I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5543 
To require the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of 
Defense, to submit a report on emerging threats posed to the Republics 
of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 23, 2025 
Mr. BELL (for himself, Mr. BACON, Mr. CARBAJAL, Ms. ANSARI, Mr. 
AUCHINCLOSS, Mr. BISHOP, Ms. BUDZINSKI, Mr. BOYLE of Pennsyl-
vania, Mr. CARSON, Mr. CASE, Mrs. CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Mr. 
COSTA, Mr. DAVIS of North Carolina, Mr. DOGGETT, Ms. ELFRETH, Mr. 
FITZPATRICK, Mr. GOLDMAN of New York, Ms. GOODLANDER, Mr. 
GOTTHEIMER, Ms. JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. KEATING, Mrs. KIGGANS of 
Virginia, Mr. LANDSMAN, Ms. MCBRIDE, Mr. MEEKS, Mr. MOORE of 
Utah, Mr. PANETTA, Mrs. RADEWAGEN, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Mr. SUOZZI, 
Mr. TURNER of Ohio, Mrs. WAGNER, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. 
HURD of Colorado, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, and Mr. COHEN) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs 
A BILL 
To require the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Secretary of Defense, to submit a report on emerging 
threats posed to the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and 
Lithuania, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Baltic Security Assess-
ment Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) supporting and strengthening the security 
of the Republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 
is in the national security interests of the United 
States; 
(2) continuing to strengthen and update the se-
curity cooperation roadmap for the United States 
and the Baltic countries is critical to achieving stra-
tegic security priorities as the Republics of Estonia, 
Latvia, and Lithuania face ongoing belligerence and 
threats from the Russian Federation, including amid 
the Russian Federation’s illegal and unprovoked war 
in Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022; 
(3) Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have been 
valued members of the North Atlantic Treaty Orga-
nization (NATO) and continue to contribute to the 
organizations’ collective security and partnership; 
and 
(4) improved economic ties between the United 
States, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, including to 
counter economic pressure by the People’s Republic 
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of China, offer an opportunity to strengthen the 
United States-Baltic strategic partnership. 
SEC. 3. REPORT ON EMERGING THREATS TO THE BALTIC 
COUNTRIES. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordi-
nation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report on— 
(1) emerging military, cyber, hybrid, and polit-
ical threats posed to the Republic of Estonia, the 
Republic of Latvia, and the Republic of Lithuania 
(in this section referred to collectively as the ‘‘Baltic 
countries’’); 
(2) the roles of the Russian Federation, the Re-
public of Belarus, the People’s Republic of China, 
the Islamic Republic of Iran, and other malign ac-
tors in advancing such threats; 
(3) the current posture and presence of United 
States and NATO forces in the region in deterring 
such threats; 
(4) opportunities to enhance bilateral and mul-
tilateral defense cooperation between the United 
States and the Baltic countries; and 
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(5) recommendations for strengthening the de-
terrence posture, cybersecurity infrastructure, and 
democratic resilience of the Baltic countries. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassifed form and may contain 
a classified annex. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 
Æ 
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