SEC. 166. DIRECTOR AND STAFF. 
(a) DIRECTOR.—The Working Group shall have a Di-
rector who shall be appointed by the Chairperson. 
(b) STAFF.—The Director may appoint and fix the 
pay of additional personnel as the Director considers ap-
propriate. 
(c) DUTIES.—The duties of the Director and staff 
shall be to achieve the goals and carry out the duties of 
the Working Group. 
SEC. 167. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than September 30, 
2016, and annually thereafter, the Chairperson shall sub-
mit to the Congress a report describing the activities, 
projects, and plans of the Federal Government to carry 
out the goals of the Working Group, which shall include— 
(1) an accounting of— 
(A) any increase in efficiency in the deliv-
ery of Federal, State, local, and tribal social 
services and benefits related to child welfare 
and child poverty; 
(B) any reduction in the number of chil-
dren living in poverty; 
(C) any reduction in the demand for such 
social services and benefits for which children 
living in poverty and near poverty are eligible; 
and 
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(D) any savings to the Federal Govern-
ment as a result of such increases or reduc-
tions; 
(2) an accounting of any increase in the na-
tional rate of employment due to the efforts of the 
Working Group; 
(3) a summary of the efforts of each State to 
reduce child poverty within such State, including the 
administration of State programs funded under part 
A of title IV of the Social Security Act (relating to 
block grants to States for temporary assistance for 
needy families); and 
(4) legislative language and recommendations 
regarding reducing child poverty and achieving the 
other goals and duties of the Working Group. 
(b) PUBLIC REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) ANNUAL REPORT AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC.— 
A version of the annual report required by sub-
section (a) shall be made publicly available. 
(2) ANNUAL
UPDATE
FROM
FEDERAL
AGEN-
CIES.—The head of each relevant Federal agency 
shall post on the public Internet Web site of such 
agency an annual summary of any plans, activities, 
and results of the agency related to the goals and 
duties of the Working Group. 
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CHAPTER 2—WORKSHOPS BY NATIONAL 
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 
SEC. 168. REQUIREMENT TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENT 
WITH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date on which funds are made available to carry out this 
Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall 
enter into an agreement with the National Academy of 
Sciences for 2 public workshops to provide the Working 
Group with information to assist in the development of 
the national plan under section 102(a). 
(b) STEERING COMMITTEE.—The agreement under 
subsection (a) shall include the creation of a steering com-
mittee to plan and conduct such workshops. 
(c) EXPERTS.—The agreement under subsection (a) 
shall include the commission of experts to prepare re-
search papers that summarize and critique literature on 
the economic and social costs of child poverty. 
SEC. 169. WORKSHOP TOPICS. 
The purpose of the workshops required by section 
201(a) shall be to collect information and input from the 
public on the economic and social costs of child poverty, 
addressing topics that include— 
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(1) the macroeconomic costs of child poverty, 
including the effects of child poverty on productivity 
and economic output; 
(2) the health-related costs of child poverty, in-
cluding the costs incurred by the Federal Govern-
ment and State, local, and tribal governments due to 
child illnesses, other child medical problems, and 
other child health-related expenditures; 
(3) the effect of child poverty on crime rates; 
(4) the short-term and long-term effects of 
child poverty on the Federal budget, including out-
lays for anti-poverty programs; 
(5) poverty metrics such as income poverty, 
food insecurity, and other measures of deprivation, 
and the role of such metrics in assessing the effects 
of poverty and the performance of anti-poverty pro-
grams; 
(6) the effect of child poverty on certain popu-
lation groups, including immigrants, single parent 
families, individuals who have attained the age of 16 
but have not attained the age of 25 with large stu-
dent loans, individuals living in areas of con-
centrated poverty, and individuals living on Indian 
reservations; and 
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(7) the effect of child poverty on individuals 
and families living in extreme poverty, as compared 
with such effect on individuals and families living in 
poverty or near poverty. 
SEC. 170. REPORTING REQUIREMENT. 
(a) RESEARCH PAPERS.—The agreement under sec-
tion 201(a) shall include the publication of the research 
papers required under such section on the public Web site 
of the National Academy of Sciences. 
(b) WORKSHOP SUMMARY.—The agreement under 
section 201(a) shall include the publication of a summary 
of each workshop required under such section on the pub-
lic Web site of the National Academy of Sciences. 
SEC. 171. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to 
carry out this subtitle. 
CHAPTER 3—DEFINITIONS 
SEC. 172. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘anti- 
poverty program’’ means a program or institution 
with the primary goal of lifting children or families 
out of poverty and improving economic opportunities 
for children or families that operates in whole or in 
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part using Federal, State, local, or tribal govern-
ment funds. 
(2) CHILD.—The term ‘‘child’’ means an indi-
vidual who has not attained the age of 18. 
(3) DEPRIVATION.—The term ‘‘deprivation’’ 
means, with respect to an individual, that such indi-
vidual lacks adequate nutrition, health care, housing, 
or other resources to provide for basic human needs. 
(4) DISCONNECTED
YOUTH.—The term ‘‘dis-
connected youth’’ means individuals who have at-
tained the age of 16 but have not attained the age 
of 25 who are unemployed and not enrolled in 
school. 
(5) ECONOMIC
STABILITY.—The term ‘‘eco-
nomic stability’’ means, with respect to an individual 
or family, that such individual or family has access 
to the means and support necessary to effectively 
cope with adverse or costly life events and to effec-
tively recover from the consequences of such events 
while maintaining a decent standard of living. 
(6) EXTREME POVERTY.—The term ‘‘extreme 
poverty’’ means, with respect to an individual or 
family, that such individual or family has a total an-
nual income that is less than the amount that is 50 
percent of the official poverty threshold for such in-
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dividual or family, as provided in the report of the 
United States Census Bureau on Income, Poverty, 
and Health Insurance Coverage in the United 
States: 2013 (issued in September 2014). 
(7) FEDERAL
AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal 
agency’’ means an executive department, a Govern-
ment corporation, and an independent establish-
ment. 
(8) NEAR POVERTY.—The term ‘‘near poverty’’ 
means, with respect to an individual or family, that 
such individual or family has a total annual income 
that is less than the amount that is 200 percent of 
the official poverty threshold for such individual or 
family, as provided in the report of the United 
States Census Bureau on Income, Poverty, and 
Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 
2013 (issued in September 2014). 
(9) POVERTY.—The term ‘‘poverty’’ means, 
with respect to an individual or family, that such in-
dividual or family has a total annual income that is 
less than the amount that is the official poverty 
threshold for such individual or family, as provided 
in the report of the United States Census Bureau on 
Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in 
the United States: 2013 (issued in September 2014). 
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Subtitle H—Hunger-Free Summers 
for Children 
SEC. 181. SUMMER SNAP BENEFITS FOR MINOR CHILDREN 
WHO RECEIVED FREE OR REDUCED PRICE 
SCHOOL LUNCHES. 
Section 8(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2017(a)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘The value of the allotment for a participating household 
that includes a minor child who as of the end of the school 
year received free or reduced price school lunches under 
the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) shall be increased for each such child 
by $150 for each month during which the school attended 
by such child is not in session.’’. 
SEC. 182. CHILD TAX CREDIT INCREASED FOR FAMILIES 
UNDER 150 PERCENT OF POVERTY LINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 24 of the Internal Rev-
enue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection: 
‘‘(h) SPECIAL RULE FOR FAMILIES UNDER 150 PER-
CENT OF POVERTY LINE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a taxpayer 
whose adjusted gross income for the taxable year is 
less than 150 percent of an amount equal to the 
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poverty line (as defined by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget) for a family of the size involved, 
subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting 
‘$2,000’ for ‘$1,000’. 
‘‘(2) POVERTY LINE USED.—For purposes of 
this subsection, the poverty line used with respect to 
a taxable year shall be the most recently published 
poverty line during the calendar year ending before 
such taxable year begins.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2015. 
TITLE II—COMMUNITY 
POLICING 
Subtitle A—Fair Chance for Youth 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Fair Chance for 
Youth Act of 2016’’. 
SEC. 202. EXPUNGEMENT AND SEALING OF YOUTH CRIMI-
NAL RECORDS. 
Chapter 229 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER D—EXPUNGEMENT AND 
SEALING OF YOUTH CRIMINAL RECORDS 
‘‘3631. Youth Offense Expungement and Sealing Review Board. 
‘‘3632. Expungement and sealing for youth. 
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‘‘3633. Definitions. 
‘‘3634. Reporting. 
‘‘§ 3631. Youth Offense Expungement and Sealing Re-
view Board 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Judge for each Fed-
eral District shall establish— 
‘‘(1) a Youth Offense Expungement and Seal-
ing Review Board (hereinafter in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘Review Board’) to review petitions 
for discretionary expungement and sealing of youth 
offenses; and 
‘‘(2) the rules and procedures governing the op-
eration of the Review Board in the exercise of its 
powers under subsection (c). 
‘‘(b) COMPOSITION.—The Review Board shall include 
one representative, selected by the Chief Judge to serve 
without compensation, from each of the following: 
‘‘(1) The Department of Justice. 
‘‘(2) The United States Probation and Pretrial 
Services System. 
‘‘(3) The Office of the Federal Defender or a 
designated Criminal Justice Act panel attorney or 
private criminal defense attorney. 
‘‘(c) POWERS.—The Review Board shall— 
‘‘(1) review petitions under this subchapter to 
determine whether the youth, and the offense on 
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which the petition is based, meet the eligibility re-
quirements for expungement or sealing consider-
ation; 
‘‘(2) for petitions meeting the eligibility require-
ments, evaluate those petitions on the merits in 
order to make a recommendation on the advisability 
of granting the petition; and 
‘‘(3) convey its recommendation, with a written 
explanation, to the Chief Judge in each Federal Dis-
trict, or a designee of the Chief Judge, for consider-
ation. 
‘‘(d) 
RECOMMENDATION.—In 
making 
its 
rec-
ommendation, the Review Board— 
‘‘(1) shall consider all the evidence and testi-
mony presented in the petition and any hearings 
held on the petition; 
‘‘(2) may not consider any arrest or prosecution 
that did not result in a conviction and that took 
place prior to the conviction or arrest the petitioner 
is seeking to expunge or seal; and 
‘‘(3) shall balance— 
‘‘(A) the public safety, the interest of pub-
lic knowledge, and any legitimate interest of the 
Government in maintaining the accessibility of 
the protected information; against 
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‘‘(B) the interest of the petitioner in hav-
ing the petition granted, including the benefit 
to the petition’s ability to positively contribute 
to the community, and the petitioner’s conduct 
and demonstrated desire to be rehabilitated. 
‘‘(e) COURT TO CONSIDER AND DECIDE UPON PETI-
TIONS.—The Court shall consider and decide upon each 
petition for which the court receives a recommendation 
from the Review Board. The Court’s decision to grant or 
deny the petition shall give significant weight to the Re-
view Board recommendation. The Court shall grant the 
petition unless the Government shows the interests de-
scribed in subsection (d)(3)(A) outweigh the interests of 
the petitioner described in subsection (d)(3)(B). 
‘‘(f) ONE OPPORTUNITY.—A youth may only file a 
petition for expungement or sealing under this subchapter 
once and the decision of the district court on the petition 
shall be final and is not appealable. 
‘‘(g) ONLINE FORMS FOR PETITIONS.—The Director 
of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts 
shall create and make available to the public, online and 
in paper form, a universal form to file a petition under 
this section, and establish a process under which indigent 
petitioners may obtain a waiver of any fee for filing a peti-
tion under this section. 
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‘‘(h) MAKING AVAILABLE STANDARD FORMS FOR 
COURT ORDERS.—The Director of the Administrative Of-
fice of the United States Courts shall create and make 
available to the Chief Judge of every Federal district 
standard expungement and sealing orders that empower 
the petitioner to seek destruction of records in accordance 
with the order. 
‘‘§ 3632. Expungement and sealing for youth 
‘‘(a) EXPUNGEMENT
PETITION
ELIGIBILITY.—A 
youth may petition a district court of the United States 
for expungement— 
‘‘(1) of the record of any misdemeanor or non-
violent felony drug conviction 3 years after the youth 
has completed every term of imprisonment related to 
that misdemeanor or nonviolent felony drug convic-
tion; 
‘‘(2) of the record of any person who has not 
attained the age of 18 at the time of committing the 
conduct resulting in conviction for any misdemeanor 
or nonviolent offense 3 years after the person has 
completed every term of imprisonment related to 
that misdemeanor or nonviolent offense conviction; 
and 
‘‘(3) of the record of an arrest or prosecution 
for any nonviolent offense on the date on which the 
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case related to that arrest or prosecution is disposed 
of. 
‘‘(b) SEALING PETITION ELIGIBILITY.—A youth may 
petition a district court of the United States, for sealing— 
‘‘(1) of the record of any nonviolent conviction 
5 years after the youth has completed every term of 
imprisonment related to that nonviolent conviction; 
‘‘(2) of the record of any person who has not 
attained the age of 18 at the time of committing the 
conduct resulting in conviction for any offense 10 
years after the person has completed every term of 
imprisonment related to that offense conviction; and 
‘‘(3) of the record of an arrest or prosecution 
for any nonviolent offense on the date on which the 
case related to that arrest or prosecution is disposed 
of. 
‘‘(c) NOTICE
OF OPPORTUNITY TO FILE PETI-
TION.—A youth shall be informed of the eligibility to, pro-
cedures for, and benefits of filing an expungement or seal-
ing petition— 
‘‘(1) by the District Court on the date of con-
viction; 
‘‘(2) by the Office of Probation and Pretrial 
Services on the date the youth completes every term 
of imprisonment; or 
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‘‘(3) if the arrest or prosecution does not result 
in a conviction, then by the Department of Justice 
on the date the case is disposed of. 
‘‘(d) GRANT OF PETITION.—If a court grants a peti-
tion under this section— 
‘‘(1) the person to whom the record pertains 
may choose to, but is not required to, disclose the 
existence of the record, and the offense conduct and 
any arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, adju-
dication, conviction, or other result of such pro-
ceeding relating to the offense conduct, shall be 
treated as if it never occurred; 
‘‘(2) the court shall destroy each paper and 
electronic copy of the record in the possession of the 
court; 
‘‘(3) the court shall issue an expungement or 
sealing order requiring the destruction of any paper 
and electronic copies of the record by any court, law 
enforcement officer, law enforcement agency, treat-
ment or rehabilitation services agency, or employee 
thereof in possession of those copies; 
‘‘(4) any entity or person listed in paragraph 
(3) that receives an inquiry relating to the record 
shall reply to the inquiry stating that no such record 
exists; and 
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‘‘(5) except as provided in subsection (f), no 
person shall not be subject to prosecution under any 
civil or criminal provision of Federal or State law re-
lating to perjury, false swearing, or making a false 
statement for failing to acknowledge the record or 
respond to any inquiry made of the of petitioner or 
the parent relating to the record, for any purpose. 
‘‘(e) CIVIL ACTIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If an individual who has a 
record expunged or sealed under this section brings 
an action that might be defended with the contents 
of the record, there shall be a rebuttable presump-
tion that the defendant has a complete defense to 
the action. 
‘‘(2) SHOWING
BY
PLAINTIFF.—In an action 
described in paragraph (1), the plaintiff may rebut 
the presumption of a complete defense by showing 
that the contents of the record would not prevent 
the defendant from being liable. 
‘‘(3) DUTY TO TESTIFY AS TO EXISTENCE OF 
RECORD.—The court in which an action described in 
paragraph (1) is filed may require the plaintiff to 
state under oath whether the plaintiff had a record 
and whether the record was expunged or sealed. 
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‘‘(4) PROOF OF EXISTENCE OF RECORD.—If the 
plaintiff in an action described in paragraph (1) de-
nied the existence of a record, the defendant may 
prove the existence of the record in any manner 
compatible with the applicable laws of evidence. 
‘‘(f) ATTORNEY GENERAL NONPUBLIC RECORDS.— 
The Attorney General shall— 
‘‘(1) maintain a nonpublic database of all 
records expunged or sealed under this subchapter; 
‘‘(2) disclose, access, or utilize records con-
tained in the nonpublic database only— 
‘‘(A) in defense of any civil suit arising out 
of the facts contained in the record; 
‘‘(B) to determine whether the individual 
to whom the record relates is eligible for a first- 
time-offender diversion program; 
‘‘(C) for a background check that relates 
to law enforcement employment or any employ-
ment that requires a Government security clear-
ance; or 
‘‘(D) if the Attorney General determines 
that disclosure is necessary to serve the inter-
ests of national security; and 
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‘‘(3) to the extent practicable, notify the indi-
vidual to whom the record pertains of the disclosure 
unless it is made pursuant to paragraph (2)(D). 
‘‘§ 3633. Definitions 
‘‘In this subchapter— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘youth’ means an individual who 
was 21 years of age or younger at the time of the 
criminal offense for which the individual was ar-
rested, prosecuted, or sentenced; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘nonviolent felony’ means a Fed-
eral criminal felony offense that is not— 
‘‘(A) a crime of violence; or 
‘‘(B) a sex offense (as that term is defined 
in section 111 of the Sex Offender Registration 
and Notification Act); 
‘‘(3) the term ‘record’ means information, 
whether in paper or electronic form, containing any 
reference to— 
‘‘(A) an arrest, conviction, or sentence of 
an individual for an offense; 
‘‘(B) the institution of juvenile delinquency 
or criminal proceedings against an individual 
for the offense; or 
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‘‘(C) adjudication, conviction, or any other 
result of juvenile delinquency or criminal pro-
ceedings; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘expunge’— 
‘‘(A) means to destroy a record and oblit-
erate the name of the person to whom the 
record pertains from each official index or pub-
lic record; and 
‘‘(B) has the effect described in section 
3631(g), including— 
‘‘(i) the right to treat an offense to 
which an expunged record relates, and any 
arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, ad-
judication, conviction, or other result of 
such proceeding relating to the offense, as 
if it never occurred; and 
‘‘(ii) protection from civil and criminal 
perjury, false swearing, and false state-
ment laws with respect to an expunged 
record; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘seal’— 
‘‘(A) means— 
‘‘(i) to close a record from public 
viewing so that the record cannot be exam-
ined except by court order; and 
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‘‘(ii) to physically seal the record shut 
and label the record ‘SEALED’ or, in the 
case of an electronic record, the sub-
stantive equivalent; and 
‘‘(B) has the effect described in section 
3631(g), including— 
‘‘(i) the right to treat an offense to 
which an expunged record relates, and any 
arrest, juvenile delinquency proceeding, ad-
judication, conviction, or other result of 
such proceeding relating to the offense, as 
if it never occurred; and 
‘‘(ii) protection from civil and criminal 
perjury, false swearing, and false state-
ment laws with respect to an expunged 
record; 
‘‘(6) the term ‘conviction’— 
‘‘(A) means a judgment or disposition in 
criminal court against a person following a find-
ing of guilt by a judge or jury; and 
‘‘(B) for the purposes of this section— 
‘‘(i) multiple convictions shall be 
deemed to be one conviction if the convic-
tions result from or relate to the same act 
or acts committed at the same time; and 
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‘‘(ii) multiple convictions, not to ex-
ceed 3, that do not result from or relate to 
the same act or acts committed at the 
same time shall be deemed to be one con-
viction if the convictions result from or re-
late to the same indictment, information, 
or complaint, or plea of guilty; and 
‘‘(7) the term ‘destroy’ means to render a file 
unreadable, whether paper, electronic, or otherwise 
stored, by shredding, pulverizing, pulping, incin-
erating, overwriting, reformatting the media, or 
other means. 
‘‘§ 3634. Reporting 
‘‘Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this subchapter, and each year thereafter, the Attorney 
General shall issue a public report that— 
‘‘(1) describes— 
‘‘(A) the number of expungement and seal-
ing petitions granted and denied; and 
‘‘(B) the number of instances in which the 
office of a United States attorney supported or 
opposed an expungement or sealing petition; 
and 
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‘‘(2) includes any supporting data that the 
court determines relevant but does not name any pe-
titioner.’’. 
SEC. 203. RETROACTIVE EFFECT. 
This Act and the amendments made by this Act apply 
with respect to youth without regard to whether they be-
come involved in the Federal criminal justice system be-
fore, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Subtitle B—Youth Prison Reduc-
tion 
Through 
Opportunities, 
Mentoring, Intervention, Sup-
port, and Education 
SEC. 211. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Youth Prison Re-
duction through Opportunities, Mentoring, Intervention, 
Support, and Education Act’’ or the ‘‘Youth PROMISE 
Act’’. 
SEC. 212. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Office of Ju-
venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 
(2) 
COMMUNITY.—The 
term 
‘‘community’’ 
means a unit of local government or an Indian tribe, 
or part of such a unit or tribe, as determined by 
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such a unit or tribe for the purpose of applying for 
a grant under this Act. 
(3) DESIGNATED
GEOGRAPHIC
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘designated geographic area’’ means a 5-digit 
postal ZIP Code assigned to a geographic area by 
the United States Postal Service. 
(4) EVIDENCE-BASED.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘evidence- 
based’’, when used with respect to a practice re-
lating to juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity prevention and intervention, 
means a practice (including a service, program, 
activity, intervention, technology, or strategy) 
for which the Administrator has determined— 
(i) causal evidence documents a rela-
tionship between the practice and its in-
tended outcome, based on measures of the 
direction and size of a change, and the ex-
tent to which a change may be attributed 
to the practice; and 
(ii) the use of scientific methods rules 
out, to the extent possible, alternative ex-
planations for the documented change. 
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(B) SCIENTIFIC METHODS.—For the pur-
poses of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘scientific 
methods’’ means— 
(i) evaluation by an experimental trial, 
in which participants are randomly as-
signed to participate in the practice that is 
subject to such trial; or 
(ii) evaluation by a quasi-experimental 
trial, in which the outcomes for partici-
pants are compared with outcomes for a 
control group that is made up of individ-
uals who are similar to such participants. 
(5) INTERVENTION.—The term ‘‘intervention’’ 
means the provision of programs and services that 
are supported by research, are evidence-based or 
promising practices, and are provided to youth who 
are involved in, or who are identified by evidence- 
based risk assessment methods as being at high risk 
of continued involvement in, juvenile delinquency or 
criminal street gangs, as a result of indications that 
demonstrate involvement with problems such as tru-
ancy, substance abuse, mental health treatment 
needs, or siblings who have had involvement with ju-
venile or criminal justice systems. 
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(6) JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
AND
CRIMINAL 
STREET
GANG
ACTIVITY
PREVENTION.—The term 
‘‘juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang activ-
ity prevention’’ means the provision of programs and 
resources to children and families who have not yet 
had substantial contact with criminal justice or juve-
nile justice systems, that— 
(A) are designed to reduce potential juve-
nile delinquency and criminal street gang activ-
ity risks; and 
(B) are evidence-based or promising edu-
cational, health, mental health, school-based, 
community-based, faith-based, parenting, job 
training, social opportunities and experiences, 
or other programs, for youth and their families, 
that have been demonstrated to be effective in 
reducing juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity risks. 
(7) PROMISING.—The term ‘‘promising’’, when 
used with respect to a practice relating to juvenile 
delinquency and criminal street gang activity preven-
tion and intervention, means a practice (including a 
service, program, activity, intervention, technology, 
or strategy) that, based on statistical analyses or a 
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theory of change, the Administrator has deter-
mined— 
(A) has outcomes from an evaluation that 
demonstrate such practice reduces juvenile de-
linquency and criminal street gang activity; and 
(B) is part of a study being conducted to 
determine if such a practice is evidence-based. 
(8) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 
American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Is-
lands, and any other territories or possessions of the 
United States. 
(9) THEORY OF CHANGE.—The term ‘‘theory of 
change’’ means a program planning strategy ap-
proved by the Administrator that outlines the types 
of interventions and outcomes essential to achieving 
a set of program goals. 
(10) YOUTH.—The term ‘‘youth’’ means— 
(A) an individual who is 18 years of age or 
younger; or 
(B) in any State in which the maximum 
age at which the juvenile justice system of such 
State has jurisdiction over individuals exceeds 
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18 years of age, an individual who is such max-
imum age or younger. 
SEC. 213. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds as follows: 
(1) Youth gang crime has taken a toll on a 
number of communities, and senseless acts of gang- 
related violence have imposed economic, social, and 
human costs. 
(2) Drug- and alcohol-dependent youth, and 
youth dually diagnosed with addiction and mental 
health disorders, are more likely to become involved 
with the juvenile justice system than youth without 
such risk factors, absent appropriate prevention and 
intervention services. 
(3) Children of color are over-represented rel-
ative to the general population at every stage of the 
juvenile justice system. Black youth are 17 percent 
of the United States population, but represent 38 
percent of youth in secure placement juvenile facili-
ties, and 58 percent of youth incarcerated in adult 
prisons. 
(4) Research funded by the Department of Jus-
tice indicates that gang membership is short-lived 
among adolescents. With very few youth remaining 
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gang-involved throughout their adolescent years, on-
going opportunities for intervention exist. 
(5) Criminal justice costs have become burden-
some in many States and cities, requiring reductions 
in vital educational, social, welfare, mental health, 
and related services. 
(6) Direct expenditures for each of the major 
criminal justice functions, police, corrections, and ju-
dicial services, have increased steadily over the last 
30 years. In fiscal year 2012, Federal, State, and 
local 
governments 
spent 
an 
estimated 
$265,000,000,000 for police protection, corrections, 
and judicial and legal services, nearly a 213-percent 
increase since 1982. 
(7) Estimates suggest that each year the 
United States incurs over $8,000,000,000 in long- 
term costs for the confinement of young people. The 
average annual cost to incarcerate one youth is 
$146,302. 
(8) Coordinated efforts of stakeholders in the 
juvenile justice system in a local community, to-
gether with other organizations and community 
members concerned with the safety and welfare of 
children, have a strong record of demonstrated suc-
cess in reducing the impact of youth and gang-re-
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lated crime and violence, as demonstrated in Boston, 
Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Richmond, Vir-
ginia; Los Angeles, California; and other commu-
nities. 
(9) Investment in prevention and intervention 
programs for children and youth, including quality 
early childhood programs, comprehensive evidence- 
based school, after school, and summer school pro-
grams, mentoring programs, mental health and 
treatment programs, evidence-based job training 
programs, and alternative intervention programs, 
has been shown to lead to decreased youth arrests, 
decreased delinquency, lower recidivism, and greater 
financial savings from an educational, economic, so-
cial, and criminal justice perspective. 
(10) Quality early childhood education pro-
grams have been demonstrated to help children start 
school ready to learn and to reduce delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity risks. 
(11) Evidence-based mentoring programs have 
been shown to prevent youth drug abuse and vio-
lence. 
(12) Evidence-based school-based comprehen-
sive instructional programs that pair youth with re-
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sponsible adult mentors have been shown to have a 
strong impact upon delinquency prevention. 
(13) After-school programs that connect chil-
dren to caring adults and that provide constructive 
activities during the peak hours of juvenile delin-
quency and criminal street gang activity, between 3 
p.m. and 6 p.m., have been shown to reduce delin-
quency and the attendant costs imposed on the juve-
nile and criminal justice systems. 
(14) States with higher levels of educational at-
tainment have been shown to have crime rates lower 
than the national average. Researchers have found 
that a 5-percent increase in male high school grad-
uation rates would produce an annual estimated sav-
ings of $18,500,000,000 in crime-related expenses. 
(15) Therapeutic programs that engage and 
motivate high-risk youth and their families to 
change behaviors that often result in criminal activ-
ity have been shown to significantly reduce recidi-
vism among juvenile offenders, and significantly re-
duce the attendant costs of crime and delinquency 
imposed upon the juvenile and criminal justice sys-
tems. 
(16) Comprehensive programs that target kids 
who are already serious juvenile offenders by ad-
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dressing the multiple factors in peer, school, neigh-
borhood, and family environments known to be re-
lated to delinquency can reduce recidivism among ju-
venile offenders and save the public significant eco-
nomic costs. 
(17) There are many alternatives to incarcer-
ation of youth that have been proven to be more ef-
fective in reducing crime and violence at the Na-
tional, State, local, and tribal levels, and the failure 
to provide for such effective alternatives is a perva-
sive problem that leads to increased youth, and later 
adult, crime and violence. 
(18) Savings achieved through early interven-
tion and prevention are significant, especially when 
noncriminal 
justice 
social, 
educational, 
mental 
health, and economic outcomes are considered. 
(19) The prevention of child abuse and neglect 
can help stop a cycle of violence and save up to 
$5.00 for every $1.00 invested in preventing such 
abuse and neglect. 
(20) Targeting interventions at special youth 
risk groups and focusing upon relatively low-cost 
interventions increases the probability of fiscal ben-
efit. 
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(21) Evidence-based intervention treatment fa-
cilities have been shown to reduce youth delinquency 
and to be cost-effective. 
(22) States, including Wisconsin, Ohio, New 
York, Texas, and Pennsylvania, have seen a reduc-
tion in juvenile incarceration due to a reallocation of 
criminal justice funds towards prevention programs. 
CHAPTER 1—FEDERAL COORDINATION OF 
LOCAL AND TRIBAL JUVENILE JUS-
TICE INFORMATION AND EFFORTS 
SEC. 214. PROMISE ADVISORY PANEL. 
(a) ORGANIZATION
OF STATE ADVISORY GROUP 
MEMBER REPRESENTATIVES.—Section 223(f) of the Ju-
venile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 
(42 U.S.C. 5633(f)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘an eligible 
organization composed of member representatives of 
the State advisory groups appointed under sub-
section (a)(3)’’ and inserting ‘‘a nonpartisan, non-
profit organization that is described in section 
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,’’; 
and 
(2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as fol-
lows: 
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‘‘(2) ASSISTANCE.—To be eligible to receive 
such assistance, such organization shall— 
‘‘(A) be governed by individuals who— 
‘‘(i) have been appointed by a chief 
executive of a State to serve as a State ad-
visory group member under subsection 
(a)(3); and 
‘‘(ii) are elected to serve as a gov-
erning officer of such organization by a 
majority of the Chairs (or Chair-designees) 
of all such State advisory groups; 
‘‘(B) include member representatives from 
a majority of such State advisory groups, who 
shall be representative of regionally and demo-
graphically diverse States and jurisdictions; 
‘‘(C) annually seek appointments by the 
chief executive of each State of one State advi-
sory group member and one alternate State ad-
visory group member from each such State to 
implement the advisory functions specified in 
clauses (iv) and (v) of subparagraph (D), in-
cluding serving on the PROMISE Advisory 
Panel, and make a record of any such appoint-
ments available to the public; and 
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‘‘(D) agree to carry out activities that in-
clude— 
‘‘(i) conducting an annual conference 
of such member representatives for pur-
poses relating to the activities of such 
State advisory groups; 
‘‘(ii) disseminating information, data, 
standards, advanced techniques, and pro-
gram models; 
‘‘(iii) reviewing Federal policies re-
garding juvenile justice and delinquency 
prevention; 
‘‘(iv) advising the Administrator with 
respect to particular functions or aspects 
of the work of the Office, and appointing 
a representative, diverse group of members 
of such organization under subparagraph 
(C) to serve as an advisory panel of State 
juvenile justice advisors (referred to as the 
‘PROMISE Advisory Panel’) to carry out 
the functions specified in subsection (g); 
and 
‘‘(v) advising the President and Con-
gress with regard to State perspectives on 
the operation of the Office and Federal 
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legislation pertaining to juvenile justice 
and delinquency prevention.’’. 
(b) PROMISE ADVISORY PANEL.—Section 223 of 
the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5633) is further amended by adding at 
the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(g) PROMISE ADVISORY PANEL.— 
‘‘(1) FUNCTIONS.—The PROMISE Advisory 
Panel required under subsection (f)(2)(D) shall— 
‘‘(A) assess successful evidence-based and 
promising practices related to juvenile delin-
quency and criminal street gang activity preven-
tion and intervention carried out by PROMISE 
Coordinating Councils under such Act; 
‘‘(B) provide the Administrator with a list 
of individuals and organizations with experience 
in administering or evaluating practices that 
serve youth involved in, or at risk of involve-
ment in, juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity, from which the Adminis-
trator shall select individuals who shall— 
‘‘(i) provide to the Administrator peer 
reviews of applications submitted by units 
of local government and Indian tribes pur-
suant to title II of such Act, to ensure that 
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such applications demonstrate a clear plan 
to— 
‘‘(I) serve youth as part of an en-
tire family unit; and 
‘‘(II) coordinate the delivery of 
service to youth among agencies; and 
‘‘(ii) advise the Administrator with re-
spect to the award and allocation of 
PROMISE Planning grants to local and 
tribal governments that develop PROMISE 
Coordinating Councils, and of PROMISE 
Implementation grants to such PROMISE 
Coordinating Councils, pursuant to title II 
of such Act; and 
‘‘(C) develop performance standards to be 
used to evaluate programs and activities carried 
out with grants under title II of the Youth 
PROMISE Act, including the evaluation of 
changes achieved as a result of such programs 
and activities related to decreases in juvenile 
delinquency and criminal street gang activity, 
including— 
‘‘(i) prevention of involvement by at- 
risk youth in juvenile delinquency or crimi-
nal street gang activity; 
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‘‘(ii) diversion of youth with a high 
risk of continuing involvement in juvenile 
delinquency or criminal street gang activ-
ity; and 
‘‘(iii) financial savings from deferred 
or eliminated costs, or other benefits, as a 
result of such programs and activities, and 
the reinvestment by the unit or tribe of 
any such savings. 
‘‘(2) ANNUAL
REPORT.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of the enactment of the Youth 
PROMISE Act, and annually thereafter, the PROM-
ISE Advisory Panel shall prepare a report con-
taining the findings and determinations under para-
graph (1)(A) and shall submit such report to Con-
gress, the President, the Attorney General, and the 
chief executive and chief law enforcement officer of 
each State, unit of local government, and Indian 
tribe.’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
299(a)(1) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preven-
tion Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5671(a)(1)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007’’and insert-
ing ‘‘2016 through 2020’’. 
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SEC. 215. GEOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCE ALLO-
CATION. 
(a) GRANT FOR COLLECTION OF DATA TO DETER-
MINE NEED.—Subject to the availability of appropria-
tions, the Administrator shall award a grant, on a com-
petitive basis, to an organization to— 
(1) collect and analyze data related to the exist-
ing juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang ac-
tivity prevention and intervention needs and re-
sources in each designated geographic area; 
(2) use the data collected and analyzed under 
paragraph (1) to compile a list of designated geo-
graphic areas that have the most need of resources, 
based on such data, to carry out juvenile delin-
quency and criminal street gang activity prevention 
and intervention; 
(3) use the data collected and analyzed under 
paragraph (1) to rank the areas listed under para-
graph (2) in descending order by the amount of need 
for resources to carry out juvenile delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity prevention and inter-
vention, ranking the area with the greatest need for 
such resources highest; and 
(4) periodically update the list and rankings 
under paragraph (3) as the Administrator deter-
mines to be appropriate. 
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(b) DATA SOURCES.—In compiling such list and de-
termining such rankings, the organization shall collect and 
analyze data relating to juvenile delinquency and criminal 
street gang activity prevention and intervention— 
(1) using the geographic information system 
and Web-based mapping application known as the 
Socioeconomic Mapping and Resource Topography 
(SMART) system; 
(2) from the Department of Health and Human 
Services, the Department of Labor, the Department 
of Housing and Urban Development, and the De-
partment of Education; and 
(3) from the annual KIDS Count Data Book 
and other data made available by the KIDS Count 
initiative of the Annie E. Casey Foundation. 
(c) USE OF DATA BY THE ADMINISTRATOR.—The list 
and rankings required by this section shall be provided 
to the Administrator to be used to provide funds under 
this Act in the most strategic and effective manner to en-
sure that resources and services are provided to youth in 
the communities with the greatest need for such resources 
and services. 
(d) LIMITATION ON USE OF COLLECTED DATA.— 
The information collected and analyzed under this section 
may not be used for any purpose other than to carry out 
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the purposes of this Act. Such information may not be 
used for any purpose related to the investigation or pros-
ecution of any person, or for profiling of individuals based 
on race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, or any other 
characteristic. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
AND LIMITATION
OF APPRO-
PRIATIONS.—Of the amount made available under section 
224 to carry out this Act— 
(1) for fiscal year 2016, not more than 5 per-
cent of such amount, or $1,000,000, whichever is 
less, shall be made available to carry out this sec-
tion; and 
(2) for fiscal years 2017 through 2020, not 
more than 2 percent of such amount, or $400,000, 
whichever is less, shall be made available to carry 
out this section. 
CHAPTER 2—PROMISE GRANTS 
SEC. 216. PURPOSES. 
The purposes of the grant programs established 
under this chapter are to— 
(1) enable local and tribal communities to as-
sess the unmet needs of youth who are involved in, 
or are at risk of involvement in, juvenile delinquency 
or criminal street gangs; 
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(2) develop plans appropriate for a community 
to address those unmet needs with juvenile delin-
quency and gang prevention and intervention prac-
tices; and 
(3) implement and evaluate such plans in a 
manner consistent with this Act. 
Subchapter A—PROMISE Assessment and 
Planning Grants 
SEC. 217. PROMISE ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING GRANTS 
AUTHORIZED. 
(a) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.—The Administrator is 
authorized to award grants to units of local government 
and Indian tribes to assist PROMISE Coordinating Coun-
cils with planning and assessing evidence-based and prom-
ising practices relating to juvenile delinquency and crimi-
nal street gang activity prevention and intervention, espe-
cially for youth who are involved in, or who are at risk 
of involvement in, juvenile delinquency and criminal street 
gang activity. Such PROMISE Coordinating Councils 
shall— 
(1) conduct an objective needs and strengths 
assessment in accordance with section 203; and 
(2) develop a PROMISE Plan in accordance 
with section 204, based on the assessment conducted 
in accordance with section 203. 
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(b) GRANT
DURATION, AMOUNT, AND
ALLOCA-
TION.— 
(1) DURATION.—A grant awarded under this 
section shall be for a period not to exceed one year. 
(2) 
MAXIMUM
GRANT
AMOUNT.—A 
grant 
awarded under this section shall not exceed 
$300,000. 
(c) ALLOCATION.— 
(1) MINIMUM
ALLOCATION.—Subject to the 
availability of appropriations, the Administrator 
shall ensure that the total funds allocated under this 
section to units of local governments and Indian 
tribes in a State shall not be less than $1,000,000. 
(2) RATABLE
REDUCTION.—If the amount 
made available for grants under this section for any 
fiscal year is less than the amount required to pro-
vide the minimum allocation of funds under para-
graph (1) to units of local government and Indian 
tribes in each State, then the amount of such min-
imum allocation shall be ratably reduced. 
SEC. 218. PROMISE COORDINATING COUNCILS. 
To be eligible to receive a grant under this subtitle, 
a unit of local government or an Indian tribe shall estab-
lish a PROMISE Coordinating Council for each commu-
nity of such unit or tribe, respectively, for which such unit 
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or tribe is applying for a grant under this subtitle. Each 
such community shall include one or more designated geo-
graphic areas identified on the list required under section 
102(a)(2). The members of such a PROMISE Coordi-
nating Council shall be representatives of public and pri-
vate sector entities and individuals that— 
(1) shall include, to the extent possible, at least 
one representative from each of the following: 
(A) the local chief executive’s office; 
(B) a local educational agency; 
(C) a local health agency or provider; 
(D) a local mental health agency or pro-
vider, unless the representative under subpara-
graph (C) also meets the requirements of this 
subparagraph; 
(E) a local public housing agency; 
(F) a local law enforcement agency; 
(G) a local child welfare agency; 
(H) a local juvenile court; 
(I) a local juvenile prosecutor’s office; 
(J) a private juvenile residential care enti-
ty; 
(K) a local juvenile public defender’s office; 
(L) a State juvenile correctional entity; 
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(M) a local business community represent-
ative; and 
(N) a local faith-based community rep-
resentative; 
(2) shall include two representatives from each 
of the following: 
(A) parents who have minor children, and 
who have an interest in the local juvenile or 
criminal justice systems; 
(B) youth between the ages of 15 and 24 
who reside in the jurisdiction of the unit or 
tribe; and 
(C) members from nonprofit community- 
based organizations that provide effective delin-
quency prevention and intervention to youth in 
the jurisdiction of the unit or tribe; and 
(3) may include other members, as the unit or 
tribe determines to be appropriate. 
SEC. 219. NEEDS AND STRENGTHS ASSESSMENT. 
(a) ASSESSMENT.—Each PROMISE Coordinating 
Council receiving funds from a unit of local government 
or Indian tribe under this subtitle shall conduct an objec-
tive strengths and needs assessment of the resources of 
the community for which such PROMISE Coordinating 
Council was established, to identify the unmet needs of 
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youth in the community with respect to evidence-based 
and promising practices related to juvenile delinquency 
and criminal street gang activity prevention and interven-
tion. The PROMISE Coordinating Council shall consult 
with a research partner receiving a grant under section 
302 for assistance with such assessment. Such assessment 
shall include, with respect to the community for which 
such PROMISE Coordinating Council was established— 
(1) the number of youth who are at-risk of in-
volvement in juvenile delinquency or street gang ac-
tivity; 
(2) the number of youth who are involved in ju-
venile delinquency or criminal street gang activity, 
including the number of such youth who are at high 
risk of continued involvement; 
(3) youth unemployment rates during the sum-
mer; 
(4) the number of individuals on public finan-
cial assistance (including a breakdown of the num-
bers of men, women, and children on such assist-
ance); 
(5) the estimated number of youth who are 
chronically truant; 
(6) the number of youth who have dropped out 
of school in the previous year; 
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(7) for the year before such assessment, the es-
timated total amount expended (by the community 
and other entities) for the incarceration of offenders 
who were convicted or adjudicated delinquent for an 
offense that was committed in such community, in-
cluding amounts expended for the incarceration of 
offenders in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities that 
are located in the United States but are not located 
in such community; 
(8) a comparison of the amount under para-
graph (7) with an estimation of the amount that 
would be expended for the incarceration of offenders 
described in such paragraph if the number of offend-
ers described in such paragraph was equal to the na-
tional average incarceration rate per 100,000 popu-
lation; and 
(9) a description of evidence-based and prom-
ising practices related to juvenile delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity prevention available for 
youth in the community, including school-based pro-
grams, after school programs (particularly programs 
that have activities available for youth between 3 
p.m. and 6 p.m. in the afternoon), weekend activities 
and programs, youth mentoring programs, faith and 
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community-based programs, summer activities, and 
summer jobs, if any; and 
(10) a description of evidence-based and prom-
ising intervention practices available for youth in the 
community. 
(b) LIMITATION ON USE OF ASSESSMENT INFORMA-
TION.—Information gathered pursuant to this section may 
be used for the sole purpose of developing a PROMISE 
Plan in accordance with this subtitle. 
SEC. 220. PROMISE PLAN COMPONENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Each PROMISE Coordinating 
Council receiving funds from a unit of local government 
or Indian tribe under this subtitle shall develop a PROM-
ISE Plan to provide for the coordination of, and, as appro-
priate, to support the delivery of, evidence-based and 
promising practices related to juvenile delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity prevention and intervention 
to youth and families who reside in the community for 
which such PROMISE Coordinating Council was estab-
lished. Such a PROMISE Plan shall— 
(1) include the strategy by which the PROM-
ISE Coordinating Council plans to prioritize and al-
locate resources and services toward the unmet 
needs of youth in the community, consistent with the 
needs and available resources of communities with 
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the greatest need for assistance, as determined pur-
suant to section 102; 
(2) include a combination of evidence-based and 
promising prevention and intervention practices that 
are responsive to the needs of the community; and 
(3) ensure that cultural and linguistic needs of 
the community are met. 
(b) MANDATORY COMPONENTS.—Each PROMISE 
Plan shall— 
(1) include a plan to connect youth identified in 
paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 204(a) to evi-
dence-based and promising practices related to juve-
nile delinquency and criminal street gang activity 
prevention and intervention; 
(2) identify the amount or percentage of local 
funds that are available to the PROMISE Coordi-
nating Council to carry out the PROMISE Plan; 
(3) provide strategies to improve indigent de-
fense delivery systems, with particular attention 
given to groups of children who are disproportion-
ately represented in the State delinquency system 
and Federal criminal justice system, as compared to 
the representation of such groups in the general 
population of the State; 
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(4) provide for training (which complies with 
the American Bar Association Juvenile Justice 
Standards for the representation and care of youth 
in the juvenile justice system) of prosecutors, de-
fenders, probation officers, judges and other court 
personnel related to issues concerning the develop-
mental needs, challenges, and potential of youth in 
the juvenile justice system (including training re-
lated to adolescent development and mental health 
issues, and the expected impact of evidence-based 
practices and cost reduction strategies); 
(5) ensure that the number of youth involved in 
the juvenile delinquency and criminal justice systems 
does not increase as a result of the activities under-
taken with the funds provided under this subtitle; 
(6) describe the coordinated strategy that will 
be used by the PROMISE Coordinating Council to 
provide at-risk youth with evidence-based and prom-
ising practices related to juvenile delinquency and 
criminal street gang activity prevention and inter-
vention; 
(7) propose the performance evaluation process 
to be used to carry out section 211(d), which shall 
include performance measures to assess efforts to 
address the unmet needs of youth in the community 
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with evidence-based and promising practices related 
to juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang ac-
tivity prevention and intervention; and 
(8) identify the research partner the PROMISE 
Coordinating Council will use to obtain information 
on evidence-based and promising practices related to 
juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang activ-
ity prevention and intervention, and for the evalua-
tion under section 211(d) of the results of the activi-
ties carried out with funds under this subtitle. 
(c) VOLUNTARY COMPONENTS.—In addition to the 
components under subsection (b), a PROMISE Plan may 
include evidence-based or promising practices related to 
juvenile delinquency and criminal street gang activity pre-
vention and intervention in the following categories: 
(1) Early childhood development services (such 
as prenatal and neonatal health services), early 
childhood prevention, voluntary home visiting pro-
grams, nurse-family partnership programs, par-
enting and healthy relationship skills training, child 
abuse prevention programs, Early Head Start, and 
Head Start. 
(2) Child protection and safety services (such as 
foster care and adoption assistance programs), fam-
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ily stabilization programs, child welfare services, and 
family violence intervention programs. 
(3) Youth and adolescent development services, 
including job training and apprenticeship programs, 
job placement and retention training, education and 
after school programs (such as school programs with 
shared governance by students, teachers, and par-
ents, and activities for youth between the hours of 
3 p.m. and 6 p.m. in the afternoon), mentoring pro-
grams, conflict resolution skills training, sports, 
arts, life skills, employment and recreation pro-
grams, summer jobs, and summer recreation pro-
grams, and alternative school resources for youth 
who have dropped out of school or demonstrate 
chronic truancy. 
(4) Health and mental health services, includ-
ing cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, and 
peer mentoring and counseling. 
(5) Substance abuse counseling and treatment 
services, including harm-reduction strategies. 
(6) Emergency, transitional, and permanent 
housing assistance (such as safe shelter and housing 
for runaway and homeless youth). 
(7) Targeted gang prevention, intervention, and 
exit services such as tattoo removal, successful mod-
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116 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) In this subsection, the term ‘chief law en-
forcement officer’ means the chief of police, the 
sheriff, or an equivalent officer or the designee of 
any such individual.’’; and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (s), as so re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(t)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person who is not 
a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed 
dealer to transfer a firearm to any other person who is 
not so licensed, unless a licensed importer, licensed manu-
facturer, or licensed dealer has first taken possession of 
the firearm for the purpose of complying with subsection 
(s). Upon taking possession of the firearm, the licensee 
shall comply with all requirements of this chapter as if 
the licensee were transferring the firearm from the inven-
tory of the licensee to the unlicensed transferee. 
‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to— 
‘‘(A) a transfer of a firearm by or to any law 
enforcement agency or any law enforcement officer, 
armed private security professional, or member of 
the armed forces, to the extent the officer, profes-
sional, or member is acting within the course and 
scope of employment and official duties; 
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