(ii) publishing notice of the action as 
the court may direct promptly after filing 
the action; and 
(iii) complying with such other due 
diligence measures the Attorney General 
promulgates through regulation. 
(b) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—The actions under sub-
section (a)(2)(B)(ii) shall constitute service of process. 
(c) JURISDICTION.—In an in rem action under this 
section, an advanced false personation record shall be 
deemed to have its situs in the judicial district in which 
the person falsely depicted as engaging in material activity 
resides. 
(d) REMEDIES.—The remedies in an in rem action 
under this section shall be limited to— 
(1) a court order declaring there to be a sub-
stantial likelihood that the material activity depicted 
in such advanced technological false personation 
record is false and lacking the digital content prove-
nance and disclosures required under section 1041 
of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 
2 of this Act; and 
(2) as appropriate at the discretion of the 
court, the forfeiture by the producer of such ad-
vanced technological false personation record of 
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profits directly derived from the production and dis-
tribution of such record. 
(e) ESTOPPEL
AND
ADDITIONAL
REMEDIES.—A 
court order under subsection (d) may not be used for pur-
poses of estoppel in subsequent litigation should the living 
person or related entity bringing suit file additional ac-
tions under other provisions of law. The in rem action es-
tablished under this Act shall be in addition to any other 
civil action or remedy otherwise applicable and any other 
jurisdiction that otherwise exists, whether in rem or in 
personam. 
SEC. 5. FRAUD AND RELATED ACTIVITY IN CONNECTION 
WITH AUDIOVISUAL AND BIOMETRIC IDEN-
TITY AUTHENTICATION. 
(a) OFFENSE.—Section 1028 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘or a 
false identification document’’ and inserting ‘‘a 
false identification document, or a false audio-
visual identification record’’; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘or a 
false identification document,’’ and inserting ‘‘a 
false identification document, or a false audio-
visual identification record,’’; and 
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(C) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘a false 
identification document’’ and inserting ‘‘a false 
identification document, false audiovisual iden-
tification record’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by striking ‘‘or false 
identification document’’ and inserting ‘‘a false iden-
tification document, or a false audiovisual identifica-
tion record’’; 
(3) in subsection (c)(3)(A), by inserting after 
‘‘a document’’ the following: ‘‘or a false audiovisual 
identification record’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), insert after ‘‘let-
ters,’’ the following: ‘‘biometric indicators’’; 
(B) in paragraph (7), insert after ‘‘other 
unique physical representation’’ the following: 
‘‘including facial dimensions or characteristics, 
or visual imagery or content which appears to 
authentically depict any speech or conduct of a 
person who did not in fact engage in such 
speech or conduct’’; 
(C) in paragraph (11), strike ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(D) in paragraph (12)(B), strike the pe-
riod at the end and insert ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(E) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(13) The term ‘false audiovisual identification 
record’ means any advanced technological false 
personation record (as such term is defined in sec-
tion 1041)— 
‘‘(A) used or attempted to be used by a 
person for the purpose of assuming the identity 
of the person depicted in the advanced techno-
logical false personation record without such 
other person’s consent; and 
‘‘(B)(i) the use or attempted use of which 
is intended to further any unlawful activity that 
constitutes a violation of Federal law, or that 
constitutes a felony under any applicable State, 
territorial, or local law; 
‘‘(ii) depicts obscenity or sexually ex-
plicit conduct, considering the extent to 
which the record appeals to the prurient 
interest, is patently offensive, and lacks se-
rious literary, artistic, political, or sci-
entific value; 
‘‘(iii) depicts fighting words, which by 
their very utterance, inflict injury or tend 
to incite an immediate breach of the peace; 
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‘‘(iv) constitutes a call to imminent 
lawless action, and is likely, whether on its 
own or collectively in connection with re-
lated records, to incite or produce such ac-
tion; or 
‘‘(v) depicts or constitutes other ac-
tivities or speech that the Attorney General 
determines by regulation pose a credible 
threat to the national interests of the 
United States, which, as of the date of 
such regulation, have been determined by a 
Federal court to constitute an unprotected 
class of speech under the first amend-
ment.’’. 
(b) RULE
OF CONSTRUCTION.—The amendments 
made by subsection (a) may not be interpreted as impos-
ing any limitations on the applicability of section 1028 of 
title 18, United States Code, to any item which was cov-
ered by such section prior to the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
SEC. 6. FALSE PERSONATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 43 of title 18 of the 
United States Code is amended by adding at the end a 
new section as follows: 
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‘‘§ 918. Deepfake false personation generally 
‘‘Section 911 through 917 of this chapter shall be in-
terpreted to include producers, or persons who substan-
tially and knowingly contribute to the production and un-
lawful use of, advanced technological false personation 
records (as such term is defined in section 1041), subject 
to the exceptions under section 4041(j).’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 43 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘918. Deepfake false personation generally.’’. 
SEC. 7. DETECTION OF DEEPFAKES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF TASK FORCE.—The Sec-
retary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the 
heads of other relevant Federal entities, shall establish a 
task force within the Science and Technology Directorate 
of the Department of Homeland Security (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘Deepfakes Task Force’’), to— 
(1) advance efforts of the United States Gov-
ernment to combat the national security implications 
of deepfakes; 
(2) as appropriate, research and develop tech-
nologies to detect, or otherwise counter and combat, 
deepfakes and other advanced image manipulation 
methods and distinguish such deepfakes or related 
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forgeries from legitimate audiovisual recordings or 
visual depictions of actual events; 
(3) provide support, both administrative and 
scientific, to other Federal entities researching such 
technologies; 
(4) encourage efforts of the United States Gov-
ernment to adopt such technologies; and 
(5) facilitate discussion and appropriate co-
operation between the United States Government 
and relevant private sector technology enterprises or 
other nongovernmental entities, including academic 
and research institutions, regarding the identifica-
tion of deepfakes or other advanced image manipula-
tion methods. 
(b) PRIVATE
SECTOR
COLLABORATION.—If the 
United States Government develops technologies to reli-
ably detect deepfakes and other advanced image manipula-
tion methods and distinguish such deepfakes or related 
forgeries from legitimate audiovisual recordings or visual 
depictions of actual events, the President shall, unless the 
President determines such is contrary to the national in-
terests of the United States, seek to make such tech-
nologies available to appropriate United States private 
sector internet platforms, including social networks. 
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(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act and annually there-
after for five years, the Secretary of Homeland Security 
shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Sen-
ate an unclassified report, which may contain a classified 
annex, describing the following: 
(1) The activities of the Deepfakes Task Force. 
(2) As appropriate, technological progress re-
lated to the detection of deepfakes and other ad-
vanced image manipulation methods. 
(3) New developments related to the national 
security threat posed by deepfakes and other ad-
vanced image manipulation methods, which shall in-
clude a description of any efforts of the Russian 
Federation and the People’s Republic of China, and 
such other countries or groups as the Secretary de-
termines appropriate, to distribute deepfakes or re-
lated forgeries in the United States or other democ-
racies. 
(4) Related efforts of the United States to com-
bat and counter deepfakes and other advanced 
image manipulation methods. 
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(d) DEFINITION.—The term ‘‘deepfake’’ shall have 
the meaning given such term in section 1041 of title 18, 
United States Code, as added by section 2 of this Act. 
SEC. 8. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION. 
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall annually 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Home-
land Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a 
classified written notification and, upon request, a brief-
ing, regarding any known attempts of foreign countries 
to use deepfakes (as such term is defined in section 1041 
of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 2 of 
this Act) or other advanced image manipulation methods 
to influence or otherwise interfere in an official proceeding 
within the United States, including an election. 
SEC. 9. INFORMATION SHARING. 
The Secretary of Homeland Security shall take such 
actions as may be necessary to establish in the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security an information sharing pro-
gram relating to deepfakes (as such term is defined in sec-
tion 1041 of title 18, United States Code, as added by 
section 2 of this Act) and other advanced image manipula-
tion methods to permit online platforms (as defined in sec-
tion 10(d) of this Act) to alert other such platforms to 
prevent the spread of a malicious deepfake or other related 
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forgery, as well as to promptly alert for public dissemina-
tion news organizations regarding such deepfake or re-
lated forgery. 
SEC. 10. REQUIREMENTS FOR ONLINE PLATFORMS. 
(a) TECHNICAL CAPABILITY RELATING TO DIGITAL 
CONTENT PROVENANCE.—A provider of an online plat-
form shall ensure such platform has the technical capa-
bility to insert digital content provenance and disclosures 
of the nature described in section 1041 of title 18, United 
States Code, as added by this Act, into any deepfakes that 
are distributed on such platform. 
(b) SYSTEM TO DETECT DEEPFAKES.—A provider of 
an online platform shall have in place a system to detect 
deepfakes in the content distributed on such platform. 
(c) ENFORCEMENT BY FEDERAL TRADE COMMIS-
SION.— 
(1) UNFAIR
OR
DECEPTIVE
ACTS
OR
PRAC-
TICES.—A violation of this section or a regulation 
promulgated under this section shall be treated as a 
violation of a regulation under section 18(a)(1)(B) 
of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 
57a(a)(1)(B)) regarding unfair or deceptive acts or 
practices. 
(2) POWERS
OF
COMMISSION.—The Federal 
Trade Commission shall enforce this section and the 
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regulations promulgated under this section in the 
same manner, by the same means, and with the 
same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all 
applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade 
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incor-
porated into and made a part of this section. Any 
person who violates this section or a regulation pro-
mulgated under this section shall be subject to the 
penalties and entitled to the privileges and immuni-
ties provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act. 
(3) RULEMAKING.—The Federal Trade Com-
mission may promulgate regulations, in accordance 
with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, to 
implement this section. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) DEEPFAKE.—The term ‘‘deepfake’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 1041 of title 18, 
United States Code, as added by this Act. 
(2) ONLINE
PLATFORM.—The term ‘‘online 
platform’’ means any public-facing website, online 
service, online application, or mobile application 
which is operated for commercial purposes and pro-
vides a community forum for user-generated content, 
including a social network site, content aggregation 
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service, or service for sharing videos, images, games, 
audio files, or other content. 
SEC. 11. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall 
take effect on the date that is one year after the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
Æ 
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