•HJ 110 IH 
terrorism constitute one of the most serious threats to 
international peace and security in the twenty-first cen-
tury’’; 
Whereas in the absence of one or more thorough and robust 
resolutions by the United Nations Security Council to 
continue the weapons inspections program in Iraq, Iraq 
remains a threat to all nations engaged in the global war 
on terrorism; 
Whereas the Constitution reserves to Congress the sole au-
thority to declare war; 
Whereas the Congress must approve any United States en-
gagement in military action with Iraq through the War 
Powers Resolution; and 
Whereas the United States has never engaged in a preemp-
tive strike against another sovereign nation and must re-
sort to this course of action when, and only when, all 
other avenues for disarming the threat to its vital inter-
ests have been explored and exhausted: Now, therefore, 
be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This joint resolution may be cited as the ‘‘Liberation 
of the Iraqi People Resolution’’.
SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
Congress—
(1) condemns Saddam Hussein’s ongoing ef-
forts to repress the freedoms of the Iraqi people;
•HJ 110 IH 
(2) calls on the President to exhaust all peace-
ful and diplomatic avenues for disarming the threat 
to United States interests before using military force 
against Iraq; 
(3) calls on the President to obtain allied sup-
port for any preemptive strike against Iraq through 
a thorough and robust United Nations Security 
Council resolution; 
(4) urges the President to consider that in the 
absence of a post-invasion plan for ensuring the de-
mocracy, security and stability of the nation of Iraq, 
a military invasion will not achieve the desired re-
sults for that nation; and 
(5) expresses its heartfelt concern for the safe-
ty, health, and well being of the people of Iraq. 
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES 
ARMED FORCES. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized, 
subject to subsection (b), to use United States Armed 
Forces to defend the national security interests of the 
United States against the threat posed by Iraq. 
(b) CONDITIONS OF AUTHORITY.—Before exercising 
the authority granted in subsection (a), the President 
shall—
(1) certify to Congress that—
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(A) Iraq is continuing to attempt to obtain 
conventional, chemical, biological, and nuclear 
weapons and carry out ballistic missile pro-
grams, and provide appropriate documentation 
thereof; 
(B) Iraq poses an imminent threat to the 
United States or United States interests in the 
region, and provide appropriate documentation 
thereof; 
(C) the United States has used all appro-
priate diplomatic and other peaceful means to 
obtain compliance by Iraq with the United Na-
tions Security Council Resolutions 660, 661, 
662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, 677, 
and 678; and 
(D) the United States has sought from the 
United Nations Security Council a thorough 
and robust resolution expressing its dissatisfac-
tion 
regarding 
Iraq’s 
noncompliance 
with 
United Nations Security Council Resolutions 
687 and 949 and those resolutions specified in 
subparagraph (C); and 
(2) transmit to Congress a comprehensive plan 
of action that contains, at a minimum—
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(A) a commitment that United States en-
gagement in the war against terrorism shall re-
main the highest priority of the United States 
Government to the maximum extent possible; 
(B) a comprehensive plan for long-term 
cultural, economic, and political stabilization in 
a free Iraq; 
(C) a commitment that the United States 
will take necessary efforts to protect the health, 
safety, and security of the Iraqi people and ex-
isting infrastructure, and safety for all United 
States allies and interests in the region; and 
(D) a plan for the continued stabilization 
of Afghanistan. 
(c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS.—
(1) SPECIFIC
STATUTORY
AUTHORIZATION.—
Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers 
Resolution, the Congress declares that this section is 
intended to constitute specific statutory authoriza-
tion within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War 
Powers Resolution. 
(2) 
APPLICABILITY
OF
OTHER
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Nothing in this joint resolution supersedes 
any requirement of the War Powers Resolution.
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SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
At least once every 60 days, the President shall sub-
mit to the Congress a summary on the status of efforts 
authorized in this joint resolution.
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