3632 
(iv) to improve allies’ and partners’ 
collaboration with the United States on cy-
bersecurity issues, including information 
sharing, regulatory coordination and im-
provement, and joint investigatory and law 
enforcement 
operations 
related 
to 
cybercrime; and 
(v) to share best practices and advance 
proposals to strengthen civilian and private 
sector resiliency to threats and access to op-
portunities in cyberspace; and 
(B) reviewing the status of existing efforts 
in relevant multilateral fora, as appropriate, to 
obtain commitments on international norms re-
garding cyberspace; 
(3) a review of alternative concepts for inter-
national norms regarding cyberspace offered by for-
eign countries; 
(4) a detailed description, in consultation with 
the Office of the National Cyber Director and relevant 
Federal agencies, of new and evolving threats regard-
ing cyberspace from foreign adversaries, state-spon-
sored actors, and non-state actors to— 
(A) United States national security; 
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(B) the Federal and private sector cyber-
space infrastructure of the United States; 
(C) intellectual property in the United 
States; and 
(D) the privacy and security of citizens of 
the United States; 
(5) a review of the policy tools available to the 
President to deter and de-escalate tensions with for-
eign countries, state-sponsored actors, and private ac-
tors regarding— 
(A) threats in cyberspace; 
(B) the degree to which such tools have been 
used; and 
(C) whether such tools have been effective 
deterrents; 
(6) a review of resources required to conduct ac-
tivities to build responsible norms of international 
cyber behavior; 
(7) a review, in coordination with the Office of 
the National Cyber Director and the Office of Man-
agement and Budget, to determine whether the budg-
etary resources, technical expertise, legal authorities, 
and personnel available to the Department are ade-
quate to achieve the actions and activities undertaken 
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by the Department to support the policy described in 
section 9501(a); 
(8) a review to determine whether the Depart-
ment is properly organized and coordinated with 
other Federal agencies to achieve the objectives de-
scribed in section 9501(b); and 
(9) a plan of action, developed in coordination 
with the Department of Defense and in consultation 
with other relevant Federal departments and agencies 
as the President may direct, with respect to the inclu-
sion of cyber issues in mutual defense agreements. 
(c) FORM OF STRATEGY.— 
(1) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The strategy re-
quired under subsection (a) shall be available to the 
public in unclassified form, including through publi-
cation in the Federal Register. 
(2) CLASSIFIED ANNEX.—The strategy required 
under subsection (a) may include a classified annex. 
(d) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days after the com-
pletion of the strategy required under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall brief the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate, the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate, the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
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House of Representatives, and the Committee on Armed 
Services of the House of Representatives regarding the strat-
egy, including any material contained in a classified 
annex. 
(e) UPDATES.—The strategy required under subsection 
(a) shall be updated— 
(1) not later than 90 days after any material 
change to United States policy described in such 
strategy; and 
(2) not later than 1 year after the inauguration 
of each new President. 
SEC. 9504. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT 
ON CYBER DIPLOMACY. 
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall submit a report and provide a briefing to the 
appropriate congressional committees that includes— 
(1) an assessment of the extent to which United 
States diplomatic processes and other efforts with for-
eign countries, including through multilateral fora, 
bilateral engagements, and negotiated cyberspace 
agreements, advance the full range of United States 
interests regarding cyberspace, including the policy 
described in section 9501(a); 
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(2) an assessment of the Department’s organiza-
tional structure and approach to managing its diplo-
matic efforts to advance the full range of United 
States interests regarding cyberspace, including a re-
view of— 
(A) the establishment of a Bureau within 
the Department to lead the Department’s inter-
national cyber mission; 
(B) the current or proposed diplomatic mis-
sion, structure, staffing, funding, and activities 
of such Bureau; 
(C) how the establishment of such Bureau 
has impacted or is likely to impact the structure 
and organization of the Department; and 
(D) what challenges, if any, the Department 
has faced or will face in establishing such Bu-
reau; and 
(3) any other matters that the Comptroller Gen-
eral determines to be relevant. 
SEC. 9505. REPORT ON DIPLOMATIC PROGRAMS TO DETECT 
AND RESPOND TO CYBER THREATS AGAINST 
ALLIES AND PARTNERS. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary, in coordination with the heads 
of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit a report to 
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the appropriate congressional committees that assesses the 
capabilities of the Department to provide civilian-led sup-
port for acute cyber incident response in ally and partner 
countries that includes— 
(1) a description and assessment of the Depart-
ment’s coordination with cyber programs and oper-
ations of the Department of Defense and the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security; 
(2) recommendations on how to improve coordi-
nation and executive of Department involvement in 
programs or operations to support allies and partners 
in responding to acute cyber incidents; and 
(3) the budgetary resources, technical expertise, 
legal authorities, and personnel needed for the De-
partment to formulate and implement the programs 
described in this section. 
SEC. 9506. CYBERSECURITY RECRUITMENT AND RETEN-
TION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that improving computer programming language pro-
ficiency will improve— 
(1) the cybersecurity effectiveness of the Depart-
ment; and 
(2) the ability of foreign service officers to engage 
with foreign audiences on cybersecurity matters. 
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(b) TECHNOLOGY TALENT ACQUISITION.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish positions within the Bureau of Global Talent 
Management that are solely dedicated to the recruit-
ment and retention of Department personnel with 
backgrounds in cybersecurity, engineering, data 
science, application development, artificial intel-
ligence, critical and emerging technology, and tech-
nology and digital policy. 
(2) GOALS.—The goals of the positions described 
in paragraph (1) shall be— 
(A) to fulfill the critical need of the Depart-
ment to recruit and retain employees for cyberse-
curity, digital, and technology positions; 
(B) to actively recruit relevant candidates 
from academic institutions, the private sector, 
and related industries; 
(C) to work with the Office of Personnel 
Management and the United States Digital Serv-
ice to develop and implement best strategies for 
recruiting and retaining technology talent; and 
(D) to inform and train supervisors at the 
Department on the use of the authorities listed in 
subsection (c)(1). 
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(3) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit a plan to the appropriate con-
gressional committees that describes how the objectives 
and goals set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) will be 
implemented. 
(4) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated $750,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry 
out this subsection. 
(c) ANNUAL REPORT ON HIRING AUTHORITIES.—Not 
later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the 
Secretary shall submit a report to the appropriate congres-
sional committees that includes— 
(1) a list of the hiring authorities available to 
the Department to recruit and retain personnel with 
backgrounds in cybersecurity, engineering, data 
science, application development, artificial intel-
ligence, critical and emerging technology, and tech-
nology and digital policy; 
(2) a list of which hiring authorities described in 
paragraph (1) have been used during the previous 5 
years; 
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(3) the number of employees in qualified posi-
tions hired, aggregated by position and grade level or 
pay band; 
(4) the number of employees who have been 
placed in qualified positions, aggregated by bureau 
and offices within the Department; 
(5) the rate of attrition of individuals who begin 
the hiring process and do not complete the process 
and a description of the reasons for such attrition; 
(6) the number of individuals who are inter-
viewed by subject matter experts and the number of 
individuals who are not interviewed by subject matter 
experts; and 
(7) recommendations for— 
(A) reducing the attrition rate referred to in 
paragraph (5) by 5 percent each year; 
(B) additional hiring authorities needed to 
acquire needed technology talent; 
(C) hiring personnel to hold public trust po-
sitions until such personnel can obtain the nec-
essary security clearance; and 
(D) informing and training supervisors 
within the Department on the use of the authori-
ties listed in paragraph (1). 
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(d) INCENTIVE PAY
FOR CYBERSECURITY PROFES-
SIONALS.—To increase the number of qualified candidates 
available to fulfill the cybersecurity needs of the Depart-
ment, the Secretary shall— 
(1) include computer programming languages 
within the Recruitment Language Program; and 
(2) provide appropriate language incentive pay. 
(e) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the 
following 5 years, the Secretary shall provide a list to the 
appropriate congressional committees that identifies— 
(1) the computer programming languages in-
cluded within the Recruitment Language Program 
and the language incentive pay rate; and 
(2) the number of individuals benefitting from 
the inclusion of such computer programming lan-
guages in the Recruitment Language Program and 
language incentive pay. 
SEC. 9507. SHORT COURSE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 
FOR SENIOR OFFICIALS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and 
begin providing, for senior officials of the Department, a 
course addressing how the most recent and relevant tech-
nologies affect the activities of the Department. 
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(b) THROUGHPUT OBJECTIVES.—The Secretary should 
ensure that— 
(1) during the first year that the course devel-
oped pursuant to subsection (a) is offered, not fewer 
than 20 percent of senior officials are certified as hav-
ing passed such course; and 
(2) in each subsequent year, until the date on 
which 80 percent of senior officials are certified as 
having passed such course, an additional 10 percent 
of senior officials are certified as having passed such 
course. 
SEC. 9508. ESTABLISHMENT AND EXPANSION OF REGIONAL 
TECHNOLOGY OFFICER PROGRAM. 
(a) REGIONAL TECHNOLOGY OFFICER PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program, which shall be known as the ‘‘Re-
gional Technology Officer Program’’ (referred to in 
this section as the ‘‘Program’’). 
(2) GOALS.—The goals of the Program shall in-
clude the following: 
(A) Promoting United States leadership in 
technology abroad. 
(B) Working with partners to increase the 
deployment of critical and emerging technology 
in support of democratic values. 
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(C) Shaping diplomatic agreements in re-
gional and international fora with respect to 
critical and emerging technologies. 
(D) Building diplomatic capacity for han-
dling critical and emerging technology issues. 
(E) Facilitating the role of critical and 
emerging technology in advancing the foreign 
policy objectives of the United States through en-
gagement with research labs, incubators, and 
venture capitalists. 
(F) Maintaining the advantages of the 
United States with respect to critical and emerg-
ing technologies. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit an implementation plan to the appropriate 
congressional committees that outlines strategies for— 
(1) advancing the goals described in subsection 
(a)(2); 
(2) hiring Regional Technology Officers and in-
creasing the competitiveness of the Program within 
the Foreign Service bidding process; 
(3) expanding the Program to include a min-
imum of 15 Regional Technology Officers; and 
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(4) assigning not fewer than 2 Regional Tech-
nology Officers to posts within— 
(A) each regional bureau of the Department; 
and 
(B) the Bureau of International Organiza-
tion Affairs. 
(c) ANNUAL BRIEFING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary 
shall brief the appropriate congressional committees regard-
ing the status of the implementation plan required under 
subsection (b). 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated up to $25,000,000 for each 
of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this sec-
tion. 
SEC. 9509. VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE POLICY AND BUG 
BOUNTY PROGRAM REPORT. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) BUG
BOUNTY
PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘bug 
bounty program’’ means a program under which an 
approved individual, organization, or company is 
temporarily authorized to identify and report 
vulnerabilities of internet-facing information tech-
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nology of the Department in exchange for compensa-
tion. 
(2) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘‘in-
formation technology’’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 11101 of title 40, United States Code. 
(b) VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE POLICY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall design, establish, and make publicly known a 
Vulnerability Disclosure Policy (referred to in this 
section as the ‘‘VDP’’) to improve Department cyber-
security by— 
(A) creating Department policy and infra-
structure to receive reports of and remediate dis-
covered vulnerabilities in line with existing poli-
cies of the Office of Management and Budget and 
the Department of Homeland Security Binding 
Operational Directive 20–01 or any subsequent 
directive; and 
(B) providing a report on such policy and 
infrastructure to Congress. 
(2) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Not later than 180 days 
after the establishment of the VDP pursuant to para-
graph (1), and annually thereafter for the following 
5 years, the Secretary shall submit a report on the 
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VDP to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives, and the Permanent Select Committee 
on Intelligence of the House of Representatives that 
includes information relating to— 
(A) the number and severity of all security 
vulnerabilities reported; 
(B) the number of previously unidentified 
security vulnerabilities remediated as a result; 
(C) the current number of outstanding pre-
viously unidentified security vulnerabilities and 
Department of State remediation plans; 
(D) the average time between the reporting 
of security vulnerabilities and remediation of 
such vulnerabilities; 
(E) the resources, surge staffing, roles, and 
responsibilities within the Department used to 
implement the VDP and complete security vul-
nerability remediation; 
(F) how the VDP identified vulnerabilities 
are incorporated into existing Department vul-
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nerability prioritization and management proc-
esses; 
(G) any challenges in implementing the 
VDP and plans for expansion or contraction in 
the scope of the VDP across Department infor-
mation systems; and 
(H) any other topic that the Secretary de-
termines to be relevant. 
(c) BUG BOUNTY PROGRAM REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit a report to Congress that describes any 
ongoing efforts by the Department or a third-party 
vendor under contract with the Department to estab-
lish or carry out a bug bounty program that identi-
fies security vulnerabilities of internet-facing infor-
mation technology of the Department. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date on which any bug bounty program is established, 
the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Homeland Security of the House of Representatives 
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regarding such program, including information relat-
ing to— 
(A) the number of approved individuals, or-
ganizations, or companies involved in such pro-
gram, disaggregated by the number of approved 
individuals, organizations, or companies that— 
(i) registered; 
(ii) were approved; 
(iii) submitted security vulnerabilities; 
and 
(iv) received compensation; 
(B) the number and severity of all security 
vulnerabilities reported as part of such program; 
(C) the number of previously unidentified 
security vulnerabilities remediated as a result of 
such program; 
(D) the current number of outstanding pre-
viously unidentified security vulnerabilities and 
Department remediation plans for such out-
standing vulnerabilities; 
(E) the average length of time between the 
reporting of security vulnerabilities and remedi-
ation of such vulnerabilities; 
(F) the types of compensation provided 
under such program; 
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(G) the lessons learned from such program; 
(H) the public accessibility of contact infor-
mation for the Department regarding the bug 
bounty program; 
(I) the incorporation of bug bounty pro-
gram identified vulnerabilities into existing De-
partment vulnerability prioritization and man-
agement processes; and 
(J) any challenges in implementing the bug 
bounty program and plans for expansion or con-
traction in the scope of the bug bounty program 
across Department information systems. 
TITLE XCVI—PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 
SEC. 9601. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN INTER-
NATIONAL FAIRS AND EXPOSITIONS. 
(a) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate committees of Congress’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen-
ate; 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
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(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Consistent 
with section 204 of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg 
Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 
2000 and 2001 (22 U.S.C. 2452b), subject to subsections (c) 
and (d), there is authorized to be appropriated to the De-
partment up to $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2023 
and 2024 for United States participation in international 
fairs and expositions abroad, including for the construction 
and operation of a United States pavilion at Expo 2025 
Osaka. 
(c) COST-SHARE
REQUIREMENT.—Amounts made 
available pursuant to subsection (b) to the Department for 
a United States pavilion or other major exhibit at an inter-
national fair or exposition abroad shall be made available 
on a cost-matching basis, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, from sources other than the United States Govern-
ment. 
(d) NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—No funds made available pur-
suant to subsection (b) to the Department for a 
United States pavilion or other major exhibit at an 
international fair or exposition abroad may be obli-
gated until at least 15 days after the appropriate 
committees of Congress have been notified of such in-
tended obligation. 
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(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Each notifica-
tion under paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) a description of the source of such 
funds, including any funds reprogrammed or 
transferred by the Department to be made avail-
able for such pavilion or other major exhibit 
abroad; 
(B) an estimate of the amount of investment 
such pavilion or other major exhibit abroad 
could bring to the United States; and 
(C) a description of the strategy of the De-
partment to identify and obtain such matching 
funds from sources other than the United States 
Government, in accordance with subsection (c). 
(e) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date on which a United States pavilion or other major ex-
hibit abroad is opened at an international fair or expo-
sition in accordance with this section, the Secretary shall 
submit a report to the appropriate committees of Congress 
that includes— 
(1) the number of United States businesses that 
participated in such pavilion or other major exhibit; 
and 
(2) the dollar amount and source of any match-
ing funds obtained by the Department. 
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SEC. 9602. UNDER SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 
AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 
(a) FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES COORDINA-
TION.—Section 1(b)(3) of the State Department Basic Au-
thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) coordinate the allocation and manage-
ment of the financial and human resources for 
public diplomacy, including for— 
‘‘(i) the Bureau of Educational and 
Cultural Affairs; 
‘‘(ii) the Bureau of Global Public Af-
fairs; 
‘‘(iii) the Office of Policy, Planning, 
and Resources for Public Diplomacy and 
Public Affairs; 
‘‘(iv) the Global Engagement Center; 
and 
‘‘(v) the public diplomacy functions 
within the regional and functional bu-
reaus.’’. 
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(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF 
FILLING THE POSITION OF UNDER SECRETARY FOR PUB-
LIC DIPLOMACY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that since a vacancy in the position of Under Sec-
retary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs 
is detrimental to the national security interests of the 
United States, the President should expeditiously nominate 
a qualified individual to such position whenever such va-
cancy occurs to ensure that the bureaus reporting to such 
position are able to fulfill their mission of— 
(1) expanding and strengthening relationships 
between the people of the United States and citizens 
of other countries; and 
(2) engaging, informing, and understanding the 
perspectives of foreign audiences. 
SEC. 9603. REPORT ON PUBLIC DIPLOMACY. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes— 
(1) an evaluation of the May 2019 merger of the 
Bureau of Public Affairs and the Bureau of Inter-
national Information Programs to form the Bureau of 
Global Public Affairs with respect to— 
(A) the efficacy of the current configuration 
of the bureaus reporting to the Under Secretary 
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of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs 
in achieving the mission of the Department; 
(B) the metrics before and after such merg-
er, including personnel data, disaggregated by 
position and location, content production, opin-
ion polling, program evaluations, and media ap-
pearances; 
(C) the results of a survey of public diplo-
macy practitioners to determine their opinion of 
the efficacy of such merger and any adjustments 
that still need to be made; and 
(D) a plan for evaluating and monitoring, 
not less frequently than once every 2 years, the 
programs, activities, messaging, professional de-
velopment efforts, and structure of the Bureau of 
Global Public Affairs, and submitting a sum-
mary of each such evaluation to the appropriate 
congressional committees; and 
(2) a review of recent outside recommendations 
for modernizing diplomacy at the Department with 
respect to public diplomacy efforts, including— 
(A) efforts in each of the bureaus reporting 
to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplo-
macy and Public Affairs to address issues of di-
versity and inclusion in their work, structure, 
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data collection, programming, and personnel, in-
cluding any collaboration with the Chief Diver-
sity and Inclusion Officer; 
(B) proposals to collaborate with think 
tanks and academic institutions working on 
public diplomacy issues to implement recent out-
side recommendations; and 
(C) additional authorizations and appro-
priations necessary to implement such rec-
ommendations. 
SEC. 9604. PROMOTING PEACE, EDUCATION, AND CULTURAL 
EXCHANGE THROUGH MUSIC DIPLOMACY. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) music is an important conveyer of culture 
and can be used to communicate values and build un-
derstanding between communities; 
(2) musical artists play a valuable role in cross- 
cultural exchange, and their works and performances 
can promote peacebuilding and conflict resolution ef-
forts; 
(3) the music industry in the United States has 
made important contributions to American society 
and culture, and musicians and industry profes-
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sionals in the United States can offer valuable exper-
tise to young musical artists around the world; and 
(4) the United States Government should pro-
mote exchange programs, especially programs that le-
verage the expertise and resources of the private sec-
tor, that give young musical artists from around the 
world the chance— 
(A) to improve their skills; 
(B) share ideas; 
(C) learn about American culture; and 
(D) develop the necessary skills to support 
conflict resolution and peacebuilding efforts in 
their communities and broader societies. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF MUSIC-RELATED EXCHANGE 
PROGRAMS.—The Mutual Educational and Cultural Ex-
change Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.; commonly 
known as the Fulbright-Hays Act) is amended— 
(1) 
in 
section 
102(a)(2) 
(22 
U.S.C. 
2452(a)(2))— 
(A) in clause (iii), by inserting ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; and 
(B) in clause (iv)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘, including in coordi-
nation and consultation with the private 
sector,’’ before ‘‘similar’’; and 
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(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(2) in section 112(a) (22 U.S.C. 2460(a))— 
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(10) exchange programs, including in coordina-
tion and consultation with the private sector, focused 
on music and the performing arts that provide oppor-
tunities for foreign nationals and Americans to build 
cross-cultural understanding and advance peace 
abroad.’’. 
(c) PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary should con-
tinue— 
(A) to partner with the private sector in 
support of music-related exchange programs im-
plemented by the Bureau of Educational and 
Cultural Affairs (referred to in this section as the 
‘‘ECA’’); 
(B) to leverage private sector expertise in 
developing and implementing such programs; 
and 
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(C) to expand networking and mentorship 
opportunities for program participants. 
(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
CERTAIN
PARTNER-
SHIPS.—The Secretary is authorized to partner with 
the private sector to recognize musicians— 
(A) whose works or performances have ad-
vanced peace abroad; and 
(B) who could contribute to networking and 
mentorship opportunities for participants of 
music-related exchange programs implemented 
by ECA. 
(d) STRATEGY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congres-
sional committees, the Committee on Appropriations 
of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations 
of the House of Representatives for advancing United 
States foreign policy goals, including conflict resolu-
tion and peacebuilding efforts, through music-related 
exchange programs implemented by ECA. Such strat-
egy shall include— 
(A) a description of clearly defined annual 
goals, targets, and planned outcomes for each 
music-related exchange program; 
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(B) a plan to monitor and evaluate each 
music-related exchange program and progress 
made toward achieving such goals, targets, and 
planned outcomes, including measurable bench-
marks; 
(C) a plan to ensure that music-related ex-
change programs are promoting United States 
foreign policy objectives, including ensuring such 
programs are clearly branded and paired with 
robust public diplomacy efforts; 
(D) a plan to pursue partnerships with the 
private sector while implementing music-related 
exchange programs, including leveraging indus-
try expertise and expanding networking and 
mentorship opportunities for program partici-
pants; 
(E) examples of how ECA’s music-related 
exchange programs have contributed to conflict 
resolution and peacebuilding efforts to date, in-
cluding through participant and alumni actions; 
(F) a description of lessons learned regard-
ing how to better encourage conflict resolution 
and peacebuilding efforts through ECA’s music- 
related exchange programs; and 
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(G) a plan to incorporate such lessons 
learned into relevant current and future pro-
gramming. 
(2) CONSULTATION.—In developing the strategy 
required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
consult with the appropriate congressional committees 
and relevant private sector partners. 
TITLE XCVII—OTHER MATTERS 
SEC. 9701. SUPPORTING THE EMPLOYMENT OF UNITED 
STATES CITIZENS BY INTERNATIONAL ORGA-
NIZATIONS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) the Department should continue to eliminate 
the unreasonable barriers United States nationals face 
to obtain employment in the United Nations Secre-
tariat, funds, programs, and agencies; and 
(2) the Department should bolster efforts to in-
crease the number of qualified United States nation-
als who are candidates for leadership and oversight 
positions in the United Nations system, agencies, and 
commissions, and in other international organiza-
tions. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized to pro-
mote the employment and advancement of United States 
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citizens by international organizations and bodies, includ-
ing by— 
(1) providing stipends, consultation, and analyt-
ical services to support United States citizen appli-
cants; and 
(2) making grants for the purposes described in 
paragraph (1). 
(c) USING DIPLOMATIC PROGRAMS FUNDING TO PRO-
MOTE THE EMPLOYMENT OF UNITED STATES CITIZENS BY 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.—Amounts appropriated 
under the heading ‘‘DIPLOMATIC PROGRAMS’’ in Acts mak-
ing appropriations for the Department of State, Foreign 
Operations, and Related Programs are authorized to be ap-
propriated for grants, programs, and activities described in 
subsection (b). 
(d) STRATEGY TO ESTABLISH JUNIOR PROFESSIONAL 
PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, 
in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury 
and other relevant cabinet members, shall publish a 
strategy for encouraging United States citizens to 
pursue careers with international organizations, par-
ticularly organizations that— 
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(A) set international scientific, technical, or 
commercial standards; or 
(B) are involved in international finance 
and development. 
(2) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 90 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of the 
Treasury and other relevant cabinet members, shall 
submit a report to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that identifies— 
(A) the number of United States citizens 
who are involved in relevant junior professional 
programs in an international organization; 
(B) the distribution of individuals described 
in subparagraph (A) among various inter-
national organizations; and 
(C) the types of pre-deployment training 
that are available to United States citizens 
through a junior professional program at an 
international organization. 
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SEC. 9702. INCREASING HOUSING AVAILABILITY FOR CER-
TAIN EMPLOYEES ASSIGNED TO THE UNITED 
STATES MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS. 
Section 9(2) of the United Nations Participation Act 
of 1945 (22 U.S.C. 287e–1(2)), is amended by striking ‘‘30’’ 
and inserting ‘‘41’’. 
SEC. 9703. LIMITATION ON UNITED STATES CONTRIBU-
TIONS TO PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS NOT 
AUTHORIZED BY THE UNITED NATIONS SECU-
RITY COUNCIL. 
The United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 
U.S.C. 287 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘SEC. 12. LIMITATION ON UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTIONS 
TO PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS NOT AU-
THORIZED BY THE UNITED NATIONS SECU-
RITY COUNCIL. 
‘‘None of the funds authorized to be appropriated or 
otherwise made available to pay assessed and other expenses 
of international peacekeeping activities under this Act may 
be made available for an international peacekeeping oper-
ation that has not been expressly authorized by the United 
Nations Security Council.’’. 
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SEC. 9704. BOARDS OF RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIB-
ERTY, RADIO FREE ASIA, THE MIDDLE EAST 
BROADCASTING NETWORKS, AND THE OPEN 
TECHNOLOGY FUND. 
The United States International Broadcasting Act of 
1994 (22 U.S.C. 6201 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 306 (22 U.S.C. 6205) the following: 
‘‘SEC. 307. GRANTEE CORPORATE BOARDS OF DIRECTORS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The corporate board of directors 
of each grantee under this title— 
‘‘(1) shall be bipartisan; 
‘‘(2) shall, except as otherwise provided in this 
Act, have the sole responsibility to operate their re-
spective grantees within the jurisdiction of their re-
spective States of incorporation; 
‘‘(3) shall be composed of not fewer than 5 mem-
bers, who shall be qualified individuals who are not 
employed in the public sector; and 
‘‘(4) shall appoint successors in the event of va-
cancies on their respective boards, in accordance with 
applicable bylaws. 
‘‘(b) NOT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.—No employee of any 
grantee under this title may be a Federal employee.’’. 
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SEC. 9705. BROADCASTING ENTITIES NO LONGER RE-
QUIRED TO CONSOLIDATE INTO A SINGLE 
PRIVATE, NONPROFIT CORPORATION. 
Section 310 of the United States International Broad-
casting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6209) is amended. to read 
as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 310. INCORPORATION AND NON-FEDERAL STATUS OF 
BROADCASTING ENTITIES. 
‘‘(a) DEFINED TERM.—In this chapter— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘grant’ includes agreements under 
section 6305 of title 31, United States Code; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘grantee’ includes recipients of an 
agreement described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(b) INCORPORATION.—The Chief Executive Officer is 
authorized to incorporate grantees in accordance with the 
regular notification procedures of— 
‘‘(1) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; 
‘‘(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
‘‘(3) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives; and 
‘‘(4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives. 
‘‘(c) FEDERAL STATUS.—Nothing in this chapter or 
in any other Act, and no action taken pursuant to this 
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chapter or any other Act, may be construed to make a 
grantee incorporated pursuant to subsection (b), or any 
other grantee or entity provided funding by the Agency, a 
Federal agency or instrumentality. 
‘‘(d) LEADERSHIP OF GRANTEE ORGANIZATIONS.— 
The chief executive officer or the equivalent official of RFE/ 
RL Inc., Radio Free Asia, the Open Technology Fund, and 
the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, and any other or-
ganization that is established or authorized under this 
chapter, shall serve at the pleasure of, and may be named 
by, the Chief Executive Officer of the Agency, with the con-
currence of the Grantee Board and subject to the approval 
of the Advisory Board pursuant to section 306.’’. 
SEC. 9706. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING ACTIVITIES. 
Section 305(a) of the United States International 
Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6204(a)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘direct and’’; 
(2) by striking paragraph (20); 
(3) by redesignating paragraphs (21), (22), and 
(23) as paragraphs (20), (21), and (22), respectively; 
and 
(4) in paragraph (22), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘and to condition grants’’ and all that follows 
and inserting a period. 
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SEC. 9707. GLOBAL INTERNET FREEDOM. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to promote internet freedom through pro-
grams of the Department and USAID that preserve and 
expand the internet as an open, global space for freedom 
of expression and association, which shall be prioritized for 
countries— 
(1) whose governments restrict freedom of expres-
sion on the internet; and 
(2) that are important to the national interest of 
the United States. 
(b) PURPOSE AND COORDINATION WITH OTHER PRO-
GRAMS.—Global internet freedom programming under this 
section— 
(1) shall be coordinated with other United States 
foreign assistance programs that promote democracy 
and support the efforts of civil society— 
(A) to counter the development of repressive 
internet-related laws and regulations, including 
countering threats to internet freedom at inter-
national organizations; 
(B) to combat violence against bloggers and 
other civil society activists who utilize the inter-
net; and 
(C) to enhance digital security training and 
capacity building for democracy activists; 
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(2) shall seek to assist efforts— 
(A) to research key threats to internet free-
dom; 
(B) to continue the development of tech-
nologies that provide or enhance access to the 
internet, including circumvention tools that by-
pass internet blocking, filtering, and other cen-
sorship techniques used by authoritarian govern-
ments; and 
(C) to maintain the technological advantage 
of the Federal Government over the censorship 
techniques described in subparagraph (B); and 
(3) shall be incorporated into country assistance 
and democracy promotion strategies, as appropriate. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2023— 
(1) $75,000,000 to the Department and USAID, 
to continue efforts to promote internet freedom glob-
ally, and shall be matched, to the maximum extent 
practicable, by sources other than the Federal Govern-
ment, including the private sector; and 
(2) $49,000,000 to the United States Agency for 
Global Media (referred to in this section as the 
‘‘USAGM’’) and its grantees, for internet freedom and 
circumvention technologies that are designed— 
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(A) for open-source tools and techniques to 
securely develop and distribute digital content 
produced by the USAGM and its grantees; 
(B) to facilitate audience access to such dig-
ital content on websites that are censored; 
(C) to coordinate the distribution of such 
digital content to targeted regional audiences; 
and 
(D) to promote and distribute such tools 
and techniques, including digital security tech-
niques. 
(d) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR GLOBAL MEDIA AC-
TIVITIES.— 
(1) ANNUAL CERTIFICATION.—For any new tools 
or techniques authorized under subsection (c)(2), the 
Chief Executive Officer of the USAGM, in consulta-
tion with the President of the Open Technology Fund 
(referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘OTF’’) and rel-
evant Federal departments and agencies, shall submit 
an annual certification to the appropriate congres-
sional committees that verifies they— 
(A) have evaluated the risks and benefits of 
such new tools or techniques; and 
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(B) have established safeguards to minimize 
the use of such new tools or techniques for illicit 
purposes. 
(2) INFORMATION SHARING.—The Secretary may 
not direct programs or policy of the USAGM or the 
OTF, but may share any research and development 
with relevant Federal departments and agencies for 
the exclusive purposes of— 
(A) sharing information, technologies, and 
best practices; and 
(B) assessing the effectiveness of such tech-
nologies. 
(3) UNITED
STATES
AGENCY
FOR
GLOBAL 
MEDIA.—The Chief Executive Officer of the USAGM, 
in consultation with the President of the OTF, 
shall— 
(A) coordinate international broadcasting 
programs and incorporate such programs into 
country broadcasting strategies, as appropriate; 
(B) solicit project proposals through an 
open, transparent, and competitive application 
process, including by seeking input from tech-
nical and subject matter experts; and 
(C) support internet circumvention tools 
and techniques for audiences in countries that 
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are strategic priorities for the OTF, in accord-
ance with USAGM’s annual language service 
prioritization review. 
(e) USAGM REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Chief Executive 
Office of the USAGM shall submit a report to the appro-
priate congressional committees that describes— 
(1) as of the date of the report— 
(A) the full scope of internet freedom pro-
grams within the USAGM, including— 
(i) the efforts of the Office of Internet 
Freedom; and 
(ii) the efforts of the Open Technology 
Fund; 
(B) the capacity of internet censorship cir-
cumvention tools supported by the Office of 
Internet Freedom and grantees of the Open Tech-
nology Fund that are available for use by indi-
viduals in foreign countries seeking to counteract 
censors; and 
(C) any barriers to the provision of the ef-
forts described in clauses (i) and (ii) of subpara-
graph (A), including access to surge funding; 
and 
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(2) successful examples from the Office of Inter-
net Freedom and Open Technology Fund involving— 
(A) responding rapidly to internet shut-
downs in closed societies; and 
(B) ensuring uninterrupted circumvention 
services for USAGM entities to promote internet 
freedom within repressive regimes. 
(f) JOINT REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Ad-
ministrator of USAID shall jointly submit a report, which 
may include a classified annex, to the appropriate congres-
sional committees that describes— 
(1) as of the date of the report— 
(A) the full scope of internet freedom pro-
grams within the Department and USAID, in-
cluding— 
(i) Department circumvention efforts; 
and 
(ii) USAID efforts to support internet 
infrastructure; 
(B) the capacity of internet censorship cir-
cumvention tools supported by the Federal Gov-
ernment that are available for use by individuals 
in foreign countries seeking to counteract censors; 
and 
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(C) any barriers to provision of the efforts 
enumerated in clauses (i) and (ii) of subsection 
(e)(1)(A), including access to surge funding; and 
(2) any new resources needed to provide the Fed-
eral Government with greater capacity to provide and 
boost internet access— 
(A) to respond rapidly to internet shut-
downs in closed societies; and 
(B) to provide internet connectivity to for-
eign locations where the provision of additional 
internet access service would promote freedom 
from repressive regimes. 
(g) SECURITY AUDITS.—Before providing any support 
for open source technologies under this section, such tech-
nologies must undergo comprehensive security audits to en-
sure that such technologies are secure and have not been 
compromised in a manner that is detrimental to the interest 
of the United States or to the interests of individuals and 
organizations benefitting from programs supported by such 
funding. 
(h) SURGE.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Sub-
ject to paragraph (2), there is authorized to be appro-
priated, in addition to amounts otherwise made 
available for such purposes, up to $2,500,000 to sup-
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port internet freedom programs in closed societies, in-
cluding programs that— 
(A) are carried out in crisis situations by 
vetted entities that are already engaged in inter-
net freedom programs; 
(B) involve circumvention tools; or 
(C) increase the overseas bandwidth for 
companies that received Federal funding during 
the previous fiscal year. 
(2) CERTIFICATION.—Amounts authorized to be 
appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) may not be 
expended until the Secretary has certified to the ap-
propriate congressional committees, the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the House of Representatives that 
the use of such funds is in the national interest of the 
United States. 
(i) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘inter-
net censorship circumvention tool’’ means a software appli-
cation or other tool that an individual can use to evade 
foreign government restrictions on internet access. 
SEC. 9708. ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT ALIGNMENT WITH 
THE EXPORT CONTROL REFORM ACT. 
Section 38(e) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(e)) is amended— 
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(1) by striking ‘‘subsections (c), (d), (e), and (g) 
of section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 
1979, and by subsections (a) and (c) of section 12 of 
such Act’’ and inserting ‘‘subsections (c) and (d) of 
section 1760 of the Export Control Reform Act of 
2018 (50 U.S.C. 4819), and by subsections (a)(1), 
(a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(7), (c), and (h) of section 
1761 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 4820)’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘11(c)(2)(B) of such Act’’ and in-
serting 
‘‘1760(c)(2) 
of 
such 
Act 
(50 
U.S.C. 
4819(c)(2))’’; 
(3) by striking ‘‘11(c) of the Export Administra-
tion Act of 1979’’ and inserting ‘‘section 1760(c) of 
the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 
4819(c))’’; and 
(4) by striking ‘‘$500,000’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
greater of $1,200,000 or the amount that is twice the 
value of the transaction that is the basis of the viola-
tion with respect to which the penalty is imposed.’’. 
SEC. 9709. INCREASING THE MAXIMUM ANNUAL LEASE PAY-
MENT AVAILABLE WITHOUT APPROVAL BY 
THE SECRETARY. 
Section 10(a) of the Foreign Service Buildings Act, 
1926 (22 U.S.C. 301(a)), is amended by striking ‘‘$50,000’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$100,000’’. 
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SEC. 9710. REPORT ON UNITED STATES ACCESS TO CRIT-
ICAL MINERAL RESOURCES ABROAD. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the appro-
priate congressional committees that details, with regard to 
the Department— 
(1) diplomatic efforts to ensure United States ac-
cess to critical minerals acquired from outside of the 
United States that are used to manufacture clean en-
ergy technologies; and 
(2) collaboration with other parts of the Federal 
Government to build a robust supply chain for crit-
ical minerals necessary to manufacture clean energy 
technologies. 
SEC. 9711. OVERSEAS UNITED STATES STRATEGIC INFRA-
STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. 
(a) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT TO UNITED STATES NA-
TIONAL SECURITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BY THE 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC
OF CHINA
IN
THE DEVELOPING 
WORLD.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall submit a report to the appropriate congres-
sional committees, the Select Committee on Intelligence of 
the Senate, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives regarding the One 
Belt, One Road Initiative, which is the global infrastructure 
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development strategy initiated by the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China in 2013. 
(b) REPORT ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
subsection (a) shall— 
(1) describe the nature and cost of One Belt, One 
Road Initiative investments, operation, and construc-
tion of strategic infrastructure projects, including lo-
gistics, refining, and processing industries and re-
source facilities, and critical and strategic mineral 
resource extraction projects, including an assessment 
of— 
(A) the strategic benefits of such investments 
that are derived by the People’s Republic of 
China and the host nation; and 
(B) the negative impacts of such invest-
ments to the host nation and to United States 
interests; 
(2) describe the nature and total funding of 
United States’ strategic infrastructure investments 
and construction, such as projects financed through 
initiatives such as Prosper Africa and the Millen-
nium Challenge Corporation; 
(3) assess the national security threats posed by 
the foreign infrastructure investment gap between the 
People’s Republic of China and the United States, in-
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cluding strategic infrastructure, such as ports, market 
access to, and the security of, critical and strategic 
minerals, digital and telecommunications infrastruc-
ture, threats to the supply chains, and general 
favorability towards the People’s Republic of China 
and the United States among the populations of host 
countries; 
(4) assess the opportunities and challenges for 
companies based in the United States and companies 
based in United States partner and allied countries 
to invest in foreign strategic infrastructure projects in 
countries where the People’s Republic of China has fo-
cused these types of investments; 
(5) identify challenges and opportunities for the 
United States Government and United States part-
ners and allies to more directly finance and otherwise 
support foreign strategic infrastructure projects, in-
cluding an assessment of the authorities and capabili-
ties of United States agencies, departments, public- 
private partnerships, and international or multilat-
eral organizations to support such projects without 
undermining United States domestic industries, such 
as domestic mineral deposits; and 
(6) include recommendations for United States 
Government agencies to undertake or increase support 
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for United States businesses to support foreign, large- 
scale, strategic infrastructure projects, such as roads, 
power grids, and ports. 
SEC. 9712. PROVISION OF PARKING SERVICES AND RETEN-
TION OF PARKING FEES. 
The Secretary of State may— 
(1) provide parking services, including electric 
vehicle charging and other parking services, in facili-
ties operated by or for the Department; and 
(2) charge fees for such services that may be de-
posited into the appropriate account of the Depart-
ment, to remain available until expended for the pur-
poses of such account, provided that the fees shall not 
exceed the cost of the providing such services. 
SEC. 9713. DIPLOMATIC RECEPTION AREAS. 
(a) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘recep-
tion areas’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
41(c) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 
(22 U.S.C. 2713(c)). 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may sell goods and 
services at fair market value and use the proceeds of such 
sales for administration and related support of the recep-
tion areas. 
(c) AMOUNTS COLLECTED.—Amounts collected pursu-
ant to the authority provided under subsection (b) may be 
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deposited into an account in the Treasury, to remain avail-
able until expended. 
SEC. 9714. RETURN OF SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS FOR 
PASSPORT APPLICATIONS THROUGH UNITED 
STATES POSTAL SERVICE CERTIFIED MAIL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall estab-
lish a procedure that provides, to any individual applying 
for a new United States passport or to renew the United 
States passport of the individual by mail, the option to have 
supporting documents for the application returned to the 
individual by the United States Postal Service through cer-
tified mail. 
(b) COST.— 
(1) RESPONSIBILITY.—The cost of returning sup-
porting documents to an individual as described in 
subsection (a) shall be the responsibility of the indi-
vidual. 
(2) FEE.—The fee charged to the individual by 
the Secretary for returning supporting documents as 
described in subsection (a) shall be the sum of— 
(A) the retail price charged by the United 
States Postal Service for the service; and 
(B) the estimated cost of processing the re-
turn of the supporting documents. 
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(3) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the 
establishment of the procedure required under sub-
section (a), the Secretary shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees that— 
(A) details the costs included in the proc-
essing fee described in paragraph (2); and 
(B) includes an estimate of the average cost 
per request. 
SEC. 9715. REPORT ON DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONNEL AND 
RESOURCES RELATED TO ORDERED DEPAR-
TURES AND POST CLOSURES. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to 
the appropriate congressional committees that describes— 
(1) how Department personnel and resources 
dedicated to Mission Afghanistan were reallocated fol-
lowing the closure of diplomatic posts in Afghanistan 
in August 2021; and 
(2) the extent to which Department personnel 
and resources for Mission Iraq were reallocated fol-
lowing ordered departures for diplomatic posts in 
March 2020, and how such resources were reallocated. 
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SEC. 9716. ELIMINATION OF OBSOLETE REPORTS. 
(a) CERTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF THE AUS-
TRALIA GROUP.—Section 2(7) of Senate Resolution 75 
(105th Congress) is amended by striking subparagraph (C). 
(b) PLANS TO IMPLEMENT THE GANDHI-KING SCHOL-
ARLY EXCHANGE INITIATIVE.—The Gandhi-King Scholarly 
Exchange Initiative Act (subtitle D of title III of division 
FF of Public Law 116–260) is amended by striking section 
336. 
(c) PROGRESS REPORT ON JERUSALEM EMBASSY.— 
The Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–45) 
is amended by striking section 6. 
(d) 
PRESIDENTIAL
ANTI-PEDOPHILIA
CERTIFI-
CATION.—Section 102 of the Foreign Relations Authoriza-
tion Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103– 
236) is amended by striking subsection (g). 
(e) MICROENTERPRISE
FOR
SELF-RELIANCE
RE-
PORT.—Title III of the Microenterprise for Self-Reliance 
and International Anti-Corruption Act of 2000 (Public 
Law 106–309; 22 U.S.C. 2462 note) is amended by striking 
section 304. 
SEC. 9717. LOCALITY PAY FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYEES WORK-
ING OVERSEAS UNDER DOMESTIC EMPLOYEE 
TELEWORKING OVERSEAS AGREEMENTS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) CIVIL SERVICE.—The term ‘‘civil service’’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 2101 of title 
5, United States Code. 
(2) COVERED
EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘‘covered 
employee’’ means an employee who— 
(A) occupies a position in the civil service; 
and 
(B) is working overseas under a Domestic 
Employee Teleworking Overseas agreement. 
(3) LOCALITY
PAY.—The term ‘‘locality pay’’ 
means a locality-based comparability payment paid 
in accordance with subsection (b). 
(4) NONFOREIGN AREA.—The term ‘‘nonforeign 
area’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
591.205 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
any successor regulation. 
(5) OVERSEAS.—The term ‘‘overseas’’ means any 
geographic location that is not in— 
(A) the continental United States; or 
(B) a nonforeign area. 
(b) PAYMENT OF LOCALITY PAY.—Each covered em-
ployee shall be paid locality pay in an amount that is equal 
to the lesser of— 
(1) the amount of a locality-based comparability 
payment that the covered employee would have been 
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paid under section 5304 or 5304a of title 5, United 
States Code, had the official duty station of the cov-
ered employee not been changed to reflect an overseas 
location under the applicable Domestic Employee 
Teleworking Overseas agreement; or 
(2) the amount of a locality-based comparability 
payment that the covered employee would be paid 
under section 1113 of the Supplemental Appropria-
tions Act, 2009 (Public Law 111–32), as limited 
under section 9802(c)(2) of this Act, if the covered 
employee were an eligible member of the Foreign 
Service (as defined in subsection (b) of such section 
1113). 
(c) APPLICATION.—Locality pay paid to a covered em-
ployee under this section— 
(1) shall begin to be paid not later than 60 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act; and 
(2) shall be treated in the same manner, and 
subject to the same terms and conditions, as a local-
ity-based comparability payment paid under section 
5304 or 5304a of title 5, United States Code. 
SEC. 9718. REPORT ON COUNTERING THE ACTIVITIES OF 
MALIGN ACTORS. 
(a) REPORT.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury 
and the Administrator, shall submit a report to the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the 
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representa-
tives, the Committee on Armed Services of the House 
of Representatives, and the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives 
regarding United States diplomatic efforts in Africa 
in achieving United States policy goals and coun-
tering the activities of malign actors. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) case studies from Mali, Sudan, the Cen-
tral African Republic, the Democratic Republic 
of the Congo, Burkina Faso, and South Sudan, 
with the goal of assessing the effectiveness of dip-
lomatic tools during the 5-year period ending on 
the date of the enactment of this Act; and 
(B) an assessment of— 
(i) the extent and effectiveness of cer-
tain diplomatic tools to advance United 
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States priorities in the respective case study 
countries, including— 
(I) in-country diplomatic pres-
ence; 
(II) humanitarian and develop-
ment assistance; 
(III) support for increased 2-way 
trade and investment; 
(IV) United States security assist-
ance; 
(V) public diplomacy; and 
(VI) accountability measures, in-
cluding sanctions; 
(ii) whether the use of the diplomatic 
tools described in clause (i) achieved the 
diplomatic ends for which they were in-
tended; and 
(iii) the means by which the Russian 
Federation and the People’s Republic of 
China exploited any openings for diplo-
matic engagement in the case study coun-
tries. 
(b) FORM.—The report required under subsection (b) 
shall be submitted in classified form. 
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(c) CLASSIFIED BRIEFING REQUIRED.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary and the Administrator shall jointly brief Congress 
regarding the report required under subsection (b). 
TITLE XCVIII—EXTENSION OF 
AUTHORITIES 
SEC. 9801. DIPLOMATIC FACILITIES. 
For the purposes of calculating the costs of providing 
new United States diplomatic facilities in any fiscal year, 
in accordance with section 604(e) of the Secure Embassy 
Construction and Counterterrorism Act of 1999 (22 U.S.C. 
4865 note), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget, shall de-
termine the annual program level and agency shares for 
such fiscal year in a manner that is proportional to the 
contribution of the Department of State for this purpose. 
SEC. 9802. EXTENSION OF EXISTING AUTHORITIES. 
(a) PASSPORT FEES.—Section 1(b)(2) of the Passport 
Act of June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214(b)(2)) shall be applied 
by striking ‘‘September 30, 2010’’ and inserting ‘‘September 
30, 2026’’. 
(b) USAID CIVIL SERVICE ANNUITANT WAIVER.—Sec-
tion 625(j)(1)(B) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2385(j)(1)(B)) shall be applied by striking ‘‘October 
1, 2010’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2024’’. 
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(c) OVERSEAS PAY COMPARABILITY
AND LIMITA-
TION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The authority provided under 
section 1113 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 
2009 (Public Law 111–32) shall remain in effect 
through September 30, 2024. 
(2) LIMITATION.—The authority described in 
paragraph (1) may not be used to pay an eligible 
member of the Foreign Service (as defined in section 
1113(b) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 
2009 (Public Law 111–32)) a locality-based com-
parability payment (stated as a percentage) that ex-
ceeds two-thirds of the amount of the locality-based 
comparability payment (stated as a percentage) that 
would be payable to such member under section 5304 
of title 5, United States Code, if such member’s offi-
cial duty station were in the District of Columbia. 
(d) INSPECTOR GENERAL ANNUITANT WAIVER.—The 
authorities provided under section 1015(b) of the Supple-
mental Appropriations Act, 2010 (Public Law 111–212)— 
(1) shall remain in effect through September 30, 
2024; and 
(2) may be used to facilitate the assignment of 
persons for oversight of programs in Somalia, South 
Sudan, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen. 
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(e) SECURITY REVIEW COMMITTEES.—The authority 
provided under section 301(a)(3) of the Omnibus Diplo-
matic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 (22 U.S.C. 
4831(a)(3)) shall remain in effect for facilities in Afghani-
stan and shall apply to facilities in Ukraine through Sep-
tember 30, 2024, except that the notification and reporting 
requirements contained in such section shall include the ap-
propriate congressional committees, the Committee on Ap-
propriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appro-
priations of the House of Representatives. 
(f) DEPARTMENT
OF STATE INSPECTOR GENERAL 
WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The Inspector General of the De-
partment may waive the provisions of subsections (a) 
through (d) of section 824 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 
(22 U.S.C. 4064), on a case-by-case basis, for an annuitant 
reemployed by the Inspector General on a temporary basis, 
subject to the same constraints and in the same manner 
by which the Secretary of State may exercise such waiver 
authority pursuant to subsection (g) of such section. 
SEC. 9803. COMMISSION ON REFORM AND MODERNIZATION 
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Commission on Reform and Modernization of the Depart-
ment of State Act’’. 
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(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.—There is estab-
lished, in the legislative branch, the Commission on Reform 
and Modernization of the Department of State (referred to 
in this section as the ‘‘Commission’’). 
(c) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the Commission 
are— 
(1) to examine the changing nature of diplomacy 
and the ways in which the Department can modernize 
to advance the interests of the United States; and 
(2) to offer recommendations to the President 
and Congress related to— 
(A) the organizational structure of the De-
partment; 
(B) personnel-related matters, including re-
cruitment, promotion, training, and retention of 
the Department’s workforce in order to foster ef-
fective diplomacy worldwide, including measures 
to strengthen diversity and inclusion to ensure 
that the Department’s workforce represents all of 
America; 
(C) the Department of State’s domestic and 
overseas facilities; 
(D) the link among diplomacy and defense, 
development, commercial, health, law enforce-
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ment, science, technology, and other core United 
States interests; 
(E) legislation that authorizes United 
States diplomacy, including the Foreign Service 
Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465); and 
(F) related regulations, rules, and processes 
that define United States diplomatic efforts, in-
cluding the Foreign Affairs Manual. 
(d) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(1) COMPOSITION.—The Commission shall be 
composed of 16 members, of whom— 
(A) 4 members shall be appointed by the 
President in a nonpartisan manner; 
(B) 2 members (1 of whom may be a Mem-
ber of Congress) shall be appointed by the major-
ity leader of the Senate; 
(C) 2 members (1 of whom may be a Mem-
ber of Congress) shall be appointed by the Speak-
er of the House of Representatives; 
(D) 2 members (1 of whom may be a Mem-
ber of Congress) shall be appointed by the minor-
ity leader of the Senate; 
(E) 2 members (1 of whom may be a Mem-
ber of Congress) shall be appointed by the minor-
ity leader of the House of Representatives; 
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(F) 1 member shall be appointed by the 
chairperson of the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate; 
(G) 1 member shall be appointed by the 
ranking member of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate; 
(H) 1 member shall be appointed by the 
chairperson of the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives; and 
(I) 1 member shall be appointed by the 
ranking member of the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives. 
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.— 
(A) MEMBERSHIP.—Any member of the 
Commission who is not a Member of Congress 
shall be a private United States citizen who is 
nationally recognized and has significant depth 
of experience in international relations, data- 
driven management, and the policymaking, pro-
grammatic, and personnel aspects of the Depart-
ment. 
(B) RESTRICTIONS.— 
(i) FOREIGN
AGENTS
REGISTRATION 
ACT OF 1938.—No member of the Commis-
sion may be a current or former registrant 
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under the Foreign Agents Registration Act 
of 1938 (22 U.S.C. 611 et seq.). 
(ii) MEMBERS
OF
CONGRESS.—Not 
more than 4 members of the Commission 
may be Members of Congress, who may only 
be appointed by the Majority Leader of the 
Senate, the Minority Leader of the Senate, 
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 
and the Minority Leader of the House of 
Representatives in accordance with para-
graph (1). None of the members of the Com-
mission may be individuals who are eligible 
to make such appointments. 
(3) APPOINTMENTS.— 
(A) DEADLINE.—Members of the Commis-
sion shall be appointed pursuant to paragraph 
(1) not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
(B) PERIOD
OF
APPOINTMENT; 
VACAN-
CIES.—Members of the Commission shall be ap-
pointed for the life of the Commission. Any va-
cancy in the Commission shall not affect the 
powers of the Commission and shall be filled in 
the same manner as the original appointment. 
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(C) NOTIFICATIONS.—Individuals making 
appointments pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
notify the Chair and Ranking Member of the ap-
propriate committees of Congress and the Sec-
retary of State of such appointments. 
(D) CO-CHAIRPERSONS.— 
(i) 
DEMOCRATIC
LEADERS.—The 
Democratic leader in the Senate and the 
Democratic leader in the House of Rep-
resentatives shall jointly select 1 member of 
the Commission appointed pursuant to 
paragraph (1) to serve as a co-chairperson 
of the Commission. 
(ii) REPUBLICAN LEADERS.—The Re-
publican leader in the Senate and the Re-
publican leader in the House of Representa-
tives shall jointly select 1 member of the 
Commission appointed pursuant to para-
graph (1) to serve as a co-chairperson of the 
Commission. 
(4) REMOVAL.—A member may be removed from 
the Commission for cause by the individual serving in 
the position responsible for the original appointment 
of such member under paragraph (1) if— 
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(A) notice was provided to such member de-
scribing the cause for removal; and 
(B) such removal was voted and agreed 
upon by a majority of the members serving on 
the Commission. 
(5) MEETINGS.— 
(A) INITIAL MEETING.—Not later than 30 
days after a majority of the members of the Com-
mission have been appointed, the Commission 
shall hold the first meeting and shall begin oper-
ations as soon as practicable. 
(B) FREQUENCY.—The Commission shall 
meet upon the call of the co-chairpersons, acting 
jointly. 
(C) QUORUM.—A majority of the members 
of the Commission, or a majority of the members 
of a panel, shall constitute a quorum for pur-
poses of conducting business. 
(e) FUNCTIONS OF COMMISSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sub-
section (j), the Commission shall act by resolution 
agreed to by a majority of the members of the Com-
mission voting and present. 
(2) PANELS.—The Commission may establish 
panels composed of less than the full membership of 
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the Commission for purposes of carrying out the du-
ties of the Commission under this section. The mem-
bership of such panels should reflect the bipartisan 
composition of the Commission. The actions of any 
such panel shall be subject to the review and control 
of the Commission. Any findings and determinations 
made by such a panel may not be considered the find-
ings and determinations of the Commission unless 
such findings and determinations are approved by a 
majority of the Commission, including both co-chair-
persons. 
(f) POWERS OF COMMISSION.— 
(1) HEARINGS AND EVIDENCE.—To carry out the 
purposes of the Commission described in subsection 
(c), the Commission or any panel of the Commission 
may, with the joint approval of the co-chairpersons— 
(A) hold such hearings and meetings, take 
such testimony, receive such evidence, and ad-
minister such oaths as the Commission or such 
designated panel considers necessary; 
(B) request the attendance and testimony of 
such witnesses and the production of such cor-
respondence, memoranda, papers, and docu-
ments, as the Commission or such designated 
panel considers necessary; and 
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(C) secure from the Department, USAID, 
the United States International Development Fi-
nance Corporation, the Millennium Challenge 
Corporation, Peace Corps, the United States 
Trade Development Agency, and the United 
States Agency for Global Media information and 
data necessary to enable it to carry out its mis-
sion. 
(2) CONTRACTS.—The Commission, to such ex-
tent and in such amounts as are provided in appro-
priations Acts, may enter into contracts to enable the 
Commission to discharge its duties under this section. 
(g) SUPPORT FROM OTHER AGENCIES.— 
(1) INFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 
To carry out the purposes of the Commission de-
scribed in subsection (c), upon the receipt of a joint 
written request by the co-chairpersons of the Commis-
sion to any of the heads of the Department, USAID, 
the United States International Development Finance 
Corporation, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, 
the Peace Corps, the Trade Development Agency, or 
the United States Agency for Global Media, the heads 
of such entities shall expeditiously furnish the re-
quested information to the Commission. 
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(2) ASSISTANCE FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.—The 
Department of State and other Federal departments 
and agencies may provide to the Commission, on a 
nonreimbursable basis, such administrative services, 
staff, and other support services as are necessary for 
the performance of the Commission’s duties under this 
section, at the request of the Commission. 
(3) LIAISON.—The Secretary may designate at 
least 1 officer or employee of the Department to serve 
as a liaison officer between the Department and the 
Commission. 
(4) RECOMMENDATIONS FROM INDEPENDENT OR-
GANIZATIONS.—The Commission may review rec-
ommendations by independent organizations and out-
side experts relating to reform and modernization of 
the Department. 
(h) CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATION.—Not later than 
180 days after the initial meeting of the Commission, and 
not less frequently than semiannually thereafter, the Com-
mission shall provide a briefing to Congress regarding the 
work of the Commission. 
(i) STAFF AND COMPENSATION.— 
(1) STAFF.— 
(A) COMPENSATION.—The co-chairpersons 
of the Commission shall appoint and fix the 
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compensation of a staff director and such other 
personnel as may be necessary to enable the 
Commission to carry out its duties, without re-
gard to the provisions of title 5, United States 
Code, governing appointments in the competitive 
service, and without regard to the provisions of 
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of 
such title relating to classification and General 
Schedule pay rates, except that no rate of pay 
fixed under this subsection may exceed the equiv-
alent of that payable to a person occupying a po-
sition at level V of the Executive Schedule under 
section 5316 of such title. 
(B) DETAIL
OF
GOVERNMENT
EMPLOY-
EES.—A Federal Government employee may be 
detailed to the Commission without reimburse-
ment, and such detail shall be without interrup-
tion or loss of civil service status or privilege. 
(C) PROCUREMENT
OF
TEMPORARY
AND 
INTERMITTENT SERVICES.—The co-chairs of the 
Commission may procure temporary and inter-
mittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, 
United States Code, at rates for individuals that 
do not exceed the daily equivalent of the annual 
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rate of basic pay prescribed for level V of the Ex-
ecutive Schedule under section 5315 of such title. 
(D) STATUS
AS
FEDERAL
EMPLOYEES.— 
Notwithstanding the requirements under section 
2105 of title 5, United States Code, including the 
required supervision under subsection (a)(3) of 
such section, the members of the commission 
shall be deemed to be Federal employees. 
(2) COMMISSION MEMBERS.— 
(A) COMPENSATION.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (C), each member of the Commis-
sion shall be compensated at a rate not to exceed 
the daily equivalent of the annual rate of basic 
pay payable for level IV of the Executive Sched-
ule under section 5315 of title 5, United States 
Code, for each day (including travel time) dur-
ing which that member is engaged in the actual 
performance of the duties of the Commission. 
(B) WAIVER
OF
CERTAIN
PROVISIONS.— 
Subsections (a) through (d) of section 824 of the 
Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4064) 
are waived for an annuitant on a temporary 
basis so as to be compensated for work performed 
as part of the Commission. 
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(C) RESTRICTION FOR MEMBERS OF CON-
GRESS.—Any Member of Congress serving as a 
member of the Commission shall not receive any 
additional compensation or pay for their service 
on the Commission. 
(3) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—While away from their 
homes or regular places of business in the perform-
ance of service for the Commission, members and staff 
of the Commission, and any Federal Government em-
ployees detailed to the Commission, shall be allowed 
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsist-
ence, in the same manner as persons employed inter-
mittently in Government service are allowed expenses 
under section 5703(b) of title 5, United States Code. 
(4) SECURITY
CLEARANCES
FOR
COMMISSION 
MEMBERS AND STAFF.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Members and staff shall 
have or be eligible to receive the appropriate se-
curity clearance to conduct their duties. 
(B) EXPEDITED
PROCESSING.—The Office 
of Senate Security shall ensure the expedited 
processing of appropriate security clearances for 
members, officers, and employees of the Commis-
sion. 
(j) REPORT.— 
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 24 months 
after the first date on which a majority of the mem-
bers of the Commission have been appointed, the Com-
mission shall submit a final report to the Secretary 
and Congress that includes— 
(A) a detailed statement of the findings and 
conclusions of the Commission; and 
(B) the recommendations of the Commission 
for such legislative and administrative actions as 
the Commission considers appropriate in light of 
the results of the study, including the anticipated 
amount of time and resources required to imple-
ment such recommendations. 
(2) DEPARTMENT RESPONSE.—The Secretary, in 
coordination with the heads of appropriate Federal 
departments and agencies, shall have the right to re-
view and respond to all Commission recommenda-
tions before the Commission submits its final report 
to the Secretary and Congress. The Commission shall 
provide the Department with its recommendations not 
later than 90 days before the date of submission of its 
final report. 
(k) TERMINATION OF COMMISSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission, and all the 
authorities under this section, shall terminate on the 
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date that is 60 days after the date on which the final 
report is submitted pursuant to subsection (j)(1). 
(2) ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES BEFORE TERMI-
NATION.—The Commission may use the 60-day period 
referred to in paragraph (1) for the purpose of con-
cluding its activities, including providing testimony 
to the appropriate committees of Congress concerning 
its reports and disseminating the report. 
(l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be ap-
propriated up to $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2023 to 
carry out this section. 
(2) TRANSFERS; SUPPORT.—In addition to other 
transfers and support otherwise authorized by law, 
the Secretary may— 
(A) transfer any amounts appropriated 
pursuant to paragraph (1) to the Commission; 
and 
(B) use the amounts referred to in subpara-
graph (A) to provide non-reimbursable support 
to the Commission. 
(3) COMMISSION ACCOUNTS.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury may establish 1 or more accounts to fa-
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cilitate transfers to the Commission of amounts 
authorized under paragraph (2)(A). 
(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts transferred 
to the Commission pursuant to subparagraph(A) 
may be used for the activities of the Commission, 
including— 
(i) the payment of Commission ex-
penses; 
(ii) the compensation of Commission 
members, officers, and employees. 
(m) DEFINED TERM.—In this section, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate committees of Congress’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
(2) the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen-
ate; 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(4) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
DIVISION J—OCEANS AND 
ATMOSPHERE 
SEC. 10000. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this division is as follows: 
Sec. 10000. Table of contents. 
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TITLE C—CORAL REEF CONSERVATION 
Subtitle A—Reauthorization of Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 
Sec. 10001. Reauthorization of Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000. 
Subtitle B—United States Coral Reef Task Force 
Sec. 10011. Establishment. 
Sec. 10012. Duties. 
Sec. 10013. Membership. 
Sec. 10014. Responsibilities of Federal agency members. 
Sec. 10015. Working groups. 
Sec. 10016. Definitions. 
Subtitle C—Department of the Interior Coral Reef Authorities 
Sec. 10021. Coral reef conservation and restoration assistance. 
Subtitle D—Susan L. Williams National Coral Reef Management Fellowship 
Sec. 10031. Susan L. Williams National Coral Reef Management Fellowship. 
TITLE CI—BOLSTERING LONG-TERM UNDERSTANDING AND EXPLO-
RATION OF THE GREAT LAKES, OCEANS, BAYS, AND ESTUARIES 
Sec. 10101. Purpose. 
Sec. 10102. Definitions. 
Sec. 10103. Workforce study. 
Sec. 10104. Accelerating innovation at Cooperative Institutes. 
Sec. 10105. Blue Economy valuation. 
Sec. 10106. No additional funds authorized. 
TITLE CII—REGIONAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIPS 
Sec. 10201. Findings; purposes. 
Sec. 10202. Regional Ocean Partnerships. 
TITLE CIII—NATIONAL OCEAN EXPLORATION 
Sec. 10301. Findings. 
Sec. 10302. Definitions. 
Sec. 10303. Ocean Policy Committee. 
Sec. 10304. National Ocean Mapping, Exploration, and Characterization Coun-
cil. 
Sec. 10305. Modifications to the ocean exploration program of the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration. 
Sec. 10306. Repeal. 
Sec. 10307. Modifications to ocean and coastal mapping program of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
Sec. 10308. Modifications to Hydrographic Services Improvement Act of 1998. 
TITLE CIV—MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND RESPONSE 
Sec. 10401. Data collection and dissemination. 
Sec. 10402. Stranding or entanglement response agreements. 
Sec. 10403. Unusual mortality event activity funding. 
Sec. 10404. Liability. 
Sec. 10405. National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank and tissue analysis. 
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Sec. 10406. Marine Mammal Rescue and Response Grant Program and Rapid 
Response Fund. 
Sec. 10407. Health MAP. 
Sec. 10408. Reports to Congress. 
Sec. 10409. Authorization of appropriations. 
Sec. 10410. Definitions. 
Sec. 10411. Study on marine mammal mortality. 
TITLE CV—VOLCANIC ASH AND FUMES 
Sec. 10501. Modifications to National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring 
System. 
TITLE CVI—LEARNING EXCELLENCE AND GOOD EXAMPLES FROM 
NEW DEVELOPERS 
Sec. 10601. Learning excellence and good examples from new developers. 
TITLE C—CORAL REEF 
CONSERVATION 
Subtitle A—Reauthorization of 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 
SEC. 10001. REAUTHORIZATION OF CORAL REEF CONSERVA-
TION ACT OF 2000. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Coral Reef Conservation Act 
of 2000 (16 U.S.C. 6401 et seq.) is amended by striking 
sections 202 through 210 and inserting the following: 
‘‘SEC. 202. PURPOSES. 
‘‘The purposes of this title are— 
‘‘(1) to conserve and restore the condition of 
United States coral reef ecosystems challenged by nat-
ural and human-accelerated changes, including in-
creasing ocean temperatures, changing ocean chem-
istry, coral bleaching, coral diseases, water quality 
degradation, invasive species, and illegal, unreported, 
and unregulated fishing; 
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‘‘(2) to promote the science-based management 
and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems to benefit 
local communities and the Nation, including through 
improved integration and cooperation among Federal 
and non-Federal stakeholders responsible for man-
aging coral reef resources; 
‘‘(3) to develop sound scientific information on 
the condition of coral reef ecosystems, continuing and 
emerging threats to such ecosystems, and the efficacy 
of innovative tools, technologies, and strategies to 
mitigate stressors and restore such ecosystems, includ-
ing evaluation criteria to determine the effectiveness 
of management interventions, and accurate mapping 
for coral reef restoration; 
‘‘(4) to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by 
supporting science-based, consensus-driven, and com-
munity-based coral reef management by covered 
States and covered Native entities, including moni-
toring, conservation, and restoration projects that em-
power local communities, small businesses, and non-
governmental organizations; 
‘‘(5) to provide financial resources, technical as-
sistance, and scientific expertise to supplement, com-
plement, and strengthen community-based manage-
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ment programs and conservation and restoration 
projects of non-Federal reefs; 
‘‘(6) to establish a formal mechanism for col-
lecting and allocating monetary donations from the 
private sector to be used for coral reef conservation 
and restoration projects; 
‘‘(7) to support rapid, effective, and science-based 
assessment and response to exigent circumstances that 
pose immediate and long-term threats to coral reefs, 
including— 
‘‘(A) coral disease outbreaks; 
‘‘(B) invasive or nuisance species; 
‘‘(C) coral bleaching; 
‘‘(D) natural disasters; and 
‘‘(E) industrial or mechanical disasters, in-
cluding vessel groundings, hazardous spills, and 
coastal construction accidents; and 
‘‘(8) to serve as a model for advancing similar 
international efforts to monitor, conserve, and restore 
coral reef ecosystems. 
‘‘SEC. 203. FEDERAL CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT AND RES-
TORATION ACTIVITIES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, the Secretary 
of the Interior, or the Secretary of Commerce may conduct 
activities described in subsection (b) to conserve and restore 
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coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems that are consistent 
with— 
‘‘(1) all applicable laws governing resource man-
agement in Federal and State waters, including this 
Act; 
‘‘(2) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; 
and 
‘‘(3) coral reef action plans in effect under sec-
tion 205, as applicable. 
‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—Activities described in 
this subsection are activities to conserve, research, monitor, 
assess, and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems in 
waters managed under the jurisdiction of a Federal agency 
specified in subsection (c) or in coordination with a State 
in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such State, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(1) developing, including through the collection 
of requisite in situ and remotely sensed data, high- 
quality and digitized maps reflecting— 
‘‘(A) current and historical live coral cover 
data; 
‘‘(B) coral reef habitat quality data; 
‘‘(C) priority areas for coral reef conserva-
tion to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem 
structure and function, including the reef ma-
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trix, that benefit coastal communities and living 
marine resources; 
‘‘(D) priority areas for coral reef restora-
tion to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem struc-
ture and function, including the reef matrix, to 
benefit coastal communities and living marine 
resources; and 
‘‘(E) areas of concern that may require en-
hanced monitoring of coral health and cover; 
‘‘(2) enhancing compliance with Federal laws 
that prohibit or regulate— 
‘‘(A) the taking of coral products or species 
associated with coral reefs; or 
‘‘(B) the use and management of coral reef 
ecosystems; 
‘‘(3) long-term ecological monitoring of coral reef 
ecosystems; 
‘‘(4) implementing species-specific recovery plans 
for listed coral species consistent with the Endangered 
Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.); 
‘‘(5) restoring degraded coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(6) reducing land-based stressors to coral reef 
ecosystems; 
‘‘(7) promoting ecologically sound navigation 
and anchorages, including through navigational aids 
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and expansion of reef-safe anchorages and mooring 
buoy systems, to enhance recreational access while 
preventing or minimizing the likelihood of vessel im-
pacts or other physical damage to coral reefs; 
‘‘(8) monitoring and responding to severe bleach-
ing or mortality events, disease outbreaks, invasive 
species outbreaks, and significant maritime accidents, 
including hazardous spill cleanup and the removal of 
grounded vessels; 
‘‘(9) conducting scientific research that contrib-
utes to the understanding, sustainable use, and long- 
term conservation of coral reefs; 
‘‘(10) 
enhancing 
public 
awareness, 
under-
standing, and appreciation of coral reefs and coral 
reef ecosystems and their ecological and socioeconomic 
value; and 
‘‘(11) centrally archiving, managing, and dis-
tributing on a public website data sets and coral reef 
ecosystem assessments, including the data repositories 
of the Coral Reef Conservation Program of the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
‘‘(c) FEDERAL
AGENCIES
SPECIFIED.—A Federal 
agency specified in this subsection is one of the following: 
‘‘(1) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration. 
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‘‘(2) The National Park Service. 
‘‘(3) The United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice. 
‘‘(4) The Office of Insular Affairs. 
‘‘SEC. 204. NATIONAL CORAL REEF RESILIENCE STRATEGY. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall— 
‘‘(1) not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of the James M. Inhofe National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, develop a na-
tional coral reef resilience strategy; and 
‘‘(2) review and revise the strategy— 
‘‘(A) not less frequently than once every 15 
years; 
‘‘(B) not less frequently than once every 5 
years, in the case of guidance on best practices 
under subsection (b)(4); and 
‘‘(C) as appropriate. 
‘‘(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required by subsection 
(a) shall include the following: 
‘‘(1) A discussion addressing— 
‘‘(A) continuing and emerging threats to the 
resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(B) remaining gaps in coral reef ecosystem 
research, monitoring, and assessment; 
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‘‘(C) the status of management cooperation 
and integration among Federal reef managers 
and covered reef managers; 
‘‘(D) the status of efforts to manage and 
disseminate critical information, and enhance 
interjurisdictional data sharing, related to re-
search, reports, data sets, and maps; 
‘‘(E) areas of special focus, which may in-
clude— 
‘‘(i) improving natural coral recruit-
ment; 
‘‘(ii) preventing avoidable losses of cor-
als and their habitat; 
‘‘(iii) enhancing the resilience of coral 
populations; 
‘‘(iv) supporting a resilience-based 
management approach; 
‘‘(v) developing, coordinating, and im-
plementing watershed management plans; 
‘‘(vi) building and sustaining water-
shed management capacity at the local level; 
‘‘(vii) providing data essential for 
coral reef fisheries management; 
‘‘(viii) building capacity for coral reef 
fisheries management; 
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‘‘(ix) increasing understanding of coral 
reef ecosystem services; 
‘‘(x) educating the public on the im-
portance of coral reefs, threats and solu-
tions; and 
‘‘(xi) evaluating intervention efficacy; 
‘‘(F) the status of conservation efforts, in-
cluding the use of marine protected areas to serve 
as replenishment zones developed consistent with 
local practices and traditions and in cooperation 
with, and with respect for the scientific, tech-
nical, and management expertise and respon-
sibilities of, covered reef managers; 
‘‘(G) science-based adaptive management 
and restoration efforts; and 
‘‘(H) management of coral reef emergencies 
and disasters. 
‘‘(2) A statement of national goals and objectives 
designed to guide— 
‘‘(A) future Federal coral reef management 
and restoration activities authorized under sec-
tion 203; 
‘‘(B) conservation and restoration priorities 
for grants awarded under section 211; and 
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‘‘(C) research priorities for the reef research 
coordination institutes designated under section 
213(b)(1)(B). 
‘‘(3) A designation of priority areas for con-
servation, and priority areas for restoration, to sup-
port the review and approval of grants under section 
211(e). 
‘‘(4) Technical assistance in the form of general 
templates for use by covered reef managers and Fed-
eral reef managers to guide the development of coral 
reef action plans under section 205, including guid-
ance on the best science-based practices to respond to 
coral reef emergencies that can be included in coral 
reef action plans. 
‘‘(c) CONSULTATIONS.—In developing all elements of 
the strategy required by subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall— 
‘‘(1) consult with the Secretary of the Interior, 
the Task Force, covered States, and covered Native en-
tities; 
‘‘(2) consult with the Secretary of Defense, as ap-
propriate; 
‘‘(3) engage stakeholders, including covered 
States, coral reef stewardship partnerships, reef re-
search institutes and research centers described in sec-
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tion 213, and recipients of grants under section 211; 
and 
‘‘(4) solicit public review and comment regard-
ing scoping and the draft strategy. 
‘‘(d) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS; PUBLICATION.—The 
Administrator shall— 
‘‘(1) submit the strategy required by subsection 
(a) and any revisions to the strategy to the appro-
priate congressional committees; and 
‘‘(2) publish the strategy and any such revisions 
on public websites of— 
‘‘(A) the Coral Reef Conservation Program 
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration; and 
‘‘(B) the Task Force. 
‘‘SEC. 205. CORAL REEF ACTION PLANS. 
‘‘(a) PLANS PREPARED
BY FEDERAL REEF MAN-
AGERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 3 years after 
the date of the enactment of the James M. Inhofe Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 
and 2 years after the date of publication of each Na-
tional Coral Reef Resilience Strategy, each Federal 
reef manager shall— 
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‘‘(A) prepare a coral reef action plan to 
guide management and restoration activities to 
be undertaken within the responsibilities and ju-
risdiction of the manager; or 
‘‘(B) in the case of a reef under the jurisdic-
tion of a Federal reef manager for which there 
is an action plan in effect as of such date of en-
actment, update that plan to comply with the re-
quirements of this subsection. 
‘‘(2) ELEMENTS.—A plan prepared under para-
graph (1) by a Federal reef manager shall include a 
discussion of the following: 
‘‘(A) Short- and medium-term coral reef 
conservation and restoration objectives within 
the jurisdiction of the manager. 
‘‘(B) A current adaptive management 
framework to inform research, monitoring, and 
assessment needs. 
‘‘(C) Tools, strategies, and partnerships nec-
essary to identify, monitor, and address pollu-
tion, water quality, and other negative impacts 
to coral reef ecosystems within the jurisdiction of 
the manager. 
‘‘(D) The status of efforts to improve coral 
reef ecosystem management cooperation and inte-
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gration between Federal reef managers and cov-
ered reef managers, including the identification 
of existing research and monitoring activities 
that can be leveraged for coral reef status and 
trends assessments within the jurisdiction of the 
manager. 
‘‘(E) Estimated budgetary and resource con-
siderations necessary to carry out the plan. 
‘‘(F) Contingencies for response to and re-
covery from emergencies and disasters. 
‘‘(G) In the case of an updated plan, an-
nual records of significant management and res-
toration actions taken under the previous plan, 
cash and noncash resources used to undertake the 
actions, and the source of such resources. 
‘‘(H) Documentation by the Federal reef 
manager that the plan is consistent with the Na-
tional Coral Reef Resilience Strategy. 
‘‘(I) A data management plan to ensure 
data, assessments, and accompanying informa-
tion are appropriately preserved, curated, pub-
licly accessible, and broadly reusable. 
‘‘(3) SUBMISSION TO TASK FORCE.—Each Fed-
eral reef manager shall submit a plan prepared under 
paragraph (1) to the Task Force. 
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‘‘(4) APPLICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCE-
DURE ACT.—Each plan prepared under paragraph 
(1) shall be subject to the requirements of subchapter 
II of chapter 5, and chapter 7, of title 5, United 
States Code (commonly known as the ‘Administrative 
Procedure Act’). 
‘‘(b) PLANS PREPARED
BY COVERED REEF MAN-
AGERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A covered reef manager may 
elect to prepare, submit to the Task Force, and main-
tain a coral reef action plan to guide management 
and restoration activities to be undertaken within the 
responsibilities and jurisdiction of the manager. 
‘‘(2) EFFECTIVE
PERIOD.—A plan prepared 
under this subsection shall remain in effect for 5 
years, or until an updated plan is submitted to the 
Task Force, whichever occurs first. 
‘‘(3) ELEMENTS.—A plan prepared under para-
graph (1) by a covered reef manager— 
‘‘(A) shall contain a discussion of— 
‘‘(i) short- and medium-term coral reef 
conservation and restoration objectives with-
in the jurisdiction of the manager; 
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‘‘(ii) estimated budgetary and resource 
considerations necessary to carry out the 
plan; 
‘‘(iii) in the case of an updated plan, 
annual records of significant management 
and restoration actions taken under the pre-
vious plan, cash and noncash resources used 
to undertake the actions, and the source of 
such resources; and 
‘‘(iv) contingencies for response to and 
recovery from emergencies and disasters; 
and 
‘‘(B) may contain a discussion of— 
‘‘(i) the status of efforts to improve 
coral reef ecosystem management coopera-
tion and integration between Federal reef 
managers and covered reef managers, in-
cluding the identification of existing re-
search and monitoring activities that can be 
leveraged for coral reef status and trends as-
sessments within the jurisdiction of the 
manager; 
‘‘(ii) a current adaptive management 
framework to inform research, monitoring, 
and assessment needs; 
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‘‘(iii) tools, strategies, and partner-
ships necessary to identify, monitor, and 
address pollution and water quality im-
pacts to coral reef ecosystems within the ju-
risdiction of the manager; and 
‘‘(iv) a data management plan to en-
sure data, assessments, and accompanying 
information are appropriately preserved, 
curated, publicly accessible, and broadly re-
usable. 
‘‘(c) TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.—The Administrator 
and the Task Force shall make reasonable efforts to provide 
technical assistance upon request by a Federal reef manager 
or covered reef manager developing a coral reef action plan 
under this section. 
‘‘(d) PUBLICATION.—The Administrator shall publish 
each coral reef action plan prepared and submitted to the 
Task Force under this section on the public website of the 
Coral Reef Conservation Program of the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration. 
‘‘SEC. 206. CORAL REEF STEWARDSHIP PARTNERSHIPS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To further community-based stew-
ardship of coral reefs, coral reef stewardship partnerships 
for Federal and non-Federal coral reefs may be established 
in accordance with this section. 
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‘‘(b) STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES.—The Adminis-
trator shall develop and adopt— 
‘‘(1) standards for identifying individual coral 
reefs and ecologically significant units of coral reefs; 
and 
‘‘(2) processes for adjudicating multiple appli-
cants for stewardship of the same coral reef or eco-
logically significant unit of a reef to ensure no geo-
graphic overlap in representation among stewardship 
partnerships authorized by this section. 
‘‘(c) MEMBERSHIP FOR FEDERAL CORAL REEFS.—A 
coral reef stewardship partnership that has identified, as 
the subject of its stewardship activities, a coral reef or eco-
logically significant unit of a coral reef that is fully or par-
tially under the management jurisdiction of any Federal 
agency specified in section 203(c) shall, at a minimum, in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(1) That Federal agency, a representative of 
which shall serve as chairperson of the coral reef stew-
ardship partnership. 
‘‘(2) A State or county’s resource management 
agency to the extent that such partnership covers a 
reef within such States or county’s jurisdiction. 
‘‘(3) A coral reef research center designated 
under section 212(b). 
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‘‘(4) A nongovernmental organization. 
‘‘(5) A covered Native entity culturally affiliated 
with the subject reef or ecologically significant unit, 
if any. 
‘‘(6) Such other members as the partnership con-
siders appropriate, such as interested stakeholder 
groups and covered Native entities. 
‘‘(d) 
MEMBERSHIP
FOR
NON-FEDERAL
CORAL 
REEFS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—A coral reef stewardship 
partnership that has identified, as the subject of its 
stewardship activities, a coral reef or ecologically sig-
nificant component of a coral reef that is not under 
the management jurisdiction of any Federal agency 
specified in section 203(c) shall, at a minimum, in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(A) A State or county’s resource manage-
ment agency or a covered Native entity, a rep-
resentative of which shall serve as the chair-
person of the coral reef stewardship partnership. 
‘‘(B) A coral reef research center designated 
under section 212(b). 
‘‘(C) A nongovernmental organization. 
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‘‘(D) Such other members as the partner-
ship considers appropriate, such as interested 
stakeholder groups. 
‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL MEMBERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), a coral reef stewardship partnership 
described in paragraph (1) may also include 
representatives of one or more Federal agencies. 
‘‘(B) REQUESTS; APPROVAL.—A representa-
tive of a Federal agency described in subpara-
graph (A) may become a member of a coral reef 
stewardship partnership described in paragraph 
(1) if— 
‘‘(i) the representative submits a re-
quest to become a member to the chair-
person of the partnership referred to in 
paragraph (1)(A); and 
‘‘(ii) the chairperson consents to the re-
quest. 
‘‘(e) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL ADVISORY COM-
MITTEE ACT.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to coral reef stewardship part-
nerships under this section. 
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‘‘SEC. 207. BLOCK GRANTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In each fiscal year beginning in 
fiscal year 2023 and subject to the availability of appro-
priations, the Administrator shall provide block grants of 
financial assistance of not less than $500,000 to each cov-
ered State to support management and restoration activi-
ties and further the implementation of coral reef action 
plans in effect under section 205 by covered States and non- 
Federal coral reef stewardship partnerships in accordance 
with this section. The Administrator shall review each cov-
ered State’s application for block grant funding to ensure 
that applications are consistent with applicable action 
plans and the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy. 
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ADMINISTRATOR.— 
The Administrator is responsible for— 
‘‘(1) providing guidance on the proper docu-
mentation of expenditures authorized under this Act; 
‘‘(2) issuing annual solicitations to covered 
States for awards under this section; and 
‘‘(3) determining the appropriate allocation of 
additional amounts among covered States in accord-
ance with this section. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES OF COVERED STATES.—Each 
covered State is responsible for documenting and report-
ing— 
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‘‘(1) such State’s use of Federal funds received 
under this Act; and 
‘‘(2) such expenditures of non-Federal funds 
made in furtherance of coral reef management and 
restoration as the Administrator determines appro-
priate. 
‘‘(d) COOPERATIVE
AGREEMENTS.—Subject to the 
availability of appropriations, the Administrator may seek 
to enter into a cooperative agreement with a covered State 
to fund coral reef conservation and restoration activities in 
waters managed under the jurisdiction of such covered State 
that are consistent with the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy and any applicable action plan under section 205. 
‘‘(e) ALL ISLANDS COMMITTEE.—The Administrator 
may enter into a cooperative agreement with the All Islands 
Committee of the Task Force to provide support for its ac-
tivities. 
‘‘SEC. 208. CORAL REEF STEWARDSHIP FUND. 
‘‘(a) AGREEMENT.—The Administrator shall seek to 
enter into an agreement with the National Fish and Wild-
life Foundation (in this section referred to as the ‘Founda-
tion’), authorizing the Foundation to receive, hold, and ad-
minister funds received under this section. 
‘‘(b) FUND.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Foundation shall estab-
lish an account, which shall— 
‘‘(A) be known as the ‘Coral Reef Steward-
ship Fund’ (in this section referred to as the 
‘Fund’); and 
‘‘(B) serve as the successor to the account 
known before the date of the enactment of the 
James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2023 as the Coral Reef Con-
servation Fund and administered through a pub-
lic-private partnership with the Foundation. 
‘‘(2) DEPOSITS.—The Foundation shall deposit 
funds received under this section into the Fund. 
‘‘(3) PURPOSES.—The Fund shall be available 
solely to support coral reef stewardship activities 
that— 
‘‘(A) further the purposes of this title; and 
‘‘(B) are consistent with— 
‘‘(i) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy; and 
‘‘(ii) coral reef action plans in effect, if 
any, under section 205 covering a coral reef 
or ecologically significant component of a 
coral reef to be impacted by such activities, 
if applicable. 
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‘‘(4) INVESTMENT OF AMOUNTS.— 
‘‘(A) 
INVESTMENT
OF
AMOUNTS.—The 
Foundation shall invest such portion of the Fund 
as is not required to meet current withdrawals 
in interest-bearing obligations of the United 
States or in obligations guaranteed as to both 
principal and interest by the United States. 
‘‘(B) INTEREST AND PROCEEDS.—The inter-
est on, and the proceeds from the sale or redemp-
tion of, any obligations held in the Fund shall 
be credited to and form a part of the Fund. 
‘‘(5) REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE.—The Adminis-
trator shall conduct a continuing review of all depos-
its into, and disbursements from, the Fund. Each re-
view shall include a written assessment concerning 
the extent to which the Foundation has implemented 
the goals and requirements of— 
‘‘(A) this section; and 
‘‘(B) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION TO SOLICIT DONATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to an agreement 
entered into under subsection (a), the Foundation 
may accept, receive, solicit, hold, administer, and use 
any gift (including, notwithstanding section 1342 of 
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title 31, United States Code, donations of services) to 
further the purposes of this title. 
‘‘(2) DEPOSITS IN FUND.—Notwithstanding sec-
tion 3302 of title 31, United States Code, any funds 
received as a gift shall be deposited and maintained 
in the Fund. 
‘‘(d) ADMINISTRATION.—Under an agreement entered 
into pursuant to subsection (a), and subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, the Administrator may transfer 
funds appropriated for such purposes to carry out this title 
to the Foundation. Amounts received by the Foundation 
under this subsection may be used for matching, in whole 
or in part, contributions (whether in money, services, or 
property) made to the Foundation by private persons, State 
or local government agencies, or covered Native entities. 
‘‘SEC. 209. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, from funds appropriated pursuant to the au-
thorization of appropriations under section 215, the Ad-
ministrator may provide emergency assistance to any cov-
ered State or coral reef stewardship partnership to respond 
to immediate harm to coral reefs or coral reef ecosystems 
arising from any of the exigent circumstances described in 
subsection (b). 
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‘‘(b) CORAL REEF EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES.—The 
Administrator shall develop a list of, and criteria for, cir-
cumstances that pose an exigent threat to coral reefs, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(1) new and ongoing outbreaks of disease; 
‘‘(2) new and ongoing outbreaks of invasive or 
nuisance species; 
‘‘(3) new and ongoing coral bleaching events; 
‘‘(4) natural disasters; 
‘‘(5) industrial or mechanical incidents, such as 
vessel groundings, hazardous spills, or coastal con-
struction accidents; and 
‘‘(6) such other circumstances as the Adminis-
trator determines appropriate. 
‘‘(c) 
ANNUAL
REPORT
ON
EXIGENT
CIR-
CUMSTANCES.—On February 1 of each year, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report that— 
‘‘(1) 
describes 
locations 
with 
exigent 
cir-
cumstances described in subsection (b) that were con-
sidered but declined for emergency assistance, and the 
rationale for the decision; and 
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‘‘(2) with respect to each instance in which emer-
gency assistance under this section was provided— 
‘‘(A) the location and a description of the 
exigent circumstances that prompted the emer-
gency assistance, the entity that received the as-
sistance, and the current and expected outcomes 
from the assistance; 
‘‘(B) a description of activities of the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
that were curtailed as a result of providing the 
emergency assistance; and 
‘‘(C) an assessment of whether further ac-
tion is needed to restore the affected coral reef, 
recommendations for such restoration, and a cost 
estimate to implement such recommendations. 
‘‘SEC. 210. CORAL REEF DISASTER FUND. 
‘‘(a) AGREEMENTS.—The Administrator shall seek to 
enter into an agreement with the National Fish and Wild-
life Foundation (in this section referred to as the ‘Founda-
tion’), authorizing the Foundation to receive, hold, and ad-
minister funds received under this section. 
‘‘(b) FUND.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Foundation shall estab-
lish an account, to be known as the ‘Coral Reef Dis-
aster Fund’ (in this section referred to as the ‘Fund’). 
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‘‘(2) DEPOSITS.—The Foundation shall deposit 
funds received under this section into the Fund. 
‘‘(3) PURPOSES.—The Fund shall be available 
solely to support the long-term recovery of coral reefs 
from exigent circumstances described in section 
209(b)— 
‘‘(A) in partnership with non-Federal stake-
holders; and 
‘‘(B) in a manner that is consistent with— 
‘‘(i) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy; and 
‘‘(ii) coral reef action plans in effect, if 
any, under section 205. 
‘‘(4) INVESTMENT OF AMOUNTS.— 
‘‘(A) 
INVESTMENT
OF
AMOUNTS.—The 
Foundation shall invest such portion of the Fund 
as is not required to meet current withdrawals 
in interest-bearing obligations of the United 
States or in obligations guaranteed as to both 
principal and interest by the United States. 
‘‘(B) INTEREST AND PROCEEDS.—The inter-
est on, and the proceeds from, the sale or re-
demption of, any obligations held in the Fund 
shall be credited to and form a part of the Fund. 
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‘‘(5) REVIEW OF PERFORMANCE.—The Adminis-
trator shall conduct continuing reviews of all deposits 
into, and disbursements from, the Fund. Each such 
review shall include a written assessment concerning 
the extent to which the Foundation has implemented 
the goals and requirements of this section. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION TO SOLICIT DONATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to an agreement 
entered into under subsection (a), the Foundation 
may accept, receive, solicit, hold, administer, and use 
any gift (including, notwithstanding section 1342 of 
title 31, United States Code, donations of services) to 
further the purposes of this title. 
‘‘(2) DEPOSITS IN FUND.—Notwithstanding sec-
tion 3302 of title 31, United States Code, any funds 
received as a gift shall be deposited and maintained 
in the Fund. 
‘‘SEC. 211. RUTH D. GATES CORAL REEF CONSERVATION 
GRANT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations, the Administrator shall establish a program 
(to be known as the ‘Ruth D. Gates Coral Reef Conservation 
Grant Program’) to provide grants for projects for the con-
servation and restoration of coral reef ecosystems (in this 
section referred to as ‘coral reef projects’) pursuant to pro-
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3734 
posals approved by the Administrator in accordance with 
this section. 
‘‘(b) MATCHING REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (3), Federal funds for any coral reef project for 
which a grant is provided under subsection (a) may 
not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project. 
‘‘(2) NON-FEDERAL
SHARE.—The non-Federal 
share of the cost of a coral reef project may be pro-
vided by in-kind contributions and other noncash 
support. 
‘‘(3) WAIVER.—The Administrator may waive 
all or part of the matching requirement under para-
graph (1) if the Administrator determines that no 
reasonable means are available through which an ap-
plicant can meet the matching requirement with re-
spect to a coral reef project and the probable benefit 
of the project outweighs the public interest in the 
matching requirement. 
‘‘(c) ELIGIBILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An entity described in para-
graph (2) may submit to the Administrator a pro-
posal for a coral reef project. 
‘‘(2) ENTITIES DESCRIBED.—An entity described 
in this paragraph is— 
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‘‘(A) a covered reef manager or a covered 
Native entity; 
‘‘(B) a regional fishery management council 
established under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery 
Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 
1801 et seq.); 
‘‘(C) a coral reef stewardship partnership 
seeking to implement a coral reef action plan in 
effect under section 205; 
‘‘(D) a coral reef research center designated 
under section 212(b); or 
‘‘(E) a nongovernmental organization or re-
search institution with demonstrated expertise in 
the conservation or restoration of coral reefs in 
practice or through significant contributions to 
the body of existing scientific research on coral 
reefs. 
‘‘(d) PROJECT PROPOSALS.—Each proposal for a 
grant under this section for a coral reef project shall include 
the following: 
‘‘(1) The name of the individual or entity re-
sponsible for conducting the project. 
‘‘(2) A description of the qualifications of the in-
dividual or entity. 
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‘‘(3) A succinct statement of the purposes of the 
project. 
‘‘(4) An estimate of the funds and time required 
to complete the project. 
‘‘(5) Evidence of support for the project by ap-
propriate representatives of States or other govern-
ment jurisdictions in which the project will be con-
ducted. 
‘‘(6) Information regarding the source and 
amount of matching funding available to the appli-
cant. 
‘‘(7) A description of how the project meets one 
or more of the criteria under subsection (e)(2). 
‘‘(8) In the case of a proposal submitted by a 
coral reef stewardship partnership, a description of 
how the project aligns with the applicable coral reef 
action plan in effect under section 205. 
‘‘(9) Any other information the Administrator 
considers to be necessary for evaluating the eligibility 
of the project for a grant under this subsection. 
‘‘(e) PROJECT REVIEW AND APPROVAL.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall re-
view each coral reef project proposal submitted under 
this section to determine if the project meets the cri-
teria set forth in subsection (f). 
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‘‘(2) 
PRIORITIZATION
OF
CONSERVATION 
PROJECTS.—The Administrator shall prioritize the 
awarding of funding for projects that meet the cri-
teria for approval described in— 
‘‘(A) subparagraphs (A) through (G) of sub-
section (f)(2) that are proposed to be conducted 
within priority areas identified for coral reef 
conservation by the Administrator under the Na-
tional Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and 
‘‘(B) subparagraphs (E) through (L) of sub-
section (f)(2) that are proposed to be conducted 
within priority areas identified for coral reef 
restoration by the Administrator under the Na-
tional Coral Reef Resilience Strategy. 
‘‘(3) REVIEW; APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL.—Not 
later than 180 days after receiving a proposal for a 
coral reef project under this section, the Adminis-
trator shall— 
‘‘(A) request and consider written comments 
on the proposal from each Federal agency, State 
government, covered Native entity, or other gov-
ernment jurisdiction, including the relevant re-
gional fishery management councils established 
under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conserva-
tion and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et 
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3738 
seq.), or any National Marine Sanctuary or Ma-
rine National Monument, with jurisdiction or 
management authority over coral reef ecosystems 
in the area where the project is to be conducted, 
including the extent to which the project is con-
sistent with locally established priorities, unless 
such entities were directly involved in the devel-
opment of the project proposal; 
‘‘(B) provide for the merit-based peer review 
of the proposal and require standardized docu-
mentation of that peer review; 
‘‘(C) after considering any written com-
ments and recommendations based on the reviews 
under subparagraphs (A) and (B), approve or 
disapprove the proposal; and 
‘‘(D) provide written notification of that 
approval or disapproval, with summaries of all 
written comments, recommendations, and peer 
reviews, to the entity that submitted the pro-
posal, and each of those States, covered Native 
entity, and other government jurisdictions that 
provided comments under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(f) CRITERIA FOR APPROVAL.—The Administrator 
may not approve a proposal for a coral reef project under 
this section unless the project— 
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‘‘(1) is consistent with— 
‘‘(A) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy; and 
‘‘(B) any Federal or non-Federal coral reef 
action plans in effect under section 205 covering 
a coral reef or ecologically significant unit of a 
coral reef to be affected by the project; and 
‘‘(2) will enhance the conservation and restora-
tion of coral reefs by— 
‘‘(A) addressing conflicts arising from the 
use of environments near coral reefs or from the 
use of corals, species associated with coral reefs, 
and coral products, including supporting con-
sensus-driven and community-based planning 
and management initiatives for the protection of 
coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(B) improving compliance with laws that 
prohibit or regulate the taking of coral products 
or species associated with coral reefs or regulate 
the use and management of coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(C) designing and implementing networks 
of real-time water quality monitoring along 
coral reefs, including data collection related to 
turbidity, nutrient availability, harmful algal 
blooms, and plankton assemblages, with an em-
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phasis on coral reefs impacted by agriculture 
and urban development; 
‘‘(D) promoting ecologically sound naviga-
tion and anchorages, including mooring buoy 
systems to promote enhanced recreational access, 
near coral reefs; 
‘‘(E) furthering the goals and objectives of 
coral reef action plans in effect under section 
205; 
‘‘(F) mapping the location and distribution 
of coral reefs and potential coral reef habitat; 
‘‘(G) stimulating innovation to advance the 
ability of the United States to understand, re-
search, or monitor coral reef ecosystems, or to de-
velop management or adaptation options to con-
serve and restore coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(H) implementing research to ensure the 
population viability of coral species in United 
States waters listed as threatened or endangered 
under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 as de-
tailed in the population-based recovery criteria 
included in species-specific recovery plans estab-
lished under such Act; 
‘‘(I) developing and implementing cost-effec-
tive methods to restore degraded coral reef eco-
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systems or to create geographically appropriate 
coral reef ecosystems in suitable waters, includ-
ing by improving habitat or promoting success of 
keystone species, with an emphasis on novel res-
toration strategies and techniques to advance 
coral reef recovery and growth near population 
centers threatened by rising sea levels and storm 
surge; 
‘‘(J) translating and applying coral genet-
ics research to coral reef ecosystem restoration, 
including research related to traits that promote 
resilience to increasing ocean temperatures, 
changing ocean chemistry, coral bleaching, coral 
diseases, and invasive species; 
‘‘(K) developing and maintaining in situ 
native coral propagation sites; or 
‘‘(L) developing and maintaining ex situ 
coral propagation nurseries and land-based coral 
gene banks to— 
‘‘(i) conserve or augment genetic diver-
sity of native coral populations; 
‘‘(ii) support captive breeding of rare 
coral species; or 
‘‘(iii) enhance resilience of native coral 
populations to increasing ocean tempera-
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tures, changing ocean chemistry, coral 
bleaching, and coral diseases through selec-
tive breeding, conditioning, or other ap-
proaches that target genes, gene expression, 
phenotypic traits, or phenotypic plasticity. 
‘‘(g) FUNDING REQUIREMENTS.—To the extent prac-
ticable based upon proposals for coral reef projects sub-
mitted to the Administrator, the Administrator shall ensure 
that funding for grants awarded under this section during 
a fiscal year is distributed as follows: 
‘‘(1) Not less than 40 percent of funds available 
shall be awarded for projects in areas of the Pacific 
Ocean subject to the jurisdiction or control of the 
United States. 
‘‘(2) Not less than 40 percent of the funds avail-
able shall be awarded for projects in areas of the At-
lantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Caribbean 
Sea subject to the jurisdiction or control of the United 
States. 
‘‘(3) To the extent there are viable applications 
made by eligible coral reef stewardship partners, not 
more than 67 percent of funds distributed in each re-
gion in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) may 
be made exclusively available to projects that are— 
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3743 
‘‘(A) submitted by a coral reef stewardship 
partnership; and 
‘‘(B) consistent with the coral reef action 
plan in effect under section 205 by such a part-
nership. 
‘‘(4) Of the funds distributed to support projects 
in accordance with paragraph (3), not less than 20 
percent and not more than 33 percent shall be award-
ed for projects submitted by a Federal coral reef stew-
ardship partnership, to the extent there are viable ap-
plications made by eligible Federal coral reef steward-
ship partnerships. 
‘‘(h) TASK FORCE.—The Administrator may consult 
with the Secretary of the Interior and the Task Force to 
obtain guidance in establishing priorities and evaluating 
proposals for coral reef projects under this section. 
‘‘SEC. 212. CORAL REEF RESEARCH. 
‘‘(a) REEF RESEARCH COORDINATION INSTITUTES.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 
designate 2 reef research coordination institutes for 
the purpose of advancing and sustaining essential ca-
pabilities in coral reef research, one each in the At-
lantic and Pacific basins, to be known as the ‘Atlan-
tic Reef Research Coordination Institute’ and the ‘Pa-
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cific Reef Research Coordination Institute’, respec-
tively. 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—Each institute designated 
under paragraph (1) shall be housed within a single 
coral reef research center designated by the Adminis-
trator under subsection (b). 
‘‘(3) 
FUNCTIONS.—The 
institutes 
designated 
under paragraph (1) shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct federally directed research to 
fill national and regional coral reef ecosystem re-
search gaps and improve understanding of, and 
responses to, continuing and emerging threats to 
the resilience of United States coral reef eco-
systems consistent with the National Coral Reef 
Resilience Strategy; 
‘‘(B) support ecological research and moni-
toring to study the effects of conservation and 
restoration activities funded by this title on pro-
moting more effective coral reef management and 
restoration; and 
‘‘(C) through agreements— 
‘‘(i) collaborate directly with States, 
covered Native entities, covered coral reef 
managers, nonprofit organizations, and 
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other coral reef research centers designated 
under subsection (b); 
‘‘(ii) assist in the development and im-
plementation of— 
‘‘(I) the National Coral Reef Re-
silience Strategy; and 
‘‘(II) coral reef action plans under 
section 205; 
‘‘(iii) build capacity within non-Fed-
eral governmental resource management 
agencies to establish research priorities and 
translate and apply research findings to 
management and restoration practices; and 
‘‘(iv) conduct public education and 
awareness programs for policymakers, re-
source managers, and the general public 
on— 
‘‘(I) coral reefs and coral reef eco-
systems; 
‘‘(II) best practices for coral reef 
ecosystem management and restora-
tion; 
‘‘(III) the value of coral reefs; and 
‘‘(IV) the threats to the sustain-
ability of coral reef ecosystems. 
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‘‘(b) CORAL REEF RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall— 
‘‘(A) periodically solicit applications for 
designation of qualifying institutions in covered 
States as coral reef research centers; and 
‘‘(B) designate all qualifying institutions in 
covered States as coral reef research centers. 
‘‘(2) QUALIFYING INSTITUTIONS.—For purposes 
of paragraph (1), an institution is a qualifying insti-
tution if the Administrator determines that the insti-
tution— 
‘‘(A) is operated by an institution of higher 
education or nonprofit marine research organi-
zation; 
‘‘(B) has established management-driven 
national or regional coral reef research or res-
toration programs; 
‘‘(C) has demonstrated abilities to coordi-
nate closely with appropriate Federal and State 
agencies, and other academic and nonprofit or-
ganizations; and 
‘‘(D) maintains significant local commu-
nity engagement and outreach programs related 
to coral reef ecosystems. 
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‘‘SEC. 213. CORAL REEF PRIZE COMPETITIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations, the head of any Federal agency with a rep-
resentative serving on the United States Coral Reef Task 
Force established by section 10011 of the James M. Inhofe 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, 
may, individually or in cooperation with one or more agen-
cies, carry out a program to award prizes competitively 
under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Inno-
vation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719). 
‘‘(b) PURPOSES.—Any program carried out under this 
section shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation 
to advance the ability of the United States to understand, 
research, or monitor coral reef ecosystems, or to develop 
management or adaptation options to preserve, sustain, 
and restore coral reef ecosystems. 
‘‘(c) PRIORITY PROGRAMS.—Priority shall be given to 
establishing programs under this section that address com-
munities, environments, or industries that are in distress 
as a result of the decline or degradation of coral reef eco-
systems, including— 
‘‘(1) scientific research and monitoring that fur-
thers the understanding of causes behind coral reef de-
cline and degradation and the generally slow recovery 
following disturbances, including changing ocean 
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chemistry, temperature-related bleaching, disease, and 
their associated impacts on coral physiology; 
‘‘(2) the development of monitoring or manage-
ment options for communities or industries that are 
experiencing significant financial hardship; 
‘‘(3) the development of adaptation options to al-
leviate economic harm and job loss caused by damage 
to coral reef ecosystems; 
‘‘(4) the development of measures to help vulner-
able communities or industries, with an emphasis on 
rural communities and businesses; and 
‘‘(5) the development of adaptation and manage-
ment options for impacted tourism industries. 
‘‘SEC. 214. REPORTS ON ADMINISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of the James M. Inhofe National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, and every 2 
years thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the com-
mittees specified in subsection (b) a report on the adminis-
tration of this title during the 2-year period preceding sub-
mission of the report, including— 
‘‘(1) a description of all activities undertaken to 
implement the National Coral Reef Resilience Strat-
egy; 
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‘‘(2) a statement of all funds obligated under the 
authorities of this title; and 
‘‘(3) a summary, disaggregated by State, of Fed-
eral and non-Federal contributions toward the costs of 
each project or activity funded, in full or in part, 
under this title. 
‘‘(b) COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The committees speci-
fied in this subsection are— 
‘‘(1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, Committee on Environment and 
Public Works, Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; and 
‘‘(2) the Committee on Natural Resources and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives. 
‘‘SEC. 215. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Administrator $45,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this title which shall 
remain available until expended. Of such amounts, there 
is authorized to be appropriated for each such fiscal year— 
‘‘(1) $12,000,000 to carry out section 207; 
‘‘(2) $3,500,000 for activities authorized under 
section 211; and 
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‘‘(3) $4,500,000 to be provided to the cooperative 
institutes designated under section 212(a) to carry 
out the functions described in such section. 
‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATION.—Not more than 10 percent of 
the amounts appropriated under subsection (a) may be used 
for program administration or overhead costs incurred by 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or 
the Department of Commerce. 
‘‘SEC. 216. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘In this title: 
‘‘(1) 
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
term 
‘Adminis-
trator’ means the Administrator of the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration. 
‘‘(2) ALASKA NATIVE CORPORATION.—The term 
‘Alaska Native Corporation’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘Native Corporation’ in section 3 of the Alas-
ka Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602). 
‘‘(3) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’ means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Natural Resources of the House of Representatives. 
‘‘(4) CONSERVATION.—The term ‘conservation’ 
means the use of methods and procedures necessary to 
preserve or sustain native corals and associated spe-
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cies as diverse, viable, and self-perpetuating coral reef 
ecosystems with minimal impacts from invasive spe-
cies, including— 
‘‘(A) all activities associated with resource 
management, such as monitoring, assessment, 
protection, restoration, sustainable use, manage-
ment of habitat, and maintenance or augmenta-
tion of genetic diversity; 
‘‘(B) mapping; 
‘‘(C) scientific expertise and technical as-
sistance in the development and implementation 
of management strategies for marine protected 
areas and marine resources required by Federal 
law; 
‘‘(D) law enforcement; 
‘‘(E) conflict resolution initiatives; 
‘‘(F) community outreach and education; 
and 
‘‘(G) promotion of safe and ecologically 
sound navigation and anchoring. 
‘‘(5) CORAL.—The term ‘coral’ means species of 
the phylum Cnidaria, including— 
‘‘(A) all species of the orders Antipatharia 
(black 
corals), 
Scleractinia 
(stony 
corals), 
Alcyonacea (soft corals, organ pipe corals, 
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gorgonians), and Helioporacea (blue coral), of 
the class Anthozoa; and 
‘‘(B) all species of the order Anthoathecata 
(fire corals and other hydrocorals) of the class 
Hydrozoa. 
‘‘(6) CORAL PRODUCTS.—The term ‘coral prod-
ucts’ means any living or dead specimens, parts, or 
derivatives, or any product containing specimens, 
parts, or derivatives, of any species of coral. 
‘‘(7) CORAL REEF.—The term ‘coral reef’ means 
calcium carbonate structures in the form of a reef or 
shoal, composed in whole or in part by living coral, 
skeletal remains of coral, crustose coralline algae, and 
other associated sessile marine plants and animals. 
‘‘(8) CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM.—The term ‘coral 
reef ecosystem’ means— 
‘‘(A) corals and other geographically and 
ecologically associated marine communities of 
other reef organisms (including reef plants and 
animals) associated with coral reef habitat; and 
‘‘(B) the biotic and abiotic factors and proc-
esses that control or significantly affect coral cal-
cification rates, tissue growth, reproduction, re-
cruitment, abundance, coral-algal symbiosis, and 
biodiversity in such habitat. 
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‘‘(9) CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES.—The 
term ‘coral reef ecosystem services’ means the at-
tributes and benefits provided by coral reef ecosystems 
including— 
‘‘(A) protection of coastal beaches, struc-
tures, and infrastructure; 
‘‘(B) habitat for organisms of economic, eco-
logical, biomedical, medicinal, and cultural 
value; 
‘‘(C) serving as centers for the promulga-
tion, performance, and training of cultural prac-
tices representative of traditional ecological 
knowledge; and 
‘‘(D) aesthetic value. 
‘‘(10) COVERED NATIVE ENTITY.—The term ‘cov-
ered Native entity’ means a Native entity with inter-
ests in a coral reef ecosystem. 
‘‘(11) COVERED REEF MANAGER.—The term ‘cov-
ered reef manager’ means— 
‘‘(A) a management unit of a covered State 
with jurisdiction over a coral reef ecosystem; 
‘‘(B) a covered State; or 
‘‘(C) a coral reef stewardship partnership 
under section 206. 
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‘‘(12) COVERED
STATE.—The term ‘covered 
State’ means Florida, Hawaii, and the territories of 
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the United 
States Virgin Islands. 
‘‘(13) FEDERAL REEF MANAGER.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘Federal reef 
manager’ means— 
‘‘(i) a management unit of a Federal 
agency specified in subparagraph (B) with 
lead management jurisdiction over a coral 
reef ecosystem; or 
‘‘(ii) a coral reef stewardship partner-
ship under section 206(c). 
‘‘(B) FEDERAL
AGENCIES
SPECIFIED.—A 
Federal agency specified in this subparagraph is 
one of the following: 
‘‘(i) The National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration. 
‘‘(ii) The National Park Service. 
‘‘(iii) The United States Fish and 
Wildlife Service. 
‘‘(iv) The Office of Insular Affairs. 
‘‘(14) INSTITUTION
OF
HIGHER
EDUCATION.— 
The term ‘institution of higher education’ has the 
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meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
‘‘(15) INTERESTED
STAKEHOLDER
GROUPS.— 
The term ‘interested stakeholder groups’ means any of 
the following with interest in an applicable coral reef 
or ecologically significant unit of a coral reef: 
‘‘(A) A business. 
‘‘(B) A commercial or recreational fisher-
man. 
‘‘(C) A recreationalist. 
‘‘(D) A Federal, State, Tribal, or local gov-
ernment unit with related jurisdiction. 
‘‘(E) An institution of higher education (as 
such term is defined in section 101(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1001(a)). 
‘‘(F) A nongovernmental organization. 
‘‘(16) 
NATIONAL
CORAL
REEF
RESILIENCE 
STRATEGY.—The term ‘National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy’ means the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy in effect under section 204. 
‘‘(17) NATIVE ENTITY.—The term ‘Native entity’ 
means any of the following: 
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‘‘(A) An Indian Tribe (as defined in section 
4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)). 
‘‘(B) An Alaska Native Corporation. 
‘‘(C) The Department of Hawaiian Home 
Lands. 
‘‘(D) The Office of Hawaiian Affairs. 
‘‘(E) A Native Hawaiian organization (as 
defined in section 6207 of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
7517)). 
‘‘(18) NONPROFIT
ORGANIZATION.—The term 
‘nonprofit organization’ means any corporation, 
trust, association, cooperative, or other organization, 
not including an institution of higher education, 
that— 
‘‘(A) is operated primarily for scientific, 
educational, service, charitable, or similar pur-
poses in the public interest; 
‘‘(B) is not organized primarily for profit; 
and 
‘‘(C) uses net proceeds to maintain, im-
prove, or expand the operations of the organiza-
tion. 
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‘‘(19) RESTORATION.—The term ‘restoration’ 
means the use of methods and procedures necessary to 
enhance, rehabilitate, recreate, or create a functioning 
coral reef or coral reef ecosystem, in whole or in part, 
within suitable waters of the historical geographic 
range of such ecosystems, to provide ecological, eco-
nomic, cultural, or coastal resiliency services associ-
ated with healthy coral reefs and benefit native popu-
lations of coral reef organisms. 
‘‘(20) RESILIENCE.—The term ‘resilience’ means 
the capacity for corals within their native range, 
coral reefs, or coral reef ecosystems to resist and re-
cover from natural and human disturbances, and 
maintain structure and function to provide coral reef 
ecosystem services, as determined by clearly identifi-
able, measurable, and science-based standards. 
‘‘(21) SECRETARY.—The term ‘Secretary’ means 
the Secretary of Commerce. 
‘‘(22) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means— 
‘‘(A) any State of the United States that 
contains a coral reef ecosystem within its sea-
ward boundaries; 
‘‘(B) American Samoa, the Commonwealth 
of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto 
Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands; or 
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‘‘(C) any other territory or possession of the 
United States or separate sovereign in free asso-
ciation with the United States that contains a 
coral reef ecosystem within its seaward bound-
aries. 
‘‘(23) STEWARDSHIP.—The term ‘stewardship’, 
with respect to a coral reef, includes conservation, res-
toration, and public outreach and education. 
‘‘(24) TASK
FORCE.—The term ‘Task Force’ 
means the United States Coral Reef Task Force estab-
lished under section 10011 of the James M. Inhofe 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2023.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO NATIONAL OCEANS 
AND COASTAL SECURITY ACT.—Section 905(a) of the Na-
tional Oceans and Coastal Security Act (16 U.S.C. 
7504(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘and coastal infrastruc-
ture’’ and inserting ‘‘, coastal infrastructure, and ecosystem 
services provided by natural systems such as coral reefs’’. 
(c) COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW OF CORAL REEF 
CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
AT
THE NATIONAL OCEANIC 
AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION.—The Comptroller 
General of the United States shall, not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to Con-
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gress and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration a report that— 
(1) examines the budget and accounting prac-
tices of the coral reef conservation programs of such 
Administration, 
including 
expenditure 
tracking 
across line and program offices; 
(2) examines the process for determining appro-
priate project goals and funding priorities; and 
(3) includes recommendations on policies or best 
practices that may improve the transparency and ac-
countability of coral reef conservation programs. 
(d) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—None of the amendments made 
by or provisions of this title may be construed to enlarge 
the management authority of a Federal agency or coral reef 
stewardship partnership to coral reefs and coral reef eco-
systems outside the boundaries of such agency’s or partner-
ship’s jurisdiction. 
Subtitle B—United States Coral 
Reef Task Force 
SEC. 10011. ESTABLISHMENT. 
There is established a task force to lead, coordinate, 
and strengthen Federal Government actions to better pre-
serve, conserve, and restore coral reef ecosystems, to be 
known as the ‘‘United States Coral Reef Task Force’’ (in 
this subtitle referred to as the ‘‘Task Force’’). 
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SEC. 10012. DUTIES. 
The duties of the Task Force shall be— 
(1) to coordinate, in cooperation with covered 
States, covered Native entities, Federal reef managers, 
covered reef managers, coral reef research centers des-
ignated under section 212(b) of the Coral Reef Con-
servation Act of 2000 (as added by this division), and 
other nongovernmental and academic partners as ap-
propriate, activities regarding the mapping, moni-
toring, research, conservation, mitigation, and res-
toration of coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems; 
(2) to monitor and advise regarding implemen-
tation of the policy and Federal agency responsibil-
ities set forth in— 
(A) Executive Order 13089 (63 Fed. Reg. 
32701; relating to coral reef protection); and 
(B) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy; 
(3) to work in coordination with the other mem-
bers of the Task Force— 
(A) to assess the United States role in inter-
national trade and protection of coral species; 
(B) to encourage implementation of appro-
priate strategies and actions to promote con-
servation and sustainable use of coral reef re-
sources worldwide; and 
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(C) to collaborate with international com-
munities successful in managing coral reefs; 
(4) to provide technical assistance for the devel-
opment and implementation, as appropriate, of— 
(A) the National Coral Reef Resilience 
Strategy; and 
(B) coral reef action plans under section 
205 of that Act; and 
(5) to produce a report each year, for submission 
to the appropriate congressional committees and pub-
lication on the public website of the Task Force, high-
lighting the status of the coral reef resources of a cov-
ered State on a rotating basis, including— 
(A) a summary of recent coral reef manage-
ment and restoration activities undertaken in 
that State; and 
(B) updated estimates of the direct and in-
direct economic activity supported by, and other 
benefits associated with, those coral reef re-
sources. 
SEC. 10013. MEMBERSHIP. 
(a) VOTING MEMBERSHIP.—The voting members of the 
Task Force shall be— 
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(1) the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans 
and Atmosphere and the Secretary of Interior, who 
shall be co-chairpersons of the Task Force; 
(2) such representatives from other Federal agen-
cies as the President, in consultation with the Under 
Secretary, determines appropriate; and 
(3) the Governor, or a representative of the Gov-
ernor, of each covered State. 
(b) NONVOTING MEMBERS.—The Task Force shall have 
the following nonvoting members: 
(1) A member of the South Atlantic Fishery 
Management Council who is designated by the Gov-
ernor of Florida under section 302(b)(1) of the Mag-
nuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management 
Act (16 U.S.C. 1852(b)(1)). 
(2) A member of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery 
Management Council who is designated by the Gov-
ernor of Florida under such section. 
(3) A member of the Western Pacific Fishery 
Management Council who is designated under such 
section and selected as follows: 
(A) For the period beginning on the date of 
the enactment of this Act and ending on Decem-
ber 31 of the calendar year during which such 
date of enactment occurs, the member shall be se-
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lected jointly by the Governors of Hawaii, Amer-
ican Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
(B) For each calendar year thereafter, the 
Governors of Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, 
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands shall, on a rotating basis, take turns se-
lecting the member. 
(4) A member of the Caribbean Fishery Manage-
ment Council who is designated under such section 
and selected as follows: 
(A) For the period beginning on the date of 
the enactment of this Act and ending on Decem-
ber 31 of the calendar year during which such 
date of enactment occurs, the member shall be se-
lected jointly by the Governors of Puerto Rico 
and the United States Virgin Islands. 
(B) For each calendar year thereafter, the 
Governors of Puerto Rico and the United States 
Virgin Islands shall, on an alternating basis, 
take turns selecting the member. 
(5) A member appointed by the President of the 
Federated States of Micronesia. 
(6) A member appointed by the President of the 
Republic of the Marshall Islands. 
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(7) A member appointed by the President of the 
Republic of Palau. 
SEC. 10014. RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL AGENCY MEM-
BERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—A member of the Task Force de-
scribed in section 10013(a) shall— 
(1) identify the actions of the agency that mem-
ber represents that may affect coral reef ecosystems; 
(2) use the programs and authorities of that 
agency to protect and enhance the conditions of such 
ecosystems, including through the promotion of basic 
and applied scientific research; 
(3) collaborate with the Task Force to appro-
priately reflect budgetary needs for coral reef con-
servation and restoration activities in all agency 
budget planning and justification documents and 
processes; and 
(4) engage in any other coordinated efforts ap-
proved by the Task Force. 
(b) CO-CHAIRPERSONS.—In addition to their respon-
sibilities under subsection (a), the co-chairpersons of the 
Task Force shall perform the administrative functions of 
the Task Force and facilitate the coordination of the mem-
bers of the Task Force described in section 10013(a). 
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(c) BRIEFING.—Not less than 30 days before each meet-
ing of the Task Force, the program offices of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration responsible for 
implementing this title shall provide a briefing to the rel-
evant congressional committees on efforts and spending as-
sociated with such implementation. 
SEC. 10015. WORKING GROUPS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The co-chairpersons of the Task 
Force may establish working groups as necessary to meet 
the goals and carry out the duties of the Task Force. 
(b) REQUESTS FROM MEMBERS.—The members of the 
Task Force may request that the co-chairpersons establish 
a working group under subsection (a). 
(c) PARTICIPATION BY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—The co-chairpersons may allow nongovernmental 
organizations as appropriate, including academic institu-
tions, conservation groups, and commercial and rec-
reational fishing associations, to participate in a working 
group established under subsection (a). 
(d) NONAPPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL ADVISORY COM-
MITTEE ACT.—The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to working groups established 
under this section. 
SEC. 10016. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
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(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Environment and 
Public Works of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate; and 
(D) the Committee on Natural Resources of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) CONSERVATION, CORAL, CORAL REEF, ETC.— 
The terms ‘‘conservation’’, ‘‘coral’’, ‘‘coral reef’’, 
‘‘coral reef ecosystem’’, ‘‘covered reef manager’’, ‘‘cov-
ered State’’, ‘‘Federal reef manager’’, ‘‘National Coral 
Reef Resilience Strategy’’, ‘‘restoration’’, ‘‘resilience’’, 
and ‘‘State’’ have the meanings given those terms in 
section 216 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 
2000, as added by this division. 
Subtitle C—Department of the 
Interior Coral Reef Authorities 
SEC. 10021. CORAL REEF CONSERVATION AND RESTORA-
TION ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Interior may 
provide scientific expertise and technical assistance, and 
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subject to the availability of appropriations, financial as-
sistance for the conservation and restoration of coral reefs 
consistent with all applicable laws governing resource man-
agement in Federal, State, and Tribal waters, including— 
(1) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; 
and 
(2) coral reef action plans in effect under section 
205 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as 
added by this division, as applicable. 
(b) CORAL REEF INITIATIVE.—The Secretary may es-
tablish a Coral Reef Initiative Program— 
(1) to provide grant funding to support local 
management, conservation, and protection of coral 
reef ecosystems in— 
(A) coastal areas of covered States; and 
(B) Freely Associated States; 
(2) to enhance resource availability of National 
Park Service and National Wildlife Refuge System 
management units to implement coral reef conserva-
tion and restoration activities; 
(3) to complement the other conservation and as-
sistance activities conducted under this Act or the 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as amended by 
section 10001; and 
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(4) to provide other technical, scientific, and fi-
nancial assistance and conduct conservation and res-
toration activities that advance the purposes of this 
title and the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as 
amended by this division. 
(c) CONSULTATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF COM-
MERCE.— 
(1) CORAL REEF CONSERVATION AND RESTORA-
TION ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary of the Interior may 
consult with the Secretary of Commerce regarding the 
conduct of any activities to conserve and restore coral 
reefs and coral reef ecosystems in waters managed 
under the jurisdiction of the Federal agencies speci-
fied in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 203(c) of the 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as added by this 
division. 
(2) AWARD OF CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT FEL-
LOWSHIP.—The Secretary of the Interior shall consult 
with the Secretary of Commerce to award the Susan 
L. Williams Coral Reef Management Fellowship 
under subtitle D. 
(d) COOPERATIVE
AGREEMENTS.—Subject to the 
availability of appropriations, the Secretary of the Interior 
may enter into cooperative agreements with covered reef 
managers to fund coral reef conservation and restoration 
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activities in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such 
managers that— 
(1) are consistent with the National Coral Reef 
Resilience Strategy; and 
(2) support and enhance the success of coral reef 
action plans in effect under section 205 of the Coral 
Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as added by this divi-
sion. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CONSERVATION, CORAL, CORAL REEF, ETC.— 
The terms ‘‘conservation’’, ‘‘coral reef’’, ‘‘covered reef 
manager’’, ‘‘covered State’’, ‘‘National Coral Reef Re-
silience Strategy’’, ‘‘restoration’’, and ‘‘State’’ have 
the meanings given those terms in section 216 of the 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as added by this 
division. 
(2) TRIBE; TRIBAL.—The terms ‘‘Tribe’’ and 
‘‘Tribal’’ refer to Indian Tribes (as defined in section 
102 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act 
of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5130)). 
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Subtitle D—Susan L. Williams Na-
tional Coral Reef Management 
Fellowship 
SEC. 10031. SUSAN L. WILLIAMS NATIONAL CORAL REEF 
MANAGEMENT FELLOWSHIP. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ALASKA
NATIVE
CORPORATION.—The term 
‘‘Alaska Native Corporation’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘Native Corporation’’ in section 3 of the 
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
1602). 
(2) FELLOW.—The term ‘‘fellow’’ means a Na-
tional Coral Reef Management Fellow. 
(3) FELLOWSHIP.—The term ‘‘fellowship’’ means 
the National Coral Reef Management Fellowship es-
tablished in subsection (c). 
(4) COVERED NATIVE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘cov-
ered Native entity’’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 216 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 
2000, as added by this division. 
(5) COVERED STATE.—The term ‘‘covered State’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 216 of the 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as added by this 
division. 
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(6) NATIVE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘Native entity’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 216 of the 
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as added by this 
division. 
(7) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Commerce. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—There is established a Na-
tional Coral Reef Management Fellowship Program. 
(2) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the fellowship 
are— 
(A) to encourage future leaders of the 
United States to develop additional coral reef 
management capacity in States and local com-
munities with coral reefs; 
(B) to provide management agencies of cov-
ered States and covered Native entities with 
highly qualified candidates whose education and 
work experience meet the specific needs of each 
covered State or covered Native entity; and 
(C) to provide fellows with professional ex-
perience in management of coastal and coral reef 
resources. 
(c) FELLOWSHIP AWARDS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of the Interior, shall award a fel-
lowship in accordance with this subsection. 
(2) 
TERM
OF
FELLOWSHIP.—A 
fellowship 
awarded under this subsection shall be for a term of 
not more than 2 years. 
(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall 
award a fellowship to individuals who have dem-
onstrated— 
(A) an intent to pursue a career in marine 
services and outstanding potential for such a ca-
reer; 
(B) leadership potential, actual leadership 
experience, or both; 
(C) possession of a college or graduate de-
gree in biological science, a college or graduate 
degree in resource management with experience 
that correlates with aptitude and interest for 
marine management, or both; 
(D) proficient writing and speaking skills; 
and 
(E) such other attributes as the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, considers appropriate. 
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(d) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the non-Federal share of the costs of a fel-
lowship under this section shall be 25 percent of such 
costs. 
(2) WAIVER OF MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—The 
Secretary may waive the application of paragraph 
(1) to a fellowship if the Secretary finds that such 
waiver is necessary to support a project that the Sec-
retary has identified as a high priority. 
TITLE 
CI—BOLSTERING 
LONG- 
TERM UNDERSTANDING AND 
EXPLORATION OF THE GREAT 
LAKES, OCEANS, BAYS, AND 
ESTUARIES 
SEC. 10101. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this title is to promote and support— 
(1) the monitoring, understanding, and explo-
ration of the Great Lakes, oceans, bays, estuaries, and 
coasts; and 
(2) the collection, analysis, synthesis, and shar-
ing of data related to the Great Lakes, oceans, bays, 
estuaries, and coasts to facilitate scientific research 
and operational decisionmaking. 
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SEC. 10102. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ADMINISTRATION.—The term ‘‘Administra-
tion’’ means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
(2) 
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
term 
‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Under Secretary of Commerce for 
Oceans and Atmosphere in the capacity as Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration. 
(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the In-
dian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
SEC. 10103. WORKFORCE STUDY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 303(a) of the America 
COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (33 U.S.C. 
893c(a)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Commerce’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans 
and Atmosphere’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, skillsets, or 
credentials’’ after ‘‘degrees’’; 
(3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘or highly 
qualified technical professionals and tradespeople’’ 
after ‘‘atmospheric scientists’’; 
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(4) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘, skillsets, or 
credentials’’ after ‘‘degrees’’; 
(5) in paragraph (5)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘scientist’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting ‘‘, ob-
servations, and monitoring;’’ 
(6) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘into Federal’’ 
and all that follows and inserting ‘‘, technical profes-
sionals, and tradespeople into Federal career posi-
tions;’’ 
(7) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) 
as paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively; 
(8) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) whether there is a shortage in the number 
of individuals with technical or trade-based degrees, 
skillsets, or credentials suited to a career in oceanic 
and atmospheric data collection, processing, satellite 
production, or satellite operations;’’; and 
(9) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) workforce diversity and actions the Federal 
Government can take to increase diversity in the sci-
entific workforce; and 
‘‘(9) actions the Federal Government can take to 
shorten the hiring backlog for such workforce.’’. 
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(b) COORDINATION.—Section 303(b) of such Act (33 
U.S.C. 893c(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘Secretary of Com-
merce’’ and inserting ‘‘Under Secretary of Commerce for 
Oceans and Atmosphere’’. 
(c) REPORT.—Section 303(c) of such Act (33 U.S.C. 
893c(c)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘the date of enactment of this 
Act’’ and inserting ‘‘the date of the enactment of the 
James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2023’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Commerce’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans 
and Atmosphere’’; and 
(3) by striking ‘‘to each committee’’ and all that 
follows through ‘‘section 302 of this Act’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Natural Resources and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives’’. 
(d) PROGRAM AND PLAN.—Section 303(d) of such Act 
(33 U.S.C. 893c(d)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Administrator of the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’’ and in-
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serting ‘‘Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans 
and Atmosphere’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘academic partners’’ and all that 
follows and inserting ‘‘academic partners.’’. 
SEC. 10104. ACCELERATING INNOVATION AT COOPERATIVE 
INSTITUTES. 
(a) FOCUS ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.—The Ad-
ministrator shall consider evaluating the goals of 1 or more 
Cooperative Institutes of the Administration to include fo-
cusing on advancing or applying emerging technologies, 
which may include— 
(1) applied uses and development of real-time 
and other advanced genetic technologies and applica-
tions, including such technologies and applications 
that derive genetic material directly from environ-
mental samples without any obvious signs of biologi-
cal source material; 
(2) deployment of, and improvements to the du-
rability, maintenance, and other lifecycle concerns of, 
advanced unmanned vehicles, regional small research 
vessels, and other research vessels that support and 
launch unmanned vehicles and sensors; and 
(3) supercomputing and big data management, 
including data collected through model outputs, elec-
tronic monitoring, and remote sensing. 
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(b) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS.—The 
Cooperative Institutes shall work with the Interagency 
Ocean Observation Committee, the regional associations of 
the Integrated Ocean Observing System, and other ocean 
observing programs to coordinate technology needs and the 
transition of new technologies from research to operations. 
SEC. 10105. BLUE ECONOMY VALUATION. 
(a) MEASUREMENT OF INDUSTRIES.—The Adminis-
trator, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Fed-
eral agencies and subject to the availability of appropria-
tions, shall establish a program to improve the collection, 
aggregation, and analysis of data to measure the value and 
impact of industries related to the Great Lakes, oceans, 
bays, estuaries, and coasts on the economy of the United 
States, including military uses, living resources, marine 
construction, marine transportation, offshore energy devel-
opment and siting including for renewable energy, offshore 
mineral production, ship and boat building, tourism, recre-
ation, subsistence, commercial, recreational, and charter 
fishing, seafood processing, and other fishery-related busi-
nesses, aquaculture such as kelp and shellfish, and other in-
dustries the Administrator determines appropriate. 
(b) COLLABORATION.—In carrying out subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall— 
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(1) work with the Director of the Bureau of Eco-
nomic Analysis and the heads of other relevant Fed-
eral agencies to develop a Coastal and Ocean Econ-
omy Satellite Account that includes national, Tribal, 
and State-level statistics to measure the contribution 
of the Great Lakes, oceans, bays, estuaries, and coasts 
to the overall economy of the United States; and 
(2) collaborate with national and international 
organizations and governments to promote consist-
ency of methods, measurements, and definitions to en-
sure comparability of results between countries. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of 
the enactment of this section, and not less frequently than 
every 2 years thereafter until the date that is 20 years after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Administrator, 
in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal 
agencies, shall publish a report that— 
(1) defines the Blue Economy in consultation 
with Indian Tribes and with input from academia, 
the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, 
and other relevant experts; 
(2) makes recommendations for updating North 
American Industry Classification System reporting 
codes to reflect the Blue Economy; and 
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(3) provides a comprehensive estimate of the 
value and impact of the Blue Economy with respect 
to each State and territory of the United States, in-
cluding— 
(A) the value and impact of— 
(i) economic activities that are depend-
ent upon the resources of the Great Lakes, 
oceans, bays, estuaries, and coasts; 
(ii) the population and demographic 
characteristics of the population along the 
coasts; 
(iii) port and shoreline infrastructure; 
(iv) the volume and value of cargo 
shipped by sea or across the Great Lakes; 
(v) data collected from the Great 
Lakes, oceans, bays, estuaries, and coasts, 
including such data collected by businesses 
that purchase and commodify the data, in-
cluding weather prediction and seasonal ag-
ricultural forecasting; and 
(vi) military uses; and 
(B) to the extent possible, the qualified 
value and impact of the natural capital of the 
Great Lakes, oceans, bays, estuaries, and coasts 
with respect to tourism, recreation, natural re-
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sources, and cultural heritage, including other 
indirect values. 
(d) 
CENTRALIZED
WEBSITE
FOR
RESILIENCY 
GRANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Adminis-
trator, in coordination with the heads of other rel-
evant Federal agencies, shall create and regularly up-
date a public website to improve education, outreach, 
and public information regarding grants and other 
public funding opportunities of the Administration 
related to resiliency. 
(2) CONTENTS OF WEBSITE.—The website cre-
ated under paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) Hyperlinks, descriptions, deadlines, and 
resources to support applicants including tech-
nical assistance and other information as the 
Administrator determines appropriate relating 
to resilience grants administered by— 
(i) the Administration; 
(ii) other relevant Federal agencies; or 
(iii) foundations in coordination with 
the Administration. 
(B) Information described in subparagraph 
(A) that is specific to supporting Tribal Govern-
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ments and Tribal Colleges and Universities, and, 
with respect to each such grant described in 
paragraph (1), the contact information for an 
individual of the Administration who can assist 
Tribal Governments and Tribal Colleges and 
Universities in applying for such grants. 
(C) Information described in subparagraph 
(A) that is specific to supporting Historically 
Black Colleges and Universities, and, with re-
spect to each such grant described in paragraph 
(1), the contact information for an individual of 
the Administration who can assist Historically 
Black Colleges and Universities in applying for 
such grants. 
(3) OUTREACH.—The Administrator shall con-
duct outreach activities to inform State, Tribal, and 
local governments of resiliency, adaptation, and miti-
gation grants that are available to such governments. 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(A) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND 
UNIVERSITIES.—The term ‘‘Historically Black 
Colleges and Universities’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘part B institution’’ in section 322 of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1061). 
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(B) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The 
term ‘‘Tribal College or University’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 316 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1059c). 
SEC. 10106. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED. 
Funds to carry out this title may, as provided in ad-
vance in appropriations Acts, only come from within 
amounts authorized to be appropriated to the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration. 
TITLE CII—REGIONAL OCEAN 
PARTNERSHIPS 
SEC. 10201. FINDINGS; PURPOSES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The ocean and coastal waters and the Great 
Lakes of the United States are foundational to the 
economy, security, global competitiveness, and well- 
being of the United States and continuously serve the 
people of the United States and other countries as an 
important source of food, energy, economic produc-
tivity, recreation, beauty, and enjoyment. 
(2) Over many years, the resource productivity 
and water quality of the ocean, coastal, and Great 
Lakes areas of the United States have been dimin-
ished by pollution, increasing population demands, 
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economic development, and natural and man-made 
hazard events, both acute and chronic. 
(3) The ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes areas of 
the United States are managed by State and Federal 
resource agencies and Indian Tribes and regulated on 
an interstate and regional scale by various overlap-
ping Federal authorities, thereby creating a signifi-
cant need for interstate coordination to enhance re-
gional priorities, including the ecological and eco-
nomic health of those areas. 
(4) Indian Tribes have unique expertise and 
knowledge important for the stewardship of the ocean 
and coastal waters and the Great Lakes of the United 
States. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this title are as fol-
lows: 
(1) To complement and expand cooperative vol-
untary efforts intended to manage, conserve, and re-
store ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes areas spanning 
across multiple State and Indian Tribe jurisdictions. 
(2) To expand Federal support for monitoring, 
data management, restoration, research, and con-
servation activities in ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes 
areas. 
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(3) To commit the United States to a com-
prehensive cooperative program to achieve improved 
water quality in, and improvements in the produc-
tivity of living resources of, oceans, coastal, and Great 
Lakes ecosystems. 
(4) To authorize Regional Ocean Partnerships as 
intergovernmental coordinators for shared regional 
priorities among States and Indian Tribes relating to 
the collaborative management of the large marine eco-
systems, thereby reducing duplication of efforts and 
maximizing opportunities to leverage support in the 
ocean and coastal regions. 
(5) To empower States to take a lead role in 
managing oceans, coastal, and Great Lakes areas. 
(6) To incorporate rights of Indian Tribes in the 
management of oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes re-
sources and provide resources to support Indian Tribe 
participation in and engagement with Regional 
Ocean Partnerships. 
(7) To enable Regional Ocean Partnerships, or 
designated fiscal management entities of such part-
nerships, to receive Federal funding to conduct the 
scientific research, conservation, and restoration ac-
tivities, and priority coordination on shared regional 
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priorities necessary to achieve the purposes described 
in paragraphs (1) through (6). 
SEC. 10202. REGIONAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIPS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
term 
‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration. 
(2) COASTAL STATE.—The term ‘‘coastal State’’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘‘Coastal state’’ in 
section 304 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 
1972 (16 U.S.C. 1453). 
(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(4) REGIONAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIP.—The term 
‘‘Regional Ocean Partnership’’ means a Regional 
Ocean Partnership designated under subsection (b). 
(b) REGIONAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIPS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—A coastal State or Indian 
Tribe may form a partnership with— 
(A) a coastal State that shares a common 
ocean or coastal area with the coastal State, 
without regard to whether the coastal States are 
contiguous; and 
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(B) States— 
(i) that share a common ocean, coastal 
area, or watershed with the coastal State, 
without regard to whether the coastal States 
are contiguous; or 
(ii) that would contribute to the prior-
ities of the partnership; and 
(C) Indian Tribes. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—A partnership formed 
under paragraph (1) may apply for designation as a 
Regional Ocean Partnership in such time and man-
ner as determined appropriate by the Secretary if the 
partnership— 
(A) is established to coordinate the manage-
ment of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes re-
sources among the members of the partnership; 
(B) focuses on the environmental issues af-
fecting the ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes areas 
of the members participating in the partnership; 
(C) complements existing coastal and ocean 
management efforts of States and Indian Tribes 
on an interstate scale, focusing on shared re-
gional priorities; 
(D) does not have a regulatory function; 
and 
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(E) is not duplicative of an existing Re-
gional Ocean Partnership designated under 
paragraph (3), as determined by the Secretary. 
(3) DESIGNATION OF CERTAIN ENTITIES AS RE-
GIONAL OCEAN PARTNERSHIPS.—The following enti-
ties are designated as Regional Ocean Partnerships: 
(A) The Gulf of Mexico Alliance, comprised 
of the States of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, 
Mississippi, and Texas. 
(B) The Northeast Regional Ocean Council, 
comprised of the States of Maine, Vermont, New 
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and 
Rhode Island. 
(C) The Mid-Atlantic Regional Council on 
the Ocean, comprised of the States of New York, 
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. 
(D) The West Coast Ocean Alliance, com-
prised of the States of California, Oregon, and 
Washington and the coastal Indian Tribes there-
in. 
(4) GREAT
LAKES.—A partnership established 
under this section for the purposes described in sub-
section (d) with respect to a Great Lake may be 
known as a ‘‘Regional Coastal Partnership’’ or a 
‘‘Regional Great Lakes Partnership’’. 
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(c) GOVERNING BODIES OF REGIONAL OCEAN PART-
NERSHIPS.—A Regional Ocean Partnership shall have a 
governing body that— 
(1) shall be comprised, at a minimum, of voting 
members from each coastal state participating in the 
Regional Ocean Partnership, designated by the Gov-
ernor of the coastal state; and 
(2) may include such other members as the part-
nership considers appropriate. 
(d) FUNCTIONS.—A Regional Ocean Partnership may 
perform the following functions: 
(1) Promote coordination of the actions of the 
agencies of governments participating in the partner-
ship with the actions of the appropriate officials of 
Federal agencies, State governments, and Indian 
Tribes in developing strategies— 
(A) to conserve living resources, increase 
valuable habitats, enhance coastal resilience and 
ocean management, promote ecological and eco-
nomic health, and address such other issues re-
lated to the shared ocean, coastal, or Great Lakes 
areas as are determined to be a shared, regional 
priority by those states; and 
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(B) to manage regional data portals and 
develop associated data products for purposes 
that support the priorities of the partnership. 
(2) In cooperation with appropriate Federal and 
State agencies, Indian Tribes, and local authorities, 
develop and implement specific action plans to carry 
out coordination goals. 
(3) Coordinate and implement priority plans 
and projects, and facilitate science, research, mod-
eling, monitoring, data collection, and other activities 
that support the goals of the partnership through the 
provision of grants and contracts under subsection (f). 
(4) Engage, coordinate, and collaborate with rel-
evant governmental entities and stakeholders to ad-
dress ocean and coastal related matters that require 
interagency or intergovernmental solutions. 
(5) Implement outreach programs for public in-
formation, education, and participation to foster 
stewardship of the resources of the ocean, coastal, and 
Great Lakes areas, as relevant. 
(6) Develop and make available, through publi-
cations, technical assistance, and other appropriate 
means, information pertaining to cross-jurisdictional 
issues being addressed through the coordinated activi-
ties of the partnership. 
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(7) Serve as a liaison with, and provide infor-
mation to, international counterparts, as appropriate 
on priority issues for the partnership. 
(e) COORDINATION, CONSULTATION, AND ENGAGE-
MENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A Regional Ocean Partner-
ship shall maintain mechanisms for coordination, 
consultation, and engagement with the following: 
(A) The Federal Government. 
(B) Indian Tribes. 
(C) Nongovernmental entities, including 
academic organizations, nonprofit organizations, 
and private sector entities. 
(D) Other federally mandated regional enti-
ties, including the Regional Fishery Management 
Councils, the regional associations of the Na-
tional Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation 
System, and relevant Marine Fisheries Commis-
sions. 
(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in para-
graph (1)(B) may be construed as affecting any re-
quirement to consult with Indian Tribes under Exec-
utive Order 13175 (25 U.S.C. 5301 note; relating to 
consultation and coordination with Indian Tribal 
Governments) or any other applicable law or policy. 
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(f) GRANTS AND CONTRACTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A Regional Ocean Partner-
ship may, in coordination with existing Federal, 
State, and Tribal management programs, from 
amounts made available to the partnership by the Ad-
ministrator or the head of another Federal agency, 
subject to appropriations for such purpose, provide 
grants and enter into contracts for the purposes de-
scribed in paragraph (2). 
(2) PURPOSES.—The purposes described in this 
paragraph include any of the following: 
(A) Monitoring the water quality and living 
resources of multistate ocean and coastal eco-
systems and coastal communities. 
(B) Researching and addressing the effects 
of natural and human-induced environmental 
changes on— 
(i) ocean and coastal ecosystems; and 
(ii) coastal communities. 
(C) Developing and executing cooperative 
strategies that— 
(i) address regional data issues identi-
fied by the partnership; and 
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(ii) will result in more effective man-
agement of common ocean and coastal 
areas. 
(g) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator, in coordination with the Regional Ocean Part-
nerships, shall submit to Congress a report on the 
partnerships. 
(2) REPORT
REQUIREMENTS.—The report re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of the overall status of 
the work of the Regional Ocean Partnerships. 
(B) An assessment of the effectiveness of the 
partnerships in supporting regional priorities 
relating to the management of common ocean, 
coastal, and Great Lakes areas. 
(C) An assessment of the effectiveness of the 
strategies that the partnerships are supporting 
or implementing and the extent to which the pri-
ority needs of the regions covered by the partner-
ships are being met through such strategies. 
(D) An assessment of how the efforts of the 
partnerships support or enhance Federal and 
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State efforts consistent with the purposes of this 
title. 
(E) Such recommendations as the Adminis-
trator may have for improving— 
(i) efforts of the partnerships to sup-
port the purposes of this title; and 
(ii) collective strategies that support 
the purposes of this title in coordination 
with all relevant Federal and State entities 
and Indian Tribes. 
(F) The distribution of funds from each 
partnership for each fiscal year covered by the 
report. 
(h) AVAILABILITY OF FEDERAL FUNDS.—In addition 
to amounts made available to the Regional Ocean Partner-
ships by the Administrator under this section, the head of 
any other Federal agency may provide grants to, enter into 
contracts with, or otherwise provide funding to such part-
nerships, subject to availability of appropriations for such 
purposes. 
(i) AUTHORITIES.—Nothing in this section establishes 
any new legal or regulatory authority of the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration or of the Regional 
Ocean Partnerships, other than— 
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(1) the authority of the Administrator to provide 
amounts to the partnerships; and 
(2) the authority of the partnerships to provide 
grants and enter into contracts under subsection (f). 
(j) AUTHORIZATIONS.— 
(1) REGIONAL
OCEAN
PARTNERSHIPS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Adminis-
trator the following amounts to be made available to 
the Regional Ocean Partnerships or designated fiscal 
management entities of such partnerships to carry out 
activities of such partnerships under this title: 
(A) $10,100,000 for fiscal year 2023. 
(B) $10,202,000 for fiscal year 2024. 
(C) $10,306,040 for fiscal year 2025. 
(D) $10,412,160 for fiscal year 2026. 
(E) $10,520,404 for fiscal year 2027. 
(2) 
DISTRIBUTION
OF
AMOUNTS.—Amounts 
made available under this subsection shall be divided 
evenly among the Regional Ocean Partnerships. 
(3) 
TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT
PARTICIPATION.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Admin-
istrator $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2027 to be distributed to Indian Tribes for 
purposes of participation in or engagement with the 
Regional Ocean Partnerships. 
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TITLE CIII—NATIONAL OCEAN 
EXPLORATION 
SEC. 10301. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The health and resilience of the ocean are 
vital to the security and economy of the United States 
and to the lives of the people of the United States. 
(2) The United States depends on the ocean to 
regulate weather and climate, to sustain and protect 
the diversity of life, for maritime shipping, for na-
tional defense, and for food, energy, medicine, recre-
ation, and other services essential to the people of the 
United States and all humankind. 
(3) The prosperity, security, and well-being of 
the United States depend on successful understanding 
and stewardship of the ocean. 
(4) Interdisciplinary cooperation and engage-
ment among government agencies, research institu-
tions, nongovernmental organizations, States, Indian 
Tribes, and the private sector are essential for success-
ful stewardship of ocean and coastal environments, 
national economic growth, national security, and de-
velopment of agile strategies that develop, promote, 
and use new technologies. 
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(5) Ocean exploration can help the people of the 
United States understand how to be effective stewards 
of the ocean and serve as catalysts and enablers for 
other sectors of the economy. 
(6) Mapping, exploration, and characterization 
of the ocean provides basic, essential information to 
protect and restore the marine environment, stimulate 
economic activity, and provide security for the United 
States. 
(7) A robust national ocean exploration program 
engaging multiple Federal agencies, Indian Tribes, 
the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, 
and academia is— 
(A) essential to the interests of the United 
States and vital to its security and economy and 
the health and well-being of all people of the 
United States; and 
(B) critical to reestablish the United States 
at the forefront of global ocean exploration and 
stewardship. 
SEC. 10302. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) CHARACTERIZATION.—The term ‘‘character-
ization’’ means activities that provide comprehensive 
data and interpretations for a specific area of interest 
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of the sea floor, sub-bottom, water column, or hydro-
logic features, including water masses and currents, 
in direct support of specific research, environmental 
protection, resource management, policymaking, or 
applied mission objectives. 
(2) EXPLORATION.—The term ‘‘exploration’’ 
means activities that provide— 
(A) a multidisciplinary view of an un-
known or poorly understood area of the seafloor, 
sub-bottom, or water column; and 
(B) an initial assessment of the physical, 
chemical, geological, biological, archeological, or 
other characteristics of such an area. 
(3) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(4) MAPPING.—The term ‘‘mapping’’ means ac-
tivities that provide comprehensive data and informa-
tion needed to understand seafloor characteristics, 
such as depth, topography, bottom type, sediment 
composition and distribution, underlying geologic 
structure, and benthic flora and fauna. 
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