and development and testing of technologies to pre-
vent introduction through known pathways. 
(9) Therefore, Congress finds that it is in the 
United States interest to conduct a comprehensive 
and thorough research, development, and demonstra-
tion program on aquatic invasive species in order to 
better understand how aquatic invasive species are 
introduced and become established and to support 
efforts to prevent the introduction and establishment 
of, and to eradicate, these species. 
SEC. 142. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ADMINISTERING AGENCIES.—The term ‘‘ad-
ministering agencies’’ means— 
(A) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration (including the Great Lakes En-
vironmental Research Laboratory); 
(B) the Smithsonian Institution (acting 
through the Smithsonian Environmental Re-
search Center); and 
(C) the United States Geological Survey. 
(2) AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM.—The term ‘‘aquatic 
ecosystem’’ means a freshwater, marine, or estuarine 
environment (including inland waters, riparian 
areas, and wetlands) located in the United States. 
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(3) BALLAST
WATER.—The term ‘‘ballast 
water’’ means any water (with its suspended matter) 
used to maintain the trim and stability of a vessel. 
(4) INVASION.—The term ‘‘invasion’’ means the 
introduction and establishment of an invasive species 
into an ecosystem beyond its historic range. 
(5) INVASIVE
SPECIES.—The term ‘‘invasive 
species’’ means a species— 
(A) that is nonnative to the ecosystem 
under consideration; and 
(B) whose introduction causes or may 
cause harm to the economy, the environment, or 
human health. 
(6) INVASIVE
SPECIES
COUNCIL.—The term 
‘‘Invasive Species Council’’ means the council estab-
lished by section 3 of Executive Order No. 13112 
(42 U.S.C. 4321 note). 
(7) PATHWAY.—The term ‘‘pathway’’ means 1 
or more routes by which an invasive species is trans-
ferred from one ecosystem to another. 
(8) SPECIES.—The term ‘‘species’’ means any 
fundamental category of taxonomic classification or 
any viable biological material ranking below a genus 
or subgenus. 
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(9) TASK
FORCE.—The term ‘‘Task Force’’ 
means the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force es-
tablished by section 1201(a) of the Nonindigenous 
Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 
1990 (16 U.S.C. 4721(a)). 
(10) TYPE
APPROVAL.—The term ‘‘type ap-
proval’’ means an approval procedure under which a 
type of system is certified as meeting a standard es-
tablished pursuant to Federal law for a particular 
application. 
SEC. 143. COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION. 
(a) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this Act, the 
administering agencies shall coordinate with— 
(1) appropriate State agencies; 
(2) the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, and other appropriate 
Federal agencies; and 
(3) the Task Force and Invasive Species Coun-
cil. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—The administering agencies 
shall enter into a memorandum of understanding regard-
ing the implementation of this Act, which shall include the 
coordination required by subsection (a). 
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