dren and students from birth through grade 12 
to develop oral language, reading comprehen-
sion, and writing abilities through evidence- 
based instruction and practices; 
(F) improving student achievement by es-
tablishing literacy initiatives that provide ex-
plicit and systematic instruction in oral lan-
guage, reading, and writing development across 
the curriculum; 
(G) identifying and supporting students 
who are reading and writing below grade level 
by providing evidence-based intensive interven-
tions, including extended learning time, to help 
such students acquire the language and literacy 
skills they need to graduate from secondary 
school; 
(H) providing assistance to eligible entities 
in order to provide educators with high-quality 
professional development in the essential com-
ponents of early literacy instruction and the es-
sential components of reading and writing in-
struction; 
(I) supporting State educational agencies 
and local educational agencies in using age- and 
developmentally appropriate instructional mate-
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rials and strategies, including those consistent 
with universal design for learning, that assist 
teachers as they work with students to develop 
reading and writing competencies appropriate 
to the student’s grade and skill levels; 
(J) supporting State educational agencies 
and eligible entities in improving reading, writ-
ing, and academic achievement for children and 
students, especially those that are low-income, 
limited English proficient, migratory, Indian or 
Alaskan Native, neglected or delinquent, home-
less, in the custody of the child welfare system, 
those that have disabilities, or those who have 
dropped out of school; and 
(K) strengthening coordination among 
schools, early learning programs, early literacy 
programs, family literacy programs, juvenile 
justice programs, public libraries, and outside- 
of-school programs that provide children and 
youth with strategies, curricula, interventions, 
and assessments designed to advance early and 
continuing language and literacy development in 
ways appropriate for each context. 
SEC. 4. PROGRAMS AUTHORIZED. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized— 
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(1) to award State planning grants in accord-
ance with subsection (b) and section 5; and 
(2) to award State implementation grants in ac-
cordance with subsection (b) and section 6 to en-
able— 
(A) the State agency that oversees child 
care programs, in consultation with the State 
Advisory Council on Early Childhood Education 
and Care described in section 642B of the 
Head Start Act and other early childhood agen-
cies, to award subgrants to eligible entities in 
accordance with section 7; 
(B) the State educational agency to award 
subgrants to eligible entities in accordance with 
section 8; and 
(C) the State educational agency to carry 
out the additional State activities described in 
section 9. 
(b) AWARDS TO STATE EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES.— 
(1) DISCRETIONARY GRANTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—If the amount appro-
priated under section 14 for a fiscal year is less 
than $500,000,000 the Secretary shall— 
(i) reserve not more than 5 percent of 
such amount for the national evaluation, 
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dissemination of information, and technical 
assistance under section 10; 
(ii) reserve not more than 5 percent of 
such amount to make awards, on a com-
petitive basis, under section 5; and 
(iii) use the amount not reserved 
under clauses (i) and (ii) to make awards, 
on a competitive basis and based on the 
quality of the applications submitted, to 
State educational agencies that have appli-
cations approved under section 6 to enable 
the agencies to carry out sections 7 
through 9. 
(B) ALLOCATION
OF
FUNDS.—The Sec-
retary shall allocate the funds described in sub-
paragraph (A)(iii) among approved applicants 
on the basis of the relative number or percent-
age of children counted under section 1124(c) 
of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)) in a State 
served by an approved applicant compared to 
the number or percentage of such children in all 
States served by approved applicants, except 
that awards under this paragraph shall be of 
sufficient size and scope to be effective. 
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(2) FORMULA GRANTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—If the amount appro-
priated under section 14 for a fiscal year is 
equal to or exceeds $500,000,000 the Secretary 
shall— 
(i) reserve not more than 5 percent of 
such amount for the national evaluation, 
dissemination of information, and technical 
assistance under section 10; 
(ii) reserve not more than 5 percent of 
such amount to make awards, on a com-
petitive basis, under section 5; 
(iii) reserve a total of 1 percent of 
such amount for— 
(I) allotments for the United 
States Virgin Islands, Guam, Amer-
ican Samoa, and the Commonwealth 
of the Northern Mariana Islands, to 
be distributed among such outlying 
areas on the basis of their relative 
need, as determined by the Secretary 
in accordance with the purposes of 
this Act; and 
(II) the Secretary of the Interior 
for 
programs 
under 
sections 
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through 9 in schools operated or fund-
ed by the Bureau of Indian Edu-
cation; and 
(iv) use the amount not reserved 
under clauses (i) through (iii) to make 
awards, from allotments under subpara-
graph (B), to State educational agencies 
serving States, excluding States described 
in clause (iii)(I), that have applications ap-
proved under section 6 to enable the agen-
cies to carry out sections 7 through 9. 
(B) STATE ALLOTMENT FORMULA.—From 
the funds described in subparagraph (A)(iv), 
the Secretary shall make an award to each ap-
proved applicant under section 6 on the basis of 
the relative number of children counted under 
section 1124(c) of the Elementary and Sec-
ondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
6333(c)) in the State served by the applicant 
compared to the number of such children in all 
States served by approved applicants. 
(C) PROPORTIONAL
DIVISION.—In each 
fiscal year, the amount reserved under subpara-
graph (A)(iii) shall be divided between the uses 
described in subclauses (I) and (II) of such sub-
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