194 
Science, including a calculation of the percentage of 
equipment acquired from domestic manufacturers 
for this purpose; and 
‘‘(2) identify steps that can be taken by the 
Federal Government and by private industry to in-
crease the capability of domestic manufacturers to 
meet procurement requirements of the Office of 
Science for major projects.’’. 
SEC. 604. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 
under the amendment made by section 603, the Director 
shall carry out a program in basic energy sciences, includ-
ing materials sciences and engineering, chemical sciences, 
physical biosciences, and geosciences, for the purpose of 
providing the scientific foundations for new energy tech-
nologies and addressing scientific grand challenges. 
(b) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a subprogram to support and oversee the construc-
tion, operation, and maintenance of national user fa-
cilities that support the program under this section. 
As practicable, these facilities shall serve the needs 
of the Department, industry, the academic commu-
nity, and other relevant entities to create and exam-
ine new materials and chemical processes for the 
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195 
purposes of advancing new energy technologies and 
improving the competitiveness of the United States. 
These facilities shall include— 
(A) x-ray light sources; 
(B) neutron sources; 
(C) nanoscale science research centers; and 
(D) other facilities the Director considers 
appropriate, consistent with section 209(f) of 
the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139(f)). 
(2) FACILITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Director shall carry out research and develop-
ment on advanced accelerator and storage ring tech-
nologies relevant to the Basic Energy Sciences user 
facilities, in consultation with the Office of Science’s 
High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics pro-
grams. 
(3) 
FACILITY
CONSTRUCTION
AND
UP-
GRADES.—Consistent with the Office of Science’s 
project management practices, the Director shall 
support construction of— 
(A) an upgrade of the Advanced Photon 
Source to optimize and enhance beam bright-
ness; 
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196 
(B) a Second Target Station at the Spall-
ation Neutron Source to double user capacity 
and expand the suite of instruments to meet 
new scientific challenges; 
(C) the Linac Coherent Light Source II to 
expand the x-ray wavelength range, incorporate 
high repetition rate operation for soft and me-
dium energy x-rays, and increase user capacity 
of the Linac Coherent Light Source; and 
(D) an upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source to improve brightness and performance. 
(c) ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program to provide awards, on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collabora-
tions or other appropriate entities to conduct funda-
mental and use-inspired energy research to accel-
erate scientific breakthroughs related to needs iden-
tified in— 
(A) the Grand Challenges report of the De-
partment’s Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee; 
(B) the report of the Department’s Basic 
Energy Sciences Advisory Committee entitled 
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197 
‘‘From Quanta to the Continuum: Opportuni-
ties for Mesoscale Science’’; 
(C) the Basic Energy Sciences Basic Re-
search Needs workshop report; or 
(D) other relevant reports identified by the 
Director. 
(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiv-
ing an award under this subsection may include mul-
tiple types of institutions and private sector entities. 
(3) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A collaboration under 
this subsection shall be selected for a period of 
5 years. An Energy Frontier Research Center 
already in existence and supported by the Di-
rector on the date of enactment of this Act may 
continue to receive support for a period of 5 
years beginning on the date of establishment of 
that center. 
(B) REAPPLICATION.—After the end of the 
period described in subparagraph (A), an 
awardee may reapply for selection for a second 
period of 5 years on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. 
(C) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the 
existing authorities of the Department, the Di-
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198 
rector may terminate an underperforming cen-
ter for cause during the performance period. 
(4) NO
FUNDING
FOR
CONSTRUCTION.—No 
funding provided pursuant to this subsection may be 
used for the construction of new buildings or facili-
ties. 
SEC. 605. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities author-
ized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Orga-
nization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with the 
activities authorized under section 604 and section 606, 
the Director shall carry out a program of research and 
development in the areas of biological systems science and 
climate and environmental science, including subsurface 
science, to support the energy and environmental missions 
of the Department. 
(b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SCIENCE ACTIVITIES.— 
(1) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the activities au-
thorized under subsection (a), the Director shall 
carry out research and development activities in fun-
damental, structural, computational, and systems bi-
ology to increase systems-level understanding of the 
complex biological systems, which shall include ac-
tivities to— 
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