119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5214 
AN ACT 
To require mandatory pretrial and post conviction detention 
for crimes of violence and dangerous crimes and require 
mandatory cash bail for certain offenses that pose a 
threat to public safety or order in the District of Colum-
bia, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘District of Columbia 
Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. MANDATORY PRETRIAL AND POST CONVICTION DE-
TENTION FOR CRIME OF VIOLENCE OR DAN-
GEROUS CRIME. 
(a) PRETRIAL DETENTION.—Section 23–1322, Dis-
trict of Columbia Official Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘with an of-
fense’’ and inserting ‘‘with an offense, other than a 
crime of violence or dangerous crime (as such terms 
are defined in section 1331 of this title),’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of this sec-
tion, the judicial officer shall order each person charged 
with a crime of violence or a dangerous crime (as such 
terms are defined in section 1331 of this title) be detained 
for the period before trial.’’. 
(b) POST CONVICTION DETENTION.—Section 23– 
1325, District of Columbia Official Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘unless’’ and 
all that follows through ‘‘section 23–1321’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘unless’’ and 
all that follows through ‘‘section 23–1321’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(e) This provisions of this section shall apply with 
respect to a person convicted of a crime of violence or a 
dangerous crime (as such terms are defined in section 
1331 of this title).’’. 
(c) CHANGES
TO
DEFINITION
OF
DANGEROUS 
CRIME.—Section 23–1331(3), D.C. Official Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ‘‘Burglary 
or attempted burglary’’ and inserting ‘‘Burglary in 
the first degree, attempted burglary in the first de-
gree, or burglary with a dangerous weapon’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (G), by striking ‘‘Robbery 
or attempted robbery’’ and inserting ‘‘Robbery in 
the first degree, attempted robbery in the first de-
gree, or robbery with a dangerous weapon’’. 
(d) CHANGES TO DEFINITION OF CRIME OF VIO-
LENCE.—Section 23–1331(4), D.C. Official Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘burglary’’ and inserting ‘‘bur-
glary in the first degree, attempted burglary in the 
first degree, or burglary with a dangerous weapon’ ’’; 
and
(2) by striking ‘‘robbery’’ and inserting ‘‘rob-
bery in the first degree, attempted robbery in the 
first degree, or robbery with a dangerous weapon’’. 
(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) REMOVAL
OF
CRIME
OF
VIOLENCE
AND 
DANGEROUS CRIME FROM PRETRIAL RELEASE PRO-
CEDURES.—Section 23–1322, District of Columbia 
Official Code, is further amended— 
(A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking sub-
paragraph (A) and redesignating subparagraphs 
(B) through (D) as subparagraphs (A) through 
(C), respectively; 
(B) by amending subsection (c) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(c) Subject to rebuttal by the person, it shall be pre-
sumed that no condition or combination of conditions of 
release will reasonably assure the safety of any other per-
son and the community if the judicial officer finds that 
there is probable cause to believe that the person— 
‘‘(1) has threatened, injured, intimidated, or at-
tempted to threaten, injure, or intimidate a law en-
forcement officer, an officer of the court, or a pro-
spective witness or juror in any criminal investiga-
tion or judicial proceeding;
‘‘(2) violated section 3 of the Act of July 8, 
1932 (sec. 22–4503, D.C. Official Code), section 
4(a) of such Act (sec. 22–4504(a), D.C. Official 
Code), or section 4(a-1) of such Act (sec. 22– 
4504(a)(1), D.C. Official Code); or 
‘‘(3) violated the Firearm Control Regulations 
Act of 1975 (sec. 7–2508.01 et seq., D.C. Official 
Code) while on probation, parole, or supervised re-
lease for committing a dangerous crime or a crime 
of violence (as such terms are defined in section 
1331 of this title) and while armed with or having 
readily available a firearm, imitation firearm, or 
other deadly or dangerous weapon as described in 
section 2(a) of the Act of July 8, 1832 (sec. 22– 
4502(a), D.C. Official Code).’’; 
(C) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ‘‘is a 
crime of’’ and all that follows through ‘‘, or’’; 
and 
(D) by striking subsection (f)(3). 
(2) REMOVAL
OF
MURDER
OFFENSES
FROM 
PRETRIAL
RELEASE
PROCEDURES.—Section 23– 
1325, District of Columbia Official Code, as amend-
ed by subsection (b), is amended by striking sub-
section (a) and redesignating subsections (b)
through (e) as subsections (a) through (d), respec-
tively. 
SEC. 3. REQUIRING CASH BAIL FOR RELEASE OF INDIVID-
UALS CHARGED WITH PUBLIC SAFETY OR 
ORDER OFFENSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 23–1321, District of Co-
lumbia Official Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘Re-
leased’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided 
under paragraph (5), released’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘; or’’ 
and inserting a semicolon; 
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(5) With respect to a person charged with a 
public safety or order crime (as such term is defined 
in section 1331 of this title), released only upon exe-
cution of a secured appearance bond (as such term 
is defined in section 1331 of this title) and subject 
to any requirement under subsections (b) and (c) of 
this section as the judicial officer may order.’’;
(2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘or upon exe-
cution of an unsecured appearance bond in an 
amount specified by the court,’’ and inserting ‘‘upon 
execution of an unsecured appearance bond in an 
amount specified by the court, or upon a secured ap-
pearance bond under subsection (a)(5),’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(f) A person who is released upon the execution of 
an appearance bond with a surety, under subsection 
(a)(5), may be arrested by the surety, and if so arrested, 
shall be delivered promptly to a United States marshal 
and brought before a judicial officer in the District of Co-
lumbia. The judicial officer shall determine in accordance 
with the provisions of this section 23–1322 whether to re-
voke the release of the person, and may absolve the surety 
of responsibility to pay all or part of the bond in accord-
ance with the provisions of Rule 46 of the Federal Rules 
of Criminal Procedure. The person so committed shall be 
held in official detention until released pursuant to this 
title or any other provision of law.’’. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.— 
(1) PUBLIC
SAFETY
OR
ORDER
CRIME
DE-
FINED.—Section 23–1331, District of Columbia Of-
ficial Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(7) The term ‘public safety or order crime’ 
means failure to appear when ordered to do so by 
a judicial officer; obstruction of justice; fleeing from 
a law enforcement officer; rioting; inciting a riot; de-
struction of property; stalking; burglary or robbery 
(other than burglary or robbery in the first degree 
or with a dangerous weapon); or a previous convic-
tion of any such offense, or substantially similar of-
fense, under Federal, State, or local law.’’. 
(2) SECURED APPEARANCE BOND DEFINED.— 
Section 23–1331, District of Columbia Official Code, 
is further amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) The term ‘secured appearance bond’ 
means an agreement to forfeit upon failing to ap-
pear as required, the designated property, including 
money, as is reasonably necessary to assure the ap-
pearance of the person as required, and post with 
the court the indicia of ownership of the property, 
or a percentage of the money as the judicial officer 
may specify; or a bail bond with solvent sureties in 
whatever amount is reasonably necessary to assure 
the appearance of the person as required.’’.
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 23–1321, 
District of Columbia Official Code, is further amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘with an of-
fense’’ and all that follows through ‘‘shall issue’’ and 
inserting ‘‘with an offense, other than a crime of vio-
lence or dangerous crime (as such terms are defined 
in section 1331 of this title), the judicial officer shall 
issue’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘shall’’ and inserting 
‘‘may’’; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘Least restrictive further’’ and inserting 
‘‘Further’’; 
(B) by striking paragraph (3) and redesig-
nating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
(3) and (4), respectively; and 
(C) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, 
by striking ‘‘additional or different conditions’’ 
and inserting ‘‘any additional or different condi-
tion described under this subsection’’. 
SEC. 4. APPLICABILITY. 
This Act, and the amendments made by this Act, 
shall apply with respect to an individual charged with an