H. R. 2419—340 
‘‘(vi) perform such other duties as the Under Sec-
retary may determine. 
‘‘(4) GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) FUNDING.—Notwithstanding any Act making 
appropriations for the Department of Agriculture, whether 
enacted before, on, or after the date of enactment of this 
paragraph unless the appropriation Act specifically refers 
to this subsection and specifically includes the administra-
tion of funds under this section, the Secretary may transfer 
funds made available to an agency in the research, edu-
cation, and economics mission area to fund the costs of 
Division personnel. 
‘‘(B) LIMITATION.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable— 
‘‘(i) the Under Secretary shall minimize the 
number of full-time equivalent positions in the Divi-
sions; and 
‘‘(ii) at no time shall the aggregate number of 
staff for all Divisions exceed 30 full-time equivalent 
positions. 
‘‘(C) ROTATION
OF
PERSONNEL.—To the maximum 
extent practicable, and using the authority described in 
paragraph (3)(A), the Under Secretary shall rotate per-
sonnel among the Divisions, and between the Divisions 
and agencies of the Department, in a manner that— 
‘‘(i) promotes leadership and professional develop-
ment; and 
‘‘(ii) enables personnel to interact with other agen-
cies of the Department. 
‘‘(5) ORGANIZATION.—The Under Secretary shall integrate 
leadership functions of the national program staff of the 
research agencies into the Research, Education and Extension 
Office in such form as is required to ensure that administrative 
duplication does not occur. 
‘‘(f) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) ADVISORY
BOARD.—The term ‘Advisory Board’ 
means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Edu-
cation, and Economics Advisory Board established under 
section 1408 of the National Agricultural Research, Exten-
sion, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3123). 
‘‘(B) APPLIED RESEARCH.—The term ‘applied research’ 
means research that includes expansion of the findings 
of fundamental research to uncover practical ways in which 
new knowledge can be advanced to benefit individuals and 
society. 
‘‘(C) CAPACITY
AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
PROGRAM.—The 
term ‘capacity and infrastructure program’ means each of 
the following agricultural research, extension, education, 
and related programs for which the Secretary has adminis-
trative or other authority as of the day before the date 
of enactment of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act 
of 2008: 
‘‘(i) Each program providing funding to any of the 
1994 Institutions under sections 533, 534(a), and 535 
of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382).
H. R. 2419—341 
‘‘(ii) The program established under section 536 
of the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act 
of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382) pro-
viding research grants for 1994 Institutions. 
‘‘(iii) Each program established under subsections 
(b) and (c) of section 3 of the Smith-Lever Act (7 
U.S.C. 343). 
‘‘(iv) Each program established under the Hatch 
Act of 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.). 
‘‘(v) Each program established under section 
1417(b) of the National Agricultural Research, Exten-
sion, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
3152(b)). 
‘‘(vi) The animal health and disease research pro-
gram established under subtitle E of the National Agri-
cultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act 
of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3191 et seq.). 
‘‘(vii) Each extension program available to 1890 
Institutions established under section 1444 of the 
National 
Agricultural 
Research, 
Extension, 
and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3221). 
‘‘(viii) The program established under section 1445 
of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222). 
‘‘(ix) The program providing grants to upgrade 
agricultural and food sciences facilities at 1890 Institu-
tions established under section 1447 of the National 
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy 
Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222b). 
‘‘(x) The program providing distance education 
grants for insular areas established under section 1490 
of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3362). 
‘‘(xi) The program providing resident instruction 
grants for insular areas established under section 1491 
of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3363). 
‘‘(xii) Each research and development and related 
program established under Public Law 87–788 (com-
monly known as the ‘McIntire-Stennis Cooperative For-
estry Act’) (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.). 
‘‘(xiii) Each program established under the Renew-
able Resources Extension Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1671 
et seq.). 
‘‘(xiv) Each program providing funding to Hispanic- 
serving agricultural colleges and universities under 
section 1456 of the National Agricultural Research, 
Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977. 
‘‘(xv) The program providing capacity grants to 
NLGCA Institutions under section 1473F of the 
National 
Agricultural 
Research, 
Extension, 
and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977. 
‘‘(xvi) Other programs that are capacity and infra-
structure programs, as determined by the Secretary. 
‘‘(D) COMPETITIVE
PROGRAM.—The term ‘competitive 
program’ means each of the following agricultural research, 
extension, education, and related programs for which the
H. R. 2419—342 
Secretary has administrative or other authority as of the 
day before the date of enactment of the Food, Conservation, 
and Energy Act of 2008: 
‘‘(i) The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative 
established under section 2(b) of the Competitive, Spe-
cial, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 
450i(b)). 
‘‘(ii) The program providing competitive grants for 
risk management education established under section 
524(a)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
1524(a)(3)). 
‘‘(iii) The program providing community food 
project competitive grants established under section 
25 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 
2034). 
‘‘(iv) The program providing grants for beginning 
farmer and rancher development established under sec-
tion 7405 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment 
Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3319f). 
‘‘(v) The program providing grants under section 
1417(j) of the National Agricultural Research, Exten-
sion, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3152(j)). 
‘‘(vi) The program providing grants for Hispanic- 
serving institutions established under section 1455 of 
the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3241). 
‘‘(vii) The program providing competitive grants 
for international agricultural science and education 
programs under section 1459A of the National Agricul-
tural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act 
of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3292b). 
‘‘(viii) The research and extension projects carried 
out under section 1621 of the Food, Agriculture, Con-
servation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5811). 
‘‘(ix) The organic agriculture research and exten-
sion initiative established under section 1672B of the 
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 
(7 U.S.C. 5925b). 
‘‘(x) The specialty crop research initiative under 
section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998. 
‘‘(xi) The administration and management of the 
Agricultural Bioenergy Feedstock and Energy Effi-
ciency Research and Extension Initiative carried out 
under section 1672C of the Food, Agriculture, Con-
servation, and Trade Act of 1990. 
‘‘(xii) The research, extension, and education pro-
grams authorized by section 407 of the Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 
1998 (7 U.S.C. 7627) relating to the competitiveness, 
viability and sustainability of small- and medium-sized 
dairy, livestock, and poultry operations. 
‘‘(xiii) Other programs that are competitive pro-
grams, as determined by the Secretary. 
‘‘(E) 
DIRECTOR.—The 
term 
‘Director’ 
means 
the 
Director of the Institute.
H. R. 2419—343 
‘‘(F) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The term ‘fundamental 
research’ means research that— 
‘‘(i) increases knowledge or understanding of the 
fundamental aspects of phenomena and has the poten-
tial for broad application; and 
‘‘(ii) has an effect on agriculture, food, nutrition, 
or the environment. 
‘‘(G) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘Institute’ means the 
National Institute of Food and Agriculture established by 
paragraph (2)(A). 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND 
AGRICULTURE.— 
‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish 
within the Department an agency to be known as the 
‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’. 
‘‘(B) TRANSFER OF AUTHORITIES.—The Secretary shall 
transfer to the Institute, effective not later than October 
1, 2009, the authorities (including all budget authorities, 
available appropriations, and personnel), duties, obliga-
tions, and related legal and administrative functions pre-
scribed by law or otherwise granted to the Secretary, the 
Department, or any other agency or official of the Depart-
ment under— 
‘‘(i) the capacity and infrastructure programs; 
‘‘(ii) the competitive programs; 
‘‘(iii) the research, education, economic, cooperative 
State research programs, cooperative extension and 
education programs, international programs, and other 
functions and authorities delegated by the Under Sec-
retary to the Administrator of the Cooperative State 
Research, Education, and Extension Service pursuant 
to section 2.66 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations 
(or successor regulations); and 
‘‘(iv) any and all other authorities administered 
by the Administrator of the Cooperative State 
Research, Education, and Extension Service. 
‘‘(3) DIRECTOR.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Institute shall be headed by 
a Director, who shall be an individual who is— 
‘‘(i) a distinguished scientist; and 
‘‘(ii) appointed by the President. 
‘‘(B) SUPERVISION.—The Director shall report directly 
to the Secretary, or the designee of the Secretary. 
‘‘(C) FUNCTIONS
OF
THE
DIRECTOR.—The Director 
shall— 
‘‘(i) serve for a 6-year term, subject to reappoint-
ment for an additional 6-year term; 
‘‘(ii) periodically report to the Secretary, or the 
designee of the Secretary, with respect to activities 
carried out by the Institute; and 
‘‘(iii) consult regularly with the Secretary, or the 
designee of the Secretary, to ensure, to the maximum 
extent practicable, that— 
‘‘(I) research of the Institute is relevant to 
agriculture in the United States and otherwise 
serves the national interest; and
H. R. 2419—344 
‘‘(II) the research of the Institute supplements 
and enhances, and does not supplant, research 
conducted or funded by other Federal agencies. 
‘‘(D) COMPENSATION.—The Director shall receive basic 
pay at a rate not to exceed the maximum amount of com-
pensation payable to a member of the Senior Executive 
Service under subsection (b) of section 5382 of title 5, 
United States Code, except that the certification require-
ment in that subsection shall not apply to the compensation 
of the Director. 
‘‘(E) AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTOR.— 
Except as otherwise specifically provided in this subsection, 
the Director shall— 
‘‘(i) exercise all of the authority provided to the 
Institute by this subsection; 
‘‘(ii) formulate and administer programs in accord-
ance with policies adopted by the Institute, in coordina-
tion with the Under Secretary; 
‘‘(iii) establish offices within the Institute; 
‘‘(iv) establish procedures for the provision and 
administration of grants by the Institute; and 
‘‘(v) consult regularly with the Advisory Board. 
‘‘(4) REGULATIONS.—The Institute shall have such authority 
as is necessary to carry out this subsection, including the 
authority to promulgate such regulations as the Institute con-
siders to be necessary for governance of operations, organiza-
tion, and personnel. 
‘‘(5) ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall organize offices 
and functions within the Institute to administer funda-
mental and applied research and extension and education 
programs. 
‘‘(B) RESEARCH PRIORITIES.—The Director shall ensure 
the research priorities established by the Under Secretary 
through the Research, Education and Extension Office are 
carried out by the offices and functions of the Institute, 
where applicable. 
‘‘(C) FUNDAMENTAL
AND
APPLIED
RESEARCH.—The 
Director shall— 
‘‘(i) determine an appropriate balance between fun-
damental and applied research programs and functions 
to ensure future research needs are met; and 
‘‘(ii) designate staff, as appropriate, to assist in 
carrying out this subparagraph. 
‘‘(D) COMPETITIVELY
FUNDED
AWARDS.—The Director 
shall— 
‘‘(i) promote the use and growth of grants awarded 
through a competitive process; and 
‘‘(ii) designate staff, as appropriate, to assist in 
carrying out this subparagraph. 
‘‘(E) COORDINATION.—The Director shall ensure that 
the offices and functions established under subparagraph 
(A) are effectively coordinated for maximum efficiency. 
‘‘(6) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—In addition to funds otherwise 
appropriated to carry out each program administered by 
the Institute, there are authorized to be appropriated such
H. R. 2419—345 
sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection for 
each fiscal year. 
‘‘(B) ALLOCATION.—Funding made available under 
subparagraph (A) shall be allocated according to rec-
ommendations contained in the roadmap described in sec-
tion 7504 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 
2008.’’. 
(b) FUNCTIONS.—Section 296(b) of the Department of Agri-
culture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end; 
(2) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) the authority of the Secretary to establish in the 
Department, under section 251— 
‘‘(A) the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture 
for Research, Education, and Economics; 
‘‘(B) the Research, Education, and Extension Office; 
and 
‘‘(C) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS.—The following conforming 
amendments shall take effect on October 1, 2009: 
(1) Section 522(d)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act 
(7 U.S.C. 1522(d)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘the Cooperative 
State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(2) Section 524(a) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 
U.S.C. 1524(a)) is amended in each of paragraphs (1)(B) and 
(3)(A) by striking ‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, 
and Extension Service’’ each place it appears and inserting 
‘‘the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(3) Section 306(a)(11)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and 
Rural Development Act (7 U.S.C. 1926(a)(11)(C)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, and 
Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of 
Food and Agriculture’’. 
(4) Section 5(b)(2)(E) of the Agricultural Credit Improve-
ment Act of 1992 (7 U.S.C. 1929 note; Public Law 102–554) 
is amended by striking ‘‘Cooperative Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(5) Section 11(f)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 
(7 U.S.C. 2020(f)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘Cooperative Exten-
sion Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’. 
(6) Section 502(h) of the Rural Development Act of 1972 
(7 U.S.C. 2662(h)) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’; 
and 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘Extension Service 
staff’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agri-
culture staff’’. 
(7) Section 7404(b)(1)(B) of the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3101 note; Public Law 107– 
171) is amended by striking clause (vi) and inserting the fol-
lowing:
H. R. 2419—346 
‘‘(vi) the National Institute of Food and Agri-
culture.’’. 
(8) Section 1408(b)(4) of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
3123(b)(4)) is amended by striking ‘‘the Administrator of the 
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘the Director of the National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(9) Section 2381(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3125b(a)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute 
of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(10) The National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 is amended— 
(A) in section 1424A(b) (7 U.S.C. 3174a(b)), by striking 
‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 
Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’; and 
(B) in section 1458(a)(10) (7 U.S.C. 3291(a)(10)), by 
striking ‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, and 
Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute 
of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(11) Section 1587(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
U.S.C. 3175d(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(12) Section 1444(b)(2)(A) of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
3221(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(13) Section 1473D(d) of the National Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 
3319d(d)) is amended by striking ‘‘the Cooperative State 
Research Service, the Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(14) Section 1499(c) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5506(c)) is amended by striking 
‘‘the Cooperative State Research Service’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘extension services;’’ and inserting ‘‘the National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture, in conjunction with the 
system of State agricultural experiment stations and State 
and county cooperative extension services; the Economic 
Research Service;’’. 
(15) Section 1622 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5812) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘the Cooperative 
State Research Service in close cooperation with the Exten-
sion Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’; 
(B) in subsection (b)(1)— 
(i) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(B) the National Institute of Food and Agriculture;’’; 
and 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through 
(L) as subparagraphs (C) through (K), respectively.
H. R. 2419—347 
(16) Section 1627(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821(d)) is amended by striking 
‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(17) Section 1629 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b), in the first sentence, by striking 
‘‘the Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’; and 
(B) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(18) Section 1638(b) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5852(b)) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘Cooperative State 
Research Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘Cooperative State 
Research Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(19) Section 1640(a)(2) of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5854(a)(2)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the Administrator of the Extension Service, the 
Administrator of the Cooperative State Research Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘the Director of the National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’. 
(20) Section 1641(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5855(a)) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Cooperative State 
Research Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (4,) by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(21) Section 1668(b) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5921(b)) is amended by striking 
‘‘Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(22) Section 1670(a)(4) of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5923(a)(4)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the Administrator of the Cooperative State 
Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
Director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(23) Section 1677(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5930(a)) is amended by striking 
‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(24) Section 2122(b)(1) of the Food, Agriculture, Conserva-
tion, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6521(b)(1)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(25) Section 2371 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6601) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’; 
and 
(B) in subsection (c)(3), by striking ‘‘Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘System’’.
H. R. 2419—348 
(26) Section 2377(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, 
and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6615(a)) is amended by striking 
‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture’’. 
(27) Section 212(a)(2)(A) of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6912(a)(2)(A)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘251(d),’’ and inserting ‘‘251(f),’’. 
(28) Section 537 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement 
and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7446) is amended in each 
of subsections (a)(2) and (b)(3)(B)(i) by striking ‘‘Cooperative 
State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘cooperative extension’’. 
(29) Section 101(b)(2) of the Agricultural Research, Exten-
sion, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7611(b)(2)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘Cooperative State Research, Education, 
and Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of 
Food and Agriculture’’. 
(30) Section 103(a) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7613(a)) is 
amended— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ‘‘Cooperative 
State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agriculture’’; and 
(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2)(A), by striking 
‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 
Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’. 
(31) Section 407(c) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7627(c)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the Cooperative State Research, Education, and 
Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of 
Food and Agriculture’’. 
(32) Section 410(a) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7630(a)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘the Administrator of the Cooperative 
State Research, Education, and Extension Service’’ and 
inserting ‘‘the Director of the National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’. 
(33) Section 307(g)(5) of the Agricultural Risk Protection 
Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 8606(g)(5)) is amended by striking 
‘‘Administrator of the Cooperative State Research, Education, 
and Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘Director of the National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(34) Section 5(a) of the Renewable Resources Extension 
Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1674a(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘Exten-
sion Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture’’. 
(35) Section 6(b) of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance 
Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2103b(b)) is amended by striking ‘‘the 
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, 
may provide technical, financial, and related assistance to State 
foresters, equivalent State officials, or Cooperative Extension 
officials’’ and inserting ‘‘the National Institute of Food and 
Agriculture, may provide technical, financial, and related assist-
ance to State foresters, equivalent State officials, or cooperative 
extension officials’’.
H. R. 2419—349 
(36) Section 9(g)(2)(A)(viii) of the Cooperative Forestry 
Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2105(g)(2)(A)(viii)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(37) Section 19(b)(1)(B)(i) of the Cooperative Forestry 
Assistance Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2113(b)(1)(B)(i)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘Extension Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(38) Section 1261(c)(4) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3861(c)(4)) is amended by striking ‘‘Extension 
Service’’ and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Food and Agri-
culture’’. 
(39) Section 105(a) of the Africa: Seeds of Hope Act of 
1998 (22 U.S.C. 2293 note; Public Law 105–385) is amended 
by striking ‘‘the Cooperative State, Research, Education, and 
Extension Service (CSREES)’’ and inserting ‘‘the National 
Institute of Food and Agriculture’’. 
(40) Section 307(a)(4) of the National Aeronautic and Space 
Administration 
Authorization 
Act 
of 
2005 
(42 
U.S.C. 
16657(a)(4)) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(B) the program and structure of, peer review process 
of, management of conflicts of interest by, compensation 
of reviewers of, and the effects of compensation on reviewer 
efficiency and quality within, the National Institute of Food 
and Agriculture of the Department of Agriculture;’’. 
PART III—NEW GRANT AND RESEARCH 
PROGRAMS 
SEC. 7521. RESEARCH AND EDUCATION GRANTS FOR THE STUDY OF 
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide research and 
education grants, on a competitive basis— 
(1) to study the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 
including— 
(A) movement of antibiotic-resistant bacteria into 
groundwater and surface water; and 
(B) the effect on antibiotic resistance from various drug 
use regimens; and 
(2) to study and ensure the judicious use of antibiotics 
in veterinary and human medicine, including— 
(A) methods and practices of animal husbandry; 
(B) safe and effective alternatives to antibiotics; 
(C) the development of better veterinary diagnostics 
to improve decisionmaking; and 
(D) the identification of conditions or factors that affect 
antibiotic use on farms. 
(b) ADMINISTRATION.—Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B) of 
subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 450i) shall apply with respect to the making 
of grants under this section. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this 
section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
H. R. 2419—350 
SEC. 7522. FARM AND RANCH STRESS ASSISTANCE NETWORK. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of Health and Human Services, shall make competitive 
grants to support cooperative programs between State cooperative 
extension services and nonprofit organizations to establish a Farm 
and Ranch Stress Assistance Network that provides stress assist-
ance programs to individuals who are engaged in farming, ranching, 
and other agriculture-related occupations. 
(b) ELIGIBLE PROGRAMS.—Grants awarded under subsection (a) 
may be used to initiate, expand, or sustain programs that provide 
professional agricultural behavioral health counseling and referral 
for other forms of assistance as necessary through— 
(1) farm telephone helplines and websites; 
(2) community education; 
(3) support groups; 
(4) outreach services and activities; and 
(5) home delivery of assistance, in a case in which a farm 
resident is homebound. 
(c) EXTENSION SERVICES.—Grants shall be awarded under this 
subsection directly to State cooperative extension services to enable 
the State cooperative extension services to enter into contracts, 
on a multiyear basis, with nonprofit, community-based, direct- 
service organizations to initiate, expand, or sustain cooperative 
programs described in subsections (a) and (b). 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this 
section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 
SEC. 7523. SEED DISTRIBUTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make competitive grants 
to eligible entities to carry out a seed distribution program to 
administer and maintain the distribution of vegetable seeds donated 
by commercial seed companies. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this program include— 
(1) the distribution of seeds donated by commercial seed 
companies free-of-charge to appropriate— 
(A) individuals; 
(B) groups; 
(C) institutions; 
(D) governmental and nongovernmental organizations; 
and 
(E) such other entities as the Secretary may designate; 
(2) distribution of seeds to underserved communities, such 
as communities that experience— 
(A) limited access to affordable fresh vegetables; 
(B) a high rate of hunger or food insecurity; or 
(C) severe or persistent poverty. 
(c) ADMINISTRATION.—Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B) of 
subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 450i) shall apply with respect to the making 
of grants under this section. 
(d) SELECTION.—An eligible entity selected to receive a grant 
under subsection (a) shall have— 
(1) expertise regarding the distribution of vegetable seeds 
donated by commercial seed companies; and 
(2) the ability to achieve the purpose of the seed distribu-
tion program.
H. R. 2419—351 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this 
section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 
SEC. 7524. LIVE VIRUS FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall issue a permit required 
under section 12 of the Act of May 29, 1884 (21 U.S.C. 113a) 
to the Secretary of Homeland Security for work on the live virus 
of foot and mouth disease at any facility that is a successor to 
the Plum Island Animal Disease Center and charged with 
researching high-consequence biological threats involving zoonotic 
and foreign animal diseases (referred to in this section as the 
‘‘successor facility’’). 
(b) LIMITATION TO SINGLE FACILITY.—Not more than 1 facility 
shall be issued a permit under subsection (a). 
(c) LIMITATION ON VALIDITY.—The permit issued under this 
section shall be valid unless the Secretary determines that the 
study of live foot and mouth disease virus at the successor facility 
is not being carried out in accordance with the regulations promul-
gated by the Secretary pursuant to the Agricultural Bioterrorism 
Protection Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8401 et seq.). 
(d) AUTHORITY.—The suspension, revocation, or other impair-
ment of the permit issued under this section— 
(1) shall be made by the Secretary; and 
(2) is a nondelegable function. 
SEC. 7525. NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish within the 
Department a natural products research program. 
(b) DUTIES.—In carrying out the program established under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate research relating to 
natural products, including— 
(1) research to improve human health and agricultural 
productivity through the discovery, development, and commer-
cialization of products and agrichemicals from bioactive natural 
products, including products from plant, marine, and microbial 
sources; 
(2) research to characterize the botanical sources, produc-
tion, chemistry, and biological properties of plant-derived nat-
ural products; and 
(3) other research priorities identified by the Secretary. 
(c) PEER AND MERIT REVIEW.—The Secretary shall— 
(1) determine the relevance and merit of research under 
this section through a system of peer review established by 
the Secretary pursuant to section 103 of the Agricultural 
Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 
U.S.C. 7613); and 
(2) approve funding for research on the basis of merit, 
quality, and relevance to advancing the purposes of this section. 
(d) BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES.—Funds made available under 
this section shall not be used for the construction of a new building 
or facility or the acquisition, expansion, remodeling, or alteration 
of an existing building or facility (including site grading and 
improvement and architect fees). 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as are 
necessary for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
H. R. 2419—352 
SEC. 7526. SUN GRANT PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish and carry 
out a program to provide grants to the sun grant centers and 
subcenter specified in subsection (b)— 
(1) to enhance national energy security through the 
development, distribution, and implementation of biobased 
energy technologies; 
(2) to promote diversification in, and the environmental 
sustainability of, agricultural production in the United States 
through biobased energy and product technologies; 
(3) to promote economic diversification in rural areas of 
the United States through biobased energy and product tech-
nologies; and 
(4) to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy and biomass 
research 
and 
development 
programs 
through 
improved 
coordination and collaboration among— 
(A) the Department of Agriculture; 
(B) the Department of Energy; and 
(C) land-grant colleges and universities. 
(b) GRANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall use amounts made 
available under subsection (g) to provide grants to each of 
the following: 
(A) NORTH-CENTRAL
CENTER.—A north-central sun 
grant center at South Dakota State University for the 
region composed of the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. 
(B) SOUTHEASTERN CENTER.—A southeastern sun grant 
center at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville for 
the region composed of— 
(i) the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Ken-
tucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Tennessee, and Virginia; 
(ii) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and 
(iii) the United States Virgin Islands. 
(C) SOUTH-CENTRAL
CENTER.—A south-central sun 
grant center at Oklahoma State University for the region 
composed of the States of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, 
Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. 
(D) WESTERN CENTER.—A western sun grant center 
at Oregon State University for the region composed of— 
(i) the States of Alaska, Arizona, California, 
Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wash-
ington; and 
(ii) insular areas (as defined in section 1404 of 
the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103 (other than 
the insular areas referred to in clauses (ii) and (iii) 
of subparagraph (B))). 
(E) NORTHEASTERN CENTER.—A northeastern sun grant 
center at Cornell University for the region composed of 
the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Mary-
land, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New 
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and 
West Virginia.
H. R. 2419—353 
(F) WESTERN INSULAR PACIFIC SUBCENTER.—A western 
insular Pacific sun grant subcenter at the University of 
Hawaii for the region of Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, American 
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic 
of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. 
(2) MANNER OF DISTRIBUTION.— 
(A) CENTERS.—In providing any funds made available 
under subsection (g), the Secretary shall distribute the 
grants in equal amounts to the sun grant centers described 
in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of paragraph (1). 
(B) SUBCENTER.—The sun grant center described in 
paragraph (1)(D) shall allocate a portion of the funds 
received under paragraph (1) to the subcenter described 
in paragraph (1)(F) pursuant to guidance issued by the 
Secretary. 
(3) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS.—If the Sec-
retary finds on the basis of a review of the annual report 
required under subsection (f) or on the basis of an audit of 
a sun grant center or subcenter conducted by the Secretary 
that the center or subcenter has not complied with the require-
ments of this section, the sun grant center or subcenter shall 
be ineligible to receive further grants under this section for 
such period of time as may be prescribed by the Secretary. 
(c) USE OF FUNDS.— 
(1) COMPETITIVE GRANTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A sun grant center or subcenter shall 
use 75 percent of the funds described in subsection (b) 
to provide competitive grants to entities that are— 
(i) eligible to receive grants under subsection (b)(7) 
of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 450i(b)(7)); and 
(ii) located in the region covered by the sun grant 
center or subcenter. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—Grants described in subparagraph (A) 
shall be used by the grant recipient to conduct, in a manner 
consistent with the purposes described in subsection (a), 
multi-institutional and multistate— 
(i) research, extension, and education programs 
on technology development; and 
(ii) integrated research, extension, and education 
programs on technology implementation. 
(C) FUNDING
ALLOCATION.—Of the amount of funds 
that is used to provide grants under subparagraph (A), 
the sun grant center or subcenter shall use— 
(i) not less than 30 percent of the funds to carry 
out the programs described in subparagraph (B)(i); and 
(ii) not less than 30 percent of the funds to carry 
out the programs described in subparagraph (B)(ii). 
(D) ADMINISTRATION.— 
(i) PEER AND MERIT REVIEW.—In making grants 
under this paragraph, a sun grant center or subcenter 
shall— 
(I) seek and accept proposals for grants; 
(II) determine the relevance and merit of pro-
posals through a system of peer review similar 
to that established by the Secretary pursuant to
H. R. 2419—354 
section 103 of the Agricultural Research, Exten-
sion, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
7613); and 
(III) award grants on the basis of merit, 
quality, and relevance to advancing the purposes 
of this section. 
(ii) PRIORITY.—A sun grant center or subcenter 
shall give a higher priority to programs that are con-
sistent with the plan approved by the Secretary under 
subsection (d). 
(iii) TERM.—A grant awarded by a sun grant center 
or subcenter shall have a term that does not exceed 
5 years. 
(iv) MATCHING FUNDS REQUIRED.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in sub-
clauses (II) and (III), as a condition of receiving 
a grant under this paragraph, the sun grant center 
or subcenter shall require that not less than 20 
percent of the cost of an activity described in 
subparagraph 
(B) 
be 
matched 
with 
funds, 
including in-kind contributions, from a non-Fed-
eral source. 
(II) EXCLUSION.—Subclause (I) shall not apply 
to fundamental research (as defined in subsection 
(f)(1) of section 251 of the Department of Agri-
culture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) 
(as added by section 7511(a)(4)). 
(III) REDUCTION.—The sun grant center or 
subcenter may reduce or eliminate the require-
ment for non-Federal funds under subclause (I) 
for applied research (as defined in subsection (f)(1) 
of section 251 of the Department of Agriculture 
Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 6971) (as 
added by section 7511(a)(4)) if the sun grant center 
or subcenter determines that the reduction is nec-
essary and appropriate pursuant to guidance 
issued by the Secretary. 
(v) BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES.—Funds made avail-
able for grants shall not be used for the construction 
of a new building or facility or the acquisition, expan-
sion, remodeling, or alteration of an existing building 
or facility (including site grading and improvement 
and architect fees). 
(vi) LIMITATION ON INDIRECT COSTS.—A sun grant 
center or subcenter may not recover the indirect costs 
of making grants under subparagraph (A). 
(2) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—A sun grant center or sub-
center may use up to 4 percent of the funds described in 
subsection (b) to pay administrative expenses incurred in car-
rying out paragraph (1). 
(3) RESEARCH, EXTENSION AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES.— 
The sun grant centers and subcenter shall use the remainder 
of the funds described in subsection (b) to conduct, in a manner 
consistent with the purposes described in subsection (a), multi- 
institutional and multistate— 
(A) research, extension, and educational programs on 
technology development; and