datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
•HRES 1111 IH 
Whereas United States taxpayers have provided $45 billion in 
funding for the reconstruction in Iraq; 
Whereas world oil prices have reached more than $111 a bar-
rel; 
Whereas consumers in the United States are paying record 
gas prices of approximately $3.29 a gallon; 
Whereas the United States Government spends $153 million 
per month on fuel in Iraq, at approximately $3.23 per 
gallon for gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel while Iraqis pay 
$1.30 per gallon for fuel; 
Whereas when the war began, Deputy Secretary of Defense 
Paul Wolfowitz said, ‘‘We’re dealing with a country that 
can really finance its own reconstruction, and relatively 
soon’’; 
Whereas Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld testified be-
fore the Senate Appropriations Committee on March 27, 
2003, that, ‘‘When it comes to reconstruction, before we 
turn to the American taxpayer, we will turn first to the 
resources of the Iraqi government and the international 
community’’; 
Whereas Iraq has the world’s second largest proven oil re-
serves that hold more than 112 billion barrels of oil; 
Whereas, due to high oil prices and expanded oil production, 
it has been predicted that the Government of Iraq is like-
ly to experience an enormous revenue windfall; 
Whereas, based on oil revenues, it is predicted that the Gov-
ernment of Iraq’s budget surplus is expected to top $180 
billion over the next three years; 
Whereas in January 2008, the Government Accountability 
Office issued a report stating that, according to Iraq’s of-
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•HRES 1111 IH 
ficial expenditure reports, the Government of Iraq had 
spent only 4.4 percent of its $10.1 billion investment 
budget as of August 2007; 
Whereas Iraq has not made satisfactory progress toward 
achieving the political benchmarks established by the 
United States Congress; and 
Whereas the Government of Iraq needs to invest in the future 
of Iraq by paying all future costs of reconstruction, train-
ing of security forces and fuel: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Rep-
resentatives that— 
(1) any funding provided by the United States 
to the Government of Iraq for reconstruction, train-
ing for Iraqi security forces, and fuel for United 
States operations in Iraq should be provided in the 
form of loans; and 
(2) the United States Government should work 
with the Government of Iraq to ensure that the Gov-
ernment of Iraq obligates its own budget surplus for 
reconstruction projects before reconstruction aid 
from the United States is obligated. 
Æ 
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•HRES 1112 EH 
Whereas over 50 percent of all federally managed fisheries 
species in the U.S. depend upon coral reefs for part of 
their life cycle; 
Whereas coral reef systems provide for one-fourth of the total 
fish catch in the developing world; 
Whereas coral reefs around the world are confronted by many 
grave threats, including destructive fishing methods, 
damage by marine vessels and divers, development, pollu-
tion, ocean acidification, increasing sea temperatures, 
bleaching, and invasive species; and 
Whereas increased public awareness, as well as public and 
private investment, can prevent the further degradation 
of the world’s coral reef systems in order to preserve this 
precious resource for future generations: Now, therefore, 
be it 
Resolved, That the United States House of Representa-
tives— 
(1) recognizes the International Year of the Reef; 
(2) supports strong programs in environmental and 
marine research at the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration and other Federal agencies to bet-
ter understand the threats faced by coral reef systems; 
(3) supports the efforts of the International Coral 
Reef Initiative to promote public awareness and encour-
age public stewardship of the world’s coral reefs; and
•HRES 1112 EH 
(4) encourages further research and development ef-
forts to preserve coral reefs around the world. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
H. Res. 1113 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
May 7, 2008. 
Whereas Mother’s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday of 
each May; 
Whereas the first official Mother’s Day was observed on May 
10, 1908, in Grafton, West Virginia, and Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania; 
Whereas 2008 is the 100th anniversary of the first official 
Mother’s Day observation; 
Whereas in 1908, Elmer Burkett, a U.S. senator from Ne-
braska, proposed making Mother’s Day a national holi-
day; 
Whereas in 1914, Congress passed a resolution designating 
the second Sunday of May as Mother’s Day; 
Whereas it is estimated that there are more than 82,000,000 
mothers in the United States; 
Whereas mothers have made immeasurable contributions to-
ward building strong families, thriving communities, and 
ultimately a strong Nation; 
Whereas the services rendered to the children of the United 
States by their mothers have strengthened and inspired 
the Nation throughout its history;
•HRES 1113 EH 
Whereas we honor ourselves and mothers in the United 
States when we revere and emphasize the importance of 
the role of the home and family as the true foundation 
of the Nation; 
Whereas mothers continue to rise to the challenge of raising 
their families with love, understanding, and compassion, 
while overcoming the challenges of modern society; and 
Whereas May 11, 2008 is recognized as Mother’s Day: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives celebrates 
the role of mothers in the United States and supports the 
goals and ideals of Mother’s Day. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
•HRES 1113 IH 
Whereas it is estimated that there are more than 82,000,000 
mothers in the United States; 
Whereas mothers have made immeasurable contributions to-
ward building strong families, thriving communities, and 
ultimately a strong Nation; 
Whereas the services rendered to the children of the United 
States by their mothers have strengthened and inspired 
the Nation throughout its history; 
Whereas we honor ourselves and mothers in the United 
States when we revere and emphasize the importance of 
the role of the home and family as the true foundation 
of the Nation; 
Whereas mothers continue to rise to the challenge of raising 
their families with love, understanding, and compassion, 
while overcoming the challenges of modern society; and 
Whereas May 11, 2008 is recognized as Mother’s Day: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives cele-
brates the role of mothers in the United States and sup-
ports the goals and ideals of Mother’s Day. 
Æ 
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H. Res. 1114 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
June 3, 2008. 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation was founded in 1972 
and now has nearly 1,000,000 members; 
Whereas these members and the countless supporters of the 
Arbor Day Foundation continue to further the mission of 
the Foundation, which is to ‘‘inspire people to plant, nur-
ture, and celebrate trees’’; 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation manages the 260-acre 
Arbor Day Farm to serve as a model of environmental 
stewardship; 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation distributes more than 
10,000,000 trees annually through its Trees for America 
program; 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation has worked with the De-
partment of Agriculture’s Forest Service since 1990, 
helping to plant nearly 12,000,000 trees in national for-
ests damaged by fire, insects, or other causes; 
Whereas J. Sterling Morton recognized the need for trees in 
Nebraska and proposed a tree-planting holiday called 
‘‘Arbor Day’’ in 1872; 
Whereas the observation of Arbor Day soon spread to other 
States and is now observed nationally and in many other 
countries;
•HRES 1114 EH 
Whereas J. Sterling Morton once observed that ‘‘the cultiva-
tion of trees is the cultivation of the good, the beautiful, 
and the ennobling in man’’; and 
Whereas National Arbor Day, the last Friday in April, will 
be celebrated on April 25, 2008: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) supports the goals and ideals of the Arbor Day 
Foundation; and 
(2) requests that the President issue a proclamation 
calling upon the people of the United States to observe 
National Arbor Day with appropriate activities. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 1114 
Supporting the goals and ideals of the Arbor Day Foundation and National 
Arbor Day. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 16, 2008 
Mr. FORTENBERRY submitted the following resolution; which was referred to 
the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 
RESOLUTION 
Supporting the goals and ideals of the Arbor Day Foundation 
and National Arbor Day. 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation was founded in 1972 
and now has nearly 1,000,000 members; 
Whereas these members and the countless supporters of the 
Arbor Day Foundation continue to further the mission of 
the Foundation, which is to ‘‘inspire people to plant, nur-
ture, and celebrate trees’’; 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation manages the 260-acre 
Arbor Day Farm to serve as a model of environmental 
stewardship; 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation distributes more than 
10,000,000 trees annually through its Trees for America 
program; 
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•HRES 1114 IH 
Whereas the Arbor Day Foundation has worked with the De-
partment of Agriculture’s Forest Service since 1990, 
helping to plant nearly 12,000,000 trees in national for-
ests damaged by fire, insects, or other causes; 
Whereas J. Sterling Morton recognized the need for trees in 
Nebraska and proposed a tree-planting holiday called 
‘‘Arbor Day’’ in 1872; 
Whereas the observation of Arbor Day soon spread to other 
States and is now observed nationally and in many other 
countries; 
Whereas J. Sterling Morton once observed that ‘‘the cultiva-
tion of trees is the cultivation of the good, the beautiful, 
and the ennobling in man’’; and 
Whereas National Arbor Day, the last Friday in April, will 
be celebrated on April 25, 2008: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) supports the goals and ideals of the Arbor 
Day Foundation; and 
(2) requests that the President issue a procla-
mation calling upon the people of the United States 
to observe National Arbor Day with appropriate ac-
tivities. 
Æ 
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•HRES 1329 IH 
the efforts of the Iraqi people to exercise full national 
sovereignty, including control over security and public 
safety; and 
Whereas the Government of Iraq has stated its expectation 
that the United States Armed Forces should withdraw 
from Iraq and has emphasized the importance of the 
principle of setting a deadline or timetable for with-
drawal: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Rep-
resentatives that— 
(1) the United States should not maintain a 
military presence in Iraq without the approval of 
Congress; and 
(2) it should be the policy of the United States 
to accept the principle of setting a deadline or time-
table for withdrawal of United States military forces 
from Iraq. 
Æ 
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•HRES 1115 IH 
derstanding and appreciation of golf’s contributions to 
society; 
Whereas these professional and charitable organizations, 
known as the allied golf associations, have joined together 
to celebrate ‘‘National Golf Day’’ on April 16, 2008; 
Whereas golf annually attracts over 28,700,000 participants 
to over 16,000 public and private golf courses in the 
United States; 
Whereas the United States golf economy annually accounts 
for $76,000,000,000 worth of goods and services, gen-
erates a total economic impact of $195,000,000,000, and 
creates 
2,000,000 
jobs 
with 
wage 
income 
of 
$61,000,000,000; 
Whereas over 39,000,000 golf person trips are taken annu-
ally, generating over $18,000,000,000 in travel and tour-
ism expenditures; 
Whereas through the assistance and support of the allied golf 
associations and its members over $3,500,000,000 is 
raised annually for charity at golf courses throughout the 
United States; 
Whereas the allied golf associations strive to be stewards of 
the environment with such initiatives as using reclaimed 
water, limiting high maintenance turf grass to less than 
4 percent of a course, upgrading irrigation systems, pro-
viding open space for wildlife habitats, and partnering 
with organizations such as Audubon International to help 
manage property in an environmentally sensitive manner; 
Whereas the allied golf associations have a tradition of serv-
ing the military by offering golf programs for wounded 
military service members and leading fundraising efforts 
for military-related charities; and 
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•HRES 1115 IH 
Whereas April 16, 2008, would be an appropriate day to des-
ignate as ‘‘National Golf Day’’: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the United States House of Rep-
resentatives— 
(1) supports the designation of a ‘‘National 
Golf Day’’ to recognize the contributions golf makes 
to the United States; 
(2) commends the allied golf associations for 
their leadership in promoting the game of golf, their 
efforts to make golf accessible, and their support of 
charitable activities in the community; and 
(3) recognizes the recreational benefits of golf 
and the importance of golf to the economy of the 
United States. 
Æ 
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H. Res. 1119 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
April 30, 2008. 
Whereas National Volunteer Week will be observed during 
the week of April 27, 2008 through May 3, 2008; 
Whereas the National Volunteer Week will give Americans 
the opportunity to thank some of our Nation’s most valu-
able assets, our volunteers, and to recognize the myriad 
of ways they improve our communities; 
Whereas the theme of this year’s National Volunteer Week is 
‘‘Volunteer to Change the World’’, and is about engaging 
individuals in service, inspiring a Nation to join a move-
ment for change, and recognizing the deserving volun-
teers, including those that have received the President’s 
Volunteer Service Award, for their work in their local 
communities; 
Whereas National Volunteer Week began in 1974 when Presi-
dent Nixon signed an Executive Order establishing the 
week as an annual celebration of volunteering, and since 
then, every United States President, along with many 
governors, mayors, and other elected officials has signed 
a proclamation promoting National Volunteer Week; 
Whereas about 61,000,000 people volunteered through or for 
an organization at least once between September 2006 
and September 2007, according to a recent survey by the
H. Res. 1117 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
April 22, 2008. 
Whereas the need to educate Americans on the importance of 
stewardship of the environment led to the first Earth 
Day in 1970, the passage of a variety of environmental 
laws, and substantial environmental improvements over 
the intervening years; 
Whereas substantial air quality and other environmental 
problems persist in many areas of our country; 
Whereas today increasing numbers of Americans are con-
cerned with the relatively rapid changes in our environ-
ment and decreasing biodiversity; 
Whereas the need to improve our interaction with the envi-
ronment has led to the need for more sophisticated envi-
ronmental research and development of solutions to envi-
ronmental problems; 
Whereas today the importance of scientific evidence in mak-
ing correct decisions about environmental problems has 
never been more important; 
Whereas Earth Day activities increase our understanding of 
the environment and its relationship to our personal deci-
sions regarding energy conservation, use of renewable en-
ergy, use of natural resources, and recycling; and
•HRES 1117 EH 
Whereas Earth Day has become the preeminent day of envi-
ronmental celebrations, clean-ups, and educational events 
across the country: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) supports the goals and ideals of Earth Day and 
thanks the many organizers and participants across the 
country for their tireless efforts in support of the envi-
ronment; 
(2) encourages the Department of Energy to step 
up its efforts in research, development, and demonstra-
tion of renewable energy technology and energy con-
servation techniques; and 
(3) encourages all segments of American society to 
work together in ensuring that the research and develop-
ment necessary to uncover solutions to our major envi-
ronmental problems occurs in a timely manner. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
•HRES 1117 IH 
Whereas the need to improve our interaction with the envi-
ronment has led to the need for more sophisticated envi-
ronmental research and development of solutions to envi-
ronmental problems; 
Whereas today the importance of scientific evidence in mak-
ing correct decisions about environmental problems has 
never been more important; 
Whereas Earth Day activities increase our understanding of 
the environment and its relationship to our personal deci-
sions regarding energy conservation, use of renewable en-
ergy, use of natural resources, and recycling; and 
Whereas Earth Day has become the preeminent day of envi-
ronmental celebrations, clean-ups, and educational events 
across the country: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) supports the goals and ideals of Earth Day 
and thanks the many organizers and participants 
across the country for their tireless efforts in sup-
port of the environment; 
(2) encourages the Department of Energy to 
step up its efforts in research, development, and 
demonstration of renewable energy technology and 
energy conservation techniques; and 
(3) encourages all segments of American society 
to work together in ensuring that the research and 
development necessary to uncover solutions to our 
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•HRES 1117 IH 
major environmental problems occurs in a timely 
manner. 
Æ 
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H. Res. 1118 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
April 22, 2008. 
Whereas John Archibald Wheeler was born July 9, 1911, in 
Jacksonville, Florida; 
Whereas John Wheeler graduated from high school at age 15 
and earned a Ph.D. in physics from Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity at age 21; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler then moved to Copenhagen to work in 
the field of nuclear physics with pioneering physicist 
Niels Bohr; 
Whereas, while still in his 20s, Dr. Wheeler, then a Professor 
of Physics at Princeton, along with Dr. Bohr in 1939 
worked out the first explanation of how the newly discov-
ered nuclear fission actually worked; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler spent the war years at Hanford, Wash-
ington working on the theoretical understanding of nu-
clear reactions that led to production of plutonium for 
the bomb dropped on Nagasaki and later worked on the 
development of the American hydrogen bomb under 
Project Matterhorn B; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler then returned to Princeton where, after 
discussion with Albert Einstein, he switched from the 
study of nuclear physics to working on extending the the-
ory of general relativity, including in 1957 creating the
•HRES 1118 EH 
concept of wormholes to describe tunnels in space-time 
and in 1967 coining the term black hole as part of the 
theory of gravitational collapse; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was a visionary who could see farther 
on the horizon than most people by way of his physical 
intuition; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was a beloved academic who trained 
some of the best minds in the next generation of physi-
cists, a gifted communicator sometimes called a physics 
poet, and an active researcher for over 70 years; and 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was, in the words of Dr. Max Texmark, 
the last Titan, the only physics superhero still standing 
until the time of his death on April 13, 2008: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) honors the life and accomplishments of Pro-
fessor John Archibald Wheeler and expresses condo-
lences on his passing; and 
(2) recognizes the profound importance of Dr. 
Wheeler’s record as a pioneer in nuclear and theoretical 
physics and a long-time contributor to advancing man-
kind’s understanding of the nature and workings of the 
universe. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 1118 
Honoring the life and achievements of John Archibald Wheeler and expressing 
condolences on his passing. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 17, 2008 
Mr. FOSTER submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Science and Technology 
RESOLUTION 
Honoring the life and achievements of John Archibald 
Wheeler and expressing condolences on his passing. 
Whereas John Archibald Wheeler was born July 9, 1911, in 
Jacksonville, Florida; 
Whereas John Wheeler graduated from high school at age 15 
and earned a Ph.D. in physics from Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity at age 21; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler then moved to Copenhagen to work in 
the field of nuclear physics with pioneering physicist 
Niels Bohr; 
Whereas, while still in his 20s, Dr. Wheeler, then a Professor 
of Physics at Princeton, along with Dr. Bohr in 1939 
worked out the first explanation of how the newly discov-
ered nuclear fission actually worked; 
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•HRES 1118 IH 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler spent the war years at Hanford, Wash-
ington working on the theoretical understanding of nu-
clear reactions that led to production of plutonium for 
the bomb dropped on Nagasaki and later worked on the 
development of the American hydrogen bomb under 
Project Matterhorn B; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler then returned to Princeton where, after 
discussion with Albert Einstein, he switched from the 
study of nuclear physics to working on extending the the-
ory of general relativity, including in 1957 creating the 
concept of wormholes to describe tunnels in space-time 
and in 1967 coining the term black hole as part of the 
theory of gravitational collapse; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was a visionary who could see farther 
on the horizon than most people by way of his physical 
intuition; 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was a beloved academic who trained 
some of the best minds in the next generation of physi-
cists, a gifted communicator sometimes called a physics 
poet, and an active researcher for over 70 years; and 
Whereas Dr. Wheeler was, in the words of Dr. Max Texmark, 
the last Titan, the only physics superhero still standing 
until the time of his death on April 13, 2008: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) honors the life and accomplishments of Pro-
fessor John Archibald Wheeler and expresses condo-
lences on his passing; and 
(2) recognizes the profound importance of Dr. 
Wheeler’s record as a pioneer in nuclear and theo-
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