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SEC. 405. EFFECTIVE DATES.
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this title,
each effective date otherwise provided under this title shall
take effect 1 day after such effective date.
SEC. 406. STUDY AND REPORT ON PERMANENT REGISTRA-
TION OF OVERSEAS VOTERS; DISTRIBUTION
OF OVERSEAS VOTING INFORMATION BY A
SINGLE STATE OFFICE; STUDY AND REPORT
ON EXPANSION OF SINGLE STATE OFFICE DU-
TIES.
(a) STUDY AND REPORT ON PERMANENT REGISTRA-
TION OF OVERSEAS VOTERS.—
(1) STUDY.—The Election Administration Com-
mission established under section 301 (in this sub-
section referred to as the ‘‘Commission’’), shall con-
duct a study on the feasibility and advisability of
providing for permanent registration of overseas vot-
ers under section 104 of the Uniformed and Overseas
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff–3), as
amended by section 1606(b) of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (Public Law
107–107; 115 Stat. 1279) and this title.
(2) REPORT.—The Commission shall submit a
report to Congress on the study conducted under
paragraph (1) together with such recommendations
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for legislative and administrative action as the Com-
mission determines appropriate.
(b) DISTRIBUTION OF OVERSEAS VOTING INFORMA-
TION BY A SINGLE STATE OFFICE.—Section 102 of the Uni-
formed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42
U.S.C. 1973ff–1), as amended by section 1606(a)(1) of the
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002
(Public Law 107–107; 115 Stat. 1278) and the preceding
provisions of this title, is amended by adding at the end
the following new subsection:
‘‘(c) DESIGNATION OF SINGLE STATE OFFICE TO PRO-
VIDE INFORMATION ON REGISTRATION AND ABSENTEE BAL-
LOT PROCEDURES FOR ALL VOTERS IN THE STATE.—Each
State shall designate a single office which shall be respon-
sible for providing information regarding voter registration
procedures and absentee ballot procedures to be used by ab-
sent uniformed services voters and overseas voters with re-
spect to elections for Federal office (including procedures
relating to the use of the Federal write-in absentee ballot)
to all absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters
who wish to register to vote or vote in any jurisdiction in
the State.’’.
(c) STUDY AND REPORT ON EXPANSION OF SINGLE
STATE OFFICE DUTIES.—
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(1) STUDY.—The Election Administration Com-
mission established under section 301 (in this sub-
section referred to as the ‘‘Commission’’), shall con-
duct a study on the feasibility and advisability of
making the State office designated under section
102(c) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absen-
tee Voting Act (as added by subsection (b)) responsible
for the acceptance of valid voter registration applica-
tions, absentee ballot applications, and absentee bal-
lots (including Federal write-in absentee ballots) from
each absent uniformed services voter or overseas voter
who wishes to register to vote or vote in any jurisdic-
tion in the State.
(2) REPORT.—The Commission shall submit a
report to Congress on the study conducted under
paragraph (1) together with such recommendations
for legislative and administrative action as the Com-
mission determines appropriate.
SEC. 407. REPORT ON ABSENTEE BALLOTS TRANSMITTED
AND RECEIVED AFTER GENERAL ELECTIONS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 102 of the Uniformed and
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff–
1), as amended by the preceding provisions of this title, is
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
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‘‘(d) REPORT ON NUMBER OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS
TRANSMITTED AND RECEIVED.—Not later than 120 days
after the date of each regularly scheduled general election
for Federal office, each State and unit of local government
that administered the election shall (through the State, in
the case of a unit of local government) submit a report to
the Election Administration Commission (established under
the Martin Luther King, Jr. Equal Protection of Voting
Rights Act of 2002) on the number of absentee ballots trans-
mitted to absent uniformed services voters and overseas vot-
ers for the election and the number of such ballots that were
returned by such voters and cast in the election, and shall
make such report available to the general public.’’.
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED FORMAT FOR
REPORTS.—The Election Administration Commission shall
develop a standardized format for the reports submitted by
States and units of local government under section 102(d)
of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
(as added by subsection (a)), and shall make the format
available to the States and units of local government sub-
mitting such reports.
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SEC. 408. OTHER REQUIREMENTS TO PROMOTE PARTICIPA-
TION OF OVERSEAS AND ABSENT UNIFORMED
SERVICES VOTERS.
Section 102 of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens
Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff–1), as amended by
the preceding provisions of this title, is amended by adding
at the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(e) REGISTRATION NOTIFICATION.—With respect to
each absent uniformed services voter and each overseas voter
who submits a voter registration application or an absentee
ballot request, if the State rejects the application or request,
the State shall provide the voter with the reasons for the
rejection.’’.
SEC. 409. STUDY AND REPORT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
STANDARD OATH FOR USE WITH OVERSEAS
VOTING MATERIALS.
(a) STUDY.—The Election Administration Commis-
sion established under section 301 (in this section referred
to as the ‘‘Commission’’), shall conduct a study on the feasi-
bility and advisability of—
(1) prescribing a standard oath for use with any
document under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens
Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq) affirm-
ing that a material misstatement of fact in the com-
pletion of such a document may constitute grounds
for a conviction for perjury; and
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(2) if the State requires an oath or affirmation
to accompany any document under such Act, to re-
quire the State to use the standard oath described in
paragraph (1).
(b) REPORT.—The Commission shall submit a report
to Congress on the study conducted under subsection (a) to-
gether with such recommendations for legislative and ad-
ministrative action as the Commission determines appro-
priate.
SEC. 410. STUDY AND REPORT ON PROHIBITING NOTARIZA-
TION REQUIREMENTS.
(a) STUDY.—The Election Administration Commis-
sion established under section 301 (in this section referred
to as the ‘‘Commission’’), shall conduct a study on the feasi-
bility and advisability of prohibiting a State from refusing
to accept any voter registration application, absentee ballot
request, or absentee ballot submitted by an absent uniformed
services voter or overseas voter on the grounds that the docu-
ment involved is not notarized.
(b) REPORT.—The Commission shall submit a report
to Congress on the study conducted under subsection (a) to-
gether with such recommendations for legislative and ad-
ministrative action as the Commission determines appro-
priate.
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TITLE V—CRIMINAL PENALTIES;
MISCELLANEOUS
SEC. 501. REVIEW AND REPORT ON ADEQUACY OF EXISTING
ELECTORAL 
FRAUD 
STATUTES 
AND 
PEN-
ALTIES.
(a) REVIEW.—The Attorney General shall conduct a
review of existing criminal statutes concerning election of-
fenses to determine—
(1) whether additional statutory offenses are
needed to secure the use of the Internet for election
purposes; and
(2) whether existing penalties provide adequate
punishment and deterrence with respect to such of-
fenses.
(b) REPORT.—The Attorney General shall submit a re-
port to the Judiciary Committees of the Senate and the
House of Representatives, the Senate Committee on Rules
and Administration, and the House Committee on Admin-
istration on the review conducted under subsection (a) to-
gether with such recommendations for legislative and ad-
ministrative action as the Attorney General determines ap-
propriate.
SEC. 502. OTHER CRIMINAL PENALTIES.
(a) CONSPIRACY TO DEPRIVE VOTERS OF A FAIR
ELECTION.—Any individual who knowingly and willfully
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gives false information in registering or voting in violation
of section 11(c) of the National Voting Rights Act of 1965
(42 U.S.C. 1973i(c)), or conspires with another to violate
such section, shall be fined or imprisoned, or both, in ac-
cordance with such section.
(b) FALSE INFORMATION IN REGISTERING AND VOT-
ING.—Any individual who knowingly commits fraud or
knowingly makes a false statement with respect to the natu-
ralization, citizenry, or alien registry of such individual
in violation of section 1015 of title 18, United States Code,
shall be fined or imprisoned, or both, in accordance with
such section.
SEC. 503. USE OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS FOR VOTER
REGISTRATION AND ELECTION ADMINISTRA-
TION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 205(c)(2) of the Social Se-
curity Act (42 U.S.C. 405(c)(2)) is amended by adding at
the end the following new subparagraph:
‘‘(I)(i) It is the policy of the United States that any
State (or political subdivision thereof) may, in the adminis-
tration of any voter registration or other election law, use
the social security account numbers issued by the Commis-
sioner of Social Security for the purpose of establishing the
identification of individuals affected by such law, and may
require any individual who is, or appears to be, so affected
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to furnish to such State (or political subdivision thereof)
or any agency thereof having administrative responsibility
for the law involved, the social security account number (or
numbers, if such individual has more than one such num-
ber) issued to such individual by the Commissioner of So-
cial Security.
‘‘(ii) For purposes of clause (i), an agency of a State
(or political subdivision thereof) charged with the adminis-
tration of any voter registration or other election law that
did not use the social security account number for identi-
fication under a law or regulation adopted before January
1, 2002, may require an individual to disclose his or her
social security number to such agency solely for the purpose
of administering the laws referred to in such clause.
‘‘(iii) If, and to the extent that, any provision of Fed-
eral law enacted before the date of enactment of the Equal
Protection of Voting Rights Act of 2002 is inconsistent with
the policy set forth in clause (i), such provision shall, on
and after the date of the enactment of such Act, be null,
void, and of no effect.’’.
(b) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section may be
construed to supersede any privacy guarantee under any
Federal or State law that applies with respect to a social
security number.
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SEC. 504. DELIVERY OF MAIL FROM OVERSEAS PRECEDING
FEDERAL ELECTIONS.
(a) RESPONSIBILITIES OF SECRETARY OF DEFENSE.—
(1) ADDITIONAL
DUTIES.—Section 1566(g) of
title 10, United States Code, as added by section
1602(a)(1) of the National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2002 (Public Law 107–107; 115 Stat.
1274), is amended—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as
paragraph (4); and
(B) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting
the following new paragraphs:
‘‘(2) The Secretary shall ensure that voting materials
are transmitted expeditiously by military postal authorities
at all times. The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent
practicable, implement measures to ensure that a postmark
or other official proof of mailing date is provided on each
absentee ballot collected at any overseas location or vessel
at sea whenever the Department of Defense is responsible
for collecting mail for return shipment to the United States.
The Secretary shall ensure that the measures implemented
under the preceding sentence do not result in the delivery
of absentee ballots to the final destination of such ballots
after the date on which the election for Federal office is held.
‘‘(3) The Secretary of each military department shall,
to the maximum extent practicable, provide notice to mem-
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bers of the armed forces stationed at that installation of
the last date before a general Federal election for which ab-
sentee ballots mailed from a postal facility located at that
installation can reasonably be expected to be timely deliv-
ered to the appropriate State and local election officials.’’.
(2) REPORT.—The Secretary of Defense shall
submit to Congress a report describing the measures
to be implemented under section 1566(g)(2) of title
10, United States Code (as added by paragraph (1)),
to ensure the timely transmittal and postmarking of
voting materials and identifying the persons respon-
sible for implementing such measures.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this
section shall take effect as if included in section 1602 of
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2002 (Public Law 107–107; 115 Stat. 1274) upon the enact-
ment of that Act.
SEC. 505. STATE RESPONSIBILITY TO GUARANTEE MILI-
TARY VOTING RIGHTS.
(a) REGISTRATION AND BALLOTING.—Section 102 of
the Uniformed and Overseas Absentee Voting Act (42 U.S.C.
1973ff–1), as amended by section 1606(a)(1) of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (Public
Law 107–107; 115 Stat. 1278), is amended—
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(1) by inserting ‘‘(a) ELECTIONS FOR FEDERAL
OFFICES.—’’ before ‘‘Each State shall—’’; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(b) ELECTIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL OFFICES.—
Each State shall—
‘‘(1) permit absent uniformed services voters to
use absentee registration procedures and to vote by
absentee ballot in general, special, primary, and run-
off elections for State and local offices; and
‘‘(2) accept and process, with respect to any elec-
tion described in paragraph (1), any otherwise valid
voter registration application from an absent uni-
formed services voter if the application is received by
the appropriate State election official not less than 30
days before the election.’’.
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The heading for title
I of such Act is amended by striking ‘‘FOR FEDERAL
OFFICE’’.
SEC. 506. SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING STATE AND
LOCAL INPUT INTO CHANGES MADE TO THE
ELECTORAL PROCESS.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:
(1) Although Congress has the responsibility to
ensure that our citizens’ right to vote is protected, and
that votes are counted in a fair and accurate manner,
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States and localities have a vested interest in the elec-
toral process.
(2) The Federal Government should ensure that
States and localities have some say in any election
mandates placed upon the States and localities.
(3) Congress should ensure that any election re-
form laws contain provisions for input by State and
local election officials.
(b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the sense of the Sen-
ate that the Department of Justice and the Committee on
Election Reform should take steps to ensure that States and
localities are allowed some input into any changes that are
made to the electoral process, preferably through some type
of advisory committee or commission.
SEC. 507. STUDY AND REPORT ON FREE ABSENTEE BALLOT
POSTAGE.
(a) STUDY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A FREE AB-
SENTEE BALLOT POSTAGE PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Election Administration
Commission established under section 301 shall con-
duct a study on the feasibility and advisability of the
establishment by the Federal Election Commission
and the Postal Service of a program under which the
Postal Service shall waive the amount of postage ap-
plicable with respect to absentee ballots submitted by
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voters in general elections for Federal office (other
than balloting materials mailed under section 3406 of
title 39, United States Code) that does not apply with
respect to the postage required to send the absentee
ballots to voters.
(2) PUBLIC SURVEY.—As part of the study con-
ducted under paragraph (1), the Election Administra-
tion Commission shall conduct a survey of potential
beneficiaries under the program described in such
paragraph, including the elderly and disabled, and
shall take into account the results of such survey in
determining the feasibility and advisability of estab-
lishing such a program.
(b) REPORT.—
(1) SUBMISSION.—Not later than the date that is
1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Election Administration Commission shall submit to
Congress a report on the study conducted under sub-
section (a)(1) together with recommendations for such
legislative and administrative action as the Commis-
sion determines appropriate.
(2) COSTS.—The report submitted under para-
graph (1) shall contain an estimate of the costs of es-
tablishing the program described in subsection (a)(1).
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(3) IMPLEMENTATION.—The report submitted
under paragraph (1) shall contain an analysis of the
feasibility of implementing the program described in
subsection (a)(1) with respect to the absentee ballots
submitted in the general election for Federal office
held in 2004.
(4) RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING THE ELDER-
LY
AND
DISABLED.—The report submitted under
paragraph (1) shall—
(A) include recommendations of the Federal
Election Commission on ways that program de-
scribed in subsection (a)(1) would target elderly
individuals and individuals with disabilities;
and
(B) identify methods to increase the number
of such individuals who vote in elections for Fed-
eral office.
(c) POSTAL SERVICE DEFINED.—The term ‘‘Postal
Service’’ means the United States Postal Service established
under section 201 of title 39, United States Code.
SEC. 508. HELP AMERICA VOTE COLLEGE PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after
the appointment of its members, the Election Admin-
istration Commission (in this section referred to as
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the ‘‘Commission’’) shall develop a program to be
known as the ‘‘Help America Vote College Program’’
(in this section referred to as the ‘‘Program’’).
(2) PURPOSES OF PROGRAM.—The purpose of the
Program shall be—
(A) to encourage students enrolled at insti-
tutions of higher education (including commu-
nity colleges) to assist State and local govern-
ments in the administration of elections by serv-
ing as nonpartisan poll workers or assistants;
and
(B) to encourage State and local govern-
ments to use the services of the students partici-
pating in the Program.
(b) ACTIVITIES UNDER PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the Program,
the Commission (in consultation with the chief elec-
tion official of each State) shall develop materials,
sponsor seminars and workshops, engage in adver-
tising targeted at students, make grants, and take
such other actions as it considers appropriate to meet
the purposes described in subsection (a)(2).
(2) REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANT RECIPIENTS.—
In making grants under the Program, the Commis-
sion shall ensure that the funds provided are spent for
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projects and activities which are carried out without
partisan bias or without promoting any particular
point of view regarding any issue, and that each re-
cipient is governed in a balanced manner which does
not reflect any partisan bias.
(3) COORDINATION WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGH-
ER EDUCATION.—The Commission shall encourage in-
stitutions of higher education (including community
colleges) to participate in the Program, and shall
make all necessary materials and other assistance (in-
cluding materials and assistance to enable the institu-
tion to hold workshops and poll worker training ses-
sions) available without charge to any institution
which desires to participate in the Program.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi-
tion to any other funds authorized to be appropriated to
the Commission, there are authorized to be appropriated to
carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for
fiscal year 2002 and each succeeding fiscal year.
SEC. 509. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAWS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as specifically provided in
section 103(b) of this Act with regard to the National Voter
Registration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.), nothing
in this Act may be construed to authorize or require conduct
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prohibited under the following laws, or supersede, restrict,
or limit such laws:
(1) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C.
1973 et seq.).
(2) The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and
Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.).
(3) The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absen-
tee Voting Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ff et seq.).
(4) The National Voter Registration Act of 1993
(42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.).
(5) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
(42 U.S.C. 1994 et seq.).
(6) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C.
701 et seq.).
(b) NO EFFECT ON PRECLEARANCE OR OTHER RE-
QUIREMENTS UNDER VOTING RIGHTS ACT.—The approval
by the Attorney General of a State’s application for a grant
under title II, or any other action taken by the Attorney
General or a State under such title, shall not be considered
to have any effect on requirements for preclearance under
section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973c)
or any other requirements of such Act.
SEC. 510. VOTERS WITH DISABILITIES.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings:
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(1) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
(42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) requires that people with
disabilities have the same kind of access to public
places as the general public.
(2) The Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and
Handicapped Act (42 U.S.C. 1973ee et seq.) requires
that all polling places for Federal elections be acces-
sible to the elderly and the handicapped.
(3) The General Accounting Office in 2001
issued a report based on their election day random
survey of 496 polling places during the 2000 election
across the country and found that 84 percent of those
polling places had one or more potential impediments
that prevented individuals with disabilities, especially
those who use wheelchairs, from independently and
privately voting at the polling place in the same
manner as everyone else.
(4) The Department of Justice has interpreted
accessible voting to allow curbside voting or absentee
voting in lieu of making polling places physically ac-
cessible.
(5) Curbside voting does not allow the voter the
right to vote in privacy.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress
that the right to vote in a private and independent manner
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is a right that should be afforded to all eligible citizens,
including citizens with disabilities, and that curbside vot-
ing should only be an alternative of the last resort in pro-
viding equal voting access to all eligible American citizens.
SEC. 511. ELECTION DAY HOLIDAY STUDY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out its duty under sec-
tion 303(a)(1)(G), the Commission, within 6 months after
its establishment, shall provide a detailed report to the Con-
gress on the advisability of establishing an election day hol-
iday, including options for holding elections for Federal of-
fices on an existing legal public holiday such as Veterans
Day, as proclaimed by the President, or of establishing uni-
form weekend voting hours.
(b) FACTORS CONSIDERED.—In conducting that study,
the Commission shall take into consideration the following
factors:
(1) Only 51 percent of registered voters in the
United States turned out to vote during the November
2000 Presidential election—well-below the worldwide
turnout average of 72.9 percent for Presidential elec-
tions between 1999 and 2000. After the 2000 election,
the Census Bureau asked thousands of non-voters why
they did not vote. The top reason for not voting, given
by 22.6 percent of the respondents, was that they were
too busy or had a conflicting work or school schedule.
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(2) One of the recommendations of the National
Commission on Election Reform led by former Presi-
dent’s Carter and Ford is ‘‘Congress should enact leg-
islation to hold presidential and congressional elec-
tions on a national holiday’’. Holding elections on the
legal public holiday of Veterans Day, as proclaimed
by the President and observed by the Federal Govern-
ment or on the weekends, may allow election day to
be a national holiday without adding the cost and ad-
ministrative burden of an additional holiday.
(3) Holding elections on a holiday or weekend
could allow more working people to vote more easily,
potentially increasing voter turnout. It could increase
the pool of available poll workers and make public
buildings more available for use as polling places.
Holding elections over a weekend could provide flexi-
bility needed for uniform polling hours.
(4) Several proposals to make election day a hol-
iday or to shift election day to a weekend have been
offered in the 107th Congress. Any new voting day
options should be sensitive to the religious observances
of voters of all faiths and to our Nation’s veterans.
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SEC. 512. SENSE OF THE SENATE ON COMPLIANCE WITH
ELECTION TECHNOLOGY AND ADMINISTRA-
TION REQUIREMENTS.
It is the sense of the Senate that full funding shall be
provided to each State and locality to meet the requirements
relating to compliance with election technology and admin-
istration pursuant to this Act.
SEC. 513. BROADCASTING FALSE ELECTION INFORMATION.
In carrying out its duty under section 303(a)(1)(G),
the Commission, within 6 months after its establishment
shall provide a detailed report to the Congress on issues re-
garding the broadcasting or transmitting by cable of Fed-
eral election results including broadcasting practices that
may result in the broadcast of false information concerning
the location or time of operation of a polling place.
SEC. 514. SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING CHANGES
MADE TO THE ELECTORAL PROCESS AND
HOW SUCH CHANGES IMPACT STATES.
It is the sense of the Senate that—
(1) the provisions of this Act shall not prohibit
States to use curbside voting as a last resort to satisfy
the voter accessibility requirements under section
101(a)(3);
(2) the provisions of this Act permit States—
(A) to use Federal funds to purchase new
voting machines; and
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(B) to elect to retrofit existing voting ma-
chines in lieu of purchasing new machines to
meet the voting machine accessibility require-
ments under section 101(a)(3);
(3) nothing in this Act requires States to replace
existing voting machines;
(4) nothing under section 101(a) of this Act spe-
cifically requires States to install wheelchair ramps
or pave parking lots at each polling location for the
accessibility needs of individuals with disabilities;
and
(5) the Election Administration Commission, the
Attorney General, and the Architectural and Trans-
portation Barriers Compliance Board should recog-
nize the differences that exist between urban and
rural areas with respect to the administration of Fed-
eral elections under this Act.
Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘An Act to require
States and localities to meet uniform and nondiscrim-
inatory election technology and administration require-
ments applicable to Federal elections, to establish grant
programs to provide assistance to States and localities to
meet those requirements and to improve election tech-
nology and the administration of Federal elections, to es-
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tablish the Election Administration Commission, and for
other purposes.’’.
Attest:
Secretary.