tion by a unanimous vote, making her the first 
woman to serve on the Supreme Court. 
(10) O’Connor established herself as a prag-
matic, independent voice on the Supreme Court, 
casting decisive votes during a time when the Court 
was being asked to resolve politically charged issues. 
(11) In the 1982 case of Mississippi University 
for Women v. Hogan, O’Connor wrote the majority 
opinion holding that the State could not prevent 
men from enrolling in an all-women’s nursing school, 
writing that laws discriminating on the basis of sex 
would be allowed only if there was an ‘‘exceedingly 
persuasive justification’’ for them. 
(12) O’Connor sought, when possible, to find 
the middle ground between her often-divided col-
leagues, frequently joining the majority decision but 
presenting her views in concurring opinions that es-
chewed broad constitutional doctrine in favor of re-
solving the cases before the Court. 
(13) O’Connor put a very public face on the 
role of the Supreme Court, domestically and around 
the world. She became the Court’s most prolific pub-
lic speaker, traveling to all 50 States and to count-
less law schools, libraries, and public events to de-
scribe how the Court works and its role in our con-
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stitutional form of government. She traveled world-
wide as an ambassador for the Rule of Law and the 
independence of judiciaries everywhere. 
(14) After 24 years on the Supreme Court, 
O’Connor announced her retirement to care for her 
ailing husband, who had Alzheimer’s disease. Presi-
dent George W. Bush nominated John Roberts, Jr. 
for the vacancy, but before Roberts was confirmed, 
Chief Justice Rehnquist passed away, creating a sec-
ond vacancy. President Bush personally appealed to 
O’Connor to remain on the Court so he could nomi-
nate Roberts for the Chief Justice vacancy and have 
more time to make a second nomination to the 
Court. In yet another act of public service, O’Connor 
agreed to serve until Samuel Alito was confirmed to 
fill her seat on January 31, 2006. 
(15) O’Connor began her retirement with 2 
goals. One was to convince more States to adopt 
merit selection of judges for filling vacancies in 
State courts. The second was to educate the public 
on the importance of an independent judiciary. Her 
judicial independence work led to her awareness of 
a national civics education deficit. 
(16) In 2009, O’Connor created iCivics.org to 
educate young Americans about civics and what it 
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means to be a citizen. That endeavor grew to become 
the largest civics education platform in the country, 
with over 7,000,000 students annually enrolling in 
the programs. Its popularity was due to a capti-
vating online, interactive gaming approach. The pro-
gram was free to all and had no advertising. iCivics 
played a crucial role in Educating for American De-
mocracy, a federally-funded initiative to improve 
civics and history education, which released its re-
ports in March 2021. 
(b) RUTH BADER GINSBURG.—Congress finds the 
following: 
(1) Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in 1933 in 
Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in a low-income, 
working-class neighborhood. 
(2) Ginsburg graduated from Cornell University 
in 1954, finishing first in her class. Following her 
graduation, Ginsburg enrolled at Harvard Law 
School in 1956, entering into a class of 552 men 
and only 8 other women. 
(3) As a law student, Ginsburg became the first 
female member of the Harvard Law Review, a pres-
tigious legal journal. She also cared for her husband, 
Martin Ginsburg, who had been diagnosed with can-
cer, and their young daughter. Ginsburg finished her 
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legal education at Columbia Law School, where she 
graduated first in her class in 1959. 
(4) Ginsburg taught at Rutgers University Law 
School from 1963 to 1972 and at Columbia Law 
School from 1972 to 1980, where she became the 
school’s first female tenured professor. 
(5) During the 1970s, Ginsburg served as the 
director of the Women’s Rights Project of the Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union. In this position, she led 
the fight against gender discrimination and success-
fully argued 6 landmark cases before the Supreme 
Court. 
(6) Ginsburg won 5 cases on gender discrimina-
tion before the Supreme Court, including the case 
Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, which involved a portion 
of the Social Security Act that favored women over 
men, because the Act granted certain benefits to 
widows, but not widowers. 
(7) In 1980, President Jimmy Carter nomi-
nated Ginsburg to a seat on the United States Court 
of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. 
(8) On June 22, 1993, President Bill Clinton 
nominated Ginsburg to be an Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court, to fill the seat vacated by Asso-
ciate Justice Byron White. On August 3, 1993, the 
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Senate confirmed Ginsburg’s nomination to the Su-
preme Court by a 96 to 3 vote. 
(9) Ginsburg became the second female justice 
to serve on the Supreme Court, as well as the first 
Jewish female justice to serve on the Supreme 
Court. 
(10) As a justice, Ginsburg presented a strong 
voice in favor of gender equality, voting rights, the 
rights of workers, and the separation of church and 
state. 
(11) In 1996, Ginsburg wrote the Supreme 
Court’s landmark decision in United States v. Vir-
ginia, which held that the State-supported Virginia 
Military Institute could not refuse to admit women. 
(12) Ginsburg famously dissented in Ledbetter 
v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., where the plaintiff, 
a female worker being paid significantly less than 
males with her same qualifications, sued under title 
VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
2000e et seq.), but was denied relief under a statute 
of limitation issue. Ginsburg broke with tradition 
and wrote a high colloquial version of her dissent to 
read from the bench. In her dissent, she also called 
for Congress to undo this interpretation of the law. 
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(13) Ginsburg’s impactful dissent in Ledbetter 
v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. led to the successful 
passage of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 
(Public Law 111–2; 123 Stat. 5), which was the 
first piece of legislation signed by President Barack 
Obama. 
(14) Until the 2018 term, Ginsburg had not 
missed a day of oral arguments, not even when she 
was undergoing chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, 
after surgery for colon cancer, or the day after her 
husband passed away in 2010. 
(15) Ginsburg passed away on September 18, 
2020. 
SEC. 2. STATUES HONORING JUSTICE SANDRA DAY O’CON-
NOR AND JUSTICE RUTH BADER GINSBURG. 
(a) OBTAINING OF STATUES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, in consulta-
tion with the Committee on House Administration of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Rules and Administration of the Senate, and under 
such terms and conditions as the Joint Committee 
of Congress on the Library considers appropriate, 
consistent with applicable law, the Joint Committee 
shall— 
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(A) enter into an agreement to obtain a 
statue honoring Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the United States Sandra Day 
O’Connor; and 
(B) enter into an agreement to obtain a 
statue honoring Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of the United States Ruth Bader 
Ginsburg. 
(2) CONSIDERATION.—In selecting one or more 
artists to make the statues obtained under para-
graph (1), the Joint Committee of Congress on the 
Library shall make the announcement available to 
and consider artists from underrepresented demo-
graphic groups. 
(b) INSTALLATION.—The Architect of the Capitol, 
under the direction of the Joint Committee of Congress 
on the Library, shall permanently install each statue ob-
tained under subsection (a) in a prominent location in the 
Capitol or on the Capitol Grounds, as described in section 
5102 of title 40, United States Code. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this Act. Amounts appropriated pursu-
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ant to this subsection shall remain available until ex-
pended. 
Æ 
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