I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3278 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to increase penalties for certain 
computer fraud and related offenses that involve critical infrastructure, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 8, 2025 
Mr. FALLON (for himself, Mr. MOSKOWITZ, Mrs. LUNA, and Mr. MOYLAN) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the 
Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, for a pe-
riod to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for con-
sideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to increase penalties 
for certain computer fraud and related offenses that 
involve critical infrastructure, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting Critical In-
frastructure Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. FRAUD AND RELATED ACTIVITY IN CONNECTION 
WITH CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. 
Section 1030(c) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4)(G), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(5) a fine under this title and imprisonment 
for not less than 30 years or for life, in the case of 
an offense that involves critical infrastructure (as 
such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public 
Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).’’. 
SEC. 3. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOR-
EIGN PERSONS THAT KNOWINGLY ACCESS 
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE. 
(a) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—The President shall 
impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with re-
spect to any foreign person that the President determines 
knowingly accesses or attempts to access critical infra-
structure (as such term is defined in section 1016(e) of 
Public Law 107–56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))) for the purpose 
of harming— 
(1) the national security or defense of the 
United States; or 
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(2) the safety and security of any United States 
citizen or alien lawfully admitted for permanent resi-
dence. 
(b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The sanctions described in 
this subsection with respect to a foreign person de-
termined by the President to be subject to sub-
section (a) are the following: 
(A) ASSET
BLOCKING.—The President 
shall exercise of all powers granted to the Presi-
dent by the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the ex-
tent necessary to block and prohibit all trans-
actions in property and interests in property of 
the foreign person if such property and inter-
ests in property are in the United States, come 
within the United States, or are or come within 
the possession or control of a United States 
person. 
(B) INADMISSIBILITY
OF
CERTAIN
INDI-
VIDUALS.— 
(i) INELIGIBILITY FOR VISAS, ADMIS-
SION, OR PAROLE.—In the case of a for-
eign person who is an individual, the for-
eign person is— 
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(I) inadmissible to the United 
States; 
(II) ineligible to receive a visa or 
other documentation to enter the 
United States; and 
(III) otherwise ineligible to be 
admitted or paroled into the United 
States or to receive any other benefit 
under the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 
(ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—In the case of 
a foreign person who is an individual, 
the visa or other documentation 
issued to the person shall be revoked, 
regardless of when such visa or other 
documentation is or was issued. 
(II) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.— 
A revocation under subclause (I) 
shall— 
(aa) take effect immediately; 
and 
(bb) 
automatically 
cancel 
any other valid visa or entry doc-
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