datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
within 90 days after the completion of the competi-
tive selection process. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN UPDATES
AND RE-
VIEWS.—
(1) UPDATES.—The implementation plans of 
the competitively selected proposals under subsection 
(c) shall be updated every year by the manager of 
the project, as designated by the original implemen-
tation plan. 
(2) UPDATED
IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN
RE-
VIEW.—The Administrator shall have an inde-
pendent external review panel review each of the up-
dated implementation plans required by paragraph 
(1), and shall provide the results of those reviews to 
the Committee on Science of the House of Rep-
resentatives and to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate within 30 
days after each review is completed. 
(3) REVIEW ELEMENTS.—Reviews under para-
graph (2) shall address at least the following: 
(A) The reasonableness of the assumed 
schedule for the cost estimate and funding pro-
file.
(B) The degree to which the implementa-
tion plan is consistent with the competitively se-
lected mission concept. 
(C) The degree to which the relevant areas 
of technical and programmatic risk are ad-
dressed and risk mitigation plans are in place. 
(D) The extent to which the implementa-
tion plan utilizes commercially available goods 
and services when available and appropriate to 
achieve the goal. 
(E) The extent to which the plan makes 
use of existing capabilities developed in previous 
phases of the human space flight initiative or in 
other National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration programs when available and appro-
priate in lieu of undertaking new development 
programs. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator for 
carrying out this Act—
(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2004; and 
(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2005.
Æ
(2) by inserting after subsection (i) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(j) MINIMUM AGE FOR SUBMISSION OF FORMS.—
Nothing in this Act may be construed to require a State 
to accept any voter registration application form from an 
individual who, at the time of submitting the form, has 
not attained the age at which the individual may apply 
for a motor vehicle driver’s license in the State.’’. 
SEC. 4. MAINTENANCE AND AVAILABILITY OF INFORMA-
TION 
ON 
INDIVIDUALS 
UNDER 
MINIMUM 
LEGAL VOTING AGE. 
Section 303(a)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 15483(a)(1)(A)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following new clause: 
‘‘(ix) In addition to the information 
on legally registered voters which is main-
tained on the list, the State shall maintain 
information on those individuals in the 
State who have completed applications for 
voter registration prior to reaching the 
minimum legal voting age, and shall make 
the information available to election offi-
cials in the State.’’.
SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this Act shall apply with 
respect to applications to register to vote in elections oc-
curring in a State after the date on which the State is 
required to comply with the requirements of section 
303(a) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (relating 
to the implementation of a computerized Statewide voter 
registration list).
Æ
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION.
The facility of the United States Postal Service lo-
cated at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkan-
sas, shall be known and designated as the ‘‘Lloyd L.
Burke Post Office’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document,
paper, or other record of the United States to the facility
referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference
to the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’.
Passed the House of Representatives March 24,
2004.
Attest:
Clerk.
H. R. 3059 
One Hundred Eighth Congress 
of the 
United States of America 
AT THE SECOND SESSION 
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, 
the twentieth day of January, two thousand and four 
An Act 
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 304 West 
Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION. 
The facility of the United States Postal Service located at 
304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkansas, shall be known 
and designated as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’. 
SEC. 2. REFERENCES. 
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, paper, 
or other record of the United States to the facility referred to 
in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference to the ‘‘Lloyd L. 
Burke Post Office’’. 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate. 
VerDate Aug 31 2005 
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mstockstill on PROD1PC61 with BILLS
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3059
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 
304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. 
Burke Post Office’’. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
Mr. BERRY introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Government Reform 
A BILL 
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service 
located at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Ar-
kansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. LLOYD L. BURKE POST OFFICE. 
(a) DESIGNATION.—The facility of the United States 
Postal Service located at 304 West Michigan Street in 
Stuttgart, Arkansas, shall be known and designated as the 
‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’. 
(b) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, map, reg-
ulation, document, paper, or other record of the United
States to the facility referred to in subsection (a) shall 
be deemed to be a reference to the Lloyd L. Burke Post 
Office.
Æ
IIB 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 3059
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
MARCH 25, 2004
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs 
AN ACT 
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service 
located at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Ar-
kansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
115TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1585 
AN ACT 
To amend the Securities Act of 1933 to codify certain quali-
fications of individuals as accredited investors for pur-
poses of the securities laws. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
HR 3059 RFS 
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION. 
The facility of the United States Postal Service lo-
cated at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkan-
sas, shall be known and designated as the ‘‘Lloyd L. 
Burke Post Office’’. 
SEC. 2. REFERENCES. 
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, 
paper, or other record of the United States to the facility 
referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference 
to the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’.
Passed the House of Representatives March 24, 
2004. 
Attest: 
JEFF TRANDAHL, 
Clerk.
II 
Calendar No. 553 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 3059 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
MARCH 25, 2004 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs 
JUNE 7, 2004 
Reported by Ms. COLLINS, without amendment 
AN ACT 
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service 
located at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Ar-
kansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION. 
The facility of the United States Postal Service lo-
cated at 304 West Michigan Street in Stuttgart, Arkan-
sas, shall be known and designated as the ‘‘Lloyd L. 
Burke Post Office’’.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES. 
Any reference in a law, map, regulation, document, 
paper, or other record of the United States to the facility 
referred to in section 1 shall be deemed to be a reference 
to the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke Post Office’’.
Calendar No. 553 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 3059 
AN ACT 
To designate the facility of the United States Post-
al Service located at 304 West Michigan Street 
in Stuttgart, Arkansas, as the ‘‘Lloyd L. Burke 
Post Office’’. 
JUNE 7, 2004 
Reported without amendment
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3060
To repeal the current Internal Revenue Code and replace it with a flat 
tax, thereby guaranteeing economic growth and greater fairness for all 
Americans. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
Mr. SMITH of Michigan (for himself, Mr. HALL, Mr. HEFLEY, and Mrs. 
MYRICK) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, 
for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case 
for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the 
committee concerned 
A BILL 
To repeal the current Internal Revenue Code and replace 
it with a flat tax, thereby guaranteeing economic growth 
and greater fairness for all Americans.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Tax Simplification Act of 2003’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I—TAX REDUCTION AND SIMPLIFICATION 
Sec. 101. Individual income tax. 
Sec. 102. Tax on business activities. 
Sec. 103. Simplification of rules relating to qualified retirement plans. 
Sec. 104. Repeal of alternative minimum tax. 
Sec. 105. Repeal of credits. 
Sec. 106. Repeal of estate and gift taxes and obsolete income tax provisions. 
Sec. 107. Effective date. 
TITLE II—SUPERMAJORITY REQUIRED FOR TAX CHANGES 
Sec. 201. Supermajority required.
TITLE I—TAX REDUCTION AND 
SIMPLIFICATION 
SEC. 101. INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SECTION 1. TAX IMPOSED. 
‘‘There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of 
every individual a tax equal to 19 percent (17 percent in 
the case of taxable years beginning after December 31, 
2004) of the taxable income of such individual for such 
taxable year.’’. 
(b) TAXABLE INCOME.—Section 63 of such Code is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 63. TAXABLE INCOME. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this subtitle, the 
term ‘taxable income’ means the excess of—
‘‘(1) the sum of—
‘‘(A) wages (as defined in section 3121(a) 
without regard to paragraph (1) thereof) which
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3063
To authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary 
of Education, and the Attorney General to make 10 grants to demonstra-
tion facilities to implement evidence-based preventive-screening tools to 
detect mental illness and suicidal tendencies in school-age youth at se-
lected facilities. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
Ms. DELAURO (for herself, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. SERRANO, Mr. TOWNS, Mr. 
GRIJALVA, Mrs. CHRISTENSEN, and Mr. ACEVEDO-VILA´) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce, and in addition to the Committee on Education and the Work-
force, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each 
case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of 
the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services, 
the Secretary of Education, and the Attorney General 
to make 10 grants to demonstration facilities to imple-
ment evidence-based preventive-screening tools to detect 
mental illness and suicidal tendencies in school-age youth 
at selected facilities.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4974 
To provide health services for individuals assisting with the response to 
the terrorist attacks in New York City on September 11, 2001, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 22, 2004 
Mr. MEEKS of New York introduced the following bill; which was referred to 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined 
by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To provide health services for individuals assisting with the 
response to the terrorist attacks in New York City on 
September 11, 2001, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Post 9/11 Health Pro-
tection Act of 2004’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds as follows:
cable under subparagraph (A) to commu-
nications transmitted through radio; and 
‘‘(ii) any video portion of the commu-
nication shall meet the requirements appli-
cable under subparagraph (B) to commu-
nications transmitted through television.’’. 
SEC. 4. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS FOR CAMPAIGN COM-
MUNICATIONS 
MADE 
THROUGH 
PRERECORDED TELEPHONE CALLS. 
(a) 
APPLICATION
OF
REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
318(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441d(a)) is amended by inserting after ‘‘mailing,’’ 
each place it appears the following: ‘‘telephone call which 
consists in substantial part of a prerecorded audio mes-
sage,’’. 
(b) TREATMENT AS AUDIO COMMUNICATION.—Sec-
tion 318(d)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 441d(d)(1)), as 
amended by section 3, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) 
PRERECORDED
TELEPHONE 
CALLS.—Any communication described in para-
graph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is a 
telephone call which consists in substantial part 
of a prerecorded audio message shall meet the 
requirements applicable under subparagraph
SECTION 1. COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING.
(a) SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING LEASING.—
Section 17(b)(2) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C.
226(b)(2)) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(2)’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(B) The Secretary may issue under this Act for the
same area, separately—
‘‘(i) a lease for exploration for and extraction of
tar sand; and
‘‘(ii) a lease for exploration for and development
of oil and gas.
‘‘(C) A lease issued under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall
not be further subject to the Combined Hydrocarbon Leas-
ing Act of 1981 (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).
‘‘(D) A lease issued for tar sand shall be issued using
the same bidding process, annual rental, and posting pe-
riod as a lease issued for oil and gas, except that the min-
imum acceptable bid required for a lease issued for tar
sand shall be $2 per acre.
‘‘(E) The Secretary may waive, suspend, or alter any
requirement under section 26 that a permittee under a
permit authorizing prospecting for tar sand must exercise
due diligence, to promote any resource covered by a com-
bined hydrocarbon lease.’’.
(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section
17(b)(1)(B) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C.
226(b)(1)(B)) is amended in the second sentence by in-
serting ‘‘, subject to paragraph (2)(B),’’ after ‘‘the Sec-
retary’’.
SEC. 2. REGULATIONS.
Within 45 days after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall issue final reg-
ulations to implement this Act.
Passed the House of Representatives October 8,
2003.
Attest:
Clerk.
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3062
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior 
to issue separately, for the same area, a lease for tar sand and a 
lease for oil and gas, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
Mr. CANNON introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Resources 
A BILL 
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the Sec-
retary of the Interior to issue separately, for the same 
area, a lease for tar sand and a lease for oil and gas, 
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING. 
(a) SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING LEASING.—
Section 17(b)(2) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(2)) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(2)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(B) The Secretary may issue under this Act for the 
same area, separately—
‘‘(i) a lease for exploration for and extraction of 
tar sand; and
‘‘(ii) a lease for exploration for and development 
of oil and gas. 
‘‘(C) A lease issued under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall 
not be further subject to the Combined Hydrocarbon Leas-
ing Act of 1981 (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).
‘‘(D) A lease issued for tar sand shall be issued using 
the same bidding process, annual rental, and posting pe-
riod as a lease issued for oil and gas, except that the min-
imum acceptable bid required for a lease issued for tar 
sand shall be $2 per acre. 
‘‘(E) The Secretary may waive, suspend, or alter any 
requirement under section 26 that a permittee under a 
permit authorizing prospecting for tar sand must exercise 
due diligence, to promote any resource covered by a com-
bined hydrocarbon lease.’’. 
(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
17(b)(1)(B) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(1)(B)) is amended in the second sentence by in-
serting ‘‘, subject to paragraph (2)(B),’’ after ‘‘The Sec-
retary’’.
(c) REGULATIONS.—Within 45 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior 
shall issue final regulations to implement this section.
Æ
IIB 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3062
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
OCTOBER 14, 2003
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources 
AN ACT 
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the Sec-
retary of the Interior to issue separately, for the same 
area, a lease for tar sand and a lease for oil and gas, 
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
HR 3062 RFS 
SECTION 1. COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING. 
(a) SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING LEASING.—
Section 17(b)(2) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(2)) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(2)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(B) The Secretary may issue under this Act for the 
same area, separately—
‘‘(i) a lease for exploration for and extraction of 
tar sand; and
‘‘(ii) a lease for exploration for and development 
of oil and gas. 
‘‘(C) A lease issued under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall 
not be further subject to the Combined Hydrocarbon Leas-
ing Act of 1981 (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).
‘‘(D) A lease issued for tar sand shall be issued using 
the same bidding process, annual rental, and posting pe-
riod as a lease issued for oil and gas, except that the min-
imum acceptable bid required for a lease issued for tar 
sand shall be $2 per acre. 
‘‘(E) The Secretary may waive, suspend, or alter any 
requirement under section 26 that a permittee under a 
permit authorizing prospecting for tar sand must exercise 
due diligence, to promote any resource covered by a com-
bined hydrocarbon lease.’’.
HR 3062 RFS 
(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
17(b)(1)(B) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(1)(B)) is amended in the second sentence by in-
serting ‘‘, subject to paragraph (2)(B),’’ after ‘‘the Sec-
retary’’.
SEC. 2. REGULATIONS. 
Within 45 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of the Interior shall issue final reg-
ulations to implement this Act.
Passed the House of Representatives October 8, 
2003. 
Attest: 
JEFF TRANDAHL, 
Clerk.
IB 
Union Calendar No. 178
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3062
[Report No. 108–302] 
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior 
to issue separately, for the same area, a lease for tar sand and a 
lease for oil and gas, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 10, 2003
Mr. CANNON introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Resources 
OCTOBER 7, 2003
Additional sponsors: Mr. GIBBONS and Mr. BISHOP of Utah 
OCTOBER 7, 2003
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union 
and ordered to be printed 
A BILL 
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the Sec-
retary of the Interior to issue separately, for the same 
area, a lease for tar sand and a lease for oil and gas, 
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. COMBINED HYDROCARBON LEASING. 
(a) SPECIAL PROVISIONS REGARDING LEASING.—
Section 17(b)(2) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(2)) is amended—
(1) by inserting ‘‘(A)’’ after ‘‘(2)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(B) The Secretary may issue under this Act for the 
same area, separately—
‘‘(i) a lease for exploration for and extraction of 
tar sand; and
‘‘(ii) a lease for exploration for and development 
of oil and gas. 
‘‘(C) A lease issued under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall 
not be further subject to the Combined Hydrocarbon Leas-
ing Act of 1981 (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.).
‘‘(D) A lease issued for tar sand shall be issued using 
the same bidding process, annual rental, and posting pe-
riod as a lease issued for oil and gas, except that the min-
imum acceptable bid required for a lease issued for tar 
sand shall be $2 per acre. 
‘‘(E) The Secretary may waive, suspend, or alter any 
requirement under section 26 that a permittee under a 
permit authorizing prospecting for tar sand must exercise 
due diligence, to promote any resource covered by a com-
bined hydrocarbon lease.’’.
(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
17(b)(1)(B) of the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 
226(b)(1)(B)) is amended in the second sentence by in-
serting ‘‘, subject to paragraph (2)(B),’’ after ‘‘The Sec-
retary’’.
(c) REGULATIONS.—Within 45 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Interior 
shall issue final regulations to implement this section.
Union Calendar No. 178
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 3062
[Report No. 108–302] 
A BILL 
To amend the Mineral Leasing Act to authorize the 
Secretary of the Interior to issue separately, for 
the same area, a lease for tar sand and a lease 
for oil and gas, and for other purposes. 
OCTOBER 7, 2003
Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the 
State of the Union and ordered to be printed
Science Policy,’’ which was adopted by the House of 
Representatives, the United States must maintain 
and improve its preeminent position in science and 
technology in order to advance human under-
standing of the universe and all it contains, and to 
improve the lives, health, and freedoms of all people. 
(2) It is estimated that more than half of the 
economic growth of the United States today results 
directly from research and development in science 
and technology. The most fundamental research is 
responsible for investigating our perceived universe, 
to extend our observations to the outer limits of 
what our minds and methods can achieve, and to 
seek answers to questions that have never been 
asked before. Applied research continues the process 
by applying the answers from basic science to the 
problems faced by individuals, organizations, and 
governments in the everyday activities that make our 
lives more livable. 
(3) The effectiveness of the United States in 
promoting economic growth will be largely deter-
mined by the intellectual capital of the United 
States. Education is critical to developing this re-
source.