partnership, society, joint stock company, or any 
other entity, including any governmental entity. 
(4) QUALIFIED PRODUCT.—The term ‘‘qualified 
product’’— 
(A) means a food (as defined in section 
201(f) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cos-
metic Act (21 U.S.C. 321(f))); and 
(B) shall not include a dietary supplement 
(as defined in section 201(ff) of the Federal 
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 
321(ff)). 
(5) QUALIFIED CIVIL LIABILITY ACTION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), the term ‘‘qualified civil liability ac-
tion’’— 
(i) means a civil action brought by 
any person against a manufacturer, mar-
keter, distributor, advertiser, or seller of a 
qualified product, or a trade association, 
for damages, penalties, declaratory judg-
ment, injunctive or declaratory relief, res-
titution, or other relief arising out of, or 
related to— 
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(I) a person’s accumulated acts 
of consumption of a qualified product; 
and 
(II) that person’s weight gain, 
obesity, or a health condition caused 
or associated with that person’s 
weight gain or obesity; and 
(ii) includes an action brought by a 
person other than the person on whose 
weight gain, obesity, or health condition 
the action is based, and any derivative ac-
tion brought by or on behalf of any person 
or any representative, spouse, parent, 
child, or other relative of that person. 
(B) EXCEPTION.—A qualified civil liability 
action shall not include— 
(i) an action based on allegations of 
breach of express contract or express war-
ranty, provided that the grounds for recov-
ery being alleged in such action are unre-
lated to a person’s weight gain, obesity, or 
a health condition associated with a per-
son’s weight gain or obesity; 
(ii) an action based on allegations 
that— 
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(I) a manufacturer or seller of a 
qualified product knowingly violated a 
Federal or State statute applicable to 
the marketing, advertisement, or la-
beling of the qualified product with in-
tent for a person to rely on that viola-
tion; 
(II) such person individually and 
justifiably relied on that violation; and 
(III) such reliance was the proxi-
mate cause of injury related to that 
person’s weight gain, obesity, or a 
health condition associated with that 
person’s weight gain or obesity; or 
(iii) an action brought by the Federal 
Trade Commission under the Federal 
Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 
seq.) or by the Federal Food and Drug 
Administration under the Federal Food, 
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et 
seq.). 
(6) SELLER.—The term ‘‘seller’’ means, with 
respect to a qualified product, a person lawfully en-
gaged in the business of marketing, distributing, ad-
vertising, or selling a qualified product. 
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(7) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ includes each of 
the several States of the United States, the District 
of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the 
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 
and any other territory or possession of the United 
States, and any political subdivision of any such 
place. 
(8) TRADE ASSOCIATION.—The term ‘‘trade as-
sociation’’ means any association or business organi-
zation (whether or not incorporated under Federal 
or State law) that is not operated for profit, and 2 
or more members of which are manufacturers, mar-
keters, distributors, advertisers, or sellers of a quali-
fied product. 
Æ 
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