H. R. 2095 
One Hundred Tenth Congress 
of the 
United States of America 
AT THE SECOND SESSION 
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday, 
the third day of January, two thousand and eight 
An Act 
To amend title 49, United States Code, to prevent railroad fatalities, injuries, 
and hazardous materials releases, to authorize the Federal Railroad Safety Admin-
istration, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
DIVISION A—RAIL SAFETY 
SEC. 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS; AMENDMENT OF TITLE 
49. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This division may be cited as the ‘‘Rail 
Safety Improvement Act of 2008’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this division 
is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents; amendment of title 49. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
Sec. 3. Authorization of appropriations. 
TITLE I—RAILROAD SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS 
Sec. 101. Federal Railroad Administration officers and duties. 
Sec. 102. Railroad safety strategy. 
Sec. 103. Railroad safety risk reduction program. 
Sec. 104. Implementation of positive train control. 
Sec. 105. Railroad safety technology grants. 
Sec. 106. Reports on statutory mandates and recommendations. 
Sec. 107. Rulemaking process. 
Sec. 108. Hours-of-service reform. 
Sec. 109. Protection of railroad safety risk analyses information. 
Sec. 110. Pilot projects. 
TITLE II—HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING AND PEDESTRIAN SAFETY 
AND TRESPASSER PREVENTION 
Sec. 201. Pedestrian crossing safety. 
Sec. 202. State action plans. 
Sec. 203. Improvements to sight distance at highway-rail grade crossings. 
Sec. 204. National crossing inventory. 
Sec. 205. Telephone number to report grade crossing problems. 
Sec. 206. Operation Lifesaver. 
Sec. 207. Federal grants to States for highway-rail grade crossing safety. 
Sec. 208. Trespasser prevention and highway-rail grade crossing safety. 
Sec. 209. Accident and incident reporting. 
Sec. 210. Fostering introduction of new technology to improve safety at highway- 
rail grade crossings. 
TITLE III—FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION 
Sec. 301. Human capital increases. 
Sec. 302. Civil penalty increases. 
Sec. 303. Enforcement report.
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Sec. 304. Expansion of emergency order authority. 
Sec. 305. Prohibition of individuals from performing safety-sensitive functions for a 
violation of hazardous materials transportation law. 
Sec. 306. Railroad radio monitoring authority. 
Sec. 307. Update of Federal Railroad Administration’s website. 
Sec. 308. Emergency waivers. 
Sec. 309. Enforcement by the Attorney General. 
Sec. 310. Criminal penalties. 
TITLE IV—RAILROAD SAFETY ENHANCEMENTS 
Sec. 401. Minimum training standards and plans. 
Sec. 402. Certification of certain crafts or classes of employees. 
Sec. 403. Track inspection time study. 
Sec. 404. Study of methods to improve or correct station platform gaps. 
Sec. 405. Locomotive cab studies. 
Sec. 406. Development and use of rail safety technology. 
Sec. 407. Unified treatment of families of railroad carriers. 
Sec. 408. Study of repeal of Conrail provision. 
Sec. 409. Limitations on non-Federal alcohol and drug testing by railroad carriers. 
Sec. 410. Critical incident stress plan. 
Sec. 411. Railroad carrier employee exposure to radiation study. 
Sec. 412. Alcohol and controlled substance testing for maintenance-of-way employ-
ees. 
Sec. 413. Emergency escape breathing apparatus. 
Sec. 414. Tunnel information. 
Sec. 415. Museum locomotive study. 
Sec. 416. Safety inspections in Mexico. 
Sec. 417. Railroad bridge safety assurance. 
Sec. 418. Railroad safety infrastructure improvement grants. 
Sec. 419. Prompt medical attention. 
Sec. 420. Employee sleeping quarters. 
TITLE V—RAIL PASSENGER DISASTER FAMILY ASSISTANCE 
Sec. 501. Assistance by National Transportation Safety Board to families of pas-
sengers involved in rail passenger accidents. 
Sec. 502. Rail passenger carrier plan to assist families of passengers involved in 
rail passenger accidents. 
Sec. 503. Establishment of task force. 
TITLE VI—CLARIFICATION OF FEDERAL JURISDICTION OVER SOLID 
WASTE FACILITIES 
Sec. 601. Short title. 
Sec. 602. Clarification of general jurisdiction over solid waste transfer facilities. 
Sec. 603. Regulation of solid waste rail transfer facilities. 
Sec. 604. Solid waste rail transfer facility land-use exemption authority. 
Sec. 605. Effect on other statutes and authorities. 
TITLE VII—TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS 
Sec. 701. Technical corrections. 
(c) AMENDMENT OF TITLE 49.—Except as otherwise expressly 
provided, whenever in this division an amendment or repeal is 
expressed in terms of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section 
or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made 
to a section or other provision of title 49, United States Code. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In this division: 
(1) CROSSING.—The term ‘‘crossing’’ means a location within 
a State, other than a location where one or more railroad 
tracks cross one or more railroad tracks at grade where— 
(A) a public highway, road, or street, or a private 
roadway, including associated sidewalks and pathways, 
crosses one or more railroad tracks either at grade or 
grade-separated; or 
(B) a pathway explicitly authorized by a public 
authority or a railroad carrier that is dedicated for the
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use of nonvehicular traffic, including pedestrians, bicyclists, 
and others, that is not associated with a public highway, 
road, or street, or a private roadway, crosses one or more 
railroad tracks either at grade or grade-separated. 
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ means the 
Department of Transportation. 
(3) RAILROAD.—The term ‘‘railroad’’ has the meaning given 
that term by section 20102 of title 49, United States Code. 
(4) RAILROAD CARRIER.—The term ‘‘railroad carrier’’ has 
the meaning given that term by section 20102 of title 49, 
United States Code. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of Transportation. 
(6) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means a State of the United 
States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico. 
(b) IN TITLE 49.—Section 20102 is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs 
(2) and (3), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before paragraph (2), as redesignated, the 
following: 
‘‘(1) ‘Class I railroad’, ‘Class II railroad’, and ‘Class III 
railroad’ mean railroad carriers that have annual carrier oper-
ating revenues that meet the threshold amount for Class I 
carriers, Class II carriers, and Class III carriers, respectively, 
as determined by the Surface Transportation Board under sec-
tion 1201.1-1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end thereof the following: 
‘‘(4) ‘safety-related railroad employee’ means— 
‘‘(A) a railroad employee who is subject to chapter 
211; 
‘‘(B) another operating railroad employee who is not 
subject to chapter 211; 
‘‘(C) an employee who maintains the right of way of 
a railroad; 
‘‘(D) an employee of a railroad carrier who is a hazmat 
employee as defined in section 5102(3) of this title; 
‘‘(E) an employee who inspects, repairs, or maintains 
locomotives, passenger cars, or freight cars; and 
‘‘(F) any other employee of a railroad carrier who 
directly affects railroad safety, as determined by the Sec-
retary.’’. 
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
Section 20117(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Transportation to carry out this part and to 
carry out responsibilities under chapter 51 as delegated or author-
ized by the Secretary— 
‘‘(A) $225,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; 
‘‘(B) $245,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; 
‘‘(C) $266,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; 
‘‘(D) $289,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and 
‘‘(E) $293,000,000 for fiscal year 2013. 
‘‘(2) With amounts appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall purchase Gage Restraint Measurement System
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vehicles and track geometry vehicles or other comparable technology 
as needed to assess track safety consistent with the results of 
the track inspection study required by section 403 of the Rail 
Safety Improvement Act of 2008. 
‘‘(3) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
$18,000,000 for the period encompassing fiscal years 2009 through 
2013 to design, develop, and construct the Facility for Underground 
Rail Station and Tunnel at the Transportation Technology Center 
in Pueblo, Colorado. The facility shall be used to test and evaluate 
the vulnerabilities of above-ground and underground rail tunnels 
to prevent accidents and incidents in such tunnels, to mitigate 
and remediate the consequences of any such accidents or incidents, 
and to provide a realistic scenario for training emergency 
responders. 
‘‘(4) Such sums as may be necessary from the amount appro-
priated pursuant to paragraph (1) for each of the fiscal years 
2009 through 2013 shall be made available to the Secretary for 
personnel in regional offices and in Washington, D.C., whose duties 
primarily involve rail security.’’. 
TITLE I—RAILROAD SAFETY 
IMPROVEMENTS 
SEC. 101. FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION OFFICERS AND 
DUTIES. 
Section 103 is amended by striking subsections (b) through 
(e) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(c) SAFETY AS HIGHEST PRIORITY.—In carrying out its duties, 
the Administration shall consider the assignment and maintenance 
of safety as the highest priority, recognizing the clear intent, 
encouragement, and dedication of Congress to the furtherance of 
the highest degree of safety in railroad transportation. 
‘‘(d) ADMINISTRATOR.—The head of the Administration shall 
be the Administrator who shall be appointed by the President, 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall be 
an individual with professional experience in railroad safety, haz-
ardous materials safety, or other transportation safety. The 
Administrator shall report directly to the Secretary of Transpor-
tation. 
‘‘(e) DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR.—The Administration shall have 
a Deputy Administrator who shall be appointed by the Secretary. 
The Deputy Administrator shall carry out duties and powers pre-
scribed by the Administrator. 
‘‘(f) CHIEF SAFETY OFFICER.—The Administration shall have 
an Associate Administrator for Railroad Safety appointed in the 
career service by the Secretary. The Associate Administrator shall 
be the Chief Safety Officer of the Administration. The Associate 
Administrator shall carry out the duties and powers prescribed 
by the Administrator. 
‘‘(g) DUTIES
AND
POWERS
OF
THE
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
Administrator shall carry out— 
‘‘(1) duties and powers related to railroad safety vested 
in the Secretary by section 20134(c) and chapters 203 through 
211 of this title, and by chapter 213 of this title for carrying 
out chapters 203 through 211;
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‘‘(2) the duties and powers related to railroad policy and 
development under subsection (j); and 
‘‘(3) other duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary. 
‘‘(h) LIMITATION.—A duty or power specified in subsection (g)(1) 
may be transferred to another part of the Department of Transpor-
tation or another Federal Government entity only when specifically 
provided by law. A decision of the Administrator in carrying out 
the duties or powers of the Administration and involving notice 
and hearing required by law is administratively final. 
‘‘(i) AUTHORITIES.—Subject to the provisions of subtitle I of 
title 40 and title III of the Federal Property and Administrative 
Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 251 et seq.), the Secretary of 
Transportation may make, enter into, and perform such contracts, 
grants, leases, cooperative agreements, and other similar trans-
actions with Federal or other public agencies (including State and 
local governments) and private organizations and persons, and 
make such payments, by way of advance or reimbursement, as 
the Secretary may determine to be necessary or appropriate to 
carry out functions at the Administration. The authority of the 
Secretary granted by this subsection shall be carried out by the 
Administrator. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, 
no authority to enter into contracts or to make payments under 
this subsection shall be effective, except as provided for in appro-
priations Acts.’’. 
SEC. 102. RAILROAD SAFETY STRATEGY. 
(a) SAFETY GOALS.—In conjunction with existing federally- 
required and voluntary strategic planning efforts ongoing at the 
Department and the Federal Railroad Administration as of the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop a long- 
term strategy for improving railroad safety to cover a period of 
not less than 5 years. The strategy shall include an annual plan 
and schedule for achieving, at a minimum, the following goals: 
(1) Reducing the number and rates of accidents, incidents, 
injuries, and fatalities involving railroads including train colli-
sions, derailments, and human factors. 
(2) Improving the consistency and effectiveness of enforce-
ment and compliance programs. 
(3) Improving the identification of high-risk highway-rail 
grade crossings and strengthening enforcement and other 
methods to increase grade crossing safety. 
(4) Improving research efforts to enhance and promote 
railroad safety and performance. 
(5) Preventing railroad trespasser accidents, incidents, 
injuries, and fatalities. 
(6) Improving the safety of railroad bridges, tunnels, and 
related infrastructure to prevent accidents, incidents, injuries, 
and fatalities caused by catastrophic failures and other bridge 
and tunnel failures. 
(b) RESOURCE NEEDS.—The strategy and annual plan shall 
include estimates of the funds and staff resources needed to accom-
plish the goals established by subsection (a). Such estimates shall 
also include the staff skills and training required for timely and 
effective accomplishment of each such goal. 
(c) SUBMISSION WITH THE PRESIDENT’S BUDGET.—The Secretary 
shall submit the strategy and annual plan to the Senate Committee
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on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Rep-
resentatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure at 
the same time as the President’s budget submission. 
(d) ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS.— 
(1) PROGRESS
ASSESSMENT.—No less frequently than 
annually, the Secretary shall assess the progress of the Depart-
ment toward achieving the strategic goals described in sub-
section (a). The Secretary shall identify any deficiencies in 
achieving the goals within the strategy and develop and 
institute measures to remediate such deficiencies. The Sec-
retary and the Administrator shall convey their assessment 
to the employees of the Federal Railroad Administration and 
shall identify any deficiencies that should be remediated before 
the next progress assessment. 
(2) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Beginning in 2009, not later 
than November 1 of each year, the Secretary shall transmit 
a report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the House of Representatives Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure on the performance of 
the Federal Railroad Administration containing the progress 
assessment required by paragraph (1) toward achieving the 
goals of the railroad safety strategy and annual plans under 
subsection (a). 
SEC. 103. RAILROAD SAFETY RISK REDUCTION PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 201 is amended 
by adding at end thereof the following: 
‘‘§ 20156. Railroad safety risk reduction program 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) PROGRAM REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 4 years after 
the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act 
of 2008, the Secretary of Transportation, by regulation, shall 
require each railroad carrier that is a Class I railroad, a railroad 
carrier that has inadequate safety performance (as determined 
by the Secretary), or a railroad carrier that provides intercity 
rail passenger or commuter rail passenger transportation— 
‘‘(A) to develop a railroad safety risk reduction program 
under subsection (d) that systematically evaluates railroad 
safety risks on its system and manages those risks in 
order to reduce the numbers and rates of railroad accidents, 
incidents, injuries, and fatalities; 
‘‘(B) to submit its program, including any required 
plans, to the Secretary for review and approval; and 
‘‘(C) to implement the program and plans approved 
by the Secretary. 
‘‘(2) RELIANCE ON PILOT PROGRAM.—The Secretary may con-
duct behavior-based safety and other research, including pilot 
programs, before promulgating regulations under this sub-
section and thereafter. The Secretary shall use any information 
and experience gathered through such research and pilot pro-
grams under this subsection in developing regulations under 
this section. 
‘‘(3) REVIEW AND APPROVAL.—The Secretary shall review 
and approve or disapprove railroad safety risk reduction pro-
gram plans within a reasonable period of time. If the proposed 
plan is not approved, the Secretary shall notify the affected
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railroad carrier as to the specific areas in which the proposed 
plan is deficient, and the railroad carrier shall correct all defi-
ciencies within a reasonable period of time following receipt 
of written notice from the Secretary. The Secretary shall 
annually conduct a review to ensure that the railroad carriers 
are complying with their plans. 
‘‘(4) VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE.—A railroad carrier that is 
not required to submit a railroad safety risk reduction program 
under this section may voluntarily submit a program that meets 
the requirements of this section to the Secretary. The Secretary 
shall approve or disapprove any program submitted under this 
paragraph. 
‘‘(b) CERTIFICATION.—The chief official responsible for safety 
of each railroad carrier required to submit a railroad safety risk 
reduction program under subsection (a) shall certify that the con-
tents of the program are accurate and that the railroad carrier 
will implement the contents of the program as approved by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(c) RISK ANALYSIS.—In developing its railroad safety risk 
reduction program each railroad carrier required to submit such 
a program pursuant to subsection (a) shall identify and analyze 
the aspects of its railroad, including operating rules and practices, 
infrastructure, equipment, employee levels and schedules, safety 
culture, management structure, employee training, and other mat-
ters, including those not covered by railroad safety regulations 
or other Federal regulations, that impact railroad safety. 
‘‘(d) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each railroad carrier required to submit 
a railroad safety risk reduction program under subsection (a) 
shall develop a comprehensive safety risk reduction program 
to improve safety by reducing the number and rates of 
accidents, incidents, injuries, and fatalities that is based on 
the risk analysis required by subsection (c) through— 
‘‘(A) the mitigation of aspects that increase risks to 
railroad safety; and 
‘‘(B) the enhancement of aspects that decrease risks 
to railroad safety. 
‘‘(2) REQUIRED COMPONENTS.—Each railroad carrier’s safety 
risk reduction program shall include a risk mitigation plan 
in accordance with this section, a technology implementation 
plan that meets the requirements of subsection (e), and a 
fatigue management plan that meets the requirements of sub-
section (f). 
‘‘(e) TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of its railroad safety risk reduc-
tion program, a railroad carrier required to submit a railroad 
safety risk reduction program under subsection (a) shall 
develop, and periodically update as necessary, a 10-year tech-
nology implementation plan that describes the railroad carrier’s 
plan for development, adoption, implementation, maintenance, 
and use of current, new, or novel technologies on its system 
over a 10-year period to reduce safety risks identified under 
the railroad safety risk reduction program. Any updates to 
the plan are subject to review and approval by the Secretary. 
‘‘(2) TECHNOLOGY
ANALYSIS.—A railroad carrier’s tech-
nology implementation plan shall include an analysis of the 
safety impact, feasibility, and cost and benefits of implementing
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technologies, including processor-based technologies, positive 
train control systems (as defined in section 20157(i)), electroni-
cally controlled pneumatic brakes, rail integrity inspection sys-
tems, rail integrity warning systems, switch position monitors 
and indicators, trespasser prevention technology, highway-rail 
grade crossing technology, and other new or novel railroad 
safety technology, as appropriate, that may mitigate risks to 
railroad safety identified in the risk analysis required by sub-
section (c). 
‘‘(3) IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE.—A railroad carrier’s tech-
nology implementation plan shall contain a prioritized 
implementation schedule for the development, adoption, 
implementation, and use of current, new, or novel technologies 
on its system to reduce safety risks identified under the railroad 
safety risk reduction program. 
‘‘(4) POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL.—Except as required by sec-
tion 20157 (relating to the requirements for implementation 
of positive train control systems), the Secretary shall ensure 
that— 
‘‘(A) each railroad carrier’s technology implementation 
plan required under paragraph (1) that includes a schedule 
for implementation of a positive train control system com-
plies with that schedule; and 
‘‘(B) each railroad carrier required to submit such a 
plan implements a positive train control system pursuant 
to such plan by December 31, 2018. 
‘‘(f) FATIGUE MANAGEMENT PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of its railroad safety risk reduc-
tion program, a railroad carrier required to submit a railroad 
safety risk reduction program under subsection (a) shall develop 
and update at least once every 2 years a fatigue management 
plan that is designed to reduce the fatigue experienced by 
safety-related railroad employees and to reduce the likelihood 
of accidents, incidents, injuries, and fatalities caused by fatigue. 
Any such update shall be subject to review and approval by 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(2) TARGETED
FATIGUE
COUNTERMEASURES.—A railroad 
carrier’s fatigue management plan shall take into account the 
varying circumstances of operations by the railroad on different 
parts of its system, and shall prescribe appropriate fatigue 
countermeasures to address those varying circumstances. 
‘‘(3) ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS.—A railroad shall consider the 
need to include in its fatigue management plan elements 
addressing each of the following items, as applicable: 
‘‘(A) Employee education and training on the physio-
logical and human factors that affect fatigue, as well as 
strategies to reduce or mitigate the effects of fatigue, based 
on the most current scientific and medical research and 
literature. 
‘‘(B) Opportunities for identification, diagnosis, and 
treatment of any medical condition that may affect alert-
ness or fatigue, including sleep disorders. 
‘‘(C) Effects on employee fatigue of an employee’s short- 
term or sustained response to emergency situations, such 
as derailments and natural disasters, or engagement in 
other intensive working conditions.
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‘‘(D) Scheduling practices for employees, including 
innovative scheduling practices, on-duty call practices, 
work and rest cycles, increased consecutive days off for 
employees, changes in shift patterns, appropriate sched-
uling practices for varying types of work, and other aspects 
of employee scheduling that would reduce employee fatigue 
and cumulative sleep loss. 
‘‘(E) Methods to minimize accidents and incidents that 
occur as a result of working at times when scientific and 
medical research have shown increased fatigue disrupts 
employees’ circadian rhythm. 
‘‘(F) Alertness strategies, such as policies on napping, 
to address acute drowsiness and fatigue while an employee 
is on duty. 
‘‘(G) Opportunities to obtain restful sleep at lodging 
facilities, including employee sleeping quarters provided 
by the railroad carrier. 
‘‘(H) The increase of the number of consecutive hours 
of off-duty rest, during which an employee receives no 
communication from the employing railroad carrier or its 
managers, supervisors, officers, or agents. 
‘‘(I) Avoidance of abrupt changes in rest cycles for 
employees. 
‘‘(J) Additional elements that the Secretary considers 
appropriate. 
‘‘(g) CONSENSUS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each railroad carrier required to submit 
a railroad safety risk reduction program under subsection (a) 
shall consult with, employ good faith and use its best efforts 
to reach agreement with, all of its directly affected employees, 
including any non-profit employee labor organization rep-
resenting a class or craft of directly affected employees of 
the railroad carrier, on the contents of the safety risk reduction 
program. 
‘‘(2) STATEMENT.—If the railroad carrier and its directly 
affected employees, including any nonprofit employee labor 
organization representing a class or craft of directly affected 
employees of the railroad carrier, cannot reach consensus on 
the proposed contents of the plan, then directly affected 
employees and such organization may file a statement with 
the Secretary explaining their views on the plan on which 
consensus was not reached. The Secretary shall consider such 
views during review and approval of the program. 
‘‘(h) ENFORCEMENT.—The Secretary shall have the authority 
to assess civil penalties pursuant to chapter 213 for a violation 
of this section, including the failure to submit, certify, or comply 
with a safety risk reduction program, risk mitigation plan, tech-
nology implementation plan, or fatigue management plan.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for 
chapter 201 is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 20155 the following: 
‘‘20156. Railroad safety risk reduction program.’’. 
SEC. 104. IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 201, as amended 
by section 103 of this division, is further amended by adding at 
the end thereof the following: