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retary and the Secretary of Transportation shall 
conduct physical testing of the vulnerability of rail 
tank cars used to transport toxic-inhalation-hazard 
materials to different methods of a deliberate attack, 
using technical information and criteria to evaluate 
the structural integrity of railroad tank cars. 
(4) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the 
completion of the assessment under paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall provide to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report, in the appropriate 
format, on such assessment. 
(b) RAIL TANK CAR DISPERSION MODELING.— 
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary, 
acting 
through the National Infrastructure Simulation and 
Analysis Center, shall conduct air dispersion mod-
eling analysis of a release of the contents of a single 
rail tank car of toxic-inhalation-hazard materials in 
at least three high-threat urban areas in the United 
States. 
(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—The analysis under this 
subsection shall take into account the following con-
siderations: 
(A) A deliberate attack on a rail tank car 
transporting toxic-inhalation-hazard materials, 
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including the most likely means of attack and 
the resulting dispersal rate. 
(B) Different times of day, to account for 
differences in population size and density in the 
urban area, as well as differences in cloud cov-
erage over the affected regions. 
(C) Historically accurate wind speeds, tem-
peratures and directions. 
(D) The difference between a rail tank car 
in motion and a stationary rail tank car. 
(E) Emergency response procedures by 
local officials, including the availability of med-
ical countermeasures to treat exposures to 
toxic-inhalation-hazard materials. 
(F) Any other considerations the Secretary 
believes would develop an accurate, plausible 
dispersion model for toxic-inhalation-hazard 
materials released from a rail tank car as a re-
sult of a terrorist act. 
(3) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the disper-
sion modeling under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
and the Secretary of Transportation shall consult 
with the appropriate State, local, and tribal officials 
of the high-threat urban area selected, and with 
other Federal agencies as appropriate. 
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(4) INFORMATION SHARING.—Upon completion 
of the analysis required under paragraph (1), the 
Secretary shall share the information developed with 
the appropriate stakeholders within each high-threat 
urban area selected, given appropriate information 
protection provisions as may be required by the Sec-
retary. 
(5) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after 
completion of all dispersion analyses under para-
graph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report detailing 
the Secretary’s conclusions and findings in an appro-
priate format. 
SEC. 127. RAIL RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR DETECTION. 
(a) PROTOTYPE.—Not later than one year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Domestic Nuclear De-
tection Office shall begin testing and evaluation of proto-
type systems to detect nuclear or radiological materials in 
rail security venues, including spectroscopic technologies. 
(b) STRATEGY.—Upon successful developmental test-
ing and evaluation of such radiation detection technologies 
at Domestic Nuclear Detection Office test facilities, as 
well as extensive testing and evaluation in operational en-
vironments, the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office shall, 
in coordination with Customs and Border Protection and 
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the Transportation Security Administration, ensure ap-
propriate training, operations, and response protocols are 
established and, shall develop a deployment strategy to de-
tect nuclear or radiological materials arriving in or trans-
porting through the United States by rail. Such strategy 
shall consider the integration of radiation detection tech-
nologies with other nonintrusive inspection technologies, 
including imagery and density scanning, in order to utilize 
existing rail examination facilities and further strengthen 
border security. 
(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than Sep-
tember 30, 2008, the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office 
shall transmit to Congress a report. Such report shall— 
(1) describe the progress of testing and evalua-
tion under subsection (a); and 
(2) in coordination with U.S. Customs and Bor-
der Protection and the Transportation Security Ad-
ministration, describe the development of a strategy 
under subsection (b). 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Domestic Nuclear De-
tection Office, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and 
the Transportation Security Administration shall begin 
implementation of the strategy developed under subsection 
(b) after verification of systems performance. 
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SEC. 128. REQUIREMENT TO PROVIDE PREFERENCE TO 
QUALIFIED 
ANTI-TERRORISM 
TECH-
NOLOGIES. 
(a) PREFERENCE.—In using grant funds provided 
under this Act to purchase products, equipment, services, 
devices, or technologies to be employed in the implementa-
tion of any security plan required under this Act, a grant 
recipient should, to the extent practicable, give preference 
to products, equipment, services, devices, and technologies 
that the Secretary has designated as qualified anti-ter-
rorism technologies under the Support Anti-terrorism by 
Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002 (subtitle G 
of title VIII of the Homeland Security Act of 2002; 6 
U.S.C. 441 et seq.), if the grant recipient determines that 
such a product, equipment, service, device, or technology 
meets or exceeds the requirements of the security plan. 
(b) SAVINGS PROVISION.—Nothing in this section 
shall affect grant recipient requirements pursuant to sec-
tion 5323(j) of title 49, United States Code, section 
24305(f) of title 49, United States Code, and the Buy 
American Act (41 U.S.C. 10). 
SEC. 129. PROMOTING LIABILITY PROTECTIONS FOR PRO-
VIDERS OF COVERED TRANSPORTATION AND 
RELATED TECHNOLOGIES. 
The Secretary shall work with providers of covered 
transportation to identify for procurement products, 
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