187 
quantity of zero-emission vehicle credits that 
the vehicle manufacturer failed to submit in vio-
lation of that subsection, as determined by the 
Administrator. 
‘‘(B) ENFORCEMENT.—The Administrator 
shall assess any civil penalty under subpara-
graph (A). 
‘‘(C) DEPOSIT.—With respect to any civil 
penalty paid to the Administrator pursuant to 
subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall de-
posit the amount in the Climate Fund estab-
lished by section 702(a) of the 100 by ’50 Act. 
‘‘(2) INJUNCTION.—After calendar year 2040, 
the Administrator may issue an injunction on the 
manufacture of any motor vehicles other than zero- 
emission vehicles by a vehicle manufacturer.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS AMENDMENT.—The table 
of contents of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. prec. 7401) 
is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to 
part A of title II the following: 
‘‘Sec. 220. Zero-emission vehicle standard.’’. 
SEC. 402. CARBON FEE FOR AVIATION, MARITIME TRANS-
PORTATION, AND RAIL. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CARBON
FEE.—The term ‘‘carbon fee’’ 
means the carbon fee imposed under subsection (b). 
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(2) CARBON
POLLUTING
SUBSTANCE.—The 
term ‘‘carbon polluting substance’’ means coal (in-
cluding lignite and peat), petroleum and any petro-
leum product, or natural gas that, when combusted 
or otherwise used, will release greenhouse gas emis-
sions. 
(3) COMMERCIAL AVIATION.—The term ‘‘com-
mercial aviation’’ means any aircraft operation in-
volving the transportation of passengers, cargo, or 
mail for hire. 
(4) MARITIME
TRANSPORTATION.—The term 
‘‘maritime transportation’’ means the shipment of 
goods, cargo, and people by sea and other water-
ways. 
(b) CARBON FEE.—The Secretary of the Treasury, 
in consultation with the Council, shall impose a carbon 
fee, in accordance with this section, on any owner or oper-
ator of an entity within the eligible sectors listed in sub-
section (d) to transition those sectors away from fossil fuel 
usage. 
(c) AMOUNT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The amount of the carbon 
fee shall be assessed per ton of carbon dioxide equiv-
alent (including carbon dioxide equivalent content of 
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methane) of the carbon polluting substance used as 
fuel, as determined by the Council. 
(2) FRACTIONAL PART OF TON.—In the case of 
a fraction of a ton of a carbon polluting substance, 
the carbon fee shall be the same fraction of the 
amount of the fee imposed on a whole ton of the car-
bon polluting substance. 
(3) APPLICABLE
AMOUNT.—For purposes of 
this subsection, the amount of the carbon fee shall 
be not less than the social cost of carbon, as deter-
mined by the Administrator. 
(d) ELIGIBLE SECTORS.—An owner or operator of an 
entity shall be subject to a carbon fee if the entity is a 
part of— 
(1) commercial aviation; 
(2) maritime transportation; or 
(3) rail. 
(e) USE OF COLLECTED CARBON FEE.—Funds col-
lected under this section shall be used, as determined by 
the Council, to establish or fund programs, including those 
established under section 406, to assist eligible sectors de-
scribed in subsection (d) with transitioning away from fos-
sil fuel usage. 
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SEC. 403. ACCELERATING THE DEPLOYMENT OF ZERO- 
EMISSION VEHICLES IN COMMUNITIES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CHARGING
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 
‘‘charging infrastructure’’ means any property (not 
including a building) used for the recharging of a 
zero-emission vehicle, including electrical panel up-
grades, wiring, conduits, trenching, pedestals, and 
related equipment. 
(2) DEPLOYMENT COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘de-
ployment community’’ means a community selected 
by the Secretary to be part of the Program. 
(3) FEDERAL-AID SYSTEM OF HIGHWAYS.—The 
term ‘‘Federal-aid system of highways’’ means the 
National Highway System described in section 103 
of title 23, United States Code. 
(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the zero-emission vehicle deployment community pro-
gram established under subsection (b)(1). 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a zero-emission vehicle deployment communities pro-
gram. 
(2) EXISTING ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the 
Program, the Secretary shall coordinate and supple-
ment, not supplant, any ongoing zero-emission vehi-
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cle deployment activities under section 131 of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17011). 
(3) DEPLOYMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a competitive process to select deploy-
ment communities for the Program. 
(B) ELIGIBLE
ENTITIES.—In selecting 
participants for the Program, the Secretary 
shall only consider applications submitted by 
State, tribal, or local government entities (or 
groups of State, tribal, or local government en-
tities). 
(C) SELECTION.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act and not 
later than 1 year after the date on which any 
subsequent amounts are appropriated for the 
Program, the Secretary shall select the deploy-
ment communities under this paragraph. 
(c) GOALS.—The goals of the Program are— 
(1) to facilitate the rapid deployment of zero- 
emission vehicles in various regions and regulatory 
environments, including— 
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(A) the deployment of 1,000,000 zero- 
emission vehicles in the deployment commu-
nities selected under subsection (d)(2); 
(B) the near-term achievement of signifi-
cant market penetration in deployment commu-
nities; and 
(C) supporting the achievement of signifi-
cant market penetration nationally; 
(2) to establish regionally appropriate, inter-
operable models for the rapid deployment of zero- 
emission vehicles nationally, including regionally ap-
propriate approaches for the cost-effective deploy-
ment of a sufficient quantity of single-family and 
multifamily residential, workplace, and publicly 
available charging infrastructure or zero-emission ve-
hicle-refueling infrastructure; 
(3) to increase consumer knowledge and accept-
ance of, and exposure to, zero-emission vehicles; 
(4) to encourage the innovation and investment 
necessary to achieve mass market deployment of 
zero-emission vehicles; 
(5) to demonstrate the integration of zero-emis-
sion vehicles into electricity distribution systems and 
the larger electric grid while maintaining or improv-
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ing grid system performance, security, and reli-
ability; 
(6) to demonstrate protocols and communica-
tion standards that facilitate vehicle integration into 
the grid and provide seamless charging for con-
sumers traveling through multiple utility distribution 
systems; 
(7) to investigate differences among deployment 
communities and to develop best practices for imple-
menting vehicle electrification in various commu-
nities, including best practices for planning for and 
facilitating the construction of residential, work-
place, and publicly available infrastructure to sup-
port zero-emission vehicles; 
(8) to collect comprehensive data on the pur-
chase and use of zero-emission vehicles, including 
charging or refueling profile data at unit and aggre-
gate levels, to inform best practices for rapidly de-
ploying zero-emission vehicles in other locations, in-
cluding for the installation of charging infrastruc-
ture or zero-emission vehicle-refueling infrastructure; 
(9) to reduce and displace petroleum use and 
reduce greenhouse gas emissions by accelerating the 
deployment of zero-emission vehicles in the United 
States; and 
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(10) to increase domestic manufacturing capac-
ity and commercialization in a manner that will es-
tablish the United States as a world leader in zero- 
emission vehicle technologies. 
(d) DEPLOYMENT
COMMUNITY
SELECTION
CRI-
TERIA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall ensure, 
to the maximum extent practicable, that selected de-
ployment communities serve as models of deploy-
ment for various communities across the United 
States. 
(2) 
SELECTION.—In 
selecting 
communities 
under this section, the Secretary— 
(A) shall ensure, to the maximum extent 
practicable, that— 
(i) the combination of selected com-
munities is diverse in population, popu-
lation density, demographics, urban and 
suburban composition, typical commuting 
patterns, climate, and type of utility (in-
cluding investor-owned, publicly owned, co-
operatively owned, distribution-only, and 
vertically integrated utilities); 
(ii) the combination of selected com-
munities is diverse in geographical dis-
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tribution, and at least 1 deployment com-
munity is located in each Petroleum Ad-
ministration for Defense District; 
(iii) at least 1 deployment community 
selected has a population of less than 
500,000; 
(iv) grants are of a sufficient amount 
such that each deployment community will 
achieve significant market penetration, 
particularly into the mainstream consumer 
market; and 
(v) the deployment communities are 
representative of other communities across 
the United States; 
(B) is encouraged to select a combination 
of deployment communities that includes mul-
tiple models or approaches for deploying zero- 
emission vehicles that the Secretary believes are 
reasonably likely to be effective, including mul-
tiple approaches to the deployment of charging 
infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure; 
(C) shall prioritize deployment commu-
nities that demonstrate affordable modes of ac-
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cess to zero-emission vehicles for low-income 
communities and disadvantaged communities; 
(D) in addition to the criteria described in 
subparagraph (A), may give preference to appli-
cants proposing a greater non-Federal cost 
share; and 
(E) when considering deployment commu-
nity plans, shall take into account previous De-
partment of Energy and other Federal invest-
ments to ensure that the maximum domestic 
benefit from Federal investments is realized. 
(3) CRITERIA.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
and not later than 90 days after the date on 
which any subsequent amounts are appro-
priated for the Program, the Secretary shall 
publish criteria for the selection of deployment 
communities that include requirements that ap-
plications be submitted by a State, tribal, or 
local government entity (or groups of State, 
tribal, or local government entities). 
(B) APPLICATION
REQUIREMENTS.—The 
criteria published by the Secretary under sub-
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paragraph (A) shall include application require-
ments that, at a minimum, include— 
(i) achievable goals and methodologies 
for— 
(I) the number of zero-emission 
vehicles to be deployed in the commu-
nity; 
(II) the expected percentage of 
light-duty vehicle sales that would be 
sales of zero-emission vehicles; 
(III) the adoption of zero-emis-
sion vehicles (including medium- or 
heavy-duty vehicles) in private and 
public fleets during the 3-year dura-
tion of the Program; and 
(IV) a method to generate rev-
enue to maintain the infrastructure 
investments made by the Program 
after the termination of the Program; 
(ii) data that demonstrate that— 
(I) the public is likely to embrace 
zero-emission vehicles, which may in-
clude— 
(aa) the quantity of zero- 
emission vehicles purchased; 
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(bb) the number of individ-
uals on a waiting list to purchase 
a zero-emission vehicle; 
(cc) projections of the quan-
tity of zero-emission vehicles sup-
plied to dealers; and 
(dd) any assessment of the 
quantity of charging infrastruc-
ture or zero-emission vehicle-re-
fueling infrastructure installed or 
for which permits have been 
issued; and 
(II) automobile manufacturers 
and dealers will be able to provide and 
service the targeted number of zero- 
emission vehicles in the community 
for the duration of the program; 
(iii) 
clearly 
defined 
geographical 
boundaries of the proposed deployment 
area; 
(iv) a community deployment plan for 
the deployment of zero-emission vehicles, 
charging infrastructure or zero-emission 
vehicle-refueling infrastructure, and serv-
ices in the community; 
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(v) assurances that a majority of the 
vehicle deployments anticipated in the plan 
will be personal vehicles authorized to trav-
el on the Federal-aid system of highways, 
and secondarily, private or public sector 
zero-emission fleet vehicles, but may also 
include— 
(I) private or public sector zero- 
emission fleet vehicles; 
(II) medium- and heavy-duty 
zero-emission vehicles; and 
(III) any other zero-emission ve-
hicle authorized to travel on the Fed-
eral-aid system of highways; and 
(vi) any other merit-based criteria, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(4) COMMUNITY
DEPLOYMENT
PLANS.—Plans 
for the deployment of zero-emission vehicles shall in-
clude— 
(A) a proposed level of cost sharing in ac-
cordance with subsection (e)(2)(C); 
(B) documentation demonstrating a de-
ployment community project involving relevant 
stakeholders, including— 
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(i) a list of stakeholders that in-
cludes— 
(I) elected and appointed officials 
from each of the participating State, 
local, and tribal governments; 
(II) all relevant generators and 
distributors of electricity; 
(III) State utility regulatory au-
thorities; 
(IV) departments of public works 
and transportation; 
(V) owners and operators of 
property that will be essential to the 
deployment of a sufficient level of 
publicly available charging infrastruc-
ture or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure 
(including 
privately 
owned parking lots or structures and 
commercial entities with public access 
locations); 
(VI) zero-emission vehicle manu-
facturers or retailers; 
(VII) third-party providers of 
residential, workplace, private, and 
publicly available charging infrastruc-
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201 
ture or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure or services; 
(VIII) owners of any major fleet 
that will participate in the applicable 
deployment community project; 
(IX) as appropriate, owners and 
operators of regional electric power 
distribution and transmission facili-
ties; and 
(X) as appropriate, other existing 
deployment community coalitions rec-
ognized by the Department of Energy; 
(ii) evidence of the commitment of the 
stakeholders to participate in the project; 
(iii) a clear description of the role and 
responsibilities of each stakeholder; and 
(iv) a plan for continuing the engage-
ment and participation of the stakeholders, 
as appropriate, throughout the implemen-
tation of the deployment plan; 
(C) a description of the number of zero- 
emission vehicles anticipated to be zero-emission 
personal vehicles and the number of zero-emis-
sion vehicles anticipated to be privately owned 
fleet or public fleet vehicles; 
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(D) a plan for deploying residential, work-
place, private, and publicly available charging 
infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure, including— 
(i) an assessment of the number of 
consumers who will have access to private 
residential charging infrastructure or zero- 
emission vehicle-refueling infrastructure in 
single-family or multifamily residences; 
(ii) options for accommodating zero- 
emission vehicle owners who are not able 
to charge vehicles at their place of resi-
dence; 
(iii) an assessment of the number of 
consumers who will have access to work-
place charging infrastructure or zero-emis-
sion vehicle-refueling infrastructure; 
(iv) a plan for ensuring that the 
charging infrastructure or zero-emission 
vehicle be able to send and receive the in-
formation needed to interact with the grid 
and be compatible with smart grid tech-
nologies to the extent feasible; 
(v) an estimate of the number and 
distribution of publicly and privately owned 
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charging or refueling stations that will be 
publicly or commercially available; 
(vi) an estimate of the quantity of 
charging infrastructure or zero-emission 
vehicle-refueling infrastructure that will be 
privately funded or located on private 
property; and 
(vii) a description of equipment to be 
deployed, including assurances that, to the 
maximum extent practicable, equipment to 
be deployed will meet open, nonproprietary 
standards for connecting to zero-emission 
vehicles that— 
(I) are commonly accepted by in-
dustry at the time the equipment is 
being acquired; or 
(II) meet the standards developed 
by the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology 
under section 1305 of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17385); 
(E) 1 or more plans for effective mar-
keting of and consumer education relating to 
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zero-emission vehicles, charging or refueling 
services, and charging infrastructure; 
(F) descriptions of updated building codes 
(or a plan to update building codes before or 
during the grant period) to include charging in-
frastructure or dedicated circuits for charging 
infrastructure, as appropriate, in new construc-
tion and major renovations; 
(G) descriptions of updated construction 
permitting or inspection processes (or a plan to 
update construction permitting or inspection 
processes) to allow for expedited installation of 
charging infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle- 
refueling infrastructure for purchasers of zero- 
emission vehicles, including a permitting proc-
ess that allows a vehicle purchaser to have 
charging infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle- 
refueling infrastructure installed in a timely 
manner; 
(H) descriptions of updated zoning, park-
ing rules, or other local ordinances as are nec-
essary to facilitate the installation of publicly 
available charging infrastructure or zero-emis-
sion vehicle-refueling infrastructure and to 
allow for access to publicly available charging 
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205 
infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure, as appropriate; 
(I) descriptions of incentives for residents 
in a deployment community who purchase and 
register a new zero-emission vehicle, in addition 
to any Federal incentives, including— 
(i) a rebate of part of the purchase 
price of the zero-emission vehicle; 
(ii) reductions in sales taxes or reg-
istration fees; 
(iii) rebates or reductions in the costs 
of permitting, purchasing, or installing 
home zero-emission vehicle charging infra-
structure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure; and 
(iv) rebates or reductions in State or 
local toll road access charges; 
(J) additional consumer benefits, such as 
preferred parking spaces or single-rider access 
to high-occupancy vehicle lanes for zero-emis-
sion vehicles; 
(K) a proposed plan for making necessary 
utility and grid upgrades, including economi-
cally sound and cybersecure information tech-
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nology upgrades and employee training, and a 
plan for recovering the cost of the upgrades; 
(L) a description of utility, grid operator, 
or (if appropriate) competitive charging service 
providers, policies, and plans for accommo-
dating the deployment of zero-emission vehicles, 
including— 
(i) rate structures or competitive 
charging or refueling service provisions and 
billing protocols for the charging or refuel-
ing of zero-emission vehicles; 
(ii) analysis of potential impacts to 
the grid; 
(iii) plans for using information tech-
nology or third-party aggregators— 
(I) to minimize the effects of 
charging on peak loads; 
(II) to enhance reliability; and 
(III) to provide other grid bene-
fits; and 
(iv) plans for working with smart grid 
technologies or third-party aggregators for 
the purposes of smart charging and for al-
lowing 2-way communication; 
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(M) a plan for a sustainable business 
model that will ensure cost effective mainte-
nance, operation, and expansion of the charging 
infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle-refueling 
infrastructure and charging or refueling serv-
ices; 
(N) a deployment timeline; 
(O) a plan for monitoring and evaluating 
the implementation of the plan, including 
metrics for assessing the success of the deploy-
ment and an approach to updating the plan, as 
appropriate; and 
(P) a description of the manner in which 
any grant funds applied for under subsection 
(e) will be used and the proposed local cost 
share for the funds. 
(e) APPLICATIONS AND GRANTS.— 
(1) APPLICATIONS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 150 
days after the date of publication by the Sec-
retary of selection criteria described in sub-
section (d)(3), any State, tribal, or local govern-
ment, or group of State, tribal, or local govern-
ments may apply to the Secretary to become a 
deployment community. 
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(B) JOINT SPONSORSHIP.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—An application sub-
mitted under subparagraph (A) may be 
jointly sponsored by electric utilities, auto-
mobile manufacturers, technology pro-
viders, carsharing companies or organiza-
tions, third-party zero-emission vehicle 
service providers, or other appropriate enti-
ties. 
(ii) DISBURSEMENT
OF
GRANTS.—A 
grant provided under this subsection shall 
only be disbursed to a State, tribal, or 
local government, or group of State, tribal, 
or local governments, regardless of whether 
the application is jointly sponsored under 
clause (i). 
(2) GRANTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In each application, the 
applicant may request up to $250,000,000 in fi-
nancial assistance from the Secretary to fund 
projects in the deployment community. 
(B) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Funds provided 
through a grant under this paragraph may be 
used to help implement the plan for the deploy-
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209 
ment of zero-emission vehicles included in the 
application, including— 
(i) reducing the cost and increasing 
the consumer adoption of zero-emission ve-
hicles through incentives as described in 
subsection (d)(4)(I); 
(ii) planning for and installing charg-
ing infrastructure or zero-emission vehicle- 
refueling infrastructure, including offering 
additional incentives as described in sub-
section (d)(4)(I); 
(iii) updating building codes, zoning 
or parking rules, or permitting or inspec-
tion processes as described in subpara-
graphs (F), (G), and (H) of subsection 
(d)(4); 
(iv) 
workforce 
training, 
including 
training of permitting officials; 
(v) public education and marketing 
described in the proposed marketing plan; 
(vi) supplementing (and not sup-
planting) the number of zero-emission ve-
hicles that are purchased by State, local, 
and tribal governments; and 
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(vii) necessary utility and grid up-
grades 
as 
described 
in 
subsection 
(d)(4)(K). 
(C) COST SHARING.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—A grant provided 
under this paragraph shall be subject to a 
minimum non-Federal cost-sharing re-
quirement of 20 percent. 
(ii) 
NON-FEDERAL
SOURCES.—The 
Secretary shall— 
(I) determine the appropriate 
cost share for each selected applicant; 
and 
(II) require that not less than 20 
percent of the cost of an activity fund-
ed by a grant under this paragraph be 
provided by a non-Federal source. 
(iii) REDUCTION.—The Secretary may 
reduce or eliminate the cost-sharing re-
quirement described in clause (i), as the 
Secretary determines to be necessary. 
(iv) CALCULATION
OF
AMOUNT.—In 
calculating the amount of the non-Federal 
share under this section, the Secretary— 
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211 
(I) may include allowable costs in 
accordance with the applicable cost 
principles, including— 
(aa) cash; 
(bb) personnel costs; 
(cc) the value of a service, 
other resource, or third party in- 
kind contribution determined in 
accordance with the applicable 
circular of the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget; 
(dd) indirect costs or facili-
ties and administrative costs; or 
(ee) 
any 
funds 
received 
under the power program of the 
Tennessee Valley Authority or 
any Power Marketing Adminis-
tration (except to the extent that 
such funds are made available 
under an annual appropriations 
Act); 
(II) shall include contributions 
made by State, tribal, or local govern-
ment entities and private entities; and 
(III) shall not include— 
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