•HRES 173 IH 
people despite real barriers in the legal profession, includ-
ing— 
(1) Eliza ‘‘Lyda’’ Conley (Wyandot Nation), the first 
Native plaintiff to present a case before the Supreme 
Court in 1909; 
(2) Emma Kailikapiolono Metcalf Beckley Nakuina 
(Native Hawaiian) who served as the first female judge 
in Hawaii; and 
(3) Diane Humetewa (Hopi Tribe), the first Native 
American woman to serve as a Federal court judge; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women have served on their respective Tribal Coun-
cils, court judges, and leaders, including Wilma Mankiller 
(Cherokee), the first woman elected to serve as Principal 
Chief of the Cherokee Nation, who fought for her Tribe; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women serve in the medical profession, stretching 
back to Susan La Flesche Picotte (Omaha Tribe), who 
was the first American Indian/Alaska Native person to 
earn a medical degree in 1889; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women have long contributed to the arts and culture 
of the United States, including Maria Tallchief (Osage 
Nation), who was the first prima ballerina of the New 
York City Ballet in 1942 and later a recipient of a Life-
time Achievement Award from the Kennedy Center; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women have accomplished notable literary achieve-
ments, including author Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins 
(Northern Paiute) who wrote and published one of the 
first Native American autobiographies in 1883; 
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•HRES 173 IH 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women have been key to efforts of culture and lan-
guage, including Esther Martinez (Ohkay O´wıˆngeh Pueb-
lo), who persevered to ensure the continuation of the 
Tewa language and whose legacy is honored in the ‘‘Es-
ther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation 
Act’’; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women have served and continue to serve the country 
in the military, with over 6,000 American Indian, Alaska 
Native, and Native Hawaiian women in active service; 
Whereas there are currently 28,000 American Indian, Alaska 
Native, and Native Hawaiian women veterans; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women overcame significant historical barriers to 
women’s enlistment in the military, including Minnie 
Spotted Wolf (Blackfeet Nation), the first Native Amer-
ican woman in the United States Marine Corps in 1943; 
Whereas American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women struggle for equity and are paid just 63 cents 
for every dollar paid to White men; 
Whereas more than 4 in 5 American Indian, Alaska Native, 
and Native Hawaiian women have experienced violence in 
their lifetime, and more than half of American Indian, 
Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian women have experi-
enced sexual violence; and 
Whereas despite significant challenges including the chronic 
lack of Federal funding in Indian Country and unequal 
pay, disparities in education, unmet health care needs, 
and civil rights violations, American Indian, Alaska Na-
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•HRES 173 IH 
tive, and Native Hawaiian women continue to break 
through and thrive: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) celebrates and honors the successes of 
American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawai-
ian women and the contributions they have made 
and continue to make to the United States; 
(2) recognizes that policy and societal changes 
are needed to ensure that American Indian, Alaska 
Native, and Native Hawaiian women live safely and 
freely and can realize their full potential; and 
(3) urges the United States Government and 
Congress to uphold its trust responsibility to Amer-
ican Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian 
women and to all Indian Tribes. 
Æ 
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