I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5449 
To require congressional redistricting conducted by a State to be conducted 
in accordance with a redistricting plan developed and enacted into law 
by an independent redistricting commission established by the State, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 18, 2025 
Ms. LOFGREN (for herself, Ms. BROWNLEY, Mr. LARSON of Connecticut, Ms. 
ROSS, Mr. VEASEY, Mr. AGUILAR, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mr. BELL, Mr. BERA, 
Mr. CARBAJAL, Ms. CHU, Mr. CISNEROS, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. CORREA, 
Mr. COSTA, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. DOGGETT, Ms. FRIEDMAN, Mr. 
GARAMENDI, Mr. GARCIA of California, Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. HARDER of 
California, Mr. HUFFMAN, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. KAMLAGER- 
DOVE, Mr. KHANNA, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. LICCARDO, Mr. LIEU, Ms. MATSUI, 
Mr. MIN, Mr. MULLIN, Mr. PANETTA, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. PETERS, Ms. 
RIVAS, Mr. RUIZ, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. SHERMAN, Ms. SIMON, Mr. 
SWALWELL, Mr. TAKANO, Mr. THOMPSON of California, Mrs. TORRES of 
California, Mr. TRAN, Mr. WHITESIDES, Ms. WATERS, Ms. JACOBS, Mr. 
GRAY, Mr. LANDSMAN, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. CARSON, and Mr. MRVAN) in-
troduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the 
Judiciary 
A BILL 
To require congressional redistricting conducted by a State 
to be conducted in accordance with a redistricting plan 
developed and enacted into law by an independent redis-
tricting commission established by the State, and for 
other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; STATEMENT OF CONSTITU-
TIONAL AUTHORITY; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Redistricting Reform Act of 2025’’. 
(b) FINDING
OF CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY.— 
Congress finds that it has the authority to establish the 
terms and conditions States must follow in carrying out 
congressional redistricting after an apportionment of 
Members of the House of Representatives because— 
(1) the authority granted to Congress under ar-
ticle I, section 4 of the Constitution of the United 
States gives Congress the power to enact laws gov-
erning the time, place, and manner of elections for 
Members of the House of Representatives; 
(2) the authority granted to Congress under 
section 5 of the fourteenth amendment to the Con-
stitution gives Congress the power to enact laws to 
enforce section 2 of such amendment, which requires 
Representatives to be apportioned among the several 
States according to their number; 
(3) the authority granted to Congress under 
section 5 of the fourteenth amendment to the Con-
stitution gives Congress the power to enact laws to 
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enforce section 1 of such amendment, including pro-
tections against excessive partisan gerrymandering 
that Federal courts have not enforced because they 
understand such enforcement to be committed to 
Congress by the Constitution; 
(4) of the authority granted to Congress to en-
force article IV, section 4, of the Constitution, and 
the guarantee of a Republican Form of Government 
to every State, which Federal courts have not en-
forced because they understand such enforcement to 
be committed to Congress by the Constitution; and 
(5) requiring States to use uniform redistricting 
criteria is an appropriate and important exercise of 
such authority. 
(c) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; statement of constitutional authority; table of contents. 
TITLE I—REQUIREMENTS FOR CONGRESSIONAL REDISTRICTING 
Sec. 101. Requiring congressional redistricting to be conducted through plan of 
independent State commission. 
Sec. 102. Ban on mid-decade redistricting. 
Sec. 103. Criteria for redistricting. 
TITLE II—INDEPENDENT REDISTRICTING COMMISSIONS 
Sec. 201. Independent redistricting commission. 
Sec. 202. Establishment of selection pool of individuals eligible to serve as 
members of commission. 
Sec. 203. Public notice and input. 
Sec. 204. Establishment of related entities. 
Sec. 205. Report on diversity of memberships of independent redistricting com-
missions. 
TITLE III—ROLE OF COURTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF 
REDISTRICTING PLANS 
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Sec. 301. Failure by State to enact plan. 
Sec. 302. Special rule for redistricting conducted under order of Federal court. 
TITLE IV—ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
Sec. 401. Payments to States for carrying out redistricting. 
Sec. 402. Civil enforcement. 
Sec. 403. State apportionment notice defined. 
Sec. 404. No effect on elections for State and local office. 
Sec. 405. Effective date. 
TITLE 
I—REQUIREMENTS 
FOR 
CONGRESSIONAL 
REDIS-
TRICTING 
SEC. 101. REQUIRING CONGRESSIONAL REDISTRICTING TO 
BE CONDUCTED THROUGH PLAN OF INDE-
PENDENT STATE COMMISSION. 
(a) USE OF PLAN REQUIRED.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, and except as provided in sub-
section (c) and subsection (d), any congressional redis-
tricting conducted by a State shall be conducted in accord-
ance with— 
(1) the redistricting plan developed and enacted 
into law by the independent redistricting commission 
established in the State, in accordance with title II; 
or 
(2) if a plan developed by such commission is 
not enacted into law, the redistricting plan developed 
and enacted into law by a 3-judge court, in accord-
ance with section 301. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 22(c) of 
the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the fifteenth and 
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subsequent decennial censuses and to provide for an ap-
portionment of Representatives in Congress’’, approved 
June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a(c)), is amended by striking 
‘‘in the manner provided by the law thereof’’ and insert-
ing: ‘‘in the manner provided by the Redistricting Reform 
Act of 2025’’. 
(c) SPECIAL RULE FOR EXISTING COMMISSIONS.— 
Subsection (a) does not apply to any State in which, under 
law in effect continuously on and after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, congressional redistricting is car-
ried out in accordance with a plan developed and approved 
by an independent redistricting commission which is in 
compliance with each of the following requirements: 
(1) PUBLICLY AVAILABLE APPLICATION PROC-
ESS.—Membership on the commission is open to citi-
zens of the State through a publicly available appli-
cation process. 
(2) DISQUALIFICATIONS
FOR
GOVERNMENT 
SERVICE
AND
POLITICAL
APPOINTMENT.—Individ-
uals who, for a covered period of time as established 
by the State, hold or have held public office, individ-
uals who are or have been candidates for elected 
public office, and individuals who serve or have 
served as an officer, employee, or paid consultant of 
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a campaign committee of a candidate for public of-
fice are disqualified from serving on the commission. 
(3) SCREENING
FOR
CONFLICTS.—Individuals 
who apply to serve on the commission are screened 
through a process that excludes persons with con-
flicts of interest from the pool of potential commis-
sioners. 
(4) MULTI-PARTISAN COMPOSITION.—Member-
ship on the commission represents those who are af-
filiated with the two political parties whose can-
didates received the most votes in the most recent 
statewide election for Federal office held in the 
State, as well as those who are unaffiliated with any 
party or who are affiliated with political parties 
other than the two political parties whose candidates 
received the most votes in the most recent statewide 
election for Federal office held in the State. 
(5) CRITERIA FOR REDISTRICTING.—Members 
of the commission are required to meet certain cri-
teria in the map drawing process, including mini-
mizing the division of communities of interest and a 
ban on drawing maps to favor a political party. 
(6) PUBLIC INPUT.—Public hearings are held 
and comments from the public are accepted before 
a final map is approved. 
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(7) BROAD-BASED SUPPORT FOR APPROVAL OF 
FINAL PLAN.—The approval of the final redistricting 
plan requires a majority vote of the members of the 
commission, including the support of at least one 
member of each of the following: 
(A) Members who are affiliated with the 
political party whose candidate received the 
most votes in the most recent statewide election 
for Federal office held in the State. 
(B) Members who are affiliated with the 
political party whose candidate received the sec-
ond most votes in the most recent statewide 
election for Federal office held in the State. 
(C) Members who are not affiliated with 
any political party or who are affiliated with po-
litical parties other than the political parties de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) and (B). 
(d) TREATMENT OF STATE OF IOWA.—Subsection (a) 
does not apply to the State of Iowa, so long as congres-
sional redistricting in such State is carried out in accord-
ance with a plan developed by the Iowa Legislative Serv-
ices Agency with the assistance of a Temporary Redis-
tricting Advisory Commission, under law which was in ef-
fect for the most recent congressional redistricting carried 
out in the State prior to the date of the enactment of this 
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Act and which remains in effect continuously on and after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 102. BAN ON MID-DECADE REDISTRICTING. 
(a) BAN.—A State that has been redistricted in ac-
cordance with this Act and a State described in section 
101(c) or section 101(d) may not be redistricted again 
until after the next apportionment of Representatives 
under section 22(a) of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide 
for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and 
to provide for an apportionment of Representatives in 
Congress’’, approved June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a), unless 
a court requires the State to conduct such subsequent re-
districting to comply with the Constitution of the United 
States, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 
et seq.), the Constitution of the State, or the terms or 
conditions of this Act. 
(b) APPLICABILITY OF REMEDIES FOR NONCOMPLI-
ANCE.—Section 402 applies with respect to a violation of 
subsection (a) in the same manner as such section applies 
with respect to a violation of any other provision of this 
Act, and the remedies available pursuant to such section 
may be applied with respect to a violation of subsection 
(a). 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply with 
respect to redistricting carried out pursuant to the decen-
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nial census conducted during 2020 or any succeeding de-
cennial census. 
SEC. 103. CRITERIA FOR REDISTRICTING. 
(a) REQUIRING PLANS TO MEET CRITERIA.—A 
State may not use a congressional redistricting plan that 
is not in compliance with this section. 
(b) RANKED CRITERIA.—Under the redistricting plan 
of a State, there shall be established single-member con-
gressional districts using the following criteria as set forth 
in the following order of priority: 
(1) Districts shall comply with the United 
States Constitution, including the requirement that 
they substantially equalize total population. 
(2) Districts shall comply with the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), in-
cluding by creating any districts where, if based 
upon the totality of the circumstances, 2 or more po-
litically cohesive groups protected by such Act are 
able to elect representatives of choice in coalition 
with one another, and all applicable Federal laws. 
(3)(A) Districts shall be drawn, to the extent 
that the totality of the circumstances warrant, to en-
sure the practical ability of a group protected under 
the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et 
seq.) to participate in the political process and to 
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nominate candidates and to elect representatives of 
choice is not diluted or diminished, regardless of 
whether or not such protected group constitutes a 
majority of a district’s citizen voting age population. 
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the as-
sessment of whether a protected group has the prac-
tical ability to nominate candidates and to elect rep-
resentatives of choice shall require the consideration 
of the following factors: 
(i) Whether the group is politically cohe-
sive. 
(ii) Whether there is racially polarized vot-
ing in the relevant geographic region. 
(iii) If there is racially polarized voting in 
the relevant geographic region, whether the pre-
ferred candidates of the group nevertheless re-
ceive a sufficient amount of consistent crossover 
support from other voters such that the group 
is a functional majority with the ability to both 
nominate candidates and elect representatives 
of choice. 
(4)(A) Districts shall be drawn to represent 
communities of interest and neighborhoods to the 
extent practicable after compliance with the require-
ments of paragraphs (1) through (3). A community 
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of interest is defined as an area for which the record 
before the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the redistricting plan demonstrates the ex-
istence of broadly shared interests and representa-
tional needs, including shared interests and rep-
resentational needs rooted in common ethnic, racial, 
economic, Indian, social, cultural, geographic, or his-
toric identities, or arising from similar socioeconomic 
conditions. The term communities of interest may, if 
the record warrants, include political subdivisions 
such as counties, municipalities, Indian lands, or 
school districts, but shall not include common rela-
tionships with political parties or political can-
didates. 
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), in con-
sidering the needs of multiple, overlapping commu-
nities of interest, the entity responsible for devel-
oping and adopting the redistricting plan shall give 
greater weight to those communities of interest 
whose representational needs would most benefit 
from the community’s inclusion in a single congres-
sional district. 
(c) NO FAVORING OR DISFAVORING OF POLITICAL 
PARTIES.— 
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(1) PROHIBITION.—A State may not use a re-
districting plan to conduct an election that, when 
considered on a statewide basis, has been drawn 
with the intent or has the effect of materially favor-
ing or disfavoring any political party. 
(2) DETERMINATION OF EFFECT.—The deter-
mination of whether a redistricting plan has the ef-
fect of materially favoring or disfavoring a political 
party shall be based on an evaluation of the totality 
of circumstances which, at a minimum, shall involve 
consideration of each of the following factors: 
(A) Computer modeling based on relevant 
statewide general elections for Federal office 
held over the 8 years preceding the adoption of 
the redistricting plan setting forth the probable 
electoral outcomes for the plan under a range 
of reasonably foreseeable conditions. 
(B) An analysis of whether the redis-
tricting plan is statistically likely to result in 
partisan advantage or disadvantage on a state-
wide basis, the degree of any such advantage or 
disadvantage, and whether such advantage or 
disadvantage is likely to be present under a 
range of reasonably foreseeable electoral condi-
tions. 
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(C) A comparison of the modeled electoral 
outcomes for the redistricting plan to the mod-
eled electoral outcomes for alternative plans 
that demonstrably comply with the require-
ments of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of sub-
section (b) in order to determine whether rea-
sonable alternatives exist that would result in 
materially lower levels of partisan advantage or 
disadvantage on a statewide basis. For purposes 
of this subparagraph, alternative plans consid-
ered may include both actual plans proposed 
during the redistricting process and other plans 
prepared for purposes of comparison. 
(D) Any other relevant information, includ-
ing how broad support for the redistricting plan 
was among members of the entity responsible 
for developing and adopting the plan and 
whether the processes leading to the develop-
ment and adoption of the plan were transparent 
and equally open to all members of the entity 
and to the public. 
(3) REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION.— 
(A) TRIGGER.—In any civil action brought 
under section 402 in which a party asserts a 
claim that a State has enacted a redistricting 
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plan which is in violation of this subsection, a 
party may file a motion not later than 30 days 
after the enactment of the plan (or, if later, not 
later than 30 days after the effective date of 
this Act) requesting that the court determine 
whether a presumption of such a violation ex-
ists. If such a motion is timely filed, the court 
shall hold a hearing not later than 15 days 
after the date the motion is filed to assess 
whether a presumption of such a violation ex-
ists. 
(B) ASSESSMENT.—To conduct the assess-
ment required under subparagraph (A), the 
court shall do the following: 
(i) Determine the number of congres-
sional districts under the plan that would 
have been carried by each political party’s 
candidates for the office of President and 
the office of Senator in the 2 most recent 
general elections for the office of President 
and the 2 most recent general elections for 
the office of Senator (other than special 
general elections) immediately preceding 
the enactment of the plan, except that if a 
State conducts a primary election for the 
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office of Senator which is open to can-
didates of all political parties, the primary 
election shall be used instead of the gen-
eral election and the number of districts 
carried by a party’s candidates for the of-
fice of Senator shall be determined on the 
basis of the combined vote share of all can-
didates in the election who are affiliated 
with such party. 
(ii) Determine, for each of the 4 elec-
tions assessed under clause (i), whether 
the number of districts that would have 
been carried by any party’s candidate as 
determined under clause (i) results in par-
tisan advantage or disadvantage in excess 
of 7 percent or one congressional district, 
whichever is greater, as determined by 
standard quantitative measures of partisan 
fairness that relate a party’s share of the 
statewide vote to that party’s share of 
seats. 
(C) PRESUMPTION OF VIOLATION.—A plan 
is presumed to violate paragraph (1) if it ex-
ceeds the threshold described in clause (ii) of 
subparagraph (B) with respect to 2 or more of 
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the 4 elections assessed under such subpara-
graph. 
(D) STAY
OF
USE
OF
PLAN.—Notwith-
standing any other provision of this Act, in any 
action under this paragraph, the following rules 
shall apply: 
(i) Upon filing of a motion under sub-
paragraph (A), a State’s use of the plan 
which is the subject of the motion shall be 
automatically stayed pending resolution of 
such motion. 
(ii) If after considering the motion, 
the court rules that the plan is presumed 
under subparagraph (C) to violate para-
graph (1), a State may not use such plan 
until and unless the court which is car-
rying out the determination of the effect of 
the plan under paragraph (2) determines 
that, notwithstanding the presumptive vio-
lation, the plan does not violate paragraph 
(1). 
(E) NO
EFFECT
ON
OTHER
ASSESS-
MENTS.—The absence of a presumption of a 
violation with respect to a redistricting plan as 
determined under this paragraph shall not af-
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fect the determination of the effect of the plan 
under paragraph (2). 
(4) DETERMINATION OF INTENT.—A court may 
rely on all available evidence when determining 
whether a redistricting plan was drawn with the in-
tent to materially favor or disfavor a political party, 
including evidence of the partisan effects of a plan, 
the degree of support the plan received from mem-
bers of the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the plan, and whether the processes leading 
to development and adoption of the plan were trans-
parent and equally open to all members of the entity 
and to the public. 
(5) NO
VIOLATION
BASED
ON
CERTAIN
CRI-
TERIA.—No redistricting plan shall be found to be 
in violation of paragraph (1) because of the proper 
application of the criteria set forth in paragraphs 
(1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b), unless one or more 
alternative plans could have complied with such 
paragraphs without having the effect of materially 
favoring or disfavoring a political party. 
(d) FACTORS PROHIBITED FROM CONSIDERATION.— 
In developing the redistricting plan for the State, the 
State may not take into consideration any of the following 
factors, except as necessary to comply with the criteria 
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described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (b), 
to achieve partisan fairness and comply with subsection 
(b), and to enable the redistricting plan to be measured 
against the external metrics described in section 203(d): 
(1) The residence of any Member of the House 
of Representatives or candidate. 
(2) The political party affiliation or voting his-
tory of the population of a district. 
(e) ADDITIONAL CRITERIA.—A State may not rely 
upon criteria not set forth in this section to justify non- 
compliance with the requirements of this section. 
(f) APPLICABILITY.—This section applies to any au-
thority, whether appointed, elected, judicial, or otherwise, 
responsible for enacting the congressional redistricting 
plan of a State. 
(g) SEVERABILITY OF CRITERIA.—If any of the cri-
teria set forth in this section, or the application of such 
criteria to any person or circumstance, is held to be uncon-
stitutional, the remaining criteria set forth in this section, 
and the application of such criteria to any person or cir-
cumstance, shall not be affected by the holding. 
TITLE II—INDEPENDENT 
REDISTRICTING COMMISSIONS 
SEC. 201. INDEPENDENT REDISTRICTING COMMISSION. 
(a) APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The nonpartisan agency es-
tablished or designated by a State under section 
204(a) shall establish an independent redistricting 
commission for the State, which shall consist of 15 
members appointed by the agency as follows: 
(A) Not later than October 1 of a year 
ending in the numeral zero, the agency shall, at 
a public meeting held not earlier than 15 days 
after notice of the meeting has been given to 
the public, first appoint 6 members as follows: 
(i) The agency shall appoint 2 mem-
bers on a random basis from the majority 
category of the approved selection pool (as 
described in section 202(b)(1)(A)). 
(ii) The agency shall appoint 2 mem-
bers on a random basis from the minority 
category of the approved selection pool (as 
described in section 202(b)(1)(B)). 
(iii) The agency shall appoint 2 mem-
bers on a random basis from the inde-
pendent category of the approved selection 
pool (as described in section 202(b)(1)(C)). 
(B) Not later than November 15 of a year 
ending in the numeral zero, the members ap-
pointed by the agency under subparagraph (A) 
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shall, at a public meeting held not earlier than 
15 days after notice of the meeting has been 
given to the public, then appoint 9 members as 
follows: 
(i) The members shall appoint 3 mem-
bers from the majority category of the ap-
proved selection pool (as described in sec-
tion 202(b)(1)(A)). 
(ii) The members shall appoint 3 
members from the minority category of the 
approved selection pool (as described in 
section 202(b)(1)(B)). 
(iii) The members shall appoint 3 
members from the independent category of 
the approved selection pool (as described in 
section 202(b)(1)(C)). 
(2) RULES
FOR
APPOINTMENT
OF
MEMBERS 
APPOINTED BY FIRST MEMBERS.— 
(A) AFFIRMATIVE VOTE OF AT LEAST 4 
MEMBERS.—The appointment of any of the 9 
members of the independent redistricting com-
mission who are appointed by the first members 
of the commission pursuant to subparagraph 
(B) of paragraph (1), as well as the designation 
of alternates for such members pursuant to 
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subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) and the ap-
pointment of alternates to fill vacancies pursu-
ant to subparagraph (B) of paragraph (4), shall 
require the affirmative vote of at least 4 of the 
members appointed by the nonpartisan agency 
under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), in-
cluding at least one member from each of the 
categories referred to in such subparagraph. 
(B) ENSURING DIVERSITY.—In appointing 
the 9 members pursuant to subparagraph (B) 
of paragraph (1), as well as in designating al-
ternates pursuant to subparagraph (B) of para-
graph (3) and in appointing alternates to fill 
vacancies pursuant to subparagraph (B) of 
paragraph (4), the first members of the inde-
pendent redistricting commission shall ensure 
that the membership is representative of the de-
mographic groups (including racial, ethnic, eco-
nomic, and gender) and geographic regions of 
the State, and provides racial, ethnic, and lan-
guage minorities protected under the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 with a meaningful oppor-
tunity to participate in the development of the 
State’s redistricting plan. 
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(3) DESIGNATION OF ALTERNATES TO SERVE 
IN CASE OF VACANCIES.— 
(A) MEMBERS APPOINTED BY AGENCY.— 
At the time the agency appoints the members 
of the independent redistricting commission 
under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) from 
each of the categories referred to in such sub-
paragraph, the agency shall, on a random basis, 
designate 2 other individuals from such cat-
egory to serve as alternate members who may 
be appointed to fill vacancies in the commission 
in accordance with paragraph (4). 
(B) MEMBERS APPOINTED BY FIRST MEM-
BERS.—At the time the members appointed by 
the agency appoint the other members of the 
independent redistricting commission under 
subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) from each 
of the categories referred to in such subpara-
graph, the members shall, in accordance with 
the special rules described in paragraph (2), 
designate 2 other individuals from such cat-
egory to serve as alternate members who may 
be appointed to fill vacancies in the commission 
in accordance with paragraph (4). 
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(4) APPOINTMENT OF ALTERNATES TO SERVE 
IN CASE OF VACANCIES.— 
(A) MEMBERS APPOINTED BY AGENCY.—If 
a vacancy occurs in the commission with respect 
to a member who was appointed by the non-
partisan agency under subparagraph (A) of 
paragraph (1) from one of the categories re-
ferred to in such subparagraph, the agency 
shall fill the vacancy by appointing, on a ran-
dom basis, one of the 2 alternates from such 
category who was designated under subpara-
graph (A) of paragraph (3). At the time the 
agency appoints an alternate to fill a vacancy 
under the previous sentence, the agency shall 
designate, on a random basis, another indi-
vidual from the same category to serve as an al-
ternate member, in accordance with subpara-
graph (A) of paragraph (3). 
(B) MEMBERS APPOINTED BY FIRST MEM-
BERS.—If a vacancy occurs in the commission 
with respect to a member who was appointed by 
the first members of the commission under sub-
paragraph (B) of paragraph (1) from one of the 
categories referred to in such subparagraph, the 
first members shall, in accordance with the spe-
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cial rules described in paragraph (2), fill the va-
cancy by appointing one of the 2 alternates 
from such category who was designated under 
subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3). At the time 
the first members appoint an alternate to fill a 
vacancy under the previous sentence, the first 
members shall, in accordance with the special 
rules described in paragraph (2), designate an-
other individual from the same category to 
serve as an alternate member, in accordance 
with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3). 
(5) REMOVAL.—A member of the independent 
redistricting commission may be removed by a ma-
jority vote of the remaining members of the commis-
sion if it is shown by a preponderance of the evi-
dence that the member is not eligible to serve on the 
commission under section 202(a). 
(b) PROCEDURES
FOR CONDUCTING COMMISSION 
BUSINESS.— 
(1) CHAIR.—Members of an independent redis-
tricting commission established under this section 
shall select by majority vote one member who was 
appointed from the independent category of the ap-
proved 
selection 
pool 
described 
in 
section 
202(b)(1)(C) to serve as chair of the commission. 
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The commission may not take any action to develop 
a redistricting plan for the State under section 203 
until the appointment of the commission’s chair. 
(2) REQUIRING MAJORITY APPROVAL FOR AC-
TIONS.—The independent redistricting commission 
of a State may not publish and disseminate any 
draft or final redistricting plan, or take any other 
action, without the approval of at least— 
(A) a majority of the whole membership of 
the commission; and 
(B) at least one member of the commission 
appointed from each of the categories of the ap-
proved selection pool described in section 
202(b)(1). 
(3) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of 
the commission shall constitute a quorum. 
(c) STAFF; CONTRACTORS.— 
(1) STAFF.—Under a public application process 
in which all application materials are available for 
public inspection, the independent redistricting com-
mission of a State shall appoint and set the pay of 
technical experts, legal counsel, consultants, and 
such other staff as it considers appropriate, subject 
to State law. 
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(2) CONTRACTORS.—The independent redis-
tricting commission of a State may enter into such 
contracts with vendors as it considers appropriate, 
subject to State law, except that any such contract 
shall be valid only if approved by the vote of a ma-
jority of the members of the commission, including 
at least one member appointed from each of the cat-
egories of the approved selection pool described in 
section 202(b)(1). 
(3) REPORTS ON EXPENDITURES FOR POLIT-
ICAL ACTIVITY.— 
(A) REPORT BY APPLICANTS.—Each indi-
vidual who applies for a position as an employee 
of the independent redistricting commission and 
each vendor who applies for a contract with the 
commission shall, at the time of applying, file 
with the commission a report summarizing— 
(i) any expenditure for political activ-
ity made by such individual or vendor dur-
ing the 10 most recent calendar years; and 
(ii) any income received by such indi-
vidual or vendor during the 10 most recent 
calendar years which is attributable to an 
expenditure for political activity. 
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(B) ANNUAL
REPORTS
BY
EMPLOYEES 
AND VENDORS.—Each person who is an em-
ployee or vendor of the independent redis-
tricting commission shall, not later than 1 year 
after the person is appointed as an employee or 
enters into a contract as a vendor (as the case 
may be) and annually thereafter for each year 
during which the person serves as an employee 
or a vendor, file with the commission a report 
summarizing the expenditures and income de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) during the 10 most 
recent calendar years. 
(C) EXPENDITURE FOR POLITICAL ACTIV-
ITY
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term 
‘‘expenditure for political activity’’ means a dis-
bursement for any of the following: 
(i) An independent expenditure, as de-
fined in section 301(17) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30101(17)). 
(ii) An electioneering communication, 
as defined in section 304(f)(3) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 30104(f)(3)) or any other pub-
lic communication, as defined in section 
301(22) 
of 
such 
Act 
(52 
U.S.C. 
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30101(22)) that would be an electioneering 
communication if it were a broadcast, 
cable, or satellite communication. 
(iii) Any dues or other payments to 
trade associations or organizations de-
scribed in section 501(c) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from 
tax under section 501(a) of such Code that 
are, or could reasonably be anticipated to 
be, used or transferred to another associa-
tion or organization for a use described in 
paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 501(c) 
of such Code. 
(4) GOAL OF IMPARTIALITY.—The commission 
shall take such steps as it considers appropriate to 
ensure that any staff appointed under this sub-
section, and any vendor with whom the commission 
enters into a contract under this subsection, will 
work in an impartial manner, and may require any 
person who applies for an appointment to a staff po-
sition or for a vendor’s contract with the commission 
to provide information on the person’s history of po-
litical activity beyond the information on the per-
son’s expenditures for political activity provided in 
the reports required under paragraph (3) (including 
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donations to candidates, political committees, and 
political parties) as a condition of the appointment 
or the contract. 
(5) DISQUALIFICATION; WAIVER.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The independent redis-
tricting commission may not appoint an indi-
vidual as an employee, and may not enter into 
a contract with a vendor, if the individual or 
vendor meets any of the criteria for the dis-
qualification of an individual from serving as a 
member of the commission which are set forth 
in section 202(a)(2). 
(B) WAIVER.—The commission may by 
unanimous vote of its members waive the appli-
cation of subparagraph (A) to an individual or 
a vendor after receiving and reviewing the re-
port filed by the individual or vendor under 
paragraph (3). 
(d) TERMINATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The independent redis-
tricting commission of a State shall terminate on the 
earlier of— 
(A) June 14 of the next year ending in the 
numeral zero; or 
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(B) the day on which the nonpartisan 
agency established or designated by a State 
under section 204(a) has, in accordance with 
section 202(b)(1), submitted a selection pool to 
the Select Committee on Redistricting for the 
State established under section 204(b). 
(2) PRESERVATION
OF
RECORDS.—The State 
shall ensure that the records of the independent re-
districting commission are retained in the appro-
priate State archive in such manner as may be nec-
essary to enable the State to respond to any civil ac-
tion brought with respect to congressional redis-
tricting in the State. 
SEC. 202. ESTABLISHMENT OF SELECTION POOL OF INDI-
VIDUALS ELIGIBLE TO SERVE AS MEMBERS 
OF COMMISSION. 
(a) CRITERIA FOR ELIGIBILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—An individual is eligible to 
serve as a member of an independent redistricting 
commission if the individual meets each of the fol-
lowing criteria: 
(A) As of the date of appointment, the in-
dividual is registered to vote in elections for 
Federal office held in the State. 
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(B) During the 3-year period ending on 
the date of the individual’s appointment, the in-
dividual has been continuously registered to 
vote with the same political party, or has not 
been registered to vote with any political party. 
(C) The individual submits to the non-
partisan agency established or designated by a 
State under section 204, at such time and in 
such form as the agency may require, an appli-
cation for inclusion in the selection pool under 
this section, and includes with the application a 
written statement, with an attestation under 
penalty of perjury, containing the following in-
formation and assurances: 
(i) The full current name and any 
former names of, and the contact informa-
tion for, the individual, including an elec-
tronic mail address, the address of the in-
dividual’s residence, mailing address, and 
telephone numbers. 
(ii) The individual’s race, ethnicity, 
gender, age, date of birth, and household 
income for the most recent taxable year. 
(iii) The political party with which the 
individual is affiliated, if any. 
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(iv) The reason or reasons the indi-
vidual desires to serve on the independent 
redistricting commission, the individual’s 
qualifications, and information relevant to 
the ability of the individual to be fair and 
impartial, including, but not limited to— 
(I) any involvement with, or fi-
nancial support of, professional, so-
cial, political, religious, or community 
organizations or causes; and 
(II) the individual’s employment 
and educational history. 
(v) An assurance that the individual 
shall commit to carrying out the individ-
ual’s duties under this Act in an honest, 
independent, and impartial fashion, and to 
upholding public confidence in the integrity 
of the redistricting process. 
(vi) An assurance that, during the 
covered periods described in paragraph (3), 
the individual has not taken and will not 
take any action which would disqualify the 
individual from serving as a member of the 
commission under paragraph (2). 
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(2) DISQUALIFICATIONS.—An individual is not 
eligible to serve as a member of the commission if 
any of the following applies during any of the cov-
ered periods described in paragraph (3): 
(A) The individual or (in the case of the 
covered periods described in subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (3)) an immediate family 
member of the individual holds public office or 
is a candidate for election for public office. 
(B) The individual or (in the case of the 
covered periods described in subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (3)) an immediate family 
member of the individual serves as an officer of 
a political party or as an officer, employee, or 
paid consultant of a campaign committee of a 
candidate for public office or of any political ac-
tion committee (as determined in accordance 
with the law of the State). 
(C) The individual or (in the case of the 
covered periods described in subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (3)) an immediate family 
member of the individual holds a position as a 
registered lobbyist under the Lobbying Disclo-
sure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) or an 
equivalent State or local law. 
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(D) The individual or (in the case of the 
covered periods described in subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (3)) an immediate family 
member of the individual is an employee of an 
elected public official, a contractor with the gov-
ernment of the State, or a donor to the cam-
paign of any candidate for public office or to 
any political action committee (other than a 
donor who, during any of such covered periods, 
gives an aggregate amount of $1,000 or less to 
the campaigns of all candidates for all public 
offices and to all political action committees). 
(E) The individual paid a civil money pen-
alty or criminal fine, or was sentenced to a 
term of imprisonment, for violating any provi-
sion of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.). 
(F) The individual or (in the case of the 
covered periods described in subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) of paragraph (3)) an immediate family 
member of the individual is an agent of a for-
eign principal under the Foreign Agents Reg-
istration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 
611 et seq.). 
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(3) COVERED
PERIODS
DESCRIBED.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘‘covered period’’ means, with 
respect to the appointment of an individual to the 
commission, any of the following: 
(A) The 10-year period ending on the date 
of the individual’s appointment. 
(B) The period beginning on the date of 
the individual’s appointment and ending on Au-
gust 14 of the next year ending in the numeral 
one. 
(C) The 10-year period beginning on the 
day after the last day of the period described in 
subparagraph (B). 
(4) IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBER DEFINED.—In 
this subsection, the term ‘‘immediate family mem-
ber’’ means, with respect to an individual, a father, 
stepfather, mother, stepmother, son, stepson, daugh-
ter, stepdaughter, brother, stepbrother, sister, step-
sister, husband, wife, father-in-law, or mother-in- 
law. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT AND SUBMISSION OF SELECTION 
POOL.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than June 15 of 
each year ending in the numeral zero, the non-
partisan agency established or designated by a State 
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under section 204(a) shall develop and submit to the 
Select Committee on Redistricting for the State es-
tablished under section 204(b) a selection pool of 36 
individuals who are eligible to serve as members of 
the independent redistricting commission of the 
State under this Act, consisting of individuals in the 
following categories: 
(A) A majority category, consisting of 12 
individuals who are affiliated with the political 
party whose candidate received the most votes 
in the most recent statewide election for Fed-
eral office held in the State. 
(B) A minority category, consisting of 12 
individuals who are affiliated with the political 
party whose candidate received the second most 
votes in the most recent statewide election for 
Federal office held in the State. 
(C) An independent category, consisting of 
12 individuals who are not affiliated with either 
of the political parties described in subpara-
graph (A) or subparagraph (B). 
(2) FACTORS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN DEVEL-
OPING POOL.—In selecting individuals for the selec-
tion pool under this subsection, the nonpartisan 
agency shall— 
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(A) ensure that the pool is representative 
of the demographic groups (including racial, 
ethnic, economic, and gender) and geographic 
regions of the State, and includes applicants 
who would allow racial, ethnic, and language 
minorities protected under the Voting Rights 
Act of 1965 a meaningful opportunity to par-
ticipate in the development of the State’s redis-
tricting plan; and 
(B) take into consideration the analytical 
skills of the individuals selected in relevant 
fields (including mapping, data management, 
law, community outreach, demography, and the 
geography of the State) and their ability to 
work on an impartial basis. 
(3) INTERVIEWS
OF
APPLICANTS.—To assist 
the nonpartisan agency in developing the selection 
pool under this subsection, the nonpartisan agency 
shall conduct interviews of applicants under oath. If 
an individual is included in a selection pool devel-
oped under this section, all of the interviews of the 
individual shall be transcribed and the transcriptions 
made available on the nonpartisan agency’s website 
contemporaneously with release of the report under 
paragraph (6). 
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(4) DETERMINATION OF POLITICAL PARTY AF-
FILIATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN SELECTION POOL.— 
For purposes of this section, an individual shall be 
considered to be affiliated with a political party only 
if the nonpartisan agency is able to verify (to the 
greatest extent possible) the information the indi-
vidual provides in the application submitted under 
subsection (a)(1)(C), including by considering addi-
tional information provided by other persons with 
knowledge of the individual’s history of political ac-
tivity. 
(5) ENCOURAGING RESIDENTS TO APPLY FOR 
INCLUSION IN POOL.—The nonpartisan agency shall 
take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that 
residents of the State across various geographic re-
gions and demographic groups are aware of the op-
portunity to serve on the independent redistricting 
commission, including publicizing the role of the 
panel and using newspapers, broadcast media, and 
online sources, including ethnic media, to encourage 
individuals to apply for inclusion in the selection 
pool developed under this subsection. 
(6) REPORT
ON
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
SELEC-
TION POOL.—At the time the nonpartisan agency 
submits the selection pool to the Select Committee 
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on Redistricting under paragraph (1), it shall pub-
lish and post on the agency’s public website a report 
describing the process by which the pool was devel-
oped, and shall include in the report a description of 
how the individuals in the pool meet the eligibility 
criteria of subsection (a) and of how the pool reflects 
the factors the agency is required to take into con-
sideration under paragraph (2). 
(7) PUBLIC COMMENT ON SELECTION POOL.— 
During the 14-day period which begins on the date 
the nonpartisan agency publishes the report under 
paragraph (6), the agency shall accept comments 
from the public on the individuals included in the se-
lection pool. The agency shall post all such com-
ments contemporaneously on the nonpartisan agen-
cy’s website and shall transmit them to the Select 
Committee on Redistricting immediately upon the 
expiration of such period. 
(8) ACTION BY SELECT COMMITTEE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not earlier than 15 
days and not later than 21 days after receiving 
the selection pool from the nonpartisan agency 
under paragraph (1), the Select Committee on 
Redistricting shall, by majority vote— 
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(i) approve the pool as submitted by 
the nonpartisan agency, in which case the 
pool shall be considered the approved selec-
tion pool for purposes of section 201(a)(1); 
or 
(ii) reject the pool, in which case the 
nonpartisan agency shall develop and sub-
mit a replacement selection pool in accord-
ance with subsection (c). 
(B) INACTION
DEEMED
REJECTION.—If 
the Select Committee on Redistricting fails to 
approve or reject the pool within the deadline 
set forth in subparagraph (A), the Select Com-
mittee shall be deemed to have rejected the pool 
for purposes of such subparagraph. 
(c) DEVELOPMENT
OF REPLACEMENT SELECTION 
POOL.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Select Committee on 
Redistricting rejects the selection pool submitted by 
the nonpartisan agency under subsection (b), not 
later than 14 days after the rejection, the non-
partisan agency shall develop and submit to the Se-
lect Committee a replacement selection pool, under 
the same terms and conditions that applied to the 
development and submission of the selection pool 
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under paragraphs (1) through (7) of subsection (b). 
The replacement pool submitted under this para-
graph may include individuals who were included in 
the rejected selection pool submitted under sub-
section (b), so long as at least one of the individuals 
in the replacement pool was not included in such re-
jected pool. 
(2) ACTION BY SELECT COMMITTEE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 21 days 
after receiving the replacement selection pool 
from the nonpartisan agency under paragraph 
(1), the Select Committee on Redistricting 
shall, by majority vote— 
(i) approve the pool as submitted by 
the nonpartisan agency, in which case the 
pool shall be considered the approved selec-
tion pool for purposes of section 201(a)(1); 
or 
(ii) reject the pool, in which case the 
nonpartisan agency shall develop and sub-
mit a second replacement selection pool in 
accordance with subsection (d). 
(B) INACTION
DEEMED
REJECTION.—If 
the Select Committee on Redistricting fails to 
approve or reject the pool within the deadline 
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