I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5465 
To amend title 23, United States Code, to require transportation planners 
to consider projects and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 18, 2025 
Mr. HUFFMAN introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
A BILL 
To amend title 23, United States Code, to require transpor-
tation planners to consider projects and strategies to 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Generating Resilient, 
Environmentally Exceptional National Streets Act’’ or the 
‘‘GREEN Streets Act’’. 
SEC. 2. PUBLIC ROADS PERFORMANCE MEASURES. 
Section 150 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended— 
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(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following: 
‘‘(7) COMBATING
CLIMATE
CHANGE.—To re-
duce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emis-
sions and improve the resilience of the transpor-
tation system.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking the paragraph designa-
tion and all that follows through ‘‘Not 
later’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) RULEMAKING.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later’’; and 
(ii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) UPDATES.—The Secretary shall peri-
odically update the rulemaking promulgated 
under subparagraph (A) as necessary, including 
to implement the amendments made to this sec-
tion by the GREEN Streets Act.’’; 
(B) in paragraph (5)— 
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(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; 
and’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(C) transit accessibility (as defined in sec-
tion 5326(a) of title 49); 
‘‘(D) transit stop distance (as defined in 
section 5326(a) of title 49); and 
‘‘(E) transit mode share (as defined in sec-
tion 5326(a) of title 49).’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) 
PERFORMANCE
GOALS
FOR
PUBLIC 
ROADS.—For the purpose of carrying out section 
119(f)(3), the Secretary shall establish— 
‘‘(A) minimum standards for States to use 
in decreasing per capita vehicle miles traveled 
on public roads, including through— 
‘‘(i) alignment of zoning and land use 
policy and planning; 
‘‘(ii) investment in active and safe 
transportation infrastructure, such as side-
walks, trails, and bike lanes; 
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‘‘(iii) 
public 
transit 
and 
safe 
multimodal access to public transit; and 
‘‘(iv) intercity passenger service by 
train or bus; 
‘‘(B) minimum standards for States to use 
in improving the resilience of public roads; 
‘‘(C) in consultation with the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
minimum standards for the reduction of green-
house gas emissions on public roads, with the 
goal of achieving net-zero emissions; and 
‘‘(D) measures for States to use to as-
sess— 
‘‘(i) carbon dioxide emissions on pub-
lic roads; 
‘‘(ii) air pollutants and multipollut-
ants on public roads, including noise pollu-
tion; and 
‘‘(iii) any other greenhouse gas emis-
sions on public roads, as determined to be 
appropriate by the Secretary.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (d)(1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘subsection (c), each State 
shall set’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)(A), 
and not later than 1 year after each update of 
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that rulemaking under subsection (c)(1)(B), 
each State shall set or update, as applicable,’’; 
and 
(B) by striking ‘‘and (6)’’ and inserting 
‘‘(6), and (7)’’. 
SEC. 
3. 
ANALYSIS 
FOR 
ROAD 
CAPACITY 
EXPANSION 
PROJECTS. 
(a) METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING.— 
(1) FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS.—Section 134(h) 
of title 23, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(F) through (J) as subparagraphs (H) 
through (L), respectively; and 
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(E) the following: 
‘‘(F) reduce carbon dioxide and other 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(G) decrease per capita vehicle miles trav-
eled;’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS THAT INCREASE 
TRAFFIC CAPACITY.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
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‘‘(i) COVERED
PROJECT.—The term 
‘covered project’ means a project that— 
‘‘(I) uses funds made available 
under this title to increase traffic ca-
pacity, including— 
‘‘(aa) by adding new travel 
lanes, including on an existing 
road; or 
‘‘(bb) by converting shoulder 
lanes into new travel lanes; or 
‘‘(II) is projected to receive not 
less than $25,000,000 of Federal 
funds made available under this title. 
‘‘(ii) ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE COM-
MUNITY.—The term ‘environmental justice 
community’ means a community with sig-
nificant representation of communities of 
color, low-income communities, or Tribal 
and Indigenous communities, that experi-
ences, or is at risk of experiencing, higher 
or more adverse human health or environ-
mental effects. 
‘‘(B) ANALYSIS.—In furtherance of the 
planning goals described in subparagraphs (F) 
and (G) of paragraph (1), a metropolitan plan-
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ning organization, with input from local com-
munity-based organizations with relevant exper-
tise, shall conduct and publish an analysis of— 
‘‘(i) the impact on per capita vehicle 
miles traveled, mobile source greenhouse 
gas emissions, and non-single-occupancy- 
vehicle trips, including trips by bicycle, pe-
destrian travel, public transportation, and 
passenger rail, prior to approval of each 
covered project within the metropolitan 
planning area; and 
‘‘(ii) with respect to environmental 
justice communities served by the metro-
politan planning organization, air pollu-
tion, toxic air contaminants, and other en-
vironmental justice metrics measured by a 
Federal environmental justice tool, such as 
the environmental justice mapping and 
screening tool created by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
‘‘(5) 
REQUIREMENT
FOR
NEW
CAPACITY 
PROJECTS.—Before carrying out a project to con-
struct new capacity for single occupancy passenger 
vehicles, a metropolitan planning organization shall 
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submit to the Secretary and make publicly available 
documents that demonstrate— 
‘‘(A) that the metropolitan planning orga-
nization has shown progress in achieving a 
state of good repair on the National Highway 
System, as defined in the asset management 
plan of the State under section 119(e); 
‘‘(B) that the project— 
‘‘(i) supports the achievement of per-
formance targets of the State established 
under section 150; and 
‘‘(ii) is more cost effective, as deter-
mined by a benefit-cost analysis, than— 
‘‘(I) an operational improvement 
to the facility or corridor; 
‘‘(II) the construction of a public 
transportation project eligible for as-
sistance under chapter 53 of title 49; 
or 
‘‘(III) the construction of a non- 
single occupancy passenger vehicle 
project that improves freight move-
ment; and 
‘‘(C) that the metropolitan planning orga-
nization and the owner of the facility have a 
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public plan for maintaining and operating the 
new asset while continuing progress in achiev-
ing a state of good repair as described in sub-
paragraph (A).’’. 
(2) 
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION.—Section 
5303(h)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) 
through (I) as subparagraphs (H) through (K), 
respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
the following: 
‘‘(F) reduce carbon dioxide and other 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(G) decrease per capita vehicle miles trav-
eled;’’. 
(b) STATEWIDE AND NONMETROPOLITAN TRANSPOR-
TATION PLANNING.— 
(1) FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS.—Section 135(d) 
of title 23, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(F) through (J) as subparagraphs (H) 
through (L), respectively; and 
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(ii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(E) the following: 
‘‘(F) reduce carbon dioxide and greenhouse 
gas emissions; 
‘‘(G) decrease per capita vehicle miles trav-
eled;’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS THAT INCREASE 
TRAFFIC CAPACITY.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) COVERED
PROJECT.—The term 
‘covered project’ means a project that— 
‘‘(I) uses funds made available 
under this title to increase traffic ca-
pacity, including— 
‘‘(aa) by adding new travel 
lanes, including on an existing 
road; or 
‘‘(bb) by converting shoulder 
lanes into new travel lanes; or 
‘‘(II) is projected to receive not 
less than $25,000,000 of Federal 
funds made available under this title. 
‘‘(ii) ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE COM-
MUNITY.—The term ‘environmental justice 
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community’ means a community with sig-
nificant representation of communities of 
color, low-income communities, or Tribal 
and Indigenous communities, that experi-
ences, or is at risk of experiencing, higher 
or more adverse human health or environ-
mental effects. 
‘‘(B) ANALYSIS.—In furtherance of the 
planning goals described in subparagraphs (F) 
and (G) of paragraph (1), a State shall conduct 
and publish an analysis of— 
‘‘(i) the impact on per capita vehicle 
miles traveled, mobile source greenhouse 
gas emissions, and non-single-occupancy- 
vehicle trips, including trips by bicycle, pe-
destrian travel, public transportation, and 
passenger rail, prior to approval of each 
covered project within the State; and 
‘‘(ii) with respect to environmental 
justice communities served by the State, 
air pollution, toxic air contaminants, and 
other environmental justice metrics meas-
ured by a Federal environmental justice 
tool, such as the environmental justice 
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mapping and screening tool created by the 
Environmental Protection Agency. 
‘‘(5) 
REQUIREMENT
FOR
NEW
CAPACITY 
PROJECTS.—Before carrying out a project to con-
struct new capacity for single occupancy passenger 
vehicles, a State shall submit to the Secretary and 
make publicly available documents that dem-
onstrate— 
‘‘(A) that the State has shown progress in 
achieving a state of good repair on the National 
Highway System, as defined in the asset man-
agement plan of the State under section 119(e); 
‘‘(B) that the project— 
‘‘(i) supports the achievement of per-
formance targets of the State established 
under section 150; and 
‘‘(ii) is more cost effective, as deter-
mined by a benefit-cost analysis, than— 
‘‘(I) an operational improvement 
to the facility or corridor; 
‘‘(II) the construction of a public 
transportation project eligible for as-
sistance under chapter 53 of title 49; 
or 
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‘‘(III) the construction of a non- 
single occupancy passenger vehicle 
project that improves freight move-
ment; and 
‘‘(C) that the State has a public plan for 
maintaining and operating the new asset while 
continuing progress in achieving a state of good 
repair as described in subparagraph (A).’’. 
(2) 
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION.—Section 
5304(d)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) 
through (I) as subparagraphs (H) through (K), 
respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
the following: 
‘‘(F) reduce carbon dioxide and other 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(G) decrease per capita vehicle miles trav-
eled;’’. 
SEC. 4. INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS TO MEET PERFORM-
ANCE GOALS. 
Section 119(f) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended— 
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(1) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘CONDITIONS’’ and inserting ‘‘CONDITIONS; GREEN-
HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ON PUBLIC ROADS’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ON PUBLIC 
ROADS.— 
‘‘(A) OBLIGATION REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 
(ii), if a State reports, in a performance 
target report under section 150(e), that 
the State has not achieved the targets of 
the State for performance measures de-
scribed in section 150(d) pertaining to the 
minimum standards for public roads estab-
lished by the Secretary under section 
150(c)(7), the State shall be required, dur-
ing the following fiscal year— 
‘‘(I) to obligate 33 percent of the 
amount apportioned to the State 
under section 104(b)(1) for the pur-
pose of achieving the targets through 
projects described in clause (iii); and 
‘‘(II) to obligate 10 percent of 
the amount apportioned to the State 
under section 104(b)(2) (other than 
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amounts suballocated to metropolitan 
areas and other areas of the State 
under section 133(d)) for the purpose 
of achieving the targets through 
projects described in clause (iii). 
‘‘(ii) INCREASE.—For each fiscal year 
after the date of enactment of this para-
graph that the State does not achieve the 
targets of the State for performance meas-
ures described in section 150(d) pertaining 
to the minimum standards for public roads 
established by the Secretary under section 
150(c)(7), the amount required to be obli-
gated under clause (i)(I) shall be increased 
by 2 percent over the amount required to 
be obligated in the previous fiscal year. 
‘‘(iii) 
PROJECTS
DESCRIBED.—A 
project referred to in clause (i) is any of 
the following: 
‘‘(I) A project on a Federal-aid 
highway. 
‘‘(II) Transit expansion, includ-
ing an expansion of regular bus 
routes, arterial bus rapid transit, 
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