‘‘(iii) section 502(c) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(c)); 
and 
‘‘(iv) section 552 of title 5, United 
States Code. 
‘‘(5) LIMITED
RELEASE
OF
INFORMATION.— 
The Secretary may release or disclose information 
maintained in the inventory described in paragraph 
(1) pursuant to section 1619(b)(3)(A)(i) of the 
Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (7 
U.S.C. 8791(b)(3)(A)(i)) to researchers for the pur-
poses of statistically analyzing the information. 
‘‘(g) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—On completion of each 
inventory under subsection (d)(1), the Secretary shall 
make publicly available— 
‘‘(1) the statistical or aggregated form of data 
collected from measurements under that subsection; 
‘‘(2) information regarding the methodology 
used to collect that data; and 
‘‘(3) any analysis made of the measurements 
described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(h) REPORTS.—On completion of each inventory 
under subsection (d)(1), the Secretary shall prepare, pub-
lish, and make available to the public a report that— 
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‘‘(1) contains a description of soil carbon 
trends, including by incorporating measurements 
conducted under subsection (d) during the 5 years 
covered by the report; 
‘‘(2) contains an analysis of the impact of dif-
ferent land management practices, including imple-
menting 1 or more conservation activities, on soil 
carbon levels; 
‘‘(3) contains an analysis of the effect of short- 
and long-term weather variability on the observed 
trends; 
‘‘(4) contains an analysis of how land manage-
ment practices, including conservation activities, 
that influence soil carbon sequestration may affect 
the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon and other 
gases in the agricultural sector, including methane 
and nitrous oxide; and 
‘‘(5) establishes a benchmark for the baseline 
soil carbon absent additional conservation activities. 
‘‘(i) STRATEGIC PLAN.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Advancing Research on Agri-
cultural Soil Health Act of 2025, the Secretary shall pre-
pare and submit to Congress a strategic plan to implement 
and carry out this section, which shall describe in detail— 
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‘‘(1) the organization and procedures necessary 
to implement and carry out this section; and 
‘‘(2) the plan for measurements in each re-
gional resource area under subsection (d)(1) for the 
first 5-year interval, including the schedule and the 
number of samples collected from each sample site 
selected under subsection (c). 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$17,500,000 for each fiscal year.’’. 
SEC. 6. PREDICTIVE MODELS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop and 
maintain a modeling tool (or combination of tools) that 
shall predict the impacts of different land management 
practices, including implementing conservation activities, 
on atmospheric carbon, methane, and nitrous oxide and 
soil carbon sequestration across the United States. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—In developing the modeling tool 
or tools under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consult 
with— 
(1) the Secretary of Energy; 
(2) the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency; 
(3) agricultural producers, including socially 
disadvantaged farmers and ranchers (as defined in 
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section 355(e) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural 
Development Act (7 U.S.C. 2003(e))); 
(4) soil carbon experts; 
(5) nonprofit organizations; 
(6) academic researchers; 
(7) private companies with expertise in soil car-
bon sequestration or in atmospheric carbon, meth-
ane, and nitrous oxide monitoring for agricultural 
operations; and 
(8) other stakeholders, including the heads of 
other appropriate Federal agencies or non-Federal 
entities, who reflect the operational, geographic, and 
socioeconomic diversity of United States agricultural 
operations. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—The modeling tool or tools de-
scribed in subsection (a) shall— 
(1) be anchored in direct measurements of land, 
including soil sampling, such as under the program 
established under section 1240N of the Food Secu-
rity Act of 1985 and the programs described in sec-
tion 3(b)(3); 
(2) account for differences that could impact 
land management outcomes, including— 
(A) soil type; 
(B) type of land use; 
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(C) type of crop; 
(D) geography and local long-term weather 
patterns; 
(E) geographic size of the land-use oper-
ation; 
(F) ongoing or existing conservation activi-
ties; and 
(G) such other items as the Secretary de-
termines to be appropriate; 
(3) allow a user of the tool to estimate the 
changes in atmospheric carbon, methane, and ni-
trous oxide or soil carbon sequestration, and the un-
certainty of those estimated changes, that occur as 
a result of implementing 1 or more conservation ac-
tivities; and 
(4) be user-friendly and accessible— 
(A) to producers and researchers; and 
(B) in multiple languages. 
(d) REVIEWS AND UPDATES.— 
(1) REVIEWS.—Not less frequently than annu-
ally, the modeling tool or tools described in sub-
section (a) shall be reviewed to determine if an up-
date is required to reflect the best available data and 
science. 
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(2) UPDATES.—If it is determined that an up-
date is required under paragraph (1), the update 
shall be made not later than 1 year after the date 
of that determination. 
(e) PARTNERS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—In analyzing data, con-
ducting research, and developing and maintaining 
the modeling tool or tools under subsection (a), the 
Secretary may partner with— 
(A) an Institution described in paragraph 
(2); 
(B) an institution of higher education with 
expertise in predictive modeling, large-scale 
data collection, soil carbon research, or agricul-
tural conservation management; or 
(C) a Federal research center. 
(2) INSTITUTIONS DESCRIBED.—An Institution 
referred to in paragraph (1)(A) is any of the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An 1862 Institution (as defined in sec-
tion 2 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, 
and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 
7601)). 
(B) An 1890 Institution (as defined in 
that section). 
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(C) A 1994 Institution (as defined in sec-
tion 532 of the Equity in Educational Land- 
Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; 
Public Law 103–382)). 
(f) REPORTING.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that— 
(1) describes the progress of the Secretary in 
developing the modeling tool or tools under sub-
section (a); 
(2) contains an assessment of the accuracy with 
which a user will be able to use the tool to determine 
the permanence and additionality of atmospheric 
carbon, methane, and nitrous oxide reduced or car-
bon sequestered; 
(3) describes the models and survey and anal-
ysis information that the Secretary has developed or 
collected, or intends to develop or collect, as applica-
ble, for purposes of developing or maintaining the 
tool; 
(4) describes— 
(A) whether it was determined that an up-
date was required under subsection (d)(1); and 
(B) if an update was required, the specifics 
of the update; and 
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(5) includes any other information that, as de-
termined by the Secretary, is relevant to— 
(A) the efficacy of the tool; 
(B) the intended applications of the tool; 
or 
(C) the determination of— 
(i) changes in atmospheric carbon, 
methane, and nitrous oxide or soil carbon 
sequestration associated with producer 
land-use practices; or 
(ii)(I) estimates of the impacts of land 
use practices, including conservation activi-
ties, on atmospheric carbon, methane, and 
nitrous oxide and soil carbon sequestration; 
and 
(II) the measurement error of the 
tool. 
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$500,000 for each fiscal year. 
Æ 
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