I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4954 
To require the Secretary of Labor to maintain a publicly available list of 
all employers that relocate a call center or contract call center work 
overseas, to make such companies ineligible for Federal grants or guaran-
teed loans, and to require disclosure of the physical location of business 
agents engaging in customer service communications, and for other pur-
poses. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
AUGUST 12, 2025 
Ms. MCDONALD RIVET (for herself and Mr. FITZPATRICK) introduced the fol-
lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce, and in addition to the Committees on Education and Workforce, 
Oversight and Government Reform, and Armed Services, for a period to 
be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consider-
ation of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned 
A BILL 
To require the Secretary of Labor to maintain a publicly 
available list of all employers that relocate a call center 
or contract call center work overseas, to make such com-
panies ineligible for Federal grants or guaranteed loans, 
and to require disclosure of the physical location of busi-
ness agents engaging in customer service communica-
tions, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Keep Call Centers in America Act of 2025’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
TITLE I—CONSEQUENCES FOR RELOCATING OR CONTRACTING 
CALL CENTER WORK OVERSEAS 
Sec. 101. List of call centers relocating or contracting call center work overseas 
and ineligibility for grants or guaranteed loans. 
Sec. 102. Rule of construction related to Federal benefits for workers. 
Sec. 103. Report regarding Federal call center work locations. 
Sec. 104. Requirement that call center work under a Federal contract be per-
formed inside the United States. 
TITLE II—REQUIRED DISCLOSURES IN CUSTOMER SERVICE 
COMMUNICATIONS 
Sec. 201. Required disclosures by business entities engaged in customer service 
communications. 
Sec. 202. Enforcement. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ means a 
Federal or State executive agency or a military de-
partment. 
(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term ‘‘ar-
tificial intelligence’’ means a machine-based system 
that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer 
from the input it receives how to generate outputs 
such as predictions, recommendations, or decisions 
that can influence real or virtual environments. 
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(3) BUSINESS
ENTITY.—The term ‘‘business 
entity’’ means any organization, corporation, trust, 
partnership, sole proprietorship, unincorporated as-
sociation, or venture established to make a profit, in 
whole or in part, by purposefully availing itself of 
the privilege of conducting commerce in the United 
States. 
(4) CALL
CENTER.—The term ‘‘call center’’ 
means an operation in which employees (including 
employees working at one or more facilities or em-
ployees working remotely from the home of the em-
ployee) receive incoming telephone calls, emails, or 
other electronic communication for the purpose of 
providing customer assistance or other service. 
(5) CONSUMER.—The term ‘‘consumer’’ means 
any individual within the territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States who purchases, transacts, or con-
tracts for the purchase or transaction of any goods, 
merchandise, or services, not for resale in the ordi-
nary course of the individual’s trade or business, but 
for the individual’s use or that of a member of the 
individual’s household. 
(6) CONTRACTING CALL CENTER WORK OVER-
SEAS.—The term ‘‘contracting call center work over-
seas’’ means transferring the work of a call center, 
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or of one or more facilities or operating units within 
a call center comprising at least 30 percent of the 
total volume of the call center or operating unit 
when measured against the previous 12-month aver-
age call volume of operations or substantially similar 
operations, through a contract or other agreement to 
another entity who will perform that work outside of 
the United States. 
(7) CUSTOMER
SERVICE
COMMUNICATION.— 
The term ‘‘customer service communication’’ means 
any telecommunication or wire communication be-
tween a consumer and a business entity in further-
ance of commerce. 
(8) EMPLOYER.—The term ‘‘employer’’ means 
any business enterprise that employs in a call cen-
ter— 
(A) 50 or more employees, excluding part- 
time employees; or 
(B) 50 or more employees who in the ag-
gregate work at least 1,500 hours per week (ex-
clusive of hours of overtime). 
(9) PART-TIME EMPLOYEE.—The term ‘‘part- 
time employee’’ means an employee who is employed 
for an average of fewer than 20 hours per week or 
who has been employed for fewer than 6 of the 12 
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months preceding the date on which notice is re-
quired. 
(10) RELOCATING
AND
RELOCATION.—The 
terms ‘‘relocating’’ and ‘‘relocation’’ refer to the clo-
sure of a call center, or the cessation of operations 
of a call center, or one or more facilities or operating 
units within a call center comprising at least 30 per-
cent of the total volume of the call center or oper-
ating unit, when measured against the previous 12- 
month average call volume of operations or substan-
tially similar operations, and the transferring of the 
operations of the call center (or facilities or oper-
ating units) to another location outside of the 
United States. 
(11) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Labor. 
(12) TELECOMMUNICATION.—The term ‘‘tele-
communication’’ means the transmission, between or 
among points specified by the communicator, of in-
formation of the communicator’s choosing, without 
change in the form or content of the information as 
sent and received. 
(13) WIRE COMMUNICATION.—The term ‘‘wire 
communication’’ means the transmission of writing, 
signs, signals, pictures, and sounds of all kinds by 
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aid of wire, cable, or other like connection between 
the points of origin and reception of such trans-
mission, including all instrumentalities, facilities, ap-
paratus, and services (among other things, the re-
ceipt, forwarding, and delivery of communications) 
incidental to such transmission. 
TITLE I—CONSEQUENCES FOR 
RELOCATING 
OR 
CON-
TRACTING 
CALL 
CENTER 
WORK OVERSEAS 
SEC. 101. LIST OF CALL CENTERS RELOCATING OR CON-
TRACTING CALL CENTER WORK OVERSEAS 
AND INELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS OR GUAR-
ANTEED LOANS. 
(a) LIST.— 
(1) NOTICE REQUIREMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not fewer than 120 
days before relocating a call center outside of 
the United States or contracting call center 
work overseas, an employer shall notify the Sec-
retary of such relocation or contracting. 
(B) PENALTY.—A person who violates sub-
paragraph (A) shall be subject to a civil penalty 
not to exceed $10,000 for each day of violation. 
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(2) ESTABLISHMENT
AND
MAINTENANCE
OF 
LIST.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish, maintain, and make available to the 
public a list of all employers who relocate a call 
center or contract call center work overseas, as 
described in paragraph (1)(A). 
(B) TERM.—Each employer included in 
the list required by subparagraph (A) shall re-
main on the list, except as provided in subpara-
graph (C), for a period not to exceed 5 years 
after each instance of relocating a call center or 
contracting call center work overseas. 
(C) REMOVAL.—The Secretary shall re-
move an employer from the list required by sub-
paragraph (A) if the Secretary determines 
that— 
(i)(I) the employer has relocated a call 
center from a location outside of the 
United States to a location in the United 
States; and 
(II) the new call center in the United 
States employs a number of employees 
equal to or greater than the number of em-
ployees who worked at the original call 
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center that was relocated to a location out-
side of the United States; or 
(ii) in the case of an employer who 
contracted call center work overseas, the 
employer demonstrates that the contract or 
agreement has been amended to require 
that all employees performing call center 
work under the contract or agreement will 
be located in the United States. 
(b) INELIGIBILITY FOR GRANTS OR GUARANTEED 
LOANS.— 
(1) INELIGIBILITY.— 
(A) NEW AWARDS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided 
in paragraph (2) and clause (ii) and not-
withstanding any other provision of law, an 
employer that appears on the list required 
by subsection (a)(2)(A) shall be ineligible 
to apply for or receive any direct or indi-
rect Federal grants or Federal guaranteed 
loans for 5 years after the date such em-
ployer was added to the list. 
(ii) EXCEPTION
FOR
UPCOMING
RE-
MOVAL FROM INELIGIBILITY LIST.— 
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(I) IN
GENERAL.—An employer 
that appears on the list required by 
subsection (a)(2)(A) may be eligible to 
apply for and receive a grant or loan 
described in clause (i) if the employer 
certifies to the awarding agency that 
the employer will meet the require-
ments 
described 
in 
subsection 
(a)(2)(C) to be removed by the Sec-
retary from such list not later than 
180 days after the date on which the 
employer receives the grant or loan. 
(II) CANCELLATION
OF
GRANT 
OR LOAN.—With respect to any em-
ployer that makes a certification de-
scribed in subclause (I) and receives 
the applicable grant or loan, the 
awarding agency for such grant or 
loan shall cancel the grant or loan and 
clawback any amount of the grant or 
loan received by such employer if the 
employer fails to meet the require-
ments 
described 
in 
subsection 
(a)(2)(C) not later than 180 days 
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after the date on which the employer 
received the grant or loan. 
(B) EXISTING AWARDS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided 
in paragraph (2) and notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, an employer that 
has received any direct or indirect Federal 
grant or Federal guaranteed loan and, 
after receiving the grant or loan, is added 
to 
the 
list 
required 
by 
subsection 
(a)(2)(A)— 
(I) shall, on a monthly basis dur-
ing the term of the grant for each 
month in which the employer appears 
on such list, pay a penalty to the 
awarding agency of the grant or loan 
equal to 8.3 percent of the total grant 
or loan payment dispersed to the em-
ployer as of the date on which the 
first penalty is required to be paid 
under this clause; and 
(II) shall not be entitled or eligi-
ble to receive any further disburse-
ment of the grant or loan while on 
such list. 
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(ii) CANCELLATION.—An agency that 
has awarded any direct or indirect Federal 
grant or Federal guaranteed loan to an 
employer described in clause (i) shall can-
cel the grant or loan if the employer re-
mains on the list required by subsection 
(a)(2)(A) as of the date that is one year 
after the date on which the employer is 
first required to pay the penalty under 
subclause (I). 
(iii) USE OF PENALTY AMOUNTS.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—Amounts paid 
as a penalty under clause (i)(I) to an 
awarding agency shall be available to 
the awarding agency, without further 
appropriation, for the grant or loan 
program with respect to which the 
penalty is paid. 
(II) PROHIBITION
ON
REDIS-
TRIBUTION
TO
SAME
EMPLOYER.— 
Such amounts shall not be available 
through such program for the same 
grant or loan to the employer that 
paid the penalty amounts. 
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(2) EXCEPTIONS.—The Secretary, in consulta-
tion with the appropriate agency providing a loan or 
grant, may waive the eligibility restriction provided 
under paragraph (1) if the employer applying for 
such loan or grant demonstrates that a lack of such 
loan or grant would— 
(A) threaten national security; 
(B) result in substantial job loss in the 
United States; or 
(C) harm the environment. 
(c) PREFERENCE IN FEDERAL CONTRACTING FOR 
NOT
RELOCATING
OR
CONTRACTING
CALL
CENTER 
WORK OVERSEAS.—The head of an agency, when award-
ing a civilian or defense-related Federal contract, shall 
give preference to a United States employer that does not 
appear on the list required by subsection (a)(2)(A). 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take effect 
on the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
SEC. 102. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION RELATED TO FEDERAL 
BENEFITS FOR WORKERS. 
No provision of this title shall be construed to permit 
withholding or denial of payments, compensation, or bene-
fits under any provision of Federal law (including Federal 
unemployment compensation, disability payments, or 
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worker retraining or readjustment funds) to workers em-
ployed by employers that relocate operations outside the 
United States. 
SEC. 103. REPORT REGARDING FEDERAL CALL CENTER 
WORK LOCATIONS. 
By not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Labor shall prepare and sub-
mit to Congress a report that documents the location, and 
amount, of call center work conducted by or for the Fed-
eral Government, including— 
(1) a determination of the amount of such Fed-
eral call center work that is conducted by Federal 
employees, and the amount conducted by Federal 
contractors; 
(2) all locations at which such Federal call cen-
ter work is being conducted, whether by Federal em-
ployees or through Federal contracts; and 
(3) any job losses associated with the introduc-
tion or use of artificial intelligence for customer 
service for Federal call center work. 
SEC. 104. REQUIREMENT THAT CALL CENTER WORK UNDER 
A FEDERAL CONTRACT BE PERFORMED IN-
SIDE THE UNITED STATES. 
The head of an agency, when awarding a civilian or 
defense-related Federal contract, shall require as a condi-
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tion of the contract that any call center work performed 
in connection with the contract or any subcontract under 
the contract shall be performed inside the United States. 
TITLE 
II—REQUIRED 
DISCLO-
SURES IN CUSTOMER SERV-
ICE COMMUNICATIONS 
SEC. 201. REQUIRED DISCLOSURES BY BUSINESS ENTITIES 
ENGAGED IN CUSTOMER SERVICE COMMU-
NICATIONS. 
(a) REQUIRED DISCLOSURE BY BUSINESS ENTITIES 
ENGAGED IN CUSTOMER SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS OF 
PHYSICAL LOCATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), a business entity that either initiates or 
receives a customer service communication shall re-
quire that, at the beginning of each customer service 
communication so initiated or received, each of its 
employees or agents participating in the communica-
tion disclose— 
(A) their physical location; and 
(B) if their physical location is outside of 
the United States, that the consumer may, as 
provided by subsection (c), request to be imme-
diately transferred to a customer service agent 
who is physically located in the United States. 
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(2) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(A) BUSINESS ENTITIES LOCATED IN THE 
UNITED
STATES.—The requirements of para-
graph (1) shall not apply to a customer service 
communication involving a business entity if all 
of the employees or agents of the business enti-
ty participating in such communication are 
physically located in the United States. 
(B) COMMUNICATION INITIATED BY CON-
SUMER
KNOWINGLY
TO
FOREIGN
ENTITY
OR 
ADDRESS.—The requirements of paragraph (1) 
shall not apply to an employee or agent of a 
business entity participating in a customer serv-
ice communication with a consumer if— 
(i) the customer service communica-
tion was initiated by the consumer; 
(ii) the employee or agent is physically 
located outside the United States; and 
(iii) the consumer knows or reason-
ably should know that the employee or 
agent is physically located outside the 
United States. 
(C) EMERGENCY SERVICES.—The require-
ments of paragraph (1) shall not apply to a 
customer service communication relating to the 
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provision of emergency services (as defined by 
the Federal Trade Commission). 
(D) BUSINESS ENTITIES AND CUSTOMER 
SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS EXCLUDED BY FED-
ERAL TRADE COMMISSION.—The Federal Trade 
Commission may exclude certain classes or 
types of business entities or customer service 
communications from the requirements of para-
graph (1) if the Commission finds exceptionally 
compelling circumstances that justify such ex-
clusion. 
(b) REQUIRED DISCLOSURE BY BUSINESS ENTITIES 
ENGAGED IN CUSTOMER SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS OF 
USE
OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
FOR CUSTOMER 
SERVICE.—A business entity that either initiates or re-
ceives a customer service communication and uses artifi-
cial intelligence for customer service communication shall, 
at the beginning of each customer service communication 
so initiated or received, disclose— 
(1) that a nonhuman, artificial intelligence or 
machine is being used for customer service; and 
(2) that the consumer may, as provided by sub-
section (c), request to be immediately transferred to 
a human operator who is physically located in the 
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United States, including, if possible, by voice com-
mand (such as by saying the word ‘‘agent’’). 
(c) TRANSFER TO U.S.-BASED HUMAN CUSTOMER 
SERVICE CENTER.—A business entity that is subject to 
the requirements of subsection (a) or (b) shall, at the re-
quest of a consumer, immediately transfer the consumer 
to a human customer service agent who is physically lo-
cated in the United States. 
(d) CERTIFICATION
REQUIREMENT.—Each year, 
each business entity that participates in a customer service 
communication shall certify to the Federal Trade Commis-
sion that it has complied or failed to comply with the re-
quirements of subsections (a), (b), and (c). 
(e) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal Trade Com-
mission shall promulgate such regulations as may be nec-
essary to carry out the provisions of this section. 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The requirements of sub-
sections (a), (b), (c), and (d) shall apply with respect to 
customer service communications occurring on or after the 
date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
SEC. 202. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Any failure to comply with the 
provisions of section 201 shall be treated as a violation 
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of a regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal 
Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)) regard-
ing unfair or deceptive acts or practices. 
(b) POWERS OF FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Trade Commis-
sion shall prevent any person from violating section 
201 and any regulation promulgated thereunder, in 
the same manner, by the same means, and with the 
same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all 
applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade 
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incor-
porated into and made a part of this Act. 
(2) PENALTIES.—Any person who violates regu-
lations promulgated under section 201 shall be sub-
ject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges 
and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Com-
mission Act in the same manner, by the same 
means, and with the same jurisdiction, power, and 
duties as though all applicable terms and provisions 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act were incor-
porated into and made part of this Act. 
(c) AUTHORITY PRESERVED.—Nothing in this sec-
tion or section 201 shall be construed to limit the author-
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