I 
112TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1513 
To prohibit the conducting of invasive research on great apes, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 13, 2011 
Mr. BARTLETT (for himself, Mr. ISRAEL, Mr. LANGEVIN, Mr. REICHERT, Mr. 
TOWNS, Mr. ROTHMAN of New Jersey, Mrs. BONO MACK, Mr. SMITH of 
New Jersey, Mr. QUIGLEY, Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mr. 
HEINRICH, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. COURTNEY, Mr. SARBANES, Mr. KISSELL, 
Mr. LUJA´N, Ms. NORTON, Mr. STARK, Ms. BORDALLO, Mr. YOUNG of 
Florida, Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania, Mr. ELLISON, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. 
JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, Mr. ACKERMAN, 
Mr. PETERS, Mr. FILNER, Ms. SUTTON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. MURPHY 
of Connecticut, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mr. CARSON of Indiana, Mr. GEORGE 
MILLER of California, Mr. ANDREWS, Ms. RICHARDSON, Mr. DEFAZIO, 
Mr. NADLER, Mr. MORAN, Mr. GERLACH, and Mr. HINCHEY) introduced 
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce 
A BILL 
To prohibit the conducting of invasive research on great 
apes, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Great Ape Protection 
and Cost Savings Act of 2011’’. 
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SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) chimpanzees are the only great apes cur-
rently used in invasive research in the United 
States; 
(2)(A) as of the date of introduction of this 
Act, there are approximately 1,000 chimpanzees 
housed in laboratories in the United States; 
(B) more than 1⁄2 of these chimpanzees are 
owned by the Federal Government; and 
(C) the vast majority are financially supported 
by the Federal Government; 
(3) great apes are highly intelligent and social 
animals; 
(4) research laboratory environments involving 
invasive research cannot meet the complex physical, 
social, and psychological needs of great apes; 
(5) invasive research performed on great apes, 
and the breeding, housing, maintenance, and trans-
port of great apes for these purposes, are economic 
in nature and substantially affect interstate com-
merce; 
(6) maintaining great apes in laboratories costs 
the Federal Government more than caring for great 
apes in suitable sanctuaries that are specifically de-
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signed to provide adequate lifetime care for great 
apes; and 
(7) the National Research Council report enti-
tled ‘‘Chimpanzees in Research—Strategies for their 
Ethical Care, Management, and Use’’ concluded 
that— 
(A) there is a ‘‘moral responsibility’’ for 
the long-term care of chimpanzees used for sci-
entific research; 
(B) there should be a moratorium on fur-
ther chimpanzee breeding; 
(C) euthanasia should not be used as a 
means to control the size of the great ape popu-
lation; and 
(D) sanctuaries should be created to house 
chimpanzees in a manner consistent with high 
standards of lifetime care, social enrichment, 
and cognitive development. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this Act are to— 
(1) phase out invasive research on great apes 
and the use of Federal funding of such research, 
both within and outside of the United States; 
(2) prohibit the transport of great apes for pur-
poses of invasive research; 
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(3) prohibit the breeding of great apes for pur-
poses of invasive research; and 
(4) require the provision of lifetime care of 
great apes who are owned by or under the control 
of the Federal Government in a suitable sanctuary 
through the permanent retirement of the apes. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ASSIGNED TO AN ACTIVE PROTOCOL.—The 
term ‘‘assigned to an active protocol’’ means that a 
great ape is supported by, or used pursuant to, pub-
lic or private funding that requires invasive research. 
(2) GREAT APE.—The term ‘‘great ape’’ means 
any individual of the following species: 
(A) Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 
(B) Bonobo (Pan paniscus). 
(C) Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla or Gorilla 
beringei). 
(D) Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus or Pongo 
abelii). 
(E) Gibbon (Family Hylobatidae). 
(3) INVASIVE RESEARCH.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘invasive re-
search’’ means any research that may cause 
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death, injury, pain, distress, fear, or trauma to 
a great ape, including— 
(i) the testing of any drug or inten-
tional exposure to a substance that may be 
detrimental to the health or psychological 
well-being of a great ape; 
(ii) research that involves penetrating 
or cutting the body or removing body 
parts, restraining, tranquilizing, or anes-
thetizing a great ape; or 
(iii) isolation, social deprivation, or 
other experimental manipulations that may 
be detrimental to the health or psycho-
logical well-being of a great ape. 
(B) EXCLUSIONS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘invasive 
research’’ does not include— 
(I) close observation of natural or 
voluntary behavior of a great ape, if 
the research does not require an anes-
thetic or sedation event to collect data 
or record observations; 
(II) the temporary separation of 
a great ape from the social group of 
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the great ape, leaving and returning 
by the own volition of the great ape; 
(III) post-mortem examination of 
a great ape that was not killed for the 
purpose of examination or research; 
and 
(IV) the administration of a 
physical exam by a licensed veteri-
narian or physician conducted for the 
well-being of the individual great ape. 
(ii) PHYSICAL
EXAM.—A physical 
exam conducted for the well-being of an in-
dividual great ape, as described in clause 
(i)(IV), may include the collection of bio-
logical samples to further the well-being of 
the individual great ape, the social group 
of the great ape, or the great ape species. 
(4) PERMANENT RETIREMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘permanent 
retirement’’ means a situation in which— 
(i) a great ape is placed in a suitable 
sanctuary that will provide for the lifetime 
care of the great ape; and 
(ii) the great ape will no longer be 
used in invasive research. 
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animals are provided care for the lifetime 
of the animal; 
(ii) does not conduct invasive research 
on animals; 
(iii) does not conduct any commercial 
activity with animals, including, at a min-
imum, sale, trade, auction, lease, or loan of 
animals or animal parts, or use of animals 
in any manner in a for-profit business or 
operation; 
(iv) does not use animals for enter-
tainment purposes or in a traveling exhibit; 
(v) does not breed any animals, 
whether intentionally or by failing to use 
adequate birth control methods; and 
(vi) does not allow members of the 
public the opportunity to come into phys-
ical contact with the animals. 
SEC. 4. PROHIBITIONS. 
(a) INVASIVE RESEARCH PROHIBITED.—No person 
shall conduct invasive research on a great ape. 
(b) HOUSING
FOR INVASIVE RESEARCH PROHIB-
ITED.—No person shall possess, maintain, or house a 
great ape for the purpose of conducting invasive research. 
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(c) FEDERAL FUNDING FOR INVASIVE RESEARCH 
PROHIBITED.—No Federal funds may be used to conduct 
invasive research on a great ape or to support an entity 
conducting or facilitating invasive research on a great ape 
either within or outside of the United States. 
(d) BREEDING FOR INVASIVE RESEARCH PROHIB-
ITED.—No person shall knowingly breed a great ape for 
the purpose of conducting or facilitating invasive research. 
(e) TRANSPORT FOR INVASIVE RESEARCH PROHIB-
ITED.—No person shall transport, move, deliver, receive, 
lease, rent, donate, purchase, sell, or borrow a great ape 
in interstate or foreign commerce for the purpose of con-
ducting or facilitating invasive research on a great ape. 
(f) TRANSFER
OF OWNERSHIP PROHIBITED.—No 
Federal agency may transfer ownership of a great ape to 
a non-Federal entity unless the entity is a suitable sanc-
tuary. 
(g) EXEMPTION.—Nothing in this Act limits or pre-
vents individualized medical care performed on a great ape 
by a licensed veterinarian or physician for the well-being 
of the great ape, including surgical procedures or chemical 
treatments for birth control. 
SEC. 5. RETIREMENT. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, not later 
than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
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Secretary of Health and Human Services shall effectuate 
the permanent retirement of all great apes owned by the 
Federal Government that are being maintained in any fa-
cility for the purpose of breeding for, holding for, or con-
ducting invasive research. 
SEC. 6. CIVIL PENALTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other penalties 
that may apply under law, any person who violates any 
provision of this Act shall be assessed a civil penalty of 
not more than $10,000 for each violation. 
(b) MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS.—Each day that a viola-
tion of this Act continues shall constitute a separate of-
fense. 
SEC. 7. GREAT APE SANCTUARY SYSTEM FUND. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT
OF FUND.—There is estab-
lished in the Treasury of the United States a fund to be 
known as the ‘‘Great Ape Sanctuary System Fund’’ (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘‘Fund’’), to be adminis-
tered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to 
be available without fiscal year limitation and not subject 
to appropriation, for construction, renovation, and oper-
ation of the sanctuary system established pursuant to sec-
tion 481C of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
287a–3a). 
(b) TRANSFERS TO FUND.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Fund shall consist of— 
(A) such amounts as are appropriated to 
the Fund under paragraph (2); and 
(B) such other amounts as are appro-
priated to the Fund under this Act. 
(2) CIVIL PENALTIES.—There are appropriated 
to the Fund, out of funds of the Treasury not other-
wise appropriated, amounts equivalent to amounts 
collected as penalties and received in the Treasury 
under section 6. 
(c) PROHIBITION.—Amounts in the Fund may not be 
made available for any purpose other than a purpose de-
scribed in subsection (a). 
(d) ANNUAL REPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after 
the end of each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 
2012, the Secretary of Health and Human Services 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress a report on the operation of the Fund during 
the fiscal year. 
(2) CONTENTS.—Each report shall include, for 
the fiscal year covered by the report, the following: 
(A) A statement of the amounts deposited 
into the Fund. 
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(B) A description of the expenditures made 
from the Fund for the fiscal year, including the 
purpose of the expenditures. 
(C) Recommendations for additional au-
thorities to fulfill the purpose of the Fund. 
(D) A statement of the balance remaining 
in the Fund at the end of the fiscal year. 
SEC. 8. EFFECTIVE DATES. 
(a) PROHIBITION ON RESEARCH.—The prohibition 
under section (4)(a) shall take effect— 
(1) on the date that is 3 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act for great apes assigned to 
an active protocol on the date of enactment of this 
Act; or 
(2) on the date of enactment of this Act for 
great apes not assigned to an active protocol on that 
date. 
(b) PROHIBITION ON HOUSING AND FUNDING.—The 
prohibitions under subsections (b) and (c) of section 4 
shall take effect on the date that is 3 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act. 
(c) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—Any provision of this 
Act for which a specific effective date is not provided shall 
take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. 
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SEC. 9. SEVERABILITY. 
In the event that any provision of this Act shall, for 
any reason, be held to be invalid or unenforceable in any 
respect, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect 
any other provision of this Act, and this Act shall be con-
strued as if the invalid or unenforceable provision had 
never been included in this Act. 
Æ 
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