I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1857 
To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of 
the Department of State a Special Envoy for the Human Rights of 
LGBTI Peoples, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 25, 2019 
Mr. LOWENTHAL (for himself, Mr. CONNOLLY, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SCHA-
KOWSKY, Mr. FOSTER, Ms. CLARKE of New York, Ms. DELAURO, Mr. 
POCAN, Ms. MOORE, Ms. ESHOO, Mr. CA´RDENAS, Mr. GARAMENDI, Mr. 
ESPAILLAT, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. JACKSON LEE, Ms. ROYBAL-ALLARD, 
Mr. LYNCH, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mr. O’HALLERAN, Ms. WASSERMAN 
SCHULTZ, Mr. SOTO, Mrs. TORRES of California, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. 
PAPPAS, Mr. SCHIFF, Mrs. WATSON COLEMAN, Mr. DEFAZIO, Mr. 
BROWN of Maryland, Mr. COOPER, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. MORELLE, 
Mr. PALLONE, Mrs. DINGELL, Mr. AGUILAR, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mr. 
MEEKS, Mr. RASKIN, Ms. MATSUI, Mr. BRENDAN F. BOYLE of Pennsyl-
vania, Mr. SEAN PATRICK MALONEY of New York, Mr. PETERS, Ms. 
SPEIER, Ms. MENG, Mr. RYAN, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. KILMER, Mr. HAS-
TINGS, Mr. RUSH, Mr. WELCH, Mr. MOULTON, Ms. OMAR, Ms. JAYAPAL, 
Mrs. DAVIS of California, Ms. LEE of California, Mr. TONKO, Ms. 
SHALALA, Ms. WILD, Ms. BONAMICI, Mr. HIGGINS of New York, Mr. 
SUOZZI, Mr. SERRANO, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, Mr. SWALWELL of California, 
Ms. HOULAHAN, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Mrs. MURPHY, Ms. HAALAND, Ms. 
TITUS, Mr. LAWSON of Florida, Mr. HUFFMAN, Mrs. BEATTY, Mr. 
QUIGLEY, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. HIMES, Ms. DELBENE, Ms. ESCOBAR, Mr. 
SHERMAN, Ms. SCANLON, and Mr. MCEACHIN) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
A BILL 
To establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, 
and Labor of the Department of State a Special Envoy 
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for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peoples, and for other 
purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘International Human 
Rights Defense Act of 2019’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the House 
of Representatives. 
(2) GENDER
IDENTITY.—The term ‘‘gender 
identity’’ means the gender-related identity, appear-
ance, or mannerisms or other gender-related charac-
teristics of an individual, regardless of the individ-
ual’s designated sex at birth. 
(3) LGBTI.—The term ‘‘LGBTI’’ means les-
bian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex. 
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(4) INTERSEX.—The term ‘‘intersex’’ means in-
dividuals born with sex characteristics (including 
genitals, gonads, or chromosome patterns) that vary 
from typical binary notions of male or female bodies 
and is an umbrella term used to describe a wide 
range of natural bodily variations. 
(5) SEXUAL ORIENTATION.—The term ‘‘sexual 
orientation’’ means actual or perceived homosex-
uality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. 
SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Around the world, LGBTI people face vio-
lence, discrimination, hatred, and bigotry. 
(2) Sixty-nine countries criminalize same-sex re-
lations and at least three countries prohibit the pub-
lic support of the LGBTI community. That is equal 
to 35 percent of United Nations member states. 
(3) In several countries, homosexuality is a 
crime that is punishable by death. 
(4) Intersex people experience prejudice and 
discrimination because their bodies do not conform 
to other people’s expectations about sex and gender, 
including the common performance of medically un-
necessary surgeries without the consent or approval 
of intersex individuals. 
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(5) Violence and discrimination based on sexual 
orientation and gender identity are documented in 
the Department of State’s annual Human Rights 
Report to Congress. The 2017 report continues to 
show a clear pattern of human rights violations in 
every region of the world based on sexual orientation 
and gender identity. These violations include mur-
der, rape, torture, death threats, extortion, and im-
prisonment, as well as loss of employment, housing, 
access to health care, and other forms of societal 
stigma and discrimination. The report further docu-
ments LGBTI-specific restrictions on basic freedoms 
of assembly, press, and speech in every region of the 
world. 
(6) In Jamaica and other countries, discrimina-
tion against LGBTI people, including ‘‘corrective 
rape’’ of lesbian women, occurs all too frequently 
and with relative impunity. 
(7) In 2013, the Russian Duma passed a law 
banning so-called ‘‘homosexual propaganda’’, which 
effectively makes it a crime to publicly support 
LGBTI equality or even discuss homosexuality. This 
pernicious law is the basis for similar so-called 
‘‘antipropaganda’’ legislation in countries across 
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Eastern Europe and Central Asia, including in 
Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, and Belarus. 
(8) In December 2013, the Government of Ni-
geria adopted a law that further criminalized same- 
sex relations and support for LGBTI people, endan-
gering neighbors, friends, doctors, and landlords of 
LGBTI people. 
(9) Several countries in South Asia continue to 
have draconian laws that criminalize homosexual 
acts, which place LGBTI people in danger and un-
dermine their ability to live free from persecution. 
(10) In February 2014, the Government of 
Uganda adopted a law making ‘‘aggravated homo-
sexuality’’ a crime punishable with life imprisonment 
and concurrently, the Government of Uganda also 
passed laws severely limiting the basic freedoms of 
speech and assembly for LGBTI citizens. While the 
Constitutional Court overturned the Anti-Homosex-
uality Act on a technicality in August 2014, LGBTI 
Ugandans continue to be subjected to discrimination 
and violence, and their government has in recent 
years forcibly shut down even private Pride celebra-
tions in Kampala. 
(11) On April 1, 2017, the Russian newspaper 
Novaya Gazeta reported that the government of the 
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autonomous republic of Chechnya had been arrest-
ing, detaining, and torturing gay and bisexual men 
in secret prisons since early 2017. International 
human rights groups and Russian LGBTI rights ac-
tivists estimate that as many as 20 people may have 
been murdered thus far and potentially over 200 
people were detained during the purge. An OSCE 
factfinding report released in December 2018 con-
firmed the atrocities, documenting ‘‘several waves of 
violations of human rights abuses of persons based 
on their sexual orientation and gender identity’’. Re-
ports from early 2019 suggest the purge has contin-
ued. 
(12) On May 23, 2017, and again on July 13, 
2018, gay men were publicly caned in the Indo-
nesian province of Aceh, while thousands of spec-
tators snapped pictures outside a mosque as the bru-
tal punishment was meted out. Several times in 
2017, police in Indonesia have arrested men at pri-
vate parties, sometimes releasing their photographs 
to the news media, endangering their lives. 
(13) In September 2017, reports emerged from 
Azerbaijan that authorities had begun a crackdown 
on gay men and transgender women, arresting more 
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than 60 and subjecting them to beatings, harass-
ment, torture, and blackmail. 
(14) From September through December 2017, 
over 70 LGBTI individuals were arrested in Egypt, 
with dozens receiving prison sentences of up to six 
years. In late 2017, authorities in Egypt instructed 
local media to delete any positive references to 
LGBTI people, and lawmakers proposed a bill that 
would criminalize LGBTI people and their allies. 
The arrests continued in 2018, with a Cairo-based 
LGBTI rights organization documenting 76 arrests 
for alleged same-sex conduct in 2018. 
(15) Anti-LGBTI laws not only endanger all 
LGBTI individuals, but also pose serious risks for 
those associated with or caring for LGBTI people. 
Studies have shown that when LGBTI people, espe-
cially LGBTI youth, face discrimination, they are 
less likely to seek HIV testing, prevention, and 
treatment services. 
(16) According to the Trans Murder Monitoring 
Project, which monitors homicides of transgender in-
dividuals, there were at least 369 cases of reported 
killings of trans and gender-diverse people between 
October 2017 and September 2018, an increase over 
previous years. The organization reports that a ‘‘ma-
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jority of the murders occurred in Brazil (167), Mex-
ico (71), the United States (28), and Colombia (21), 
adding up to a total of 2982 reported cases in 72 
countries worldwide between 1st of January 2008 
and 30th of September 2018’’. 
(17) According to the International Guidelines 
on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, as published by 
the United Nations High Commissioner for Human 
Rights, and according to the July 2017 report of the 
Independent Expert on protection against violence 
and discrimination based on sexual orientation and 
gender identity, countries should review and reform 
criminal laws and correctional systems to ensure 
that they are consistent with international human 
rights obligations and are not misused or targeted 
against vulnerable groups. 
(18) Removing institutionalized discrimination 
and targeted persecution against LGBTI people 
around the world is a critical step in the promotion 
of human rights and global health internationally. 
(19) Anti-LGBTI laws and discrimination pose 
significant risks for LGBTI youth who come out to 
their family or community and often face rejection, 
homelessness, and limited educational and economic 
opportunities. These factors contribute to increased 
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risks of substance abuse, suicide, and HIV infection 
among LGBTI youth. 
(20) On December 6, 2011, President Barack 
Obama released the ‘‘Presidential Memorandum— 
International Initiatives to Advance the Human 
Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender 
Persons’’. The memorandum directed all Federal 
agencies engaged abroad to ensure that United 
States diplomacy and foreign assistance promote and 
protect the human rights of LGBTI persons. 
(21) On February 23, 2015, Secretary of State 
John Kerry appointed senior diplomat Randy Berry 
as the Department of State’s first-ever Special 
Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons. 
Secretary Pompeo pledged to re-fill that position 
during his April 2018 confirmation hearing, but has 
yet to do so. 
(22) On June 30, 2016, the United Nations 
Human Rights Council passed a resolution cospon-
sored by the United States that established an inde-
pendent expert on violence and discrimination based 
on sexual orientation and gender identity to help 
monitor and track discrimination and violence expe-
rienced by LGBTI persons around the world. 
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(23) In November 2016, the Government of 
Tanzania placed a ban on all HIV and AIDS out-
reach projects aimed at gay men, including those 
funded by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS 
Relief. This forced the closure of United States- 
funded programs providing testing, condoms, and 
care to gay men, exacerbating the health needs of 
gay men in Tanzania, about 30 percent of whom are 
HIV positive. In 2018, various government officials 
have announced crackdowns on the LGBTI commu-
nity, including a threat by the governor of the larg-
est city, who announced a purge on LGBTI individ-
uals and asked the public to report them. Reports 
suggest that many people have been arrested and 
more are in hiding. 
(24) In February 2017, three transgender 
women were murdered in El Salvador with impunity, 
leading the United Nations to call for an investiga-
tion into crimes against sexual and gender minorities 
in that country. A 2016 report noted that 
transgender women in El Salvador have an average 
life expectancy of less than 35 years due to violence, 
discrimination, and femicide. 
(25) Extreme violence in El Salvador, Nica-
ragua, Guatemala, and Honduras has driven LGBTI 
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people to flee their countries or origin to the United 
States for protection. LGBTI people were among the 
first asylum seekers in the migrant ‘‘caravans’’ ar-
riving at the United States-Mexico border. 
(26) At the annual Summit of Commonwealth 
Nations in April 2018, United Kingdom Prime Min-
ister Theresa May issued an apology for discrimina-
tory laws criminalizing same-sex relationships that 
were imposed on British colonies around the world. 
She also announced the creation of a fund to sup-
port legal reform efforts. 
(27) In April 2018, Trinidad and Tobago’s 
High Court of Justice issued a landmark ruling de-
claring that laws which criminalize same-sex rela-
tionships between consenting adults are unconstitu-
tional. 
(28) In April 2014, the Supreme Court of India 
recognized transgender people as a third gender, im-
proving the legal rights of transgender people in that 
country. Though an important step, the decision 
does not grant full legal rights to transgender peo-
ple. 
(29) In September 2018, the Supreme Court of 
India issued a unanimous decision decriminalizing 
same-sex relationships across the country. The land-
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mark case is likely to support similar legal chal-
lenges to colonial-era sodomy laws in other former 
British colonies, since the Indian sodomy law was 
the model used for other British colonies. 
(30) Angola decriminalized same-sex relation-
ships in January 2019, and prohibited discrimina-
tion against people on the basis of sexual orienta-
tion. 
(31) In January 2018, the Inter-American 
Court of Human Rights issued an advisory opinion 
declaring that the American Convention on Human 
Rights, adopted at San Jose November 22, 1969, 
grants the right of transgender people to change 
their name and gender on public documents, and 
that same-sex couples must be granted full legal 
rights, including the right to marriage. This ruling 
is animating legal reforms and human rights cases 
across the Americas. 
(32) In September 2018, the legislature in 
Chile passed a groundbreaking legal gender recogni-
tion law, which allows transgender individuals to 
self-determine their legal gender in official docu-
ments without a judicial determination or medical 
interventions. The Government of Uruguay passed a 
similarly expansive gender recognition law in 2018. 
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(5) to employ a multisectoral approach to pre-
venting and responding to criminalization, discrimi-
nation, and violence against LGBTI people inter-
nationally, including activities in the economic, edu-
cation, health, nutrition, legal, and judicial sectors; 
(6) to work at all levels, from the individual to 
the family, community, local, national, and inter-
national levels, to prevent and respond to criminal-
ization, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI 
people internationally; 
(7) to enhance training by United States per-
sonnel of professional foreign military and police 
forces and judicial officials to include appropriate 
and thorough LGBTI-specific instruction on pre-
venting and responding to criminalization, discrimi-
nation, and violence based on sexual orientation and 
gender identity; 
(8) to engage non-LGBTI people as allies and 
partners, as an essential element of making sus-
tained reductions in criminalization, discrimination, 
and violence against LGBTI people internationally; 
(9) to require that all Federal contractors and 
grant recipients in the United States Government’s 
international programs establish appropriate policies 
and take effective measures to ensure the protection 
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and safety of their staff and workplace, including 
from discrimination and violence directed against 
LGBTI people and those who provide services to 
them; 
(10) to exert sustained international leadership, 
including in bilateral and multilateral fora, to pre-
vent and respond to criminalization, discrimination, 
and violence against LGBTI people internationally; 
(11) to fully implement and expand upon the 
policies 
outlined 
in 
the 
‘‘Presidential 
Memo-
randum—International Initiatives to Advance the 
Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and 
Transgender Persons’’; 
(12) to ensure that international efforts to com-
bat HIV/AIDS take all appropriate measures to sup-
port at-risk communities, including LGBTI people, 
and to create enabling legal environments for these 
communities; 
(13) to work with governments and nongovern-
mental partners around the world to develop and im-
plement regional strategies to decriminalize homo-
sexuality and to counteract the prohibition of public 
support of LGBTI people; and 
(14) to ensure that those who have a well- 
founded fear of persecution on account of being 
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LGBTI or supporting LGBTI rights have the oppor-
tunity to seek protection in the United States. 
SEC. 5. SPECIAL ENVOY FOR THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF LGBTI 
PEOPLE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State shall 
establish in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, 
and Labor (DRL) of the Department of State a perma-
nent Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Peo-
ples (in this section referred to as the ‘‘Special Envoy’’), 
who shall be appointed by the President. The Special 
Envoy shall report directly to the Assistant Secretary for 
Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 
(b) PURPOSE.—In addition to the duties described in 
subsection (c) and those duties determined by the Sec-
retary of State, the Special Envoy shall direct efforts of 
the United States Government relating to United States 
foreign policy, as directed by the Secretary, regarding 
human rights abuses against LGBTI people and commu-
nities internationally and the advancement of human 
rights for LGBTI people, and shall represent the United 
States internationally in bilateral and multilateral engage-
ment on such matters. 
(c) DUTIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Special Envoy— 
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(A) shall serve as the principal advisor to 
the Secretary of State regarding human rights 
for LGBTI people internationally; 
(B) shall, notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, direct activities, policies, programs, 
and funding relating to the human rights of 
LGBTI people and the advancement of LGBTI 
equality initiatives internationally, for all bu-
reaus and offices of the Department of State, 
and shall lead the coordination of relevant 
international programs for all other Federal 
agencies relating to such matters; 
(C) shall represent the United States in 
diplomatic matters relevant to the human rights 
of LGBTI people, including criminalization, dis-
crimination, and violence against LGBTI people 
internationally; 
(D) shall direct, as appropriate, United 
States Government resources to respond to 
needs for protection, integration, resettlement, 
and empowerment of LGBTI people in United 
States Government policies and international 
programs, including to prevent and respond to 
criminalization, discrimination, and violence 
against LGBTI people internationally; 
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(E) shall design, support, and implement 
activities regarding support, education, resettle-
ment, and empowerment of LGBTI people 
internationally, including for the prevention and 
response to criminalization, discrimination, and 
violence against LGBTI people internationally; 
(F) shall lead interagency coordination be-
tween the foreign policy priorities related to the 
human rights of LGBTI people and the devel-
opment assistance priorities of the LGBTI Co-
ordinator of the United States Agency for 
International Development; 
(G) shall conduct regular consultation with 
nongovernmental organizations working to pre-
vent and respond to criminalization, discrimina-
tion, and violence against LGBTI people inter-
nationally; 
(H) shall ensure that programs, projects, 
and activities of the Department of State and 
the United States Agency for International De-
velopment designed to prevent and respond to 
criminalization, discrimination, and violence 
against LGBTI people internationally are sub-
ject to rigorous monitoring and evaluation, and 
that there is a uniform set of indicators and 
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standards for such monitoring and evaluation 
that is used across international programs in 
Federal agencies; and 
(I) is authorized to represent the United 
States in bilateral and multilateral fora on mat-
ters relevant to the human rights of LGBTI 
people internationally, including criminalization, 
discrimination, and violence against LGBTI 
people internationally. 
(2) DATA
REPOSITORY.—The Bureau of De-
mocracy, Human Rights, and Labor shall— 
(A) be the central repository of data on all 
United States programs, projects, and activities 
that relate to prevention and response to crim-
inalization, discrimination, and violence against 
LGBTI people internationally; and 
(B) produce— 
(i) a full accounting of United States 
Government spending on such programs, 
projects, and activities; and 
(ii) evaluations of the effectiveness of 
such programs, projects, and activities. 
(d) BRIEFINGS AND ASSESSMENTS.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and 
annually thereafter, the Special Envoy shall— 
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(1) brief the appropriate congressional commit-
tees on the status of the human rights of LGBTI 
people internationally, as well as on the status of 
programs and response strategies to address crim-
inalization, discrimination, and violence against 
LGBTI people internationally; and 
(2) submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees an assessment of human and financial 
resources necessary to fulfill the purposes and duties 
of this Act. 
(e) UNITED STATES POLICY TO PREVENT AND RE-
SPOND TO CRIMINALIZATION, DISCRIMINATION, AND VIO-
LENCE AGAINST LGBTI PEOPLE GLOBALLY.— 
(1) GLOBAL
STRATEGY
REQUIREMENT.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, and annually thereafter for each of the 
following five years, the Special Envoy shall develop 
or update, as the case may be, a United States glob-
al strategy to prevent and respond to criminaliza-
tion, discrimination, and violence against LGBTI 
people internationally. The Special Envoy shall sub-
mit the global strategy to the appropriate congres-
sional committees and, if practicable, make the glob-
al strategy available to the public. 
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(2) COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION.—In 
developing the global strategy required under para-
graph (1), the Special Envoy shall consult with— 
(A) mid- and high-level officials of relevant 
Federal agencies; and 
(B) representatives of nongovernmental or-
ganizations with demonstrated experience in ad-
dressing criminalization, discrimination, and vi-
olence against LGBTI people internationally or 
promoting equal rights for LGBTI people inter-
nationally. 
(f) MONITORING THE UNITED STATES STRATEGY TO 
PREVENT AND RESPOND TO CRIMINALIZATION, DISCRIMI-
NATION, AND VIOLENCE AGAINST LGBTI PEOPLE AND 
COMMUNITIES INTERNATIONALLY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In each global strategy sub-
mitted under subsection (e), the Special Envoy shall 
include an analysis of best practices for preventing 
and addressing criminalization, discrimination, and 
violence against LGBTI people and communities 
internationally, including— 
(A) a description of successful efforts by 
foreign governments and nongovernmental or-
ganizations to prevent and respond to criminal-
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ization, discrimination, and violence against 
LGBTI people and communities internationally; 
(B) recommendations related to best prac-
tices, effective strategies, and improvements to 
enhance the impact of such prevention and re-
sponse efforts; and 
(C) the impact of activities funded by the 
global strategy in preventing and reducing 
criminalization, discrimination, and violence 
against LGBTI people and communities inter-
nationally. 
(2) INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BE INCLUDED 
IN ANNUAL COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS 
PRACTICES.— 
(A) SECTION 116.—Section 116(d) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151n(d)) is amended— 
(i) in paragraph (11)(C), by striking 
‘‘; and’’ and inserting a semicolon; 
(ii) in paragraph (12)(C)(ii), by strik-
ing the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; 
and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
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‘‘(13) wherever applicable, the nature and ex-
tent of criminalization, discrimination, and violence 
based on sexual orientation and gender identity, in-
cluding an identification of those countries that have 
adopted laws or constitutional provisions that crim-
inalize or discriminate based on sexual orientation or 
gender identity (as those terms are defined in sec-
tion 2 of the International Human Rights Defense 
Act of 2019), including detailed descriptions of such 
laws and provisions.’’. 
(B) SECTION 502B.—Section 502B of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2304) is amended— 
(i) by redesignating the second sub-
section (i) (relating to child marriage sta-
tus) as subsection (j); and 
(ii) by adding at the end the following 
new subsection: 
‘‘(k) SEXUAL ORIENTATION
AND GENDER IDEN-
TITY.—The report required under subsection (b) shall in-
clude, wherever applicable, the nature and extent of crim-
inalization, discrimination, and violence based on sexual 
orientation and gender identity, including an identification 
of those countries that have adopted laws or constitutional 
provisions that criminalize or discriminate based on sexual 
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orientation or gender identity (as those terms are defined 
in section 2 of the International Human Rights Defense 
Act of 2018), including detailed descriptions of such laws 
and provisions.’’. 
SEC. 6. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED STATES STRAT-
EGY TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO CRIM-
INALIZATION, 
DISCRIMINATION, 
AND 
VIO-
LENCE AGAINST LGBTI PEOPLE AND COMMU-
NITIES INTERNATIONALLY. 
The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development are 
authorized to provide assistance to prevent and respond 
to criminalization, discrimination, and violence against 
LGBTI people internationally. Such assistance may in-
clude the following activities: 
(1) Development and implementation of pro-
grams, such as the Global Equality Fund of the De-
partment of State, that respond to human rights 
abuses and economic exclusion of LGBTI people in 
the workplace and in public. 
(2) Development and enforcement of civil and 
criminal legal and judicial sanctions, protection, 
training, and capacity. 
(3) Enhancement of health sector capacity to 
detect, prevent, and respond to violence against 
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LGBTI people and communities internationally, and 
to combat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community 
internationally, in close coordination with the Office 
of the Global AIDS Coordinator and Health Diplo-
macy of the Department of State. 
(4) Development of a leadership program for 
international LGBTI activists that will foster col-
laboration and knowledge sharing across the world. 
Æ 
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