I 
114TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4816 
To reform laws relating to small public housing agencies, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 21, 2016 
Mr. PALAZZO (for himself, Mr. ASHFORD, Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. 
FLEISCHMANN, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Mr. HARPER, Mrs. HARTZLER, 
Mr. POSEY, Ms. KUSTER, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, and Mr. WEST-
MORELAND) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Financial Services 
A BILL 
To reform laws relating to small public housing agencies, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Small Public Housing 
Agency Opportunity Act of 2016’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Although small public housing agencies are 
numerous, they administer only a small fraction of 
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the financial resources provided under the Federal 
housing programs. 
(2) The oversight of small public housing agen-
cies by the Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment is disproportionate to the financial risk 
the operations of these agencies pose to the Federal 
Government. 
(3) Small public housing agencies perform bet-
ter than larger agencies, as public housing agency 
performance is presently measured by the Federal 
Government. 
(4) The Department of Housing and Urban De-
velopment should deploy its administrative oversight 
resources in a manner that reflects relative risk to 
the Federal Government. 
(5) Regulatory and administrative burdens that 
may be reasonable for larger public housing agencies 
may not be so for smaller public housing agencies 
with more limited resources. 
(6) Eliminating unnecessary or unreasonable 
regulatory and administrative burdens will improve 
the effectiveness of small public housing agencies as 
providers of housing assistance to low-income fami-
lies. 
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(7) Small public housing agencies and their 
residents would benefit from, and small public hous-
ing agencies should be afforded, maximum flexibility 
in the use of their resources. 
(8) Congress and the Department of Housing 
and Urban Development should reduce administra-
tive and regulatory burdens on small public housing 
agencies. 
(9) Public housing revitalization funding has 
been largely unavailable to small public housing 
agencies. 
(10) Congress should establish a program of as-
sistance to enable public housing revitalization ac-
tivities by small public housing agencies. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act are— 
(1) to assure the long-term viability and effec-
tiveness of the small public housing agencies and the 
housing assistance programs they operate; 
(2) to ensure that small public housing agencies 
are not subject to unnecessary Federal regulatory 
control and administrative requirements; 
(3) to afford flexibility to small public housing 
agencies in the use of their resources; 
(4) to adjust Federal oversight requirements for 
small public housing agencies to better reflect finan-
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cial risk to the Federal Government and the relative 
resources of such agencies; 
(5) to explore innovative approaches to simpli-
fying determination of income and tenant rents; and 
(6) to ensure that small public housing agencies 
have access to the resources necessary for the mod-
ernization and revitalization of their public housing 
stock. 
SEC. 3. SMALL PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title I of the United States Hous-
ing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 37. SMALL PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCIES. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the following 
definitions shall apply: 
‘‘(1) HOUSING VOUCHER PROGRAM.—The term 
‘housing voucher program’ means a program for ten-
ant-based assistance under section 8. 
‘‘(2) SMALL
PUBLIC
HOUSING
AGENCY.—The 
term ‘small public housing agency’ means a public 
housing agency for which the sum of the number of 
public housing dwelling units administered by the 
agency and the number of vouchers under section 
8(o) administered by the agency is 550 or fewer. 
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‘‘(3) TROUBLED SMALL PUBLIC HOUSING AGEN-
CY.—The term ‘troubled small public housing agen-
cy’ means a small public housing agency designated 
by the Secretary as a troubled small public housing 
agency under subsection (c)(4). 
‘‘(b) APPLICABILITY.—Except as otherwise provided 
in this section, a small public housing agency shall be sub-
ject to the same requirements as a public housing agency. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM INSPECTIONS AND EVALUATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) PUBLIC HOUSING PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(A) PHYSICAL INSPECTIONS.— 
‘‘(i) FREQUENCY OF INSPECTIONS BY 
SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall carry 
out an inspection of the physical condition 
of a small public housing agency’s public 
housing projects not more frequently than 
once every 3 years, unless the agency has 
been designated by the Secretary as trou-
bled small public housing agency based on 
deficiencies in the physical condition of its 
public housing projects. 
‘‘(ii) 
STANDARDS.—The 
Secretary 
shall apply to small public housing agen-
cies the same standards for the acceptable 
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‘‘(iii) has failed to account for the rev-
enues and expenses of the small public 
housing agency, misappropriated Federal 
funds, or otherwise failed to comply with 
applicable Federal law. 
‘‘(C) APPEALS.— 
‘‘(i) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary 
shall establish an appeals process under 
which a small public housing agency may 
dispute a designation as a troubled small 
public housing agency. 
‘‘(ii) OFFICIAL.—The appeals process 
established under clause (i) shall provide 
for a decision by an official who has not 
been involved, and is not subordinate to a 
person who has been involved, in the origi-
nal determination to designate a small 
public housing agency as a troubled small 
public housing agency. 
‘‘(D) CORRECTIVE ACTION AGREEMENT.— 
‘‘(i) 
AGREEMENT
REQUIRED.—Not 
later than 60 days after the date on which 
a small public housing agency is des-
ignated as a troubled public housing agen-
cy under subparagraph (A) or (B), the 
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Secretary and the small public housing 
agency shall enter into a corrective action 
agreement under which the small public 
housing agency shall undertake actions to 
correct the deficiencies upon which the des-
ignation is based. 
‘‘(ii) TERMS OF AGREEMENT.—A cor-
rective action agreement entered into 
under clause (i) shall— 
‘‘(I) have a term of 1 year, and 
shall be renewable at the option of the 
Secretary; 
‘‘(II) provide, where feasible, for 
technical assistance to assist the pub-
lic housing agency in curing its defi-
ciencies; 
‘‘(III) provide for— 
‘‘(aa) reconsideration of the 
designation of the small public 
housing agency as a troubled 
small public housing agency not 
less frequently than annually; 
and 
‘‘(bb) termination of the 
agreement when the Secretary 
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determines that the small public 
housing agency is no longer a 
troubled small public housing 
agency; and 
‘‘(IV) provide that in the event of 
substantial 
noncompliance 
by 
the 
small public housing agency under the 
agreement, the Secretary may— 
‘‘(aa) contract with another 
public housing agency or a pri-
vate entity to manage the public 
housing of the troubled small 
public housing agency; 
‘‘(bb) withhold funds other-
wise distributable to the troubled 
small public housing agency; 
‘‘(cc) assume possession of, 
and 
direct 
responsibility 
for, 
managing the public housing of 
the troubled small public housing 
agency; 
‘‘(dd) petition for the ap-
pointment of a receiver, in ac-
cordance 
with 
section 
6(j)(3)(A)(ii); and 
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‘‘(ee) exercise any other 
remedy available to the Secretary 
in the event of default under the 
public housing annual contribu-
tions contract entered into by the 
small 
public 
housing 
agency 
under section 5. 
‘‘(E) EMERGENCY
ACTIONS.—Nothing in 
this paragraph may be construed to prohibit the 
Secretary from taking any emergency action 
necessary to protect Federal financial resources 
or the health or safety of residents of public 
housing projects. 
‘‘(d) REDUCTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS.— 
‘‘(1) REPORTS.— 
‘‘(A) COMPARABILITY WITH SECTION 8 RE-
QUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding any other pro-
vision of law, and except as otherwise provided 
in this section, the Secretary may not require a 
small public housing agency to submit any re-
port, plan, or other information with respect to 
the public housing units, projects, or programs 
of the small public housing agency if the report, 
plan, or other information is not required to be 
submitted by the owner of a project assisted 
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under section 8 that is covered by a mortgage 
insured by the Secretary. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION FOR DESIGNATED HOUS-
ING FOR ELDERLY AND DISABLED FAMILIES.— 
A small public housing agency shall submit to 
the Secretary the plan required under section 7 
in order to designate occupancy in public hous-
ing units in accordance with section 7. 
‘‘(C) COMPLIANCE.—For purposes of de-
termining the benefits or funding available to a 
small public housing agency, the small public 
housing agency shall be deemed to be in compli-
ance with a requirement under Federal law to 
submit a report, plan, or other information with 
respect to the public housing units, projects, or 
programs of the small public housing agency if 
the small public housing agency submits the re-
ports, plans, or other information required 
under subparagraphs (A) and (B). 
‘‘(2) COMMUNITY SERVICE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, a small public housing 
agency may elect to comply with the require-
ments under section 12(c)(3) through the use of 
tenant certifications. 
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‘‘(B) MONITORING OF COMPLIANCE.— 
‘‘(i) DEFINITION.—In this subpara-
graph, the term ‘administrative burden or 
requirement’ includes a requirement to re-
view or verify information contained in a 
tenant certification. 
‘‘(ii) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary 
may not impose any administrative burden 
or requirement with respect to the moni-
toring of compliance with section 12(c) on 
a small public housing agency that has 
made an election under subparagraph (A), 
except a requirement to obtain tenant cer-
tifications and make the tenant certifi-
cations available to the Secretary. 
‘‘(C) DETERMINATION
OF
NONCOMPLI-
ANCE.—A small public housing agency may not 
make an election under subparagraph (A) if the 
Secretary determines that there is substantial 
noncompliance by the tenants at the small pub-
lic housing agency with the requirements under 
section 12(c). 
‘‘(D) 
INSUFFICIENT
RESOURCES.—Not-
withstanding any other provision of law, section 
12(c) shall not apply to residents of any public 
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‘‘(A) EXEMPTION.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, a small public housing 
agency shall be exempt from any environmental 
review requirements with respect to a develop-
ment or modernization project involving new 
construction, for any project for which the por-
tion of the total development cost that is attrib-
utable to new construction does not exceed 
$100,000. 
‘‘(B) STREAMLINED
PROCEDURES.—The 
Secretary shall, by rule, establish streamlined 
procedures for environmental reviews of small 
public housing agency development and mod-
ernization projects involving new construction, 
for any project for which the portion of the 
total development cost that is attributable to 
new construction exceeds $100,000. 
‘‘(6) GPNA PROVISION.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, small public housing agencies 
shall be exempt from any requirement to conduct a 
Green Physical Needs Assessment (GPNA) or other 
such assessment similar in requirements with respect 
to any fiscal year for which the aggregate amount 
provided by the Secretary for nationwide assistance 
from the Capital Fund under section 9(d) fails to 
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meet the annual accrued need for such assistance 
nationwide for such fiscal year, as determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(e) FUNGIBILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law and subject to paragraph (2), a 
small public housing agency may— 
‘‘(A) combine funds provided to the small 
public housing agency for voucher assistance 
under section 8(o), from the Capital Fund, and 
from the Operating Fund; and 
‘‘(B) use the funds combined under sub-
paragraph (A) for any activity authorized under 
section 8(o) or subsection (d) or (e) of section 
9. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—In using funds combined 
under paragraph (1)(A), a small public housing 
agency shall assist substantially the same number of 
low-income families, with a comparable mix of fami-
lies by family size, as the small public housing agen-
cy did in the year preceding its qualification as a 
small public housing agency, with appropriate ad-
justments made by the Secretary on the basis of any 
increase or decrease in the number of vouchers or 
units assisted. 
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‘‘(f) PROJECT-BASED VOUCHERS.—With respect to a 
program carried out by a small public housing agency 
under section 8(o)— 
‘‘(1) section 8(o)(13)(B) shall be applied by 
substituting ‘50 percent’ for ‘20 percent’; and 
‘‘(2) section 8(o)(13)(C) shall not apply. 
‘‘(g) REPLACEMENT HOUSING FACTOR FUNDS.— 
During the first year of each 5-year period for which a 
small public housing agency qualifies for the addition of 
a replacement housing factor under section 905.400(i) of 
title 24, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor 
thereto), the Secretary shall pay to the small public hous-
ing agency the portion of the total amount that the Sec-
retary plans to make available to the small public housing 
agency from the Capital Fund established under section 
9(d) during that 5-year period that is attributable to the 
addition of the replacement housing factor. 
‘‘(h) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENT OF MINIMUM RENT.— 
‘‘(1) 
ADJUSTMENT.—Notwithstanding 
any 
other provision of law, section 3(a)(3) shall be ap-
plied with respect to small public housing agencies 
by inserting after ‘$50 per month,’ the following: ‘as 
such amount is adjusted annually, for 2017 and 
years thereafter, to reflect the percentage of the in-
crease (if any) for such period in the Consumer 
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Price Index for all urban consumers published by 
the Department of Labor,’. 
‘‘(2) MAINTENANCE OF SUBSIDIES.—Notwith-
standing any other provision of law, in determining 
the amount of assistance to be provided from the 
Capital Fund and the Operating Fund under section 
9 to any small public housing agency, or in pro-
viding such amounts to any such agency, the Sec-
retary may not take into consideration any amounts 
received by a small public housing agency pursuant 
to an adjustment made by reason of paragraph (1) 
of this subsection in the amount of the minimum 
rent. 
‘‘(i) DE MINIMIS EXCEPTION TO DEMOLITION AND 
DISPOSITION
REQUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding 
any 
other provision of law, section 18(f) shall be applied with 
respect to small public housing agencies by striking ‘the 
lesser of’ and inserting ‘the greater of’.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
Section 5A of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 
U.S.C. 1437c–1) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3); 
(2) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (4); 
and 
(3) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (5). 
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SEC. 4. RENT REFORM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR 
SMALL PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCIES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the following defi-
nitions shall apply: 
(1) EXTREMELY
LOW-INCOME
FAMILY.—The 
term ‘‘extremely low-income family’’ means a family 
whose income does not exceed the higher of— 
(A) the poverty guidelines updated periodi-
cally by the Department of Health and Human 
Services under the authority of section 673(2) 
of the Community Services Block Grant Act 
(42 U.S.C. 9902(2)) applicable to a family of 
the size involved (except that this subparagraph 
shall not apply in the case of public housing 
agencies or projects located in Puerto Rico or 
any other territory or possession of the United 
States); or 
(B) 30 percent of the median income for 
the area, as determined by the Secretary, with 
adjustments for smaller and larger families (ex-
cept that the Secretary may establish income 
ceilings higher or lower than 30 percent of the 
median income for the area on the basis of the 
Secretary’s findings that such variations are 
necessary because of unusually high or low fam-
ily incomes). 
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(2) INCOME.—The term ‘‘income’’ has the 
meaning given that term by section 3(b)(4) of the 
United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 
1437a(b)(4)). 
(3) LOW-INCOME FAMILY.—The term ‘‘low-in-
come family’’ means a family whose income does not 
exceed 80 percent of the median income for the 
area, as determined by the Secretary with adjust-
ments for smaller and larger families, except the 
Secretary may establish income ceilings higher or 
lower than 80 percent of the median income for the 
area if the Secretary determines that such variations 
are necessary because of unusually high or low fam-
ily incomes in the area. 
(4) MEDIAN
INCOME
FOR
THE
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘median income for the area’’ means the me-
dian income of all families in a geographic area, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. 
(6) SMALL
PUBLIC
HOUSING
AGENCY.—The 
term ‘‘small public housing agency’’ has the same 
meaning as in section 37(a) of the United States 
Housing Act of 1937, as added by this Act. 
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(7) VERY
LOW-INCOME
FAMILY.—The term 
‘‘very low-income family’’ means a family whose in-
come does not exceed 50 percent of the median in-
come for the area, as determined by the Secretary 
with adjustments for smaller and larger families, ex-
cept the Secretary may establish income ceilings 
higher or lower than 50 percent of the median in-
come for the area if the Secretary determines that 
such variations are necessary because of unusually 
high or low family incomes in the area. 
(b) DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.—The Secretary shall 
carry out a demonstration project to examine how various 
methods of determining rent in public housing affect— 
(1) the administrative burden on small public 
housing agencies; and 
(2) the residents of public housing. 
(c) SCOPE OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.— 
(1) REQUEST TO PARTICIPATE.—The Secretary 
shall select small public housing agencies to partici-
pate in the demonstration project from among small 
public housing agencies that request to participate in 
the project. 
(2) NUMBER.—The Secretary shall select not 
more than 20 percent of the total number of small 
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public housing agencies to participate in the dem-
onstration project. 
(3) REPRESENTATION.—The Secretary shall se-
lect small public housing agencies representing a 
broad range of geographic areas and urban and 
rural locations. 
(d) RENT-SETTING MECHANISMS.—A small public 
housing agency participating in the demonstration project 
shall select one or more of the following methods for estab-
lishing a family’s rent contribution for a dwelling unit in 
public housing: 
(1) TIERED SYSTEM.— 
(A) INITIAL
RENTS.—A tiered system 
under which the amount of initial rent is as fol-
lows: 
(i) For an extremely low-income fam-
ily, an amount equal to 30 percent of 10 
percent of the median income for the area. 
(ii) For a very low-income family, an 
amount equal to 30 percent of 30 percent 
of the median income for the area. 
(iii) For a low-income family, an 
amount equal to 30 percent of 50 percent 
of the median income for the area. 
(B) SUBSEQUENT RENTS.— 
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(i) ANNUAL ADJUSTMENT.—The rent 
established in accordance with subpara-
graph (A) shall be adjusted annually by 
the small public housing agency on the 
basis of changes in area median incomes. 
(ii) CONTINUED
OCCUPANCY.—The 
annual adjustment in rent under clause (i) 
shall apply to the continued occupancy of 
an assisted family. 
(C) OVER-INCOME
FAMILIES.—A family 
assisted under a tiered system established 
under subparagraph (A) whose income exceeds 
80 percent of the median income for the area 
shall pay a rent equal to the higher of— 
(i) 30 percent of 80 percent of the 
median income for the area; or 
(ii) the market rent for the unit as de-
termined by the small public housing agen-
cy. 
(2) GROSS INCOME.— 
(A) INITIAL
RENTS.—A method under 
which rent is established in an amount that var-
ies between 26 to 28 percent of a family’s in-
come, based on family characteristics as deter-
mined by the small public housing agency. 
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(B) SUBSEQUENT
RENTS.—The rent es-
tablished under subparagraph (A) shall be ad-
justed annually between income recertifications 
on the basis of factors selected by a small pub-
lic housing agency that are most relevant to the 
status of a resident. 
(C) MINIMUM RENT.—In establishing rents 
in accordance with subparagraph (A), a small 
public housing agency may impose a minimum 
rent. 
(3) EXISTING RENT MECHANISMS.—The meth-
od for establishing rents under section 3 of the 
United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 
1437a), except that section 37(h)(1) of such Act (as 
added by the amendment made by section 3(a) of 
this Act), shall apply for purposes of this paragraph. 
(e) INCOME RECERTIFICATIONS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not less frequently than 
once every 5 years, a small public housing agency 
shall review family income for purposes of adjusting 
rent under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of sub-
section (d), except a family may request a recertifi-
cation and adjustment in rent at any time if the 
family income has changed by an amount established 
by the small public housing agency. 
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(2) DETERMINATION OF FAMILY INCOME.—In 
determining family income, a small public housing 
agency may use the income of the family as deter-
mined by the small public housing agency for the 
preceding year. 
(f) HARDSHIP EXCEPTION.—A small public housing 
agency shall adopt a hardship policy, comparable to the 
policy described in section 3(a)(3)(B) of the United States 
Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(a)(3)(B)), for use 
in connection with a minimum rent imposed under sub-
section (d)(2)(C) and in connection with rents established 
under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (d). 
(g) REPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit to Congress a report on the results of 
the demonstration project carried out under this sec-
tion. 
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION.—The re-
port submitted under paragraph (1) shall rec-
ommend that Congress take one or more of the fol-
lowing actions: 
(A) Continue the demonstration project for 
a specified period of time. 
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(B) Expand the number of participants in 
the demonstration project. 
(C) Apply the terms of the demonstration 
project to all small public housing agencies. 
(D) Change any of the terms of the dem-
onstration project. 
(E) Terminate the demonstration project. 
(3) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERMANENT LEG-
ISLATION.—The Secretary shall submit to Congress 
recommendations for permanent legislation that im-
plements rent reform for small public housing agen-
cies— 
(A) with the report required under para-
graph (1); or 
(B) before the date on which the Secretary 
submits the report required under paragraph 
(1). 
SEC. 5. ENERGY CONSERVATION. 
Section 9(e)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 
1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437g(e)(2)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(D) FREEZE
OF
CONSUMPTION
LEV-
ELS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A small public 
housing agency, as defined in section 
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37(a), may elect to be paid for its utility 
and waste management costs under the 
formula for a period, at the discretion of 
the small public housing agency, of not 
more than 20 years based on the small 
public housing agency’s average annual 
consumption during the 3-year period pre-
ceding the year in which the election is 
made (referred to in this subparagraph as 
the ‘consumption base level’). 
‘‘(ii) INITIAL
ADJUSTMENT
IN
CON-
SUMPTION
BASE
LEVEL.—The Secretary 
shall make an initial one-time adjustment 
in the consumption base level to account 
for differences in the heating degree day 
average over the most recent 20-year pe-
riod compared to the average in the con-
sumption base level. 
‘‘(iii) ADJUSTMENTS IN CONSUMPTION 
BASE LEVEL.—The Secretary shall make 
adjustments in the consumption base level 
to account for an increase or reduction in 
units, a change in fuel source, a change in 
resident controlled electricity consumption, 
or for other reasons. 
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‘‘(iv) SAVINGS.—All cost savings re-
sulting from an election made by a small 
public housing agency under this subpara-
graph— 
‘‘(I) shall accrue to the small 
public housing agency; and 
‘‘(II) may be used for any public 
housing purpose at the discretion of 
the small public housing agency. 
‘‘(v) THIRD PARTIES.—A small public 
housing agency making an election under 
this subparagraph— 
‘‘(I) may use, but shall not be re-
quired to use, the services of a third 
party in its energy conservation pro-
gram; and 
‘‘(II) shall have the sole discre-
tion to determine the source, and 
terms and conditions, of any financing 
used for its energy conservation pro-
gram.’’. 
SEC. 6. CONSORTIA. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment shall develop and deploy all electronic information 
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systems necessary to accommodate full consolidated re-
porting by public housing agencies electing to operate in 
consortia under section 13(a) of the United States Hous-
ing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437k(a)). 
SEC. 7. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act, and the amendments made by this Act, 
shall take effect 60 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act. 
Æ 
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