IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 905 
Commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Monroe Doctrine. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 1, 2023 
Ms. SALAZAR (for herself, Mr. ROY, Mr. GIMENEZ, Mr. DAVIDSON, Mr. SELF, 
Mr. TIMMONS, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. MILLS, Mr. GOODEN of 
Texas, Mr. DONALDS, Mr. DUNCAN, Mrs. GONZA´LEZ-COLO´N, Mr. 
WEBER of Texas, Mr. MOOLENAAR, Mr. FEENSTRA, and Mr. LAWLER) 
submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Commemorating the 200th anniversary of the Monroe 
Doctrine. 
Whereas, on December 2, 1823, President James Monroe ar-
ticulated what became to be known as the ‘‘Monroe Doc-
trine’’ in his seventh annual message to Congress; 
Whereas in the Monroe Doctrine, President Monroe asserted 
‘‘a principle in which the rights and interests of the 
United States are involved, that the American continents, 
by the free and independent condition which they have 
assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be consid-
ered as subjects for future colonization’’ by foreign pow-
ers; 
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•HRES 905 IH 
Whereas the Monroe Doctrine asserted a spirit of solidarity 
with the newly independent republics of Latin America 
and established the principle that autocratic influences 
and depredations by powers outside the region present 
dangers to the peace, safety, and independence of the 
free nations of the Western Hemisphere; 
Whereas President Monroe established the defensive char-
acter of the Monroe Doctrine by asserting that, ‘‘It is 
only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced 
that we resent injuries or make preparation for our de-
fense.’’; 
Whereas President Monroe proclaimed the doctrine after the 
Russian Empire attempted to claim and colonize terri-
tories in present-day Alaska and the Pacific Northwest in 
1821, and the seizure of the USS Pearl by the Russian 
sloop Apollon in 1822; 
Whereas, according to the National Archives, the United 
States Government invoked the Monroe Doctrine in 1865 
to exert diplomatic and military pressure in support of 
the Mexican President Benito Jua´rez, which enabled 
Jua´rez to lead a successful revolt against the Emperor 
Maximilian, who had been placed on the throne by the 
French Empire; 
Whereas, according to the National Archives, President John 
F. Kennedy invoked the Monroe Doctrine when the So-
viet Union built missile launch sites in Cuba in 1962, and 
as part of the successful actions of his administration to 
see the Soviet missiles withdrawn from the dismantled 
missile launch sites in Cuba; 
Whereas, on September 17, 1987, the Senate adopted an 
amendment, by a bipartisan vote of 90 to 2, to S. 1174 
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•HRES 905 IH 
(100th Congress), known as the ‘‘National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989’’, affirm-
ing ‘‘the sense of the Senate that the policy of the United 
States toward Central America should be based on the 
principles of the Monroe Doctrine’’; 
Whereas the National Security Strategy dated October 2022 
states that ‘‘no region impacts the United States more 
directly than the Western Hemisphere,’’ and acknowl-
edges the threat of external interference or coercion in 
the Western Hemisphere from the People’s Republic of 
China, the Russian Federation, and the Islamic Republic 
of Iran; 
Whereas the 2023 Posture Statement of the United States 
Southern Command acknowledges that external malign 
actors like the People’s Republic of China and the Rus-
sian Federation are aggressively exerting influence over 
neighboring countries in Latin America and the Carib-
bean and raises concerns about Iranian intelligence and 
security activities; 
Whereas the 2023 Posture Statement of the United States 
Southern Command notes that the People’s Republic of 
China is encroaching upon sensitive critical infrastructure 
in the Western Hemisphere through investments, includ-
ing in deep-water ports, cyber facilities, and space facili-
ties which can have a potential dual use for malign com-
mercial and military activities; 
Whereas the 2023 Posture Statement of the United States 
Southern Command notes that the Russian Federation 
undertakes extensive disinformation campaigns in Latin 
America, bolsters authoritarian regimes like the Republic 
of Cuba, the Republic of Nicaragua, and the Bolivarian 
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•HRES 905 IH 
Republic of Venezuela, and pursues military engagement 
and gray zone operations in this region; 
Whereas the posture statement for 2023 of the United States 
Northern Command asserts ‘‘Our competitors and poten-
tial adversaries, particularly the People’s Republic of 
China and Russia, continue to challenge the rules-based 
international order’’ and ‘‘seek to advance their interests 
and gain global advantages through political intimidation, 
economic coercion, cyber and information operations, 
asymmetric attacks on infrastructure, and the direct 
threat or actual employment of military force’’; and 
Whereas the letter and spirit of the Monroe Doctrine con-
tinue to inspire the efforts of the people of the United 
States to— 
(1) maintain robust domestic, economic, and defense 
capabilities; and 
(2) partner with democratic nations of the Western 
Hemisphere on a basis of mutual respect and support for 
shared beneficial diplomatic, commercial, and security en-
deavors: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) commemorates the 200th anniversary of the 
promulgation of the Monroe Doctrine; 
(2) reasserts the rights and interests of the 
United States, in accordance with the Monroe Doc-
trine, to oppose a foreign power extending malign in-
fluence that could endanger or undermine the de-
mocracies of the Western Hemisphere; and 
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