I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 151 
To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 4, 2021 
Mr. QUIGLEY (for himself and Mr. UPTON) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 
to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, the Judiciary, Ways and 
Means, Financial Services, and Natural Resources, for a period to be sub-
sequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 
such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To address the public health risks posed by wildlife markets, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Preventing Future 
Pandemics Act of 2021’’. 
SEC. 2. WILDLIFE MARKET DEFINED. 
In this Act, the term ‘‘wildlife market’’— 
(1) means a commercial market that— 
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(A) sells or slaughters terrestrial, including 
avian, wildlife for human consumption as food 
or medicine, whether the animals originated in 
the wild or in a captive environment; and 
(B) delivers a product in communities 
where alternative nutritional or protein sources 
are available; and 
(2) does not include markets in areas where no 
other practical alternative sources of protein or meat 
exists, such as wildlife markets in rural areas on 
which indigenous people rely to feed themselves and 
their families. 
SEC. 3. STUDY ON RISK OF WILDLIFE MARKETS ON THE 
EMERGENCE OF NOVEL VIRAL PATHOGENS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services shall seek to enter into an agreement 
with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine under which the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine agrees to conduct a 
study to evaluate— 
(1) the impact of physical proximity and con-
sumption of terrestrial wildlife as food or medicine 
on the emergence of viral and other microbial patho-
gens; 
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(2) the impact of consumption of terrestrial 
wildlife as food or medicine on the transmission of 
novel viral and other microbial pathogens; 
(3) the role consumption of terrestrial wildlife 
as food or medicine has on the transmission of mi-
crobes from animals to humans; and 
(4) the conditions at live wildlife markets that 
lead to transmission of zoonotic diseases. 
(b) REPORT.—The agreement under subsection (a) 
shall require the National Academies to, not later than 
one year after the date of such agreement, submit a report 
to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pen-
sions of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce of the House of Representatives on the findings 
of the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a). 
SEC. 4. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that global institutions, including the Food and Ag-
riculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and the 
World Health Organization (WHO), together with leading 
nongovernmental organizations, veterinary colleges, and 
the United States Agency for International Development 
(USAID), should promote the paradigm of One Health— 
the integration of human health, animal health, agri-
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culture, ecosystems, and the environment as an effective 
and integrated way to address the complexity of emerging 
disease threats. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to facilitate international cooperation by 
working with international partners and through intergov-
ernmental, international, and nongovernmental organiza-
tions such as the United Nations to— 
(1) lead a resolution at the United Nations Se-
curity Council or General Assembly and World 
Health Assembly outlining the danger to human and 
animal health from emerging zoonotic infectious dis-
eases, with recommendations for implementing the 
worldwide closure of wildlife markets and the ending 
of the associated commercial trade of terrestrial 
wildlife that feed and supply those markets, except 
for in such countries or regions where the consump-
tion of wildlife is necessary for local food security or 
where such actions would significantly disrupt a 
readily available and irreplaceable food supply; 
(2) work with governments through existing 
treaties and the United Nations to develop a new 
protocol or agreement, and amend existing protocols 
or agreements, regarding stopping deforestation and 
other ecosystem destruction, closing commercial 
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wildlife markets for human consumption, and end 
the associated commercial trade of terrestrial wildlife 
that feed and supply those markets while ensuring 
full consideration to the needs and rights of indige-
nous peoples and local communities that are depend-
ent on wildlife for their food security, national sov-
ereignty, and local laws and customs; 
(3) disrupt and ultimately end the commercial 
international trade in terrestrial wildlife associated 
with wildlife markets and eliminate commercial wild-
life markets; 
(4) disrupt and ultimately eliminate wildlife 
trafficking associated with the operation of wildlife 
markets; 
(5) raise awareness on the dangerous potential 
of wildlife markets as a source of zoonotic diseases 
such as the novel coronavirus that causes the disease 
COVID–19 and reduce demand for the consumption 
of wildlife through evidence-based behavior change 
programs while ensuring that existing wildlife habi-
tat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of 
this process; 
(6) encourage and support alternate forms of 
food production, farming, and shifts to domestic 
animal- or plant-source foods instead of terrestrial 
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wildlife where able and appropriate, and reduce con-
sumer demand for terrestrial wildlife through en-
hanced local and national food systems, especially in 
areas where wildlife markets play a significant role 
in meeting subsistence needs while ensuring that ex-
isting wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or de-
stroyed as part of this process; and 
(7) strive to increase hygienic standards imple-
mented in markets around the globe, especially those 
specializing in the sale of products intended for 
human consumption. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.— 
(1) GLOBAL
PROHIBITIONS
AND
ENFORCE-
MENT.—The United States Government, working 
through the United Nations and its components, as 
well as international organization such as Interpol 
and the World Organisation for Animal Health, and 
in furtherance of the policies described in subsection 
(b), shall— 
(A) collaboratively with other member 
states, issue declarations, statements, and com-
muniques urging a global ban on commercial 
wildlife markets and trade for human consump-
tion; and 
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(B) urge increased enforcement of existing 
laws to end wildlife trafficking. 
(2) INTERNATIONAL
COALITIONS.—The Sec-
retary of State shall seek to build international coali-
tions focused on ending commercial wildlife markets 
for human consumption and associated wildlife trade 
which feeds and supplies said markets, with a focus 
on the following efforts: 
(A) Providing assistance and advice to 
other governments in the adoption of legislation 
and regulations to close wildlife markets and 
trade for human consumption. 
(B) Creating economic pressure on wildlife 
markets and their supply chains to prevent 
their operation. 
(C) Providing assistance and guidance to 
other governments to prohibit the import, ex-
port, and domestic trade of live terrestrial wild-
life for the purpose of human consumption. 
(D) Engaging and receiving guidance from 
key stakeholders at the ministerial, local gov-
ernment, and civil society level in countries that 
will be impacted by this Act and where wildlife 
markets and associated wildlife trafficking is 
the predominant source of meat or protein, in 
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order to mitigate the impact of any inter-
national efforts on local customs, conservation 
methods, or cultural norms. 
(3) AUTHORIZATION OF IMPOSITION OF SANC-
TIONS.— 
(A) FINDING AND REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of 
State shall submit a report to the Presi-
dent if the Secretary, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Health and Human Serv-
ices, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency 
for 
International 
Development, 
finds 
that— 
(I) a foreign country— 
(aa) continues to license or 
enable commercial wildlife mar-
kets; or 
(bb) does not enact regula-
tions consistent with subsection 
(b) to ultimately eliminate those 
markets; or 
(II) nationals of a foreign coun-
try, based on credible evidence, are 
trafficking or otherwise moving com-
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mercial quantities of wildlife intended 
for human consumption. 
(ii) MONITORING
AND
INVESTIGA-
TIONS.—In administering this subpara-
graph, the Secretary of State, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, the Secretary of the Inte-
rior, and the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Develop-
ment, shall— 
(I) periodically monitor the ac-
tivities of foreign entities described in 
clause (i); 
(II) promptly investigate any ac-
tivity by foreign entities that, in the 
opinion of the Secretary, may be 
cause for reporting under clause (i); 
and 
(III) promptly conclude, and 
reach a decision with respect to, any 
investigation commenced under sub-
clause (II). 
(iii) TRANSMISSION TO CONGRESS.— 
Not later than 15 days after submitting a 
report to the President under clause (i), 
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Secretary of State shall transmit the re-
port to Congress. 
(B) PENALTIES.—After receiving a report 
under subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to a 
country, the President may impose such eco-
nomic, diplomatic, or other penalties as the 
President considers appropriate with respect to 
that country or nationals of that country, in-
cluding the following: 
(i) PROHIBITION ON IMPORTATION.— 
The President may direct the Secretary of 
the Treasury to prohibit the importation 
into the United States of any articles from 
the country for such period of time as the 
President determines appropriate and to 
the extent that such prohibition is per-
mitted by the World Trade Organization 
(as defined in section 2(8) of the Uruguay 
Round 
Agreements 
Act 
(19 
U.S.C. 
3501(8))) or pursuant to the multilateral 
trade agreements (as defined in section 
2(4) of the Uruguay Round Agreements 
Act (19 U.S.C. 3501(4))). 
(ii) 
EXCLUSION
FROM
UNITED 
STATES.— 
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(I) IN GENERAL.—The President 
may direct the Secretary of State to 
deny a visa to, and the Secretary of 
Homeland Security to exclude from 
the United States, any national of the 
country described in subparagraph 
(A)(i)(II). 
(II) 
EXCEPTION
TO
COMPLY 
WITH
INTERNATIONAL
OBLIGATIONS 
AND FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVI-
TIES.—Subclause (I) shall not apply 
with respect to an individual if admit-
ting or paroling the individual into the 
United States is necessary— 
(aa) to permit the United 
States to comply with the Agree-
ment regarding the Headquarters 
of the United Nations, signed at 
Lake Success June 26, 1947, 
and entered into force November 
21, 1947, between the United 
Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international 
obligations; or 
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(bb) to carry out or assist 
law enforcement activity in the 
United States. 
(iii) BLOCKING
OF
PROPERTY.—The 
President may exercise all of the powers 
granted to the President under the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent nec-
essary to block and prohibit all trans-
actions in property and interests in prop-
erty of any national of the country de-
scribed in subparagraph (A)(II), if such 
property and interests in property are in 
the United States, come within the United 
States, or are or come within the posses-
sion or control of a United States person. 
(iv) PREVENTION
OF
ACCESS
TO 
INTERNATIONAL
PAYMENT
CHANNELS.— 
The President may work with international 
partners to prevent access to the Society 
for Worldwide Interbank Financial Tele-
communications 
(commonly 
known 
as 
‘‘SWIFT’’) network and other payment 
channels by any national of the country de-
scribed in subparagraph (A)(II). 
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(C) NOTIFICATION
TO
CONGRESS.—Not 
later than 60 days after receiving a report 
under subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to a 
country— 
(i) the President shall notify Congress 
of any action taken by the President pur-
suant to the report; and 
(ii) if the President decides not to di-
rect the Secretary of the Treasury to pro-
hibit the importation of terrestrial wildlife 
from the country, or directs the Secretary 
to prohibit the importation of less than all 
fish, wildlife, or related articles of the 
country, the President shall include in the 
notification required by clause (i) a state-
ment of the reasons for that decision. 
(D) 
PERIODIC
REVIEW
AND
TERMI-
NATION.— 
(i) PERIODIC REVIEW.—After submit-
ting a report to the President under sub-
paragraph (A)(i) with respect to a country, 
the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Health and Human Serv-
ices, the Secretary of the Interior, and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency 
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for International Development, shall peri-
odically, but not less frequently than every 
2 years, review the actions of the country 
and nationals of the country to determine 
if the reasons for the finding of the Sec-
retary under that subparagraph still exist. 
(ii) TERMINATION.—Upon making a 
determination under clause (i) that the 
reasons for a finding under subparagraph 
(A)(i) with respect to a country no longer 
exist, the Secretary of State shall publish 
in the Federal Register notice of the deter-
mination and a statement of the facts on 
which the determination is based. 
(d) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 
DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS FUNDING.— 
(A) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—In addition to any other amounts pro-
vided for such purposes, there is authorized to 
be appropriated $300,000,000 for each fiscal 
year from 2021 through 2030 to the United 
States Agency for International Development to 
reduce demand for consumption of wildlife from 
wildlife markets and support shifts to diversi-
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fied alternative sources of food and protein in 
communities that rely upon the consumption of 
wildlife for food security while ensuring that ex-
isting wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or 
destroyed as part of this process. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—The Bureau for Eco-
nomic Growth, Education, and Environment, 
the Bureau for Resilience and Food Security, 
and the Bureau for Global Health of the United 
States Agency for International Development 
shall, in partnership with United States institu-
tions of higher education and nongovernmental 
organizations, co-develop approaches focused on 
safe, sustainable food systems that support and 
incentivize the replacement of terrestrial wildlife 
in diets while ensuring that existing wildlife 
habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as 
part of this process. 
(2) ADDRESSING
THREATS
AND
CAUSES
OF 
ZOONOTIC
DISEASE
OUTBREAKS.—The Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall increase activities in USAID pro-
grams related to biodiversity, wildlife trafficking, 
sustainable landscape, global health, food security, 
and resilience in order to address the threats and 
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causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks, including 
through— 
(A) education; 
(B) capacity building; 
(C) strengthening human health surveil-
lance systems for emergence of zoonotic disease, 
and strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration 
to align risk reduction approaches; 
(D) improved domestic and wild animal 
disease surveillance and control at production 
and market levels; 
(E) development of alternative livelihood 
opportunities where possible; 
(F) conservation of intact ecosystems and 
reduction of fragmentation and conversion of 
natural habitats to prevent the creation of new 
pathways for zoonotic disease transmission; 
(G) minimizing interactions between do-
mestic livestock and wild animals in markets 
and captive production; and 
(H) supporting shifts from wildlife markets 
to diversified, safe, affordable, and accessible 
protein such as domestic animal- and plant- 
source foods through enhanced local and na-
tional food systems while ensuring that existing 
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wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or de-
stroyed as part of this process. 
(3) IMMEDIATE RELIEF FUNDING TO STABILIZE 
PROTECTED
AREAS.—The Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development 
shall administer immediate relief funding to stabilize 
protected areas and conservancies. 
(e) STAFFING REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) OFFICE OF TERRORISM AND FINANCIAL IN-
TELLIGENCE.—The Under Secretary of the Treas-
ury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence is en-
couraged to hire additional investigators to bolster 
capacity for investigations and sanctions focused on 
individuals engaged in the activities described in 
subsection (c)(3)(A). 
(2) UNITED
STATES
AGENCY
FOR
INTER-
NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT.—The Administrator of 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, in collaboration with the United States Fish 
and Wildlife Service, the United States Department 
of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection 
Service, and other Federal entities as appropriate, is 
authorized to hire additional personnel— 
(A) to undertake programs aimed at reduc-
ing the risks of endemic and emerging infec-
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