377
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(2) LOW DENSITY ADJUSTMENT.—In admin-
istering the apportionment formula under paragraph 
(1)—
‘(A) in the case of a State with a popu-
lation density of 10 or fewer persons per square 
mile in other than urbanized areas of the State, 
the Secretary shall multiply by a factor of 1.5 
the population of such other than urbanized 
areas (as determined using the most recent de-
cennial United States Census); and 
‘(B) in the case of a State with a popu-
lation density of more than 10 but equal to or 
fewer than 12 persons per square mile in other 
than urbanized areas of the State, the Sec-
retary shall multiply by a factor of 1.25 the 
population of such other than urbanized areas 
(as determined using the most recent decennial 
United States Census). 
‘(3) AVAILABILITY.—The amount apportioned 
to a State under this subsection may be obligated by 
the State for 2 fiscal years after the fiscal year in 
which the amount is apportioned. An amount that is 
not obligated at the end of that period shall be re-
apportioned among the States for the next fiscal 
year.’.
378
HR 3 IH1S 
(d) USE
FOR ADMINISTRATION, PLANNING, AND 
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 5311(e) is amended—
(1) in the subsection heading by inserting ‘, 
planning,’ after ‘administration’; 
(2) by striking ‘(1) The Secretary’ and insert-
ing ‘The Secretary’; 
(3) by striking paragraph (2); and 
(4) by striking ‘recipient’ and inserting ‘sub-
recipient’. 
(e) INTERCITY
BUS
TRANSPORTATION.—Section 
5311(f) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘after Sep-
tember 30, 1993,’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2) by striking ‘A State’ and 
inserting ‘After consultation with affected intercity 
bus service providers, a State’. 
(f) GOVERNMENT’S
SHARE
OF
COSTS.—Section 
5311(g) is amended to read as follows: 
‘(g) GOVERNMENT’S SHARE OF COSTS.—
‘(1) CAPITAL PROJECTS.—A grant for a capital 
project under this section shall be for 80 percent of 
the net capital costs of the project, as determined by 
the Secretary; except that in the case of a State de-
scribed in section 120(b)(1) of title 23, such percent-
379
HR 3 IH1S 
age shall be increased in accordance with such sec-
tion. 
‘(2) OPERATING ASSISTANCE.—A grant made 
under this section for operating assistance may not 
exceed 50 percent of the net operating costs of the 
project, as determined by the Secretary. 
‘(3) 
REMAINDER.—The 
remainder 
of 
net 
project costs—
‘(A) may be provided from an undistrib-
uted cash surplus, a replacement or deprecia-
tion cash fund or reserve, a service agreement 
with a State or local social service agency or a 
private social service organization, or new cap-
ital; and 
‘(B) may be derived from amounts appro-
priated to or made available to a department or 
agency of the Government (other than the De-
partment of Transportation) that are eligible to 
be expended for transportation. 
‘(4) USE OF CERTAIN FUNDS.—For purposes of 
paragraph (3)(B), the prohibitions on the use of 
funds for matching requirements under section 
403(a)(5)(C)(vii) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 603(a)(5)(C)(vii)) shall not apply to Federal
380
HR 3 IH1S 
or State funds to be used for transportation pur-
poses. 
‘(5) LIMITATION ON OPERATING ASSISTANCE.—
A State carrying out a program of operating assist-
ance under this section may not limit the level or ex-
tent of use of the Government grant for the payment 
of operating expenses.’. 
(g) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.—Section 5311 
is amended—
(1) by striking subsection (h); and 
(2) by redesignating subsections (i) and (j) as 
subsections (h) and (i), respectively. 
(h) CORRECTION TO CHAPTER ANALYSIS.—The anal-
ysis for chapter 53 is amended by striking the item relat-
ing to section 5311 and inserting the following:
‘5311. Formula grants for other than urbanized areas.’.
SEC. 3013. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, 
AND DEPLOYMENT PROJECTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5312 is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) by striking the first parenthetical 
phrase; 
(B) by striking ‘or contracts’ and inserting 
‘, contracts, cooperative agreements, or other 
transactions’;
381
HR 3 IH1S 
(C) by striking ‘help reduce urban trans-
portation needs, improve mass transportation 
service,’ and inserting ‘improve transportation 
service’; 
(D) by striking ‘urban’ each place it ap-
pears; and 
(E) 
by 
striking 
‘and 
demonstration 
projects’ and inserting ‘, demonstration or de-
ployment projects, or evaluation of technology 
of national significance’; 
(2) by striking subsections (b) and (c); 
(3) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as 
subsections (b) and (c), respectively; 
(4) in subsection (b)(2) (as so redesignated) by 
striking ‘other agreements’ and inserting ‘other 
transactions’; and 
(5) in subsection (c)(2) (as so redesignated) by 
striking ‘public and’ and inserting ‘public or’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—
(1) 
SECTION
HEADING.—Section 
5312 
is 
amended by striking the section heading and insert-
ing the following:
382
HR 3 IH1S 
‘§ 5312. Research, development, demonstration, and 
deployment projects’. 
(2) CHAPTER
ANALYSIS.—The analysis for 
chapter 53 is amended by striking the item relating 
to section 5312 and inserting the following:
‘5312. Research, development, demonstration, and deployment projects.’.
SEC. 3014. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5313 is amended—
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘(1) The 
amounts made available under paragraphs (1) and 
(2)(C)(ii) of section 5338(d) of this title’ and insert-
ing ‘The amounts made available under paragraphs 
(1)(C)(iv) and (2)(C) of section 5338(d)’; 
(2) by striking subsection (b); 
(3) in subsection (a)(2) by striking ‘(2) The’ 
and inserting ‘(b) Federal Assistance.—The’; and 
(4) in subsection (c) by striking ‘subsection (a) 
of’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 5313 is amended by 
striking the section heading and inserting the fol-
lowing:
383
HR 3 IH1S 
‘§ 5313. Cooperative research program’. 
(2) CHAPTER
ANALYSIS.—The analysis for 
chapter 53 is amended by striking the item relating 
to section 5313 and inserting the following:
‘5313. Cooperative research program.’.
SEC. 3015. NATIONAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 5314 is amended—
(1) by striking the section heading and insert-
ing the following: 
‘§ 5314. National research and technology programs’; 
(2) in subsection (a)(1)—
(A) by striking ‘subsections (d) and (h)(7) 
of section 5338 of this title’ and inserting ‘sec-
tion 5338(d)’; 
(B) by striking ‘and contracts’ and insert-
ing ‘, contracts, cooperative agreements, or 
other transactions’; 
(C) by striking ‘5303–5306,’; and 
(D) by striking ‘5317,’; 
(3) in subsection (a)(2) by striking ‘Of the 
amounts’ and all that follows through ‘$3,000,000 
to’ and inserting ‘The Secretary shall’; 
(4) by striking subsection (a)(4)(B); 
(5) by redesignating subsection (a)(4)(C) as 
subsection (a)(4)(B); and
384
HR 3 IH1S 
(6) in subsection (b) by striking ‘or contract’ 
and all that follows through ‘section,’ and inserting 
‘, contract, cooperative agreement, or other trans-
action under subsection (a) or section 5312,’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for 
chapter 53 is amended by striking the item relating to 
section 5314 and inserting the following:
‘5314. National research and technology programs.’.
SEC. 3016. NATIONAL TRANSIT INSTITUTE. 
Section 5315 is amended—
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘public mass 
transportation’ and inserting ‘public transportation’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (d) by striking ‘mass’ each 
place it appears. 
SEC. 3017. JOB ACCESS AND REVERSE COMMUTE FORMULA 
GRANTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 53 is amended by insert-
ing after section 5315 the following: 
‘§ 5316. Job access and reverse commute formula 
grants 
‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the following 
definitions apply: 
‘(1) ACCESS TO JOBS PROJECT.—The term ‘‘ac-
cess to jobs project’’ means a project relating to the 
development and maintenance of transportation
385
HR 3 IH1S 
services designed to transport welfare recipients and 
eligible low-income individuals to and from jobs and 
activities related to their employment, including—
‘(A) transportation projects to finance 
planning, capital, and operating costs of pro-
viding access to jobs under this chapter; 
‘(B) promoting public transportation by 
low-income workers, including the use of public 
transportation by workers with nontraditional 
work schedules; 
‘(C) promoting the use of transit vouchers 
for welfare recipients and eligible low-income in-
dividuals; and 
‘(D) promoting the use of employer-pro-
vided transportation, including the transit pass 
benefit program under section 132 of the Inter-
nal Revenue Code of 1986. 
‘(2) ELIGIBLE LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUAL.—The 
term ‘‘eligible low-income individual’’ means an indi-
vidual whose family income is at or below 150 per-
cent of the poverty line (as that term is defined in 
section 673(2) of the Community Services Block 
Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revi-
sion required by that section) for a family of the size 
involved.
386
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(3) RECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘recipient’’ means 
a designated recipient (as defined in section 
5307(a)(2)) and a State that receives a grant under 
this section directly. 
‘(4) REVERSE COMMUTE PROJECT.—The term 
‘‘reverse commute project’’ means a public transpor-
tation project designed to transport residents of ur-
banized areas and other than urbanized areas to 
suburban employment opportunities, including any 
projects to—
‘(A) subsidize the costs associated with 
adding reverse commute bus, train, carpool, van 
routes, or service from urbanized areas and 
other than urbanized areas to suburban work-
places; 
‘(B) subsidize the purchase or lease by a 
nonprofit organization or public agency of a van 
or bus dedicated to shuttling employees from 
their residences to a suburban workplace; or 
‘(C) otherwise facilitate the provision of 
public transportation services to suburban em-
ployment opportunities. 
‘(5) SUBRECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘subrecipient’’ 
means a State or local governmental authority, non-
profit organization, or operator of public transpor-
387
HR 3 IH1S 
tation services that receives a grant under this sec-
tion indirectly through a recipient. 
‘(6) WELFARE RECIPIENT.—The term ‘‘welfare 
recipient’’ means an individual who has received as-
sistance under a State or tribal program funded 
under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act 
at any time during the 3-year period before the date 
on which the applicant applies for a grant under this 
section. 
‘(b) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—
‘(1) GRANTS.—The Secretary may make grants 
under this section to a recipient for access to jobs 
and reverse commute projects carried out by the re-
cipient or a subrecipient. 
‘(2) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—A recipient 
may use not more than 10 percent of the amounts 
apportioned to the recipient under this section to ad-
minister, plan, and provide technical assistance for 
a project funded under this section. 
‘(c) APPORTIONMENTS.—
‘(1) FORMULA.—The Secretary shall apportion 
amounts made available to carry out this section as 
follows: 
‘(A) 60 percent of the funds shall be ap-
portioned among designated recipients (as de-
388
HR 3 IH1S 
fined in section 5307(a)(2)) for urbanized areas 
with a population of 200,000 or more in the 
ratio that—
‘(i) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in each 
such urbanized area; bears to 
‘(ii) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in all 
such urbanized areas. 
‘(B) 20 percent of the funds shall be ap-
portioned among the States in the ratio that—
‘(i) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in urban-
ized areas with a population of less than 
200,000 in each State; bears to 
‘(ii) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in urban-
ized areas with a population of less than 
200,000 in all States. 
‘(C) 20 percent of the funds shall be ap-
portioned among the States in the ratio that—
‘(i) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in other 
than urbanized areas in -each State; bears 
to
389
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(ii) the number of eligible low-income 
individuals and welfare recipients in other 
than urbanized areas in all States. 
‘(2) USE OF APPORTIONED FUNDS.—Except as 
provided in paragraph (3)—
‘(A) funds apportioned under paragraph 
(1)(A) shall be used for projects serving urban-
ized areas with a population of 200,000 or 
more; 
‘(B) funds apportioned under paragraph 
(1)(B) shall be used for projects serving urban-
ized areas with a population of less than 
200,000; and 
‘(C) funds apportioned under paragraph 
(1)(C) shall be used for projects serving other 
than urbanized areas. 
‘(3) EXCEPTIONS.—A State may use funds ap-
portioned under paragraphs (1)(B) and (1)(C)—
‘(A) for projects serving areas other than 
the area specified in paragraph (2)(B) or 
(2)(C), as the case may be, if the Governor of 
the State certifies that all of the objectives of 
this section are being met in the specified area; 
or
390
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(B) for projects anywhere in the State if 
the State has established a statewide program 
for meeting the objectives of this section. 
‘(d) COMPETITIVE PROCESS FOR GRANTS TO SUB-
RECIPIENTS.—
‘(1) AREAWIDE SOLICITATIONS.—A recipient of 
funds apportioned under subsection (c)(1)(A) shall 
conduct, in cooperation with the appropriate metro-
politan planning organization, an areawide solicita-
tion for applications for grants to the recipient and 
subrecipients under this section. 
‘(2) STATEWIDE SOLICITATION.—A recipient of 
funds apportioned under subsection (c)(1)(B) or 
(c)(1)(C) shall conduct a statewide solicitation for 
applications for grants to the recipient and sub-
recipients under this section. 
‘(3) APPLICATION.—Recipients and subrecipi-
ents seeking to receive a grant from funds appor-
tioned under subsection (c) shall submit to the re-
cipient an application in the form and in accordance 
with such requirements as the recipient shall estab-
lish. 
‘(4) GRANT
AWARDS.—The recipient shall 
award grants under paragraphs (1) and (2) on a 
competitive basis.
391
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(e) TRANSFERS.—
‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State may transfer any 
funds apportioned to it under subsection (c)(1)(B) 
or (c)(1)(C), or both, to an apportionment under 
section 5311(c) or 5336, or both. 
‘(2) LIMITED
TO
ELIGIBLE
PROJECTS.—Any 
apportionment transferred under this subsection 
shall be made available only for eligible job access 
and reverse commute projects as described in this 
section. 
‘(3) CONSULTATION.—A State may make a 
transfer of an amount under this subsection only 
after consulting with responsible local officials and 
publicly owned operators of public transportation in 
each area for which the amount originally was 
awarded under subsection (d)(4). 
‘(f) GRANT REQUIREMENTS.—
‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A grant under this section 
shall be subject to the requirements of section 5307. 
‘(2) FAIR AND EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION.—A 
recipient of a grant under this section shall certify 
to the Secretary that allocations of the grant to sub-
recipients are distributed on a fair and equitable 
basis. 
‘(g) COORDINATION.—
392
HR 3 IH1S 
‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall coordi-
nate activities under this section with related activi-
ties under programs of other Federal departments 
and agencies. 
‘(2) WITH
NONPROFIT
PROVIDERS.—A State 
that transfers funds to an apportionment under sec-
tion 5336 pursuant to subsection (e) shall certify to 
the Secretary that any project for which the funds 
are requested under this section has been coordi-
nated with nonprofit providers of services. 
‘(3) PROJECT SELECTION AND PLANNING.—A 
recipient of funds under this section shall certify to 
the Secretary that—
‘(A) the projects selected were derived 
from a locally developed, coordinated public 
transit-human services transportation plan; and 
‘(B) the plan was developed through a 
process that included representatives of public, 
private, and nonprofit transportation and 
human services providers and participation by 
the public. 
‘(h) GOVERNMENT’S SHARE OF COSTS.—
‘(1) CAPITAL PROJECTS.—A grant for a capital 
project under this section may not exceed 80 percent