receive instruction, including required academic
courses and related instruction, by alternation of
study in school with a job in any occupational field,
which alternation shall be planned and supervised by
the school and employer so that each contributes to
the education and employability of the individual,
and may include an arrangement in which work pe-
riods and school attendance may be on alternate half
days, full days, weeks, or other periods of time in ful-
filling the cooperative program.
‘‘(5) DISPLACED HOMEMAKER.—The term ‘dis-
placed homemaker’ means an individual who—
‘‘(A) has worked primarily without remu-
neration to care for a home and family, and for
that reason has diminished marketable skills; or
‘‘(B) is a parent whose youngest dependent
child will become ineligible to receive assistance
under title I of the Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
not later than 2 years after the date of which the
parent applies for assistance under this title.
‘‘(6) EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AGENCY.—The term
‘educational service agency’ means a regional public
multiservice agency authorized by State statute to de-
velop and manage a service or program and provide
the service or program to a local educational agency.
‘‘(7) ELIGIBLE
RECIPIENT.—The term ‘eligible
recipient’ means a local educational agency, an area
vocational-technical education school, an educational
service agency, an institution of higher education (as
such term is defined in section 1201(a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a))), and a
consortium of such entities.
‘‘(8) LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGENCY.—The term
‘local educational agency’ has the meaning given such
term in section 14101 of the Elementary and Second-
ary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801).
‘‘(9) OUTLYING AREA.—The term ‘outlying area’
means the United States Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Is-
lands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Re-
public of Palau.
‘‘(10) REPRESENTATIVES OF EMPLOYEES.—The
term ‘representatives of employees’ means—
‘‘(A) individuals who have been elected by
organizations, associations, or a network of simi-
lar institutions to represent the economic inter-
ests of employees at a significant segment of
workplaces; or
‘‘(B) individuals from organizations, asso-
ciations, or a network of similar institutions,
with expertise to represent, or experience rep-
resenting, the interests of employees with respect
to vocational-technical education.
‘‘(11) SECONDARY SCHOOL.—The term ‘second-
ary school’ has the meaning given the term in section
14101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801).
‘‘(12) SPECIAL POPULATIONS.—The term ‘special
populations’ means individuals with disabilities, eco-
nomically disadvantaged individuals, individuals of
limited English proficiency, and individuals partici-
pating in nontraditional training and employment.
‘‘(13) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means
the Secretary of Education.
‘‘(14) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means each of
the several States of the United States, the District of
Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
‘‘(15) TECH-PREP
PROGRAM.—The term ‘tech-
prep program’ means a program of study that—
‘‘(A) combines at least 2 years of secondary
education (as determined under State law) and
2 years of postsecondary education in a non-
duplicative sequential course of study;
‘‘(B) strengthens the applied academic com-
ponent of vocational-technical education through
the integration of academic and vocational-tech-
nical instruction;
‘‘(C) provides technical preparation in an
area such as engineering technology, applied
science, a mechanical, industrial, or practical
art or trade, agriculture, a health occupation,
business, or applied economics;
‘‘(D) builds student competence in mathe-
matics, science, and communications through ap-
plied academics in a coherent sequence of
courses; and
‘‘(E) leads to an associate degree or a cer-
tificate in a specific career field and to high
skill, high wage employment or further edu-
cation.
‘‘(16) VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL EDUCATION.—The
term ‘vocational-technical education’ means organized
educational programs that—
‘‘(A) offer a sequence of courses that provide
individuals with the academic knowledge and
skills the individuals need to prepare for further
education and careers in current or emerging
employment sectors; and
‘‘(B) 
include 
competency-based 
applied
learning that contributes to the academic knowl-
edge, higher-order reasoning and problem-solving
skills, work attitudes, general employability
skills, and occupation-specific skills, of an indi-
vidual.
‘‘(17) VOCATIONAL
STUDENT
ORGANIZATION.—
The term ‘vocational student organization’ means an
organization, for individuals enrolled in programs of
vocational-technical education programs, that engages
in programs as an integral part of the instructional
component of such programs, which organization may
have State and national units.’’.
SEC. 402. REPEAL OF SMITH-HUGHES VOCATIONAL EDU-
CATION ACT.
The Act of February 23, 1917 (39 Stat. 929; 20 U.S.C.
11) (commonly known as the ‘‘Smith-Hughes Vocational
Education Act’’) is repealed.
SEC. 403. EFFECTIVE DATE.
Except as otherwise provided, the repeals and amend-
ments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of the
enactment of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational-Technical
Education Act Amendments of 1997.