(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), obligated service under para-
graph (1) shall begin not later than 60 days 
after the individual obtains the educational de-
gree for which the scholarship was provided. 
(B) DEFERRAL.—The Secretary may defer 
the obligation of an individual to provide a pe-
riod of service under paragraph (1) if the Sec-
retary determines that such a deferral is appro-
priate. The Secretary shall prescribe the terms 
and conditions under which a service obligation 
may be deferred through regulation. 
(g) PENALTIES
FOR
BREACH
OF
SCHOLARSHIP 
AGREEMENT.—
(1) FAILURE
TO
COMPLETE
ACADEMIC
TRAIN-
ING.—Scholarship recipients who fail to maintain a 
high level of academic standing, as defined by the 
Secretary by regulation, who are dismissed from their 
educational institutions for disciplinary reasons, or 
who voluntarily terminate academic training before 
graduation from the educational program for which 
the scholarship was awarded, shall be in breach of 
their contractual agreement and, in lieu of any serv-
ice obligation arising under such agreement, shall be 
liable to the United States for repayment not later
than 1 year after the date of default of all scholarship 
funds paid to them and to the institution of higher 
education on their behalf under the agreement, except 
as provided in subsection (h)(2). The repayment pe-
riod may be extended by the Secretary when deter-
mined to be necessary, as established by regulation. 
(2) FAILURE TO BEGIN OR COMPLETE THE SERV-
ICE OBLIGATION OR MEET THE TERMS AND CONDI-
TIONS OF DEFERMENT.—A scholarship recipient who, 
for any reason, fails to begin or complete a service ob-
ligation under this section after completion of aca-
demic training, or fails to comply with the terms and 
conditions of deferment established by the Secretary 
pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(B), shall be in breach of 
the contractual agreement. When a recipient breaches 
an agreement for the reasons stated in the preceding 
sentence, the recipient shall be liable to the United 
States for an amount equal to—
(A) the total amount of scholarships re-
ceived by such individual under this section; 
plus 
(B) the interest on the amounts of such 
awards which would be payable if at the time 
the awards were received they were loans bearing 
interest at the maximum legal prevailing rate,
as determined by the Treasurer of the United 
States, 
multiplied by 3. 
(h) WAIVER OR SUSPENSION OF OBLIGATION.—
(1) DEATH OF INDIVIDUAL.—Any obligation of 
an individual incurred under the Program (or a con-
tractual agreement thereunder) for service or payment 
shall be canceled upon the death of the individual. 
(2) IMPOSSIBILITY
OR
EXTREME
HARDSHIP.—
The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the par-
tial or total waiver or suspension of any obligation 
of service or payment incurred by an individual 
under the Program (or a contractual agreement there-
under) whenever compliance by the individual is im-
possible or would involve extreme hardship to the in-
dividual, or if enforcement of such obligation with re-
spect to the individual would be contrary to the best 
interests of the Government. 
(i) DEFINITIONS.—In this section the following defini-
tions apply: 
(1) COST OF ATTENDANCE.—The term ‘‘cost of 
attendance’’ has the meaning given that term in sec-
tion 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1087ll).
(2) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means the 
Science and Technology Scholarship Program estab-
lished under this section. 
SEC. 108. OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFOR-
MATION. 
The Secretary shall maintain within the Department 
the Office of Scientific and Technical Information. 
SEC. 109. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PILOT PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT
OF
CONSORTIUM.—Notwith-
standing section 203, the Secretary shall award a grant to 
Oak Ridge Associated Universities to establish a university 
consortium to carry out a regional pilot program for en-
hancing scientific, technological, engineering, and mathe-
matical literacy, creativity, and decisionmaking. The con-
sortium shall include leading research universities, one or 
more universities that train substantial numbers of elemen-
tary and secondary school teachers, and, where appropriate, 
National Laboratories. 
(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The program shall in-
clude—
(1) expanding strategic, formal partnerships 
among universities with strength in research, univer-
sities that train substantial numbers of elementary 
and secondary school teachers, and the private sector;
(2) combining Department expertise with one or 
more National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion Educator Resource Centers; 
(3) developing programs to permit current and 
future teachers to participate in ongoing research 
projects at National Laboratories and research uni-
versities and to adapt lessons learned to the class-
room; 
(4) designing and implementing course work; 
(5) designing and implementing a strategy for 
measuring and assessing progress under the program; 
and 
(6) developing models for transferring knowledge 
gained under the pilot program to other institutions 
and areas of the country. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after appropria-
tions are first available for the program, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a report outlining lessons learned and 
containing a plan for expanding the program nationwide. 
The Secretary may begin implementation of such plan for 
expansion of the program on October 1, 2008. The expan-
sion of the program shall be subject to section 203. 
SEC. 110. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts authorized 
to be appropriated under the 21st Century Nanotechnology
Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) and 
the Department of Energy High-End Computing Revital-
ization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5541 et seq.), the following 
sums are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for 
the purposes of carrying out this title: 
(1) For fiscal year 2006, $3,785,000,000. 
(2) For fiscal year 2007, $4,153,000,000. 
(3) For fiscal year 2008, $4,628,000,000. 
(4) For fiscal year 2009, $5,300,000,000. 
(5) For fiscal year 2010, $5,800,000,000. 
(b) 2006 ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a)(1), the following sums are authorized 
for fiscal year 2006: 
(1) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY.—For activities under sec-
tion 102, $100,000,000. 
(2) 
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING.—For 
activities 
under section 105, $252,000,000. 
(3) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES.—For activities 
under section 106, excluding activities under sub-
section (c) of that section, $335,000,000. 
(4) SCHOLARSHIP.—For the scholarship program 
described in section 107, $800,000. 
(5) OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL IN-
FORMATION.—For 
activities 
under 
section 
108, 
$7,000,000.
(6) PILOT PROGRAM.—For activities under sec-
tion 109, $4,000,000. 
(c) 2007 ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a)(2), the following sums are authorized 
for fiscal year 2007: 
(1) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY.—For activities under sec-
tion 102, such sums as may be necessary. 
(2) 
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING.—For 
activities 
under section 105, $270,000,000. 
(3) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES.—For activities 
under section 106, excluding activities under sub-
section (c) of that section, $349,000,000. 
(4) SCHOLARSHIP.—For the scholarship program 
described in section 107, $1,600,000. 
(5) OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL IN-
FORMATION.—For 
activities 
under 
section 
108, 
$7,500,000. 
(6) PILOT PROGRAM.—For activities under sec-
tion 109, $4,000,000. 
(d) 2008 ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a)(3), the following sums are authorized 
for fiscal year 2008: 
(1) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY.—For activities under sec-
tion 102, such sums as may be necessary.
(2) 
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING.—For 
activities 
under section 105, $350,000,000. 
(3) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES.—For activities 
under section 106, excluding activities under sub-
section (c) of that section, $362,000,000. 
(4) SCHOLARSHIP.—For the scholarship program 
described in section 107, $2,000,000. 
(5) OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL IN-
FORMATION.—For 
activities 
under 
section 
108, 
$8,000,000. 
(6) PILOT PROGRAM.—For activities under sec-
tion 109, $4,000,000. 
(e) 2009 ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a)(4), the following sums are authorized 
for fiscal year 2009: 
(1) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY.—For activities under sec-
tion 102, such sums as may be necessary. 
(2) 
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING.—For 
activities 
under section 105, $375,000,000. 
(3) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES.—For activities 
under section 106, excluding activities under sub-
section (c) of that section, $377,000,000. 
(4) SCHOLARSHIP.—For the scholarship program 
described in section 107, $2,000,000.
(5) OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL IN-
FORMATION.—For 
activities 
under 
section 
108, 
$8,000,000. 
(6) PILOT PROGRAM.—For activities under sec-
tion 109, $8,000,000. 
(f) 2010 ALLOCATIONS.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a)(5), the following sums are authorized 
for fiscal year 2010: 
(1) SYSTEMS BIOLOGY.—For activities under sec-
tion 102, such sums as may be necessary. 
(2) 
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING.—For 
activities 
under section 105, $400,000,000. 
(3) FUSION ENERGY SCIENCES.—For activities 
under section 106, excluding activities under sub-
section (c) of that section, $393,000,000. 
(4) SCHOLARSHIP.—For the scholarship program 
described in section 107, $2,000,000. 
(5) OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL IN-
FORMATION.—For 
activities 
under 
section 
108, 
$8,500,000. 
(6) PILOT PROGRAM.—For activities under sec-
tion 109, $8,000,000. 
(g) ITER CONSTRUCTION.—From amounts authorized 
under subsection (a) and in addition to amounts authorized 
under subsections (b)(3), (c)(3), (d)(3), (e)(3), and (f)(3),
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
such sums as may be necessary for ITER construction, con-
sistent with the limitations of section 106(c). 
TITLE II—RESEARCH ADMINIS-
TRATION AND OPERATIONS 
SEC. 201. COST SHARING. 
(a) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—Except as other-
wise provided in this Act, for research and development pro-
grams carried out under this Act, the Secretary shall re-
quire a commitment from non-Federal sources of at least 
20 percent of the cost of the project. The Secretary may re-
duce or eliminate the non-Federal requirement under this 
subsection if the Secretary determines that the research and 
development is of a basic or fundamental nature. 
(b) DEMONSTRATION
AND
COMMERCIAL
APPLICA-
TION.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the Sec-
retary shall require at least 50 percent of the costs related 
to any demonstration or commercial application activities 
under this Act to be provided from non-Federal sources. The 
Secretary may reduce the non-Federal requirement under 
this subsection if the Secretary determines that the reduc-
tion is necessary and appropriate considering the techno-
logical risks involved in the project and is necessary to meet 
the objectives of this Act.
(c) CALCULATION
OF AMOUNT.—In calculating the 
amount of the non-Federal commitment under subsection 
(a) or (b), the Secretary may include personnel, services, 
equipment, and other resources. 
(d) SIZE OF NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—The Secretary 
may consider the amount of the non-Federal share in select-
ing projects under this Act. 
SEC. 202. REPROGRAMMING. 
(a) DISTRIBUTION REPORT.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of an Act appropriating 
amounts authorized under this Act, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a report explaining how such amounts 
will be distributed among the activities authorized by this 
Act. 
(b) REPROGRAMMING LETTER.—No amount author-
ized by this Act shall be obligated or expended for a purpose 
inconsistent with the appropriations Act appropriating 
such amount, the report accompanying such appropriations 
Act, or a distribution report transmitted under subsection 
(a) if such obligation or expenditure would change an indi-
vidual amount, as represented in such an Act, report, or 
distribution report, by more than 2 percent or $2,000,000, 
whichever is smaller, unless the Secretary has transmitted 
to Congress a letter of explanation and a period of 30 days 
has elapsed after Congress receives the letter.
(c) COMPUTATION.—The computation of the 30-day 
period described in subsection (b) shall exclude any day on 
which either House of Congress is not in session because 
of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain. 
SEC. 203. MERIT-BASED COMPETITION. 
(a) COMPETITIVE MERIT REVIEW.—Awardees of funds 
authorized under this Act shall be selected through open 
competitions. Funds shall be competitively awarded only 
after an impartial review of the scientific and technical 
merit of the proposals for such awards has been carried out 
by or for the Department on the basis of criteria outlined 
by the Secretary in the solicitation of proposals. 
(b) COMPETITION.—Competitive awards under this 
Act shall involve competitions open to all qualified entities 
within one or more of the following categories: 
(1) Institutions of higher education. 
(2) National Laboratories. 
(3) Nonprofit and for-profit private entities. 
(4) State and local governments. 
(5) Consortia of entities described in paragraphs 
(1) through (4). 
(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—The Secretary 
shall notify Congress within 30 days after awarding more 
than $500,000 through a competition described in sub-
section (b) that is limited to 1 of the categories described 
in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b). 
(d) WAIVERS.—The Secretary may waive the require-
ment under subsection (a) requiring competition if the Sec-
retary considers it necessary to more quickly advance re-
search, development, demonstration, or commercial applica-
tion activities. The Secretary shall notify Congress within 
30 days when a waiver is granted under this subsection. 
The Secretary may not delegate the waiver authority under 
this subsection for awards over $500,000. 
SEC. 204. EXTERNAL TECHNICAL REVIEW OF DEPART-
MENTAL PROGRAMS. 
(a) NATIONAL APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
one or more advisory committees to review and advise 
the Department’s applied programs in the following 
areas: 
(A) Energy efficiency. 
(B) Renewable energy. 
(C) Nuclear energy. 
(D) Fossil energy. 
(2) EXISTING ADVISORY COMMITTEES.—The Sec-
retary may designate an existing advisory committee
within the Department to fulfill the responsibilities of 
an advisory committee under this subsection. 
(b) OFFICE OF SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEES.—
(1) USE OF EXISTING COMMITTEES.—Except as 
otherwise provided under the Federal Advisory Com-
mittee Act, the Secretary shall continue to use the sci-
entific program advisory committees chartered under 
the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) 
by the Office of Science to oversee research and devel-
opment programs under that Office. 
(2) REPORT.—Before the Department issues any 
new guidance regarding the membership for Office of 
Science scientific program advisory committees, the 
Secretary shall transmit a report to the Congress out-
lining the reasons for the proposed changes, and 60 
days must have elapsed after transmittal of the report 
before the Department may implement those changes. 
(3) SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be a 
Science Advisory Committee for the Office of 
Science that includes the chairs of each of the ad-
visory committees described in paragraph (1). 
(B) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Science Advi-
sory Committee shall—
(i) advise the Director of the Office of 
Science on science issues; 
(ii) advise the Director of the Office of 
Science with respect to the well-being and 
management of the National Laboratories 
and Department research facilities; 
(iii) advise the Director of the Office of 
Science with respect to education and work-
force training activities required for effec-
tive short-term and long-term basic and ap-
plied research activities of the Office of 
Science; and 
(iv) advise the Director of the Office of 
Science with respect to the well-being of the 
university research programs supported by 
the Office of Science. 
(c) MEMBERSHIP.—Each member of an advisory com-
mittee appointed under this section shall have significant 
scientific, technical, or other appropriate expertise. The 
membership of each committee shall represent a wide range 
of expertise, including, to the extent practicable, members 
with expertise from outside the disciplines covered by the 
program, and a diverse set of interests. 
(d) MEETINGS AND PURPOSES.—Each advisory com-
mittee under this section shall meet at least semiannually
to review and advise on the progress made by the respective 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial ap-
plication program or programs. The advisory committee 
shall also review the measurable cost and performance-based 
goals for the applied programs, and the progress on meeting 
such goals. 
(e) REVIEW
AND ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 6 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall enter into arrangements with the National Academy 
of Sciences to conduct reviews and assessments of the pro-
grams authorized by this Act, the measurable cost and per-
formance-based goals for the applied programs, and the 
progress in meeting such goals. Such reviews and assess-
ments shall be completed and reports containing the results 
of all such reviews and assessments transmitted to the Con-
gress not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act. 
SEC. 205. COMPETITIVE AWARD OF MANAGEMENT CON-
TRACTS. 
None of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary by this Act may be used to award a management 
and operating contract for a National Laboratory (exclud-
ing those named in subparagraphs (G), (H), (N), (O) of 
section 2(6)), unless such contract is competitively awarded, 
or the Secretary grants, on a case-by-case basis, a waiver.
The Secretary may not delegate the authority to grant such 
a waiver and shall submit to the Congress a report noti-
fying it of the waiver, and setting forth the reasons for the 
waiver, at least 60 days prior to the date of the award of 
such contract. 
SEC. 206. NATIONAL LABORATORY DESIGNATION. 
After the date of enactment of this Act the Secretary 
shall not designate a facility that is not referred to in sec-
tion 2(6) as a National Laboratory. 
SEC. 207. REPORT ON EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 
PRACTICES. 
Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a report on the equal employment op-
portunity practices at National Laboratories. Such report 
shall include—
(1) a thorough review of each laboratory contrac-
tor’s equal employment opportunity policies, includ-
ing promotion to management and professional posi-
tions and pay raises; 
(2) a statistical report on complaints and their 
disposition in the laboratories; 
(3) a description of how equal employment op-
portunity practices at the laboratories are treated in
the contract and in calculating award fees for each 
contractor; 
(4) a summary of disciplinary actions and their 
disposition by either the Department or the relevant 
contractors for each laboratory; 
(5) a summary of outreach efforts to attract 
women and minorities to the laboratories; 
(6) a summary of efforts to retain women and 
minorities in the laboratories; and 
(7) a summary of collaboration efforts with the 
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs to 
improve equal employment opportunity practices at 
the laboratories. 
SEC. 208. USER FACILITY BEST PRACTICES PLAN. 
The Secretary shall not allow any Department facility 
to begin functioning as a user facility after the date of en-
actment of this Act until the Secretary, for that facility—
(1) develops a plan to ensure that the facility 
will—
(A) have a skilled staff to support a wide 
range of users; 
(B) have a fair method for allocating time 
to users that provides for input from facility 
management, user representatives, and outside 
experts; and
(C) be operated in a safe and fiscally pru-
dent manner; and 
(2) transmits such plan to Congress and 60 days 
have elapsed. 
SEC. 209. SUPPORT FOR SCIENCE AND ENERGY INFRA-
STRUCTURE AND FACILITIES. 
(a) STRATEGY.—The Secretary shall develop and im-
plement a strategy for infrastructure and facilities sup-
ported primarily from the Office of Science and the applied 
programs at each National Laboratory and Department re-
search facility. Such strategy shall provide cost-effective 
means for—
(1) maintaining existing facilities and infra-
structure, as needed; 
(2) closing unneeded facilities; 
(3) making facility modifications; and 
(4) building new facilities. 
(b) REPORT.—
(1) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary shall prepare 
and transmit to the Congress not later than June 1, 
2007, a report summarizing the strategies developed 
under subsection (a). 
(2) CONTENTS.—For each National Laboratory 
and Department research facility, for the facilities
primarily used for science and energy research, such 
report shall contain—
(A) the current priority list of proposed fa-
cilities and infrastructure projects, including 
cost and schedule requirements; 
(B) a current 10-year plan that dem-
onstrates the reconfiguration of its facilities and 
infrastructure to meet its missions and to ad-
dress its long-term operational costs and return 
on investment; 
(C) the total current budget for all facilities 
and infrastructure funding; and 
(D) the current status of each facility and 
infrastructure project compared to the original 
baseline cost, schedule, and scope. 
SEC. 210. COORDINATION PLAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop a co-
ordination plan to improve coordination and collaboration 
in research, development, demonstration, and commercial 
application activities across Department organizational 
boundaries. 
(b) PLAN CONTENTS.—The plan shall describe—
(1) how the Secretary will ensure that the ap-
plied programs are coordinating their activities, in-
cluding a description of specific research questions
that cross organizational boundaries and of how the 
relevant applied programs are coordinating their ef-
forts to answer those questions, and how such cross-
cutting research questions will be identified in the fu-
ture; 
(2) how the Secretary will ensure that research 
that has been supported by the Office of Science is 
being or will be used by the applied programs, includ-
ing a description of specific Office of Science-sup-
ported research that is relevant to the applied pro-
grams and of how the applied programs have used or 
will use that research; and 
(3) a description of how the Secretary will en-
sure that the research agenda of the Office of Science 
includes research questions of concern to the applied 
programs, including a description of specific research 
questions that the Office of Science will address to as-
sist the applied programs. 
(c) PLAN TRANSMITTAL.—The Secretary shall trans-
mit the coordination plan to Congress not later than 9 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 
2 years thereafter shall transmit a revised coordination 
plan. 
(d) CONFERENCE.—Not less than 6 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall convene
a conference of program managers from the Office of Science 
and the applied programs to review ideas and explore possi-
bilities for effective cross-program collaboration. The Sec-
retary also shall invite participation relevant Federal agen-
cies and other programs in the Federal Government con-
ducting relevant research, and other stakeholders as appro-
priate. 
SEC. 211. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS. 
Funds appropriated to the Secretary for activities au-
thorized under this Act shall remain available for three 
years. Funds that are not obligated at the end of three years 
shall be returned to the Treasury. 
TITLE III—ENERGY EFFICIENCY 
Subtitle A—Vehicles, Buildings, 
and Industries 
SEC. 301. PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct pro-
grams of energy efficiency research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application, including activi-
ties described in this subtitle. Such programs shall be fo-
cused on the following objectives: 
(1) Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles, 
buildings, and industrial processes. 
(2) Reducing the Nation’s demand for energy, es-
pecially energy from foreign sources.
(3) Reducing the cost of energy and making the 
economy more efficient and competitive. 
(4) Improving the Nation’s energy security. 
(5) Reducing the environmental impact of en-
ergy-related activities. 
(b) GOALS.—
(1) INITIAL GOALS.—In accordance with the per-
formance plan and report requirements in section 4 
of the Government Performance Results Act of 1993, 
the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress, along 
with the President’s annual budget request for fiscal 
year 2007, a report containing outcome measures 
with explicitly stated cost and performance baselines. 
The measures shall specify energy efficiency perform-
ance goals, with quantifiable 5-year cost and energy 
savings target levels, for vehicles, buildings, and in-
dustries, and any other such goals the Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
(2) SUBSEQUENT
TRANSMITTALS.—The Sec-
retary shall transmit to the Congress, along with the 
President’s annual budget request for each fiscal year 
after 2007, a report containing—
(A) a description, including quantitative 
analysis, of progress in achieving performance 
goals transmitted under paragraph (1), as com-
pared to the baselines transmitted under para-
graph (1); and 
(B) any amendments to such goals. 
(c) PUBLIC INPUT.—The Secretary shall consider ad-
vice from industry, universities, and other interested parties 
through seeking comments in the Federal Register and other 
means before transmitting each report under subsection (b). 
SEC. 302. VEHICLES. 
The Secretary shall conduct a program of research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and commercial application of 
advanced, cost-effective technologies to improve the energy 
efficiency and environmental performance of light-duty and 
heavy-duty vehicles, including—
(1) hybrid and electric propulsion systems, in-
cluding plug-in hybrid systems; 
(2) advanced engines, including combustion en-
gines; 
(3) advanced materials, including high strength, 
lightweight materials, such as nanostructured mate-
rials, composites, multimaterial parts, carbon fibers, 
and materials with high thermal conductivity; 
(4) technologies for reduced drag and rolling re-
sistance; 
(5) whole-vehicle design optimization to reduce 
the weight of component parts and thus increase the