SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that each additional year in ex-
tended foster care has— 
(1) significantly increased the probability that 
youth completed a high school credential by approxi-
mately 8 percent; 
(2) increased their expected probability of en-
rolling in college by between 10 percent and 11 per-
cent; 
(3) increased the number of quarters that youth 
have been employed between their 18th and 21st 
birthdays; 
(4) increased the amount of money youth have 
had in bank accounts by an average of approxi-
mately $404; 
(5) increased the odds that youth have de-
scribed a professional as a source of social support; 
(6) significantly decreased the amount of money 
youth have received in need-based public food assist-
ance by an average of more than $700; 
(7) decreased the odds of having experienced an 
additional economic hardship between the ages of 17 
and 21 by approximately 12 percent; 
(8) decreased the odds of being homeless or 
couch-surfing between the ages of 17 and 21 by ap-
proximately 28 percent; 
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(9) decreased the odds that youth have become 
pregnant or impregnated a female between the ages 
of 17 and 21 by approximately 28 percent; and 
(10) decreased the odds that youth have been 
arrested between the ages of 17 and 21 by approxi-
mately 41 percent and decreased the odds that 
youth have been convicted of a crime during the 
same period by approximately 40 percent. 
SEC. 3. EXTENDED CHILD WELFARE SUPPORT AND SERV-
ICES FOR YOUTH TRANSITIONING FROM FOS-
TER CARE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 475(8) of the Social Secu-
rity Act (42 U.S.C. 675(8)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘subparagraph (B)’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘subparagraphs (B) and (C)’’; 
(2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(B) At the option of the youth involved, 
the term shall include a youth who is in foster 
care under the responsibility of the State.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) The term shall include a youth— 
‘‘(i)(I) with respect to whom an adop-
tion assistance agreement is in effect 
under section 473 if the youth had at-
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tained 16 years of age before the agree-
ment became effective; or 
‘‘(II) with respect to whom a kinship 
guardianship assistance agreement is in ef-
fect under section 473(d) if the youth had 
attained 16 years of age before the agree-
ment became effective; and 
‘‘(ii) who has not attained 19, 20, or 
21 years of age, as the State may elect. 
‘‘(D) In this paragraph, the term ‘youth’ 
means an individual— 
‘‘(i) who has attained 18 years of age; 
and 
‘‘(ii) who has not attained 21 years of 
age.’’. 
(b) ENFORCEMENT.—Section 474 of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 674) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(h)(1) If the Secretary finds, as a result of a review 
conducted under section 1123A, or otherwise, that a State 
program operated under this part (other than under sec-
tion 477) in a fiscal year has been operated using a defini-
tion of ‘child’ that excludes any youth within the meaning 
of the applicable provisions of section 475(8), then, not-
withstanding subsection (a) of this section and any regula-
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tions promulgated under section 1123A(b)(3), the Sec-
retary shall assess a penalty against the State in an 
amount equal to not less than 1 percent and not more 
than 5 percent of the amount of the total amount other-
wise payable to the State under this part (other than 
under section 477) for the fiscal year involved. 
‘‘(2) The Secretary shall assess penalties under this 
subsection based on the degree of noncompliance. 
‘‘(3)(A) Before imposing a penalty against a State 
under this subsection, the Secretary shall notify the State 
of the noncompliance and afford the State an opportunity 
to correct the noncompliance and prevent future non-
compliance. 
‘‘(B) The Secretary may not impose a penalty against 
a State under this subsection with respect to any non-
compliance covered by a corrective compliance plan agreed 
to by the State and the Secretary if the State corrects 
the noncompliance in accordance with the plan.’’. 
SEC. 4. PROMOTING THE RE-ENTRY OF YOUTH INTO EX-
TENDED FOSTER CARE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 471(a) of the Social Secu-
rity Act (42 U.S.C. 671(a)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(36); 
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(2) by adding ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(37); and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(38) requires the State to— 
‘‘(A) permit any youth who has attained 
18 years of age and meets the requirements of 
section 475(8)(C) to voluntarily re-enter foster 
care; and 
‘‘(B) facilitate the voluntary return of any 
such youth to foster care.’’. 
(b) GUIDANCE AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The 
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall provide 
guidance and technical assistance to States on best prac-
tices for outreach to youth who have left foster care, and 
are otherwise eligible for re-entry into foster care. 
SEC. 
5. 
IMPROVE 
OUTCOMES 
FOR 
TRANSITION-AGED 
YOUTH AND YOUNG ADULTS. 
Section 472(a)(1)(B) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 672(a)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting ‘‘except in 
the case of a youth who has attained 18 years of age and 
meets the requirements of section 475(8)(C),’’ before ‘‘the 
child’’. 
SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by this 
Act shall take effect on the 1st day of the 1st fiscal year 
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beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, and shall apply to payments under part E of title 
IV of the Social Security Act for calendar quarters begin-
ning on or after such date. 
(b) DELAY PERMITTED IF STATE LEGISLATION RE-
QUIRED.—If the Secretary of Health and Human Services 
determines that State legislation (other than legislation 
appropriating funds) is required in order for a State plan 
developed pursuant to part E of title IV of the Social Se-
curity Act to meet the additional requirements imposed 
by the amendments made by this Act, the plan shall not 
be regarded as failing to meet any of the additional re-
quirements before the 1st day of the 1st calendar quarter 
beginning after the first regular session of the State legis-
lature that begins after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. For purposes of the preceding sentence, if the State 
has a 2-year legislative session, each year of the session 
is deemed to be a separate regular session of the State 
legislature. 
Æ 
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