cy or organization, from any other Federal 
agency or organization that the Secretary deter-
mines to be appropriate. 
(3) REPORTING.—The working group shall re-
port to the appropriate White House official, which 
may be the Assistant (if appointed). 
(4) DUTIES.—The working group shall submit 
to the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee of 
the Department of Commerce and the Nuclear En-
ergy Advisory Committee of the Department of En-
ergy quarterly reports on the standing of civil nu-
clear exports from the United States, including with 
respect to meeting the targets established as part of 
the 5-year civil nuclear trade strategy described in 
paragraph (5)(A). 
(5) STRATEGY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
working group shall establish a 10-year civil nu-
clear trade strategy, including biennial targets 
for the export of civil nuclear technologies, in-
cluding light water and non-light water reactors 
and associated equipment and technologies, civil 
nuclear materials, and nuclear fuel that align 
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with meeting international energy demand while 
seeking to avoid or reduce emissions. 
(B) COLLABORATION
REQUIRED.—In es-
tablishing the strategy under subparagraph (A), 
the working group shall collaborate with— 
(i) the Secretary; 
(ii) the Secretary of Commerce; 
(iii) the Secretary of State; 
(iv) the Secretary of the Treasury; 
(v) the Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion; 
(vi) the President of the Export-Im-
port Bank of the United States; 
(vii) the Chief Executive Officer of the 
United States International Development 
Finance Corporation; 
(viii) the United States Trade Rep-
resentative; and 
(ix) representatives of private indus-
try. 
SEC. 4. ENGAGEMENT WITH ALLY OR PARTNER NATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall launch, in ac-
cordance with applicable nuclear technology export laws 
(including regulations), an international initiative to mod-
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ernize the civil nuclear outreach to embarking civil nuclear 
energy nations. 
(b) FINANCING.—In carrying out the initiative de-
scribed in subsection (a), the President, acting through 
an appropriate Federal official, who may be the Assistant 
(if appointed) or the Chief Executive Officer of the Inter-
national Development Finance Corporation, if determined 
to be appropriate, and in coordination with the officials 
described in section 3(a)(2), may, if the President deter-
mines to be appropriate, seek to establish cooperative fi-
nancing relationships for the export of civil nuclear tech-
nology, components, materials, and infrastructure to em-
barking civil nuclear energy nations. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the initiative de-
scribed in subsection (a), the President shall— 
(1) assist nongovernmental organizations and 
appropriate offices, administrations, agencies, lab-
oratories, and programs of the Department of En-
ergy and other relevant Federal agencies and offices 
in providing education and training to foreign gov-
ernments in nuclear safety, security, and safe-
guards— 
(A) through engagement with the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency; or 
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(B) independently, if the applicable entity 
determines that it would be more advantageous 
under the circumstances to provide the applica-
ble education and training independently; 
(2) assist the efforts of the International Atom-
ic Energy Agency to expand the support provided by 
the International Atomic Energy Agency to embark-
ing civil nuclear energy nations for nuclear safety, 
security, and safeguards; 
(3) coordinate the work of the Chief Executive 
Officer of the United States International Develop-
ment Finance Corporation to expand outreach to the 
private investment community to create public-pri-
vate financing relationships to assist in the export of 
civil nuclear technology to embarking civil nuclear 
energy nations; 
(4) seek to better coordinate, to the maximum 
extent practicable, the work carried out by each of— 
(A) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission; 
(B) the Department of Energy; 
(C) the Department of Commerce; 
(D) the Nuclear Energy Agency; 
(E) the International Atomic Energy 
Agency; and 
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(F) the nuclear regulatory agencies and or-
ganizations of embarking civil nuclear energy 
nations and ally or partner nations; and 
(5) improve the efficient and effective exporting 
and importing of civil nuclear technologies and ma-
terials. 
SEC. 5. COOPERATIVE FINANCING RELATIONSHIPS WITH 
ALLY OR PARTNER NATIONS AND EMBARK-
ING CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY NATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall designate an 
appropriate White House official, who may be the Assist-
ant (if appointed), and the Chief Executive Officer of the 
United States International Development Finance Cor-
poration to coordinate with the officials described in sec-
tion 3(a)(2) to develop, as the President determines to be 
appropriate, financing relationships with ally or partner 
nations to advance civil nuclear exports from the United 
States or ally or partner nations to embarking civil nuclear 
energy nations. 
(b) UNITED STATES COMPETITIVENESS CLAUSES.— 
(1) DEFINITION OF UNITED STATES COMPETI-
TIVENESS
CLAUSE.—In this subsection, the term 
‘‘United States competitiveness clause’’ means any 
United States competitiveness provision in any 
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agreement entered into by the Department of En-
ergy, including— 
(A) a cooperative agreement; 
(B) a cooperative research and develop-
ment agreement; and 
(C) a patent waiver. 
(2) CONSIDERATION.—In carrying out sub-
section (a), the relevant officials described in that 
subsection shall consider the impact of United 
States competitiveness clauses on any financing rela-
tionships entered into or proposed to be entered into 
under that subsection. 
(3) WAIVER.—The Secretary shall facilitate 
waivers of United States competitiveness clauses as 
necessary to facilitate financing relationships with 
ally or partner nations under subsection (a). 
SEC. 6. COOPERATION WITH ALLY OR PARTNER NATIONS 
ON ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR DEM-
ONSTRATION AND COOPERATIVE RESEARCH 
FACILITIES FOR CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
coordination with the Secretary and the Secretary of Com-
merce, shall conduct bilateral and multilateral meetings 
with not fewer than 5 ally or partner nations, with the 
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aim of enhancing nuclear energy cooperation among those 
ally or partner nations and the United States, for the pur-
pose of developing collaborative relationships with respect 
to research, development, licensing, and deployment of ad-
vanced nuclear reactor technologies for civil nuclear en-
ergy. 
(b) REQUIREMENT.—The meetings described in sub-
section (a) shall include— 
(1) a focus on cooperation to demonstrate and 
deploy advanced nuclear reactors, with an emphasis 
on U.S. nuclear energy companies, during the 10- 
year period beginning on the date of enactment of 
this Act to provide options for addressing climate 
change by 2050; and 
(2) a focus on developing a memorandum of un-
derstanding or any other appropriate agreement be-
tween the United States and ally or partner nations 
with respect to— 
(A) the demonstration and deployment of 
advanced nuclear reactors; and 
(B) the development of cooperative re-
search facilities. 
(c) FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS.—In conducting the 
meetings described in subsection (a), the Secretary of 
State, in coordination with the Secretary and the Sec-
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retary of Commerce, shall seek to develop financing ar-
rangements to share the costs of the demonstration and 
deployment of advanced nuclear reactors and the develop-
ment of cooperative research facilities with the ally or 
partner nations participating in those meetings. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, the Secretary of 
State, and the Secretary of Commerce shall jointly submit 
to Congress a report highlighting potential partners— 
(1) for the establishment of cost-share arrange-
ments described in subsection (c); or 
(2) with which the United States may enter 
into agreements with respect to— 
(A) the demonstration of advanced nuclear 
reactors; or 
(B) cooperative research facilities. 
SEC. 7. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY CO-
OPERATION. 
Section 959B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16279b) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘The Secretary’’ and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary’’; 
(2) in subsection (a) (as so designated)— 
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(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘financing,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon at the end; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘preparations for’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (C)(v), by strik-
ing the period at the end and inserting a 
semicolon; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) to support, in consultation with the Sec-
retary of State, the safe, secure, and peaceful use of 
civil nuclear technology in countries developing nu-
clear energy programs, with a focus on countries 
that have increased civil nuclear cooperation with 
the Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of 
China; and 
‘‘(4) to promote the fullest utilization of the re-
actors, fuel, equipment, services, and technology of 
U.S. nuclear energy companies (as defined in section 
2 of the International Nuclear Energy Act of 2022) 
in civil nuclear energy programs outside the United 
States through— 
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‘‘(A) bilateral and multilateral arrange-
ments developed and executed in coordination 
with the Secretary of State that contain com-
mitments for the utilization of the reactors, 
fuel, equipment, services, and technology of 
U.S. nuclear energy companies (as defined in 
that section); 
‘‘(B) the designation of 1 or more U.S. nu-
clear energy companies (as defined in that sec-
tion) to implement an arrangement under sub-
paragraph (A) if the Secretary determines that 
the designation is necessary and appropriate to 
achieve the objectives of this section; 
‘‘(C) the waiver of any provision of law re-
lating to competition with respect to any activ-
ity related to an arrangement under subpara-
graph (A) if the Secretary, in consultation with 
the Attorney General and the Secretary of 
Commerce, determines that a waiver is nec-
essary and appropriate to achieve the objectives 
of this section; and 
‘‘(D) the issuance of loans, loan guaran-
tees, other financial assistance, or assistance in 
the form of an equity interest to carry out ac-
tivities related to an arrangement under sub-
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paragraph (A), to the extent appropriated funds 
are available.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The program under sub-
section (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) with respect to the function described in 
subsection (a)(3), be modeled after the International 
Military Education and Training program of the De-
partment of State; and 
‘‘(2) be authorized and directed by the Sec-
retary of State and implemented by the Secretary— 
‘‘(A) to facilitate, to the maximum extent 
practicable, workshops and expert-based ex-
changes to engage industry, stakeholders, and 
foreign governments with respect to inter-
national civil nuclear issues, such as— 
‘‘(i) training; 
‘‘(ii) financing; 
‘‘(iii) safety; 
‘‘(iv) security; 
‘‘(v) safeguards; 
‘‘(vi) liability; 
‘‘(vii) advanced fuels; 
‘‘(viii) operations; and 
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‘‘(ix) options for multinational co-
operation with respect to the disposal of 
spent nuclear fuel (as defined in section 2 
of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 
(42 U.S.C. 10101)); and 
‘‘(B) in coordination with— 
‘‘(i) the National Security Council; 
‘‘(ii) the Secretary of State; 
‘‘(iii) the Secretary of Commerce; and 
‘‘(iv) the Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out subsection (a)(3) $15,500,000 for each of fiscal years 
2023 through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 8. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL NUCLEAR PROGRAM SUP-
PORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
coordination with the Secretary and the Assistant (if ap-
pointed), shall launch an international initiative (referred 
to in this section as the ‘‘initiative’’) to provide financial 
assistance to, and facilitate the building of technical ca-
pacities by, in accordance with this section, embarking 
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(B) not more than a total of 5 grants of 
financial assistance under paragraph (1) to any 
1 embarking civil nuclear energy nation. 
(c) SENIOR ADVISORS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the initia-
tive, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Secretary and the Assistant (if appointed), may pro-
vide financial assistance to an embarking civil nu-
clear energy nation for the purpose of contracting 
with a U.S. nuclear energy company to hire 1 or 
more senior advisors to assist the embarking civil 
nuclear energy nation in establishing a civil nuclear 
program. 
(2) REQUIREMENT.—A senior advisor described 
in paragraph (1) shall have relevant experience and 
qualifications to advise the embarking civil nuclear 
energy nation on, and facilitate on behalf of the em-
barking civil nuclear energy nation, 1 or more of the 
following activities: 
(A) The development of financing relation-
ships. 
(B) The development of a standardized fi-
nancing and project management framework for 
the construction of nuclear power plants. 
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(C) The development of a standardized li-
censing framework for— 
(i) light water civil nuclear tech-
nologies; and 
(ii) non-light water civil nuclear tech-
nologies and advanced nuclear reactors. 
(D) The identification of qualified organi-
zations and service providers. 
(E) The identification of funds to support 
payment for services required to develop a civil 
nuclear program. 
(F) Market analysis. 
(G) The identification of the safety, secu-
rity, safeguards, and nuclear governance re-
quired for a civil nuclear program. 
(H) Risk allocation, risk management, and 
nuclear liability. 
(I) Technical assessments of nuclear reac-
tors and technologies. 
(J) The identification of actions necessary 
to participate in a global nuclear liability re-
gime based on the Convention on Supple-
mentary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, 
with Annex, done at Vienna September 12, 
1997 (TIAS 15–415). 
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(K) Stakeholder engagement. 
(L) Management of spent nuclear fuel and 
nuclear waste. 
(M) Any other major activities to support 
the establishment of a civil nuclear program, 
such as the establishment of export, financing, 
construction, training, operations, and edu-
cation requirements. 
(3) 
CLARIFICATION.—Financial 
assistance 
under this subsection may be provided to an em-
barking civil nuclear energy nation in addition to 
any financial assistance provided to that embarking 
civil nuclear energy nation under subsection (b). 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State 
to carry out the initiative $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027. 
SEC. 9. BIENNIAL CABINET-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL CON-
FERENCE ON NUCLEAR SAFETY, SECURITY, 
SAFEGUARDS, AND SUSTAINABILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President, in coordination 
with international partners, as determined by the Presi-
dent, and industry, shall hold a biennial conference on civil 
nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability (re-
ferred to in this section as a ‘‘conference’’). 
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(b) CONFERENCE FUNCTIONS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that each conference should— 
(1) be a forum in which ally or partner nations 
may engage with each other for the purpose of rein-
forcing the commitment to— 
(A) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, 
and sustainability; 
(B) environmental safeguards; and 
(C) local community engagement in areas 
in reasonable proximity to nuclear sites; and 
(2) facilitate— 
(A) the development of— 
(i) joint commitments and goals to 
improve— 
(I) nuclear safety, security, safe-
guards, and sustainability; 
(II) environmental safeguards; 
and 
(III) local community engage-
ment in areas in reasonable proximity 
to nuclear sites; 
(ii) stronger international institutions 
that support nuclear safety, security, safe-
guards, and sustainability; 
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(iii) cooperative financing relation-
ships to promote competitive alternatives 
to Chinese and Russian financing; 
(iv) a standardized financing and 
project management framework for the 
construction of civil nuclear power plants; 
(v) a standardized licensing frame-
work for civil nuclear technologies; 
(vi) a strategy to change internal poli-
cies of multinational development banks, 
such as the World Bank, to support the fi-
nancing of civil nuclear projects; 
(vii) a document containing any les-
sons learned from countries that have 
partnered with the Russian Federation or 
the People’s Republic of China with re-
spect to civil nuclear power, including any 
detrimental outcomes resulting from that 
partnership; and 
(viii) a global civil nuclear liability re-
gime; 
(B) cooperation for enhancing the overall 
aspects of civil nuclear power, such as— 
(i) nuclear safety, security, safe-
guards, and sustainability; 
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(ii) nuclear laws (including regula-
tions); 
(iii) waste management; 
(iv) quality management systems; 
(v) technology transfer; 
(vi) human resources development; 
(vii) localization; 
(viii) reactor operations; 
(ix) nuclear liability; and 
(x) decommissioning; and 
(C) the development and determination of 
the mechanisms described in paragraphs (7) 
and (8) of section 10(a), if the President in-
tends to establish an Advanced Reactor Coordi-
nation and Resource Center as described in 
that section. 
(c) INPUT FROM INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT.—It 
is the sense of Congress that each conference should in-
clude a meeting that convenes nuclear industry leaders 
and leaders of government agencies with expertise relating 
to nuclear safety, security, safeguards, or sustainability to 
discuss best practices relating to— 
(1) the safe and secure use, storage, and trans-
port of nuclear and radiological materials; 
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(2) managing the evolving cyber threat to nu-
clear and radiological security; and 
(3) the role that the nuclear industry should 
play in nuclear and radiological safety, security, and 
safeguards, including with respect to the safe and 
secure use, storage, and transport of nuclear and ra-
diological materials, including spent nuclear fuel and 
nuclear waste. 
SEC. 10. ADVANCED REACTOR COORDINATION AND RE-
SOURCE CENTER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall consider the 
feasibility of establishing a center, to be known as the 
‘‘Advanced Reactor Coordination and Resource Center’’ 
(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Center’’), for the pur-
poses of— 
(1) identifying qualified organizations and serv-
ice providers— 
(A) for embarking civil nuclear energy na-
tions; 
(B) to develop and assemble documents, 
contracts, and related items required to estab-
lish a civil nuclear program; and 
(C) to develop a standardized model for 
the establishment of a civil nuclear program 
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that can be used by the International Atomic 
Energy Agency; 
(2) coordinating with countries participating in 
the Center and with the Nuclear Exports Working 
Group established under section 3(b)— 
(A) to identify funds to support payment 
for services required to develop a civil nuclear 
program; 
(B) to provide market analysis; and 
(C) to create— 
(i) project structure models; 
(ii) models for electricity market anal-
ysis; 
(iii) models for nonelectric applica-
tions market analysis; and 
(iv) financial models; 
(3) identifying and developing the safety, secu-
rity, safeguards, and nuclear governance required 
for a civil nuclear program; 
(4) supporting multinational regulatory stand-
ards to be developed by countries with civil nuclear 
programs and experience; 
(5) developing and strengthening communica-
tions, engagement, and consensus-building; 
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(6) carrying out any other major activities to 
support export, financing, education, construction, 
training, and education requirements relating to the 
establishment of a civil nuclear program; 
(7) developing mechanisms for how to fund and 
staff the Center; and 
(8) determining mechanisms for the selection of 
the location or locations of the Center. 
(b) OBJECTIVE.—The President shall carry out sub-
section (a) with the objective of establishing the Center 
if the President determines that it is feasible to do so. 
SEC. 11. INVESTMENT BY ALLIES AND PARTNERS OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 
(a) COMMERCIAL LICENSES.—Section 103 d. of the 
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2133(d)) is 
amended, in the second sentence— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘for a production facility’’ after 
‘‘No license’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘any any’’ and inserting ‘‘any’’. 
(b) MEDICAL THERAPY AND RESEARCH DEVELOP-
MENT LICENSES.—Section 104 d. of the Atomic Energy 
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2134(d)) is amended, in the sec-
ond sentence, by inserting ‘‘for a production facility’’ after 
‘‘No license’’. 
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SEC. 12. STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE FUND WORKING 
GROUP. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a work-
ing group, to be known as the ‘‘Strategic Infrastructure 
Fund Working Group’’ (referred to in this section as the 
‘‘working group’’). 
(b) COMPOSITION.—The working group shall be— 
(1) led by a White House official, who may be 
the Assistant (if appointed), who shall serve as the 
White House focal point with respect to matters re-
lating to the working group; and 
(2) composed of— 
(A) senior-level Federal officials, selected 
by the head of the applicable Federal agency or 
organization, from— 
(i) the Department of State; 
(ii) the Department of the Treasury; 
(iii) the Department of Commerce; 
(iv) the Department of Energy; 
(v) the Export-Import Bank of the 
United States; 
(vi) the United States International 
Development Finance Corporation; and 
(vii) the Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion; 
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(B) other senior-level Federal officials, se-
lected by the head of the applicable Federal 
agency or organization, from any other Federal 
agency or organization that the Secretary deter-
mines to be appropriate; and 
(C) any senior-level Federal official se-
lected by the White House official described in 
paragraph (1) from any Federal agency or or-
ganization. 
(c) REPORTING.—The working group shall report to 
the National Security Council. 
(d) DUTIES.—The working group shall— 
(1) provide direction and advice to the officials 
described in section 3(a)(2)(A) and appropriate Fed-
eral agencies, as determined by the working group, 
with respect to the establishment of a Strategic In-
frastructure Fund (referred to in this subsection as 
the ‘‘Fund’’) to be used— 
(A) to support those aspects of projects re-
lating to— 
(i) civil nuclear technologies; 
(ii) rare earth elements and critical 
minerals (as defined in section 7002(a) of 
the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 
1606(a))); and 
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(iii) microprocessors; and 
(B) for strategic investments identified by 
the working group; and 
(2) address critical areas in determining the ap-
propriate design for the Fund, including— 
(A) transfer of assets to the Fund; 
(B) transfer of assets from the Fund; 
(C) how assets in the Fund should be in-
vested; and 
(D) governance and implementation of the 
Fund. 
(e) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the working 
group shall submit to the committees described in 
paragraph (2) a report on the findings of the work-
ing group that includes suggested legislative text for 
how to establish and structure a Strategic Infra-
structure Fund. 
(2) COMMITTEES DESCRIBED.—The committees 
referred to in paragraph (1) are— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices, the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
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sources, the Committee on Environment and 
Public Works, and the Committee on Finance 
of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives. 
(3) ADMINISTRATION OF THE FUND.—The re-
port submitted under paragraph (1) shall include 
suggested legislative language requiring all expendi-
tures from a Strategic Infrastructure Fund estab-
lished in accordance with this section to be adminis-
tered by the Secretary of State (or a designee of the 
Secretary of State). 
SEC. 13. UNITED STATES SMALL MODULAR REACTOR INI-
TIATIVE TO INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS 
AND EXPORT OF UNITED STATES NUCLEAR 
REACTOR TECHNOLOGIES. 
(a) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of this section 
are— 
(1) to expeditiously demonstrate domestic origin 
small modular reactor technology that is competitive 
in international markets against designs offered by 
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the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of 
China; 
(2) expeditiously promote and develop a domes-
tic nuclear supply chain to support near-term inter-
national export of small modular reactors; and 
(3) expeditiously develop and demonstrate small 
modular reactor technology that utilizes reactor fuels 
derived from low-enriched uranium. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi-
tion to amounts otherwise available, there are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary pursuant to the fund-
ing opportunity announcements of the Department num-
bered 
DE–NE0008935 
and 
DE–NE0008928, 
$1,439,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, to remain available 
until September 30, 2031, for ongoing work to support 
regulatory development, design, and deployment activities. 
SEC. 14. U.S. NUCLEAR FUELS SECURITY INITIATIVE TO RE-
DUCE RELIANCE ON NUCLEAR FUELS FROM 
RUSSIA AND CHINA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States and the allies of the 
United States need to eliminate reliance on the Rus-
sian Federation for energy fuels, including all forms 
of uranium; 
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(2) the Department should— 
(A) prioritize activities to increase domes-
tic production of low-enriched uranium; and 
(B) accelerate efforts to establish a domes-
tic high-assay, low-enriched uranium enrich-
ment capability; and 
(3) if domestic enrichment of high-assay, low- 
enriched uranium will not be commercially available 
at the scale needed in time to meet the needs of the 
advanced nuclear reactor demonstration projects of 
the Department, the Secretary shall consider and 
implement, as necessary— 
(A) all viable options to make high-assay, 
low-enriched uranium produced from inven-
tories owned by the Department available in a 
manner that is sufficient to maximize the po-
tential for the Department to meet the needs 
and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor de-
velopers, without impacting existing Depart-
ment missions, until such time that commercial 
enrichment and deconversion capability for 
high-assay, low-enriched uranium exists at a 
scale sufficient to meet future needs; and 
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(B) all viable options for partnering with 
ally or partner nations to meet those needs and 
schedules until that time. 
(b) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of this section 
are— 
(1) to expeditiously increase domestic produc-
tion of low-enriched uranium to prevent the reliance 
of the United States and, to the maximum extent 
practicable, ally or partner nations on nuclear fuels 
from— 
(A) the Russian Federation; 
(B) the People’s Republic of China; and 
(C) other countries determined by the Sec-
retary to be insecure supply sources with re-
spect to low-enriched uranium; 
(2) to expeditiously increase domestic produc-
tion of high-assay, low-enriched uranium by an an-
nual quantity, and in such form, determined by the 
Secretary to be sufficient to meet the needs of— 
(A) advanced nuclear reactor developers; 
and 
(B) the consortium; 
(3) to ensure the availability of domestically 
produced, converted, and enriched uranium in a 
quantity determined by the Secretary, in consulta-
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tion with U.S. nuclear energy companies, to be suffi-
cient to address a reasonably anticipated supply dis-
ruption; 
(4) to address gaps and deficiencies in the do-
mestic 
production, 
conversion, 
enrichment, 
deconversion, 
and 
reduction 
of 
uranium 
by 
partnering with ally or partner nations if domestic 
options are not practicable; 
(5) to ensure that, in the event of a supply dis-
ruption in the nuclear fuel market, a reserve of nu-
clear fuels is available to serve as a backup supply 
to support the nuclear nonproliferation and civil nu-
clear energy objectives of the Department; 
(6) to support enrichment, deconversion, and 
reduction technology deployed in the United States; 
and 
(7) to ensure that, until such time that domes-
tic enrichment and deconversion of high-assay, low- 
enriched uranium is commercially available at the 
scale needed to meet the needs of advanced nuclear 
reactor developers, the Secretary considers and im-
plements, as necessary— 
(A) all viable options to make high-assay, 
low-enriched uranium produced from inven-
tories owned by the Department available in a 
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manner that is sufficient to maximize the po-
tential for the Department to meet the needs 
and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor de-
velopers; and 
(B) all viable options for partnering with 
ally or partner nations to meet those needs and 
schedules. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR.—The term 
‘‘advanced nuclear reactor’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 951(b) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(b)). 
(2) ALLY
OR
PARTNER
NATION.—The term 
‘‘ally or partner nation’’ means— 
(A) the government of any country that is 
a member of the Organisation for Economic Co- 
operation and Development; 
(B) the Government of the Republic of 
India; and 
(C) the government of any country des-
ignated as an ally or partner nation by the Sec-
retary for purposes of this section. 
(3) ASSOCIATED
ENTITY.—The term ‘‘associ-
ated entity’’ means an entity that— 
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(A) is owned, controlled, or dominated 
by— 
(i) an ally or partner nation; or 
(ii) an associated individual; or 
(B) is organized under the laws of, or oth-
erwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a country 
described in any of subparagraphs (A) through 
(C) of paragraph (2), including a corporation 
that is incorporated in a country described in 
any of those subparagraphs. 
(4) ASSOCIATED INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘‘asso-
ciated individual’’ means an alien who is a national 
of a country described in any of subparagraphs (A) 
through (C) of paragraph (2). 
(5) CONSORTIUM.—The term ‘‘consortium’’ 
means the consortium established under section 
2001(a)(2)(F) of the Energy Act of 2020 (42 U.S.C. 
16281(a)(2)(F)). 
(6) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
(7) HIGH-ASSAY, 
LOW-ENRICHED
URANIUM; 
HALEU.—The term ‘‘high-assay, low-enriched ura-
nium’’ or ‘‘HALEU’’ means high-assay low-enriched 
uranium (as defined in section 2001(d) of the En-
ergy Act of 2020 (42 U.S.C. 16281(d))). 
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(8) LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM; LEU.—The term 
‘‘low-enriched uranium’’ or ‘‘LEU’’ means each of— 
(A) low-enriched uranium (as defined in 
section 3102 of the USEC Privatization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 2297h)); and 
(B) low-enriched uranium (as defined in 
section 3112A(a) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 
2297h–10a(a))). 
(9) 
PROGRAMS.—The 
term 
‘‘Programs’’ 
means— 
(A) the Nuclear Fuel Security Program es-
tablished under subsection (d)(1); 
(B) the American Assured Fuel Supply 
Program of the Department; and 
(C) the HALEU for Advanced Nuclear Re-
actor Demonstration Projects Program estab-
lished under subsection (d)(3). 
(10) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Energy. 
(11) U.S. NUCLEAR ENERGY COMPANY.—The 
term ‘‘U.S. nuclear energy company’’ means a com-
pany that— 
(A) is organized under the laws of, or oth-
erwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the United 
States; and 
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(B) is involved in the nuclear energy indus-
try. 
(d) ESTABLISHMENT
AND
EXPANSION
OF
PRO-
GRAMS.—The Secretary, consistent with the objectives de-
scribed in subsection (b), shall— 
(1) establish a program, to be known as the 
‘‘Nuclear Fuel Security Program’’, to prevent the re-
liance of the United States and, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable, ally or partner nations on LEU and 
HALEU from the Russian Federation and the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China by increasing the quantity of 
LEU and HALEU produced by U.S. nuclear energy 
companies; 
(2) expand the American Assured Fuel Supply 
Program of the Department to ensure the avail-
ability of domestically produced, converted, and en-
riched uranium in the event of a supply disruption; 
and 
(3) establish a program, to be known as the 
‘‘HALEU for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Dem-
onstration Projects Program’’— 
(A) to maximize the potential for the De-
partment to meet the needs and schedules of 
advanced nuclear reactor developers until such 
time 
that 
commercial 
enrichment 
and 
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deconversion capability for HALEU exists in 
the United States at a scale sufficient to meet 
future needs; and 
(B) where practicable, to partner with ally 
or partner nations to meet those needs and 
schedules until that time. 
(e) NUCLEAR FUEL SECURITY PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Nuclear 
Fuel Security Program, the Secretary shall— 
(A) not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, enter into 2 or more 
contracts to begin acquiring not less than 100 
metric tons per year of LEU by December 31, 
2026 (or the earliest operationally feasible date 
thereafter), to ensure diverse domestic uranium 
mining, conversion, enrichment, deconversion, 
and reduction capacity and technologies, includ-
ing new capacity, among U.S. nuclear energy 
companies; 
(B) not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, enter into 2 or more 
contracts with members of the consortium to 
begin acquiring not less than 20 metric tons per 
year of HALEU by December 31, 2027 (or the 
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earliest operationally feasible date thereafter), 
from U.S. nuclear energy companies; 
(C) utilize only uranium produced, con-
verted, and enriched in— 
(i) the United States; or 
(ii) if domestic options are not prac-
ticable, a country described in any of sub-
paragraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
(c)(2); 
(D) to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the use of domestic uranium uti-
lized as a result of that program does not nega-
tively affect the economic operation of nuclear 
reactors in the United States; and 
(E) take other actions that the Secretary 
determines to be necessary or appropriate to 
prevent the reliance of the United States and 
ally or partner nations on nuclear fuels from 
the Russian Federation and the People’s Re-
public of China. 
(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out para-
graph (1)(B), the Secretary shall consider and, if 
appropriate, implement— 
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(A) options to ensure the quickest avail-
ability of commercially enriched HALEU, in-
cluding— 
(i) partnerships between 2 or more 
commercial enrichers; and 
(ii) utilization of up to 10-percent en-
riched uranium as feedstock in demonstra-
tion-scale or commercial HALEU enrich-
ment facilities; 
(B) options to partner with ally or partner 
nations to provide LEU and HALEU for com-
mercial purposes; 
(C) options that provide for an array of 
HALEU— 
(i) enrichment levels; 
(ii) output levels to meet demand; and 
(iii) fuel forms, including uranium 
metal and oxide; and 
(D) options— 
(i) to replenish, as necessary, Depart-
ment stockpiles of uranium that was in-
tended to be downblended for other pur-
poses, but was instead used in carrying out 
activities under the HALEU for Advanced 
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Nuclear Reactor Demonstration Projects 
Program; 
(ii) to continue supplying HALEU to 
meet the needs of the recipients of an 
award made pursuant to the funding op-
portunity announcement of the Depart-
ment numbered DE–FOA–0002271 for 
Pathway 1, Advanced Reactor Demonstra-
tions; and 
(iii) to make HALEU available to 
other advanced nuclear reactor developers 
and other end-users. 
(3) AVOIDANCE OF MARKET DISRUPTIONS.—In 
carrying out the Nuclear Fuel Security Program, the 
Secretary, to the extent practicable and consistent 
with the purposes of that program, shall not disrupt 
or replace market mechanisms by competing with 
U.S. nuclear energy companies. 
(f) EXPANSION OF THE AMERICAN ASSURED FUEL 
SUPPLY PROGRAM.—The Secretary, in consultation with 
U.S. nuclear energy companies, shall— 
(1) expand the American Assured Fuel Supply 
Program of the Department by merging the oper-
ations of the Uranium Reserve Program of the De-
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partment with the American Assured Fuel Supply 
Program; and 
(2) in carrying out the American Assured Fuel 
Supply Program of the Department, as expanded 
under paragraph (1)— 
(A) maintain, replenish, diversify, or in-
crease the quantity of uranium made available 
by that program in a manner determined by the 
Secretary to be consistent with the purposes of 
that program and the objectives described in 
subsection (b); 
(B) utilize only uranium produced, con-
verted, and enriched in— 
(i) the United States; or 
(ii) if domestic options are not prac-
ticable, a country described in any of sub-
paragraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
(c)(2); 
(C) make uranium available from the 
American Assured Fuel Supply, subject to 
terms and conditions determined by the Sec-
retary to be reasonable and appropriate; 
(D) refill and expand the supply of ura-
nium in the American Assured Fuel Supply, in-
cluding by maintaining a limited reserve of ura-
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nium to address a potential event in which a 
domestic or foreign recipient of uranium experi-
ences a supply disruption for which uranium 
cannot be obtained through normal market 
mechanisms or under normal market conditions; 
and 
(E) take other actions that the Secretary 
determines to be necessary or appropriate to 
address the purposes of that program and the 
objectives described in subsection (b). 
(g) HALEU FOR ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR 
DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PROGRAM.— 
(1) ACTIVITIES.—On enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall immediately accelerate and, as nec-
essary, initiate activities to make available from in-
ventories or stockpiles owned by the Department and 
made available to the consortium, HALEU for use 
in advanced nuclear reactors that cannot operate on 
uranium with lower enrichment levels or on alternate 
fuels, with priority given to the awards made pursu-
ant to the funding opportunity announcement of the 
Department numbered DE–FOA–0002271 for Path-
way 1, Advanced Reactor Demonstrations, with ad-
ditional HALEU to be made available to other ad-
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vanced nuclear reactor developers, as the Secretary 
determines to be appropriate. 
(2) QUANTITY.—In carrying out activities 
under this subsection, the Secretary shall consider 
and implement, as necessary, all viable options to 
make HALEU available in quantities sufficient to 
maximize the potential for the Department to meet 
the needs and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor 
developers, including by seeking to make available— 
(A) by September 30, 2024, not less than 
3 metric tons of HALEU; 
(B) by December 31, 2025, not less than 
an additional 8 metric tons of HALEU; and 
(C) by June 30, 2026, not less than an ad-
ditional 10 metric tons of HALEU. 
(3) FACTORS
FOR
CONSIDERATION.—In car-
rying out activities under this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall take into consideration— 
(A) options for providing HALEU from a 
stockpile of uranium owned by the Department 
(including the National Nuclear Security Ad-
ministration), including— 
(i) uranium that has been declared ex-
cess to national security needs; 
(ii) uranium that— 
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(I) directly meets the needs of 
advanced nuclear reactor developers; 
but 
(II) has been previously used or 
fabricated for another purpose; 
(iii) uranium that can meet the needs 
of advanced nuclear reactor developers 
after removing radioactive or other con-
taminants that resulted from previous use 
or fabrication of the fuel for research, de-
velopment, demonstration, or deployment 
activities of the Department, including ac-
tivities that reduce the environmental li-
ability of the Department by accelerating 
the processing of uranium from stockpiles 
designated as waste; 
(iv) uranium from a high-enriched 
uranium stockpile, which can be blended 
with lower assay uranium to become 
HALEU to meet the needs of advanced 
nuclear reactor developers; and 
(v) uranium from stockpiles intended 
for other purposes, but for which uranium 
could be swapped or replaced in time in 
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such a manner that would not negatively 
impact the missions of the Department; 
(B) options for expanding, or establishing 
new, capabilities or infrastructure to support 
the processing of uranium from Department in-
ventories, including options that may be mutu-
ally beneficial to the Department and to U.S. 
nuclear energy companies; 
(C) options for accelerating the availability 
of HALEU from HALEU enrichment dem-
onstration projects of the Department; 
(D) options for providing HALEU from 
domestically enriched HALEU procured by the 
Department through a competitive process pur-
suant to the Nuclear Fuel Security Program es-
tablished under subsection (d)(1); 
(E) options to replenish, as needed, De-
partment stockpiles of uranium made available 
pursuant to subparagraph (A) with domestically 
enriched HALEU procured by the Department 
through a competitive process pursuant to the 
Nuclear Fuel Security Program established 
under subsection (d)(1); and 
(F) options that combine 1 or more of the 
approaches described in subparagraphs (A) 
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through (E) to meet the deadlines described in 
paragraph (2). 
(4) LIMITATION.—The Secretary shall not bar-
ter or otherwise sell or transfer uranium in any form 
in exchange for services relating to— 
(A) the final disposition of radioactive 
waste from uranium that is the subject of a 
contract for sale, resale, transfer, or lease under 
this subsection; or 
(B) environmental cleanup activities. 
(5) SUNSET.—The authority of the Secretary to 
carry out activities under this subsection shall termi-
nate on the date on which the Secretary notifies 
Congress that the HALEU needs of advanced nu-
clear reactor developers can be fully met by commer-
cial HALEU suppliers in the United States, as de-
termined by the Secretary, in consultation with U.S. 
nuclear energy companies. 
(h) AUTHORITY.—In carrying out the Programs, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of State 
(where applicable)— 
(1) may— 
(A) in addition to exercising the authority 
granted to the Secretary under any other provi-
sion of law, enter into transactions (other than 
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contracts, cooperative agreements, financial as-
sistance agreements, or the provision of any 
other financial assistance) with an ally or part-
ner nation, a U.S. nuclear energy company, or 
any other domestic or foreign entity for any ac-
tivity to carry out the Programs, including the 
acquisition or provision of uranium, conversion 
services, enrichment services, LEU, HALEU, 
and related goods and services; 
(B) notwithstanding section 161 u. of the 
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 
2201(u)), enter into contracts and other ar-
rangements of such duration as the Secretary 
determines to be necessary; 
(C) make acquisitions for the Programs 
through the use of competitive selection proc-
esses that the Secretary determines to be ap-
propriate to achieve the objectives described in 
subsection (b) in an expeditious manner; 
(D)(i) establish milestones for achieving 
specified objectives, including the production of 
LEU and HALEU in quantities and time-
frames described in this section; and 
(ii) provide awards and other forms of in-
centives for meeting those milestones; and 
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(E) provide loan guarantees, other finan-
cial assistance, or assistance in the form of rev-
enue guarantees or similar mechanisms; and 
(2) shall ensure that amounts charged to the 
Secretary for the acquisition or provision of ura-
nium, conversion services, enrichment services, LEU, 
HALEU, and other goods and services under the 
Programs provide, in the opinion of the Secretary, in 
consultation with U.S. nuclear energy companies, 
reasonable compensation, taking into account— 
(A) the fair market value of the good or 
service acquired or provided; 
(B) the cost recovery requirements of the 
consortium; and 
(C) the objectives described in subsection 
(b). 
(i) DOMESTIC SOURCING CONSIDERATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the Secretary may only carry out an ac-
tivity in connection with 1 or more of the Programs 
if— 
(A) the activity promotes manufacturing in 
the United States associated with uranium sup-
ply chains; or 
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(B) the activity relies on resources, mate-
rials, or equipment developed or produced— 
(i) in the United States; or 
(ii) in a country described in any of 
subparagraphs (A) through (C) of sub-
section (c)(2) by— 
(I) an ally or partner nation; 
(II) an associated entity; or 
(III) a U.S. nuclear energy com-
pany. 
(2) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the re-
quirements of paragraph (1) with respect to an ac-
tivity if the Secretary determines a waiver to be nec-
essary to achieve 1 or more of the objectives de-
scribed in subsection (b). 
(j) REASONABLE COMPENSATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out activities 
under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that 
any LEU and HALEU made available by the Sec-
retary under 1 or more of the Programs is subject 
to reasonable compensation, taking into account the 
fair market value of the LEU or HALEU and the 
purposes of this section. 
(2) AVAILABILITY OF CERTAIN FUNDS.—Not-
withstanding section 3302 of title 31, United States 
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Code, revenues received from the sale or transfer of 
fuel feed material and other activities related to 
making LEU and HALEU available pursuant to 
this section— 
(A) shall be available to the Department 
for carrying out the purposes of this section, to 
reduce the need for further appropriations for 
those purposes; and 
(B) shall remain available until expended. 
(k) EXCLUSIONS.—The Secretary may not carry out 
an activity in connection with the Programs with an entity 
that is— 
(1) owned or controlled by the Government of 
the Russian Federation or the Government of the 
People’s Republic of China; or 
(2) organized under the laws of, or otherwise 
subject to the jurisdiction of, the Russian Federation 
or the People’s Republic of China. 
(l) NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION.—The Nu-
clear Regulatory Commission shall prioritize and expedite 
consideration of any action related to the Programs to the 
extent permitted under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 
(42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) and related statutes. 
(m) USEC PRIVATIZATION ACT.— 
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