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mitments under the ‘‘Declaration on the Strategic
Partnership and Cooperation Framework Between the
Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States of
America’’, including respect for human rights, estab-
lishing a genuine multi-party system, and ensuring
free and fair elections, freedom of expression, and the
independence of the media; and
(2) a credible international investigation of the
May 13, 2005, shootings in Andijan is underway
with the support of the Government of Uzbekistan.
(b) SANCTIONS.—Not later than 90 days after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall send
to the appropriate congressional committees a list of offi-
cials of the Government of Uzbekistan and their immediate
family members who the Secretary has credible evidence to
believe have been involved in the Andijan massacre or in
other gross violations of human rights in Uzbekistan;
(c) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—Not later than 10
days after the list described in subsection (b) is submitted
to the appropriate congressional committees, the following
sanctions shall apply:
(1) Any individual on the list submitted under
subsection (b) shall be ineligible for a visa to enter the
United States.
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(2) No property or interest in property belonging
to an individual on the list submitted under sub-
section (b), or to a member of the immediate family
of such individual if the property is effectively under
the control of such individual, may be transferred,
paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt with, if
the property is within the United States or within the
possession or control of a United States person, in-
cluding the overseas branch of such person, or after
the date of the enactment of this Act comes within the
control of such person.
(3) No United States person may engage in fi-
nancial transactions with an individual on the list
submitted under subsection (b), or with a member of
the immediate family of such individual if the trans-
action will benefit an individual on the list submitted
under subsection (b).
(c) FREEZING OF ASSETS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Treasury
shall immediately block any assets, property, trans-
actions in foreign exchange, currency, or securities,
and transfers of credit or payments between, by,
through, or to any banking institution under the ju-
risdiction of the United States of an individual iden-
tified under subsection (b) of this section.
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(2) REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—Not later than
15 days after a decision to freeze the assets identified
in this subsection of any individual identified under
subsection (b), the Secretary of the Treasury shall—
(A) report the name of such individual to
the Committees on Appropriations; and
(B) require any United States financial in-
stitution holding such funds or assets to prompt-
ly report those funds and assets to the Office of
Foreign Assets Control.
CENTRAL ASIA
SEC. 678. (a) Funds appropriated by this Act may
be made available for assistance for the Government of
Kazakhstan only if the Secretary of State determines and
reports to the Committees on Appropriations that the Gov-
ernment of Kazakhstan has made significant improvements
in the protection of human rights during the preceding 6
month period.
(b) The Secretary of State may waive subsection (a)
if the Secretary determines and reports to the Committees
on Appropriations that such a waiver is important to the
national security of the United States.
(c) Not later than October 1, 2008, the Secretary of
State shall submit a report to the Committees on Appro-
priations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
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Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House
of Representatives describing the following:
(1) The defense articles, defense services, and fi-
nancial assistance provided by the United States to
the countries of Central Asia during the 12-month pe-
riod ending 30 days prior to submission of such re-
port.
(2) The use during such period of defense arti-
cles, defense services, and financial assistance pro-
vided by the United States by units of the armed
forces, border guards, or other security forces of such
countries.
(d) For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘countries
of Central Asia’’ means Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz
Republic, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
DISABILITY PROGRAMS
SEC. 679. (a) Of the funds appropriated by this Act
under the heading ‘‘Economic Support Fund’’, not less than
$4,000,000 shall be made available for programs and activi-
ties administered by the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development (USAID) to address the needs and
protect the rights of people with disabilities in developing
countries, of which $1,500,000 should be made available to
disability advocacy organizations that have expertise in
working to protect the rights and increasing the independ-
ence and full participation of people with disabilities: Pro-
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vided, That funds for disability advocacy organizations
should be used for training and technical assistance for for-
eign disabled persons organizations in such areas as advo-
cacy, education, independent living, and transportation,
with the goal of promoting equal participation of people
with disabilities in developing countries: Provided further,
That USAID should seek to disburse at lease 25 percent of
the funds made available pursuant to this subsection in the
form of small grants.
(b) Funds appropriated under the heading ‘‘Operating
Expenses of the United States Agency for International De-
velopment’’ shall be made available to develop and imple-
ment training for staff in overseas USAID missions to pro-
mote the full inclusion and equal participation of people
with disabilities in developing countries.
(c) The Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, and the Administrator of USAID shall seek to ensure
that, where appropriate, construction projects funded by
this Act are accessible to people with disabilities and in
compliance with the USAID Policy on Standards for Acces-
sibility for the Disabled, or other similar accessibility
standards.
(d) Of the funds made available pursuant to subsection
(a), not more than 7 percent may be for management, over-
sight and technical support.
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(e) Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment
of this Act, and 180 days thereafter, the Administrator of
USAID shall submit a report describing the programs, ac-
tivities, and organizations funded pursuant to this section.
NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
SEC. 680. Of the funds appropriated under the heading
‘‘Global Health Programs’’, not less than $15,000,000 shall
be made available for continued support of the United
States Agency for International Development’s cooperative
agreement to implement an integrated response to the con-
trol of neglected diseases including intestinal parasites,
schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, tra-
choma and leprosy: Provided, That the Administrator of the
United States Agency for International Development shall
work with relevant technical organizations addressing the
specific diseases, recipient countries, donor countries, the
private sector, UNICEF and the World Health Organiza-
tion to develop a multilateral, integrated initiative to con-
trol these diseases that will enhance coordination and effec-
tiveness and maximize the leverage of United States con-
tributions with those of other donors: Provided further, That
funds made available pursuant to this section shall be sub-
ject to the regular notification procedures of the Committees
on Appropriations.
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ORPHANS, DISPLACED AND ABANDONED CHILDREN
SEC. 681. Of the funds appropriated under title III
of this Act, $3,000,000 should be made available for activi-
ties to improve the capacity of foreign government agencies
and nongovernmental organizations to prevent child aban-
donment, address the needs of orphans, displaced and aban-
doned children and provide permanent homes through fam-
ily reunification, guardianship and domestic adoptions:
Provided, That funds made available under title III of this
Act should be made available, as appropriate, consistent
with—
(1) the goal of enabling children to remain in the
care of their family of origin, but when not possible,
placing children in permanent homes through adop-
tion;
(2) the principle that such placements should be
based on informed consent which has not been in-
duced by payment or compensation;
(3) the view that long-term foster care or institu-
tionalization are not permanent options and should
be used when no other suitable permanent options are
available; and
(4) the recognition that programs that protect
and support families can reduce the abandonment
and exploitation of children.
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COORDINATOR OF ACTIVITIES RELATING TO INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES INTERNATIONALLY
SEC. 682. (a) COORDINATOR.—After consultation with
the Committees on Appropriations and not later than 90
days after the enactment of this Act, there shall be estab-
lished within the Department of State in the immediate of-
fice of the Director of United States Foreign Assistance a
Coordinator of Activities Relating to Indigenous Peoples
Internationally (hereinafter in this section referred to as
the ‘‘Coordinator’’), who shall be appointed by the Director.
The Coordinator shall report directly to the Director.
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Coordinator shall:
(1) Serve as a principal advisor to the Director
of United States Foreign Assistance and the Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International
Development on matters relating to the rights and
needs of indigenous peoples internationally and
should represent the United States Government on
such matters in meetings with foreign governments
and multilateral institutions.
(2) Provide for the oversight and coordination of
all resources, programs, projects, and activities of the
United States Government to protect the rights and
address the needs of indigenous peoples internation-
ally; and
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(3) Develop and coordinate assistance strategies
with specific goals, guidelines, benchmarks, and im-
pact assessments (including support for local indige-
nous peoples’ organizations).
(c) FUNDS.—Of the funds appropriated by this Act
under the heading ‘‘Diplomatic and Consular Programs’’,
not less than $250,000 shall be made available for imple-
menting the provisions of this section.
(d) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the
Committees on Appropriations describing progress made in
implementing this section.
OVERSIGHT OF IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
SEC. 683. Subsection (o) of section 3001 of the Emer-
gency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for
the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004 (Public
Law 108–106; 117 Stat. 1234; 5 U.S.C. App. 3 section 8G
note), as amended by section 1054(b) of the John Warner
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007
(Public Law 109–364; 129 Stat. 2397), section 2 of the Iraq
Reconstruction Accountability Act of 2006 (Public Law
109–440), and section 3801 of the U.S. Troop Readiness,
Veterans’ Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability
Appropriations Act, 2007 (Public Law 110–28) is
amended—
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(1) in subsection (o)(1)(B) by striking ‘‘fiscal
year 2006 or fiscal year 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal
years 2006 through 2008’’. Section 1054 of Public
Law 109–364 is amended by striking ‘‘fiscal year
2006’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal years 2006 through
2008’’; and
(2) by adding at the end of such section the fol-
lowing subsection:
‘‘(p) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For the purposes of
carrying out the duties of the Inspector General, any United
States funds appropriated or otherwise made available for
fiscal years 2006 through 2008 for the reconstruction of
Iraq, irrespective of the designation of such funds, shall be
deemed to be amounts appropriated or otherwise made
available to the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund.’’.
DEMOBILIZATION AND DISARMAMENT IN COLOMBIA
SEC. 684. (a) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of the funds
appropriated in this Act, up to $12,000,000 may be made
available in fiscal year 2008 for assistance for the demobili-
zation and reintegration of former members of foreign ter-
rorist organizations (FTOs) in Colombia, if the Secretary
of State consults with and makes a certification described
in subsection (b) to the Committees on Appropriations prior
to the initial obligation of amounts for such assistance for
the fiscal year involved.
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(b) CERTIFICATION.—A certification described in this
subsection is a certification that—
(1) assistance for the fiscal year will be provided
only for individuals who have: (A) verifiably re-
nounced and terminated any affiliation or involve-
ment with FTOs or other illegal armed groups; (B)
are meeting all the requirements of the Colombia De-
mobilization Program, including having disclosed
their involvement in past crimes and their knowledge
of the FTO’s structure, financing sources, illegal as-
sets, and the location of kidnapping victims and bod-
ies of the disappeared; and (C) are not involved in
acts of intimidation or violence;
(2) the Government of Colombia is providing full
cooperation to the Government of the United States to
extradite the leaders and members of the FTOs who
have been indicted in the United States for murder,
kidnapping, narcotics trafficking, or other violations
of United States law, and is immediately extraditing
to the United States those commanders, leaders and
members indicted in the United States who have
breached the terms of the Colombia Demobilization
Program, including by failing to fully confess their
crimes, failing to disclose their illegal assets, or com-
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mitting new crimes since the approval of the Justice
and Peace Law;
(3) the Government of Colombia is not taking
any steps to legalize the titles of land or other assets
illegally obtained and held by FTOs, their associates,
or successors, has established effective procedures to
identify such land and other assets, and is confis-
cating and returning such land and other assets to
their rightful owners;
(4) the Government of Colombia is implementing
a concrete and workable framework for dismantling
the organizational structures of foreign terrorist orga-
nizations; and
(5) funds shall not be made available as cash
payments to individuals and are available only for
activities under the following categories: verification,
reintegration (including training and education), vet-
ting, recovery of assets for reparations for victims,
and investigations and prosecutions.
(c) NOTIFICATION.—Funds made available by this Act
for demobilization and reintegration of members of FTOs
shall be subject to the regular notification procedures of the
Committees on Appropriations.
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
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(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means—
(A) the Committee on Appropriations and
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House
of Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Appropriations and
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Sen-
ate.
(2) FOREIGN
TERRORIST
ORGANIZATION.—The
term ‘‘foreign terrorist organization’’ means an orga-
nization designated as a terrorist organization under
section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
INDONESIA
SEC. 685. Of the funds appropriated under the heading
‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’, $15,700,000 may
be made available for assistance for Indonesia, and an ad-
ditional $2,000,000 may be made available when the Sec-
retary of State reports to the Committees on Appropriations
that the Government of Indonesia has written plans to
effectively—
(1) provide accountability for past violations of
human rights by members of the Indonesian military;
(2) allow public access to West Papua; and
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(3) pursue the criminal investigation, and pro-
vide the projected timeframe for completing the inves-
tigation, of the murder of Munir Said Thalib.
ASSISTANCE FOR GUATEMALA
SEC. 686. (a) Funds appropriated by this Act under
the heading ‘‘International Military Education and Train-
ing’’ that are available for assistance for Guatemala, other
than for expanded international military education and
training, may be made available only for the Guatemalan
Air Force and Navy: Provided, That such funds may be
made available only if the Secretary of State certifies that
the Guatemalan Air Force and Navy are respecting human
rights and are cooperating with civilian judicial investiga-
tions and prosecutions of military personnel who have been
credibly alleged to have committed violations of human
rights.
(b) Of the funds appropriated by this Act under the
heading ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’, not more
than $500,000 may be made available for the Guatemalan
Air Force and Navy: Provided, That such funds may be
made available only if the Secretary of State certifies that
the Guatemalan Air Force and Navy are respecting human
rights and are cooperating with civilian judicial investiga-
tions and prosecutions of military personnel who have been
credibly alleged to have committed violations of human
rights, and the Guatemalan Armed Forces are fully cooper-
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ating with the International Commission Against Impu-
nity in Guatemala.
(c) Funds made available for assistance for Guatemala
under the headings referred to in this section shall be subject
to the regular notification procedures of the Committees on
Appropriations.
CHILD SOLDIERS
SEC. 687. (a) No military assistance shall be furnished
with funds appropriated by this Act and, during the cur-
rent fiscal year, no military equipment or technology shall
be sold or transferred pursuant to the authorities contained
in this Act or any other Act, to the government of a country
that is identified by the Department of State’s 2006 Coun-
try Reports on Human Rights Practices as having govern-
mental armed forces or government-supported armed
groups, including paramilitaries, militias, or civil defense
forces, forces that recruit or use child soldiers.
(b) The Secretary of State may provide assistance or
defense articles otherwise prohibited under subsection (a) to
a country upon certifying to the Committees on Appropria-
tions that the government of such country has implemented
effective measures to demobilize children from its forces or
from government-supported armed groups and prohibit and
prevent the future recruitment or use of child soldiers.
(c) The Secretary of State may waive the application
to a country of the prohibition in subsection (a) if the Sec-
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retary determines and reports to the Committees on Appro-
priations that such waiver is important to the national in-
terest of the United States.
PHILIPPINES
SEC. 688. Of the funds appropriated by this Act under
the heading ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’, not
to exceed $30,000,000 may be made available for assistance
for the Philippines, and an additional $2,000,000 may be
made available when the Secretary of State reports to the
Committees on Appropriations that—
(1) the Philippine Government is implementing
the recommendations of the United Nations Special
Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary
Executions;
(2) the Philippine Government is implementing
a policy of promoting military personnel who dem-
onstrate professionalism and respect for human
rights, and is investigating and prosecuting military
personnel and others who have been credibly alleged
to have committed extrajudicial executions or other
violations of human rights; and
(3) the Philippine military is not engaging in
acts of intimidation or violence against members of
legal organizations who advocate for human rights.
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PAKISTAN
SEC. 689. (a) Of the funds appropriated by this Act
under the heading ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’,
$300,000,000 may be made available for assistance for
Pakistan, unless the Secretary of State reports to the Com-
mittees on Appropriations that the Government of Pakistan
is not—
(1) making effective and consistent efforts to pre-
vent Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups from
operating in the territory of Pakistan, including by
eliminating terrorist training camps or facilities, ar-
resting members of Al Qaeda and associated terrorist
groups, and countering recruitment efforts;
(2) making effective and consistent efforts to pre-
vent the Taliban from using the territory of Pakistan
as a sanctuary from which to launch attacks within
Afghanistan, including by arresting Taliban leaders,
stopping cross-border incursions, and countering re-
cruitment efforts; and
(3) implementing democratic reforms, including
by—
(A) allowing free, fair and inclusive elec-
tions in accordance with internationally recog-
nized democratic norms;
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(B) ensuring freedom of expression and end-
ing harassment of journalists and government
critics by security and intelligence forces; and
(C) respecting the independence of the judi-
ciary and implementing judicial decisions.
(b) If the Secretary reports pursuant to subsection (a),
funds that are available for assistance for Pakistan pursu-
ant to this section which have not been made available may
be transferred to and merged with funds appropriated by
this Act under the heading ‘‘Economic Support Fund’’ and
used for basic education, health, micro-enterprise develop-
ment, and democracy programs in Pakistan.
SRI LANKA
SEC. 690. None of the funds appropriated by this Act
under the heading ‘‘Foreign Military Financing Program’’
may be made available for assistance for Sri Lanka, no
defense export license may be issued, and no military equip-
ment or technology shall be sold or transferred to Sri Lanka
pursuant to the authorities contained in this Act or any
other Act, unless the Secretary of State certifies and reports
to the Committees on Appropriations that—
(1) the Sri Lankan military is suspending and
the Sri Lankan Government is bringing to justice
members of the military who have been credibly al-
leged to have committed gross violations of human
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rights, including extrajudicial executions and the re-
cruitment of child soldiers;
(2) the Sri Lankan Government has provided
unimpeded access to humanitarian organizations and
journalists to Tamil areas of the country; and
(3) the Sri Lankan Government has agreed to
the establishment of a field presence of the Office of
the United Nations High Commissioner for Human
Rights in Sri Lanka.
PEACE CORPS SEPARATION PAY
SEC. 691. (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF FUND.—There is es-
tablished in the Treasury of the United States a fund for
the Peace Corps to provide separation pay for host country
resident personal services contractors of the Peace Corps.
(b) FUNDING.—The Director of the Peace Corps may
deposit in such fund—
(1) amounts previously obligated and not can-
celed for separation pay of host country resident per-
sonal services contractors of the Peace Corps; and
(2) amounts obligated for fiscal years after 2006
for the current and future costs of separation pay for
host country resident personal services contractors of
the Peace Corps.
(c) AVAILABILITY.—Beginning in fiscal year 2007 and
thereafter, amounts in the fund are available without fiscal
year limitation for severance, retirement, or other separa-
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tion payments to host country resident personal services
contractors of the Peace Corps in countries where such pay
is legally authorized.
MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS
SEC. 692. (a) INDEPENDENT AUDITING AND INSPEC-
TOR GENERAL.—The Secretary of the Treasury shall in-
struct the United States Executive Director to each multi-
lateral development bank to inform the bank of, and use
the voice and vote of the United States to achieve at the
bank, the following United States policy goals:
(1) 
Each 
multilateral 
development 
bank
should—
(A) establish an independent Office of In-
spector General, establish or strengthen an inde-
pendent auditing function at the bank, and re-
quire that the Inspector General and the audit-
ing function report directly to the board of direc-
tors of the bank; and
(B) adopt and implement an internation-
ally recognized internal controls framework, allo-
cate adequate staffing to auditing and super-
vision, require external audits of internal con-
trols, and external audits of loans where fraud is
suspected.
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(2) Each multilateral development bank should
establish effective procedures for the receipt, retention,
and treatment of—
(A) complaints received by the bank regard-
ing fraud, accounting, mismanagement, internal
accounting controls, or auditing matters; and
(B) the confidential, anonymous submis-
sion, particularly by employees of the bank, of
concerns regarding fraud, accounting, mis-
management, internal accounting controls, or
auditing matters.
(b) WORLD BANK INSPECTION PANEL.—The Secretary
of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive
Director to the World Bank to inform the Bank of, and use
the voice and vote of the United States to achieve trans-
parency reforms of the selection process for members of the
World Bank Inspection Panel, including—
(1) Widely circulating Inspection Panel position
vacancy announcements on the Inspection Panel’s
website and in appropriate publications;
(2) Notifying civil society organizations on the
Inspection Panel’s website and on other appropriate
World Bank websites and inviting nominations from
such groups;
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(3) Making public the schedule of the selection
process;
(4) Posting the list of nominees and applicants
on the Inspection Panel’s website; and
(5) Including a civil society representative on the
World Bank selection committee for the Inspection
Panel member.
(c) ANTI-CORRUPTION TRUST PILOT PROGRAM.—
(1) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of the Treasury
shall seek the creation of a pilot program that estab-
lishes an Anti-Corruption Trust at the World Bank,
the purposes of which should include—
(A) to assist poor countries in investiga-
tions and prosecutions of fraud and corruption
related to loans, grants, or credits of the World
Bank; and
(B) to determine whether such a program
should be carried out at other multilateral devel-
opment banks.
(2) POOR
COUNTRIES
DEFINED.—In this sub-
section, the term ‘‘poor countries’’ means countries el-
igible to borrow from the International Development
Association.
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after en-
actment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
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appropriate congressional committees a report detail-
ing the actions taken to establish the Anti-Corruption
Trust.
(c) AUTHORIZATIONS.—
(1) Section 501(i) of title V of H.R. 3425 as en-
acted into law by section 1000(a)(5) of Public law
106–113, as amended by section 591(b) of Division D
of Public Law 108–447, is further amended by strik-
ing ‘‘fiscal’’ and all that follows through ‘‘which’’ and
inserting in lieu thereof ‘‘fiscal years 2000–2010,
which’’.
(2) Section 801(b)(1)(ii) of Public Law 106–429,
as amended by section 591(a)(2) of Division D of
Public law 108–447, is further amended by striking
‘‘fiscal years 2004–2006’’ and by inserting in lieu
thereof ‘‘fiscal years 2004–2010.’’.
MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION
SEC. 693. Section 607(b) of the Millennium Challenge
Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7706) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2)(B) by striking ‘‘and the
sustainable management of natural resources’’;
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking
‘‘and’’;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the
period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
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(C) by adding the following subparagraph:
‘‘(C) promote the protection of biodiversity
and the transparent and sustainable manage-
ment and use of natural resources.’’.
MATERIAL SUPPORT
RELIEF FOR IRAQI, MONTAGNARDS, HMONG AND OTHER
REFUGEES WHO DO NOT POSE A THREAT TO THE
UNITED STATES
SEC. 694. (a) AMENDMENT TO AUTHORITY TO DETER-
MINE THE BAR TO ADMISSION INAPPLICABLE.—Section
212(d)(3)(B)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1182(d)(3)(B)(i)) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘The Secretary of State, after consultation with the At-
torney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security,
or the Secretary of Homeland Security, after consultation
with the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, may
determine in such Secretary’s sole unreviewable discretion
that subsection (a)(3)(B) shall not apply with respect to
an alien within the scope of that subsection or that sub-
section (a)(3)(B)(vi)(III) shall not apply to a group within
the scope of that subsection, except that no such waiver may
be extended to an alien who is within the scope of subsection
(a)(3)(B)(i)(II), no such waiver may be extended to an
alien who is a member or representative of, has voluntarily
and knowingly engaged in or endorsed or espoused or per-
suaded others to endorse or espouse or support terrorist ac-