based on risk assessments that take into 
account relevant international guidelines 
and scientific data, and are not more re-
strictive on trade than necessary to meet 
the intended purpose; and 
(iv) improve import check processes, 
including testing methodologies and proce-
dures, and certification requirements, 
while recognizing that countries may put in 
place measures to protect human, animal or 
plant life or health in a manner consistent with 
their international obligations, including the 
WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary 
and Phytosanitary Measures (referred to in sec-
tion 101(d)(3) of the Uruguay Round Agree-
ments Act (19 U.S.C. 3511(d)(3))); 
(B) reducing or eliminating, by a date cer-
tain, tariffs or other charges that decrease mar-
ket opportunities for United States exports— 
(i) giving priority to those products 
that are subject to significantly higher tar-
iffs or subsidy regimes of major producing 
countries; and 
(ii) providing reasonable adjustment 
periods for United States import sensitive 
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products, in close consultation with Con-
gress on such products before initiating 
tariff reduction negotiations; 
(C) reducing tariffs to levels that are the 
same as or lower than those in the United 
States; 
(D) reducing or eliminating subsidies that 
decrease market opportunities for United States 
exports or unfairly distort agriculture markets 
to the detriment of the United States; 
(E) allowing the preservation of programs 
that support family farms and rural commu-
nities but do not distort trade; 
(F) developing disciplines for domestic sup-
port programs, so that production that is in ex-
cess of domestic food security needs is sold at 
world prices; 
(G) eliminating government policies that 
create price depressing surpluses; 
(H) eliminating state trading enterprises 
whenever possible; 
(I) developing, strengthening, and clari-
fying rules to eliminate practices that unfairly 
decrease United States market access opportu-
nities or distort agricultural markets to the det-
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riment of the United States, and ensuring that 
such rules are subject to efficient, timely, and 
effective dispute settlement, including— 
(i) unfair or trade distorting activities 
of state trading enterprises and other ad-
ministrative mechanisms, with emphasis on 
requiring price transparency in the oper-
ation of state trading enterprises and such 
other mechanisms in order to end cross 
subsidization, price discrimination, and 
price undercutting; 
(ii) unjustified trade restrictions or 
commercial requirements, such as labeling, 
that affect new technologies, including bio-
technology; 
(iii) 
unjustified 
sanitary 
or 
phytosanitary restrictions, including re-
strictions not based on scientific principles 
in contravention of obligations in the Uru-
guay Round Agreements or bilateral or re-
gional trade agreements; 
(iv) other unjustified technical bar-
riers to trade; and 
(v) restrictive rules in the administra-
tion of tariff rate quotas; 
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(J) eliminating practices that adversely af-
fect trade in perishable or cyclical products, 
while improving import relief mechanisms to 
recognize the unique characteristics of perish-
able and cyclical agriculture; 
(K) ensuring that import relief mecha-
nisms for perishable and cyclical agriculture are 
as accessible and timely to growers in the 
United States as those mechanisms that are 
used by other countries; 
(L) taking into account whether a party to 
the negotiations has failed to adhere to the pro-
visions of already existing trade agreements 
with the United States or has circumvented ob-
ligations under those agreements; 
(M) taking into account whether a product 
is subject to market distortions by reason of a 
failure of a major producing country to adhere 
to the provisions of already existing trade 
agreements with the United States or by the 
circumvention by that country of its obligations 
under those agreements; 
(N) otherwise ensuring that countries that 
accede to the World Trade Organization have 
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made meaningful market liberalization commit-
ments in agriculture; 
(O) taking into account the impact that 
agreements covering agriculture to which the 
United States is a party have on the United 
States agricultural industry; 
(P) maintaining bona fide food assistance 
programs, market development programs, and 
export credit programs; 
(Q) seeking to secure the broadest market 
access possible in multilateral, regional, and bi-
lateral negotiations, recognizing the effect that 
simultaneous sets of negotiations may have on 
United States import sensitive commodities (in-
cluding those subject to tariff rate quotas); 
(R) seeking to develop an international 
consensus on the treatment of seasonal or per-
ishable agricultural products in investigations 
relating to dumping and safeguards and in any 
other relevant area; 
(S) seeking to establish the common base 
year for calculating the Aggregated Measure-
ment of Support (as defined in the Agreement 
on Agriculture) as the end of each country’s 
Uruguay Round implementation period, as re-
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ported in each country’s Uruguay Round mar-
ket access schedule; 
(T) ensuring transparency in the adminis-
tration of tariff rate quotas through multilat-
eral, plurilateral, and bilateral negotiations; and 
(U) eliminating and preventing the under-
mining of market access for United States 
products through improper use of a country’s 
system for protecting or recognizing geo-
graphical indications, including failing to ensure 
transparency and procedural fairness and pro-
tecting generic terms. 
(4) FOREIGN INVESTMENT.—Recognizing that 
United States law on the whole provides a high level 
of protection for investment, consistent with or 
greater than the level required by international law, 
the principal negotiating objectives of the United 
States regarding foreign investment are to reduce or 
eliminate artificial or trade distorting barriers to for-
eign investment, while ensuring that foreign inves-
tors in the United States are not accorded greater 
substantive rights with respect to investment protec-
tions than United States investors in the United 
States, and to secure for investors important rights 
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(i) mechanisms to eliminate frivolous 
claims and to deter the filing of frivolous 
claims; 
(ii) procedures to ensure the efficient 
selection of arbitrators and the expeditious 
disposition of claims; 
(iii) procedures to enhance opportuni-
ties for public input into the formulation of 
government positions; and 
(iv) providing for an appellate body or 
similar mechanism to provide coherence to 
the interpretations of investment provisions 
in trade agreements; and 
(H) ensuring the fullest measure of trans-
parency in the dispute settlement mechanism, 
to the extent consistent with the need to protect 
information that is classified or business con-
fidential, by— 
(i) ensuring that all requests for dis-
pute settlement are promptly made public; 
(ii) ensuring that— 
(I) all proceedings, submissions, 
findings, and decisions are promptly 
made public; and 
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(II) all hearings are open to the 
public; and 
(iii) establishing a mechanism for ac-
ceptance of amicus curiae submissions 
from businesses, unions, and nongovern-
mental organizations. 
(5) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.—The principal 
negotiating objectives of the United States regarding 
trade related intellectual property are— 
(A) to further promote adequate and effec-
tive protection of intellectual property rights, 
including through— 
(i)(I) ensuring accelerated and full 
implementation of the Agreement on Trade 
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 
Rights referred to in section 101(d)(15) of 
the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (19 
U.S.C. 3511(d)(15)), particularly with re-
spect to meeting enforcement obligations 
under that agreement; and 
(II) ensuring that the provisions of 
any trade agreement governing intellectual 
property rights that is entered into by the 
United States reflect a standard of protec-
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tion similar to that found in United States 
law; 
(ii) providing strong protection for 
new and emerging technologies and new 
methods of transmitting and distributing 
products embodying intellectual property, 
including in a manner that facilitates le-
gitimate digital trade; 
(iii) preventing or eliminating dis-
crimination with respect to matters affect-
ing the availability, acquisition, scope, 
maintenance, use, and enforcement of in-
tellectual property rights; 
(iv) ensuring that standards of protec-
tion and enforcement keep pace with tech-
nological developments, and in particular 
ensuring that rightholders have the legal 
and technological means to control the use 
of their works through the Internet and 
other global communication media, and to 
prevent the unauthorized use of their 
works; 
(v) providing strong enforcement of 
intellectual 
property 
rights, 
including 
through accessible, expeditious, and effec-
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tive civil, administrative, and criminal en-
forcement mechanisms; and 
(vi) preventing or eliminating govern-
ment involvement in the violation of intel-
lectual property rights, including cyber 
theft and piracy; 
(B) to secure fair, equitable, and non-
discriminatory market access opportunities for 
United States persons that rely upon intellec-
tual property protection; and 
(C) to respect the Declaration on the 
TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, adopted 
by the World Trade Organization at the Fourth 
Ministerial Conference at Doha, Qatar on No-
vember 14, 2001, and to ensure that trade 
agreements foster innovation and promote ac-
cess to medicines. 
(6) DIGITAL TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES 
AND
CROSS-BORDER
DATA
FLOWS.—The principal 
negotiating objectives of the United States with re-
spect to digital trade in goods and services, as well 
as cross-border data flows, are— 
(A) to ensure that current obligations, 
rules, disciplines, and commitments under the 
World Trade Organization and bilateral and re-
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gional trade agreements apply to digital trade 
in goods and services and to cross-border data 
flows; 
(B) to ensure that— 
(i) electronically delivered goods and 
services receive no less favorable treatment 
under trade rules and commitments than 
like products delivered in physical form; 
and 
(ii) the classification of such goods 
and services ensures the most liberal trade 
treatment possible, fully encompassing 
both existing and new trade; 
(C) to ensure that governments refrain 
from implementing trade related measures that 
impede digital trade in goods and services, re-
strict cross-border data flows, or require local 
storage or processing of data; 
(D) with respect to subparagraphs (A) 
through (C), where legitimate policy objectives 
require domestic regulations that affect digital 
trade in goods and services or cross-border data 
flows, to obtain commitments that any such 
regulations are the least restrictive on trade, 
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nondiscriminatory, and transparent, and pro-
mote an open market environment; and 
(E) to extend the moratorium of the World 
Trade Organization on duties on electronic 
transmissions. 
(7) REGULATORY
PRACTICES.—The principal 
negotiating objectives of the United States regarding 
the use of government regulation or other practices 
to reduce market access for United States goods, 
services, and investments are— 
(A) to achieve increased transparency and 
opportunity for the participation of affected 
parties in the development of regulations; 
(B) to require that proposed regulations be 
based on sound science, cost benefit analysis, 
risk assessment, or other objective evidence; 
(C) to establish consultative mechanisms 
and seek other commitments, as appropriate, to 
improve regulatory practices and promote in-
creased 
regulatory 
coherence, 
including 
through— 
(i) transparency in developing guide-
lines, rules, regulations, and laws for gov-
ernment procurement and other regulatory 
regimes; 
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(ii) the elimination of redundancies in 
testing and certification; 
(iii) early consultations on significant 
regulations; 
(iv) the use of impact assessments; 
(v) the periodic review of existing reg-
ulatory measures; and 
(vi) the application of good regulatory 
practices; 
(D) to seek greater openness, trans-
parency, and convergence of standards-develop-
ment processes, and enhance cooperation on 
standards issues globally; 
(E) to promote regulatory compatibility 
through harmonization, equivalence, or mutual 
recognition of different regulations and stand-
ards and to encourage the use of international 
and interoperable standards, as appropriate; 
(F) to achieve the elimination of govern-
ment measures such as price controls and ref-
erence pricing which deny full market access for 
United States products; 
(G) to ensure that government regulatory 
reimbursement regimes are transparent, provide 
procedural fairness, are non-discriminatory, and 
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provide full market access for United States 
products; and 
(H) to ensure that foreign governments— 
(i) demonstrate that the collection of 
undisclosed proprietary information is lim-
ited to that necessary to satisfy a legiti-
mate and justifiable regulatory interest; 
and 
(ii) protect such information against 
disclosure, 
except 
in 
exceptional 
cir-
cumstances to protect the public, or where 
such information is effectively protected 
against unfair competition. 
(8) STATE-OWNED
AND
STATE-CONTROLLED 
ENTERPRISES.—The principal negotiating objective 
of the United States regarding competition by state- 
owned and state-controlled enterprises is to seek 
commitments that— 
(A) eliminate or prevent trade distortions 
and unfair competition favoring state-owned 
and state-controlled enterprises to the extent of 
their engagement in commercial activity, and 
(B) ensure that such engagement is based 
solely on commercial considerations, 
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in particular through disciplines that eliminate or 
prevent discrimination and market-distorting sub-
sidies and that promote transparency. 
(9) LOCALIZATION BARRIERS TO TRADE.—The 
principal negotiating objective of the United States 
with respect to localization barriers is to eliminate 
and prevent measures that require United States 
producers and service providers to locate facilities, 
intellectual property, or other assets in a country as 
a market access or investment condition, including 
indigenous innovation measures. 
(10) LABOR
AND
THE
ENVIRONMENT.—The 
principal negotiating objectives of the United States 
with respect to labor and the environment are— 
(A) to ensure that a party to a trade 
agreement with the United States— 
(i) adopts and maintains measures 
implementing 
internationally 
recognized 
core labor standards (as defined in section 
11(17)) and its obligations under common 
multilateral environmental agreements (as 
defined in section 11(6)), 
(ii) does not waive or otherwise dero-
gate from, or offer to waive or otherwise 
derogate from— 
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(I) its statutes or regulations im-
plementing internationally recognized 
core labor standards (as defined in 
section 11(17)), in a manner affecting 
trade or investment between the 
United States and that party, where 
the waiver or derogation would be in-
consistent with one or more such 
standards, or 
(II) its environmental laws in a 
manner that weakens or reduces the 
protections afforded in those laws and 
in a manner affecting trade or invest-
ment between the United States and 
that party, except as provided in its 
law and provided not inconsistent with 
its obligations under common multi-
lateral environmental agreements (as 
defined in section 11(6)) or other pro-
visions of the trade agreement specifi-
cally agreed upon, and 
(iii) does not fail to effectively enforce 
its environmental or labor laws, through a 
sustained or recurring course of action or 
inaction, 
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in a manner affecting trade or investment be-
tween the United States and that party after 
entry into force of a trade agreement between 
those countries; 
(B) to recognize that— 
(i) with respect to environment, par-
ties to a trade agreement retain the right 
to exercise prosecutorial discretion and to 
make decisions regarding the allocation of 
enforcement resources with respect to 
other environmental laws determined to 
have higher priorities, and a party is effec-
tively enforcing its laws if a course of ac-
tion or inaction reflects a reasonable, bona 
fide exercise of such discretion, or results 
from a reasonable, bona fide decision re-
garding the allocation of resources; and 
(ii) with respect to labor, decisions re-
garding the distribution of enforcement re-
sources are not a reason for not complying 
with a party’s labor obligations; a party to 
a trade agreement retains the right to rea-
sonable exercise of discretion and to make 
bona fide decisions regarding the allocation 
of resources between labor enforcement ac-
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tivities among core labor standards, pro-
vided the exercise of such discretion and 
such decisions are not inconsistent with its 
obligations; 
(C) to strengthen the capacity of United 
States trading partners to promote respect for 
core labor standards (as defined in section 
11(17)); 
(D) to strengthen the capacity of United 
States trading partners to protect the environ-
ment through the promotion of sustainable de-
velopment; 
(E) to reduce or eliminate government 
practices or policies that unduly threaten sus-
tainable development; 
(F) to seek market access, through the 
elimination of tariffs and nontariff barriers, for 
United 
States 
environmental 
technologies, 
goods, and services; 
(G) to ensure that labor, environmental, 
health, or safety policies and practices of the 
parties to trade agreements with the United 
States do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably dis-
criminate against United States exports or 
serve as disguised barriers to trade; 
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(H) to ensure that enforceable labor and 
environment obligations are subject to the same 
dispute settlement and remedies as other en-
forceable obligations under the agreement; and 
(I) to ensure that a trade agreement is not 
construed to empower a party’s authorities to 
undertake labor or environmental law enforce-
ment activities in the territory of the United 
States. 
(11) CURRENCY.—The principal negotiating ob-
jective of the United States with respect to currency 
practices is that parties to a trade agreement with 
the United States avoid manipulating exchange rates 
in order to prevent effective balance of payments ad-
justment or to gain an unfair competitive advantage 
over other parties to the agreement, such as through 
cooperative mechanisms, enforceable rules, reporting, 
monitoring, transparency, or other means, as appro-
priate. 
(12) WTO AND MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREE-
MENTS.—Recognizing that the World Trade Organi-
zation is the foundation of the global trading system, 
the principal negotiating objectives of the United 
States regarding the World Trade Organization, the 
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Uruguay Round Agreements, and other multilateral 
and plurilateral trade agreements are— 
(A) to achieve full implementation and ex-
tend the coverage of the World Trade Organiza-
tion and multilateral and plurilateral agree-
ments to products, sectors, and conditions of 
trade not adequately covered; 
(B) to expand country participation in and 
enhancement of the Information Technology 
Agreement, 
the 
Government 
Procurement 
Agreement, and other plurilateral trade agree-
ments of the World Trade Organization; 
(C) to expand competitive market opportu-
nities for United States exports and to obtain 
fairer and more open conditions of trade, in-
cluding through utilization of global value 
chains, through the negotiation of new WTO 
multilateral and plurilateral trade agreements, 
such as an agreement on trade facilitation; 
(D) to ensure that regional trade agree-
ments to which the United States is not a party 
fully achieve the high standards of, and comply 
with, WTO disciplines including Article XXIV 
of GATT 1994, Article V and V bis of the Gen-
eral Agreement on Trade in Services, and the 
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Enabling Clause, including through meaningful 
WTO review of such regional trade agreements; 
(E) to enhance compliance by WTO mem-
bers with their obligations as WTO members 
through active participation in the bodies of the 
World Trade Organization by the United States 
and all other WTO members, including in the 
trade policy review mechanism and the com-
mittee system of the World Trade Organization, 
and by working to increase the effectiveness of 
such bodies; and 
(F) to encourage greater cooperation be-
tween the World Trade Organization and other 
international organizations. 
(13) TRADE
INSTITUTION
TRANSPARENCY.— 
The principal negotiating objective of the United 
States with respect to transparency is to obtain 
wider and broader application of the principle of 
transparency in the World Trade Organization, enti-
ties established under bilateral and regional trade 
agreements, and other international trade fora 
through seeking— 
(A) timely public access to information re-
garding trade issues and the activities of such 
institutions; 
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(B) openness by ensuring public access to 
appropriate meetings, proceedings, and submis-
sions, including with regard to trade and invest-
ment dispute settlement; and 
(C) public access to all notifications and 
supporting documentation submitted by WTO 
members. 
(14) ANTI-CORRUPTION.—The principal negoti-
ating objectives of the United States with respect to 
the use of money or other things of value to influ-
ence acts, decisions, or omissions of foreign govern-
ments or officials or to secure any improper advan-
tage in a manner affecting trade are— 
(A) to obtain high standards and effective 
domestic enforcement mechanisms applicable to 
persons from all countries participating in the 
applicable trade agreement that prohibit such 
attempts to influence acts, decisions, or omis-
sions of foreign governments; 
(B) to ensure that such standards level the 
playing field for United States persons in inter-
national trade and investment; and 
(C) to seek commitments to work jointly to 
encourage and support anti-corruption and 
anti-bribery initiatives in international trade 
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fora, including through the Convention on Com-
bating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in 
International Business Transactions of the Or-
ganization for Economic Cooperation and De-
velopment, done at Paris December 17, 1997 
(commonly known as the ‘‘OECD Anti-Bribery 
Convention’’). 
(15) DISPUTE
SETTLEMENT
AND
ENFORCE-
MENT.—The principal negotiating objectives of the 
United States with respect to dispute settlement and 
enforcement of trade agreements are— 
(A) to seek provisions in trade agreements 
providing for resolution of disputes between 
governments under those trade agreements in 
an effective, timely, transparent, equitable, and 
reasoned manner, requiring determinations 
based on facts and the principles of the agree-
ments, with the goal of increasing compliance 
with the agreements; 
(B) to seek to strengthen the capacity of 
the Trade Policy Review Mechanism of the 
World Trade Organization to review compliance 
with commitments; 
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(C) to seek adherence by panels convened 
under the Dispute Settlement Understanding 
and by the Appellate Body to— 
(i) the mandate of those panels and 
the Appellate Body to apply the WTO 
Agreement as written, without adding to or 
diminishing rights and obligations under 
the Agreement; and 
(ii) the standard of review applicable 
under the Uruguay Round Agreement in-
volved in the dispute, including greater 
deference, where appropriate, to the fact 
finding and technical expertise of national 
investigating authorities; 
(D) to seek provisions encouraging the 
early identification and settlement of disputes 
through consultation; 
(E) to seek provisions to encourage the 
provision of trade expanding compensation if a 
party to a dispute under the agreement does 
not come into compliance with its obligations 
under the agreement; 
(F) to seek provisions to impose a penalty 
upon a party to a dispute under the agreement 
that— 
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(i) encourages compliance with the ob-
ligations of the agreement; 
(ii) is appropriate to the parties, na-
ture, subject matter, and scope of the vio-
lation; and 
(iii) has the aim of not adversely af-
fecting parties or interests not party to the 
dispute while maintaining the effectiveness 
of the enforcement mechanism; and 
(G) to seek provisions that treat United 
States principal negotiating objectives equally 
with respect to— 
(i) the ability to resort to dispute set-
tlement under the applicable agreement; 
(ii) the availability of equivalent dis-
pute settlement procedures; and 
(iii) the availability of equivalent rem-
edies. 
(16) TRADE REMEDY LAWS.—The principal ne-
gotiating objectives of the United States with respect 
to trade remedy laws are— 
(A) to preserve the ability of the United 
States to enforce rigorously its trade laws, in-
cluding the antidumping, countervailing duty, 
and safeguard laws, and avoid agreements that 
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lessen the effectiveness of domestic and inter-
national disciplines on unfair trade, especially 
dumping and subsidies, or that lessen the effec-
tiveness of domestic and international safeguard 
provisions, in order to ensure that United 
States workers, agricultural producers, and 
firms can compete fully on fair terms and enjoy 
the benefits of reciprocal trade concessions; and 
(B) to address and remedy market distor-
tions that lead to dumping and subsidization, 
including overcapacity, cartelization, and mar-
ket access barriers. 
(17) BORDER
TAXES.—The principal negoti-
ating objective of the United States regarding border 
taxes is to obtain a revision of the rules of the World 
Trade Organization with respect to the treatment of 
border adjustments for internal taxes to redress the 
disadvantage to countries relying primarily on direct 
taxes for revenue rather than indirect taxes. 
(18) TEXTILE
NEGOTIATIONS.—The principal 
negotiating objectives of the United States with re-
spect to trade in textiles and apparel articles are to 
obtain competitive opportunities for United States 
exports of textiles and apparel in foreign markets 
substantially equivalent to the competitive opportu-
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nities afforded foreign exports in United States mar-
kets and to achieve fairer and more open conditions 
of trade in textiles and apparel. 
(c) CAPACITY BUILDING AND OTHER PRIORITIES.— 
In order to address and maintain United States competi-
tiveness in the global economy, the President shall— 
(1) direct the heads of relevant Federal agen-
cies— 
(A) to work to strengthen the capacity of 
United States trading partners to carry out ob-
ligations under trade agreements by consulting 
with any country seeking a trade agreement 
with the United States concerning that coun-
try’s laws relating to customs and trade facilita-
tion, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, 
technical barriers to trade, intellectual property 
rights, labor, and the environment; and 
(B) to provide technical assistance to that 
country if needed; 
(2) seek to establish consultative mechanisms 
among parties to trade agreements to strengthen the 
capacity of United States trading partners to de-
velop and implement standards for the protection of 
the environment and human health based on sound 
science; and 
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(3) promote consideration of multilateral envi-
ronmental agreements and consult with parties to 
such agreements regarding the consistency of any 
such agreement that includes trade measures with 
existing environmental exceptions under Article XX 
of GATT 1994. 
SEC. 3. TRADE AGREEMENTS AUTHORITY. 
(a) AGREEMENTS REGARDING TARIFF BARRIERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Whenever the President de-
termines that one or more existing duties or other 
import restrictions of any foreign country or the 
United States are unduly burdening and restricting 
the foreign trade of the United States and that the 
purposes, policies, priorities, and objectives of this 
Act will be promoted thereby, the President— 
(A) may enter into trade agreements with 
foreign countries before— 
(i) July 1, 2018; or 
(ii) July 1, 2021, if trade authorities 
procedures are extended under subsection 
(c); and 
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) and 
(3), proclaim— 
(i) such modification or continuance 
of any existing duty, 
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(ii) such continuance of existing duty 
free or excise treatment, or 
(iii) such additional duties, 
as the President determines to be required or 
appropriate to carry out any such trade agree-
ment. 
Substantial modifications to, or substantial addi-
tional provisions of, a trade agreement entered into 
after July 1, 2018, or July 1, 2021, if trade authori-
ties procedures are extended under subsection (c), 
shall not be eligible for approval under this Act. 
(2) NOTIFICATION.—The President shall notify 
Congress of the President’s intention to enter into 
an agreement under this subsection. 
(3) LIMITATIONS.—No proclamation may be 
made under paragraph (1) that— 
(A) reduces any rate of duty (other than a 
rate of duty that does not exceed 5 percent ad 
valorem on the date of the enactment of this 
Act) to a rate of duty which is less than 50 per-
cent of the rate of such duty that applies on 
such date of enactment; 
(B) reduces the rate of duty below that ap-
plicable under the Uruguay Round Agreements 
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or a successor agreement, on any import sen-
sitive agricultural product; or 
(C) increases any rate of duty above the 
rate that applied on the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
(4) AGGREGATE REDUCTION; EXEMPTION FROM 
STAGING.— 
(A) AGGREGATE REDUCTION.—Except as 
provided in subparagraph (B), the aggregate re-
duction in the rate of duty on any article which 
is in effect on any day pursuant to a trade 
agreement entered into under paragraph (1) 
shall not exceed the aggregate reduction which 
would have been in effect on such day if— 
(i) a reduction of 3 percent ad valo-
rem or a reduction of 1⁄10 of the total re-
duction, whichever is greater, had taken ef-
fect on the effective date of the first reduc-
tion proclaimed under paragraph (1) to 
carry out such agreement with respect to 
such article; and 
(ii) a reduction equal to the amount 
applicable under clause (i) had taken effect 
at 1-year intervals after the effective date 
of such first reduction. 
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(B) 
EXEMPTION
FROM
STAGING.—No 
staging is required under subparagraph (A) 
with respect to a duty reduction that is pro-
claimed under paragraph (1) for an article of a 
kind that is not produced in the United States. 
The United States International Trade Com-
mission shall advise the President of the iden-
tity of articles that may be exempted from stag-
ing under this subparagraph. 
(5) ROUNDING.—If the President determines 
that such action will simplify the computation of re-
ductions under paragraph (4), the President may 
round an annual reduction by an amount equal to 
the lesser of— 
(A) the difference between the reduction 
without regard to this paragraph and the next 
lower whole number; or 
(B) 1⁄2 of 1 percent ad valorem. 
(6) OTHER LIMITATIONS.—A rate of duty re-
duction that may not be proclaimed by reason of 
paragraph (3) may take effect only if a provision au-
thorizing such reduction is included within an imple-
menting bill provided for under section 6 and that 
bill is enacted into law. 
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(7) OTHER TARIFF MODIFICATIONS.—Notwith-
standing paragraphs (1)(B), (3)(A), (3)(C), and (4) 
through (6), and subject to the consultation and lay-
over requirements of section 115 of the Uruguay 
Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3524), the Presi-
dent may proclaim the modification of any duty or 
staged rate reduction of any duty set forth in Sched-
ule XX, as defined in section 2(5) of that Act (19 
U.S.C. 3501(5)), if the United States agrees to such 
modification or staged rate reduction in a negotia-
tion for the reciprocal elimination or harmonization 
of duties under the auspices of the World Trade Or-
ganization. 
(8) AUTHORITY
UNDER
URUGUAY
ROUND 
AGREEMENTS ACT NOT AFFECTED.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall limit the authority provided to the 
President under section 111(b) of the Uruguay 
Round Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3521(b)). 
(b) AGREEMENTS REGARDING TARIFF AND NON-
TARIFF BARRIERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—(A) Whenever the President 
determines that— 
(i) 1 or more existing duties or any other 
import restriction of any foreign country or the 
United States or any other barrier to, or other 
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distortion of, international trade unduly bur-
dens or restricts the foreign trade of the United 
States or adversely affects the United States 
economy, or 
(ii) the imposition of any such barrier or 
distortion is likely to result in such a burden, 
restriction, or effect, 
and that the purposes, policies, priorities, and objec-
tives of this Act will be promoted thereby, the Presi-
dent may enter into a trade agreement described in 
subparagraph (B) during the period described in 
subparagraph (C). 
(B) The President may enter into a trade 
agreement under subparagraph (A) with foreign 
countries providing for— 
(i) the reduction or elimination of a duty, 
restriction, barrier, or other distortion described 
in subparagraph (A); or 
(ii) the prohibition of, or limitation on the 
imposition of, such barrier or other distortion. 
(C) The President may enter into a trade 
agreement under this paragraph before— 
(i) July 1, 2018; or 
(ii) July 1, 2021, if trade authorities pro-
cedures are extended under subsection (c). 
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Substantial modifications to, or substantial additional pro-
visions of, a trade agreement entered into after July 1, 
2018, or July 1, 2021, if trade authorities procedures are 
extended under subsection (c), shall not be eligible for ap-
proval under this Act. 
(2) CONDITIONS.—A trade agreement may be 
entered into under this subsection only if such 
agreement makes progress in meeting the applicable 
objectives described in subsections (a) and (b) of 
section 2 and the President satisfies the conditions 
set forth in sections 4 and 5. 
(3) BILLS QUALIFYING FOR TRADE AUTHORI-
TIES PROCEDURES.—(A) The provisions of section 
151 of the Trade Act of 1974 (in this Act referred 
to as ‘‘trade authorities procedures’’) apply to a bill 
of either House of Congress which contains provi-
sions described in subparagraph (B) to the same ex-
tent as such section 151 applies to implementing 
bills under that section. A bill to which this para-
graph applies shall hereafter in this Act be referred 
to as an ‘‘implementing bill’’. 
(B) The provisions referred to in subparagraph 
(A) are— 
(i) a provision approving a trade agree-
ment entered into under this subsection and ap-
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proving the statement of administrative action, 
if any, proposed to implement such trade agree-
ment; and 
(ii) if changes in existing laws or new stat-
utory authority are required to implement such 
trade agreement or agreements, only such pro-
visions as are strictly necessary or appropriate 
to implement such trade agreement or agree-
ments, either repealing or amending existing 
laws or providing new statutory authority. 
(c) EXTENSION DISAPPROVAL PROCESS FOR CON-
GRESSIONAL TRADE AUTHORITIES PROCEDURES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sec-
tion 6(b)— 
(A) the trade authorities procedures apply 
to implementing bills submitted with respect to 
trade agreements entered into under subsection 
(b) before July 1, 2018; and 
(B) the trade authorities procedures shall 
be extended to implementing bills submitted 
with respect to trade agreements entered into 
under subsection (b) after June 30, 2018, and 
before July 1, 2021, if (and only if)— 
(i) the President requests such exten-
sion under paragraph (2); and 
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which the President intends to initiate those ne-
gotiations, the specific United States objectives 
for the negotiations with that country, and 
whether the President intends to seek an agree-
ment, or changes to an existing agreement; 
(B) before and after submission of the no-
tice, consult regarding the negotiations with the 
Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Finance 
of the Senate, such other committees of the 
House and Senate as the President deems ap-
propriate, and the House Advisory Group on 
Negotiations and the Senate Advisory Group on 
Negotiations convened under section 4(c); and 
(C) upon the request of a majority of the 
members of either the House Advisory Group 
on Negotiations or the Senate Advisory Group 
on Negotiations convened under section 4(c), 
meet with the requesting congressional advisory 
group before initiating the negotiations or at 
any other time concerning the negotiations. 
(2) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
NOTICE
AND
CON-
SULTATION
ON
DOHA-RELATED
AGREEMENTS.—In 
the case of any plurilateral agreement between the 
United States and one or more WTO members relat-
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