I 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2844 
To promote United States emergency and non-emergency food and other 
assistance programs, to promote United States agricultural export pro-
grams, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 25, 2007 
Mr. LANTOS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on Agri-
culture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic-
tion of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To promote United States emergency and non-emergency 
food and other assistance programs, to promote United 
States agricultural export programs, and for other pur-
poses. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Food Security and Agricultural Development Act of 
2007’’. 
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(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this title is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes. 
Sec. 3. Definitions. 
TITLE I—UNITED STATES EMERGENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY 
FOOD AND OTHER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS 
Subtitle A—Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 
Sec. 101. United States policy. 
Sec. 102. General authority. 
Sec. 103. Provision of agricultural commodities. 
Sec. 104. Generation and use of currencies by private voluntary organizations 
and cooperatives. 
Sec. 105. Levels of assistance. 
Sec. 106. Food Aid Consultative Group. 
Sec. 107. Administration. 
Sec. 108. Assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation, delivery, and dis-
tribution of shelf-stable prepackaged foods. 
Sec. 109. Administrative provisions. 
Sec. 110. Expiration date. 
Sec. 111. Authorization of appropriations. 
Sec. 112. Coordination and integration of foreign assistance programs. 
Sec. 113. Micronutrient fortification programs. 
Sec. 114. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program. 
Subtitle B—Related Statutes and Other Provisions 
Sec. 121. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. 
Sec. 122. McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition 
Program. 
Sec. 123. International disaster assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961. 
Sec. 124. Report on efforts to improve procurement planning. 
TITLE II—UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS 
Sec. 201. Export credit guarantee program. 
Sec. 202. Market access program. 
Sec. 203. Export enhancement program. 
Sec. 204. Assistance to address sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to trade. 
Sec. 205. Foreign market development cooperator program. 
Sec. 206. Emerging markets and facility guarantee loan program. 
Sec. 207. Food for Progress Act of 1985. 
TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
Sec. 301. Technical assistance for specialty crops. 
Sec. 302. Support for sanitary and phytosanitary priorities of the United States 
within certain international organizations. 
Sec. 303. Technical assistance for the resolution of trade disputes. 
Sec. 304. Sense of Congress concerning the Global Crop Diversity Trust. 
Sec. 305. Technical and conforming amendments. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) The United Nations Food and Agricultural 
Organization reports, that in 2006, an estimated 
850,000,000 people in the world, with 824,000,000 
in developing countries, were chronically hungry. 
(2) The largest concentrations of the chron-
ically hungry—an estimated 298,000,000 individ-
uals—are in South Asia, with most of those individ-
uals concentrated in India, where there are an esti-
mated 212,000,000 undernourished individuals, and 
in sub-Saharan Africa, where there are an estimated 
206,000,000 hungry people. 
(3) The number of food and humanitarian 
emergencies has doubled from an average of about 
15 per year in the 1980s to more than 30 per year 
since 2000, due in large part to increasing conflicts, 
poverty, and natural disasters around the world. 
Some emergencies are exacerbated by multiple 
shocks, such as civil wars, recurring droughts, and 
endemic disease, adding to their complexity and pro-
tracting the crises for many years. 
(4) The United Nations reports that progress is 
being made toward reaching the Millennium Devel-
opment Goal of reducing the proportion of hungry 
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people in the world by half by 2015. In 1990, the 
proportion of people in the developing countries liv-
ing with insufficient food was estimated to be 20 
percent. By 2003, that percentage declined to 17 
percent. However, from 1996 to 2006, the absolute 
number 
of 
hungry 
people 
increased 
from 
790,000,000 to 850,000,000. 
(5) The number of hungry people in the most 
seriously affected regions of the world, namely South 
Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, is increasing. In sub- 
Saharan Africa, in 1990, there were an estimated 
169,000,000 chronically-hungry people; in 2003, the 
number of chronically-hungry people increased to 
206,000,000. 
(6) The major United States Government re-
sponse to reducing hunger in developing countries is 
to provide United States agricultural commodities as 
food assistance. In fiscal year 2006, the United 
States provided 3,000,000 metric tons of food valued 
at more than $2,000,000,000 to meet emergency 
food needs and to support development projects in 
developing countries. 
(7) In 2006, the United States provided food 
assistance to 65 countries, more than half of which 
were 
in 
sub-Saharan 
Africa. 
Approximately 
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$1,200,000,000 or 60 percent of such assistance was 
provided as emergency food assistance. The United 
States Agency for International Development esti-
mates that 50,000,000 to 70,000,000 people benefit 
from United States food assistance programs annu-
ally. 
(8)(A) Food assistance contributed by the 
United States Government has totaled more than 
$73,000,000,000 since 1946. Over the last decade, 
the United States has been the single largest donor 
of international food assistance, with a large propor-
tion of the assistance provided through the United 
Nations World Food Program and most of that as-
sistance is for emergencies. 
(B) The United States contributed more than 
52,000,000 tons of food assistance between 1996 
and 2005, more than half of the nearly 100,000,000 
tons of food assistance delivered worldwide in this 
period. In 2006, the United States contributed 
$1,125,000,000 or about 40 percent of total donor 
contributions to the World Food Program in that 
year. 
(9) Private voluntary organizations and co-
operatives are critical implementing partners in 
United States food assistance programs. In addition 
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to assisting people whose lives and livelihoods are 
endangered due to crises, such organizations and co-
operatives help communities that suffer from chronic 
hunger, delivering technical assistance and training 
and building local institutional capacity. 
(10)(A) Although the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–171) 
called for increased levels of non-emergency food as-
sistance in order to address chronic hunger needs 
and to have lasting impacts on vulnerable commu-
nities, according to the Government Accountability 
Office, by 2006, non-emergency food assistance pro-
grams were reduced to 42 percent of their 2001 lev-
els. 
(B) Implementing partner organizations report 
that due to these reductions, such organizations 
have been forced to close operations in countries 
that are prone to emergencies and with populations 
that suffer from chronic hunger. As a result of such 
reductions, there is little opportunity to develop new 
programs that address food insecurity in developing 
countries. 
(11) Food assistance experts, advocates, and 
implementers have argued that distributing food 
commodities alone will not reduce food insecurity. 
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Food assistance needs to be combined with other 
non-food resources, such as assistance to promote 
agricultural development, economic growth, and as-
sistance to support education, water, and health pro-
grams, to ensure that food assistance has an impact 
on chronically-hungry people. 
(12) Women play an essential role in promoting 
food security and production throughout the world. 
According to the United Nations Food and Agricul-
tural Organization, rural women are responsible for 
half of the world’s food production and produce be-
tween 60 and 80 percent of the food in most devel-
oping countries. 
(b) PURPOSES.— The purposes of this Act are— 
(1) to promote United States emergency and 
non-emergency food and other assistance programs 
as described in title I of this Act in an efficient and 
effective manner; and 
(2) to promote United States agricultural ex-
port programs as described in title II of this Act in 
an efficient and effective manner. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
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(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri-
tion, and Forestry of the Senate. 
(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Agriculture 
TITLE I—UNITED STATES EMER-
GENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY 
FOOD AND OTHER ASSIST-
ANCE PROGRAMS 
Subtitle A—Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act of 
1954 
SEC. 101. UNITED STATES POLICY. 
Section 2 of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘chronic’’ be-
fore ‘‘world’’. 
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(2) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(3) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(7) respond to emergency needs and food cri-
ses; 
‘‘(8) implement an effective and efficient food 
assistance program that incorporates adequate re-
sources for both emergency and non-emergency food 
assistance programs; and 
‘‘(9) provide adequate resources for non-emer-
gency food assistance programs to address the 
causes of chronic hunger and food insecurity, to pro-
tect the livelihoods and health of vulnerable popu-
lations, and to promote participation in productive 
activities.’’. 
SEC. 102. GENERAL AUTHORITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— Section 201 of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 
1721) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), to read as follows: 
‘‘(1) address famine and food crises and re-
spond to emergency food needs arising from man-
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made disasters, such as policy-based disasters, eco-
nomic shocks, and conflict or civil strife, and natural 
disasters.’’; 
(2) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(3) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) at the end by inserting the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(7) promote participation in educational, train-
ing, and other productive activities.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—Such section is fur-
ther amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘The President’’ and inserting 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—The President’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘Such program’’ and insert the 
following: 
‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—Such program’’. 
SEC. 103. PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES. 
(a) SUPPORT FOR ELIGIBLE ORGANIZATIONS.—Sub-
section (e)(1) of section 202 of the Agricultural Trade De-
velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1722) 
is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)— 
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(A) by striking ‘‘5 percent nor more than 
10 percent’’ and inserting ‘‘10 percent but not 
more than 12.5 percent’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘to assist the organizations 
in’’ and inserting ‘‘to provide such organiza-
tions financial assistance in order to’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (A)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘establishing’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘establish’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(3) in subparagraph (B)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘meeting’’ and inserting 
‘‘meet’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘management, personnel 
and internal transportation and distribution 
costs’’ and inserting ‘‘management, operational, 
technical, personnel and other programming 
costs’’; 
(C) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(C) improve and implement methodologies 
for food assistance programs, including needs 
assessments and monitoring and evaluation.’’. 
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(b) STREAMLINED PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.—Sub-
section (h)(3)(B) of such section is amended by striking 
‘‘Committee on International Relations’’ and inserting 
‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’. 
SEC. 104. GENERATION AND USE OF CURRENCIES BY PRI-
VATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND CO-
OPERATIVES. 
Subsection (b) of section 203 of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 
1723) is amended by striking ‘‘1 or more recipient coun-
tries’’ and inserting ‘‘in 1 or more recipient countries’’. 
SEC. 105. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE. 
Subsection (a) of section 204 of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 
1724) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘2002 
through 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2008 through 2012’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘2002 
through 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2008 through 2012’’; 
and 
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘International 
Relations’’ and inserting ‘‘Foreign Affairs’’. 
SEC. 106. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON INTEGRATED AND EF-
FECTIVE FOOD ASSISTANCE.—Section 205 of the Agricul-
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