I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3823 
To prevent the illegal sale of firearms, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 6, 2025 
Mr. QUIGLEY (for himself, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 
THANEDAR, Mr. MOULTON, Mr. TORRES of New York, Mr. KENNEDY of 
New York, Mrs. CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Mr. DAVIS of Illinois, Mr. 
KRISHNAMOORTHI, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. AUCHINCLOSS, Mr. BELL, Mr. 
NEGUSE, Mr. LATIMER, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. CASTEN, Mr. SMITH of 
Washington, Ms. JOHNSON of Texas, Mrs. FOUSHEE, Mr. BEYER, Ms. 
SCHAKOWSKY, and Mr. GOLDMAN of New York) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To prevent the illegal sale of firearms, and for other 
purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Trafficking Reduction 
And Criminal Enforcement Act’’ or the ‘‘TRACE Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. REGULATORY REQUIREMENT TO MARK FIREARMS 
WITH SECOND, HIDDEN SERIAL NUMBER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Within 12 months after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall 
promulgate final regulations that require each firearm 
manufactured in the United States on or after the effec-
tive date of the regulation, to be marked with a serial 
number that is located inside the receiver of the firearm 
or that is visible only in infrared light, in addition to the 
serial number with which the firearm is otherwise required 
by law to be marked. 
(b) DEFINITION OF RECEIVER.—Section 921(a) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘, including an unfinished 
frame or receiver’’ after ‘‘such weapon’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘or (D) any destructive de-
vice’’ and inserting ‘‘; (D) any destructive de-
vice; or (E) any combination of parts designed 
or intended for use in converting any device 
into a firearm and from which a firearm may 
be readily assembled’’; 
(2) in paragraph (10)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and the’’ and inserting 
‘‘the’’; and 
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(B) by inserting ‘‘; and the term ‘manufac-
turing firearms’ shall include assembling a 
functional firearm from an unfinished frame or 
receiver or from molding, machining, or 3D 
printing a frame or receiver, and shall not in-
clude making or fitting special barrels, stocks, 
or trigger mechanisms to firearms’’ before the 
period; and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (30) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(31) The term ‘unfinished frame or receiver’ means 
any forging, casting, printing, extrusion, machined body 
or similar article that— 
‘‘(A) has reached a stage in manufacture at 
which it may readily be completed, assembled, or 
converted to be used as the frame or receiver of a 
functional firearm; or 
‘‘(B) is marketed or sold to the public to be-
come or be used as the frame or receiver of a func-
tional firearm once completed, assembled, or con-
verted.’’. 
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SEC. 3. REQUIREMENT TO PRESERVE INSTANT CRIMINAL 
BACKGROUND CHECK RECORDS FOR 180 
DAYS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 922(t)(2)(C) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘after the 
180-day period that begins with the date the system com-
plies with subparagraphs (A) and (B),’’ before ‘‘destroy’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 511 of divi-
sion B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appro-
priations Act, 2012 (34 U.S.C. 40901 note; Public Law 
112–55; 125 Stat. 632) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘for—’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘(1)’’; and 
(2) by striking the semicolon and all that fol-
lows and inserting a period. 
(c) REGULATIONS.—Within 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall 
prescribe regulations to implement the amendments made 
by this section. 
SEC. 4. REQUIREMENT THAT LICENSED FIREARMS DEAL-
ERS CONDUCT PHYSICAL CHECK OF THEIR 
FIREARMS BUSINESS INVENTORY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 923(g) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(8) Each licensee shall conduct a physical check of 
the firearms inventory of the business of the licensee li-
censed under this chapter, in accordance with regulations 
which shall be prescribed by the Attorney General.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The matter under 
the heading ‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ in title II 
of division B of the Consolidated and Further Continuing 
Appropriations Act, 2013 (18 U.S.C. 923 note; Public 
Law 113–6; 127 Stat. 247–248) is amended by striking 
the 5th proviso. 
(c) REGULATIONS.—Within 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall 
prescribe regulations to implement section 923(g)(8) of 
title 18, United States Code. 
SEC. 5. ELIMINATION OF CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. 
(a) CONSOLIDATED AND FURTHER CONTINUING AP-
PROPRIATIONS ACT, 2012.—Title II of division B of the 
Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 
2012 (18 U.S.C. 923 note; Public Law 112–55; 125 Stat. 
609–610) is amended in the matter under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EX-
PLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ by striking the 1st, 
6th, and 7th provisos. 
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(b) CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2010.— 
Division B of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 
(Public Law 111–117) is amended— 
(1) in title II— 
(A) in the 6th proviso under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ 
by striking ‘‘beginning in fiscal year 2010 and 
thereafter’’ and inserting ‘‘in fiscal year 2010’’; 
and 
(B) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BU-
REAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND 
EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES
AND
EXPENSES’’ by 
striking the 7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 511, to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 511. None of the funds appropriated pursuant 
to this Act or any other provision of law may be used for 
the implementation of any tax or fee in connection with 
the implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(c) OMNIBUS APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2009.—Division 
B of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 
111–8) is amended— 
(1) in title II— 
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(A) in the 6th proviso under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ 
by striking ‘‘beginning in fiscal year 2009 and 
thereafter’’ and inserting ‘‘in fiscal year 2009’’; 
and 
(B) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BU-
REAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND 
EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES
AND
EXPENSES’’ by 
striking the 7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 511, to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 511. None of the funds appropriated pursuant 
to this Act or any other provision of law may be used for 
the implementation of any tax or fee in connection with 
the implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(d) CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2008.— 
Division B of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 
(Public Law 110–161) is amended— 
(1) in title II— 
(A) in the 6th proviso under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ 
by striking ‘‘beginning in fiscal year 2008 and 
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thereafter’’ and inserting ‘‘in fiscal year 2008’’; 
and 
(B) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BU-
REAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND 
EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES
AND
EXPENSES’’ by 
striking the 7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 512, to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 512. None of the funds appropriated pursuant 
to this Act or any other provision of law may be used for 
the implementation of any tax or fee in connection with 
the implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(e) SCIENCE, STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, AND RE-
LATED AGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2006.—The 
Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 2006 (Public Law 109–108) is 
amended— 
(1) in title I— 
(A) in the 6th proviso under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ 
by striking ‘‘with respect to any fiscal year’’; 
and 
(B) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BU-
REAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND 
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EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES
AND
EXPENSES’’ by 
striking the 7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 611, to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 611. None of the funds appropriated pursuant 
to this Act or any other provision of law may be used for 
the implementation of any tax or fee in connection with 
the implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(f) CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2005.— 
Division B of the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and 
Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 
108–447) is amended— 
(1) in title I— 
(A) in the 6th proviso under the heading 
‘‘BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS 
AND EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ 
by striking ‘‘with respect to any fiscal year’’; 
and 
(B) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BU-
REAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND 
EXPLOSIVES—SALARIES
AND
EXPENSES’’ by 
striking the 7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 615, to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 615. None of the funds appropriated pursuant 
to this Act or any other provision of law may be used for 
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the implementation of any tax or fee in connection with 
the implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(g) CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2004.— 
Division B of the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and 
Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004 (Public Law 
108–199) is amended— 
(1) in the matter under the heading ‘‘BUREAU 
OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS
AND EXPLO-
SIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES’’ by striking the 
7th proviso; and 
(2) in section 617(a), to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) None of the funds appropriated pursuant to this 
Act or any other provision of law may be used for the 
implementation of any tax or fee in connection with the 
implementation of subsection 922(t) of title 18, United 
States Code.’’. 
(h) CONSOLIDATED APPROPRIATIONS RESOLUTION, 
2003.—Division J of the Consolidated Appropriations 
Resolution, 2003 (5 U.S.C. 552 note; Public Law 108– 
7; 117 Stat. 473–474) is amended in section 644 by strik-
ing ‘‘or any other Act with respect to any fiscal year’’. 
Æ 
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