aligns with international obligations and treaties 
while combating Russian and Chinese malign influ-
ence; and 
(3) the United States should continue to pursue 
the Foundational Infrastructure for Responsible Use 
of Small Modular Reactor Technology program as a 
means of helping partner countries meet their clean 
energy needs with scalable, flexible, secure, and safe 
nuclear power programs. 
SEC. 4. STRATEGY. 
(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—The Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the 
heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, 
shall develop a strategy to strengthen United States-Euro-
pean nuclear energy cooperation and combat Russian ma-
lign influence in the nuclear energy sector in Europe. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required by subsection 
(a) shall include, at a minimum, the following elements: 
(1) An overview and assessment of the Sec-
retary of State’s efforts to broaden participation by 
United States nuclear industry entities in Europe 
and promote the accessibility and competitiveness of 
United States, European, and partner technologies 
and services against Russian and Chinese tech-
nologies in Europe. 
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(2) An overview of different nuclear reactor 
types that are currently deployed or under regu-
latory review in Europe, including large light-water 
reactors, small modular light-water reactors, and 
non-light-water reactors, and— 
(A) what role, if any, each reactor type 
could have in reducing Russia’s influence over 
European energy supply by 2030, 2035, 2040, 
2045, and 2050; 
(B) challenges that each reactor type may 
face with rapid deployment, including costs, 
market barriers to first-of-a-kind designs, sup-
ply chain constraints, and regulatory require-
ments; 
(C) the impacts of each reactor type on 
maintaining strong nonproliferation standards, 
including the minimization of weapons-usable 
nuclear material; and 
(D) opportunities for the use of United 
States, European, and partner technologies and 
services in the deployment or potential deploy-
ment of each reactor type. 
(3) An overview of different fuel cycles that are 
currently deployed or under consideration in Europe, 
including use of low enriched uranium, including 
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high assay low enriched uranium, and spent fuel re-
processing, along with an analysis of the implica-
tions of each fuel cycle on— 
(A) reducing and eliminating Russia’s 
market share in Europe for uranium, conver-
sion, enrichment, and reactor fuel between now 
and 2030; 
(B) achieving long-term energy security 
free of Russian influence; and 
(C) maintaining strong nonproliferation 
standards, including the minimization of weap-
ons-usable material as well as high nuclear safe-
ty and security standards. 
(4) An overview of nuclear reactor designs and 
fuel cycle infrastructure that the United States Gov-
ernment is currently funding the development of, 
and— 
(A) the potential, if any, that each of these 
technologies have to decrease or eliminate Rus-
sia’s market share in the United States and 
Europe for nuclear power reactors, uranium 
mining and milling, conversion, enrichment, fuel 
fabrication, deconversion, and spent nuclear 
fuel reprocessing in the short, medium, and 
long term; 
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(B) the impact of these technologies on the 
minimization of weapons-usable nuclear mate-
rial, including the use of highly enriched ura-
nium or plutonium fuels; and 
(C) an assessment of the use cases for 
each of these designs and fuel cycles. 
(5) An overview of the United States Govern-
ment’s diplomatic engagements regarding the nu-
clear energy sector in Europe. 
(6) A list of countries in Europe with active nu-
clear power programs, and— 
(A) an analysis of each country’s nuclear 
energy policy; 
(B) an overview of existing areas of co-
operation with regards to nuclear energy be-
tween each country and— 
(i) the United States; 
(ii) other European and friendly coun-
tries; and 
(iii) adversarial countries including 
China and Russia; 
(C) an overview of potential areas for fu-
ture cooperation between each country and the 
United States with regards to nuclear energy; 
and 
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(D) a summary of fuel types used in each 
country’s nuclear power programs. 
(7) An overview of Russian and Chinese influ-
ence in the European nuclear energy sector. 
(8) An overview of how the United States Gov-
ernment is working with allies and partners to 
counter Russian malign influence within the Euro-
pean energy sector to include steps taken to counter 
Russian influence in the mining and milling, conver-
sion, enrichment, and fuel fabrication processes as 
well as in reactor construction. 
(9) An overview of how the United States Gov-
ernment balances the urgent strategic need for col-
laboration with allies and partners on countering 
Russia’s influence on nuclear energy in Europe, with 
commercial competitiveness issues that may arise be-
tween United States companies and companies in 
Europe, Canada, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. 
(10) An assessment of Rosatom’s role in Rus-
sia’s energy sector, to include an overview of 
strengths and vulnerabilities of the conglomerate. 
(c) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
the strategy required by subsection (a). 
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