IB 
Union Calendar No. 829 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 1552 
[Report No. 115–1068] 
To preserve open competition and Federal Government neutrality towards 
the labor relations of Federal Government contractors on Federal and 
federally funded construction projects, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 15, 2017 
Mr. ROSS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Oversight and Government Reform 
DECEMBER 10, 2018 
Additional sponsors: Mr. MASSIE, Mr. WALKER, Mr. JODY B. HICE of Geor-
gia, Mr. ABRAHAM, Mr. HARPER, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, Mr. BROOKS 
of Alabama, Mr. GROTHMAN, Mr. CALVERT, Mr. FARENTHOLD, Mr. 
CHABOT, Mr. CARTER of Texas, Mr. ROHRABACHER, Mr. ARRINGTON, 
Mr. HOLLINGSWORTH, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. GOSAR, Mr. KELLY of Mis-
sissippi, Mrs. MIMI WALTERS of California, Mr. ISSA, Mr. MESSER, Mr. 
COLE, Mr. FRANCIS ROONEY of Florida, Mrs. WAGNER, Mr. HUNTER, 
Mr. LONG, Mr. SMITH
of Missouri, Mr. LUETKEMEYER, Mr. 
MOOLENAAR, Mr. SMUCKER, Mrs. HARTZLER, Mr. ROUZER, Mr. HUD-
SON, Mr. ROYCE of California, Mr. WILSON of South Carolina, Mr. 
PERRY, Mr. YODER, Mr. KNIGHT, Mr. MITCHELL, Mr. JORDAN, Mr. 
MCCLINTOCK, Mr. HENSARLING, Mr. BARR, Mr. BYRNE, Mr. ADER-
HOLT, Mrs. COMSTOCK, Mr. BISHOP of Michigan, Mr. MARSHALL, Mr. 
CULBERSON, Mr. LAMBORN, Mr. FLORES, Mr. POE of Texas, Mr. RUTH-
ERFORD, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. BUCSHON, Mr. LABRADOR, Mr. 
ROKITA, Mr. THOMPSON of Pennsylvania, Mr. RATCLIFFE, Mrs. LOVE, 
Mr. OLSON, Mr. SMITH of Texas, Mr. AMASH, Mr. ESTES of Kansas, Mr. 
WESTERMAN, Mrs. BLACKBURN, Mr. MARCHANT, Mr. HILL, Mr. SES-
SIONS, Mr. GAETZ, Mr. DESJARLAIS, Mr. GOODLATTE, Mr. WENSTRUP, 
Mr. BUDD, Mr. HOLDING, Mr. BIGGS, Mr. FASO, Mr. WOMACK, Mr. 
HARRIS, Mr. WALBERG, Mr. MULLIN, Mr. LAMALFA, Mr. ROE of Ten-
nessee, Mr. SANFORD, Mr. BRAT, Mr. BABIN, Mrs. ROBY, Mr. JOHNSON 
of Louisiana, Mr. COLLINS of New York, Mrs. MCMORRIS RODGERS, Ms. 
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MCSALLY, Mr. HUIZENGA, Mr. CRAWFORD, Mrs. LESKO, Mr. LATTA, 
Mr. DAVIDSON, Mr. WITTMAN, Mr. NORMAN, Mr. MEADOWS, Mr. KING 
of Iowa, and Mr. CARTER of Georgia 
DECEMBER 10, 2018 
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union 
and ordered to be printed 
A BILL 
To preserve open competition and Federal Government neu-
trality towards the labor relations of Federal Government 
contractors on Federal and federally funded construction 
projects, and for other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fair and Open Com-
petition Act’’ or ‘‘FOCA Act’’. 
SEC. 2. PURPOSES. 
It is the purpose of this Act to— 
(1) promote and ensure open competition on 
Federal and federally funded or assisted construc-
tion projects; 
(2) maintain Federal Government neutrality to-
wards the labor relations of Federal Government 
contractors on Federal and federally funded or as-
sisted construction projects; 
(3) reduce construction costs to the Federal 
Government and to the taxpayers; 
(4) expand job opportunities, especially for 
small and disadvantaged businesses; and 
(5) prevent discrimination against Federal Gov-
ernment contractors or their employees based upon 
labor affiliation or the lack thereof, thereby pro-
moting the economical, nondiscriminatory, and effi-
cient administration and completion of Federal and 
federally funded or assisted construction projects. 
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SEC. 3. PRESERVATION OF OPEN COMPETITION AND FED-
ERAL GOVERNMENT NEUTRALITY. 
(a) PROHIBITION.— 
(1) GENERAL RULE.—The head of each execu-
tive agency that awards any construction contract 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, or that 
obligates funds pursuant to such a contract, shall 
ensure that the agency, and any construction man-
ager acting on behalf of the Federal Government 
with respect to such contract, in its bid specifica-
tions, project agreements, or other controlling docu-
ments does not— 
(A) require or prohibit a bidder, offeror, 
contractor, or subcontractor from entering into, 
or adhering to, agreements with 1 or more 
labor organizations, with respect to that con-
struction project or another related construction 
project; or 
(B) otherwise discriminate against or give 
preference to a bidder, offeror, contractor, or 
subcontractor because such bidder, offeror, con-
tractor, or subcontractor— 
(i) becomes a signatory, or otherwise 
adheres to, an agreement with 1 or more 
labor organizations with respect to that 
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construction project or another related 
construction project; or 
(ii) refuses to become a signatory, or 
otherwise adhere to, an agreement with 1 
or more labor organizations with respect to 
that construction project or another related 
construction project. 
(2) APPLICATION OF PROHIBITION.—This sub-
section shall apply with respect to— 
(A) contracts entered into on or after the 
date of the enactment of this Act; and 
(B) subcontracts awarded under such con-
tracts. 
(3) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
paragraph (1) may be construed to prohibit a con-
tractor or subcontractor from voluntarily entering 
into an agreement described in such paragraph. 
(4) FEDERAL
ACQUISITION
REGULATION.— 
With respect to Federal contracts to which this sub-
section applies, not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Acquisition 
Regulation shall be revised to implement the provi-
sions of this subsection. 
(b) RECIPIENTS OF GRANTS AND OTHER ASSIST-
ANCE.—The head of each executive agency that awards 
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grants, provides financial assistance, or enters into cooper-
ative agreements for construction projects after the date 
of the enactment of this Act shall ensure that— 
(1) the bid specifications, project agreements, 
or other controlling documents for such construction 
projects of a recipient of a grant or financial assist-
ance, or by the parties to a cooperative agreement, 
do not contain any of the requirements or prohibi-
tions described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of sub-
section (a)(1); or 
(2) the bid specifications, project agreements, 
or other controlling documents for such construction 
projects of a construction manager acting on behalf 
of a recipient or party described in paragraph (1) do 
not contain any of the requirements or prohibitions 
described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection 
(a)(1). 
(c) FAILURE TO COMPLY.—If an executive agency, 
a recipient of a grant or financial assistance from an exec-
utive agency, a party to a cooperative agreement with an 
executive agency, or a construction manager acting on be-
half of such an agency, recipient, or party, fails to comply 
with subsection (a) or (b), the head of the executive agency 
awarding the contract, grant, or assistance, or entering 
into the agreement involved, shall take such action, con-
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sistent with law, as the head of such agency determines 
to be appropriate. 
(d) EXEMPTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The head of an executive 
agency may exempt a particular project, contract, 
subcontract, grant, or cooperative agreement from 
the requirements of 1 or more of the provisions of 
subsections (a) and (b) if the head of such agency 
determines that special circumstances exist that re-
quire an exemption in order to avert an imminent 
threat to public health or safety or to serve the na-
tional security. 
(2) SPECIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES.—For purposes 
of paragraph (1), a finding of ‘‘special cir-
cumstances’’ may not be based on the possibility or 
existence of a labor dispute concerning contractors 
or subcontractors that are nonsignatories to, or that 
otherwise do not adhere to, agreements with 1 or 
more labor organizations, or labor disputes con-
cerning employees on the project who are not mem-
bers of, or affiliated with, a labor organization. 
(3) ADDITIONAL
EXEMPTION
FOR
CERTAIN 
PROJECTS.—The head of an executive agency, upon 
application of an awarding authority, a recipient of 
grants or financial assistance, a party to a coopera-
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tive agreement, or a construction manager acting on 
behalf of any of such entities, may exempt a par-
ticular project from the requirements of any or all 
of the provisions of subsection (a) or (b), if the head 
of such agency finds— 
(A) that the awarding authority, recipient 
of grants or financial assistance, party to a co-
operative agreement, or construction manager 
acting on behalf of any of such entities had 
issued or was a party to, as of the date of the 
enactment of this Act, bid specifications, project 
agreements, agreements with 1 or more labor 
organizations, or other controlling documents 
with respect to that particular project, which 
contained any of the requirements or prohibi-
tions set forth in subsection (a)(1); and 
(B) that 1 or more construction contracts 
subject to such requirements or prohibitions 
had been awarded as of the date of the enact-
ment of this Act. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
CONSTRUCTION
CONTRACT.—The 
term 
‘‘construction contract’’ means any contract for the 
construction, rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, 
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extension, or repair of buildings, highways, or other 
improvements to real property. 
(2) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘‘executive 
agency’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘Executive 
agency’’ in section 105 of title 5, United States 
Code, except that such term does not include the 
Government Accountability Office. 
(3) LABOR ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘labor 
organization’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 701 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 
U.S.C. 2000e). 
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Union Calendar No. 829 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 1552 
[Report No. 115–1068] 
A BILL 
To preserve open competition and Federal Govern-
ment neutrality towards the labor relations of 
Federal Government contractors on Federal and 
federally funded construction projects, and for 
other purposes. 
DECEMBER 10, 2018 
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
State of the Union and ordered to be printed 
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