I 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7054 
To require the Secretary of Energy to remove carbon dioxide directly from 
ambient air or seawater, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 18, 2024 
Mr. TONKO (for himself and Mr. PETERS) introduced the following bill; which 
was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To require the Secretary of Energy to remove carbon dioxide 
directly from ambient air or seawater, and for other 
purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Carbon Dioxide Re-
moval Leadership Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 2. FEDERAL REQUIREMENT TO REMOVE CARBON DI-
OXIDE. 
(a) REQUIRED AMOUNTS.—The Secretary shall, to 
the extent economically feasible as provided in subsection 
(d), remove— 
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(1) 50,000 net metric tons of carbon dioxide, 
calculated on a lifecycle basis, for each of fiscal 
years 2024 through 2025; 
(2) 500,000 net metric tons of carbon dioxide, 
calculated on a lifecycle basis, for each of fiscal 
years 2026 through 2028; 
(3) 5,000,000 net metric tons of carbon dioxide, 
calculated on a lifecycle basis, for each of fiscal 
years 2029 through 2034; and 
(4) 10,000,000 net metric tons of carbon diox-
ide, calculated on a lifecycle basis, for fiscal year 
2035 and each fiscal year thereafter. 
(b) TIMING.—The Secretary shall remove each 
amount of carbon dioxide required under subsection (a) 
by not later than 3 years after the beginning of the fiscal 
year for which such removal is required. 
(c) SMALL REMOVAL PROJECT SET-ASIDE.—To the 
extent practicable, at least 20 percent of the net metric 
tons of carbon dioxide required to be removed for each 
of fiscal years 2024 through 2034 under subsection (a) 
shall be removed by small removal projects. 
(d) ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The removal of carbon diox-
ide under this section shall be considered economi-
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cally feasible if such removal can be accomplished or, 
in the case of a contract, purchased— 
(A) with respect to such removal carried 
out for any of fiscal years 2024 through 2025, 
at a price per metric ton of carbon dioxide of 
not more than $750 (which the Secretary may 
adjust for inflation); 
(B) with respect to such removal carried 
out for any of fiscal years 2026 through 2028, 
at a price per metric ton of carbon dioxide of 
not more than $500 (which the Secretary may 
adjust for inflation); 
(C) with respect to such removal carried 
out for any of fiscal years 2029 through 2031, 
at a price per metric ton of carbon dioxide of 
not more than $300 (which the Secretary may 
adjust for inflation); 
(D) with respect to such removal carried 
out for any of fiscal years 2032 through 2034, 
at a price per metric ton of carbon dioxide of 
not more than $200 (which the Secretary may 
adjust for inflation); and 
(E) with respect to such removal carried 
out for fiscal year 2035 and each fiscal year 
thereafter, at a price per metric ton of carbon 
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dioxide of not more than $150 (which the Sec-
retary may adjust for inflation). 
(2) INCLUSION
OF
MONITORING, REPORTING, 
AND VERIFICATION COSTS.—In determining whether 
the removal of carbon dioxide is considered economi-
cally feasible under paragraph (1), the price for such 
removal shall include any costs associated with the 
monitoring, reporting, and verification required 
under subsection (f)(1). 
(3) 
MULTI-YEAR
CONTRACTS.—Notwith-
standing paragraph (1), the removal of carbon diox-
ide carried out pursuant to a multi-year contract en-
tered into under subsection (h) shall be considered 
economically feasible if such removal can be accom-
plished at the applicable dollar amount for the first 
fiscal year of the contract, as provided in paragraph 
(1), through the entire length of such contract. 
(e) FEDERAL ASSISTANCE.—Funds received pursu-
ant to a contract entered into under subsection (h) shall 
not be considered Federal assistance or otherwise affect 
eligibility for any Federal assistance, including tax incen-
tives. 
(f) MONITORING, REPORTING, AND VERIFICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, or an entity 
the Secretary enters into a contract with under sub-
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section (h), shall monitor, report, and verify the net 
metric tons of carbon dioxide the Secretary or such 
entity, as applicable, removed for purposes of this 
section. 
(2) STANDARDS.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Administrator of the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, the Secretary of the Department of Agri-
culture, and other relevant Federal agencies as de-
termined appropriate by the Secretary, shall estab-
lish standards for the monitoring, reporting, and 
verification of net metric tons of carbon dioxide re-
moved pursuant to this section. Such standards 
shall— 
(A) require the use of the best available 
practices used by similar carbon dioxide re-
moval projects; 
(B) ensure safe, effective, and efficient re-
moval of carbon dioxide; 
(C) 
require 
independent, 
third-party 
verification of carbon dioxide removal; 
(D) ensure additionality, permanence, and 
net-negativity of carbon dioxide removal; 
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(E) include criteria to determine whether 
the storage of captured carbon dioxide is per-
manent; 
(F) ensure scientifically rigorous and 
transparent methods for monitoring, reporting, 
and verifying under paragraph (1); and 
(G) be regularly reviewed and, as nec-
essary, updated to account for scientific and 
technological advancements. 
(3) PROHIBITION ON DOUBLE COUNTING.—Car-
bon dioxide that is removed for the purposes of com-
pliance with any other greenhouse gas emissions 
management program, including any foreign, Fed-
eral, State, local, or private greenhouse gas emis-
sions management program, as determined by the 
Secretary, may not be considered removed under 
subsection (a) for purposes of meeting the require-
ments of such subsection. 
(g) PRIORITIES.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall give priority to a project for the removal 
of carbon dioxide based on the degree to which the 
project— 
(1) minimizes the amount of greenhouse gas 
emissions released by carrying out such project; 
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(2) supports the commercialization of innovative 
removal technologies; 
(3) increases the diversity of commercially 
available eligible technologies; 
(4) may provide for domestic job creation, with 
a further preference for partnerships with labor or-
ganizations, small businesses, minority-owned busi-
nesses, and women-owned businesses across value 
chains; 
(5) results in economic development or eco-
nomic diversification in regions or localities that 
have historically generated significant economic ac-
tivity from the production, processing, transpor-
tation, or combustion of fossil fuels, including 
through the use of coal mines, fossil fuel-fired elec-
tricity generating units, and petroleum refining fa-
cilities; 
(6) quantifies and mitigates risks from carbon 
dioxide removal activities on, and provides measur-
able co-benefits to, environmental justice commu-
nities, the environment, agriculture, and public 
health, including by— 
(A) improving local air quality, water qual-
ity, and soil quality; 
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(B) minimizing land, water, and energy 
footprints; and 
(C) using zero-emission energy; and 
(7) includes robust public engagement and com-
munity benefits. 
(h) CONTRACTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—After a transparent and 
competitive process, the Secretary may enter into a 
contract to meet the requirements of subsection (a). 
(2) LENGTH.—A contract entered into under 
this subsection may not be for a term of more than 
15 years. 
(3) MAINTENANCE
OF
REMOVAL
COMMIT-
MENTS.—The Secretary shall include as a term or 
condition in each contract entered into under this 
subsection that the entity that enters into the con-
tract shall permanently store an additional amount 
of carbon dioxide that is equal to any amount of car-
bon dioxide that is released after permanent storage 
by such entity. 
(4) LIMITATION.—To the extent that there is a 
sufficient number of entities capable of removing 
carbon dioxide in a manner that meets the standards 
and requirements of this section under a contract 
entered into pursuant to this subsection, the Sec-
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retary shall ensure that no one entity is responsible 
for removing more than 25 percent of the net metric 
tons of carbon dioxide required under subsection (a) 
in any fiscal year. 
(i) REPORT.—Not later than January 1, 2027, and 
every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to 
Congress, and release to the public, a report on the 
progress of carrying out the requirements of this section, 
which such report shall include— 
(1) the amounts verified under subsection (f)(1) 
and the corresponding names of each entity that 
provided such verified amount; 
(2) the total price, and price per metric ton, to 
remove carbon dioxide for the applicable fiscal year 
as required under subsection (a); 
(3) the methods associated with the monitoring, 
reporting, and verification required under subsection 
(f)(1); 
(4) an estimate of how removing carbon dioxide 
under this section affects environmental justice com-
munities, the environment, agriculture, and public 
health; 
(5) information on potential labor impacts and 
job creation resulting from fulfilling the require-
ments of subsection (a); and 
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(6) an explanation of how the Secretary 
prioritized projects under subsection (g). 
(j) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this section. 
(k) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ELIGIBLE TECHNOLOGY.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘eligible 
technology’’ means, as determined by the Sec-
retary, any equipment, technique, or technology 
that— 
(i) was placed into service after Janu-
ary 1, 2022; and 
(ii) removes carbon dioxide directly 
from ambient air or seawater. 
(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘eligible tech-
nology’’ does not include any equipment, tech-
nique, or technology that— 
(i) removes carbon dioxide which is 
deliberately released from naturally occur-
ring subsurface springs; 
(ii) removes carbon dioxide using nat-
ural photosynthesis, except as provided in 
subparagraph (C); or 
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(iii) uses captured carbon dioxide in 
enhanced oil recovery. 
(C) 
EXPANSION
OF
ELIGIBLE
TECH-
NOLOGY.—Notwithstanding 
subparagraph 
(B)(ii), any equipment, technique, or technology 
that removes carbon dioxide using gasification, 
pyrolysis, or sequestration of solid, nonhaz-
ardous, and cellulosic waste materials may be 
considered an eligible technology under this sec-
tion if the Secretary, by rule— 
(i) determines an entity that carries 
out a removal project under this section is 
able to adequately monitor, report, and 
verify the amount of greenhouse gas emis-
sions, calculated on a lifecycle basis (in-
cluding direct emissions and significant in-
direct emissions), removed using such 
equipment, technique, or technology; 
(ii) determines an entity that carries 
out a removal project under this section is 
able to adequately mitigate the environ-
mental impacts (including impacts on bio-
diversity, land use, and air and water qual-
ity) associated with such equipment, tech-
nique, or technology; and 
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(iii) requires an entity carrying out a 
removal project under this section to— 
(I) adequately monitor, report, 
and verify the amount and storage 
permanence of greenhouse gas emis-
sions, calculated on a lifecycle basis 
(including direct emissions and signifi-
cant indirect emissions), associated 
with using such equipment, technique, 
or technology; and 
(II) adequately mitigate the envi-
ronmental impacts (including impacts 
on biodiversity, land use, and air, soil, 
and water quality) associated with 
using such equipment, technique, or 
technology. 
(2) LIFECYCLE
BASIS.—The term ‘‘lifecycle 
basis’’ means the net sum of all greenhouse gas 
emissions (using mass values for all greenhouse 
gases that are adjusted to account for their relative 
global warming potential, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency) and removals associated with carbon dioxide 
removal activity from cradle to grave, including any 
emissions associated with— 
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(A) energy and feedstock inputs; 
(B) the carbon dioxide removal process; 
(C) carbon dioxide storage, including use 
and disposal of any materials or products asso-
ciated with carbon dioxide storage; and 
(D) embodied emissions of the equipment. 
(3) REMOVE.—The term ‘‘remove’’ means to— 
(A) capture carbon dioxide using eligible 
technology; and 
(B) permanently store such captured car-
bon dioxide— 
(i) in dedicated subsurface geologic 
storage reported under sections 98.440 
and 146.91(e) of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or successor regulations); 
(ii) in building materials and mineral-
ized carbon materials; or 
(iii) using other permanent storage 
methods, as determined by the Secretary. 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(5) SMALL
REMOVAL
PROJECT.—The term 
‘‘small removal project’’ means a project for the re-
moval of carbon dioxide that does not remove more 
than 5 percent of the net metric tons of carbon diox-
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ide required to be removed for the applicable fiscal 
year under subsection (a). 
SEC. 3. STUDY ON THE LONG-TERM FUTURE OF FEDERAL 
CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL MANAGEMENT. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with 
the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, the Secretary of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, and other relevant Federal agencies, 
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report that 
evaluates and makes recommendations for potential pro-
gram design elements and financing options for a Federal 
carbon dioxide removal offtake program that can be scaled 
to achieve carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere 
and the oceans at a gigaton scale annually by 2050. Such 
report shall include consideration of potential management 
and organizational structures for the program, includ-
ing— 
(1) a government sponsored enterprise; 
(2) a government corporation; 
(3) a program office with the Department of 
Energy or other Federal agency; and 
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(4) a contracted service provider. 
Æ 
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