I 
113TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2874 
To ensure that the United States promotes women’s meaningful inclusion 
and participation in mediation and negotiation processes undertaken in 
order to prevent, mitigate, and resolve violent conflict and implements 
the United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 31, 2013 
Ms. SCHAKOWSKY (for herself, Ms. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON of Texas, Mr. 
HONDA, Ms. TSONGAS, Mr. KEATING, Ms. JACKSON LEE, Ms. LEE of 
California, Ms. SPEIER, Mr. MORAN, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. MCGOVERN, and 
Mr. FARR) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on Armed 
Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic-
tion of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To ensure that the United States promotes women’s mean-
ingful inclusion and participation in mediation and nego-
tiation processes undertaken in order to prevent, miti-
gate, and resolve violent conflict and implements the 
United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, 
and Security. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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(2) Fundamental to the affirmations described 
in paragraph (1) is the full and equal participation 
of women as decisionmakers, planners, implemen-
ters, and beneficiaries in all efforts to achieve solu-
tions for just conflict resolution, lasting stability, 
and inclusive democratic governance, including in— 
(A) conflict prevention; 
(B) mediation, transition processes, and 
peace and security negotiations; 
(C) peacekeeping and peace-building ef-
forts; 
(D) humanitarian response; and 
(E) post-conflict reconstruction and gov-
ernance. 
(3) The United States National Action Plan on 
Women, Peace, and Security, issued in December 
2011— 
(A) builds upon the goals for gender inte-
gration articulated in— 
(i) the United States 2006 National 
Security Strategy: ‘‘No nation can be free 
if half its population is oppressed and de-
nied fundamental rights. We affirm the in-
herent dignity and worth of women, and 
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support vigorously their full participation 
in all aspects of society.’’; 
(ii) the United States May 2010 Na-
tional 
Security 
Strategy: 
‘‘Experience 
shows that countries are more peaceful and 
prosperous when women are accorded full 
and equal rights and opportunity. When 
those rights and opportunities are denied 
countries often lag behind.’’; and 
(iii) the 2010 Quadrennial Diplomacy 
and Development Review: ‘‘The protection 
and empowerment of women and girls is 
key to the foreign policy and security of 
the United States.’’; and 
(B) asserts that ‘‘evidence from around the 
world and across cultures shows that inte-
grating women and gender considerations into 
peace-building processes helps promote demo-
cratic governance and long-term stability’’. 
(4) As directed by the Executive Order, ‘‘State, 
DoD, and USAID will designate one or more offi-
cers, as appropriate, as responsible for coordination 
and implementation, and will supplement this Plan, 
by submitting to the Assistant to the President and 
National Security Advisor agency-specific Women, 
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Peace and Security implementation plans. These im-
plementation plans will establish a full range of 
time-bound, measurable, and resourced actions 
State, DoD, and USAID will take to realize their 
commitments, and will include meaningful strategies 
for monitoring implementation and evaluating re-
sults.’’. 
(5) On April 5, 2012, the Department of De-
fense (DoD) issued a Secretary of Defense Memo-
randum directing the Department to incorporate the 
concepts from the U.S. National Action Plan on 
Women, Peace and Security into programs, policies 
and daily activities, stating ‘‘that the goal of the Na-
tional Action Plan is critical to national security;’’ 
and in June 2012, introduced the Department of 
Defense Implementation Guide for the U.S. National 
Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security to inte-
grate the objectives of the United States National 
Action Plan into the ‘‘strategic, operational, and tac-
tical environment and aims’’ of the United States 
military. 
(6) In March 2012, the United States Agency 
for International Development (USAID) released a 
new, agency-wide Gender Equality and Female Em-
powerment Policy, the first such policy since 1982. 
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According to this policy, ‘‘Gender equality and fe-
male empowerment are core development objectives, 
fundamental for the realization of human rights and 
key to effective and sustainable development out-
comes. No society can develop successfully without 
providing equitable opportunities, resources, and life 
prospects for males and females so that they can 
shape their own lives and contribute to their families 
and communities.’’. 
(7) In August 2012, the Department of State 
Implementation of the National Action Plan on 
Women, Peace and Security was introduced. The 
plan states, ‘‘the Department recognizes that pro-
moting women’s participation in conflict prevention, 
management and resolution, as well as in post-con-
flict relief and recovery, advances core U.S. national 
interests of peace, national security, economic and 
social development and international cooperation.’’. 
(8) In August 2012, the United States Agency 
for International Development (USAID) introduced 
its Implementation of the United States National 
Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security assert-
ing, ‘‘Ensuring the meaningful participation and 
protection of women and girls affected by crisis and 
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conflict is critical to building lasting peace and 
achieving long-term development objectives.’’. 
(9) During preparations for United States with-
drawal of security forces in Afghanistan by 2014, 
and upcoming Afghan elections, it is critical to en-
sure women’s rights are not sacrificed and further 
that women’s security and ability to move freely 
throughout the country are recognized as indicators 
of the transition’s success. 
(10) In the Democratic Republic of Congo, on-
going impunity for violations of human rights, par-
ticularly women’s human rights, continues to under-
mine all efforts to bring lasting peace to the country 
and the region. 
(11) Women and girls on the forefronts of the 
Arab uprising—from Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and 
Syria—are systematically excluded from political 
processes in the new emerging democratic govern-
ments, and reports of gender-based violent attacks, 
including sexual violence, by police and security 
forces are frequent. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
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(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; 
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives; 
(E) the Committee on Armed Services of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(F) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives. 
(3) DECISIONMAKING
PROCESSES.—The term 
‘‘decisionmaking processes’’ means formal or infor-
mal processes related to, or a part of, negotiations 
or mediations addressing conflict prevention and sta-
bilization, peace-building, protection, or appropriate 
security initiatives. 
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(4) NAP.—The term ‘‘NAP’’ means the United 
States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and 
Security, which was instituted by Executive Order 
13595 on December 19, 2011. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of State. 
(6) STAKEHOLDERS.—The term ‘‘stakeholders’’ 
means nongovernmental and private sector entities 
engaged in or affected by conflict prevention and 
stabilization, peace-building, protection, security, 
transition initiatives, humanitarian response, or re-
lated efforts, including— 
(A) registered or nonregistered nonprofit 
organizations, advocacy groups, business or 
trade associations, labor unions, cooperatives, 
credit unions, relief or development organiza-
tions, community and faith-based organizations, 
philanthropic foundations, and tribal leaders or 
structures; 
(B) independent media, educational, or re-
search institutions; and 
(C) private enterprises, including inter-
national development firms, banks, and other fi-
nancial institutions, and particularly small busi-
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nesses and businesses owned by women or dis-
advantaged groups. 
(7) WOMEN’S
MEANINGFUL
INCLUSION
AND 
PARTICIPATION.—The term ‘‘women’s meaningful 
inclusion and participation’’ means ensuring women 
have safe, genuine, and effective access and are 
present and actively involved in the full range of de-
cisionmaking processes, which may include— 
(A) conflict prevention; 
(B) mediation or negotiation efforts to re-
solve, mitigate, and transition from violent con-
flict; 
(C) peacekeeping and peace-building ef-
forts; 
(D) post-conflict reconstruction, transition 
initiatives, and governance; and 
(E) humanitarian response. 
SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE UNITED 
STATES NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON WOMEN, 
PEACE, AND SECURITY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the implementation of the United States 
National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Secu-
rity (NAP) is paramount in improving the lives of 
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women and girls around the world and increasing 
overall global stability and prosperity; 
(2) Congress supports the statement in the 
NAP of the United States ‘‘unqualified commitment 
to integrating women’s views and perspectives fully 
into our diplomatic, security, and development ef-
forts—not simply as beneficiaries, but as agents of 
peace, reconciliation, development, growth, and sta-
bility’’; 
(3) Congress is strongly committed to advanc-
ing the principles of the NAP, as instituted by Exec-
utive Order 13595 of December 19, 2011; 
(4) the United States should coordinate with 
the international community and civil society to de-
velop criteria for eligibility to ensure that appro-
priate civil society representatives with relevant ex-
perience in gender sensitivity, peacemaking, or the 
promotion of human rights and security are identi-
fied for inclusion in all peacebuilding processes and 
activities; and 
(5) the President, in coordination with the Sec-
retary, the Secretary of Defense, and the Adminis-
trator, should— 
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(A) ensure the NAP’s robust, transparent, 
comprehensive, and coordinated implementa-
tion; and 
(B) coordinate with the international com-
munity to reaffirm global commitments to im-
plementation of United Nations Security Coun-
cil Resolution 1325 utilizing the commitments 
outlined in the NAP as a diplomatic means to 
encourage other countries to— 
(i) advance women’s inclusion in peace 
negotiations, peace-building activities, and 
conflict prevention; 
(ii) protect all civilians, specifically 
women and girls, from sexual and gender- 
based violence; and 
(iii) ensure equal access to relief and 
recovery assistance in areas of conflict and 
insecurity. 
SEC. 5. STATEMENT OF UNITED STATES POLICIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—It is the policy of the United 
States to implement the United States National Action 
Plan on Women, Peace, and Security (NAP), as instituted 
by Executive Order 13595 on December 19, 2011, to en-
sure that the United States effectively promotes and sup-
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ports women in conflict-affected and post-conflict regions 
through clear, measurable commitments to— 
(1) promote the active and meaningful partici-
pation of women in affected areas in all aspects of 
conflict prevention, management, and resolution; 
(2) integrate the perspectives and interests of 
affected women into conflict-prevention activities and 
strategies; 
(3) promote the physical safety, economic secu-
rity, and dignity of women and girls; 
(4) support women’s equal access to aid dis-
tribution mechanisms and services; 
(5) monitor, analyze, and evaluate implementa-
tion efforts and the impact of such efforts; and 
(6) adjust policies and programs to improve 
outcomes. 
(b) STATEMENT OF CONGRESS.—Congress— 
(1) recognizes the invaluable contributions that 
United States and international civil society groups 
have made to United States policies and programs 
on women, peace, and security; and 
(2) encourages the Secretary, the Secretary of 
Defense, and the Administrator to continue to con-
sult and utilize the networks and expertise of these 
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stakeholders to strengthen the implementation of the 
NAP. 
(c) INTEGRATION.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator shall— 
(1) integrate gender as fully as applicable into 
all diplomatic and development efforts; 
(2) include gender in strategic and budget plan-
ning processes; 
(3) continue to use and improve upon perform-
ance indicators and evaluation mechanisms to ac-
count for ongoing results and measure the impact of 
United States policies and programs on women and 
girls in foreign countries; and 
(4) review existing United States policies and 
programs on women and girls in foreign countries 
from a gender perspective, and revise such policies 
and programs to address any unintended harm. 
(d) INTEGRATION OF GENDER GOALS IN AGENCY 
GUIDANCE AND CONTRACTING.— 
(1) DEPARTMENT
OF
STATE.—The Secretary 
shall prescribe regulations and issue guidance speci-
fying key goals of the NAP with a view to fully inte-
grating such goals into the operations of the Depart-
ment of State in the United States and overseas, 
and shall ensure that such regulations and guidance 
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call for compliance by all Department personnel and 
contractors. 
(2) UNITED
STATES
AGENCY
FOR
INTER-
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.—The Administrator shall 
prescribe regulations and issue guidance specifying 
key goals of the NAP with a view to fully inte-
grating such goals into the operations of the United 
States Agency for International Development in the 
United States and overseas, and shall ensure that 
such regulations and guidance call for compliance by 
all Agency personnel and contractors. 
(e) TENETS.—The Secretary, the Administrator, the 
Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services acting through the Director of the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Perma-
nent Representatives to the United Nations, the Secretary 
of the Treasury, the Attorney General, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representa-
tives, and the heads of other appropriate Federal depart-
ments and agencies shall ensure, as appropriate, that the 
tenets of the NAP are incorporated into all programs ad-
ministered by each department and agency specified in 
this subsection related to— 
(1) conflict prevention; 
(2) humanitarian and disaster response; 
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(3) conflict mediation; 
(4) peacekeeping; 
(5) post-conflict reconstruction; 
(6) institution building; and 
(7) democracy promotion. 
SEC. 6. UNITED STATES NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON 
WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, the 
Administrator, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads 
of other appropriate Federal departments and agencies 
shall, subject to subsection (b), develop or update and im-
plement a NAP. The NAP shall be transmitted to the ap-
propriate congressional committees and made publicly 
available. 
(b) INITIAL NAP.—For the purposes of this section, 
the ‘‘United States National Action Plan on Women, 
Peace and Security’’, issued in December 2011, shall be 
deemed to fulfill the initial requirement of subsection (a). 
(c) TRAINING.— 
(1) FOREIGN SERVICE ACT OF 1980.—Section 
704 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 
4024) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection: 
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‘‘(e) The Secretary, in conjunction with the Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International De-
velopment, shall ensure that all appropriate personnel, in-
cluding special envoys, members of mediation or negotia-
tion teams, relevant members of the Civil Service or For-
eign Service, and contractors responsible for, or deploying 
to, countries or regions considered to be at risk of, under-
going, or emerging from violent conflict, obtain sub-
stantive knowledge and skills through— 
‘‘(1) appropriate advanced training in conflict 
prevention, peace processes, mitigation, resolution, 
and security initiatives that specifically addresses 
the importance of women’s meaningful inclusion and 
participation (as defined in section 3 of the Women, 
Peace, and Security Act of 2013); 
‘‘(2) training on gender considerations and 
women’s meaningful inclusion and participation, in-
cluding training regarding— 
‘‘(A) international human rights law and 
international humanitarian law, as relevant; 
and 
‘‘(B) protecting civilians from violence, ex-
ploitation, and trafficking in persons; and 
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‘‘(3) training on effective strategies and best 
practices for ensuring women’s meaningful inclusion 
and participation.’’. 
(2) TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 107 of title 
10, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following new section: 
‘‘§ 2158. Training for ensuring women’s meaningful 
inclusion and participation 
‘‘The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that all ap-
propriate personnel, including members of the Armed 
Forces, members of mediation or negotiation teams, rel-
evant members of the Civil Service, and contractors re-
sponsible for, or deploying to, countries or regions consid-
ered to be at risk of, undergoing, or emerging from violent 
conflict, 
obtain 
substantive 
knowledge 
and 
skills 
through— 
‘‘(1) appropriate advanced training in conflict 
prevention, peace processes, mitigation, resolution, 
and security initiatives that specifically addresses 
the importance of women’s meaningful inclusion and 
participation (as defined in section 3 of the Women, 
Peace, and Security Act of 2013); 
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‘‘(2) training on gender considerations and 
women’s meaningful inclusion and participation, in-
cluding training regarding— 
‘‘(A) international human rights law and 
international humanitarian law, as relevant; 
and 
‘‘(B) protecting civilians from violence, ex-
ploitation, and trafficking in persons; and 
‘‘(3) training on effective strategies and best 
practices for ensuring women’s meaningful inclusion 
and participation.’’. 
(B) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of 
sections at the beginning of chapter 107 of such 
title is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new item: 
‘‘2158. Training for ensuring women’s meaningful inclusion and participation.’’. 
(3) 
UNITED
NATIONS.—The 
Secretary 
is 
strongly encouraged to work with the United Na-
tions and the international community to promote 
training that provides international peacekeeping 
personnel with substantive knowledge and skills 
needed to effectively ensure women’s meaningful in-
clusion and participation. 
SEC. 7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The implementation of the NAP 
under section 6 shall include the establishment or improve-
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ment of monitoring and evaluation tools to ensure ac-
countability and effectiveness of policies, programs, 
projects, and activities undertaken to support the objec-
tives specified in such NAP. 
(b) MONITORING
AND EVALUATION PLANS.—The 
Secretary, the Administrator, the Secretary of Defense, 
and representatives of other Executive agencies, as appro-
priate, shall develop a plan for monitoring and inde-
pendent evaluation of programs, projects, and activities 
carried out under this Act. Such plan shall— 
(1) apply rigorous monitoring and evaluation 
methodologies to focus on learning, accountability, 
and policymaking, choosing from among a wide vari-
ety of qualitative, quantitative, summative, and 
formative methods common in the field of social sci-
entific inquiry, including impact evaluations; and 
(2) be included in the NAP under section 6. 
(c) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE COORDINATION, PLAN-
NING, DATA COLLECTION, AND TRACKING SYSTEMS.— 
The Secretary and the Administrator, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense, as appropriate, shall— 
(1) utilize appropriate foreign assistance coordi-
nation, planning, data collection, and tracking sys-
tems to— 
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(A) analyze the impact of staff training, 
management systems, and organizational struc-
tures on program results; 
(B) improve collection of sex- and age- 
disaggregated data in conflict-affected areas; 
(C) ensure proper targeting of programs; 
and 
(D) collect and analyze gender data for the 
purpose of developing and enhancing early 
warning systems of conflict and violence; 
(2) develop programming in accordance with 
the NAP’s principles and is responsive to women’s 
needs and perspectives; 
(3) revise policies and programming as data is 
collected and analyzed to ensure improved outcomes 
for women and girls; 
(4) support budgeting, operational and pro-
grammatic planning, and performance management, 
related to women’s meaningful inclusion and partici-
pation; 
(5) post to the Foreign Assistance Dashboard 
up-to-date data on United States foreign assistance 
by account, bureau or office, as the case may be, 
and country where gender equality and women’s em-
powerment is a primary or secondary goal; and 
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(6) develop or improve upon existing data col-
lection mechanisms that— 
(A) track and report progress on the objec-
tives specified in the NAP; 
(B) assess lessons learned; and 
(C) identify best practices. 
(d) INDICATORS.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator, in cooperation with the Secretary of Defense, as 
appropriate, shall identify common indicators to evaluate 
the impact of United States foreign assistance on women’s 
meaningful inclusion and participation and revise ap-
proaches to ensure improved outcomes. 
SEC. 8. ENGAGING WOMEN IN THE FULL RANGE OF CON-
FLICT PREVENTION, PEACE NEGOTIATION, 
PEACE-BUILDING, 
AND 
SECURITY 
INITIA-
TIVES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator are strongly encouraged to work to facilitate wom-
en’s meaningful inclusion and participation in informal 
and formal peace negotiations, including, as appropriate 
by— 
(1) providing technical assistance, training, and 
logistical support to female negotiators, peace-build-
ers, and stakeholders; 
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(2) utilizing technology, such as cell phones or 
social media tools, that assist the work of orga-
nizers, negotiators, communicators, peace-builders, 
and other civil society actors; 
(3) addressing security-related barriers to wom-
en’s participation; 
(4) expanding and applying gender analysis to 
improve program design and targeting; and 
(5) supporting appropriate local organizations, 
especially women’s peace-building organizations. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The Secretary is encouraged to 
promote the meaningful inclusion and participation of 
women in coordination and consultation with international 
partners, including multilateral organizations, stake-
holders, and other relevant international organizations, 
particularly in circumstances in which direct engagement 
is not appropriate or advisable. 
(c) ASSESSMENTS.—The Secretary, in consultation 
with the Administrator, and in cooperation with the Sec-
retary of Defense, as appropriate, shall conduct assess-
ments that include the perspective of women before imple-
menting new projects or activities in support of assistance 
related to— 
(1) peace negotiations; 
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(2) transitional justice and accountability proc-
esses; 
(3) efforts to combat violent extremism; and 
(4) security sector reform. 
(d) GOVERNMENT EFFORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator, and in cooperation with 
the Secretary of Defense and the heads of other rel-
evant Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall encour-
age and facilitate the efforts of partner governments 
to improve women’s meaningful inclusion and par-
ticipation in peace and security processes, conflict 
prevention, peace-building, transitional processes, 
and decisionmaking institutions in conflict-affected 
environments. 
(2) GOVERNMENT
EFFORTS.—The efforts of 
partner governments to be encouraged and facili-
tated under paragraph (1) include— 
(A) the recruitment and retention of 
women (including minorities) in leadership 
roles; 
(B) capacity building of legislative, judi-
cial, defense, and law enforcement institutions 
to develop and implement policies which support 
women’s meaningful inclusion and participation; 
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(C) increased women’s participation in pro-
grams funded by the United States Government 
that— 
(i) provide training to foreign nation-
als regarding law enforcement, the rule of 
law, and professional military education; 
and 
(ii) offer foreign nationals opportuni-
ties to participate in educational ex-
changes, conferences, and seminars; 
(D) training, education, and mobilization 
of men and boys as partners in support of wom-
en’s meaningful inclusion and participation; 
(E) development of transitional justice and 
accountability mechanisms that are inclusive of 
the experiences and perspectives of women and 
girls; and 
(F) measures to ensure that relief and re-
covery planning and assistance are informed by 
effective consultation with women and girls. 
SEC. 9. CONSULTATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary and the Adminis-
trator shall establish guidelines for overseas United States 
personnel to consult with stakeholders regarding United 
States efforts to— 
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