Al54 movements acrosa vast oceans to lands where every fourth or fifth person ts a Communist sympathizer. In conclusion, adoption of the resolution would provide a sure method of effective co- operation between the two coordinate branches of the Government—the executive and the legislative—and hence make affirm- ative action truly that of the United States Government and people. ¥. R. Coupsrr, Jr. WasHtInoton, D. C., January 5, 1951. SE ee emma seen A Correction —e EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN Or O#10 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, a few minutes before the House con- vened on January 4 1 received a letter from an official of a well-known national organization which has conducted nu- merous research studies for many Mem- bers of Congress throughout the years. The letter called my attention to two original press-release copies of Gallup polls—one marked for release on De- cember 20 and the other for release on December 22-—together with the state- ment that neither had appeared in the Washington Post, which has the local publication rights for the Gallup poll, and that these particular polls should be of great interest to the Congress. I had no recollection of having seen the printed reports of these two par- ticular polls, although I am a regular reader of the Washington Post. With- out checking personally, as I undoubt- edly showld have done, I {nserted the reports of the two polls in the Conarzs- SIONAL Recor, with the statement they had not appeared in the Post and the comment that probably the unusually large volume of pre-Christmas advertis- ing had prevented their publication. On Wednesday of last week the Wash- ington Post carried a reproduction of one of the Gallup polls referred to, as it had appeared on page 25 of the Decem- ber 22 issue of the Post—which perhaps explained why I had missed it, inas- much as such polls usually appear on page 1. I was later informed by a re- porter and by one of the officials of the Post that both polls had been published, and since then I have been furnished with tear sheets from the Post showing both such publications. Therefore, in the desire to be fair to my colleagues and to the Washington Post, and not wishing to do an injus- tice to that publication, I have asked leave to insert these remarks in the Recorp and to express my regret over the incident. While my original re- marks on this subject were based on information I believed to be correct, I take full responsibility for the error, in- asmuch as I had failed to check the information personally, as developments demonstrated I should have done. Our American Duty EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. GEORGE B. SCHWABE OF OKLAHOMA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 15, 1951 Mr. SCHWABE. Mr. Speaker, the following full-page display article as cop- fed from the Los Angeles Examiner, of Sunday, December 10, 1950, was re- printed from regular editions of that newspaper of December 4, 1950. It ap- pears to have been an editorial. The thoughts therein expressed are in keep- ing with the sentiments expressed by our Many newspapers and statesmen, as well as by what appears to be an over- whelming majority of the people of this country. I have obtained permission to insert this in the ConGRESSIONAL RECORD for the benefit of those who have not had an opportunity to read it elsewhere. Ovor Amgrican Dury The blundering and disloyal foreign poll- cies of the New Deal are taking this country into complete disaster—both military and economic. Our sovereignty has been impaired by making us a virtual vassal of the United Na- tions, which disrupts our councils, and seeks to fly its mongrel flag over our public bulld- ings. Our wealth is dissipated to support soclal- ism abroad and to defend allen peoples who are not willing to defend themselves. The lives of our young men are being sacrificed in a desperate war which our purported allies are not trying to help us win on the battlefields and are conspiring to make us lose in the mazes of diplomacy— and duplicity. For our own survival, it is imperative that we extricate ourselves from these destroying situations at once. Without even inadequate support from others in the United Nations we are fighting almost alone against massed hordes on the Asian continent. Continuing the war means only the slaugh- ter of millions in a quixotic American at- tempt to conquer a vast and distant popula- on. First and foremost, therefore, this country should withdraw its Armed Forces from the invasion areas, We should get our troops out of Korea as quickly as possible. We should come home to our own country, reconstruct our defenses, and give heed to our own security and welfare. This might be a defeat for the New Deal, which is responsible for our dismal plight. It would not be a defeat for the United States, but merely an act of self-preserva- tion, Secondly, we should get out of the United Nations. That organization has not sustained us in the war that we undertook in its behalf. Instead, it has interfered with our opera- tions. Furthermore, it is conniving to admit the enemy into a privileged membership where the enemy could dictate peace terms, Accordingly, the United Nations should let Red Ohina in and leave the United States out. Then let the United Nations see how jt gets along, This country has maintained the United Nations since its inception, with no return in loyalty or gratitude. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD So let those who run the United Nations pay for the United Nations and fight its ware. Finally, we should end our unrequited ef- Eebed to support and supply an ingrate rope. Even England, our supposedly stanch ally, has not genuinely backed us in our solitary United Nations war, nor assisted us else~ where. On the contrary, Marxiet England formally recognized the Chinese Communist govern- ment, and collaborates with Marxist France in preventing an European rearmament, Europe has intimated it no longer wants our martial help. This is Burope’s attitude; let Zurope look out for itself, and see how Europe gets along. Since obviously we stand alone, we should have the wisdom and courage to act alone. For our duty is to protect our own people and to foster our own Nation. Vital Service of Grass-Roots Press EXTENSION OF REMARES or HON. SPESSARD L. HOLLAND OF FLORIDA IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, January 15 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, in the December 30 issue of the Publishers’ Auxiliary, there is printed a leicer from President Truman to Mr. George H. Eechtel, editor of the Publishers’ Auxil- jary, relative to the President's attitude toward the weekly and smaller daily newspapers and their value at this time of crisis. In connection with the print- ing of the complete text of that letter from the President, there is also a news article contributed by Mr. Walter A. Shead, Auxiliary Washington corre- spondent. I ask unanimous consent that in the Appendix of the Recorp there may appear the copy of the President’s letter and the copy of the news article relative thereto by Mr. Shead. There being no objection, the letter and article were ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Tue Waits House, Washington, December 22, 1950. Mr. Grorce H. BECHTEL, Editor, the Publishers’ Auxiliary, Frankfort, Ky. Drax Mr. Becuret: Our country today looks to its weekly and small daily newspapers for vital service in a critical period. Worki developments have placed this Na- tion in the position of needing every bit of internal strength it can muster, if It is to survive in the form we know and love. Traditionally, freedom of information has been one of our greatest sources of strength. Because our people have been able to get a full picture of the conditions in which they live—they have been able to act in the man~ ner best calculated to improve their lot, The American press has, since the earliest days of our existence as 8 free Nation, been largely responsible for the development and maintenance of this principle of freedom of information, The men who now edit and publish the hundrede of smaller newspapers throughout the Nation are the direct heirs of our great pioneering editors. It is easen- tial that they carry on the great tradition they have inherited. They can allow no
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD special interest of any sort t encroach on their time-honored freedom to print the news as they see it—and to express their honest opinions as they feel them. ‘We can be sure that, if the American people are given the whole and uncolored truth on every major happening and issue of the day, they will inevitably choose the most intelligent and effective course of ac- ton. The weekly and smaller daily newspapera are in the best possible position to perform this service to the American people. They reach a broad cross-section of the American public. They are close to their readers, with whom they share a wide community of in- terest. Their writers and editors are fre- quently in close personal contact with their readers, All these factors tend to give what they print a high degree of credibility—and therefore to increase the degree of respon- sibility of the papers to their audiences. I fee] certain that in this difficult time the Nation’s weekly and small daily news- papers will meet their responsibilities with all the skill and intelligence they can mus- ter. In so doing, they will immeasurably increase the ability of the Nation to meet the serious problems it faces. Very sincerely yours, Harry 8. TRUMAN. — PRESIDENT CITES VITAL SERVICE OF GRASS-ROOTS Press—Lerrer TO EDITOR OF THE AUXILIARY EXPRESSES FAITH (By Walter A. Shead) WASHINGTON.—President Truman this week advised the weekly and small dally wewspapers of America that our country looks (to them) for vital service in a critical period. In a letter to George H. Bechtel, editor of the Publishers’ Auxiliary, the President de- clared: “The weekly and smaller dally newspapers are in the best possible position to perform this service to the American people. They reach a broad cross-section of the American public. They are close to their readers, with whom they share a wide community spirit, Their writers and editors are frequently in close, personal contact with their readers, All these factors tend to give what they print a high degree of credibility—and there- fore to increase the degree of responsibility of the papers to their audience.” The President was responding to a letter from Mr, Bechtel, which sought the Chief Executive's words of advice and encourage- ment for the nonmetropolitan press. His statement is exclusive with the Auxil- fary. “World developments have placed this Nation in the position of needing every bit of tnternal strength it can muster, if It is to survive in the form we know and love,” the President declared. “Traditionally, freedom of information has been one of our greatest sources of strength,” he observed. ‘Because our people have been able to get a full picture of the conditions in which they live—they have been able to act in the manner best calculated to improve their lot. “The #merican press has, since the earliest days of our existence as a free Nation, been largely responsible for the development and maintenance of this principle of freedom of information,” President Truman continued. “The men who now edit and publish the hundreds of smaller newspapers throughout the Nation are the direct heirs of our great pioneering editors. It is essential that they carry on the great tradition they have in- herited. They can allow no special interest of any sort to encroach on their time- honored freedom to print the nows as they see tt—and to express their honest opinions as they feel them.” Before expressing confidence in the non- metropolitan press, the President declared, “We can be sure that, if the American people are given the whole and uncolored truth on every major happening and issue of the day, they will inevitably choose the most intel- ligent and effective course of action.” The President's confidence in the none metropolitan press was reflected in his con- clusion: “I feel certain that in this difficult time, the Nation’s weekly and small dally newspapers will meet their responsibilities with all the skill and intelligence they can muster, In so doing, they will immeasurably increase the ability of the Nation to meet the serlous problems it faces.” Chapman Unjustly Attacked EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ESTES KEFAUVER OF TENNESSEE IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, January 15 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp, a fine ar- ticle entitled “Chapman Unjustly At- tacked,” which appeared in the Decem- ber 1950 issue of the Tennessee Valley Public Power Association News. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: CHAPMAN UNJUSTLY ATTACKED—BOTH PRIVATE AND PusLic Power ADVOCATES ATTACK Seasoned veteran though he is of many hectic campaigns, Secretary of the Interior Oscar Chapman must have been somewhat chagrined over the barrage and counterbar- rage laid down on him as he teok over the responsibility of the power needs under the Defense Production Act. The promptness with which proponents of private power at- tacked the aims and the ambitions of thetr public power rivals was rather surprising. There had not been time for anything to have actually been done before leading journals, representing the private utilities, began to warn the Secretary that the danger- ous public-power group was going to try to use the national crisis as a means to fur- ther the extension of publicly owned power systems. Hardly had this warning been sent up for Mr. Chapman’s consideration before leading dally papers, who have sponsored and supported public-power movements, became equally vigilant in warning the Secretary that he had put too many private power people on his committee and that he need not expect cooperation from this group. UNITY NEEDED These are but two illustrations that could easily be multiplied several times of the tactics being used by the contending parties. Secretary Chapman would be very justified in being quite disappointed over this attitude on the part of the utility in- dustry, both public and private. The Secre- tary has a perfect right to expect the entire industry to help him accomplish his job of getting sufficient power generation for the defense of the country. It little behooves either the public or private groups to carry on their feud during a time of national crisis. We would like to be distinctly under- A155 stood that what is being said tn this article is Just as much in criticism of the public group as it is of the private group. More important, it is an appeal t> both groups to put first things first and see to it that the power industry meets the needa of our country. BOTH SYSTEMS GROWING Public and private systems have proven in more than one section of the country that they can live side by side and both have & profitable business without the necessity of crushing the other fellow. Most everyone familiar with the electric-utility industry knows where these illustrations are. It is not necessary to be specific in naming these spots. If we did undertake to do ao it would be interpreted as a reflection on the sections that were not named, but we do not belleve there's anyone in the electric industry who will deny this fact. If it can be done in one section of the country it can be done on a wide scale. Bear in mind that private utility profits are greater today than at any time in their history and also that there is more public power in the country than there has ever been before, and that more farms are electrified than have ever been electrified in the history of our country. Does anyone need to say any more on the subject of whether public and private power can get along without an actual bloodletting? Federal Manpower Authority EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. IRVING M. IVES OF NEW YORE IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, January 15 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. IVES. Mr. President, I ask unani- mous consent to have inserted in the Ap- pendix of the Recorp the text of a state- ment issued on December 15, 1950, by the board of regents of the University of the State of New York, and accompany- ing a resolution unanimously adopted by the board, which recommends that there be established forthwith a Federal Man- power Authority to develop a plan for the proper training and utilization during the national emergency of the tremen- dous resources America has in her youth. This statement embodies the specific rec- ommendations of the regents for the co- operation under such authority of all the educational institutions in New York State, all of which are a part of the Uni- versity of the State of New York and under the jurisdiction of the regents. There being no objection, the state- ment was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Tue UNIVERSITY OF THE State or New Yorn, Albany, N. Y., January 1, 1951. ESTABLISHMENT OF FEpeRAL MANPO /ER AUTHORITY RECOMMENDED On December 15, 1950, the board of regents unanimously adopted a resolution that there be established forthwith a Federal Manpower Authority to develop a plan for the proper training and utilization, during the national emergency, of the tremendous resources America has in her youth, and issued the following comprehensive statement embody- ing the specific recommendations of the f { ‘
A156 regents for the cooperation, under such au- thority, of all the educational institutions In New York State, all of which are a part of the University of the State of New York and under the jurisdiction of the regents. The board of regents further directed that ® copy of the resolution and statement be sent by the commissioner of education to the President of the United States, the Secre- tary of Defense, the Governor of the State, the New York Senators and Congressmen, and to every institution affillated with the university. The present challenge to our Liberty and our national security is the most critical in our history. It ts essential that those in a position of trust in the fleld of education assist in the development of plans for the Dest use of the manpower of this country. In recognition of this fact, the regents of the University of the State of New York de- sire to record their beliefs in regard to a basic policy for the efficient utilization of all our available men and women. With the many demands that must be made on the citizens of this country, both for the maintenance of an essential military force and for the operation of our domestic economy, it is urgent that the Federal Gov- ernment designate some agency, directly ree sponsible to the President, to plan a pro- gram for the effective utilization of our total manpower and with the authority to put such a plan into effect. This agency should seek advice from the military, from labor, from industry, from agriculture, from educa~ tion, and from other important groups that make heavy contributions to our national defense and security in order that an over-all program of manpower utilization may be conceived. The planning must be realistic and far reaching and must recognize the im- portant demands of American democracy that are fundamental to military strength. The unity of purpose and the centralization of authority that is envisaged in this state- ment must be achieved at the Washington level at the earliest possible moment. In such a national emergency as we are now facing it is urgent that all our resources be mobilized, including those of education. The educational resources of this country are the finest in the world, and they are at the service of this Nation. The State of New York with its 120 colleges and universities, its technical schools and institutes, and with its tremendous network of public and private elementary and secondary schools is ready to provide all possible assistance in this crucial period. It appears inevitable that this will mean some reorganization of programs and reassignment of staff. The challenge of Communist arms to the democratic nations of the world is such that ‘we must be prepared for any possible aggres- sion. It would appear that the time has come when we as a Nation must request some form of untversal national service from all our young men and women within certain age limits; this would mean a period of basic military training for most of our youth. Any training program that is developed, however, must be conceived with great care lest there be great wastage of our available human re- sources. Moreover, it 1s most important that every step be taken, both for reasons of econ- omy and for efficiency, to make certain that any national training program will make maximum utilization of educational ree sources that are available. During World War II, we learned that ap- proximately 75 percent of the skills required by the Armed Forces were essentially the same as those needed in civilian activities. This fact makes it apparent that even a milf- tary training program should utilize to the full all permanent educational facilities, these facilities being retooled where neces- sary and supplemented only when required by the construction of temporary training facilities. A wise procedure in the use of edu- cational facilities would be essentially the same as that followed so successfully during World War II in our tndustrial war produc- tion program, where existing industries were reorganized and expanded to meet the new needs required by war conditions. It is self- evident that the basic military training iteelf must be provided directly by military au- thorities, but most technical and general education programs can be provided best by organised education. Such matters of policy are emphasized for the purpose of utilizing to the fullest extent all our resources to the end that we may meet satisfactorily an un- paralleled emergency. We believe that the ideal set-up would en- visage the return of young men and women, after a period of basic training, to the edu- cational facilities in the neighborhood of their homes for the supplemental and funda- mental educational programs essential to their training to meet all the necessary and varying needs. In order that the policies enunciated above may be implemented at the earliest possible moment, it is our belief that certain definite steps should be taken now by officials of our educational institutions. Renewed emphasis should be given to all programs that are concerned with physical fitness and the correction of physical defects. Our schools and our colleges and universi- ties have a prime obligation to this country in emphasizing the importance of physical fitness along with academic attainment. Upon every level of educational endeavor there should be renewed efforts to acquaint our youth with our American heritage and to provide a better understanding of the present international situation. To this end the regents have already appointed a com- mittee that will assist the State education department in preparing supplementary ma- terials for use in the schools, and are revis- ing the program for the teaching of American history. Urgent consideration should be given im- mediately by both our secondary schools and by our colleges to the desirability of provid- ing accelerated programs, Acceleration upon the secondary level would make it possible for a very large number of young men to receive at least 1 year of college education before a possible call to military service, by enabling them to complete high school before they reach their seventeenth birthday. Any elevation in the educational level of our youth during this period, with the resulting gain in maturity of Judgment, is important both for the young people involved and for the total welfare of this Nation. The ac- celerated program that is conceived would utilize the usual summer vacations and, in some instances, would make it possible for some young men to take slightly heavier loads during the regular academic sessions. Secondary schools and colleges should take active steps to ascertain what they have to offer to the adult population of the com- munities in which they exist. For exam- ple, laboratory facilities might be utilized for the training of technicians in subprofessional areas, As a further Illustration, World War II revealed critical shortcomings in our pop- ulation in iiteracy, so much so in fact that the Army and the Navy had to provide spectal classes in reading and writing. The existence of such educational deficiencles should be a challenge to our echools. It is hoped that & Nation-wide program will be developed that will recognize the important contribution that our educational institutions can make during these times; in the meantime, each individual institution should be making an inventory of ita facilities in terma of possible services that could be available, including the offering of preinduction training for military service and possible contributions to essen- tlal war industries. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Work of the Tennessee Valley Authority E emanmanmammeeeaad EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ESTES KEFAUVER OF TENNESSEE IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, January 15 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, under leave to extend my remarks, I ask unani- mous consent to have printed in the Ap- pendix of the Recorp an article which appeared in the Chattanooga Times, Chattanooga, Tenn., on December 31, 1950. The report gives us an excellent summary of TVA’s present work and also its potential with regard to adaptability to the defense effort. The article should be encouraging to us all and read with interest, for it shows the part TVA plays in our present way of life. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: Report on TVA—CaPacity oF TVA Too SMALL, suT AGENCY SaYs EXPANSION FOR POWER Propvcrion Ia Movina ar Fast Pace Power capacity of the mighty Tennessee Valley falls far short of defense needs and ezpansion ig proceeding on a fast schedule. Reporting this today, the Tennessee Valley Authority said the building pace aims at in- stalled capacity of 4,000,000 kilowatts in 1953. This compares with 8,000,000 June 30, 1950. Yet last year’s TVA production of electric energy——the heart of the defense effort-—~ was three and a half times that of 10940, when the Nation was on the brink of World War II, TVA said. It reached a total of 17,500,000,000 kilowatt-hours. The agency’s chemical facilities at Muscle Shoals, Ala. stand ready at almost a mo- ment’s notice to produce munitions. Making its seventeenth annual report, TVA said that in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, its power operating revenues were $58,- 800,000, with net operating revenues of $2'7,- 000,000 producing a return of about 7.75 percent on the average deprecinted power investment, During the life of TVA, returns have averaged 4 percent. TVA sold power at wholesale during the war to 95 municipal and 50 cooperative sys- tems, which distributed it to 1,100,000 ulti- mate consumers. By comparison, there were 275,000 con- sumers in the region when TVA was set up in 1938. Now 83 percent of the farms have electricity, where only 3 percent were served in 1933. On the controversial subject of public versus private management efficiency in electric utilities, the report noted: “The publicly owned and locally managed distribution systems in the valley show costs of service averaging somewhat lower than those of the entire electric-utility industry, whether or not the cost of wholesale power is included.” TVA, established as a Federal project for developing the Tennessee River Valley, is completing its eighteenth dam and serves an 80,000 square mile area. The report stressed that State and local agencies concerned with natural resources had greatly increased their activity along with TVA. Per capita income in the valley has in- creased from about 40 percent of the United States average in 1633 to nearly 60 percent at present, TVA said. The TVA reservoir system Jowered two crests of a long flood of last dunvarv.Feh.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ruary on the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, the first by about 2 feet and the sec- ond by more than a foot measured at Cairo, Il., the report said. These reductions helped materially in averting use of the 200 square mile Bird's Point—New Madrid floodway, a rich farm- ing area from which hundreds of residents moved out when engineers considered open. ing the levee, TVA related. No major flood crests occurred in the Ten- nessee Valley, “but regulation averted about $800,000 damage at Chattanooga and lesser damage elsewhere along the Tennessee,” the report said. It estimated that flood damage totaling $45,000,000 had been prevented at Chatta- nooga since Norris Dam began operating in 1936, “equal to more than one-quarter of the total investment flood control” in the TVA system. The Muscle Shoals chemical plants were built for munitions production in World War I, and today produce large amounts of fertili- zers under TVA operation. Ready for fast conversion to munitions production, the plants now have six large electric furnaces which can turn out muni- tions grade elemental phosphorus, compared with only four in 1940, TVA said. Growing New England Industrial Economy EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Monday, January 15 (legislative day of Monday, January 8), 1951 Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the Recorp an arti- cle entitled “Growing New England In- dustrial Economy,” written by Dudley Harmon, executive vice president, the New England Council, and published in the Washington Post of January 9, 1951. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the REcorp, as follows: Growinc New ENGLAND INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY (By Dudley Harmon) We have read with much concern the ar- ticle Is New England Withering? written by Ysabel and Robert Rennie, which ap- peared in the Washington Post and Was reprinted subsequently in the Hartford Courant, and which, in our belief, did injus- tice to our region. Some of the things the Rennies said are true. New England has never had large ma- terial resources such as coal, oil, tron ore, etc. We are off the main line from New York to San Francisco, and the center of population is moving steadily westward as the great open spaces fill up with people and indus- tries. Much New England money has gone into building the West. However, many facts have been left out of the article, which, had they been in- cluded, would, we believe, have changed its conclusions considerably. Federal census and other reports show, for example, that from 1939 to 1047: (a) The number of manufacturing estab- lHshments in New England increased 33.3 percent; from 15,201 to 20,274. (o) The number of production workers in New England increased 24.1 percent; from 947,412 to 1,948,325. (c) The value added by manufacture in New England increased 68.1 percent; from $2,414,268,000 to $6,813,800,000, Our New England population has increased as follows: 1980 -.2222. meee ance nenene 8, 166, 341 1940 (8.3 percent)..--......-.... 8, 487, 000 1950 (10.4 percent) .......-.._.- - 9,314, 453 Our per capita savings, in several cate- gories, substantially exceed the national per capitas: rere cesennennnenesnnannenenenaseasacasussseauete Now United Eneland | States Mutual savings bank deposits at end of 1949. ~ wees - $687 $128 Equities in life msurance 40 332 Government savings bon¢ 4h8 307 Private capital In savings ah asscemlons and cooperative banks. 22.22... wenn nee cence eeeeee 7 82 New England has a very high percentage in proportion to its population of homes owned and lived in by the owners; of telephones, automobiles, refrigerators, radios, and now television sets. These all point to a high standard of living, made possible by the earnings of our people in our industries. The housing census of Apr.l 1950 showed 1,408,797 dwelling units in Massachusetts alone, an increase of 187,545 or 154 percent, over the 1940 count. The generalization about wage rates is too sweeping. Wages are high in some cases and low in others. What really counts is unit product cost, which means wages divided by the number of units produced in the period for which the wages are paid. There is noth~ ing incompatible in high wages and low unit costs, It is what you get for what you pay that counts. That the costs of New England products permit them to compete effectively is shown by the 68.1 percent increase in value added in New England compared with 67.2 percent for the United States as a whole. Hundreds of millions have been spent in New England since VJ-day by our manufac- turers for new machinery, buildings and entire factories, and have been publicly re- ported by American Machinist, Engineering News-Record and the F. W. Dodge Corp. Large expenditures are also planned for the early future by our industries, our utilities, railroads and other agencies. The statement was made by the Rennies that New England’s “natural disadvantages are so severe that the wisest course is for New England's skilled labor force to seek better opportunities elsewhere." If condi- tions were as bad as the article suggests, we think that the skilled labor force in New England would already have left to seek better opportunities elsewhere. In fact, how- ever, there was a large in-migration into New England during the war years, and only part of the wartime gain was lost during the postwar years. New England had a net in- migration of 446,000 persons from 1940 to 1949. It also had a very small gain from 1930 to 1949. For the entire period 1980 to 1949, New England gained 5.5 percent of its 1930 population through in-migration. That percentage was second only to the percentage for the Far West as a record of immigration. The up-and-coming South- eastern area lost 11.6 percent of its 1930 population through out-migration from 1930 to 1949, and the booming Southwest lost 7.5 percent during the same period. Admittedly, these figures relate to a long-time period, and to come extent they have been reversed by the experience of recent years. Nevertheless, it remains true that New England, along with other industrial areas, plus Florida and the A157 Far West, has tended to attract migrants from agricultural and mining regions. Migrants have followed job opportunities, It was also characteristic that the regions which gained through in-migration were those with above-average but relatively de- clining per capita incomes, while the regions which lost through out-migration were those with below-average but relatively increasing per capital incomes, Despite the temporary surplus labor in New England during the recession of 1949 and the small recent out-migration, the region is not overpopulated, on the average, in terms of job opportunities. Surplus labor has already largely dried up and there are at present many shortages within the region, particularly for certain categories of skilled industrial labor. There are a number of recent exampies of manufacturing concerns moving into New England from other States, and the relocations are not just to Con- necticut. Under the circumstances, the Rennies statement would seem completely unjustified. The statement is made that the Federal Government should show the same imagina- tion that it did in wartime, when it en- couraged the shift of millions of workers from labor-surplus to labor-shortage area. The article goes on to state that New England’s high technical skills could be an asset to many new industries in the South and West. On the contrary, we belleve that New Eng- land's high technical skills would be as much or more of an asset in New England, for this area is already highly industrialized and will need all its present workers and more under the impact of defense spending, In connection with the proposed New England steel mill, the Rennies declare that “every steel company which has surveyed the problem says (the New England mill) would be high cost and uneconomic.” This state- ment is completely without foundation. Only one company, Bethlehem, has expressed a dubious view of the economics of the New England project, and Bethlehem’s present share of the region's growing steel market is estimated to be 40 percent. Incidentally, of the net gain of 6,000 manufacturing estab- lishments in New England between 1939 and 1947, over 2,000 were in metal working, ayd two-thirds of the 300,000 gain In manuface turing jobs was in the same fleld. At pres- ent about 40 percent of the region’s manu- facturing employment is in metal working. In its application to the NSRB for a certif- icate of necessity for the New England mill, the New England Steel Development Corp, said: “Detailed and exhaustive studies and negotiations extending over the last 4 years have demonstrated that an integrated steel mill of the type described * * * 18 eco- nomically feasible and would have excellent promise of financial success. * * * Our findings with respect to the feasibility of this mill have been confidentially confirmed by presently operating steel companies.” Finally, a recent study of New England business prospects made by the Federal Re- serve Bank of Boston shows that if present upward trends are maintained New Eng- land's income by 1960 (in terms of 1935~39 dollars) will be 610,000,000,000 a year, as compared with 84,000,000,000 in 1920, and that its labor force will have increased by $2,600 a year to 4,500,000. These facts and many others, mention of which space does not permit, directly con- tradict, in our opinton, the Rennies’ con- tention that “New England’s decline in the national economy has become a matter of public concern.” The mere fact that other sections of the country are growing does not mean that New England is losing ground. We can demonstrate the contrary to the Rennies and anyone else, and will welcome the opportunity to do so.