States of America and the Government of the King-
dom of Saudi Arabia Concerning Cooperation in Nu-
clear Energy and Other Energy Fields. 
(2) This Memorandum of Understanding de-
clared an intent to cooperate in developing ‘‘appro-
priately-sized light water reactors and fuel service 
arrangements for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’’ as 
well as ‘‘civilian nuclear energy training, infrastruc-
ture and human resource development’’. 
(3) Saudi Arabia possesses vast energy re-
sources, including the world’s largest proven reserves 
of oil. 
(4) Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in a na-
tional natural gas distribution pipeline which will 
serve as the backbone of Saudi Arabia’s national 
electricity generation system for decades to come. 
(5) Questions about the need for oil-rich na-
tions in the Middle East to acquire the equipment 
and expertise to generate nuclear power have been 
raised in the past, notably in 2004, when Vice Presi-
dent Dick Cheney said, ‘‘[Iran is] already sitting on 
an awful lot of oil and gas. No one can figure out 
why they need nuclear, as well, to generate energy’’. 
(6) Saudi Arabia possesses even greater petro-
leum resources than does Iran. 
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(7) The development of nuclear energy tech-
nologies by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not 
appear to have a compelling economic rationale, par-
ticularly because Saudi Arabia has additional indige-
nous energy advantages besides petroleum reserves, 
such as an average of more than 300 days of expo-
sure to full sunlight every year, giving it a rich solar 
electricity generation potential. 
(8) The proliferation of nuclear technology in 
the Middle East will increase that region’s insta-
bility, and prevent the establishment of a durable 
and lasting security framework. 
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
Congress— 
(1) affirms the strong and historic ties between 
the Government of the United States of America 
and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Ara-
bia; 
(2) disapproves of the Memorandum of Under-
standing between the Government of the United 
States of America and the Government of the King-
dom of Saudi Arabia Concerning Cooperation in Nu-
clear Energy and Other Energy Fields signed by 
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Minister of 
Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 
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Saud al-Faisal bin Abdulaziz al-Saud on May 16, 
2008, at Riyadh; 
(3) encourages the Government of the United 
States of America and the Government of the King-
dom of Saudi Arabia to enter into full cooperation 
in the development of renewable energy sources in 
Saudi Arabia, including a solar energy program that 
takes advantage of that country’s strong solar en-
ergy potential; and 
(4) reiterates that the United States is com-
mitted to the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons 
and to preventing the acquisition of nuclear weapons 
by the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
SEC. 3. RESTRICTION ON NUCLEAR COOPERATION WITH 
THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. 
(a) RESTRICTION
ON
NUCLEAR
COOPERATION 
AGREEMENT.—Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law or any international agreement, no agreement for co-
operation between the United States of America and the 
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pursuant to section 123 of the 
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) may enter 
into force on or after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(b) RESTRICTION ON EXPORTS OF NUCLEAR MATE-
RIALS, EQUIPMENT, OR TECHNOLOGY.—Notwithstanding 
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any other provision of law, including specifically section 
121 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2151), 
no nuclear materials and equipment or sensitive nuclear 
technology, including items and assistance authorized by 
section 57 b. of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2077(b)) and regu-
lated under part 810 of title 10, Code of Federal Regula-
tions, and nuclear-related items on the Commerce Control 
List maintained under part 774 of title 15, Code of Fed-
eral Regulations, shall be exported or reexported, or trans-
ferred or retransferred, whether directly or indirectly, and 
no Federal agency shall issue any license, approval, or au-
thorization for the export or reexport, or transfer or re-
transfer, whether directly or indirectly, of these items or 
assistance (as defined in this subsection) to the Kingdom 
of Saudi Arabia if the end user is a nuclear production 
or utilization facility, or if the President determines that 
the material, equipment, technology, or item may be di-
verted for use in such a facility. 
Æ 
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