203 
SEC. 1705. OFFICE OF GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S 
EMPOWERMENT. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established, within 
the United States Agency for International Development, 
an Office of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment 
(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Office’’). 
(b) DIRECTOR.—The Office shall be headed by a Di-
rector (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Director’’), who 
shall be highly qualified in matters relating to inter-
national development and gender integration. The Direc-
tor shall report directly to the Administrator and consult 
regularly with the Ambassador-at-Large for Global Wom-
en’s Issues. 
(c) DUTIES.—The Director shall— 
(1) advise the Administrator on matters relat-
ing to the advancement of women’s global develop-
ment; 
(2) lead and coordinate all efforts of the United 
States Agency for International Development to em-
power women and promote gender equality in devel-
oping countries, including efforts to prevent and re-
spond to gender-based violence; 
(3) direct the preparation of the Global Strat-
egy for Gender Equality under section 1703; 
(4) mainstream into the design, implementa-
tion, and evaluation of policies and programs at all 
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levels an understanding of the distinctive impact 
that such policies and programs may have on women 
and girls; 
(5) assist other bureaus, offices, and overseas 
missions in designing and revising strategies, pro-
grams, projects and activities to empower women 
and promote gender equality; 
(6) monitor and evaluate the impact on women 
and girls of programs carried out by USAID; and 
(7) disseminate information about lessons 
learned and best practices for advancing women’s 
global development throughout USAID and other 
relevant Federal agencies. 
SEC. 1706. PREVENTION OF CHILD MARRIAGE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Child marriage, also known as ‘‘forced mar-
riage’’ or ‘‘early marriage’’, is a harmful traditional 
practice that deprives girls of their dignity and 
human rights. 
(2) Child marriage as a traditional practice, as 
well as through coercion or force, is a violation of ar-
ticle 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human 
Rights, which states, ‘‘Marriage shall be entered into 
only with the free and full consent of intending 
spouses’’. 
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(3) Factors perpetuating child marriage include 
poverty, a lack of educational or employment oppor-
tunities for girls, parental concerns to ensure sexual 
relations within marriage, the dowry system, and the 
perceived lack of value of girls. 
(4) Child marriage has negative effects on the 
health of girls, including significantly increased risk 
of maternal death and morbidity, infant mortality 
and morbidity, obstetric fistula, and sexually trans-
mitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. 
(5) Most countries with high rates of child mar-
riage have a legally established minimum age of 
marriage, yet child marriage persists due to strong 
traditional norms and the failure to enforce existing 
laws. 
(6) Investments in girls’ schooling, creating safe 
community spaces for girls, and programs to build 
skills for out-of-school girls are all effective and 
demonstrated strategies for preventing child mar-
riage by addressing conditions of poverty, low status, 
and social norms that contribute to child marriage. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to seek the elimination of the practice of 
child marriage. 
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(c) AUTHORIZATION.—The Administrator is author-
ized to use funds made available under this chapter for 
programs to prevent the incidence of child marriage in 
partner countries through the promotion of educational, 
health, economic, social, and legal rights of girls and 
women. 
(d) PRIORITY.—In providing assistance authorized 
under subsection (c), the Administrator should give pri-
ority to— 
(1) areas or regions in developing countries in 
which 40 percent or more of girls under the age of 
18 are married; and 
(2) activities to— 
(A) expand and replicate existing commu-
nity-based programs that are successful in pre-
venting the incidence of child marriage; 
(B) establish pilot projects to prevent child 
marriage; and 
(C) share evaluations of successful pro-
grams, program designs, experiences, and les-
sons. 
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SEC. 1707. COORDINATION OF EFFORTS TO PREVENT 
CHILD MARRIAGE. 
(a) DESIGNATION.—The Administrator shall des-
ignate an official to lead and coordinate policies and pro-
grams of the Agency to prevent child marriage. 
(b) ADDITIONAL DUTIES.—In addition to the respon-
sibilities described in subsection (a), the official designated 
under subsection (a) shall— 
(1) ensure that efforts to prevent child mar-
riage are integrated into the relevant country and 
sector strategies prepared in accordance with sec-
tions 1018 and 1019; and 
(2) collect and disseminate information on— 
(A) best practices for preventing and re-
ducing the incidence of child marriage; 
(B) the incidence of child marriage in part-
ner countries where the practice of child mar-
riage is prevalent; and 
(C) the relationship between prevalence of 
child marriage and the achievement of develop-
ment goals. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out the duties 
under this section, the official designated under subsection 
(a) shall consult with a wide range of relevant stake-
holders. 
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SEC. 1708. DEFINITIONS. 
In this chapter: 
(1) CHILD MARRIAGE.—The term ‘‘child mar-
riage’’ means the marriage of a girl or a boy who 
has not reached the minimum legal age for marriage 
in the country of residence, or where there is no 
such law, under the age of 18. 
(2) GENDER
ANALYSIS.—The term ‘‘gender 
analysis’’ means the systematic examination of the 
different roles, rights, resources, constraints, and op-
portunities of men and women, boys and girls, in a 
society, economy, community or family. 
(3) GENDER
EQUALITY.—The term ‘‘gender 
equality’’ means equal opportunities for all people, 
regardless of sex, to achieve their personal potential 
and maximize their contributions to the development 
of their families, communities, and countries. 
(4) GENDER INTEGRATION.—The term ‘‘gender 
integration’’ means incorporating gender analysis 
and the resulting recommendations in all policies, 
budgets, programming, and performance monitoring 
and evaluation. 
CHAPTER 8—STRENGTHENING 
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE 
SEC. 1801. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
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(1) Democratic development, political pluralism, 
and respect for internationally recognized human 
rights are intrinsically linked to economic and social 
progress. Efforts to reduce poverty and promote 
broad-based economic growth are more effective and 
sustainable in a political environment in which fun-
damental freedoms and the rule of law are re-
spected, government institutions are broadly rep-
resentative, and corruption is held to a minimum. 
(2) Violent extremism that threatens United 
States national security flourishes where democratic 
governance is weak, justice uncertain, and legal ave-
nues for change in short supply. 
(3) Democracy can only be sustained in a soci-
ety in which the legitimacy of the government rests 
firmly on the expressed consent of the governed; the 
rights of all citizens, including minorities, are re-
spected and protected; and there is effective civilian 
control over the military and security forces. 
(4) There is a growing worldwide movement to-
ward more open, just and democratic societies. This 
trend is essential to achieving the United States ulti-
mate objective of worldwide respect for human rights 
and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to 
race, sex, language, religion, sexual orientation, or 
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gender identity. At the same time, this trend holds 
great promise for promoting the peace of the world 
and the foreign policy, security, and general welfare 
of the United States. 
(5) Preventing mass atrocities is a core national 
security interest and a core moral responsibility of 
the United States. Governmental engagement on 
atrocities too often arrives too late, when opportuni-
ties for prevention or low-cost, low-risk action have 
been missed. By helping partner countries to 
strengthen democratic institutions and practices and 
to manage diversity peacefully, responsibly and equi-
tably, USAID can address many of the structural 
conditions that give rise to mass atrocities. 
(6) Persons belonging to racial, ethnic, reli-
gious, and linguistic minorities, as well as lesbians, 
gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals, and 
persons with disabilities are often subjected to dis-
crimination, harassment, exploitation, intimidation, 
and exclusion. United States policies and programs 
should seek to foster equal opportunity and equal ac-
cess to justice for all people, including marginalized 
groups. 
(7) Civil society organizations and activists 
worldwide contribute in unique and essential ways to 
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development as innovative agents of change and so-
cial transformation. In particular, such organizations 
have an important role to play in bringing the voices 
of the poor to influence government policies, and to 
hold governments and other powerful actors to ac-
count for their actions. A diverse, strong, and inde-
pendent civil society sector is critical for the sustain-
able reduction of poverty. 
(8) Democracy cannot be imposed from with-
out. However, the United States should encourage 
all states to meet their obligations under inter-
national law to uphold and protect human rights 
and fundamental freedoms, and should support the 
aspirations of those who seek through peaceful 
means to make their governments more democratic 
and accountable. 
(9) Democracy takes time to become firmly 
rooted in society and in the political system. While 
short-term interventions can be important and effec-
tive means for preventing abuses and opening win-
dows of opportunity, democratic development gen-
erally requires sustained effort and a comprehensive 
approach. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
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(1) support democratic aspirations and values, 
foster the spread of democratic institutions, and en-
courage universal respect for internationally recog-
nized human rights, including civil and political lib-
erties; 
(2) recognize that, to be successful, such sup-
port must not be defined narrowly in terms of par-
ties and elections and government institutional ca-
pacity building, but must include other, equally im-
portant, aspects of democratic development, includ-
ing— 
(A) independent and balanced media; 
(B) impartial and competent judicial proc-
esses that deliver access to justice; 
(C) respect for human rights and funda-
mental freedoms; and 
(D) a vibrant civil society that engages 
meaningfully with government; and 
(3) take into consideration a country’s commit-
ment to good governance, respect for the rule of law 
and protection of internationally recognized human 
rights in providing assistance under this subtitle. 
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SEC. 1802. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES. 
(a) GOAL.—The goal of assistance under this chapter 
is to strengthen democratic institutions and practices and 
promote human rights in partner countries. 
(b) OBJECTIVES.—In furtherance of the goal of sub-
section (a), assistance under this chapter shall be designed 
to help partner countries achieve the following objectives: 
(1) Improving government responsiveness, ac-
countability, transparency and effectiveness. 
(2) Increasing the capacity and participation of 
civil society. 
(3) Strengthening the observance of inter-
nationally recognized human rights and the rule of 
law. 
(4) Fostering political competition and con-
sensus-building. 
(5) Protecting and expanding democratic space 
for civil society organizations to operate. 
SEC. 1803. ASSISTANCE FOR DEMOCRATIC STRENGTH-
ENING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator is authorized 
to use funds made available under section 1015 to further 
the goal and objectives of this chapter in partner coun-
tries. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—Assistance authorized under sub-
section (a) shall include support for the following: 
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(1) Conducting free, legitimate, credible, and 
fair national, state, and local elections. 
(2) Developing and strengthening open, demo-
cratic, peaceful and effective political parties. 
(3) Enhancing the responsiveness and effective-
ness of public administration. 
(4) Building professional, transparent and re-
sponsible legislatures. 
(5) Developing and strengthening free, inde-
pendent and professional media. 
(6) Fostering inclusive and transparent legisla-
tive and regulatory processes at all levels of govern-
ment. 
(7) Decentralization efforts and the develop-
ment of capable, representative local government in-
stitutions. 
(8) Strengthening civilian, democratic control 
over the military. 
(9) Combating corruption and promoting finan-
cial integrity. 
(10) Improving the independence, impartiality, 
transparency and competence of judicial officials and 
processes. 
(11) Revising and modernizing laws, constitu-
tions, and legal frameworks. 
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(12) Expanding access of crime victims and 
witnesses to legal information and services. 
(13) Promoting official recognition of, and re-
spect in practice for, internationally recognized 
human rights. 
(14) Supporting and assisting international and 
domestic courts and tribunals investigating and 
prosecuting instances of mass atrocities. 
(15) Rehabilitating victims of torture, including 
activities specifically designed to treat the physical 
and psychological effects of torture. 
(16) Preventing and responding to abuses such 
as human trafficking, sexual and gender-based vio-
lence, the conscription of children into armed forces, 
the use of child labor and the practice of child mar-
riage. 
(17) Strengthening the capacity of civil society 
organizations to participate effectively in public life 
and provide input into government decisions. 
(18) Increasing citizen awareness of rights and 
responsibilities, and encouraging greater participa-
tion in political processes. 
(19) Promoting tolerance, dialogue, and peace-
ful dispute resolution. 
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(20) Reducing the risk of mass atrocities 
through early warning and early action. 
(21) Fostering equal rights and equal opportu-
nities for marginalized groups. 
(22) Countering laws, regulations, policies, and 
practices that restrict civil space. 
(23) Expanding public access to information 
and communications, including through the Internet. 
(24) Implementing Action Plans for Human 
Rights and Democracy prepared pursuant to section 
3103. 
SEC. 1804. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON DEMOCRACY PRO-
MOTION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established an Advi-
sory Committee on Democracy Promotion (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘Advisory Committee’’). The Advisory 
Committee shall report to the Secretary and the Adminis-
trator. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Advisory Com-
mittee is to review and make recommendations on how to 
improve United States Government efforts to promote de-
mocracy internationally. 
(c) DUTIES.—The duties of the Advisory Committee 
shall include consulting with, providing information to, 
and advising the Secretary and the Administrator on 
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issues relating to democracy promotion in the formulation 
and implementation of United States foreign policy and 
foreign assistance, including such matters as— 
(1) the means by which the United States Gov-
ernment should promote democracy, depending on 
circumstances in foreign countries; 
(2) the integration of democracy considerations 
into United States diplomatic and development ef-
forts; 
(3) the special challenges of setting indicators 
and measuring impact in the field of democracy and 
governance; 
(4) lessons learned and best practices in inter-
national democracy promotion; 
(5) the balance between strengthening civil soci-
ety and strengthening governance; 
(6) the application of principles of country own-
ership in undemocratic or democratic transition 
countries; 
(7) the application of marking and branding 
rules to democracy programs; 
(8) the consistency of democracy policies and 
programs across Federal agencies; and 
(9) the parameters for operating in undemo-
cratic and conflict settings. 
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(d) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(1) NUMBER AND APPOINTMENT.—The Advi-
sory Committee shall be composed of 8 individuals 
appointed by the Secretary and 7 individuals ap-
pointed by the Administrator who are experts in var-
ious aspects of the field of international democracy, 
human rights, and good governance. 
(2) TERMS.—Members of the Advisory Com-
mittee shall serve a term of 2 years, and may be ap-
pointed to consecutive terms. 
(3) INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITY.—Members of the 
Advisory Committee shall serve in an individual, not 
a representative, capacity. 
(4) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.— 
The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee shall be 
designated by the Secretary, and the Vice Chair-
person of the Advisory Committee shall be des-
ignated by the Administrator, at the time of their 
appointment to the Advisory Committee. 
(e) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Advisory Committee 
shall submit to the Secretary and the Administrator 
on an annual basis a report that describes the activi-
ties of the Advisory Committee during the preceding 
year. 
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(2) AVAILABILITY TO PUBLIC.—The report re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall be made publicly 
available on the Internet. 
(f) MEETINGS.—The Advisory Committee shall hold 
not less than 4 meetings each year. 
(g) SUBCOMMITTEES.—The Advisory Committee may 
establish subcommittees and special task forces, as deter-
mined necessary by the Advisory Committee. Any such 
subcommittee or special task force shall meet subject to 
the call of the Chairperson of the subcommittee or special 
task force, as the case may be. 
SEC. 1805. FOREIGN GOVERNMENT APPROVAL AND CONDI-
TIONALITY. 
(a) FOREIGN GOVERNMENT APPROVAL.—The Ad-
ministrator shall not require the approval or agreement 
of a foreign government for— 
(1) specific programs, projects, or activities au-
thorized under this chapter; or 
(2) specific organizations carrying out assist-
ance authorized under this chapter. 
(b) FOREIGN GOVERNMENT CONDITIONALITY.—The 
Administrator shall not terminate assistance authorized 
under this chapter for a country pursuant to, or in order 
to conclude, an agreement to provide other forms of assist-
ance for such country. 
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SEC. 1806. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS. 
Assistance authorized under this chapter to promote 
human rights, strengthen civil society, and foster a free 
and fair election, referendum, or vote may be made avail-
able notwithstanding any provision of law that restricts 
assistance to a foreign country. 
SEC. 1807. PROHIBITING ASSISTANCE TO INFLUENCE THE 
OUTCOME OF ELECTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No assistance authorized under 
this chapter shall be used to influence the outcome of any 
elections in any country. 
(b) EXCEPTION.—The prohibition in subsection (a) 
shall not be construed to prohibit programs that make a 
good faith effort to assist all democratic parties with equi-
table levels of assistance. 
SEC. 1808. PROTECTED SPEECH. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, regula-
tion, or policy, in determining eligibility for assistance 
under this title, foreign nongovernmental organizations— 
(1) shall not be ineligible for such assistance 
solely on the basis of health or medical services, in-
cluding counseling and referral services, provided by 
such organizations with non-United States Govern-
ment funds, if such services— 
(A) do not violate the laws of the country 
in which they are being provided, and 
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(B) would not violate United States Fed-
eral law if provided in the United States; and 
(2) shall not be subject to requirements relating 
to the use of non-United States Government funds 
for advocacy and lobbying activities other than those 
that apply to United States nongovernmental organi-
zations receiving assistance under this title. 
Subtitle B—Alleviating Human 
Suffering 
SEC. 1901. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Natural disasters can temporarily over-
whelm the capacity of countries, regardless of wealth 
and technological advancement, to meet basic human 
needs and protect people from harm. Such disasters 
are likely to increase in number and severity along 
with the changes in the world’s climate, the degrada-
tion of the environment, and the expansion of the 
world’s population. 
(2) Conflict, weak and poor governance, corrup-
tion, and repression increase vulnerability to human-
itarian crisis, aggravate the impact of physical and 
environmental shocks, complicate the ability to re-
spond effectively, and lengthen the recovery period. 
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(3) Conflicts, human rights violations, and nat-
ural disasters often uproot people within their own 
countries. Forced to abandon their homes and liveli-
hoods, and without access to the rights and re-
sources available to those who cross an international 
border, these internally displaced persons are among 
the world’s most vulnerable and neglected people. 
(4) Persons affected by conflict are at greatly 
heightened risk of sexual and gender-based violence. 
Such risk can be mitigated through proper design 
and implementation of humanitarian programs, es-
pecially those relating to water and sanitation, 
health, shelter, food, education, energy, and liveli-
hoods, as well as through specific protection meas-
ures. 
(5) In protracted crises, humanitarian resources 
are often exhausted before the essential conditions 
are in place for long-term, sustainable development. 
In addition, lack of expertise and training, inad-
equate coordination, and unclear or narrow man-
dates often leave programming gaps. Coordinated 
action is required to address basic human needs at 
every stage of the transition, from emergency relief 
to recovery, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and devel-
opment. 
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(6) Continuity of educational activities for all 
children is an essential humanitarian need. Assist-
ance to countries affected by conflict or crisis should 
include formal and informal education services to en-
sure that children are able to continue their school-
ing and are protected from physical harm, psycho-
logical and social distress, recruitment into armed 
groups, family separation, and abuses related to 
their displacement. 
(7) Nongovernmental organizations play a lead-
ing role in humanitarian action, not only by deliv-
ering relief in underserved areas, but also by con-
tributing a significant proportion of the international 
resources, by developing effective and innovative 
techniques and methodologies, by maintaining long- 
term relationships of trust with affected commu-
nities, by establishing reputations for independence, 
impartiality and neutrality, by integrating knowledge 
and expertise about local languages, customs, condi-
tions, and needs, by bridging the gaps between relief 
and development, and by advocating for those in 
greatest need. 
(8) The United Nations plays a central, unique, 
and vital role in leading and coordinating inter-
national humanitarian assistance. Its organs and af-
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filiated agencies have capabilities and expertise that 
far exceed the ability of any single donor to respond 
to humanitarian needs. The collective voice of these 
partners frequently enhances United States bilateral 
efforts and often plays a useful role in gaining ac-
cess and achieving results where United States influ-
ence might otherwise be limited. 
(9) Multilateralism allows the United States to 
leverage its humanitarian contributions as part of a 
wider international donor effort and helps ensure 
that United States efforts complement those of other 
donors. To be effective, United States engagement 
with multilateral humanitarian organizations re-
quires predictable funding and strong diplomatic en-
gagement in policy development and institutional 
management. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to save lives, alleviate human suffering 
wherever possible, and protect vulnerable populations, tak-
ing action solely on the basis of need, without discrimina-
tion between or within affected populations, without re-
gard to diplomatic, economic, military, or other objectives 
of the United States, and without favoring any side in an 
armed conflict or other dispute. 
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SEC. 1902. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES. 
(a) GOAL.—The goal of assistance under this subtitle 
is to save lives, alleviate suffering, maintain human dig-
nity, and protect and uphold the rights of extremely vul-
nerable people. 
(b) OBJECTIVES.—In furtherance of the goal of sub-
section (a), assistance under this subtitle shall be designed 
to achieve the following objectives: 
(1) Provide quick and effective relief in the 
aftermath of disasters, whether natural or human- 
caused. 
(2) Facilitate the transition to self-sufficiency 
and safe lives and livelihoods. 
(3) Protect civilians affected by conflict, dis-
aster, and displacement from physical harm, perse-
cution, exploitation, abuse, malnutrition and disease, 
family separation, gender-based violence, forcible re-
cruitment and other threats to human rights. 
(4) Build capacity to prevent and mitigate the 
effects of conflict, disasters, and displacement. 
SEC. 1903. HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—United States humanitarian ac-
tion shall be carried out in accordance with the following 
principles: 
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(1) The central purpose of humanitarian action 
is to save lives, alleviate human suffering, and pro-
tect vulnerable population wherever possible. 
(2) Humanitarian action should be impartial, 
based solely on and in proportion to need, without 
discrimination between or within affected popu-
lations, and without regard to the political views, na-
tional origin, or religious affiliation of the bene-
ficiaries. 
(3) Humanitarian action should be neutral, 
without furthering a political or religious agenda or 
favoring any side in an armed conflict or other dis-
pute where such humanitarian action is carried out. 
(4) Humanitarian action should be independent, 
without regard to the political, economic, military, or 
other objectives that any actor may hold in relation 
to the affected areas and populations. 
(5) Humanitarian action should be undertaken 
in accordance with international human rights law, 
international humanitarian law, refugee law, and the 
United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Dis-
placement. 
(6) Humanitarian action should meet inter-
national standards, using the SPHERE Minimum 
Standards for Disaster Response and the Inter- 
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Agency Standing Committee guidelines as bench-
marks, should be informed by the INEE Minimum 
Standards, and should promote the principles and 
practices of Good Humanitarian Donorship. 
(7) Protection of civilians affected by conflict, 
disaster, and displacement from physical harm, per-
secution, exploitation, abuse, malnutrition and dis-
ease, family separation, sexual and gender-based vio-
lence, forcible recruitment, and other threats to 
human rights is a core element of humanitarian ac-
tion. 
(8) Humanitarian action should be primarily ci-
vilian in nature. The Department of Defense should 
provide humanitarian assistance overseas only as a 
last resort when there is no comparable civilian al-
ternative and when the use of military or civil de-
fense assets can uniquely meet a critical humani-
tarian need. 
(9) When the military is required to support a 
humanitarian response, its participation should be 
subject to the overall leadership, coordination and 
policy guidance of civilian agencies, who must be 
provided the requisite resources and authorities to 
perform this leadership role. 
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228 
(10) The United States should adopt, between 
the Department of State and USAID, a lead-agency 
approach with a clear division of leadership and re-
sponsibility for humanitarian response. Under the 
guidance of the President, the Secretary should lead 
for operations responding to political and security 
crises, while the Administrator should lead for oper-
ations in response to humanitarian crises resulting 
from large-scale natural or industrial disasters, fam-
ines, disease outbreaks, and other natural phe-
nomena. 
(11) Humanitarian action should be undertaken 
in a timely, flexible, and efficient manner on the 
basis of assessed needs. 
(12) In addition to providing funding for relief 
efforts, the United States should use its leverage to 
assist humanitarian agencies in obtaining secure, 
unfettered access to survivors in crisis situations. 
(13) To ensure impartiality, neutrality, inde-
pendence, and the appearance thereof, humanitarian 
action should be implemented by intergovernmental 
and nongovernmental international humanitarian or-
ganizations, in partnership with local communities, 
indigenous organizations, and affected governments 
whenever possible. 
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(14) Individuals affected by conflict, disaster, 
persecution, and displacement have the greatest 
stake in the performance of humanitarian programs 
and should, to the greatest possible extent, be in-
volved in the design, implementation, monitoring, 
and evaluation of such programs. 
(15) Humanitarian, reconstruction, and devel-
opment programs should be coordinated, planned, 
and funded to ensure continuity of life-sustaining 
services during transition phases. 
(16) Humanitarian, development, and other 
economic assistance programs should be designed 
with an eye toward reducing the risk and impact of 
future conflict and crisis and building resiliency 
among the most vulnerable populations. 
(17) United States humanitarian action should 
strive to ensure that refugees, internally displaced 
persons, and other conflict-affected individuals and 
communities are treated equally in the application of 
policy and the allocation of resources. 
(18) To promote learning, accountability, trans-
parency, and the efficient use of resources, the 
United States should support independent moni-
toring and evaluation of all humanitarian assistance. 
(b) DEFINITION.—In this section— 
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(1) the term ‘‘United States humanitarian ac-
tion’’ or ‘‘humanitarian action’’ means— 
(A) humanitarian assistance as defined in 
section 6; 
(B) assistance under any provision of law 
to save lives, alleviate human suffering, and 
protect vulnerable populations in an inter-
national disaster; and 
(C) diplomatic and military activities in 
support of the goal and objectives of this chap-
ter; and 
(2) the term ‘‘INEE Minimum Standards’’ 
means the standards for education developed by the 
Inter-Agency Network on Education in Emergencies 
for use in emergency response, emergency prepared-
ness, and humanitarian advocacy. 
SEC. 1904. INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of this or any other Act, the Administrator is 
authorized to provide assistance to any foreign country, 
international organization, or private voluntary organiza-
tion, on such terms and conditions as the Administrator 
may determine, for international disaster relief, recovery, 
and reconstruction, including assistance relating to dis-
aster preparedness, and to the prediction of, and contin-
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gency planning for, disasters and humanitarian crises 
abroad. 
(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Amounts made avail-
able under this section are authorized to remain available 
until expended. 
(c) REIMBURSEMENT AUTHORITY.—In addition to 
amounts otherwise available to carry out this section, up 
to $100,000,000 of amounts made available under subtitle 
A in any fiscal year may be obligated for the purposes 
of, and in accordance with the authorities of, this section. 
Amounts subsequently made available under this section 
may be used to reimburse any account under which obliga-
tions were incurred under this subsection. 
SEC. 1905. EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE FUND. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—Whenever the Administrator deter-
mines it to be important to the national interest of the 
United States, the Administrator is authorized to provide, 
on such terms and conditions as the Administrator may 
determine, assistance under this section for the purpose 
of meeting unexpected urgent humanitarian and food as-
sistance needs, notwithstanding any other provision of law. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a United 
States Emergency Humanitarian Response Fund to carry 
out the purposes of this section (in this section referred 
to as the ‘‘Fund’’). 
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232 
(c) 
TRANSFER
AUTHORITY; 
AVAILABILITY
OF 
FUNDS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available to 
carry out this section, the President is authorized to trans-
fer to the Fund from amounts made available under any 
other provision of this Act such sums as may be necessary 
to carry out the purposes of this section, except that the 
total amount in the Fund at any time shall not exceed 
$500,000,000. Amounts in the Fund are authorized to re-
main available until expended. 
(d) NOTIFICATION.—The President shall keep the ap-
propriate congressional committees currently informed of 
the use of funds and the exercise of functions authorized 
in this section. 
SEC. 1906. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) DISASTER.—The term ‘‘disaster’’ means a 
human-caused or natural occurrence that causes loss 
of life, health, property, or livelihood, inflicting se-
vere destruction and distress. 
(2) INTERNATIONAL DISASTER RELIEF, RECOV-
ERY, AND
RECONSTRUCTION.—The term ‘‘inter-
national disaster relief, recovery, and reconstruc-
tion’’ means— 
(A) disaster planning and preparedness, 
disaster risk reduction, and other actions to 
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233 
mitigate death and destruction in the event of 
a disaster; 
(B) immediate actions intended to save 
lives, alleviate human suffering, and protect vul-
nerable populations during and after a disaster; 
(C) short-term measures to facilitate the 
transition to self-sufficiency and safe lives and 
livelihoods following a disaster; and 
(D) actions to begin to reconstitute basic 
services and facilities following a disaster. 
(3) PROTECT.—The terms ‘‘protect’’ and ‘‘pro-
tection’’— 
(A) mean all activities aimed at obtaining 
full respect for the rights of the individual in 
accordance with international human rights 
law, international humanitarian law, refugee 
law, and the United Nations Guiding Principles 
on Internal Displacement; and 
(B) include activities to prevent, reduce, or 
mitigate the impact of violence, coercion, depri-
vation, or abuse on individuals or groups during 
international disasters. 
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234 
TITLE II—ADVANCING PEACE 
AND MITIGATING CONFLICT 
SEC. 2001. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Peacebuilding involves the full range of ap-
proaches, processes, and stages of transforming vio-
lent conflict into stable, peaceful relationships. 
(2) Because many of the greatest threats to 
United States national security have emerged from 
failed states, it is in the national security interest of 
the United States to support peacebuilding efforts to 
stabilize and secure fragile states and states under 
stress. 
(3) United States peacebuilding efforts are 
most effective when they are undertaken in coopera-
tion with the international community, and when 
they build local capacity to prevent and stop violence 
and mass atrocities. 
(4) In the event that prevention fails, the 
United States has an obligation to work both multi-
laterally and bilaterally to mobilize diplomatic, hu-
manitarian, financial, and when necessary and ap-
propriate, military resources to save lives and pro-
tect civilian populations. 
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(5) Civil society organizations, including inter-
national nongovernmental organizations and local 
community groups, play an important role in pro-
moting nonviolent conflict resolution, fostering har-
mony among religions, ethnic groups, communities, 
and factions, and facilitating second-track diplo-
macy. By coordinating with and working through 
such organizations, the United States can strength-
en the effectiveness of its peacebuilding programs. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to promote civilian security and long-term 
sustainable, secure, and stable communities. 
SEC. 2002. DEFINITION. 
In this title, the term ‘‘peacebuilding’’ means activi-
ties to prevent armed conflict, prevent and respond to 
mass atrocities, stabilize weak and fragile states, protect 
civilians in conflict zones, mitigate crises, help countries 
to rebuild and recover after conflict, and support transi-
tions to peace, stability, and democracy. 
Subtitle A—General Authorities 
SEC. 2011. PEACEKEEPING. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to employ a variety of unilateral, bilateral, 
and multilateral means to respond to international con-
flicts and crises, placing a high priority upon timely, pre-
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ventive diplomatic efforts and exercising a leadership role 
in promoting international efforts to end crises peacefully. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION.—The Secretary is authorized to 
provide assistance to foreign countries, international orga-
nizations, and regional arrangements, on such terms and 
conditions as the Secretary may determine, for peace-
keeping operations in furtherance of the national security 
interests of the United States. 
(c) REIMBURSEMENT.—Such assistance may include 
reimbursement for expenses incurred pursuant to section 
7 of the United Nations Participation Act of 1945 (22 
U.S.C. 287d–1), except that such reimbursements may 
not exceed $5,000,000 in any fiscal year unless a greater 
amount is specifically authorized by law. 
(d) DETERMINATION.—If the President determines 
that, as the result of an unforeseen emergency, the provi-
sion of assistance under this section in amounts in excess 
of amounts otherwise made available for such assistance 
is important to the national interests of the United States, 
the President may— 
(1) exercise the authority of section 9602 to 
transfer amounts made available to carry out section 
4103 for use under this section without regard to 
the 20 percent increase limitation contained in sec-
tion 9602, except that the total amount so trans-
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ferred 
in 
any 
fiscal 
year 
may 
not 
exceed 
$15,000,000; and 
(2) in the event the President also determines 
that such unforeseen emergency requires the imme-
diate provision of assistance under this section, di-
rect the drawdown of commodities and services from 
the inventory and resources of any agency of the 
United States Government of an aggregate value not 
to exceed $25,000,000 in any fiscal year. 
SEC. 2012. TRANSITION INITIATIVES. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The Administrator is author-
ized to provide, notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, assistance to support the transition to peace, democ-
racy, and sustainable development of a country or region 
that is at risk of, in, or in transition from, conflict or civil 
strife. 
(b) USE OF FUNDS.—Assistance under this section 
includes support for the following: 
(1) Developing or strengthening democratic in-
stitutions and processes. 
(2) Short-term economic and political stabiliza-
tion. 
(3) Reconstructing or revitalizing basic infra-
structure. 
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(4) Fostering reconciliation and the peaceful 
resolution of conflict. 
(c) TRANSFER AUTHORITY.—If the Secretary deter-
mines that it is important to the national interests of the 
United States to provide transition assistance in excess of 
amounts appropriated or otherwise made available under 
this section, up to $25,000,000 of the funds made avail-
able under this Act may be used for purposes of this sec-
tion and under the authorities applicable to funds made 
available under this section. 
(d) NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) BY
ADMINISTRATOR.—The Administrator 
shall notify the appropriate congressional committees 
not less than 5 days before beginning a new pro-
gram of assistance under this section. 
(2) BY SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall notify 
the appropriate congressional committee not less 
than 5 days before making a transfer pursuant to 
subsection (c). 
SEC. 2013. LIMIT ON PAYMENT TO UNITED NATIONS AND 
AFFILIATED AGENCIES. 
Section 404(b) of the Foreign Relations Authoriza-
tion Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103– 
236; 22 U.S.C. 287e note) is amended— 
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(1) by striking ‘‘CONTRIBUTIONS.—’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘Funds authorized’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘CONTRIBUTIONS.—Funds authorized’’; and 
(2) by striking paragraph (2). 
SEC. 2014. COMPLEX CRISIS, STABILIZATION, AND PREVEN-
TION FUND. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF FUND.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized 
to establish a fund, to be known as the ‘‘Complex 
Crisis, Stabilization, and Prevention Fund’’ (referred 
to in this section as the ‘‘Fund’’), to provide assist-
ance to a country or region designated by the Sec-
retary as a country at risk of, in, or in transition 
from, conflict or civil strife and for other purposes 
authorized in this section. 
(2) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—The Sec-
retary shall notify the appropriate congressional 
committees at least five days in advance of an obli-
gation of funds under this section. 
(3) WAIVER.—The requirement for notification 
under paragraph (2) may be waived if— 
(A) failure to do so would pose a substan-
tial risk to human health or welfare; 
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(B) the appropriate congressional commit-
tees are notified not later than three days after 
an obligation of funds; and 
(C) such notification contains an expla-
nation of the emergency circumstances necessi-
tating such waiver. 
(4) PURPOSE OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance may 
be provided under this section for the following pur-
poses: 
(A) Fostering reconstruction or stabiliza-
tion. 
(B) Mitigating or responding to emerging 
or unforeseen complex crises, including urgent 
political, social, or economic challenges that 
threaten stability. 
(C) Addressing systemic and immediate 
causes of crises and conflict. 
(D) Undertaking preventive measures to 
reduce the risk of crises and conflict and their 
impact on vulnerable populations. 
(b) LIMITATION.—The Secretary shall ensure that 
assistance provided under this section is not used for— 
(1) assistance of a military nature or for a mili-
tary purpose; or 
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(2) participation by an officer or employee of 
the United States in a foreign police action. 
(c) CONFLICT PREVENTION.—Not less than 25 per-
cent of amounts made available to carry out this section 
shall be used to support programs and activities to prevent 
an outbreak or escalation of violence in a country at risk 
of, in, or in transition from, conflict or civil strife. 
(d) TRANSFER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may transfer 
up to $500,000,000 of amounts made available 
under any other provision of law to be used to imple-
ment the purposes of this section. 
(2) ADDITIONAL
AMOUNTS.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, up to $5,000,000 or five 
percent, whichever is less, of any amounts that are 
specifically designated by this or any other Act for 
particular programs or activities may be transferred 
to carry out the purposes of this section. 
(e) RELATIONSHIP
TO OTHER LAWS.—Assistance 
provided from the Fund may be made available notwith-
standing any other provision of law. 
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SEC. 2015. ADDRESSING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND 
GIRLS IN HUMANITARIAN RELIEF, PEACE-
KEEPING, CONFLICT, AND POST-CONFLICT 
SETTINGS. 
(a) ACTIVITIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND 
AGENCY.— 
(1) DUTIES.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator are authorized to— 
(A) provide assistance to programs carried 
out by international organizations, international 
and local nongovernmental organizations, and 
governments, as appropriate, that— 
(i) prevent and respond to violence 
against women and girls in humanitarian 
relief, in a country or region at risk of, in, 
or in transition from, conflict or civil strife; 
(ii) build the capacity of humanitarian 
organizations and government authorities, 
as appropriate, to address the special pro-
tection needs of women and children; 
(iii) support efforts to provide imme-
diate assistance to survivors of violence 
and reintegrate such individuals through 
education, psychosocial assistance, trauma 
counseling, family and community reinser-
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243 
tion and reunification, medical assistance, 
and economic opportunity programs; and 
(iv) provide legal services for women 
and girls who are victims of violence; 
(B) work to incorporate activities to pre-
vent and respond to violence against women 
and girls internationally into any multilateral or 
bilateral disarmament, demobilization, rehabili-
tation, and reintegration efforts by— 
(i) providing protection and suitable 
separate facilities in demobilization and 
transit centers for women and girls for-
merly involved in, or associated with, fight-
ing forces; 
(ii) ensuring equitable reintegration 
activities 
and 
opportunities 
for 
such 
women and girls, including access to 
schooling, vocational training, employment, 
and childcare; 
(iii) providing essential medical care 
and psychosocial support for such women 
and girls who are victims of violence; and 
(iv) incorporating prevention and re-
sponse to violence against women and girls 
into programs for former combatants; 
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(C) designate and deploy specialists in vio-
lence against women and girls, as appropriate, 
as an integral part of the Agency’s Disaster As-
sistance Response Teams to ensure the integra-
tion of prevention and response to violence 
against women and girls internationally in 
strategies and programming; and 
(D) strive to ensure that all private part-
ners and others carrying out humanitarian re-
lief in a country or region at risk of, in, or in 
transition from conflict or civil strife— 
(i) train all humanitarian workers in 
preventing and responding to violence 
against women and girls, including in the 
use of mechanisms to report violence 
against women and girls; 
(ii) conduct appropriate public out-
reach to make known to the host commu-
nity the mechanisms to report violence 
against women and girls; and 
(iii) promptly and appropriately re-
spond to reports of violence against women 
and girls and treat survivors in accordance 
with best practices regarding confiden-
tiality. 
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(b) COORDINATION OF UNITED STATES GOVERN-
MENT EFFORTS.—The Secretary of Defense and the At-
torney General shall coordinate with the Secretary of 
State and the Administrator when carrying out programs 
relevant to the purposes of this section. 
(c) ENHANCING UNITED STATES LEADERSHIP AND 
ADVOCACY IN THE UNITED NATIONS.— 
(1) STRENGTHENING UNITED NATIONS PROCE-
DURES.—The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Administrator and the United States Permanent 
Representative to the United Nations, is authorized 
to promote United Nations efforts to— 
(A) develop and implement appropriate 
training programs for peacekeeping and human-
itarian personnel in prevention and response to 
violence against women and girls internation-
ally; 
(B) meet staffing goals for women military 
and police peacekeepers, including all-women 
teams and units; 
(C) enhance the deployment of civilian 
women at all levels to serve in peacekeeping 
missions, including through innovative staffing 
formulas; 
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(D) institute effective protection mecha-
nisms in and around United Nations-managed 
refugee and internally displaced persons camps; 
(E) implement a zero tolerance policy for 
sexual exploitation and abuse in United Nations 
peacekeeping and humanitarian operations; 
(F) support countries that contribute 
troops and police in— 
(i) taking appropriate actions to pre-
vent violence and abuse; 
(ii) providing materials for pre-deploy-
ment and in-theater awareness training; 
and 
(iii) taking other actions to promote 
full accountability in cases of abusive con-
duct involving the personnel of such coun-
tries; 
(G) continue to expand appropriate mecha-
nisms to permit individuals to safely bring to 
the attention of United Nations peacekeeping 
commanders and heads of humanitarian mis-
sions allegations of violence against women and 
girls internationally; and 
(H) ensure the capacity of the United Na-
tions Office of Internal Oversight to investigate 
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in a timely and efficient manner all credible al-
legations of violence against women and girls 
internationally, while protecting the whistle-
blower. 
(d) EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO VIOLENCE AGAINST 
WOMEN AND GIRLS.— 
(1) EMERGENCY RESPONSE.—Not later than 45 
days after receiving a credible report of serious or 
widespread incidents of violence against women and 
girls in a situation of armed conflict or civil strife, 
the Secretary and the Administrator shall, in con-
sultation with relevant stakeholders, identify and im-
plement emergency response measures. 
(2) CONSULTATION.—For the purposes of para-
graph (1), the term ‘‘relevant stakeholders’’ in-
cludes, as appropriate— 
(A) affected populations; 
(B) international, multilateral, and non-
governmental organizations operating in the af-
fected area; 
(C) the government of the country in 
which the violence is occurring; 
(D) governments in the region in which the 
violence is occurring; and 
(E) donor governments. 
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(3) CONGRESSIONAL
BRIEFINGS.—The Sec-
retary shall brief the appropriate congressional com-
mittees not less than quarterly on the status of inci-
dents of violence against women and girls in situa-
tions of armed conflict or civil strife, emergency re-
sponse measures taken, and consultations with rel-
evant stakeholders. 
SEC. 2016. DEMINING ACTIVITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized, not-
withstanding any other provision of law, to provide assist-
ance to foreign countries for demining activities, includ-
ing— 
(1) clearance of unexploded ordinance; 
(2) the destruction of small arms; and 
(3) related activities. 
(b) SPECIAL AUTHORITY.—Subject to such terms 
and conditions as the Secretary may prescribe, the Sec-
retary is authorized to make grants of demining equip-
ment to foreign countries and international organizations, 
for the purposes identified in this section. 
SEC. 2017. DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION, REINTEGRA-
TION, AND REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with the Administrator, is authorized to carry out pro-
grams in foreign countries to assist the disarmament, de-
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mobilization, reintegration, and rehabilitation of former 
combatants. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The programs referred to in 
subsection (a) shall be coordinated, as appropriate, with 
international nongovernmental organizations and the gov-
ernment of the country in which any such program is car-
ried out. 
Subtitle B—Strategies, 
Assessments, and Reports 
SEC. 2021. REGIONAL CONFLICT RISK ASSESSMENT AND 
CONFLICT MITIGATION STRATEGY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Armed conflict and civil strife often stem 
from dynamics that transcend traditional state bor-
ders and require cross-border and regional ap-
proaches. 
(2) United States diplomacy is often conducted 
on a bilateral, state-centric basis that fails to ad-
dress problems comprehensively or to identify and 
assess the full range of issues and opportunities. 
(3) A comprehensive approach towards conflict 
prevention is required, incorporating cross border 
and regional dynamics and non-state actors. 
(b) CONFLICT ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary, acting 
through the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democ-
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racy, and Human Rights and in consultation with the Ad-
ministrator, shall be responsible for ensuring that an an-
nual regional conflict risk assessment is conducted for 
each geographic region represented by an Assistant Sec-
retary. Each assessment shall include the following: 
(1) An identification of ongoing violent conflicts 
in the region. 
(2) An evaluation of the potential for outbreaks 
of violent conflict in the region. 
(3) A list of those conflicts determined to be at 
high risk of outbreak of escalation. 
(4) A description of new opportunities and chal-
lenges for conflict mitigation in the region. 
(c) CONFLICT MITIGATION STRATEGY.—For each 
conflict identified in subsection (b)(3), the relevant office 
or diplomatic or consular post of the Department of State, 
in consultation with the relevant office or overseas mission 
of the Agency, shall develop a conflict mitigation strategy. 
Such strategy shall include the following elements: 
(1) An analysis of the key drivers of potential 
conflict. 
(2) An analysis of the impact of current United 
States policies and programs on the drivers referred 
to in paragraph (1). 
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(3) Specific objectives in mitigating conflict for 
the next 1- to 3-year period, including indicators and 
other measurements of progress. 
(4) A plan for ensuring that basic human needs 
are met and civilians are protected during the period 
of the strategy. 
(5) A description of policies and programs 
needed to achieve the objectives identified in para-
graph (3). 
(6) A description of how such policies and pro-
grams will be coordinated with the policies and pro-
grams of local partners and the international com-
munity. 
(7) A description of the roles of each Federal 
agency in carrying out the conflict mitigation strat-
egy, and the mechanisms for interagency coordina-
tion. 
(8) The requirements for human and financial 
resources to carry out the conflict mitigation strat-
egy over the next 1- to 3-year period. 
(d) CONSULTATION.—In preparing each conflict miti-
gation strategy required under subsection (c), the relevant 
office or diplomatic or consular post of the Department 
of State shall consult with a wide range of local stake-
holders, including civil society organizations. 
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(e) TRANSMISSION
TO CONGRESS.—Each conflict 
mitigation strategy required under subsection (c) shall be 
transmitted to the appropriate congressional committees. 
SEC. 2022. DATA ON COSTS INCURRED IN SUPPORT OF 
UNITED 
NATIONS 
PEACEKEEPING 
OPER-
ATIONS. 
(a) QUARTERLY REPORTS.—The Secretary of De-
fense shall submit, on a quarterly basis, to the Committee 
on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, the 
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
a report setting forth all costs (including incremental 
costs) incurred by the Department of Defense during the 
preceding quarter in implementing or supporting resolu-
tions of the United Nations Security Council, including 
any such resolution calling for international sanctions, 
international peacekeeping operations, or humanitarian 
missions undertaken by the Department of Defense. Each 
quarterly report shall include an aggregate of all such De-
partment of Defense costs by operation or mission. 
(b) UNITED STATES COSTS.—The President shall 
annually transmit to the Secretary General of the United 
Nations the information required under subsection (a). 
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(c) UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATE COSTS.—The 
President shall direct the permanent representative of the 
United States to the United Nations to request that the 
United Nations compile and publish information con-
cerning costs incurred by United Nations Member States 
in support of the resolutions described in subsection (a). 
SEC. 2023. PEACE ON CYPRUS AND IN THE EASTERN MEDI-
TERRANEAN. 
(a) POLICY AND PRINCIPLES.—United States policy 
regarding Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey shall be directed 
toward the maintenance of a stable and peaceful atmos-
phere in the Eastern Mediterranean region and shall 
therefore be governed by the following principles: 
(1) The United States shall actively support the 
resolution of differences through negotiations and 
internationally established peaceful procedures, shall 
encourage all parties to avoid provocative actions, 
and shall strongly oppose any attempt to resolve dis-
putes through force or threat of force. 
(2) The United States will accord full support 
and high priority to efforts, particularly those of the 
United Nations, to bring about a prompt, peaceful 
settlement on Cyprus. 
(3) All defense articles provided by the United 
States to countries in the Eastern Mediterranean re-
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254 
gion will be used only in accordance with the re-
quirements of this Act and the agreements under 
which those defense articles were provided. 
(4) The United States will provide security as-
sistance for Greece and Turkey only when providing 
that assistance is intended solely for defensive pur-
poses, including when necessary to enable the recipi-
ent country to fulfill its responsibilities as a member 
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and shall 
be designed to ensure that the present balance of 
military strength among countries of the region, in-
cluding between Greece and Turkey, is preserved. 
Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to pro-
hibit the transfer of defense articles to Greece or 
Turkey for legitimate self defense or to enable 
Greece or Turkey to fulfill their North Atlantic 
Treaty Organization obligations. 
(5) The United States shall use its influence to 
ensure the continuation of the ceasefire on Cyprus 
until an equitable negotiated settlement is reached. 
(6) The United States shall use its influence to 
achieve the withdrawal of Turkish military forces 
from Cyprus in the context of a solution to the Cy-
prus problem. 
(b) QUARTERLY REPORT.— 
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(1) REVIEW.—Because progress toward a Cy-
prus settlement is a high priority of United States 
policy in the Eastern Mediterranean, the President 
and the Congress shall continually review that 
progress and shall determine United States policy in 
the region accordingly. 
(2) REPORT.—To facilitate such a review the 
President shall, not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and at the end of each 
succeeding 90-day period, transmit to the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate a report on progress made toward the conclusion 
of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem. Such 
transmissions shall include any relevant reports pre-
pared by the Secretary General of the United Na-
tions for the Security Council. 
(c) CERTIFICATION.—In order to ensure that United 
States assistance is provided consistent with the policies 
established in this section, the President shall, whenever 
transmitting a certification pursuant to section 4382 for 
Greece or Turkey, include in that certification a full expla-
nation of how such assistance will be consistent with the 
policy and principles set forth in subsection (a). 
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(d) PROHIBITION
ON
TRANSFER
OF
MILITARY 
EQUIPMENT TO CYPRUS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Any agreement for the sale 
or provision of any article on the United States Mu-
nitions List (established pursuant to section 4301) 
entered into by the United States after the date of 
the enactment of this Act shall expressly state that 
the article is being provided by the United States 
only with the understanding that it will not be trans-
ferred to Cyprus or otherwise used to further the 
severance or division of Cyprus. 
(2) REPORT.—The President shall submit to 
Congress a report on any substantial evidence that 
equipment provided under any such agreement has 
been used in a manner inconsistent with the pur-
poses of this subsection. 
Subtitle C—Organizations and 
Personnel 
SEC. 2031. ATROCITIES PREVENTION BOARD. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) Non-combatants comprise most of the cas-
ualties in modern conflict. 
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(2) In many cases, civilian deaths are the result 
of belligerents deliberately targeting civilians on a 
wide scale. 
(3) Civilians are vulnerable both during inter-
state conflict and intrastate situations, such as civil 
wars, insurgencies, and anarchic conditions associ-
ated with failed states. 
(4) There are common variables to situations 
giving rise to atrocities, including past history of 
such occurrences, persistence of articulated and non- 
articulated tensions, and poor or malevolent leader-
ship. 
(5) Most tellingly, atrocities—including geno-
cide—often occur when displaced persons attempt to 
flee conflict. 
(6) The United States is committed to working 
with our allies, and to strengthening our own inter-
nal capabilities, in order to ensure that the United 
States 
and 
the 
international 
community 
are 
proactively engaged in a strategic effort to prevent 
mass atrocities and genocide. In the event that pre-
vention fails, the United States will work both multi-
laterally and bilaterally to mobilize diplomatic, hu-
manitarian, financial, and—in certain instances— 
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258 
military means to prevent and respond to genocide 
and mass atrocities. 
(7) Preventing mass atrocities and genocide is 
a core national security interest and a core moral re-
sponsibility of the United States. 
(8) United States security is affected when 
masses of civilians are slaughtered, refugees flow 
across borders, and murderers wreak havoc on re-
gional stability and livelihoods. 
(9) Governmental engagement on atrocities and 
genocide too often arrives too late, when opportuni-
ties for prevention or low-cost, low-risk action have 
been missed. 
(10) Ensuring that a full range of options is 
available to senior policy makers requires a level of 
governmental organization that matches the method-
ical organization characteristic of mass killings. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERAGENCY ATROCITIES 
PREVENTION BOARD.—The President shall establish an 
Interagency Atrocities Prevention Board (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘Board’’) with the following responsibil-
ities: 
(1) Coordinate and synchronize a whole of gov-
ernment approach to preventing mass atrocities. 
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(2) Integrate the early warning systems of na-
tional security agencies, including intelligence agen-
cies, with respect to incidents of mass atrocities and 
coordinate the policy response to such incidents. 
(3) Conduct gaming and contingency planning 
exercises regarding atrocities prevention and re-
sponse. 
(4) Oversee the development and implementa-
tion of comprehensive atrocities prevention and re-
sponse strategies. 
(5) Identify available resources and policy op-
tions necessary to prevent the emergence or esca-
lation of mass atrocities, including— 
(A) foreign assistance; 
(B) diplomatic initiatives; 
(C) deployment of civilian expertise; 
(D) use of sanctions; and 
(E) military options. 
(6) Identify and close gaps in expertise, readi-
ness, and planning for atrocities prevention and 
early action across Federal agencies. 
(7) Ensure that risk assessments and policies to 
mitigate identified risks are communicated in a 
timely fashion to the relevant Federal agencies and 
integrated into activities. 
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(c) LEADERSHIP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall be headed 
by a senior director selected by the President, and 
who shall report to the Assistant to the President 
for National Security Affairs (commonly referred to 
as the ‘‘National Security Advisor’’). 
(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The senior director 
shall have primary responsibility for promoting 
United States Government policies to protect indi-
viduals affected by conflict and atrocities and car-
rying out the responsibilities identified in subsection 
(b). 
(d) COMPOSITION.—The Board shall be composed of 
representatives from the following agencies, and such oth-
ers as the President determines appropriate: 
(1) The Department of Defense. 
(2) The United States Agency for International 
Development. 
(3) The Department of State. 
(4) The Department of Justice. 
(5) The Department of the Treasury. 
(6) The Department of Homeland Security. 
(7) The Central Intelligence Agency. 
(8) The Office of the Director of National Intel-
ligence. 
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(9) The United States Mission to the United 
Nations. 
SEC. 2032. UNDER SECRETARY FOR CIVILIAN SECURITY, 
DEMOCRACY, AND HUMAN RIGHTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1(b) of the State Depart-
ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(b)) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (4) as para-
graph (5); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) UNDER SECRETARY FOR CIVILIAN SECU-
RITY, DEMOCRACY, AND
HUMAN
RIGHTS.—There 
shall be in the Department of State, among the 
Under Secretaries authorized by paragraph (1), an 
Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, 
and Human Rights, who shall have primary respon-
sibility to assist the Secretary and the Deputy Sec-
retary in the formation and implementation of pol-
icy, activities, and oversight related to crisis preven-
tion and response, democracy, human rights, and 
labor, and refugees and migration. The Under Sec-
retary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human 
Rights shall— 
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‘‘(A) coordinate and implement civilian re-
sponses to conflict, including deployment of the 
Civilian Response Corps; 
‘‘(B) oversee the full spectrum of conflict- 
related policies and programs in the Depart-
ment of State; 
‘‘(C) conduct strategic planning and budg-
eting for conflict-related activities within the 
Department of State; 
‘‘(D) manage prevention and response to 
refugee and humanitarian crises, including sup-
port for major international organizations in-
volved in aid to conflict affected populations; 
and 
‘‘(E) advance human rights and demo-
cratic values.’’. 
(b) ABOLITION.—The position of Under Secretary for 
Democracy and Global Affairs is hereby abolished. 
(c) TRANSFER.—Responsibilities for the position of 
Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs shall 
be transferred to the Under Secretary for Civilian Secu-
rity, Democracy and Human Rights, as appropriate. The 
individual serving in the capacity of Under Secretary for 
Democracy and Global Affairs as of the date of the enact-
ment of this Act may continue serve in the capacity of 
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the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and 
Human Rights. 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 2113(a) of 
the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis-
sion Act of 2007 (22 U.S.C. 8213(a); Public Law 110– 
53) is amended by striking ‘‘Under Secretary of State for 
Democracy and Global Affairs’’ and inserting ‘‘Under Sec-
retary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and 
Human Rights’’. 
SEC. 2033. CONFLICT AND STABILIZATION OPERATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 62 of the State Depart-
ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2734) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 62. CONFLICT AND STABILIZATION OPERATIONS. 
‘‘(a) BUREAU OF CONFLICT AND STABILIZATION OP-
ERATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established 
within the Department of State the Bureau of Con-
flict and Stabilization Operations. 
‘‘(2) ASSISTANT
SECRETARY
FOR
CONFLICT 
AND STABILIZATION OPERATIONS.—The head of the 
Bureau shall be the Assistant Secretary for Conflict 
and Stabilization Operations. The Assistant Sec-
retary shall report directly to the Under Secretary 
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for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human 
Rights. 
‘‘(3) FUNCTIONS.—The functions of the Bureau 
of Conflict and Stabilization Operations shall include 
the following: 
‘‘(A) Training, equipping, and deploying 
the Civilian Response Corps described in sub-
section (b)(1). 
‘‘(B) Developing, at the request of a Chief 
of Mission, a strategy or plan, and designing 
relevant programming, for stabilization and re-
construction, as appropriate to the local con-
text. 
‘‘(C) At the request of a Chief of Mission, 
mobilizing and deploying members of the Civil-
ian Response Corps as needed. 
‘‘(D) Entering into appropriate arrange-
ments with agencies to carry out activities 
under this section and the Reconstruction and 
Stabilization Civilian Management Act of 2008 
(title XVI of the Duncan Hunter National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009; 
Public Law 110–417). 
‘‘(E) Identifying and recruiting personnel 
in State and local governments, including law 
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265 
enforcement personnel, and in the private sector 
who are available to participate in the Reserve 
Corps established under subsection (b)(1)(B) or 
to otherwise participate in or contribute to re-
construction and stabilization activities. 
‘‘(F) Taking steps to ensure that training 
and education of civilian personnel to perform 
such reconstruction and stabilization operations 
is adequate and is carried out, as appropriate, 
with other offices in the Department of State 
and the United States Agency for International 
Development involved with reconstruction and 
stabilization activities. 
‘‘(G) Maintaining the capacity to field on 
short notice an evaluation team consisting of 
personnel from all relevant agencies to under-
take on-site needs assessment. 
‘‘(H) Maintaining a staff of experts to pro-
vide technical support for crisis mitigation, in-
cluding mediation and negotiation support 
teams. 
‘‘(I) Establishing and maintaining a cadre 
of deployable personnel to conduct contingency 
acquisition support. 
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‘‘(J) Establishing and maintaining on ac-
tive status a contingency contracting office for 
the purpose of procuring goods, equipment, and 
services for use in contingency operations and 
for assistance to support reconstruction and 
stabilization activities. 
‘‘(b) CIVILIAN RESPONSE CORPS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of State 
shall establish and maintain a Civilian Response 
Corps (referred to in this section as the ‘Corps’) to 
provide assistance in support of reconstruction and 
stabilization activities in countries or regions that 
are at risk of, in, or are in transition from, conflict 
or civil strife. The Corps shall be composed of active 
and reserve components. 
‘‘(A) ACTIVE CORPS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Active Corps 
shall be composed of not more than 200 
positions identified by the Secretary of 
State, in consultation with the Adminis-
trator, based on the skillsets identified by 
the Coordinator. 
‘‘(ii) 
MEMBERSHIP.—The 
Active 
Corps shall consist of United States Gov-
ernment personnel, including employees of 
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267 
the Department of State, the United 
States Agency for International Develop-
ment, and other agencies. 
‘‘(iii) DUTIES.—Members of the Ac-
tive Corps shall— 
‘‘(I) serve as liaisons between the 
Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization 
Operations and regional bureaus of 
the Department of State; 
‘‘(II) unless deployed abroad, be 
employed by the Under Secretary for 
Civilian Security, Democracy, and 
Human Rights; and 
‘‘(III) deploy, within 72 hours, 
anywhere outside the United States 
where the Secretary of State directs. 
‘‘(iv) SURGE.—Members of the Active 
Corps may be detailed by the Assistant 
Secretary for Conflict and Stabilization 
Operations to regional bureaus of the De-
partment of State to augment crisis and 
conflict planning and response. 
‘‘(B) RESERVE CORPS.— 
‘‘(i) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Reserve 
Corps shall consist of United States Gov-
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ernment personnel, individuals employed 
by State or local governments, or other ex-
perts who have the skills necessary for sup-
porting reconstruction and stabilization ac-
tivities, or who shall be trained and em-
ployed to carry out such activities, and 
who have volunteered for such purpose. 
‘‘(ii) 
LIST.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
maintain and continually update a data-
base composed of personnel who have vol-
unteered for the Reserve Corps. 
‘‘(iii) DUTIES.—Members of the Re-
serve Corps shall— 
‘‘(I) on a voluntary basis, deploy 
within 72 hours, anywhere outside the 
United States, where the Secretary of 
State directs; and 
‘‘(II) maintain appropriate skills 
and conditioning to deploy to assist in 
reconstruction and stabilization activi-
ties. 
‘‘(2) MITIGATION OF DOMESTIC IMPACT.—The 
establishment and deployment of any Reserve Corps 
shall be undertaken in a manner that avoids sub-
stantively impairing the capacity and readiness of 
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269 
the Federal Government or any State or local gov-
ernment from which Reserve Corps personnel may 
be drawn. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING TRAINING AND EDUCATION PRO-
GRAMS.—The Secretary of State shall ensure that 
personnel of the Department of State, and, in co-
ordination with the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, that 
personnel of USAID, have access to and make use 
of the relevant existing training and education pro-
grams offered within the Federal Government, such 
as those at the Center for Stabilization and Recon-
struction Studies at the Naval Postgraduate School 
and the Interagency Training, Education, and After 
Action Review Program at the National Defense 
University. 
‘‘(4) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) APPOINTMENTS TO FOREIGN SERV-
ICE.—Individuals who serve in the Civilian Re-
sponse Corps shall be eligible to be appointed as 
a member of the Foreign Service pursuant to 
section 303 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 
(22 U.S.C. 3943) for a term of up to three 
years. 
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‘‘(B) DEPLOYMENT.—Not less than 60 
percent of the Active Corps should be deployed 
outside of the United States at any one time. 
‘‘(C) PROMOTION.—Individuals who are 
career members of the Foreign Service shall be 
considered for promotion on the same basis as 
individuals who are assigned to diplomatic or 
consular posts with one-year tours of duty. 
‘‘(D) 
CHAIN-OF-COMMAND.—Once 
de-
ployed abroad, a member of the Civilian Re-
sponse Corps shall report to and serve under 
the operational control of the chief of mission of 
the country or region in which such member is 
deployed. 
‘‘(E) LIMITATION ON DEPLOYMENT.—The 
Secretary of State is authorized to deploy to a 
foreign country members of the Active Corps 
for a period of not longer than one year. Such 
period may be extended on a voluntary basis. 
‘‘(5) TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS FOR CERTAIN 
INDIVIDUALS.—The Secretary of State, acting 
through the Assistant Secretary for Conflict and 
Stabilization Operations, is authorized to appoint in-
dividuals with acquisition backgrounds to the Active 
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271 
or Reserve Corps on a one-year basis to implement 
contracts for contingency operations. 
‘‘(c) 
EMPLOYMENT
FOR
CONTINGENCY
OPER-
ATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) FOREIGN SERVICE LIMITED POSITIONS.— 
Pursuant to the authority of section 309 of the For-
eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3949), and not-
withstanding the limitation specified in section 305 
of such Act (22 U.S.C. 3945), the Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment (USAID) may appoint to the Senior Foreign 
Service up to ten individuals to be assigned to or 
support contingency operations. 
‘‘(2) WAIVER.—The provisions of section 8344 
or 8468 of title 5, United States Code, may be 
waived on a case-by-case basis by— 
‘‘(A) the Administrator of USAID, with re-
spect to the employment in USAID, or 
‘‘(B) the Inspector General of USAID, 
with respect to the employment in the Office of 
Inspector General, 
of an annuitant in a position for which there is ex-
ceptional difficulty in recruiting or retaining a quali-
fied employee, or when a temporary emergency hir-
ing need exists. 
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‘‘(3) PROCEDURES.—If the authority referred 
to in paragraph (1) is delegated, the Administrator 
of USAID or the Inspector General of USAID, as 
appropriate, shall prescribe criteria and procedures 
for the exercise of any authority under this section. 
‘‘(4) STATUS OF EMPLOYMENT.—A Federal em-
ployee for whom a waiver under this section is in ef-
fect shall not be considered an employee for pur-
poses of subchapter III of chapter 83, or chapter 84 
of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(d) EXCEPTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State may 
select and appoint employees to carry out conflict 
and stabilization activities without regard to the pro-
visions of title 5, United States Code, governing ap-
pointment in the competitive service and may fix the 
basic compensation of such employees without re-
gard to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 
of such title. 
‘‘(2) DELEGATION.—The Secretary of State 
may authorize the head of any agency to exercise the 
authority described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(3) DEFINITION.—For the purpose of this 
subsection, the term ‘employees’ means individuals 
who qualify as an employee as defined in section 
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273 
2105 of title 5, United States Code, and who are ap-
pointed on a time-limited basis solely to carry out 
reconstruction and stabilization activities under or 
consistent with this section.’’. 
(b) SPECIAL
AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, including section 304(c) of the Om-
nibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 
(22 U.S.C. 4834(c); Public Law 99–399), personnel des-
ignated by the Secretary, including members of the Civil-
ian Response Corps, shall not be bound by the regulations 
and guidance provided by the Bureau of Diplomatic Secu-
rity and shall deploy at the direction of the Secretary. 
(c) PERSONNEL.—The Reconstruction and Stabiliza-
tion Civilian Management Act of 2008 (title XVI of Public 
Law 110–417) is amended— 
(1) in section 1603 (22 U.S.C. 2734a note), by 
amending paragraph (5) to read as follows: 
‘‘(5) 
PERSONNEL.—The 
term 
‘personnel’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) individuals serving in any service de-
scribed in section 2101 of title 5, United States 
Code, other than in the legislative or judicial 
branch; 
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‘‘(B) individuals employed by personal 
services contract, including individuals em-
ployed pursuant to— 
‘‘(i) section 2(c) of the State Depart-
ment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 
U.S.C. 2669(c)); or 
‘‘(ii) section 636(a)(3) of the Foreign 
Assistance 
Act 
of 
1961 
(22 
U.S.C. 
2396(a)(3)); 
‘‘(C) individuals appointed under section 
303 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 
U.S.C. 3943); and 
‘‘(D) locally employed staff who are em-
ployed by participating agencies.’’; and 
(2) in section 1606(b) (22 U.S.C. 2734a(b)), by 
inserting ‘‘and to provide any related support’’ after 
‘‘assign personnel of such agency’’. 
SEC. 2034. DANGER PAY. 
Section 151 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 
Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (5 U.S.C. 5928 note; 
Public Law 101–246) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘or’’ after ‘‘Drug Enforcement 
Administration’’ and inserting ‘‘, the’’; and 
(2) inserting ‘‘, or the Civilian Response Corps’’ 
after ‘‘Federal Bureau of Investigation’’. 
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SEC. 2035. STABILITY POLICING COORDINATOR. 
The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 
is amended by adding after section 62 (as amended by 
2031 of this Act) the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 63. OFFICE OF THE STABILITY POLICING COORDI-
NATOR. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within 
the Department of State the Office of the Stability Polic-
ing Coordinator (in this section referred to as the ‘Office’). 
‘‘(b) COORDINATOR
FOR POLICE TRAINING.—The 
head of the Office shall be the Coordinator for Stability 
Policing (in this section referred to as the ‘Coordinator’). 
The Coordinator shall report directly to the Assistant Sec-
retary for Conflict and Stabilization Operations. 
‘‘(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Coordinator shall be 
responsible for developing a unified, coherent, comprehen-
sive, and effective program of law enforcement assistance 
in support of reconstruction and stabilization activities in 
countries or regions that are at risk of, in, or are in transi-
tion from, conflict or civil strife. Such program shall in-
clude the following elements: 
‘‘(1) Developing and overseeing curricula for 
police training specifically oriented towards recon-
struction and stabilization activities. 
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‘‘(2) Developing and implementing policies and 
procedures to ensure that human rights, and in par-
ticular those of women and girls, are protected. 
‘‘(3) In coordination with the Bureau of Con-
flict and Stabilization Operations, as appropriate, re-
cruiting, vetting, and training personnel to serve as 
police trainers. 
‘‘(4) Ensuring proper direction and oversight of 
contractors hired to implement police training pro-
grams under this section. 
‘‘(5) Establishing benchmarks to measure the 
progress of police training programs conducted 
under this section. 
‘‘(6) Coordinating assistance carried out by the 
Office with similar assistance provided by other Fed-
eral agencies and international donors. 
‘‘(7) Overseeing procurement and delivery of 
supplies and equipment, and monitoring the end use 
of such supplies and equipment. 
‘‘(8) Providing policy guidance and program 
support to the United States diplomatic and con-
sular missions in the country or region undertaking 
police training operations. 
‘‘(9) Providing guidance to the Bureau of Con-
flict and Stabilization Operations regarding the se-
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lection and training of law enforcement and judicial 
personnel for the Readiness Response Corps. 
‘‘(d) RELATIONSHIP TO GLOBAL RULE OF LAW POL-
ICY COMMITTEE.—The Coordinator shall ensure that the 
activities of the Office are consistent with the coordination 
plan established pursuant to section 3202 of the Global 
Partnerships Act of 2013.’’. 
SEC. 2036. TRAINING IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND 
MITIGATION. 
Section 708 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1980 
(22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) instruction on methods for conflict man-
agement and mitigation and on the necessary skills 
to be able to function successfully in countries or re-
gions that are at risk of, in, or are in transition 
from, conflict or civil strife, including— 
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‘‘(A) recognizing patterns of escalation and 
early warning signs of potential atrocities or vi-
olence, including gender-based violence; and 
‘‘(B) methods of early action, prevention, 
and response.’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(d) The training described in subsection (a)(4) shall 
be mandatory for all Foreign Service officers assigned to 
a position, or otherwise made available for service, in the 
department or agency or at a post overseas with respon-
sibilities in the subject matters described in such sub-
section. Training opportunities should include, as appro-
priate for the department and agency, respectively, fellow-
ships, details, and exchanges with relevant Federal agen-
cies, international organizations, and nongovernmental or-
ganizations.’’. 
TITLE III—SUPPORTING HUMAN 
RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY 
Subtitle A—General Provisions 
SEC. 3101. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) All human beings are born free and equal 
in dignity and rights. Recognition of the inherent 
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dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all 
members of the human family is the foundation of 
freedom, justice and peace in the world. 
(2) A democratic political system, in which the 
will of the people, as expressed in periodic and gen-
uine elections, is the basis of the authority of gov-
ernment, is the best guarantor of freedom of speech 
and belief and freedom from fear and want. 
(3) Democracy is a necessary but insufficient 
condition for the effective protection of human 
rights. Majority rule must be tempered by guaran-
tees for the dignity and rights of minorities. 
(4) The advancement of human rights and the 
institutionalization of democracy are important to 
the achievement of other United States foreign pol-
icy goals, such as reducing poverty, building peace, 
expanding prosperity and sustaining the global envi-
ronment. 
(5) Human rights and fundamental freedoms 
can be effectively advanced by— 
(A) bilateral and multilateral diplomatic 
overtures; 
(B) the development and implementation 
of international norms and standards, including 
voluntary codes of conduct; 
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(C) support for the establishment and 
strengthening of laws, policies and institutions 
that protect rights and freedoms, including 
technical assistance and training to govern-
ments and civil society organizations; 
(D) support for and protection of individ-
uals and civil society organizations who defend 
and exercise their human rights and democratic 
freedoms; 
(E) research and reporting on violations of 
human rights, including identifying those who 
commit such violations; 
(F) the threat or imposition of sanctions 
against violators, including criminal prosecution 
where appropriate; and 
(G) offering diplomatic and economic in-
centives for improved performance. 
(6) United States support for human rights and 
democracy should be open and explicit, with due re-
gard for the safety and independence of local part-
ners and impartiality among peaceful, democratic 
political parties and factions. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States, in keeping with its constitutional heritage 
and traditions and in accordance with its international ob-
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ligations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations 
and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to pro-
mote and encourage increased respect for human rights 
and fundamental freedoms throughout the world without 
distinction as to race, sex, language, religion, sexual ori-
entation or gender identity. 
SEC. 3102. COUNTRY REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS PRAC-
TICES. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Secretary shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees, by February 
25 of each year, a comprehensive report regarding the sta-
tus of internationally recognized human rights in each cov-
ered country. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall include, for each covered country, infor-
mation relating to— 
(1) respect for the integrity of the person, in-
cluding freedom from— 
(A) arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of 
life; 
(B) disappearance; 
(C) torture and other cruel, inhuman or 
degrading treatment or punishment; 
(D) arbitrary arrest or detention; 
(E) denial of fair public trial; and 
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(F) arbitrary interference with privacy, 
family, home or correspondence; 
(2) respect for civil liberties, including— 
(A) freedom of speech and press, including 
Internet freedom; 
(B) freedom of peaceful assembly and as-
sociation; 
(C) freedom of religion and conscience; 
(D) freedom of movement; and 
(E) provision of asylum and resettlement 
of refugees; 
(3) respect for political rights, including the 
right of citizens— 
(A) to change their government; 
(B) to take part in the conduct of public 
affairs; and 
(C) to vote and be elected at genuine peri-
odic elections; 
(4) respect for worker rights, including— 
(A) the right of association; 
(B) the right to organize and bargain col-
lectively; 
(C) prohibition of forced or compulsory 
labor; 
(D) prohibition of child labor; and 
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(E) acceptable conditions of work; 
(5) 
protection 
of 
all 
citizens, 
including 
marginalized groups, against violence, intimidation 
and discrimination, including, wherever applicable— 
(A) mass atrocities; 
(B) trafficking in persons; 
(C) sexual and gender-based violence; 
(D) criminalization of homosexuality or 
deprivation of fundamental freedoms due to 
sexual orientation or gender identity; 
(E) violations of the principles of volunta-
rism and informed choice in health care, includ-
ing coerced abortion and involuntary steriliza-
tion; 
(F) child marriage; and 
(G) compulsory recruitment and conscrip-
tion of individuals under the age of 15 by 
armed forces of the government of the country, 
government-supported paramilitaries, or other 
armed groups; and 
(6) official accountability, including— 
(A) government corruption and trans-
parency; 
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(B) government participation in, facilita-
tion of, or condoning of, violations of inter-
nationally recognized human rights; 
(C) steps taken by such government to 
prevent and respond to violations of inter-
nationally recognized human rights; 
(D) the extent of cooperation by such gov-
ernment in permitting an unimpeded investiga-
tion by international organizations, including 
nongovernmental organizations, of alleged viola-
tions of internationally recognized human 
rights; and 
(E) wherever applicable, such government’s 
votes in the United Nations Human Rights 
Council. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—In compiling data and making 
assessments for purposes of subsection (b), United States 
diplomatic mission personnel in each covered country shall 
consult with relevant international and nongovernmental 
organizations. 
(d) TRANSLATION
AND PUBLICATION.—For each 
covered country, the report required by this section shall 
be translated into the principal languages of the country 
and made available on the Internet website of the United 
States diplomatic mission to the country, or, where there 
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is no diplomatic mission, on the Internet website of the 
Department of State. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘covered country’’ means a coun-
try that— 
(A) receives assistance under this Act; or 
(B) is a member of the United Nations; 
and 
(2) the term ‘‘child marriage’’ means the mar-
riage of a girl or a boy who has not reached the min-
imum legal age for marriage in the country of resi-
dence, or where there is no such law, under the age 
of 18. 
SEC. 3103. ACTION PLANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DE-
MOCRACY. 
(a) ACTION PLAN REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), beginning 3 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and every 3 to 5 years there-
after, the Secretary, in coordination with the Admin-
istrator as appropriate, shall develop an action plan 
for human rights and democracy in each country 
that is included in the report under section 3102. 
(2) EXCEPTION.—The Secretary is not required 
to develop an action plan under this subsection for 
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any country with respect to which the Secretary de-
termines, based on the information required in the 
report under section 3102, that human rights and 
fundamental freedoms are generally respected. 
(b) PREPARATION OF PLANS.—The action plan re-
quired under subsection (a) shall be prepared— 
(1) in each country with a United States diplo-
matic mission, by the Chief of Mission, in coordina-
tion with the Mission Director of the Agency, if a 
Mission Director is assigned to such country, and in 
consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Democ-
racy, Human Rights, and Labor; or 
(2) in each country without a United States 
diplomatic mission, by the Assistant Secretary of 
State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, in 
coordination with the Assistant Administrator for 
Democratic and Civic Development and the relevant 
regional bureaus of the Department of State and 
United States Agency for International Develop-
ment. 
(c) ELEMENTS.—The action plan required under sub-
section (a) shall contain the following elements: 
(1) A description of the major barriers in such 
country to fundamental rights and freedoms. 
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(2) Specific improvements in the areas identi-
fied under paragraph (1) that the United States will 
seek over the next 3 to 5 years. 
(3) A description of the policies and programs, 
including assistance, to be undertaken in order to 
foster the improvements identified in paragraph (2). 
(4) A description of the roles of each partici-
pating Federal agency in carrying out the policies 
and programs identified in paragraph (3). 
(5) A description of the budgetary and per-
sonnel resources needed to carry out the policies and 
programs identified in paragraph (3). 
(d) CONSULTATION.—In preparing the action plan 
required under subsection (a), the relevant officials shall 
consult with a wide range of nongovernmental organiza-
tions in the country and with nongovernmental organiza-
tions having significant experience in or knowledge about 
the country. 
(e) TRANSMISSION.— 
(1) TO CONGRESS.—The action plan required 
under subsection (a) shall be transmitted to the ap-
propriate congressional committees. 
(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—At a minimum, the 
elements of the action plan described in paragraphs 
(1) and (2) of subsection (c) shall be published on 
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the Internet website of the Department of State and, 
in countries in which a United States diplomatic 
mission is established, on the mission’s Internet 
website. 
(f) STRATEGIC COORDINATION.—In order to avoid 
duplication and policy inconsistency, the Secretary shall 
ensure that the action plan required under subsection (a) 
is coordinated with all other relevant diplomatic and devel-
opment strategies, in particular the strategies prepared 
pursuant to— 
(1) section 1703, relating to Global Strategy for 
Gender Equality; 
(2) section 1018, relating to Country Develop-
ment Cooperation Strategies; 
(3) section 2012, relating to Conflict Mitigation 
Strategy; and 
(4) section 3203, relating to Comprehensive 
International Strategy to Prevent and Respond to 
Violence Against Women and Girls. 
SEC. 3104. HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY FUND. 
(a) 
ESTABLISHMENT.—There 
is 
established 
a 
Human Rights and Democracy Fund (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Fund’’) to be administered by the Assist-
ant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 
Labor. 
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(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Fund is to protect 
and promote fundamental freedoms and internationally 
recognized human rights by— 
(1) supporting defenders of human rights and 
advocates of democracy; 
(2) assisting victims of human rights violations; 
(3) preventing and responding to violence 
against women and girls, in accordance with subtitle 
A; 
(4) carrying out child protection compacts in 
accordance with section 3402; and 
(5) responding to emergencies and unantici-
pated opportunities in the areas of human rights 
and democracy. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—In administering the Fund, the 
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human 
Rights, and Labor shall consult with the Ambassador-at- 
Large for Global Women’s Issues and the Assistant Ad-
ministrator for Democratic and Civic Development of the 
United States Agency for International Development. 
(d) ADDITIONAL FUNDS.—Funds made available 
under this section for a fiscal year are in addition to funds 
otherwise available for such purposes. 
(e) SPECIAL AUTHORITY.—Funds made available 
under this section for a fiscal year are authorized to be 
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made available notwithstanding any provision of law that 
restricts assistance to a foreign country. 
SEC. 3105. ROLE OF BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN 
RIGHTS, AND LABOR. 
Section 1(c)(2) of the State Department Basic Au-
thorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(c)(2)) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DE-
MOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—There shall be in the 
Department of State an Assistant Secretary of 
State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 
Labor who shall be responsible to the Secretary 
of State for matters pertaining to human rights 
and humanitarian affairs (including matters re-
lating to prisoners of war and members of the 
United States Armed Forces missing in action) 
in the conduct of foreign policy and such other 
related duties as the Secretary may from time 
to time designate. The Assistant Secretary shall 
carry out the Secretary’s responsibilities under 
section 3102 of the Global Partnerships Act of 
2013. 
‘‘(B) DUTIES.—The Assistant Secretary of 
State for Democracy, Human Rights, and 
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Labor shall maintain continuous observation 
and review all matters pertaining to human 
rights and humanitarian affairs (including mat-
ters relating to prisoners of war and members 
of the United States Armed Forces missing in 
action) in the conduct of foreign policy, includ-
ing the following: 
‘‘(i) Gathering detailed information 
regarding humanitarian affairs and the ob-
servance of and respect for internationally 
recognized human rights in each country 
to which the requirements of sections 3102 
and 3103, respectively, of the Global Part-
nerships Act of 2013 are relevant. 
‘‘(ii) Preparing the country reports 
and action plans required under sections 
3102 and 3103 of the Global Partnerships 
Act of 2013. 
‘‘(iii) Making recommendations to the 
Secretary of State and the Administrator 
of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development regarding implemen-
tation of the human rights policies, prin-
ciples, restrictions and authorities of the 
Global Partnerships Act of 2013. 
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‘‘(iv) 
Administering 
the 
Human 
Rights and Democracy Fund established 
under section 3104 of the Global Partner-
ships Act of 2013. 
‘‘(v) Performing other responsibilities 
which serve to promote increased observ-
ance of internationally recognized human 
rights by all countries. 
‘‘(C) CONSULTATION.—The Assistant Sec-
retary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, 
and Labor shall be consulted in the determina-
tions of which countries shall receive United 
States foreign assistance and the nature of the 
assistance to be provided to each country. 
‘‘(D) CERTAIN
ASSIGNMENTS.—Any as-
signment of an individual to a political officer 
position at a United States mission abroad that 
has the primary responsibility for monitoring 
human rights developments in a foreign country 
shall be made upon the recommendation of the 
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, 
Human Rights, and Labor in conjunction with 
the head of the Department of State’s regional 
bureau having primary responsibility for that 
country.’’. 
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SEC. 3106. DISCRIMINATION RELATED TO SEXUAL ORI-
ENTATION. 
(a) DESIGNATION OF OFFICER.—The Assistant Sec-
retary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 
shall designate an officer or officers who shall be respon-
sible for tracking violence, criminalization, and restrictions 
on the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms, consistent 
with United States law, in foreign countries based on ac-
tual or perceived sexual orientation and gender identity. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS.—The Secretary shall 
work through appropriate United States Government em-
ployees at United States diplomatic and consular missions 
to encourage the governments of other countries to reform 
or repeal laws of such countries criminalizing homosex-
uality or consensual homosexual conduct, or restricting 
the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms, consistent with 
United States law, by homosexual individuals or organiza-
tions. 
(c) TRAINING FOR FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS.— 
Section 708(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 
U.S.C. 4028(a)) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
inserting ‘‘the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, 
Human Rights, and Labor,’’ before ‘‘the Ambas-
sador at Large’’; 
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(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) instruction, in courses covering human 
rights reporting and advocacy work, on identifying 
violence, discrimination, and restrictions on the en-
joyment of fundamental freedoms, consistent with 
United States law, based on actual or perceived sex-
ual orientation and gender identity.’’. 
SEC. 3107. PERSONNEL AWARDS AND INCENTIVES. 
Section 2143 of the ADVANCE Democracy Act of 
2007 (22 U.S.C. 8243) is amended by striking the matter 
preceding paragraph (1) and inserting the following: 
‘‘The Secretary shall expand the range of awards and 
incentives to encourage members of the Foreign Service 
and other employees of the Department to take assign-
ments relating to the promotion of democracy and the pro-
tection of human rights, which may include the fol-
lowing:’’. 
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Subtitle B—International Violence 
Against Women and Girls 
SEC. 3201. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to— 
(1) promote the equal participation of women in 
the political, economic and social lives of their coun-
tries; 
(2) build the capacity of foreign governments 
and civil societies to prevent and respond to violence 
against women and girls; 
(3) ensure that all private partners under this 
Act take appropriate steps to prevent and respond to 
violence against women and girls; and 
(4) systematically integrate efforts to prevent 
and respond to violence against women and girls 
into United States foreign policy and foreign assist-
ance programs. 
SEC. 3202. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. 
(a) DESIGNATION.—The Secretary shall designate a 
senior official in the Department of State to conduct the 
activities of the Secretary under this subtitle. 
(b) DUTIES.—The Secretary’s designee shall work 
with the Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human 
Rights, and Labor, the Ambassador-at-Large for Global 
Women’s Issues, and the heads of other of relevant bu-
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reaus and offices of the Department of State and other 
Federal agencies to— 
(1) prepare the comprehensive international 
strategy required under section 3203; 
(2) collect and analyze data about violence 
against women and girls internationally; and 
(3) compile and disseminate information about 
effective methods of prevention and response, includ-
ing through the preparation of public reports. 
SEC. 3203. COMPREHENSIVE INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY 
TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO VIOLENCE 
AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS. 
(a) DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary, with the assistance 
of the Administrator, shall— 
(1) develop a comprehensive, 5-year inter-
national strategy to prevent and respond to violence 
against women and girls internationally; 
(2) submit the strategy developed under para-
graph (1) to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees; and 
(3) make the strategy available to the public. 
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(b) COLLABORATION AND COORDINATION.—In devel-
oping the strategy under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall consult with— 
(1) Federal agencies with expertise preventing 
and responding to violence against women and girls 
or administering international programs; 
(2) the Senior Policy Operating Group on Traf-
ficking in Persons; and 
(3) representatives of civil society organizations 
with demonstrated experience in combating violence 
against women and girls or promoting women’s 
health or women’s development issues internation-
ally. 
(c) CONTENT.—The strategy developed under sub-
section (a) shall— 
(1) identify 5 to 20 countries with significant 
levels of violence against women and girls, including 
within displaced communities, that have the govern-
ment or nongovernment organizational capacity to 
manage and implement gender-based violence pre-
vention and response program activities; 
(2) include individual, comprehensive plans for 
prevention and response in each of the countries 
identified under paragraph (1) (hereafter in this 
chapter referred to as ‘‘country plans’’); 
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(3) estimate the resource requirements for car-
rying out each country plan, including the proposed 
sources of funding and amounts to be contributed by 
or sought from partner countries and other public 
and private donors; 
(4) specify the roles and responsibilities of each 
Federal agency in carrying out the strategy; 
(5) ensure that the country plans are integrated 
with Country Development Cooperation Strategies 
required under section 1018 and action plans for 
human rights and democracy required under section 
3103, as appropriate; 
(6) explain the mechanisms and processes for 
consultation and coordination with partner countries 
and other public and private donors in all stages of 
planning and implementation of each country plan; 
and 
(7) describe the monitoring and evaluation 
mechanisms to be used for each country plan. 
(d) ACTIVITIES.—Each country plan should incor-
porate at least 2 of the following activities: 
(1) Enhancing the capacity of the health sector 
to prevent and respond to violence against women 
and girls. 
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(2) Developing and enforcing civil and criminal 
legal and judicial sanctions, protections, training, 
and capacity. 
(3) Supporting efforts to change social norms 
and attitudes so that violence against women and 
girls is neither condoned nor tolerated. 
(4) Expanding access of women and girls to 
quality education. 
(5) Increasing economic opportunities for 
women, including through access to credit, voca-
tional training, property ownership, and inheritance 
rights. 
SEC. 3204. ASSISTANCE TO PREVENT AND RESPOND TO VIO-
LENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS INTER-
NATIONALLY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator are authorized to use funds made available for eco-
nomic assistance to carry out the comprehensive inter-
national strategy and country plans developed under sec-
tion 3203 and to conduct research and collect and analyze 
data in accordance with section 3202. 
(b) COORDINATION OF ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary 
and the Administrator shall seek to ensure that programs, 
projects, and activities carried out under this subtitle are 
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coordinated with related programs, projects, and activities 
carried out under other provisions of law. 
SEC. 3205. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) PREVENTION
AND
RESPONSE.—The term 
‘‘prevention and response’’ means activities designed 
to prevent and respond to violence against women 
and girls. 
(2) VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS.— 
The term ‘‘violence against women and girls’’means 
any act of violence that results in, or is likely to re-
sult in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or 
suffering to women or girls, including threats of 
such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivations of lib-
erty, whether occurring in public or private life. 
Subtitle C—Rule of Law 
SEC. 3301. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Human security depends upon the existence 
of a system under which citizens are protected 
against arbitrary and abusive use of power, law and 
order are consistently maintained, and justice is ef-
fectively administered. 
(2) The rule of law must be carried out in ac-
cordance with international human rights standards, 
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which include the equality and accountability of all 
individuals before the law regardless of political or 
social status; the protection of individuals against 
arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by, or with the 
acquiescence of, the government; the independence 
of the judiciary and the legal profession from other 
branches of government; the professional mainte-
nance of law and order; and the transparent and fair 
administration of justice. 
(3) Responsible and effective criminal justice 
systems not only build the foundations for democ-
racy and economic growth in developing countries, 
but also help to stem illicit activities, such as drug 
trafficking and terrorism, that threaten United 
States national interests. 
(4) Provision of rule of law assistance to for-
eign police and security forces is an inherently gov-
ernmental function, which should be performed by, 
or under the direct supervision of, United States 
Government employees. 
(5) The United States should provide assistance 
to foreign law enforcement agencies only— 
(A) if such agencies have demonstrated a 
commitment to improving protection of the se-
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302 
curity, human rights and dignity of the civilian 
population; 
(B) within the context of a comprehensive 
program to strengthen the rule of law and im-
prove the administration of justice; and 
(C) in conjunction with a system to mon-
itor and evaluate the impact of such advice, 
training, and equipment. 
SEC. 3302. GLOBAL RULE OF LAW POLICY COMMITTEE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The President shall establish 
a Global Rule of Law Policy Committee (hereafter in this 
section referred to as the ‘‘Committee’’), to include the 
Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the Secretary of the Treasury, the 
Secretary of Defense, the Administrator, and the heads 
of other Federal agencies engaged in rule of law assist-
ance. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Committee shall 
be to promote coordination among Federal agencies car-
rying out rule of law assistance and to build capacity to 
provide such assistance effectively. 
(c) REVIEW.—The Committee shall have the author-
ity to review any proposed legislative or legal advice to 
be provided by private contractors to foreign law enforce-
ment agencies. 
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(d) COORDINATION PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Committee 
shall establish a plan for the coordination of rule of law 
assistance, including— 
(1) building capacity within the United States 
Government to provide expert, long-term advice and 
training for foreign civilian law enforcement agencies 
and judicial systems; 
(2) utilizing such capacity currently existing 
within other donor countries and international and 
nongovernmental organizations; 
(3) delineating the roles and responsibilities of 
each Federal agency in carrying out rule of law as-
sistance; 
(4) establishing general policies and principles 
guiding the provision of rule of law assistance; and 
(5) ensuring policy and program coordination 
among Federal agencies carrying out rule of law as-
sistance. 
(e) TRANSMISSION TO CONGRESS.—The coordination 
plan required under subsection (d) shall be transmitted 
to the appropriate congressional committees and made 
publicly available on the Internet. 
(f) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘rule of 
law assistance’’ means assistance under this or any other 
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Act to combat crime, improve law enforcement, and 
strengthen the administration of justice in a foreign coun-
try, including assistance under sections 1803, 3303, and 
5203. 
SEC. 3303. ASSISTANCE FOR RULE OF LAW. 
(a) NONLETHAL ASSISTANCE.—The President is au-
thorized to provide training, advice, and nonlethal equip-
ment to eligible foreign law enforcement agencies to im-
prove the capacity of such agencies to— 
(1) protect the safety and security of civilian 
populations, including through community policing; 
(2) promote respect for human rights and due 
process of law; 
(3) prevent and respond to violence against 
women and girls; 
(4) reduce organized crime, corruption, and fi-
nancial crimes; 
(5) carry out investigative and forensic func-
tions; 
(6) bring penal institutions into conformity with 
international humanitarian standards; 
(7) develop training curricula; 
(8) manage human and financial resources and 
carry out administrative functions, including internal 
discipline procedures; 
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(9) conduct strategic planning and institutional 
reform consistent with civilian democratic control; 
(10) institute effective mechanisms for account-
ability and oversight; 
(11) develop constructive relationships with the 
communities they serve; 
(12) prevent disputes from escalating into vio-
lence; 
(13) respond appropriately and effectively in 
disasters and emergencies; 
(14) control and protect land, air and maritime 
borders, and enforce customs; 
(15) participate in international peace support 
operations; 
(16) monitor and enforce sanctions regimes; 
(17) detect and interdict trafficking in persons, 
weapons, narcotics, and other contraband; 
(18) conduct maritime law enforcement and 
border control; and 
(19) combat terrorism and violent extremism. 
(b) ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.—The President is 
authorized to assist eligible foreign law enforcement agen-
cies to improve administration of justice, including 
through— 
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(1) revision and modernization of legal codes 
and procedures; 
(2) improving transparency and efficiency of ju-
dicial processes; 
(3) professional training, scholarships, and ex-
changes of lawyers, judges, and other judicial offi-
cials; 
(4) building administrative and financial man-
agement capacity in the justice sector; 
(5) programs to enhance protection of witnesses 
and participants in judicial cases; 
(6) strengthening professional organizations in 
order to promote services to members and the role 
of the bar in judicial selection, enforcement of eth-
ical standards, and legal reform; 
(7) increasing the availability of legal materials 
and publications; 
(8) developing systems to ensure competent de-
fense of indigent clients charged with crimes; 
(9) enhancing access of crime victims to legal 
information and services; and 
(10) programs to strengthen respect for the 
rule of law and internationally recognized human 
rights. 
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(c) ELIGIBLE AGENCIES.—A foreign law enforcement 
agency shall be eligible for assistance under this section 
only if— 
(1) the President determines, and reports to the 
appropriate congressional committees not less than 
15 days in advance of providing such assistance, 
that such agency has demonstrated a commitment to 
improving protection of the security, human rights, 
and dignity of the civilian population; 
(2) the assistance will be used to strengthen 
democratic control over the police or prison author-
ity or to improve adherence to international human 
rights standards; and 
(3) such agency is not otherwise prohibited by 
any provision of this Act from receiving assistance. 
(d) ACCOUNTABILITY.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall, not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, conduct a review of the 
effectiveness and results of rule of law programs supported 
by the United States Government over the prior 5-year 
period, including their outcomes for human rights, in 
order to determine best practices and lessons learned for 
future programming. 
(e) PARTICIPATION IN FOREIGN POLICE ACTIONS.— 
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(1) PROHIBITION ON EFFECTING AN ARREST.— 
No officer or employee of the United States may di-
rectly effect an arrest in any foreign country as part 
of any foreign police action, notwithstanding any 
other provision of law. 
(2) PARTICIPATION
IN
ARREST
ACTIONS.— 
Paragraph (1) does not prohibit an officer or em-
ployee of the United States, with the approval of the 
United States chief of mission, from being present 
when foreign officers are effecting an arrest or from 
assisting foreign officers who are effecting an arrest. 
(3) EXCEPTION FOR EXIGENT, THREATENING 
CIRCUMSTANCES.—Paragraph (1) does not prohibit 
an officer or employee from taking direct action to 
protect life or safety if exigent circumstances arise 
which are unanticipated and which pose an imme-
diate threat to United States officers or employees, 
officers or employees of a foreign government, or 
members of the public. 
(4) EXCEPTION FOR MARITIME LAW ENFORCE-
MENT.—With the agreement of a foreign country, 
paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to mari-
time law enforcement operations in the territorial 
sea or archipelagic waters of that country. 
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(5) EXCEPTION FOR STATUS OF FORCES AR-
RANGEMENTS.—This subsection does not apply to 
the activities of the United States Armed Forces in 
carrying out their responsibilities under applicable 
status of forces arrangements. 
SEC. 3304. DEFINITION. 
In this subtitle, the term ‘‘foreign law enforcement 
agency’’ means an agency— 
(1) with domestic arrest powers; 
(2) responsible for internal security, including 
the protection of life and property; and 
(3) that does not report to a defense ministry 
or similar or related entity of a foreign government 
and is not a military force. 
Subtitle D—Child Protection 
SEC. 3401. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds that— 
(1) the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 
2000 (Public Law 106–386) and subsequent reau-
thorization Acts establish a comprehensive frame-
work for monitoring and combating human traf-
ficking, including that of children; 
(2) under the Trafficking Victims Protection 
Act of 2000, the Secretary annually identifies coun-
tries that do not comply with minimum standards 
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for the elimination of trafficking, some of which are 
making significant efforts to bring themselves into 
compliance; 
(3) additional incentives should be provided to 
encourage countries to protect and rescue children 
subjected to severe forms of trafficking or sexual ex-
ploitation; and 
(4) such incentives can be provided in the form 
of assistance to countries that— 
(A) have a significant prevalence of traf-
ficking in children; 
(B) agree to address institutional weak-
nesses within the government that result in the 
failure to protect vulnerable children and to res-
cue and properly rehabilitate victims; and 
(C) agree to enhance efforts to apprehend 
perpetrators who engage in severe forms of 
trafficking in children and bring them to justice 
in national courts of law. 
SEC. 3402. CHILD PROTECTION COMPACTS. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The Secretary, acting through 
the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons 
and in consultation with the Senior Policy Operating 
Group on Trafficking in Persons, is authorized to enter 
into a compact described in subsection (b) with an eligible 
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country described in subsection (c) to protect and rescue 
children subjected to severe forms of trafficking or sexual 
exploitation. Such compact shall be known as a ‘‘Child 
Protection Compact’’. 
(b) COMPACT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A compact described in this 
subsection is an agreement between the United 
States and an eligible country that establishes a 
multiyear plan to protect and rescue children sub-
jected to severe forms of trafficking or sexual exploi-
tation. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—A compact shall contain— 
(A) the specific objectives that the country 
and the United States expect to achieve during 
the term of the compact; 
(B) the responsibilities of the country and 
the United States in the achievement of such 
objectives; 
(C) the particular programs or initiatives 
to be undertaken in the achievement of such ob-
jectives and the amount of funding to be allo-
cated to each program or initiative; 
(D) regular outcome indicators to monitor 
and measure progress toward achieving such 
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objectives, including indicators for each pro-
gram or initiative; 
(E) a multi-year financial plan, including 
the estimated amount of contributions by the 
United States and the country; and 
(F) the strategy of the country to sustain 
progress made toward achieving such objectives 
after expiration of the compact. 
(3) PROGRAMS
AND
INITIATIVES.—Programs 
and initiatives under a compact may include— 
(A) evaluating legal standards and prac-
tices and recommending improvements that will 
increase the likelihood of successful prosecu-
tions; 
(B) training anti-trafficking police and in-
vestigators; 
(C) increasing public awareness of the 
risks and dangers of child trafficking; 
(D) building cooperation between domestic 
nongovernmental organizations and law enforce-
ment agencies to identify and rescue victims; 
(E) making courts more friendly to vic-
tims; 
(F) providing rehabilitation and reintegra-
tion services for rescued children; 
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(G) supporting innovative technology and 
improved data collection to prevent child traf-
ficking, aid in the prosecution of criminals, and 
rescue victims; and 
(H) developing regional cooperative plans 
with neighboring countries to prevent cross-bor-
der trafficking of children and child sex tour-
ism. 
(c) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—A country is eligible for 
a compact if the country— 
(1) is a developing country, in that term is de-
fined in section 1023; 
(2) is a Tier II country or Tier II Watch List 
country; 
(3) has a documented high prevalence of traf-
ficking of children; and 
(4) has demonstrated political will and sus-
tained commitment by the government to undertake 
meaningful measures to address severe forms of 
trafficking of children, including— 
(A) enactment and enforcement of laws 
criminalizing trafficking in children with pun-
ishments commensurate with the crime, includ-
ing, when necessary, against complicit govern-
ment officials; 
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314 
(B) cooperation with local and inter-
national nongovernmental organizations with 
demonstrated expertise in combating the traf-
ficking in children; and 
(C) the treatment of child trafficking vic-
tims in accordance with Article 6(3) of the Pro-
tocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traf-
ficking in Persons, Especially Women and Chil-
dren, Supplementing the United Nations Con-
vention 
Against 
Transnational 
Organized 
Crime. 
SEC. 3403. AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized to use 
funds made available under this Act for economic assist-
ance to— 
(1) develop a Child Protection Compact between 
the United States and an eligible country under sec-
tion 3402; and 
(2) provide assistance to an eligible entity de-
scribed in subsection (b) to carry out a Child Protec-
tion Compact. 
(b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—In carrying out a Child 
Protection Compact, the Secretary may provide assistance 
to— 
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315 
(1) the national government of the eligible 
country under section 3402; 
(2) regional or local governmental units of an 
eligible country under section 3402; 
(3) a regional or international organization; or 
(4) a nongovernmental organization or a private 
entity with expertise in the protection of vulnerable 
children, the investigation and prosecution of those 
who engage in or benefit from child trafficking, or 
the rescue of child victims of trafficking. 
SEC. 3404. SUSPENSION AND TERMINATION OF ASSIST-
ANCE. 
(a) SUSPENSION
AND TERMINATION
OF ASSIST-
ANCE.—The Secretary shall suspend or terminate assist-
ance under section 3403 in whole or in part for an eligible 
entity under section 3403 if the Secretary determines 
that— 
(1) the entity is engaged in activities that are 
contrary to the national security interests of the 
United States; 
(2) the entity has engaged in a pattern of ac-
tions inconsistent with the criteria used to determine 
the eligibility of the country or entity, as the case 
may be; or 
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316 
(3) the entity has failed to adhere to its respon-
sibilities under the Child Protection Compact. 
(b) REINSTATEMENT.—The Secretary may reinstate 
assistance that has been suspended or terminated under 
subsection (a) only if the Secretary determines that the 
entity has demonstrated a commitment to correcting each 
condition for which assistance was suspended or termi-
nated. 
(c) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 
3 days after the date on which the Secretary suspends or 
terminates assistance under subsection (a) for an entity, 
or reinstates assistance under subsection (b) for an entity, 
the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that contains the determination 
of the Secretary under subsection (a) or subsection (b), 
as the case may be. 
SEC. 3405. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION. 
(a) PRIOR CONSULTATION.—Not later than 15 days 
prior to the start of negotiations of a Child Protection 
Compact with a country, the Ambassador shall consult 
with the appropriate congressional committees. 
(b) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 
10 days after entering into a Child Protection Compact 
with a country, the Ambassador shall notify the appro-
priate congressional committees, and shall provide a de-
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tailed summary of the Compact and a copy of the text 
of the Compact. 
(c) MONITORING AND EVALUATION.—The Ambas-
sador shall ensure that regular monitoring reports for 
each compact are prepared and made available to the ap-
propriate congressional committees, and that an inde-
pendent impact evaluation is conducted upon the comple-
tion of a compact. 
SEC. 3406. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) AMBASSADOR.—The term ‘‘Ambassador’’ 
means the Ambassador-at-Large of the Department 
of State’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking 
in Persons. 
(2) CHILD PROTECTION.—The term ‘‘child pro-
tection’’ means efforts to prevent and respond to vio-
lence, exploitation, and abuse against children. 
(3) COMPACT.—The term ‘‘Child Protection 
Compact’’ or ‘‘Compact’’ means a Child Protection 
Compact described in section 3402. 
(4) SEVERE
FORMS
OF
TRAFFICKING.—The 
term ‘‘severe forms of trafficking in persons’’ 
means— 
(A) sex trafficking in which a commercial 
sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, 
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or in which the person induced to perform such 
act has not attained 18 years of age; or 
(B) the recruitment, harboring, transpor-
tation, provision, or obtaining of a person for 
labor or services, through the use of force, 
fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection 
to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, 
or slavery. 
(5) TIER II COUNTRIES AND TIER II WATCH 
LIST COUNTRIES.—The terms ‘‘Tier II countries’’ 
and ‘‘Tier II Watch List countries’’ mean those 
countries designated by the Secretary as not meeting 
minimum standards for the elimination of traf-
ficking. 
TITLE IV—BUILDING AND REIN-
FORCING STRATEGIC PART-
NERSHIPS 
SEC. 4001. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The ultimate goal of the United States con-
tinues to be a world which is free from the scourge 
of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments, 
in which the use of force has been subordinated to 
the rule of law, and in which international adjust-
ments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. 
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(2) In furtherance of that goal, it remains the 
policy of the United States to encourage regional 
arms control and disarmament agreements; discour-
age arms races; and encourage restraint in the pro-
vision of armaments, especially small arms and light 
weapons and advanced conventional weapons, to 
countries in regions of instability. 
(3) The efforts of the United States and other 
friendly countries to promote peace and security con-
tinue to require measures of support based upon the 
principle of effective self-help and mutual aid. 
(4) The peace of the world and the security of 
the United States are endangered so long as hostile 
countries continue by threat of military action, by 
the use of economic pressure, by their active or per-
missive support of terrorists, terrorist organizations 
and extremism, and by internal subversion, or other 
means to attempt to undermine the peace, security, 
human rights, political freedoms, civil rights, or 
prosperity of others. 
(5) Peace and security for all is endangered by 
the failure of countries to live up to their sovereign 
responsibilities to protect civilian populations from 
violence, reduce terrorism, halt the spread of dan-
gerous materials, and control transnational crime. 
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(6) It is in the interest of the United States to 
help foreign countries build capable and accountable 
military, police, customs, and other security forces, 
under civilian democratic control, in order to exer-
cise their sovereign responsibilities. 
(7) Extreme poverty and underdevelopment are 
threats to peace. The provision of foreign assistance 
under this title to developing countries must take 
into account how the foreign assistance will affect 
such countries’ social and economic development and 
whether the foreign assistance is diverting resources 
away from development efforts that meet basic needs 
of the population and address root causes of insta-
bility. 
(8) Weapons and weapons systems are not and 
should not be considered to be normal commodities 
for international trade, and the United States should 
permit such sales only to the extent that such sales 
directly support United States foreign policy and na-
tional security objectives. 
(9) Foreign assistance under this title should 
not be provided if such foreign assistance will like-
ly— 
(A) contribute to an arms race or regional 
instability; 
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321 
(B) increase the possibility of outbreak or 
escalation of conflict, either within or across the 
borders of the recipient country; 
(C) support international terrorism; 
(D) prejudice the development of bilateral 
or multilateral arms control arrangements; 
(E) adversely affect the arms control or 
nonproliferation policy of the United States; 
(F) be in excess to the legitimate defense 
needs of the recipient country in terms of the 
actual threats to its national security it faces; 
or 
(G) undermine the objectives and purposes 
to promote and protect human rights and de-
mocracy under title III. 
SEC. 4002. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to promote the peace of the world and the 
foreign policy, security, and general welfare of the 
United States by fostering an improved climate of 
security, political independence and individual lib-
erty, improving the ability of friendly countries and 
international organizations to deter or, if necessary, 
defeat aggression in whatever form, facilitating ar-
rangements for individual and collective security, as-
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(1) it will not transfer title to, or possession or 
use of, any defense article, defense service, or related 
training so provided to it, or produced pursuant to 
a cooperative project agreement, to anyone who is 
not an officer, employee, or agent of the country or 
organization (as the case may be) or the specific 
member countries (other than the United States) in 
the case of a cooperative project agreement, without 
the prior consent of the President; 
(2) it will maintain the security of such articles, 
services, or related training and will provide substan-
tially the same degree of security protection afforded 
to such articles, services, or related training by the 
United States Government; 
(3) it will, as the President may require, permit 
continuous observation and review by, and provide 
necessary information to, representatives of the 
United States Government with regard to the use of 
such articles, services, or related training; and 
(4) unless the President consents to other dis-
position, it will return to the United States Govern-
ment for such use or disposition as the President 
considers in the best interests of the United States, 
such articles, services, or related training which are 
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414 
(2) commits in writing to the United States 
Government that it will not transfer the defense ar-
ticles if not demilitarized to any other foreign coun-
try or person without first obtaining the consent of 
the Secretary. 
SEC. 4363. PROCEEDS OF SALE OF RETRANSFERRED DE-
FENSE ARTICLES. 
The Secretary may not provide any defense article to 
a foreign country or international organization on a grant 
basis unless the country or organization has agreed that 
in disposing or transferring the defense article— 
(1) the disposition or transfer will be made on 
a sales basis; and 
(2) the net proceeds of the sale will be provided 
to the United States Government. 
SEC. 4364. CERTIFICATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may not give con-
sent to a retransfer of a defense article or defense service 
that would be, if it were a sale, subject to the requirements 
of section 4382 (regarding congressional certification of 
sensitive foreign military sales and agreements), unless 
the Secretary submits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a written certification with respect to such 
proposed retransfer containing— 
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(A) the purchaser; 
(B) the Federal agency responsible for im-
plementing the sale; 
(C) an estimate of the dollar amount of the 
sale; and 
(D) a general description of the real prop-
erty facilities to be constructed pursuant to 
such sale; 
(9) a listing of each export of defense articles 
under section 4311 during the quarter for which re-
port is made, specifying the recipient, the defense 
article, the dollar amount of the export, and a de-
scription of the cooperative agreement pursuant to 
which the export was made; 
(10) a listing of the consents to third-party 
transfers of defense articles or defense services 
which were granted, during the quarter for which 
such report is submitted, if the value (in terms of 
original acquisition cost) of the defense articles or 
defense services to be transferred is $1,000,000 or 
more; 
(11) a listing of all munitions items that were 
sold, leased, or otherwise transferred by the Depart-
ment of Defense to any other Federal agency during 
the quarter for which such report is submitted (in-
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462 
established by this section, the Secretary shall 
prioritize the processing of applications for licenses 
and agreements necessary for the export of United 
States-origin equipment over applications for Manu-
facturing License Agreements. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and not later than 1 year 
thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that contains a detailed 
description of— 
(1)(A) the average processing time for and 
number of applications described in subsection 
(a)(1) to— 
(i) a strategic United States ally; 
(ii) a major United States ally; and 
(iii) any other country; and 
(B) to the extent practicable, the average proc-
essing time for and number of applications described 
in subsection (b)(1) by item category; 
(2) the average processing time for and number 
of applications described in subsection (a)(2); 
(3) the average processing time for and number 
of applications for agreements described in part 124 
of title 22, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Compensation for any insur-
ance, reinsurance, or guaranty issued under this 
subtitle may not exceed the dollar value, as of the 
date of the investment, of the investment made in 
the project with the approval of the Corporation, 
plus interest, earnings, or profits actually accrued on 
such investment to the extent provided by such in-
surance, reinsurance, or guaranties, except that the 
Corporation may provide that— 
(A) appropriate adjustments in the insured 
dollar value be made to reflect the replacement 
cost of project assets; 
(B) compensation for a claim of loss under 
insurance of an equity investment may be com-
puted on the basis of the net book value attrib-
utable to such equity investment on the date of 
loss; and 
(C) compensation for loss due to business 
interruption may be computed on a basis to be 
determined by the Corporation that reflects 
amounts lost. 
(2) LIMITATION ON RISK OF LOSS.—Notwith-
standing paragraph (1), the Corporation shall limit 
the amount of direct insurance and reinsurance 
issued by it under section 7105 so that risk of loss 
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720 
the Department of State. The Office shall be headed by 
the Ambassador-at-Large (in this section referred to as 
the ‘‘Ambassador’’), who shall report directly to the Sec-
retary of State. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The Office shall coordinate efforts of 
the United States Government regarding gender integra-
tion and women’s empowerment in United States foreign 
policy. 
(c) DUTIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Ambassador shall— 
(A) coordinate and advise on activities, 
policies, programs, and funding relating to gen-
der integration and women’s empowerment 
internationally for all bureaus and offices of the 
Department of State and in the international 
programs of other Federal agencies; 
(B) design, support, and as appropriate, 
implement, limited projects regarding women’s 
empowerment internationally; 
(C) actively promote and advance the full 
integration of gender analysis into the pro-
grams, structures, processes, and capacities of 
all bureaus and offices of the Department of 
State and in the international programs of 
other Federal agencies; and 
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