H. R. 5515—434 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(1) COALITION PARTNER.—The term ‘‘coalition partner’’ has 
the meaning given such term in paragraph (3) of section 948a 
of title 10, United States Code. 
(2) GROSS
VIOLATIONS
OF
INTERNATIONALLY
RECOGNIZED 
HUMAN RIGHTS.—The term ‘‘gross violations of internationally 
recognized human rights’’ has the meaning given such term 
in subsection (d)(1) of section 502B of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304). 
SEC. 1275. REPORT ON UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT SECURITY 
COOPERATION 
AND 
ASSISTANCE 
PROGRAMS 
WITH 
MEXICO. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than July 1, 2019, the Sec-
retary of Defense and Secretary of State shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report on United States Govern-
ment programs relating to security cooperation with and assistance 
to Mexico. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following: 
(1) A description of United States national security 
interests in Mexico. 
(2) A description of the security environment in Mexico, 
including descriptions of the threats to United States interests 
posed by violence related to drug trafficking and cartel activity. 
(3) A description of all United States security cooperation 
and assistance programs in Mexico, including descriptions of 
the purpose, objectives, and type of training, equipment, or 
assistance provided, the lead agency with responsibility for 
each such program, and how such programs advance the 
nationals security interests of the United States. 
(4) A description of the cost, scope, size, and components 
of such programs for fiscal years 2017 and 2018, including 
for each such program the following: 
(A) The purpose and objectives of the program. 
(B) The authority or authorities under which the pro-
gram is conducted. 
(C) The types of units receiving assistance, including 
components of the Mexican Armed Forces, national police, 
gendarmerie, counternarcotics police, counterterrorism 
police, Formed Police Units, border security, and customs. 
(D) The funding and personnel levels for the program 
in each such fiscal year, future year costs, including 
sustainment costs, over the next five fiscal years, and any 
required increases of capacity to support the program, as 
appropriate. 
(E) The extent to which the program is implemented 
by contractors or United States Government personnel. 
(F) The metrics for assessing the effectiveness of such 
training, equipment, or assistance provided. 
(5) An evaluation of the appropriate role of United States 
Government departments and agencies in carrying out and 
coordinating such programs. 
(6) An evaluation of the appropriate role of contractors 
in carrying out such programs, and what modifications, if any, 
are needed to improve oversight of such contractors.
H. R. 5515—435 
(7) Any other matters determined appropriate by the Sec-
retary of Defense and Secretary of State. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Homeland Security, and 
the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives. 
SEC. 1276. REPORT ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MISSIONS, OPER-
ATIONS, AND ACTIVITIES IN NIGER. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation as appropriate with the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees, the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report on 
the missions, operations, and activities of the Department of 
Defense in Niger that includes the following: 
(A) A description of the objectives and the associated 
lines of efforts of the Department in Niger, and the bench-
marks for assessing progress toward such objectives. 
(B) A description of the timeline for achieving such 
objectives in Niger. 
(C) A justification of the relevance of such objectives 
in Niger to the national security of the United States 
and to the objectives in the National Defense Strategy. 
(D) A description of steps the Department is taking 
to ensure that security cooperation in Niger is effectively 
coordinated with the diplomatic and development activities 
of the Department of State and the United States Agency 
for International Development. 
(E) Consistent with the report required by section 1212 
of this Act, a description of the legal, operational, and 
funding authorities relating to the lines of effort of the 
Department in Niger. 
(F) An identification of measures to mitigate oper-
ational risk to and increase the preparedness of members 
of the Armed Forces conducting missions, operations, or 
activities in Niger. 
(G) An assessment of the command and support rela-
tionships of United States Africa Command with subordi-
nate commands associated with missions, operations, and 
activities in Niger, including Special Operations Command 
Africa. 
(H) A description of each recommendation included 
the Army Regulation 15-6 investigation report conducted 
by United States Africa Command regarding the incident 
in Niger on October 4, 2017, the current implementation 
status 
of 
such 
recommendation, 
and 
a 
projected 
implementation timeline for any recommendation not yet 
implemented or a justification for not implementing such 
recommendation.
H. R. 5515—436 
(I) An identification of the measures taken, consistent 
with such investigation report, to mitigate risk to and 
increase the preparedness of members of the Armed Forces 
conducting missions, operations, or activities in Niger and 
throughout Africa. 
(J) Any other matter the Secretary determines to be 
appropriate. 
(2) SCOPE OF REPORT.—The report required by paragraph 
(1) may also include information with respect to United States 
missions, operations, and activities in other countries in the 
region, as appropriate. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a)(1) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex. 
SEC. 1277. REPORT ON THE SECURITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 
UNITED STATES AND THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the Sec-
retary of State shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the security relationship between the United 
States and the Republic of Cyprus. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 
include the following: 
(1) A description of ongoing military and security coopera-
tion between the United States and the Republic of Cyprus. 
(2) A discussion of potential steps for enhancing the 
bilateral security relationship between the United States and 
the Republic of Cyprus, including steps to enhance the military 
and security capabilities of the Republic of Cyprus. 
(3) An analysis of the effectiveness of the United States 
arms embargo policy to deny applications for licenses and other 
approvals for the export of defense articles and defense services 
to the armed forces of the Republic of Cyprus, and the impact 
of such United States policy on— 
(A) the bilateral security relationship between the 
United States and the Republic of Cyprus; and 
(B) the ability of the United States and partners of 
the United States to achieve shared security objectives 
in the Eastern Mediterranean region. 
(4) An analysis of the extent to which such United States 
policy is consistent with overall United States security and 
policy objectives in the Eastern Mediterranean region. 
(5) An assessment of the potential impact of lifting such 
United States policy on United States interests relating to 
the Republic of Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean region. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ 
means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives. 
SEC. 1278. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON DETENTION OF UNITED STATES 
CITIZENS BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF 
TURKEY. 
It is the sense of Congress that—
H. R. 5515—437 
(1) the Government of the Republic of Turkey continues 
to unlawfully and wrongfully detain United States citizens, 
including Andrew Brunson and Serkan Golge, and staff of 
United States missions in the Republic of Turkey; and 
(2) consistent with the obligations of the Government of 
the Republic of Turkey under the North Atlantic Treaty, which 
commits North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies to safeguard 
‘‘the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule 
of law’’, the Government of the Republic of Turkey should 
immediately release all United States citizens who have been 
wrongfully detained and resolve such cases in a timely, fair, 
and transparent manner. 
SEC. 1279. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATED TO NATO SUPPORT 
AND PROCUREMENT ORGANIZATION AND RELATED NATO 
AGREEMENTS. 
(a) TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE.—Section 2350d of title 
10, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘NATO Support Organization’’ each place 
it appears and inserting ‘‘NATO Support and Procurement 
Organization’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘Support Partnership Agreement’’ each place 
it appears and inserting ‘‘Support or Procurement Partnership 
Agreement’’; and 
(3) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘Support Partnership 
Agreements’’ and inserting ‘‘Support or Procurement Partner-
ship Agreements’’. 
(b) ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT.—Section 21(e)(3) of the Arms 
Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(e)(3)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A)— 
(A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
‘‘North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support 
Organization’’ and inserting ‘‘North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO) Support and Procurement Organiza-
tion’’; and 
(B) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘support partnership agree-
ment’’ and inserting ‘‘support or procurement partnership 
agreement’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (C)(i), in the matter preceding sub-
clause (I)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘ ‘weapon system partnership agree-
ment’ ’’ and inserting ‘‘ ‘support or procurement partnership 
agreement’ ’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
(NATO) Support Organization’’ and inserting ‘‘North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Support and Procure-
ment Organization’’. 
SEC. 1280. REPORT ON PERMANENT STATIONING OF UNITED STATES 
FORCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 2019, the Secretary 
of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall submit 
to the congressional defense committees a report on the feasibility 
and advisability of permanently stationing United States forces 
in the Republic of Poland. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
H. R. 5515—438 
(1) An assessment of the types of permanently stationed 
United States forces in Poland required to deter aggression 
by the Russian Federation and execute Department of Defense 
contingency plans, including combat enabler units in capability 
areas such as— 
(A) combat engineering; 
(B) logistics and sustainment; 
(C) warfighting headquarters elements; 
(D) long-range fires; 
(E) air and missile defense; 
(F) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; and 
(G) electronic warfare. 
(2) An assessment of the feasibility and advisability of 
permanently stationing a United States Army brigade combat 
team in the Republic of Poland that includes the following: 
(A) An assessment whether a permanently stationed 
United States Army brigade combat team in Poland would 
enhance deterrence against Russian aggression in Eastern 
Europe. 
(B) An assessment of the actions the Russian Federa-
tion may take in response to a United States decision 
to permanently station a brigade combat team in Poland. 
(C) An assessment of the international political consid-
erations of permanently stationing such a brigade combat 
team in Poland, including within the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization (NATO). 
(D) An assessment whether such a brigade combat 
team in Poland would support implementation of the 
National Defense Strategy. 
(E) A description and assessment of the manner in 
which such a brigade combat team in Poland would affect 
the ability of the Joint Force to execute Department of 
Defense contingency plans in Europe. 
(F) A description and assessment of the manner in 
which such a brigade combat team in Poland would affect 
the ability of the Joint Force to respond to a crisis inside 
the territory of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization ally 
that occurs prior to the invocation of Article 5 of the Wash-
ington Treaty by the North Atlantic Council. 
(G) An identification and assessment of— 
(i) potential locations in Poland for stationing such 
a brigade combat team; 
(ii) the logistics requirements, including force 
enablers, equipment, supplies, storage, and mainte-
nance, that would be required to support such a brigade 
combat team in Poland; 
(iii) infrastructure investments by the United 
States and Poland, including new construction or 
upgrades of existing sites, that would be required to 
support such a brigade combat team in Poland; 
(iv) any new agreements, or changes to existing 
agreements, between the United States and Poland 
that would be required for a such a brigade combat 
team in Poland; 
(v) any changes to the posture or capabilities of 
the Joint Force in Europe that would be required to 
support such a brigade combat team in Poland; and
H. R. 5515—439 
(vi) the timeline required to achieve the permanent 
stationing of such a brigade combat team in Poland. 
(H) An assessment of the willingness and ability of 
the Government of Poland to provide host nation support 
for such a brigade combat team. 
(I) An assessment whether future growth in United 
States Army end strength may be used to source additional 
forces for such a brigade combat team in Poland. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) shall be sub-
mitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. 
SEC. 1281. REPORT ON STRENGTHENING NATO CYBER DEFENSE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than March 31, 2019, the Secretary 
of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees 
a report detailing the Department’s efforts to enhance the United 
States’ leadership and collaboration with the North Atlantic Treaty 
Organization with respect to the development of a comprehensive, 
cross-domain strategy to build cyber-defense capacity and deter 
cyber attacks among Organization member countries. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) shall 
address the following: 
(1) Improving cyber situational awareness among Organiza-
tion member countries. 
(2) Implementation of the cyber operational-domain 
roadmap of the Organization with respect to doctrine, political 
oversight and governance, planning, rules of engagement, and 
integration across Organization member countries. 
(3) Planned cooperative efforts to combat information war-
fare across Organization member countries. 
(4) The development of cyber capabilities, including 
cooperative development efforts and technology transfer. 
(5) Supporting stronger cyber partnerships with non- 
Organization member countries, as appropriate. 
SEC. 1282. REPORT ON STATUS OF THE UNITED STATES RELATIONSHIP 
WITH THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report on the status 
of the United States relationship with the Republic of Turkey. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report required under 
this subsection shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of United States military and diplo-
matic presence in the Republic of Turkey, including all 
military activities conducted from Incirlik Air Base or else-
where. 
(B) An assessment of the potential purchase by the 
Government of the Republic of Turkey of the S–400 air 
and missile defense system from the Russian Federation 
and the potential effects of such purchase on the United 
States-Turkey bilateral relationship, including an assess-
ment of impacts on other United States weapon systems 
and platforms operated jointly with the Republic of Turkey 
to include— 
(i) the F–35 Lightning II Joint Strike aircraft, 
including an assessment of the operational and
H. R. 5515—440 
counterintelligence risks posed by the deployment of 
the S–400 air and missile defense system in the 
Republic of Turkey and the steps required to mitigate 
those risks, if possible; 
(ii) the Patriot surface-to-air missile system; 
(iii) the CH–47 Chinook heavy lift helicopter; 
(iv) the AH–64 Attack helicopter; 
(v) the H–60 Black Hawk utility helicopter; and 
(vi) the F–16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. 
(C) An assessment of the Republic of Turkey’s partici-
pation in the F–35 program, including— 
(i) a description of industrial participation of 
Turkish industry in the manufacturing and assembly 
of the F–35 program; 
(ii) an assessment of tooling and other manufac-
turing materials held by Turkish industry; and 
(iii) an assessment of the impacts of a significant 
change in participation by the Republic of Turkey in 
the F–35 program and the steps that would be required 
to mitigate negative impacts of such a change on the 
United States and other international program part-
ners. 
(D) An identification of potential alternative air and 
missile defense systems that could be purchased by the 
Government of the Republic of Turkey, including air and 
missile defense systems operated by the United States 
or other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 
member states. 
(3) FORM.—The report required under this subsection shall 
be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
annex. 
(b) LIMITATION.—The Department of Defense may not deliver 
any F–35 aircraft to the Republic of Turkey, until such time as 
the report identified in subsection (a) has been submitted. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ 
means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1283. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS CONCERNING MILITARY-TO-MILI-
TARY DIALOGUES. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) military-to-military dialogues, including in the case of 
allies, partners, and adversaries and potential adversaries, can 
be a useful and important tool for advancing United States 
national security objectives in a complex, interactive, and 
dynamic security environment; 
(2) frameworks for military-to-military dialogues should 
be flexible and adaptable to such a security environment and 
should be informed by national security guidance, such as the 
2017 National Security Strategy and the 2018 National Defense 
Strategy; and 
(3) military-to-military dialogues can and should be reli-
able, enduring, and tailorable based on circumstance, so that
H. R. 5515—441 
such dialogues can be trusted and available when needed, 
particularly amid escalating tensions. 
SEC. 1284. MODIFICATIONS TO GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT CENTER. 
Section 1287 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2017 (22 U.S.C. 2656 note) is amended— 
(1) by amending paragraph (2) of subsection (a) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center shall be to direct, 
lead, synchronize, integrate, and coordinate efforts of the Fed-
eral Government to recognize, understand, expose, and counter 
foreign 
state 
and 
foreign 
non-state 
propaganda 
and 
disinformation efforts aimed at undermining or influencing the 
policies, security, or stability of the United States and United 
States allies and partner nations.’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) Direct, lead, synchronize, integrate, and coordinate 
interagency and international efforts to track and evaluate 
counterfactual narratives abroad that threaten the policies, 
security, or stability of the United States and United States 
allies and partner nations.’’; 
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows: 
‘‘(4) Identify current and emerging trends in foreign propa-
ganda and disinformation in order to coordinate and shape 
the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures to expose 
and refute foreign propaganda and disinformation, and pro- 
actively support the promotion of credible, fact-based narratives 
and policies to audiences outside the United States.’’; 
(C) by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (10) as 
paragraphs (7) through (11), respectively; 
(D) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(6) Measure and evaluate the activities of the Center, 
including the outcomes of such activities, and implement 
mechanisms to ensure that the activities of the Center are 
updated to reflect the results of such measurement and evalua-
tion.’’; and 
(E) by amending paragraph (8), as so redesignated, 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(8) Use information from appropriate interagency entities 
to identify the countries, geographic areas, and populations 
most susceptible to propaganda and disinformation, as well 
as the countries, geographic areas, and populations in which 
such propaganda and disinformation is likely to cause the most 
harm.’’; 
(3) in subsection (d), by amending paragraphs (1) and (2) 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) DETAILEES AND ASSIGNEES.—Any Federal Government 
employee may be detailed or assigned to the Center with or 
without reimbursement, consistent with applicable laws and 
regulations regarding such employee, and such detail or assign-
ment shall be without interruption or loss of status or privilege. 
‘‘(2) TEMPORARY
PERSONNEL.—The Secretary of State 
should, when hiring temporary United States citizen personnel, 
preference the use of Foreign Service limited appointments 
both in the United States and abroad in accordance with section
H. R. 5515—442 
309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3949). The 
Secretary may hire United States citizens or aliens, as appro-
priate, including as personal services contractors, for purposes 
of personnel resources of the Center, if— 
‘‘(A) the Secretary determines that existing personnel 
resources or expertise are insufficient; 
‘‘(B) the period in which services are provided by a 
personal services contractor, including options, does not 
exceed 3 years, unless the Secretary determines that excep-
tional circumstances justify an extension of up to one addi-
tional year; 
‘‘(C) not more than 50 United States citizens or aliens 
are employed as personal services contractors under the 
authority of this paragraph at any time; and 
‘‘(D) the authority of this paragraph is only used to 
obtain specialized skills or experience or to respond to 
urgent needs.’’; 
(4) in subsection (e), by amending paragraphs (1) and (2) 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For each of fiscal years 2019 and 2020, 
the Secretary of Defense is authorized to transfer, from amounts 
appropriated to the Secretary pursuant to the authorization 
under this Act, to the Secretary of State not more than 
$60,000,000, to carry out the functions of the Center. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary of Defense shall 
notify the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of 
the House of Representatives of a proposed transfer under 
paragraph (1) not less than 15 days prior to making such 
transfer.’’; 
(5) in subsection (f), by amending paragraphs (1) and (2) 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) AUTHORITY
FOR
GRANTS.—The Center is authorized 
to provide grants or contracts of financial support to civil society 
groups, media content providers, nongovernmental organiza-
tions, federally funded research and development centers, pri-
vate companies, or academic institutions for the following pur-
poses: 
‘‘(A) To support local entities and linkages among such 
entities, including independent media entities, that are 
best 
positioned 
to 
refute 
foreign 
propaganda 
and 
disinformation in affected communities. 
‘‘(B) To collect and store examples of print, online, 
and social media disinformation and propaganda directed 
at the United States or United States allies and partner 
nations. 
‘‘(C) To analyze and report on tactics, techniques, and 
procedures of foreign information warfare and other efforts 
with respect to disinformation and propaganda. 
‘‘(D) To support efforts by the Center to counter efforts 
by foreign entities to use disinformation and propaganda 
to undermine or influence the policies, security, and social 
and political stability of the United States and United 
States allies and partner nations.