that relate to protecting individuals on any 
such basis; and 
(B) in which at least one party alleging a 
violation described in subparagraph (A) is one 
or more individuals (or their authorized rep-
resentative), including one or more individuals 
seeking certification as a class under rule 23 of 
the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or a com-
parable rule or provision of State law. 
(4) The term ‘‘consumer dispute’’ means a dis-
pute between— 
(A) one or more individuals who seek or 
acquire real or personal property, services (in-
cluding services related to digital technology), 
securities or other investments, money, or credit 
for personal, family, or household purposes in-
cluding an individual or individuals who seek 
certification as a class under rule 23 of the 
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or a com-
parable rule or provision of State law; and 
(B)(i) the seller or provider of such prop-
erty, services, securities or other investments, 
money, or credit; or 
(ii) a third party involved in the selling, 
providing of, payment for, receipt or use of in-
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formation about, or other relationship to any 
such property, services, securities or other in-
vestments, money, or credit. 
(5) The term ‘‘employment dispute’’ means a 
dispute between one or more individuals (or their 
authorized representative) and a person arising out 
of or related to the work relationship or prospective 
work relationship between them, including a dispute 
regarding the terms of or payment for, advertising 
of, recruiting for, referring of, arranging for, or dis-
cipline or discharge in connection with, such work, 
regardless of whether the individual is or would be 
classified as an employee or an independent con-
tractor with respect to such work, and including a 
dispute arising under any law referred to or de-
scribed in section 62(e) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, including parts of such law not explic-
itly referenced in such section but that relate to pro-
tecting individuals on any such basis, and including 
a dispute in which an individual or individuals seek 
certification as a class under rule 23 of the Federal 
Rules of Civil Procedure or as a collective action 
under section 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards 
Act, or a comparable rule or provision of State law. 
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(6) The term ‘‘predispute arbitration agree-
ment’’ means an agreement to arbitrate a dispute 
that has not yet arisen at the time of the making 
of the agreement. 
(7) The term ‘‘predispute joint-action waiver’’ 
means an agreement, whether or not part of a 
predispute arbitration agreement, that would pro-
hibit, or waive the right of, one of the parties to the 
agreement to participate in a joint, class, or collec-
tive action in a judicial, arbitral, administrative, or 
other forum, concerning a dispute that has not yet 
arisen at the time of the making of the agreement. 
(d) APPLICATION.—This section shall apply with re-
spect to any dispute or claim that arises or accrues on 
or after the date on which the covered emergency period 
began. 
(e) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to prohibit the use of arbitration 
on a voluntary basis after the dispute arises. 
Æ 
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