I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3921 
To combat the sexual exploitation of children by supporting victims and 
promoting accountability and transparency by the tech industry. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 11, 2025 
Mr. MOORE of Alabama (for himself and Ms. GARCIA of Texas) introduced 
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To combat the sexual exploitation of children by supporting 
victims and promoting accountability and transparency 
by the tech industry. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Strengthening Trans-
parency and Obligations to Protect Children Suffering 
from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘STOP 
CSAM Act of 2025’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 2. PROTECTING CHILD VICTIMS AND WITNESSES IN 
FEDERAL COURT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3509 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ‘‘or 
exploitation’’ and inserting ‘‘exploitation, or 
kidnapping, including international parental 
kidnapping’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘physical 
or mental injury’’ and inserting ‘‘physical in-
jury, psychological abuse’’; 
(C) by striking paragraphs (5), (6), and 
(7) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(5) the term ‘psychological abuse’ includes— 
‘‘(A) a pattern of acts, threats of acts, or 
coercive tactics intended to degrade, humiliate, 
intimidate, or terrorize a child; and 
‘‘(B) the infliction of trauma on a child 
through— 
‘‘(i) isolation; 
‘‘(ii) the withholding of food or other 
necessities in order to control behavior; 
‘‘(iii) physical restraint; or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(iv) the confinement of the child 
without the child’s consent and in degrad-
ing conditions; 
‘‘(6) the term ‘exploitation’ means— 
‘‘(A) child pornography; 
‘‘(B) child sex trafficking; or 
‘‘(C) an obscene visual depiction of a child; 
‘‘(7) the term ‘multidisciplinary child abuse 
team’ means a professional unit of individuals work-
ing together to investigate child abuse and provide 
assistance and support to a victim of child abuse, 
composed of representatives from— 
‘‘(A) health, social service, and legal serv-
ice agencies that represent the child; 
‘‘(B) law enforcement agencies and pros-
ecutorial offices; and 
‘‘(C) children’s advocacy centers;’’; 
(D) in paragraph (9)(D)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘genitals’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘anus, genitals,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘or animal’’; 
(E) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
at the end; 
(F) in paragraph (12)— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(i) by striking ‘‘the term ‘child abuse’ 
does not’’ and inserting ‘‘the terms ‘phys-
ical injury’ and ‘psychological abuse’ do 
not’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period and insert-
ing a semicolon; and 
(G) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(13) the term ‘covered person’ means a person 
of any age who— 
‘‘(A) is or is alleged to be— 
‘‘(i) a victim of a crime of physical 
abuse, sexual abuse, exploitation, or kid-
napping, including international parental 
kidnapping; or 
‘‘(ii) a witness to a crime committed 
against another person; and 
‘‘(B) was under the age of 18 when the 
crime described in subparagraph (A) was com-
mitted; 
‘‘(14) the term ‘protected information’, with re-
spect to a covered person, includes— 
‘‘(A) personally identifiable information of 
the covered person, including— 
‘‘(i) the name of the covered person; 
‘‘(ii) an address; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(iii) a phone number; 
‘‘(iv) a user name or identifying infor-
mation for an online, social media, or 
email account; and 
‘‘(v) any information that can be used 
to distinguish or trace the identity of the 
covered person, either alone or when com-
bined with other information that is linked 
or linkable to the covered person; 
‘‘(B) medical, dental, behavioral, psy-
chiatric, or psychological information of the cov-
ered person; 
‘‘(C) educational or juvenile justice records 
of the covered person; and 
‘‘(D) any other information concerning the 
covered person that is deemed ‘protected infor-
mation’ by order of the court under subsection 
(d)(5); 
‘‘(15) the term ‘child pornography’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 2256(8); and 
‘‘(16) the term ‘obscene visual depiction of a 
child’ means any visual depiction prohibited by sec-
tion 1466A involving an identifiable minor, as that 
term is defined in section 2256(9).’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking 
‘‘minor’’ and inserting ‘‘child’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) 
in 
the 
heading, 
by 
striking 
‘‘VIDEOTAPED’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘RE-
CORDED’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘that the deposition be recorded and pre-
served on videotape’’ and inserting ‘‘that a 
video recording of the deposition be made 
and preserved’’; 
(iii) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) in clause (ii), by striking 
‘‘that the child’s deposition be taken 
and preserved by videotape’’ and in-
serting ‘‘that a video recording of the 
child’s deposition be made and pre-
served’’; 
(II) in clause (iii)— 
(aa) in the matter preceding 
subclause (I), by striking ‘‘video-
tape’’ and inserting ‘‘recorded’’; 
and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(bb) in subclause (IV), by 
striking ‘‘videotape’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘recording’’; and 
(III) in clause (v)— 
(aa) in the heading, by 
striking ‘‘VIDEOTAPE’’ and in-
serting ‘‘VIDEO RECORDING’’; 
(bb) in the first sentence, by 
striking ‘‘made and preserved on 
video tape’’ and inserting ‘‘re-
corded and preserved’’; and 
(cc) in the second sentence, 
by striking ‘‘videotape’’ and in-
serting ‘‘video recording’’; 
(iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘child’s videotaped’’ and inserting ‘‘video 
recording of the child’s’’; 
(v) in subparagraph (D)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘videotaping’’ and 
inserting ‘‘deposition’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘videotaped’’ and 
inserting ‘‘recorded’’; 
(vi) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
‘‘videotaped’’ and inserting ‘‘recorded’’; 
and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(vii) in subparagraph (F), by striking 
‘‘videotape’’ each place the term appears 
and inserting ‘‘video recording’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(A)— 
(i) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘the name 
of or any other information concerning a 
child’’ and inserting ‘‘a covered person’s 
protected information’’; and 
(ii) in clause (ii)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘documents de-
scribed in clause (i) or the informa-
tion in them that concerns a child’’ 
and inserting ‘‘a covered person’s pro-
tected information’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘, have reason to 
know such information’’ and inserting 
‘‘(including witnesses or potential wit-
nesses), have reason to know each 
item of protected information to be 
disclosed’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘the name of or any 
other information concerning a child’’ each 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
place the term appears and inserting ‘‘a 
covered person’s protected information’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respec-
tively, and adjusting the margins accord-
ingly; 
(iii) by striking ‘‘All papers’’ and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—All papers’’; and 
(iv) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) ENFORCEMENT
OF
VIOLATIONS.— 
The court may address a violation of subpara-
graph (A) in the same manner as disobedience 
or resistance to a lawful court order under sec-
tion 401(3).’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘a child from pub-
lic disclosure of the name of or any 
other 
information 
concerning 
the 
child’’ and inserting ‘‘a covered per-
son’s protected information from pub-
lic disclosure’’; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(ii) The court shall deny a motion for a pro-
tective order under subparagraph (A) only if the 
court finds that the party opposing the motion has 
rebutted the presumption under clause (i) of this 
subparagraph.’’; 
(D) in paragraph (4)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘This subsection’’ and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(A) DISCLOSURE TO CERTAIN PARTIES.— 
This subsection’’; 
(ii) in subparagraph (A), as so des-
ignated— 
(I) by striking ‘‘the name of or 
other information concerning a child’’ 
and inserting ‘‘a covered person’s pro-
tected information’’; and 
(II) by striking ‘‘or an adult at-
tendant, or to’’ and inserting ‘‘an 
adult attendant, a law enforcement 
agency for any intelligence or inves-
tigative purpose, or’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) REQUEST
FOR
PUBLIC
DISCLO-
SURE.—If any party requests public disclosure 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
of a covered person’s protected information to 
further a public interest, the court shall deny 
the request unless the court finds that— 
‘‘(i) the party seeking disclosure has 
established that there is a compelling pub-
lic interest in publicly disclosing the cov-
ered person’s protected information; 
‘‘(ii) there is a substantial probability 
that the public interest would be harmed if 
the covered person’s protected information 
is not disclosed; 
‘‘(iii) the substantial probability of 
harm to the public interest outweighs the 
harm to the covered person from public 
disclosure of the covered person’s protected 
information; and 
‘‘(iv) there is no alternative to public 
disclosure of the covered person’s protected 
information that would adequately protect 
the public interest.’’; and 
(E) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) OTHER PROTECTED INFORMATION.—The 
court may order that information shall be considered 
to be ‘protected information’ for purposes of this 
subsection if the court finds that the information is 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
sufficiently personal, sensitive, or identifying that it 
should be subject to the protections and presump-
tions under this subsection.’’; 
(4) by striking subsection (f) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(f) VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) PROBATION OFFICER.—In preparing the 
presentence report pursuant to rule 32(c) of the 
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, the probation 
officer shall request information from the multidisci-
plinary child abuse team, if applicable, or other ap-
propriate sources to determine the impact of the of-
fense on a child victim and any other children who 
may have been affected by the offense. 
‘‘(2) GUARDIAN
AD
LITEM.—A guardian ad 
litem appointed under subsection (h) shall— 
‘‘(A) make every effort to obtain and re-
port information that accurately expresses the 
views of a child victim, and the views of family 
members as appropriate, concerning the impact 
of the offense; and 
‘‘(B) use forms that permit a child victim 
to express the child’s views concerning the per-
sonal consequences of the offense, at a level and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
in a form of communication commensurate with 
the child’s age and ability.’’; 
(5) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to 
be appropriated to the United States courts to 
carry out this subsection $25,000,000 for each 
fiscal year. 
‘‘(B) SUPERVISION
OF
PAYMENTS.—Pay-
ments from appropriations authorized under 
subparagraph (A) shall be made under the su-
pervision of the Director of the Administrative 
Office of the United States Courts.’’; 
(6) in subsection (i)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘A child testifying at or at-
tending a judicial proceeding’’ and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A child testifying at a judi-
cial proceeding, including in a manner described in 
subsection (b),’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1), as so designated— 
(i) in the third sentence, by striking 
‘‘proceeding’’ and inserting ‘‘testimony’’; 
and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(ii) by striking the fifth sentence; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) RECORDING.—If the adult attendant is in 
close physical proximity to or in contact with the 
child while the child testifies— 
‘‘(A) at a judicial proceeding, a video re-
cording of the adult attendant shall be made 
and shall become part of the court record; or 
‘‘(B) in a manner described in subsection 
(b), the adult attendant shall be visible on the 
closed-circuit television or in the recorded depo-
sition. 
‘‘(3) COVERED
PERSONS
ATTENDING
PRO-
CEEDING.—A covered person shall have the right to 
be accompanied by an adult attendant when attend-
ing any judicial proceeding.’’; 
(7) in subsection (j)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘child’’ each place the term 
appears and inserting ‘‘covered person’’; and 
(B) in the fourth sentence— 
(i) by striking ‘‘and the potential’’ 
and inserting ‘‘, the potential’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘child’s’’ and inserting 
‘‘covered person’s’’; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(iii) by inserting before the period at 
the end the following: ‘‘, and the necessity 
of the continuance to protect the defend-
ant’s rights’’; 
(8) in subsection (k), by striking ‘‘child’’ each 
place the term appears and inserting ‘‘covered per-
son’’; 
(9) in subsection (l), by striking ‘‘child’’ each 
place the term appears and inserting ‘‘covered per-
son’’; and 
(10) in subsection (m)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘(as defined by section 
2256 of this title)’’ each place it appears; 
(B) by inserting ‘‘or an obscene visual de-
piction of a child’’ after ‘‘child pornography’’ 
each place it appears except the second instance 
in paragraph (3); 
(C) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
any civil action brought under section 2255 or 
2255A’’ after ‘‘any criminal proceeding’’; 
(D) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(C)(i) Notwithstanding rule 26 of the Federal 
Rules of Civil Procedure, a court shall deny, in any 
civil action brought under section 2255 or 2255A, 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
any request by any party to copy, photograph, dupli-
cate, or otherwise reproduce any property or mate-
rial that constitutes child pornography or an obscene 
visual depiction of a child. 
‘‘(ii) In a civil action brought under section 
2255 or 2255A, for purposes of paragraph (1), the 
court may— 
‘‘(I) order the plaintiff or defendant to 
provide to the court or the Government, as ap-
plicable, any equipment necessary to maintain 
care, custody, and control of such property or 
material; and 
‘‘(II) take reasonable measures, and may 
order the Government (if such property or ma-
terial is in the care, custody, and control of the 
Government) to take reasonable measures, to 
provide each party to the action, the attorney of 
each party, and any individual a party may seek 
to qualify as an expert, with ample opportunity 
to inspect, view, and examine such property or 
material at the court or a Government facility, 
as applicable.’’; and 
(E) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘and during the 1- 
year period following the date on which the 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
criminal proceeding becomes final or is ter-
minated’’ after ‘‘any criminal proceeding’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘, as defined under 
section 2256(8),’’; and 
(iii) by inserting ‘‘or obscene visual 
depiction of a child’’ after ‘‘such child por-
nography’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to conduct that occurs before, on, 
or after the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 3. FACILITATING PAYMENT OF RESTITUTION; TECH-
NICAL AMENDMENTS TO RESTITUTION STAT-
UTES. 
Title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in section 1593(c)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(c)’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘chapter, including, in’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘chapter. 
‘‘(2) In’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by 
inserting ‘‘may assume the rights of the victim 
under this section’’ after ‘‘suitable by the 
court’’; 
(2) in section 2248(c)— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(A) by striking ‘‘For purposes’’ and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘chapter, including, in’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘chapter. 
‘‘(2) 
ASSUMPTION
OF
CRIME
VICTIM’S 
RIGHTS.—In’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by 
inserting ‘‘may assume the rights of the victim 
under this section’’ after ‘‘suitable by the 
court’’; 
(3) in section 2259— 
(A) by striking subsection (a) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 3663 or 
3663A, and in addition to any other civil or criminal pen-
alty authorized by law, the court shall order restitution 
for any offense under— 
‘‘(1) section 1466A, to the extent the conduct 
involves a visual depiction of an identifiable minor; 
or 
‘‘(2) this chapter.’’; 
(B) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘DI-
RECTIONS.—Except as provided in para-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
graph (2), the’’ and inserting ‘‘RESTITU-
TION FOR CHILD PORNOGRAPHY PRODUC-
TION.—If the defendant was convicted of 
child pornography production, the’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking 
‘‘$3,000.’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘— 
‘‘(i) $3,000; or 
‘‘(ii) 10 percent of the full amount of 
the victim’s losses, if the full amount of 
the victim’s losses is less than $3,000.’’; 
and 
(C) in subsection (c)— 
(i) by striking paragraph (1) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(1) CHILD PORNOGRAPHY PRODUCTION.—For 
purposes of this section and section 2259A, the term 
‘child pornography production’ means— 
‘‘(A) a violation of, attempted violation of, 
or conspiracy to violate section 1466A(a) to the 
extent the conduct involves production of a vis-
ual depiction of an identifiable minor; 
‘‘(B) a violation of, attempted violation of, 
or conspiracy to violate section 1466A(a) involv-
ing possession with intent to distribute, or sec-
tion 1466A(b), to the extent the conduct in-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
volves a visual depiction of an identifiable 
minor— 
‘‘(i) produced by the defendant; or 
‘‘(ii) that the defendant attempted or 
conspired to produce; 
‘‘(C) a violation of subsection (a), (b), or 
(c) of section 2251, or an attempt or conspiracy 
to violate any of those subsections under sub-
section (e) of that section; 
‘‘(D) a violation of section 2251A; 
‘‘(E) a violation of section 2252(a)(4) or 
2252A(a)(5), or an attempt or conspiracy to 
violate either of those sections under section 
2252(b)(2) or 2252A(b)(2), to the extent such 
conduct involves child pornography— 
‘‘(i) produced by the defendant; or 
‘‘(ii) that the defendant attempted or 
conspired to produce; 
‘‘(F) a violation of subsection (a)(7) of sec-
tion 2252A, or an attempt or conspiracy to vio-
late that subsection under subsection (b)(3) of 
that section, to the extent the conduct involves 
production with intent to distribute; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(G) a violation of section 2252A(g) if the 
series of felony violations involves not fewer 
than 1 violation— 
‘‘(i) described in subparagraph (A), 
(B), (E), or (F) of this paragraph; 
‘‘(ii) of section 1591; or 
‘‘(iii) of section 1201, chapter 109A, 
or chapter 117, if the victim is a minor; 
‘‘(H) a violation of subsection (a) of sec-
tion 2260, or an attempt or conspiracy to vio-
late that subsection under subsection (c)(1) of 
that section; 
‘‘(I) a violation of section 2260B(a)(2) for 
promoting or facilitating an offense— 
‘‘(i) described in subparagraph (A), 
(B), (D), or (E) of this paragraph; or 
‘‘(ii) under section 2422(b); and 
‘‘(J) a violation of chapter 109A or chap-
ter 117, if the offense involves the production 
or attempted production of, or conspiracy to 
produce, child pornography.’’; 
(ii) by striking paragraph (3) and in-
serting the following: 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
paragraphs under subsection (b)(1) of that sec-
tion; 
‘‘(E) a violation of section 2252(a)(4) or 
2252A(a)(5), or an attempt or conspiracy to 
violate either of those sections under section 
2252(b)(2) or 2252A(b)(2), to the extent such 
conduct involves child pornography— 
‘‘(i) not produced by the defendant; or 
‘‘(ii) that the defendant did not at-
tempt or conspire to produce; 
‘‘(F) a violation of paragraph (1), (2), (3), 
(4), or (6) of subsection (a) of section 2252A, 
or an attempt or conspiracy to violate any of 
those paragraphs under subsection (b)(1) of 
that section; 
‘‘(G) a violation of subsection (a)(7) of sec-
tion 2252A, or an attempt or conspiracy to vio-
late that subsection under subsection (b)(3) of 
that section, to the extent the conduct involves 
distribution; 
‘‘(H) a violation of section 2252A(g) if the 
series of felony violations exclusively involves 
violations described in this paragraph (except 
subparagraphs (A) and (B)); 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(I) a violation of subsection (b) of section 
2260, or an attempt or conspiracy to violate 
that subsection under subsection (c)(2) of that 
section; and 
‘‘(J) a violation of subsection (a)(1) of sec-
tion 2260B, or a violation of subsection (a)(2) 
of that section for promoting or facilitating an 
offense described in this paragraph (except sub-
paragraphs (A) and (B)).’’; and 
(iii) in paragraph (4), in the first sen-
tence, by inserting ‘‘or an identifiable 
minor harmed as a result of the commis-
sion of a crime under section 1466A’’ after 
‘‘under this chapter’’; 
(4) in section 2259A(a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘under 
section 2252(a)(4) or 2252A(a)(5)’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘described in subparagraph (B) or (E) of 
section 2259(c)(3)’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘any 
other offense for trafficking in child pornog-
raphy’’ and inserting ‘‘any offense for traf-
ficking in child pornography other than an of-
fense described in subparagraph (B) or (E) of 
section 2259(c)(3)’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(5) in section 2429— 
(A) in subsection (b)(3), by striking 
‘‘2259(b)(3)’’ and inserting ‘‘2259(c)(2)’’; and 
(B) in subsection (d)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(d)’’; 
(ii) by striking ‘‘chapter, including, 
in’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘chapter. 
‘‘(2) In’’; and 
(iii) in paragraph (2), as so des-
ignated, by inserting ‘‘may assume the 
rights of the victim under this section’’ 
after ‘‘suitable by the court’’; and 
(6) in section 3664, by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(q) TRUSTEE OR OTHER FIDUCIARY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) APPOINTMENT
OF
TRUSTEE
OR 
OTHER FIDUCIARY.—When the court issues an 
order of restitution under section 1593, 2248, 
2259, 2429, or 3663, or subparagraphs (A)(i) 
and (B) of section 3663A(c)(1), for a victim de-
scribed in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, 
the court, at its own discretion or upon motion 
by the Government, may appoint a trustee or 
other fiduciary to hold any amount paid for res-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
titution in a trust or other official account for 
the benefit of the victim. 
‘‘(B) COVERED
VICTIMS.—A victim re-
ferred to in subparagraph (A) is a victim who 
is— 
‘‘(i) under the age of 18 at the time 
of the proceeding; 
‘‘(ii) incompetent or incapacitated; or 
‘‘(iii) subject to paragraph (3), a for-
eign citizen or stateless person residing 
outside the United States. 
‘‘(2) ORDER.—When the court appoints a trust-
ee or other fiduciary under paragraph (1), the court 
shall issue an order specifying— 
‘‘(A) the duties of the trustee or other fi-
duciary, which shall require— 
‘‘(i) the administration of the trust or 
maintaining an official account in the best 
interests of the victim; and 
‘‘(ii) disbursing payments from the 
trust or account— 
‘‘(I) to the victim; or 
‘‘(II) to any individual or entity 
on behalf of the victim; 
‘‘(B) that the trustee or other fiduciary— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(i) shall avoid any conflict of inter-
est; 
‘‘(ii) may not profit from the adminis-
tration of the trust or maintaining an offi-
cial account for the benefit of the victim 
other than as specified in the order; and 
‘‘(iii) may not delegate administration 
of the trust or maintaining the official ac-
count to any other person; 
‘‘(C) if and when the trust or the duties of 
the other fiduciary will expire; and 
‘‘(D) the fees payable to the trustee or 
other fiduciary to cover expenses of admin-
istering the trust or maintaining the official ac-
count for the benefit of the victim, and the 
schedule for payment of those fees. 
‘‘(3) FACT-FINDING REGARDING FOREIGN CITI-
ZENS AND STATELESS PERSON.—In the case of a 
victim who is a foreign citizen or stateless person re-
siding outside the United States and is not under 
the age of 18 at the time of the proceeding or in-
competent or incapacitated, the court may appoint a 
trustee or other fiduciary under paragraph (1) only 
if the court finds it necessary to— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(A) protect the safety or security of the 
victim; or 
‘‘(B) provide a reliable means for the vic-
tim to access or benefit from the restitution 
payments. 
‘‘(4) PAYMENT OF FEES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The court may, with 
respect to the fees of the trustee or other fidu-
ciary— 
‘‘(i) pay the fees in whole or in part; 
or 
‘‘(ii) order the defendant to pay the 
fees in whole or in part. 
‘‘(B) APPLICABILITY
OF
OTHER
PROVI-
SIONS.—With respect to a court order under 
subparagraph (A)(ii) requiring a defendant to 
pay fees— 
‘‘(i) subsection (f)(3) shall apply to 
the court order in the same manner as 
that subsection applies to a restitution 
order; 
‘‘(ii) subchapter C of chapter 227 
(other than section 3571) shall apply to 
the court order in the same manner as 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00029
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
that subchapter applies to a sentence of a 
fine; and 
‘‘(iii) subchapter B of chapter 229 
shall apply to the court order in the same 
manner as that subchapter applies to the 
implementation of a sentence of a fine. 
‘‘(C) EFFECT ON OTHER PENALTIES.—Im-
position of payment under subparagraph (A)(ii) 
shall not relieve a defendant of, or entitle a de-
fendant to a reduction in the amount of, any 
special assessment, restitution, other fines, pen-
alties, or costs, or other payments required 
under the defendant’s sentence. 
‘‘(D) SCHEDULE.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, if the court orders the 
defendant to make any payment under subpara-
graph (A)(ii), the court may provide a payment 
schedule that is concurrent with the payment of 
any other financial obligation described in sub-
paragraph (C). 
‘‘(5) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to 
be appropriated to the United States courts to 
carry out this subsection $15,000,000 for each 
fiscal year. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00030
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(B) SUPERVISION
OF
PAYMENTS.—Pay-
ments from appropriations authorized under 
subparagraph (A) shall be made under the su-
pervision of the Director of the Administrative 
Office of the United States Courts.’’. 
SEC. 4. CYBERTIPLINE IMPROVEMENTS, AND ACCOUNT-
ABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BY THE TECH 
INDUSTRY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 110 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in section 2258A— 
(A) by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) DUTY TO REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) DUTY.—In order to reduce the prolifera-
tion of online child sexual exploitation and to pre-
vent the online sexual exploitation of children, as 
soon as reasonably possible after obtaining actual 
knowledge of any facts or circumstances described in 
paragraph (2) or any apparent child pornography on 
the provider’s service, and in any event not later 
than 60 days after obtaining such knowledge, a pro-
vider shall submit to the CyberTipline of NCMEC, 
or any successor to the CyberTipline operated by 
NCMEC, a report that— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00031
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(A) shall contain— 
‘‘(i) the mailing address, telephone 
number, facsimile number, electronic mail-
ing address of, and individual point of con-
tact for, such provider; and 
‘‘(ii) information or material described 
in subsection (b)(1)(A) concerning such 
facts or circumstances or apparent child 
pornography; and 
‘‘(B) may contain information described in 
subsection (b)(2), including any available infor-
mation to identify or locate any involved minor. 
‘‘(2) FACTS OR CIRCUMSTANCES.—The facts or 
circumstances described in this paragraph are any 
facts or circumstances indicating an apparent, 
planned, or imminent violation of section 1591 (if 
the violation involves a minor), 2251, 2251A, 2252, 
2252A, 2252B, 2260, or 2422(b). 
‘‘(3) COMPLAINANT INFORMATION.—For a re-
port premised on a complaint or notification sub-
mitted to a provider by a user of the provider’s 
product or service, or a parent, guardian, or rep-
resentative of such user, the provider shall take rea-
sonable measures to determine what information or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00032
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
material in the user’s account shall be included in 
the report as provided in subsection (b)(1)(A)(vi). 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In an effort to prevent the 
future sexual victimization of children, and to the 
extent the information is within the custody or con-
trol of a provider, each report provided under sub-
section (a)(1)— 
‘‘(A) shall include, to the extent that it is 
applicable and reasonably available— 
‘‘(i) the name, address, electronic mail 
address, user or account identification, 
Internet Protocol address, port number, 
and uniform resource locator of any indi-
vidual who is a subject of the report; 
‘‘(ii) the terms of service in effect at 
the time of— 
‘‘(I) the apparent violation; or 
‘‘(II) the detection of apparent 
child pornography or a planned or im-
minent violation; 
‘‘(iii) a copy of any apparent child 
pornography that is the subject of the re-
port, or all accessible chats, messages, or 
text exchanges that are related to the re-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00033
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
port, that were identified in a publicly 
available location; 
‘‘(iv) for each item of apparent child 
pornography included in the report under 
clause (iii) or paragraph (2)(E), informa-
tion indicating whether— 
‘‘(I) the apparent child pornog-
raphy was publicly available; or 
‘‘(II) the provider, in its sole dis-
cretion, viewed the apparent child por-
nography, or any copy thereof, at any 
point concurrent with or prior to the 
submission of the report; 
‘‘(v) for each item of apparent child 
pornography that is the subject of the re-
port, an indication as to whether the ap-
parent child pornography— 
‘‘(I) is created in whole or in part 
through the use of software, machine 
learning, artificial intelligence, or any 
other computer-generated or techno-
logical means, including by adapting, 
modifying, manipulating, or altering 
an authentic visual depiction; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00034
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(II) has previously been the 
subject of a report under subsection 
(a)(1); or 
‘‘(III) is the subject of multiple 
contemporaneous reports due to rapid 
and widespread distribution; and 
‘‘(vi) any and all information or mate-
rial (including apparent child pornography, 
chats, messages, or text exchanges) relat-
ing to the subject of the report in the ac-
count of a user of the provider’s product or 
service, if the user, or the parent, guard-
ian, or representative of such user— 
‘‘(I) provided the information or 
material in a notification or complaint 
to the provider; 
‘‘(II) indicates that such informa-
tion or material should be included in 
the report; or 
‘‘(III) consents to the inclusion of 
such information or material in the 
report; and 
‘‘(B) may, at the sole discretion of the pro-
vider, include the information described in para-
graph (2) of this subsection. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00035
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(2) OTHER
INFORMATION.—The information 
referred to in paragraph (1)(B) is the following: 
‘‘(A) INFORMATION ABOUT ANY INVOLVED 
INDIVIDUAL.—Any information relating to the 
identity or location of any individual who is a 
subject of the report, including payment or fi-
nancial information (excluding personally iden-
tifiable information) and self-reported identi-
fying or locating information. 
‘‘(B) INFORMATION ABOUT ANY INVOLVED 
MINOR.—Information relating to the identity or 
location of any involved minor, which may in-
clude an address, electronic mail address, Inter-
net Protocol address, port number, uniform re-
source locator, payment or financial information 
(excluding personally identifiable information), 
or any other information that may identify or 
locate any involved minor, including self-re-
ported identifying or locating information. 
‘‘(C) HISTORICAL REFERENCE.—Informa-
tion relating to when and how a customer or 
subscriber of a provider uploaded, transmitted, 
or received content relating to the report or 
when and how content relating to the report 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00036
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
was reported to, or discovered by the provider, 
including a date and time stamp and time zone. 
‘‘(D) GEOGRAPHIC
LOCATION
INFORMA-
TION.—Information relating to the geographic 
location of the involved individual or website, 
which may include the Internet Protocol ad-
dress, port number, or verified address, or, if 
not reasonably available, at least one form of 
geographic identifying information, including 
area code or ZIP Code, provided by the cus-
tomer or subscriber, or stored or obtained by 
the provider. 
‘‘(E) APPARENT CHILD PORNOGRAPHY.— 
Any apparent child pornography not described 
in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), or other content re-
lated to the subject of the report. 
‘‘(F) COMPLETE
COMMUNICATION.—The 
complete communication containing any appar-
ent child pornography or other content, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) any data or information regard-
ing the transmission of the communication; 
and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00037
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(ii) any visual depictions, data, or 
other digital files contained in, or attached 
to, the communication. 
‘‘(G) TECHNICAL IDENTIFIER.—An indus-
try-standard hash value or other similar indus-
try-standard technical identifier for any re-
ported visual depiction as it existed on the pro-
vider’s service. 
‘‘(H) DESCRIPTION.—For any item of ap-
parent child pornography that is the subject of 
the report, an indication of whether— 
‘‘(i) the depicted sexually explicit con-
duct involves— 
‘‘(I) genital, oral, or anal sexual 
intercourse; 
‘‘(II) bestiality; 
‘‘(III) masturbation; 
‘‘(IV) sadistic or masochistic 
abuse; or 
‘‘(V) lascivious exhibition of the 
anus, genitals, or pubic area of any 
person; and 
‘‘(ii) the depicted minor is— 
‘‘(I) an infant or toddler; 
‘‘(II) prepubescent; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00038
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(III) pubescent; 
‘‘(IV) post-pubescent; or 
‘‘(V) of an indeterminate age or 
developmental stage. 
‘‘(I) CHATS, MESSAGES, OR
TEXT
EX-
CHANGES.—Chats, messages, or text exchanges 
that fully provide the context for the report. 
‘‘(3) FORMATTING OF REPORTS.—When a pro-
vider includes any information described in para-
graph (1) or, at its sole discretion, any information 
described in paragraph (2) in a report to the 
CyberTipline of NCMEC, or any successor to the 
CyberTipline operated by NCMEC, the provider 
shall use best efforts to ensure that the report con-
forms with the structure of the CyberTipline or the 
successor, as applicable. 
‘‘(c) FORWARDING OF REPORT AND OTHER INFOR-
MATION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to its clearing-
house role as a private, nonprofit organization, and 
at the conclusion of its review in furtherance of its 
nonprofit mission, NCMEC shall make available 
each report submitted under subsection (a)(1) to one 
or more of the following law enforcement agencies: 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00039
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(A) Any Federal law enforcement agency 
that is involved in the investigation of child sex-
ual exploitation, kidnapping, or enticement 
crimes. 
‘‘(B) Any State or local law enforcement 
agency that is involved in the investigation of 
child sexual exploitation. 
‘‘(C) A foreign law enforcement agency 
designated by the Attorney General under sub-
section (d)(3) or a foreign law enforcement 
agency that has an established relationship with 
the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigra-
tion 
and 
Customs 
Enforcement, 
or 
INTERPOL, and is involved in the investiga-
tion of child sexual exploitation, kidnapping, or 
enticement crimes. 
‘‘(2) TECHNICAL
IDENTIFIERS.—If a report 
submitted under subsection (a)(1) contains an in-
dustry-standard hash value or other similar indus-
try-standard technical identifier— 
‘‘(A) NCMEC may compare that hash 
value or identifier with any database or reposi-
tory of visual depictions owned or operated by 
NCMEC; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00040
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(B) if the comparison under subpara-
graph (A) results in a match, NCMEC may in-
clude the matching visual depiction from its 
database or repository when forwarding the re-
port to an agency described in subparagraph 
(A) or (B) of paragraph (1).’’; 
(B) in subsection (d)— 
(i) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (c)(1)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection 
(c)(1)(A)’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (3)— 
(I) in subparagraph (A), by strik-
ing ‘‘subsection (c)(3)’’ and inserting 
‘‘subsection (c)(1)(C)’’; and 
(II) in subparagraph (C), by 
striking ‘‘subsection (c)(3)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)(C)’’; and 
(iii) in paragraph (5)(B)— 
(I) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘for-
warded’’ and inserting ‘‘made avail-
able’’; and 
(II) in clause (ii), by striking 
‘‘forwarded’’ and inserting ‘‘made 
available’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00041
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(C) by striking subsection (e) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(e) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) CRIMINAL PENALTY.— 
‘‘(A) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for a 
provider to knowingly— 
‘‘(i) fail to submit a report under sub-
section (a)(1) within the time period re-
quired by that subsection; or 
‘‘(ii) fail to preserve material as re-
quired under subsection (h). 
‘‘(B) PENALTY.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A provider that 
violates subparagraph (A) shall be fined— 
‘‘(I) in the case of an initial vio-
lation, not more than— 
‘‘(aa) $850,000 if the pro-
vider 
has 
not 
fewer 
than 
100,000,000 
monthly 
active 
users; or 
‘‘(bb) $600,000 if the pro-
vider has fewer than 100,000,000 
monthly active users; and 
‘‘(II) in the case of any second or 
subsequent violation, not more than— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00042
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(aa) $1,000,000 if the pro-
vider 
has 
not 
fewer 
than 
100,000,000 
monthly 
active 
users; or 
‘‘(bb) $850,000 if the pro-
vider has fewer than 100,000,000 
monthly active users. 
‘‘(ii) HARM
TO
INDIVIDUALS.—The 
maximum fine under clause (i) shall be 
doubled if an individual is harmed as a di-
rect and proximate result of the applicable 
violation. 
‘‘(2) CIVIL PENALTY.— 
‘‘(A) 
VIOLATIONS
RELATING
TO 
CYBERTIPLINE REPORTS AND MATERIAL PRES-
ERVATION.—A provider shall be liable to the 
United States Government for a civil penalty in 
an amount of not less than $50,000 and not 
more than $250,000 if the provider know-
ingly— 
‘‘(i) fails to submit a report under 
subsection (a)(1) within the time period re-
quired by that subsection; 
‘‘(ii) fails to preserve material as re-
quired under subsection (h); or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00043
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(iii) submits a report under sub-
section (a)(1) that— 
‘‘(I) contains materially false or 
fraudulent information; or 
‘‘(II) omits information described 
in subsection (b)(1)(A) that is reason-
ably available. 
‘‘(B) ANNUAL
REPORT
VIOLATIONS.—A 
provider shall be liable to the United States 
Government for a civil penalty in an amount of 
not less than $100,000 and not more than 
$1,000,000 if the provider knowingly— 
‘‘(i) fails to submit an annual report 
as required under subsection (i); or 
‘‘(ii) submits an annual report under 
subsection (i) that— 
‘‘(I) contains a materially false, 
fraudulent, or misleading statement; 
or 
‘‘(II) omits information described 
in subsection (i)(1) that is reasonably 
available. 
‘‘(C) 
HARM
TO
INDIVIDUALS.—The 
amount of a civil penalty under subparagraph 
(A) or (B) shall be tripled if an individual is 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00044
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
harmed as a direct and proximate result of the 
applicable violation. 
‘‘(D) COSTS OF CIVIL ACTIONS.—A pro-
vider that commits a violation described in sub-
paragraph (A) or (B) shall be liable to the 
United States Government for the costs of a 
civil action brought to recover a civil penalty 
under that subparagraph. 
‘‘(E) 
ENFORCEMENT.—This 
paragraph 
shall be enforced in accordance with sections 
3731, 3732, and 3733 of title 31, except that 
a civil action to recover a civil penalty under 
subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph may 
only be brought by the United States Govern-
ment. 
‘‘(3) DEPOSIT
OF
FINES
AND
PENALTIES.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any 
criminal fine or civil penalty collected under this 
subsection shall be deposited into the Child Pornog-
raphy Victims Reserve as provided in section 
2259B.’’; 
(D) in subsection (f), by striking para-
graph (3) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(3) affirmatively search, screen, or scan for— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00045
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(A) facts or circumstances described in 
subsection (a)(2); 
‘‘(B) information described in subsection 
(b)(2); or 
‘‘(C) any apparent child pornography.’’; 
(E) in subsection (g)— 
(i) in paragraph (2)(A)— 
(I) in clause (iii), by inserting 
‘‘or personnel at a children’s advocacy 
center’’ after ‘‘State)’’; and 
(II) in clause (iv), by striking 
‘‘State or subdivision of a State’’ and 
inserting ‘‘State, subdivision of a 
State, or children’s advocacy center’’; 
and 
(ii) in paragraph (3), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection 
(a)(1)’’; 
(F) in subsection (h), by striking para-
graph (5) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(5) RELATION
TO
REPORTING
REQUIRE-
MENT.—Submission of a report as described in sub-
section (a)(1) does not satisfy the obligations under 
this subsection.’’; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00046
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(G) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(i) ANNUAL REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 31 of 
the second year beginning after the date of enact-
ment of the STOP CSAM Act of 2025, and of each 
year thereafter, a provider that had more than 
1,000,000 unique monthly visitors or users during 
each month of the preceding year and accrued rev-
enue of more than $50,000,000 during the preceding 
year shall submit to the Attorney General and the 
Chair of the Federal Trade Commission a report, 
disaggregated by subsidiary, that provides the fol-
lowing information for the preceding year to the ex-
tent such information is applicable and reasonably 
available: 
‘‘(A) CYBERTIPLINE DATA.— 
‘‘(i) The total number of reports that 
the provider submitted under subsection 
(a)(1). 
‘‘(ii) Which items of information de-
scribed in subsection (b)(2) are routinely 
included in the reports submitted by the 
provider under subsection (a)(1). 
‘‘(B) OTHER
REPORTING
TO
THE
PRO-
VIDER.— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00047
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(i) The measures the provider has in 
place to receive other reports concerning 
child sexual exploitation and abuse using 
the provider’s product or on the provider’s 
service. 
‘‘(ii) The average time for responding 
to reports described in clause (i). 
‘‘(iii) The number of reports described 
in clause (i) that the provider received. 
‘‘(iv) A summary description of the 
actions taken upon receipt of the reports 
described in clause (i). 
‘‘(C) POLICIES.— 
‘‘(i) A description of the policies of 
the provider with respect to the commis-
sion of child sexual exploitation and abuse 
using the provider’s product or on the pro-
vider’s service, including how child sexual 
exploitation and abuse is defined. 
‘‘(ii) A description of possible user 
consequences for violations of the policies 
described in clause (i). 
‘‘(iii) The methods of informing users 
of the policies described in clause (i). 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00048
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(iv) The process for adjudicating po-
tential violations of the policies described 
in clause (i). 
‘‘(D) CULTURE OF SAFETY.— 
‘‘(i) The measures, tools, and tech-
nologies that the provider deploys to— 
‘‘(I) protect children from sexual 
exploitation and abuse using the pro-
vider’s product or service; 
‘‘(II) prevent or interdict activity 
by children related to sexual exploi-
tation and abuse, including the post-
ing or sharing of intimate visual de-
pictions; and 
‘‘(III) accurately identify adult 
and minor users. 
‘‘(ii) The measures, tools, and tech-
nologies that the provider deploys to em-
power parents and guardians to protect 
their children from sexual exploitation and 
abuse using the provider’s product or serv-
ice. 
‘‘(iii) The measures, tools, and tech-
nologies that the provider deploys to pre-
vent the use of the provider’s product or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00049
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
service by individuals seeking to commit 
child sexual exploitation and abuse. 
‘‘(iv) With respect to the measures, 
tools, and technologies described in clauses 
(i), (ii), and (iii)— 
‘‘(I) an assessment of their effi-
cacy, including any relevant quan-
titative information indicating when 
and how often they are used; and 
‘‘(II) information on any factors 
that limit their efficacy or create gaps 
in their protection and efforts by the 
provider to address those loopholes or 
gaps. 
‘‘(v) A description of factors that 
interfere with the provider’s ability to de-
tect or evaluate instances of child sexual 
exploitation and abuse and an analysis of 
the impact of those factors. 
‘‘(vi) Information shared by the pro-
vider with users about the risks to children 
on the provider’s product or service con-
cerning sexual exploitation and abuse and 
an assessment of the impact of the infor-
mation on users, including any relevant 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00050
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
quantitative information indicating how 
often the information is reviewed. 
‘‘(E) SAFETY BY DESIGN.—The measures 
that the provider takes before launching a new 
product or service— 
‘‘(i) to assess— 
‘‘(I) the safety risks for children 
with respect to sexual exploitation and 
abuse; and 
‘‘(II) whether and how individ-
uals could use the new product or 
service to commit child sexual exploi-
tation and abuse; and 
‘‘(ii) to determine— 
‘‘(I) the appropriate age for users 
of the new product or service; and 
‘‘(II) whether the new product or 
service will be adopted to commit 
child sexual exploitation and abuse. 
‘‘(F) PREVALENCE, TRENDS, AND
PAT-
TERNS.—Any information concerning— 
‘‘(i) the prevalence of child sexual ex-
ploitation and abuse on the provider’s 
product or service, including the volume of 
child pornography that is available and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00051
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
that is being accessed, distributed, or re-
ceived; and 
‘‘(ii) emerging trends, risks, and 
changing patterns with respect to the com-
mission of online child sexual exploitation 
and abuse. 
‘‘(G) OTHER
INFORMATION.—Any other 
information relevant to child sexual exploitation 
and abuse on the provider’s product or service. 
‘‘(2) 
AVOIDING
DUPLICATION.—Notwith-
standing the requirement under the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1) that information be submitted 
annually, in the case of any report submitted under 
that paragraph after the initial report, a provider 
shall submit information described in subparagraphs 
(C) through (F) of that paragraph not less fre-
quently than once every 3 years or when new infor-
mation is available, whichever is more frequent. 
‘‘(3) LIMITATION.—Nothing in paragraph (1) 
shall require the disclosure of trade secrets or other 
proprietary information. 
‘‘(4) PUBLICATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), the Attorney General and the Chair 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00052
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
of the Federal Trade Commission shall publish 
the reports received under this subsection. 
‘‘(B) REDACTION.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Whether or not 
such redaction is requested by the pro-
vider, the Attorney General and Chair of 
the Federal Trade Commission shall redact 
from a report published under subpara-
graph (A) any information as necessary to 
avoid— 
‘‘(I) undermining the efficacy of 
a safety measure described in the re-
port; or 
‘‘(II) revealing how a product or 
service of a provider may be used to 
commit online child sexual exploi-
tation and abuse. 
‘‘(ii) ADDITIONAL REDACTION.— 
‘‘(I) REQUEST.—In addition to 
information redacted under clause (i), 
a provider may request the redaction, 
from a report published under sub-
paragraph (A), of any information 
that is law enforcement sensitive or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00053
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
otherwise not suitable for public dis-
tribution. 
‘‘(II) AGENCY DISCRETION.—The 
Attorney General and Chair of the 
Federal Trade Commission— 
‘‘(aa) shall consider a re-
quest made under subclause (I); 
and 
‘‘(bb) may, in their discre-
tion, redact from a report pub-
lished under subparagraph (A) 
any information pursuant to the 
request.’’; 
(2) in section 2258B— 
(A) by striking subsection (a) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) LIMITED LIABILITY.—Except as provided 
in subsection (b), a civil claim or criminal charge de-
scribed in paragraph (2) may not be brought in any 
Federal or State court. 
‘‘(2) COVERED CLAIMS AND CHARGES.—A civil 
claim or criminal charge referred to in paragraph 
(1) is a civil claim or criminal charge against a pro-
vider or domain name registrar, including any direc-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00054
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
tor, officer, employee, or agent of such provider or 
domain name registrar, that is directly attributable 
to— 
‘‘(A) the performance of the reporting or 
preservation responsibilities of such provider or 
domain name registrar under this section, sec-
tion 2258A, or section 2258C; 
‘‘(B) transmitting, distributing, or mailing 
child pornography to any Federal, State, or 
local law enforcement agency, or giving such 
agency access to child pornography, in response 
to a search warrant, court order, or other legal 
process issued or obtained by such agency; or 
‘‘(C) the use by the provider or domain 
name registrar of any material being preserved 
under section 2258A(h) by such provider or 
registrar for research and the development and 
training of tools, undertaken voluntarily and in 
good faith for the sole and exclusive purpose 
of— 
‘‘(i) improving or facilitating reporting 
under this section, section 2258A, or sec-
tion 2258C; or 
‘‘(ii) stopping the online sexual exploi-
tation of children.’’; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00055
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘the 
CyberTipline’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘NCMEC’’; 
(B) in subsection (a)— 
(i) in the subsection heading, by strik-
ing ‘‘ELEMENTS’’ and inserting ‘‘INFOR-
MATION SHARING WITH PROVIDERS AND 
ENTITIES
FOR
THE PURPOSES
OF PRE-
VENTING AND CURTAILING THE ONLINE 
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (1)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘to a provider’’ 
and inserting the following: ‘‘or sub-
mission to the Child Victim Identifica-
tion Program to— 
‘‘(A) a provider’’; 
(II) in subparagraph (A), as so 
designated— 
(aa) by inserting ‘‘use of the 
provider’s products or services to 
commit’’ after ‘‘stop the’’; and 
(bb) by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; 
and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00057
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(III) by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(B) an entity for the sole and exclusive 
purpose of preventing and curtailing the online 
sexual exploitation of children.’’; and 
(iii) in paragraph (2)— 
(I) in the heading, by striking 
‘‘INCLUSIONS’’ and inserting ‘‘ELE-
MENTS’’; 
(II) by striking ‘‘unique identi-
fiers’’ and inserting ‘‘similar technical 
identifiers’’; 
(III) by inserting ‘‘or content, 
elements, 
or 
reported 
materials,’’ 
after‘‘ visual depiction,’’; 
(IV) by inserting a comma after 
‘‘location’’; 
(V) by striking ‘‘and any other 
elements’’; and 
(VI) by inserting ‘‘or submission 
to the Child Victim Identification Pro-
gram’’ after ‘‘CyberTipline report’’; 
(C) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in the heading, by inserting ‘‘OR 
ENTITIES’’ after ‘‘PROVIDERS’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00058
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(ii) by striking ‘‘Any provider’’ and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any provider or entity’’; 
(iii) in paragraph (1), as so des-
ignated— 
(I) by striking ‘‘receives’’ and in-
serting ‘‘obtains’’; and 
(II) by inserting ‘‘or submission 
to the Child Victim Identification Pro-
gram’’ after ‘‘CyberTipline report’’; 
and 
(iv) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION ON SHARING WITH OTHER EN-
TITIES.—A provider or entity that obtains elements 
under subsection (a)(1) may not distribute those ele-
ments, or make those elements available, to any 
other entity, except for the sole and exclusive pur-
pose of curtailing, preventing, or stopping the online 
sexual exploitation of children.’’; 
(D) in subsection (c)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘subsections’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00059
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(ii) by striking ‘‘providers receiving’’ 
and inserting ‘‘a provider or entity to ob-
tain’’; 
(iii) by inserting ‘‘or submission to the 
Child Victim Identification Program’’ after 
‘‘CyberTipline report’’; and 
(iv) by striking ‘‘to use the elements 
to stop the online sexual exploitation of 
children’’; and 
(E) in subsection (d), by inserting ‘‘or to 
the Child Victim Identification Program’’ after 
‘‘CyberTipline’’; 
(4) in section 2258E— 
(A) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘elec-
tronic communication service provider’’ and in-
serting ‘‘electronic communication service’’; 
(B) in paragraph (7), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(C) in paragraph (8), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(9) the term ‘publicly available’, with respect 
to a visual depiction on a provider’s service, means 
the visual depiction can be viewed by or is accessible 
to all users of the service, regardless of the steps, if 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00060
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
any, a user must take to create an account or to 
gain access to the service in order to access or view 
the visual depiction; and 
‘‘(10) the term ‘Child Victim Identification Pro-
gram’ means the program described in section 
404(b)(1)(K)(ii) of the Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 
11293(b)(1)(K)(ii)).’’; 
(5) in section 2259B(a), by inserting ‘‘, any 
fine or penalty collected under section 2258A(e),’’ 
after ‘‘2259A’’; and 
(6) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 2260B. Liability for certain child sexual exploi-
tation offenses 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for a provider 
of an interactive computer service, as that term is defined 
in section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
U.S.C. 230), that operates through the use of any facility 
or means of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affect-
ing interstate or foreign commerce, through such service 
to— 
‘‘(1) intentionally host or store child pornog-
raphy or make child pornography available to any 
person; or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00061
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(2) knowingly promote or facilitate a violation 
of section 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, or 2422(b). 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—A provider of an interactive com-
puter service that violates subsection (a)— 
‘‘(1) subject to paragraph (2), shall be fined not 
more than $1,000,000; and 
‘‘(2) if the offense involves a conscious or reck-
less risk of serious personal injury or an individual 
is harmed as a direct and proximate result of the 
violation, shall be fined not more than $5,000,000. 
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to apply to any good faith action 
by a provider of an interactive computer service that is 
necessary to comply with a valid court order, subpoena, 
search warrant, statutory obligation, or preservation re-
quest from law enforcement.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 110 of title 18, United States Code, is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘2260B. Liability for certain child sexual exploitation offenses.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE FOR AMENDMENTS TO RE-
PORTING REQUIREMENTS OF PROVIDERS.—The amend-
ments made by subsection (a)(1) of this section shall take 
effect on the date that is 120 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00062
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
SEC. 5. EXPANDING CIVIL REMEDIES FOR VICTIMS OF ON-
LINE CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION. 
(a) STATEMENT OF INTENT.—Nothing in this section 
shall be construed to abrogate or narrow any case law con-
cerning section 2255 of title 18, United States Code. 
(b) CIVIL REMEDY FOR PERSONAL INJURIES.—Sec-
tion 2255(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘IN GENERAL.—Any person 
who, while a minor, was a victim of a violation of 
section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241(c), 2242, 2243, 
2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 
2423 of this title and who suffers personal injury as 
a result of such violation, regardless of whether the 
injury occurred while such person was a minor, may 
sue’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘PRIVATE RIGHT 
OF ACTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Any person described in 
subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (2) who 
suffers personal injury as a result of a violation de-
scribed in that subparagraph, regardless of whether 
the injury occurred while such person was a minor, 
may bring a civil action’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE PERSONS.—Paragraph (1) shall 
apply to any person— 
‘‘(A) who, while a minor, was a victim of— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00063
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(i) a violation of section 1589, 1590, 
1591, 2241, 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 
2260(a), 2421, 2422, or 2423; 
‘‘(ii) an attempt to violate section 
1589, 1590, or 1591 under section 
1594(a); 
‘‘(iii) a conspiracy to violate section 
1589 or 1590 under section 1594(b); or 
‘‘(iv) a conspiracy to violate section 
1591 under section 1594(c); 
‘‘(B) who— 
‘‘(i) is depicted as a minor in child 
pornography; and 
‘‘(ii) is a victim of a violation of 2252, 
2252A, or 2260(b) (regardless of when the 
violation occurs); or 
‘‘(C) who— 
‘‘(i) is depicted as an identifiable 
minor in a visual depiction described in 
section 1466A; and 
‘‘(ii) is a victim of a violation of that 
section (regardless of when the violation 
occurs).’’. 
(c) CIVIL REMEDY AGAINST ONLINE PLATFORMS 
AND APP STORES.— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00064
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 110 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after 
section 2255 the following: 
‘‘§ 2255A. Additional remedy for certain victims of 
child pornography or child sexual exploi-
tation 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) PROMOTION OR AIDING AND ABETTING OF 
CERTAIN VIOLATIONS.—Any person who is a victim 
of the intentional, knowing, or reckless promotion, or 
aiding and abetting, of a violation of section 1591 or 
1594(c) (involving a minor), or section 2251, 2251A, 
2252, 2252A, or 2422(b), where such promotion, or 
aiding and abetting, is by a provider of an inter-
active computer service or an app store, and who 
suffers personal injury as a result of such promotion 
or aiding and abetting, regardless of when the injury 
occurred, may bring a civil action in any appropriate 
United States District Court for relief set forth in 
subsection (b). 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES
INVOLVING
CHILD
PORNOG-
RAPHY.—Any person who is a victim of the inten-
tional, knowing, or reckless hosting or storing of 
child pornography or making child pornography 
available to any person by a provider of an inter-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00065
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
active computer service, and who suffers personal in-
jury as a result of such hosting, storing, or making 
available, regardless of when the injury occurred, 
may bring a civil action in any appropriate United 
States District Court for relief set forth in sub-
section (b). 
‘‘(b) RELIEF.—In a civil action brought by a person 
under subsection (a)— 
‘‘(1) the person shall recover the actual dam-
ages the person sustains or liquidated damages in 
the amount of $300,000, and the cost of the action, 
including reasonable attorney fees and other litiga-
tion costs reasonably incurred; and 
‘‘(2) the court may, in addition to any other re-
lief available at law, award punitive damages and 
such other preliminary and equitable relief as the 
court determines to be appropriate, including a tem-
porary restraining order, a preliminary injunction, or 
a permanent injunction ordering the defendant to 
cease the offending conduct. 
‘‘(c) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—There shall be no 
time limit for the filing of a complaint commencing an 
action under subsection (a). 
‘‘(d) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00066
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(1) VENUE.—Any action brought under sub-
section (a) may be brought in the district court of 
the United States that meets applicable require-
ments relating to venue under section 1391 of title 
28. 
‘‘(2) SERVICE
OF
PROCESS.—In an action 
brought under subsection (a), process may be served 
in any district in which the defendant— 
‘‘(A) is an inhabitant; or 
‘‘(B) may be found. 
‘‘(e) RELATION TO SECTION 230 OF THE COMMU-
NICATIONS ACT OF 1934.—Nothing in section 230 of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230) shall be 
construed to impair or limit any claim brought under sub-
section (a). 
‘‘(f) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
‘‘(1) APPLICABILITY TO LEGAL PROCESS OR OB-
LIGATION.—Nothing in this section shall be con-
strued to apply to any good faith action that is nec-
essary to comply with a valid court order, subpoena, 
search warrant, statutory obligation, or preservation 
request from law enforcement. 
‘‘(2) APPLICATION OF SECTION 2258B.—A civil 
action brought under subsection (a) shall be subject 
to section 2258B. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00067
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(g) ENCRYPTION TECHNOLOGIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—None of the following ac-
tions or circumstances shall serve as an independent 
basis for liability under subsection (a): 
‘‘(A) Utilizing full end-to-end encrypted 
messaging services, device encryption, or other 
encryption services. 
‘‘(B) Not possessing the information nec-
essary to decrypt a communication. 
‘‘(C) Failing to take an action that would 
otherwise undermine the ability to offer full 
end-to-end encrypted messaging services, device 
encryption, or other encryption services. 
‘‘(2) CONSIDERATION OF EVIDENCE.—Evidence 
of actions or circumstances described in paragraph 
(1) shall be admissible in a civil action brought 
under subsection (a) if— 
‘‘(A) the actions or circumstances are rel-
evant under rules 401 and 402 of the Federal 
Rules of Evidence to— 
‘‘(i) prove motive, intent, preparation, 
plan, absence of mistake, or lack of acci-
dent; or 
‘‘(ii) rebut any evidence or factual or 
legal claim; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00068
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(B) the actions or circumstances— 
‘‘(i) are otherwise admissible under 
the Federal Rules of Evidence; and 
‘‘(ii) are not subject to exclusion 
under rule 403 or any other rule of the 
Federal Rules of Evidence. 
‘‘(3) NO EFFECT ON DISCOVERY.—Nothing in 
paragraph (1) or (2) shall be construed to create a 
defense to a discovery request or otherwise limit or 
affect discovery in any civil action brought under 
subsection (a). 
‘‘(h) DEFENSE.—In a civil action under subsection 
(a)(2) involving knowing or reckless conduct, it shall be 
a defense at trial, which the provider of an interactive 
computer service must establish by a preponderance of the 
evidence as determined by the finder of fact, that— 
‘‘(1) the provider disabled access to or removed 
the child pornography within a reasonable time-
frame, and in any event not later than 48 hours 
after obtaining knowledge that the child pornog-
raphy was being hosted, stored, or made available by 
the provider (or, in the case of a provider that, for 
the most recent calendar year, averaged fewer than 
10,000,000 active users on a monthly basis in the 
United States, within a reasonable timeframe, and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00069
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
in any event not later than 2 business days after ob-
taining such knowledge); 
‘‘(2) the provider exercised a reasonable, good 
faith effort to disable access to or remove the child 
pornography but was unable to do so for reasons 
outside the provider’s control; or 
‘‘(3) it is technologically impossible for the pro-
vider to disable access to or remove the child por-
nography without compromising encryption tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(i) SANCTIONS FOR REPEATED BAD FAITH CIVIL 
ACTIONS OR DEFENSES.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) BAD FAITH CIVIL ACTION.—The term 
‘bad faith civil action’ means a civil action 
brought under subsection (a) in bad faith where 
the finder of fact determines that at the time 
the civil action was filed, the party, attorney, or 
law firm described in paragraph (2) had actual 
knowledge that— 
‘‘(i) the alleged conduct did not in-
volve any minor; or 
‘‘(ii) the alleged child pornography did 
not depict— 
‘‘(I) any minor; or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00070
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(II) sexually explicit conduct, 
sexual suggestiveness, full or partial 
nudity, or implied sexual activity. 
‘‘(B) BAD
FAITH
DEFENSE.—The term 
‘bad faith defense’ means a defense in a civil 
action brought under subsection (a) raised in 
bad faith where the finder of fact determines 
that at the time the defense was raised, the 
party, attorney, or law firm described in para-
graph (3) had actual knowledge that the de-
fense— 
‘‘(i) was made solely for the purpose 
of delaying the civil action or increasing 
the costs of the civil action; or 
‘‘(ii) was objectively baseless in light 
of the applicable law or facts at issue. 
‘‘(2) BAD FAITH CIVIL ACTION.—In the case of 
a civil action brought under subsection (a), the court 
may impose sanctions on— 
‘‘(A) the party bringing the civil action if 
the court finds that the party has brought 2 or 
more bad faith civil actions (which may include 
the instant civil action); or 
‘‘(B) an attorney or law firm representing 
the party bringing the civil action if the court 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00071
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
finds that the attorney or law firm has rep-
resented— 
‘‘(i) a party who has brought 2 or 
more bad faith civil actions (which may in-
clude the instant civil action); or 
‘‘(ii) 2 or more parties who have each 
brought a bad faith civil action (which may 
include the instant civil action). 
‘‘(3) BAD FAITH DEFENSE.—In the case of a 
civil action brought under subsection (a), the court 
may impose sanctions on— 
‘‘(A) the party defending the civil action if 
the court finds that the party has raised 2 or 
more bad faith defenses (which may include 1 
or more defenses raised in the instant civil ac-
tion); or 
‘‘(B) an attorney or law firm representing 
the party defending the civil action if the court 
finds that the attorney or law firm has rep-
resented— 
‘‘(i) a party who has raised 2 or more 
bad faith defenses (which may include 1 or 
more defenses raised in the instant civil ac-
tion); or 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
03:43 Jun 13, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00072
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3921.IH
H3921
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS