(d) IDENTIFICATION
OF RECONVERTING BANK.—A 
bank shall identify itself as a reconverting bank on any sub-
stitute check for which the bank is a reconverting bank so 
as to preserve any previous reconverting bank identifica-
tions in conformance with generally applicable industry 
standards.
(e) APPLICABLE LAW.—A substitute check that is the 
legal equivalent of the original check under subsection (b) 
shall be subject to any provision, including any provision 
relating to the protection of customers, of part 229 of title 
12 of the Code of Federal Regulations, the Uniform Com-
mercial Code, and any other applicable Federal or State 
law as if such substitute check were the original check, to 
the extent such provision of law is not inconsistent with 
this Act. 
SEC. 4. SUBSTITUTE CHECK WARRANTIES. 
A bank that transfers, presents, or returns a substitute 
check and receives consideration for the check warrants, as 
a matter of law, to the transferee, any subsequent collecting 
or returning bank, the depositary bank, the drawee, the 
drawer, the payee, the depositor, and any endorser (regard-
less of whether the warrantee receives the substitute check 
or another paper or electronic form of the substitute check 
or original check) that—
(1) the substitute check meets all the require-
ments for legal equivalence under section 3(b); and 
(2) no depositary bank, drawee, drawer, or en-
dorser will receive presentment or return of the sub-
stitute check, the original check, or a copy or other 
paper or electronic version of the substitute check or 
original check such that the bank, drawee, drawer, or 
endorser will be asked to make a payment based on 
a check that the bank, drawee, drawer, or endorser 
has already paid. 
SEC. 5. INDEMNITY. 
(a) INDEMNITY.—A reconverting bank and each bank 
that subsequently transfers, presents, or returns a substitute 
check in any electronic or paper form, and receives consid-
eration for such transfer, presentment, or return shall in-
demnify the transferee, any subsequent collecting or return-
ing bank, the depositary bank, the drawee, the drawer, the 
payee, the depositor, and any endorser, up to the amount 
described in subsections (b) and (c), as applicable, to the 
extent of any loss incurred by any recipient of a substitute 
check if that loss occurred due to the receipt of a substitute 
check instead of the original check. 
(b) INDEMNITY AMOUNT.—
(1) AMOUNT
IN
EVENT
OF
BREACH
OF
WAR-
RANTY.—The amount of the indemnity under sub-
section (a) shall be the amount of any loss (including 
costs and reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses 
of representation) proximately caused by a breach of 
a warranty provided under section 4. 
(2) AMOUNT IN ABSENCE OF BREACH OF WAR-
RANTY.—In the absence of a breach of a warranty 
provided under section 4, the amount of the indem-
nity under subsection (a) shall be the sum of—
(A) the amount of any loss, up to the 
amount of the substitute check; and 
(B) interest and expenses (including costs 
and reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses 
of representation). 
(c) COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE.—If a loss described in 
subsection (a) results in whole or in part from the neg-
ligence or failure to act in good faith on the part of an 
indemnified party, then that party’s indemnification under 
this section shall be reduced in proportion to the amount 
of negligence or bad faith attributable to that party. 
(d) EFFECT
OF PRODUCING ORIGINAL CHECK
OR 
COPY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—If the indemnifying bank pro-
duces the original check or a copy of the original 
check (including an image or a substitute check) that 
accurately represents all of the information on the
front and back of the original check (as of the time 
the original check was truncated) or is otherwise suf-
ficient to determine whether or not a claim is valid, 
the indemnifying bank shall—
(A) be liable under this section only for 
losses covered by the indemnity that are incurred 
up to the time the original check or such copy 
is provided to the indemnified party; and 
(B) have a right to the return of any funds 
the bank has paid under the indemnity in excess 
of those losses. 
(2) COORDINATION OF INDEMNITY WITH IMPLIED 
WARRANTY.—The production of the original check, a 
substitute check, or a copy under paragraph (1) by an 
indemnifying bank shall not absolve the bank from 
any liability on a warranty established under this 
Act or any other provision of law. 
(e) SUBROGATION OF RIGHTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Each indemnifying bank shall 
be subrogated to the rights of any indemnified party 
to the extent of the indemnity. 
(2) RECOVERY UNDER WARRANTY.—A bank that 
indemnifies a party under this section may attempt 
to recover from another party based on a warranty 
or other claim.
(3) DUTY
OF
INDEMNIFIED
PARTY.—Each in-
demnified party shall have a duty to comply with all 
reasonable requests for assistance from an indem-
nifying bank in connection with any claim the in-
demnifying bank brings against a warrantor or other 
party related to a check that forms the basis for the 
indemnification. 
SEC. 6. EXPEDITED RECREDIT FOR CONSUMERS. 
(a) RECREDIT CLAIMS.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—A consumer may make a 
claim for expedited recredit from the bank that holds 
the account of the consumer with respect to a sub-
stitute check, if the consumer asserts in good faith 
that—
(A) the bank charged the consumer’s ac-
count for a substitute check that was provided to 
the consumer; 
(B) either—
(i) the check was not properly charged 
to the consumer’s account; or 
(ii) the consumer has a warranty 
claim with respect to such substitute check; 
(C) the consumer suffered a resulting loss; 
and
(D) the production of the original check or 
a better copy of the original check is necessary 
to determine the validity of any claim described 
in subparagraph (B). 
(2) 30-DAY
PERIOD.—Any claim under para-
graph (1) with respect to a consumer account may be
submitted by a consumer before the end of the 30-
day period beginning on the later of—
(A) the date on which the consumer receives 
the periodic statement of account for such ac-
count which contains information concerning the 
transaction giving rise to the claim; or
(B) the date the substitute check is made 
available to the consumer. 
(3) 
EXTENSION
UNDER
EXTENUATING
CIR-
CUMSTANCES.—If the consumer’s ability to submit the 
claim within the 30-day period under paragraph (2) 
is delayed due to extenuating circumstances, includ-
ing extended travel or the illness of the consumer, the 
30-day period shall be extended for a total not to ex-
ceed 30 additional days. 
(b) PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—To make a claim for an expe-
dited recredit under subsection (a) with respect to a
substitute check, the consumer shall provide to the 
bank that holds the account of such consumer—
(A) a description of the claim, including an 
explanation of—
(i) why the substitute check was not 
properly charged to the consumer’s account; 
or 
(ii) the warranty claim with respect to 
such check; 
(B) a statement that the consumer suffered 
a loss and an estimate of the amount of the loss; 
(C) the reason why production of the origi-
nal check or a better copy of the original check 
is necessary to determine the validity of the 
charge to the consumer’s account or the warranty 
claim; and 
(D) sufficient information to identify the 
substitute check and to investigate the claim. 
(2) CLAIM IN WRITING.—The bank holding the 
consumer account that is the subject of a claim by the 
consumer under subsection (a) may, in the discretion 
of the bank, require the consumer to submit the infor-
mation required under paragraph (1) in writing. 
(c) RECREDIT TO CONSUMER.—
(1) CONDITIONS FOR RECREDIT.—The bank shall 
recredit a consumer account in accordance with para-
graph (2) for the amount of a substitute check that 
was charged against the consumer account if—
(A) a consumer submits a claim to the bank 
with respect to that substitute check that meets 
the requirement of subsection (b); and 
(B) the bank has not provided to the con-
sumer the original check, a substitute check, or a 
copy of the original check and demonstrates that 
the substitute check was properly charged to the 
consumer’s account. 
(2) TIMING OF RECREDIT.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The bank shall recredit 
the consumer’s account for the amount described 
in paragraph (1) no later than the end of the 
business day following the business day on which 
the bank determines the consumer’s claim is 
valid. 
(B) RECREDIT PENDING INVESTIGATION.—
If the bank has not yet determined that the con-
sumer’s claim is valid before the end of the 10th 
business day after the business day on which the 
consumer submitted the claim, the bank shall re-
credit the consumer’s account for—
(i) the lesser of the amount of the sub-
stitute check that was charged against the 
consumer account, or $2,500, together with 
interest if the account is an interest-bearing 
account, no later than the end of such 10th 
business day; and 
(ii) the remaining amount of the sub-
stitute check that was charged against the 
consumer account, if any, together with in-
terest if the account is an interest-bearing 
account, not later than the 45th calendar 
day following the business day on which the 
consumer submits the claim. 
(d) AVAILABILITY OF RECREDIT.—
(1) NEXT BUSINESS DAY AVAILABILITY.—Except 
as provided in paragraph (2), a bank that provides 
a recredit to a consumer account under subsection (c) 
shall make the recredited funds available for with-
drawal by the consumer by the start of the next busi-
ness day after the business day on which the bank re-
credits the consumer’s account under subsection (c). 
(2) SAFEGUARD
EXCEPTIONS.—A bank may 
delay availability to a consumer of a recredit pro-
vided under subsection (c)(2)(B)(i) until the start of 
either the business day following the business day on
which the bank determines that the consumer’s claim 
is valid or the 45th calendar day following the busi-
ness day on which the consumer submits a claim for 
such recredit in accordance with subsection (b), 
whichever is earlier, in any of the following cir-
cumstances: 
(A) NEW ACCOUNTS.—The claim is made 
during the 30-day period beginning on the busi-
ness day the consumer account was established. 
(B) REPEATED OVERDRAFTS.—Without re-
gard to the charge that is the subject of the claim 
for which the recredit was made—
(i) on 6 or more business days during 
the 6-month period ending on the date on 
which the consumer submits the claim, the 
balance in the consumer account was nega-
tive or would have become negative if checks 
or other charges to the account had been 
paid; or 
(ii) on 2 or more business days during 
such 6-month period, the balance in the con-
sumer account was negative or would have 
become negative in the amount of $5,000 or 
more if checks or other charges to the ac-
count had been paid.
(C) PREVENTION OF FRAUD LOSSES.—The 
bank has reasonable cause to believe that the 
claim is fraudulent, based on facts (other than 
the fact that the check in question or the con-
sumer is of a particular class) that would cause
a well-grounded belief in the mind of a reason-
able person that the claim is fraudulent. 
(3) OVERDRAFT FEES.—No bank that, in accord-
ance with paragraph (2), delays the availability of a 
recredit under subsection (c) to any consumer account 
may impose any overdraft fees with respect to drafts 
drawn by the consumer on such recredited amount be-
fore the end of the 5-day period beginning on the date 
notice of the delay in the availability of such amount 
is sent by the bank to the consumer. 
(e) REVERSAL OF RECREDIT.—A bank may reverse a 
recredit to a consumer account if the bank—
(1) determines that a substitute check for which 
the bank recredited a consumer account under sub-
section (c) was in fact properly charged to the con-
sumer account; and 
(2) notifies the consumer in accordance with sub-
section (f)(3). 
(f) NOTICE TO CONSUMER.—
(1) NOTICE IF CONSUMER CLAIM NOT VALID.—If 
a bank determines that a substitute check subject to 
the consumer’s claim was in fact properly charged to 
the consumer’s account, the bank shall send to the 
consumer, no later than the business day following the 
business day on which the bank makes a determina-
tion—
(A) the original check or a copy of the origi-
nal check (including an image or a substitute 
check) that—
(i) accurately represents all of the in-
formation on the front and back of the 
original check (as of the time the original 
check was truncated); or 
(ii) is otherwise sufficient to determine 
whether or not the consumer’s claim is 
valid; and 
(B) an explanation of the basis for the de-
termination by the bank that the substitute check 
was properly charged, including copies of any 
information or documents on which the bank re-
lied in making the determination. 
(2) NOTICE OF RECREDIT.—If a bank recredits a 
consumer account under subsection (c), the bank shall 
send to the consumer, no later than the business day
following the business day on which the bank makes 
the recredit, a notice of—
(A) the amount of the recredit; and 
(B) the date the recredited funds will be 
available for withdrawal. 
(3) NOTICE OF REVERSAL OF RECREDIT.—In ad-
dition to the notice required under paragraph (1), if 
a bank reverses a recredited amount under subsection 
(e), the bank shall send to the consumer, no later than 
the business day following the business day on which 
the bank reverses the recredit, a notice of—
(A) the amount of the reversal; and 
(B) the date the recredit was reversed. 
(4) MODE OF DELIVERY.—A notice described in 
this subsection shall be delivered by United States 
mail or by any other means through which the con-
sumer has agreed to receive account information. 
(g) OTHER CLAIMS NOT AFFECTED.—Providing a re-
credit in accordance with this section shall not absolve the 
bank from liability for a claim made under any other law, 
such as a claim for wrongful dishonor under the Uniform 
Commercial Code, or from liability for additional damages 
under section 5 or 9.
(h) CLARIFICATION CONCERNING CONSUMER POSSES-
SION.—A consumer who was provided a substitute check
may make a claim for an expedited recredit under this sec-
tion with regard to a transaction involving the substitute 
check whether or not the consumer is in possession of the 
substitute check. 
(i) SCOPE OF APPLICATION.—This section shall only 
apply to customers who are consumers. 
SEC. 7. EXPEDITED RECREDIT PROCEDURES FOR BANKS. 
(a) RECREDIT CLAIMS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—A bank may make a claim 
against an indemnifying bank for expedited recredit 
for which that bank is indemnified if—
(A) the claimant bank (or a bank that the 
claimant bank has indemnified) has received a 
claim for expedited recredit from a consumer 
under section 6 with respect to a substitute check 
or would have been subject to such a claim had 
the consumer’s account been charged; 
(B) the claimant bank has suffered a result-
ing loss or is obligated to recredit a consumer ac-
count under section 6 with respect to such sub-
stitute check; and 
(C) production of the original check, an-
other substitute check, or a better copy of the 
original check is necessary to determine the va-
lidity of the charge to the customer account or
any warranty claim connected with such sub-
stitute check. 
(2) 120-DAY PERIOD.—Any claim under para-
graph (1) may be submitted by the claimant bank to 
an indemnifying bank before the end of the 120-day 
beginning on the date of the transaction that gave rise 
to the claim. 
(b) PROCEDURES FOR CLAIMS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—To make a claim under sub-
section (a) for an expedited recredit relating to a sub-
stitute check, the claimant bank shall send to the in-
demnifying bank—
(A) a description of—
(i) the claim, including an explanation 
of why the substitute check cannot be prop-
erly charged to the consumer account; or 
(ii) the warranty claim; 
(B) a statement that the claimant bank has 
suffered a loss or is obligated to recredit the con-
sumer’s account under section 6, together with 
an estimate of the amount of the loss or recredit; 
(C) the reason why production of the origi-
nal check, another substitute check, or a better 
copy of the original check is necessary to deter-
mine the validity of the charge to the consumer 
account or the warranty claim; and 
(D) information sufficient for the indem-
nifying bank to identify the substitute check and 
to investigate the claim.
(2) REQUIREMENTS
RELATING
TO
COPIES
OF 
SUBSTITUTE CHECKS.—If the information submitted 
by a claimant bank pursuant to paragraph (1) in 
connection with a claim for an expedited recredit in-
cludes a copy of any substitute check for which any 
such claim is made, the claimant bank shall take rea-
sonable steps to ensure that any such copy cannot 
be—
(A) mistaken for the legal equivalent of the 
check under section 3(b); or 
(B) sent or handled by any bank, including 
the indemnifying bank, as a forward collection 
or returned check. 
(3) CLAIM IN WRITING.—An indemnifying bank 
may, in the bank’s discretion, require the claimant 
bank to submit in writing the information required 
by paragraph (1), including a copy of the written 
claim, if any, that the consumer submitted in accord-
ance with section 6(b). 
(c) RECREDIT BY INDEMNIFYING BANK.—
(1) PROMPT ACTION REQUIRED.—No later than 
10 business days after the business day on which an 
indemnifying bank receives a claim under subsection 
(a) from a claimant bank with respect to a substitute 
check, the indemnifying bank shall—
(A) provide, to the claimant bank, the origi-
nal check (with respect to such substitute check) 
or a copy of the original check (including an 
image or a substitute check) that—
(i) accurately represents all of the in-
formation on the front and back of the 
original check (as of the time the original 
check was truncated); or 
(ii) is otherwise sufficient to determine 
the bank’s claim is not valid; and 
(B) recredit the claimant bank for the 
amount of the claim up to the amount of the sub-
stitute check, plus interest if applicable; or 
(C) provide information to the claimant 
bank as to why the indemnifying bank is not ob-
ligated to comply with subparagraph (A) or (B). 
(2) RECREDIT DOES NOT ABROGATE OTHER LI-
ABILITIES.—Providing a recredit under this sub-
section to a claimant bank with respect to a substitute 
check shall not absolve the indemnifying bank from li-
ability for claims brought under any other law or 
from additional damages under section 5 or 9 with 
respect to such check. 
(3) REFUND
TO
INDEMNIFYING
BANK.—If a 
claimant bank reverses, in accordance with section 
6(e), a recredit previously made to a consumer ac-
count under section 6(c), or otherwise receives a credit 
or recredit with regard to such substitute check, the 
claimant bank shall promptly refund to any indem-
nifying bank any amount previously advanced by the 
indemnifying bank in connection with such substitute 
check. 
(d) PRODUCTION OF ORIGINAL CHECK OR A SUFFI-
CIENT COPY GOVERNED BY SECTION 5(d).—If the indem-
nifying bank provides the claimant bank with the original 
check or a copy of the original check (including an image 
or a substitute check) under subsection (c)(1)(A), section 
5(d) shall govern any right of the indemnifying bank to 
any repayment of any funds the indemnifying bank has 
recredited to the claimant bank pursuant to subsection (c). 
SEC. 8. DELAYS IN AN EMERGENCY. 
Delay by a bank beyond the time limits prescribed or 
permitted by this Act is excused if the delay is caused by 
interruption of communication or computer facilities, sus-
pension of payments by another bank, war, emergency con-
ditions, failure of equipment, or other circumstances beyond 
the control of a bank and if the bank uses such diligence 
as the circumstances require. 
SEC. 9. MEASURE OF DAMAGES. 
(a) LIABILITY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in section 
5, any person who, in connection with a substitute 
check, breaches any warranty under this Act or fails 
to comply with any requirement imposed by, or regu-
lation prescribed pursuant to, this Act with respect to 
any other person shall be liable to such person in an 
amount equal to the sum of—
(A) the lesser of—
(i) the amount of the loss suffered by 
the other person as a result of the breach or 
failure; or 
(ii) the amount of the substitute check; 
and 
(B) interest and expenses (including costs 
and reasonable attorney’s fees and other expenses 
of representation) related to the substitute check. 
(2) OFFSET
OF
RECREDITS.—The amount of 
damages any person receives under paragraph (1), if 
any, shall be reduced by the amount, if any, that the
claimant receives and retains as a recredit under sec-
tion 6 or 7. 
(b) COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE.—If a person incurs 
damages that resulted in whole or in part from the neg-
ligence or failure of that person to act in good faith, then 
the amount of any liability due to that person under sub-
section (a) shall be reduced in proportion to the amount 
of negligence or bad faith attributable to that person. 
SEC. 10. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS AND NOTICE OF CLAIM. 
(a) ACTIONS UNDER THIS ACT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—An action to enforce a claim 
under this Act may be brought in any United States 
district court, or in any other court of competent ju-
risdiction, before the end of the 1-year period begin-
ning on the date the cause of action accrues.
(2) ACCRUAL.—A cause of action accrues as of 
the date the injured party first learns, or by which 
such person reasonably should have learned, of the 
facts and circumstances giving rise to the cause of ac-
tion. 
(b) DISCHARGE OF CLAIMS.—Except as provided in 
subsection (c), unless a person gives notice of a claim to 
the indemnifying or warranting bank within 30 days after 
the person has reason to know of the claim and the identity 
of the indemnifying or warranting bank, the indemnifying
or warranting bank is discharged to the extent of any loss 
caused by the delay in giving notice of the claim. 
(c) NOTICE OF CLAIM BY CONSUMER.—A timely claim 
by a consumer under section 6 for expedited recredit con-
stitutes timely notice of a claim by the consumer for pur-
poses of subsection (b).
SEC. 11. CONSUMER AWARENESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Each bank shall provide, in accord-
ance with subsection (b), a brief notice about substitute 
checks that describes—
(1) the process of check substitution and how the 
process may be different than the check clearing proc-
ess with which the consumer may be familiar; and
(2) a description of the consumer recredit rights 
established under section 6 when a consumer believes 
in good faith that a substitute check was not properly 
charged to the consumer’s account. 
(b) DISTRIBUTION.—
(1) EXISTING CUSTOMERS.—With respect to con-
sumers that are customers of a bank on the effective 
date of this Act, a bank shall provide the notice de-
scribed in subsection (a) to each such consumer no 
later than the first regularly scheduled communica-
tion with the consumer after the effective date of this 
Act.
(2) NEW ACCOUNT HOLDERS.—A bank shall pro-
vide the notice described in subsection (a) to each con-
sumer, other than existing customers referred to in 
paragraph (1), at the time at which the customer re-
lationship is initiated. 
(3) MODE OF DELIVERY.—A bank may send the 
notices required by this subsection by United States 
mail or by any other means through which the con-
sumer has agreed to receive account information. 
(c) MODEL LANGUAGE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—No later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Board shall publish 
model forms and clauses that a depository institution 
may use to describe each of the elements required by 
subsection (a). 
(2) SAFE HARBOR.—A bank shall be treated as 
being in compliance with the requirements of sub-
section (a) if the bank’s substitute check notice uses a 
model form or clause published by the Board and such 
model form or clause accurately describes the bank’s 
policies and practices. A bank may delete any infor-
mation in the model form or clause that is not re-
quired by this Act or rearrange the format. 
(3) USE OF MODEL LANGUAGE NOT REQUIRED.—
This section shall not be construed as requiring any
bank to use a model form or clause that the Board 
prepares under this subsection. 
SEC. 12. EFFECT ON OTHER LAW. 
This Act shall supersede any provision of Federal or 
State law, including the Uniform Commercial Code, that 
is inconsistent with this Act, but only to the extent of the 
inconsistency. 
SEC. 13. VARIATION BY AGREEMENT. 
(a) SECTION 7.—Any provision of section 7 may be 
varied by agreement of the banks involved. 
(b) NO OTHER PROVISIONS MAY BE VARIED.—Except 
as provided in subsection (a), no provision of this Act may 
be varied by agreement of any person or persons. 
SEC. 14. REGULATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Board may, by regulation, 
clarify or otherwise implement the provisions of this Act 
or may modify the requirements imposed by this Act with 
respect to substitute checks to further the purposes of this 
Act, including reducing risk, accommodating technological 
or other developments, and alleviating undue compliance 
burdens.
(b) BOARD MONITORING OF CHECK COLLECTION AND 
RETURN PROCESS; ADJUSTMENT OF TIME PERIODS.—
(1) MONITORING OF CHECK COLLECTION AND RE-
TURN PROCESS.—The Board shall monitor the extent 
to which—
(A) original checks are converted to sub-
stitute checks in the check collection and return 
process, and 
(B) checks are collected and returned elec-
tronically rather than in paper form. 
(2) ADJUSTMENT OF TIME PERIODS.—The Board 
shall exercise the Board’s authority under section 
603(d)(1) of the Expedited Funds Availability Act to 
reduce the time periods applicable under subsections 
(b) and (e) of section 603 of such Act for making 
funds available for withdrawal, when warranted. 
(c) PUBLICATION
OF SCHEDULE
BY BOARD
FOR 
CHECK TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.—Section 11A(b) of 
the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 248a(b)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(7); 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (8) as para-
graph (9); and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (7) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) check transportation services; and’’.
SEC. 15. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act shall take effect at the end of the 18-month 
period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, 
except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act.
Union Calendar No. 67
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 1474
[Report No. 108–132] 
A BILL 
To facilitate check truncation by authorizing sub-
stitute checks, to foster innovation in the check 
collection system without mandating receipt of 
checks in electronic form, and to improve the 
overall efficiency of the Nation’s payments sys-
tem, and for other purposes. 
JUNE 2, 2003
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Com-
mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, 
and ordered to be printed