H. Res. 1145 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
November 18, 2020. 
Whereas Alexei Navalny is a well-known anticorruption activ-
ist and leader of the political opposition in Russia; 
Whereas Mr. Navalny garnered 27 percent of the vote in the 
2013 Moscow mayoral election; 
Whereas since that election, Mr. Navalny and his party have 
been repeatedly denied the opportunity to compete in 
elections; 
Whereas Mr. Navalny has been imprisoned multiple times for 
participating in unsanctioned protests; 
Whereas Mr. Navalny was attacked twice with a chemical 
substance in 2017 and potentially poisoned in 2019 while 
in prison; 
Whereas over the years a number of Russian journalists, 
human rights activists, politicians, whistleblowers, and 
others have been killed or died under mysterious cir-
cumstances, in Russia and overseas, including— 
(1) former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko (in 
London) and investigative journalist Anna Politkovskaya 
in 2006; 
(2) human rights lawyer Stanislav Markelov, jour-
nalist Anastasia Baburova, whistleblower lawyer Sergei
•HRES 1145 EH 
Magnitsky, 
and 
human 
rights 
activist 
Natalya 
Estemirova in 2009; and 
(3) opposition politician Boris Nemtsov in 2015; 
Whereas, on August 20, 2020, Mr. Navalny fell ill while on 
a domestic flight in Russia; 
Whereas, on August 22, 2020, Mr. Navalny was evacuated by 
airlift from Omsk, Russia, to Berlin, Germany, for his 
protection and to ensure he would receive a high stand-
ard of health care to improve his chances of recovery; 
Whereas German chemical weapons experts conducted tests 
and found ‘‘unequivocal’’ evidence that Mr. Navalny had 
been poisoned with a Soviet-era military-grade chemical 
nerve agent from the Novichok group; 
Whereas specialized laboratories in France and Sweden con-
firmed that Mr. Navalny was poisoned with a nerve agent 
from the Novichok group; 
Whereas the Government of the Russian Federation has re-
peatedly denied that Mr. Navalny was poisoned; 
Whereas the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany 
has called on the Government of the Russian Federation 
to open an investigation into Mr. Navalny’s case; 
Whereas the Russian Federation is a party to the Chemical 
Weapons Convention (CWC); 
Whereas, in November 2019, after Russian agents used a 
Novichok-class nerve agent in an attempted assassination 
of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal in the United King-
dom in March 2018, CWC parties agreed to add the 
Novichok group of nerve agents to ‘‘Schedule 1’’, a list 
of chemicals classified as chemical warfare agents that 
are subject to declaration requirements and other restric-
tions;
•HRES 1145 EH 
Whereas, on September 4, 2020, NATO strongly condemned 
the attack on Mr. Navalny and called on the Russian 
Federation to cooperate with the Organization for the 
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on an impartial, inter-
national investigation; 
Whereas the G7 foreign ministers issued a statement on Sep-
tember 8, 2020, that called on the Government of the 
Russian Federation ‘‘to urgently and fully establish 
transparency on who is responsible for this abhorrent poi-
soning attack and, bearing in mind Russia’s commit-
ments under the Chemical Weapons Convention, to bring 
the perpetrators to justice’’; 
Whereas the Russian Federation is a state party to the Inter-
national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR); 
Whereas Article 6 of the ICCPR states that ‘‘Every human 
being has the inherent right to life’’ and ‘‘No one shall 
be arbitrarily deprived of his life’’; 
Whereas Article 9 of the ICCPR states that ‘‘Everyone has 
the right to liberty and security of person.’’; 
Whereas the Russian Federation is a member of the Organi-
zation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE); 
Whereas respect for human rights is key to the OSCE’s com-
prehensive approach to security and therefore the OSCE 
monitors the human rights situation in its 57 partici-
pating states; 
Whereas pressure on Germany to reconsider its support for 
the Nord Stream 2 pipeline from the United States and 
international community, including many European 
Union countries, as well as from leading politicians with-
in Germany, has grown since the attack on Mr. Navalny;