thing the Government should give some thought to, and that is that when a@ coal mine goes down it usually is gutted of all machinery, rail, copper wire, etc. It can- not be opened up again just overnight. If this country should ever go to war and a great many mines have been laying idle for a period of time, the country might find itself very, very short of fuel because its source of supply of oil would be cut off and coal then would become a necessity. A tax on foreign oil which would put it on a price parity with coal is certainly not out of order. It is a must if the coal indus- try is to keep in shape to supply this country with fuel, as and when it needs it. Your help and influence in this matter is sincerely appreciated. Yours very truly, ARTHUR DOWNING, President, Logan Coal Operators’ Association. Sister Helen Madeleine EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Wednesday, April 26 (legislative day of Wednesday, March 29), 1950 Mr, SALTONSTALEL. Mr: President, ‘I ask unanimous consent that there be printed in the Appendix of the Recorp an editorial paying tribute to an emi- nent Massachusetts citizen, the edito- rial being published in the Boston Post, Tuesday, April 25, 1950. I think it is well worth the attention of Senators. There being no objection, the edito- rial was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Sister HELEN MADELEINE The courage of nuns is commonplace knowledge. These women develop a quiet confidence in God, to whom they have dedi- cated their lives. The result is that no en- terprise is too difficult, no task staggering. Sister Helen Madeleine, dean of Emmanuel College since its founding 81 years ago, is a ease in point. After those years of service when the ordinary college dean might seek retirement to a life of study or ease, Sister Helen Ifadeleine will journey to Japan to help open a new college there staffed by the Notre Dame nuns. She has had many hon- ors since the doors of Emmanuel College opened. She has had the tremendous satis- faction of seeing the school, in its short span of years, become one of the leading Cathclic educational institutions in the country, and one of New England’s outstanding colleges for girls. Its success, though she would blanch at the statement, is mainly due to her great personality. It will never lose the impetus she has given it. She will be hon- ored at a formal reception at the college next month and will leave for Japan in June. The accomplishments she leaves behind make her one of the great women in the his- tory of Boston. Two-Price Plan for Wheat EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. LOWELL STOCKMAN OF OREGON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have had so many requests for an analy- sis of the bill H. R. 7245, providing for a two-price or certificate plan for wheat, which I introduced on February 9, 1950, that under leave to extend my remarks, I wish to include in the Recorp a copy of an analysis of the bill. The two-price plan is recommended by the Oregon Wheat Growers League and endorsed generally by the farm organizations of the Pacific Northwest, who believe its adoption would greatly reduce wheat surpluses, since it would allow wheat to share the feed-grain market and find greater export outlets. It provides for parity for that part of the wheat crop used for domestic flour or other human foods, while the remainder of the crop would move into export and feed and industrial markets at competitive prices. The analysis of the bill is as follows: Summary or H. R. 7245 ror Two-Prick or CERTIFICATE PLaN FOR WHEAT WHAT IS INTENDED A. How certificates would be issued to growers: 1. Each certificate would represent 1 bushel of wheat—60 pounds net weight, exclusive of dockage. 2. The value of each certificate would be equal to the difference between full parity .price and, the market -price or loan rate - (whichever is higher) as- determined: at the A305 beginning of the marketing year. It could mever exceed 60 cents a bushel and would remain constant throughout the marketing year. 3. Number of certificates each year would equal amount of wheat estimated to be used for all human food purposes in the United States. 4. Certificates issued to each farm would be that farm’s share of the national domestic consumption for human food, allocated on basis of a percentage of the normal yield of the acreage allotments already established. 5. Certificates would be issued to produ- cers in the form of drafts on Commodity Credit Corporation, cashable at local banks. They would be issued as scon as practicable after the amount of certificates has been determined. Payments would be made out of revolving fund described below. 6. Acreage allotments and normal yields would 1 ot necessarily be changed every year. Possibly revision every 3 or 4 years would he sufficient. Thus, allocation of certificates would remain constant for several years. 7. Growers would not ordinarily be re- quired to seed within allotments in order to receive certificates. Thus, acreage allot- ments would be used chiefly to determine the number o_! certificates a farmer would be entitled to receive. In cases of large sur- pluses, however, it might be necessary to invoke production controls and in this event, farmers should be required to comply in order to receive certificates. 8. Loans would be at about the rate for corn but not less than 60 percent of parity as figured in act of 1948. B. How certificates would be bought by processors : 1. The Commodity Credit Corporation would establish a revolving fund, admin- istered through the Federal Reserve System. Growers would be paid out of this fund and collections from processors would be paid into it. 2. Processors would purchase certificates through member banks in the total amount required to cover sales of flour and other wheat products at the end of each month. 3. Purchases of certificates would be re- quired on manufactured products sold in the domestic market using conversion factors as under the 1933-35 processing tax law. C. Effects of this plan: 1. The price of wheat would be about the same as that for corn and other feed grains and would probably be above the loan rate most of the time? 2. Differentials and relationships would be determined by competitive conditions in the market. 8. Wheat would move freely into livestock feed, expcrts and industrial uses, and mar- ketings would be relatively large. Feeding wheat to livestock would increase and more wheat would be available to processors of Gairy and poultry feed. 4. Growers would shift out of wheat on farms where other crops would be more profitable than low-priced wheat. Incentive to maintain full wheat acreage would be less than with a high price support. 5. Mills would add the cost of the certifi- cate to the cost of the wheat in figuring prices of flour, breakfast food, and other wheat products. The price of bread and other wheat products would thus reflect parity price for wheat. The cost of the cer- tificate, however, could never exceed 1 cent per pound of bread. The total cost of wheat and certificates to processors would be no different than the present program which holds the price of wheat at about parity. Freedom of market movement under a low loan would be a big advantage to mills over the high loan program. Since mills would not need to buy certificates until after the flour is sold, they would avoid having addi- . tional money tied up in raw material be- - tween the time the wheat is purchased and ‘the time the flour '‘is’sold. nos
A3016 Address Before National Milk Producers Federation EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. M. G. BURNSIDE OF WEST VIRGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. BURNSIDE. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I wish to include the following comments which I made to our delega- tion at the seventh congressional dinner of the National Milk Producers Federa- tion on April 17 at the Shoreham Hotel in Washington. I hope this will be help-~ ful, not only to the farmers of my district but to the whole Nation: I believe our thinking, these days, should be along the lines of thrift and economy. Certainly no one can accuse the farmer of having the “gimmies.” He wants to earn his way by the use of his brains and brawn. We should direct our efforts toward produc- tion in the fields where there are no sur- pluses. As fluid milk for instance. In two of the largest cities of my district in West Virginia, Huntington and Parkersburg, there is a real shortage of milk. A very clever magician has just produced, by good tricks, five liquids but it takes old bossie the cow to produce milk. There is, each year in my district, a fine market for early sweet corn. This is a fine field for increased production because if the farmer can market early roast- ing ears he can really clean up, and if he misses this early market, he can still use the corn for feed. The establishment of a new wholesale market in Huntington will be of great value. Farming has formerly been a gamble but the increased use of science has eliminated some of the hazards. I have sent many thousands of scientific bulletins to farmers of the Fourth District, which I hope will be helpful. I call your attention to another matter that is not generally understood by the public. It takes a decline of 6 points in the price paid to the farmer for an item to cause a 1-point decline in the price to the consumer. The difference is duc to the costs of processings, etc. These things are mat- ters of importance, not only to the farmer but to all, regardless of our business or occu. pation, because what affects the farmer affects us all. The Ban on Baseball Broadcasts EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ANTONI N. SADLAK OF CONNECTICUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, with fur- ther reference to the remarks I made yesterday under leave to extend my re- marks I should like to include an edi- torial from the columns of the Hartford Courant (Conn.) of April 25, 1950. Tue Ban on BasEBALL Broapcasts The fury of the scorned woman has been equaled and perhaps surpassed. And that by the baseball fan in this vicinity, who has been denied the pleasure of listening to the broad- cast of a major league game. The familiar cry, “Kill the umpire,” is yielding to “Kill Happy Chandler,” in annoyance at baseball’s high commissioner. If the air waves hereabout were not crack- ling with base hits Sunday, they were blue with fans blowing their tops. It seems that the Springfield club of the International League is against major-league broadcasts while its team is playing at home. It fears that fans might listen to the radio instead of watching the local game. Hence the new rule that no broadcasting outlets within a radius of 50 miles of the Springfield park may carry the games in Boston or New York or Brooklyn. The rule seems to be part of the agreement whereby baseball sells broad- casting rights to radio stations and to the sponsors of the broadcasts. The details of the deal are not essential. The purpose counts. And that is to try forc- ing a bigger attendance at minor-league games. You may be sure of one thing. If baseball’s moguls thought broadcasting cut attendance they would stop selling broad- casting rights. Perhaps a minor-league club does suffer slightly, but even that is doubtful. Our amiable Charlie Blossfield, of the Hart- ford Chiefs, has never invoked the broadcast- ing ban. When he has a good club the turn- stiles click. When he doesn’t, fans stay away. The real fan likes his baseball in the flesh. Many of the complaints Sunday took an interesting slant toward the ban. Fans wanted to know if Chandler thinks he is Hitler or Stalin. How about their right to hear what they want to hear? Other fans swore that they wouldn’t be driven into attending a game in Springfield just because they can’t hear a major-league broadcast. John Fan just won’t be kicked around. The responsible parties in baseball and radio should reconsider the rule. Suppose the Courant, for the sake of getting a bit of advertising income from the Hartford Chiefs, agreed not to report games in other cities, or to exclude from its edition going to cities in the Colonial League all references to the Chiefs. What would the public think? This would raise the question of the freedom of the press. How free is radio when its outlets can be silenced?. Arming of the Arab States EXTENSION OF REMARKS F HON. LOUIS B. HELLER OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. HELLER. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following letter: Hon. ANTHONY F, 'TAURIELLO, House of Representatives, Washington, D, C. My Dear CotieacuEe: I am taking this op- portunity to express to you my deep appre- ciation, as well as my admiration, in your bringing to the attention of the State Depart- ment the alarming situation in the arming of the Arab states by Great Britain. You performed a masterful stroke, which I am sure not only the Jews of this coun- try and the Jews all over the world appre- ciate, but all peace-loving people owe you a debt of gratitude. It was an impressive sight to see 832 Mem- bers of Congress united under your leader- ship in bringing to the attention of the Secretary of State, the Honorable Dean Ache- son, the sentiments of these Representatives, non-Jews as well as Jews, from all parts of the country. In addition, six of the out-~ standing Members of the House, including APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the leader of the Democratic Party in the House, the Honorable Jonw McCormack, who expressed their regret at not being able to accompany the delegation because of im- portant prior congressional engagements, added their endorsement to the protest. Among the Congressmen who went to the State Department were Republicans as well as Democrats who were anxious to join with you in protesting against the shipment of arms to the Arab States by Great Britain. It was fortunate that you visited Israel and the Arab states last fall, where you could see with your own eyes and hear with your own ears what was going on. You very prop- erly visualized the danger of a repetition of @ war between the Arabs and the Jews, with all of its horrible consequences. Ineceed, such a war in the Near Eust, as you indi- cated, might be the spark to start another world war. I have heard many Members of the Con-~ gress express admiration for what you did on this memorable occasion, and therefore I personally want you to know how grateful I am to you for inviting me to join with others in calling on the Secretary of State in this connection. You must also be aware of the fact that the press of the country gave a very favor- able report of this visit to the State Depart- ment. . With kind regards, I am, Sincerely yours, Lovis B. Herurr, Member of Congress. Rivers and Harbors Congress EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. HENRY D. LARCADE, JR. OF LOUISIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Speaker, under authority granted to extend my remarks in the Rxcorp, I wish to submit the re- port of the resolutions committee which was unanimously adopted by the fortieth annual convention of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress held in Washing- ton, D. C., recently. The resolutions committee, of which I served as chairman, consisted of one delegate from each State, Territory, island possession, and the District of Co- lumbia. The members gave careful and painstaking consideration to the mat- ters before them and reached unanimous agreement thereon. This convention was attended by 332 registered delegates from 42 States, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, as well as many others who failed to register, guests, visitors, and so forth. These delegates were from all sections of the country, representing both legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government; State, city, county, and other local governmental agencies and interested groups: com- mercial, waterway, flood control, and reclamation associations; agricultural, labor, industrial, and trade organiza- tions, and transportation interests; with memberships totaling several millions, We believe this unanimous expression of representatives of such different in- terests and pursuits is strong evidence of the general s2ntiment of the people of
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the United States concerning the matters dealt with in these resolutions. (The report follows:) REPORT OF THE RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE TO THE FORTIETH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NatTIonaL RIvERS AND HaRBors CONGRESS, Marc 25, 1950 FOREWORD Fully cognizant of the fact that this Na- tion and its people cannot prosper in the absence of a productive economy stemming from wise development of our natural re- sources; and ever conscious of its obligation to keep its members and the American people adequately informed and to provide the guidance required to insure proper develop- ment and utilization of our water resources to serve the ever present and increasing needs of navigation, flood control, power develop- ment, irrigation, and related uses; the Na- tional Rivers and Harbors Congress at its fortieth annual convention, unanimously adopts the following carefully considered resolutions: WATER AND LAND RESOURCES POLICIES The National Rivers and Harbors Congress recommends to the Congress of the United States that it— 1. Establish a permanent commission in the legislative branch of the Government for the purpose of studying and making adequate research with respect to all matters con- cerned with the development, conservation, and utilization of the water and land re- so~-ces of the Nation; 2. Authorize such commission to employ a staff, who by training and experience are competent to conduct the necessary re- search; 8. Instruct the commission to confer with official Federal and State agencies, and with ovher organizations, including engineering and industrial societies and water use asso- ciations, interested in water and land use and control; 4. Authorize and appropriate sufficient moneys to conduct the work of the commis- sion; and 5. Instruct the commission on the basis of the study and research thus conducted, to recommend to the Congress, from time to time, policies and legislation for the future development, conservation, and utilization of the water and land resources of the Na- tion. AUTHORIZATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK The National Rivers and Harbors Congress is in full accord with the pending legislation in H. R. 5472 which provides for continuing a well-planned program of river and harbor and flood control construction throughout the Nation. The projects contemplated are sound, their economic value has been estab- lished and their submission to the Congress has received the approval of our highest office of review—the Bureau of the Budget. Not- withstanding the merits of this legislation its defeat in whole or in part may be desired by those who are unwilling to admit the poten- tial disaster in a flood-swollen stream; in an unsafe channel; or in a city without elec- tricity during a coal strike. We commend this excellent legislation, destined to foster our national economy, to the Congress of the United States for immediate adoption in the present session. Common sense dictates that it is necessary. APPROPRIATIONS The wealth of our Nation did not come about by accident. Its immense wealth was derived largely from our abundant store of natural resources and the prudent develop~ ment of those resources. We cannot prosper in the future by accident but by continuing proper development of our land and water resources we will make a substantial contri- bution to continued prosperity. Our future rate of development of these resources and the future safety of our people from floods are contingent upon appropriations from the Federal Treasury. Requisite appropriations should naturally be consistent with our na- tional economic conditions but should not be related to the economic status of other nations. Enormous expenditures abroad are becoming less and less popular with many of our people, especially to those who are de- pending on our Government to provide safety from floods. These are the facts that prompt us to urge the Congress to appropriate for Americans the funds which will permit the responsible agencies to develop our resources and build the vital protection works our peo- ple deserve. Now is the time to appropriate for expeditious advancement of these im- provements. BUDGET POLICY The administration’s policy of no new starts expressed in the budget message for fiscal year 1951 gives cause for alarm with respect to the future of river and harbor and flood-control improvements. The items for which money was budgeted were those al- ready started with no provision for starting new projects regardless of necessity and eco- nomic justification. We can only conclude that this policy, regardless of the reasons publicly announced, eliminates the neces- sity for decision as to which areas should benefit first from new projects and should this policy rontinue our river and harbor and flood-control work will come to a standstill in 2 or 3 years. We believe such a policy cannot be accepted as being in the national interest, and we appeal to the Con- gress to remedy the situation now before the full effect of this budgetary restriction is felt throughout the Nation. REGIONAL AUTHORITIES The National Rivers and Harbors Con- gress is cognizant of the strategy of the valley authority proponents of concentrat- ing on a Columbia Valley Administration in the hope that its adoption will provide an- other step in favor of similar administra- tions in all major river basins of the coun- try. We are opposed now, and have been in the past, to the creation or extension of val- ley or regional authorities which are unjus- tified, unnecessary, and in opposition to our democratic principles. We are apprehen- sive lest complacency in this matter will permit the existing agencies to be removed from the field of naiural resources develop- ment with detriment to the interests of the States involved and to the Nation as a whole. We cannot concur in the President’s policy respecting regional administrations as enunciated in his state of the Union and budget messages. HIYDROELECTRIC POWER The President of the United States in his State of the Union and Budget messages to the current Congress emphasized the need for increased production and transmission of hydroelectric power. This Congress has also long advocated increased production of power where its production comes from economically justified projects and is con- sistent with other purposes of such Federal projects. However, we reaffirm our position with respect to unnecessary competition with the private power industry. CORPS OF ENGINEERS We reaffirm our faith in the operations of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army in connection with the planning, con- struction, and operation of Federal improve- ments for navigation, flood control and al- lied purposes. We are unalterably opposed to the transfer of these functions or of the Corps’ organization to the Interior Depart- ment as recommended by the Hoover Com- mission or to any other-agency. Careful and thorough examination of the criticism and recommendations of the Hoover Commission has shown such criticism to be based upon inadequate evidence, half truths, and’ even malicious falsification and its recommenda- - sO in the foreseeable future. A3017 tions are consequently dangerously imma- ture and fallacious. We find the charges of duplication and waste between agencies to be grossly exaggerated and in many in- stances absolutely groundless. We believe the Hoover Commission failed completely to weigh the nationa! defense value of the pres- ent system; the economy of obtaining worthy public improvements and develop- ing experienced military leaders at the same time; and, last but by no means least, the efficiency and excellence with which these functions have been performed for over a century. Under the circumstances we strongly urge that no reorganization of the civil functions of the Corps of Engineers be undertaken and we pledge our untiring ef- fort to combat any such reorganization plan if proposed. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR The Department of the Interior through the Bureau of Reclamation has made notabie progress in its continuing program for rec~ lamation of the arid and semiarid lands of the 17 Western States. We commend the Bureau of Reclamation for this progress and encourage it to continue in the arid areas where the problems obtaining are unlike those in the humid areas of the Eastern States which have flood control and drainage under the Corps of Engineers as a primary consideration with irrigation as an inciden~- tal benefit. The acute problem in the arid western areas has required their concerted efforts in the past and will continue to do We have and will continue to advocate adequate funds for the Bureau of Reclamation to properly provide for irrigation in these western areas. SOIL CONSERVATION We are still confronted with dangerous loss of our cultivable soil and with silt de- stroying the efficiency of the navigation and flood channels of our streams. Fertile slopes are being covered with worthless subsoil eroded from hill lands and a detrimental soil deposit is being laid in the beds of the navi- gation and drainage arteries of the Nation. Notable progress has been made by the Soil Conservation Service but much remains to be done. We urge that funds for soil erosion control under the Department of Agriculture and for major Grainage and channel improve- menis by the Corps of Engineers be made available so as to continue this highly im- portant and beneficial work as rapidly as practicable. TIDELANDS We believe it proper that the several States of the Union be permitted to contribute to the economic prosperity of the Nation through ownership and development of the tidal lands within and adjacent to their boundaries. As long as the States and their people are denied this ownership the develop- ment of these resources is in doubt. We urge legislation to give to them that which appears to be theirs, making their rights subordinate only to the paramount right of the United States to continue with improve- ments for national defense, navigation, and flood control as now authorized or as may be authorized in the future, A MENACE TO WATER-BORNE TRANSPORTATION Our marine transportation industry has prospered under a system of free enterprise whereunder the rights of all concerned to make prices competitive has long been ac- knowledged. We believe this system will be jeopardized by a recent movement, on the part of several railroads, which would tax, by means of higher charges, one group of their customers for the benefit of others. The railroads allege that there is a necessity for relief from section 4 (1) of the Interstate Commerce Act for specific commodity rail rates much lower than rates for short hauls. The contention of the railroads that these rates are necessary to make them competitive “with either existing or potential water com~ petition is not compatible with the general
A3018 increase in rail rates since 1941 of 57 percent while barge rates have actually gone down. This move could contribute substantially to the annihilation of competition from water carriers since each successful rate case is used as a precedential argument for future cases. We appeal to the Congress of the United States to enact legislation to limit the degree to which the Interstate Com- merce Commission can exempt rates under section 4 (1) of the Commerce Act. Only such legislation can assure a reasonable fu- ture for the water carriers of the Nation and & reasonable rate for the shippers along our waterways. Constant defense against such attacks alone is not enough—the help of Congress is essential. AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE The National Rivers and Harbors Congress reaffirms its continued active support of a strong and well-balanced American mer- chant marine immediately available in event of a national emergency and adequate to provide the shipping services essential to our business and agriculture. At present un- favorable economic conditions are being ex~ perienced in our coastal communities and harbor areas by reason of insufficient United States fagships for our armed forces in event of an emergency, commercial travel, and do- mestic skipping, Moreover, shipbuilding and repair employment has reached a low level. The Congress believes that assistance to the American merchant marine can be accom- plished by sufficient Government interest to induce private capital and the maritime in- dustry to expand the present facilities; by fair and adequate Panama Canal tolls, taking into account the actual cost of transiting merchant and military vessels and by accord- ing proper importance to the national de- fense value of the Canal; by reactivation and reinterpretation if necessary by the Congress of the statement of policy contained in the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 respecting the equal importance of the American merchant marine to other components of our national defense structure. FEDERAL BARGE LINES The Inland Waterways Corporation is serv- ing thousands of shippers throughout the Mississippi Valley area. Such service is es- sential to the trade, commerce, and con~ tinued development of this vital section of our country. It has been demonstrated that with modern equipment the Corporation can be operated without expense to the taxpayer, The acquisition of such equipment is essen~ tial for the eventual disposition of the system to private enterprise. Legislation is pending before both bodies of the Congress to pro- vide additional authorization for funds to rehabilitate the Federal barge lines. Hear~ ings have been held on this legislation in which representatives of the valley have tes- tified in favor thereof. The National Rivers and Harbors Congress strongly endorses the pending legislation before the House of Rep- resentatives and the Senate of the United States to rehabilitate the Federal Barge Lines, and requests that the Representatives in the Congress from the valley area use their in- fluence to secure the speedy enactment of this vital legislation. Curtailment of Postal Service EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WILLIAM B. WIDNALL OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, undey ing I received a letter from a constituent concerned with the recent order of Post- master General Donaldson seriously im- pairing the postal service. With this letter was included a Purple Heart medal received by the writer in recognition of his service in the armed forces of the United States. This letter points up the impact of the ill-advised and unwarranted order of the Postmaster General. The people of the United States do not seek or desire impairment of postal service. Economy can be effected in many ways other than reduction in per~ sonnel, The order of the Postmaster General should be immediately rescinded or drastically revised. The letter follows: ApRIL 24, 1950. Congressman Wi.t1am B. WIDNALL, Representative, Seventh Congressional Dis- trict, Bergen County, N.J., Washington, D.C. Dear Sir: I am one of the postal employees affected by the order cutting postal service. I have a wife and child and this order really hurts those in my position. Of course I am rather lucky, I will be allowed to work 3 days & week, but I guess this is in appreciation of the 3 years I spent in the armed forces of my country. Now, sir, my problem is this: If I only work 3 days per week, how am I to pay my bills and feed my family? I have thought of an idea to feed my family for a while. With this letter I am sending you a package which will contain a medal that the Government gave me and since I cannot eat it, I was wondering if you wouldn’t send me some of the surplus food that you have in trade for it. Thanking you for taking the time to read this letter, which I hope will be of some help to the millions of boys like myself, who gave up much of their time, and in some cases, all of their lifetime, to fight for this great and wonderful country, which I am now wonder- ing whether or not is so wonderful after all. Very truly yours, CHEstER H. Forp. Hail to the Lions EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, as a public servant interested in the activities and welfare of his constituents, it is always a source of pride for me to read of the accomplishments of the many civic- minded groups and civic-minded indi- viduals who make up his constituency. By their endeavors in behalf of their respective communities—these people demonstrate that they are ever ready, re- gardless of sacrifice or effort, to discharge their obligations as citizens of this great America, They realize that democracy is a two-way street—that the fruits of democracy cannot be enjoyed unless in turn we give to it of ourselves in full bounty. “ In this wise they prove their American~ _}sm. Through their deeds they advance leave to extend my remarks—this morn ji Americanism and make America strong- APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD er. And, in the ultimate, these are the things by which we give expression to democracy. The men of the Lions Club are, by their civic interest, performing a public serv- ice. I am particularly happy to salute the members of the Lions Club of Nutley who have been outstanding in their con- tribution to their community. For 25 years of real service—on their silver an- niversary—I salute them. Under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include herewith an edi- torial which appeared in the Nutley Sun of Friday, April 21, 1950, entitled “Hail to the Lions”: Hai To THE LIONS Twenty-five years ago the Nutley Lions Club was created under the sponsorship of the Rutherford Lions. This week, as the town club fittingly observes its silver anni- versary, the Nutley Sun hails with respect a record of a quarter of a century of constant service to the community which has marked the Lions activity. By many accomplishments, the Lions have earned the respect and admiration of the town, but two have been outstanding: the annual award of an honorary symbol to the outstanding citizen of the year and the eye- sight-conservation campaign which has done much to help school children take proper care of their eyes. The local citizenship award has served, each year, to center the attention of the town on the generous, successful, devoted activities of some person whose efforts might otherwise go unacknowledged. In all its selections for the honor, the Lions Club has used excellent, impartial judgment. In its eyesight-conservation work, the Lions Club has completed a survey of the third and fourth grades in the town’s parochial and public schools to ascertain whether or not the need exists for an orthoptic clinic. By such an effort, the Lions have underwritten an extremely useful service to the com- munity. Nutley’s 47 Lions are part of an organiza- tion numbering 7,800 clubs and 40,000 Lions in 30 countries around the globe. Our Lions have made an indelible mark upon the. life of our community. Things That Do Not Add EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HERBERT C. BONNER OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. BONNER. Mr, Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rrc- orD, I include the following editorial. Yes; I agree with the editor of the Eliza- beth City (N.C.) Daily Advance. I want to see economy practiced and good ad- ministrative judgment shown by the Vet- erans’ Administration, the Department of Agriculture, and all other Govern- ment departments and agencies. I hope the two instances of bad management as here shown will be corrected and not duplicated in any respect. The editorial is as follows: Tincs THat Do Nor App Congressman Hmrsert C. BONNER, speaking last week before the Northeastern Firemen’s Association in session here, called for the continued sharing of America’s dollars and
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Tesources with the people of Europe and de- clared that keeping up appropriations were necessary in order to keep war away from our door. The Congressman urged his people to con- tinue to bear with the Federal Government in its appropriations. Most of us, the Daily Advance believes, have utmost confidence in Congressman BoyNer and we are willing to continue stringing along with the Govern- ment as far as is absolutely necessary. However, in some cases it is hard to re- main quiet when we read about money that is being wasted by the Government. One such instance came up last week when it was announced that the Army was going ahead with economy plans to close down its $5,000,000 540-bed Murphy General Hos- pital. occupying 93 acres in Waltham, Mass. t¢ was only 6 years old and built of brick, but the Government had no further use for it, Meanwhile, 10 miles away in Boston, work was started on a new $10,000,000 1,000-bed hospital for the Veterans’ Administration. The question we would like to ask is why couldn’t the Veterans’ Administration use the $5,000,000 hospital no longer needed by the Army, thereby saving several million dollars? Another item that merits the public’s at- tention, especially in view of the Govern- ment’s big money spending, was brought to light in last week’s issue of Time. That ar- ticle revealed that farmers could sell all of their corn to the Government for $1.48 a bushel; store it right on their own farms and then buy it back for feed at 65 cents a bushel. Under the plan the farmers had found a perfectly legal right to sell their corn and have it too and make as much as 8&3 cents a bushel in the bargain. , We agree with Congressman Bonner that the United States should do everything pos- sible to share what we have with other coun- tries but wouldn’t it be a lot better if our Government would clamp down on needless expenditures as cited in the two cases above? Being a little more economy minded in the right places might go a long ways to- ward providing funds for foreign aid. At least we wouldn’t have to dig so deep into our pocket. Miss Katharine Lenroot EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. RICHARD BOLLING OF MISSOURI IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, Miss Katharine F. Lenroot, Chief of the United States Children’s Bureau, was honored last week for her long and de- voted service to children. Miss Len- root’s contribution in this field is an im- portant and outstanding one and the award presented to her is certainly mer- ited. I would like, therefore, to include in the Recorp the citation accompany- ing the Survey award, together with Miss Lenroot’s acceptance speech, which have been called to my attention by the Amer- ican Parents Committee: PRESENTATION OF Survey AWARD TO MISS KatTHaRINnge F, LENROOT, CHIEF OF UNITED STares CHILDREN’S BuREAU, By LEONARD W. Maro, CHAIRMAN OF THE AWARD COMMITTEE, AT THE NaTIONAL CONFERENCE OF SocrAL Work, ATLANTIC Ciry, APRIL 24, 1950 Katharine Lenroot, in behalf of the com- mittee rppointed by the Survey, I am happy to present to you the Edward T. Devine Memorial Award and Plaque for 1950. Born in Wisconsin, graduated by the Su- perior State Normal School and the Univer- sity of Wisconsin, and recipient of the de- gree of doctor of laws from the latter in- stitution, deputy industrial commissioner of Wisconsin, special agent in the Children’s Bureau, assistant director of its Social Serv- ice Division, Assistant Chief, and since 1934, Chief of the Bureau, yours has been and is “an imaginative and constructive contribu- tion to social work.” Recipient of citations and other honors both in your own and in distant lands, all bearing testimony to your untiring devo- tion to the children of the world, president of the National Conference of Social Work in 1935, and twice your country’s delegate to the Pan American Child Welfare Congress, this award is made in recognition not only of your unceasing efforts to make more secure the lot of children and youth, but quite as much as a tribute to the unselfish- ness and the humility that has character- ized your sensitive and skillful approach to the multitudinous problems that arise in administering a many-sided and complex program. . We are pleased to honor an eminent leader whose interest and concern are not limited by the bounds of the agency in which she works, but whose commitment is to all chil- dren, their families and their communities, and to all agencies which serve them, both public and private; a social worker who has brought distinction to her profession at home and abroad; and a person whose regard for sviritual values in these days has been amply demonstrated not only in active mem- bership in her own church, but in her pro- fessional and official relations in the cause of children. ACCEPTANCE SPEECH OF KaTHARINE F. LENRooT, CHIEF, UNITED STATES CHILDREN’S BUREAU, AT PRESENTATION OF SURVEY AWARD I recognize that this award is given to me not by reason of any individual contribution; but because for more than a third of a century I have been part of an organization and a movement dedicated to the advance- ment of human welfare through concern for and service to children and youth. Accord- ingly I accept this very great honor, not for myself, but in behalf of my colleagues past and present in the Children’s Bureau and in public and private organizations concerned with children in our own and other coun-~ tries, It is a special joy to accept this award from you, Mr. Mayo, because you have been for so many years a counselor and coworker and because of the leadership you are now giving in the Midcentury White House Con- ference on Children and Youth. As never before, at this midcentury point “recognition is being given to the importance of the child. We sense that if the second half of the twentieth century is to see victory in the struggle between totalitarianism and freedom, children and young people must be aided in every possible way to develop depth of insight, strength of character, and ability to relate themselves effectively with other people. It is for this reason that there has been such widespread interest and partici- pation in the Midcentury White House Con- ference on Children and Youth, and in the international scene in the work of the United Nations and its specialized agencies in be- half of the child. It is with very deep feeling that I asso- ciate this award with the survey and with the memory of Dr. Edward T. Devine. The story of the founding of the Children’s Bu- reau begins with a trip to Washington by Dr. Devine and Lillian D. Wald to enlist the interest of President Theodore Roosevelt in the establishment in the Federal Govern- ment of a bureau concerned with the wel- fare of children and child life. In looking back over the growth of the new profession of social work during the A3019 past 50 years, one finds Dr. Devine and the Survey, of which he was one of the founders, pioneering in social care work, education for sOcial work, social research, community organization, social interpretation, and . 60cial reform. Having its roots in the local community, social work has come to be a matter of major concern to Government as well as to voluntary endeavor. It has begun to find its place in the development of na- tional and international social policy, though its importance is only partially understood and its full contribution is yet to be realized, The impact of social work upon people and civic affairs is both an individualizing and an integrating influence. It always views peo- ple in the light of the uniquéness of each individual and the relatedness of each to other persons, It has drawn upon the Knowledge and skill of many different pro- fessions and disciplines, such as economics, sociology, law, medicine, psychiatry, and education. It has been profoundly influ- enced by religious concepts and motives. Today we see that opportunity for the full development of each child’s personality not only is a test of democracy, but also is the most important means we have for its preservation and further development, This can be accomplished only through personal dedication on the part of all citizens and an outpouring of personal and material re~ sources for advancing our understanding of and service to children, beyond anything hitherto achieved in any country. In such a@ mobilization there must be the fullest possible utilization of all existing resources, both public and private, far greater develop~ ment than we now have of citizen responsi- bility and citizen participation, and cooper- ative planning of a high order for the exten- sion of such services and programs as may be required to assure every child his fair chance in the world. Postal Cuts Indefensible EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, April 26, 1950 Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, far be it from me to criticize the distnguished Postmaster General. He is an out- standing, admirably equipped public ser- vant, capable, experienced, and devoted to the interests of this Nation. He is faced by a heavy deficit in his Depart- ment for the yedr of over one-half bil- lion dollars. Quite naturally he is ener- getically seeking ways and means to cut Gown the size of this deficit. However, the curtailments in service and personnel which have been ordered are, in my opin- ion, very unwise, unsound, and ineffec- tive in remedying the situation confroni- ing the Post Office Department. This great Nation cannot and should not take such a backward step. Postal busincss is greater than ever. The demand for postal service is greater than ever. The need for this service is greater than ever. It is unfair to the people of the country to deny them of this service. It is un- just to very many faithful postal workers to throw them out of work in such arbi- trary, summary manner at a time when _ there is, as T have stated, greater need for their service than ever before.