(3) E85.—The term ‘‘E85’’ means a fuel blend 
containing 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gaso-
line by volume. 
(4) ELECTRIC DRIVE TRANSPORTATION TECH-
NOLOGY.—The term ‘‘electric drive transportation 
technology’’ means— 
(A) vehicles that use an electric motor for 
all or part of their motive power and that may 
or may not use offboard electricity, including 
battery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hy-
brid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric ve-
hicles, flexible fuel plug-in hybrid electric vehi-
cles, and electric rail; and 
(B) related equipment, including electric 
equipment necessary to recharge a plug-in hy-
brid electric vehicle. 
(5) FLEXIBLE
FUEL
PLUG-IN
HYBRID
ELEC-
TRIC VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘flexible fuel plug-in hy-
brid electric vehicle’’ means a plug-in hybrid electric 
vehicle— 
(A) warranted by its manufacturer as ca-
pable of operating on any combination of gaso-
line or E85 for its onboard internal combustion 
or heat engine; or 
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(B) that uses a fuel cell for battery charg-
ing when disconnected from offboard power 
sources. 
(6) FUEL CELL VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘fuel cell 
vehicle’’ means an onroad vehicle that uses a fuel 
cell (as defined in section 803 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16152)). 
(7) HYBRID
ELECTRIC
VEHICLE.—The term 
‘‘hybrid electric vehicle’’ means an onroad vehicle 
that— 
(A) can operate on either liquid combus-
tible fuel or electric power provided by an on-
board battery; and 
(B) utilizes regenerative power capture 
technology to recover energy expended in brak-
ing the vehicle for use in recharging the bat-
tery. 
(8) PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE.—The 
term ‘‘plug-in hybrid electric vehicle’’ means a hy-
brid electric vehicle that can operate solely on elec-
tric power for a minimum of 20 miles under city 
driving conditions, and that is capable of recharging 
its battery from an offboard electricity source. 
(9) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
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(b) PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of research, development, demonstration, and com-
mercial application on technologies needed for the develop-
ment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, including— 
(1) high capacity, high efficiency batteries, to— 
(A) improve battery life, energy storage ca-
pacity, and power delivery capacity, and lower 
cost; and 
(B) minimize waste and hazardous mate-
rial production in the entire value chain, includ-
ing after the end of the useful life of the bat-
teries; 
(2) high efficiency onboard and offboard charg-
ing components; 
(3) high power drive train systems for pas-
senger and commercial vehicles and for supporting 
equipment; 
(4) onboard energy management systems, power 
trains, and systems integration for plug-in hybrid 
electric vehicles, flexible fuel plug-in hybrid electric 
vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, including effi-
cient cooling systems and systems that minimize the 
emissions profile of such vehicles; and 
(5) lightweight materials, including research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial appli-
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