to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for 
support of basic research activities in the physical 
sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engi-
neering, $86,240,000 for fiscal year 2008, $94,860,000 
for fiscal year 2009, $104,350,000 for fiscal year 2010, 
$114,780,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $126,260,000 for 
fiscal year 2012. 
(e) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.—There are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Defense for 
support of basic research activities under budget category 
6.1, $1,784,750,000 for fiscal year 2008, $1,963,220,000 
for fiscal year 2009, $2,159,540,000 for fiscal year 2010, 
$2,375,490,000 for fiscal year 2011, and $2,613,000,000 
for fiscal year 2012. 
(f) HIGH-RISK RESEARCH.—Of the amounts appro-
priated in each of subsections (a) through (e), not less 
than 8 percent shall be available for high-risk, potentially 
high-payoff research as determined by technical program 
managers at the respective agencies. 
SEC. 3. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION EARLY CAREER 
AWARDS FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 
RESEARCHERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall carry out a program to award 
grants to scientists and engineers at the early stage of 
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their careers at institutions of higher education and orga-
nizations described in subsection (c)(2) to conduct re-
search in fields relevant to the mission of the Foundation. 
The existing Faculty Early Career Development (CA-
REER) Program may be designated as the mechanism for 
awarding such grants. 
(b) SIZE AND DURATION OF AWARD.—The duration 
of awards under this section shall be 5 years, and the 
amount per year shall be at least $80,000. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—Award recipients shall be individ-
uals who are employed in a tenure-track position as an 
assistant professor or equivalent title, or who hold an 
equivalent position, at— 
(1) an institution of higher education in the 
United States; or 
(2) an organization in the United States that is 
a nonprofit, nondegree-granting research organiza-
tion such as a museum, observatory, or research lab-
oratory. 
(d) SELECTION.—Award recipients shall be selected 
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 
(e) SELECTION
PROCESS
AND
CRITERIA
FOR 
AWARDS.—An applicant seeking funding under this sec-
tion shall submit a proposal to the Director at such time, 
in such manner, and containing such information as the 
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Director may require. In evaluating the proposals sub-
mitted under this section, the Director shall consider, at 
a minimum— 
(1) the intellectual merit of the proposed work; 
(2) the innovative or transformative nature of 
the proposed research; 
(3) the extent to which the proposal integrates 
research and education, including undergraduate 
education in science and engineering disciplines; and 
(4) the potential of the applicant for leadership 
at the frontiers of knowledge. 
(f) AWARDS.—In awarding grants under this section, 
the Director shall endeavor to ensure that the recipients 
are from a variety of types of institutions of higher edu-
cation and nonprofit, nondegree-granting research organi-
zations. In support of this goal, the Director shall broadly 
disseminate information about when and how to apply for 
grants under this section, including by conducting out-
reach to Historically Black Colleges and Universities that 
are part B institutions as defined in section 322(2) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2)) and 
minority institutions (as defined in section 365(3) of that 
Act (20 U.S.C. 1067k(3))). 
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION.—For each 
of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, the Director shall 
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allocate at least 3.5 percent of funds appropriated to the 
National Science Foundation for Research and Related 
Activities to the grants program under this section. 
(h) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Director shall transmit to 
the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives 
and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation of the Senate a report describing the distribution 
of the institutions from which individuals have partici-
pated in the Faculty Early Career Development Program 
since fiscal year 2001 among each of the categories of in-
stitutions of higher education defined by the Carnegie 
Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the or-
ganizations in subsection (c)(2). 
(i) EVALUATION.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall transmit 
to the Committee on Science of the House of Representa-
tives and to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report evaluating the im-
pact of the program carried out under this section on the 
ability of young faculty to compete for National Science 
Foundation research grants. 
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SEC. 4. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EARLY CAREER AWARDS 
FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH-
ERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy shall carry out a 
program to award grants to scientists and engineers at 
the early stage of their careers at institutions of higher 
education and organizations described in subsection (c)(2) 
to conduct research in fields relevant to the mission of the 
Department. 
(b) SIZE AND DURATION OF AWARD.—The duration 
of awards under this section shall be up to 5 years, and 
the amount per year shall be at least $80,000. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—Award recipients shall be individ-
uals who are employed in a tenure-track position as an 
assistant professor or equivalent title, or who hold an 
equivalent position, at— 
(1) an institution of higher education in the 
United States; or 
(2) an organization in the United States that is 
a nonprofit, nondegree-granting research organiza-
tion such as a museum, observatory, or research lab-
oratory. 
(d) SELECTION.—Award recipients shall be selected 
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. 
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