(i) the Cybersecurity and Infrastruc-
ture Security Agency; and 
(ii) the Science and Technology Direc-
torate. 
(2) A discussion of— 
(A) the degree to which customers (includ-
ing consumers, companies, and government 
agencies) consider cybersecurity as a factor 
when considering the purchase of mobile serv-
ice; and 
(B) the commercial availability of tools, 
frameworks, best practices, and other resources 
for enabling such customers to evaluate risk 
and price tradeoffs. 
(3) A discussion of the degree to which pro-
viders of mobile service have implemented cybersecu-
rity best practices and risk assessment frameworks. 
(4) An estimate and discussion of the preva-
lence and efficacy of encryption and authentication 
algorithms and techniques used in each of the fol-
lowing: 
(A) Mobile service. 
(B) Mobile communications equipment or 
services. 
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(C) Commonly used mobile phones and 
other mobile devices. 
(D) Commonly used mobile operating sys-
tems and communications software and applica-
tions. 
(5) Barriers for providers of mobile service to 
adopt more efficacious encryption and authentication 
algorithms and techniques and to prohibit the use of 
older encryption and authentication algorithms and 
techniques with established vulnerabilities in mobile 
service, mobile communications equipment or serv-
ices, and mobile phones and other mobile devices. 
(6) The prevalence, usage, and availability of 
technologies that authenticate legitimate mobile 
service and mobile communications equipment or 
services to which mobile phones and other mobile de-
vices are connected. 
(7) The prevalence, costs, commercial avail-
ability, and usage by adversaries in the United 
States of cell site simulators (often known as inter-
national mobile subscriber identity-catchers) and 
other mobile service surveillance and interception 
technologies. 
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(c) CONSULTATION.—In preparing the report re-
quired by subsection (a), the Assistant Secretary shall, to 
the degree practicable, consult with— 
(1) the Commission; 
(2) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
(3) the intelligence community; 
(4) the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Secu-
rity Agency of the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity; 
(5) the Science and Technology Directorate of 
the Department of Homeland Security; 
(6) academic and independent researchers with 
expertise in privacy, encryption, cybersecurity, and 
network threats; 
(7) participants in multistakeholder standards 
and technical organizations (including the 3rd Gen-
eration Partnership Project and the Internet Engi-
neering Task Force); 
(8) international stakeholders, in coordination 
with the Department of State as appropriate; 
(9) providers of mobile service; 
(10) manufacturers, operators, and providers of 
mobile communications equipment or services and 
mobile phones and other mobile devices; 
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(11) developers of mobile operating systems and 
communications software and applications; and 
(12) other experts that the Assistant Secretary 
considers appropriate. 
(d) SCOPE OF REPORT.—The Assistant Secretary 
shall— 
(1) limit the report required by subsection (a) 
to mobile service networks; 
(2) exclude consideration of 5G protocols and 
networks in the report required by subsection (a); 
(3) limit the assessment required by subsection 
(b)(1) to vulnerabilities that have been shown to 
be— 
(A) exploited in non-laboratory settings; or 
(B) feasibly and practicably exploitable in 
real-world conditions; and 
(4) consider in the report required by sub-
section (a) vulnerabilities that have been effectively 
mitigated by manufacturers of mobile phones and 
other mobile devices. 
(e) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub-
section (a) shall be produced in unclassified form but may 
contain a classified annex. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
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$500,000 for fiscal year 2021. Such amount is authorized 
to remain available through fiscal year 2022. 
(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ADVERSARY.—The term ‘‘adversary’’ in-
cludes— 
(A) any unauthorized hacker or other in-
truder into a mobile service network; and 
(B) any foreign government or foreign 
nongovernment person engaged in a long-term 
pattern or serious instances of conduct signifi-
cantly adverse to the national security of the 
United States or security and safety of United 
States persons. 
(2) ASSISTANT SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Assist-
ant Secretary’’ means the Assistant Secretary of 
Commerce for Communications and Information. 
(3) ENTITY.—The term ‘‘entity’’ means a part-
nership, association, trust, joint venture, corpora-
tion, group, subgroup, or other organization. 
(4) INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY.—The term 
‘‘intelligence community’’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 3 of the National Security Act 
of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). 
(5) MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OR 
SERVICE.—The term ‘‘mobile communications equip-
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ment or service’’ means any equipment or service 
that is essential to the provision of mobile service. 
(6) MOBILE SERVICE.—The term ‘‘mobile serv-
ice’’ means, to the extent provided to United States 
customers, either or both of the following services: 
(A) Commercial mobile service (as defined 
in section 332(d) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 332(d))). 
(B) Commercial mobile data service (as de-
fined in section 6001 of the Middle Class Tax 
Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (47 U.S.C. 
1401)). 
(7) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an in-
dividual or entity. 
(8) 
UNITED
STATES
PERSON.—The 
term 
‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(A) an individual who is a United States 
citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for perma-
nent residence to the United States; 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of 
the United States or any jurisdiction within the 
United States, including a foreign branch of 
such an entity; or 
(C) any person in the United States. 
Æ 
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