out the express authority of the United States Government 
when—
‘‘(1) the perpetrator of the act is a United 
States citizen or resident alien, or purports to act 
under authority of the United States; 
‘‘(2) the individual against whom the act is 
committed is a United States citizen or resident 
alien or the property, vessel, or maritime structure 
involved is owned, in whole or in part, by a United 
States citizen or resident alien; or 
‘‘(3) some element of the illegal act of violence, 
detention, or depredation is committed in waters 
subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined in accordance with this title or impris-
oned not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1656. Theft or conversion of vessel, maritime struc-
ture, cargo, or effects 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for any person 
who is a captain, officer, crewman, or passenger of a vessel 
or maritime structure to assist in the theft or conversion 
of such vessel or maritime structure, or its cargo or effects 
when—
‘‘(1) the perpetrator is a United States citizen 
or resident alien, or purports to act under the au-
thority of the United States; 
‘‘(2) the vessel, maritime structure, cargo, or 
effects is owned in whole or in part by a United 
States citizen or resident alien; or 
‘‘(3) some element of the theft or conversion is 
committed in waters subject to the jurisdiction of 
the United States. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined in accordance with this title or impris-
oned not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1657. Intentional wrecking or plunder of a vessel, 
maritime structure, cargo, or effects 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for any person 
to—
‘‘(1) intentionally cause the wrecking of a vessel 
or maritime structure by act or omission, either di-
rectly such as by intentional grounding, or indirectly 
by modification or destruction of any navigational 
marker or safety device; 
‘‘(2) intentionally plunder, steal, or destroy a 
vessel, maritime structure, cargo, or effects when 
such vessel or maritime structure is in distress, 
wrecked, lost, stranded, or cast away; or
‘‘(3) intentionally obstruct or interfere with the 
rescue of a person on board a vessel or maritime 
structure in distress, wrecked, lost, stranded, or cast 
away, or the legal salvage of such a vessel, maritime 
structure, cargo, or effects, when—
‘‘(A) the perpetrator is a United States cit-
izen or resident alien, or purports to act under 
authority of the United States; 
‘‘(B) the vessel, maritime structure, cargo, 
or effects is owned in whole or in part by a 
United States citizen or resident alien; or 
‘‘(C) some element of the theft or conver-
sion is committed in waters subject to the juris-
diction of the United States. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined in accordance with this title or impris-
oned not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1658. Knowing receipt of an illegally acquired ves-
sel, maritime structure, cargo, or effects 
‘‘Any person who knowingly receives or acquires a 
vessel, maritime structure, cargo, or effects converted or 
obtained by action falling under any section of this chapter 
shall be fined in accordance with this title or imprisoned 
not more than 20 years, or both.
‘‘§ 1659. Attempts 
‘‘Any person who attempts any act which, if com-
mitted, would constitute an offense under this chapter 
shall be fined in accordance with this title or imprisoned 
not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1660. Accessories 
‘‘(a) COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE.—Any person who 
knowingly assists any person in the commission of an act 
that constitutes an offense under this chapter shall be 
fined in accordance with this title or imprisoned not more 
than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘(b) AVOIDANCE OF CONSEQUENCES.—Any person 
who knowingly assists any person in avoiding the con-
sequences of an act that constitutes an offense under this 
chapter shall be fined in accordance with this title or im-
prisoned not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘§ 1661. Inapplicability to United States Government 
activities 
‘‘Nothing in this chapter shall apply to otherwise law-
ful activities—
‘‘(1) carried out by, or at the direction of, the 
United States Government; or 
‘‘(2) undertaken under a letter or marque and 
reprisal issued by the United States Government.’’.
SEC. 104. USE OF A DANGEROUS WEAPON OR EXPLOSIVE 
ON A PASSENGER VESSEL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 39 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 831 the 
following: 
‘‘§ 832. Use of a dangerous weapon or explosive on a 
passenger vessel 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for any person 
to willfully—
‘‘(1) commit an act, including the use of a dan-
gerous weapon, explosive, or incendiary device, with 
the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury to 
a crew member or passenger of a passenger vessel 
or any other person while on board a passenger ves-
sel; or 
‘‘(2) attempt, threaten, or conspire to do any 
act referred to in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined in accordance with this title or impris-
oned not more than 20 years, or both. 
‘‘(c) AGGRAVATED OFFENSE.—Any person who com-
mits an offense described in subsection (a) in a cir-
cumstance in which—
‘‘(1) the vessel was carrying a passenger at the 
time of the offense; or
‘‘(2) the offense has resulted in the death of 
any person; 
shall be guilty of an aggravated offense and shall be fined 
in accordance with this title or imprisoned for any term 
of years or for life. 
‘‘(d) APPLICABILITY.—This section shall apply to 
vessels that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States, and vessels carrying passengers who are United 
States citizens or resident aliens, wherever located. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section—
‘‘(1) the term ‘dangerous weapon’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 930(g); 
‘‘(2) the term ‘explosive or incendiary device’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 232(5); 
‘‘(3) the term ‘passenger’ has the same mean-
ing given such term in section 2101(21) of title 46; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘passenger vessel’ has the same 
meaning given such term in section 2101(22) of title 
46; and 
‘‘(5) the term ‘serious bodily injury’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 1365(g).’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—
The table of sections for chapter 39 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to section 831 the following:
‘‘832. Use of a dangerous weapon or explosive on a passenger vessel.’’.
SEC. 105. SANCTIONS FOR FAILURE TO HEAVE TO AND FOR 
OBSTRUCTION 
OF 
BOARDING 
AND 
PRO-
VIDING FALSE INFORMATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 109 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 2237. Sanctions for failure to heave to; sanctions 
for obstruction of boarding or providing 
false information 
‘‘(a) FAILURE TO HEAVE TO.—It shall be unlawful 
for the master, operator, or person in charge of a vessel 
of the United States, or a vessel subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States, to knowingly fail to obey an order 
to heave to on being ordered to do so by an authorized 
Federal law enforcement officer. 
‘‘(b) OBSTRUCTION OF BOARDING AND PROVIDING 
FALSE INFORMATION.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son on board a vessel of the United States or a vessel sub-
ject to the jurisdiction of the United States to—
‘‘(1) forcibly assault, resist, oppose, prevent, 
impede, intimidate, or interfere with a boarding or 
other law enforcement action authorized by any Fed-
eral law, or to resist a lawful arrest; or 
‘‘(2) provide information to a Federal law en-
forcement officer during a boarding of a vessel re-
garding the vessel’s destination, origin, ownership,
registration, nationality, cargo, or crew that the per-
son knows is false. 
‘‘(c) LIMITATIONS.—This section shall not limit the 
authority of—
‘‘(1) an officer under section 581 of the Tariff 
Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1581) or any other provision 
of law enforced or administered by the Secretary of 
the Treasury or the Under Secretary for Border and 
Transportation Security of the Department of 
Homeland Security; or 
‘‘(2) a Federal law enforcement officer under 
any law of the United States to order a vessel to 
stop or heave to. 
‘‘(d) CONSENT OR OBJECTION TO ENFORCEMENT.—
A foreign nation may consent or waive objection to the 
enforcement of United States law by the United States 
under this section by radio, telephone, or similar oral or 
electronic means, which consent or waiver may be proven 
by certification of the Secretary of State or the Secretary’s 
designee. 
‘‘(e) PENALTY.—Any person who intentionally vio-
lates this section shall be fined in accordance with this 
title and imprisoned not more than 1 year. 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section—
‘‘(1) the terms ‘vessel of the United States’ and 
‘vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United 
States’ have the same meanings as such terms in 
section 3 of the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement 
Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1903); 
‘‘(2) the term ‘heave to’ means to cause a vessel 
to slow, come to a stop, or adjust its course or speed 
to account for the weather conditions and sea state 
to facilitate a law enforcement boarding; and 
‘‘(3) the term ‘Federal law enforcement officer’ 
has the same meaning as such term in section 
115.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—
The table of sections for chapter 109 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
‘‘2237. Sanctions for failure to heave to; sanctions for obstruction of boarding 
or providing false information.’’.
SEC. 106. CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST 
MARITIME NAVIGATION. 
Section 2280(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended—
(1) in paragraph (1)—
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F), 
(G), and (H) as (G), (H), and (I), respectively;
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
the following: 
‘‘(F) destroys, damages, alters, moves, or 
tampers with any aid to maritime navigation 
maintained by the Saint Lawrence Seaway De-
velopment Corporation under the authority of 
section 4 of the Act of May 13, 1954, (33 
U.S.C. 984) or the Coast Guard pursuant to 
section 81 of title 14, or lawfully maintained by 
the Coast Guard pursuant to section 83 of title 
14, if such act endangers or is likely to endan-
ger the safe navigation of a ship;’’; and 
(C) in subparagraph (I), as so redesig-
nated, by striking ‘‘through (G)’’ and inserting 
‘‘through (H)’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘(C) or (E)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘(C), (E), or (F)’’. 
SEC. 107. CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR MALICIOUS DUMPING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 2282. Knowing discharge or release 
‘‘(a) ENDANGERMENT OF HUMAN LIFE.—Any per-
son who knowingly discharges or releases oil, a hazardous 
material, a noxious liquid substance, or any other sub-
stance into the navigable waters of the United States or 
the adjoining shoreline with the intent to endanger human 
life, health, or welfare—
‘‘(1) shall be fined in accordance with this title 
and imprisoned for any term of years or for life; and 
‘‘(2) if the death of any person results from 
conduct prohibited under this section, may be pun-
ished by death. 
‘‘(b) ENDANGERMENT OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT.—
Any person who knowingly discharges or releases oil, a 
hazardous material, a noxious liquid substance, or any 
other substance into the navigable waters of the United 
States or the adjacent shoreline with the intent to endan-
ger the marine environment shall be fined in accordance 
with this title or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or 
both. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section—
‘‘(1) the term ‘discharge’ means any spilling, 
leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or 
dumping; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘hazardous material’ has the 
same meaning given such term in section 2101(14) 
of title 46;
‘‘(3) the term ‘marine environment’ has the 
same meaning given such term in section 2101(15) 
of title 46; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘navigable waters’ has the same 
meaning given such term in section 502(7) of the 
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 
1362(7)), and also includes the territorial sea of the 
United States as described in Presidential Proclama-
tion 5928 of December 27, 1988; and 
‘‘(5) the term ‘noxious liquid substance’ has the 
same meaning given such term in the MARPOL 
Protocol as defined in section 2(a)(3) of the Act to 
Prevent 
Pollution 
from 
Ships 
(33 
U.S.C. 
1901(a)(3)).’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—
The table of sections for chapter 111 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing:
‘‘2282. Knowing discharge or release.’’.
SEC. 108. ATTORNEY GENERAL TO COORDINATE PORT-RE-
LATED CRIME DATA COLLECTION. 
(a) REGULATIONS.—The Attorney General shall 
issue regulations to—
(1) require the reporting by a carrier that is the 
victim of a cargo theft offense to the Attorney Gen-
eral of information on the cargo theft offense (in-