datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
(1) an evaluation of current Federal law, poli-
cies, and procedures relating to the conversion by
Federal Government employees of their Federal pen-
sion benefits to private sector pension plans upon
the transition of such employees from Federal Gov-
ernment employment to private sector employment;
(2) a discussion of any impediments to the con-
version of Federal pension benefits as described in
paragraph (1);
(3) an analysis of the scoring, under the Con-
gressional Budget Act of 1974, of the conversion of
Federal pension benefits as so described; and
(4) recommendations of the Director for any
legislation required to permit the ready conversion of
Federal pension benefits as so described.
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Director of the Office of
Management and Budget shall consult with the Director
of the Office of Personnel Management and other appro-
priate interested parties in preparing the report required
by subsection (a).
Æ
HR 4840 RFS 
(1) GENERAL RULE.—Except as otherwise pro-
vided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
(2) SAVINGS PROVISION.—If— 
(A) any provision amended or repealed by 
subsection (a) applied to— 
(i) any transaction occurring before 
the date of the enactment of this Act, 
(ii) any property acquired before such 
date of enactment, or 
(iii) any item of income, loss, deduc-
tion, or credit taken into account before 
such date of enactment, and 
(B) the treatment of such transaction, 
property, or item under such provision would 
(without regard to the amendments made by 
subsection (a)) affect the liability for tax for pe-
riods ending after such date of enactment, 
nothing in the amendments made by subsection (a) 
shall be construed to affect the treatment of such 
transaction, property, or item for purposes of deter-
HR 4840 RFS 
mining liability for tax for periods ending after such 
date of enactment. 
Passed the House of Representatives July 21, 2004. 
Attest: 
JEFF TRANDAHL, 
Clerk.
1330(d)(1)), the President, subject to subsection (b), shall
provide relief from imports of the article that is the subject
of such determination to the extent that the President de-
termines necessary to remedy or prevent the injury found
by the Commission and to facilitate the efforts of the do-
mestic industry to make a positive adjustment to import
competition.
(b) EXCEPTION.—The President is not required to
provide import relief under this section if the President
determines that the provision of the import relief will not
provide greater economic and social benefits than costs.
(c) NATURE OF RELIEF.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The import relief (including
provisional relief) that the President is authorized to
provide under this section with respect to imports of
an article is as follows:
(A) The suspension of any further reduc-
tion provided for under Annex IV of the Agree-
ment in the duty imposed on such article.
(B) An increase in the rate of duty im-
posed on such article to a level that does not
exceed the lesser of—
(i) the column 1 general rate of duty
imposed under the HTS on like articles at
the time the import relief is provided; or
(ii) the column 1 general rate of duty
imposed under the HTS on like articles on
the day before the date on which the
Agreement enters into force.
(C) In the case of a duty applied on a sea-
sonal basis to such article, an increase in the
rate of duty imposed on the article to a level
that does not exceed the lesser of—
(i) the column 1 general rate of duty
imposed under the HTS on like articles for
the immediately preceding corresponding
season; or
(ii) the column 1 general rate of duty
imposed under the HTS on like articles on
the day before the date on which the
Agreement enters into force.
(2) PROGRESSIVE LIBERALIZATION.—If the pe-
riod for which import relief is provided under this
section is greater than 1 year, the President shall
provide for the progressive liberalization of such re-
lief at regular intervals during the period in which
the relief is in effect.
(d) PERIOD OF RELIEF.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2),
any import relief that the President provides under
this section may not be in effect for more than 3
years.
(2) EXTENSION.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (C), the President, after receiving an af-
firmative determination from the Commission
under subparagraph (B), may extend the effec-
tive period of any import relief provided under
this section if the President determines that—
(i) the import relief continues to be
necessary to remedy or prevent serious in-
jury and to facilitate adjustment by the do-
mestic industry to import competition; and
(ii) there is evidence that the industry
is making a positive adjustment to import
competition.
(B) ACTION BY COMMISSION.—(i) Upon a
petition on behalf of the industry concerned
that is filed with the Commission not earlier
than the date which is 9 months, and not later
than the date which is 6 months, before the
date any action taken under subsection (a) is to
terminate, the Commission shall conduct an in-
vestigation to determine whether action under
this section continues to be necessary to remedy
108TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4841
AN ACT
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to
simplify certain tax rules for individuals.
108TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4841
AN ACT
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to simplify
certain tax rules for individuals.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Tax Simplification for
Americans Act of 2004’’.
SEC. 2. HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD FILING STATUS CHANGED TO
SINGLE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The following provisions of the In-
ternal Revenue Code of 1986 are each amended by strik-
ing ‘‘head of a household’’ each place it appears and in-
serting ‘‘single head of household’’:
(1) Subsection (b) of section 1.
(2) Paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 2(b).
(3) The table in section 25B(b).
(4) Clause (iii) of section 151(c)(6)(B).
(5) 
Clauses 
(ii) 
and 
(iii) 
of 
section
151(d)(3)(C).
(6) Subparagraph (A) of section 6012(a)(1).
(b) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—
(1) Subparagraph (B) of section 63(c)(2) of
such Code is amended by striking ‘‘head of house-
hold’’ and inserting ‘‘single head of household’’.
(2) Section 1 of such Code is amended—
(A) in the heading for subsection (b) by in-
serting ‘‘SINGLE’’ before ‘‘HEADS’’ ,
(B) in subsection (c) by inserting ‘‘single’’
before ‘‘head’’, and
(C) in the heading of subsection (c) by in-
serting ‘‘SINGLE’’ before ‘‘HEADS’’.
(3) The heading for section 2(b) of such Code
is amended to read as follows: ‘‘DEFINITION OF SIN-
GLE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2004.
SEC. 3. EXPANDED AVAILABILITY OF 1040EZ AND 1040A.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 77 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 (relating to miscellaneous provisions)
is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
‘‘SEC. 7529. DOLLAR THRESHOLD FOR THE USE OF FORMS
1040EZ AND 1040A.
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—An individual shall not be ineli-
gible to use Form 1040EZ and Form 1040A for filing in-
dividual income tax returns on the basis of—
‘‘(1) the amount of the taxpayer’s taxable inter-
est income, or
‘‘(2) the amount of the taxpayer’s taxable in-
come,
so long as the taxpayer’s taxable income does not exceed
$100,000.
‘‘(b) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—In the case of any
taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 2004, the
II 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5008
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
SEPTEMBER 14, 2004
Received 
AN ACT 
To provide an additional temporary extension of programs 
under the Small Business Act and the Small Business 
Investment Act of 1958 through September 30, 2004, 
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That section 2504(f)(1) of title 44, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.’’.
Passed the House of Representatives July 24, 2000.
Attest:
Clerk.
H. R. 4110
One Hundred Sixth Congress
of the
United States of America
AT THE SECOND SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday,
the twenty-fourth day of January, two thousand
An Act
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appropriations for the National
Historical Publications and Records Commission for fiscal years 2002 through 2005.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That section
2504(f )(1) of title 44, United States Code, is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.’’.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
I
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appropriations for
the National Historical Publications and Records Commission for fiscal
years 2002 through 2005.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 29, 2000
Mr. HORN (for himself, Mr. TURNER, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. WALDEN of Oregon,
Mr. OWENS, Mr. GILMAN, Mrs. MALONEY of New York, Mrs. MORELLA,
Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. MCHUGH, Mr. LANTOS, and Mr. PRICE of North
Carolina) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Government Reform
A BILL
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appro-
priations for the National Historical Publications and
Records Commission for fiscal years 2002 through 2005.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR
THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
AND RECORDS COMMISSION.
Section 2504(f)(1) of title 44, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.
Æ
IIB
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JULY 25, 2000
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs
AN ACT
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appro-
priations for the National Historical Publications and
Records Commission for fiscal years 2002 through 2005.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
HR 4110 RFS
That section 2504(f)(1) of title 44, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.’’.
Passed the House of Representatives July 24, 2000.
Attest:
JEFF TRANDAHL,
Clerk.
IB
Union Calendar No. 440
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
[Report No. 106–768]
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appropriations for
the National Historical Publications and Records Commission for fiscal
years 2002 through 2005.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 29, 2000
Mr. HORN (for himself, Mr. TURNER, Mr. BLUNT, Mr. WALDEN of Oregon,
Mr. OWENS, Mr. GILMAN, Mrs. MALONEY of New York, Mrs. MORELLA,
Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. MCHUGH, Mr. LANTOS, and Mr. PRICE of North
Carolina) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Government Reform
JULY 20, 2000
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union
and ordered to be printed
A BILL
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appro-
priations for the National Historical Publications and
Records Commission for fiscal years 2002 through 2005.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR
THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS
AND RECORDS COMMISSION.
Section 2504(f)(1) of title 44, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.
Union Calendar No. 440
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
[Report No. 106–768]
A BILL
To amend title 44, United States Code, to author-
ize appropriations for the National Historical
Publications and Records Commission for fiscal
years 2002 through 2005.
JULY 20, 2000
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
II
Calendar No. 914
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
[Report No. 106–466]
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JULY 25, 2000
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs
OCTOBER 3 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 22), 2000
Reported by Mr. THOMPSON, without amendment
AN ACT
To amend title 44, United States Code, to authorize appro-
priations for the National Historical Publications and
Records Commission for fiscal years 2002 through 2005.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That section 2504(f)(1) of title 44, United States Code,
is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in subparagraph (K), by striking the period
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs:
‘‘(L) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002;
‘‘(M) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
‘‘(N) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
and
‘‘(O) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.’’.
Calendar No. 914
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4110
[Report No. 106–466]
AN ACT
To amend title 44, United States Code, to author-
ize appropriations for the National Historical
Publications and Records Commission for fiscal
years 2002 through 2005.
OCTOBER 3 (legislative day, SEPTEMBER 22), 2000
Reported without amendment
‘‘(c) ELIGIBLE FARMER OR RANCHER.—For pur-
poses of this section, the term ‘eligible farmer or rancher’
means—
‘‘(1) in the case of an individual, a taxpayer
whose gross income from farming (as defined in sec-
tion 464(e)(1)) is 60 percent or more of the tax-
payer’s gross income for the taxable year; and
‘‘(2) in the case of a C corporation—
‘‘(A) the gross income of the corporation
from farming (as so defined) is 60 percent or
more of the corporation’s gross income for the
taxable year;
‘‘(B) the stock of the corporation is not
publicly traded on a recognized exchange; and
‘‘(C) the fair market value of the assets of
the corporation used in farming does not exceed
$20,000,000.
‘‘(d) SPECIAL RULES.—
‘‘(1) ELECTION.—This section shall apply to a
taxpayer for the taxable year only if the taxpayer
elects its application for such year. Such an election,
once made, shall be irrevocable.
‘‘(2) APPLICATION WITH SECTION 170.—No de-
duction shall be allowed under section 170 for a
qualified conservation contribution (as defined in
I
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4112
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to increase the unified credit
against estate and gift taxes to an exclusion equivalent of $10,000,000
and to provide for an inflation adjustment of such amount.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 29, 2000
Mr. EWING (for himself, Mr. GOODLING, Mr. WELLER, Mr. BOEHNER, Mr.
BARRETT of Nebraska, Mr. POMBO, Mr. SMITH of Michigan, Mr. LUCAS
of Oklahoma, Mr. CHAMBLISS, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. MORAN of Kansas, Mr.
FLETCHER, Mr. HAYES, Mr. SIMPSON, Mr. PETERSON of Minnesota, Mr.
CANADY of Florida, Mr. COOKSEY, Mr. JENKINS, Mr. WELDON of Flor-
ida, Mr. MANZULLO, Mr. COBURN, Mr. HOEKSTRA, Mr. SCHAFFER, Mr.
SAXTON, Mr. THUNE, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. SKEEN, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr.
WALDEN of Oregon, Mr. BUYER, Mr. CALVERT, Mr. LUCAS of Kentucky,
Mr. DREIER, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mr. ENGLISH, Mr. BEREUTER, Mr. HUTCH-
INSON, Mr. TIAHRT, Mr. GREEN of Wisconsin, Mr. WHITFIELD, and Mr.
LATOURETTE) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the
Committee on Ways and Means
A BILL
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to increase
the unified credit against estate and gift taxes to an
exclusion equivalent of $10,000,000 and to provide for
an inflation adjustment of such amount.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. UNIFIED CREDIT AGAINST ESTATE AND GIFT
TAXES INCREASED TO EXCLUSION EQUIVA-
LENT OF $10,000,000.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section 2010 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to applicable
credit amount) is amended by striking the table and in-
serting the following new table:
‘‘In the case of estates of decedents
The applicable
dying, and gifts made, during:
exclusion amount is:
2000 .......................................................................
$5,000,000
2001 .......................................................................
$6,750,000
2002 .......................................................................
$8,500,000
2003 or thereafter .................................................
$10,000,000.’’
(b) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT OF UNIFIED CREDIT.—
Section 2010 of such Code is amended by redesignating
subsection (d) as subsection (e) and by inserting after sub-
section (c) the following new subsection:
‘‘(d) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—In the case of any
decedent dying, and gift made, in a calendar year after
2003, the $10,000,000 amount set forth in subsection (c)
shall be increased by an amount equal to—
‘‘(1) $10,000,000, multiplied by
‘‘(2) the cost-of-living adjustment determined
under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year by sub-
stituting ‘calendar year 2002’ for ‘calendar year
1992’ in subparagraph (B) thereof.
‘‘(e) QUALIFIED HEALTH INSURANCE CREDIT AD-
VANCE AMOUNT.—For purposes of this section, the term
‘qualified health insurance credit advance amount’ means,
with respect to any qualified health insurance issuer of
qualified health insurance, an estimate of the amount of
credit allowable under section 35 to the individual for the
taxable year which is attributable to the insurance pro-
vided to the individual by such issuer.
‘‘(f) REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION FOR RECEIPT OF
PAYMENTS OF ADVANCE AMOUNT.—No payment of a
qualified health insurance credit advance amount with re-
spect to any eligible individual may be made under sub-
section (a) unless the health insurance issuer provides to
the Secretary—
‘‘(1) the qualified health insurance credit eligi-
bility certificate of such individual, and
‘‘(2) the return relating to such individual
under section 6050T.
‘‘(g) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe
such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the pur-
poses of this section.’’.
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections
for chapter 77 of such Code is amended by adding at the
end the following new item:
‘‘Sec. 7527. Advance payment of health insurance credit for pur-
chasers of qualified health insurance.’’.
If any amount as adjusted under the preceding sentence
is not a multiple of $10,000, such amount shall be round-
ed to the nearest multiple of $10,000.’’.
(c) REPEAL OF SMALLER SEPARATE EXCLUSION FOR
FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESS INTERESTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 2057 of such Code
is hereby repealed.
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for part IV of subchapter A of chapter 11 of
such Code is amended by striking the item relating
to section 2057.
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall apply to estates of decedents dying, and
gifts made, after December 31, 2000.
Æ
‘‘(4) the term ‘disadvantaged entrepreneur’
means a microentrepreneur that is—
‘‘(A) a low-income person;
‘‘(B) a very low-income person; or
‘‘(C) an entrepreneur that lacks adequate
access to capital or other resources essential for
business success, or is economically disadvan-
taged, as determined by the Administrator;
‘‘(5) the term ‘Fund’ has the same meaning as
in section 103;
‘‘(6) the term ‘Indian tribe’ has the same mean-
ing as in section 103;
‘‘(7) the term ‘intermediary’ means a private,
nonprofit entity that seeks to serve microenterprise
development organizations and programs as author-
ized under section 175;
‘‘(8) the term ‘low-income person’ has the same
meaning as in section 103;
‘‘(9) the term ‘microentrepreneur’ means the
owner or developer of a microenterprise;
‘‘(10) the term ‘microenterprise’ means a sole
proprietorship, partnership, or corporation that—
‘‘(A) has fewer than 5 employees; and
‘‘(B) generally lacks access to conventional
loans, equity, or other banking services;
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by
this section shall take effect on January 1, 2001.
Æ
I
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4114
To require that United States assistance may be provided to the government
of a foreign country only if a treaty of extradition between that country
and the United States is in force, or the government of that country
and the United States have entered into negotiations to conclude a
treaty of extradition.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 29, 2000
Mr. BRADY of Texas (for himself and Mr. MILLER of Florida) introduced the
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations
A BILL
To require that United States assistance may be provided
to the government of a foreign country only if a treaty
of extradition between that country and the United
States is in force, or the government of that country
and the United States have entered into negotiations
to conclude a treaty of extradition.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO PROVISION OF
UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, United States assistance may be provided to
the government of a foreign country only if a treaty of
extradition between such country and the United States
is in force, or the government of such country and the
United States have entered into negotiations to conclude
such a treaty.
(b) 
UNITED
STATES
ASSISTANCE.—The 
term
‘‘United States assistance’’ means assistance of any kind
(other than humanitarian assistance) which is provided by
grant, sale, loan, lease, credit, guaranty, or insurance, or
by any other means, by any agency or instrumentality of
the United States Government.
Æ
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4115
AN ACT
To authorize appropriations for the United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum, and for other pur-
poses.
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4115
AN ACT
To authorize appropriations for the United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
108TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 5009
AN ACT
To extend water contracts between the United
States and specific irrigation districts and the
City of Helena in Montana, and for other pur-
poses.