I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2886 
To direct the Secretary of Transportation to establish an Automated and 
Connected Vehicle Research Initiative, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 25, 2015 
Mr. LIPINSKI introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Com-
mittee on Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subse-
quently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To direct the Secretary of Transportation to establish an 
Automated and Connected Vehicle Research Initiative, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Future Transportation 
Research and Innovation for Prosperity Act’’ or the ‘‘Fu-
ture TRIP Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. AUTOMATED AND CONNECTED VEHICLE RESEARCH 
INITIATIVE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Transportation 
shall establish an Automated and Connected Vehicle Re-
search Initiative to lay the foundation for the broad scale 
adoption of automated vehicle technology. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out the Initiative 
established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall con-
sult with— 
(1) the National Highway Traffic Safety Ad-
ministration; 
(2) the Federal Highway Administration; 
(3) the Federal Transit Administration; 
(4) the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Adminis-
tration; 
(5) the Federal Railroad Administration; 
(6) the Department of Energy; 
(7) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
(8) the National Science Foundation; 
(9) the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
of the White House; and 
(10) other relevant agencies. 
(c) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In carrying out the Initia-
tive under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
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(1) conduct collaborative research with private 
industry and industry associations, other Federal 
agencies, State and local agencies, university re-
search centers, a national transportation center se-
lected under Section 5505(c)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, and national labs; and 
(2) establish automated and connected vehicle 
technology corridors and related pilot programs. 
(d) RESEARCH AGENDA.—The Secretary, in con-
sultation with interested parties, shall establish a research 
agenda for the research conducted under subsection (c)(1) 
and programs under subsection (c)(2) that, at a minimum, 
include— 
(1) quantifying the benefits of advanced safety 
and vehicle connectivity technologies, including vehi-
cle-to-vehicle communication technologies and vehi-
cle-to-infrastructure communication technologies, ad-
vanced driver assistance systems, shared-use serv-
ices, and other connected and automated vehicle 
technologies and services, on— 
(A) transportation system performance 
categories including highway fatalities and inju-
ries separately for motorized and for non-
motorized modes; 
(B) traffic congestion; 
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(C) freight movement; 
(D) fuel economy and harmful emissions; 
and 
(E) vehicle miles traveled; and 
(2) providing deployment guidance, including 
for— 
(A) the reduction of pedestrian, bicycle, 
and motorcycle fatalities and injuries; 
(B) considerations for existing Federal, 
State, and local regulations and legal frame-
works; 
(C) information technology systems and 
management, including the sharing of public 
agency traffic information, work zone informa-
tion, and other transportation data to stimulate 
innovative new services and products for en-
hancing safety, fuel efficiency, and quality of 
life; 
(D) funding mechanisms and business 
models; 
(E) mobility for the elderly, disabled, and 
economically disadvantaged; 
(F) transit systems; 
(G) cyber-physical security; 
(H) human factors; and 
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(I) intercity and interjurisdictional applica-
tions and challenges. 
(e) COORDINATION OF RESEARCH.—In conducting 
the research under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary shall 
coordinate with representatives from the Federal Commu-
nications Commission, the Alliance of Automobile Manu-
facturers, and the Intelligent Transportation Society of 
America regarding viable spectrum-sharing technologies 
that could enable the safe operation of unlicensed devices 
in the 5850–5925 MHz band (in this section, referred to 
as the 5.9 GHz band) without interfering with safety-of- 
life vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies and ve-
hicle-to-infrastructure communication technologies. 
(f) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a public report 
identifying any potential signal interference risks that may 
exist between unlicensed Wi-Fi devices operating in the 
5.9 GHz band. 
(g) LETTER.—Not later than 1 year after the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary shall send a letter to the 
Federal Communications Commission, the Committee on 
Environment and Public Works of the Senate, the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastruc-
ture of the House of Representatives, and the Committee 
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on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives 
that contains an explanation of the risks and a determina-
tion on whether unlicensed Wi-Fi devices can safely oper-
ate in the 5.9 GHz band without creating signal interfere 
that could jeopardize or delay the deployment of an effec-
tive and reliable vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infra-
structure safety-of-life communications system. 
(h) 
INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS 
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CENTER.—The Secretary shall 
establish a competitively selected Intelligent Transpor-
tation Systems Science & Technology Center that— 
(1) draws on the expertise of researchers from 
multiple domains to develop intelligent systems capa-
ble of perceiving and physically interacting with 
their environment; 
(2) develops methods for extending operator ef-
ficiency and safety through machine interaction; 
(3) trains the next generation of the transpor-
tation workforce in the cross-disciplinary fields of ro-
botics, machine learning, cybersecurity, and engi-
neering; 
(4) expands standards, codes, and processes to 
leverage a new generation of intelligent machines; 
and 
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(5) engages in real-world technology deploy-
ments and evaluations. 
(i) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of 
the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and In-
frastructure, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives, and make available on the 
Internet website of the Department of Transportation, a 
report that— 
(1) assesses the organizational readiness of the 
Department to address connected and automated ve-
hicle technology challenges; 
(2) assesses the status of connected and auto-
mated transportation technology, applications, and 
policies developed by public and private entities in 
the United States and internationally; 
(3) defines recommended implementation paths 
for connected and automated transportation tech-
nology, applications, and policies that are based on 
the analysis described in paragraph (1), and the re-
sults of paragraphs (1) through (3); and 
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(4) includes guidance on the relationship of the 
proposed deployment of connected and automated 
vehicles to the national architecture and standards 
and protocols required under section 517 of title 23, 
United States Code, that— 
(A) is based on cyber-physical security and 
privacy; and 
(B) examines the interaction with other 
cyber-physical systems. 
(j) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary may enter into agreements with, and seek input 
from, the National Research Council, the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology, the National Science 
Foundation, and the Department of Energy, and shall 
seek input from ITS America, the American Association 
of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and indus-
try stakeholders, including nonprofit advocacy groups. 
(k) REPORT REVIEW.—The Secretary may enter into 
agreements with the National Research Council for the re-
view of the report described in subsection (i). 
(l) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
VEHICLE-TO-VEHICLE
COMMUNICATION 
TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘‘vehicle-to-vehicle commu-
nication technology’’ means a technology that allows 
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wireless communication of data between vehicles, in-
cluding dedicated short range communication. 
(2) VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNICA-
TION
TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘‘vehicle-to-infra-
structure communication technology’’ means a tech-
nology that allows wireless communication of data 
between vehicles and infrastructure, including dedi-
cated short range communication. 
(3) ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM.— 
The term ‘‘advanced driver assistance system’’ 
means a system developed to automate, adapt, or en-
hance vehicle systems for safer driving and improved 
functionality. 
(4) SHARED-USE SERVICE.—The term ‘‘shared- 
use service’’ means a service that shares transpor-
tation resources between users. 
SEC. 3. UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION CENTERS PRO-
GRAM. 
Section 5505 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) 
in 
subsection 
(a)(2)(B) 
by 
inserting 
‘‘multimodal’’ before ‘‘transportation knowledge’’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
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(A) by striking paragraph (2) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(2) RESTRICTION.— 
‘‘(A) LIMITATION.—A nonprofit institution 
of higher education or the lead institution of a 
consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher 
education, as applicable, may only submit one 
grant application per fiscal year for each of the 
transportation centers described under para-
graphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c). 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION FOR CONSORTIUM MEM-
BERS THAT ARE NOT LEAD INSTITUTIONS.— 
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a non-
profit institution of higher education that is a 
member of a consortium of nonprofit institu-
tions of higher education but not the lead insti-
tution of such consortium.’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (4)(B)(iii) by inserting 
‘‘multimodal’’ 
before 
‘‘transportation 
prob-
lems’’; and 
(3) in subsection (c)(4) by striking subpara-
graph (B) and redesignating accordingly. 
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SEC. 4. OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY 
WORKING GROUP. 
The Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy shall, to improve the scientific pursuit and research 
procedures of the Department of Transportation— 
(1) convene an interagency working group to 
assist the Department of Transportation in— 
(A) implementing appropriate protocols for 
the management of research programs; 
(B) developing and implementing effective 
technology transfer methods; 
(C) effectively operating intermural re-
search programs, including university transpor-
tation centers; 
(D) implementing a strategic research and 
development plan and national research frame-
work; and 
(E) identifying appropriate research prior-
ities; 
(2) develop procedures to allow the Secretary of 
Transportation to solicit the support of and identify 
opportunities to collaborate with other Federal re-
search agencies, national laboratories, and personnel 
to assist in the effective and efficient pursuit and 
resolution of research challenges identified by the 
Secretary; and 
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(3) submit to Congress, not later than 15 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, a re-
port about the effectiveness, adherence to standards 
and protocols, interagency collaboration, and areas 
of improvement of Department of Transportation 
and Governmentwide research on transportation-ori-
ented needs. 
SEC. 5. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND 
DEPLOYMENT AMENDMENTS. 
(a) ACCELERATED
INNOVATION
DEPLOYMENT.— 
Section 503(c)(2)(B) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking clause (i) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(i) establish and carry out dem-
onstration programs and workshops to pro-
mote innovations and convene strategic 
groups of individuals influential in innova-
tion adoption processes;’’; 
(2) in clause (ii) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(3) in clause (iii) by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iv) provide assistance in establishing 
regional, State, and local technology needs, 
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such as through frameworks developed in 
the National Cooperative Highway Re-
search Program Report 750.’’. 
(b) REAUTHORIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNO-
VATION DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM.—Section 503(c)(3)(C) 
of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking 
‘‘2013 through 2014’’ and inserting ‘‘2016 through 
2021’’. 
SEC. 6. STATE PLANNING AND RESEARCH ADDITIONAL 
PURPOSES. 
Section 505(a) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) Travel for research and technology pur-
poses, including workshops, conferences, and dem-
onstrations. 
‘‘(9) Activities and training related to devel-
oping a culture of innovation and improving organi-
zational readiness for adoption of innovative tech-
nologies, such as award programs recognizing inno-
vative individuals.’’. 
SEC. 7. BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS. 
(a) TRAVEL DATA INITIATIVE.—The Director of the 
Bureau of Transportation Statistics shall establish a Trav-
el Data Initiative to expand the existing collection of pas-
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senger travel data by addressing the most critical gaps in 
our knowledge and understanding of passenger travel. 
(b) ADVICE.—To identify critical gaps in knowledge 
and data collection approaches, the Director shall seek ad-
vice from— 
(1) Department of Transportation advisory 
committees; 
(2) the Advisory Committee on Supply Chain 
Competitiveness of the Department of Commerce; 
and 
(3) the Transportation Research Board of the 
National Academies. 
(c) PILOT PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director, in coordi-
nation with the Office of Freight Management and 
Operations of the Federal Highway Administration, 
shall establish a pilot program to evaluate freight 
fluidity measures. 
(2) GOALS.—In carrying out the program, the 
Director shall— 
(A) collect, analyze, and present freight 
data in a timely and comprehensive manner; 
(B) establish reporting methods that work 
between States and internationally; and 
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(C) present data with the greatest level of 
geographic detail that do not compromise con-
fidentiality or statistical reliability. 
(3) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT.—The Direc-
tor, in coordination with the Department of Com-
merce and the freight industry, shall define require-
ments for the pilot program. 
(d) ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY.—Section 6302 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(d) DECISIONMAKING AUTHORITY.—To ensure on-
going objectivity of the products of the Director, the Di-
rector has sole decisionmaking authority in the collection, 
analysis, and publication of data and statistics for the Bu-
reau to fulfill the purposes of this section, in accordance 
with Statistical Policy Directive #1 and Statistical Policy 
Directive #4 of the Office of Management and Budget. 
‘‘(e) BUDGET ALLOCATION AUTHORITY.—The Direc-
tor shall have final authority for the disposition and allo-
cation of the authorized budget of the Bureau to enable 
fulfillment of the purposes of this section, including all hir-
ing, grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts award-
ed by the Bureau, including the disposition and allocation 
of funds paid to the Bureau for cost-reimbursable projects. 
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‘‘(f) TRANSPORTATION
PERFORMANCE
MANAGE-
MENT DATA PROGRAM.—To support States and metro-
politan planning organizations in carrying out the per-
formance management requirements of section 150 of title 
23, the Director shall coordinate with other modal admin-
istrations to create and maintain data sets and data anal-
ysis tools for all performance measures, including— 
‘‘(1) transportation system resilience; 
‘‘(2) multimodal freight connectivity; and 
‘‘(3) improved data collection and analysis tools 
to accommodate performance measures, targets, and 
related data. 
‘‘(g) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DECISIONS.—Not-
withstanding any other provision of law, the provisions of 
section 11319 of title 40 shall not apply to the Bureau 
of Transportation Statistics.’’. 
SEC. 8. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT TRANSPOR-
TATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 5 of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 508 the 
following: 
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‘‘SEC. 509. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT TRANSPOR-
TATION RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish and support a national cooperative freight transpor-
tation research program. 
‘‘(b) AGREEMENT.—The Secretary shall enter into an 
agreement with the Transportation Research Board of the 
National Research Council of the National Academies to 
support and carry out administrative and management ac-
tivities relating to the governance of the national coopera-
tive freight transportation research program. 
‘‘(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The National Acad-
emies shall select an advisory committee consisting of a 
representative cross-section of freight stakeholders, includ-
ing the Department of Transportation, other Federal 
agencies, State transportation departments, local govern-
ments, nonprofit entities, academia, the private sector, 
nonprofit entities, trade associations, transportation coali-
tions, and other interested parties. 
‘‘(d) 
GOVERNANCE.—The 
national 
cooperative 
freight transportation research program established under 
this section shall include the following administrative and 
management elements: 
‘‘(1) NATIONAL RESEARCH AGENDA.—The advi-
sory committee, in consultation with interested par-
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ties, shall recommend a national research agenda for 
the program. The agenda shall— 
‘‘(A) include an emphasis on the safe and 
efficient transportation and handling of haz-
ardous materials by all modes of transportation; 
‘‘(B) include a multiyear strategic plan, 
recognizing freight research themes and needs 
identified by the National Freight Advisory 
Committee established to implement the freight 
transportation requirements of the MAP–21 
and needs identified by the Advisory Committee 
on Supply Chain Competitiveness of the De-
partment of Commerce; 
‘‘(C) be coordinated with the activities, 
plans, and reports required by sections 5304 
and 5305 of title 49, United States Code; and 
‘‘(D) be coordinated with the activities, 
plans, and reports required by section 508 of 
title 23, United States Code. 
‘‘(2) INVOLVEMENT.—Interested parties may— 
‘‘(A) submit research proposals to the advi-
sory committee; 
‘‘(B) participate in merit reviews of re-
search proposals and peer reviews of research 
products; and 
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‘‘(C) receive research results. 
‘‘(3) OPEN COMPETITION AND PEER REVIEW OF 
RESEARCH
PROPOSALS.—The National Academies 
may award research contracts and grants under the 
program through open competition and merit review 
conducted on a regular basis. 
‘‘(4) RESEARCH COORDINATION.—The National 
Academies shall ensure that research contracts and 
grants awarded under this section are not duplica-
tive with research conducted under other cooperative 
transportation research programs governed by the 
National Academies, nor with research conducted by 
the Department of Transportation or any other Fed-
eral, State, or local agency. 
‘‘(5) EVALUATION OF RESEARCH.— 
‘‘(A) PEER REVIEW.—Research contracts 
and grants under the program may allow peer 
review of the research results. 
‘‘(B) PROGRAMMATIC EVALUATIONS.—The 
National Academies may conduct periodic pro-
grammatic evaluations on a regular basis of re-
search contracts and grants. 
‘‘(6) DISSEMINATION
OF
RESEARCH
FIND-
INGS.—The National Academies shall disseminate 
research findings to researchers, practitioners, and 
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decisionmakers, through conferences and seminars, 
field demonstrations, workshops, training programs, 
presentations, testimony to government officials, the 
Internet, publications for the general public, collabo-
ration with the National Transportation Library, 
and other appropriate means. 
‘‘(e) CONTENTS.—The national research agenda re-
quired under subsection (d)(1) shall at a minimum include 
research in the following areas: 
‘‘(1) Techniques for measuring, estimating, and 
quantifying public benefits derived from freight 
transportation projects. 
‘‘(2) Alternative approaches to calculating the 
contribution of truck and rail traffic to congestion 
on specific highway segments. 
‘‘(3) The feasibility of consolidating origins and 
destinations for freight movement. 
‘‘(4) Methods for incorporating estimates of do-
mestic and international trade entering via all mode 
points of entry into landside transportation plan-
ning. 
‘‘(5) The use of technology applications, includ-
ing to intelligent transportation systems applica-
tions, to increase capacity of highway lanes dedi-
cated to truck-only traffic. 
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‘‘(6) Development of physical and policy alter-
natives for separating car and truck traffic. 
‘‘(7) Means of synchronizing infrastructure im-
provement projects with freight transportation de-
mand projections. 
‘‘(8) The effect of changing patterns of freight 
movement on transportation planning decisions, in-
cluding accessible private and public commercial ve-
hicle parking and truck-rail crossings. 
‘‘(9) Methods for collecting and sharing robust 
and timely freight data by all modes to inform 
transportation planning and operations at the local, 
regional and State levels. 
‘‘(10) Methods to gain local acceptance of 
freight development, expansion and growth along ex-
isting corridors, terminals and ports. 
‘‘(11) Workforce development programs to at-
tract more students and the next generation of 
workers to transportation planning, engineering and 
operation carriers to improve freight mobility. 
‘‘(12) Collaboration across multiple jurisdictions 
and between public and private sector funding part-
ners to develop, maintain and invest in transpor-
tation improvements. 
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‘‘(13) Impact of the development and transport 
of new sources of energy on the freight network ca-
pacity and performance, as well as the potential for 
synergistic development of new transportation infra-
structure with distribution of energy. 
‘‘(14) Funding and financing alternatives for 
multimodal freight infrastructure development, as 
well as the cost of inaction on infrastructure needs 
to system users. 
‘‘(15) Other research areas to identify and ad-
dress emerging and future research needs related to 
freight transportation by all modes. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of 
the cost of an activity carried out under this section 
shall be up to 100 percent. 
‘‘(2) USE OF NON-FEDERAL FUNDS.—In addi-
tion to using funds authorized for this section, the 
National Academies may seek and accept additional 
funding sources from public and private entities ca-
pable of accepting funding from the Department of 
Transportation, States, local governments, nonprofit 
foundations, and the private sector. 
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‘‘(3) 
PERIOD
OF
AVAILABILITY.—Amounts 
made available to carry out this section shall remain 
available until expended.’’; and 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for 
such chapter is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to section 508 the following new item: 
‘‘509. National cooperative freight transportation research program.’’. 
SEC. 9. COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING PRODUCTS AND 
SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES. 
Section 5506 of SAFETEA–LU (23 U.S.C. 502 
note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘multimodal’’ after ‘‘na-
tional’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘construction’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘safety’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)(1)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘multimodal’’ after ‘‘in 
national’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘construction’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘safety’’; 
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(c) COOPERATION.—The Secretary shall carry out 
this section in cooperation with— 
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‘‘(1) the activities at the test ranges established 
under section 332 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note); and 
‘‘(2) the Center of Excellence for Unmanned 
Aerial Systems of the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d) by striking ‘‘2006 through 
2009’’ and inserting ‘‘2016 through 2021’’. 
SEC. 10. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
STRATEGIC PLANNING. 
Section 508(a) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘the Transpor-
tation Research and Innovative Technology Act of 
2012’’ and inserting ‘‘the Future TRIP Act’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (3)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B) by striking ‘‘and’’ 
at the end; 
(B) in subparagraph (C) by striking the 
period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(D) provides an outcome-based assess-
ment of previous strategic plans; 
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‘‘(E) includes a description of current, 
planned, and strategic future collaborations 
within the Department, with other Federal 
agencies, and with international entities; and 
‘‘(F) includes an evaluation of the value of 
research, development, and technology to the 
nation and the Department’s strategic goals.’’. 
SEC. 11. CENTERS FOR SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EXCEL-
LENCE. 
Section 504(h) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘The Sec-
retary’’ and inserting ‘‘Not later than 6 months 
after the date of enactment of the Future TRIP Act, 
the Secretary’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2) by striking ‘‘and project fi-
nance’’ and inserting ‘‘project finance, and intel-
ligent transportation systems’’. 
Æ 
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