I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3444 
To direct Federal land management agencies of the Department of the Inte-
rior to establish Tribal Co-Management Plans and to authorize the Sec-
retary of Agriculture to enter into agreements with Indian Tribes and 
Tribal organizations for the performance of certain activities of the 
Forest Service, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 15, 2025 
Mr. HUFFMAN (for himself, Ms. LEGER FERNANDEZ, Mr. NEGUSE, Ms. 
HOYLE of Oregon, Ms. ANSARI, Ms. DEXTER, and Ms. ELFRETH) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural 
Resources, and in addition to the Committee on Agriculture, for a period 
to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider-
ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned 
A BILL 
To direct Federal land management agencies of the Depart-
ment of the Interior to establish Tribal Co-Management 
Plans and to authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to 
enter into agreements with Indian Tribes and Tribal 
organizations for the performance of certain activities 
of the Forest Service, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Tribal Self-Determina-
tion and Co-Management in Forestry Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. TRIBAL CO-MANAGEMENT PLANS OF THE DEPART-
MENT OF THE INTERIOR. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(c), not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the head of each Federal land management agen-
cy, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior and 
the Tribal Advisory Committee, shall develop a plan, to 
be known as the ‘‘Tribal Co-Management Plan’’ of the 
agency, that includes any activity (including a permissive 
activity), service, or function (including the management 
decisions related to such activity, service, or function) of 
the Federal land management agency that— 
(1) is to be carried out on lands administered 
by the Federal land management agency that the 
Secretary determines are in need of such activity 
(including restoration activity), service, or function; 
(2) is consistent with each land management 
plan of the Federal land management agency; 
(3) is to be carried out on land that the Sec-
retary, in consultation with each applicable Indian 
Tribe, identifies as being historically, culturally, or 
geographically related to such Indian Tribe; and 
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(4) is to be carried out in accordance with ap-
plicable laws, including environmental laws and reg-
ulations. 
(b) EXISTING TRIBAL CO-MANAGEMENT PLANS.—If 
a plan substantially similar to a plan required under sub-
section (a) already exists within a Federal land manage-
ment agency, then not later than 120 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the head of the Federal land 
management agency shall— 
(1) adopt such plan as the Tribal Co-Manage-
ment Plan of the agency; and 
(2) update the plan as necessary to limit, to the 
maximum extent practicable, any administrative bur-
den such plan may place on Indian Tribes. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) FEDERAL LAND MANAGEMENT AGENCY.— 
The term ‘‘Federal land management agency’’ 
means— 
(A) the Bureau of Land Management; 
(B) the United States Fish and Wildlife 
Service; 
(C) the National Park Service; and 
(D) the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 
(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term under section 102 
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of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 
1994 (25 U.S.C. 5130). 
(3) PERMISSIVE ACTIVITY.—The term ‘‘permis-
sive activity’’ includes— 
(A) forest and grassland planning and 
management activities; 
(B) research and development activities; 
(C) a restoration activity; and 
(D) recreational services. 
(4) TRIBAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term 
‘‘Tribal Advisory Committee’’ means Secretary’s 
Tribal Advisory Committee of the Department of the 
Interior (chartered on November 11, 2021). 
SEC. 3. TRIBAL CO-MANAGEMENT TRAINING. 
(a) TRAINING.—The Secretary of the Interior shall 
ensure that each employee of the Department of the Inte-
rior who is involved in developing and carrying out a Trib-
al Co-Management Plan established under section 2 re-
ceives such training as the Secretary determines necessary 
to— 
(1) train the employee to incorporate indige-
nous knowledge and practices into the execution of 
the plan; 
(2) educate the employee on the Tribal history 
of each area in which a project on which the em-
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ployee is expect to work and which is approved to be 
carried out in accordance with the plan is located; 
and 
(3) provide the employee with a general under-
standing of the trust relationship between the 
United States (including all agencies of the Federal 
Government) and Indian Tribes. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this section, 
the Secretary is authorized to consult with Indian Tribes. 
(c) INDIAN TRIBE DEFINED.—In this section, the 
term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ has the meaning given the term 
under section 102 of the Federally Recognized Indian 
Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5130). 
SEC. 4. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENTS WITH IN-
DIAN TRIBES AND TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS 
TO CARRY OUT CERTAIN FOREST SERVICE 
ACTIVITIES. 
(a) AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO AGREEMENTS WITH 
INDIAN TRIBES AND TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS.— 
(1) AUTHORITY
TO
ENTER
INTO
AGREE-
MENTS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B) and paragraph (3), the Secretary 
may enter into agreements with an Indian 
Tribe or Tribal organization for the perform-
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ance of activities of the Forest Service de-
scribed in paragraph (2). 
(B) 
MINIMUM
NUMBER
OF
AGREE-
MENTS.—During the 4-year period beginning 
on the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall enter into at least 5 agreements 
under subparagraph (A). 
(C) AGREEMENT AND CONTRACT AUTHOR-
ITY.—The Secretary may carry out subpara-
graph (A)— 
(i) through an agreement pursuant to 
this section; 
(ii) through a contract entered into 
under the Indian Self-Determination and 
Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304 
et seq.) in a substantially similar manner 
as a contract entered into pursuant to sec-
tion 8703 of the Agriculture Improvement 
Act of 2018 (25 U.S.C. 3115b); or 
(iii) through any other agreement au-
thority provided to the Secretary under 
Federal law or regulations. 
(2) ALLOWABLE ACTIVITIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—An activity described in 
this paragraph is any activity (including a per-
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missive activity), service, or function (including 
the management decisions related to such activ-
ity, service, or function) of the Forest Service 
that— 
(i) is carried out on National Forest 
System lands that the Secretary deter-
mines are in need of such activity (includ-
ing restoration activity), service, or func-
tion; 
(ii) is consistent with each land man-
agement plan applicable to such National 
Forest System lands; 
(iii) is carried out on land that the 
Secretary, in consultation with each appli-
cable Indian Tribe, identifies as being his-
torically, culturally, or geographically re-
lated to such Indian Tribe; and 
(iv) is carried out in accordance with 
applicable laws, including environmental 
laws and regulations. 
(B) PERMISSIVE ACTIVITY.—For purposes 
of subparagraph (A), the term ‘‘permissive ac-
tivity’’ includes— 
(i) forest and grassland planning and 
management activities; 
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(ii) research and development activi-
ties; 
(iii) a restoration activity; 
(iv) activities of the Heritage Program 
of the Forest Service; and 
(v) recreational services. 
(3) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary may not 
enter into an agreement under paragraph (1)(A) 
that— 
(A) delegates any nondelegable function to 
an Indian Tribe or Tribal organization; 
(B) would make an Indian Tribe or Tribal 
organization reliant on a State Government for 
the receipt of funds or other resources nec-
essary to carry out any term of the agreement; 
or 
(C) provides for the performance of an ac-
tivity covered by a stewardship contract or 
other instrument such that the agreement 
would present a conflict with respect to Na-
tional Forest System lands subject to the agree-
ment. 
(b) REQUEST FOR AGREEMENT.—To request to enter 
into an agreement under subsection (a)(1)(A), an Indian 
Tribe or Tribal organization shall submit to the Secretary 
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a proposal at such time and in such manner as the Sec-
retary may require, including— 
(1) a description of each activity that the In-
dian Tribe or Tribal organization proposes to carry 
out under the agreement; 
(2) an identification of the National Forest Sys-
tem lands on which such activities are proposed to 
be carried out; and 
(3) any other information the Secretary may re-
quire. 
(c) CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING REQUESTED AGREE-
MENTS.— 
(1) REQUIRED
CONSIDERATIONS.—Before en-
tering into an agreement under subsection (a)(1)(A), 
the Secretary shall consider— 
(A) the expected effects of the agreement 
on the interests of other Indian Tribes; and 
(B) with respect to lands described in sub-
section (a)(2)(A), any valid existing rights and 
permits— 
(i) of each Indian Tribe proposed to 
be subject to the agreement; 
(ii) of other Indian Tribes; 
(iii) of private parties; and 
(iv) of the Federal Government. 
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(2) ALLOWABLE EVALUATION AND CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—In determining whether to enter into an 
agreement under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Secretary 
may— 
(A) evaluate using a best-value basis the 
proposal submitted pursuant subsection (b) 
with respect to the agreement; and 
(B) give special consideration to factors 
implicated by such proposal and related to the 
Indian Tribe proposed to be subject to the 
agreement, including— 
(i) if applicable, the status of the 
Tribal organization that requested the 
agreement as a Tribal organization; 
(ii) the historical, cultural, and tradi-
tional affiliation of the Indian Tribe with 
the land proposed to be subject to the 
agreement; 
(iii) the features of the landscape of 
such land, including watersheds and vege-
tation types, that are expected to be af-
fected if the proposal is carried out; 
(iv) with respect to the coordination of 
activities, the working relationship, if any, 
between the Indian Tribe or Tribal organi-
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zation that submitted the proposal and the 
Forest Service; 
(v) access by members of the Indian 
Tribe proposed to be subject to the agree-
ment to land proposed to be subject to the 
agreement; and 
(vi) the indigenous knowledge and 
skills of the Indian Tribe and members of 
the Indian Tribe. 
(d) NOTICE OF DENIAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the Secretary denies a request by an Indian Tribe 
or a Tribal organization pursuant to subsection (b), the 
Secretary shall issue to the Indian Tribe or Tribal organi-
zation a notice of denial that includes— 
(1) an identification of each specific reason for 
the denial, including any criteria the Secretary con-
sidered pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of sub-
section (c) that contributed to the denial; 
(2) an identification of the potential courses of 
action, if any, that the Indian Tribe or Tribal orga-
nization may take to overcome each such specific 
reason; and 
(3) a proposed schedule for communication with 
the Indian Tribe or Tribal organization to provide 
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technical assistance to the Indian Tribe or Tribal or-
ganization to overcome each such specific reason. 
(e) PAYMENTS TO INDIAN TRIBES OR TRIBAL ORGA-
NIZATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In entering into an agree-
ment under subsection (a)(1)(A)— 
(A) the Secretary may include terms and 
conditions with respect to payments to the In-
dian Tribe or Tribal organization party to the 
agreement for use carrying out the agreement; 
and 
(B) the Indian Tribe or Tribal organiza-
tion may elect to receive any such payments on 
an annual or semi-annual basis. 
(2) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—The Secretary shall— 
(A) in the case of an activity to be carried 
out pursuant to an agreement under subsection 
(a)(1)(A), from the amounts appropriated to 
carry out such activity, use the unobligated 
amounts to make a payment under paragraph 
(1) with respect to such activity; or 
(B) if no such amounts are available, use 
the amounts made available pursuant to sub-
section (m) to make such a payment. 
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(3) TRANSFER
AUTHORITY.—Subsections (a) 
through (l) of section 408 of the Indian Self-Deter-
mination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
5368) shall apply to the Secretary of Agriculture 
with respect to an agreement under subsection 
(a)(1)(A) in the same manner as such subsections 
apply to the Secretary of the Interior with respect 
to a funding agreement. 
(4) REDUCTION OF PAPERWORK BURDEN.—In 
carrying out this section, the Secretary shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable— 
(A) reduce the reporting burden on Indian 
Tribes and Tribal organizations that receive 
funding pursuant to an agreement under this 
section, including by limiting report frequency, 
consolidating reporting requirements, and re-
ducing required information; and 
(B) establish such mechanisms as are nec-
essary to protect Tribal data sovereignty. 
(f) REVIEW AND MODIFICATION OF AGREEMENT.— 
(1) PERIODIC
REVIEW.—With respect to an 
agreement under subsection (a)(1)(A) that is effec-
tive for a period of not fewer than 5 years, the Sec-
retary shall, in the fifth year after the agreement 
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takes effect and every 5 years thereafter during such 
period— 
(A) review the terms of the agreement with 
each Indian Tribe or Tribal organization party 
to the agreement; and 
(B) offer to modify any such terms or ter-
minate the agreement, as the Secretary and 
each such Indian Tribe or the Tribal organiza-
tion determines appropriate based on such re-
view. 
(2) REVIEW DUE TO NATURAL DISASTER.— 
(A) REQUEST TO REVIEW.—Not later than 
90 days after a natural disaster occurs on Na-
tional Forest System lands subject to an agree-
ment under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Indian 
Tribe or Tribal organization party to the agree-
ment may submit a request to the Secretary 
to— 
(i) identify any activities that could be 
carried out by the Indian Tribe or Tribal 
organization, in cooperation with the For-
est Service and under the agreement, in re-
sponse to the natural disaster; and 
(ii) review the terms and conditions of 
the agreement to identify any modifica-
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tions necessary to facilitate or authorize 
such activities. 
(B) REVIEW; MODIFICATION.—The Sec-
retary shall respond to a request under sub-
paragraph (A) not later than 60 days after re-
ceiving such request. 
(g) PUBLICATION OF ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act and every 
3 years thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with In-
dian Tribes, shall publish in the Federal Register a non- 
exhaustive list describing the activities of the Forest Serv-
ice that may be eligible for inclusion in an agreement 
under subsection (a)(1)(A). 
(h) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and every 3 years thereafter, 
the Secretary shall submit to the relevant Congressional 
Committees a report containing a description of any 
progress or accomplishments made during the period cov-
ered by the report— 
(1) with respect to the activities of the Forest 
Service described in subsection (a)(2); and 
(2) attributable to an agreement under sub-
section (a)(1)(A). 
(i) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall consult with Indian Tribes to— 
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(1) ensure that indigenous knowledge is— 
(A) when requested by an applicable In-
dian Tribe or Tribal organization thereof, inte-
grated into decision-making processes related to 
the activities carried out under this section; and 
(B) when appropriate, considered best 
available science; and 
(2) ensure that appropriate safeguards exist 
to— 
(A) protect the integrity of indigenous 
knowledge; and 
(B) respect the data sovereignty of Indian 
Tribes in accordance with Tribal law. 
(j) FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT APPLICABILITY.— 
While engaged in carrying out an activity of the Forest 
Service pursuant to an agreement with an Indian Tribe 
or Tribal organization under subsection (a)(1)(A), an em-
ployee of such Indian Tribe or Tribal organization shall 
be considered to be an employee of the Forest Service for 
purposes of chapter 171 of title 28, United States Code. 
(k) FAR EXEMPTION.—This Act, including any ac-
tivity carried out pursuant to this section, is not subject 
to the requirements of the Federal Acquisition Regulation. 
(l) EFFECT.—Nothing in this section— 
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(1) enlarges, establishes, or diminishes the cur-
rent or future rights of any Indian Tribe; 
(2) reduces or supersedes any authority of an 
Indian Tribe to enter into agreements; 
(3) provides exclusive use of any area within 
National Forest System lands; 
(4) limits the Secretary from entering into a 
separate agreement with any other Indian Tribe, or 
Tribal organization thereof, with treaty rights or a 
recognized legal interest in National Forest System 
lands; or 
(5) affects the authority of the Secretary (as in 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act) to, 
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service, enter 
into agreements to enable or accommodate Tribal 
activities on lands administered by the Forest Serv-
ice, including the exercise of Tribal Treaty, reserved, 
retained, or other similar rights. 
(m) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$50,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 
2030, to remain available until expended. 
(n) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) AGREEMENT.—The term ‘‘agreement’’ in-
cludes a contract, compact, or any other similar 
mechanism. 
(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term under section 102 
of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 
1994 (25 U.S.C. 5130). 
(3) INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE.—The term ‘‘in-
digenous knowledge’’ includes, with respect to bio-
logical, physical, social, cultural, or spiritual phe-
nomena, a body of observations, oral knowledge, 
written knowledge, innovations, practices, and beliefs 
developed by an Indian Tribe and members of the 
Indian Tribe through experience and interactions 
with the environment. 
(4) NATIONAL
FOREST
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘‘National Forest System’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 11(a) of the Forest and Range-
land Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 
U.S.C. 1609). 
(5) NATURAL DISASTER.—The term ‘‘natural 
disaster’’ includes— 
(A) a wildfire, hurricane, typhoon, tornado, 
excessive 
wind, 
hail, 
landslide, 
mudslide, 
drought, freeze, ice storm, snowstorm, blizzard, 
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excessive moisture, flood, earthquake, extreme 
temperature event, insect or pathogen infesta-
tion, and volcanic eruption or emission; and 
(B) any other natural hazard that result in 
severe property damage, death, or injury, as de-
termined by the Secretary. 
(6) 
RELEVANT
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘relevant Congressional Commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committees on Natural Resources 
and Agriculture of the House of Representa-
tives; and 
(B) the Committees on Indian Affairs, En-
ergy and Natural Resources, and Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate. 
(7) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the 
Chief of the Forest Service. 
(8) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
organization’’ means the recognized governing body 
of any Indian Tribe or any legally established orga-
nization of Indian Tribe members which is con-
trolled, sanctioned, or chartered by such governing 
body or which is democratically elected by the adult 
members of the Indian community to be served by 
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such organization and which includes the maximum 
participation of Indian Tribe members in all phases 
of its activities: Provided, That in any case where a 
contract is let or grant made to an organization to 
perform services benefitting more than one Indian 
Tribe, the approval of each such Indian Tribe shall 
be a prerequisite to the letting or making of such 
contract or grant. 
Æ 
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