I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4227 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk sales of ammunition, 
promote recordkeeping and reporting about ammunition, end ammunition 
straw purchasing, and require a background check before the transfer 
of ammunition by certain Federal firearms licensees to non-licensees. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 27, 2025 
Mr. GARCIA of California (for himself, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mr. 
FROST, Mr. LYNCH, Mr. THANEDAR, Ms. STANSBURY, Mr. TORRES of 
New York, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Mrs. RAMIREZ, Mr. VARGAS, Ms. 
BALINT, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. QUIGLEY, Ms. SEWELL, Mr. ESPAILLAT, 
Mr. GOLDMAN of New York, Ms. BROWNLEY, Mr. SWALWELL, Mr. 
MULLIN, Mr. MAGAZINER, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Ms. KELLY of Illinois, Mr. 
CASTEN, and Mr. DELUZIO) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prevent bulk 
sales of ammunition, promote recordkeeping and report-
ing about ammunition, end ammunition straw pur-
chasing, and require a background check before the 
transfer of ammunition by certain Federal firearms li-
censees to non-licensees. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Ammunition Mod-
ernization and Monitoring Oversight Act’’ or the ‘‘AMMO 
Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FEDERAL LICENSE REQUIRED TO DEAL IN AMMUNI-
TION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922(a)(1)(B) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘or licensed manufacturer’’ and 
inserting ‘‘licensed manufacturer, or licensed deal-
er’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘or manufacturing’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘manufacturing, or dealing in’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) 
DEFINITION
OF
DEALER.—Section 
921(a)(11)(A) of such title is amended by inserting 
‘‘or ammunition’’ after ‘‘firearms’’. 
(2) LICENSE
FEE.—Section 923(a)(3)(B) of 
such title is amended by striking ‘‘who is not a deal-
er in destructive devices’’ and inserting ‘‘in firearms 
other than destructive devices or ammunition for 
firearms other than destructive devices’’. 
SEC. 3. AMMUNITION RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENT 
FOR CERTAIN LICENSEES. 
Section 923(g)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
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(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘or am-
munition’’ after ‘‘firearms’’; and 
(2) in each of subparagraphs (B)(iii) and 
(C)(ii), by inserting ‘‘, or of ammunition,’’ after 
‘‘firearms’’. 
SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON STRAW PURCHASE OF AMMUNI-
TION. 
Section 932 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended in each of subsections (b) and (c)(2), by insert-
ing ‘‘or ammunition’’ after ‘‘firearm’’ each place it ap-
pears. 
SEC. 5. RESTRICTION ON BULK AMMUNITION SALES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(aa)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person licensed 
under this chapter to transfer to a person not so li-
censed— 
‘‘(A) more than 100 rounds of .50 caliber am-
munition or more than 1,000 rounds of any other 
caliber of ammunition in any period of 5 consecutive 
days; or 
‘‘(B) any ammunition if— 
‘‘(i) the transferee has not provided to the 
transferor a written certification, signed by the 
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transferee, attesting that the purchase of the 
ammunition would not result in the transferee 
having acquired more than 100 rounds of .50 
caliber ammunition or more than 1,000 rounds 
of any other caliber of ammunition, in the 5- 
day period ending with the date of the transfer; 
or 
‘‘(ii) the transferor knows or has reason to 
believe that the transfer would result in the 
transferee having acquired more than 100 
rounds of .50 caliber ammunition or more than 
1,000 rounds of any other caliber of ammuni-
tion, in the 5-day period ending with the date 
of the transfer. 
‘‘(2)(A) It shall be unlawful for a person licensed 
under this chapter to transfer ammunition to a person not 
so licensed, unless the transferee— 
‘‘(i) has presented to the licensee a valid identi-
fication document (as defined in section 1028(d)) on 
which appears— 
‘‘(I) the name and address of the trans-
feree; 
‘‘(II) a number unique to the transferee; 
and 
‘‘(III) the signature of the transferee; and 
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‘‘(ii) has entered the name, address, and signa-
ture of the transferee on, and otherwise completed, 
such form as the Attorney General shall prescribe, 
which shall include the written certification de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(B), and a statement of the 
penalties for violating this subsection. 
‘‘(B) It shall be unlawful for any person in connection 
with the purchase or attempted purchase of ammunition 
to knowingly make any false or fictitious oral or written 
statement or to furnish or exhibit any false, fictitious, or 
misrepresented identification, intended or likely to deceive 
the seller with respect to any fact material to the lawful-
ness of the sale of the ammunition under this chapter. 
‘‘(C)(i) Within 30 calendar days after the date a per-
son licensed under this chapter transfers ammunition in 
a transaction subject to paragraph (1), the licensee shall 
transmit to the Attorney General a paper or electronic 
copy of the form completed by the transferee pursuant to 
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. 
‘‘(ii) The Attorney General shall determine, on the 
basis of the forms transmitted pursuant to clause (i) of 
this subparagraph, whether a transfer of ammunition has 
been made in violation of paragraph (1)(A). 
‘‘(iii) Within 60 days after receipt of a form pursuant 
to clause (i), the Attorney General shall destroy the form 
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‘‘(ii) imprisoned not more than 5 years; or 
‘‘(iii) both. 
‘‘(C) Whoever knowingly violates subparagraph (C)(i) 
or (D) of section 922(aa)(2) shall be fined not more than 
$10,000.’’. 
(c) SIGNAGE REQUIREMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 923(g) of such title 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) Each person licensed under this chapter shall 
post at the premises of the licensee subject to the license 
a sign on which there is set forth, in accordance with regu-
lations prescribed by the Attorney General— 
‘‘(A) a summary of paragraphs (1) and (2)(B) 
of section 922(aa), and the penalties for making 
false statements on a written certification made pur-
suant to section 922(aa)(1)(B)(i); and 
‘‘(B) a summary of the provisions of section 
932 relating to ammunition, and the penalties for 
violating those provisions.’’. 
(2) PENALTY.—Section 924 of such title is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(q) CIVIL PENALTY FOR FAILURE OF LICENSEE TO 
POST
SIGN
ABOUT
RESTRICTIONS
ON
AMMUNITION 
SALES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
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‘‘(A) CIVIL
PENALTY.—With respect to 
each violation of section 923(g)(8) by a person 
licensed under this chapter, the Attorney Gen-
eral may, after notice and opportunity for hear-
ing, subject the licensee to a civil penalty in an 
amount equal to $10,000. 
‘‘(B) REVIEW.—An action under this para-
graph may be reviewed only as provided under 
section 923(f). 
‘‘(2) ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES.—The imposi-
tion of a civil penalty under paragraph (1) shall not 
preclude any administrative remedy that is otherwise 
available to the Attorney General.’’. 
SEC. 6. BACKGROUND CHECK REQUIRED BEFORE TRANS-
FER OF AMMUNITION BY CERTAIN FEDERAL 
FIREARMS LICENSEES TO NON-LICENSEES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (s) and redesignating 
subsection (t) as subsection (s); 
(2) in subsection (s) (as so redesignated)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(B)(i), by inserting 
‘‘indicating that the receipt of a firearm or am-
munition by such other person would not violate 
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subsection (g) or (n) of this section, or State, 
local, or Tribal law’’ before the semicolon; 
(B) in paragraph (3)(C)(ii), by striking 
‘‘(as defined in subsection (s)(8))’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) In this subsection, the term ‘chief law enforce-
ment officer’ means the chief of police, the sheriff, or an 
equivalent officer or the designee of any such individual.’’; 
and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (s) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(t)(1) A licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or 
licensed dealer shall not transfer ammunition to another 
person not licensed under this chapter, unless— 
‘‘(A) before the completion of the transfer, the 
licensee contacts the national instant criminal back-
ground check system established under section 103 
of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act; 
‘‘(B) the system provides the licensee with a 
unique identification number indicating that— 
‘‘(i) the receipt of a firearm or ammunition 
by such other person would not violate sub-
section (g) or (n) of this section, or State, local, 
or Tribal law; and 
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‘‘(ii) if such other person has not attained 
21 years of age, that a transfer of a firearm or 
ammunition to such other person would not vio-
late subsection (d) of this section; and 
‘‘(C) the licensee has verified the identity of 
such other person by examining a valid identification 
document (as defined in section 1028(d) of this title) 
of such other person containing a photograph of 
such other person. 
‘‘(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an ammunition 
transfer between a licensee and another person if— 
‘‘(A) such other person has presented to the li-
censee a permit that— 
‘‘(i) allows such other person to possess or 
acquire ammunition, or to possess or acquire a 
firearm; and 
‘‘(ii) was issued not more than 5 years ear-
lier by the State in which the transfer is to take 
place; and 
‘‘(B) the law of the State provides that such a 
permit is to be issued only after an authorized gov-
ernment official has verified that the information 
available to such official does not indicate that pos-
session of ammunition by such other person would 
be in violation of law. 
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‘‘(3) Paragraphs (2) and (4) through (7) of sub-
section (s) shall apply with respect to ammunition trans-
fers pursuant to this subsection in the same manner in 
which such paragraphs apply with respect to firearm 
transfers. 
‘‘(4) It shall be unlawful for a licensed importer, li-
censed manufacturer, or licensed dealer to transfer posses-
sion of ammunition to another person not so licensed un-
less the licensee has provided such other person with a 
notice of the prohibition under paragraph (1), and such 
other person has certified that such other person has been 
provided with this notice on a form prescribed by the At-
torney General.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) SECTION
922.—Section 922(y)(2) of title 
18, United States Code, is amended, in the matter 
preceding 
subparagraph 
(A), 
by 
striking 
‘‘, 
(g)(5)(B), and (s)(3)(B)(v)(II)’’ and inserting ‘‘and 
(g)(5)(B)’’. 
(2) CONSOLIDATED AND FURTHER CONTINUING 
APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2012.—Section 511 of title V 
of division B of the Consolidated and Further Con-
tinuing Appropriations Act, 2012 (34 U.S.C. 40901 
note) is amended by striking ‘‘subsection 922(t)’’ 
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