SEC. 2. CLIMATE RESILIENCY, SECURITY, AND SOURCE 
WATER PROTECTION PLANNING. 
Section 1433 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 
U.S.C. 300i–2) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 1433. CLIMATE RESILIENCY, SECURITY, AND SOURCE 
WATER PROTECTION. 
‘‘(a) SOURCE WATER AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 24 months 
after the date of enactment of the Secure and Resil-
ient Water Systems Act, each community water sys-
tem shall submit to the Administrator source water 
and distribution system vulnerability assessments. 
‘‘(2) IDENTIFICATION
OF
THREATS.—Assess-
ments submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
identify— 
‘‘(A) threats to the community water sys-
tem’s source water from industrial activity, 
pipelines and storage tanks, contaminated sites, 
agricultural activity, and oil and gas explo-
ration; 
‘‘(B) threats to the community water sys-
tem’s source water and distribution system 
from climate change, extreme weather, drought, 
and temperature changes; and 
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‘‘(C) threats to the community water sys-
tem’s source water and distribution system 
from intentional acts, including intentional con-
tamination, sabotage, and theft of any chemical 
of interest (as designated under Appendix A to 
part 27 of title 6, Code of Federal Regulations, 
or any successor thereto). 
‘‘(3) ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES.—Assess-
ments submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall in-
clude a comparison of the disinfection methods used 
by the community water system and reasonably 
available alternative disinfection methods, including 
a determination of whether reasonably available al-
ternative disinfection methods could reduce the com-
munity water system’s vulnerability to the threats 
identified pursuant to paragraph (2). 
‘‘(4) PERIODIC REVIEW AND RESUBMISSION.— 
Each community water system submitting a vulner-
ability assessment pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
review, revise as necessary, and resubmit such as-
sessment not less often than every 5 years. 
‘‘(5) GUIDANCE.—Not later than one year after 
the date of enactment of the Secure and Resilient 
Water Systems Act, the Administrator shall provide 
guidance to community water systems for the prepa-
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ration of vulnerability assessments under this sub-
section. 
‘‘(b) SOURCE WATER AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 
PROTECTION PLANS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 4 years 
after the date of enactment of the Secure and Resil-
ient Water Systems Act, each community water sys-
tem shall submit to the Administrator source water 
and distribution system protection plans. 
‘‘(2) MITIGATION OF IDENTIFIED THREATS.— 
Plans submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall 
identify strategies and resources to mitigate the 
threats identified in assessments prepared pursuant 
to subsection (a). 
‘‘(3) 
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
PLANNING.— 
Plans submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall in-
clude specific emergency response plans for the 
threats identified in assessments prepared pursuant 
to subsection (a). 
‘‘(4) PERIODIC REVIEW AND RESUBMISSION.— 
Each community water system submitting a plan 
pursuant to paragraph (1) shall review, revise as 
necessary, and resubmit such plan not less often 
than every 5 years. 
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‘‘(5) GUIDANCE.—Not later than one year after 
the date of enactment of the Secure and Resilient 
Water Systems Act, the Administrator shall provide 
guidance to community water systems for the prepa-
ration of plans under this subsection. 
‘‘(c) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND GRANTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish and implement a program, to be known as 
the Drinking Water Infrastructure Resiliency and 
Sustainability Program, under which the Adminis-
trator may award grants in each of fiscal years 2018 
through 2022 to owners or operators of community 
water systems for the purpose of increasing the re-
siliency or adaptability of the community water sys-
tems to threats identified pursuant to subsection (a). 
‘‘(2) USE OF FUNDS.—As a condition on receipt 
of a grant under this section, an owner or operator 
of a community water system shall agree to use the 
grant funds exclusively to assist in the planning, de-
sign, construction, implementation, operation, or 
maintenance of a program or project consistent with 
a plan developed pursuant to subsection (b). 
‘‘(3) PRIORITY.— 
‘‘(A) WATER SYSTEMS AT GREATEST AND 
MOST IMMEDIATE RISK.—In selecting grantees 
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under this subsection, the Administrator shall 
give priority to applicants that are owners or 
operators of community water systems that are, 
based on the best available research and data, 
at the greatest and most immediate risk of fac-
ing significant negative impacts due to threats 
described in subsection (a)(2). 
‘‘(B) GOALS.—In selecting among appli-
cants described in subparagraph (A), the Ad-
ministrator shall ensure that, to the maximum 
extent practicable, the final list of applications 
funded for each year includes a substantial 
number that propose to use innovative ap-
proaches to meet one or more of the following 
goals: 
‘‘(i) Promoting more efficient water 
use, water conservation, water reuse, or 
water recycling. 
‘‘(ii) Using decentralized, low-impact 
development 
technologies 
and 
non-
structural approaches, including practices 
that use, enhance, or mimic the natural 
hydrological cycle or protect natural flows. 
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