I 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 9727 
To modernize voter registration, promote access to voting for individuals 
with disabilities, protect the ability of individuals to exercise the right 
to vote in elections for Federal office, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 20, 2024 
Mr. CLYBURN introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committees on 
the Judiciary, Oversight and Accountability, Science, Space, and Tech-
nology, Education and the Workforce, and Energy and Commerce, for a 
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To modernize voter registration, promote access to voting 
for individuals with disabilities, protect the ability of 
individuals to exercise the right to vote in elections for 
Federal office, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Voter Empowerment Act of 2024’’. 
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(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States that— 
(1) the ability of all eligible citizens of the 
United States to access and exercise their constitu-
tional right to vote in a free, fair, and timely manner 
must be vigilantly enhanced, protected, and main-
tained; and 
(2) the integrity, security, and accountability of 
the voting process must be vigilantly protected, 
maintained, and enhanced in order to protect and 
preserve electoral and participatory democracy in the 
United States. 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents of this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; statement of policy. 
Sec. 2. Table of contents. 
TITLE I—VOTER REGISTRATION MODERNIZATION 
Sec. 100. Short title. 
Subtitle A—Promoting Internet Registration 
Sec. 101. Requiring availability of internet for voter registration. 
Sec. 102. Use of internet to update registration information. 
Sec. 103. Provision of election information by electronic mail to individuals reg-
istered to vote. 
Sec. 104. Clarification of requirement regarding necessary information to show 
eligibility to vote. 
Sec. 105. Prohibiting State from requiring applicants to provide more than last 
4 digits of Social Security number. 
Sec. 106. Application of rules to certain exempt States. 
Sec. 107. Effective date. 
Subtitle B—Automatic Voter Registration 
Sec. 111. Short title; findings and purpose. 
Sec. 112. Automatic registration of eligible individuals. 
Sec. 113. Contributing agency assistance in registration. 
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Sec. 114. One-time contributing agency assistance in registration of eligible vot-
ers in existing records. 
Sec. 115. Voter protection and security in automatic registration. 
Sec. 116. Registration portability and correction. 
Sec. 117. Payments and grants. 
Sec. 118. Treatment of exempt States. 
Sec. 119. Miscellaneous provisions. 
Sec. 120. Definitions. 
Sec. 121. Effective date. 
Subtitle C—Same Day Voter Registration 
Sec. 131. Same day registration. 
Subtitle D—Conditions on Removal on Basis of Interstate Cross-Checks 
Sec. 141. Conditions on removal of registrants from official list of eligible vot-
ers on basis of interstate cross-Checks. 
Subtitle E—Other Initiatives To Promote Voter Registration 
Sec. 151. Biennial reports on voter registration statistics. 
Sec. 152. Ensuring pre-election registration deadlines are consistent with tim-
ing of legal public holidays. 
Sec. 153. Use of Postal Service hard copy change of address form to remind 
individuals to update voter registration. 
Sec. 154. Grants to States for activities to encourage involvement of minors in 
election activities. 
Subtitle F—Availability of HAVA Requirements Payments 
Sec. 161. Availability of requirements payments under HAVA To cover costs of 
compliance with new requirements. 
Subtitle G—Prohibiting Interference With Voter Registration 
Sec. 171. Prohibiting hindering, interfering with, or preventing voter registra-
tion. 
Sec. 172. Establishment of best practices. 
Subtitle H—Voter Registration Efficiency Act 
Sec. 181. Short title. 
Sec. 182. Requiring applicants for motor vehicle driver’s licenses in new State 
to indicate whether State serves as residence for voter registra-
tion purposes. 
Subtitle I—Providing Voter Registration Information to Secondary School 
Students 
Sec. 191. Pilot program for providing voter registration information to sec-
ondary school students prior to graduation. 
Sec. 192. Reports. 
Sec. 193. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle J—Voter Registration of Minors 
Sec. 194. Acceptance of voter registration applications from individuals under 
18 years of age. 
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TITLE II—ACCESS TO VOTING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
DISABILITIES 
Sec. 201. Requirements for State to promote access to voter registration and 
voting for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 202. Establishment and maintenance of State accessible election websites. 
Sec. 203. Protections for in-person voting for individuals with disabilities and 
older individuals. 
Sec. 204. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship. 
Sec. 205. Expansion and reauthorization of grant program to assure voting ac-
cess for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 206. Appointments to EAC Board of Advisors. 
Sec. 207. Pilot programs for enabling individuals with disabilities to register to 
vote privately and independently at residences. 
Sec. 208. GAO analysis and report on voting access for individuals with disabil-
ities. 
TITLE III—PROHIBITING VOTER CAGING 
Sec. 301. Voter caging and other questionable challenges prohibited. 
Sec. 302. Development and adoption of best practices for preventing voter cag-
ing. 
TITLE IV—PROHIBITING DECEPTIVE PRACTICES AND 
PREVENTING VOTER INTIMIDATION 
Sec. 401. Short title. 
Sec. 402. Prohibition on deceptive practices in Federal elections. 
Sec. 403. Corrective action. 
Sec. 404. Reports to Congress. 
TITLE V—DEMOCRACY RESTORATION 
Sec. 501. Short title. 
Sec. 502. Findings. 
Sec. 503. Rights of citizens. 
Sec. 504. Enforcement. 
Sec. 505. Notification of restoration of voting rights. 
Sec. 506. Definitions. 
Sec. 507. Relation to other laws. 
Sec. 508. Federal prison funds. 
Sec. 509. Effective date. 
TITLE VI—PROMOTING ACCURACY, INTEGRITY, AND SECURITY 
THROUGH VOTER-VERIFIED PERMANENT PAPER BALLOT 
Sec. 601. Short title. 
Sec. 602. Paper ballot and manual counting requirements. 
Sec. 603. Accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 604. Durability and readability requirements for ballots. 
Sec. 605. Study and report on optimal ballot design. 
Sec. 606. Paper ballot printing requirements. 
Sec. 607. Effective date for new requirements. 
TITLE VII—PROVISIONAL BALLOTS 
Sec. 701. Requirements for counting provisional ballots; establishment of uni-
form and nondiscriminatory standards. 
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TITLE VIII—EARLY VOTING 
Sec. 801. Early voting. 
TITLE IX—VOTING BY MAIL 
Sec. 901. Voting by mail. 
Sec. 902. Absentee ballot tracking program. 
Sec. 903. Election mail and delivery improvements. 
Sec. 904. Voting materials postage. 
TITLE X—ABSENT UNIFORMED SERVICES VOTERS AND 
OVERSEAS VOTERS 
Sec. 1001. Pre-election reports on availability and transmission of absentee bal-
lots. 
Sec. 1002. Enforcement. 
Sec. 1003. Revisions to 45-day absentee ballot transmission rule. 
Sec. 1004. Use of single absentee ballot application for subsequent elections. 
Sec. 1005. Extending guarantee of residency for voting purposes to family 
members of absent military personnel. 
Sec. 1006. Requiring transmission of blank absentee ballots under UOCAVA to 
certain voters. 
Sec. 1007. Effective date. 
TITLE XI—POLL WORKER RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING 
Sec. 1101. Grants to States for poll worker recruitment and training. 
Sec. 1102. State defined. 
TITLE XII—ENHANCEMENT OF ENFORCEMENT 
Sec. 1201. Enhancement of enforcement of Help America Vote Act of 2002. 
TITLE XIII—FEDERAL ELECTION INTEGRITY 
Sec. 1301. Prohibition on campaign activities by chief State election adminis-
tration officials. 
TITLE XIV—PROMOTING VOTER ACCESS THROUGH ELECTION 
ADMINISTRATION IMPROVEMENTS 
Subtitle A—Promoting Voter Access 
Sec. 1401. Treatment of institutions of higher education. 
Sec. 1402. Minimum notification requirements for voters affected by polling 
place changes. 
Sec. 1403. Permitting use of sworn written statement to meet identification re-
quirements for voting. 
Sec. 1404. Accommodations for voters residing in Indian lands. 
Sec. 1405. Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places. 
Sec. 1406. Requiring State to provide secured drop boxes for voted absentee 
ballots in elections for Federal office. 
Sec. 1407. Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting. 
Subtitle B—Disaster and Emergency Contingency Plans 
Sec. 1411. Requirements for Federal election contingency plans in response to 
natural disasters and emergencies. 
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Subtitle C—Improvements in Operation of Election Assistance Commission 
Sec. 1421. Reauthorization of Election Assistance Commission. 
Sec. 1422. Requiring States to participate in post-general election surveys. 
Sec. 1423. Reports by National Institute of Standards and Technology on use 
of funds transferred from Election Assistance Commission. 
Sec. 1424. Recommendations to improve operations of Election Assistance 
Commission. 
Sec. 1425. Repeal of exemption of Election Assistance Commission from certain 
government contracting requirements. 
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions 
Sec. 1431. Application of laws to Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands. 
Sec. 1432. Definition of election for Federal office. 
Sec. 1433. No effect on other laws. 
Sec. 1434. Clarification of exemption for States without voter registration. 
TITLE XV—SEVERABILITY 
Sec. 1501. Severability. 
TITLE I—VOTER REGISTRATION 
MODERNIZATION 
SEC. 100. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Registration 
Modernization Act of 2024’’. 
Subtitle A—Promoting Internet 
Registration 
SEC. 101. REQUIRING AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET FOR 
VOTER REGISTRATION. 
(a) REQUIRING AVAILABILITY
OF INTERNET
FOR 
REGISTRATION.—The National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 6 the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 6A. INTERNET REGISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRING AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET FOR 
ONLINE REGISTRATION.—Each State, acting through the 
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chief State election official, shall ensure that the following 
services are available to the public at any time on the offi-
cial public websites of the appropriate State and local elec-
tion officials in the State, in the same manner and subject 
to the same terms and conditions as the services provided 
by voter registration agencies under section 7(a): 
‘‘(1) Online application for voter registration. 
‘‘(2) Online assistance to applicants in applying 
to register to vote. 
‘‘(3) Online completion and submission by ap-
plicants of the mail voter registration application 
form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commis-
sion pursuant to section 9(a)(2), including assist-
ance with providing a signature as required under 
subsection (c). 
‘‘(4) Online receipt of completed voter registra-
tion applications. 
‘‘(b) ACCEPTANCE OF COMPLETED APPLICATIONS.— 
A State shall accept an online voter registration applica-
tion provided by an individual under this section, and en-
sure that the individual is registered to vote in the State, 
if— 
‘‘(1) the individual meets the same voter reg-
istration requirements applicable to individuals who 
register to vote by mail in accordance with section 
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6(a)(1) using the mail voter registration application 
form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commis-
sion pursuant to section 9(a)(2); and 
‘‘(2) the individual meets the requirements of 
subsection (c) to provide a signature in electronic 
form (but only in the case of applications submitted 
during or after the second year in which this section 
is in effect in the State). 
‘‘(c) SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this sec-
tion, an individual meets the requirements of this 
subsection as follows: 
‘‘(A) In the case of an individual who has 
a signature on file with a State agency, includ-
ing the State motor vehicle authority, that is 
required to provide voter registration services 
under this Act or any other law, the individual 
consents to the transfer of that electronic signa-
ture. 
‘‘(B) If subparagraph (A) does not apply, 
the individual submits with the application an 
electronic copy of the individual’s handwritten 
signature through electronic means. 
‘‘(C) If subparagraph (A) and subpara-
graph (B) do not apply, the individual executes 
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a computerized mark in the signature field on 
an online voter registration application, in ac-
cordance with reasonable security measures es-
tablished by the State, but only if the State ac-
cepts such mark from the individual. 
‘‘(2) TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS UNABLE TO 
MEET REQUIREMENT.—If an individual is unable to 
meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the State 
shall— 
‘‘(A) permit the individual to complete all 
other elements of the online voter registration 
application; 
‘‘(B) permit the individual to provide a sig-
nature at the time the individual requests a bal-
lot in an election (whether the individual re-
quests the ballot at a polling place or requests 
the ballot by mail); and 
‘‘(C) if the individual carries out the steps 
described in subparagraph (A) and subpara-
graph (B), ensure that the individual is reg-
istered to vote in the State. 
‘‘(3) NOTICE.—The State shall ensure that in-
dividuals applying to register to vote online are noti-
fied of the requirements of paragraph (1) and of the 
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treatment of individuals unable to meet such re-
quirements, as described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(d) CONFIRMATION AND DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(1) CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon the online sub-
mission of a completed voter registration appli-
cation by an individual under this section, the 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the individual a notice confirming the 
State’s receipt of the application and providing 
instructions on how the individual may check 
the status of the application. 
‘‘(B) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.—The 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the notice required under subparagraph 
(A) though the online submission process and— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
has provided the official with an electronic 
mail address, by electronic mail; and 
‘‘(ii) at the option of the individual, 
by text message. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE OF DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 7 days 
after the appropriate State or local election offi-
cial has approved or rejected an application 
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submitted by an individual under this section, 
the official shall provide the individual a notice 
of the disposition of the application. 
‘‘(B) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.—The 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the notice required under subparagraph 
(A) by regular mail and— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
has provided the official with an electronic 
mail address, by electronic mail; and 
‘‘(ii) at the option of the individual, 
by text message. 
‘‘(e) PROVISION
OF SERVICES
IN NONPARTISAN 
MANNER.—The services made available under subsection 
(a) shall be provided in a manner that ensures that, con-
sistent with section 7(a)(5)— 
‘‘(1) the online application does not seek to in-
fluence an applicant’s political preference or party 
registration; and 
‘‘(2) there is no display on the website pro-
moting any political preference or party allegiance, 
except that nothing in this paragraph may be con-
strued to prohibit an applicant from registering to 
vote as a member of a political party. 
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‘‘(f) PROTECTION OF SECURITY OF INFORMATION.— 
In meeting the requirements of this section, the State shall 
establish appropriate technological security measures to 
prevent to the greatest extent practicable any unauthor-
ized access to information provided by individuals using 
the services made available under subsection (a). 
‘‘(g) ACCESSIBILITY OF SERVICES.—A State shall en-
sure that the services made available under this section 
are made available to individuals with disabilities to the 
same extent as services are made available to all other in-
dividuals. 
‘‘(h) NONDISCRIMINATION
AMONG
REGISTERED 
VOTERS USING MAIL AND ONLINE REGISTRATION.—In 
carrying out this Act, the Help America Vote Act of 2002, 
or any other Federal, State, or local law governing the 
treatment of registered voters in the State or the adminis-
tration of elections for public office in the State, a State 
shall treat a registered voter who registered to vote online 
in accordance with this section in the same manner as the 
State treats a registered voter who registered to vote by 
mail.’’. 
(b) SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
INDIVIDUALS 
USING ONLINE REGISTRATION.— 
(1) TREATMENT AS INDIVIDUALS REGISTERING 
TO VOTE BY MAIL FOR PURPOSES OF FIRST-TIME 
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VOTER
IDENTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
303(b)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking 
‘‘by mail’’ and inserting ‘‘by mail or online under 
section 6A of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993’’. 
(2) REQUIRING
SIGNATURE
FOR
FIRST-TIME 
VOTERS IN JURISDICTION.—Section 303(b) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)) is amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
paragraph (6); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) SIGNATURE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
FIRST- 
TIME VOTERS USING ONLINE REGISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—A State shall, in a 
uniform and nondiscriminatory manner, require 
an individual to meet the requirements of sub-
paragraph (B) if— 
‘‘(i) the individual registered to vote 
in the State online under section 6A of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993; 
and 
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‘‘(ii) the individual has not previously 
voted in an election for Federal office in 
the State. 
‘‘(B) 
REQUIREMENTS.—An 
individual 
meets the requirements of this subparagraph 
if— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
votes in person, the individual provides the 
appropriate State or local election official 
with a handwritten signature; or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of an individual who 
votes by mail, the individual submits with 
the ballot a handwritten signature. 
‘‘(C) 
INAPPLICABILITY.—Subparagraph 
(A) does not apply in the case of an individual 
who is— 
‘‘(i) entitled to vote by absentee ballot 
under the Uniformed and Overseas Citi-
zens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20302 et seq.); 
‘‘(ii) provided the right to vote other-
wise 
than 
in 
person 
under 
section 
3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Voting Accessibility 
for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 
U.S.C. 20102(b)(2)(B)(ii)); or 
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‘‘(iii) entitled to vote otherwise than 
in person under any other Federal law.’’. 
(3) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
EFFECTIVE
DATE.—Section 303(d)(2)(A) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(2)(A)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘Each State’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as pro-
vided in subsection (b)(5), each State’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) TIMING OF REGISTRATION.—Section 8(a)(1) 
of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 
U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub-
paragraph (C); 
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
subparagraph (E); and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) in the case of online registration 
through the official public website of an election 
official under section 6A, if the valid voter reg-
istration application is submitted online not 
later than the lesser of 28 days, or the period 
provided by State law, before the date of the 
election (as determined by treating the date on 
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which the application is sent electronically as 
the date on which it is submitted); and’’. 
(2) INFORMING
APPLICANTS
OF
ELIGIBILITY 
REQUIREMENTS
AND
PENALTIES.—Section 8(a)(5) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(5)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘and 7’’ and inserting ‘‘6A, and 7’’. 
SEC. 102. USE OF INTERNET TO UPDATE REGISTRATION IN-
FORMATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) UPDATES TO INFORMATION CONTAINED ON 
COMPUTERIZED
STATEWIDE
VOTER
REGISTRATION 
LIST.—Section 303(a) of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) USE OF INTERNET BY REGISTERED VOT-
ERS TO UPDATE INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The appropriate State 
or local election official shall ensure that any 
registered voter on the computerized list may at 
any time update the voter’s registration infor-
mation, including the voter’s address and elec-
tronic mail address, online through the official 
public website of the election official responsible 
for the maintenance of the list, so long as the 
voter attests to the contents of the update by 
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providing a signature in electronic form in the 
same manner required under section 6A(c) of 
the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. 
‘‘(B) PROCESSING OF UPDATED INFORMA-
TION BY ELECTION OFFICIALS.—If a registered 
voter updates registration information under 
subparagraph (A), the appropriate State or 
local election official shall— 
‘‘(i) revise any information on the 
computerized list to reflect the update 
made by the voter; and 
‘‘(ii) if the updated registration infor-
mation affects the voter’s eligibility to vote 
in an election for Federal office, ensure 
that the information is processed with re-
spect to the election if the voter updates 
the information not later than the lesser of 
7 days, or the period provided by State 
law, before the date of the election. 
‘‘(C) CONFIRMATION AND DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(i) CONFIRMATION
OF
RECEIPT.— 
Upon the online submission of updated 
registration information by an individual 
under this paragraph, the appropriate 
State or local election official shall send 
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the individual a notice confirming the 
State’s receipt of the updated information 
and providing instructions on how the indi-
vidual may check the status of the update. 
‘‘(ii) NOTICE
OF
DISPOSITION.—Not 
later than 7 days after the appropriate 
State or local election official has accepted 
or rejected updated information submitted 
by an individual under this paragraph, the 
official shall send the individual a notice of 
the disposition of the update. 
‘‘(iii) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.— 
The appropriate State or local election offi-
cial shall send the notices required under 
this subparagraph by regular mail and— 
‘‘(I) in the case of an individual 
who has requested that the State pro-
vide voter registration and voting in-
formation through electronic mail, by 
electronic mail; and 
‘‘(II) at the option of the indi-
vidual, by text message.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
EFFECTIVE
DATE.—Section 303(d)(1)(A) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(1)(A)) is amended by 
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striking ‘‘subparagraph (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘sub-
paragraph (B) and subsection (a)(6)’’. 
(b) ABILITY OF REGISTRANT TO USE ONLINE UP-
DATE TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON RESIDENCE.—Sec-
tion 8(d)(2)(A) of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(d)(2)(A)) is amended— 
(1) in the first sentence, by inserting after ‘‘re-
turn the card’’ the following: ‘‘or update the reg-
istrant’s information on the computerized Statewide 
voter registration list using the online method pro-
vided under section 303(a)(6) of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002’’; and 
(2) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘re-
turned,’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘returned or if 
the registrant does not update the registrant’s infor-
mation on the computerized Statewide voter reg-
istration list using such online method,’’. 
SEC. 103. PROVISION OF ELECTION INFORMATION BY 
ELECTRONIC MAIL TO INDIVIDUALS REG-
ISTERED TO VOTE. 
(a) INCLUDING OPTION ON VOTER REGISTRATION 
APPLICATION TO PROVIDE EMAIL ADDRESS AND RE-
CEIVE INFORMATION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 9(b) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20508(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (3); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (4) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(5) shall include a space for the applicant to 
provide (at the applicant’s option) an electronic mail 
address, together with a statement that, if the appli-
cant so requests, instead of using regular mail the 
appropriate State and local election officials shall 
provide to the applicant, through electronic mail sent 
to that address, the same voting information (as de-
fined in section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002) which the officials would provide to the 
applicant through regular mail.’’. 
(2) PROHIBITING
USE
FOR
PURPOSES
UNRE-
LATED
TO
OFFICIAL
DUTIES
OF
ELECTION
OFFI-
CIALS.—Section 9 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
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‘‘(c) PROHIBITING USE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL AD-
DRESSES FOR OTHER THAN OFFICIAL PURPOSES.—The 
chief State election official shall ensure that any electronic 
mail address provided by an applicant under subsection 
(b)(5) is used only for purposes of carrying out official 
duties of election officials and is not transmitted by any 
State or local election official (or any agent of such an 
official, including a contractor) to any person who does 
not require the address to carry out such official duties 
and who is not under the direct supervision and control 
of a State or local election official.’’. 
(b) REQUIRING PROVISION
OF INFORMATION
BY 
ELECTION OFFICIALS.—Section 302(b) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) PROVISION OF OTHER INFORMATION BY 
ELECTRONIC MAIL.—If an individual who is a reg-
istered voter has provided the State or local election 
official with an electronic mail address for the pur-
pose of receiving voting information (as described in 
section 9(b)(5) of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993), the appropriate State or local election 
official, through electronic mail transmitted not later 
than 7 days before the date of the election for Fed-
eral office involved, shall provide the individual with 
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information on how to obtain the following informa-
tion by electronic means: 
‘‘(A) The name and address of the polling 
place at which the individual is assigned to vote 
in the election. 
‘‘(B) The hours of operation for the polling 
place. 
‘‘(C) A description of any identification or 
other information the individual may be re-
quired to present at the polling place.’’. 
SEC. 104. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENT REGARDING 
NECESSARY INFORMATION TO SHOW ELIGI-
BILITY TO VOTE. 
Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (j) as sub-
section (k); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (i) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(j) REQUIREMENT FOR STATE TO REGISTER APPLI-
CANTS PROVIDING NECESSARY INFORMATION TO SHOW 
ELIGIBILITY TO VOTE.—For purposes meeting the re-
quirement of subsection (a)(1) that an eligible applicant 
is registered to vote in an election for Federal office within 
the deadlines required under such subsection, the State 
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shall consider an applicant to have provided a ‘valid voter 
registration form’ if— 
‘‘(1) the applicant has substantially completed 
the application form and attested to the statement 
required by section 9(b)(2); and 
‘‘(2) in the case of an applicant who registers 
to vote online in accordance with section 6A, the ap-
plicant provides a signature in accordance with sub-
section (c) of such section.’’. 
SEC. 105. PROHIBITING STATE FROM REQUIRING APPLI-
CANTS TO PROVIDE MORE THAN LAST 4 DIG-
ITS OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER. 
(a) FORM
INCLUDED
WITH
APPLICATION
FOR 
MOTOR
VEHICLE
DRIVER’S
LICENSE.—Section 
5(c)(2)(B)(ii) of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(c)(2)(B)(ii)) is amended by strik-
ing the semicolon at the end and inserting the following: 
‘‘, and to the extent that the application requires the appli-
cant to provide a Social Security number, may not require 
the applicant to provide more than the last 4 digits of such 
number;’’. 
(b) NATIONAL MAIL VOTER REGISTRATION FORM.— 
Section 9(b)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508(b)(1)) is 
amended by striking the semicolon at the end and insert-
ing the following: ‘‘, and to the extent that the form re-
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quires the applicant to provide a Social Security number, 
the form may not require the applicant to provide more 
than the last 4 digits of such number;’’. 
SEC. 106. APPLICATION OF RULES TO CERTAIN EXEMPT 
STATES. 
Section 4 of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection: 
‘‘(c) APPLICATION OF INTERNET VOTER REGISTRA-
TION RULES.—Notwithstanding subsection (b), the fol-
lowing provisions shall apply to a State described in para-
graph (2) thereof: 
‘‘(1) Section 6A (as added by section 1001(a) 
of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 
2021). 
‘‘(2) Section 8(a)(1)(D) (as added by section 
1001(c)(1) of the Voter Registration Modernization 
Act of 2021). 
‘‘(3) Section 8(a)(5) (as amended by section 
1001(c)(2) of Voter Registration Modernization Act 
of 2021), but only to the extent such provision re-
lates to section 6A. 
‘‘(4) Section 8(j) (as added by section 1004 of 
the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2021), 
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but only to the extent such provision relates to sec-
tion 6A.’’. 
SEC. 107. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the amendments made by this subtitle (other than the 
amendments made by section 104) shall take effect Janu-
ary 1, 2025. 
(b) WAIVER.—Subject to the approval of the Election 
Assistance Commission, if a State certifies to the Election 
Assistance Commission that the State will not meet the 
deadline referred to in subsection (a) because of extraor-
dinary circumstances and includes in the certification the 
reasons for the failure to meet the deadline, subsection 
(a) shall apply to the State as if the reference in such 
subsection to ‘‘January 1, 2025’’ were a reference to 
‘‘January 1, 2027’’. 
Subtitle B—Automatic Voter 
Registration 
SEC. 111. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This subtitle may be cited as the 
‘‘Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2024’’. 
(b) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.— 
(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(A) the right to vote is a fundamental 
right of citizens of the United States; 
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(B) it is the responsibility of the State and 
Federal Governments to ensure that every eligi-
ble citizen is registered to vote; 
(C) existing voter registration systems can 
be inaccurate, costly, inaccessible and con-
fusing, with damaging effects on voter partici-
pation in elections for Federal office and dis-
proportionate impacts on young people, persons 
with disabilities, and racial and ethnic minori-
ties; and 
(D) voter registration systems must be up-
dated with 21st century technologies and proce-
dures to maintain their security. 
(2) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this sub-
title— 
(A) to establish that it is the responsibility 
of government at every level to ensure that all 
eligible citizens are registered to vote in elec-
tions for Federal office; 
(B) to enable the State and Federal Gov-
ernments to register all eligible citizens to vote 
with accurate, cost-efficient, and up-to-date pro-
cedures; 
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(C) to modernize voter registration and list 
maintenance procedures with electronic and 
internet capabilities; and 
(D) to protect and enhance the integrity, 
accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of the 
electoral process for all eligible citizens. 
SEC. 112. AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF ELIGIBLE INDI-
VIDUALS. 
(a) REQUIRING STATES TO ESTABLISH AND OPER-
ATE AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION SYSTEM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The chief State election offi-
cial of each State shall establish and operate a sys-
tem of automatic registration for the registration of 
eligible individuals to vote for elections for Federal 
office in the State, in accordance with the provisions 
of this subtitle. 
(2) DEFINITION.—The term ‘‘automatic reg-
istration’’ means a system that registers an indi-
vidual to vote in elections for Federal office in a 
State, if eligible, by electronically transferring the 
information necessary for registration from govern-
ment agencies to election officials of the State so 
that, unless the individual affirmatively declines to 
be registered, the individual will be registered to vote 
in such elections. 
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(b) REGISTRATION
OF VOTERS BASED
ON NEW 
AGENCY RECORDS.—The chief State election official 
shall— 
(1) not later than 15 days after a contributing 
agency has transmitted information with respect to 
an individual pursuant to section 113, ensure that 
the individual is registered to vote in elections for 
Federal office in the State if the individual is eligible 
to be registered to vote in such elections; and 
(2) not later than 120 days after a contributing 
agency has transmitted such information with re-
spect to the individual, send written notice to the in-
dividual, in addition to other means of notice estab-
lished by this subtitle, of the individual’s voter reg-
istration status. 
(c) ONE-TIME REGISTRATION OF VOTERS BASED ON 
EXISTING CONTRIBUTING AGENCY RECORDS.—The chief 
State election official shall— 
(1) identify all individuals whose information is 
transmitted by a contributing agency pursuant to 
section 114 and who are eligible to be, but are not 
currently, registered to vote in that State; 
(2) promptly send each such individual written 
notice, in addition to other means of notice estab-
lished by this subtitle, which shall not identify the 
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contributing agency that transmitted the informa-
tion but shall include— 
(A) an explanation that voter registration 
is voluntary, but if the individual does not de-
cline registration, the individual will be reg-
istered to vote; 
(B) a statement offering the opportunity to 
decline voter registration through means con-
sistent with the requirements of this subtitle; 
(C) in the case of a State in which affili-
ation or enrollment with a political party is re-
quired in order to participate in an election to 
select the party’s candidate in an election for 
Federal office, a statement offering the indi-
vidual the opportunity to affiliate or enroll with 
a political party or to decline to affiliate or en-
roll with a political party, through means con-
sistent with the requirements of this subtitle; 
(D) the substantive qualifications of an 
elector in the State as listed in the mail voter 
registration application form for elections for 
Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 
of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, 
the consequences of false registration, and a 
statement that the individual should decline to 
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register if the individual does not meet all those 
qualifications; 
(E) instructions for correcting any erro-
neous information; and 
(F) instructions for providing any addi-
tional information which is listed in the mail 
voter registration application form for elections 
for Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 
9 of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993; 
(3) ensure that each such individual who is eli-
gible to register to vote in elections for Federal of-
fice in the State is promptly registered to vote not 
later than 45 days after the official sends the indi-
vidual the written notice under paragraph (2), un-
less, during the 30-day period which begins on the 
date the election official sends the individual such 
written notice, the individual declines registration in 
writing, through a communication made over the 
internet, or by an officially logged telephone commu-
nication; and 
(4) send written notice to each such individual, 
in addition to other means of notice established by 
this subtitle, of the individual’s voter registration 
status. 
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(d) TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER 18 YEARS 
OF AGE.—A State may not refuse to treat an individual 
as an eligible individual for purposes of this subtitle on 
the grounds that the individual is less than 18 years of 
age at the time a contributing agency receives information 
with respect to the individual, so long as the individual 
is at least 16 years of age at such time. Nothing in the 
previous sentence may be construed to require a State to 
permit an individual who is under 18 years of age at the 
time of an election for Federal office to vote in the elec-
tion. 
(e) CONTRIBUTING AGENCY DEFINED.—In this sub-
title, the term ‘‘contributing agency’’ means, with respect 
to a State, an agency listed in section 113(e). 
SEC. 113. CONTRIBUTING AGENCY ASSISTANCE IN REG-
ISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In accordance with this subtitle, 
each contributing agency in a State shall assist the State’s 
chief election official in registering to vote all eligible indi-
viduals served by that agency. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
CONTRIBUTING
AGEN-
CIES.— 
(1) INSTRUCTIONS ON AUTOMATIC REGISTRA-
TION.—Except as otherwise provided in this section, 
with each application for service or assistance, and 
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with each related recertification, renewal, or change 
of address, or, in the case of a covered institution 
of higher education, upon initial enrollment of an in- 
State student, each contributing agency (other than 
a contributing agency described in subsection 
(e)(1)(B)(ii)) that (in the normal course of its oper-
ations) requests individuals to affirm United States 
citizenship (either directly or as part of the overall 
application for service or assistance or enrollment) 
shall inform each such individual who is a citizen of 
the United States of the following: 
(A) Unless that individual declines to reg-
ister to vote, or is found ineligible to vote, the 
individual will be registered to vote or, if appli-
cable, the individual’s registration will be up-
dated. 
(B) The substantive qualifications of an 
elector in the State as listed in the mail voter 
registration application form for elections for 
Federal office prescribed pursuant to section 9 
of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, 
the consequences of false registration, and the 
individual should decline to register if the indi-
vidual does not meet all those qualifications. 
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(C) In the case of a State in which affili-
ation or enrollment with a political party is re-
quired in order to participate in an election to 
select the party’s candidate in an election for 
Federal office, the requirement that the indi-
vidual must affiliate or enroll with a political 
party in order to participate in such an election. 
(D) Voter registration is voluntary, and 
neither registering nor declining to register to 
vote will in any way affect the availability of 
services or benefits, nor be used for other pur-
poses. 
(2) OPPORTUNITY TO DECLINE REGISTRATION 
REQUIRED.—Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, each contributing agency shall ensure that 
each application for service or assistance, and each 
related recertification, renewal, or change of address, 
cannot be completed until the individual is given the 
opportunity to decline to be registered to vote. 
(3) INFORMATION
TRANSMITTAL.—Upon the 
expiration of the 30-day period which begins on the 
date a contributing agency as described in para-
graph (1) informs an individual of the information 
described in such paragraph, unless the individual 
has declined to be registered to vote or informs the 
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agency that they are already registered to vote, each 
contributing agency shall electronically transmit to 
the appropriate State election official, in a format 
compatible with the statewide voter database main-
tained under section 303 of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083), the following infor-
mation: 
(A) The individual’s given name(s) and 
surname(s). 
(B) The individual’s date of birth. 
(C) The individual’s residential address. 
(D) Information showing that the indi-
vidual is a citizen of the United States. 
(E) The date on which information per-
taining to that individual was collected or last 
updated. 
(F) If available, the individual’s signature 
in electronic form. 
(G) Except in the case in which the con-
tributing agency is a covered institution of 
higher education, in the case of a State in 
which affiliation or enrollment with a political 
party is required in order to participate in an 
election to select the party’s candidate in an 
election for Federal office, information regard-
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ing the individual’s affiliation or enrollment 
with a political party, but only if the individual 
provides such information. 
(H) Any additional information listed in 
the mail voter registration application form for 
elections for Federal office prescribed pursuant 
to section 9 of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993, including any valid driver’s license 
number or the last 4 digits of the individual’s 
Social Security number, if the individual pro-
vided such information. 
(c) ALTERNATE PROCEDURE
FOR CERTAIN CON-
TRIBUTING AGENCIES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—With each application for 
service or assistance, and with each related recertifi-
cation, renewal, or change of address, a contributing 
agency described in paragraph (2) shall— 
(A) complete the requirements of section 
7(a)(6) of the National Voter Registration Act 
of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20506(a)(6)); 
(B) ensure that each applicant’s trans-
action with the agency cannot be completed 
until the applicant has indicated whether the 
applicant wishes to register to vote or declines 
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to register to vote in elections for Federal office 
held in the State; and 
(C) for each individual who wishes to reg-
ister to vote, transmit that individual’s informa-
tion in accordance with subsection (b)(3). 
(2) CONTRIBUTING
AGENCIES
DESCRIBED.— 
The following contributing agencies are described in 
this paragraph: 
(A) Any contributing agency (other than a 
contributing agency that is a covered institution 
of higher education) that in the normal course 
of its operations does not request individuals 
applying for service or assistance to affirm 
United States citizenship (either directly or as 
part of the overall application for service or as-
sistance). 
(B) A contributing agency described in 
subsection (e)(1)(B)(ii). 
(d) REQUIRED AVAILABILITY OF AUTOMATIC REG-
ISTRATION OPPORTUNITY WITH EACH APPLICATION FOR 
SERVICE
OR ASSISTANCE.—Each contributing agency 
shall offer each individual, with each application for serv-
ice or assistance, and with each related recertification, re-
newal, or change of address, or in the case of an institu-
tion of higher education, upon initial enrollment of a stu-
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dent, the opportunity to register to vote as prescribed by 
this section without regard to whether the individual pre-
viously declined a registration opportunity. 
(e) CONTRIBUTING AGENCIES.— 
(1) STATE AGENCIES.—In each State, each of 
the following agencies shall be treated as a contrib-
uting agency: 
(A) Each agency in a State that is re-
quired by Federal law to provide voter registra-
tion services, including the State motor vehicle 
authority and other voter registration agencies 
under the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993. 
(B) Each agency in a State that admin-
isters a program pursuant to— 
(i) title III of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 501 et seq.); 
(ii) title XIX of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.); or 
(iii) the Patient Protection and Af-
fordable Care Act (Public Law 111–148). 
(C) Each State agency primarily respon-
sible for regulating the private possession of 
firearms. 
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(D) Each State agency primarily respon-
sible for maintaining identifying information for 
students enrolled at public secondary schools, 
including, where applicable, the State agency 
responsible for maintaining the education data 
system described in section 6201(e)(2) of the 
America 
COMPETES 
Act 
(20 
U.S.C. 
9871(e)(2)). 
(E) In the case of a State in which an in-
dividual disenfranchised by a criminal convic-
tion may become eligible to vote upon comple-
tion of a criminal sentence or any part thereof, 
or upon formal restoration of rights, the State 
agency responsible for administering that sen-
tence, or part thereof, or that restoration of 
rights. 
(F) Any other agency of the State which is 
designated by the State as a contributing agen-
cy. 
(2) FEDERAL AGENCIES.—In each State, each 
of the following agencies of the Federal Government 
shall be treated as a contributing agency with re-
spect to individuals who are residents of that State 
(except as provided in subparagraph (C)): 
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(A) The Social Security Administration, 
the Department of Veterans Affairs, the De-
fense Manpower Data Center of the Depart-
ment of Defense, the Employee and Training 
Administration of the Department of Labor, 
and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Serv-
ices of the Department of Health and Human 
Services. 
(B) The Bureau of Citizenship and Immi-
gration Services, but only with respect to indi-
viduals who have completed the naturalization 
process. 
(C) In the case of an individual who is a 
resident of a State in which an individual 
disenfranchised by a criminal conviction under 
Federal law may become eligible to vote upon 
completion of a criminal sentence or any part 
thereof, or upon formal restoration of rights, 
the Federal agency responsible for admin-
istering that sentence or part thereof (without 
regard to whether the agency is located in the 
same State in which the individual is a resi-
dent), but only with respect to individuals who 
have completed the criminal sentence or any 
part thereof. 
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(D) Any other agency of the Federal gov-
ernment which the State designates as a con-
tributing agency, but only if the State and the 
head of the agency determine that the agency 
collects information sufficient to carry out the 
responsibilities of a contributing agency under 
this section. 
(3) INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Each covered institu-
tion of higher education shall be treated as a 
contributing agency in the State in which the 
institution is located with respect to in-State 
students. 
(B) PROCEDURES FOR INSTITUTIONS OF 
HIGHER EDUCATION.—Notwithstanding section 
444 of the General Education Provisions Act 
(20 U.S.C. 1232g; commonly referred to as the 
‘‘Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 
1974’’) or any other provision of law, each cov-
ered institution of higher education shall com-
ply with the requirements of subsection (b) with 
respect to each in-State student. In complying 
with such requirements, an institution of higher 
education— 
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(i) may use information provided in 
the Free Application for Federal Student 
Aid described in section 483 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.1090) to 
collect information described in paragraph 
(3) of such subsection (b) for purposes of 
transmitting such information to the ap-
propriate State election official pursuant to 
such paragraph; 
(ii) shall not be required to prevent or 
delay students from enrolling in a course 
of study or otherwise impede the comple-
tion of the enrollment process; 
(iii) shall not request information on 
the affiliation or enrollment with a political 
party of a student in accordance with sub-
section (b)(3)(G); and 
(iv) shall not withhold, delay, or im-
pede the provision of Federal financial aid 
provided under title IV of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070 et 
seq.). 
(C) CLARIFICATION.—Nothing in this sub-
title shall be construed to require an institution 
of higher education to request each student af-
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firm whether or not the student is a United 
States citizen or otherwise collect information 
with respect to citizenship. 
(4) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 180 days 
prior to the date of each election for Federal office 
held in the State, the chief State election official 
shall publish on the public website of the official an 
updated list of all contributing agencies in that 
State. 
(5) PUBLIC EDUCATION.—The chief State elec-
tion official of each State, in collaboration with each 
contributing agency, shall take appropriate measures 
to educate the public about voter registration under 
this section. 
(6) PERMITTING STATE MEDICAID AGENCIES TO 
SHARE
INFORMATION
WITH
ELECTION
OFFICIALS 
FOR
VOTER
REGISTRATION
PURPOSES.—Section 
1902(a)(7)(A) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
1396a(a)(7)(A)) is amended— 
(A) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘; and’’ and 
inserting a semicolon; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new 
clause: 
‘‘(iii) the provision to an appropriate 
State election official, in accordance with 
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subsection (c) of section 113 of the Auto-
matic Voter Registration Act of 2021, of 
information described in subsection (b)(3) 
of such section with respect to an applicant 
or recipient; and’’. 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COVERED INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDU-
CATION.—The term ‘‘covered institution of higher 
education’’ means an institution of higher education 
that— 
(A) has a program participation agreement 
in effect with the Secretary of Education under 
section 487 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1094); and 
(B) is located in a State to which section 
4(b)(1) of the National Voter Registration Act 
of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503(b)(1)) does not 
apply. 
(2) IN-STATE STUDENT.—The term ‘‘in-State 
student’’— 
(A) means a student enrolled in a covered 
institution of higher education who, for pur-
poses related to in-State tuition, financial aid 
eligibility, or other similar purposes, resides in 
the State; and 
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(B) includes a student described in sub-
paragraph (A) who is enrolled in a program of 
distance education, as defined in section 103 of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1003). 
SEC. 114. ONE-TIME CONTRIBUTING AGENCY ASSISTANCE 
IN REGISTRATION OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS IN 
EXISTING RECORDS. 
(a) INITIAL TRANSMITTAL OF INFORMATION.—For 
each individual already listed in a contributing agency’s 
records as of the date of enactment of this Act, and for 
whom the agency has the information listed in section 
113(b)(3), the agency shall promptly transmit that infor-
mation to the appropriate State election official in accord-
ance with section 113(b)(3) not later than the effective 
date described in section 121(a). 
(b) TRANSITION.—For each individual listed in a con-
tributing agency’s records as of the effective date de-
scribed in section 121(a) (but who was not listed in a con-
tributing agency’s records as of the date of enactment of 
this Act), and for whom the agency has the information 
listed in section 113(b)(3), the Agency shall promptly 
transmit that information to the appropriate State election 
official in accordance with section 113(b)(3) not later than 
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6 months after the effective date described in section 
121(a). 
SEC. 115. VOTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY IN AUTO-
MATIC REGISTRATION. 
(a) PROTECTIONS FOR ERRORS IN REGISTRATION.— 
An individual shall not be prosecuted under any Federal 
or State law, adversely affected in any civil adjudication 
concerning immigration status or naturalization, or sub-
ject to an allegation in any legal proceeding that the indi-
vidual is not a citizen of the United States on any of the 
following grounds: 
(1) The individual notified an election office of 
the individual’s automatic registration to vote under 
this subtitle. 
(2) The individual is not eligible to vote in elec-
tions for Federal office but was automatically reg-
istered to vote under this subtitle. 
(3) The individual was automatically registered 
to vote under this subtitle at an incorrect address. 
(4) The individual declined the opportunity to 
register to vote or did not make an affirmation of 
citizenship, including through automatic registration, 
under this subtitle. 
(b) LIMITS
ON USE
OF AUTOMATIC REGISTRA-
TION.—The automatic registration of any individual or the 
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fact that an individual declined the opportunity to register 
to vote or did not make an affirmation of citizenship (in-
cluding through automatic registration) under this subtitle 
may not be used as evidence against that individual in any 
State or Federal law enforcement proceeding, and an indi-
vidual’s lack of knowledge or willfulness of such registra-
tion may be demonstrated by the individual’s testimony 
alone. 
(c) PROTECTION OF ELECTION INTEGRITY.—Noth-
ing in subsections (a) or (b) may be construed to prohibit 
or restrict any action under color of law against an indi-
vidual who— 
(1) knowingly and willfully makes a false state-
ment to effectuate or perpetuate automatic voter 
registration by any individual; or 
(2) casts a ballot knowingly and willfully in vio-
lation of State law or the laws of the United States. 
(d) CONTRIBUTING AGENCIES’ PROTECTION OF IN-
FORMATION.—Nothing in this subtitle authorizes a con-
tributing agency to collect, retain, transmit, or publicly 
disclose any of the following: 
(1) An individual’s decision to decline to reg-
ister to vote or not to register to vote. 
(2) An individual’s decision not to affirm his or 
her citizenship. 
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(3) Any information that a contributing agency 
transmits pursuant to section 113(b)(3), except in 
pursuing the agency’s ordinary course of business. 
(e) ELECTION OFFICIALS’ PROTECTION OF INFOR-
MATION.— 
(1) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PROHIBITED.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), with respect to any individual for 
whom any State election official receives infor-
mation from a contributing agency, the State 
election officials shall not publicly disclose any 
of the following: 
(i) The identity of the contributing 
agency. 
(ii) Any information not necessary to 
voter registration. 
(iii) Any voter information otherwise 
shielded from disclosure under State law or 
section 8(a) of the National Voter Reg-
istration 
Act 
of 
1993 
(52 
U.S.C. 
20507(a)). 
(iv) Any portion of the individual’s 
Social Security number. 
(v) Any portion of the individual’s 
motor vehicle driver’s license number. 
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(vi) The individual’s signature. 
(vii) The individual’s telephone num-
ber. 
(viii) The individual’s email address. 
(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR INDIVIDUALS REG-
ISTERED TO VOTE.—With respect to any indi-
vidual for whom any State election official re-
ceives information from a contributing agency 
and who, on the basis of such information, is 
registered to vote in the State under this sub-
title, the State election officials shall not pub-
licly disclose any of the following: 
(i) The identity of the contributing 
agency. 
(ii) Any information not necessary to 
voter registration. 
(iii) Any voter information otherwise 
shielded from disclosure under State law or 
section 8(a) of the National Voter Reg-
istration 
Act 
of 
1993 
(52 
U.S.C. 
20507(a)). 
(iv) Any portion of the individual’s 
Social Security number. 
(v) Any portion of the individual’s 
motor vehicle driver’s license number. 
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(vi) The individual’s signature. 
(2) VOTER
RECORD
CHANGES.—Each State 
shall maintain for at least 2 years and shall make 
available for public inspection (and, where available, 
photocopying at a reasonable cost), including in elec-
tronic form and through electronic methods, all 
records of changes to voter records, including remov-
als, the reasons for removals, and updates. 
(3) DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
STANDARDS.— 
The Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall, after providing the public with 
notice and the opportunity to comment— 
(A) establish standards governing the com-
parison of data for voter registration list main-
tenance purposes, identifying as part of such 
standards the specific data elements, the 
matching rules used, and how a State may use 
the data to determine and deem that an indi-
vidual is ineligible under State law to vote in an 
election, or to deem a record to be a duplicate 
or outdated; 
(B) ensure that the standards developed 
pursuant to this paragraph are uniform and 
nondiscriminatory and are applied in a uniform 
and nondiscriminatory manner; and 
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(C) not later than 45 days after the dead-
line for public notice and comment, publish the 
standards developed pursuant to this paragraph 
on the Director’s website and make those 
standards available in written form upon re-
quest. 
(4) SECURITY
POLICY.—The Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
shall, after providing the public with notice and the 
opportunity to comment, publish privacy and secu-
rity standards for voter registration information not 
later than 45 days after the deadline for public no-
tice and comment. The standards shall require the 
chief State election official of each State to adopt a 
policy that shall specify— 
(A) each class of users who shall have au-
thorized access to the computerized statewide 
voter registration list, specifying for each class 
the permission and levels of access to be grant-
ed, and setting forth other safeguards to pro-
tect the privacy, security, and accuracy of the 
information on the list; and 
(B) security safeguards to protect personal 
information transmitted through the informa-
tion transmittal processes of section 113 or sec-
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tion 114, the online system used pursuant to 
section 6A of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993 (as added by section 101), any 
telephone interface, the maintenance of the 
voter registration database, and any audit pro-
cedure to track access to the system. 
(5) 
STATE
COMPLIANCE
WITH
NATIONAL 
STANDARDS.— 
(A) CERTIFICATION.—The chief executive 
officer of the State shall annually file with the 
Election Assistance Commission a statement 
certifying to the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology that the 
State is in compliance with the standards re-
ferred to in paragraphs (3) and (4). A State 
may meet the requirement of the previous sen-
tence by filing with the Commission a statement 
which reads as follows: ‘‘lllll hereby 
certifies that it is in compliance with the stand-
ards referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) of 
section 115(e) of the Automatic Voter Registra-
tion Act of 2021.’’ (with the blank to be filled 
in with the name of the State involved). 
(B) PUBLICATION OF POLICIES AND PRO-
CEDURES.—The chief State election official of a 
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State shall publish on the official’s website the 
policies and procedures established under this 
section, and shall make those policies and pro-
cedures available in written form upon public 
request. 
(C) FUNDING
DEPENDENT
ON
CERTIFI-
CATION.—If a State does not timely file the cer-
tification required under this paragraph, it shall 
not receive any payment under this subtitle for 
the upcoming fiscal year. 
(D) COMPLIANCE
OF
STATES
THAT
RE-
QUIRE CHANGES TO STATE LAW.—In the case 
of a State that requires State legislation to 
carry out an activity covered by any certifi-
cation submitted under this paragraph, for a 
period of not more than 2 years the State shall 
be permitted to make the certification notwith-
standing that the legislation has not been en-
acted at the time the certification is submitted, 
and such State shall submit an additional cer-
tification once such legislation is enacted. 
(f) RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION.—No 
person acting under color of law may discriminate against 
any individual based on, or use for any purpose other than 
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voter registration, election administration, or enforcement 
relating to election crimes, any of the following: 
(1) Voter registration records. 
(2) An individual’s declination to register to 
vote or complete an affirmation of citizenship under 
section 113(b). 
(3) An individual’s voter registration status. 
(g) PROHIBITION ON THE USE OF VOTER REGISTRA-
TION INFORMATION FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES.—In-
formation collected under this subtitle shall not be used 
for commercial purposes. Nothing in this subsection may 
be construed to prohibit the transmission, exchange, or 
dissemination of information for political purposes, includ-
ing the support of campaigns for election for Federal, 
State, or local public office or the activities of political 
committees (including committees of political parties) 
under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. 
SEC. 116. REGISTRATION PORTABILITY AND CORRECTION. 
(a) CORRECTING REGISTRATION INFORMATION AT 
POLLING PLACE.—Notwithstanding section 302(a) of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(a)), if 
an individual is registered to vote in elections for Federal 
office held in a State, the appropriate election official at 
the polling place for any such election (including a location 
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used as a polling place on a date other than the date of 
the election) shall permit the individual to— 
(1) update the individual’s address for purposes 
of the records of the election official; 
(2) correct any incorrect information relating to 
the individual, including the individual’s name and 
political party affiliation, in the records of the elec-
tion official; and 
(3) cast a ballot in the election on the basis of 
the updated address or corrected information, and to 
have the ballot treated as a regular ballot and not 
as a provisional ballot under section 302(a) of such 
Act. 
(b) UPDATES TO COMPUTERIZED STATEWIDE VOTER 
REGISTRATION LISTS.—If an election official at the poll-
ing place receives an updated address or corrected infor-
mation from an individual under subsection (a), the offi-
cial shall ensure that the address or information is 
promptly entered into the computerized Statewide voter 
registration 
list 
in 
accordance 
with 
section 
303(a)(1)(A)(vi) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21083(a)(1)(A)(vi)). 
SEC. 117. PAYMENTS AND GRANTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Election Assistance Commis-
sion shall make grants to each eligible State to assist the 
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State in implementing the requirements of this subtitle 
(or, in the case of an exempt State, in implementing its 
existing automatic voter registration program). 
(b) ELIGIBILITY; APPLICATION.—A State is eligible 
to receive a grant under this section if the State submits 
to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the 
Commission may require, an application containing— 
(1) a description of the activities the State will 
carry out with the grant; 
(2) an assurance that the State shall carry out 
such activities without partisan bias and without 
promoting any particular point of view regarding 
any issue; and 
(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
(c) AMOUNT OF GRANT; PRIORITIES.—The Commis-
sion shall determine the amount of a grant made to an 
eligible State under this section. In determining the 
amounts of the grants, the Commission shall give priority 
to providing funds for those activities which are most like-
ly to accelerate compliance with the requirements of this 
subtitle (or, in the case of an exempt State, which are 
most likely to enhance the ability of the State to automati-
cally register individuals to vote through its existing auto-
matic voter registration program), including— 
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(1) investments supporting electronic informa-
tion transfer, including electronic collection and 
transfer of signatures, between contributing agencies 
and the appropriate State election officials; 
(2) updates to online or electronic voter reg-
istration systems already operating as of the date of 
the enactment of this Act; 
(3) introduction of online voter registration sys-
tems in jurisdictions in which those systems did not 
previously exist; and 
(4) public education on the availability of new 
methods of registering to vote, updating registration, 
and correcting registration. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out this section— 
(A) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
(B) such sums as may be necessary for 
each succeeding fiscal year. 
(2) CONTINUING
AVAILABILITY
OF
FUNDS.— 
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority 
of this subsection shall remain available without fis-
cal year limitation until expended. 
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SEC. 118. TREATMENT OF EXEMPT STATES. 
(a) WAIVER OF REQUIREMENTS.—Except as pro-
vided in subsection (b), this subtitle does not apply with 
respect to an exempt State. 
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—The following provisions of this 
subtitle apply with respect to an exempt State: 
(1) Section 116 (relating to registration port-
ability and correction). 
(2) Section 117 (relating to payments and 
grants). 
(3) Section 119(e) (relating to enforcement). 
(4) Section 119(f) (relating to relation to other 
laws). 
SEC. 119. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. 
(a) ACCESSIBILITY OF REGISTRATION SERVICES.— 
Each contributing agency shall ensure that the services 
it provides under this subtitle are made available to indi-
viduals with disabilities to the same extent as services are 
made available to all other individuals. 
(b) TRANSMISSION THROUGH SECURE THIRD PARTY 
PERMITTED.—Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed 
to prevent a contributing agency from contracting with a 
third party to assist the agency in meeting the information 
transmittal requirements of this subtitle, so long as the 
data transmittal complies with the applicable requirements 
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of this subtitle, including the privacy and security provi-
sions of section 115. 
(c) NONPARTISAN, NONDISCRIMINATORY PROVISION 
OF SERVICES.—The services made available by contrib-
uting agencies under this subtitle and by the State under 
sections 115 and 116 shall be made in a manner con-
sistent with paragraphs (4), (5), and (6)(C) of section 7(a) 
of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20506(a)). 
(d) NOTICES.—Each State may send notices under 
this subtitle via electronic mail if the individual has pro-
vided an electronic mail address and consented to elec-
tronic mail communications for election-related materials. 
All notices sent pursuant to this subtitle that require a 
response must offer the individual notified the opportunity 
to respond at no cost to the individual. 
(e) ENFORCEMENT.—Section 11 of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20510), relat-
ing to civil enforcement and the availability of private 
rights of action, shall apply with respect to this subtitle 
in the same manner as such section applies to such Act. 
(f) RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.—Except as pro-
vided, nothing in this subtitle may be construed to author-
ize or require conduct prohibited under, or to supersede, 
restrict, or limit the application of any of the following: 
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(1) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10301 et seq.). 
(2) The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Ab-
sentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.). 
(3) The National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.). 
(4) The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 20901 et seq.). 
SEC. 120. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle, the following definitions apply: 
(1) The term ‘‘chief State election official’’ 
means, with respect to a State, the individual des-
ignated by the State under section 10 of the Na-
tional Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20509) to be responsible for coordination of the 
State’s responsibilities under such Act. 
(2) The term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Election 
Assistance Commission. 
(3) The term ‘‘exempt State’’ means a State 
which, under law which is in effect continuously on 
and after the date of the enactment of this Act, op-
erates a system of automatic registration (as defined 
in section 112(a)(2)) at the motor vehicle authority 
of the State or a Permanent Dividend Fund of the 
State under which an individual is provided the op-
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portunity to decline registration during the trans-
action or by way of a notice sent by mail or elec-
tronically after the transaction. 
(4) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the several 
States and the District of Columbia. 
SEC. 121. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), this subtitle and the amendments made by this sub-
title shall apply with respect to a State beginning January 
1, 2026. 
(b) WAIVER.—Subject to the approval of the Com-
mission, if a State certifies to the Commission that the 
State will not meet the deadline referred to in subsection 
(a) because of extraordinary circumstances and includes 
in the certification the reasons for the failure to meet the 
deadline, subsection (a) shall apply to the State as if the 
reference in such subsection to ‘‘January 1, 2026’’ were 
a reference to ‘‘January 1, 2028’’. 
Subtitle C—Same Day Voter 
Registration 
SEC. 131. SAME DAY REGISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as 
sections 305 and 306, respectively; and 
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(2) by inserting after section 303 the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 304. SAME DAY REGISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) REGISTRATION.—Each State shall permit 
any eligible individual on the day of a Federal elec-
tion and on any day when voting, including early 
voting, is permitted for a Federal election— 
‘‘(A) to register to vote in such election at 
the polling place using a form that meets the 
requirements under section 9(b) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (or, if the indi-
vidual is already registered to vote, to revise 
any of the individual’s voter registration infor-
mation); and 
‘‘(B) to cast a vote in such election. 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—The requirements under 
paragraph (1) shall not apply to a State in which, 
under a State law in effect continuously on and after 
the date of the enactment of this section, there is no 
voter registration requirement for individuals in the 
State with respect to elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—For purposes of this 
section, the term ‘eligible individual’ means, with respect 
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to any election for Federal office, an individual who is oth-
erwise qualified to vote in that election. 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Each State shall be re-
quired to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) 
for the regularly scheduled general election for Federal of-
fice occurring in November 2026 and for any subsequent 
election for Federal office.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO EN-
FORCEMENT.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) 
is amended by striking ‘‘sections 301, 302, and 303’’ and 
inserting ‘‘subtitle A of title III’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 304 and 305 as relating to sections 305 and 
306, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 303 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 304. Same day registration.’’. 
Subtitle D—Conditions on Removal 
on Basis of Interstate Cross-Checks 
SEC. 141. CONDITIONS ON REMOVAL OF REGISTRANTS 
FROM OFFICIAL LIST OF ELIGIBLE VOTERS 
ON BASIS OF INTERSTATE CROSS-CHECKS. 
(a) MINIMUM INFORMATION REQUIRED
FOR RE-
MOVAL UNDER CROSS-CHECK.—Section 8(c)(2) of the 
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National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20507(c)(2)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as sub-
paragraph (D); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the fol-
lowing new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(B) To the extent that the program carried out by 
a State under subparagraph (A) to systematically remove 
the names of ineligible voters from the official lists of eligi-
ble voters uses information obtained in an interstate cross- 
check, in addition to any other conditions imposed under 
this Act on the authority of the State to remove the name 
of the voter from such a list, the State may not remove 
the name of the voter from such a list unless— 
‘‘(i) the State obtained the voter’s full name 
(including the voter’s middle name, if any) and date 
of birth, and the last 4 digits of the voter’s Social 
Security number, in the interstate cross-check; or 
‘‘(ii) the State obtained documentation from the 
ERIC system that the voter is no longer a resident 
of the State. 
‘‘(C) In this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) the term ‘interstate cross-check’ means the 
transmission of information from an election official 
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in one State to an election official of another State; 
and 
‘‘(ii) the term ‘ERIC system’ means the system 
operated by the Electronic Registration Information 
Center to share voter registration information and 
voter identification information among participating 
States.’’. 
(b) REQUIRING COMPLETION
OF CROSS-CHECKS 
NOT LATER THAN 6 MONTHS PRIOR TO ELECTION.— 
Subparagraph (A) of section 8(c)(2) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘not later 
than 90 days’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘not later than 
90 days (or, in the case of a program in which the State 
uses interstate cross-checks, not later than 6 months)’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Subparagraph (D) 
of section 8(c)(2) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(c)(2)), 
as redesignated by subsection (a)(1), is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘Subparagraph (A)’’ and inserting ‘‘This paragraph’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this Act shall apply with respect to elections held on or 
after the expiration of the 6-month period which begins 
on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
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Subtitle E—Other Initiatives To 
Promote Voter Registration 
SEC. 151. BIENNIAL REPORTS ON VOTER REGISTRATION 
STATISTICS. 
(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after 
the end of each even-numbered year, each State shall sub-
mit to the Election Assistance Commission a report con-
taining the following categories of information for the pre-
ceding 2 years: 
(1) The number of individuals who were reg-
istered under subtitle B. 
(2) The number of voter registration applica-
tion forms completed by individuals that were trans-
mitted by motor vehicle authorities in the State 
(pursuant to section 5(d) of the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993) and voter registration agen-
cies in the State (as designated under section 7 of 
such Act) to the chief State election official of the 
State, broken down by each such authority and 
agency. 
(3) The number of such individuals whose voter 
registration application forms were accepted and 
who were registered to vote in the State and the 
number of such individuals whose forms were re-
jected and who were not registered to vote in the 
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State, broken down by each such authority and 
agency. 
(4) The number of change of address forms and 
other forms of information indicating that an indi-
vidual’s identifying information has been changed 
that were transmitted by such motor vehicle authori-
ties and voter registration agencies to the chief State 
election official of the State, broken down by each 
such authority and agency and the type of form 
transmitted. 
(5) The number of individuals on the Statewide 
computerized voter registration list (as established 
and maintained under section 303 of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002) whose voter registration 
information was revised by the chief State election 
official as a result of the forms transmitted to the 
official by such motor vehicle authorities and voter 
registration agencies (as described in paragraph 
(3)), broken down by each such authority and agen-
cy and the type of form transmitted. 
(6) The number of individuals who requested 
the chief State election official to revise voter reg-
istration information on such list, and the number of 
individuals whose information was revised as a result 
of such a request. 
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(b) BREAKDOWN OF INFORMATION.—In preparing 
the report under this section, the State shall, for each cat-
egory of information described in subsection (a), include 
a breakdown by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the 
individuals whose information is included in the category, 
to the extent that information on the race, ethnicity, age, 
and gender of such individuals is available to the State. 
(c) CONFIDENTIALITY
OF INFORMATION.—In pre-
paring and submitting a report under this section, the 
chief State election official shall ensure that no informa-
tion regarding the identification of any individual is re-
vealed. 
(d) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 10 
days after receiving a report under subsection (a), the 
Election Assistance Commission shall transmit such re-
port to Congress. 
(e) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, a ‘‘State’’ in-
cludes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, 
American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands, but does not include any State in which, 
under a State law in effect continuously on and after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, there is no voter reg-
istration requirement for individuals in the State with re-
spect to elections for Federal office. 
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(f) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the Sense of Con-
gress that for any State participating in the Election Ad-
ministration and Voting Survey administered by the Elec-
tion Assistance Commission, the Commission should use 
the information submitted in the report under subsection 
(a) as part of the State’s participation in the survey. 
SEC. 152. ENSURING PRE-ELECTION REGISTRATION DEAD-
LINES ARE CONSISTENT WITH TIMING OF 
LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAYS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 8(a)(1) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘30 days’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘28 days’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections held 
in 2025 or any succeeding year. 
SEC. 153. USE OF POSTAL SERVICE HARD COPY CHANGE OF 
ADDRESS FORM TO REMIND INDIVIDUALS TO 
UPDATE VOTER REGISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Postmaster General 
shall modify any hard copy change of address form used 
by the United States Postal Service so that such form con-
tains a reminder that any individual using such form 
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should update the individual’s voter registration as a re-
sult of any change in address. 
(b) APPLICATION.—The requirement in subsection 
(a) shall not apply to any electronic version of a change 
of address form used by the United States Postal Service. 
SEC. 154. GRANTS TO STATES FOR ACTIVITIES TO ENCOUR-
AGE INVOLVEMENT OF MINORS IN ELECTION 
ACTIVITIES. 
(a) GRANTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Election Assistance 
Commission (hereafter in this section referred to as 
the ‘‘Commission’’) shall make grants to eligible 
States to enable such States to carry out a plan to 
increase the involvement of individuals under 18 
years of age in public election activities in the State. 
(2) CONTENTS
OF
PLANS.—A State’s plan 
under this subsection shall include— 
(A) methods to promote the use of pre-reg-
istration processes; 
(B) modifications to the curriculum of sec-
ondary schools in the State to promote civic en-
gagement; and 
(C) such other activities to encourage the 
involvement of young people in the electoral 
process as the State considers appropriate. 
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(b) ELIGIBILITY.—A State is eligible to receive a 
grant under this section if the State submits to the Com-
mission, at such time and in such form as the Commission 
may require, an application containing— 
(1) a description of the State’s plan under sub-
section (a); 
(2) a description of the performance measures 
and targets the State will use to determine its suc-
cess in carrying out the plan; and 
(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
(c) PERIOD OF GRANT; REPORT.— 
(1) PERIOD OF GRANT.—A State receiving a 
grant under this section shall use the funds provided 
by the grant over a 2-year period agreed to between 
the State and the Commission. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after 
the end of the 2-year period agreed to under para-
graph (1), the State shall submit to the Commission 
a report on the activities the State carried out with 
the funds provided by the grant, and shall include 
in the report an analysis of the extent to which the 
State met the performance measures and targets in-
cluded in its application under subsection (b)(2). 
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(d) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘State’’ means each of the several States and the District 
of Columbia. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for grants under this 
section $25,000,000, to remain available until expended. 
Subtitle F—Availability of HAVA 
Requirements Payments 
SEC. 161. AVAILABILITY OF REQUIREMENTS PAYMENTS 
UNDER HAVA TO COVER COSTS OF COMPLI-
ANCE WITH NEW REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 251(b) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘as provided 
in paragraphs (2) and (3)’’ and inserting ‘‘as other-
wise provided in this subsection’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) CERTAIN
VOTER
REGISTRATION
ACTIVI-
TIES.—Notwithstanding paragraph (3), a State may 
use a requirements payment to carry out any of the 
requirements of the Voter Registration Moderniza-
tion Act of 2024, including the requirements of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 which are 
imposed pursuant to the amendments made to such 
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Act by the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 
2024.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 254(a)(1) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21004(a)(1)) is amended by strik-
ing 
‘‘section 
251(a)(2)’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘section 
251(b)(2)’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2025 
and each succeeding fiscal year. 
Subtitle 
G—Prohibiting 
Inter-
ference With Voter Registration 
SEC. 171. PROHIBITING HINDERING, INTERFERING WITH, 
OR PREVENTING VOTER REGISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United 
States Code is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section: 
‘‘§ 612. Hindering, interfering with, or preventing 
registering to vote 
‘‘(a) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, to 
corruptly hinder, interfere with, or prevent another person 
from registering to vote or to corruptly hinder, interfere 
with, or prevent another person from aiding another per-
son in registering to vote. 
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‘‘(b) ATTEMPT.—Any person who attempts to commit 
any offense described in subsection (a) shall be subject to 
the same penalties as those prescribed for the offense that 
the person attempted to commit. 
‘‘(c) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more 
than 5 years, or both.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code is amended 
by adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘612. Hindering, interfering with, or preventing registering to vote.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to elections held on 
or after the date of the enactment of this Act, except that 
no person may be found to have violated section 612 of 
title 18, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), 
on the basis of any act occurring prior to the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 172. ESTABLISHMENT OF BEST PRACTICES. 
(a) BEST PRACTICES.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assist-
ance Commission shall develop and publish recommenda-
tions for best practices for States to use to deter and pre-
vent violations of section 612 of title 18, United States 
Code (as added by section 171), and section 12 of the Na-
tional Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20511) 
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(relating to the unlawful interference with registering to 
vote, or voting, or attempting to register to vote or vote), 
including practices to provide for the posting of relevant 
information at polling places and voter registration agen-
cies under such Act, the training of poll workers and elec-
tion officials, and relevant educational materials. For pur-
poses of this subsection, the term ‘‘State’’ includes the 
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 
Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Is-
lands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands. 
(b) INCLUSION IN VOTER INFORMATION REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)(2)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subpara-
graph (E); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of sub-
paragraph (F) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(G) information relating to the prohibi-
tions of section 612 of title 18, United States 
Code, and section 12 of the National Voter 
Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20511) 
(relating to the unlawful interference with reg-
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istering to vote, or voting, or attempting to reg-
ister to vote or vote), including information on 
how individuals may report allegations of viola-
tions of such prohibitions.’’. 
Subtitle H—Voter Registration 
Efficiency Act 
SEC. 181. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Registration 
Efficiency Act’’. 
SEC. 182. REQUIRING APPLICANTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE 
DRIVER’S LICENSES IN NEW STATE TO INDI-
CATE WHETHER STATE SERVES AS RESI-
DENCE 
FOR 
VOTER 
REGISTRATION 
PUR-
POSES. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
APPLICANTS
FOR
LI-
CENSES.—Section 5(d) of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(d)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Any change’’ and inserting 
‘‘(1) Any change’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2)(A) A State motor vehicle authority shall 
require each individual applying for a motor vehicle 
driver’s license in the State— 
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‘‘(i) to indicate whether the individual 
resides in another State or resided in an-
other State prior to applying for the li-
cense, and, if so, to identify the State in-
volved; and 
‘‘(ii) to indicate whether the individual 
intends for the State to serve as the indi-
vidual’s residence for purposes of reg-
istering to vote in elections for Federal of-
fice. 
‘‘(B) If pursuant to subparagraph (A)(ii) 
an individual indicates to the State motor vehi-
cle authority that the individual intends for the 
State to serve as the individual’s residence for 
purposes of registering to vote in elections for 
Federal office, the authority shall notify the 
motor vehicle authority of the State identified 
by the individual pursuant to subparagraph 
(A)(i), who shall notify the chief State election 
official of such State that the individual no 
longer intends for that State to serve as the in-
dividual’s residence for purposes of registering 
to vote in elections for Federal office.’’. 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect with respect to elections 
occurring in 2025 or any succeeding year. 
Subtitle I—Providing Voter Reg-
istration Information to Sec-
ondary School Students 
SEC. 191. PILOT PROGRAM FOR PROVIDING VOTER REG-
ISTRATION INFORMATION TO SECONDARY 
SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIOR TO GRADUATION. 
(a) PILOT PROGRAM.—The Election Assistance Com-
mission (hereafter in this subtitle referred to as the ‘‘Com-
mission’’) shall carry out a pilot program under which the 
Commission shall provide funds during the one-year period 
beginning after the date of the enactment of this subtitle 
to eligible local educational agencies for initiatives to pro-
vide information on registering to vote in elections for pub-
lic office to secondary school students in the 12th grade. 
(b) ELIGIBILITY.—A local educational agency is eligi-
ble to receive funds under the pilot program under this 
subtitle if the agency submits to the Commission, at such 
time and in such form as the Commission may require, 
an application containing— 
(1) a description of the initiatives the agency 
intends to carry out with the funds; 
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(2) an estimate of the costs associated with 
such initiatives; and 
(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
(c) CONSULTATION WITH ELECTION OFFICIALS.—A 
local educational agency receiving funds under the pilot 
program shall consult with the State and local election of-
ficials who are responsible for administering elections for 
public office in the area served by the agency in developing 
the initiatives the agency will carry out with the funds. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this subtitle, the terms ‘‘local 
educational agency’’ and ‘‘secondary school’’ have the 
meanings given such terms in section 8101 of the Elemen-
tary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
7801). 
SEC. 192. REPORTS. 
(a) REPORTS BY RECIPIENTS OF FUNDS.—Not later 
than the expiration of the 90-day period which begins on 
the date of the receipt of the funds, each local educational 
agency receiving funds under the pilot program under this 
subtitle shall submit a report to the Commission describ-
ing the initiatives carried out with the funds and analyzing 
their effectiveness. 
(b) REPORT BY COMMISSION.—Not later than the ex-
piration of the 60-day period which begins on the date 
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the Commission receives the final report submitted by a 
local educational agency under subsection (a), the Com-
mission shall submit a report to Congress on the pilot pro-
gram under this subtitle. 
SEC. 193. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums 
as may be necessary to carry out this subtitle. 
Subtitle J—Voter Registration of 
Minors 
SEC. 194. ACCEPTANCE OF VOTER REGISTRATION APPLICA-
TIONS FROM INDIVIDUALS UNDER 18 YEARS 
OF AGE. 
(a) ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS.—Section 8 of 
the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20507), as amended by section 104, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (k) as sub-
section (l); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (j) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(k) ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS FROM INDIVID-
UALS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State may not refuse to 
accept or process an individual’s application to reg-
ister to vote in elections for Federal office on the 
grounds that the individual is under 18 years of age 
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at the time the individual submits the application, so 
long as the individual is at least 16 years of age at 
such time. 
‘‘(2) NO EFFECT ON STATE VOTING AGE RE-
QUIREMENTS.—Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
construed to require a State to permit an individual 
who is under 18 years of age at the time of an elec-
tion for Federal office to vote in the election.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections occur-
ring on or after January 1, 2025. 
TITLE II—ACCESS TO VOTING 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIS-
ABILITIES 
SEC. 201. REQUIREMENTS FOR STATES TO PROMOTE AC-
CESS TO VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), 
as amended by section 131(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as 
sections 306 and 307, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 304 the following 
new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 305. ACCESS TO VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
‘‘(a) TREATMENT
OF
APPLICATIONS
AND
BAL-
LOTS.—Each State shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure that absentee registration forms, 
absentee ballot applications, and absentee ballots 
that are available electronically are accessible (as de-
fined in section 306); 
‘‘(2) permit individuals with disabilities to use 
absentee registration procedures and to vote by ab-
sentee ballot in elections for Federal office; 
‘‘(3) accept and process, with respect to any 
election for Federal office, any otherwise valid voter 
registration application and absentee ballot applica-
tion from an individual with a disability if the appli-
cation is received by the appropriate State election 
official within the deadline for the election which is 
applicable under Federal law; 
‘‘(4) in addition to any other method of reg-
istering to vote or applying for an absentee ballot in 
the State, establish procedures— 
‘‘(A) for individuals with disabilities to re-
quest by mail and electronically voter registra-
tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions with respect to elections for Federal office 
in accordance with subsection (c); 
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‘‘(B) for States to send by mail and elec-
tronically (in accordance with the preferred 
method of transmission designated by the indi-
vidual under subparagraph (C)) voter registra-
tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions requested under subparagraph (A) in ac-
cordance with subsection (c); and 
‘‘(C) by which such an individual can des-
ignate whether the individual prefers that such 
voter registration application or absentee ballot 
application be transmitted by mail or electroni-
cally; 
‘‘(5) in addition to any other method of trans-
mitting blank absentee ballots in the State, establish 
procedures for transmitting by mail and electroni-
cally blank absentee ballots to individuals with dis-
abilities with respect to elections for Federal office 
in accordance with subsection (d); 
‘‘(6) transmit a validly requested absentee bal-
lot to an individual with a disability— 
‘‘(A) except as provided in subsection (e), 
in the case in which the request is received at 
least 45 days before an election for Federal of-
fice, not later than 45 days before the election; 
and 
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‘‘(B) in the case in which the request is re-
ceived less than 45 days before an election for 
Federal office— 
‘‘(i) in accordance with State law; and 
‘‘(ii) if practicable and as determined 
appropriate by the State, in a manner that 
expedites the transmission of such absen-
tee ballot; and 
‘‘(7) if the State declares or otherwise holds a 
runoff election for Federal office, establish a written 
plan that provides absentee ballots are made avail-
able to individuals with disabilities in a manner that 
gives them sufficient time to vote in the runoff elec-
tion. 
‘‘(b) DESIGNATION OF SINGLE STATE OFFICE TO 
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON REGISTRATION AND ABSEN-
TEE BALLOT PROCEDURES FOR VOTERS WITH DISABIL-
ITIES IN STATE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall designate 
a single office which shall be responsible for pro-
viding information regarding voter registration pro-
cedures, absentee ballot procedures, and in-person 
voting procedures to be used by individuals with dis-
abilities with respect to elections for Federal office 
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to all individuals with disabilities who wish to reg-
ister to vote or vote in any jurisdiction in the State. 
‘‘(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Each State shall, 
through the office designated in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) provide information to election offi-
cials— 
‘‘(i) on how to set up and operate ac-
cessible voting systems; and 
‘‘(ii) regarding the accessibility of vot-
ing procedures, including guidance on com-
patibility with assistive technologies such 
as screen readers and ballot marking de-
vices; 
‘‘(B) integrate information on accessibility, 
accommodations, disability, and older individ-
uals into regular training materials for poll 
workers and election administration officials; 
‘‘(C) train poll workers on how to make 
polling places accessible for individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals; 
‘‘(D) promote the hiring of individuals with 
disabilities and older individuals as poll workers 
and election staff; and 
‘‘(E) publicly post the results of any audits 
to determine the accessibility of polling places 
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no later than 6 months after the completion of 
the audit. 
‘‘(c) DESIGNATION OF MEANS OF ELECTRONIC COM-
MUNICATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES TO 
REQUEST AND FOR STATES TO SEND VOTER REGISTRA-
TION APPLICATIONS AND ABSENTEE BALLOT APPLICA-
TIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES RELATED TO VOTING 
INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall, in addi-
tion to the designation of a single State office under 
subsection (b), designate not less than 1 means of 
accessible electronic communication— 
‘‘(A) for use by individuals with disabilities 
who wish to register to vote or vote in any ju-
risdiction in the State to request voter registra-
tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions under subsection (a)(4); 
‘‘(B) for use by States to send voter reg-
istration applications and absentee ballot appli-
cations requested under such subsection; and 
‘‘(C) for the purpose of providing related 
voting, balloting, and election information to in-
dividuals with disabilities. 
‘‘(2) CLARIFICATION REGARDING PROVISION OF 
MULTIPLE
MEANS
OF
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICA-
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TION.—A State may, in addition to the means of 
electronic communication so designated, provide 
multiple means of electronic communication to indi-
viduals with disabilities, including a means of elec-
tronic communication for the appropriate jurisdic-
tion of the State. 
‘‘(3) INCLUSION
OF
DESIGNATED
MEANS
OF 
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATION
WITH
INFORMA-
TIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS THAT AC-
COMPANY BALLOTING MATERIALS.—Each State shall 
include a means of electronic communication so des-
ignated with all informational and instructional ma-
terials that accompany balloting materials sent by 
the State to individuals with disabilities. 
‘‘(4) TRANSMISSION IF NO PREFERENCE INDI-
CATED.—In the case where an individual with a dis-
ability does not designate a preference under sub-
section (a)(4)(C), the State shall transmit the voter 
registration application or absentee ballot application 
by any delivery method allowable in accordance with 
applicable State law, or if there is no applicable 
State law, by mail. 
‘‘(d) TRANSMISSION OF BLANK ABSENTEE BALLOTS 
BY MAIL AND ELECTRONICALLY.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall establish 
procedures— 
‘‘(A) to securely transmit blank absentee 
ballots by mail and electronically (in accordance 
with the preferred method of transmission des-
ignated by the individual with a disability under 
subparagraph (B)) to individuals with disabil-
ities for an election for Federal office; and 
‘‘(B) by which the individual with a dis-
ability can designate whether the individual pre-
fers that such blank absentee ballot be trans-
mitted by mail or electronically. 
‘‘(2) TRANSMISSION IF NO PREFERENCE INDI-
CATED.—In the case where an individual with a dis-
ability does not designate a preference under para-
graph (1)(B), the State shall transmit the ballot by 
any delivery method allowable in accordance with ap-
plicable State law, or if there is no applicable State 
law, by mail. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION OF METHODS TO TRACK DE-
LIVERY TO AND RETURN OF BALLOT BY INDIVIDUAL 
REQUESTING BALLOT.—Under the procedures estab-
lished under paragraph (1), the State shall apply 
such methods as the State considers appropriate, 
such as assigning a unique identifier to the ballot, 
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to ensure that if an individual with a disability re-
quests the State to transmit a blank absentee ballot 
to the individual in accordance with this subsection, 
the voted absentee ballot which is returned by the 
individual is the same blank absentee ballot which 
the State transmitted to the individual. 
‘‘(e) HARDSHIP EXEMPTION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the chief State election 
official determines that the State is unable to meet 
the requirement under subsection (a)(6)(A) with re-
spect to an election for Federal office due to an 
undue hardship described in paragraph (2)(B), the 
chief State election official shall request that the At-
torney General grant a waiver to the State of the 
application of such subsection. Such request shall in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) a recognition that the purpose of 
such subsection is to individuals with disabil-
ities enough time to vote in an election for Fed-
eral office; 
‘‘(B) an explanation of the hardship that 
indicates why the State is unable to transmit 
such individuals an absentee ballot in accord-
ance with such subsection; 
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‘‘(C) the number of days prior to the elec-
tion for Federal office that the State requires 
absentee ballots be transmitted to such individ-
uals; and 
‘‘(D) a comprehensive plan to ensure that 
such individuals are able to receive absentee 
ballots which they have requested and submit 
marked absentee ballots to the appropriate 
State election official in time to have that ballot 
counted in the election for Federal office, which 
includes— 
‘‘(i) the steps the State will undertake 
to ensure that such individuals have time 
to receive, mark, and submit their ballots 
in time to have those ballots counted in the 
election; 
‘‘(ii) why the plan provides such indi-
viduals sufficient time to vote as a sub-
stitute for the requirements under such 
subsection; and 
‘‘(iii) the underlying factual informa-
tion which explains how the plan provides 
such sufficient time to vote as a substitute 
for such requirements. 
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‘‘(2) APPROVAL
OF
WAIVER
REQUEST.—The 
Attorney General shall approve a waiver request 
under paragraph (1) if the Attorney General deter-
mines each of the following requirements are met: 
‘‘(A) The comprehensive plan under sub-
paragraph (D) of such paragraph provides indi-
viduals with disabilities sufficient time to re-
ceive absentee ballots they have requested and 
submit marked absentee ballots to the appro-
priate State election official in time to have that 
ballot counted in the election for Federal office. 
‘‘(B) One or more of the following issues 
creates an undue hardship for the State: 
‘‘(i) The State’s primary election date 
prohibits the State from complying with 
subsection (a)(6)(A). 
‘‘(ii) The State has suffered a delay in 
generating ballots due to a legal contest. 
‘‘(iii) The State Constitution prohibits 
the State from complying with such sub-
section. 
‘‘(3) TIMING OF WAIVER.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Except as provided 
under subparagraph (B), a State that requests 
a waiver under paragraph (1) shall submit to 
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the Attorney General the written waiver request 
not later than 90 days before the election for 
Federal office with respect to which the request 
is submitted. The Attorney General shall ap-
prove or deny the waiver request not later than 
65 days before such election. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—If a State requests a 
waiver under paragraph (1) as the result of an 
undue 
hardship 
described 
in 
paragraph 
(2)(B)(ii), the State shall submit to the Attor-
ney General the written waiver request as soon 
as practicable. The Attorney General shall ap-
prove or deny the waiver request not later than 
5 business days after the date on which the re-
quest is received. 
‘‘(4) APPLICATION OF WAIVER.—A waiver ap-
proved under paragraph (2) shall only apply with re-
spect to the election for Federal office for which the 
request was submitted. For each subsequent election 
for Federal office, the Attorney General shall only 
approve a waiver if the State has submitted a re-
quest under paragraph (1) with respect to such elec-
tion. 
‘‘(f) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed to allow a voter’s ballot selections 
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to be transmitted over the internet or to allow for the elec-
tronic submission of a marked ballot. 
‘‘(g) INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY DEFINED.— 
In this section, an ‘individual with a disability’ means an 
individual with an impairment that substantially limits 
any major life activities and who is otherwise qualified to 
vote in elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(h) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2025.’’. 
(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
ISSUANCE OF VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE BY ELECTION AS-
SISTANCE COMMISSION.— 
(1) TIMING OF ISSUANCE.—Section 311(b) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (2); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (3) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) in the case of the recommendations with 
respect to section 305, January 1, 2025.’’. 
(2) REDESIGNATION.—Title III of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended by redesignating 
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sections 311 and 312 as sections 321 and 322, re-
spectively. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 131(c)), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 
307, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 304 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 305. Access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabil-
ities.’’. 
SEC. 202. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE 
ACCESSIBLE ELECTION WEBSITES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as 
amended by section 131(a) and section 201(a), is amend-
ed— 
(1) by redesignating sections 306 and 307 as 
sections 307 and 308, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 305 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 306. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ACCES-
SIBLE ELECTION WEBSITES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall establish a sin-
gle election website that is accessible and meets the fol-
lowing requirements: 
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‘‘(1) 
LOCAL
ELECTION
OFFICIALS.—The 
website shall provide local election officials, poll 
workers, and volunteers with— 
‘‘(A) guidance to ensure that polling places 
are accessible for individuals with disabilities 
and older individuals in a manner that provides 
the same opportunity for access and participa-
tion (including privacy and independence) as for 
other voters; and 
‘‘(B) online training and resources on— 
‘‘(i) how best to promote the access 
and participation of individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals in elections 
for public office; and 
‘‘(ii) the voting rights and protections 
for individuals with disabilities and older 
individuals under State and Federal law. 
‘‘(2) VOTERS.—The website shall provide infor-
mation about voting, including— 
‘‘(A) the accessibility of all polling places 
within the State, including outreach programs 
to inform individuals about the availability of 
accessible polling places; 
‘‘(B) how to register to vote and confirm 
voter registration in the State; 
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‘‘(C) the location and operating hours of 
all polling places in the State; 
‘‘(D) the availability of aid or assistance 
for individuals with disabilities and older indi-
viduals to cast their vote in a manner that pro-
vides the same opportunity for access and par-
ticipation (including privacy and independence) 
as for other voters at polling places; 
‘‘(E) the availability of transportation aid 
or assistance to the polling place for individuals 
with disabilities or older individuals; 
‘‘(F) the rights and protections under 
State and Federal law for individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals to participate in 
elections; and 
‘‘(G) how to contact State, local, and Fed-
eral officials with complaints or grievances if in-
dividuals with disabilities, older individuals, Na-
tive Americans, Alaska Natives, and individuals 
with limited proficiency in the English language 
feel their ability to register to vote or vote has 
been blocked or delayed. 
‘‘(b) PARTNERSHIP WITH OUTSIDE TECHNICAL OR-
GANIZATION.—The chief State election official of each 
State, through the committee of appropriate individuals 
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under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with an outside 
technical organization with demonstrated experience in es-
tablishing accessible and easy to use accessible election 
websites to— 
‘‘(1) update an existing election website to 
make it fully accessible in accordance with this sec-
tion; or 
‘‘(2) develop an election website that is fully ac-
cessible in accordance with this section. 
‘‘(c) STATE PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) DEVELOPMENT.—The chief State election 
official of each State shall, through a committee of 
appropriate individuals as described in paragraph 
(2), develop a State plan that describes how the 
State and local governments will meet the require-
ments under this section. 
‘‘(2) COMMITTEE
MEMBERSHIP.—The com-
mittee shall comprise at least the following individ-
uals: 
‘‘(A) The chief election officials of the four 
most populous jurisdictions within the State. 
‘‘(B) The chief election officials of the four 
least populous jurisdictions within the State. 
‘‘(C) Representatives from two disability 
advocacy groups, including at least one such 
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representative who is an individual with a dis-
ability. 
‘‘(D) Representatives from two older indi-
vidual advocacy groups, including at least one 
such representative who is an older individual. 
‘‘(E) Representatives from two inde-
pendent non-governmental organizations with 
expertise in establishing and maintaining acces-
sible websites. 
‘‘(F) Representatives from two inde-
pendent non-governmental voting rights organi-
zations. 
‘‘(G) Representatives from State protection 
and advocacy systems as defined in section 102 
of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance 
and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 
15002). 
‘‘(d) PARTNERSHIP TO MONITOR AND VERIFY AC-
CESSIBILITY.—The chief State election official of each eli-
gible State, through the committee of appropriate individ-
uals under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with at least 
two of the following organizations to monitor and verify 
the accessibility of the election website and the complete-
ness of the election information and the accuracy of the 
disability information provided on such website: 
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‘‘(1) University Centers for Excellence in Devel-
opmental Disabilities Education, Research, and 
Services designated under section 151(a) of the De-
velopmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of 
Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15061(a)). 
‘‘(2) Centers for Independent Living, as de-
scribed in part C of title VII of the Rehabilitation 
Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796f et seq.). 
‘‘(3) A State Council on Developmental Disabil-
ities described in section 125 of the Developmental 
Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 
2000 (42 U.S.C. 15025). 
‘‘(4) State protection and advocacy systems as 
defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabil-
ities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 
U.S.C. 15002). 
‘‘(5) Statewide Independent Living Councils es-
tablished under section 705 of the Rehabilitation Act 
of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796d). 
‘‘(6) State Assistive Technology Act Programs. 
‘‘(7) A visual access advocacy organization. 
‘‘(8) An organization for the deaf. 
‘‘(9) A mental health organization. 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, 
section 305, and section 307: 
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‘‘(1) 
ACCESSIBLE.—The 
term 
‘accessible’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) in the case of the election website 
under subsection (a) or an electronic commu-
nication under section 305— 
‘‘(i) that the functions and content of 
the website or electronic communication, 
including all text, visual, and aural con-
tent, are as accessible to people with dis-
abilities as to those without disabilities; 
‘‘(ii) that the functions and content of 
the website or electronic communication 
are accessible to individuals with limited 
proficiency in the English language; and 
‘‘(iii) that the website or electronic 
communication meets, at a minimum, con-
formance to Level AA of the Web Content 
Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 of the Web Ac-
cessibility Initiative (or any successor 
guidelines); and 
‘‘(B) in the case of a facility (including a 
polling place), that the facility is readily acces-
sible to and usable by individuals with disabil-
ities and older individuals, as determined under 
the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design 
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100 
adopted by the Department of Justice (or any 
successor standards). 
‘‘(2) INDIVIDUAL
WITH
A
DISABILITY.—The 
term ‘individual with a disability’ means an indi-
vidual with a disability, as defined in section 3 of the 
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
12102), and who is otherwise qualified to vote in 
elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(3) OLDER INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘older in-
dividual’ means an individual who is 60 years of age 
or older and who is otherwise qualified to vote in 
elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(4) STATE.—The term ‘State’ means a State 
of the United States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory or 
possession of the United States. 
‘‘(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply on 
or after January 1, 2025.’’. 
(b) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by 
section 201(b), is amended by striking ‘‘section 305’’ and 
inserting ‘‘sections 305 and 306’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 131(c) and section 
201(c), is amended— 
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101 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 306 and 307 as relating to sections 307 and 
308, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 305 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 306. Establishment and maintenance of accessible election websites.’’. 
SEC. 203. PROTECTIONS FOR IN-PERSON VOTING FOR INDI-
VIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES AND OLDER IN-
DIVIDUALS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 
et seq.), as amended by section 131(a), section 
201(a), and section 202(a), is amended— 
(A) by redesignating sections 307 and 308 
as sections 308 and 309, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after section 306 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 307. ACCESS TO VOTING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIS-
ABILITIES AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure all polling places within the State 
are accessible, as defined in section 306; 
‘‘(2) consider procedures to address long wait 
times at polling places that allow individuals with 
disabilities and older individuals alternate options to 
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102 
cast a ballot in person in an election for Federal of-
fice, such as the option to cast a ballot outside of 
the polling place or from a vehicle, or providing an 
expedited voting line; and 
‘‘(3) consider options to establish ‘mobile poll-
ing sites’ to allow election officials or volunteers to 
travel to long-term care facilities and assist residents 
who request assistance in casting a ballot in order 
to maintain the privacy and independence of voters 
in these facilities. 
‘‘(b) CLARIFICATION.—Nothing in this section may 
be construed to alter the requirements under Federal law 
that all polling places for Federal elections are accessible 
to individuals with disabilities and older individuals. 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2027.’’. 
(2) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redes-
ignated by section 201(b) and as amended by section 
202, is amended by striking ‘‘and 306’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘, 306, and 307’’. 
(3) CLERICAL
AMENDMENTS.—The table of 
contents of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), 
section 201(c), and section 202(c), is amended— 
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(A) by redesignating the items relating to 
sections 307 and 308 as relating to sections 
308 and 309, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 306 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 307. Access to voting for individuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals.’’. 
(b) REVISIONS TO VOTING ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE 
ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ACT.— 
(1) REPORTS TO ELECTION ASSISTANCE COM-
MISSION.—Section 3(c) of the Voting Accessibility 
for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 
20102(c)) is amended— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION’’ and in-
serting ‘‘ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION’’; 
(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by 
striking ‘‘Federal Election Commission’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Election Assistance Commission’’; and 
(C) by striking paragraph (3). 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO 
REFERENCES.—The Voting Accessibility for the El-
derly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20101 et 
seq.), as amended by paragraph (1), is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘handicapped and elderly 
individuals’’ each place it appears and inserting 
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‘‘individuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘handicapped and elderly 
voters’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘in-
dividuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals’’; 
(C) in section 3(b)(2)(B), by striking 
‘‘handicapped or elderly voter’’ and inserting 
‘‘individual with a disability or older indi-
vidual’’; 
(D) in section 5(b), by striking ‘‘handi-
capped voter’’ and inserting ‘‘individual with a 
disability’’; and 
(E) in section 8— 
(i) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) ‘accessible’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 306 of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002, as added by section 202(a) of the Voter 
Empowerment Act of 2024; 
‘‘(2) ‘older individual’ has the meaning given 
that term in such section 306;’’; and 
(ii) by striking paragraph (4), and in-
serting the following: 
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‘‘(4) ‘individual with a disability’ has the mean-
ing given that term in such section 306; and’’. 
(3) SHORT TITLE AMENDMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the ‘‘Vot-
ing Accessibility for the Elderly and Handi-
capped Act’’ (Public Law 98–435; 42 U.S.C. 
1973ee note) is amended by striking ‘‘for the 
Elderly and Handicapped’’ and inserting ‘‘for 
Individuals with Disabilities and Older Individ-
uals’’. 
(B) REFERENCES.—Any reference in any 
other provision of law, regulation, document, 
paper, or other record of the United States to 
the ‘‘Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and 
Handicapped Act’’ shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Voting Accessibility for Individ-
uals with Disabilities and Older Individuals 
Act’’. 
(4) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect on January 1, 
2027, and apply to with respect to elections for Fed-
eral office held on or after that date. 
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SEC. 204. PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO 
GUARDIANSHIP. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as 
amended by section 131(a), section 201(a), section 202(a), 
and section 203(a)(1), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 308 and 309 as 
sections 309 and 310, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 307 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 308. PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO 
GUARDIANSHIP. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A State shall not determine that 
an individual lacks the capacity to vote in an election for 
Federal office on the ground that the individual is subject 
to guardianship, unless a court of competent jurisdiction 
issues a court order finding by clear and convincing evi-
dence that the individual cannot communicate, with or 
without accommodations, a desire to participate in the vot-
ing process. 
‘‘(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2025.’’. 
(b) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated by 
section 201(b) and as amended by sections 202 and 203, 
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is amended by striking ‘‘and 307’’ and inserting ‘‘307, and 
308’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 131(c), section 201(c), 
section 202(c), and section 203(a)(3), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 308 and 309 as relating to sections 309 and 
310, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 307 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 308. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship.’’. 
SEC. 205. EXPANSION AND REAUTHORIZATION OF GRANT 
PROGRAM TO ASSURE VOTING ACCESS FOR 
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) PURPOSES OF PAYMENTS.—Section 261(b) of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21021(b)) is 
amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) making absentee voting and voting at 
home accessible to individuals with the full range of 
disabilities (including impairments involving vision, 
hearing, mobility, or dexterity) through the imple-
mentation of accessible absentee voting systems that 
work in conjunction with assistive technologies for 
which individuals have access at their homes, inde-
pendent living centers, or other facilities; 
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‘‘(2) making polling places, including the path 
of travel, entrances, exits, and voting areas of each 
polling facility, accessible to individuals with disabil-
ities, including the blind and visually impaired, in a 
manner that provides the same opportunity for ac-
cess and participation (including privacy and inde-
pendence) as for other voters; and 
‘‘(3) providing solutions to problems of access 
to voting and elections for individuals with disabil-
ities that are universally designed and provide the 
same opportunities for individuals with and without 
disabilities.’’. 
(b) REAUTHORIZATION.—Section 264(a) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 21024(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2025 and each succeeding 
fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry 
out this part.’’. 
(c) PERIOD OF AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Section 
264 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21024) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘Any 
amounts’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in sub-
section (b), any amounts’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
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‘‘(c) RETURN AND TRANSFER OF CERTAIN FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) DEADLINE FOR OBLIGATION AND EXPEND-
ITURE.—In the case of any amounts appropriated 
pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) for a 
payment to a State or unit of local government for 
fiscal year 2025 or any succeeding fiscal year, any 
portion of such amounts which have not been obli-
gated or expended by the State or unit of local gov-
ernment prior to the expiration of the 4-year period 
which begins on the date the State or unit of local 
government first received the amounts shall be 
transferred to the Commission. 
‘‘(2) 
REALLOCATION
OF
TRANSFERRED 
AMOUNTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall 
use the amounts transferred under paragraph 
(1) to make payments on a pro rata basis to 
each covered payment recipient described in 
subparagraph (B), which may obligate and ex-
pend such payment for the purposes described 
in section 261(b) during the 1-year period 
which begins on the date of receipt. 
‘‘(B) COVERED PAYMENT RECIPIENTS DE-
SCRIBED.—In subparagraph (A), a ‘covered 
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payment recipient’ is a State or unit of local 
government with respect to which— 
‘‘(i) amounts were appropriated pur-
suant to the authority of subsection (a); 
and 
‘‘(ii) no amounts were transferred to 
the Commission under paragraph (1).’’. 
SEC. 206. APPOINTMENTS TO EAC BOARD OF ADVISORS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 214(a) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20944(a)) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘37’’ and inserting ‘‘49’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(17) Two members appointed by the National 
Council on Disability. 
‘‘(18) Two members appointed by the Assistant 
Secretary of Health and Human Services for Aging. 
‘‘(19) Four members from organizations, whose 
executive leadership team consists of fifty-one per-
cent of individuals with disabilities, representing the 
interests of voters with disabilities, of whom— 
‘‘(A) two members shall be appointed by 
the Committee on Education and Labor of the 
House of Representatives, of whom one shall be 
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appointed by the chair and one shall be ap-
pointed by the ranking minority member; and 
‘‘(B) two members shall be appointed by 
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 
and Pensions of the Senate, of whom one shall 
be appointed by the chair and one shall be ap-
pointed by the ranking minority member. 
‘‘(20) Four members from organizations rep-
resenting the interests of older voters, of whom— 
‘‘(A) two members shall be appointed by 
the Committee on Education and Labor of the 
House of Representatives, of whom one shall be 
appointed by the chair and one shall be ap-
pointed by the ranking minority member; and 
‘‘(B) two members shall be appointed by 
the Special Committee on Aging of the Senate, 
of whom one shall be appointed by the chair 
and one shall be appointed by the ranking mi-
nority member.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on January 1, 2022. 
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SEC. 207. PILOT PROGRAMS FOR ENABLING INDIVIDUALS 
WITH DISABILITIES TO REGISTER TO VOTE 
PRIVATELY AND INDEPENDENTLY AT RESI-
DENCES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT
OF PILOT PROGRAMS.—The 
Election Assistance Commission (hereafter referred to as 
the ‘‘Commission’’) shall, subject to the availability of ap-
propriations to carry out this section, make grants to eligi-
ble States to conduct pilot programs under which individ-
uals with disabilities may use electronic means (including 
the internet and telephones utilizing assistive devices) to 
register to vote and to request and receive absentee ballots 
in a manner which permits such individuals to do so pri-
vately and independently at their own residences. 
(b) REPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A State receiving a grant for 
a year under this section shall submit a report to the 
Commission on the pilot programs the State carried 
out with the grant with respect to elections for pub-
lic office held in the State during the year. 
(2) DEADLINE.—A State shall submit a report 
under paragraph (1) not later than 90 days after 
the last election for public office held in the State 
during the year. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—A State is eligible to receive a 
grant under this section if the State submits to the Com-
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mission, at such time and in such form as the Commission 
may require, an application containing such information 
and assurances as the Commission may require. 
(d) TIMING.—The Commission shall make the first 
grants under this section for pilot programs which will be 
in effect with respect to elections for Federal office held 
in 2025, or, at the option of a State, with respect to other 
elections for public office held in the State in 2025. 
(e) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the 
United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
SEC. 208. GAO ANALYSIS AND REPORT ON VOTING ACCESS 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) ANALYSIS.—The Comptroller General of the 
United States shall conduct an analysis after each regu-
larly scheduled general election for Federal office with re-
spect to the following: 
(1) In relation to polling places located in 
houses of worship or other facilities that may be ex-
empt from accessibility requirements under the 
Americans with Disabilities Act— 
(A) efforts to overcome accessibility chal-
lenges posed by such facilities; and 
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(B) the extent to which such facilities are 
used as polling places in elections for Federal 
office. 
(2) Assistance provided by the Election Assist-
ance Commission, Department of Justice, or other 
Federal agencies to help State and local officials im-
prove voting access for individuals with disabilities 
during elections for Federal office. 
(3) When accessible voting machines are avail-
able at a polling place, the extent to which such ma-
chines— 
(A) are located in places that are difficult 
to access; 
(B) malfunction; or 
(C) fail to provide sufficient privacy to en-
sure that the ballot of the individual cannot be 
seen by another individual. 
(4) The process by which Federal, State, and 
local governments track compliance with accessibility 
requirements related to voting access, including 
methods to receive and address complaints. 
(5) The extent to which poll workers receive 
training on how to assist individuals with disabil-
ities, including the receipt by such poll workers of 
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information on legal requirements related to voting 
rights for individuals with disabilities. 
(6) The extent and effectiveness of training pro-
vided to poll workers on the operation of accessible 
voting machines. 
(7) The extent to which individuals with a de-
velopmental or psychiatric disability experience 
greater barriers to voting, and whether poll worker 
training adequately addresses the needs of such indi-
viduals. 
(8) The extent to which State or local govern-
ments employ, or attempt to employ, individuals 
with disabilities to work at polling sites. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 9 months 
after the date of a regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office, the Comptroller General shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a report with respect to the most recent regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office that 
contains the following: 
(A) The analysis required by subsection 
(a). 
(B) Recommendations, as appropriate, to 
promote the use of best practices used by State 
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and local officials to address barriers to accessi-
bility and privacy concerns for individuals with 
disabilities in elections for Federal office. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives; 
(B) the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate. 
TITLE III—PROHIBITING VOTER 
CAGING 
SEC. 301. VOTER CAGING AND OTHER QUESTIONABLE 
CHALLENGES PROHIBITED. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United 
States Code, as amended by section 171(a), is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 613. Voter caging and other questionable chal-
lenges 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘voter caging document’ means— 
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‘‘(A) a nonforwardable document that is 
returned to the sender or a third party as unde-
livered or undeliverable despite an attempt to 
deliver such document to the address of a reg-
istered voter or applicant; or 
‘‘(B) any document with instructions to an 
addressee that the document be returned to the 
sender or a third party but is not so returned, 
despite an attempt to deliver such document to 
the address of a registered voter or applicant, 
unless at least two Federal election cycles have 
passed since the date of the attempted delivery; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘voter caging list’ means a list of 
individuals compiled from voter caging documents; 
and 
‘‘(3) the term ‘unverified match list’ means a 
list produced by matching the information of reg-
istered voters or applicants for voter registration to 
a list of individuals who are ineligible to vote in the 
registrar’s jurisdiction, by virtue of death, convic-
tion, change of address, or otherwise; unless one of 
the pieces of information matched includes a signa-
ture, photograph, or unique identifying number en-
suring that the information from each source refers 
to the same individual. 
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‘‘(b) PROHIBITION AGAINST VOTER CAGING.—No 
State or local election official shall prevent an individual 
from registering or voting in any election for Federal of-
fice, or permit in connection with any election for Federal 
office a formal challenge under State law to an individual’s 
registration status or eligibility to vote, if the basis for 
such decision is evidence consisting of— 
‘‘(1) a voter caging document or voter caging 
list; 
‘‘(2) an unverified match list; 
‘‘(3) an error or omission on any record or 
paper relating to any application, registration, or 
other act requisite to voting, if such error or omis-
sion is not material to an individual’s eligibility to 
vote under section 2004(a)(2)(B) of the Revised 
Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(a)(2)(B)); or 
‘‘(4) any other evidence so designated for pur-
poses of this section by the Election Assistance Com-
mission, 
except that the election official may use such evidence if 
it is corroborated by independent evidence of the individ-
ual’s ineligibility to register or vote. 
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENTS FOR CHALLENGES BY PERSONS 
OTHER THAN ELECTION OFFICIALS.— 
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‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
CHALLENGES.—No 
person, other than a State or local election official, 
shall submit a formal challenge to an individual’s eli-
gibility to register to vote in an election for Federal 
office or to vote in an election for Federal office un-
less that challenge is supported by personal knowl-
edge regarding the grounds for ineligibility which 
is— 
‘‘(A) documented in writing; and 
‘‘(B) subject to an oath or attestation 
under penalty of perjury that the challenger has 
a good faith factual basis to believe that the in-
dividual who is the subject of the challenge is 
ineligible to register to vote or vote in that elec-
tion, except a challenge which is based on the 
race, ethnicity, or national origin of the indi-
vidual who is the subject of the challenge may 
not be considered to have a good faith factual 
basis for purposes of this paragraph. 
‘‘(2) PROHIBITION
ON
CHALLENGES
ON
OR 
NEAR DATE OF ELECTION.—No person, other than 
a State or local election official, shall be permitted— 
‘‘(A) to challenge an individual’s eligibility 
to vote in an election for Federal office on Elec-
tion Day, or 
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‘‘(B) to challenge an individual’s eligibility 
to register to vote in an election for Federal of-
fice or to vote in an election for Federal office 
less than 10 days before the election unless the 
individual registered to vote less than 20 days 
before the election. 
‘‘(d) PENALTIES
FOR KNOWING MISCONDUCT.— 
Whoever knowingly challenges the eligibility of one or 
more individuals to register or vote or knowingly causes 
the eligibility of such individuals to be challenged in viola-
tion of this section with the intent that one or more eligi-
ble voters be disqualified, shall be fined under this title 
or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both, for each such 
violation. Each violation shall be a separate offense. 
‘‘(e) NO EFFECT ON RELATED LAWS.—Nothing in 
this section is intended to override the protections of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20501 et seq.) or to affect the Voting Rights Act of 1965 
(52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, as amended 
by section 171(b), is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘613. Voter caging and other questionable challenges.’’. 
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SEC. 302. DEVELOPMENT AND ADOPTION OF BEST PRAC-
TICES FOR PREVENTING VOTER CAGING. 
(a) BEST PRACTICES.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Election Assist-
ance Commission shall develop and publish for the use of 
States recommendations for best practices to deter and 
prevent violations of section 613 of title 18, United States 
Code, as added by section 301(a), including practices to 
provide for the posting of relevant information at polling 
places and voter registration agencies, the training of poll 
workers and election officials, and relevant educational 
measures. For purposes of this subsection, the term 
‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the 
United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
(b) INCLUSION IN VOTING INFORMATION REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)(2)), as amended by section 
172(b), is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subpara-
graph (F); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of sub-
paragraph (G) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
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‘‘(H) information relating to the prohibi-
tion against voter caging and other questionable 
challenges (as set forth in section 613 of title 
18, United States Code), including information 
on how individuals may report allegations of 
violations of such prohibition.’’. 
TITLE IV—PROHIBITING DECEP-
TIVE PRACTICES AND PRE-
VENTING 
VOTER 
INTIMIDA-
TION 
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Deceptive Practices 
and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 402. PROHIBITION ON DECEPTIVE PRACTICES IN FED-
ERAL ELECTIONS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Subsection (b) of section 2004 of 
the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘No person’’ and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—No person’’; and 
(2) by inserting at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(2) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING FEDERAL 
ELECTIONS.— 
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‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—No person, whether 
acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, 
within 60 days before an election described in 
paragraph (5), by any means, including by 
means of written, electronic, or telephonic com-
munications, communicate or cause to be com-
municated information described in subpara-
graph (B), or produce information described in 
subparagraph (B) with the intent that such in-
formation be communicated, if such person— 
‘‘(i) knows such information to be ma-
terially false; and 
‘‘(ii) has the intent to impede or pre-
vent another person from exercising the 
right to vote in an election described in 
paragraph (5). 
‘‘(B) INFORMATION
DESCRIBED.—Infor-
mation is described in this subparagraph if such 
information is regarding— 
‘‘(i) the time, place, or manner of 
holding any election described in para-
graph (5); or 
‘‘(ii) the qualifications for or restric-
tions on voter eligibility for any such elec-
tion, including— 
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‘‘(I) any criminal penalties asso-
ciated with voting in any such elec-
tion; or 
‘‘(II) information regarding a 
voter’s registration status or eligi-
bility. 
‘‘(3) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING PUBLIC 
ENDORSEMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—No person, whether 
acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, 
within 60 days before an election described in 
paragraph (5), by any means, including by 
means of written, electronic, or telephonic com-
munications, communicate, or cause to be com-
municated, a materially false statement about 
an endorsement, if such person— 
‘‘(i) knows such statement to be false; 
and 
‘‘(ii) has the intent to impede or pre-
vent another person from exercising the 
right to vote in an election described in 
paragraph (5). 
‘‘(B) 
DEFINITION
OF
‘MATERIALLY 
FALSE’.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), a 
statement about an endorsement is ‘materially 
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false’ if, with respect to an upcoming election 
described in paragraph (5)— 
‘‘(i) the statement states that a spe-
cifically named person, political party, or 
organization has endorsed the election of a 
specific candidate for a Federal office de-
scribed in such paragraph; and 
‘‘(ii) such person, political party, or 
organization has not endorsed the election 
of such candidate. 
‘‘(4) HINDERING, INTERFERING WITH, OR PRE-
VENTING VOTING OR REGISTERING TO VOTE.—No 
person, whether acting under color of law or other-
wise, shall intentionally hinder, interfere with, or 
prevent another person from voting, registering to 
vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to 
vote in an election described in paragraph (5). 
‘‘(5) ELECTION DESCRIBED.—An election de-
scribed in this paragraph is any general, primary, 
run-off, or special election held solely or in part for 
the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate 
for the office of President, Vice President, Presi-
dential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of 
the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Com-
missioner from a Territory or possession.’’. 
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(b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section 
2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)) 
is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Whenever any person’’ 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whenever any person’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) CIVIL ACTION.—Any person aggrieved by a 
violation of subsection (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) may 
institute a civil action for preventive relief, including 
an application in a United States district court for 
a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining 
order, or other order. In any such action, the court, 
in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party a 
reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 2004 
of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101) is 
amended— 
(A) in subsection (e), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (c)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)’’; 
and 
(B) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (c)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)’’. 
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(c) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.— 
(1) DECEPTIVE ACTS.—Section 594 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Whoever’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(a) INTIMIDATION.—Whoever’’; 
(B) in subsection (a), as inserted by sub-
paragraph (A), by striking ‘‘at any election’’ 
and inserting ‘‘at any general, primary, run-off, 
or special election’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subsections: 
‘‘(b) DECEPTIVE ACTS.— 
‘‘(1) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING FEDERAL 
ELECTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful 
for any person, whether acting under color of 
law or otherwise, within 60 days before an elec-
tion described in subsection (e), by any means, 
including by means of written, electronic, or tel-
ephonic communications, to communicate or 
cause to be communicated information de-
scribed in subparagraph (B), or produce infor-
mation described in subparagraph (B) with the 
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intent that such information be communicated, 
if such person— 
‘‘(i) knows such information to be ma-
terially false; and 
‘‘(ii) has the intent to mislead voters, 
or the intent to impede or prevent another 
person from exercising the right to vote in 
an election described in subsection (e). 
‘‘(B) INFORMATION
DESCRIBED.—Infor-
mation is described in this subparagraph if such 
information is regarding— 
‘‘(i) the time or place of holding any 
election described in subsection (e); or 
‘‘(ii) the qualifications for or restric-
tions on voter eligibility for any such elec-
tion, including— 
‘‘(I) any criminal penalties asso-
ciated with voting in any such elec-
tion; or 
‘‘(II) information regarding a 
voter’s registration status or eligi-
bility. 
‘‘(2) PENALTY.—Any person who violates para-
graph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, 
imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both. 
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‘‘(c) HINDERING, INTERFERING WITH, OR PRE-
VENTING VOTING OR REGISTERING TO VOTE.— 
‘‘(1) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful for 
any person, whether acting under color of law or 
otherwise, to intentionally hinder, interfere with, or 
prevent another person from voting, registering to 
vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to 
vote in an election described in subsection (e). 
‘‘(2) PENALTY.—Any person who violates para-
graph (1) shall be fined not more than $100,000, 
imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both. 
‘‘(d) ATTEMPT.—Any person who attempts to commit 
any offense described in subsection (a), (b)(1), or (c)(1) 
shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed 
for the offense that the person attempted to commit. 
‘‘(e) ELECTION DESCRIBED.—An election described 
in this subsection is any general, primary, run-off, or spe-
cial election held solely or in part for the purpose of nomi-
nating or electing a candidate for the office of President, 
Vice President, Presidential elector, Senator, Member of 
the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Resident 
Commissioner to the Congress.’’. 
(2) MODIFICATION OF PENALTY FOR VOTER IN-
TIMIDATION.—Section 594(a) of title 18, United 
States Code, as amended by paragraph (1), is 
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amended by striking ‘‘fined under this title or im-
prisoned not more than one year’’ and inserting 
‘‘fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned for not 
more than 5 years’’. 
(3) SENTENCING GUIDELINES.— 
(A) REVIEW AND AMENDMENT.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the United States Sentencing Commis-
sion, pursuant to its authority under section 
994 of title 28, United States Code, and in ac-
cordance with this section, shall review and, if 
appropriate, amend the Federal sentencing 
guidelines and policy statements applicable to 
persons convicted of any offense under section 
594 of title 18, United States Code, as amend-
ed by this section. 
(B) AUTHORIZATION.—The United States 
Sentencing Commission may amend the Federal 
Sentencing Guidelines in accordance with the 
procedures set forth in section 21(a) of the Sen-
tencing Act of 1987 (28 U.S.C. 994 note) as 
though the authority under that section had not 
expired. 
(4) PAYMENTS
FOR
REFRAINING
FROM
VOT-
ING.—Subsection (c) of section 11 of the Voting 
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Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10307) is amended 
by striking ‘‘either for registration to vote or for vot-
ing’’ and inserting ‘‘for registration to vote, for vot-
ing, or for not voting’’. 
SEC. 403. CORRECTIVE ACTION. 
(a) CORRECTIVE ACTION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Attorney General re-
ceives a credible report that materially false informa-
tion has been or is being communicated in violation 
of paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 2004(b) of the 
Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as added by 
section 402(a), and if the Attorney General deter-
mines that State and local election officials have not 
taken adequate steps to promptly communicate accu-
rate information to correct the materially false infor-
mation, the Attorney General shall, pursuant to the 
written procedures and standards under subsection 
(b), communicate to the public, by any means, in-
cluding by means of written, electronic, or telephonic 
communications, accurate information designed to 
correct the materially false information. 
(2) COMMUNICATION OF CORRECTIVE INFORMA-
TION.—Any information communicated by the Attor-
ney General under paragraph (1)— 
(A) shall— 
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(i) be accurate and objective; 
(ii) consist of only the information 
necessary to correct the materially false in-
formation that has been or is being com-
municated; and 
(iii) to the extent practicable, be by a 
means that the Attorney General deter-
mines will reach the persons to whom the 
materially false information has been or is 
being communicated; and 
(B) shall not be designed to favor or dis-
favor any particular candidate, organization, or 
political party. 
(b) WRITTEN PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS FOR 
TAKING CORRECTIVE ACTION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney 
General shall publish written procedures and stand-
ards for determining when and how corrective action 
will be taken under this section. 
(2) INCLUSION OF APPROPRIATE DEADLINES.— 
The procedures and standards under paragraph (1) 
shall include appropriate deadlines, based in part on 
the number of days remaining before the upcoming 
election. 
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(3) CONSULTATION.—In developing the proce-
dures and standards under paragraph (1), the Attor-
ney General shall consult with the Election Assist-
ance Commission, State and local election officials, 
civil rights organizations, voting rights groups, voter 
protection groups, and other interested community 
organizations. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General 
such sums as may be necessary to carry out this title. 
SEC. 404. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
each general election for Federal office, the Attorney Gen-
eral shall submit to Congress a report compiling all allega-
tions received by the Attorney General of deceptive prac-
tices described in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of section 
2004(b) of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)), as 
added by section 402(a), relating to the general election 
for Federal office and any primary, run-off, or a special 
election for Federal office held in the 2 years preceding 
the general election. 
(b) CONTENTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Each report submitted 
under subsection (a) shall include— 
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(A) a description of each allegation of a 
deceptive practice described in subsection (a), 
including the geographic location, racial and 
ethnic composition, and language minority- 
group membership of the persons toward whom 
the alleged deceptive practice was directed; 
(B) the status of the investigation of each 
allegation described in subparagraph (A); 
(C) a description of each corrective action 
taken by the Attorney General under section 
403(a) in response to an allegation described in 
subparagraph (A); 
(D) a description of each referral of an al-
legation described in subparagraph (A) to other 
Federal, State, or local agencies; 
(E) to the extent information is available, 
a description of any civil action instituted under 
section 2004(c)(2) of the Revised Statutes (52 
U.S.C. 10101(c)(2)), as added by section 
402(b), in connection with an allegation de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); and 
(F) a description of any criminal prosecu-
tion instituted under section 594 of title 18, 
United States Code, as amended by section 
402(c), in connection with the receipt of an alle-
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gation described in subparagraph (A) by the 
Attorney General. 
(2) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General 
shall not include in a report submitted under 
subsection (a) any information protected from 
disclosure by rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of 
Criminal Procedure or any Federal criminal 
statute. 
(B) EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN OTHER IN-
FORMATION.—The Attorney General may deter-
mine that the following information shall not be 
included in a report submitted under subsection 
(a): 
(i) Any information that is privileged. 
(ii) Any information concerning an 
ongoing investigation. 
(iii) Any information concerning a 
criminal or civil proceeding conducted 
under seal. 
(iv) Any other nonpublic information 
that the Attorney General determines the 
disclosure of which could reasonably be ex-
pected to infringe on the rights of any in-
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dividual or adversely affect the integrity of 
a pending or future criminal investigation. 
(c) REPORT MADE PUBLIC.—On the date that the 
Attorney General submits the report under subsection (a), 
the Attorney General shall also make the report publicly 
available through the internet and other appropriate 
means. 
TITLE V—DEMOCRACY 
RESTORATION 
SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Democracy Restora-
tion Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 502. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The right to vote is the most basic constitu-
tive act of citizenship. Regaining the right to vote 
reintegrates individuals with criminal convictions 
into free society, helping to enhance public safety. 
(2) Article I, section 4, of the Constitution 
grants Congress ultimate supervisory power over 
Federal elections, an authority which has repeatedly 
been upheld by the United States Supreme Court. 
(3) Basic constitutional principles of fairness 
and equal protection require an equal opportunity 
for citizens of the United States to vote in Federal 
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elections. The right to vote may not be abridged or 
denied by the United States or by any State on ac-
count of race, color, gender, or previous condition of 
servitude. The 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 
26th Amendments to the Constitution empower Con-
gress to enact measures to protect the right to vote 
in Federal elections. The 8th Amendment to the 
Constitution provides for no excessive bail to be re-
quired, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and 
unusual punishments inflicted. 
(4) There are 3 areas in which discrepancies in 
State laws regarding criminal convictions lead to un-
fairness in Federal elections— 
(A) the lack of a uniform standard for vot-
ing in Federal elections leads to an unfair dis-
parity and unequal participation in Federal 
elections based solely on where a person lives; 
(B) laws governing the restoration of vot-
ing rights after a criminal conviction vary 
throughout the country and persons in some 
States can easily regain their voting rights 
while in other States persons effectively lose 
their right to vote permanently; and 
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(C) State disenfranchisement laws dis-
proportionately impact racial and ethnic minori-
ties. 
(5) State disenfranchisement laws vary widely. 
Two States (Maine and Vermont) and the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico do not disenfranchise individ-
uals with criminal convictions at all. In 2020, the 
District of Columbia re-enfranchised its citizens who 
are under the supervision of the Federal Bureau of 
Prisons. In 30 States, individuals with convictions 
may not vote while they are on parole and 28 of 
those States disenfranchise individuals on felony 
probation as well. In 11 States, a conviction can re-
sult in lifetime disenfranchisement. 
(6) Several States deny the right to vote to in-
dividuals convicted of certain misdemeanors. 
(7) In 2020, an estimated 5,200,000 citizens of 
the United States, or about 1 in 44 adults in the 
United States, could not vote as a result of a felony 
conviction. Of the 5,200,000 citizens barred from 
voting then, only 24 percent were in prison. By con-
trast, 75 percent of persons disenfranchised then re-
sided in their communities while on probation or pa-
role or after having completed their sentences. Ap-
proximately 2,200,000 citizens who had completed 
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their sentences were disenfranchised due to restric-
tive State laws. As of November 2018, the lifetime 
ban for persons with certain felony convictions was 
eliminated through a Florida ballot initiative. As a 
result, as many as 1,400,000 people are now eligible 
to have their voting rights restored. In 4 States— 
Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee—more 
than 
percent 
of 
the 
total 
population 
is 
disenfranchised. 
(8) In those States that disenfranchise individ-
uals post-sentence, the right to vote can be regained 
in theory, but in practice this possibility is often 
granted in a non-uniform and potentially discrimina-
tory manner. Disenfranchised individuals sometimes 
must either obtain a pardon or an order from the 
Governor or an action by the parole or pardon 
board, depending on the offense and State. Individ-
uals convicted of a Federal offense often have addi-
tional barriers to regaining voting rights. 
(9) State disenfranchisement laws dispropor-
tionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. In re-
cent years, African Americans have been imprisoned 
at over 5 times the rate of Whites. More than 6 per-
cent of the voting-age African-American population, 
or 1,800,000 African Americans, are disenfranchised 
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due to a felony conviction. In 9 States—Alabama 
(16 percent), Arizona (13 percent), Florida (15 per-
cent), Kentucky (15 percent), Mississippi (16 per-
cent), South Dakota (14 percent), Tennessee (21 
percent), Virginia (16 percent), and Wyoming (36 
percent)—more than 1 in 8 African Americans are 
unable to vote because of a felony conviction, twice 
the national average for African Americans. 
(10) Latino citizens are also disproportionately 
disenfranchised based upon their disproportionate 
representation in the criminal justice system. In re-
cent years, Latinos have been imprisoned at 2.5 
times the rate of Whites. More than 2 percent of the 
voting-age Latino population, or 560,000 Latinos, 
are disenfranchised due to a felony conviction. In 34 
states Latinos are disenfranchised at a higher rate 
than the general population. In 11 states 4 percent 
or more of Latino adults are disenfranchised due to 
a felony conviction (Alabama, 4 percent; Arizona, 7 
percent; Arkansas, 4 percent; Idaho, 4 percent; 
Iowa, 4 percent; Kentucky, 6 percent; Minnesota, 4 
percent; Mississippi, 5 percent; Nebraska, 6 percent; 
Tennessee, 11 percent, Wyoming, 4 percent), twice 
the national average for Latinos. 
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(11) Disenfranchising citizens who have been 
convicted of a criminal offense and who are living 
and working in the community serves no compelling 
State interest and hinders their rehabilitation and 
reintegration into society. 
(12) State disenfranchisement laws can sup-
press electoral participation among eligible voters by 
discouraging voting among family and community 
members of disenfranchised persons. Future elec-
toral participation by the children of disenfranchised 
parents may be impacted as well. 
(13) The United States is one of the only West-
ern democracies that permits the permanent denial 
of voting rights for individuals with felony convic-
tions. 
SEC. 503. RIGHTS OF CITIZENS. 
The right of an individual who is a citizen of the 
United States to vote in any election for Federal office 
shall not be denied or abridged because that individual has 
been convicted of a criminal offense unless such individual 
is serving a felony sentence in a correctional institution 
or facility at the time of the election. 
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SEC. 504. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The Attorney General 
may, in a civil action, obtain such declaratory or injunctive 
relief as is necessary to remedy a violation of this title. 
(b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A person who is aggrieved 
by a violation of this title may provide written notice 
of the violation to the chief election official of the 
State involved. 
(2) RELIEF.—Except as provided in paragraph 
(3), if the violation is not corrected within 90 days 
after receipt of a notice under paragraph (1), or 
within 20 days after receipt of the notice if the viola-
tion occurred within 120 days before the date of an 
election for Federal office, the aggrieved person 
may, in a civil action, obtain declaratory or injunc-
tive relief with respect to the violation. 
(3) EXCEPTION.—If the violation occurred 
within 30 days before the date of an election for 
Federal office, the aggrieved person need not provide 
notice to the chief election official of the State under 
paragraph (1) before bringing a civil action to obtain 
declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the 
violation. 
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SEC. 505. NOTIFICATION OF RESTORATION OF VOTING 
RIGHTS. 
(a) STATE NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) NOTIFICATION.—On the date determined 
under paragraph (2), each State shall— 
(A) notify in writing any individual who 
has been convicted of a criminal offense under 
the law of that State that such individual— 
(i) has the right to vote in an election 
for Federal office pursuant to the Democ-
racy Restoration Act of 2024; and 
(ii) may register to vote in any such 
election; and 
(B) provide such individual with any mate-
rials that are necessary to register to vote in 
any such election. 
(2) DATE OF NOTIFICATION.— 
(A) FELONY CONVICTION.—In the case of 
such an individual who has been convicted of a 
felony, the notification required under para-
graph (1) shall be given on the date on which 
the individual— 
(i) is sentenced to serve only a term 
of probation; or 
(ii) is released from the custody of 
that State (other than to the custody of 
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144 
another State or the Federal Government 
to serve a term of imprisonment for a fel-
ony conviction). 
(B) MISDEMEANOR
CONVICTION.—In the 
case of such an individual who has been con-
victed of a misdemeanor, the notification re-
quired under paragraph (1) shall be given on 
the date on which such individual is sentenced 
by a State court. 
(b) FEDERAL NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) NOTIFICATION.—Any individual who has 
been convicted of a criminal offense under Federal 
law— 
(A) shall be notified in accordance with 
paragraph (2) that such individual— 
(i) has the right to vote in an election 
for Federal office pursuant to the Democ-
racy Restoration Act of 2024; and 
(ii) may register to vote in any such 
election; and 
(B) shall be provided with any materials 
that are necessary to register to vote in any 
such election. 
(2) DATE OF NOTIFICATION.— 
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(A) FELONY CONVICTION.—In the case of 
such an individual who has been convicted of a 
felony, the notification required under para-
graph (1) shall be given— 
(i) in the case of an individual who is 
sentenced to serve only a term of proba-
tion, by the Assistant Director for the Of-
fice of Probation and Pretrial Services of 
the Administrative Office of the United 
States Courts on the date on which the in-
dividual is sentenced; or 
(ii) in the case of any individual com-
mitted to the custody of the Bureau of 
Prisons, by the Director of the Bureau of 
Prisons, during the period beginning on 
the date that is 6 months before such indi-
vidual is released and ending on the date 
such individual is released from the cus-
tody of the Bureau of Prisons. 
(B) MISDEMEANOR
CONVICTION.—In the 
case of such an individual who has been con-
victed of a misdemeanor, the notification re-
quired under paragraph (1) shall be given on 
the date on which such individual is sentenced 
by a court established by an Act of Congress. 
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146 
SEC. 506. DEFINITIONS. 
For purposes of this title: 
(1) CORRECTIONAL
INSTITUTION
OR
FACIL-
ITY.—The term ‘‘correctional institution or facility’’ 
means any prison, penitentiary, jail, or other institu-
tion or facility for the confinement of individuals 
convicted of criminal offenses, whether publicly or 
privately operated, except that such term does not 
include any residential community treatment center 
(or similar public or private facility). 
(2) ELECTION.—The term ‘‘election’’ means— 
(A) a general, special, primary, or runoff 
election; 
(B) a convention or caucus of a political 
party held to nominate a candidate; 
(C) a primary election held for the selec-
tion of delegates to a national nominating con-
vention of a political party; or 
(D) a primary election held for the expres-
sion of a preference for the nomination of per-
sons for election to the office of President. 
(3) FEDERAL OFFICE.—The term ‘‘Federal of-
fice’’ means the office of President or Vice President 
of the United States, or of Senator or Representa-
tive in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, 
the Congress of the United States. 
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(4) PROBATION.—The term ‘‘probation’’ means 
probation, imposed by a Federal, State, or local 
court, with or without a condition on the individual 
involved concerning— 
(A) the individual’s freedom of movement; 
(B) the payment of damages by the indi-
vidual; 
(C) periodic reporting by the individual to 
an officer of the court; or 
(D) supervision of the individual by an of-
ficer of the court. 
SEC. 507. RELATION TO OTHER LAWS. 
(a) STATE LAWS RELATING TO VOTING RIGHTS.— 
Nothing in this title be construed to prohibit the States 
from enacting any State law which affords the right to 
vote in any election for Federal office on terms less restric-
tive than those established by this title. 
(b) CERTAIN FEDERAL ACTS.—The rights and rem-
edies established by this title— 
(1) are in addition to all other rights and rem-
edies provided by law, and 
(2) shall not supersede, restrict, or limit the ap-
plication of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 
U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) or the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.). 
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SEC. 508. FEDERAL PRISON FUNDS. 
No State, unit of local government, or other person 
may receive or use, to construct or otherwise improve a 
prison, jail, or other place of incarceration, any Federal 
funds unless that person has in effect a program under 
which each individual incarcerated in that person’s juris-
diction who is a citizen of the United States is notified, 
upon release from such incarceration, of that individual’s 
rights under section 503. 
SEC. 509. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This title shall apply to citizens of the United States 
voting in any election for Federal office held after the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
TITLE 
VI—PROMOTING 
ACCU-
RACY, INTEGRITY, AND SECU-
RITY 
THROUGH 
VOTER- 
VERIFIED 
PERMANENT 
PAPER BALLOT 
SEC. 601. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Confidence and 
Increased Accessibility Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 602. PAPER BALLOT AND MANUAL COUNTING RE-
QUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(a)(2) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(2)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
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‘‘(2) PAPER BALLOT REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(A) VOTER-VERIFIED PAPER BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(i) PAPER BALLOT REQUIREMENT.— 
(I) The voting system shall require the use 
of an individual, durable, voter-verified 
paper ballot of the voter’s vote that shall 
be marked and made available for inspec-
tion and verification by the voter before 
the voter’s vote is cast and counted, and 
which shall be counted by hand or read by 
an optical character recognition device or 
other counting device. For purposes of this 
subclause, the term ‘individual, durable, 
voter-verified paper ballot’ means a paper 
ballot marked by the voter by hand or a 
paper ballot marked through the use of a 
nontabulating ballot marking device or sys-
tem, so long as the voter shall have the op-
tion to mark his or her ballot by hand. 
‘‘(II) The voting system shall provide 
the voter with an opportunity to correct 
any error on the paper ballot before the 
permanent voter-verified paper ballot is 
preserved in accordance with clause (ii). 
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‘‘(III) The voting system shall not 
preserve the voter-verified paper ballots in 
any manner that makes it possible, at any 
time after the ballot has been cast, to asso-
ciate a voter with the record of the voter’s 
vote without the voter’s consent. 
‘‘(IV) The voting system shall pre-
vent, 
through 
mechanical 
means 
or 
through independently verified protections, 
the modification or addition of vote selec-
tions on a printed or marked ballot at any 
time after the voter has been provided an 
opportunity to correct errors on the ballot 
pursuant to subclause (II). 
‘‘(ii) PRESERVATION
AS
OFFICIAL 
RECORD.—The individual, durable, voter- 
verified paper ballot used in accordance 
with clause (i) shall constitute the official 
ballot and shall be preserved and used as 
the official ballot for purposes of any re-
count or audit conducted with respect to 
any election for Federal office in which the 
voting system is used. 
‘‘(iii) MANUAL
COUNTING
REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR RECOUNTS AND AUDITS.—(I) 
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Each paper ballot used pursuant to clause 
(i) shall be suitable for a manual audit, 
and shall be counted by hand in any re-
count or audit conducted with respect to 
any election for Federal office. 
‘‘(II) In the event of any inconsist-
encies or irregularities between any elec-
tronic vote tallies and the vote tallies de-
termined by counting by hand the indi-
vidual, durable, voter-verified paper ballots 
used pursuant to clause (i), and subject to 
subparagraph (B), the individual, durable, 
voter-verified paper ballots shall be the 
true and correct record of the votes cast. 
‘‘(iv) APPLICATION
TO
ALL
BAL-
LOTS.—The requirements of this subpara-
graph shall apply to all ballots cast in elec-
tions for Federal office, including ballots 
cast by absent uniformed services voters 
and overseas voters under the Uniformed 
and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act 
and other absentee voters. 
‘‘(B) SPECIAL RULE FOR TREATMENT OF 
DISPUTES WHEN PAPER BALLOTS HAVE BEEN 
SHOWN TO BE COMPROMISED.— 
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‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—In the event 
that— 
‘‘(I) there is any inconsistency 
between any electronic vote tallies and 
the vote tallies determined by count-
ing by hand the individual, durable, 
voter-verified paper ballots used pur-
suant to subparagraph (A)(i) with re-
spect to any election for Federal of-
fice; and 
‘‘(II) it is demonstrated by clear 
and convincing evidence (as deter-
mined in accordance with the applica-
ble standards in the jurisdiction in-
volved) in any recount, audit, or con-
test of the result of the election that 
the paper ballots have been com-
promised (by damage or mischief or 
otherwise) and that a sufficient num-
ber of the ballots have been so com-
promised that the result of the elec-
tion could be changed, 
the determination of the appropriate rem-
edy with respect to the election shall be 
made in accordance with applicable State 
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law, except that the electronic tally shall 
not be used as the exclusive basis for de-
termining the official certified result. 
‘‘(ii) RULE FOR CONSIDERATION OF 
BALLOTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH VOTING 
MACHINE.—For purposes of clause (i), 
only the paper ballots deemed com-
promised, if any, shall be considered in the 
calculation of whether or not the result of 
the election could be changed due to the 
compromised paper ballots.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT CLARIFYING APPLI-
CABILITY OF ALTERNATIVE LANGUAGE ACCESSIBILITY.— 
Section 301(a)(4) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(4)) 
is amended by inserting ‘‘(including the paper ballots re-
quired to be used under paragraph (2))’’ after ‘‘voting sys-
tem’’. 
(c) OTHER CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 
301(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
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(2) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; 
(3) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘counted, in 
accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and 
(4) in subparagraph (B)(ii), by striking ‘‘count-
ed’’ and inserting ‘‘counted, in accordance with 
paragraphs (2) and (3)’’. 
SEC. 603. ACCESSIBILITY AND BALLOT VERIFICATION FOR 
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(a)(3)(B) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081(a)(3)(B)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(B)(i) ensure that individuals with dis-
abilities and others are given an equivalent op-
portunity to vote, including with privacy and 
independence, in a manner that produces a 
voter-verified paper ballot; 
‘‘(ii) satisfy the requirement of subpara-
graph (A) through the use of at least one voting 
system equipped for individuals with disabil-
ities, including nonvisual and enhanced visual 
accessibility for the blind and visually impaired, 
and nonmanual and enhanced manual accessi-
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bility for the mobility and dexterity impaired, at 
each polling place; and 
‘‘(iii) meet the requirements of subpara-
graph (A) and paragraph (2)(A) by using a sys-
tem that— 
‘‘(I) allows the voter to privately and 
independently verify the permanent paper 
ballot through the presentation, in acces-
sible form, of the printed or marked vote 
selections from the same printed or 
marked information that would be used for 
any vote counting or auditing; and 
‘‘(II) allows the voter to privately and 
independently verify and cast the perma-
nent paper ballot without requiring the 
voter to manually handle the paper bal-
lot;’’. 
(b) SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT OF STUDY, TESTING, 
AND DEVELOPMENT OF ACCESSIBLE VOTING OPTIONS.— 
(1) STUDY
AND
REPORTING.—Subtitle C of 
title II of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating section 247 as section 
248; and 
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(B) by inserting after section 246 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 247. STUDY AND REPORT ON ACCESSIBLE VOTING 
OPTIONS. 
‘‘(a) GRANTS TO STUDY AND REPORT.—The Com-
mission, in coordination with the Access Board and the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, shall 
make grants to not fewer than 3 eligible entities to study, 
test, and develop accessible and secure remote voting sys-
tems and voting, verification, and casting devices to en-
hance the accessibility of voting and verification for indi-
viduals with disabilities. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.—An entity is eligible to receive a 
grant under this part if it submits to the Commission (at 
such time and in such form as the Commission may re-
quire) an application containing— 
‘‘(1) a certification that the entity shall com-
plete the activities carried out with the grant not 
later than January 1, 2027; and 
‘‘(2) such other information and certifications 
as the Commission may require. 
‘‘(c) AVAILABILITY
OF TECHNOLOGY.—Any tech-
nology developed with the grants made under this section 
shall be treated as non-proprietary and shall be made 
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available to the public, including to manufacturers of vot-
ing systems. 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION WITH GRANTS
FOR TECH-
NOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.—The Commission shall carry 
out this section so that the activities carried out with the 
grants made under subsection (a) are coordinated with the 
research conducted under the grant program carried out 
by the Commission under section 271, to the extent that 
the Commission determine necessary to provide for the ad-
vancement of accessible voting technology. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection 
(a) $10,000,000, to remain available until expended.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended— 
(A) by redesignating the item relating to 
section 247 as relating to section 248; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 246 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 247. Study and report on accessible voting options.’’. 
(c) CLARIFICATION OF ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS 
UNDER VOLUNTARY VOTING SYSTEM GUIDANCE.—In 
adopting any voluntary guidance under subtitle B of title 
III of the Help America Vote Act with respect to the ac-
cessibility of the paper ballot verification requirements for 
individuals with disabilities, the Election Assistance Com-
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mission shall include and apply the same accessibility 
standards applicable under the voluntary guidance adopt-
ed for accessible voting systems under such subtitle. 
(d) PERMITTING USE OF FUNDS FOR PROTECTION 
AND ADVOCACY SYSTEMS TO SUPPORT ACTIONS TO EN-
FORCE ELECTION-RELATED DISABILITY ACCESS.—Sec-
tion 292(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 21062(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘; except that’’ 
and all that follows and inserting a period. 
SEC. 604. DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIREMENTS 
FOR BALLOTS. 
Section 301(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21081(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) DURABILITY AND READABILITY REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(A) DURABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
FOR 
PAPER BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—All voter-verified 
paper ballots required to be used under 
this Act shall be marked or printed on du-
rable paper. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—For purposes of 
this Act, paper is ‘durable’ if it is capable 
of withstanding multiple counts and re-
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