1026 
‘‘(3) A list, by country and site, reflecting the 
total amount of separated plutonium around the 
world, including an identification of such plutonium 
that is obligated by the United States, and an as-
sessment of the vulnerability of the plutonium to 
theft or diversion.’’. 
SEC. 3133. GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR 
SECURITY ENTERPRISE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) correcting the longstanding problems with 
the governance and management of the nuclear se-
curity enterprise will require robust, personal, and 
long-term engagement by the President, the Sec-
retary of Energy, the Administrator for Nuclear Se-
curity, and leaders from the appropriate congres-
sional committees; 
(2) recent and past studies of the governance 
and management of the nuclear security enterprise 
have provided a list of reasonable, practical, and ac-
tionable steps that the Secretary and the Adminis-
trator should take to make the nuclear security en-
terprise more efficient and more effective; and 
(3) lasting and effective change to the nuclear 
security enterprise will require personal engagement
1027 
by senior leaders, a clear plan, and mechanisms for 
ensuring follow-through and accountability. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.— 
(1) IMPLEMENTATION ACTION TEAM.— 
(A) The Secretary and the Administrator 
shall jointly establish a team of senior officials 
from the Department of Energy and the Na-
tional Nuclear Security Administration to de-
velop and carry out an implementation plan to 
reform the governance and management of the 
nuclear security enterprise to improve the effec-
tiveness and efficiency of the nuclear security 
enterprise. Such plan shall be developed and 
implemented in accordance with the National 
Nuclear Security Administration Act (50 U.S.C. 
2401 et seq.), the Atomic Energy Defense Act 
(50 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), and any other provi-
sion of law. 
(B) The team established under paragraph 
(1) shall be co-chaired by the Deputy Secretary 
of Energy and the Administrator. 
(C) In developing and carrying out the im-
plementation plan, the team shall consult with 
the implementation assessment panel estab-
lished under subsection (c)(1).
1028 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The implementation plan de-
veloped under paragraph (1)(A) shall address all 
recommendations contained in the covered study (ex-
cept such recommendations that require legislative 
action to carry out) by identifying specific actions, 
milestones, timelines, and responsible personnel to 
implement such plan. 
(3) SUBMISSION.—Not later than January 30, 
2016, the Secretary of Energy and the Adminis-
trator for Nuclear Security shall jointly submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees the imple-
mentation plan developed under paragraph (1)(A). 
(c) IMPLEMENTATION ASSESSMENT PANEL.— 
(1) AGREEMENT.—Not later than 60 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall seek to enter into a joint agreement with 
the National Academy of Sciences and the National 
Academy of Public Administration to establish a 
panel of external, independent experts to evaluate 
the implementation plan developed under subsection 
(b)(1)(A) and the implementation of such plan. 
(2) DUTIES.—The panel established under 
paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) provide guidance to the Secretary and 
the Administrator with respect to the imple-
1029 
mentation plan developed under subsection 
(b)(1)(A), including how such plan compares or 
contrasts with the covered study; 
(B) track the implementation of such plan; 
and 
(C) assess the effectiveness of such plan. 
(3) REPORTS.— 
(A) Not later than March 1, 2016, the 
panel established under paragraph (1) shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees, the Secretary, and the Administrator 
an initial assessment of the implementation 
plan developed under subsection (b)(1)(A), in-
cluding with respect to the completeness of the 
plan, how the plan aligns with the intent and 
recommendations made by the covered study, 
and the prospects for success for the plan. 
(B) Beginning August 1, 2016, and semi-
annually thereafter until September 30, 2018, 
the panel established under paragraph (1) shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees, the Secretary, and the Administrator a 
report on the efforts of the Secretary and the 
Administrator to implement the implementation 
plan developed under subsection (b)(1)(A).
1030 
(C) Not later than September 30, 2018, 
the panel established under paragraph (1) shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees, the Secretary, and the Administrator a 
final report on the efforts of the Secretary and 
the Administrator to implement the implemen-
tation 
plan 
developed 
under 
subsection 
(b)(1)(A), including an assessment of the effec-
tiveness of the reform efforts under such plan 
and whether further action is needed. 
(4) COOPERATION.—The Secretary and the Ad-
ministrator shall provide to the panel established 
under paragraph (1) full and timely access to all in-
formation, personnel, and systems of the Depart-
ment of Energy and the National Nuclear Security 
Administration that the panel determines necessary 
to carry out this subsection. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘nuclear security enterprise’’ has 
the meaning given that term in section 4002(6) of 
the Atomic Energy Defense Act (50 U.S.C. 2501). 
(2) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Appropriations, and the Com-
1031 
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Appropriations, and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce of the House 
of Representatives. 
(5) The term ‘‘covered study’’ means the fol-
lowing: 
(A) The final report of the Congressional 
Advisory Panel on the Governance of the Nu-
clear Security Enterprise established by section 
3166 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2013 (Public Law 112–239; 
126 Stat. 2208). 
(B) Any other study not conducted by the 
Secretary or the Administrator that the Sec-
retary determines appropriate for purposes of 
this section. 
(e) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to authorize any action— 
(1) in contravention of section 3220 of the Na-
tional Nuclear Security Administration Act (50 
U.S.C. 2410); or 
(2) that would undermine or weaken health, 
safety, or security.
1032 
SEC. 3134. ASSESSMENTS ON NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION 
RISKS AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION 
OPPORTUNITIES. 
(a) REPORTS.—Not later than March 1, 2016, and 
each year thereafter through 2020, the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report, consistent with the provision 
of classified information and intelligence sources and 
methods, containing— 
(1) an assessment and prioritization of inter-
national nuclear proliferation risks and nuclear non-
proliferation opportunities; and 
(2) an assessment of the effectiveness of various 
means and programs for addressing such risks and 
opportunities. 
(b) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 
(3) the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives and the Se-
lect Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
1033 
SEC. 3135. INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF LABORATORY-DI-
RECTED 
RESEARCH 
AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
PROGRAMS. 
(a) REVIEW.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator for Nu-
clear Security shall seek to enter into a contract 
with the JASON Defense Advisory Panel to conduct 
a review of the laboratory-directed research and de-
velopment programs authorized under section 4811 
of the Atomic Energy Defense Act (50 U.S.C. 
2791). Such review shall include assessments of the 
following: 
(A) Whether and how such programs sup-
port the mission of the National Nuclear Secu-
rity Administration, including whether such 
programs are carried out pursuant to the re-
quirements of section 4812(a) of such Act (50 
U.S.C. 2792(a)) or other similar requirements 
established by the Secretary of Energy or the 
Administrator. 
(B) Whether the science conducted under 
such programs underpin the advancement of 
scientific understanding necessary for nuclear 
weapons, nuclear nonproliferation, and naval 
nuclear propulsion programs.
1034 
(C) Whether the science conducted under 
such programs help attract and retain highly 
qualified technical personnel. 
(D) The scientific and programmatic op-
portunities and challenges in such programs, in-
cluding recent significant accomplishments and 
failures of such programs. 
(E) How projects are selected for funding 
under such programs. 
(2) SUBMISSION.—Not later than November 1, 
2016, the Administrator shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report containing the re-
view of the JASON Defense Advisory Panel con-
ducted under paragraph (1). 
(b) COMPTROLLER GENERAL BRIEFING.—Not later 
than November 1, 2016, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall provide to the congressional defense 
committees a briefing on the following: 
(1) How funding limits for laboratory-directed 
research and development programs of the National 
Nuclear Security Administration compare to funding 
limits for other laboratories of the Department of 
Energy and laboratories and federally funded re-
search and development centers of the Department 
of Defense.
1035 
(2) How many personnel are supported by lab-
oratory-directed research and development programs, 
including— 
(A) how many personnel receive 50 percent 
or more of their funding from such programs; 
and 
(B) how many personnel devote more than 
50 percent of their time to such programs for 
more than three years. 
SEC. 3136. ESTABLISHMENT OF MICROLAB PILOT PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in collaboration 
with the directors of national laboratories, may establish 
a microlab pilot program under which the Secretary estab-
lishes a microlab that is located in close proximity to a 
national laboratory and that is accessible to the public for 
the purposes of— 
(1) enhancing collaboration with regional re-
search groups, such as institutions of higher edu-
cation and industry groups; and 
(2) accelerating technology transfer from na-
tional laboratories to the marketplace. 
(3) promoting regional workforce development 
through science, technology, engineering, and mathe-
matics (STEM) instruction and training.
1036 
(b) CRITERIA.—In determining the placement of a 
microlab under subsection (a), the Secretary shall con-
sider— 
(1) the commitment of a national laboratory to 
establishing a microlab; 
(2) the existence of a joint research institute or 
a new facility that— 
(A) is not on the main site of a national 
laboratory; 
(B) is in close proximity to a national lab-
oratory; and 
(C) has the capability to house a microlab; 
(3) whether employees of a national laboratory 
and persons from academia, industry, and govern-
ment are available to be assigned to the microlab; 
and 
(4) cost-sharing or in-kind contributions from 
State and local governments and private industry. 
(c) TIMING.—If the Secretary, in collaboration with 
the directors of national laboratories, elects to establish 
a microlab pilot program under this section, the Secretary, 
in collaboration with the directors of national laboratories, 
shall— 
(1) not later than 60 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, begin the process of deter-
1037 
mining the placement of the microlab under sub-
section (a); and 
(2) not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, implement the microlab pilot 
program under this section. 
(d) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after 
the date of implementation of the microlab pilot program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, the Com-
mittee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a report that pro-
vides an update on the implementation of the microlab 
pilot program under subsection (a). 
(e) PROGRESS REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of implementation of the microlab pilot program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, the Com-
mittee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a report on the 
microlab pilot program under subsection (a), including 
findings and recommendations of the Secretary.
1040 
SEC. 3142. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED 
NAVAL NUCLEAR FUEL SYSTEM BASED ON 
LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM. 
(a) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of the funds author-
ized to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made 
available for fiscal year 2016 for defense nuclear non-
proliferation for material management and minimization, 
not more than $5,000,000 shall be made available to the 
Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors for initial plan-
ning and early research and development of an advanced 
naval nuclear fuel system based on low-enriched uranium, 
as specified in the funding table in section 4701. 
(b) DETERMINATION OF CONTINUED RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) DETERMINATION.—At the same time that 
the President submits to Congress the budget for 
fiscal year 2017 under section 1105(a) of title 31, 
United States Code, the Secretary of Energy and 
the Secretary of the Navy shall jointly submit to the 
congressional defense committees the determination 
of the Secretaries as to whether the United States 
should continue to pursue research and development 
of an advanced naval nuclear fuel system based on 
low-enriched uranium. 
(2) BUDGET REQUEST.—If the Secretaries de-
termine under paragraph (1) that research and de-
1041 
velopment of an advanced naval nuclear fuel system 
based on low-enriched uranium should continue, the 
Secretaries shall ensure that the budget described in 
such paragraph includes amounts for defense nu-
clear nonproliferation for material management and 
minimization necessary to carry out the plan under 
subsection (c). 
(c) PLAN.—Not later than 30 days after the date of 
the submission of the determination under subsection 
(b)(1), the Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a plan for 
research and development of an advanced naval nuclear 
fuel system based on low-enriched uranium to meet mili-
tary requirements. Such plan shall include the following: 
(1) Timelines. 
(2) Costs (including an analysis of the cost of 
such research and development as compared to the 
cost of maintaining current naval nuclear reactor 
technology). 
(3) Milestones, including an identification of de-
cision points in which the Deputy Administrator 
shall determine whether further research and devel-
opment of a low-enriched uranium naval nuclear fuel 
system is warranted.
1042 
(4) Identification of any benefits or risks for 
nuclear nonproliferation of such research and devel-
opment and eventual deployment. 
(5) Identification of any military benefits or 
risks of such research and development and eventual 
deployment. 
(6) A discussion of potential security cost sav-
ings from using low-enriched uranium in future 
naval nuclear fuels, including for transporting and 
using low-enriched uranium fuel, and how such cost 
savings relate to the cost of fuel fabrication. 
(7) The distinguishment between requirements 
for aircraft carriers from submarines. 
(8) Any other matters the Deputy Adminis-
trator determines appropriate. 
(d) MEMORANDUM
OF UNDERSTANDING.—If the 
Secretaries determine under subsection (b)(1) that re-
search and development of an advanced naval nuclear fuel 
system based on low-enriched uranium should continue, 
not later than 60 days after the date on which the Deputy 
Administrator submits the plan under subsection (c), the 
Deputy Administrator shall enter into a memorandum of 
understanding with the Deputy Administrator for Defense 
Nuclear Nonproliferation regarding such research and de-
velopment, including with respect to how funding for such
1043 
research and development will be requested for the ‘‘De-
fense Nuclear Nonproliferation’’ account for material 
management and minimization and provided to the ‘‘Naval 
Reactors’’ account to carry out the program. 
SEC. 3143. PLUTONIUM PIT PRODUCTION CAPACITY. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the requirement to create a modern, respon-
sive nuclear infrastructure that includes the capa-
bility and capacity to produce, at minimum, 50 to 
80 pits per year, is a national security priority; 
(2) delaying creation of a modern, responsive 
nuclear infrastructure until the 2030s is an unac-
ceptable risk to the nuclear deterrent and the na-
tional security of the United States; and 
(3) timelines for creating certain capacities for 
production of plutonium pits and other nuclear 
weapons components must be driven by the require-
ment to hedge against technical and geopolitical risk 
and not solely by the needs of life extension pro-
grams. 
(b) BRIEFING.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than March 1, 
2016, the Chairman of the Nuclear Weapons Coun-
cil established under section 179 of title 10, United
1044 
States Code, in consultation with the Administrator 
for Nuclear Security and the Commander of the 
United States Strategic Command, shall provide to 
the congressional defense committees a briefing on 
the annual plutonium pit production capacity of the 
nuclear security enterprise (as defined in section 
4002(6) of the Atomic Energy Defense Act (50 
U.S.C. 2501)). 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The briefing under paragraph 
(1) shall describe the following: 
(A) The pit production capacity require-
ment, including the numbers of pits produced 
that are needed for nuclear weapons life exten-
sion programs. 
(B) The annual pit production require-
ment, including the numbers of pits produced, 
to support a responsive nuclear weapons infra-
structure to hedge against technical and geo-
political risk. 
SEC. 3144. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR MOBILE 
GUARDIAN TRANSPORTER PROGRAM. 
(a) SUBMISSION OF ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES.— 
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator for Nuclear Security shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees the anal-
1045 
ysis of alternatives conducted by the Administrator for the 
mobile guardian transporter program. 
(b) INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall seek to enter into a contract with a fed-
erally funded research and development center to 
conduct an independent assessment of the analysis 
of alternatives for the mobile guardian transporter 
program. 
(2) MATTERS
INCLUDED.—The assessment 
under paragraph (1) of the analysis of alternatives 
for the mobile guardian transporter program shall 
include an assessment of the following: 
(A) The engineering, operations, logistics, 
cost, cost-benefit, policy, threat, safety, security, 
and risk analysis used to inform the analysis of 
alternatives. 
(B) The options considered by the analysis 
of alternatives and whether such options rep-
resent a comprehensive set of options. 
(C) The constraints and assumptions used 
to frame and bound the analysis of alternatives.
1046 
(3) SUBMISSION.—Not later than March 1, 
2016, the Administrator shall submit to the congres-
sional defense committees a report containing— 
(A) the assessment conducted by the feder-
ally funded research and development center 
under paragraph (1), without change; and 
(B) any views of the Administrator regard-
ing such assessment or the mobile guardian 
transporter program. 
(c) IDENTIFICATION IN BUDGET MATERIALS.—The 
Secretary of Energy shall include in the budget justifica-
tion materials submitted to Congress in support of the De-
partment of Energy budget (as submitted with the budget 
of the President under section 1105(a) of title 31, United 
States Code) for any fiscal year in which the mobile guard-
ian transporter program is carried out a separate, dedi-
cated program element for such program. 
SEC. 3145. DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY ON RISKS TO NON-
PROLIFERATION CAUSED BY ADDITIVE MAN-
UFACTURING. 
(a) STRATEGY.—The President shall develop and 
pursue a strategy to address the risks to the goals and 
policies of the United States regarding nuclear non-
proliferation that are caused by the increased use of addi-
tive manufacture technology (commonly referred to as
1047 
‘‘3D printing’’), including such technology that does not 
originate in the United States. 
(b) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than March 31, 2016, 
and each 120-day period thereafter through January 1, 
2019, the President shall provide to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a briefing on the strategy developed 
under subsection (a). 
(c) PURSUIT OF STRATEGY.—The President shall 
pursue the strategy developed under subsection (a) at the 
Nuclear Security Summit in Chicago in 2016. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means the following: 
(1) The congressional defense committees. 
(2) The Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives and the Se-
lect Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. 
(3) The Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate.
1048 
TITLE 
XXXII—DEFENSE 
NU-
CLEAR 
FACILITIES 
SAFETY 
BOARD 
SEC. 3201. AUTHORIZATION. 
There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 
2016 $29,150,000 for the operation of the Defense Nu-
clear Facilities Safety Board under chapter 21 of the 
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2286 et seq.). 
SEC. 3202. ADMINISTRATION OF DEFENSE NUCLEAR FA-
CILITIES SAFETY BOARD. 
(a) PROVISION OF INFORMATION TO BOARD MEM-
BERS.—Section 311(c) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 
(42 U.S.C. 2286(c)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), in the matter preceding 
subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘paragraph (5)’’ and 
inserting ‘‘paragraphs (5), (6), and (7)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(6) In carrying out paragraph (5)(B), the Chairman 
may not withhold from any member of the Board any in-
formation that is made available to the Chairman regard-
ing the Board’s functions, powers, and mission (including 
with respect to the management and evaluation of employ-
ees of the Board).’’. 
(b) SENIOR EMPLOYEES.—
1049 
(1) APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL.— Such sec-
tion 311(c), as amended by subsection (a), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(7)(A) The Chairman, subject to the approval of the 
Board, shall appoint the senior employees described in 
subparagraph (C). 
‘‘(B) The Chairman, subject to the approval of the 
Board, may remove a senior employee described in sub-
paragraph (C). 
‘‘(C) The senior employees described in this subpara-
graph are the following senior employees of the Board: 
‘‘(i) The senior employee responsible for budg-
etary and general administration matters. 
‘‘(ii) The general counsel. 
‘‘(iii) The senior employee responsible for tech-
nical matters.’’. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
313(b)(1)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2286b(b)(1)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘hire’’ and inserting ‘‘in ac-
cordance with section 311(c)(7), hire’’.
1050 
TITLE XXXIV—NAVAL 
PETROLEUM RESERVES 
SEC. 3401. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) AMOUNT.—There are hereby authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary of Energy $17,500,000 for fis-
cal year 2016 for the purpose of carrying out activities 
under chapter 641 of title 10, United States Code, relating 
to the naval petroleum reserves. 
(b) PERIOD OF AVAILABILITY.—Funds appropriated 
pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in sub-
section (a) shall remain available until expended. 
TITLE XXXV—MARITIME 
ADMINISTRATION 
SEC. 3501. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR NA-
TIONAL SECURITY ASPECTS OF THE MER-
CHANT MARINE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2016. 
Funds are hereby authorized to be appropriated for 
fiscal year 2016, to be available without fiscal year limita-
tion if so provided in appropriations Acts, for the use of 
the Department of Transportation for Maritime Adminis-
tration programs associated with maintaining national se-
curity aspects of the merchant marine, as follows: 
(1) For expenses necessary for operations of the 
United 
States 
Merchant 
Marine 
Academy, 
$96,028,000, of which—