1018 
(11) In November 2006 at the Riga Summit, 
NATO declared that ‘‘terrorism, increasingly global 
in scope and lethal in results, and the spread of 
weapons of mass destruction are likely to be the 
principal threats to the Alliance over the next 10 to 
15 years’’. 
(12) In July 2016 at the Warsaw Summit, 
NATO leaders agreed to strengthen the Alliance’s 
military presence in Eastern Europe, declared Initial 
Operational Capability of NATO’s Ballistic Missile 
Defense to strengthen the defense of Allied countries 
against ballistic missiles, and recognized cyberspace 
as a new operational domain. 
(13) The attacks in Paris, France; Berlin, Ger-
many; Istanbul, Turkey; Manchester, England; Bar-
celona, Spain; and Brussels, Belgium, home of the 
NATO Headquarters, shows the importance of an 
international alliance to combat terrorist groups. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States reaffirms its commitment 
to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 
as the foundation of transatlantic security and de-
fense;
1019 
(2) NATO serves as a critical coalition in pre-
serving peace and stability in the transatlantic re-
gion; 
(3) NATO’s continued effort to develop new ca-
pabilities and technologies to combat terrorism and 
a changing international security environment are 
crucial to enhancing national security and strength-
ening the United States ability to combat evolving 
security threats; and 
(4) the United States encourages each NATO 
member country to meet or exceed the commitment 
to spend two percent of its Gross Domestic Product 
(GDP) on defense. 
SEC. 1292. SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO INCREASES 
IN 
DEFENSE 
CAPABILITIES 
OF 
UNITED 
STATES ALLIES. 
It is the sense of Congress that the President, in fur-
therance of increased unity, equitable sharing of the com-
mon defense burden, and international stability, should— 
(1) encourage all member countries of the 
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (‘‘NATO al-
lies’’) to fulfill their commitments to levels and com-
position of defense expenditures as agreed upon at 
the NATO 2014 Wales Summit and NATO 2016 
Warsaw Summit;
1020 
(2) call on NATO allies to finance, equip, and 
train their armed forces to fulfill their national and 
regional security interests; and 
(3) recognize NATO allies that are meeting 
their defense spending commitments or otherwise 
providing adequately for their national and regional 
security interests. 
SEC. 1293. REPORT ON THREATS BY THE MUSLIM BROTH-
ERHOOD. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Muslim Brotherhood is a threat to the 
United States. 
(b) STRATEGY.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
President and the Secretary of Defense, in coordina-
tion with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report that 
contains an assessment of the threats posed to the 
United States by the Muslim Brotherhood. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required under paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A description of the origins of the 
Muslim Brotherhood.
1021 
(B) A description of the strategic aims of 
the Muslim Brotherhood. 
(C) A description of the tactical methods 
of the Muslim Brotherhood. 
(D) A description of the funding sources of 
the Muslim Brotherhood. 
(E) A description of the leadership struc-
tures of the Muslim Brotherhood. 
(F) Any other matters the President and 
Secretary of Defense consider appropriate. 
(3) FORM.—The required under paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
(c) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on 
Appropriations, and the Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
Appropriations, and the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representa-
tives.
1022 
SEC. 1294. REPORT BY DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 
ON CERTAIN MILITARY CAPABILITIES OF 
CHINA AND RUSSIA. 
(a) REPORT.—The Director of the Defense Intel-
ligence Agency shall submit to the Secretary of Defense 
and the appropriate congressional committees a report on 
the military capabilities of the People’s Republic of China 
and the Russian Federation. 
(b) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The report under sub-
section (a) shall include, with respect to the military of 
China and the military of Russia, the following: 
(1) An update on the presence, status, and ca-
pability of the military with respect to any national 
training centers similar to the Combat Training 
Center Program of the United States. 
(2) An analysis of a readiness deployment cycle 
of the military, including— 
(A) as compared to such a cycle of the 
United States; and 
(B) an identification of metrics used in the 
national training centers of that military. 
(3) A comprehensive investigation into the ca-
pability and readiness of the mechanized logistics of 
the army of the military, including—
1023 
(A) an analysis of field maintenance, 
sustainment maintenance, movement control, 
intermodal operations, and supply; and 
(B) how such functions under subpara-
graph (A) interact with specific echelons of that 
military. 
(4) An assessment of the future of mechanized 
army logistics of that military. 
(c) NONDUPLICATION OF EFFORTS.—The Defense 
Intelligence Agency may make use of or add to any exist-
ing reports completed by the Agency in order to respond 
to the reporting requirement. 
(d) FORM.—The report under subsection (a) may be 
submitted in classified form. 
(e) BRIEFING.—The Director shall provide a briefing 
to the Secretary and the committees specified in sub-
section (a) on the report under such subsection. 
(f) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and
1024 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Se-
lect Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1295. REPORT ON EFFORTS TO COMBAT BOKO HARAM 
IN NIGERIA AND THE LAKE CHAD BASIN. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Congress— 
(1) strongly condemns the ongoing violence and 
the systematic gross human rights violations against 
the people of Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin car-
ried out by Boko Haram; 
(2) expresses its support for the people of Nige-
ria and the Lake Chad Basin who wish to live in a 
peaceful, economically prosperous, and democratic 
region; and 
(3) calls on the President to support Nigerian, 
Lake Chad Basin, and international community ef-
forts to ensure accountability for crimes against hu-
manity committed by Boko Haram against the peo-
ple of Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin, particu-
larly the young girls kidnapped from Chibok and 
other internally displaced persons affected by the ac-
tions of Boko Haram. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
1025 
of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Attorney 
General shall jointly submit to Congress a report on 
efforts to combat Boko Haram in Nigeria and the 
Lake Chad Basin. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following elements: 
(A) A description of initiatives undertaken 
by the Department of Defense to assist the 
Government of Nigeria and countries in the 
Lake Chad Basin to develop capacities to de-
ploy special forces to combat Boko Haram. 
(B) A description of United States activi-
ties to enhance the capacity of Nigeria and 
countries in the Lake Chad Basin to investigate 
and prosecute human rights violations per-
petrated against the people of Nigeria and the 
Lake Chad Basin by Boko Haram, al-Qaeda af-
filiates, and other terrorist organizations, in 
order to promote respect for rule of law in Ni-
geria and the Lake Chad Basin. 
SEC. 1296. REPORT ON INTERFERENCE IN LIBYA BY MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY FORCES OF OTHER FOR-
EIGN NATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter
1026 
for 2 years, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary 
of State shall jointly submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report on the military activities of ex-
ternal actors in Libya, including Russia, Egypt, and the 
United Arab Emirates. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall also include the following: 
(1) An assessment of military, security, and in-
fluence activities by foreign countries in Libya, in-
cluding— 
(A) actions that violate or seek to violate 
the United Nations arms embargo on Libya im-
posed pursuant to United Nations Security 
Council Resolution 1970 (2011); 
(B) actions outside the scope of such Reso-
lution that seek to increase the relative strength 
of either the eastern or western coalition in 
Libya, including through financing, policy co-
ordination, or political support; 
(C) the extent to which the actions de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) and (B) involve 
United States-origin equipment and violate con-
tractual conditions of acceptable use of such 
equipment;
1027 
(2) An assessment of whether the actions de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 
(1) have undermined the United Nations-led and 
United States-supported negotiations or the objec-
tive of political reconciliation and stabilization in 
Libya. 
(3) An assessment of Russian influence in 
Libya and Egypt, including: 
(A) Russian efforts to provide logistical, 
material or political assistance to Libyan par-
ties, establish a military presence, and expand 
political influence in Libya, and any facilitation 
by Egyptian officers or officials for such activi-
ties; 
(B) whether the presence and activities of 
Russian personnel and equipment in Libya and 
Egypt, and Russian requests to establish bases 
in Egypt, pose or could pose a future challenge 
to the United States’ ability to operate in 
Egypt, Libya, or the southern Mediterranean 
broadly, including overflight privileges; and 
(C) whether Egypt is facilitating Russian 
influence and materiel-provision in Libya and 
the extent to which such facilitation undermines 
United States policy, involves United States-ori-
1028 
gin equipment, and violates contractual condi-
tions of acceptable use of such equipment. 
(4) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
and the Secretary of State determine to be relevant. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain 
a classified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the congressional defense committees, the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives. 
SEC. 1297. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING BUILDING AN 
INTERNATIONAL COALITION TO COUNTER 
HYBRID THREATS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States is stronger and more ef-
fective when we work with our partners and allies 
abroad; 
(2) the United States should lead an inter-
national effort of like-minded democracies to build 
awareness of and resilience to the Kremlin’s malign 
influence operations.
1029 
SEC. 1298. MODIFICATION TO ANNUAL REPORT ON MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS IN-
VOLVING 
THE 
PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC 
OF 
CHINA. 
Paragraph (22) of section 1202(b) of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (Public 
Law 106–65; 10 U.S.C. 113 note), as most recently 
amended by section 1261 of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 
Stat. 1688), is further amended by striking ‘‘activities in 
the South China Sea’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘activi-
ties— 
‘‘(A) in the South China Sea; 
‘‘(B) in the East China Sea, including in 
the vicinity of the Senkaku islands; and 
‘‘(C) in the Indian Ocean region.’’. 
SEC. 1299. UNITED STATES SECURITY AND HUMANITARIAN 
SUPPORT STRATEGY FOR YEMEN. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Secretary 
of Defense, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development, shall 
jointly submit to Congress a comprehensive report on 
United States security and humanitarian interests in 
Yemen, including each of the following:
1030 
(1) The strategic objectives of the United 
States in Yemen, including humanitarian support to 
civilian populations under threat of famine, and the 
criteria for determining the success of such objec-
tives. 
(2) A description of efforts to coordinate civil-
ian and military efforts with respect to Yemen. 
(3) A description of the diplomatic strategy 
with respect to regional partners seeking to end the 
civil war in Yemen. 
SEC. 1299A. REPORT ON BANGLADESH. 
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Ad-
ministrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development (USAID) and the Secretary of Defense, shall 
submit to Congress a report— 
(1) assessing Bangladesh’s ability to respond to 
humanitarian crises and natural disasters; and 
(2) recommending areas for enhancing humani-
tarian assistance and disaster relief cooperation be-
tween the United States and Bangladesh relating to 
improving Bangladesh’s ability to respond to human-
itarian crises and natural disasters, including 
through humanitarian consultations, training, and 
exercises.
1031 
SEC. 1299B. UNITED STATES CYBERSECURITY COOPERA-
TION WITH UKRAINE. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
(1) reaffirm the United States-Ukraine Charter 
on Strategic Partnership, which highlights the im-
portance of the bilateral relationship and outlines 
enhanced cooperation in the areas of defense, secu-
rity, economics and trade, energy security, democ-
racy, and cultural exchanges; 
(2) support continued cooperation between 
NATO and Ukraine; 
(3) support Ukraine’s political and economic re-
forms; 
(4) reaffirm the commitment of the United 
States to the Budapest Memorandum on Security 
Assurances; 
(5) assist Ukraine’s efforts to enhance its cy-
bersecurity capabilities; and 
(6) improve Ukraine’s ability to respond to 
Russian-supported disinformation and propaganda 
efforts in cyberspace, including through social media 
and other outlets. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Secretary of State should take the following
1032 
actions, commensurate with United States interests, to as-
sist Ukraine to improve its cybersecurity: 
(1) Provide Ukraine such support as may be 
necessary to secure government computer networks 
from malicious cyber intrusions, particularly such 
networks that defend the critical infrastructure of 
Ukraine. 
(2) Provide Ukraine support in reducing reli-
ance on Russian information and communications 
technology. 
(3) Assist Ukraine to build its capacity, expand 
cybersecurity information sharing, and cooperate on 
international cyberspace efforts. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate a report on United States cybersecurity cooperation 
with Ukraine. Such report shall also include information 
relating to the following: 
(1) 
United 
States 
efforts 
to 
strengthen 
Ukraine’s ability to prevent, mitigate, and respond 
to cyber incidents, including through training, edu-
1033 
cation, technical assistance, capacity building, and 
cybersecurity risk management strategies. 
(2) The potential for new areas of collaboration 
and mutual assistance between the United States 
and Ukraine in addressing shared cyber challenges, 
including cybercrime, critical infrastructure protec-
tion, and resilience against botnets and other auto-
mated, distributed threats. 
(3) NATO’s efforts to help Ukraine develop 
technical capabilities to counter cyber threats. 
SEC. 1299C. BRIEFING ON CHINA’S MILITARY INSTALLA-
TION IN THE REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI. 
(a) BRIEFING REQUIRED.—Not later than 30 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, 
shall brief the appropriate congressional committees on 
the following: 
(1) An assessment of the impact of the People’s 
Republic of China’s first overseas military installa-
tion in the Republic of Djibouti on the ability of the 
United States forces to operate in the region. 
(2) An assessment of China’s ability to obtain 
sensitive information and impact operations con-
ducted from Camp Lemmonier in Djibouti, the larg-
1034 
est United States military installation on the African 
continent. 
(3) An assessment of the ability of the Presi-
dent of Djibouti to terminate by all methods, includ-
ing by simple decree, the Department of Defense’s 
lease agreement governing operation of Camp 
Lemmonier. 
(4) An assessment of the impact of the Chinese 
base in Djibouti on security and safety of United 
States personnel in Djibouti. 
(5) An assessment of the status of China’s com-
pliance with the ‘‘Protocol on Blinding Laser Weap-
ons’’ that forbids employment of laser weapons. 
(6) An assessment of the laser attack in 
Djibouti that injured United States airmen. 
(7) An assessment of Djibouti’s compliance 
with its treaty obligations under the Ottawa Conven-
tion to end the use of landmines. 
(b) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
1035 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
SEC. 1299D. SENSE OF CONGRESS WITH RESPECT TO THE 3 
SEAS INITIATIVE. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the 3 Seas Initiative could serve as a valu-
able counterweight to the efforts of the Russian Gov-
ernment to divide Europe and to the regional expan-
sionism of the Chinese Government, particularly in 
the context of energy and infrastructure; and 
(2) the United States should fully support the 
efforts of the 3 Seas Initiative, including by— 
(A) sending a high level delegation to fu-
ture summits convened by the Initiative; 
(B) encouraging United States business 
leaders to participate in the Initiative; and 
(C) supporting the establishment of a net-
work of Central European chambers of com-
merce. 
SEC. 1299E. REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND CARTEL ACTIVITY 
IN MEXICO. 
The Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report on violence and cartel
1036 
activity in Mexico and the impact of such on United States 
national security. 
SEC. 1299F. REPORT ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIS-
SIONS, 
OPERATIONS, 
AND 
ACTIVITIES 
IN 
NIGER AND THE BROADER REGION. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in consultation as appropriate 
with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the con-
gressional defense committees, the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
a report on the missions, operations, and activities 
of the Department in Niger and the broader region 
that includes the following: 
(A) A description of the objectives and the 
associated lines of efforts of the Department in 
Niger and the broader region, and the bench-
marks for assessing progress toward such objec-
tives. 
(B) A description of the timeline for 
achieving such objectives in Niger and the 
broader region.
1037 
(C) A justification of the relevance of such 
objectives in Niger and the broader region to 
the national security of the United States and 
to the objectives in the National Defense Strat-
egy. 
(D) A description of steps the Department 
is taking to ensure that security cooperation in 
Niger and the broader region is effectively co-
ordinated with the diplomatic and development 
activities of the Department of State and the 
United States Agency for International Devel-
opment. 
(E) A description of the legal, operational, 
and fiscal authorities relating to the lines of ef-
fort of the Department in Niger and the broad-
er region. 
(F) An identification of measures to miti-
gate operational risk to and increase the pre-
paredness of members of the Armed Forces 
conducting missions, operations, or activities in 
Niger or the broader region. 
(G) An assessment of the command and 
support relationships of United States Africa 
Command with subordinate component com-
1038 
mands, including Special Operations Command 
Africa. 
(H) An identification and description of 
each implemented recommendation from the 
Army Regulation 15-6 investigation report con-
ducted by United States Africa Command re-
garding the deaths of four soldiers in Niger on 
October 4, 2017. 
(I) Any other matter the Secretary deter-
mines to be appropriate. 
(2) SCOPE OF REPORT.—For purposes of the 
report required by paragraph (1), the term ‘‘broader 
region’’ includes Algeria, Libya, Chad, Cameroon, 
Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, and Mali. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a)(1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1299G. BRIEFING ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PRO-
GRAM TO PROTECT UNITED STATES STU-
DENTS AGAINST FOREIGN AGENTS. 
Not later than 240 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide 
a briefing to the congressional defense committees on the 
program described in section 1277 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law
1039 
115–91), including an assessment on whether the program 
is beneficial to students interning, working part time, or 
in a program that will result in employment post-gradua-
tion with Department of Defense components and contrac-
tors. 
SEC. 1299H. REPORT ON HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, AND EL 
SALVADOR. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Director of National Intel-
ligence, shall submit to the congressional defense commit-
tees, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives a report regarding narcotics trafficking 
corruption and illicit campaign finance in Honduras, Gua-
temala, and El Salvador. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired under subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) the names of senior government officials in 
Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador who are 
known to have committed or facilitated acts of grand 
corruption or narcotics trafficking; 
(2) the names of elected officials in Honduras, 
Guatemala, and El Salvador who are known to have 
received campaign funds that are the proceeds of
1040 
narco-trafficking or other illicit activities in the last 
2 years; and 
(3) the names of individuals in Honduras, Gua-
temala, and El Salvador who are known to have fa-
cilitated the financing of political campaigns in any 
of the Northern Triangle countries with the proceeds 
of narco-trafficking or other illicit activities in the 
last 2 years. 
(c) FORM.—The report submitted under subsection 
(a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
SEC. 1299I. REPORT ON COUNTRIES AND ENEMY GROUPS 
AGAINST WHICH THE UNITED STATES HAS 
TAKEN MILITARY ACTION. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report that identifies 
the nations, organizations, and persons against which the 
United States has taken military action pursuant to the 
Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107– 
40; 50 U.S.C. 1541 note).
1041 
SEC. 1299J. IMPORTANCE OF EXCHANGES BETWEEN THE 
DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND THE DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) In a world with increasingly complex polit-
ical and security challenges, bridging the gap be-
tween diplomacy and defense is more vital than ever 
to achieve United States strategic objectives abroad. 
(2) Foreign missions are multifaceted, rapidly 
evolving, and interconnected. 
(3) Emerging security issues demand that the 
United States Government be quick, agile, adapt-
able, comprehensive, and inclusive when navigating 
foreign partnerships. 
(4) The interagency process continues to be the 
most efficient and effective means for the United 
States to quickly adjust to changing circumstances 
and leverage resources for securing its strategic ob-
jectives abroad. 
(5) The Government Accountability Office has 
found that ‘‘effective interagency rotational assign-
ments can achieve collaboration-related results’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
1042 
(1) United States Government personnel must 
be able to collaborate across departments and agen-
cies to meet complex national security challenges; 
(2) the United States needs to ensure that its 
foreign and defense policies are mutually supportive 
and find ways to most effectively align its strategies; 
(3) exchange programs between the Department 
of State and Department of Defense are critical for 
strengthening the capacity of such Departments to 
promote regional stability around the world while 
protecting and promoting United States interests; 
(4) Foreign Service officers serving as political 
advisors provide deep understanding of diplomatic 
dynamics and issues and can enable, through such 
exchange programs, the Department of Defense to 
make effective and sustained contributions to pro-
tecting and promoting United States interests; and 
(5) in order to achieve such strategic, oper-
ational, and tactical successes, such Foreign Service 
officers should be embedded forward with Depart-
ment of Defense personnel to the fullest extent prac-
ticable.
1043 
SEC. 1299K. INVESTIGATION TO DETERMINE IF COALITION 
PARTNERS OR UNITED STATES MILITARY OR 
INTELLIGENCE PERSONNEL VIOLATED FED-
ERAL LAW OR DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE 
POLICY WHILE CONDUCTING OPERATIONS IN 
YEMEN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall 
conduct an investigation to determine if coalition partners 
of the United States or members of the Armed Forces or 
intelligence personnel violated Federal law, the laws of 
armed conflict, or Department of Defense policy while con-
ducting operations in Yemen. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The investigation 
required under subsection (a) shall also seek to determine 
the following: 
(1) Whether any Armed Forces or intelligence 
personnel interrogated Yemeni citizens in prisons 
within Yemen or provided questions to foreign per-
sonnel for use in such interrogations, and whether 
such interrogations or actions were consistent with 
United States law and policy. 
(2) Whether any Armed Forces or intelligence 
personnel violated the prohibitions of section 362 of 
title 10, United States Code, while conducting oper-
ations in Yemen.
1044 
(3) Whether any United States coalition part-
ners committed gross violations of internationally 
recognized human rights while conducting operations 
in Yemen that would make such coalition partners 
ineligible for any training, equipment, or other as-
sistance for a unit of a foreign security force under 
section 362 of title 10, United States Code. 
(4) Whether a waiver or exception has been 
granted to United States coalition partners under 
section 362 of title 10, United States Code, while 
conducting operations in Yemen. 
(c) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on 
Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on 
Armed Services of the House of Representatives a 
report that contains the findings of the investigation 
required under this section. 
(2) FORM.—The report required under this sec-
tion shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may 
contain a classified annex 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(1) COALITION PARTNERS.—The term ‘‘coali-
tion partners’’ has the meaning given such term in
1045 
paragraph (3) of section 948a of title 10, United 
States Code. 
(2) GROSS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONALLY 
RECOGNIZED HUMAN RIGHTS.—The term ‘‘gross vio-
lations of internationally recognized human rights’’ 
has the meaning given such term in subsection 
(d)(1) of section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304). 
SEC. 1299L. INCLUSION OF INFLUENCE OPERATIONS IN AN-
NUAL MILITARY REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall 
modify the Department of Defense’s respective annual re-
ports to Congress on the People’s Republic of China, the 
Russian Federation, and Iran to include influence oper-
ations as a matter to be included in such reports. 
(b) 
AMENDMENTS
TO
REPORTS.—(1) 
Section 
1202(b)(14) of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 106–65; 10 U.S.C. 113 
note) is amended by adding at the end before the period 
the following: ‘‘, including a description of efforts to use 
non-military tools, including diplomacy and political coer-
cion, information operations, and economic pressure to 
gain influence in other countries and advance strategic ob-
jectives,’’.
1046 
(2) Section 1245(b)(1) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111– 
84) is amended— 
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) a description of efforts to use non- 
military tools, including diplomacy and political 
coercion, information operations, and economic 
pressure to gain influence in other countries 
and advance strategic objectives.’’. 
(3) Section 1245(b) of the Carl Levin and Howard 
P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 128 Stat. 
3566) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(23) A description of efforts of Russia to use 
non-military tools, including diplomacy and political 
coercion, information operations, and economic pres-
sure to gain influence in other countries and ad-
vance strategic objectives.’’.
1047 
SEC. 1299M. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS TO 
IMPLEMENT THE ARMS TRADE TREATY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—None of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available 
for fiscal year 2019 for the Department of Defense may 
be obligated or expended to fund a Secretariat or any 
other international organization established to support the 
implementation of the Arms Trade Treaty, to sustain do-
mestic prosecutions based on any charge related to the 
Treaty, or to implement the Treaty until the Senate ap-
proves a resolution of ratification for the Treaty and im-
plementing legislation for the Treaty has been enacted into 
law. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to preclude the Department of De-
fense from assisting foreign countries in bringing their 
laws, regulations, and practices related to export control 
up to United States standards. 
SEC. 1299N. SECURITY COOPERATION WITH ERITREA. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense in consultation 
with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report on the potential stra-
tegic benefits and risks of conducting security cooperation 
with the Government of Eritrea, including benefits and 
risks with respect to each of the following:
1048 
(1) Counterterrorism efforts. 
(2) The security situation in the Horn of Afri-
ca, the Red Sea region, and Yemen. 
(3) Other national security priorities of the 
United States. 
Subtitle G—Matters Relating to 
Burma 
SEC. 1299O–1. LIMITATION ON SECURITY ASSISTANCE AND 
SECURITY COOPERATION. 
(a) LIMITATION ON MILITARY AND SECURITY SEC-
TOR COOPERATION.—Except as provided in subsection (b) 
or subsection (e), for the 8-year period beginning on the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the United States may 
not provide security assistance or engage in security co-
operation with the military or security forces of Burma 
until the date on which the Secretary of State certifies 
to the appropriate congressional committees with respect 
to security assistance, as such term is defined in section 
502B(d) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2304(d)), or, in consultation with the Secretary of De-
fense, with respect to security cooperation programs and 
activities of the Department of Defense, as such term is 
defined in section 301 of title 10, United States Code, as 
applicable, that the military and security forces of Burma 
have demonstrated significant progress in abiding by
1049 
international human rights standards and are undertaking 
meaningful and significant security sector reform, includ-
ing reforms that enhance transparency and accountability, 
to prevent future abuses, such as— 
(1) the Burmese military and security forces 
adhere to international humanitarian law, dem-
onstrate significant progress in abiding by inter-
national standards for human rights, and pledge to 
stop future human rights abuses; 
(2) the Burmese military and security forces 
support efforts to carry out meaningful and com-
prehensive investigations of alleged abuses and are 
taking steps to hold accountable those members of 
such military and security forces responsible for 
human rights abuses; 
(3) the Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, allow immediate and 
unfettered humanitarian access to communities in 
areas affected by conflict, including Rohingya com-
munities in the State of Rakhine; 
(4) the Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, cooperates with the 
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 
and organizations affiliated with the United Nations 
to ensure the protection of displaced persons and the
1050 
safe, voluntary, and dignified return of refugees and 
internally displaced persons; 
(5) the Burmese military and security forces 
cease their attacks against ethnic minority groups 
and constructively participate in the conclusion of a 
credible, nationwide ceasefire agreement, political ac-
commodation, and constitutional change, including 
the restoration of the citizenship of the Rohingya; 
(6) the Government of Burma, including the 
military and security forces, defines a transparent 
plan with a timeline for professionalizing the mili-
tary and security forces and includes a process by 
which the military withdraws from private-sector 
business enterprises and ceases involvement in the il-
legal trade in natural resources and narcotics; or 
(7) the Government of Burma establishes effec-
tive civilian control over the finances of its military 
and security forces, including by ensuring that the 
military does not have access to off-budget income 
and that military expenditures are subject to ade-
quate civilian oversight. 
(b) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(1) CERTAIN
EXISTING
AUTHORITIES.—The 
Secretary of Defense shall retain the authority 
granted by section 1253 of the Carl Levin and How-
1051 
ard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (22 U.S.C. 2151 note) 
and is authorized to provide the Government of 
Burma with assistance necessary to make available 
the activities described in subsection (a) of such sec-
tion. 
(2) HOSPITALITY.—The Secretary of State and 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment may provide assistance authorized under part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151 et seq.) to provide hospitality during research, 
dialogues, meetings, or other activities by the parties 
attending the Union Peace Conference 21st Century 
Panglong or related processes seeking inclusive, sus-
tainable reconciliation. 
(c) MILITARY REFORM.—The certification required 
under subsection (a) shall include a written justification 
in unclassified form that may contain a classified annex 
describing the Burmese military’s efforts to implement re-
forms, end impunity for human rights abuses, and in-
crease transparency and accountability. 
(d) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an-
nually thereafter, the Secretary of Defense and the
1052 
Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report, in unclassified 
form with a classified annex, on the strategy and 
plans for military-to-military engagement between 
the United States Armed Forces and the military 
and security forces of Burma. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following elements: 
(A) A description and assessment of the 
Government of Burma’s strategy for security 
sector reform, including plans to withdraw the 
military from owning or controlling private-sec-
tor business entities and end involvement in the 
illicit trade in jade and other natural resources, 
reforms to end corruption and illicit drug traf-
ficking, and constitutional reforms to ensure ci-
vilian control. 
(B) A list of ongoing military activities 
conducted by the United States Government 
with the Government of Burma, and a descrip-
tion of the United States strategy for future 
military-military 
engagements 
between 
the 
United States and Burma’s military and secu-
rity forces, including the military of Burma, the 
Burma Police Force, and armed ethnic groups.
1053 
(C) An assessment of the progress of the 
military and security forces of Burma towards 
developing a framework to implement human 
right reforms, including— 
(i) cooperation with civilian authori-
ties to investigate and prosecute cases of 
serious, credible, or gross human rights 
abuses; 
(ii) steps taken to demonstrate respect 
for and implementation of the laws of war; 
and 
(iii) a description of the elements of 
the military-to-military engagement be-
tween the United States and Burma that 
promote such implementation. 
(D) An assessment of progress on the 
peaceful settlement of armed conflicts between 
the Government of Burma and ethnic minority 
groups, including actions taken by the military 
of Burma to adhere to cease-fire agreements, 
allow for safe and voluntary returns of dis-
placed persons to their homes, and withdraw 
forces from conflict zones. 
(E) An assessment of the Burmese’s mili-
tary recruitment and use of children as soldiers.
1054 
(F) An assessment of the Burmese’s mili-
tary’s use of violence against women, sexual vio-
lence, or other gender-based violence as a tool 
of terror, war, or ethnic cleansing. 
(e) WAIVER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, with 
respect to security assistance, and the Secretary of 
Defense in consultation with the Secretary of State, 
with respect to security cooperation programs and 
activities of the Department of Defense, may waive 
on a case-by-case basis the application of the limita-
tion under subsection (a) if the Secretary submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees, not later 
than 30 days before such waiver enters into effect— 
(A) a list of the activities and participants 
to which such waiver would apply; 
(B) a certification, including a justifica-
tion, that the waiver is in the national interest 
of the United States; and 
(C) a certification that none of the partici-
pants listed pursuant to subparagraph (A) have 
committed any of the acts described in section 
12l2(a)(1)(A) or 12l2(a)(1)(B) or com-
mitted any other gross violation of human
1055 
rights, as such term is defined for purposes of 
section 362 of title 10, United States Code. 
SEC. 1299O–2. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT 
TO CERTAIN FOREIGN PERSONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—For the 8-year period beginning 
on the date that is 270 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions 
described in subsection (b) with respect to each foreign 
person that the President determines— 
(1) is a current or former senior official of the 
military or security forces of Burma who know-
ingly— 
(A) perpetrated or is responsible for order-
ing or otherwise directing serious human rights 
abuses in Burma; or 
(B) has taken significant steps to impede 
investigations or prosecutions of serious human 
rights abuses allegedly committed by one or 
more subordinates of such official, including 
against the Rohingya community in the state of 
Rakhine; 
(2) is an entity owned or controlled by any per-
son described in paragraph (1); 
(3) has knowingly provided or received signifi-
cant financial, material, or technological support to
1056 
or from a foreign person, including the immediate 
family members of such person, described in para-
graph (1) for any of the acts described in subpara-
graph (A) or (B) of such paragraph. 
(b) SANCTIONS.—The sanctions described in this sec-
tion are the following: 
(1) ASSET BLOCKING.—Notwithstanding the re-
quirements of section 202 of the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701), 
the exercise of all powers granted to the President 
by such Act to the extent necessary to block and 
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests 
in property of a person the President determines 
meets one or more of the criteria described in sub-
section (a) if such property and interests in property 
are in the United States, come within the United 
States, or are or come within the possession or con-
trol of a United States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason
1057 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and
1058 
(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(4) EXCEPTION WITH RESPECT TO THE IMPOR-
TATION
OF
GOODS.—The authorities and require-
ments to impose sanctions under this section shall 
not include any authority or requirement to impose 
sanctions with respect to the importation of goods, 
as such term is defined in section 16 of the Export 
Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. 4618) (as 
continued in effect pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 
et seq.)).
1095 
(3) EXCEPTION.—The plan developed under 
paragraph (1) shall cover defense space acquisitions 
except with respect to the National Reconnaissance 
Office and other elements of the Department of De-
fense that are elements of the intelligence commu-
nity (as defined in section 3 of the National Security 
Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)). 
(4) SUBMISSION.—Not later than December 31, 
2019, the Deputy Secretary shall submit to the con-
gressional defense committees a report containing 
the plan developed under paragraph (1). 
(b) CADRE DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) PLAN.— 
(A) DEVELOPMENT.—The Secretary of the 
Air Force shall develop and implement a plan 
to increase the number and improve the quality 
of the space cadre of the Air Force. 
(B) MATTERS INCLUDED.—The plan devel-
oped under subparagraph (A) shall address the 
following: 
(i) Managing the career progression of 
members of the Armed Forces and civilian 
employees of the Department who form the 
space cadre of the Air Force throughout 
the military or civilian career of the mem-
1374 
(A) the increased understanding of manu-
facturing challenges and potential solutions; 
and 
(B) the enhanced quality and effectiveness 
of the instruction that result from that in-
creased understanding. 
(e) PROPOSALS.—If the Secretary establishes the 
program, the Secretary shall solicit proposals for grants 
and other awards to be made pursuant to this section for 
the support of programs of manufacturing trades edu-
cation that are consistent with the purposes of this sec-
tion. 
(f) MERIT COMPETITION.—Applications for awards 
shall be evaluated on the basis of merit pursuant to com-
petitive procedures prescribed by the Secretary. 
(g) SELECTION CRITERIA.—The Secretary may select 
a proposal for an award pursuant to this section if the 
proposal, at a minimum, does each of the following: 
(1) Provides students access to registered ap-
prenticeship or pre-apprenticeship programs for im-
proving trades education in manufacturing tech-
nology. 
(2) Contains innovative approaches for improv-
ing trades education in manufacturing technology.