I
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 5533
To increase the United States financial and programmatic contributions to
advancing the status of women and girls in low-income countries around
the world, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OCTOBER 24, 2000
Mrs. MORELLA (for herself, Mrs. LOWEY, Mr. PORTER, Ms. MILLENDER-
MCDONALD, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BROWN of Ohio, Ms. KILPATRICK, Mrs.
MALONEY of New York, Ms. NORTON, Mr. POMEROY, and Ms. WOOL-
SEY) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee
on International Relations, and in addition to the Committee on Ways
and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker,
in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the juris-
diction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To increase the United States financial and programmatic
contributions to advancing the status of women and girls
in low-income countries around the world, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the
‘‘Global Action and Investments for New Success for
Women and Girls Act of 2000’’ or ‘‘GAINS Act of 2000’’.
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of
this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings.
TITLE I—INTEGRATION OF WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONOMIES
OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Sec. 101. Findings.
Sec. 102. Requirement to integrate women into national economies of devel-
oping countries.
Sec. 103. Annual report.
Sec. 104. Authorization of appropriations for Office of Women in Development
(WID).
Sec. 105. United States contribution to the United Nations Development Fund
for Women (UNIFEM).
TITLE II—IMPACT OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON WOMEN
Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and Development Policy.
Sec. 203. Advisory Committee on Trade Policy.
Sec. 204. Review of United States trade agreements.
Sec. 205. Assessment of unremunerated work.
TITLE III—ENSURING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Sec. 301. Investing in women’s skills and knowledge.
Sec. 302. Microenterprise development grant assistance.
Sec. 303. Microfinance loan facility.
Sec. 304. Report relating to future development of microfinance institutions.
TITLE IV—PROMOTION OF HEALTH OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Sec. 401. Family planning and reproductive health and rights.
Sec. 402. Maternal health programs.
Sec. 403. Prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Sec. 404. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Sec. 405. Health of children.
TITLE V—HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN
Sec. 501. Assistance to eliminate discrimination against women.
Sec. 502. Prevention of trafficking in women and children.
Sec. 503. Ratification of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Dis-
crimination Against Women.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
(1) Economic globalization is leaving the
world’s poorest women, girls, and communities be-
hind. Women and their children make up more than
70 percent of the 1,300,000,000 poorest people
today. United States international economic policies,
particularly in the areas of trade liberalization and
debt relief for developing countries, should help cre-
ate a positive environment for women’s economic
empowerment and gender equality.
(2) As the complexity of the global economy in-
creases, so too does the important role of women.
Women comprise approximately 75 percent of work-
ers in the ‘‘shadow’’, or informal economy, and con-
stitute an ever-greater share of the workforce in de-
veloping countries. Many studies have proven that
women’s earnings are directly invested in the edu-
cation, health, and welfare of their children.
(3) The United States has not taken adequate
steps to implement its commitments made at the
United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women
in its foreign policy and international assistance pro-
grams. For example, the United States has not im-
plemented Strategic Objective A1 of the Platform
for Action, ‘‘[to] [r]eview, adopt, and maintain mac-
roeconomic policies and development strategies that
address the needs and efforts of women in poverty’’,
nor has it implemented strategic objective K2 of the
Platform for Action, ‘‘[to] [i]ntegrate gender con-
cerns and perspectives in policies and programmes
for sustainable development’’.
(4) No one sectoral intervention is sufficient to
create the environment in which women and girls
can thrive economically and socially. Investments are
necessary in multiple areas, including education and
training, health care (including access to safe and
effective family planning and reproductive health
services, maternal health care, and children’s
health), HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, tuber-
culosis treatment, microcredit, human rights, vio-
lence prevention, and anti-trafficking.
TITLE 
I—INTEGRATION 
OF
WOMEN 
INTO 
NATIONAL
ECONOMIES OF DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
SEC. 101. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
(1) For nearly three decades, the United States
has been a leader in creating and supporting bilat-
eral and multilateral women in development policies
and programs. In 1974, the United States Agency
for International Development (USAID) established
the Office of Women in Development (WID). This
Office has served as a focal point for increasing the
effectiveness of United States development efforts by
taking gender issues into account throughout all
phases of development-planning, implementation,
and evaluation.
(2) Gender equality is a core development issue
that enhances United States global interests. Com-
prehensive policies and programs of the Office of
Women in Development reflect the reality that
women around the world play critical roles in eco-
nomic growth and development, and their contribu-
tions reverberate from the global economy all the
way down to the poorest households. Investments in
women’s education, economic opportunities, political
participation, and health care yield high returns for
women, their families, and their communities.
SEC. 102. REQUIREMENT TO INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO NA-
TIONAL ECONOMIES OF DEVELOPING COUN-
TRIES.
(a) PART II OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT
OF
1961.—Section 113(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151k(a)) is amended by inserting after
‘‘this part’’ the following: ‘‘ and part II of this Act (includ-
ing chapter 4 of such part)’’.
(b) SUPPORT
FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY
(SEED) ACT OF 1989.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Support for East Euro-
pean Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C.
5401 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section
3 the following:
‘‘SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONO-
MIES.
‘‘In recognition of the fact that women in developing
countries play a significant role in economic production,
family support, and the overall development process of the
national economies of such countries, this Act shall be ad-
ministered so as to give particular attention to those pro-
grams, projects, and activities which tend to integrate
women into the national economies of developing coun-
tries, thus improving their status and assisting the total
development effort.’’.
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of
contents of such Act (22 U.S.C. 5401(a) note) is
amended by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 3 the following:
Sec. 4. Integrating women into national economies.
(c) PUBLIC LAW 480.—The Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 et
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 3 the following:
‘‘SEC. 4. INTEGRATING WOMEN INTO NATIONAL ECONO-
MIES.
‘‘In recognition of the fact that women in developing
countries play a significant role in economic production,
family support, and the overall development process of the
national economies of such countries, this Act shall be ad-
ministered so as to give particular attention to those pro-
grams, projects, and activities which tend to integrate
women into the national economies of developing coun-
tries, thus improving their status and assisting the total
development effort.’’.
SEC. 103. ANNUAL REPORT.
The Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development shall prepare and submit to the
Congress an annual report on the extent to which the re-
quirements contained in section 113(a) of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961, section 4 of the Support for East
European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, and section
4 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance
Act of 1954 (each as added by section 102 of this Act)
are being carried out.
SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR OF-
FICE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID).
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Ad-
ministrator of the United States Agency for International
Development $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 and each
subsequent fiscal year for programs, projects, and activi-
ties of the Office of Women in Development of such Agen-
cy.
SEC. 105. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNITED
NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN
(UNIFEM).
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to
make a voluntary contribution on a grant basis to the
United 
Nations 
Development 
Fund 
for 
Women
(UNIFEM).
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to the President $3,000,000
for fiscal year 2001 to carry out subsection (a).
TITLE II—IMPACT OF TRADE
AGREEMENTS ON WOMEN
SEC. 201. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
(1) At a time of unparalleled global economic
growth, the majority of women are being left behind.
According to the United Nations Development Pro-
gram, globalization has brought enormous wealth to
some, but has also increased economic inequality
within and between nations.
(2)(A) Women contribute to and are affected by
trade as workers, businesswomen, farmers, pro-
ducers, and consumers.
(B) As workers, women comprise between 70–
90 percent of the labor force in the Export-Proc-
essing Zones (EPZs) assembling garments, textiles,
or electronics for export abroad.
(C) Women own between one-fourth and one-
third of all businesses worldwide and 39 percent of
such businesses are involved in international trade.
(D) Women farmers accounted for 62 percent
of total female employment in low-income countries
in 1990.
(E) Women handicraft producers who make and
sell their textiles, jewelry, and ceramics locally and
globally comprise 70 percent of craft-workers in
Latin America.
(F) As consumers, women decide what to buy
(or obtain) to provide their family with food, water,
clothes, and shelter.
(3)(A) United States trade policy and develop-
ment policy should be linked with the goal of im-
proving women’s social and economic status.
(B) Enhancing women’s status not only im-
proves individual lives, but also eliminates market
inefficiencies and leads to greater economic growth
and trade.
(C) The United States should ensure that its
development policies and trade policies contribute to
widespread, equitable, and sustainable economic
growth for all and incorporate a sensitivity to the
needs of women around the world.
SEC. 202. ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR TRADE, GENDER,
AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the United States
Trade Representative shall establish within the Office of
the United States Trade Representative an Advisory Com-
mittee for Trade, Gender, and Development Policy (here-
after in this section referred to as the ‘‘Advisory Com-
mittee’’).
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Committee shall be
composed of members, appointed by the Trade Represent-
ative, who shall be representatives from women’s organiza-
tions, private and voluntary organizations, the Office of
the United States Trade Representative, the Department
of Labor, and the United States Agency for International
Development.
(c) DUTIES.—The Advisory Committee, in conjunc-
tion with the entities described in section 204—
(1) shall assess the impact of all current and
future United States bilateral and multilateral trade
agreements on women in accordance with such sec-
tion; and
(2) shall make recommendations to the Trade
Representative based upon assessments made pursu-
ant to paragraph (1).
SEC. 203. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TRADE POLICY.
(a) APPOINTMENT OF 2 ADDITIONAL MEMBERS.—
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the United States Trade Representative shall
appoint 2 additional members to the Advisory Committee
on Trade Policy of the Office of the United States Trade
Representative (hereafter in this section referred to as the
‘‘Advisory Committee’’).
(b) QUALIFICATIONS.—Of the members of the Advi-
sory Committee appointed pursuant to subsection (a)—
(1) 1 shall have expertise in gender issues; and
(2) 1 shall have expertise in international devel-
opment issues.
SEC. 204. REVIEW OF UNITED STATES TRADE AGREE-
MENTS.
(a) REVIEW.—The United States Trade Representa-
tive, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and
Human Services, and the Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development, in conjunc-
tion with the Advisory Committee for Trade, Gender, and
Development Policy (established under section 202) and
interested nongovernmental organizations, shall carry out
a review of—
(1) the impact of each United States bilateral
and multilateral trade agreement on the employment
of women, women’s earnings, women’s work condi-
tions, the opportunities for advancement by women
in the formal and informal sectors, and women’s
health, well-being, and educational opportunities;
and
(2) the relationship between United States de-
velopment assistance policies carried out by the
United States Agency for International Development
and United States trade policies carried out by the
Office of the United States Trade Representative,
including the extent to which issues relating to gen-
der are integrated into United States negotiation po-
sitions relating to trade agreements.
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date
on which a United States bilateral or multilateral trade
agreement is formally submitted to the Senate for advice
and consent to ratification, the individuals and entities re-
ferred to in subsection (a) shall prepare and submit to
Congress a report that contains—
(1) the results of the review conducted pursuant
to subsection (a) with respect to the trade agree-
ment; and
(2) recommendations, if any, for changes in
United States development assistance programs to
ensure that women can take advantage of new op-
portunities created by United States trade agree-
ments and respond to the needs of women who may
be adversely affected.
SEC. 205. ASSESSMENT OF UNREMUNERATED WORK.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) The United Nations estimates that the glob-
al value of women’s unpaid work—maintaining a
household, caring for children and the elderly, and
building 
community 
ties—is 
equal 
to
$11,000,000,000 per year. Yet, these positive bene-
fits are excluded from the market which leads to an
over-use of women’s labor.
(2) The United Nations notes that the responsi-
bility for childcare lies mainly with women. This un-
paid work affects women’s employment opportuni-
ties, opportunities for advancement, and social devel-
opment.
(b) CALCULATION
OF
MONETARY
VALUE
OF
UNREMUNERATED WORK.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development, act-
ing through the heads of the regional bureaus of such
Agency as well as the heads of the offices of population
and women in development of such Agency, and the Sec-
retary of State, acting through the head of the Bureau
of Refugee Programs, shall periodically conduct time use
surveys of unremunerated work performed in foreign
countries, including surveys to determine the approximate
monetary value of such unremunerated work.
(c) METHODS OF CALCULATION.—Not later than 90
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Ad-
ministrator of the United States Agency for International
Development and the Secretary of State shall jointly sub-
mit to the Congress a report that describes the methods
by which the Administrator and Secretary will conduct
time use surveys of unremunerated work pursuant to sub-
section (b).
(d) REPORTS.—At least once every three years after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator
of the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment and the Secretary of State shall jointly submit to
the Congress a report that contains a summary of the sur-
veys conducted pursuant to subsection (b) for the prior
3-year period.
(e) 
DEFINITION.—In 
this 
section, 
the 
term
‘‘unremunerated work’’ includes household work, work re-
lated to child care and other care services, agricultural
work, work related to food production, work related to
family businesses, and volunteer work.
TITLE III—ENSURING OPPORTU-
NITIES FOR WOMEN IN DE-
VELOPING COUNTRIES
SEC. 301. INVESTING IN WOMEN’S SKILLS AND KNOWL-
EDGE.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Investing in girls’ education is one of the
most effective means of promoting economic growth
and poverty reduction. Educating girls has a signifi-
cant impact on long-term development objectives,
and has been proven to result in reduced family size,
reduced rates of infant and maternal mortality, in-
creased wages, improved family health, and im-
proved educational status for the next generation.
(2) Girls account for two-thirds of the
125,000,000 children not in primary schools and
millions of girls suffer in poor learning environments
that enforce gender stereotypes. Girls are less likely
to complete school than are boys and the mean
achievement level of girls is 40 percent lower than
that of boys.
(3) Access to education is the most critical pre-
requisite to the participation of women and girls in
the global economy. United States investments in
education and training in the new century must pro-
vide the required skills for an increasingly knowl-
edge-intensive and global economy. In particular,
women and girls need access to and skills in infor-
mation technologies.
(b) AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF
1961.—Section 105 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
(22 U.S.C. 2151c) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
‘‘(c)(1) The Congress reaffirms the goals established
by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel-
opment and the United Nations of achieving global gender
equity in education by 2005 and achieving universal access
to basic education by 2015.
‘‘(2) Assistance provided under this section shall be
used to support activities that promote gender equity and
increased access to quality education for girls and women
in developing and transitional countries. Such activities
may include, but are not limited to—
‘‘(A) support for policy reform, such as encour-
aging governments to locate schools closer to com-
munities and providing appropriate facilities, reduc-
ing the cost of schooling, and recruiting female
teachers;
‘‘(B) assistance in mobilizing communities to
promote girls’ education and participate in decision-
making relating to schooling;
‘‘(C) training for teachers in gender-equitable
teaching and support for the development of cur-
riculum free from gender bias;
‘‘(D) literacy programs, training in manage-
ment and leadership, support for increased access to
information technologies and projects to increase
women’s participation in secondary, technical, and
higher education.
‘‘(3) The Administrator of the United States Agency
for International Development shall develop a gender eq-
uity index to measure progress in improving the access
and quality of education for girls and women in developing
and transitional countries. At least once every three years,
the Administrator shall prepare and submit to the Con-
gress a report that contains the results of each country
that receives assistance under this subsection during the
preceding 3-year period in meeting the requirements of
such index.
‘‘(4)(A) In addition to amounts otherwise available
to carry out this subsection, there is authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out this subsection $200,000,000 for
fiscal year 2001.
‘‘(B) Amounts appropriated pursuant to the author-
ization of appropriations under subparagraph (A) are au-
thorized to remain available until expended.’’.
SEC. 302. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT AS-
SISTANCE.
(a) FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS OF POLICY.—The
Congress makes the following findings and declarations:
(1)(A) Women in poverty generally have larger
work loads and less access to educational and eco-
nomic opportunities than their male counterparts.
(B) Many turn to self-employment to generate
a substantial portion of their livelihood. In Africa,
over 80 percent of employment is generated in the
informal sector of the self-employed poor.
(C) These poor entrepreneurs are often trapped
in poverty because they cannot obtain credit at rea-
sonable rates to expand their otherwise viable self-
employment activities.
(2) The February 1997 global Microcredit
Summit held in Washington, District of Columbia,
to launch a plan to expand access to credit for self-
employment and other financial and business serv-
ices to 100,000,000 of the world’s poorest families
by 2005. The realization of this goal could dramati-
cally alter the face of global poverty, allowing the
poor to lead the fight against hunger and poverty.
(3) In the efforts of the United States to lead
the development of a new global financial architec-
ture, microenterprise should play a vital role. Recent
shocks to international financial markets dem-
onstrate how the financial sector can shape the des-
tiny of nations. Microfinance can be a powerful tool
for building a more inclusive financial sector serving
the broad majority of the world’s population, includ-
ing the very poor and women, generating social sta-
bility and prosperity.
(b) AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF
1961.—Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended by adding
at the end the following new section:
‘‘SEC. 131. MICROENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT GRANT AS-
SISTANCE.
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this part,
the President is authorized to provide grant assist-
ance for programs to increase the availability of
credit and other services to microenterprises lacking
full access to capital, training, technical assistance,
and business development through—
‘‘(A) grants to microfinance institutions
for the purpose of expanding the availability of
credit, savings, and other financial services to
microentrepreneurs;
‘‘(B) grants to microenterprise institutions
for the purpose of training, technical assistance,
and business development services for micro-
enterprises to enable them to make better use
of credit, to better manage their enterprises,
and to increase their income and build their as-
sets;
‘‘(C) grants for capacity building for
microenterprise institutions in order to enable
them to better meet the credit and training
needs of microentrepreneurs; and
‘‘(D) grants for policy and regulatory pro-
grams at the country level that improve the en-
vironment for microentrepreneurs and micro-
enterprise institutions that serve the poor and
very poor.
‘‘(2) IMPLEMENTATION.—Assistance authorized
under paragraph (1) shall be provided through orga-
nizations that have a capacity to develop and imple-
ment 
microenterprise 
programs, 
including
particularly—
‘‘(A) United States and indigenous private
and voluntary organizations;
‘‘(B) United States and indigenous credit
unions and cooperative organizations; or
‘‘(C) other indigenous governmental and
nongovernmental organizations.
‘‘(3) TARGETED ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out
paragraph (1), 50 percent of all assistance shall be
targeted to very poor entrepreneurs defined as those
living in the bottom 50 percent below the poverty
line, as established by the national government of
the country. Such assistance shall be used for direct
support of—
‘‘(A) programs under this subsection
through practitioner institutions that provide
credit and other financial services to the poorest
with loans in 1995 United States dollars of
$1,000 or less in the Europe and Eurasia re-
gion, $400 or less in the Latin America region,
and $300 or less in the rest of the world, and
can cover their costs of credit programs in a
reasonable time period; or
‘‘(B) demand-driven business development
programs that achieve reasonable cost recovery
that are provided to clients holding poverty
loans (as described in subparagraph (A))
whether such loans are provided by micro-
finance institutions or by specialized business
development providers.
‘‘(b) LEVEL OF ASSISTANCE.—Of the funds made
available to carry out this part and the Support for East
European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, including
local currencies, for fiscal year 2001, $167,000,000 is au-
thorized to be available to carry out this section for such
fiscal year.’’.
SEC. 303. MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of part 1 of the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding the
following new section:
‘‘SEC. 132. UNITED STATES MICROFINANCE LOAN FACILITY.
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development is
authorized to establish a United States Microfinance Loan
Facility (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ‘Fa-
cility’) to pool and manage the risk from natural disasters,
war or civil conflict, national financial crisis, or short-term
financial movements that threaten the long-term develop-
ment of United States-supported microfinance institu-
tions.
‘‘(b) DISBURSEMENTS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall
make disbursements from the Facility to United
States-sponsored microfinance institutions to prevent
the bankruptcy of such institutions caused by—
‘‘(A) natural disasters;
‘‘(B) national wars or civil conflict; and
‘‘(C) national financial crisis or other short
term financial movements that threaten the
long-term development of United States-sup-
ported microfinance institutions.
‘‘(2) FORM OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance under
this section shall be in the form of loans or loan
guarantees for microfinance institutions that dem-
onstrate the capacity to resume self-sustained oper-
ations within a reasonable period of time, as deter-
mined by the Administrator.
‘‘(3) CONGRESSIONAL
NOTIFICATION
PROCE-
DURES.—During fiscal year 2001, funds may not be
made available from the Facility until 15 days after
notification of the proposed availability of the funds
has been provided to the congressional committees
specified in section 634A of this Act in accordance
with the procedures applicable to reprogramming no-
tifications under that section.
‘‘(c) GENERAL PROVISIONS.—
‘‘(1) POLICY PROVISIONS.—In providing assist-
ance authorized by this section, the Administrator
should apply, as appropriate, the policy provisions in
this part that are applicable to development assist-
ance activities.
‘‘(2) DEFAULT
AND
PROCUREMENT
PROVI-
SIONS.—
‘‘(A) DEFAULT
PROVISION.—The provi-
sions of section 620(q), or any comparable pro-
vision of law, shall not be construed to prohibit
assistance to a country in the event that a pri-
vate sector recipient of assistance furnished
under this section is in default in its payment
to the United States for the period specified in
such section.
‘‘(B) PROCUREMENT
PROVISION.—Assist-
ance may be provided under this section with-
out regard to section 604(a).
‘‘(3) TERMS
AND
CONDITIONS
OF
ASSIST-
ANCE.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Assistance provided
under this section shall be offered on such
terms and conditions, including fees charged, as
the Administrator may determine.
‘‘(B) LIMITATION ON PRINCIPAL AMOUNT
OF FINANCING.—The principal amount of loans
made or guaranteed under this section in any
fiscal year, with respect to any single event,
may not exceed $30,000,000.
‘‘(C) EXCEPTION.—No payment may be
made under any guarantee issued under this
section for any loss arising out of fraud or mis-
representation for which the party seeking pay-
ment is responsible.
‘‘(4) FULL FAITH AND CREDIT.—All guarantees
issued under this section shall constitute obligations,
in accordance with the terms of such guarantees, of
the United States of America, and the full faith and
credit of the United States of America is hereby
pledged for the full payment and performance of
such obligations to the extent of the guarantee.
‘‘(d) FUNDING.—
‘‘(1) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts made
available to carry out this part for the fiscal
year 2001, up to $5,000,000 may be made
available for—
‘‘(i) the subsidy cost, as defined in
section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Re-
form Act of 1990, to carry out this section;
and
‘‘(ii) subject to subparagraph (B), the
cost of administrative expenses to carry
out this section.
‘‘(B) LIMITATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE EX-
PENSES.—Of the amount made available under
subparagraph (A) to carry out this section for
fiscal year 2001, not more than $500,000 may
be made available for administrative expenses
under subparagraph (A)(ii).
‘‘(2) 
RELATION
TO
OTHER
FUNDING.—
Amounts made available under paragraph (1) are in
addition to amounts available under any other provi-
sion of law to carry out this section.
‘‘(e) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘United
States-supported microfinance institution’ means a finan-
cial intermediary that has received funds made available
under this Act for fiscal year 1980 or any subsequent fis-
cal year.’’.
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 120 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development, the
Secretary of State, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall
submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate and the Committee on International Relations of the
House of Representatives a report on the policies, rules,
and regulations of the United States Microfinance Loan
Facility established under section 132 of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961, as added by subsection (a).
SEC. 304. REPORT RELATING TO FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS.
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the President, in consultation
with the Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development, the Secretary of State, and
the Secretary of the Treasury, shall prepare and transmit
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on
the most cost-effective methods for increasing the access
of poor people to credit, other financial services, and re-
lated training.
(b) CONTENTS.—The report described in subsection
(a) should include how the President, in consultation with
the Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development, the Secretary of State, and the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, will jointly develop a comprehen-
sive strategy for advancing the global microenterprise sec-
tor in a way that maintains market principles while assur-
ing that the very poor, particularly women, obtain access
to financial services overseas.
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means the Committee on International
Relations of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
TITLE 
IV—PROMOTION 
OF
HEALTH 
OF 
WOMEN 
AND
GIRLS IN DEVELOPING COUN-
TRIES
SEC. 401. FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
AND RIGHTS.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Hundreds of millions of women lack access
to comprehensive reproductive health care services,
including family planning services, which are basic
elements of women’s reproductive health and rights.
The low status of women in many societies is a fac-
tor that perpetuates patterns of early and frequent
childbearing and is often an obstacle to women’s use
of existing health care services. Population planning
assistance programs should provide comprehensive
reproductive health care, including family planning
services, that respect and promote women’s repro-
ductive rights, privacy and empowerment.
(2) Key elements of a comprehensive approach
to reproductive health and rights include the provi-
sion of family planning education and services, pre-
natal delivery care, including emergency obstetrical
care, educational efforts and condom promotion for
the prevention of HIV/AIDS and other sexually
transmitted diseases, access to treatment for the
complications of unsafe abortion, and access to safe
abortion services where legal.
(3) United States foreign assistance must not
be contingent upon the willingness of a foreign non-
governmental organization to forgo either its right to
use its own funds to address, within the democratic
process, a particular issue affecting the citizens of
its own country, or its right to provide, with its own
funds, medical services that are legal in its own
country and would be legal if provided in the United
States.
(4) Women’s economic participation and repro-
ductive rights and health are inextricably linked. In-
creases in women’s labor force participation raises
demand for safe and voluntary reproductive health
care, including family planning services, which in
turn enable women to control their own health and
fertility and their ability to work. Lack of com-
prehensive reproductive health care, including family
planning services, severely limits women’s ability to
gain from new job creation resulting from the in-
creasingly globalizing economy.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR POPU-
LATION PLANNING ASSISTANCE.—There is authorized to
be appropriated $541,600,000 for fiscal year 2001 for
population planning activities or other population assist-
ance under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
(22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.).
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE
UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA).—In ad-
dition to amounts otherwise available to carry out chapter
3 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2221 et seq.), there is authorized to be appro-
priated $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 for the United
States voluntary contribution to the United Nations Popu-
lation Fund (UNFPA).
SEC. 402. MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMS.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Approximately 600,000 women die each
year due to complications of pregnancy, childbirth,
and unsafe abortion. Of these mostly preventable
deaths, more than 95 percent occur in developing
countries. For example, in Afghanistan, a country
suffering from the devastating impacts of 20 years
of war and conflict, maternal mortality is the second
highest in the world. A report released by the United
Nations Commission on Human Rights indicates
that every day in Afghanistan an average of 45
women die of pregnancy related causes resulting in
16,000 maternal deaths annually.
(2) Access to comprehensive maternal health
care, including quality pre-natal care and nutritional
supplements (for example, foliates), screening for
pregnancy-related diseases, basic fetal health tests,
immunizations (for example, tetanus), access to
treatment for the complications of unsafe abortion,
access to safe abortion services where legal, and
preparation for safe birth (including safe delivery
kits where needed) are necessary for the health of
women and children. Post-natal care includes follow-
up services to ensure that women recover from birth
without 
hemorrhaging 
or 
infection 
and 
that
newborns develop adequately.
(3) When women cannot work because of health
problems, the loss of their income, as well as the
costs of treatment, can drive them and their families
into debt. In India, a study found that disability re-
duced the productivity of the female labor force by
about 20 percent.
(b) MATERNAL HEALTH PROGRAMS.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development
shall establish and carry out programs to provide
maternal health assistance to individuals in need in
developing countries.
(2) ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS.—Programs
described in paragraph (1) shall meet the following
requirements:
(A) Ensure that women and girls have the
ability to decide the number and spacing of
children and that they have access to com-
prehensive reproductive health care, including
pregnancy-related services, to enable them to
delay pregnancy until they have achieved phys-
ical and emotional maturity necessary to make
informed reproductive health care decisions.
(B) Provide access to comprehensive, high-
quality, pre- and post-natal care.
(C) Ensure that women can exercise their
reproductive rights and access reproductive
health care, especially concerning pregnancy,
voluntarily and free from violence and coercion.
(D) Provide access to sexual and reproduc-
tive health education and care for adolescents,
including prevention and treatment of sexually
transmitted infections, prevention of unintended
pregnancy, and information about safe-sex
practices, including skills to protect adolescents
from abusive or coercive relationships.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
SEC. 403. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) According to the Joint United Nations Pro-
gramme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), worldwide there
are an estimated 33,600,000 people infected with
HIV. 95 percent of people with HIV reside in devel-
oping countries with 70 percent of the global total
affecting sub-Saharan Africa. Young women from
developing countries are at severe risk. In Uganda,
for example, it is estimated that HIV infection
among women is 20 times higher than men in the
13 to 19 age group.
(2) The impact of AIDS on women, including
their communities, spans the sectors of development,
including education, economic development, health
care, and agriculture, food security and nutrition.
For example, the epidemic is killing teachers at a
rate faster than they can be replaced. The HIV/
AIDS pandemic is robbing many developing coun-
tries of their most productive labor force and there-
fore their ability to participate and compete effec-
tively in the global economy.
(3) Research and program lessons have revealed
that highly visible, comprehensive programs that
reach urban and rural communities and meet needs
all along a prevention-to-care continuum are re-
quired. In order to be successful, any program must
systematically seek input from women in affected
communities about how to help them overcome enor-
mous obstacles in prevention and treatment. Pro-
grams must consider the human rights of women
when setting up drug trials and treatment programs.
Individuals with HIV must have choices that include
basic treatments, including drugs, of sexually-trans-
mitted infections and the opportunistic infections
that come with HIV and are the cause of death from
HIV.
(4) Since the early 1990s, topical microbicides
have attracted scientific attention as a possible new
technology for preventing sexually transmitted dis-
eases, including HIV. Like today’s spermicides,
microbicides would be used vaginally by women to
help protect themselves, their partners, and their in-
fants from the sexual transmission of HIV and other
sexually transmitted disease pathogens. For individ-
uals needing to use them without partner knowledge
or consent, safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable
topical microbicides could be formulated to be
undetectable.
(b) ACTIONS TO PREVENT AND TREAT HIV/AIDS.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development
shall take appropriate actions to strengthen the pro-
grams, projects, and activities of the Agency to pre-
vent and treat HIV/AIDS in developing countries.
(2) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—Actions de-
scribed in paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division
of the Agency shall give special attention and
focus to young women between the ages of 15
and 24.
(B) The Administrator shall appoint a sen-
ior level policy advisor for infectious diseases
who shall report directly to the Administrator
and shall be responsible for making certain that
the contributing factors and impact of infec-
tious diseases are taken into account in pro-
grams in all divisions of the Agency.
(C) The Administrator shall implement a
micro-grant and micro-loan program for com-
munity-based organizations that provide care
and support to families affected by HIV/AIDS
in developing countries.
(D) The Administrator shall target funds
to increase the overall health infrastructure of
developing countries with a high prevalence of
HIV/AIDS, including working with govern-
ments, multilateral organizations, nongovern-
mental organizations, and the private sector, to
promote increased accessibility and availability
of drugs for sexually-transmitted infections.
(E) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division
of the Agency shall ensure that programs imple-
mented by the Division take into account the
threat to human rights that HIV/AIDS poses in
communities, especially in the cases of coun-
seling and testing, clinical trials, and treatment
programs.
(F) The Chief of the HIV/AIDS Division
of the Agency shall ensure that programs imple-
mented by the Division involve both women and
men living with HIV/AIDS in affected commu-
nities in the design, implementation, and eval-
uation of prevention and care programs.
(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development shall
prepare and submit to Congress an annual report on the
actions of the Agency under subsection (b) for the pre-
ceding year, including the multi-sectoral approaches taken
by the Agency to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS in de-
veloping countries and a description of the gender dimen-
sion of such multi-sectoral approaches.
(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘HIV/
AIDS’’ means infection with the human immunodeficiency
virus. Such term includes the acquired immune deficiency
syndrome.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $500,000,000
for fiscal year 2001.
(2) MICROBICIDES.—In addition to amounts
appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appro-
priations under paragraph (1), there is authorized to
be appropriated to develop and test topical
microbicides for the prevention and treatment of
HIV/AIDS under this section $15,000,000 for fiscal
year 2001.
SEC. 404. PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF TUBER-
CULOSIS.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Tuberculosis is one of the greatest infec-
tious causes of death of adults worldwide, killing
2,000,000 people per year—one person every 15 sec-
onds. Globally, tuberculosis is the leading cause of
death of young women and the leading cause of
death of people with HIV/AIDS.
(2) With the increase in international travel,
commerce, and migration, elimination of tuberculosis
in the United States depends on efforts to control
the disease in developing countries.
(3) Tuberculosis is an immense economic drain
on families and on nations and is a significant cause
of poverty. Most cases of tuberculosis and deaths
caused by tuberculosis occur among individuals in
their most productive years of life, ages 15 to 50,
decimating a country’s ability to compete effectively
in the global economy.
(4)(A) There is a highly effective and inexpen-
sive treatment for tuberculosis. This strategy, known
as Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course
(DOTS), includes low-cost effective diagnosis, treat-
ment, monitoring, and recordkeeping, as well as a
reliable drug supply.
(B) A centerpiece of DOTS is observing pa-
tients to ensure that they take their medication and
complete treatment. DOTS produces high cure rates,
prevents the further spread of infection, and pre-
vents development of strains of multi-drug resistant
tuberculosis, yet fewer than 1 in 5 of those ill with
tuberculosis are receiving DOTS treatment.
(C) Based on World Bank estimates, DOTS
treatment is one of the most cost-effective health
interventions available—costing just $20–$100 to
save a life, and DOTS can produce cure rates of up
to 95 percent even in the poorest countries.
(b) ASSISTANCE FOR TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION,
TREATMENT, AND CONTROL.—Section 104(c) of the For-
eign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)) is
amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4)(A) Congress recognizes the growing inter-
national problem of tuberculosis and the threat its contin-
ued existence poses for the United States and other na-
tions which had previously largely controlled the disease.
Congress further recognizes that a cost-effective strategy
exists to control and treat tuberculosis, but that this treat-
ment regime is currently reaching fewer than one in five
of those ill with the disease, and that it is a major objec-
tive of the foreign assistance program of the United States
to control this disease. To this end Congress expects the
agency primarily responsible for administering this part—
‘‘(i) to focus its efforts on the implementation
of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course
(DOTS), or other internationally accepted primary
tuberculosis control strategies developed in consulta-
tion with the World Health Organization, at the
local level with the intention of reaching the targets
of (I) detection of at least 70 percent of the cases
of infectious tuberculosis, (II) the cure of at least 85
percent of the cases detected, and (III) the reduction
in tuberculosis deaths by one-half, by 2005;
‘‘(ii) to focus the efforts described in clause (i)
on the highest burden countries identified by the
World Health Organization as containing 80 percent
of tuberculosis cases globally; and
‘‘(iii) to work in collaboration with the World
Health Organization, the STOP TB Initiative, the
United States Centers for Disease Control, the Na-
tional Institutes of Health, the International Union
Against TB and Lung Disease, and other organiza-
tions toward the development and implementation of
effective tuberculosis control programs, including
strategies to address multi-drug resistant tuber-
culosis (MDR–TB), at the local level, especially in
the highest burden countries.
‘‘(B) In conjunction with the submission of the an-
nual request for enactment of authorizations and appro-
priations for foreign assistance programs for each fiscal
year, the President shall include a report that contains
an estimate of the detection and cure rates of each pro-
gram, project, or activity to be carried out under the au-
thority of subparagraph (A) and progress on reaching the
targets described in subclauses (I) through (III) of sub-
paragraph (A)(i).
‘‘(C)(i) There is authorized to be appropriated for fis-
cal year 2001 $100,000,000 to carry out this paragraph.
‘‘(ii) Of the amount appropriated pursuant to the au-
thorization of appropriations under clause (i), not less
than 80 percent of such amount shall be used for the diag-
nosis and treatment of tuberculosis for at-risk and af-
fected populations utilizing Directly Observed Treatment,
Short Course (DOTS), or other internationally accepted
primary tuberculosis control strategies developed in con-
sultation with the World Health Organization. An appro-
priate percentage of the remaining amount appropriated
pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under
clause (i) should be made available for implementation of
Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS–
PLUS), or other internationally accepted tuberculosis con-
trol strategies, to treat multi-drug resistant tuberculosis,
and for global tuberculosis coordination and surveillance
efforts. In addition, assistance provided using amounts ap-
propriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations
under clause (i) shall be primarily used in those developing
countries identified by the World Health Organization as
having the highest incidence of tuberculosis, with special
emphasis given to the poorest regions of such countries.
‘‘(iii) Amounts appropriated pursuant to the author-
ization of appropriations under this subparagraph are au-
thorized to remain available until expended.’’.
SEC. 405. HEALTH OF CHILDREN.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) While many advances have been made in
health and well-being, the overwhelming majority of
the people in the world who live in poverty are chil-
dren and women and in the past 20 years, more
than 600,000,000 children have lived in deep pov-
erty.
(2) Poverty and war together have led to severe
health 
consequences 
in 
children. 
More 
than
10,000,000 children under 5 years of age die each
year in developing countries from preventable
causes, including pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, mal-
nutrition, and measles. These diseases kill a child
every 5 seconds. In addition, millions of children are
victims of physical and mental abuse, including do-
mestic violence, rape, and other forms of sexual
abuse, of which girls are most vulnerable.
(3) Child labor, increasing in the global econ-
omy, has also directly affected the health of children.
According to the International Labour Organization
(ILO), approximately 250,000,000 children between
the ages of 5 and 14 work in developing countries
and some 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 children be-
tween the ages of 5 and 11 work in hazardous cir-
cumstances. Two-thirds of these children are girls.
(b) HEALTH
AND
WELL-BEING
OF
CHILDREN
INDEX.—The Administrator of the United States Agency
for International Development shall establish and imple-
ment an index to measure the impact of programs,
projects, and activities of the Agency on children in devel-
oping countries. Such index shall utilize disaggregated
data based on sex.
(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development shall
prepare and submit to Congress an annual report that
contains information obtained from the index established
under subsection (b) for the preceding year.
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $525,000,000
for fiscal year 2001.
(2) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts appropriated pur-
suant to the authorization of appropriations under
paragraph (1) are authorized to remain available
until expended.
TITLE V—HUMAN RIGHTS OF
WOMEN
SEC. 501. ASSISTANCE TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) While major advancements have been made
in the area of women’s human rights over the last
decade, particularly in the area of domestic violence,
women around the world still face the routine denial
of their human rights in many aspects of their lives,
both in practice and in law. Judicial and other
mechanisms that are established to prevent and re-
spond to violations of women’s human rights often
fail to do so and may even further entrench women’s
inequality.
(2) Supporting women’s human rights in all
spheres of women’s lives—including home, work,
school, health, political participation, and other re-
lated areas—is critical to sustainable development
and the promotion of equality and democracy around
the world.
(3) It is important to examine the implications
of accelerated economic globalization, structural ad-
justment, and trade liberalization on women’s rights
and human rights, particularly as these trends affect
women as workers, farmers, entrepreneurs, family
care givers, and heads of household.
(b) AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF
1961.—Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), as amended by this Act,
is further amended by adding at the end the following:
‘‘SEC. 133. ASSISTANCE TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN.
‘‘(a) ASSISTANCE.—The Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development shall estab-
lish and carry out programs to assist governments of de-
veloping countries to eliminate de jure discrimination
against women.
‘‘(b) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—Assistance pro-
vided under subsection (a) shall include the following:
‘‘(1) Provide judges and other judicial officials
in developing countries with on-going training in
women’s human rights, particularly as such rights
relate to domestic violence.
‘‘(2) Provide technical and other assistance to
officials in ministries of justice of developing coun-
tries to enable such officials to better collect and
analyze sex-disaggregated data on rates of reporting,
prosecution, conviction, and sentencing of domestic
and sexual violence cases.
‘‘(3) Improve training for law enforcement per-
sonnel in developing countries to improve their re-
sponse to and collection of evidence for domestic and
sexual violence cases.
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There
is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be nec-
essary to carry out this section for fiscal year 2001.’’.
SEC. 502. PREVENTION OF TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND
CHILDREN.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) Trafficking in persons is increasing expo-
nentially worldwide. The United Nations estimates
that 4,000,000 individuals become victims of traf-
ficking each year. The United States Government es-
timates that 50,000 women and girls are trafficked
into the United States annually.
(2) Trafficking is a labor and human rights vio-
lation that involves physical and psychological coer-
cion, deception, forced labor, and servitude or slav-
ery. Traffickers force people to labor and serve in a
growing number of arenas, including factories, con-
struction sites, farms, brothels, homes, and streets.
(3) Potential and actual victims of trafficking
need targeted assistance to provide them with skills
and opportunities at home. Trafficked individuals
need shelter, health care, psychological counseling,
training, and living assistance after they escape from
their traffickers. Those individuals who are in dan-
ger from retaliation by organized criminal gangs re-
quire special protection.
(4) Women are more likely than men to be traf-
ficked. Women are disproportionately affected by
economic changes brought on by structural adjust-
ment policies, privatization, trade liberalization, and
economic globalization, such as the movement away
from agriculture toward a wage-based economy and
consumer society. Women are rapidly becoming the
primary caregivers for families, and older girls are
assuming financial responsibility for their younger
siblings and, often, for their parents. At the same
time, patriarchal social, cultural and economic struc-
tures ensure that the skills necessary to adapt and
succeed in these new economies are transferred pri-
marily to men and boys.
(b) PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND COUN-
TRIES OF ORIGIN.—
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
President, 
acting
through the heads of appropriate Federal depart-
ments and agencies (such as the Department of
State, the Department of Justice, the Immigration
and Naturalization Service, the Department of
Health and Human Services, and the United States
Agency for International Development), shall estab-
lish and carry out programs in the United States
and in foreign countries to prevent the trafficking of
women and children.
(2) ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS.—Programs
established and carried out under paragraph (1)
shall include the following:
(A) Support for nongovernmental organiza-
tion-operated hotlines, culturally and linguis-
tically appropriate protective shelters, and re-
gional and international nongovernmental orga-
nization networks and databases on trafficking.
(B) Training for law enforcement per-
sonnel, prosecutors, immigration agents and of-
ficers, housing and health inspectors, and other
government officials who may come into contact
with a situation of trafficking or trafficked indi-
viduals.
(C) Analysis of existing national legal
frameworks and advocacy to develop protective
national laws and policies that are consistent
with, and improve upon, the United Nations
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children (supplementing the United Nations
Convention Against Transnational Organized
Crime).
(D) Support for advocates working to en-
sure the appropriate and timely implementation
of new anti-trafficking or related legislation at
the national, state, and local levels.
(E) Support for nongovernmental organi-
zations and advocates—
(i) to provide legal, social, and other
services and assistance to trafficked indi-
viduals, particularly those individuals in
detention; and
(ii) to create education and media ma-
terials and networks to reach out to the
ethnic communities of those individuals
most likely to be trafficked into the United
States, particularly in the informal sectors
where undocumented migrants and traf-
ficked individuals are more likely to be
found.
(c) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PROGRAMS IN
COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN.—In addition to the requirements
under subsection (b), programs to prevent the trafficking
of women and children in foreign countries shall also in-
clude the following:
(1)(A) Education and training for women and
girls who are in vulnerable populations and edu-
cation and training for trafficked women and girls
upon their return home.
(B) Such education and training shall provide
women and girls with the same type of skills being
provided to men and boys, including skills to become
self-sufficient and to succeed in the changing econo-
mies of their countries.
(2) The safe reintegration of trafficked individ-
uals into an appropriate community or family, with
full respect for the wishes, dignity, and safety of the
trafficked individual.
(d) STUDY AND REPORT ON SCOPE OF TRAFFICKING
INTO THE UNITED STATES.—
(1) STUDY.—The President, acting through the
heads of appropriate Federal departments and agen-
cies (such as the Department of State, the Depart-
ment of Justice, the Immigration and Naturalization
Service, the Department of Health and Human
Services, and the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development), shall conduct a study on the
scope of trafficking of individuals into the United
States, including—
(A) trafficking of individuals for work in
restaurants, the agricultural sector, the domes-
tic sector, factories, and the construction indus-
try;
(B) trafficking of individuals for marriage
or adoption; and
(C) trafficking of individuals for work in
the sex industry.
In conducting the study under this paragraph, the
President shall place emphasis on obtaining data
with respect to individuals described in subpara-
graphs (A) and (B).
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the President
shall transmit to Congress a report that contains—
(A) the results of the study conducted
under paragraph (1); and
(B) a description of detailed strategies for
legislation to prevent the trafficking of individ-
uals into the United States.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2001.
SEC. 503. RATIFICATION OF CONVENTION ON THE ELIMI-
NATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(1) The Senate has already agreed to the ratifi-
cation of several important human rights treaties,
including the Genocide Convention, the Convention
Against Torture, the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, and the Convention on the
Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW).
(2) CEDAW establishes a worldwide commit-
ment to combat discrimination against women and
girls.
(3) 165 countries of the world have ratified or
acceded to CEDAW and the United States is among
a small minority of countries, including Afghanistan,
North Korea, Iran, and Sudan, which have not.
(4) CEDAW is helping combat violence and dis-
crimination against women and girls around the
world.
(5) CEDAW has had a significant and positive
impact on legal development in countries as diverse
as Uganda, Colombia, Brazil, and South Africa, in-
cluding, on citizenship rights in Botswana and
Japan, inheritance rights in Tanzania, and property
rights and political participation in Costa Rica.
(6) The Administration has proposed a small
number of reservations, understandings, and dec-
larations to ensure that United States ratification
fully complies with all constitutional requirements,
including states’ and individuals’ rights.
(7) The legislatures of California, Iowa, Massa-
chusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Caro-
lina, South Dakota, and Vermont have endorsed
United States ratification of CEDAW.
(8) More than 100 United States-based, civic,
legal, religious, education, and environmental organi-
zations, including many major national membership
organizations, support ratification of CEDAW.
(9) Ratification of CEDAW would allow the
United States to nominate a representative to the
CEDAW oversight committee.
(10) 2000 is the 21st anniversary of the adop-
tion of CEDAW by the United Nations General As-
sembly.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the
Congress that—
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate should hold hearings on the Convention on
the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW); and
(2) the Senate should, therefore, give its advice
and consent to the ratification of the Convention on
the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women.
Æ