APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a less complicated machine, The jet is twice as fast and can respond, therefore, quicker to an emergency call from the ground. The piston plane's range is greater, but it must be remembered that the piston engine is in the final stage of development, whereas the jet is in its infancy. The first jets we had 5 years ago could fly only 800 miles. Today the F-84E standard fighter can travel more than 2,000 miles nonstop. Jet pilots require more training, but they'll live and fight longer. Summing up, the jet is an all-pur- pose plane that can do everything better than a piston, including close support. Above all, it has the first “must’—the ability to help win the air battle. Air power alone does not guarantee Amert- ca’s security, but I believe it best exploits the Nation's greatest asset—our technologi- cal skill, For all our productive genius, we cannot roll bodies off assembly lines to match the massive manpower of Russia and her satellites. We will be outnumbered more hopelessly than ever during the next few years when, due to the low birth rate of the depression-ridden 1930’s, fewer men will be reaching military age than a decade ago. But we can, as in the last war, pro- duce more and better airplanes than the rest of the world combined, and we have a reservoir of Kids with the mechanical facility for flying all the planes we build. I am not alluding to a cheap or a safe war. Both terms are harsh contradictions. The cost of war staggers comprehension, al- thougr, as Henry Morgenthau, Jr., former Secretary of the Treasury, once sajd, “It is a billion times cheaper to win a war than to lose it.” Victory in the air is a long, laborious struggle. It took the United States and England 4 years to gain air superiority over the Nazis, and that was just the open- ing wedge. Death strikes as ruthlessly in the air as on the land or sea. The United States Air Force lost 53,793 men in World War II more than any branch of the service except the Army. Air power holds catastrophe—and the hope of peace. How long the fear of retaliation of strategic bombing will restrain the Rus- sians from plunging the world into chaos is something only the masters of the Krem- lin know. But every day statesmen confer is a reprieve for civilization, sustaining the prayer that all hope will not vanish in atomic dust. Socialism in Governmental Agencies EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. THRUSTON B. MORTON OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, under leave to insert my own remarks, I in- clude a letter from Mr. Louis J. Bosse, managing director of the Associated In- dustries of Kentucky. The letter speaks for itself. I bring it to the attention of all the members of the Apprcpriations Com ‘nittee in the hope that by following the suggestiuns contained therein, we might insure the preservation of Ameri- can institutions and, at the same time, save money: ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES OF KENTUCK™. Louisville, Ky., February 15, 1951. Hon. Txavsron B Morton, House Office Building, Washington, D. C. Dean Mr. Morton: We wish t’ call your attention to a shocking piece of evidence pointing to the trend toward socialism with- in governmental agencies, We have a pamphiet entitled “Common Human Needs” issued by the Bureau of Public Assistance of the Social Security Board of the Federal Security Agency, which was prepared under the direction of Jane M. Hoey, with the suititle “An Interpretation for the Staff in Public Assistance Agencies.” In chapter 4, page 57, there appears this sentence: “Social security and public assistance pro- grams are a basis essential for attainment of the socialized state envisaged in demo- cratic ideology, a way of lite which so far has been realized only in slight measure.” Bearing in mind that the pamphlet was prepared, printed, and circulated at the ex- pense of the American taxpayer, we wish to protest the activities of the Federal Security Agency which promulgates and publishes at the taxpayers expense, such false ideologies, We wish to request that the Appropria- tions Committees of Congress eliminate the spending of taxpayers’ money on booklets which not only disseminate suc un-Ameri- can philosophy to employees of Government, but to the citizens generally. We enlist your aid to prevent further cir- culation of such material from Gove:nment sources, the purpose of which is te indoctri- nate Americans with a philosophy even at this very roment causing world-wide strife. Sincerely yours, Lovis J. Bosse, Managing Director. Lincoln Day Address of Hon. Samuel K. McConnell, Jr., of Pennsylvania EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LOUIS E. GRAHAM OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following speech of Representative Samuet K. McCoNNELL, Jr., Sixteenth District of Pennsylvania, at the Lincoln Day dinner, February 12, 1951, at Fond du Lac, Wis.: High up on the bank of the Potomac River, facing the Washington Monument and be- yond that the dome of the Capitol, stands a building. Beautiful of line and form, sure rounced by well-kept shrubbery, and ma- jestic in every detail, there is a structure of real loveliness for all to see. Within that edifice sits the huge form of a man. He has the rugged face of a pioneer, of one acquaint- ed with poverty and with toil. The face is lined with deep hollows, and over it play shadows of seeming depth. The craggy brow, the dropping eyelids, the tousled hair, and. the melancholy gray eyes, all produce an effect not easily forgotten. Depth of char- acter and emotion, steadfastness, kindliness and patience, all combine to give one the impression of a man in tune with the ages. Abraham Lincoln sits calmly thinking and brooding over the Washington scene. I have watched him under a starry moonlit sky; I have seen him during a storm; and through the dreary atmosphere of a cloudy foggy night. Time and again I have whis- pered, “if you were alive today, what would you say to the average man on the street—to the plain citizen of this Republic? How would you react to our complex baffling prob- lems? Speak Abraham Lincoln, and tell us what is in your heart and mind.” A959 But there is no response; only that quiet, steady, sorrow-etched face gazes back at me, “No, you cannot be with ua physically, but your apirit, and the principles you espoused 80 nobly are with us yet, and they will en- dure throughout all eternity.” We are meeting tonight to honor the memory of Lincoln. To recapture some of the ideals and beliefs which dominated every fiber of his being. To find out, if pos- sible, what could have inspired that humble man with princtples so great and character 80 rugged. and to feel a certain amount of partisan pride in his Republicanism. It has been aptly said that little men fret themselves into obscurity, while a “great soul forgets himself into immortality.” El- bert Hubbard wrote of Abraham Linooln, “Lincoln sought to lose himself among the people. And to the people at length he gave his time, his talents, his love and his life, The memory of his gentleness, his patience, and his firm faith, is the priceless heritage of a united land.” But we are a badly divided Nation today. Even within the family circle there are grave differences of opinion at the present time, The great debate over foreign policies only emphasizes and brings out into the open the divisions which have been smouldering for a long while. The thought of home had united them. Forgotten for the moment was the strife that had divided them. If only someone could say the words or do the deeds which would unify us. I am convinced that only by a rededication to high principles, and the de- velopment of a strong faith, can we hope to stir the hearts and emotions of the peo- ple. The vital need of the free peoples today is just that. Like Lincoln, we are living in troubled times. The world of our day is large, com- plex and involved, Our problems are in- ternational in scope. They are not new, although on a more vast scale. Essentially, they deal with strife and bloodshed, with despair and misery, and with survival itself. We are witnessing the awakened revolution- ary movements of backward suppreseed races, of dictators on the march, and of sharp challenges to the human values of Chris- tian beliefs. These are the critical years which are casting their chadows over a fright- ened globe. At such a time the weak, the timid, and the excessively prudent, are attempting to avoid the hard realities. They naturally shrink from assuming risks, and, teking counsel of their fears they seek a safe har- bor within which to ride out the storm. There is no assurance of safety or security, no matter what our courss may be. Those who seek security may end up losing both security and liberty, Life from its earliest days has been a struggle—a fight against inequalities, poverty, injustice, disease, wan— but man has raoved forward and made prog- ress in spite of terrific odds. The vital necessity and the big question mark today—will freemen everywhere be-~ come inflamed with a deep-abiding love of Nberty; and then, in that spirit, work whole- heartedly to use every resource within their power to offset the destructive forces now on the march? Wil, they, like Lincoln, have faith that right makes might, and in that faith to the end, do their duty as they un- derstand it? A great national debate is in full progress, The air waves and newspapers are filled with the diverse opinions of individuals, They agree on the identity of the major nation opposing us. There is a growing realization that our enemies will do their sly best to weaken and destroy us. And there is over whelming accord that the United States must get prepared. It 1s obvious that we cannot sit idly by and do nothing. It is also crystal clear that
A966 unless America is militarily and sconomical- ly strong end united, the major source of resistance to Russia and her satellites will not be effective. To waste or not use effi- ciently our great potentialities would be senseless and dangerous. Ignore the terms "igolationist,” “Internationalist,” “reaction~ ary,” “radical,” and “liberal,” I get so bored with labels which actually reveal very lit- tle. We don't have to be extremists, nor should we be foolish and neglect the welfare of our families and our country. We need stanch allies who will share, and I mean share, the strains and stresses of re- sistance to aggression, We cannot emulate Atlas and carry the whole world on our own shoulders, no matter how sturdy they may be. Two principal ideas appeal to me with great force. First. Deter aggression by having defense forces so strategically located they would be effective in depriving Soviet Russia of those factors which would help her to wage war. At the same time, try to keep those factors available to us and to our allies, I refer particularly to ofl, rubber, manganese, tin, uranium, the areas of iron and steel produc- tion, and skilled workmen. Middle East oll, the Ruhr, and certain countries in Southeast Asia, become of vital importance when viewed in this light. Second. Assist those allies who show 8 willingness to cooperate, and whose national interests and background assure their con~- tinued opposition to Soviet Russia. In- cluded among our potential allies should be Spain and Nationalist China. In China, and pehind the iron curtain, we should con- stantly enlist the help of anti-Communists, Guerrilla warfare and underground move- ments demonstrated their effectiveness dure ing the last wax. I believe encouragement of such actions when needed would bring amazing results again. Nations have been destroyed from within before being conquered from without. Here at home we must be constantly on guard against the subversive forces which would undermine us. A serious error of the past has bean our failure to understand the aims and ambitions of the small coterie of ruth- Jesa men in control of Russia, and to appraise the real meaning of communism, spelled with & capital “OC.” We were encouraged to be- lieve here in America that communism was a@ forward-looking liberal social movement, led by great idealists with a high code of ethios. That Soviet Russia was eager to follow the read of progress and peace. How wrong the judgment of our leaders was. Several years too late we have finally be- come aware of our terrible mistake. Now we must work with the fervor of a zealot to rid ourselves of the poisons of Communist infiltration in our political, social, and eco- nomic lives. The destiny of a great people is on the scales, and mankind breathlessly awaita the results, War is a ghastly business, and its devase tating results are costly beyond measure, But not ell the casualties are physical, Moral values deteriorate, and freedom takes wings and flies away. In order to fight o war there is of necessity a concentration of power, and only by sacrifice and heroic effort can it be restored again to the people. Now we are concentrating authority in an- ticipation of another world war. I think many of us recognize with uneasiness that our Federal Government, perhaps tor years to come, will exercise a firm control over large areas of our daily lives, After strife has ended will we have the vision and the courage to do what so few nations have been able to do? Will we be able to repe) the selfish drive of ambitious groups and individuals who will try to re- tain in their contral the powers surrendered by the people under the spur of wer ne- cessity? If this Nation is to see again what is s0 often referred to as our American way of life, then the fires of freedom must be kept burn- ing in the hearts and minds of & substantial segment of our people. That will require constant study and a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of our system of government, culture, and economics. A group like this covid do such 6 job in this community, if you would only become interested enough to act. Organise study groups and learn the great truths which have guided mankind through the ages. Life has proven in unmistakable actions that small groups or even 8 single individual can liter- ally accomplish the impossible. Less than 100 persons brought about the Renaissance and Reformation in Europe, and 10 men were mainly responsible for the establishment of the American Republic, A small band of men along the shores of Galilee substantially altered the course of human events. Ignore the weeping and the wailing of the defeat- ists who claim that trends cannot be reversed. American history proves that they are wrong. In 1805 William Lioyd Garrison was born. As he grew to manhood he thought about the existence of human slavery in America, and then announced he would destroy it. People laughed at him, anc sneered at him, and denounced him as a fool. Hadn't slavery existed for thousands of years? The great empires of Egypt, Greece, and Rome had been built on it. Some of the leading men in the United States had praised it. It was an es- tablished institution in America. How ailly far one man to think he could do anything about it. But that did not daunt Garrison. Day in and day out for weeks, and then years, he worked, he taixed, he fought, and finally he began to make some progress. Fifty-eight years after he was born, human slavery was abolished in the United States. Perhaps you are saying to yourself at this point, “I want to help, but what am I to do? How will I proceed from here?” First. Tt is essential that you possess a historical background, Go all the way back to the beginning of civilization. Observe es- pecially the problems of earlier years, You will realize that in spite of modern trim- mings, the fundamental differences are not new. You will see that the main conflict has been between centralized authority and hu- man freedom. The problem arose vary prom- inentiy during the times of the Greeks and the Romans. Four thousand years ago, Abra- ham was attempting to teach his people the need for personal responsibility, and Moses, after leading the Hebrew people out of cap- tivity through the Red Sea, tried to tell them they were free and should govern themselves, He gave them the Ten Commandments, the most individualistic code of conduct known to mankind, but they were not happy when he continued to refuse to be their ruler, They were used to authority, and were fear- ful of the challenges of freedom and hence continued to seek someone who would rule over them. Christ appeared on the earth, and He re« energized the ancient truths. He emphe- sized the need for individual action and personal responsibility. Still the people did not comprehend the full meaning of His teachings, and when He refused to be their king, they crucified him. Shortly thereafter, the centralization of authority in Rome reached its zenith during the reign of Dio- cletian, with the complete regimentation of the lives of the people, Then came the col- lapse of the Roman Empire. The Dark Ages contributed virtually noth- ing to the cause of human freedom. For centuries there were relatively few opportu- nities for the free action of the peoples of this earth, And suddenly, the light of free- dom burst forth with renewed vigor on the North American Continent with the estab- lshment of the American Republic. You APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD are familiar with that most amazing success story. But now, that form of government, like others which preceded it, is threatened from within and from without its borders, Second. Learn the basic facts concerning our American type of government. Our forefathers were essentially religious, and it was natural that the government they eatablished would be effected hy those ideas. They believed that each human being was created by God, and therefore, if a majority of such divinely created individuals, after Tull and free discussion, came to a decision, it must be close to God's will—majority rule. They alzo believed, that each such Divinely created person, was endowed with certain inalienable rights, that no one could justly take away from him. Thus, they tried to make effective the will of the majority, and at the same time protect individual and minority rights. They established a government of laws, and not of men, with a written Constitution, and a Bill of Rights, They provided for gov- ernment by representatives rather than by direct action. Three coordinate branches were set up, with provision for a system of checks and balances. The process for amending the Constitution was purposely made long and difficult. Every move was directed toward cushioning the effect of hasty actions by a temporary majority. Protection against too much centralized authority, by a balancing of power, Was the dominant idea running al) through the Con- stitution, I shall leave it to your own good judgment ‘how much the present trend is away from that idea. Third. Set a good example by maintaining an active interest in your local government, How far should the Federal Government go in the exercise of ita powers in relation- ship to the States and local communities? That same problem of balance between cen- tral power and local action arose a long time ago in Greece and Rome. If we are to retain our American Republic, with its sound balance of power between local and Federal Government, we must con- tinue to retain an active interest in local affairs. We will fight and win our wars in vain, &fnd lose out in the end, unless there are individuals and groups like this who will be ready to carry on in later years to preserve our way of life. The real battle of the future will be for the minds of peopie, here and abroad. All this will not be easy, but that should not deter you. Life itself is not easy. Last Easter, as I watched the people joyously celebrating the glories of the Resurrection, I thought of Good Friday which preceded it— the cross, Before every triumph there is drudgery, there is hard work, and often there are severe disappointments; in other words, there is a cross. While at college, I read a poem which I have never forgotten and I would like to share it with you. “Across the fields of yesterday He sometimes comes to me; A little lad, just back from play The lad I used to be, And yet, he smiles so wistfully Once he has crept within, I wonder ig he hoped to see The man I might have been,” Oh, the Nation this might be. If groups like this throughout the length and breadth of America could be persuaded to throw off their lethargy and indifference and join enthusiastically with others in the noble cause of preserving the American Republic, what a difference it would make. The words of the man whose birthday we are celebrating reverberate through the year—‘We shall nobly save or meanly lose the last, best hope of earth.” The decision is yours,
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Fortresses of the Spirit—Librarles and Defense S enapaeamaeal EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL BROWN OF GEORGIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BROWN of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous consent, I insert in the Recorp an article appearing in the Washington Post of February 22, 1951, entitled ‘‘Fortresses of the Spirit-—Li- braries and Defense” by Malvina Lind- says Forrersses OF THE SPinit (By Malvina Lindsay) LIBRARIES AND DEFENSE Typical of today’s material viewpoint on ctvil defense was a recent suggestion that libraries might function effectively as bomb shelters. Concern with civil defense seems to be directed almost wholly toward saving our hides rather than our minds. Yet a poised approach to action in time of atomic danger might at Jeast prevent our hiding among stacks of books that would embalm us for future archaeologists. The defense housing bill, now pending in both Houses of Congress, provides that in communities, new and old, in which defense workers congregate, educational, recreational, and other community facilities be provided. It is generally understood that library serv- ice would be included. Yet the vital role that the library can ascume in defense ac- tivities, especially in the new, bleak, indus- trial communities where adults as well as children need mental fortresses, is not gen- erally understood. The library’s practical value in helping dis- seminate defense information is admitted. So also is its value in helping workers get retraining for defense dusies. But it has even greater value in the building of morale and informed citizenship so urgently needed in times of national crisis. During the last war a young librarian held her first important job in a Minnesota town of about 20,000 population. Living there were many wives and children of absent serv- icemen. The women knew great anxiety. Many of them also faced the problem of get ting along on very little. The young librarian discovered their prob- lems and organized her library facilities, in- cluding her displays, to meet thelr needs. She s books that would help them, both mentally and in their practical make-it- do activities. She guided older women and men in the study of new skills they needed in order to qualify for jobs. She interested the more anxious ones in hobbies. She made the library a cheerful, helpful refuge for both children and grown-ups. It was the most re- warding experience of her career. If ever there was a time when libraries needed to be fostered, in old as well as new communities, it is now. For aside from their so-called practical services, there are two fields in which they can make greatly needed intangible contributions. One is in promdt- ing mental stability, the other in improving ft itimenship. The dangerous weeks, montis, years ahead call for stockpiles of self<control, confidence, and courage quite as much as for bomb shelters and radar screens. They call for volunteers, not only to spot aircraft but to keep invigorated the spirit of free-thought inquiry, research, mental growth, which is primarily what we are arming to defend. In those: ew communities in which homes are crowded, oft2r uncomfortable, the Hbrary may be at fret a physical refuge. But in SUVil = App.——61 time it will be more. It will be found to offer an escape to the mind and spirit more solid and satisfying than that found on the tele- vision screen or in commercial entertain- ment. Arming of the mind is a part of civil de- fense. But this cannot be done merely by getting out posters saying, “Be calm,” “Be self-confident,” “Be mature.” People have to be helped to arm thelr own minds, and the brary can provide tools for this. Another service the library may be able to render in some communities is that of bringing together people with lke problems to study and talk about the things that are troubling them. At least it can provide the means for many to work their way out of their own confusions by contact through books with great minds of the past and of the present. An increasingly urgent need of today that the Hbrary can help meet is the Nation's lack of informed citizenship. At a time when the most critical decisions in the country's history are being made, the people who must render judgment on these decisions, or even dictate them, are uninformed about and in- different to public affairs to an alarming degree. Lester Markel, editor of the New York Times magazine, recently cited studies to show that only 25 of every 100 voters were reasonably informed about public affairs, that ag late as a month ago, a third of a sample of voters were unable to identify Secretary Acheson. Another danger to intelligent government is off-the-cuff decision by voters who accept misinformation and popular generalimations, The man in the library at least has to use his own mind and judgment in seeking informa- tion, and the use of the library is Iikely to quicken his sest for personal inquiry. A more aggressive salesmanship of library wares is needed everywhere to compete with the thrills of television and theatrics of dema- gogs for dominance of men’s minds, Not Charity, but a Chance EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. NOAH M. MASON of ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MASON. Mr. Speaker, several days ago I enjoyed a visit from George Barr, a citizen of my great State, a fine American, and a great humanitarian. Por 16 years George Barr has conducted in the city of Chicago a successful busi- ness employing almost entirely handi- capped people. The amazing thing bout the undertaking is the labor rec- ord, There has never been the least sign of labor difficulty, and absenteeism among the employees is practically non- existent. The morale of the employees is high, because they love thelr work and have regained confidence in themselves, Several years ago an officer of a certain union in Chicago decided to organize the empioyees of G. Barr & Co. The union organizer called on Mr. Barr and request- ed permission to discuss the matter with his employees or, as Mr. Barr prefers to call them, his coworkers, Permission ‘was readily given. In about an hour the organizer returned to Mr. Barr’s affice and said that he had decided the plant aid not need organizing and although he had talked at some length tu three em- A961 ployees, they simply looked compietely blank and disinterested and would not even discuss the matter with him. Mr. Barr later ascertained that the three em~- ployees to whom the organizer talked were deaf and dumb. The following article entitled “Not Charity, but a Chance,” that appeared in the Reader's Digest January 1946, tells the story of George Barr's humanitartan work with the physically handicapped better than I can, so I include it as a part of my remarks: Not Onakiry, But a CHance (Condensed from the Progressive) (By Willlam F. McDermott) Nine years ago George Barr, a young chem- ist working for a firm in 8t. Paul, lost a leg and then his job. Unable to land another position, he launched out for himself. To- day his medical-supply company in Chicago grosses $5,000,000 annually, and employs 147 men and women—180 of whom have such serious physical handicaps that they once seemed doomed to lives of dependency and idleness. They are paid good wages, plus bonuses. “It's amazing how many jobs can be satia- factorily filled by the crippled,” he told me, “Correctly placed, a handicapped person will do more work than a normal person. A man who uses crutches develops strong arms and shoulders and can feed a heavy machine with greater ease than an ordinary man. A deaf mute can do better work requiring finger dex- terity, while a blind person, used to reading Braille, can do better where sensitivity of touch’ is required.” When you visit G. Barr & Co., George warns you to check your pity at the door. ‘These people don’t need it or want it,” be explaing proudly. And you soon understand that; the place js electric with cheerfulness. At one assembly line are 25 blind men and women. Their fingers fly fast and sure, and as they work they gossip and wisecrack with each other. At another long table are 80 deaf mutes, their faces elight with expres- sion when they “talk.” And here are 16 men @nd women who have lost an arm or a leg; 10 victims of infantile paralysis; some who have lost an eye. They operate machines, work on assembly lines, weigh, measure, pack and ship products, and do office work, fully as well as and often better than the average nonhandicapped employee. The plant reflects the buoyant personality of its 82-year-old preaident. George Barr was graduated with honors from the Uni- versity of Wisconsin in 1983. Three months after he got his first job he lost his leg in an automobile accident. With an artificial leg, he learned to walk without s limp; today he goes about his job like a whirlwind. Barr couldu’t find work because of his handicap, yet he refused to be doomed to pencil peddling. He developed a new for- mula for a hair-wave set, made it at night, and sold tt in daytime to beauty shops and drug stores. A deaf mute, Mitchell Schikovitz, was given a job. As sales increased, George and Mitchell needed another helper. Mitchell knew a jobless deaf-mute girl, and she was hired to label bottles. She still works for the company—and is now Mitchell’s wife. At the end of 4 years the concern was manufacturing a number of drugs and cos- metics and had 18 employees, all deaf mutes. ‘Then, one day, while George was operating the labeling machine he realized that a man needed only one leg to press the pedal. 8o he promptly hired a one-legged men, and trom that time on he has hired handicapped persons. At the Barr & Co. switehboara ts an alert, smiling girl who apparently has no handicap. Then in the corner you notice a pair of
A962 erutches. A legless man operates a tube- Billing machine. A 35-year-old factory worker who lost his sight 3 years ago now earns more than when he could see, A 32-year-old woman, born blind, started to work 3 months ago; it’s her first Job and she’s as happy as a child with a new toy. When employees know of crippled people unable to find work, Barr says, “Bring ’em in,” and he does his best to provide jobs. Barr finds it easy to maintain high morale in his factory because handicapped workers gecure confidence and gratification through being gainfully employed. Moreover, being among their own kind gives them a feeling of normalcy which 1s lacking when they are among fully active people, For that reason, Barr recommends to other industrialists that handicapped persons of like affilction be given the same type of work, and that they be grouped together. The labor turnover ts less than 1 percent, Absenteeism is only one half of 1 percent. Employees are on the job “on time, all the time.” The plant’s safety record is excel- lent, for the crippled have learned to be careful. Much of the plant’s present production ts devoted to war medical supplies, but civilian business on its 35 items has doubled in the last 2 years. “There are plenty of opportunities for peacetime industry to give every handt- capped person a self-supporting job,” Barr said. “They will earn their pay. Moreover, if the handicapped have to live in idleness they're a burden to relatives or to the State. Our little factory has taken 30 blind people off pensions, saving the State of Tllinois more than $10,000 @ year. Multiply that a few thousand times and you really have something.” When the company won the coveted Army-Navy E award, the ceremony was unique. The presentation was made by an Army private on crutches, who had lost his leg at Anzio. Two deaf mutes, a blind boy, and @ girl who had lost an arm received the award on behalf of the company. The blind lad made the speech of acceptance, which was translated into sign language for the benefit of the deaf mutes. Barr's employees believe that their experi- ence points the way to self-support and hap- pineas for thousands of maimed war veter- ans. They insist that, if industry will give the handicapped not charity but a chance, they'll prove their usefulness. It looks as if George Barr end his employees had already proved their case, A Report to the American Library Asso- ciation Council EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. THRUSTON B. MORTON OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, this year marks the seventy-fifth anniver- sary of the American Library Associa- tion. The president of the Council of the American Librar) Association is Mr, C. R. Graham, of Louisville, Ky. As di- rector of the Louisville Free Public Li- brary, Mr. Graham has made an out- standing record of achievement. To my knowledge, this is the only free public library which owns and operates its own radio station. This station is used for cultural and educational purposes and has been of great service to the people of the Louisville area. I take this opportu-~ nity to insert President Graham’s report to the American Library Association Council which was unanimously ac- cepted by that council. I recommend it to my colleagues as a clear-cut and posi- tive statement of aims and purposes. In this day of defense mobilization, it is also well to remember spiritual and cul- tural mobilization. A Report To THs AMERICAN LIBRARY AssOCIATION CoUNCIL (By C. R. Graham, president) (Accepted unanimously by council) In its 75 crowded years the American Li- brary Association has faced many crises— internally and in the areas of its service to the profession and the Nation. It has always responded with vigor and imagina- tion and I feel sure it will continue to do so, ‘We now face a new national emergency—or, more accurately, a continuation of the crisis which many of us have witnessed throughout our lives. Through long familiarity with this crisis we are more aware of its nature than ever before and better prepared for It. We also face the danger of underestimating it from sheer frustration and weariness. This we must not do. My single message to the American Library Association Coun- cil is a call to service—I count on you to respond, as always, energetically and whole- heartedly. Only 10 years ago at an American Library Association midwinter meeting, one of my distinguished predecessors in office reported the official declaration of a national emer- gency, the appropriation of billions of dollars for defense and the inauguration of selective service. On that occasion the American Library Association dedicated itself to na- tional and world-wide service and libraries everywhere responded with expanded and redirected activities. We now face many of the same problems, some of them more acute than ever because of the more explo- sive weapons—and ideas—which we have and which we face from our antagonists. Once again the first duties of every American library are to assist in the national defense and to help build a peaceful world. The American Library Association has not been inactive as the emergency has de- veloped. We have strengthened our Wash- ington office and redirected many of our own activities toward the demands of the emergency. We have worked closely on de- fense projects with other agencies such as the American Council on Education, the National Conference on Mobilization of Edu- cation, the American Book Publishers Coun. cil, and with the United States Office of Edu- cation which has been designated by the National Security Resources Board as the focal Government agency on matters relat- ing to education. We have strengthened our Committee on Intellectual Freedom which helps to guard the chief target of our enemies—the free American mind. Now we are calling on all libraries and friends of libraries to mobilize. We face many problems: Centralization of population in the so-called ‘war-im- pacted areas”; decentralization of population in the case of imminent attack; shortage of materials even for matters as essential to our future world as education; danger to our research resources-——the physical embodi- ment of our heritage; shortage of staff as manpower demands increase; attacks on our integrity and on the controversial materials in our collections—physical evidence of the very freedom for which we stand ready to fight; and we face a world not yet ready to support the constructive weapons of the mind as fully as it recognizes it must sup- port the destructive weapons for our physical defense. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Nevertheless, we also have tremendous ad- vantages and opportunities: The chance to strike at the very root of the crisis and supply information and understanding—for defense and for future peace alike; the knowledge of community needs and the con- fidence of our various kinds of communi- ties; the necessary technical materials to aid vocational training, civilian defense, and the other tangible programs on which our country 18 now embarked; and a front-line role in the conflict of ideas. We have en- during and penetrating weapons and we stand ready to use them with energy stem- ming from the special knowledge which our training and experience give us, I ask you, therefore, to adopt, as a pledge, the following resolution on libraries and the national emergency: “The peace and security of the world being threatened by despotism and aggression, the Mbrarians and friends of libraries of the United States, speaking through the Ameri- can Library Association, pledge themselves— “1, To strengthen and extend the services of their libraries to meet the needs of na- tional defense and world security. “2. To conserve their resources for the na- tional welfare. “3. To sacrifice, economize, and improvise wherever possible and necessary. ‘4, To meet the increasing need for in- formation, knowledge, and education on which the future world depends for peace and prosperity. “8. To preserve the open market of ideas which lbraries represent as a symbol and guarantee of freedom. “6. To lift the morale of a mobilized world through provision of the greatest recorded thoughts of men of all the ages. “1, To cooperate with all agencies seeking to establish a world of decency, security, and human dignity.” Let us realize anew the power which we librarians hold and its basic role in the pres- ent world conflict. Our weapons—free ideas, freely expressed—are the strongest weapons and, therefore, are not only the first but the ultimate target of our enemies. Let us cast off modesty, timidity, and fear and wield these weapons with full confidence in victory. Oil Industry Is Threatened EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. LEON H. GAVIN OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following editorial from the on ty (Pa.) Derrick of February 8, Om Inpvusray Is THREATENED The misfits of the Truman administration gre on the prowl again. At a time when industry is going all out to provide the stepped-up production re- quired for the rearmament program, one of the businesses most vital to the Nation's welfare and security must take time off to fight for its very existence against an asi- nine administration proposal. The industry is oil. The proposal is that made to Congress by Treasury Secretary Snyder for substantially reducing the rate in the depletion allowance clause of the rev- enue act. This clause recognizes the tre- mendous risks involved in the search for new oll reserves and permits s special tax ad- justment to return to producers a portion of
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the capital invested in this continuing ex- ploratory work. The attack upon the depletion allowance, whica also is permitted the gas and min- eral industries, 1s not new. It is one of the pet objectives in the Truman administra- tion's continued harassment of business, but a wise and intelligent Congress has stymied repeated efforts to eliminate or seriously curtail the allowance and thus prevent the welfare staters from strangling the petro- leum industry. Any substantial downward revision of the depletion allowance could wreck the inde- pendent otl-producing business in the United States. It woula prevent producers from getting back capital invested which is nec~ exsary if they are to continue in business, It would reduce exploratory work and the finding of new oil reserves so essential to maintain the production necessary to meet security demands. It would make us, within a few years, dependent on foreign oil which might be cut off in case of war. No other industry is as hazardous as that of producing ofl. Last year, 82 percent of all wildcat, or exploratory wells drilled in the United States were dry. Only 15 per- cent found ofl and 8 percent found gas, Even in areas where oll already has been found, drilling still is a big gamble. Of all such wells drilled in the Nation last year, more than 28 percent were dry. As early as 1916, Congress realized the hazardous situation of the of] industry and the necessity, if exploratory work were to continue, of returning to. producers, tax free, capital invested in finding and producing oil, Capital is not taxed. Only income is tax~- able. In that year, the cost depletion method of returning capital to producers was enacted and it was supplanted in i918 by a recovery depletion method. Both involved endless engineering and accounting work, however, go an exhaustive survey was instituted by the Government for the years from 1918 to 1925 to determine a falr and simple deple- tion law. That survey, which formed the basis for the present law enacted in 1026, showed that the annual average depletion of capital invested in finding oll and pro- ducing 1t was between 82 and 83 percent af the gross income of producers. The present de; letion law, which has stood the test of time and provsd tts necess.ty in expanding the Nation's oi] reserves, per- mits the owner of an oll or gas well to deduct from taxes 2714 percent of the gross income of his property up to a limit of half the net income from that property. This figure actually is between 5 and 6 percent lower than the Government survey on which the law was based showed what the depletion allowance for the industry as a whole should be. Running true to form, administration of- fictals in calling for a reduction of the de- plet’on allowance from 27% to 15 percent, do not reveal the true facts, either through mis- information or in a deliberate attempt to falsity the issue. They merely contend that the allowance is deducted year after year, even after the full original investment has been recovered. But they fail to potnt out that when oil or gas‘is produced from a property, there is a reduction in the capital represented by that oll or gas in place. Nor do they cite that each individual producing property, or lease, is co-sidered separately in figuring the de- pletion allowance. Some producere may drill 20 wells before finding ofl, Thus, their cap!- tal investment is far greater than the capital invested in that twenty-first well. While the depletion allowance for one producing prop- erty may, over a period of years, total more than the investment in that one propery, it still falls far short tn most instances of re- turning to the producer the capital he has invested in various properties in search of production. This was clearly shown by the Government’s own survey which found this loas of capital amounted to between 32 and 83 percent. It is generally recognized that the deple- tion allowance is the tnoentive that has kept the Nation's reserves abreast of the steadily growing demands for oii and oil products, Without it the search for new fields would be seriously curtailed. For ollmen simply can- not afford to gamble away thelr capital. Oll is vital to the welfare of this Nation, Any attempt to stymile the industry, such as by curtailment of the depletion allowance, can be disastrous. Congress should turn a deaf ear to the socialistic schemers and leave undisturbed a proven plan that oiled the way to victory in World Wars I and II and will i te the future petroleum needs of the ation. Brotherhood Week EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. AUGUSTINE B. KELLEY OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, under permission to extend my remarks, I am including an address that I delivered on January 20 at the Depart- ment of Interior observance of Brother- hood Week. The spirit of brotherhood should not be confined to 1 week of the year but should be practiced by every- one, day in and day out, for the 52 weeks of the year. If the success of this meeting today 1s re- flected by the sincerity of this audience and— in fact—of the full sponsorship of Brother- hood Week, then we can indeed .ook for- ward with confidence to the resulte of this program. In the first place, the very fact that we are convening in the Department of the Interior auditorium is in itself symbolic of the objective for which we plead, fur who has been a more outstanding practitioner of our cause than Secretary of Interior Oscar Chapman? It is also most encouraging that members of this audience, and those elsewhere who are enthusiastically observing Brotherhood Week, have subordinated all other interests in order that you might demonstrate your determination to dissolve intolerance in this land and in other nations of the globe. These extraordinary steps to promote and preserve human dignity should not be neces- sary, of course. It is not at all compll- mentary to the prevatiing moral state that such ateps are necessary. Tolerance is an element of charity, and—unfortunately— charity is the least practiced of all virtues. Whether the contemporary disdain for this virtue ig more dominant than in the past is problematical, inasmuch as the history of civilization records a ion of indi- viduals, groups, and even nations that—by their very intolerant behavior—brought strife and suffering to the world, But we do know that, within our own range of memory, there has been little progress in the right @irec- tion. Whether such a situation can long en- dure is doubtful, because I question whether civilization can survive under continued de- fiance of the laws of Dtvine Providence. Certainly this in which we are par- tictpating today will go far toward tmprov- ing these conditions, but we will all have to. make the intent of this project « 52-week proposition, and we will all have to impress ‘upon succeeding generations that there is no A963 work on this earth more important than that of cultivating the love and forbearance of all men, | of their faith, color, race, or nationality, . The basia of all charity, and, therefore, of all tolerance, is religtous teachings. We have been paying entirely too little attention to the Lord’s commandment—love thy neighbor as thyself for the love of God. We have de- parted so far from this precept that we have permitted intolerance to rage throughout the world. One of the most notorious examples of ine dividual, then group, then nationalistic de- velopment of intolerance, was in Nazi Ger- many. It was like the crime of arson where the fire was to spread far and wide and blacken the hearts of millions. It pene- trated every phase of German society, I re- member so well in the summer of 1936 when one of our own boys from western Pennsyl- vania was made the target of a most disgust- ing display of intolerance—discrimination in the sporta arena, John Woodruff, 8 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh and one of the greatest middle-distance runners of all time, won the 800-meter race at the Berlin Olympic Games in a spectacular run that QGeserved the acclaim of every sports en- thusiast in the world. But, like Jease Owens, who won three events in those games, Johnny Woodruff was a colored boy, and the Nazi leaders attempted to belittle their triumphs, Naturally, the effort backfired, and Woodruff and Owens became international heroes; but the revolting exhibition on the part of the German warlords provided an unerring in- sight into events that were sure to follow in any nation where intolerance is a governing principle. Now, 15 years later, we find ourselves faced with another common enemy and disciple of the evil of intolerance. Communism has no place for the rights and the dignity of the individual. It must carry out an in- sidious campaign against the virtue of char- ity and other teachings of God. It, there- fore, behooves us to unify our own peoples to a greater extent than ever before because only through such untson—through the rece ognition and practice of true brotherhood— can we cope with that dangerous and veno- mous state of intolerance that has enveloped and made captive many millions of human beings to our east and to our west. Our recognition of brotherhood week and our willingness to expand and encourage the virtue it represents will give us the strength and the courage to carry on against all op- pressors, But we must, in keeping with divine preceptse—and, in reality, for our own welfare—never relax in forwarding the prin- ciples of this program. We are approaching the anniversary of the birth of the father of this country, George Washington, who laid down the sound pre- cept: “Give bigotry no sanction.” RE Military Housing in Alaska EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. E. L. BARTLETT DELEGATE YROM ALASKA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Speaker, under Jeave to extend my remarks, I desire to bring to the attention of the Congress the first of a series of articles written by Mr. Andrew Tully, of the Scripps- Howard Newspaper Alliance, now ap- pearing in those papers. Mr. Tully is at this time in Alaska and his writings
A964 are particularly timely: they coincide with and substantiate with reference to inadequate military housing the findings of the Preparedness Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services of the United States Senate in a report released by that committee late last week. (By Andrew Tully) ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, February 21.—If offi- elal Washington can spare the time from it. cocktatl parties, it ought to be ashamed of the way the wives and children of Amert- can servicemen are living in this near- Arctic community. For security reasons, exact numbers of people involved can’t be used, But at least several hundred servicemen and their fam- ilies—mostly enlisted men--are living in one-room shacks without plumbing. In many cases, families with three or four chil- dren are crowded into these hovels. And they pay rents from $85 to 8100 a month plus an average of $50 a month for heat. Come visit in the home of Staff Sgt. Eu- gene Grueschow in an outlying section of Anchorage known as Mountain View. It’s a pretty warm day, only & above zero, compared with temperatures of 20 below a month ago. In an unpainted shack covered with tar- paper lives Sergeant Grueschow, his wife, and three children. The shack is one room, about 15 by 15. Mrs. Grueschow is sit. ting on the couch chatting with a neigh- bor. Against one wall there's a two-tiered Army-type bunk hed. Robert, age 3, is sleeping on the lower bunk. Katherine, 2, a towhead, has just waked up in the upper berth against another wall. There's a bassinet in which Paul, 3 weeks old, cries fretfully. A curtain in the corner conceals the family’s single closet. There is a counter with closets above the chest. There are also drawers, a cupboard, a chest, and & combination desk-table, Heat is fure nished by an oil cooking range. Being a staff sergeant, Gene Grueschow has been able to buy on terms a small, 4-cuble-foot electric refrigerator. There is no tollet. There is no wash basin, There is no sink for drinking water. The Grues- chows have to walk up the street to a come munity pump used by thirty-odd other families. Water fiows freely from the pump except when the pump freezes. Then Gene Grueschow has to go 3 miles for water, To go to the toilet, the Grueschows have to walk 60 or 60 yards to a community utility room. This is poorly heated if at all. The shack has space on one side for men and on the other for women. There are also showers which often have hot water and tubs for doing the family laundry. The Grueschows are lucky because they are buying their shack. They've made the down payment and now are paying only $60 @ month on the mortgage. Of course, they still have to shell out $50 or so a month for heat. And, since they're buying, they’re also charged 865 a nonth for electricity, $5 a month for ground rent until they buy the lot for the shack, and 85 a month for use of the utility room. Their outlay comes to only $75 a month instead of the 685 most tenants pay. That's not counting the money for heat. Yes, the Grueschows are lucky, They're not like the family over on Lane Street, sev- eral blocks away, who don’t even have a pump. The corporal who is head of this family of four—the kids are 2 and 3~—-doesn't want any trouble with anybody so he asked to stay anonymous. You might call him Daniel Boone considering the way he and his family live. Anyway, all the water used by this family is carried by the corporal in big pickle jugs from Elmendorf Air Base, a couple of miles away, When he can hitch rides that's fine, When he can't—well, his legs are still young and strong. Of course, the corporal and his family share thefr privy with only three other families and it rarely gets colder than 10 below or so in the little structure except around midnight. Then there's the family of Corp. Willlam H. Epperson—a wife and two children, aged 4 and 8. Like other families existing in these subhuman accommodations; they rented their shack furnished. But when they moved in they found no dishes except a few chipped cups and saucers and no pots and pans. There’s one bed, a couple of chairs and a chest. Corporal Epperson bought a cot, Now the kids have a place to sleep. Surprisingly, most of the tenants of Moun+ tain View and similar spots around Anchor- age are fairly cheerful. At least the family’s together, they say, and that’s something. Only sometimes the smell kind of gets you, You know how itt ts. Phony Communist Peace Groups EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. SAMUEL W. YORTY OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. YORTY. Mr. Speaker, on Febru- ary 12, 1951, I called the attention of my colleagues in the House to the sudden blossoming out of phony peace organ- izations obviously founded for the pur- pose of disseminating Communist propa- ganda. The Communists are deter- mined to take advantage of the concern of our people over the proposed drafting of young men for military service. At that time I suggested that the great American press expose the phony peace groups and their activities, for the protection of patriotic citizens who might otherwise be misled into signing petitions circulated by the Communists, The press of my home city has already responded to the need for publicity con- cerning the Communist peace organiza. tions and I should like my colleagues to have the opportunity to read four ex- cellent articles, one a column by Dora H. Moore which appeared in the Los Angeles Sentinel February 15, 1951; a news story by Ernest Brashear which appeared in the Los Angeles Daily News; a news re- port which appeared in the Los Angeles Daily News a few days after Mr. Brashear’s story; and an excerpt from the February 19 column of the famous Los Angeles Daily News columnist, Mr. Matt Weinstock. I hope newspapers fin other cities will join with our Los Angeles papers in exposing the current Commu- nist tactics. The articles follow: {From the Los Angeles Sentinel of February 15, 1961} Tus Way, Fouxs (By Dora H. Moore) I would like to reemphasize and elaborate on a warning recently issued by Fourteenth District Congressman Sam Yorry who claims “sneaking Communist traitors are setting up fake peace councils to prey on parents of 18-year-olds who may be taken into mili- tary service under the proposed new draft.” He cited petitions being circulated by an organization called the Southern California APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Peace Council, the petitions are headed, “I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier” and are followed by what Yorty called the “usual Communist propaganda.” Yorry sald he has asked the FBI to lock into the organization and hopes the Attorney General will place such phony peace councils on his list of sub- versive organizations. During the past months the east-side com- munity has been deluged with petitions of every description, some honest proposals, but unfortunately too many shady (particularly Red shaded) petitions are circulating in this area. I would like to warn oitizens in this area against indiscriminately signing their names to these petitions until they have caretully evaluated them. Ask where they originate, who backs the organization, and be generally discreet in signing papers car- ried by complete strangers, It’s just this serious. If you sign a peti- tion sponsored by a Communist-front or other subversive organization, you imme- diately leave yourself wide open for a con- tinuous appeal for sympathy for the publicly undesirable cause. The first thing you know, Government agencies will be making an em- barrassing investigation into your private affairs, not necessarily to be snooping, but furthering a continuous effort to sift out followers and supporters of subversive or- ganizations. Besides, no one likes to be a sucker—a set-up for every sharp operator that comes along. Exercising discretion in signing things does not end with avoiding questionable petitions, but even more diligence is re- quired when you sign notes, agreements, leases, and all other legal documents. Not too long ago a couple contacted me in regard to a legal technicality that had cost them the down payment on a home (it was over 81,000). Simply because of a lack of even elemental knowledge of the law they had lost their life savings, their chance for a home of their own, and their swindlers couldn’t be legally touched. When making a sale or purchase that in- volves contract agreement, before you sign your rights away, contact a competent lawyer. If you are financially unable to da this, for a negligible sum the Legal Aid So- Clety, California Bar Association, the legal section of the Red Cross, and other public organizations offer competent aid. The Sen- tinel will be interested in helping expose un- fair deals, Remember, your taxes also pay for the services of a public defender. Let him earn his salary. However, the surest way to avoid en- tangling tle-ups is to guard your signature ag you would your life. A bad error of Judg- ment may be that costly. — (From the Los Angeles Daily News] Lerttes Starr PHONy Peace Crusape Here (By Ernest Brashear) As a reporter I've been booted out of some pretty strange places, but last night was the first time I ever got ousted from a peace conference. Of course, this peace conference was dlif- ferent. It was left-wing style, calculated to please the friends of Joe Stalin. They tried to make people think it was & labor-union affair. They called it the labor conference for ace. But not a single A. F. of L. or CIO leader was there. In fact, I didn’t see any labor- union leaders. Wheat was supposed to be a labor-union function turned out to be, instead, the first local move in a new phony drive called the American peace crusade. The meeting, at the Park View Manor, 2200 West Seventh Street, was chaired by Olive Thompson, a member of the United Elec- trical Workers kicked out of CIO for Com- munist-line activities.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD F | { : made for standing looking over my watching me take notes started to fidget. I missed the next name. Then came somebody supposed to be from the CIO United Aulo Workers. He wasn't there. Then came a girl—not a union member— Who was supposed to have gotten 700 names on the Stockholm petition. She wasn't there elther. Next came H-:mer Safford, secretury-treas- urer of the Labor Conference for Peace. He got his, Etste then a-ked Jackie to give the awards to those being honored for Stockholm pcti- tion signatures. A guy named Morrison got his, and that's where 1 went out. The woman who'd been fidgeting asked if she could see me outside. I went. We were folkowed by two young punks diaguised as warkingmen. They wanted to see my credentials. I showed ‘em. They said they thoughi maybe I was an FRI man. Maybe that was just to make me feel good, because then they said 1¢ was a closed meeting, and I coukdn't go beak in. 1 taid them Biste had said I could attend (as she bac over the phone), and I pointed out I was a union nember (CLO American Newspaper Gulid). The invitation had said trade uaianisis are invited. No; they said, the people are getting nerv- ous (about 100 were there) about your tak- ing motes, #0 you are not welcome. They souaded warlike. Being of a pesocsfal turn of mind, i didn't argue further, I ieft. Here are eume other things I found out about the group: They ahare odices with the Southern Cali- fornia Peace Council, which was branded last Mouday by Representative Sam Yorry as one of the phony Communist peace fronts almed at keeping this country unprepared. The address is 826 West Third Street, room $10. inchaded among the names of those pro- posing this so-calted American Peace Cru- sade are those of Harry Bridges, Hugh Bry- son, Airs. Charlotta Bam, of Los Angeles, Rev. Stephen Fritchman, of ios angeles, 40d a& strlag of others commoniy fovuad on jefi- wing meverial. There are three big ideas involved tn this pence orueade deal. One is what they call the big debate, a kind of Gallup poll where every~ body 4s aupposed to vote for war or peans. The oailota are then to be ekown to Truman to prove we want peace—and who doesn't? Then there'a the crusade itwell, scheduled tor March 1, when 3,000 crusaders are sup- posed to invade Washington to demand peace, Last, tieay've dreamed up a (rievence form by which American union men are supposed to tell the President he's violating their union contract by raising t-mes. And, Just in case you wan’ to drop around, the boys and girls are going to have another litte pink tea Saturday night at the Nika- bob Cafe on Western Avenue, Principal speaker will be Herry Bridges, boss af the jongshoremen'’s union. That wes anaounced aiter I deft the meet- fag last night, so don't let anybody know who told you. I won't. {Prom the Los Angeles Dally News of February 16, 1951] Ousrme or Rxporren Faom Lort-W ine “Peace” Mezr Ho Ousting of Daily Nows coporser Ernest Brashear from a left-wing “peace” meeting last Tuesday night was protested today by Be~ Nathanson, administrative officer of the Los Angeles Newspaper Guild, C10. “This ts no isolated lacident,” Rathaneon said. “Every newspapermam knows thet re- porters were barred fram oovering the re- cent convention of the Communist Party heid in New York, and the United Electrical Workers, an organization thrown out of the CIO because it was top-heavy with Com- munists, never afiows newspaper photo- graphers to cover tts conventions.” Brashear was covering the meeting which was sponsored by an organization that had been denounced by both CfO and A. ¥. of L. Jeaders as Communist domimeated. When the reporter was observed taking notes for his story, he was seked to leave. “Tt was an outright violation of one of our basic democratic principles—freedom of the press,” Nathanson said. “Now these people are attempting to drop the fron curtain in Los Angeles. “hey con't get away with tt.” {From the Los Angeles Dally News of February 19, 19644 On we Biss Ernie Brashear, this paper's labor reporter, last week described how he was ejected from & so-called labor conference for peace mest- ing at a West Seventh Street hotel, when he wes detected taking notes. He identified himself as n member of the American News~- paper Guild, but was asked to leave anyway. He was there long enough, however, to de- tect a teft-wing tinge to the proceedings. The trony is that 2 years ago, at a State Federation of Labor couvention, the Peo- ple’s World reporter was barred and Ernie wes named to a two-man delegation to ap- peal to the federation to admit the reporter, in the name of free speech. Through his efforts the Peopie’s World man was permitted to stay. Eee Problems of Mine Operation and Predaction EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WALTER S. BARING Qe NEVABA IM THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BARING. Mr. Speaker, on Febru- ary 2, 1951, I submitted to the Recosp a copy of a letter which I sent to Mr. Wil- liam Henry Harrison, Defense Produc- tion Administrator, in regard to our do- AS65 mestic mines. ‘Today I am putting inte the Recoxp a cony of the answer to letter which was written hy My. E. ‘T. Gibson, Deputy Administrator of the Defense Production Adatinistration. I might edd that Iam both irked amd in- dignant over his ansatisfactory repty. My repty to Mr. Gibson és alsn herewith submitted to the Recorp so that the Con- gress may be fully informed of the ap- parent lackadaisical aititude and the Gilatory manner which the DPA has been following. it & my hope that the United States Congress will get behind me with remedial leeisintion which wii put the minerals program on « simple and direct operating basis antl once again assure the American public that it is the Con- gress which runs the Natlon’s business, and not the bureaucrats. Dsrense Peovecnon Agwunrsraarsow, Washington, February 14, i95f. Hon Watrer 8. Banna, Rouse of Representatives, _ Wavhington, D. 0. Mtr Dean Me, Baris: Your tetter of Junn- ary 81 hes been recetved, and T have reviewed carefully the verious potrts you have breaght ‘up with reference to the problems of explora- tion and encouruging tacreased production from small and marginal mine wperattons. Undoottediy, you have read by this time the stabement of Secretary of the Interior Oscar L. Chapman on the defense programs of hts Department before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs tn executive ses- ston on February 12,1951. A copy of Becre- tary Chapman's statement is enclosed. This office has been in clove touch with Dr. James Boyd, the Administrator of the Defense Minerals Attministration. He has been deeply concerned with this spectiic probiem and the fact that the Defense Min- erats Administration has been unable tiras far to tackle in etall the question of mine expioration in aecordance with the instrute tions under sectton 808 of the Defense Pro- duction Act. ‘You will recall that whereas ald for loans and purchase contracts has been specificaity spelied out, the act did not do other than state “to assist tn carrying out the objectives of this act, the President mey meke provisions * * * for the en- cournagement of the expioration, develop- ment, and mining of strategic minerals and metals." As you undoubtedty know, the in- terpretation of that particular phrase in the act has been stb, to considerable tebate and also to a ation based upon modification or changes tn the tax laws. Thts latter hes been done since the first of the year. At the present moment, the Defense Min- erals Administration ts moving forward to- werd the establishment of procedures for hendiing the probtem of minerals expiora- tion. As indicated in Secretary Chapman's statement and in statements made by Dr. pefore this sxme committee, a pia wilt be in wperation at an early date. T think ft 1s important to remember that atthough to the men tn the field the process- ing of applications and the establishment of procedures appears to be infinitely slow, rnore damage can be done by hasty action than by delay under circumstances where 4 program {s ae diversified as the minerals program for the United Staves. It is tm- portant to remember thet more than 7 com- modtties are Involved on the essential list Of minerals, although possibly only 20 or more would qualify under an exploration program. However, these 20 commodities are eufictently complex problems of their own-—undoubtedty you will understand that the problems of mick are quite different from those of zinc, ami the protiems of quicksilver bear no relationship directly to the problems of beryftem. It is obvious
A966 that the establishment of a workable pro- gram, covering as diverse a number of min- eral commodities as must be considered in this instance is a task of major proportions, ‘This question ts equally complex with re- spect to procurement of strategic metals and minerals at above market prices. No over-market price determination can be made by the contracting agencies until re- quirements have been established and until there are indications as to the critical essen. tiality of the metals or minerals involved. Obviously such determinations are tied in with the requirements of our military forces. Coupled to this, Dr. Boyd informs me that he has had the problem of attempting to expand facilities of existing operations with a very small staff available to assist in the operation. He is hoping to expand this staff in order to take care of the workload, but as you probably know, mining engineers are difficult to find and men skilled in this highly specialized field are already engaged in work for our minerals companies. It is proposed, under the new exploration plan which is modeled somewhat after the exploration portion of 8. 2105, that the ob- jectives you have indicated as necessary in your letter will be achieved. I can assure you that this office is making every effort to facilitate this work, and it is my hope that within the next 60 days an exploration plan will be in full operation. Sincerely yours, E. T. Grsson, Deputy Administrator. Fesrvary 22, 1951. Mr, E. T. Grason, Deputy Administrator, Defense Produce tion Administration, Washington, D. C. Dear Mg, Grason: Your answer of February 14 to my letter addressed to Mr. Harrison is at hand. I am under the impression that my letter ‘was not given detailed study before the an- swer was drafted as it is in the large part unresponsive, I know of Mr. Chapman's statement, and of many other statements made during the past year by Officials of the Interior Department. The bare, blunt truth is that in spite of the output of words, little or nothing has been done to increase the out- put of minerals. The Chapman exploration plan, !f followed @s announced, mostly on a 50-50 basis will be afiop. If the small and marginal miners had that sort of money they would already be spending it digging, ay an official of the Min. ing Association of Montana has written me. The Defense Minerals Administration may be moving forward, as you say, but the prog- reas is too microscopic for me readily to observe. We did not do any damage by “hasty ac- tion” during World War II and we got out the ore. There were a lot of strategic and critical minerals to handle then, also. It seems as though the experience of the past has been completely rejected. Dr. Boyd, I believe, with Dufense Minerals Administration, Bureau of Mines, and USGS, already has a larger staff than was engaged in the Premium Price Plan, the Metals Reserve Company operations, and the RFC mine loan division, and it appears that in 6 months only half a dozen procurement contracts have been let, no loans made, and no ex- ploration projects allowed. Please correct me iflam wrong. Congress haa granted the authority and the money. The reasons for lack of policy and lack of results in the agency operations do not interest the Con- greas. Tho lack of results does. If would seem that the only cure for the demands our constituents are making 1s re- medial legislation to put the minerals pro- gram on a simple and ditect basis, Bincerely yours, Warrer 8S. Bagtna, Congressman from Nevada. Letter of House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HOWARD W. SMITH OF VIRGINIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr, Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, I in- clude a letter from the House of Bishops of the Episcopal Church to the member- ship of the church, issued at the meet- ing of the House of Bishops in El Paso, Tex., on January 12, 1951. The communication is entirely non- sectarian and contains so much sound philosophy that it should be read by every American family. While it points up our own shortcom- ings as individuals and as a Nation, it holds a torch of hope and faith to all Christian people. The letter follows: Stand fast therefore in the liberty where- with Christ hath made us free. (Galatians 6: 1.) Brethren, the minds of many are filled to- day with dread and gloom, for the future seems to hold for them little of hope, certi- tude, or peace. Since the attitude with which men face the future is itself a great factor in determining the future, we want in this letter to hold before all people teach- ings and insights of the Christian faith which can enable us to stand firm and wise in a difficult day. First, remember that the great periods of history to which we look with pride in church and Nation have been those when God-fearing men stood fast in the face of adversity. We are not Pra of the prodigal and cheap years in our history, and we are ashamed of the comfortable and half- hearted era. of the church’s life. We cherish in memory the men and women, who, with patience and wisdom, tolerance and courage, and an unfaltering adherence to principle, worked and fought to achieve our liberties, and by their resolution turned the direction of history. Since we all share this heritage of patriots, martyrs, and prophets, what we should dread is not difficulty, but rather the continuation of so much that is cheap and irresponsible in our way of life. God in His Providence has called us, a1 He called our forefathers, to greatness; to play in our day for the sake of all mankind a leading role in the struggle for freedom. It will require of us the same dependence upon God and self-denial, wis- dom and patience, tolerance and courage which others have shown before us. We are called to accept this role and to join hands with the mighty fellowship of free men across the ages. If we want a comfortable material future, no encouraging word can be spoken: if we want strength of soul in the company of brave and faithful men, we can make this a great age. Secondly, remember that if the future is uncertain, that is no new thing. Washing- ton, Lincoln, and Lee were not able to foresee in their time of testing what lay ahead. Their greatness consisted in their willingness to place the future in God's hands while they tn obedience performed the immediate duties before them. Consider Washington's words, “Let us raise a standard to which the wise and honest may repair. The event is in the hands of God"; or Lin- coln's words, “With firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right”; or the words of the hymn, “Keep Thou my feet. I do not APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ask to see the distant scene; one step enough for me.” These men placed themselves in the hands of God, fulfilled day by day, some~- times in darkness, their duties and responsl- bilities, and left the success or failure of their efforts to Providence, The greatness of these men reveals an enervating gloom for what it 1a: fatthless- ness to God and our present responsibility. There is no man who cannot see his present duty, and to do it at this significant moment in history is a rare privilege given to us by God. Nothing can take the place in our life together of integrity and character, and we must remember in the fear of God that we are threatened not only by outward forces, but by any lack of responsibility from within. Every man who lives irresponsibly today, who seeks his own security or gain without counting the costs to others’ every politician who plays recklessly on the present crisis for partisan advantage or his own advancement; every injustice in our common life, every hypocrisy in our democratic pro- fession, weakens us and makes us less able to fulfill the role laid upon us. Even though we cannot see the pattern of the future, we oan see the duties that lie at hand and the value of hard and self-denying work in the present. We, too, in our day, by what we do, can help to shape the course of history. In addition to the tasks directly before us in our dally lives God requires of us vital concern, in spite of all discourage- ments, for peace and a world order rising above the anarchy of nationalism; an out- going compassion for any of God's children who are suffering and in need; imaginative efforts in the strengthening of our common defense; and personal and community serv- ice to the men and women in the armed services, “Away with gloomy doubt and faithless fear! No arm so weak but may do service here.” Finally, we urge upon all men fervent prayer and a deeper understanding of the riches and gifts of the Christian faith. Since ages Of adversity reveal to men their deep- est needs, it is becoming clear to an in- creasing number of people that no one can be inwardly secure unless he walk with God. In a day when other foundations are shak- ing He alone is our strong Fortress and Friend. It also is becoming clear to an in- creasing number as they are shaken from comfortable assumptions that faith in God is the great source of the freedoms and val- ues which are now threatened. Never in its history has the church faced a greater task or opportunity. The immediate and obvious enemy of western civilization is Russian communism, but the deepest enemy is the godless ma- terialism which bred the illusions and cyn- icism of communism and weakens us now from within. Beneath much of our own life there are assumptions which must be fought by every member of the church, for they are part of the total enemy we face. With the Communists there are members of all nations who share false and evil convic- tions: 1. This life is all there ia; therefore, let’s make the most of it, forgetful of any higher law. 2. Man's economic activity is his most im- portant activity. 8. The more material things we possess the happier we will be as a people. Since there is an inner struggle for the soul of our world which crosses all fron- tiers, we must realize that no final victory can take place on the field of battle. Since ideas are not destroyed by guns, the only way to overcome a false view of life is by the militant preaching and living of a true view of life. We write this not only with the hope that non-church people will read and be led to a concern with the inner life of America and
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the world, but chiefly to impress church peo- Ple with the great significance of their re- sponsibility. While the Communists sent their missionaries to the ends of the earth, there have been comfortable people who have said it made né difference what a man believed. The great freedom for which our ancestors fought has been for others a petty and negative thing: Freedom from great convictions and discipline, freedom from weal and sacrifice. We are entering 4 new age in which we are called by our sovereign Lord to write a great chapter in His church's militant his- tory. We can become by His grace and power finer, deeper, and more obedient peo- ple. There is in our life with Christ In His church comfort and strength in this world and comforting assurance to those who love Him of a world to come. There is in the midst of an uncertain world the comfort of Ohrist’s presence with us and the divine as- surance that the gates of hell shall not pre- vail against His church. But we would re- mind all members of the church that there ts no assurance whatever that the church will increase to be largely effective without the devotion, discipline, and seal of its mem- bers. Only by apostolic missionary endeavor will Christianity again become the soul of this world. Our responsibility is to stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free, and to bear with power our witness in a sick world to God's saving and healing truth. Alaska Highway EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. E. L. BARTLETT DELEGATE FROM ALASKA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rec- orp, I include a press release of the Alas- ka Development Bvard at Juneau, Alaska, which demonstrates clearly the use to which the Alaska Highway is be- ing put by the citizens of the United States and Canada: For the first time in history, more people traveled to Alaska by automobile In 1950 than by boat, the Alaska Development Board revealed today in releasing tte annual com- pllation of highway traffic figures. The number entering the northern Terri- tory by highway last year was 22,507 while the number of visitors by sea was 17,430. In outbound passengers, however, those going on the four ship lines regularly serving Alaska slightly exceeded those by automo- bile, 16,971 to 16,623. The great preponderance of northbound over southbound travelers 1s accounted for, the Alaska Development Board saya, by visit- ors who like the Territary so well they settle down to stay. Alaska’s population has in- creased 77.4 percent, more than any State, in the past 10 years. Growing importance of the Alaska High- wey a8 a travel artery between the United States and the Territory is tilustreted clearty in the 1950 traffic figures. During the year a total of 16,007 vehicles traveled northbound and southbound over the wartime-constructed highway. This represents an fucrease of 4,261 yehictes and 10,683 passengers over 1949, and 68,368 ve- hicles and 20,446 passengers over 1948 traffic, The total highway traffic entering Alaska in 1950 amounted to 9,733 vehicles, while 7,174 left the Territory vie the highway. With road tmprovements continually be- ing made along the Canadian section by the Canadian Government and long stretches of the hignwey system within Alaska being hard-surfaced by the Alaska Road Commis- sion, substantial increases are antictpated during 1951. Economic difficulties encountered by Alaska Highway trucking operations were reflected by a large decrease in truck move- ments. In 1950 a total of 1,476 trucks moved over the road, compared with 4,098 in 10949, a decrease of 2,622. Present operators ap- pear to have sufficient capacity to meet cur- rent requirements of the region. A slight decrease also was noted in bus traffic, a total of 212 busses making the trip, just 22 lese than the previous year. Low- cost, round-trip bus tours to Alaska now be- ing featured should result in increased traffic during the coming yeer. The popularity of the Alaska Highway as a tourist route is evidenced by the large in- crease in vacation travel over it. A total of 28,279 persons traveled over the highway during the 1950 tourist season, an increase of more than 18,000 over 1049. The peak month was July when 6,831 persons moved over the 1,528-mile road. Traffic also was heavy during the winter months, a total of 8,968 persons moving over the highway during the months of January, Pebruary, March, November, and Decem- ber. The highway is open throughout the year. Detalied information pertaining to per- sonal travel over the highway may be ob- tained by writing the Alaska Development Board, Box 50, Juneau, Alaska. Justice for Our Friends in the Philippines EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. SAMUEL W. YORTY OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. YORTY. Mr. Speaker, I have to- day introduced a bill, which is the same as H. R. 4540, introduced during the first session of the Eighty-first Congress, This bill would provide benefits for the men and women who served in the armed forces of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World Wer I. It would give them educational benefits similar to those received by other mem- bers of the American Armed Forces. Those of us who served with the brave and loyal Pilipino soldiers will all agree, I am sure, that they certainly deserve every benefit given to us. They fought as members of the American Armed Forces, and the fact that the Philippine Islands were later given their independ- ence should in no way be used as an excuse for denying them equal bene‘its with the rest of us. We have been rightfully proud of the relationship between the United States and the people of the Philippine Ie!ands. All factors considered, that relationship has been pratseworthy and has cemented firm bands of friendship between the United States and the Philippine Repub- lic. Aside from the decisive need for equal justice 4:: dealing with the Filipino soldiers, if we must always assert a self- ish reason for doing what is right in foreign affairs, it is obvious that our AT relationship with the Republic of the Philippines is of such inestimable value from a standpoint cf our defense that we should most certainly make every effort to demonstrate our desire to recipro- cate thetr friendship by giving to the citizens of the Philippines, who fought as members of the American Armed Forces, the same benefits we have given to other members of our Armed Forces. Lack of Virile Leadership EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. GEORGE B. SCHWABE OF OXLABOMA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. SCHWABE. Mr. Speaker, a few days ago I received a letter from a patri- ctac young man in my district who is convinced that the great trouble with our international situation today as it affects this country and the welfare of our people is a lack of virlle leadership. I am sure that the mail which I am receiving daily is typica! of that which is being received by many of my col- leagues in Congress. It shows an utter lack of confidence in the leadership of the national administration in this coun- try. These letters, as in this instance, come in ever-increasing numbers from the young men and women who are be- ginning to assume the burdens and re- sponsibilities of leadership and citizen- ship in local affairs. Their minds are active and they are alert to the pos- sibilities that the future holds in store for them and succeeding generations, if only we could supply our Government with virile leadership. While I do not pretend to endorse all that this young man said i.) his letter, and do not agree in all details in his line of reasoning and conclusions, on the whole, I submit that it is a good illustra- tion of the active and constructive think- ing of the younger generation. It shows they are not completely in the dark as to where the real trouble lies. They are demanding virile leadership in this de- velopment and execution of national and international policies. For the benefit of my colleagues and those who may read the ConcrisstonaL Recorp, I quote verbatim and in full the following letter, which is an intelligent recitation of one of the younger genera- tion, typical of the thinking of £» many of them: Representative Gronas Scrrwasy, House Office Butiding, Washington, D.C. Dean Cononessman: Quite reasonably you may not remember, but during your pre- vious session in Congress I visited your office several times while I was empicyed by the Pederal Bureau of Investigation in Washing. ton. My home address then, as now, was Tulsa—but it’s been a iong jump from the FBI to pipelining. My in writing to you at this time 4s to attempt to eet forth my views regard- ing some of the critical issues facing our country—fesues which the Congress is being asked to resolve, but issues about which I
A968 feel every American should forthrightly voice his opinions. These views are not necessarily those of my company or of any other person—they are the opinions of a young lawyer, a veteran and Reserve officer, of « former newspaperman and Government employee, of a conscientious olvic worker and youth leader, a God-fearing Christian, and of a loyal American. I think the most difficult problem facing our Government is for that Government to make up its mind on a course of action. It fa the adminietration’s completely negative policy that has most of us more worried than Russia's possession of the atomic bomb. They taught us in OCS at Fort Benning: Determine the situation, locate your objec- tive, then decide on a course of action. Iam confident that the intelligence avail- able to our leaders in Washington 1s suffi- cient for an adequate analysis of the sit- uation. Surely it must be clear to all con- cerned that the U. 8. 8. R. intends to de- atroy the freedom that we all take so much for granted. Certainly the evidence is ample that the Korean conflict was spawned by the master minds in the Kremlin, whether the result is what they intended or not. Furthermore, the facts unmistakably reveal that the United Nations as presently con- stituted cannot effectively cope with the site uation. The vote in favor of branding Com- munist China as an aggressor made fronte page news one day, but the simple fact that most of the member nations are afraid to even invoke sanctions was hidden on page 17 the next day. While we may be able to rally the support of a few friendly nations, the burden ‘is still on Uncle Sam to provide the leadership and furnish the means to stop Soviet imperialism. Our Constitution and Bill of Rights set forth the very noble aspirations of the founders of this Republic. If these still be our objectives, why is it necessary to con- tinue vacillating over a foreign policy? Can- not a olear-cut, intelligent pronouncement be made by the President of this policy, fol- lowed by forceful action to carry it aut? Our country is willing and able to fulfll whatever task is necessary to free the world from the menace of Communist enslave- ment. But we are far from ready, our will to accomplish this tremendous task may soon be decimated by indecision, and our ability could easily disappear through lack of virile leadership. I confidently believe that the people of these United States will respond in an unprecedented fashion to any call for duty or sacrifice if only the Gov- ernment will decide upon a firm and reso- lute program of action. Unfortunately it is lJater than we think—but I believe we should do something about it. I believe the draft age should be lowered to 18 and raised to $2. All men in this bracket who did not serve at least 12 months in the last war should be called to active duty. All men who did see service should be required to join Reserve units that would be called to duty only after the nonveterans were in serv- ice. The minimum mental and physical re- quirements should be lowered. Even an in- competent is capable of some type of service, and certainly a man who can hold a4 civilian job can do something of value in the Army or Navy, The principal problem here would be to require that the Armed Forces exercise more discrimination in their use of man- power, with careful appraisal of a man’s abil- ity upon induction. I believe that industry should be fully mo- bilized. The military undoubtedly know what is needed to give our forces a fighting chance againat the Russians. Emphasis should be placed on developing # superior Air Force, protection against enemy submarines, and a streamlined Army trained to combat Russian tactics, ‘The inequities so apparent in the last war between wages received by defense workers, civilian employees, and members of the Armed Forces should be eliminated. Nat- urally, a man is entitled to some premium for giving up his job to work in a defense plant, but !t shouldn’t be an exceasive wage that increases the tax load and disturbs the Nation's morale. I believe that a tax program should be in- augurated that would put defense spending on @ pay-as-you-go basis, but that strict economies be enforced throughout the Gov- ernment and all nonessential spending be discontinued. Certainly this is no time to even consider further social-security meas- ures, unnecessary public works, or the like. Purthermore, I don’t believe it wise to impose such a heavy tax burden on industry that incentive is destroyed, production curtailed, and dollar volume decreased to a point that the tax take is actually depleted. At the same time, price, wage, and profit ceilings should be extended to effectively curb the inflation spiral, Our dollar economy cannot stand a much greater strain than it is now carrying without splitting asunder. America is at the cross roads—which way are we going from here? It is time for deci- sion, for only by an aggressive, forward-look- ing policy can we expect to gain the support of the free world and unite our own people behind the effort and sacrifices needed to overcome the threat of destruction. I appreciate your indulgence in this lengthy letter and trust that the views ex- pressed may be of some benefit as you help to shape the destiny of our country and the entire world, Yours is a tremendous respon- sibility, and the hopes and prayers of your constituents go with you and your col- leagues. With best wishes and kindest regards. Expansion of Mineral Production EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. WALTER S. BARING OF NEVADA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. BARING. Mr. Speaker, I have today introduced a bill to provide for the expansion of mineral production in the United States and to encourage explora- tion and development of additional ore bodies. The reasons for my action are made plain by an exchange of correspondence with Mr. Harrison and Mr. Gibson of the Defense Production Administration, printed in the Recorp February 2 and February 26. In my letter to Mr. Gibson I pointed out that there has been a great outpour- ing of words from the Interior Depart- ment, telling the mining industry what is to be done for them, but there has been no outpouring of minerals and metals stimulated by the Defense Min- erals Administration program, So far, the results of the expenditure of a vast amount of time and effort by a combina- tion of the staffs of DMA, Bureau of Mines, and USGS appears to have been net, nothing. Since 1947 committees of the Congress, especially the then House Public Lands Committee, of which Iam a member, has been trying to work out a plan and leg= isjation satisfactory to the Government. A number of bills have been introduced, APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD hearings held and reported, which were acceptable to the largest part of the mining industry. These bills would have put into operation systems of mining ald which were thoroughly tried out during World War I and found to be success~ ful. Each time they were killed by the opposition of the agencies, which wanted their own way or nothing. You have heard during these years the words “sutomatic incentive payments” and “selective contract system.” Well, under the Defense Production Act, the agencies were able to put into operation the Selective Contract System which had been discredited during the first part of World War II after a brief trial. Prior to the passage of the De- fense Production Act early last Septem- ber, there had been ample time to make plans for such a system as the Govern- ment had been pushing legislation to that end and should have known what it was doing. The horrible fact is, how- ever, that when the authority finally was granted, either there were no con- crete plans or they got snarled up in the bureaucratic process. At any rate, the thing does not work. As Congressman ENGLE pointed out in a speech he made on February 3 in Den- ver, Colo., the Government “has set up a bureaucratic obstacle course remarka- ble even for Washington, where there are experts in that sort of thing.” The people in DMA who are dealing with the program admit freely that it is liter- ally unworkable. The basic trouble seems to be a dia- metrically opposed theory as to whom these programs are supposed to help, and whether or not the smail miner is honest in his endeavors to help the Government as well as himself. I take the position that exploration money is appropriated to increase the total ore reserves of the country, for the benefit of the whole country. I believe that mining work is done better, more cheaply and more efficiently by a mining company than by a Government bureau. The theory of the exploration portion of my bill, then, is that we should ap- point the miner the agent of the Gov- ernment to explore for ore on the ground he knows best, with his own expert staff. The overall gain will be for the benefit of our economy; especially dur- ing this emergency. If there is an in- cidental gain to the mining company, that will benefit the economy in the long run. The Government apparently takes the stand that the miner should be carefully watched; that he is out to take money with both hands for his own benefit and not for the benefit of the United States of America. I do not for & moment believe this, but in any case there is no doubt that my plan will re- sult in more exploration, more eco- nomically, and with better results than any devised so far. Perhaps Secretary Chapman's matching funds and repay- ment device will cost less, but it is not the sort of a program to set every miner looking for ore and in these desperate times that is what we need. Exploration grants were made freely under the 1946 premium price plan. By
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD that time a good many of the war mines had already closed but yet, 463 mines lo- cated in 30 States helped with the ex- ploration program, according to Bureau of Mines figures. What agency could match that? With the expenditure of $6,000,000, 271,000,000 pounds of new metals was uncovered, What is wrong with that? The average exploration cost was 1.65 cents per pound of metal found. Cheap enough. Let us do it again, There seems to be a curfous feeling in the Government that although the small and marginal miner, being vocal, should be jollied along, his actual contribution to the war effort is negligible. Fred Searls, Jr., stated the position when he said that putting small mines into opera- tion decreases the total production of metal by robbing the big mines of labor. For this, among other things, Searls is against an incentive-payment plan of the automatic type. This theory, first stated by Searls in the early nineteen forties was definitely proved to be completely fallacious, Surveys showed that small mines use a labor force that otherwise largely would be wasted as the men either cannot, or will not, work for large outfits. In order to meet Searl’s objec- tions, I have provided that if labor pirat- ing cin be proved, the Director may can- cel the company’s incentive payments. Further, the statistics of the premium price plan, widely published, show that orate production was increased, and t under any system of price ceilings an incentive payment plan is imperative it we are not to deal only with a favored ew. We are getting no results from the present plan. The old one worked. Let us do it again. | J know already that the House In- terior Committee will receive adverse re- ports on my bill. I can almost visualize the exact phrasing. How, however, the Officials of the Defense Minerals Admin- istration and the Interior Department will dare to appear in hearings and op- pose my bill and at the same time at- tempt to defend the present disgraceful record is something quite beyond my imagination. Mr. Speaker, I feel that the mining in- dustry will rally behind this bill. I hope all of my colleagues here who want to see the United States make its maximum contribution to the war emergency effort will do likewise. Where Are We Traveling? EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. MARGUERITE STITT CHURCH OFr ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mrs, CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rec- crb, I inelude the following article from the Welding Engineer for March 1951: Wutax Ant We Travetina? The Constitution of the United States holds that certain inalienable rights of every human being are derived from God. These include the right to live, to haid property, and to freedom from unjust imprisonment, . According to the theory (and practice) of socialism and communism, the only rights that an individual has are those granted to bim by the state. He is entitled to nothing except what the all-powerful state says he may have. And that usually ien’t very much, ‘We are wondering which of these two cone filoting philosophies is prevalent in high clir- cles in Washington these days. A trip to our Nation’s Capital reveals many disheartening facts, One of the most dis- couraging is that our national leaders seem to be just as unsure of what lies ahead os the American public. The pilots guiding the American ship through these dangerous waters will answer the moat simple questions regarding what to expect with a candid, “I don't know.” ‘Yet they do not hesitate to impose curbs and controls when they know neither where we are going nor what is re- quired to take us there. What we need in this country is more straight thinking. It might be a good idea if our present leadership would devote less time to the planning of reckless spending of money and men and more time to the study of history. History can be like a road map-—to point @ way to travel through the confused maze of time, If the road map shows only a bottom- less chasm ahead, we should turn back before it’s too late. By history we don't necessarily mean ancient history. The Greeks and the Romans are too far away for their problems to have much in common with ours. But Jet's go back to, say, 1017 and see what the tolerance displayed to a handful of Commu- nists did to the Government of Russia. Or trace back the history of the proud British Empire for the past 16 years to find out what socialism aimed at and has achieved there. Or go back less than 10 years, to the be- ginning of World War I, Haphazard think. ing with regard to controls and curbs cost ‘us thousands of man-hours of production. The new controls include the same old mis- takes of the past. Our metals are scarce so their use has been restricted. Aluminum, for example, is banned from the manufacture of 200 civilian items, beginning with airfoil tubing (for windmills) and continuing straight down the alphabetical line to wheelbarrows and whistles. Yet nowhere is there any suggés- tion of the possible savings of critical metals that might be effected by the use of welding. Fabrication by welding, where it is appli- cable, would make it possible to spread the curtailed metals 10 percent further since welded fabrication usually requires only 90 reent as much material as other joining ethods, Also, the present sirgle-band priority set-up fails to provide for maintenance and repair welding, an absolute necessity of our industrial Mfe. What's going to happen when machines break down if there’s no welded repair? Something has to be done to awaken pro- duction authorities to the dangers of such a shortsighted policy. Somebody has to do an educational as well as a selling job, and that somebody is we of the welding industry. Even though our leaders have failed to read the signposts of history, we must not let thetr lack of knowledge of the advantages of welding impair our national progress. We in the welding must teke on the yeeponsibilities of leadership. We must show production authorities the way to the greater conservation of vital metals that is made possibile by the judicious use of weld- ing. We must point out the codes and speci- A969 fications that have been evolved to cover practically every welding need. . If it is necessary that we conserve metals, let's do it in the most effective way through economical fabrication, Nothing offera the advantages of welding for production, main- tenance or repalr applications wherever metal parts are joined. T. B. Javrernson. Boy Under the Dome remnaaesonentt EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. GEORGE B. SCHWABE Ov OKLAHOMA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 195! Mr, SCHWABE. My. Speaker, the following is an editorial which appeared in the Tulsa Tribune, of Tulsa, Okla., under date of February 17, 1951, written by one of the great editorial writers of the Southwest, entitled “Boy Under the Dome”: Boy Unper rue Domes (By Richard Lioyd Jones) Every day there move through the cor- ridors of our Capitol at Washington groups of visitors, sightseers, piloted by interpreters, who give a touring talk on the history of the Capitol. They tell the stories that are reé- vealed in paintings, murals, decorations, and sculptural ornamentations. They do well what our schools and colleges do poorly, or not at all, Our educators avoid introducing students to the greatest culture ever known. Most of our college teachers today know more about the lands of the dead languages and the lives that were lived under tyrants than they know about the freedoms that made America. But the people are now just beginning to be concerned. As in our country's ine ning we are paying the tax cost of politi- cal corruptions. Instead of appraising the American people, our colleges are now being appraised by the people. Those who trall behind the public guides in our National Capitol leave with at least a slight atquaint- ance with our country. On a recent trip to Washington I found myself blocked in a corridor by a typical visitors’ group of about a hundred. So I joined them. They were just finishing their . As they paid of their pilot, I found myself speculating on the kind of folks they were, They were the mill run of holiday travelers from Vermont, Indiana, or Ala- bama, tradespeople, school teachers, middle- aged people, young people, and old people. Just looking over their Capitol. ‘ I was attracted to a boy who seemed loath to leave. I followed him. As he walked away he was apparently looking again at everything he had been shown. When he got under the great dome, he Mfted his cap, looked up, and after a moment he turned to me and said: “{t's great, isn't it?” “Tt is great,” I agreed. “What a dome,” exclaimed the boy. “It's a great dome,” I answered, “because it's the great home of # great country.” “Blow do you mean?” he asked. “Dome” is an ancient word, I told him, It means home. A place of shelter, We get our word “domicile” from it. This great dome, I told the boy, symbolized the home of our country. To match our country, it had to be impressively big, mighty, strong, Great home of a great country.
A970 “Oh yes,” said the boy, “That's nice to know. Ours is a great country, ien't it?” The lad and I sat down to visit under the great dome. I was astonished at the lad. He knew our country like a geographer. He talked about the Aroostook forests, the Ap- palachians, and the Sierras. He talked of our harbors, New York, San Francisco, Puget Sound. He knew where the Piedmont coun- try lay, He recited names of grandeur, like the Blue Ridge of Virginia, and the Alle- ghenies of Pennsylvania, the Adirondacks, and Catskills of New York, the White Moun- tains of New Hampshire, and the Green of Vermont. He knew the kind of crops that are grown in Missouri, in Michigan, in Mon- tana, and in Mississippi. “You've been around, haven't you?” I remarked. ‘You've seen a lot of the coun- try.” “No, sir,” he answered, “I've never been anywhere. I live in Ohio. This is my first trip. My uncle is here on business and he brought me so I could see Washington.” “Then you've been going to a pretty good school,” I prompted, “they taught you 4 lot about your country.” “No,” said the boy, “I never learned any- thing much about America at school; my father taught me. My father is always tell- ing me about the difference between this country and the countries that have kings.” For « lad of 14, he was a find. What a father. Our country could use a million such dads. The boy began to explain that it wasn't the largeness of our land, but the largeness of our liberties that made America good. Philosopher. In that one sentence, that lad had recited all there is to learn in a thousand college courses in economics and sociology. One father who had seen and comprehended the plan and purpose of this constitutional Re- public had done the teaching job which the schools neglect. Among the triumphs of American genlus, we have been ushered into the photographic age. If our schools were equal to the public trust imposed upon them, they would equip themselves to take our boys and girls through the Capitol corridors, as the official guides now do. The youth of the land would be- come acquainted with their country. They now just accept it and live in ignorance of it. The Turks did not invent the cotton gin. The Italians did not find the chilled plow. The English never fashioned the mowing machine, the reaper, or the harvester. The telegraph and the telephone did not origi- nate in Brussels. Such simple things as the match, vulcanized rubber, ether, the turret lathe, and rotary and web printing presses, sewing machines, the electric light, elevators, block signals, air brakes, lawn mowers, re- frigerators, typewriters, phonographs, foun- tain pens, washing machines, and automo- biles, the gadgets that Ighten the labors of life, were all born here. The human freedoms that were made se- cure by the Constitution of our country emancipated minds. Individual initiative and enterprise, instead of being confiscated and curbed, were encouraged under the American flag. That's a story to tell youth. One boy had a father who told it while the boy’s school failed to tell it. Something more than the lure of fertile fields, virgin forests, and exhaustless mines lured your forebears and mine to seek our shores. Romance. Nothing in human his< tory like it. What a culture to comprehend. The largeneass of liberty brought the produc. tive power and progress out of the soil, No Other plow or seeder can bring the harvest that freedom grew here. \ We fellows who ‘make newspapers fre- quently fail to give the emphasis of impor- $ance to an inconspicuous item that flashes over the wire, It happened so the other day. A dispatch from Prague reported that ® 15-year-old lad, proclaiming his love for Mberty, was arrested by the Communist po- lice. Jerked to jail, he was quickly put on trial (trial so-called). The stupid cruel court found him guilty of treason—treason against tyranny. The court condemned the boy to death. When the sentence was pronounced the boy shrieked, “I would rather have death than live without liberty.” A Patrick Henry across the sea. That lad’s challenge to the cruel and autocratic court—his defiance of the beast-serving military tools of Moscow— found its escape from the court chambers through the open doors; it spread over the country. Just as Patrick Henry roused the early Vir- ginlans to take their stand for human free- dom, this Czech lad inspired a revolution for righteousness that became so impelling that, to quell it, the court changed the death sentence to a term of years which subsequent history is sure to shorten. The boy in Prague was willing to die for the lMberties Washington won and be- queathed to the boy under the dome. The Inflation Problem EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. HARRY L. TOWE OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. TOWE, Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- imous consent to insert in the Appendix of the Recorp a letter received from my constituent, Mr. Remsen Brinckerhoff, of Englewood, N. J.: Fesruary 9, 1951. Hon. Harry L. Towser, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Tower: I am writing as one of your constituents regarding the manner in which the President and Secretary of the Treasury are stimulating inflation by black- jacking the Federal Reserve Board, a body created by Congress. This Board was estab- shed by Congress to curb inflation (and de- flation when it exists) by taking measures to control the money supply. After all, what is inflation but an increase in the amount of money in relation to the goods and services it can buy. Simply the old principle of supply and demand. It is not a rise in prices any more than a temperature of 102 is the grippe. Those are but the resulting symptoms of the basic disease. And to think that it can be cured by freezing prices js Just about as likely to succeed as trying to cure pneumonia by packing the patient with ice to cool him off. The basic fallacy is the same—attacking the symptoms and not the cause. But not satisfied with that, they are going one step further and making the patient even sicker by continuing to force more germs into him—or more dollars into circu- lation. At the same time they hog-tie the doctor (Federal Reserve Board) who wante to try to eliminate the overbalance of pneu- monia virus that makes the patient sick, It is ike fighting fire with gasoline. IT hope you see the vicious circle. In an economy already containing a number of inflationary forces, such as the large national debt and the war emergency, this admin- istration policy of pouring more money into circulation to peg the price of low-interest (cheap money for the Government) bonds, creates a continuous additional inflationary force. The inevitable result for an increase ‘APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of money supply occurs—-prices rise. Thon the President screams politically about war profiteers, puts ice packs (ceilings) on the patient in an alleged effort to cure the dis- ease he has created, disregards the doctor's advice, and tells him to be a nice fellow and cooperate, and then asks us to dig down in our pockets in terms of increased taxes to pay for the rising costs he has by his and the Treasury's policy created. In the mean- time his policies continue and the same spi- ral or vicious circle goes on. He must realize this subconsciously, because he is already anticipating a further tax rise to pay for it in June, Let’s see the Congress put the trained doctor (Federal Reserve Board), whom it created for this very purpose, back in his job in place of the medicine man who is usurping it, before the patient becomes per- manently injured. Yours respectfully, REMSEN BRINCKERMOF?, Lax Immigration-Law Enforcement EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. SAMUEL W. YORTY OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr, YORTY. Mr. Speaker, the Los Angeles Daily News is currently running a series of articles by a staff writer, Mr. Ernest Brashear, which articles describe the deplorable lack of enforcement of our immigration laws supposedly con- trolling the immigration of Mexican na- tionals into the southwestern part of the United States. These articles call at- tention to the fact that the ease with which the American border is crossed has resulted in infiltration of Commu- nists into the United States to an extent which cannot be accurately determined. American citizens of Mexican descent are a colorful and constructive force in the United States and particularly in southern California. They are cooper- ating fully in the search for a solution to the problem caused by the illegal immi- grants, called ‘wetbacks” because of their wading across the river separating the United States and Mexico. Any con- fusion of our American citizens of Mexi- can descent with the “wetbacks” would be a decided disservice to a large group of fine American citizens, many of whom reside in my district in Los Angeles and are counted among our most outstanding citizens and leaders. The “wetbacks” can hardly be blamed for their desire to find employment in the United States. It is the lack of patriotic responsibility on the part of some Americans added to lax immigra- tion law enforcement, which makes Communist infiltration possible by in- viting border violations. Without con- nivance, open or covert, on the part of some American employers, there would be no encouragement of entry by ‘“wet- backs,” and no jobs for them after their entry. If there were no jobs, word would get around, and the scramble across our border would abate. Anyone who has studied the problem knows that in addition to lack of Federal
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD law enforcement, there is a lack of ade- quate State laws controlling labor con- tractors who recruit and handle agri- cultural workers. There 1s evidence to indicate that these labor contractors, some of their foremen, and no doubt some of the agricultural employers, benefit from the fact that “wetbacks” cannot complain when they are exploited, treated like animals, and even required to kick back some of their pay. Some of the people who scream loudest about cubver- sive activities are actually conniving to make Communist infiltration possible, by their refusal to cooperate with the Im- migration Department in the curbing of illegal entry of workers whom they en- courage by making no reasonable effort to determine their right to be in the United States before iiring them. It is very obvious that our immigration laws must be revised where necessary and vigorously enforced, not only for the protection of our own workers, whose wages are driven down and whose living conditions are kept at a low level by the entrance of ‘“wetbacks,” but also for our protection against entrance of Commu- nist agents. We must crack down not just on the poor “wetbacks,” who are only seeking a livelihood, but on the labor contractors and employers, large and small, who harbor and conceal these people by giving them employment, thereby knowingly, wilfully, and delib- erately violating Federal laws in order to achieve their own selfish purposes. These Americans are, in my opinion, more culpable than the “wetbacks.” There have been enough investigations of this problem. No more are needed. In concluding these remarks, I should like to include a part of the preliminary report of one group of investigators— the Governor’s Committee To Survey the Agricultural Labor Resources of the San Joaquin Valley. The chairman of the committee is Mr. J. Earl Coke, and the executive director, Dr. Paul Prasow. In its preliminary report dated December 15, 1950, the section dealing with the “wetback” problem said: “It has been asserted that the presence of Mexican “wetbacks” in the California agricul- tural labor market displaces native workers and therefore aggravates unem- ployment. In this connection, an im- migration and naturalization official, testifying at the Bakersfield hearing, in- dicated that there were 167,000 deporta- tions to Mexico from July 1, 1949, to June 30, 1950, from the southern part of California, and two western counties in Arizona. Mr. Del Guercio of the Immi- gration and Naturalization Service esti- mated that approximately 60 percent of deported Mexican “wetbacks” were em- ployed in agriculture. The northern California district of the Immigration and Naturalization Service reported 10,000 Mexicans were deported in the same year. While Mexico “wetbacks” have pre- sented some problems to the San Joa- quin Valley, the committee desires to express public recognition of the truly significant contributions of Mexican- Americans to the social and economics structure, and to the culture of the val- ley, State, and Nation. The Mexican- American has not only played a vital historical role in the agricultural de- velopment of the San Jcaguin Valley but has also made invaluable contribu- tions to the culture and development of the community in which he resides. Under present law, there are penalties of & fine up to $2,000 and imprisonment for a maximum of 5 vears for knowingly harboring or concealing an alien who has entered the country illegally. The law asserts that such action shall be deemed a misdemeanor. According to immigration and naturalization officials, practically no prosecutions are at- tempted under this Federal statute be- cause of the ambiguity cf the severe pen- alty and misdemeanor stipulations. In addition, because of the comparatively small staff of enforcement officers, the main phase of the Immigration and Nat- uralization Service work is concerned with the return of those aliens who have been either arrested or convicted for criminal violations in this country. There is a real need for expanding en- forcement service and personnel. The lack of detention facilities, and ease with which the Mexican “wetbacks” can enter the country are added problems. At one point alone in the border, it was esti- mated that as many as 2,500 “wetbacks” were entering weekly. Sealing the border seems essential to recucing the number of illegal entrants. However, some responsibility should be borne by individual employers in deter- mining the legal status of their agricul- tural workers. It is recognized that there is difficulty in discerning the legal status of Spanish-speaking workers. Nevertheless, there are indications that some farmers, as well as labor contrac- tors, are aware when the “wetback” is employed. Testimony from a labor con- tractor indicated that he preferred using “wetbacks,” although nc wage differen- tials were made. It is the expressed public policy of major farm organizations, including the San Joaquin Agricultural Labor Bureau, Associated Farmers, Agricultural Com- mittee of the California Chamber of Commerce, Farm Bureau Federation, and others, not to condone the practice of using “wetbacks.” Recommendations to artequately cope vith this problem are admittedly diffi- cult, A restatement of policy by Cali- fornia agriculture on the hiring and use of ‘“wetbacks” would seem essential. More frequent reporting by farmers to Immigration Service personnel, when some doubt of nationality status exists, would be another aid to better enforce- ment, It is reported that there are no Mexi- can Nationals presently employed in the valley, who were admitted under the Mexican-American Treaty. The Gov- ernor’s Conference on Employment re- ported that not a single agricultural employer in the San Joaquin Valley re- quested certification for Mexican Na- tionals for 1960. However, recent inter- national developments have stimulated greater economic and agricultural ac- tivity in the valley. Thus, many of those testifying observed that the problem of A971 unemployment in the valley will very likely diminish and corresponding prob- lems of recruiting an adequate agricul- tural labo’ supply will increase. There- fore, it has been suggested that the door be left open with respect to use of Mexi- can Nationals to meet abnormal labor shortages in the future. Recommendation: To decrease the current flow of Mexican illegal entrants, it is suggested that the Governor, in concert with other western governors, request the Federal Government to in- crease their border patrol. A better in- tegrated State and Federal program is desirable, since it is @ problem of mutual concern, A Visualized Program for Marketing EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLIFFORD R. HOPE OF KANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 19, 1951 Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, under per- mission heretofore grant2d me to exu2nd my own remarks in the Rscorp, I include a speech which I recently made before the Graduate School of the Departrn2nt of Agriculture: A Visuarizep Program ror MARKETING I anpreciate the honor of speaking on this series of lectures on agricultural marketing. If I understand my assignment correctly, it is to discuss some of the history and back- ground of title IT of the Research and Mar- keting Act of 1946 and to express an opinion as to the progress which has been made in carrying out the program contemplated un- der that title. Many of you were in the Department when this legislation was considered in Congress. All of you, I am sure, are familiar with it in & general way and know something of ite background. I believe, however, that the history and background of this legislation is so important in showing what Congress had in mind at the time the legislation was passed that I should review the matter quite extensively even at the risk of going over ground with which some of you at least are already quite familiar. This legislation, and I am speaking now of title II, was the direct result of an intense interest in the marketing of agricultural products which developed during the Sev- enty-eighth and Seventy-ninth Congresses. It was not an effort to meeet an acute prob~ lem then in existence; rether it contem- piated setting up a program which, while of a long time nature, might give some effec- tive relief to conditions which were expected to develop during the period following the end of World War II. The discussions which took place in the Committee on Agriculture of the House and in the Congress during the Seventy-eighth and Beventy-ninth Con- gresses clearly indicate that Members of Congress had a great appreciation of what had been accomplished for agriculture dur- ing many years of research in the field of production. The fact that American farm- ers were able almost overnight to increase agricultural production by more than 60 per- cent, in spite of shortages of labor, machin- ery, fertilizer, and transportation, made a great impression upon Members of Congress and with it came the realisation that this spectacular development was due in large
A972 part to many years of patient research in the laboratory and test plot. There was a feeling that, while this in- crease in the ability of farmers to produce was a Godsend during the war, it might create serious problems following the war unless consumption during normal times was sufficient to absorb it. It was natural under those circumstances for many to reach the conclusion that, if we could approach the problems of marketing and distribution in the same way and with the same sucvess we hac met the problems of production, we would have the answer. There was also a atrong feeling in Congress and also among farmers that the only per- manent and satisfactory solution of the problem of surpluses, particularly of the perishable commodities, lay in the develop- ment of a better system of marketing and distribution rather than through Govern- ment price-support programs. The first definite step in the way of action on this subject came with the introduction in the Seventy-eighth Congress by the chair- man of the House Committee on Agriculture, the late Hampton P, Fulmer, of South Caro- lina, of House Resolution 38, which passed the House unanimously on May 27, 1943. That resolution authorized and directed the House Committee on Agriculture “to make @ study ond investigation of the present system of marketing, transportation, and distribution of farm products from rural areas through the various marketing agen- cles to the ultimate consumer as it affects farmers, the various types of middlemen, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers.” The following were named as specific subjects for investigation: 1. The effectiveness of the present system of marketing and the adequacy of marketing facilities with particular regard to the pro- tection of farmers and consumers, 2. The effect of transactions on the com- modity exchanges upon farmers and con- sumers. 8. The existence of any practices in con- nection with grading, storing, processing, transporting, distributing, or marketing of term products which adversely affect farm- ers and consumers. 4. The part which transportation plays in the distribution of farm products and the possible existence of discrimination in trans- portation rates: 6. The feasibility of setting up a coopera- tive program of marketing and distribution through local, State, and National marketing agencies which would provide facilities for grading, distribution, storage, and other ese sential activities. The committee was directed to make a re= port to the House after the conclusion of its investigation and make such recommenda- tions as it felt proper with respect to legis- lation. I think it might be pertinent to point out that Chairman Fulmer, the author of the resolution, was a South Carolina farmer who produced a wide variety of crops, including fresh fruits and vegetables for the commer- clal market. Through long experience he came to feel the frustration which every pro- qaucer of perishable commodities must feel when he contemplates the risks which must be taken not only by the producer but by the handlers of perishable agricultural com- modities under our present marketing syse tem, He was indignant at the low price which producers received and the high price which people in consuming centers were compelled to pay. On many occasions I have heard him express his views on the subject in the course of which he compared the actual price he received for fresh vegetables at his farm in South Carolina with the price quoted in Washington wholesale and retail markets. I think itt should be noted that the concern which was expressed by Mr. Pulmer was directed just as much to the high price which the consumer had to pay as it was to the low price which the farmer received.” In the beginning Mr. Fulmer appointed a subcommittee consisting of Hon. John W. Flannagan, Jr., as chairman, Hon. Stephen Pace, and myself as the other members, to formulate plans and set Up an organization to carry out the studies authorized under the resolution. Despite the great interest in the subject matter, this investigation was slow in getting under way. We were in the midst of a war. Members of Congress were exceedingly busy on problems arising out of the war. Qualified staff personne] members to conduct the investigation were hard to secure. The subcommittee, however, worked out & program of study which was outlined in & speech made on the floor of the House by Mr. Flannagan on June 21, 19442 This pro gram contemplated a study of every phase of marketing activity, beginning with ship- ping-point organizations, facilities and prac- tices and going right down through every phase of marketing activity until the prod- uct reached the consumer. However, for reasons already stated, the committee was not able to complete its study during the life of the Seventy-eighth Congress. So great was the interest in this subject that much disappointment was expressed by Members of Congress from both rural and urban districts because the committee was not able to com- plete this investigation. Consequently, early, in the first session of the Seventy-ninth Congress, Mr. Flannagan, who had succeeded to the chairmanship of the Committee on Agriculture following the death of Mr. Fulmer, introduced House Res- olution 54 to authorize the Committee on Agriculture, acting as a whole or by subcom- mittee, to make an investigation of the ex- isting system of marketing, transportation and distribution of farm products, Investi- gation called for by this resolution was of somewhat greater scope than that provided for in the Seventy-eighth Congress. In addi- tion to the subject matter included in the Beventy-eighth Congress resolution, the new resolution called for a study of “the ade- quacy of present facilities, local, State and Federal, for (1) furnishing producers, dis- tributors and consumers with market reports and marketing information; (2) the devel- opment of standards and grades; (8) the inspection and certification of the quality and condition of farm products; (4) the development, analysis and publication cur- rently of information showing the cost of marketing farm products through the va- rious channels of distribution; (5) the in- spection of meat and meat products and the influence of such facilities on the marketing of livestock; (6) protecting producers, dis- tributors and consumers from unfair trade practices in the marketing of farm products.” Reference is made to this expansion in the scope of the committee inquiry for the reason that it indicates the interest of the com- mittee in the service and regulatory activi- ties of the Federal, State, and local govern- ments, together with the part which those activities played in the marketing of agricul- tural commodities. Significantly also the new resolution called for a study of the effect of price-support activities upon the market- ing and distribution of farm products. House Resolution 64 was reported by the Committee on Rules on February 20, 1945.% A number of Members of the House spoke in favor of the resolution when it came up for consideration on February 26, 1945, and the only definite opposition was on the part of one Member of Congress, who explained it by saying that he was against all investigating 1 See p. 4986, vol. 89, Concressronan Recorp, 3 P, 6388, vol. 90, CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD. *H. Rept. 182, 78th Cong. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD committees, In the discussion of this reso- lution it was remarked by several Members that agriculture had made tremendous prog- ress in the field of production through re- search and education, but that nothing com- parable had been done in the fleid of marketing.‘ So widespread was the interest in this sub- ject that activity was not confined to the investigation being conducted by the Com- mittee on Agriculture. Because of this in- terest Minority Leader JosePH W. MARTIN, Jr., had appointed a Republican Food Study Committee under the chairmanship of Hon. Tuomas A. Jenxins, of Ohio. The purpose of this committee was to make a thorough study of all problems concerned with the production, marketing, and distribution of food, both from the standpoint of the pro- ducer and the consumer. This committee held hearings in various parts of the country and through its staff made comprehensive studies on the subject. As a result of these studies the Food Study Committee conclud- ed that some action should be taken by Con- gress in the field of research on agricultural marketing and distribution, and that better use should be made of existing Government agencies dealing with food distribution, proc« essing, and consumption. As a result of the conclusions reached by the committee a bill was prepared which was introduced in the House by myself on March 28, 1046, and given the number H. R. 5925. Because this bill is the direct ancestor of title II of the Research and Marketing Act and because it represented the thinking of a number of Members of Congress at the time, it might be pertinent to read to you now the title of the bill and its declaration of policy. The title reads as follows: “To improve nutritional standards, re- duce the cost of food distribution, provide a broader outlet for American farm products, and promote scientific development of food processing, distribution, and marketing, by establishing a National Food Research Institute.” The declaration of policy read as follows! “The Congress hereby declares that full production of food and farm commodities and effective utilization of all that is pro- duced is essential to the welfare of the Nation and the health and prosperity of its people. The Congress further declares that the appli- cation of scientific methods to the produc- tion of food and fiber having been highly successful during the past 84 years, a similar scientific approach to the problems of utili- gation of all agricultural products shall be the policy of the United States, so that we may learn how to make effective and profit- able use of the food and fiber we now know how to produce in abundance. The Con- gress further declares that establishment and operation of a National Food Research In- stitute for the purpose of concentrating scientific research, skill, and methods on the problems of food and fiber utilization is es- sential to the welfare, health, and prosperity of the people of the United States. The policies to be followed in attaining these ob- jectives shall be (1) improvement of the operation of the private marketing system to eliminate waste and inefficiency and thereby to reduce the relative cost to the consumer; (2) making available to the food production, processing, and distribution in- dustry scientific laboratory and research facilities and personnel so that opportunity for scientific research and development shall be available on reasonable terms to all mem- bers of the industry; (3) improvement of Qietary and nutritional standards through research, processing, and marketing im- provements and education; (4) development of new and wider markets for American food &nd Aber products, both in the United States ‘Pp. 1449-1460, vol. 91, Record. CONGRESSIONAL
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD fcan farms to be disposed of usefully and profitably without resort to subsidies or arti- fictal price-support programs.” In order to carry out the purposes of the legislation ag set out in the declaration of policy, the bfll provided for the transfer to the National Food Research Institute of “all functions, powers, duties, and authority of each and every agency, division fn or under the executive branch of the Government which, in the opinion of the President, as ex- preseed pursuant to subsection B hereof, is which would, if continued, substantially duplicate any function by this act author- teed to be performed by the Institute.” Thus tt will be seen that it was the purpose of this legislation to bring teg@ttier in one bureau all of the agencies, not only in the Department of Agriculture, but in every branch of the Government which dealt with the marketing, processing, distribution, or utilization of food products. ‘ H.R. 5925 sroused a great deal of interest in Congress and out. It was submitted to officials In the Department of Agriculture and in other agencies for their consideration and suggestions. Farm organizations, ofi- clals of marketing groups, and many indi- viduals engaged in the distribution, trans- portation, and processing of food were asked to give their advice and opinions. On the ‘whole, the objectives and purposes of the legislation met with a very favorable response and the extent of the interest manifested was indicated by the many helpful suggestions which were made as to possible changes and improvements, All of this occurred at about the same time the Committee on Agriculture was conclud- ing tts marketing studies under House Reso- jution 54. That committee, as a result of these studies, reached the conclusion that the subject matter was so important, 80 com- plex, and so much of a continuing sttuation that it was beyond the abfilty of any con- greasional committee to find the answer to all of the many problems invoived in the course of a congressional session. Instead, it was felt that the only way that these prob- lems could be adequately considered and solved would be through a program of exten- stve and continuous research comparable to the research which had heretofore been car- ried out so successfully tn the Meld of agri- cultural production. This meant, in effect, that the committee agreed with the approach to the problem which was suggested by H. R. 6025. However, it was felt that further con- sideration should be given to the matter, and that H. R. 5025 should be revised with a view of incorporating the results of the studies of the spectal committee and some of the sug- gestions which had been made by marketing experts in the Department of Agriculture and by men with practical experience In the field of marketing and distributing farm and food products. On June 6, 1046, H. R. 6692 was introduced in the House as a substitute for H. R. 5926. This bill cowered very much the same field as the earlier measure but was a much im~ bill, embodying many practical and ideas which had been suggested by those who had studied H. R. 6925. H.R. 6492 provided for a new agency tn the De- to be known as the Agricultural ‘keting Administration. Like the cartier bill, it provided for bringing together all governmental agencies dealing with the proc- essing, distribution, and marketing of food and i addition for the transfer to the new agency of all the service and reguiatory activities of the Department of Agriculture. This might have been impiteit im the earlier measure, but in H. R. 6692 it was specifically set out. Thus we find that, as a result of the thought and study and experience cf a great many men in Oon- greas and out who were interested in tm- proving the marketing of agricultural prod- vets, there evolved the program contained in H. R. 6692. About this time, there was introduced in the House by Chairman Flannagan H. R. 6646 to expand agricultural research as pre- viously carried out under the Bankhead- Jones and prior acts. This measure incor. porated some new features, such as the authority to contract with agencies outside of the Government for research work, and broadened the scope of research especially in the field of utilization, but fundamentally it was « continuation and expansion of the program of research which had been carried on by the Department of and the land-grant colleges for many years, Be- cause each of these bills (H, R. 6546 and H. R. 6602) dealt with the subject of re- search, because there was intense interest in each of them, because most af those who were interested in one bil! were also inter- ested in the other and because the end of the session was approaching, it was decided by the committee to hold a joint hearing on the two bills. Many of those who appeared before the committee expressed their approval of both bills. Among those appearing who were par- ticularly interested in H. R. 6692 were the late Albert 8. Goss, Master of the National Grange; John H. Davis, executive secretary of the National Council of Farmer Coopera- tives; ©. W. Kitchen, executive vice president of the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, whose long experience in the fleld of marketing activities in the Depart- ment of Agriculture was well known to every~ one; F. B. Wilcox, assistant general manager of the California Fruit Growers Exchange; Albert J. Garner, commissioner of agricul- ture of the State of Maine; H. K. Thatcher, director of the Division of Agriculture and Industry from the Arkansas Resources and Development Commision; L. M. Walker, Jr., commisaloner of agriculture for the State of Virginia; Warren W. Oley, chief af the Bureau of Markets of the New Jersey Depart- ment of Agriculture; and W. Kerr Scott, then commissioner of agriculture of the State of North Carolina and now the Governor of that State; and others. During the course of the hearings, the committee reached a decision to combine the two bills—H. R. 6548 becoming title I, and H. R. 6692 becoming titie II. To these were added the third title covering the appoint- ment of advisory committees. A committee print was drafted containing the three titles and the hearings were continued on this committee print. Both of the original bills had been submitted to the Department of Agriculture for @ report with the result that the Department expressed its approval with some slight amendments of 6546 and ex- pressed its approval of most of the objectives and of 6602, but objected to those provisions which brought together all of the many and scattered agencies dealing with agricultural marketing into the Agricultural Marketing Administration, Mr. Norris Dodd, Under Secretary of Agriculture, appearing be- fore the committee an behalf of the Depart~ ment, urged that instead of setting up the new administration that the bill be amended go as to simply give the Secretary authority to carry out all of the provisions contained 4n the bill. The committee was very reluc- tant to make the change. As far as I know, and I think I do know, every member of the committee favored the provision setting up en Agricultural Morketing Administration and felt that this was the heart of title IZ. However, responding to the pies of the repre- sentatives of the mt that they did not want to be bound to the exact type of ar- ganization eet up in the measure and because A973 of the lateness of the session and the desire to enact the legisiation before ‘adjournment, the committee acceded to the Department's suggestions and deleted the provision spe- cifically setting up the Agricultural Market- ing Administration. However, in section 206 of the bill the of Agriculture was authorized to transfer all of the agencies dealing with “research, service, or regulatory activities in connection with the marketing, transportation, storage, processing, distribu- tion of, or service or regulatory activities in connection with the ufilization of agricul- tural products into a single administrative agency.” In order that there might be no mistake as to the views of the committee on this point, the committee report deals specifically with the subject as follows: “One of the principal aims of title TZ is to facilitate administration of, and to In- crease the effectiveness of, the marketing ‘work of the Department of Agriculture, and to give it the emphasis and attention that 4t should receive by providing for the inte- gration of all the marketing functions of the Department, including marketing re- search, service, and regulatory activities into a single agency, whose primary responsibility shall be to conduct and administer programs designed to improve the marketing and dis- tribution of agricultural products. “Testimony introduced at the hearings shows that such activities as the Depart- ment has developed to improve the private marketing system have been shifted about through a long series of departmental re- organizations, and at present the marketing research, service, and regulatory activities are spread among various bureaus, agencies, and branches, of the Department. Buch agencies all have numerous other duties in addition to their marketing functions, The agency in the Department of Agriculture that has & major share of the responsibilities for administering marketing services and im- proving distribution is also charged with the ty of production goals, sup- port price activities, activities of the Com-~ modity Credit Corporation, purchase and sale activities, and other action programs, all of which nore very important and necessarily make strong demands upon the time and energies of the Administrator. In view of the great importance of the marketing and distribution problems to the welfare of agri- culture and of the Nation, and of the fact that so little effective work has been done in this field in comparison with the magni- tude af the problem, this committee has reached the conclusion that research in mar- keting and the closely related marketing services and regulatory activities of the De- partment of Agriculture should be handled by an integrated, administrative unit within the Department, responsible to the Secretary. Such a unit should be staffed with qualified marketing experts and should be permitted to utilize all its energies and resources for promoting, improving, and developing a sound marketing system without its admin- istrative officers being burdened with other complicated problems and heavy responsi- bilities incident to other important func- tions of the Department of Agriculture, much as they are at present. This is the method which has been used to achieve notable suc- ceas in the field of production research. This committee is of the opinion that under such an administrative organization great progress can rapidly be made in the field of marketing. Accordingly, the bill authorizes the Secre- tary of Agriculture to transfer and cansoli- date the marketing research, service, and regulatory activities.” * The combined bill which bore the number H. B. 6082 and was reported on July 6, 1946, 5H. Rept. 2458, 79th Cong.
Agi came before the House on July 15, 1946. It passed the House as it later passed the Sen- ate by unanimous vote, Many Members of the House expressed their approval of the legislation on that occasion as well as thetr gratification that tha committee had brought out such a comprehensive research program. On the question of how the au- tho ity given the Secretary in title I should be handied, Chairman Fiannagan said, “The marketing program will never be a success until the marketing research, services, and regulatory work of the Department of Agri- culture is coordinated under one directing head. While I believe the Secretary should be given a free hand in bringing about the proper coordination and consolidation of the respective marketing research, service, and regulatory agencies, as provided for in section 206, I am strongly of the opinion thet unless this is done, the marketing pro- gram will be a failure. It 1s the unanimous Oginion of the House Committee on Agri- culture that the Secretary should carry out the intent of Congress as expressed in sec- tion 206 at the earliest date possible,” * I can say without any hesitation whatever that Mr. Flannagan was speaking for the entire committee in making this statement, and I think I can say he was expressing the viewpoint of practically everyone who con- tributed in any way to the formulation of this legislation. For reasons which will appear later, I have devoted what may seem to be an excessive amount of time and detail in going into the legislative and historical background of title II of the Research and Marketing Act. In doing eo I hav: not depended upon my recol- lection of the matter but have reviewed and restudied the legislative proposals and hear- ings which led up to the enactment of both titles I and 11, as well as title ITI of that act. Let me now briefly summarize what was covered in titles I and II. Title I was an amendment of title I of the Ba~khead-Jones Act. It contained Mttle that was new. Its principal purposes were (1) to provide for contract research, (2) bring agricultural re- search activities up-to-date, and (3) authore ize more appropriations for the same. Title II, on the other hand, was entirely new. Its over-all purpose was to improve the marketing and distribution of agricultural products. This was to be achieved in three principal ways: (1) to bring together into a single agency all administrative units in the Department of Agriculture dealing with the distribution of agricultural products, wheth- er in the flelds of research, service, or regula~ tion, (2) to carry out marketing research on a scale where it ultimately would be compe- rable with production research, (3) to sepa rate marketing activity programs from those dealing with price supports, production con- trols and government purchasing programs. It was the feeling of those who sponsored and supported title IT that throughout the years most of our agricultural efforts had been devoted to production and practically none to marketing. It was believed that as a result of this emphasis on production, that phase of agriculture had far outstripped the equaliy important function of marketing. It was further believed that, if all agricul- tural marketing activities could be combined in one agency, it would give marketing tremendous impetus and enable it to match production. It is not necessary for me to say that the results under the Research and Marketing Act have been divappointing. Let me hasten to say that in stating this I mean no critt- ciam whatever of those who have been in charge of its administration, I have an-ex- tremely high regard for the work of Mr, E, *P, 9030, vol. 62, ConarmsstonaL Recon. A. Meyer, the first Administrator of the act, and I am sure that Dr. Cardon and his asso- clates know that I feel they have done the best possible job under the circumstances, Nor do I think the Appropriations Commit- tives of the Congress should be criticized for their failure to make the full amount of appropriations authorized by law. It is my view that the partial failure of the act ts due primarily to the fact that the intent of Congress with respect to the ad- ministration of title IT has never been carried out. Following the enactment of the law and on more than one occasion, a number of Members of Congress as well as others interested in the program conferred with Secrcla:y Anderson and urged him to make the orgunvational chanees authorized by the act. However, we were never able to con- vince him that this should be done, possibly because he had recently completed a reor- ganization of the Department based on a different theory. I have never discussed the matter with Secretary Brannan and I do not know that anyone elae has, but for rea- sons which he doubtless considers good and sufficient, he has followed the same policy as his predecessor in this matter. But while I am not criticizing those who oppose the program called for in title II, I want to reiter- ate my belief in its merit and practicability and urge its further consideration. No doubt most of you aré familiar with the study of the operations of the Research and Marketing Act made last year by a study group headed by Mr. D. Howard Doane. This study was inttiated by the House Commit- tee on Agriculture through a subcommittee headed by Hon. Stephen Pace The Doane group was composed of able and experienced men and ite studies were thorough and con- scientious. It had the complete and hearty cooperation of the Secretary of Agriculture and other departmental officials, particularly Dr. Lambert and his associates. The com- mittee wisely covered the whole field of agricultural research and developed some very interesting and helpful information. For instance, it found that there are on the books now some sixty separate acts of Con- gress which authorize appropriations for agricultural research’ The committee's re- port makes some excellent recommendations with respect to agricultural research gen- erally, but it seems to me it fell down rather badly in attempting to deal with title IT, never really agreeing on anything in that connection, although some members of the committee sized up the situation correctly and urged that an effort be made to carry out the real objectives and purposes of that title I have spoken of the helpfulness of Dr, Cardon in connection with the Doane Com- mittee’s activities. One of the most helpful and illuminating statements which came out of the investigation was that made by Dr. Cardon on May 26, pursuant to a request by Subcommittee Chairman Pace* In this statement Dr. Cardon put his finger squarely on the principal source of the confusion sur~ rounding the administration of the Research and Marketing Act. Dr. Cardon stated that this confusion stemmed from two concepts, one being that the Research and Marketing Act had to be administered as an integral whole, the other being that the Research and Marketing Act program should be ree "Appendixes G1, G2, G3, pp, 94-98, Hear- ings on Federal Agricultural Research, House Committee on Agriculture, 2d sess., Bist Cong,., serial ZZ. *Tbid., exhibit 2, pp. 62-69. *Ibid., p. 51, also Report of Activities Un- der Research and Marketing Act, 1950, Agri- cultural Research Administration, p. 3. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD garded as of a different character than the research, education, and service work previ- ously carried out by the Department. I agree with Dr. Cardon that these concepts existed, and in my opinion, both were errone- ous. I think I can give you the reason for these erroneous concepts. They stem from the fact that title It was never carried out as Congress intended it should be. TI have al- ready pointed out that title I and title II were entirely different types of legislation springing from an entirely different back- ground and that their consolidation into one act was simply 4 marriage of convenience for the purpose of expediting consideration und enactment. There is no reason on earth why title I should not have been considered then and now as an extension of existing law, which it was, and administered along with other legislation relating to the same sub- ject. Nor ig there any reason why appro- priations authorized under title I should not have been considered in connection with appropriations for previously existing re- search activities. I think it would have been so considered had there been no title II. And had title II been carried out as intended by Congress and a new agency set up as con- templated, the two bilis would have had to be administered separately. Thus all the difficulties which have arisen over the ad- ministration of both titles could have been averted had the intent of Congress been carried out at to title IT I hope I have not given the impression that nothing has been accomplished in the field of marketing research during the past 4 years. There is plenty in the record to belle any such conclusion. Considering the funds which have been available, much has been done, but it is only a fraction of what had been hoped for, No doubt more could have been done with larger appropriations, but a look at the hearings before the House Appropriations Committee from 1947 and therenfter indicates that there is little like- lihood of larger appropriations unless some- thing substantially like the original program 1s carried out. In this the Appropriations Committees are probably wise.” Likewise, it seems to me that under existing conditions it will be hard to impress the Bureau of the Budget with the importance of increased ap- propriations for this work. If the program whereby all marketing activities in the Department were to be brought together. had been carried out, it would have given such an Impetus to mar- keting that thore would have been some hope that it could attain the status of production in the Department’s activities. Because mar- keting research ties in so closely with service and regulatory activities, such an arrange- ment would have made a greatly expanded research program possible. It would have enabled all those in the Department who work with marketing to give their undivided attention and energy to such program, That, 1¢ seems to me, is impossible ag long as mare keting activities are widely scattered, and in many cases, closely tied in with action pro- grame like price supports, production adjust- ntents, and buying and selling operations. It ts stil my hope that eventually the ad- vantages to be secured from the reorgani- zation authority contained in title IT will be so persuasive that some Secretary of Agri- culture will use it. Until that ts done, I see little opportunity for carrying out any pro- gram which will give marketing the same importance as production as far as Govern: ment activities are concerned. : Bee pt. 1, Hearings on Department of Agriculture Appropriation Bill, 1948, espe- cially p. 58 and pp. 208-289; also, hearings in subsequent years on appropriations for Research and Marketing Act.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Penalty on Saving EXTENSION OF REMARES HON. CLARENCE E. KILBURN OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26,1951 writer, Mark Bullfvan. As he suggests, the whole American tradition of saving 4s being penalized by the special inter- ests and the inflation that is going on, Thrift and free enterprise built our country up and thrift is being discour- aged and much of our free enterprise is being taken over by the Government. We simply have to stop the present trend if we are to remein strong and ree. PemaLty on Savina (By Mark Sullivan) INFLATION AND SPECIAL INTERESTS After the three labor members of the Wage Stabilization Board had resigned in protest against a celling proposed to be put upon wages; after the United Labor Policy Committee had protested threateningly against policies of Defonse Mobilization W1l- son generally; and after four high labor leaders had called on President Truman to express their protest—after these events accompanying controversy, a brief statement was given out by the Prealdent’s press secre- tary. It read: “The Preaident * * °* assured them that the administration was trylng to work out the problem in a manner equitable for everyone without special privilege for any group.” “Without special privilege for any group” is familiar as a phrase though less so ae a fact. What glaringly calls for attention just now, however, is a group which not only has no special privilege but even lacks a simple and fundamental right. This group js the savers, there are tens of millions of them, who have put their savings into life insur- ance, United States savings bonds, savings banks, and similar institutions. Between Government’s treatment of these and its treatment of two other groupe—labor and farmera—the contrast is an indictment of Government fteelf. To labor the Wage Stabilization Boatd promises © ceiling higher than the present wage level and labor truculently demands still more. To farmets the Defense Produc- a ceiling on any farm crop that is now selling below the parity price which the Department of Agriculture fixes; tn effect farmers are given assurance of higher prices. ‘The sum of the condition ts: For labor and farmers, more; for the savers, sacrifice. The nature of the sacrifice has been made familiar by experience. The saver puts a dollar into sayings but when he gets it back later, 10 years tn tho case of United States savings bonds, for example, it is no longer a dollar z ff | inflation. It was to stop this that the con- trol agencies, now much in the public eye, baa up. While they have put ceilings on the prices of many goods, they have as to others encountered contention and com- plexity and have postponed the dates for imposing cellings. One agency head has said that two important kinds of goods, dothing and food, will continue to rise for several months. Nevertheless the purpose of the control agencies continues and 50 apparently does their determination. We had all better hope they succeed and help them to. The interest of the country as a whole in heaving inflation checked 1s second only to their concern about war. Yf indeed it ts second at all, for one of the means by which Russian communism hopes to overcome us {a through economic collapse of the kind that would result from inflation {ff {t becomes ex- treme. And in this supreme national inter. est, if the people as a whole are to be looked Upon as groups, the one group that should be the last to be called upon for sacrifice is the savers. They, more than any other de- tachable group, have paid the price of infia- tion. Over a period of 10 years they have ween every dollar of their savings fall in pur- chasing power to what was formerly 60 cents. During the brief priod of 8 months past they have seen the fall grow in quantity and mo- mentum. Agnin, if the people are to be looked upon &8 groups, two that are fair to be looked to for sacrifice are labor and farmers. So far as it is possible to separate temporary bene- ficiaries of an early stage of inflation from victims of it, labor and farmers have been peneficlaries. Within the past 6 years there have been five rounds of wage raises in in- dustry. Within the same period agriculture &s an industry has had the highest national income in history, and some of the increase has been due to a Government policy, price support of farm crops. For protecting the savers against further sacrifice thorugh continuation of inflation and of reduction in the purchasing power of the dollar, the Government has a special reason. The Government needs to make large borrowings from the savers through sale of bonds to them, and the savers will Jend with more readiness and satisfaction if they know it is a Government policy to stabilize the purchasing power of their saved The Late Dan Clingaman EXTENSION OF REMARES HON. CLIFF CLEVENGER OF OO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 ASS im paying honor and respect to this, the last member of the Eoys in Blue who from 1661 to 1865 the Union. Ghio gave 810,000 of her sons to the Union Army and of these about 2,000 were from Fulton County. Of this gallant army that helped save the Union, “Uncle” Dan was the last survivor, HONORED AT NATIONAL FNCAMPMENT “Uncle” Dan Clingaman was a charter Member and a past commander of Losure Post 36, Grand Army of the Republic. He was loved and respected by his comrades and at one of the ) ational encampments of the Grand Army of the Republic, when he was the lone survivor of the Civil War veterans in Fulton County, he was made an honored guest, the cost of transportation of himsecif and an attendant was paid to the encamp~ ment, as well as their entertainment. When Gov. Frank J. Lausche, of Ohio, vie- ited the Fulton County Fair some 3 or 4 years ago, he stopped at the home to pay honor to “Uncle” Dan, and this always re- mained a treasured and pleasant memory to Mr, Clingaman, For many years Mr. Clingaman occupied an honored place in the parades of veterans of all the wars in which this country has been engaged. He attended every Memorial Day service held May 30 when his health or the weather would permit. He attended the services held in Wauseon, on the last Memo- rial Day. At the homecomings and other occasions where the welfare of the community and loyalty was a part of the program, Mr, Cling- aman had an honored place. Dantel A. Clingaman was born near Mel- more, Seneca County, on September 26, 1846. Six years later, his parents, by covered wagon, moved to a tract of wild land tn German Township, near Buflington. His father died that fall, Here he worked on the farm and hetped to clear the farm for cultivation and attended school during the winters until April 1865, when he answered the call for volunteers in the Union Army. He enlisted as @ private in General Sheridan's army. His outfit was Company D of the One Hun- dred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infan- try. He saw hard service in the campaign ot the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. He served until the war ended and received an honorable discharge. LOCATES IN TEDROW Upon being mustered out, he opened a Dbiackamith shop at Tedrow which he oper- ated for 16 years. Selling the shop, he pur- chased the farm which he owned at the time of his death, 14% miles north of Wauseon and where he lived for more than 70 years. Mr. Clingaman was a very successful farm- er and was an active member of the Fulton County Agricultural Society for many years, serving as one of the directors of the board that managed the fair until he declined to eerve longer on account of advancing years. His value to the sootety was recognized and he was elected an honorary member for life. He united with the First Christian Church of Wauseon in 1880 and was a faithful at-~ tendant at Sunday school and worship serv- foes. At his advanced age only the condition of his health or the weather kept him away. Mr. Clingaman frequently spoke of his early years on the farm when the forests had to be cleared away and the Jand drained and the team work done with oxen tn order to produce a crop. As a fatherless boy he knew what hard work on the farm was and the trials that the pioneers of Fulton County endured, WIFE DIED IN 1923 He was united in marriage to Miss Loulse Minnich, who died in 1928. Since then his daughter and son-in-law gave him devoted
A976 Jove, cate, and attention to add to his pleas- ures in life. He is survived by his daughter, Mrs. Carl Fauver, and grandchildren, David Clinga- man, Defiance; Daniel Clingaman, Spring- field; John Clingaman, Wauseon; Charlotte Clingaman, Piqua; Mrs. Lowell Geringer, Wauseon; Mrs. Alfred Reighard, Delta; and Stanley Fauver, near Wauseon. The Robinson-Gibbs Post, American Le- gion, conducted the services in the Penrod funeral home, Tuesday afternoon at 2 o'clock, His pastor, Rev. Ralph Richardson, assisted by Rev. John Osborne, pastor of the Church of God, officiating. Burial was in the Wauseon Cemetery. Flags were flown at half mast during the day and all places of business were closed during the funeral hour. A floral piece from the Department of Ohio, W. R. C., from Medina was recetved by the Clingaman family as well as a long distance call of condolence from the Civil ‘War Veterans Association of Dayton. There are four Civil War Veterans left in the United States. A-*“Aress Before Future Farmers of America Federation EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOSEPH R. BRYSON OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 . Mr, BRYSON. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks in the Rec- orp, I include the following address de- livered by me before the Future Farmers of America Federation at Spartanburg, 8. C., February 22, 1951: _ It4ja a pleasure to be here in Spartanburg with you this evening. I consider it a great privilege to address this splendid group of young men and their fathers. ' I Mke the enthusiastic spirit with which the Future Farmers of America work to develop leadership, cooperation, citizenship, improved agriculture, and patriotism. You represent democracy in its truest sense—a vital force of teamwork among individuals with deep-rooted ideals, working incessantly for the common objective of human better- .ment, I have always been a firm believer in the underlying principles upon which the Future Parmers of America Federation was founded and feel that it has grown to be one of our great youth organizations, } Agrieulture and the Nation as a whole needs leadership and I am confident that this leadership will emerge from among our young people as a result of the training re- ceived {n our schools and through such or- ganizations as the Future Farmers of Amertoa, . ‘You farm boys of today are the citizens who will be supplying the food and other agricultural products for our country in just a few years. Many of you young men will, eyond « doubt, help determine agricultural policies in the future. The United States of America will be stronger because of the training you are receiving in the Future Farmers of America. In these grave times agricultural produc- tivity 1s a great source of national strength, .But the role of agriculture in the present struggle for freedom in the world goes far beyond the ability to produce in abundance, ing is more than just another industry; is a way of life which we here in the United States must strive to preserve. Agri- culture always has made and is still making more than material contributions to our economy and our national strength. Through the years since the founding of this Nation, people who owned their farms and tilled their soil have contributed 8 strong moral influence upon our national life, Such farmers are still a strong bulwark of democracy and a real safeguard against the {nroads of communism in our own country. But we shall say more about this later, This evening I would like to say a few words to you about three of our basic agri- cultural problems, for all of which you Fu- ture Farmers of America will be called upon to help find a solution. The first of these problems is that of raising the level of farm income. We have heard much about how this should be accomplished, We in America are the best~fed and best- clothed people in the world. This did not just happen. Back of our abundant produc- tion are millions of farm people who have learned how to produce and live as no other people have ever done. These farmers have not been content with science in the labora- tory. They have taken the results of the laboratory and applied them to their farms and in their homes. This has meant prog- ress, and in times of trial a lifesaver, not only for themselves but for the Nation and the rest of the world. And still while so much progress has been made in agriculture I don’t need to remind you that the income per farm worker in many sectors of our agricultural economy is far too low. The question of how to raise this level of farm income is still before us. How can it be solved? Many of us today, I believe, are convinced that it can- not be done by raising prices of agricul- tural commodities alone. Much has been accomplished by Government price programs to give farmers equitable prices for their products, but we still find the average in« come per farm worker far below the average wage per industrial worker, For example, in 1949 the average income per farm worker ‘was $1,587, while the average wage per in- dustrial worker was 62,900. How may we raise the income per worker on our farms? It appears to me that this can be done only by increasing the productivity per worker on our farms through more efficient farming methods, more scientific farming, and farm mechanization. Farm mechanization, on the other hand, raises another problem. How large must @ farm be to Justify the use of machinery? The answer to this question is a difficult one and will depend to a great extent on the scale of our farming operations, the kind of crops grown, whether it is a dairy farm or a cattle ranch or a diversified farm. One thing is certain, however, farms must be large enough to make it possible to use mechanized equipment efficiently. Mecha- nization is extremely important at this particular time when so many young people are needed in the Armed Forces and in our factories to produce the materials required for national defense. This brings me to the problem of the family farm and a farm ownership. Our present family-farm system didn’t happen by accident, it has been made possible by our Government's land policies, These pol- icles were motivated to a very great extent by the philosophy of our founding fathers and early leaders that the freehold prin- ciple was essential to a strong democracy. Operator ownership of the family farms in the United States has long been one of the chief goals of agricultural policy. Numerous farm lawa have been enacted toward that objective. It is true that many farms are till operated by tenant farmers, but the opportunity is now and must be always kept open for farmers to become farm owners if they choose to do ao, Statistics indicate that there has been a rapid gain in operator-ownership during the APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD past decade, but there are developments which tend to make tt more difficult for young men to get started in farming. The high cost of land, buildings, machinery, and livestock tend to limit rather than encour- age expansion of the family farming tradi- tion. ‘We should therefore constantly strive to preserve the family farm concept and to make it posetble for those who wish to farm, and who will do all in their power to farm efficiently, to eventually own their farms. What our farm policies will be in the years to come will depend a great deal upon you young men, the Future Farmers of America, Finally, I wish to call your attention to the importance of abundant agricultural production in this present world emergency. ‘ou all remember the fine job done by the farmers of the United States during World War IZ and thus far in the postwar period. We were able to increase production during the war to supply the needs of the United States and our allies. During the early postwar years we produced sufficient quanti- ties of food and fiber to ald a number of countries faced with shortages of agricul« tural commodities as a result of the war, Now we are confronted with another emer- gency. In the near future there will prob« ably be shortages of some important agri- cultural products such as cotton, wool, grains, meats, and dairy products. Again we must stand ready to produce sufficient quantities of these foods and fibers, not only for this country but for our allies who are fighting with us in this great struggle to maintain peace and freedom for all peace- loving people throughout the world. And now, my friends, I wish to congratu- late you for continuing your education and preparing for your future occupation. I also feel that your parents should be highly com- mended for making it possible for you to at= tend school to become better citizens, better leaders, and more efficient farmere General Bradley’s Address at Freedom Award EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK OF MASSACHUSETTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 *Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, un- der leave to extend my remarks in the Recorp, I include the following address by General of the Army Omar N. Brad- ley at the presentation of the Freedoms Foundation awards: Here at Valley Forge, at the bleak, winter retreat of a defeated American Army, we have gathered to warm our hands and our hearte to a greater task—a global struggle for free- dom’s eternal survival, Tam convinced that we will win this strug- gle. In this righteous crusade we shall suc- ceed. And all those nations joined with us i spirit and in action will remain alive and ree, That winter at Valley Forge was a battle without gunfire, a struggle without glory. Because of their suffering and their defeats, the American troops almost abandoned the cause, But their leader, General Washing- ton, never lost faith, Now there is little chance that the march toward freedom will ever falter, Too many generations have been sustained by the mirae cte of individual liberty; too many men have pies in freedom to abandon it without @ ght.
APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD The survival of freedom depends on the collective industrial and political power of the nations who have joined in this oru- sade. In this torn world the backbone of freedom takes its strength from the power wa have to defend it, The United States, and the freedom-loving nations of the world, have a greater indus- trial potential than our combined enemies, In the long run this industrial production and skill will assure our military supremacy if we need it. ' Among the free nations we are attaining an international political understanding, The North Atlantic Treaty, as a first step, is a stronger combination than the compul- sory league of Soviet satellites. In our indl- vidual nations we are stronger because each of us ia free, In every satellite nation, where communism rules through the tyranny of a power-hungry minority, there exists a fun- damental political weakness. ) Morally and fundamentally, the free world has the undeniable power of a better ides, in our way of life no worship is denied, no abandonment of religion is required, no elections are counterfeited, no automatic “yes” is demanded. WE NEED HUMILITY The sum total of our strength in these broad areas will assure ultimate victory over ¢ommunism. And for the moment, we are the trusted leaders of this crusade. But in prast to win we must provide the kind of leadership that freemen can reapect and support, In this great responsibility we Americans need humility. Many of us are caught In the {Illusion that we—of all the people in this world—are self- sufficient. Because of the supreme confi- dence we have in our strength, in our faith, and in ourselves, it is difficult to admit the need of help. However, the American people, for all their strength and abundant charity, need guid- ance, courage and inspiration. In our Amer- ican pride at being the arsenal of democracy, ‘we must remember that we are also regarded as the arsenal of hope. Great leadership in such a righteous cause requires that 4 na- tion be humble—before its God and its fel- Jowmen. As we seek to protect the freedom which we hold in trust, we must provide more than material things. We must provide more than guns for soldiers, more than food for starving people, more than thoughts for hun- gry minds. We must show them our faith to bolster theirs. We should realize that our Nation is dis- tinguished in this world by the great quality of freedom which sets us apart. There are civilizations, religions, and ways of life much older than ours, which mark other countries and other people for special regard. Many of our precepts, and some of our modes of life, have been drawn from this background. But it is this devotion to freedom that marks the American way of life. So long as the American people sustain this devotion, and cherish and protect and continue to earn the liberty which we hold so dear, this Nation will deserve a great place in the history of humanity. - Nature’s resources, 4nd our genius for de- velopment of them, were placed in this bright area of the world to be shared unselfishly in times of need. I believe that the Ameri- can people will be endowed with the genius for development and invention only so long as thelr energies are devoted to the greater good, Realistically, we must acknowledge that the greater good for the world requires continued contribution of energy, faith, and ‘cooperation from all peoples who hope to ahare the American abundance. Prequently the cry is heard, “How can we go on giving and sharing indefinitely; won’t ‘we spread it all too thin and dissipate our XCVIT—App.———62 strength?" We hope that friendly nations Will some day become aelf-sufficient end in- dependent of our aid. For the present, our asaistance is needed to hasten their recovery. For the American people to falter or hesitate is unthinkable, for we are provited with ample strength upon which to draw. A TRUISM I8 CITED We have friends—stanch, courageous, and worthy people who respect our leadership and join us in support of freedom. We are provided with the strength of di- versity which no regimented people can equal. When we apply the initiative and imagination of enterprising men to a difficult problem, we can count on a solution. Divine providence gives us another, and greater, strength which has never surrend- ered to any threat or peril. This is the spir- itual strength of our religious freedom—every man looking to his God, with faith and with prayer, for the guidance and the courage that human minds alone never quite provide. There 1s an old truism that if something too big is given to someone too small to carry, either the load must be lightened or the car- rier must grow big enough, strong enough, for the burden. There is little chance, as I read the avowed intentions of communism, that the load will be lightened soon, or that we may be able to shift it entirely to other shoulders. Since we now bear the burden, there is only one solution—we and our friends must become strong enough to carry it lightly, and with great endurance, and for & long time, Our own confidence is essential to our leadership, We must maintain the basic quality of a right estimate of ourselves and our abilities. I believe it is this kind of humility which is required of a leader-nation in these times of peril. I would not have us think less of ourselves than we should. I believe that we can take some inspiration in our present trouble from the words of a famous American, Thomas Paine, who wrote of our earlier crisis juat before Washington's toops wintered here at Valley Forge: “IT have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my secret opinion has ever been, and still 1s, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent. Neither have I so much of the infidel in me, as to suppose that He has relinquished the govern- ment of the world and given us up to the care of devils.” In this assemblage today at Valley Forge we have tried to capture some of the spirit and humility so necessary to the task of preserving freedom. These awards presented by the Freedoms Foundation mark significant contributions to this great cause for which free men crusade. A New “Uncontrollable” State EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CLARE E. HOFFMAN OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, February 8, 1951 Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan, Mr. ®peaker, in New York, United Nations owns a piece of land and a towering sky< scraper in which some 4,000 to 4,500 peo- ple are working. All but a few of these people are citi- zens of other countries, although some A977 91 Communists or near-Communists are employed there by the United States, which is, as you know, a member of United Nations. All of these people, being in some way diplomatic representatives of other gov~ ernments, are immune from the laws and penalties which apply to you and me. Most of their salaries are tax ex~- empt. Should one of them get drunk or violate a traffic regulation, he can, and ordinarily does, claim diplomatic immunity. . I have never been able to understand the policy which sanctions the residence and activities of these people—many of whom mean our Government no good here in America, That we pay—to use the old expres- sion—"through the nose,” is indicated by the following editorial from the Chicago Tribune of February 21, 1951: Drvivenns From UN In the first 5 years of its life the United Nations has succeeded in spending almost *8857,000,000. Of this, the United States contributed four hundred and twenty-four million, almost half of the total. By June 80 UN outlays will approach $1,000,000,000, and of this sum the United States will have contributed five hundred and forty-three million. Can any Ametican explain what possible benefit the United Btates has received from @ single dollar contributed to UN, let alone half 5 billion of them? We have been treated to a never-ending wrangle, to a wholly use- less and costly war in Korea to the threat of another world war with unimaginable destruction, to military and economic regi- mentation in preparation for war, and to some half baked, wholly unrealistic, and dangerous excursions into social uplift on a global scale. ‘The declaration of human rights and genocide convention are typical of these. The facts and figures on UN have been the subject of study by a Senate subcommit- tee under the direction of Senator O'Conoa, of Maryland, and the report of this group Jeaves no doubt that UN has degenerated into a racket, The only people who profit directly from its operations are the new class of global bureaucrats who draw tax~ free salaries. Trygve Lie, the Secretary General, benefiting from 11 forms of allow. ance and 6 of benefits, draws $53,000 a year, free of tax. He may be worth $53,000 to himaelf, but to no one else. : The Senators speak of the vested interests that have been created in UN by interna- tional bureaucrats whose principal object 1s to keep every existing project going and to invent new ones constantly, Among these is a study of the effect of chewing coca leaves. Others proposed or in existence are world clinics for alcoholics, the improvement of obstetrical practice in Ohina so that the ranks of the Chinese Red armies may be kept up to quota, a world compact to end divorce mills, & study of the social problems of South American aborigines, the standard- ization of map symbols, legal procedure for the issuance of death certificates of persons missing in war, an Asiatic flood-control pro- gm , and an investigation of the sctentific ig of yogi. This only suggests the fertility of bureau- cratic resourcefulness in making work and finding devices to spend money, There are hundreds more of such boondoggies in the files. e ~There are almost 10,000 UN bureaucrats ‘ Mving largely off the American people. The ” old League of Nations was able to stagger to the grave with only a fraction of this horde of payroliers and at only 4 fraction of the,
With each passing year UN grows more @ranttions in tts pretensions and more futile 2 i ac Rerredatoc:: holders axe presidents, premiere, and Qictators, who reguiarly collect through the ability of UN to Keep international ten- wions strung tight, eo that there are always ‘ware and Gareats of wars with which to keep ‘peuple cowed ani quiescent #0 that they will submit to the constantly increasing exao- tious of the state upon their incomes and tinolr very lives. ‘When are the people of the world going to onto this gigantic fraud? e % Sazho Legislature Memorialires Congress Rogarding the Sending of Treeps to Europe EXTENSION GF REMARES HON. JOHN T. WOOD OF IDAHO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, ‘the people of Idaho are so resentful of sending troops te Europe without the ap- proval of the Congress that they have importuned the members of their State war. The resolution follows: Benate Joint Memorial 3 (as amended) To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep- veaentatives of these Untted States of dAmerion in Congress assembled: ‘We, your memorinlists, the Senate end “Wheres, the present world situation in- ecfar as it affects the peace and welfare of these United States of America fe at one of tte most critical and wncertuin stages; and “Wherees the President of these United States of America greater numbers dardiga "Resolved by the Senate of the State of Maho {the house of representatives con- aarew). That we most reapectfully urge of these United States to take ent to prevent the sending of the ground troops of these United States of American to Mate tote ee anton tion of war by the Congress; be it further “Resolved, That the secretary of state of the Siate of Idaho be authoriged, and he is This senate t+ memorial peased the sen- ate on the 15th day of February 1061, Zosow H. Deat, The St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Proj- ect Is an Economic Monstrosity and Weald Prove To Be a Wasteful Ex- peaditure of Moncey, Manpower, and Materials EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT OF PUENWEYLVANIA IN THR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 26, 1951 Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, for over 60 years the St. Lawrence seaway and power project has been paraded be- fore Congress, and during that time its construction has been urged by its ad- During the period of 25 years this Nation found itself engaged in two Worid Wars, and during that time we heard the argument that the St. Lawrence proj- ect was necessary if victory were to be achieved. Fortunately for the Ameri- can people and the welfare of the Nation, Congress did not listen to such a specious argument and we concentrated on utiiis- ing our Manpower, money, and materials for increasing our standards of produc- tion so essential in meeting the needs of our national defense. Today we find ourselves involved in another world crisis, and as usual the age-old statement is again being bandied about that our security rests in rio small degree on construction of the St. Law- rence seaway and power project. In fact, not only have the proponents of this boondogeling project attired it in the garb of national defense, but they have given it the “new look,” or in every- day language, “eomething new has been added,” by stating that it is needed to transport ore for several Midwest steel companies who are ore de- posits in the Labrador-Quebec area, and who claim the seaway is needed to solve their transportation problem. In other words, the American taxpayers are being asked to subsidize these steel companios by providing the St, Lawrence seaway for their own selfish interests. APPENDIX TO THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD The far-reaching potentialities . of atomic &@ source of ex tne ton vcarefully svoided by aavocates of the St. Lawrence project despite the Lact that they know rapid progress is being made tn the field of atomic energy, and that there is the possibility that before the St. Lawrence seaway can be com- pleted in the 5 or 7 years time required for its construction we may find that the dered such a project as obsolete, useless, and a sheer waste of billions of dollars of the American taxpayers’ money. There are many manifold reasous why the St. Lawrence seaway and power proj- ect Is an economic and should not be foisted upon the Ameri- can taxpayers who are already overbur- dened by taxes that take about 36 cents out of every dollar they earn. The following speech was delivered by me on February 21, 1951, over the Amer- ican Broadcasting Co. network and should be of interest to every American citizen becauce it sounds a warning of the evil effects that would befall thts Nation, its commerce, and its industries if the St. Lawrence project should be constructed. The address is as follows: Ladies and gentlemen, I ara opposed to the St. Lawrence project because I represent thousands of coal miners and rallroaders in the great State of Pennsyivanta whose jots will be seriously meneced by the proposed International ditch. The people of Pennayl- vania are not selfish; hence I am not going t spend the time allotted to me tn describ- tng the devastating effect that the St. Law- rence project will have on the State of Penn- syivania. Instead, tt ls my purpose to dis- cuss the effect that the proposed St. Law- Tance project will have on the economic life of the entire United States. In the interest of clarity of thought, let ‘us remember that the proposed St. Lawrence project is divided into two component parte— first, as 2 seaway which contempiates the establishment of a ¥7-foot channel from the mouth of the Bt. Lawrence River to Duluth, Minn., a distance of 1,677 miles. While utilt- wation of existing facilities will lessen the construction work in sume of the area, the greatest and most costly portion of the work remains to be done. This will necessitate the construction of a series of channels, canals, and large dane. The second part of the St. Lawrence proj-