122
‘‘(B) has established a specialized cul-
turally specific program that addresses domestic 
violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or 
stalking; 
‘‘(C) has a primary focus on underserved 
populations (and includes representatives of 
these populations) and domestic violence, dating 
violence, sexual assault, or stalking; or 
‘‘(D) obtains expertise, or shows dem-
onstrated capacity to work effectively, on do-
mestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, 
and stalking through collaboration. 
‘‘(4) COURT-BASED AND COURT-RELATED PER-
SONNEL.—The term ‘court-based’ and ‘court-related 
personnel’ mean persons working in the court, 
whether paid or volunteer, including—
‘‘(A) clerks, special masters, domestic rela-
tions officers, administrators, mediators, cus-
tody evaluators, guardians ad litem, lawyers, 
negotiators, probation, parole, interpreters, vic-
tim assistants, victim advocates, and judicial, 
administrative, or any other professionals or 
personnel similarly involved in the legal process; 
‘‘(B) court security personnel;
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‘‘(C) personnel working in related, supple-
mentary offices or programs (such as child sup-
port enforcement); and 
‘‘(D) any other court-based or community-
based personnel having responsibilities or au-
thority to address domestic violence, dating vio-
lence, sexual assault, or stalking in the court 
system. 
‘‘(5) DOMESTIC VIOLENCE.—The term ‘domes-
tic violence’ includes felony or misdemeanor crimes 
of violence committed by a current or former spouse 
of the victim, by a person with whom the victim 
shares a child in common, by a person who is co-
habitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as 
a spouse, by a person similarly situated to a spouse 
of the victim under the domestic or family violence 
laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies, or by 
any other person against an adult, youth, or minor 
victim who is protected from that person’s acts 
under the domestic or family violence laws of the ju-
risdiction receiving grant monies. 
‘‘(6) DATING
PARTNER.—The term ‘dating 
partner’ refers to a person who is or has been in an 
ongoing social relationship of a romantic or intimate
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nature with the abuser, and existence of such a rela-
tionship based on a consideration of—
‘‘(A) the length of the relationship; 
‘‘(B) the type of relationship; and 
‘‘(C) the frequency of interaction between 
the persons involved in the relationship. 
‘‘(7) DATING VIOLENCE.—The term ‘dating vio-
lence’ means violence committed by a person—
‘‘(A) who is or has been in an ongoing so-
cial relationship of a romantic or intimate na-
ture with the victim; and 
‘‘(B) where the existence of such a rela-
tionship shall be determined based on a consid-
eration of the following factors: 
‘‘(i) The length of the relationship. 
‘‘(ii) The type of relationship. 
‘‘(iii) The frequency of interaction be-
tween the persons involved in the relation-
ship. 
‘‘(8) ELDER ABUSE.—The term ‘elder abuse’ 
means any action against a person who is 60 years 
of age or older that constitutes the willful—
‘‘(A) infliction of injury, unreasonable con-
finement, intimidation, or cruel punishment
125
with resulting physical harm, pain, or mental 
anguish; or 
‘‘(B) deprivation by a person, including a 
caregiver, of goods or services that are nec-
essary to avoid physical harm, mental anguish, 
or mental illness. 
‘‘(9) INDIAN.—The term ‘Indian’ means a 
member of an Indian tribe. 
‘‘(10) INDIAN
HOUSING.—The term ‘Indian 
housing’ means housing assistance described in the 
Native American Assistance and Self-Determination 
Act of (25 U.S.C. 4101 et seq., as amended). 
‘‘(11) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian tribe’ 
means a tribe, band, pueblo, nation, or other orga-
nized group or community of Indians, including any 
Alaska Native village or regional or village corpora-
tion (as defined in, or established pursuant to, the 
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
1601 et seq.)), that is recognized as eligible for the 
special programs and services provided by the 
United States to Indians because of their status as 
Indians. 
‘‘(12) INDIAN LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The term 
‘Indian law enforcement’ means the departments or
126
individuals under the direction of the Indian tribe 
that maintain public order. 
‘‘(13) LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The term ‘law en-
forcement’ means a public agency charged with po-
licing functions, including any of its component bu-
reaus (such as governmental victim services pro-
grams), including those referred to in section 3 of 
the Indian Enforcement Reform Act (25 U.S.C. 
2802). 
‘‘(14) LEGAL ASSISTANCE.—The term ‘legal as-
sistance’— 
‘‘(A) includes assistance to adult, youth, 
and minor victims of domestic violence, dating 
violence, sexual assault, and stalking in—
‘‘(i) family, tribal, territorial, immi-
gration, employment, administrative agen-
cy, housing matters, campus administrative 
or protection or stay away order pro-
ceedings, and other similar matters; and 
‘‘(ii) criminal justice investigations, 
prosecutions and post-trial matters (includ-
ing sentencing, parole, and probation) that 
impact the victim’s safety and privacy, 
subject to subparagraph (B); and
127
‘‘(B) does not include representation of a 
defendant in a criminal or juvenile proceeding. 
‘‘(15) LINGUISTICALLY AND CULTURALLY SPE-
CIFIC SERVICES.—The term ‘linguistically and cul-
turally specific services’ means community-based 
services that offer full linguistic access and cul-
turally specific services and resources, including out-
reach, collaboration, and support mechanisms pri-
marily directed toward racial and ethnic populations 
and other underserved communities. 
‘‘(16) PERSONALLY IDENTIFYING INFORMATION 
OR PERSONAL INFORMATION.—The term ‘personally 
identifying information’ or ‘personal information’ 
means individually identifying information for or 
about an individual including information likely to 
disclose the location of a victim of domestic violence, 
dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking, includ-
ing—
‘‘(A) a first and last name; 
‘‘(B) a home or other physical address; 
‘‘(C) contact information (including a post-
al, e-mail or Internet protocol address, or tele-
phone or facsimile number); 
‘‘(D) a social security number; and
128
‘‘(E) any other information, including date 
of birth, racial or ethnic background, or reli-
gious affiliation, that, in combination with any 
of subparagraphs (A) through (D), would serve 
to identify any individual. 
‘‘(17) PROSECUTION.—The term ‘prosecution’ 
means any public agency charged with direct respon-
sibility for prosecuting criminal offenders, including 
such agency’s component bureaus (such as govern-
mental victim services programs). 
‘‘(18) PROTECTION
ORDER
OR
RESTRAINING 
ORDER.—The term ‘protection order’ or ‘restraining 
order’ includes—
‘‘(A) any injunction, restraining order, or 
any other order issued by a civil or criminal 
court for the purpose of preventing violent or 
threatening acts or harassment against, sexual 
violence or contact or communication with or 
physical proximity to, another person, including 
any temporary or final orders issued by civil or 
criminal courts whether obtained by filing an 
independent action or as a pendente lite order 
in another proceeding so long as any civil order 
was issued in response to a complaint, petition,
129
or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seek-
ing protection; and 
‘‘(B) any support, child custody or visita-
tion provisions, orders, remedies, or relief 
issued as part of a protection order, restraining 
order, or stay away injunction pursuant to 
State, tribal, territorial, or local law authorizing 
the issuance of protection orders, restraining 
orders, or injunctions for the protection of vic-
tims of domestic violence, dating violence, sex-
ual assault, or stalking. 
‘‘(19) RURAL AREA AND RURAL COMMUNITY.—
The terms ‘rural area’ and ‘rural community’ 
mean—
‘‘(A) any area or community, respectively, 
no part of which is within an area designated 
as a standard metropolitan statistical area by 
the Office of Management and Budget; or 
‘‘(B) any area or community, respectively, 
that is—
‘‘(i) within an area designated as a 
metropolitan statistical area or considered 
as part of a metropolitan statistical area; 
and 
‘‘(ii) located in a rural census tract.
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‘‘(20) RURAL STATE.—The term ‘rural State’ 
means a State that has a population density of 52 
or fewer persons per square mile or a State in which 
the largest county has fewer than 150,000 people, 
based on the most recent decennial census. 
‘‘(21) SEXUAL ASSAULT.—The term ‘sexual as-
sault’ means any conduct prescribed by chapter 
109A of title 18, United States Code, whether or not 
the conduct occurs in the special maritime and terri-
torial jurisdiction of the United States or in a Fed-
eral prison and includes both assaults committed by 
offenders who are strangers to the victim and as-
saults committed by offenders who are known or re-
lated by blood or marriage to the victim. 
‘‘(22) STALKING.—The term ‘stalking’ means 
engaging in a course of conduct directed at a spe-
cific person that would cause a reasonable person 
to—
‘‘(A) fear for his or her safety or the safety 
of others; or 
‘‘(B) suffer substantial emotional distress. 
‘‘(23) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and except as other-
131
wise provided, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin 
Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands. 
‘‘(24) STATE
DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE
COALI-
TION.—The term ‘State domestic violence coalition’ 
means a program determined by the Administration 
for Children and Families under the Family Violence 
Prevention and Services Act (42 U.S.C. 10410(b)). 
‘‘(25) STATE SEXUAL ASSAULT COALITION.—
The term ‘State sexual assault coalition’ means a 
program determined by the Center for Injury Pre-
vention and Control of the Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention under the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 280b et seq.). 
‘‘(26) TERRITORIAL
DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE
OR 
SEXUAL ASSAULT COALITION.—The term ‘territorial 
domestic violence or sexual assault coalition’ means 
a program addressing domestic violence or sexual as-
sault that is—
‘‘(A) an established nonprofit, nongovern-
mental territorial coalition addressing domestic 
violence or sexual assault within the territory; 
or 
‘‘(B) a nongovernmental organization with 
a demonstrated history of addressing domestic 
violence or sexual assault within the territory
132
that proposes to incorporate as a nonprofit, 
nongovernmental territorial coalition. 
‘‘(27) TRIBAL COALITION.—The term ‘tribal co-
alition’ means—
‘‘(A) an established nonprofit, nongovern-
mental tribal coalition addressing domestic vio-
lence and sexual assault against American In-
dian and Alaskan Native women; or 
‘‘(B) individuals or organizations that pro-
pose to incorporate as nonprofit, nongovern-
mental tribal coalitions to address domestic vio-
lence and sexual assault against American In-
dian and Alaskan Native women. 
‘‘(28) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘tribal 
government’ means—
‘‘(A) the governing body of an Indian 
tribe; or 
‘‘(B) a tribe, band, pueblo, nation, or other 
organized group or community of Indians, in-
cluding any Alaska Native village or regional or 
village corporation (as defined in, or established 
pursuant to, the Alaska Native Claims Settle-
ment Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.)), that is rec-
ognized as eligible for the special programs and
133
services provided by the United States to Indi-
ans because of their status as Indians. 
‘‘(29) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘trib-
al organization’ means—
‘‘(A) the governing body of any Indian 
tribe; 
‘‘(B) any legally established organization 
of Indians which is controlled, sanctioned, or 
chartered by such governing body of a tribe or 
tribes to be served, or which is democratically 
elected by the adult members of the Indian 
community to be served by such organization 
and which includes the maximum participation 
of Indians in all phases of its activities; or 
‘‘(C) any tribal nonprofit organization. 
‘‘(30) 
UNDERSERVED
POPULATIONS.—The 
term ‘underserved populations’ includes populations 
underserved because of geographic location, under-
served racial and ethnic populations, populations un-
derserved because of special needs (such as language 
barriers, disabilities, alienage status, or age), and 
any other population determined to be underserved 
by the Attorney General. 
‘‘(31) VICTIM
ADVOCATE.—The term ‘victim 
advocate’ means a person, whether paid or serving
134
as a volunteer, who provides services to victims of 
domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating 
violence under the auspices or supervision of a vic-
tim services program. 
‘‘(32) VICTIM
ASSISTANT.—The term ‘victim 
assistant’ means a person, whether paid or serving 
as a volunteer, who provides services to victims of 
domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating 
violence under the auspices or supervision of a court 
or a law enforcement or prosecution agency. 
‘‘(33) VICTIM
SERVICES
OR
VICTIM
SERVICE 
PROVIDER.—The term ‘victim services’ or ‘victim 
service provider’ means a nonprofit, nongovern-
mental organization that assists domestic violence, 
dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking victims, 
including rape crisis centers, domestic violence shel-
ters, faith-based organizations, and other organiza-
tions, with a documented history of effective work, 
or a demonstrated capacity to work effectively in col-
laboration with an organization with a documented 
history of effective work, concerning domestic vio-
lence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking. 
‘‘(34) YOUTH.—The term ‘youth’ means teen 
and young adult victims of domestic violence, dating 
violence, sexual assault, or stalking.