participate in self-governance if the Indian tribe 
is eligible under subsection (b). 
‘‘(B) EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL.—If an In-
dian tribe withdraws from participation in a 
tribal organization, the Indian tribe shall be en-
titled to its tribal share of funds and resources 
supporting the programs that the Indian tribe 
is entitled to carry out under the compact and 
funding agreement of the Indian tribe. 
‘‘(C) PARTICIPATION
IN
SELF-GOVERN-
ANCE.—The withdrawal of an Indian tribe from 
a tribal organization shall not affect the eligi-
bility of the tribal organization to participate in 
self-governance on behalf of 1 or more other In-
dian tribes, if the tribal organization still quali-
fies under subsection (b). 
‘‘(D) WITHDRAWAL PROCESS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—An Indian tribe 
may, by tribal resolution, fully or partially 
withdraw its tribal share of any program 
in a funding agreement from a partici-
pating tribal organization. 
‘‘(ii) 
NOTIFICATION.—The 
Indian 
tribe shall provide a copy of the tribal reso-
lution described in clause (i) to the Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(iii) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—A withdrawal 
under clause (i) shall become effective 
on the date that is specified in the 
tribal resolution and mutually agreed 
upon by the Secretary, the with-
drawing Indian tribe, and the tribal 
organization that signed the compact 
and funding agreement on behalf of 
the withdrawing Indian tribe or tribal 
organization. 
‘‘(II) NO
SPECIFIED
DATE.—In 
the absence of a date specified in the 
resolution, the withdrawal shall be-
come effective on— 
‘‘(aa) the earlier of— 
‘‘(AA) 1 year after the 
date of submission of the re-
quest; and 
‘‘(BB) 
the 
date 
on 
which the funding agree-
ment expires; or
‘‘(bb) such date as may be 
mutually agreed upon by the Sec-
retary, the withdrawing Indian 
tribe, and the tribal organization 
that signed the compact and 
funding agreement on behalf of 
the withdrawing Indian tribe or 
tribal organization. 
‘‘(E) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS.—If an In-
dian tribe or tribal organization eligible to enter 
into a self-determination contract under title I 
or a compact or funding agreement under this 
title fully or partially withdraws from a partici-
pating tribal organization, the withdrawing In-
dian tribe— 
‘‘(i) may elect to enter into a self-de-
termination contract or compact, in which 
case— 
‘‘(I) the withdrawing Indian tribe 
or tribal organization shall be entitled 
to its tribal share of unexpended 
funds and resources supporting the 
programs that the Indian tribe will be 
carrying out under its own self-deter-
mination contract or compact and
funding agreement (calculated on the 
same basis as the funds were initially 
allocated to the funding agreement of 
the tribal organization); and 
‘‘(II) the funds referred to in 
subclause (I) shall be withdrawn by 
the Secretary from the funding agree-
ment of the tribal organization and 
transferred to the withdrawing Indian 
tribe, on the condition that sections 
102 and 105(i), as appropriate, shall 
apply to the withdrawing Indian tribe; 
or 
‘‘(ii) may elect not to enter into a self- 
determination contract or compact, in 
which case all unexpended funds and re-
sources associated with the withdrawing 
Indian tribe’s returned programs (cal-
culated on the same basis as the funds 
were initially allocated to the funding 
agreement of the tribal organization) shall 
be returned by the tribal organization to 
the Secretary for operation of the pro-
grams included in the withdrawal.
‘‘(c) PLANNING PHASE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An Indian tribe seeking to 
begin participation in self-governance shall complete 
a planning phase as provided in this subsection. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—The planning phase shall— 
‘‘(A) be conducted to the satisfaction of 
the Indian tribe; and 
‘‘(B) include— 
‘‘(i) legal and budgetary research; and 
‘‘(ii) internal tribal government plan-
ning, training, and organizational prepara-
tion. 
‘‘(d) GRANTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, an Indian tribe or tribal organiza-
tion that meets the requirements of paragraphs (2) 
and (3) of subsection (b) shall be eligible for 
grants— 
‘‘(A) to plan for participation in self-gov-
ernance; and 
‘‘(B) to negotiate the terms of participa-
tion by the Indian tribe or tribal organization 
in self-governance, as set forth in a compact 
and a funding agreement.
‘‘(2) RECEIPT OF GRANT NOT REQUIRED.—Re-
ceipt of a grant under paragraph (1) shall not be a 
requirement of participation in self-governance. 
‘‘SEC. 404. COMPACTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall negotiate 
and enter into a written compact with each Indian tribe 
participating in self-governance in a manner consistent 
with the trust responsibility of the Federal Government, 
treaty obligations, and the government-to-government re-
lationship between Indian tribes and the United States. 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—A compact under subsection (a) 
shall— 
‘‘(1) specify and affirm the general terms of the 
government-to-government relationship between the 
Indian tribe and the Secretary; and 
‘‘(2) include such terms as the parties intend 
shall control during the term of the compact. 
‘‘(c) AMENDMENT.—A compact under subsection (a) 
may be amended only by agreement of the parties. 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The effective date of a com-
pact under subsection (a) shall be— 
‘‘(1) the date of the execution of the compact 
by the parties; or 
‘‘(2) another date agreed upon by the parties.
‘‘(e) DURATION.—A compact under subsection (a) 
shall remain in effect— 
‘‘(1) for so long as permitted by Federal law; 
or 
‘‘(2) until termination by written agreement, 
retrocession, or reassumption. 
‘‘(f) EXISTING COMPACTS.—An Indian tribe partici-
pating in self-governance under this title, as in effect on 
the date of enactment of the Department of the Interior 
Tribal Self-Governance Act of 2010, shall have the option 
at any time after that date— 
‘‘(1) to retain its negotiated compact (in whole 
or in part) to the extent that the provisions of the 
compact are not directly contrary to any express 
provision of this title; or 
‘‘(2) to negotiate a new compact in a manner 
consistent with this title. 
‘‘SEC. 405. FUNDING AGREEMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall negotiate 
and enter into a written funding agreement with the gov-
erning body of an Indian tribe or tribal organization in 
a manner consistent with the trust responsibility of the 
Federal Government, treaty obligations, and the govern-
ment-to-government relationship between Indian tribes 
and the United States.
‘‘(b) INCLUDED PROGRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND OFFICE 
OF SPECIAL TRUSTEE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A funding agreement 
shall, as determined by the Indian tribe, au-
thorize the Indian tribe to plan, conduct, con-
solidate, administer, and receive full tribal 
share funding for all programs carried out by 
the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Office of the 
Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, and the 
Office of the Special Trustee, without regard to 
the agency or office within which the program 
is performed (including funding for agency, 
area, and central office functions in accordance 
with section 409(c)), that— 
‘‘(i) are provided for in the Act of 
April 16, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 452 et seq.); 
‘‘(ii) the Secretary administers for the 
benefit of Indians under the Act of Novem-
ber 2, 1921 (25 U.S.C. 13), or any subse-
quent Act; 
‘‘(iii) the Secretary administers for 
the benefit of Indians with appropriations 
made to agencies other than the Depart-
ment of the Interior; or
‘‘(iv) are provided for the benefit of 
Indians because of their status as Indians. 
‘‘(B) INCLUSIONS.—Programs described in 
subparagraph (A) shall include all programs 
with respect to which Indian tribes or Indians 
are primary or significant beneficiaries. 
‘‘(2) DISCRETIONARY
PROGRAMS
OF
SPECIAL 
SIGNIFICANCE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A funding agreement 
under subsection (a) may, in accordance with 
such additional terms as the parties consider to 
be appropriate, include programs, services, 
functions, and activities (or portions thereof), 
administered by the Secretary, in addition to 
programs described in paragraphs (1) and (3), 
that are of special geographical, historical, or 
cultural significance to the Indian tribe. 
‘‘(B) GOVERNING PROVISIONS.—A funding 
agreement described in subparagraph (A), in-
cluding the additional terms, shall be governed 
by this title, except that, subject to the discre-
tion of the Secretary— 
‘‘(i) 
in 
accordance 
with 
section 
406(d), the Indian tribe may have realloca-
tion, consolidation, and redesign authority
over any program assumed under this 
paragraph; 
‘‘(ii) notwithstanding section 408, the 
Secretary may require special terms and 
conditions regarding a construction pro-
gram or project assumed under this para-
graph; 
‘‘(iii) all Federal regulations that oth-
erwise govern the operation of any pro-
gram assumed under this paragraph apply 
to the Indian tribe, unless a specific regu-
lation is waived by the Secretary under the 
procedures set forth in section 410(b)(2), 
which waiver request may be denied upon 
a specific finding by the Secretary that the 
waiver is prohibited by Federal law or is 
inconsistent with the express provisions of 
the funding agreement; and 
‘‘(iv) a stable base budget, as de-
scribed in paragraph (7)(B), may be pro-
vided for any program assumed under this 
paragraph. 
‘‘(3) PROGRAMS
OTHERWISE
AVAILABLE.—A 
funding agreement shall, as determined by the In-
dian tribe, authorize the Indian tribe to plan, con-
duct, consolidate, administer, and receive full tribal 
share funding for any program administered by the 
Department other than through the Bureau of In-
dian Affairs, the Office of the Assistant Secretary 
for Indian Affairs, or the Office of the Special 
Trustee, that the Secretary has determined is other-
wise available to Indian tribes or Indians under sec-
tion 102. Nothing in this paragraph may be con-
strued to provide any Indian tribe with a preference 
with respect to the opportunity of that Indian tribe 
to administer programs, services, functions, or ac-
tivities, or portions thereof, unless that preference is 
otherwise provided for by law. 
‘‘(4) COMPETITIVE BIDDING.—Nothing in this 
section— 
‘‘(A) supersedes any express statutory re-
quirement for competitive bidding; or 
‘‘(B) prohibits the inclusion in a funding 
agreement of a program in which non-Indians 
have an incidental or legally identifiable inter-
est. 
‘‘(5) EXCLUDED FUNDING.—A funding agree-
ment shall not authorize an Indian tribe to plan, 
conduct, administer, or receive tribal share funding 
under any program that—
‘‘(A) is provided under the Tribally Con-
trolled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act 
of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.); and 
‘‘(B) is provided for elementary and sec-
ondary schools under the formula developed 
under section 1127 of the Education Amend-
ments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2007). 
‘‘(6) SERVICES, FUNCTIONS, AND RESPONSIBIL-
ITIES.—A funding agreement shall specify— 
‘‘(A) the services to be provided under the 
funding agreement; 
‘‘(B) the functions to be performed under 
the funding agreement; and 
‘‘(C) the responsibilities of the Indian tribe 
and the Secretary under the funding agreement. 
‘‘(7) BASE BUDGET.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A funding agreement 
pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (3) shall, at 
the option of the Indian tribe, provide for a sta-
ble base budget specifying the recurring funds 
(which may include funds available under sec-
tion 106(a)) to be transferred to the Indian 
tribe, for such period as the Indian tribe speci-
fies in the funding agreement, subject to annual
adjustment only to reflect changes in congres-
sional appropriations. 
‘‘(B) DISCRETIONARY PROGRAMS OF SPE-
CIAL SIGNIFICANCE.—Upon agreement by the 
Secretary, a funding agreement under para-
graph (2) may also provide for a stable base 
budget. 
‘‘(8) NO WAIVER OF TRUST RESPONSIBILITY.— 
A funding agreement shall prohibit the Secretary 
from waiving, modifying, or diminishing in any way 
the trust responsibility of the United States with re-
spect to Indian tribes and individual Indians that ex-
ists under treaties, Executive orders, court decisions, 
and other laws. 
‘‘(c) AMENDMENT.—The Secretary shall not revise, 
amend, or require additional terms in a new or subsequent 
funding agreement without the consent of the Indian tribe, 
unless such terms are required by Federal law. 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—A funding agreement shall 
become effective on the date specified in the funding 
agreement. 
‘‘(e) EXISTING AND SUBSEQUENT FUNDING AGREE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(1) SUBSEQUENT
FUNDING
AGREEMENTS.— 
Absent notification from an Indian tribe that the In-
dian tribe is withdrawing or retroceding the oper-
ation of 1 or more programs identified in a funding 
agreement under paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection 
(b), or unless otherwise agreed to by the parties to 
the funding agreement or by the nature of any non-
continuing program, service, function, or activity 
contained in a funding agreement— 
‘‘(A) a funding agreement shall remain in 
full force and effect until a subsequent funding 
agreement is executed, with funding paid annu-
ally for each fiscal year the agreement is in ef-
fect; and 
‘‘(B) the term of the subsequent funding 
agreement shall be retroactive to the end of the 
term of the preceding funding agreement for 
the purposes of calculating the amount of fund-
ing to which the Indian tribe is entitled. 
‘‘(2) DISPUTES.—Disputes over the implemen-
tation of paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to section 
407(c). 
‘‘(3) EXISTING
FUNDING
AGREEMENTS.—An 
Indian tribe that was participating in self-govern-
ance under this title on the date of enactment of the 
Department of the Interior Tribal Self-Governance
Act of 2010 shall have the option at any time after 
that date— 
‘‘(A) to retain its existing funding agree-
ment (in whole or in part) to the extent that 
the provisions of that funding agreement are 
not directly contrary to any express provision of 
this title; or 
‘‘(B) to negotiate a new funding agreement 
in a manner consistent with this title. 
‘‘(4) MULTIYEAR FUNDING AGREEMENTS.—An 
Indian tribe may, at the discretion of the Indian 
tribe, negotiate with the Secretary for a funding 
agreement with a term that exceeds 1 year. 
‘‘SEC. 406. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 
‘‘(a) APPLICABILITY.—An Indian tribe and the Sec-
retary shall include in any compact or funding agreement 
provisions that reflect the requirements of this title. 
‘‘(b) CONFLICTS
OF INTEREST.—An Indian tribe 
participating in self-governance shall ensure that internal 
measures are in place to address, pursuant to tribal law 
and procedures, conflicts of interest in the administration 
of programs. 
‘‘(c) AUDITS.—
‘‘(1) SINGLE AGENCY AUDIT ACT.—Chapter 75 
of title 31, United States Code, shall apply to a 
funding agreement under this title. 
‘‘(2) COST PRINCIPLES.—An Indian tribe shall 
apply cost principles under the applicable Office of 
Management and Budget circular, except as modi-
fied by— 
‘‘(A) any provision of law, including section 
106; or 
‘‘(B) any exemptions to applicable Office 
of Management and Budget circulars subse-
quently granted by the Office of Management 
and Budget. 
‘‘(3) FEDERAL CLAIMS.—Any claim by the Fed-
eral Government against an Indian tribe relating to 
funds received under a funding agreement based on 
any audit under this subsection shall be subject to 
section 106(f). 
‘‘(d) REDESIGN AND CONSOLIDATION.—An Indian 
tribe may redesign or consolidate programs or reallocate 
funds for programs in any manner that the Indian tribe 
determines to be in the best interest of the Indian commu-
nity being served, so long as that the redesign or consoli-
dation does not have the effect of denying eligibility for 
services to population groups otherwise eligible to be
served under applicable Federal law, except that, with re-
spect to the reallocation, consolidation, and redesign of 
programs described in section 405(b)(2), a joint agree-
ment between the Secretary and the Indian tribe shall be 
required. 
‘‘(e) RETROCESSION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An Indian tribe may fully 
or partially retrocede to the Secretary any program 
under a compact or funding agreement. 
‘‘(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
‘‘(A) 
AGREEMENT.—Unless 
an 
Indian 
tribe rescinds a request for retrocession under 
paragraph (1), the retrocession shall become ef-
fective on the date specified by the parties in 
the compact or funding agreement. 
‘‘(B) NO AGREEMENT.—In the absence of 
a specification of an effective date in the com-
pact or funding agreement, the retrocession 
shall become effective on— 
‘‘(i) the earlier of— 
‘‘(I) 1 year after the date on 
which the request is submitted; and 
‘‘(II) the date on which the fund-
ing agreement expires; or
‘‘(ii) such date as may be mutually 
agreed upon by the Secretary and the In-
dian tribe. 
‘‘(f) NONDUPLICATION.—A funding agreement shall 
provide that, for the period for which, and to the extent 
to which, funding is provided to an Indian tribe under this 
title, the Indian tribe— 
‘‘(1) shall not be entitled to contract with the 
Secretary for funds under section 102, except that 
the Indian tribe shall be eligible for new programs 
on the same basis as other Indian tribes; and 
‘‘(2) shall be responsible for the administration 
of programs in accordance with the compact or 
funding agreement. 
‘‘(g) RECORDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Unless an Indian tribe 
specifies otherwise in the compact or funding agree-
ment, records of an Indian tribe shall not be consid-
ered to be Federal records for purposes of chapter 
5 of title 5, United States Code. 
‘‘(2) RECORDKEEPING
SYSTEM.—An Indian 
tribe shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain a recordkeeping system; and 
‘‘(B) on a notice period of not less than 30 
days, provide the Secretary with reasonable ac-
cess to the records to enable the Department to 
meet the requirements of sections 3101 through 
3106 of title 44, United States Code. 
‘‘SEC. 407. PROVISIONS RELATED TO THE SECRETARY. 
‘‘(a) TRUST EVALUATIONS.—A funding agreement 
shall include a provision to monitor the performance of 
trust functions by the Indian tribe through the annual 
trust evaluation. 
‘‘(b) REASSUMPTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—A compact or funding 
agreement shall include provisions for the Secretary 
to reassume a program and associated funding if 
there is a specific finding relating to that program 
of— 
‘‘(A) imminent jeopardy to a trust asset, 
natural resources, or public health and safety 
that— 
‘‘(i) is caused by an act or omission of 
the Indian tribe; and 
‘‘(ii) arises out of a failure to carry 
out the compact or funding agreement; or 
‘‘(B) gross mismanagement with respect to 
funds transferred to an Indian tribe under a 
compact or funding agreement, as determined
by the Secretary in consultation with the In-
spector General, as appropriate. 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION.—The Secretary shall not 
reassume operation of a program, in whole or part, 
unless— 
‘‘(A) the Secretary first provides written 
notice and a hearing on the record to the In-
dian tribe; and 
‘‘(B) the Indian tribe does not take correc-
tive action to remedy the mismanagement of 
the funds or programs, or the imminent jeop-
ardy to a trust asset, natural resource, or pub-
lic health and safety. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding para-
graph (2), the Secretary may, on written notice 
to the Indian tribe, immediately reassume oper-
ation of a program if— 
‘‘(i) the Secretary makes a finding of 
imminent and substantial jeopardy and ir-
reparable harm to a trust asset, a natural 
resource, or the public health and safety 
caused by an act or omission of the Indian 
tribe; and
‘‘(ii) the imminent and substantial 
jeopardy, and irreparable harm to the trust 
asset, natural resource, or public health 
and safety arises out of a failure by the In-
dian tribe to carry out the terms of an ap-
plicable compact or funding agreement. 
‘‘(B) REASSUMPTION.—If the Secretary re-
assumes operation of a program under subpara-
graph (A), the Secretary shall provide the In-
dian tribe with a hearing on the record not 
later than 10 days after the date of reassump-
tion. 
‘‘(c) INABILITY TO AGREE ON COMPACT OR FUNDING 
AGREEMENT.— 
‘‘(1) FINAL
OFFER.—If the Secretary and a 
participating Indian tribe are unable to agree, in 
whole or in part, on the terms of a compact or fund-
ing agreement (including funding levels), the Indian 
tribe may submit a final offer to the Secretary. 
‘‘(2) DETERMINATION.—Not more than 60 
days after the date of delivery of a final offer to the 
designated officials under paragraph (4), the Sec-
retary shall review and make a determination with 
respect to the final offer.
‘‘(3) EXTENSIONS.—The deadline described in 
paragraph (2) may be extended for any length of 
time, as agreed upon by both the Indian tribe and 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(4) DESIGNATED OFFICIALS.—The Secretary 
shall designate 1 or more appropriate officials in the 
Department to receive a copy of the final offer de-
scribed in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(5) NO TIMELY DETERMINATION.—If the Sec-
retary fails to make a determination with respect to 
a final offer within the period specified in paragraph 
(2), the Secretary shall be deemed to have agreed to 
the offer. 
‘‘(6) REJECTION OF FINAL OFFER.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary re-
jects a final offer (or 1 or more provisions or 
funding levels in a final offer), the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(i) provide timely written notification 
to the Indian tribe that contains a specific 
finding that clearly demonstrates, or that 
is supported by a controlling legal author-
ity, that— 
‘‘(I) the amount of funds pro-
posed in the final offer exceeds the
applicable funding level to which the 
Indian tribe is entitled under this title 
because the final offer would reduce 
the funds that any other Indian tribe 
or tribal organization is entitled to re-
ceive under Federal law; 
‘‘(II) the program that is the 
subject of the final offer is an inher-
ent Federal function or is subject to 
the discretion of the Secretary under 
section 405(b)(2); 
‘‘(III) the Indian tribe cannot 
carry out the program in a manner 
that would not result in significant 
danger or risk to the public health; 
‘‘(IV) the Indian tribe is not eli-
gible to participate in self-governance 
under section 403(b); or 
‘‘(V) 
the 
funding 
agreement 
would violate a Federal statute or reg-
ulation; 
‘‘(ii) provide technical assistance to 
overcome the objections stated in the noti-
fication required by clause (i); 
‘‘(iii) provide the Indian tribe with—
‘‘(I) a hearing on the record with 
the right to engage in full discovery 
relevant to any issue raised in the 
matter; and 
‘‘(II) the opportunity for appeal 
on the objections raised (except that 
the Indian tribe may, in lieu of filing 
such appeal, directly proceed to ini-
tiate an action in a United States dis-
trict court under section 110(a)); and 
‘‘(iv) provide the Indian tribe the op-
tion of entering into the severable portions 
of a final proposed compact or funding 
agreement (including a lesser funding 
amount, if any), that the Secretary did not 
reject, subject to any additional alterations 
necessary to conform the compact or fund-
ing agreement to the severed provisions. 
‘‘(B) EFFECT
OF
EXERCISING
CERTAIN 
OPTION.—If an Indian tribe exercises the op-
tion specified in subparagraph (A)(iv)— 
‘‘(i) the Indian tribe shall retain the 
right to appeal the rejection by the Sec-
retary under this section; and
‘‘(ii) clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of sub-
paragraph (A) shall apply only to the por-
tion of the proposed final compact or fund-
ing agreement that was rejected by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(d) BURDEN OF PROOF.—In any administrative ac-
tion, hearing, or appeal or civil action brought under this 
section, the Secretary shall have the burden of dem-
onstrating— 
‘‘(1) by a preponderance of the evidence, the va-
lidity of the grounds for a reassumption under sub-
section (b); and 
‘‘(2) by clear and convincing evidence, the 
grounds for rejecting a final offer made under sub-
section (c). 
‘‘(e) GOOD FAITH.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the negotiation of com-
pacts and funding agreements, the Secretary shall at 
all times negotiate in good faith to maximize imple-
mentation of the self-governance policy. 
‘‘(2) POLICY.—The Secretary shall carry out 
this title in a manner that maximizes the policy of 
tribal self-governance. 
‘‘(f) SAVINGS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—To the extent that pro-
grams carried out for the benefit of Indian tribes 
and tribal organizations under this title reduce the 
administrative or other responsibilities of the Sec-
retary with respect to the operation of Indian pro-
grams and result in savings that have not otherwise 
been included in the amount of tribal shares and 
other funds determined under section 409(c), except 
for funding agreements entered into for programs 
under section 405(b)(2), the Secretary shall make 
such savings available to the Indian tribes or tribal 
organizations for the provision of additional services 
to program beneficiaries in a manner equitable to di-
rectly served, contracted, and compacted programs. 
‘‘(2) DISCRETIONARY
PROGRAMS
OF
SPECIAL 
SIGNIFICANCE.—For any savings generated as a re-
sult of the assumption of a program by an Indian 
tribe under section 405(b)(2), such savings shall be 
made available to that Indian tribe. 
‘‘(g) TRUST RESPONSIBILITY.—The Secretary may 
not waive, modify, or diminish in any way the trust re-
sponsibility of the United States with respect to Indian 
tribes and individual Indians that exists under treaties, 
Executive orders, other laws, or court decisions.
‘‘(h) DECISIONMAKER.—A decision that constitutes 
final agency action and relates to an appeal within the 
Department conducted under subsection (c)(4) may be 
made by— 
‘‘(1) an official of the Department who holds a 
position at a higher organizational level within the 
Department than the level of the departmental agen-
cy in which the decision that is the subject of the 
appeal was made; or 
‘‘(2) an administrative law judge. 
‘‘(i) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Each provision of 
this title and each provision of a compact or funding 
agreement shall be liberally construed for the benefit of 
the Indian tribe participating in self-governance, and any 
ambiguity shall be resolved in favor of the Indian tribe. 
‘‘SEC. 408. CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Indian tribes participating in 
tribal self-governance may carry out construction projects 
under this title. 
‘‘(b) TRIBAL OPTION TO CARRY OUT CERTAIN FED-
ERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out a 
construction project under this title, an Indian tribe may, 
subject to the agreement of the Secretary, elect to assume 
some Federal responsibilities under the National Environ-
mental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the
National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et 
seq.), and related provisions of law and regulations that 
would apply if the Secretary were to undertake a construc-
tion project, by adopting a resolution— 
‘‘(1) designating a certifying tribal officer to 
represent the Indian tribe and to assume the status 
of a responsible Federal official under those Acts or 
regulations; and 
‘‘(2) accepting the jurisdiction of the United 
States courts for the purpose of enforcing the re-
sponsibilities of the certifying tribal officer assuming 
the status of a responsible Federal official under 
those Acts or regulations. 
‘‘(c) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Notwithstanding subsection 
(b), nothing in this Act authorizes the Secretary to include 
in any compact or funding agreement duties of the Sec-
retary under the National Environmental Policy Act (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the National Historic Preservation 
Act (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.), and other related provisions 
of law that are inherent Federal functions. 
‘‘(d) CODES AND STANDARDS.—In carrying out a 
construction project under this title, an Indian tribe 
shall— 
‘‘(1) adhere to applicable Federal, State, local, 
and tribal building codes, architectural and engineer-
ing standards, and applicable Federal guidelines re-
garding design, space, and operational standards, 
appropriate for the particular project; and 
‘‘(2) use only architects and engineers who— 
‘‘(A) are licensed to practice in the State 
in which the facility will be built; and 
‘‘(B) certify that— 
‘‘(i) they are qualified to perform the 
work required by the specific construction 
involved; and 
‘‘(ii) upon completion of design, the 
plans and specifications meet or exceed the 
applicable construction and safety codes. 
‘‘(e) TRIBAL ACCOUNTABILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out a construc-
tion project under this title, an Indian tribe shall as-
sume responsibility for the successful completion of 
the construction project and of a facility that is usa-
ble for the purpose for which the Indian tribe re-
ceived funding. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—For each construction 
project carried out by an Indian tribe under this 
title, the Indian tribe and the Secretary shall nego-
tiate a provision to be included in the funding agree-
ment that identifies—
‘‘(A) the approximate start and completion 
dates for the project, which may extend over a 
period of 1 or more years; 
‘‘(B) a general description of the project, 
including the scope of work, references to de-
sign criteria, and other terms and conditions; 
‘‘(C) the responsibilities of the Indian tribe 
and the Secretary for the project; 
‘‘(D) how project-related environmental 
considerations will be addressed; 
‘‘(E) the amount of funds provided for the 
project; 
‘‘(F) the obligations of the Indian tribe to 
comply with the codes referenced in subsection 
(c)(1) and applicable Federal laws and regula-
tions; 
‘‘(G) the agreement of the parties over who 
will bear any additional costs necessary to meet 
changes in scope, or errors or omissions in de-
sign and construction; and 
‘‘(H) the agreement of the Secretary to 
issue a certificate of occupancy, if requested by 
the Indian tribe, based upon the review and 
verification by the Secretary, to the satisfaction 
of the Secretary, that the Indian tribe has se-
or any other law or regulation pertaining to Federal pro-
curement (including Executive orders) shall apply to any 
construction program or project carried out under this 
title. 
‘‘(j) FUTURE FUNDING.—Upon completion of a facil-
ity constructed under this title, the Secretary shall include 
the facility among those eligible for annual operation and 
maintenance funding support comparable to that provided 
for similar facilities funded by the Department as annual 
appropriations are available and to the extent that the fa-
cility size and complexity and other factors do not exceed 
the funding formula criteria for comparable buildings. 
‘‘SEC. 409. PAYMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—At the request of the governing 
body of an Indian tribe and under the terms of an applica-
ble funding agreement, the Secretary shall provide funding 
to the Indian tribe to carry out the funding agreement. 
‘‘(b) ADVANCE ANNUAL PAYMENT.—At the option of 
the Indian tribe, a funding agreement shall provide for 
an advance annual payment to an Indian tribe. 
‘‘(c) AMOUNT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (e) 
and sections 405 and 406, the Secretary shall pro-
vide funds to the Indian tribe under a funding 
agreement for programs in an amount that is equal
to the amount that the Indian tribe would have been 
entitled to receive under contracts and grants under 
this Act (including amounts for direct program and 
contract support costs and, in addition, any funds 
that are specifically or functionally related to the 
provision by the Secretary of services and benefits to 
the Indian tribe or its members) without regard to 
the organization level within the Department at 
which the programs are carried out. 
‘‘(2) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section 
reduces programs, services, or funds of, or provided 
to, another Indian tribe. 
‘‘(d) TIMING.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to the terms of 
any compact or funding agreement entered into 
under this title, the Secretary shall transfer to the 
Indian tribe all funds provided for in the funding 
agreement, pursuant to subsection (c), and provide 
funding for periods covered by joint resolution 
adopted by Congress making continuing appropria-
tions, to the extent permitted by such resolution. 
‘‘(2) TRANSFERS.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Department of the In-
terior Tribal Self-Governance Act of 2010, in any in-
stance in which a funding agreement requires an an-
nual transfer of funding to be made at the beginning 
of a fiscal year or requires semiannual or other peri-
odic transfers of funding to be made commencing at 
the beginning of a fiscal year, the first such transfer 
shall be made not later than 10 days after the ap-
portionment of such funds by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget to the Department, unless the 
funding agreement provides otherwise. 
‘‘(e) AVAILABILITY.—Funds for trust services to indi-
vidual Indians shall be available under a funding agree-
ment only to the extent that the same services that would 
have been provided by the Secretary are provided to indi-
vidual Indians by the Indian tribe. 
‘‘(f) MULTIYEAR FUNDING.—A funding agreement 
may provide for multiyear funding. 
‘‘(g) LIMITATIONS
ON AUTHORITY
OF
THE SEC-
RETARY.—The Secretary shall not— 
‘‘(1) fail to transfer to an Indian tribe its full 
share of any central, headquarters, regional, area, or 
service unit office or other funds due under this title 
for programs eligible under paragraph (1) or (3) of 
section 405(b), except as required by Federal law; 
‘‘(2) withhold any portion of such funds for 
transfer over a period of years; or
‘‘(3) reduce the amount of funds required under 
this title— 
‘‘(A) to make funding available for self- 
governance monitoring or administration by the 
Secretary; 
‘‘(B) in subsequent years, except as nec-
essary as a result of— 
‘‘(i) a reduction in appropriations 
from the previous fiscal year for the pro-
gram to be included in a compact or fund-
ing agreement; 
‘‘(ii) a congressional directive in legis-
lation or an accompanying report; 
‘‘(iii) a tribal authorization; 
‘‘(iv) a change in the amount of pass- 
through funds subject to the terms of the 
funding agreement; or 
‘‘(v) completion of an activity under a 
program for which the funds were pro-
vided; 
‘‘(C) to pay for Federal functions, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) Federal pay costs; 
‘‘(ii) Federal employee retirement ben-
efits;
‘‘(iii) automated data processing; 
‘‘(iv) technical assistance; and 
‘‘(v) monitoring of activities under 
this title; or 
‘‘(D) to pay for costs of Federal personnel 
displaced by self-determination contracts under 
this Act or self-governance under this title. 
‘‘(h) FEDERAL RESOURCES.—If an Indian tribe 
elects to carry out a compact or funding agreement with 
the use of Federal personnel, Federal supplies (including 
supplies available from Federal warehouse facilities), Fed-
eral supply sources (including lodging, airline transpor-
tation, and other means of transportation, including the 
use of interagency motor pool vehicles), or other Federal 
resources (including supplies, services, and resources 
available to the Secretary under any procurement con-
tracts in which the Department is eligible to participate), 
the Secretary shall, as soon as practicable, acquire and 
transfer such personnel, supplies, or resources to the In-
dian tribe under this title. 
‘‘(i) PROMPT PAYMENT ACT.—Chapter 39 of title 31, 
United States Code, shall apply to the transfer of funds 
due under a compact or funding agreement authorized 
under this title. 
‘‘(j) INTEREST OR OTHER INCOME.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An Indian tribe may retain 
interest or income earned on any funds paid under 
a compact or funding agreement to carry out gov-
ernmental purposes. 
‘‘(2) NO EFFECT ON OTHER AMOUNTS.—The 
retention of interest or income under paragraph (1) 
shall not diminish the amount of funds an Indian 
tribe is entitled to receive under a funding agree-
ment in the year the interest or income is earned or 
in any subsequent fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) INVESTMENT
STANDARD.—Funds trans-
ferred under this title shall be managed by the In-
dian tribe using the prudent investment standard, 
provided that the Secretary shall not be liable for 
any investment losses of funds managed by the In-
dian tribe that are not otherwise guaranteed or in-
sured by the Federal Government. 
‘‘(k) CARRYOVER OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any provi-
sion of an appropriations Act, all funds paid to an 
Indian tribe in accordance with a compact or fund-
ing agreement shall remain available until expended. 
‘‘(2) EFFECT
OF
CARRYOVER.—If an Indian 
tribe elects to carry over funding from 1 year to the 
next, the carryover shall not diminish the amount of
funds the Indian tribe is entitled to receive under a 
funding agreement in that fiscal year or any subse-
quent fiscal year. 
‘‘(l) LIMITATION OF COSTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—An Indian tribe shall not 
be obligated to continue performance that requires 
an expenditure of funds in excess of the amount of 
funds transferred under a compact or funding agree-
ment. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE
OF
INSUFFICIENCY.—If at any 
time the Indian tribe has reason to believe that the 
total amount provided for a specific activity under a 
compact or funding agreement is insufficient, the In-
dian tribe shall provide reasonable notice of such in-
sufficiency to the Secretary. 
‘‘(3) SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE.—If, after 
notice under paragraph (2), the Secretary does not 
increase the amount of funds transferred under the 
funding agreement, the Indian tribe may suspend 
performance of the activity until such time as addi-
tional funds are transferred. 
‘‘(4) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section 
reduces any programs, services, or funds of, or pro-
vided to, another Indian tribe.
‘‘(m) DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS.—The Office of Self- 
Governance shall be responsible for distribution of all Bu-
reau of Indian Affairs funds provided under this title un-
less otherwise agreed by the parties to an applicable fund-
ing agreement. 
‘‘SEC. 410. FACILITATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided by 
law, the Secretary shall interpret each Federal law and 
regulation in a manner that facilitates— 
‘‘(1) the inclusion of programs in funding 
agreements; and 
‘‘(2) the implementation of funding agreements. 
‘‘(b) REGULATION WAIVER.— 
‘‘(1) REQUEST.—An Indian tribe may submit 
to the Secretary a written request for a waiver of 
applicability of a Federal regulation, including— 
‘‘(A) an identification of the specific text in 
the regulation sought to be waived; and 
‘‘(B) the basis for the request. 
‘‘(2) DETERMINATION BY THE SECRETARY.— 
Not later than 120 days after receipt by the Sec-
retary and the designated officials under paragraph 
(4) of a request under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall approve or deny the requested waiver in writ-
ing to the Indian tribe.
‘‘(3) EXTENSIONS.—The deadline described in 
paragraph (2) may be extended for any length of 
time, as agreed upon by both the Indian tribe and 
the Secretary. 
‘‘(4) DESIGNATED OFFICIALS.—The Secretary 
shall designate 1 or more appropriate officials in the 
Department to receive a copy of the waiver request 
described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(5) GROUND
FOR
DENIAL.—The Secretary 
may deny a request under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) for a program eligible under para-
graph (1) or (3) of section 405(b), only upon a 
specific finding by the Secretary that the identi-
fied text in the regulation may not be waived 
because such a waiver is prohibited by Federal 
law; and 
‘‘(B) for a program eligible under section 
405(b)(2), upon a specific finding by the Sec-
retary that the waiver is prohibited by Federal 
law or is inconsistent with the express provi-
sions of the funding agreement. 
‘‘(6) FAILURE TO MAKE DETERMINATION.—If 
the Secretary fails to approve or deny a waiver re-
quest within the period required under paragraph
(2), the Secretary shall be deemed to have approved 
the request. 
‘‘(7) FINALITY.—A decision of the Secretary 
under this section shall be final for the Department. 
‘‘SEC. 411. DISCLAIMERS. 
‘‘Nothing in this title expands or alters any statutory 
authority of the Secretary in a manner that authorizes the 
Secretary to enter into any agreement under section 
405— 
‘‘(1) with respect to an inherent Federal func-
tion; 
‘‘(2) in a case in which the law establishing a 
program explicitly prohibits the type of participation 
sought by the Indian tribe (without regard to wheth-
er 1 or more Indian tribes are identified in the au-
thorizing law); or 
‘‘(3) that limits or reduces in any way the serv-
ices, contracts, or funds that any other Indian tribe 
or tribal organization is eligible to receive under sec-
tion 102 or any other applicable Federal law. 
‘‘SEC. 412. DISCRETIONARY APPLICATION OF OTHER SEC-
TIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise provided in 
section 101(c), at the option of a participating Indian tribe 
or Indian tribes, any of the provisions of title I may be
incorporated in any compact or funding agreement under 
this title. 
‘‘(b) EFFECT.—Each incorporated provision under 
subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) have the same force and effect as if set out 
in full in this title; 
‘‘(2) supplement or replace any related provi-
sion in this title; and 
‘‘(3) apply to any agency otherwise governed by 
this title. 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—If an Indian tribe requests 
incorporation at the negotiation stage of a compact or 
funding agreement, the incorporation shall— 
‘‘(1) be effective immediately; and 
‘‘(2) control the negotiation and resulting com-
pact and funding agreement. 
‘‘SEC. 413. FUNDING NEEDS. 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT
OF
ANNUAL
BUDGET
RE-
QUEST.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall iden-
tify in a report to accompany the annual budget re-
quest submitted to Congress under section 1105 of 
title 31, United States Code, all amounts necessary 
to fully fund all funding agreements entered into 
under this Act.
‘‘(2) DUTY
OF
SECRETARY.—The Secretary 
shall identify in a report to accompany each budget 
request the amount of funds that are sufficient for 
planning and negotiation grants and sufficient to 
cover any shortfall in funding identified under sub-
section (b). 
‘‘(3) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection authorizes the Secretary to reduce 
the programs, services, or funds to an Indian tribe. 
‘‘(b) PRESENT FUNDING; SHORTFALLS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In each report described in 
subsection (a)(2), the Secretary shall identify the 
level of need presently funded and any shortfall in 
funding (including direct program costs, tribal 
shares, and contract support costs) for each Indian 
tribe, directly by the Secretary, under self-deter-
mination contracts, or compacts, or funding agree-
ments. 
‘‘(2) SCHEDULE.— 
‘‘(A) FIRST REPORT.—The first report re-
quired under subsection (a)(1) shall be— 
‘‘(i) limited to the Bureau of Indian 
Affairs agency office; and 
‘‘(ii) due on February 1, 2012.
‘‘(B) SECOND
REPORT.—The second re-
port required under subsection (a)(1) shall— 
‘‘(i) include all funding at the Bureau 
of Indian Affairs agency and regional of-
fices; and 
‘‘(ii) due on February 1, 2013. 
‘‘(C) SUBSEQUENT
REPORT.—Beginning 
with the third report required under subsection 
(a)(1), which shall be due on February 1, 2014, 
all reports required under subsection (a)(1) 
shall include all funding at the Bureau of In-
dian Affairs agency, regional, and central of-
fices, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for 
Indian Affairs, and the Office of the Special 
Trustee. 
‘‘SEC. 414. REPORTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than February 
1 of each year, the Secretary shall submit to Con-
gress a report regarding the administration of this 
title. 
‘‘(2) ANALYSIS.—A report under paragraph (1) 
shall include a detailed analysis of unmet need for 
each Indian tribe, regardless of whether the Indian 
tribe is served directly by the Secretary, under self-
determination contracts under title I, or under com-
pacts and funding agreements authorized under this 
title. 
‘‘(3) NO
ADDITIONAL
REPORTING
REQUIRE-
MENTS.—In preparing reports under paragraph (1), 
the Secretary may not impose any reporting require-
ments on participating Indian tribes not otherwise 
provided by this title. 
‘‘(b) CONTENTS.—Each report under subsection 
(a)(1) shall— 
‘‘(1) be compiled from information contained in 
funding agreements, annual audit reports, and data 
of the Secretary regarding the disposition of Federal 
funds; 
‘‘(2) identify— 
‘‘(A) the relative costs and benefits of self- 
governance; 
‘‘(B) with particularity, all funds that are 
specifically or functionally related to the provi-
sion by the Secretary of services and benefits to 
self-governance Indian tribes and members of 
Indian tribes; 
‘‘(C) the funds transferred to each Indian 
tribe and the corresponding reduction in the 
Federal employees and workload;
‘‘(D) the funding formula for individual 
tribal shares of all Central Office funds, to-
gether with the comments of affected Indian 
tribes, developed under subsection (d); and 
‘‘(E) amounts expended in the preceding 
fiscal year to carry out inherent Federal func-
tions, including an identification of inherent 
Federal functions; 
‘‘(3) contain a description of the methods used 
to determine the individual tribal share of funds con-
trolled by all components of the Department (includ-
ing funds assessed by any other Federal agency) for 
inclusion in compacts or funding agreements; 
‘‘(4) before being submitted to Congress, be dis-
tributed to the Indian tribes for comment (with a 
comment period of not less than 30 days); and 
‘‘(5) include the separate views and comments 
of each Indian tribe or tribal organization. 
‘‘(c) REPORT ON NON-BIA, NON-OST PROGRAMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to optimize oppor-
tunities for Indian tribes participating in self-govern-
ance under this title, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) review all programs administered by 
the Department, other than through the Bu-
reau of Indian Affairs, the Office of the Assist-
ant Secretary for Indian Affairs, or the Office 
of Special Trustee, without regard to the agen-
cy or office concerned; and 
‘‘(B) not later than January 1 of each 
year, submit to Congress— 
‘‘(i) a list of all such programs that 
the Secretary determines, with the concur-
rence of Indian tribes participating in self- 
governance under this title, are eligible to 
be included in a funding agreement at the 
request of a participating Indian tribe; and 
‘‘(ii) a list of all such programs for 
which Indian tribes have requested to in-
clude in a funding agreement under para-
graph (2) or (3) of section 405(b), indi-
cating whether each request was granted 
or denied, and stating the grounds for any 
denial. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAMMATIC TARGETS.—The Secretary 
shall establish programmatic targets, after consulta-
tion with Indian tribes participating in self-govern-
ance, to encourage bureaus of the Department to en-
sure that a significant portion of the programs iden-
tified in paragraph (1) are included in funding 
agreements.
‘‘(3) PUBLICATION.—The lists and targets 
under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be— 
‘‘(A) published in the Federal Register; 
and 
‘‘(B) made available to Indian tribes. 
‘‘(4) ANNUAL REVIEW.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
annually review and publish in the Federal Reg-
ister, after consultation with Indian tribes par-
ticipating in self-governance, revised lists and 
programmatic targets. 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The revised lists and 
programmatic targets shall include all programs 
that were eligible for contracting in the original 
list published in the Federal Register in 1995, 
except for programs specifically determined not 
to be contractible as a matter of law. 
‘‘(d) REPORT ON CENTRAL OFFICE FUNDS.—Not 
later than February 1, 2012, the Secretary shall, in con-
sultation with Indian tribes, develop a funding formula to 
determine the individual tribal share of funds controlled 
by the Central Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the 
Office of the Special Trustee, and the Office of the Assist-
ant Secretary for Indian Affairs for inclusion in the com-
pacts.
‘‘SEC. 415. REGULATIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) PROMULGATION.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of the Department of 
the Interior Tribal Self-Governance Act of 2010, the 
Secretary shall initiate procedures under subchapter 
III of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, to 
negotiate and promulgate such regulations as are 
necessary to carry out this title. 
‘‘(2) PUBLICATION
OF
PROPOSED
REGULA-
TIONS.—Proposed regulations to implement this title 
shall be published in the Federal Register not later 
than 18 months after the date of enactment of the 
Department of the Interior Tribal Self-Governance 
Act of 2010. 
‘‘(3) EXPIRATION OF AUTHORITY.—The author-
ity to promulgate regulations under paragraph (1) 
shall expire on the date that is 24 months after the 
date of enactment of the Department of the Interior 
Tribal Self-Governance Act of 2010. 
‘‘(b) COMMITTEE.— 
‘‘(1) MEMBERSHIP.—A negotiated rulemaking 
committee established pursuant to section 565 of 
title 5, United States Code, to carry out this section 
shall have as its members only representatives of the 
Federal Government and tribal government.
‘‘(2) LEAD AGENCY.—Among the Federal rep-
resentatives described in paragraph (1), the Office of 
Self-Governance shall be the lead agency for the De-
partment. 
‘‘(c) ADAPTATION OF PROCEDURES.—The Secretary 
shall adapt the negotiated rulemaking procedures to the 
unique context of self-governance and the government-to- 
government relationship between the United States and 
Indian tribes. 
‘‘(d) EFFECT.— 
‘‘(1) REPEAL.—The Secretary may repeal any 
regulation that is inconsistent with this Act. 
‘‘(2) CONFLICTING
PROVISIONS.—This title 
shall supersede any conflicting provision of law (in-
cluding any conflicting regulations). 
‘‘(3) EFFECTIVENESS
WITHOUT
REGARD
TO 
REGULATIONS.—The lack of promulgated regula-
tions on an issue shall not limit the effect or imple-
mentation of this title. 
‘‘SEC. 416. EFFECT OF CIRCULARS, POLICIES, MANUALS, 
GUIDANCES, AND RULES. 
‘‘Unless expressly agreed to by a participating Indian 
tribe in a compact or funding agreement, the participating 
Indian tribe shall not be subject to any agency circular,
policy, manual, guidance, or rule adopted by the Depart-
ment, except for— 
‘‘(1) the eligibility provisions of section 105(g); 
and 
‘‘(2) regulations promulgated pursuant to sec-
tion 415. 
‘‘SEC. 417. APPEALS. 
‘‘Except as provided in section 407(d), in any admin-
istrative action, appeal, or civil action for judicial review 
of any decision made by the Secretary under this title, 
the Secretary shall have the burden of proof of dem-
onstrating by a preponderance of the evidence— 
‘‘(1) the validity of the grounds for the decision; 
and 
‘‘(2) the consistency of the decision with the re-
quirements and policies of this title. 
‘‘SEC. 418. APPLICATION OF OTHER PROVISIONS. 
‘‘Section 314 of the Department of the Interior and 
Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 
101–512; 104 Stat. 1959), shall apply to compacts and 
funding agreements entered into under this title.