I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4448 
To amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fair Housing Act to 
prohibit disparate-impact claims. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 16, 2025 
Mr. GILL of Texas (for himself and Ms. MACE) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition 
to the Committee on Education and Workforce, for a period to be subse-
quently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Fair Housing 
Act to prohibit disparate-impact claims. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Restoring Equal Op-
portunity Act’’. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF THE SENATE. 
It is the sense of the Senate that it is the policy of 
the United States to eliminate the use of disparate-impact 
liability in all contexts to the maximum degree possible 
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to avoid violating the Constitution of the United States, 
Federal civil rights laws, and basic American ideals. 
SEC. 3. DISPARATE-IMPACT CLAIMS PROHIBITED FOR EM-
PLOYMENT PRACTICES. 
Section 703 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 
U.S.C. 2000e–2) is amended by striking subsection (k) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(k)(1) No person may bring an action or proceeding 
under this title for a claim alleging an unlawful employ-
ment practice based on disparate impact. 
‘‘(2) In this subsection, the term ‘disparate impact’, 
used with respect to an employment practice, means the 
result of an employment practice that— 
‘‘(A) is neutral on its face, and does not result 
from an intention to discriminate in a manner pro-
hibited under this title; but 
‘‘(B) may have a disproportionate effect on cer-
tain groups, including protected classes under this 
title.’’. 
SEC. 4. DISPARATE-IMPACT CLAIMS PROHIBITED FOR 
HOUSING PRACTICES. 
Section 807 of the Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C. 
3607) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(c)(1) No person may bring an action or proceeding 
under this title for a claim alleging a discriminatory hous-
ing practice based on disparate impact. 
‘‘(2) In this subsection, the term ‘disparate impact’, 
used with respect to a housing practice, means the result 
of a housing practice that— 
‘‘(A) is neutral on its face, and does not result 
from an intention to discriminate in a manner pro-
hibited under this title; but 
‘‘(B) may have a disproportionate effect on cer-
tain groups, including protected classes under this 
title.’’. 
SEC. 5. NULLIFYING REGULATIONS. 
The following Presidential approvals of the regula-
tions promulgated under section 602 of the Civil Rights 
Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d–1), and the regulations so 
approved, shall have no force and effect: 
(1) The Presidential approval of regulations 
issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Com-
mission relating to title VII of the Civil Rights Act 
of 1964 (31 Fed. Reg. 10269 (July 29, 1966)), as 
applied to section 42.104(b)(2) of title 28, Code of 
Federal Regulations, in full. 
(2) The Presidential approval of regulations 
issued by the Department of Justice relating to 
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