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sion of this Act, or that such organotin or other substance 
or system regulated under the Convention has been or is 
intended to be manufactured, distributed, sold, or used in 
violation of this Act, the Administrator may issue a stop 
manufacture, sale, use, or removal order to any person 
that owns, controls, or has custody of such organotin or 
other substance or system regulated under the Convention. 
After receipt of that order the person may not manufac-
ture, sell, distribute, use, or remove the organotin or other 
substance or system regulated under the Convention de-
scribed in the order except in accordance with the order. 
SEC. 304. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY OF THE ADMINIS-
TRATOR. 
The Administrator, in consultation with the Sec-
retary, may establish, as necessary, terms and conditions 
regarding the removal and disposal of antifouling systems 
prohibited or restricted under this Act. 
TITLE IV—ACTION ON VIOLA-
TION, PENALTIES, AND RE-
FERRALS 
SEC. 401. CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT. 
Any person who knowingly violates paragraph (2), 
(3), (4), or (5) of section 301(a) or section 301(b) shall 
be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned 
not more than 6 years, or both. 
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SEC. 402. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) CIVIL PENALTY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Any person who is found by 
the Secretary or the Administrator, as appropriate, 
after notice and an opportunity for a hearing, to 
have— 
(A) violated the Convention, this Act, or 
any regulation prescribed under this Act is lia-
ble to the United States Government for a civil 
penalty of not more than $37,500 for each vio-
lation; or 
(B) made a false, fictitious, or fraudulent 
statement or representation in any matter in 
which a statement or representation is required 
to be made to the Secretary under the Conven-
tion, this Act, or any regulations prescribed 
under this Act, is liable to the United States for 
a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for 
each such statement or representation. 
(2) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW.—This sub-
section shall not limit or affect the authority of the 
Government under section 1001 of title 18, United 
States Code. 
(b) ASSESSMENT OF PENALTY.—The amount of the 
civil penalty shall be assessed by the Secretary or Adminis-
trator, as appropriate, by written notice. 
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(c) LIMITATION
FOR RECREATIONAL VESSEL.—A 
civil penalty imposed under subsection (a) against the 
owner or operator of a recreational vessel, as that term 
is defined in section 2101 of title 46, United States Code, 
for a violation of the Convention, this Act, or any regula-
tion prescribed under this Act involving that recreational 
vessel, may not exceed $5,000 for each violation. 
(d) DETERMINATION OF PENALTY.—For purposes of 
penalties under this section, each day of a continuing vio-
lation constitutes a separate violation. In determining the 
amount of the penalty, the Secretary or Administrator 
shall take into account the nature, circumstances, extent, 
and gravity of the prohibited acts committed and, with re-
spect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history 
of prior offenses, the economic impact of the penalty on 
the violator, the economic benefit to the violator and other 
matters as justice may require. 
(e) REWARD.—An amount equal to not more than 
one-half of any civil penalty assessed by the Secretary or 
Administrator under this section may, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, be paid by the Secretary or Ad-
ministrator, respectively, to any person who provided in-
formation that led to the assessment or imposition of the 
penalty. 
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(f) REFERRAL TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—If any per-
son fails to pay a civil penalty assessed under this section 
after it has become final, or comply with an order issued 
under this Act, the Secretary or Administrator, as appro-
priate, may refer the matter to the Attorney General of 
the United States for collection in any appropriate district 
court of the United States. 
(g) COMPROMISE, MODIFICATION, OR REMISSION.— 
Before referring any civil penalty that is subject to assess-
ment or has been assessed under this section to the Attor-
ney General, the Secretary, or Administrator, as appro-
priate, may compromise, modify, or remit, with or without 
conditions, the civil penalty. 
(h) NONPAYMENT PENALTY.—Any person who fails 
to pay on a timely basis a civil penalty assessed under 
this section shall also be liable to the United States for 
interest on the penalty at an annual rate equal to 11 per-
cent compounded quarterly, attorney fees and costs for 
collection proceedings, and a quarterly nonpayment pen-
alty for each quarter during which such failure to pay per-
sists. That nonpayment penalty shall be in an amount 
equal to 20 percent of the aggregate amount of that per-
son’s penalties and nonpayment penalties that are unpaid 
as of the beginning of that quarter. 
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SEC. 403. LIABILITY IN REM. 
A vessel operated in violation of the Convention, this 
Act, or any regulation prescribed under this Act, is liable 
in rem for any fine imposed under section 18, United 
States Code, or civil penalty assessed pursuant to section 
402, and may be proceeded against in the United States 
district court of any district in which the vessel may be 
found. 
SEC. 404. VESSEL CLEARANCE OR PERMITS; REFUSAL OR 
REVOCATION; BOND OR OTHER SURETY. 
If any vessel that is subject to the Convention or this 
Act, or its owner, operator, or person in charge, is liable 
for a fine or civil penalty under section 402 or 403, or 
if reasonable cause exists to believe that the vessel, its 
owner, operator, or person in charge may be subject to 
a fine or civil penalty under section 402 or 403, the Sec-
retary may refuse or revoke the clearance required by sec-
tion 60105 of title 46, United States Code. Clearance may 
be granted upon the filing of a bond or other surety satis-
faction to the Secretary. 
SEC. 405. WARNINGS, DETENTIONS, DISMISSALS, EXCLU-
SION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—If a vessel is detected to be in vio-
lation of the Convention, this Act, or any regulation pre-
scribed under this Act, the Secretary may warn, detain, 
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dismiss, or exclude the vessel from any port or offshore 
terminal under the jurisdiction of the United States. 
(b) NOTIFICATIONS.—If action is taken under sub-
section (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Sec-
retary of State, shall make the notifications required by 
the Convention. 
SEC. 406. REFERRALS FOR APPROPRIATE ACTION BY FOR-
EIGN COUNTRY. 
Notwithstanding sections 401, 402, 403, and 405, if 
a violation of the Convention is committed by a vessel reg-
istered in or of the nationality of a country that is a party 
to the Convention, or by a vessel operated under the au-
thority of a country that is a party to the Convention, 
the Secretary, acting in coordination with the Secretary 
of State, may refer the matter to the government of the 
country of the vessel’s registry or nationality, or under 
whose authority the vessel is operating, for appropriate ac-
tion, rather than taking the actions otherwise required or 
authorized by this title. 
SEC. 407. REMEDIES NOT AFFECTED. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Nothing in this Act limits, denies, 
amends, modifies, or repeals any other remedy available 
to the United States. 
(b) RELATIONSHIP TO STATE AND LOCAL LAW.— 
Nothing in this Act limits, denies, amends, modifies, or 
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