formation presented by a party that the court determines 
necessary to consider to assure justice. 
‘‘(3) When the agency for good cause finds (and in-
corporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons 
therefor in the rules issued) that notice and public proce-
dure thereon are unnecessary, including because agency 
rule making is undertaken only to correct a de minimis 
technical or clerical error in a previously issued rule or 
for other noncontroversial purposes, the agency may pub-
lish a rule without compliance with subsection (c), (d), (e), 
or (f)(1)–(3) and (f)(4)(B)–(F). If the agency receives sig-
nificant adverse comment within 60 days after publication 
of the rule, it shall treat the notice of the rule as a notice 
of proposed rule making and complete rule making in com-
pliance with subsections (d) and (f). 
‘‘(h) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HEARINGS.— 
When a hearing is required under subsection (e) or is oth-
erwise required by statute or at the agency’s discretion 
before adoption of a rule, the agency shall comply with 
the requirements of sections 556 and 557 in addition to 
the requirements of subsection (f) in adopting the rule and 
in providing notice of the rule’s adoption. 
‘‘(i) DATE OF PUBLICATION OF RULE.—The required 
publication or service of a substantive final or interim rule 
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shall be made not less than 30 days before the effective 
date of the rule, except— 
‘‘(1) a substantive rule which grants or recog-
nizes an exemption or relieves a restriction; 
‘‘(2) interpretive rules and statements of policy; 
or 
‘‘(3) as otherwise provided by the agency for 
good cause found and published with the rule. 
‘‘(j) RIGHT TO PETITION.—Each agency shall give 
an interested person the right to petition for the issuance, 
amendment, or repeal of a rule. 
‘‘(k) RULE MAKING GUIDELINES.—(1)(A) The Ad-
ministrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory 
Affairs shall establish guidelines for the assessment, in-
cluding quantitative and qualitative assessment, of the 
costs and benefits of proposed and final rules and other 
economic issues or issues related to risk that are relevant 
to rule making under this title. The rigor of cost-benefit 
analysis required by such guidelines shall be commensu-
rate, in the Administrator’s determination, with the eco-
nomic impact of the rule. 
‘‘(B) To ensure that agencies use the best available 
techniques to quantify and evaluate anticipated present 
and future benefits, costs, other economic issues, and risks 
as accurately as possible, the Administrator of the Office 
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of Information and Regulatory Affairs shall regularly up-
date guidelines established under paragraph (1)(A) of this 
subsection. 
‘‘(2) The Administrator of the Office of Information 
and Regulatory Affairs shall also issue guidelines to pro-
mote coordination, simplification and harmonization of 
agency rules during the rule making process and other-
wise. Such guidelines shall assure that each agency avoids 
regulations that are inconsistent or incompatible with, or 
duplicative of, its other regulations and those of other 
Federal agencies and drafts its regulations to be simple 
and easy to understand, with the goal of minimizing the 
potential for uncertainty and litigation arising from such 
uncertainty. 
‘‘(3) To ensure consistency in Federal rule making, 
the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regu-
latory Affairs shall— 
‘‘(A) issue guidelines and otherwise take action 
to ensure that rule makings conducted in whole or 
in part under procedures specified in provisions of 
law other than those of subchapter II of this title 
conform to the fullest extent allowed by law with the 
procedures set forth in section 553 of this title; and 
‘‘(B) issue guidelines for the conduct of hear-
ings under subsections 553(d)(4) and 553(e) of this 
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section, including to assure a reasonable opportunity 
for cross-examination. Each agency shall adopt regu-
lations for the conduct of hearings consistent with 
the guidelines issued under this subparagraph. 
‘‘(4) The Administrator of the Office of Information 
and Regulatory Affairs shall issue guidelines pursuant to 
the Information Quality Act to apply in rule making pro-
ceedings under sections 553, 556, and 557 of this title. 
In all cases, such guidelines, and the Administrator’s spe-
cific determinations regarding agency compliance with 
such guidelines, shall be entitled to judicial deference. 
‘‘(l) INCLUSION IN THE RECORD OF CERTAIN DOCU-
MENTS AND INFORMATION.—The agency shall include in 
the record for a rule making, and shall make available by 
electronic means and otherwise, all documents and infor-
mation prepared or considered by the agency during the 
proceeding, including, at the discretion of the President 
or the Administrator of the Office of Information and Reg-
ulatory Affairs, documents and information communicated 
by that Office during consultation with the Agency. 
‘‘(m) MONETARY POLICY EXEMPTION.—Nothing in 
subsection (b)(6), subparagraphs (F) and (G) of sub-
section (d)(1), subsection (e), subsection (f)(3), and sub-
paragraphs (C) and (D) of subsection (f)(5) shall apply 
to rule makings that concern monetary policy proposed or 
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