1950 NAYS—171 Abernethy Flood Addonizio Forand bert Pugate Allen, Calif, Fulton Andrews Furcolo Auchincloss Garmatz, Baring Gathings Bates, Ky, Gorski Battle Gossett Beckworth Granahan Bennett, Fla Grant Bennett, Mich. Green BiemiMer Gregory Bishop Hagen Boggs, Del. Halleck Bolling Harden Bolton, Md. Hardy Bonner Hariibon Bosone Harvey Boykin Havenner Brown, Ga Hays, Ohie Bryson Hedrick Buchanan Herlong Buckley, 1, Hobbs Burke Holifield Burleson Horan Burnside Howell Byrne, N.Y. Jackson, Wash Camp Jacobs Cannon Jonas Carnahan Jones, Ala, Celler Jones, Mo Chelf Jones, N. 0, Chiperfield Karsten Chudoff Kee Clemente Kelly, N. ¥, Colmer Kerr Cooley Kilburn Corbett King Crook Kirwan Davenport Kruse Davis, Ga Lane Dawson Lanham Deane Lind DeGraffenried Lynch Delaney McCormack Denton McKinnon D'Ewart McMillan, 8 C. Donohue McSweeney Doughton Madden Doyle Magee Durham Mehon Eberharter Mansfield Elliott Marshall Engle, Calif. Miller, Calif, Feighan Mills Fellows Mitchell NOT VOTING—" Abbitt Frazier Allen, I. Gary Allen, La. Gavin Anderson, Calif.Gillette Aspinall Gilmer Bailey Gordon Barden Gore Barrett, Pa, Granger Barrett,Wyo. Gwinn Bates, Mass, Hall, Bentsen Blatnik Hand Boggs, La. Hare Breen Harris Brehm Hart Brooks Hays, Ark. Buckley, N ¥, Hébert Bulwinkle Heffernan Burdick Heller Burton Herter Cariyle Hill Carroll Hinshaw Cavalcante Hoffman, It Chatham Irving Chesney Javits Christopher Jentgon Combs Jennisgs Cooper gohnson Coudert Karat Cox Kean Crosser Keefe Davies,N. Y. Kelley, Pa. Davis, Tenn. Kennedy Dingell Keogh Dollinger Kilday Douglas Klein Eaton Kunkel Ellsworth Larcade Engel, Mich, Latham Eving Lichtenwalter Fallon Linehan Fernandes Lodge Fogarty Lucas CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Morris Moulder Multor Murdock Noland O'Brien, Ii, O'Hara, Ill, O'Sullivan O'Toole Patten Perkins Peterson Phitbin Polk Preston Price Rabaut Rankin Reed, Ill, Rhodes Ribicoff Robeson Rogers, Fla Rooney Shafer Shelley Sheppard Short Sikes Simpson, fl. Smathers Smith, Va, Stanley Steed Stigler Sullivan Tauriello Thomas Thornberry Underwood Velde Walsh Walter Weichel Wheeler White, Calif. Whitten Whittington Wickersham ‘Widnall Willlams Wilson, Ind Wilson, Okla Wilson, Tex. Wooa Woodhouse Young 67 Lyle McCarthy McGrath McGuire McMillen, Ill Mack, Ill Marcantonio Marsalis Martin, Mass. Miles Edwin Arthur Monroney Morgan Morrison Morton Murphy Murray, Tenn. Murray, Wis. Nixon Norrell Norton O'Brien, Mich, O'Neill Pace Passman Patman Patterson Pfeifer, Joseph L, Pteiffer, William L. Phillips, Tenn. Pickett Plumley Powell Priest Quinn Rains Ramsay Redden Regan Richards Rivers Rodino Rogers, Mass. Staggers Werdel Roosevelt Sutton Whitaker Babath Tackett White, Idaho Sadlak Taylor Wlor Sadowsk! Teague Wigglesworth Sanborn Thompson Willis Scott, Hardie Trimble Winstead Simpson, Pa, Vinson Yates B8ims Vursell Zablocki Smith, Ohio Wagner Spence Welch So the motion to recommit was re- jected. The Clerk announced the following Pairs: On this vote: Mr. William L. Pfeiffer for, with Mr Yates against Mr. Sadlack for, with Mr. Karst against. Mr Smith of Ohio for, with Mr, Tackett against. Mr. Eaton for, with Mr Linehan against. Mr Kean for, with Mr. Hart againet. Mr Coudert for, with Mr. Joseph L. Pfeifer against Mr Herter for, with Mr. Murphy against. Mr, Gillette for, with Mr Rodino against. M: Patterson for, with Mr Kelley of Penn- @ylvania against. Mr Simpson of Pennsylvania for, with Mr. Gilmer against. Mr. Taylor for, with Mr. Trimble against. Mr. Wigglesworth for, with Mr. Klein against. Mr Brehm for, with Mr Dollinger against Mr. Bates of Massachusetts for, with Mr, Morrison against Mr Anderson of California for, with Mr, Dingell against. Mr. Morton for, with Mr Heffernan against. Mr. Plumiley for, with Mr. Whitaker against. Mrs, Rogers of Massachusetts for, with Mr McGuire against. Mr Gavin for, with Mr Heller against. Mr Gwinn for, with M1 Hébert against Mr Edwin Arthur Hall for, with Mr. Hoff- man of Illinois against. Mr. Latham for, with Mr Hays of Arkan- eas against, Mr Kunkel for, with Mr. Roosevelt against. Mr Hinshaw for, with Mr. McGrath against, Mr. Hardie Scott for, with Mi. Aspinall against Mr. against Additional general pairs: Mr. Gary with Mr. Barrett of Wyoming. Mr O'Brien of Michigan with Mr. Engel of Michigan. Mr Barrett of Pennsylvania with Mr. Mar- tin of Massachusetts. M: O’Nelll with Mr. Nixon . Breen with Mr Sanborn, . Chesney with Mr. Werdel. Fogarty with Mr Jennings. Cavalcante with Mr. Johnson. . Kilday with Mr. Hill Welch with Mr Burdick, . Winstead with Mr. Keefe. . Gordon with Mr. Murray of Wiscon- Ellsworth for, with M.. Carroll n Mr Zablock! with Mr Phillips of Tennessee. Mr. McGrecor changed his vote from “nay” to “yea.” The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. The doors were opened. The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. The bill was passed and a motion to reconsider was laid on the table. DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE EASTERN AND WESTERN DISTRICTS OF MISSOURI Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I call up House Resolution No. 708 and ask for its immediate consideration. 10881 The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- lows: Resolved, That tmmediately upon the adoption of this resolution {t shall be in order to move that the House resolve itself tnto the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 7009) to repeal the proviso against the filling of the vacancy in the office of district judge for the eastern and western districts of Missouri. That after general debate which shall be confined to the bill and continue not to exceed 1 hour, to be equally divided and controlled by the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on the Judiciary, the bill shall be read for amendment under the 65-minute rule At the conclusion of the consideration of the bill for amendment, the Committee shall rise and report the bill to the House with such amendments as may have been adopted and the previous question shall be considered as ordered on the bill and amend- ments thereto to final passage without in- tervening motion except one motion to recommit, Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from Ohio LMr. Brown], and I now yield myself 8 minutes. Mr. Speaker, this is a resolution mak- ing in order, not the appointment of an- other judge, but making permanent a roving judge in the State of Missouri. This judgeship, incidently, is now being filled by a very able man who was a former Member of this House, former Congressman Richard Duncan. I have observed, for some reason, quite a bit of objection to the appointment of these additional judges. Of course, as long as there is need for judges to carry on the courts, we have to have the judges to do that job. In that connection I want to make this simple observation. I am supporting this resolution and I am supporting this bill, but as long as the Federal Government continues to grow and we have additional bureaucracies, additional agencies of government, and the Congress passes ad- ditional laws, we will have to have addi- tional judges to enforce them, and there is no use complaining about these par- ticular appointments. The Committee on the Judiciary has looked into the mat- ter. It has found it necessary, and I am sure that some of us do view with alarm the ever-increasing tendency to create new departments, all at the expense of the State courts. So, there is no real consistency in providing for new laws and then objecting to the appointment of new judges to see that those laws are considered in the courts. There is, as I Say, some alarm for the continuous in- creasing of the Federal court powers by the Federal laws at the expense of tho State courts, which results in the re- moval of the government that much fur- ther from the people, with the centrali- fation of government here in Washing- n. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Mississippi has expired. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself such time as I may desire. Mr, Speaker, as the gentleman from Mississippi explained, House Resolution 708 does make in order H. R. 7009, an amendment to the present law so as to provide the additiona] judgeship in the
10882 State of Missouri permanent in nature. Many of you who were here at the time, back in the summer of 1942, will recall that a judgeship was created, which was filled through the appointment of one of our colleagues of that day, Dick Duncan, who served with such distinction as a member of the important Committee on Ways and Means. At that time when the judgeship was created it was not made permanent, but only for the period of time Mr. Duncan should serve as the jurist. This bill would make that judg- ship permanent so as to give Missouri as @ permanent arrangement the Federal judges it now has, even should Judge Duncan retire. A few moments ago in connection with the Indiana judgeship bill I said I thought there was a great deal of justi- fication for the naming of an additional Federal judge in the State of Indiana, perhaps more justification for the pas- sage of that bill than any other one of these judicial measures now pending before us. I think I should correct my previous remarks by now stating that this bill provides an even more justifiable action. I am very happy and very well satisfied with the services of Mr. Duncan as a Federal judge. He has made a splendid jurist, but I am sure that the need for the additional judge will con- tinue in Missouri long after Mr. Duncan may retire from office. I am not so certain in my own mind but what we might not even use an extra judge or two down Missouri way, just to take charge of grand jury investiga- tions, and to take a few other judicial no- tices of those things that may be going on, such as violation of the election laws, and so forth. I have noticed with a great deal of interest, and some fear and trepi- dation within my heart and soul, that the crime rate in certain portions of Missouri has increased in an amazing degree in the last few years, and that a commit- tee of another body of this Congress has been making an investigation and ob- taining some rather startling evidence and revelations as to the crime situation within the State of Missouri. So with due deference to my good friends and splendid colleagues from the State of Missouri, may I say I favor the adoption of this rule and the consideration of this bill, because I believe if there is any State in the Union which needs a strong and active Federal judiciary it is the Show Me State, the great State of Missouri, Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the resolution. The previous question was ordered. The resolution was agreed to. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table, SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. REES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that the special order I have for today be vacated and that I be given permission to address the House for 10 minutes tomorrow following the legislative program and any special or- ders heretofore entered. The SPEAKER, Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Kan- sas? There was no objection, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE The SPEAKER. Under previous order of the House, the gentleman from Ohio (Mr. Burke] is recognized for 20 min- utes. (Mr. Burxe asked and was given per- mission to revise and extend his remarks and include certain printed material.) A TOTAL PEACE OFFENSIVE Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, some 15 years ago when I first met Mr. Walter Reuther I felt that he was destined to become one of the outstanding figures of our time. It has been my pleasure since that first meeting to be associated with him as a friend working toward the same objectives. My original appraisal of him has been borne out. He has be- come an outstanding figure in his own field as a fine American, ready and will- ing to contribute his great talents and his fighting qualities to our Nation's ulti- mate good. As young men striving for improve- ment in status for the working men and women in mass production industry, Mr. Reuther, his other associates, and my- self quickly found that communism will never serve the interests of the Ameri- can worker, or any other worker for that matter. Communists have attempted by energetic effort, by false but plausible sounding argument, and by deceit and fraud to gain influence and control in the American labor movement, Efforts of greater energy, factual logic, and the teaching of true American trade- union principles have defeated the Com- munist attempt to influence and control the American labor movement. Mr. Reu- ther has been in the forefront in de- feating communism. He has battled with communism in close-in combat. He has been in front-line leadership in stripping from communism its false mask and in showing it up for what it is— enslavement of people and subservience of the individual to the state. To effectively fight an evil enemy you must know who the enemy is and what methods he will use. Mr. Reuther knows the enemy and knows well his methods. We all know that Communists in Amer- ica are no different than anywhere else. They take their direction from outside the borders of our own country. Reaching into his wealth of experience and knowledge of communism and its methods, gained through his effective fight against it, Mr. Reuther last week sent to the President of the United States a proposal for a plan of action designed to bring about world peace and preser- vation of democracy in this world. He offered it, not in a spirit of “here is a cure-all plan that must be adopted with- out change,” rather, it is, he says, “an ef- fort to contribute to the thinking and discussion of the over-all problem.” Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BURKE. I yield. M.. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, I want to compliment my very good friend the gentleman from Ohio | Mr. Burke] for bringing to the attention of the House the plan proposed by Mr. Walter Reuther last week. I, too, have had the pleasure of kncwing Mr. Reuther inti- JULY 24 mately for nearly two decades. I have always found him to be a mcn of unusual intelligence and ability. I certainly con- cur in the remarks made by the gentle- man from Ohio with regard to Mr. Reuther’s leadership in the fight against communism in the American labor movement, It has been my pleasure to be associated in a minor way in a couple of those battles with Mr. Reuther. No one in America has done more to drive the Communists out of the American labor movement than Walter Reuther. I would like to comment briefly on the fact that at the outbreak of World War II Mr. Reuther offered a plan for retooling the entire automobile indus- try, to turn it into a very efficient mech- anism in the war against the Nazis, I think if we had accepted more of Mr. Reuther's plan at that time, our produc- tion methods would have keen speeded up considerably. I hope the entire country will pay at- tention to Mr. Reuther’s proposals. I think they are deserving of the careful attention of every thinking person in America. It is important that we all realize that while we must fight Com- munist aggression on all fronts, we must also offer a positive program to the peoples of this world. There is a moral vacuum as well as a material background that we Am>ricans must fill. I repeat Iam very happy thet my col- league, the gentleman from Ohio, has seen fit to bring Mr. Reuther's proposal to the attention of the House. Mr. BURKE. I thank the gentleman from Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I would like to read into the Recorp the text of Mr. Reuther’s plan entitled “A Total Peace Cffensive,” along with its foreword and its letter of transmittal to the President: A PrRoposaL For A TOTAL PEACE OFFENSIVE To Stop COMMUNIST AGGRESSION BY TAKING THE INITIATIVE IN THE WoRLD CONTEST FOR MeENn’s Minps, HEARTS, AND LOYALTIES--A POSITIVE PROGRAM OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL Action To ELIMINATE PoverRTY, HUMAN INSECURITY, AND INJUSTICE WHICH ARE THE Sources or COMMUNIST POWER (By Walter P. Reuther, president, VAW-CIO) FOREWORD In view of the character of world commu- nism and the impossibility of predicting the next power move o¢ the Politburo, no one can be certain that var is or is not inevitable. What we can be certain of is that America, the strongest nation among the free pcoples of the world, has a moral obligation and duty to ourselvcs and to the world to make an all-out effort to avoid war and to build a just and lasting peace. This proposal is suggested in the sincere belief that our best prospect of avoiding war and winning the peace lies in our pursult of a plan of action that combines a fully ade- quate military defense with a positive peace offensive. The proposal set forth herein is an effort to outline the essentials and scope of such a peace offensive We cannot give up hope for peace. To do 80 would weaken the moral fiber of our peo- ple and our allies, drying up the well- springs of hope and aspiration which are the source of the spiritual strength of a free people. To give up hope for peace mekes war inevitahte. We must not lose faith in the cauge of peace. We must not loss faith in ourselves. We must baliteve in peace. We must be prepared to work end fight for peace.
1950 There are no pat answers to the problem of our compiex and explosive world situation, There is no one simple action to atop the threat of Communist aggression and to es« tablish lasting world peace. America rejects the theory of preventive war as the answer to Soviet aggression. We could not live with ourselves nor stand be- fore the world as a defender of human free- dom and of the worth and dignity of the individual if we accepted the moral respon- sibility for launcning a war of aggression, We must work at the task before us on every sector of the world problem—on the military front, the political front, and the economic and social front. This proposal is an effort to underscore the importance and the compelling need for bold positive action on the economic and social front The Marshall plan and the work of ECA were an important beginning on this front, but a broader, more comprehensive, long- range program of economic and soctal action must be launched as a total peace offensive. During the past year many men of good will all over the world in their search for peace have made important contributions through bold and imaginative proposals The ideas and suggestions set forth herein are not advanced as a finalized plan of ac-~ tion, but rather as an effort to contribute to the thinking and discussion of the over- all problem. In the belief that in a society of freemen, the pooling and exchange of ideas and thoughts are the sources of demo- cratic decision end constructive action, I offer this proposal for the consideration of my fellow Americans. When the crisis is so great, and so much ts at stake, each of us I feel has an obligation to speak out the faith that isin him ThisI have tried to do in this proposal Wattrr P ReEvUTHER, Derrorr, Micu., July 15, 1950. —_—— A Lerrer To PRESIDENT TRUMAN JULY 15, 1950, The Honorable Harry 8 TRUMAN, The White House, Washington, D.C. My Dear Mr. PrResipeNT. Your prompt and decisive action to stop Communist aggression in Korea has given renewed hope and strengthened determination to the people of the world. As you indicated in your historic statement before the American Newspaper Guild con- vention on June 28, we must defeat the Com- munist combination of force, propaganda promises, and systematic confusion by demo- cratic performance This is democracy's propaganda of the deed against which all the weapons in the Politburo’s arsenal are futile. We know this to be a fact because it has worked in our union. We beat the Com- munists, not with propaganda, but by per-~ formance, by hard work and progress toward the objectives for which our union was formed. Other unions have done and are doing the same job We support your determination and your plan of action because, instead of mere de- fensive, negative anticommunism, you have defined the necessity for a positive three-way hitch of military defense, economic coopere- tion, and political cooperation. Addressing the guild convention {n your first statement after setting in motion the free world’s answer to Communist aggression in Korea, you said: “We must not be misled into thinking that our only task is to create defenses against aggression, Our whole purpose in creating a strong defense is to permit us to carry on the great constructive tasks of peace, Behind the shield of a strong defense we must con- tinue to work to bring about better living conditions in the free nations, “Particularly in the underdeveloped areas of the world we must work cooperatively with CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Jocal governments which are seeking to im- prove the welfare of their people. We must help them to help themselves. We must aid them to make progress in agriculture, in in- dustry, in health, and in the education of their children. Such progress will increase their strength and their independence. “The growing strength of these countries is important to the defense of all free nations against Communist aggression. It is im- portant to the economic progress of the free world, And these things are good for us as Well as good for them” I share your conviction, Later in the same statement, you said: “If we fail to carry out a vigorous point 4 Program we run the risk of losing to com- munism, by default, hundreds of millions of people who now look to us for help in their 6truggle against hunger and disease.” Your view of the future as we can make it, lighted as it is by a steady optimism based on courage and clear thinking, should give confidence and inspiration to every American and to other peoples. I refer particularly to these words in your guild statement “Point 4 is a successor to the old colontal- ism idea, the exploiting idea of the middle seventeenth, elghteenth, and nineteenth centuries We want to have a prosperous world that will be interested in buying the immense amount of surplus things that we are going to have to sell. And now to do that they have got to have something to give back to us in order that they can buy our goods. I want to keep this factory organ- ization of ours going at full tilt, In order to do that we must help these people help themselves, “Point 4 is an investment in a peaceful and prosperous world, It is a program which will bring inc’easing results over the years, It will bring about a chain reaction in eco- nomic development. It will serve to create economic health where poverty existed, and to equip the people of underdeveloped areas to carry forward their economic gains and preserve their independence ” With this, Mr. President, I most whole- heartedly agree In full support of your policy and as a contribution to its earliest possible applica- tion, I have attempted to draft a proposal equal in scope and force to the Communist. challenge that must be dealt with everywhere in the world. I present it herewith in the hope it will receive your consideration. Sincerely yours, Watrer P REUTHER, President, UAW-CI1O. THE INITIATIVE FOR Peace Can Be Ours The North Korean puppet army acting for the Kremlin must be pushed back to the thirty-eighth parallel. At a cost no one can now predict, this will be done. The price, high though it may be in lives and money, will be less than the cost of appease- ment of Soviet aggression. How many aggressions, manned by peo- ples of puppet states equipped and trained by Russian Communist commissars and gen- erals, can be resisted and thrown back before one explodes into full scale international warfare? Can we do nothing more than turn back today's aggression; drain our economy in wholly military preparation for tomorrow's aggressions; wait, hopelessly and helplessly, for the ultimate explosion of world-wide conflict? Muat the initiative for peace or war be left to the members of the Russian Politburo who, themselves, are prisoners of the very power they use to rule the people of Russia and other peoples inside the churning con- centration camp of misery which they have put together out of the wreckage of World War I? 10883 Positive action for peace ts needed now The world still staggers, stunned by the impact of violence, death and destruction of the last war. Hundreds of millions of people everywhere, of every faith, nationality and race, pray for peace while the world again prepares for war, The race to produce the H-bomb creates a great emptiness in the world, blasting man's hope for peace and filling his heart with hollow uncertainty and fear. The moral vacuum created in the world by the H-bomb must be filled. The United States has and must accept the major re- sponsibility for filling this moral vacuum with positive, human, democratic values that, in practice, will reestablish the worth and dignity of the individual human being. The war in Korea has finally awakened us to the creeping Pearl Harbor of aggression that is being engineered by the men in the Kremlin. American democracy must and, 1 belleve, can demonstrate the moral strength and economic and practical know-how nec- essary to develop and present to the world & tangible and comprehensive plan of ac- tion to achieve economic and soctal justice which will win for the cause of freedom the Joyalttes of hundreds of millions of people whose poverty and misery are now exploited by the Communists. Even at this late hour and perhaps be« cause of the very lateness of the hour, such @ program will mobilize a positive spiritual and material force in the world greater than the negative power of the H-bomb = It will release the pent-up powers stored in every man’s hidden reservoir of hopes and aspira= tions everywhere in the world. It will pro= vide hope against despair and promote revolt against rule by terror, Only the United States has the material resources for the bold, constructive action needed to banish the fear that holds the world puralyzed on dead center, hypnotized by negative values based on men’s feara and hatreds The compelling necessity for quick, posi- tive, daring action is more than a matter of high purpose, it is a matter of democratic survival. If we fail now to launch a bold, tangible, practical program for peace, we will surrender the world to the apostles of fear, hatred, and hysteria. The negative values in which they trade will contribute further to world panic and will make war inevitable. More than military victory in Korea is needed The Korean situation is not an isolated de- velopment It is part of total Communist strategy The dictators in the Kremlin will repeat the technique employed in Korea with varied patterns of infiltration, subversion, and aggression whenever and wherever they find a soft spot. We may push the Commu- nist aggressors back in Korea only to find a repeat performance itn Indochina, Burma, Iran, Turkey, Berlin, or in any one of a dozen other spots. This pattern of aggression is now clear, The prompt and decisive action of President Truman and the United Nations has united and inspired the free peoples of the world with new hope and determination. And the Politburo was no doubt startled to find that the free world has at last profited by the tragic lessons of the appeasement at Munich, The experts generally agree that the rulers of the Soviet Union are not yet ready for total war and that therefore the Korean sit- uation will remain Mmited in scope. Ameri- can forces, supported by forces of other na- tions acting through the United Nations, will be successful in pushing back the Commu- nists and in reestablishing the political status quo in Korea based on the thirty- eighth parallel. While thia task must be pursued with the full strength and united determination of free peoples acting through the United Nations, we must not delude our- selves into believing that, having achieved
10884 this military objective, we have brought about any fundamental change in the basic circumstances out of which the Korean ag~ gression developed. The Communists have perfected the tech- nique of exploiting poverty and human in- security and are forging human misery into & political weapon of aggression. They did this tn Greece and in Italy. They have done it in China, in Korea. They are doing it in southeast Asia, in south Africa, and in Latin America In terms of the cold war invented and launched by the politburo, this political and propaganda weapon, now in use around the globe, can be as devastating as a stock- pile of H-bombs. Eight hundred million people now under Communist domination Since 1945 the number of people under Soviet domination has increased from 180,- 000,000 to 800,000,000. This vast reservoir of humanity is being tapped for slave labor and military manpower to meet the require ments of Communist aggression The en- gineers of Soviet aggression have shown that they can recruit by propaganda and pres- sure vast numbers of satellite troops, there- by holding in reserve the entire Russian Army, Navy, and Air Force They need com- mit Httle more than equipment and military advisers while we must throw our own men into battle This means that our manpower and the manpower of the few nations that can supply troops for the United Nation's armies may be bled white whenever and wherever the Kremlin decides to launch a new aggression. This danger was recognized by Walter Lippmann when he recently stated “Unless our present position in the Asiatic Far E.st can be held in large measure by the will and the native force of Asiatic peo- ples, even larger bodies of American troops will become frozen there Then the advan- tages of holding these positions will—in view of our global interests—have to be weighed against the heavy Mablilities ” Only by a combination of fully adequate military measures and prompt bold action to wipe out human misery and desperation can we be successful tn winning the loyalty and support of hundreds of millions of peo- ple and strip the Kremlin of its power to exploit them and sacrifice them in battles of aggression Only by such a combination can we mobilize the will and the force of peoples to defeat the Politburo’s plan for world conquest. Freedcm's fight for Asia must be won in the rice fields The cold war is essentially a struggle for men’s minds and hearts and their loyalties. The propaganda of the Communists is based on deceit, distortion, and outright falsehood. ‘We must meet the challenge of communism, not by pious slogans about democracy's vir- tues, but by a positive program of social action tLat can and does win a fuller meas- ‘ure of economic and social justice for people everywhere The current Korean situation is a by- product of our failure in China. Commu- nism did not succeed in China, we falled in China. Our failure in China was typical of the general failure of the west to under- stand or pay heed to the social dynamics and ferment that stir the exploited and op- pressed Asiatic peoples. Western powers too often have attempted to sit on the Hd and at best to treat the people of these countries as children, entitled only to second-class economic and political citizenship. Even the most enlightened type of colonial policy will not satisfy people who vspire to full inde- Pendence, We made the tragic mistake of believing that freedom’s fight in China could be won on the battlefields alone, when all the time we should have known that basically free- dom's fight had to be won in the rice fields. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE When hundreds of millions of people are hungry, when they are struggling to get the bare necessities to keep body and soul to- gether while their offictals are living in lux- ury, we cannot fill their empty bellies with pious slogans about the virtues of democ- racy. The Communists have not conquered China; they have merely moved in to fill the vacuum created by our failure. The loss of China and the resulting de- velopments in Korea should make us under- stand the method in the madness of the men who sit in the Kremlin and plan to rule the world. They are carrying out a planned program of provocation designed to thiow the United States and our allies off guard end off balance Hirst, Greece, then Berlin, then Indochina, and now Korea On the Kremlin’s world-wide checkerboard there are still many more power moves to be attempted. The Politburo strategy 1s to promote panic Tho Politburo strategy is to create a series of crises, each serious in its proportion and potential, in order to condition and influ- ence American policy in the direction of relying more and more on military power as the sole means of meeting the power of com- munism The Kremlin dictators seek to diver. us entirely from the pursuit of a positive program of social action which is the kKey—the only key—to winning the loy- alty and suppoit of the hundreds of millions «2 people who are Hving in a state of dire poverty and who are being denied the small- est element of economic security and hu- man dignity The unceasing fury of the Communist attack upon the Marshall plan jis proof of the power of positive programs which help people help themselves to win a better life The Communists can and in many areas are now outmaneuvering us They provoke and force us into greater military expendl- tures while, posing as the liberators of en- slaved people fighting for bread, peace, and freedom, they circulate throughout the world their dishonest petitions for peace The success of the Kremlin strategy in thiowing us off balance is sharply illustrated in the United States Senate In the face of the Korean situation, while the Senate voted unanimously for the necessary $2,000,000,000 increase in military funds, it cut ECA funds by 250,000,000. The Senate Appropriations Committee then cut President Truman's rec- ommendation for $45,000,000 for point 4 aid to 810,000,000 A day or so later Governor Dewey proposed that the United States go on a hardship economy, not for the purpose of stepping up both military strangth and con- structive aid to other nations, but solely for the purpose of increasing military strength. Ex-President Hoover followed through by stating that all we need to do about commu- nism is to oppose military aggression and trust to time for this evil to abate Such proposals to place sole reliance upon military strength in the world struggle against Soviet aggression would commit us to a policy of sending more and more Amer- ican troops to fight throughout the world against more and more troops recruited from the increasing millions of people who would fall under expanding Soviet domination Un- der such a policy of sole rellance on military power there would have been no Marshall plan and the Communists would now dom- inate western Europe. Poverty and human insecurity the source of Communist power We shall not make effective lasting prog- ress against the Communists, we shall not win the millions of democratic allies needed to convert the negative defense against the Kremlin into a positive building of the peace until we understand and do something prac- tical about the basic unsolved economic and soctal problems that are the source of Com- munist power. Until we understand why deeply religious peasants attend mass in the JULY 24 morning and Communist rallies in the after- noon, we have not grasped the fundamentals of Communist power. It is not an historic accident that in the countries of Europe, such as the Scandi- navian nations, England, and Switzerland, where there is an acceptance of social re- sponsibilities with strong free democratic Jabor unions and where the average person enjoys a measure of economic security and human dignity, the Communists are without any appreciable strength or influence. The propaganda of the decd will win for democracy It ts not enough merely to make the Voice of America louder and stronger so that demo- cratic slogans may be carried to more people. Slogans and phrases ring hollowly in the ears of hungry men without concrete action to give the words meaning Without the proof of performance they are ignored, rejected, and, if shouted too often and too loudly, are resented and become ammunition for the enemy. We cannot win in a battle of words There is no ceiling on promises except men’s re- spect for the truth. The agents of the Kremlin, therefore, find it easy to out- promise use. They have in many countries a wealth of real grievances to denounce, In two many instances they have the mistakes and failures of anti-Communist nations to exploit. But communism caunot compete in per- formance. The Voice of America will be able to rekindle hope for pcace and belief in free- dom and justice in the hearts of men when it can answer totalitarian promises with democratic performance. Our propaganda must be the propaganda of the deed We must prove in action that bread and freedom can live together in the same house We must launch a total peace offensive. A PROPOS4L FOR A TOTAL PEACE OFFENSIVE It fs proposed that along with the building of adequate military defense we further strengthen our position in the world by Jaunching total war against poverty and human insecurity, thereby striking at the heart of Communist power and influence. We can seize the initiative for peace by putting into effect a greatly expanded for- eign aid program geared to the economic and social needs of people throughout the world while promoting a practical program of eco- nomic and social justice at home This di- rect attempt to destroy the sources of Com- munist power will have to be supported by an adequate system of defense based on joint planning and pooling of strength with our democratic allies. It is proposed in effect that we take the price tag off peace. It is proposed that we agree to win peace with freedom and justice with whatever it takes to win it It is pro- posed that we mobilize our people morally, spiritually, economically, and politically in a total effort for peace. A nine-point program for building lasting peace It is proposed that the American psople, through their Government, express concrete- ly their devotion to peace, justice, and hu- manity by making a fixed commitment to the peoples of the world as follows: 1. For the next hundred years (1960-2059) the people of the United States through their Government pledge themselves to make available through the United Nations an an- nual sum of 813,000,000,000, (This, over the hundred-year period, will equal the final money cost—$1,300,000,000,000—of the last war to the American people.) Other nations will be asked to make sim- flar investments in peace according to their ability, but the United States investment will not be conditional upon payments by other nations,
1950 2. The annual sum of $13,000,000,000 made available by the people of the United States through their Government shall be depos- ited in @ special United Nationa Fund for Economic and Social Construction, This fund shall be used solely to help people in other nations to help themselves by devel- oping and expanding the economic resources and facilities of the participating nations and for other purposes that will contribute to improvement of living standards, includ- ing nutrition, housing, health, and education of their people An annual report will be made to the people of the world listing exe penditures and spccific results achieved 8. The annual sum of $13,000,000,000 shall be made available to the peoples of all na- tions including the Soviet Union and its satellite nations on equal terms, subject to the conditions set forth below, and shall be allocated among the participating peoples according to a formula based on objective measures of their respective economic and social needs 4 This proposal, upon adoption by the Congress of the United States, shall be sub- mitted to the peoples of the world by the President of the United States through the United Nations. 6 Upon acceptance of this proposal by a majority of itg member nations, the United Nations shall convene an international con- ference for the purposes of achieving total disarmament, establishing universal inspec- tion and other appropriate security contiols and creating an international police force, The refusal of one or more natiuns to co- operate in disarmament shall not affect the commitment of the people of the United States who shall neveitheless through their Government make the 813,000,000,000 un- nual payment into the United Nations Fund for Economic and Social Construction. Aid from the fund shall, in that case, be made available to those remaining nations which agree to cooperate in a program of mutual defense until such vime as a disarmament program is universally accepted Such mu- tual defense program shall be fleveloped by the United Nations; and all participating shall agree not to employ their armed forces outside their boundaurles except at the di- rection of the United Nations. 6. Atter acceptance of this proposal in principle by all or a majority of tts mem- ber nations, the United Nations shall con- vene a Peoples’ World Assembly for Peace to discuss the proposal in detail and to make recommendations to the United Nations cun- cerning its implementation. Each member nation of the United Na- tions shall be entitled to be-represented in the Peoples’ World Assembly for Peace by 18 delegates in all, composed of 2 each from the organization or organizations most rep- resentative of the following groups in tts population: dirt farmers, industrial workers, housewives, youth, veterans, educators, scientists, professional persons, businessmen, and religious leaders. The Peoples’ World Assembly for Peace shall present its recommendations to the Secretary General of the United Nations who shall forward them to the governments of all member nations for official action by the UN Assembly. The Peoples’ World Assembly for Peace shall be reconvened annually to hear reports on expenditures, projects, and achlevement and to discuss and make rec- ommendations concerning future operation and projects of the peace program. 7. The United Nations shall be requested to expand its existing agencies and to create such new agencies as may be needed to ad- minister the world-wide program of economic and social construction made possible and financed by the funds made available by the people of the United States through their Government and by other peoples through their governments. 8. The United Nations shall create a special agency which shall be authorized to employ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE scientists and technicians to develop pro« grams and techniques for the development and application of atomic power and energy for peacetime use within the Mmits permitted by security measures made necessary by the refusal of one or more nations to agree to untversal disarmament and inspection. Such atomic project shall be financed out of the United Nations Fund for Economic and Soctal Construction and the services of this agency shall be made available to assist the peoples of all participating nations to build a richer Mfe for themselves and the world community. 9 The United Nations and its member na- tions who accept and pledge cooperation in carrying forward this peace proposal shall take effective steps to expand and strengihen the means of mass communication and to use them to familiarize the peoples of all nations with the commitment of the peoples of the United States and of other nations and with the provisions, possibilities, and concrete economic and social achievements of this peace proposal. A POSITIVE PROGRAM WILL WIN THE LOYALTY OF PLOPLES The facts of performance can penetrate the fron curtain. Pcople now in the free nations who came originally from any nation reject- ing this proposal should be asked to make ahect appeals to the peoples of those nations. Such appeals, based on personal knowledge and cxperience, are more effective than pro- fessionally written statements as was proved in the letter-wiititng that preceded the Ital- jun elections in the spring of 1948 They, plus United States action on the Marshall plan, did much to defeat the Communist drive for power in Italy We must develop the techniques to pene. trate the tron curtain s0 that people in any country which might reject this peace pro- posal will realize the magnitude of their logses because of inability to share in the United Nations Fund for Economic and So- cial Construction and because of being forced to continue to hear the crushing burden and anxicties of armament for aggression. The cost of armaments must be spelled out in bread and butter terms. The Rus- sian people must be made aware, for exam. ple, that in 1947 their expenditures on ra- tional defense came to 56,700,000,000 rubles, an amount equivalent to 51 percent of the 130,000,000,000 ruble total value of their entire industrial output. They must be helped to realize what their own industries could provide in shoes for their feet, in shirts, dresses and coats for their backs, in chairs and tables for their homes. in scarce drugs for their sick childrén, in all the ne- cessities and comforts that they now Iack, if only their government could be gotten to agree to join with others in universal dis- armament and inspection. Spell tt out to the victims of Communist domination The victims of Communist domination must be told how much more they could have in food, in clothing, In improved shel- ter, in comfort and convenience, in ma- chinery to lighten their toll and to enable them to produce more with less effort if their governments would permit them to share in the $18,000,000,000 a year that the people of the United States ale putting up on behalf of peace in the world and a better tomorrow for all peoples. Day by day, the Voice of America must be enabied to reach the farthest corners of the vast totalitarian prison behind the tron cur- tain with reports of factories built in other countries to produce the things that make life richer; of steves, radios, refrigerators, washing machines and automobiles made available to new millions; of lands cleared of malarial mosquitos; of new dams preventing floods, irrigating arid lands and producing vast supplies of energy; of crop yields rising; of empty bellies filled and of deficiency dis- eases banished; of infant mortality declining 10885 and literacy rising; of thousands of new homes, hospitals, and schools; of labor eased: hours of toil shortened and real wages and living standards rising everywhere on the face of the earth where governments have responded to their peoples’ yearnings for peace and plenty in place of war and weapons and the costs of war. We must create the realities, the factual conditions that will make such reports possi- ble With the people in Communist doml- nated satellite countries fully conscious of the cost in bread and butter terms of the re- fusal by their governments to join with other Nations on the basis of this peace proposal, the internal pressures would be such that no police state could for long continue to defy the will of the people by refusing to partici- pate in the program for universal disarma- ment and peace. Faced with the loss of their satellite na- tions, and the weakening of their ability to further exploit poverty and misery as politi- cal weapons for the expansion of their sphere of domination, the Commissars in the Kreme lin may recognize that they cannot conquer and enslave the world, The strategists of the Politburo are schooled in the politics of power. They re- spect only superior power. If they are forced to recognize that they can neither win nor hold the loyalty of other peoples throughout the world, they may yleld to the facts of su- perior strength possessed by aroused and united peoples. Thus the world may be saved from the catastrophe of total war. But even if worst comes to worst and the power- drunk men in the Kremlin decide to stake all on victory in total war, we shall have taken millions of potential allies away from them; we shall have won these people to our side by having made & supreme effort to avoid war by the launching of a positive peace offensive. Whichever decision the men in the Kreme lin make, we must intensify the fight against Soviet enslavement in the field of economic and social action where the weight of our ad- vanced technology and developed productive resources gives us an overwhelming margin of superiority in power which the Commu- nists cannot ignore We must do more than fight defensively in the Kremlin's cold war, and do more to win the peace our way, the way of ECA and point 4, with the fire power of our peace offensive stepped up at least four times its present intensity, Politburo steals wealth and conscripts manpower A total peace offensive will expose, by con trast, in all its cynical and coldly calculated brutality, the Kremlin's exploitation and en- slavement of the people under its control, Once it has established domination and in- stalled its rule by force and terror, the Polit- buro systematically drains wealth out of the nationa governed by ite puppet dictntors, In eastern Germany and throughout its sphere in eastern Europe it has already dragged living standards down toward the appalling low levels of the Russian people. The manpower and the wealth of Soviet satellite nations are conscripted to feed the insatiable Communist war machine. Mil. lions of Poles, Germans, Czechs, and other eastern Europeans now serve as slave labor. To these are to be added uncounted millions of the peoples of China and Asia drawn into the Soviet war machine as slave laborers and aa expendable front-line troops. Winning partners in peace and allies if total war comes Instead of taking. we propose to give Instead of reducing the living standards of other people, we propose to help them raise their living standards. Instead of confiscating their crops, we pro- pose to help them modernize their agricul ture for the production of more food. Instead of drafting men and women for forced labor in the service of the Soviet war
10886 machine, we propose to free them and assist them in the building of a richer Ife. Instead of draining their countries of min- eral wealth and other natural resources, we propose to help them develop and use these resources for the fulfillment of their own needs Instead of driving their bodies in speeded- up production for the Soviet war machine, we propose to assist them in achieving decent wages, hours, working conditions, and the tight of collective bargaining, and obtaining medicine, hospitals, and schools for them and their families. This is an offer understandable in any Janguage because It talks in terms ot tools, jobs, food, housing, health, education, secu- rity, and freedom It is on this front that we can achieve our greatest success in winning the loyalty of milthons of people as partners in the positive job of building the peace or, in the event of war, a3 Aghting allies in the defense of frecdom. Blessings of peace and disarmament at home The achievement of universal disarmament would bring tne blessings of lasting peace to America in terms of intangible human values on which no price can be set. In addl- tion, it would make it possible for the Ameri- can people to make substantial social prog- ress in the form of higher living standards, greater security, incieased social services and e fuller and richer life in educational and cultural values, The heavy financial burden of war is re- flected in the current Federal budget of over $40,000,000,000 of which approximately 75 percent is earmarked to meet the cost of past and possible future wars We are currently spending approximately $15,000,000,000 annually out of the Federal budget for military purposes and this will no doubt be sharply increased it the world situ- ation continues to deteriorate . The achievement of universal disarmament would permit America to divert the billions of dollars now being spent for military re- quirements and national security to the task of meeting the unlimited peacetime needs of our people. WE MUST PRACTICE AT HOME WHAT WE PREACH ABROAD Nowhere ts the gap between our promises and our performance as great as in the fleld of civil rights. Among peoples in underde- veloped countries, gieatest doubt about our high moral statements on democracy, free- dom and the worth of the individual is caused by our continued practice of a double stand- ard of citizenship here at home. The United States cannot provide unassnilable moral leadership in the world in this time of crisis and panic until we end that double standard. The serious gap between what American democracy preaches and what it practices in the field of civil rights has provided and daily continues to provide the Communists with one of their most effective weapons in win- ning ground among the Asiatic and other peoples. The dally propaganda broadcast beamed out of Moscow and released in other centers of Communist propaganda and agitation, eploits to the fullest the ugly facts of racial discrimination and violation of civil rights practiced in America and tolerated even in the Capital of our Nation. Enactment of the President’s civil rights program is more than a matter of justice and decency. In the world struggle for survival it is a must on democracy’s agenda of un- finished business if we are to provide moral leadership along with material aid and guid- ance in the building of the peace. THE WORK TO BE DONE There is no lack of work to be done in the world with the $13,000,000,000 a year which CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE it is proposed that we invest through the United Nations in the coopelative job of building peace for people In fact, to attain within the measurable future a standard of Nving approximating the level now to be found in the more highly developed nations, substantial supplemen- vation of our investment in peace will be required. Some indications of the need The needs are shocking They explain the hatred of colonialism and its postwar varia- tions ‘They explain the initial success of Communist promises, infiltration, and ag- gression Hundreds of millions of human beings have literally nothing to lose but hunger, disease, and the prospect of early death Even the thrent of forced labor and rule by terror will not always outweigh Com- munist promises of food, shelter, and clothing For example, of the one and a quarter billion population of Asia, 875,000,000, or 70 percent, depend for thelr livelihocd upon agriculture For every member of its populction living on the land, Asia produces little more than one-twelfth as much as North and Central America. As against our infant mortality rate of 31 per thousand live births, Ceylon has 101, Korea has 116, Formosa has 125, India has 151, Burma has 204 As against our life expectancy of 65 years for white men, life expectancy for Chinese men {is 41; for Siamese, 37, for the men of India, 27. As against our illiteracy rate of 27 percent, Ceylon has 42 percent, Korea, 69 percent, Turkey, 79 percent, India, 91 percent. Modernized agriculture in Asia can release millions of workers The living standards of the Asiatic peoples can be materially raised by producing more food per man, thus freeing tens of mullions to work in industries. But bellies must be filled firat, and, where men on the land can grow barely enough to feed themselves and their families, workers cannot be spared from the land to produce necessities and comforts beyond the primary necessity of food to keep body and soul together. Even when billions are actually invested in Asia for river development, for fertilizers, for agricultural machinery and implements and insecticides, the job will be only begun. If we help Asia, with technical advice and equipment, to restore its eroded land and to use dams and related projects to prevent floods, to irrigate arid land, to produce fer- tilizers, and to generate power for its farms, transportation facilities, and industries, the major job will still remain Only the first stage of the greatest pioneering Job of the twentleth century will have been completed. Of the 700,000,000 persons who would be displaced from the Innd in such a change over & period of years, possibly 150,000,000 to 200,- 000,000 would be workers, after allowance ts made for women needed in the home, for children, and for other nonworking depend- ents. Here is a labor force as large as the total population of the United States. Its energies could be employed in the filling of human needs and wants beyond the basic need for food. If we assume, as does the Food and Agri- cultural Organization of the United Nations, that it requires $1,000 investment per worker to provide capital facilities (a place to work and tools to work with) for each worker added to the industrial labor force in under- developed countries, there ts an investment need for industrial purposes in Asia alone of $150,000,000,000 to $200,000,000,000 on top of other billions to improve agricultural effi- ciency and increase food ~roduction, JULY 24 PEOPLE MUST BE HELPED TO DO VAST JOB THEMSELVES Tf it were intended to do a job of this magnitude on a world-wide scale with noth- ing more than $13,090,000,000 a year, genera- tions would elapse before all peoples would be brought to a parity with our own stand- ards, which would continue to rise in the meantime. It is not proposed that we underwrite the entire Job ourselves. This is not a proposal for an unending international relief pro- giam, but a program to help other peoples help themselves. Our job is to provide the hope and the material impetus. Men who live by plow- ing exhausted land with sticks to make it yield a few grains of rice are too occupied with the business of keeping alive from day to day--and too poor—to hope, plan, and invest for a better tomorrow. We havo the opportunity and the resources to provide the hope and the seed capital tor investment and the know-how for produc- tion As the first investments, provided by ‘us through the United Nations, begin to bear truit, hope will come to life Out of the pro- ceeds of the first investment it will be pose sible both to increase living standards imme- aiately and to conserve part for further ine vestment for still higher living standards to- morrow. Each new investment from savings at home and from the United Nations fund financed by the people of the United States and perhaps other nations will yield a larger surplus above bare necessities out of which savings can be made tor still further invest- ment in expanded production facilities. CAN WE AFFORD THE COST OF THIS INVESTMENT IN PEACE? The United States can afford the cost of peace We must stand up and demonstrate that we have the courage to remove the price tag fiom our efforts to lead the world to hon- orable and lasting peace. Whatever such a peace may cost it is infinitely less than the cost of war We can afford the cost of the total peace offensive outlined herein, including adequate armed defenge, short of total war, $13,000,- 000,000 annually in foreign aid, and social progress at home. If worst comes to worst and circumstances compel us to fight total war, the American people will be willing to make whatever sacrifices will be needed to put our total resources and maximum effort into winning that war. However, by waging an all-out peace offensive we shall have the best prospect of avoiding the infinitely great- er costs and sacrifices of total war. World War IT lasted 44 months, and accord- ing to ECA Administrator Paul Hoffman, its tutal final cost to the American people will be $1,300,000,000,000. It cost $29,500,000,000 per month. It cost $985,000,000 per day. It cost $41,000,000 per hour. The above figures make no allowance for the incalculably greater cost of war in human lives and human values. HOW BIG I8 $13,000,000,000? The sum of $13,000,000,000 a year seems big standing by itself. But it 1s insignificant when measured against our alternatives and our capacities Thirteen billfon dollars is one one-hun- dredth of the cost of World War II. Thirteen billion dollars 18 less than 5 per- cent of our current yearly outpu»s. Within & years it will be less than 4 percent. Thirteen billion dollars is less than the in- crease that we can normally expect in a 2-year period in the total output of the American economy, Full employment will meet the cost of building lasting peace The last depression cost the American peo- Ple $560,000,060,0C0 in lost production. This
1950 is nearly double the value of our gross na- tonal product in 1948, the highest in his« ory At present there are about 8,500,000 un- employed persons tn the United States able to work and actively looking for work. There are an additional 2,000,000 or so working part time who want and are available for Tull-time work. The full or partial idleness of these two groups alone represents the equivalent of perhaps four and one-half to five million full time workers whose output is being lost. Since our gross national prod- uct last year approximated $4,400 per civilian employee, it would take the equivalent of only 3,000,000 additional full-time jobs to produce the $13,000,000,000 a year required to cover the cost of the program for a total of- fensive for peace as outlined herein When we decide to wage peace with the fame vigor and determination with which we wage war we can enlist the labor of mil- lions of people not now in the Iabor market who would be glad to participate in the creative job of building the peace. With the increase in production made possible by the full employment of this expanded labor force we can meet the cost of a total peace Offensive, build adequate military de- lenses, short of total war, and provide fur- ther social and economic progress for the American people. The proof that we can do this job by mobilizing our full productive potential Was furnished by the unprecedented production achievements during World War II Faced with the challenge of war, millions of women left their kitchens and old folks came out of retirement to help produce the needed goods and services to back up our fighting men. If we achieve comparable mobilization of our 1950 manpower potential In the same ratio as we achieved in 1944, we can increase our working force to 71,000,000 with which to meet civilian and military manpower re- gulrements This will permit doubling our present number of men under arms and still make available approximately 8,000,000 additional workers for civillan employment. “Where's the money coming from?”-—new tax sources The $13,000,000,000 annual investment in peace which is here proposed represents an increase of only about 89,000,000,000 over the foreign economic sid we have been providing, Part of the additional funds could be ob- tained by restoring wartime tax rates on cor- porations and upper-income taxpayers, Cor- porations paid taxes of approximately 57 percent on their profits during the war. At present profit levels, a 60-percent aver- age rate of tax on corporate profits would pro- vide $7,000,000,000 of increased taxes. If, in addition, taxes on individuals with gross in- comes of $15,000 or more were restored to war- time rates, a substantial part of the addi- tional 89,000,000,000 in tax revenue would be obtained. But large increases in revenues would flow from the proposal without raising tax rates. By putting enough people to work to produce $13,000,000,000 in additional wealth the entire tax base is broadened. At least $2,000,000,000 in additional Government revenue would be provided at present tax rates from the in- crease in personal incomes. Corporation tax payments would increase by perhaps an- other 82,000,000,000 due to the increased profits resulting from increased production. This total peace offensive is proposed in the belief that in the cause of total peace as in total war we must step up production to the limits of our resources, Therefore, with the wartime rate of taxation restored on cor- poration profits and on incomes of the well~ to-do, it would be possible to increase Gove ernment revenue toward meeting the in- creased cost of foreign ald and stepped-up military expenditures, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE This is no time for men of little fatth With our human and material resources fully mobilized for peace, we can do the job before us. Our ability to do eo will be chal- lenged by the men of little vision and no faith who have dedicated their lives to a perpetual losing struggle against every next step in mankind's progress. These same little men were without cour- age or vision when we faced the challenge of Hitlerism and Nazi aggression. Until June 22, 1941, they joined Communists, Nazis, and Fascists in announcing that “the Yanks aren't coming.” They dragged their feet and clung to the policy of too little and too late both before and after Pearl Harbor. They challenged President Roosevelt and said that the production goals he set for the United States were fantastic and could not be met, The record of achievement on the produc- tion front proved these little men to be wiong and President Roosevelt to be right, for his production goals were met and doubled. By their cries now for sole reliance on military force to save the world from Come munist aggression they are again demon- strating the same lack of faith in the strength and capacity of America to meet the chal- lenge of peace. We must free ourselves from the paralyz- ing effect of the campaign of moral and political intimidation that is being waged among us by these men of little faith who would sell America short and leave the world with no hope for peace. WE MUST BREAK PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS The stecl industry currently operating at full capacity cannot meet our present needs. We must take positive steps to expand our basic steel production capacity to meet both our expanding military and civilian require- ments We are faced now with a situation comparable to that faced in the period im- mediately before and after Pear] Harbor, The owners of the steel industry, wedded to a program of planned economie scarcity with low volume and high prices, said then as they say now that the steel industry’s ca- pacity is adequate. They failed then as they fail now to take steps to expand capucity. It was not until the then Senator Harry 8. Truman, chairman of the Senate War In- vestigating Committee, exposed thelr will- ful negligence that the Government took steps to assure the expansion of eteel pro- duction facilities necessary to win the war, Steel production must be erpanded At the end of the war the monopoly in- terest in the steel industry rushed back to normalcy and again reinstituted the policy of planned scarcity with low production and high prices Three years ago when this mat- ter was raised before the Senate Committee on Small Business, conclusive evidence was developed clearly indicating the need for further expansion of steel production facit- ties to meet America’s growing needs. Again the forces of monopoly and scarcity who control the steel industry, represented by the American Iron and Steel Institute, denied the need for further expansion, claiming that America’s needs were tempo- rary and that excess steel capacity would soon develop Their stubborn refusal to recognize re- quirements and to expand capacity to meet our needs jeopardized our national security in the period before and after Pearl Harbor and now again jeopardize our future. Fail- ure of the steel industry to take immediate practical steps to expand steel production capacity will compel the Government again to take action to break this production bot- tleneck now as it was compelled to do in the war. Idle war plants must be put to work Production bottlenecks in other basic ine dustries must be dealt with in a like manner 10887 where the owners and managers of such in- dustries continue in their refusal to expand production capacity to meet our military and civilian needs. Until these bottlenecks are broken, basic materials in short supply must be allocated with priority given to es- sontial military and civilian requirements. Idle Government-bullt war plants of all types, which stand today as monuments to our failure to plan for the future, must be immediately and fully mobilized as function- ing production units. Fully manned with a highly trained working force these plants could be producing both military and ct- villan goods and would be acceptable of quick shift to all-out war production when needed YOUTH HAS A STAKE IN THIS PROPOSAL Each year our high schools, colleges, and universities add approximately 1,000,000 new workers to our potential wealth producers. These youths look to us to provide the oppor« tunity for use of their training and talents, This peace proposal will provide opportuni- ties for them to help in the crentive and positive job of building the peace. It sug- gests an all-out effort to avoid the necessity of giving these young Americans the job of fighting an all-out war. This proposal offers our sons and daugh- ters an opportunity to participate directly in the constructive work that must be done xt home and in the world It opens up new frontiers in the valleys of tho Yellow, the Yangtze, the Ganges, the Jordan, and other great rivers where young American engineers, agricultural specialists, doctors, nurses, and teachers can use their energies, training, and creative ingenuity to assist and tiain the people of underdeveloped countries to re- store and increase the productivity of their land and to improve their health and living standards. Our young doctors, engineers, and teach- ers of the years to come can be offered oppor- tunities to travel voluntarily to the ends of the earth with medicines, slide rules, and books in their hands, or they can be drafted for shipment to the same areas with rifles slung to their backs. From their earliest years of consciousness our young people have found inspiration in the adventurous years at the beginning of our history when pioneers year after year moved forward the advance posts of civiliza- tion This proposal for peace offers oppor- tunity for adventure and ploneering on new social and economic frontiers This is pioneering for peace and freedom, which can be made secure in the world only if they rest upon a broad foundation of social and economic justice. We in America must dedicate ourselves and give leadership in the building of that foundation for a last~- ing peace. Freed from the crushing burdens of arma- ments and war, eqtipped with the tools of modern technology and science, all peoples can cooperate in creating a world of abund- ance in which man can enjoy peace, economic security, the fullest measure of political and spiritual freedom and human dignity. THE TIME FOR ACTION IS NOW Prompt and decisive action by President Truman and the United Nations in resisting military attack on South Korea has undoubt- edly forced some revision in the Communist timetable of aggression. We cannot know whether total war will come, or if so, when. We owe it to ourselves and to the people of the world to make an all-out effort for peace in the hope of avoiding total war. This pro- posal is suggested in the sincere belief that our best prospect of avoiding war and wine ning the peace lies in s plan of action that combines fully adequate miiltary defense with a positive peace offensive.
10888 We are at the place in world history where we must recognize that the best hope of sav- ing freedom and achieving a just and last- ing peace {s in action—action so challenging, Bo vast in scope, so practical in design, and so sincere in purpose that it will fill the moral vacuum in the world with reborn hope and a renewed spirit of cooperation among the pecple of all nations. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BURKE. I yield to the gentle- man from Arkansas. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I think the gentleman is rendering a service in in- troducing the Reuther plan for our in- formation, I have not had the pleasure of reading it, but I shall read it. I agree that there is wisdom in emphasizing posi- tively the peace aspects of the present American policy. Mr. Symington was before our Committee on Banking and Currency today, and in response to one question; that is, that the proposal of the President for enlarged powers was based upon the assumption that war is ahead, he replied in the negative; that actually the prospects for peace are brighter because of the alerted attitude of the people of America as a result of the Korean invasion. I think that the observation made by the gentle- man’s colleague from Ohio recently (Mr. McSweeneEY], when he pointed out that in some respects the Russians had ex- celled us in the propaganda field, is a correct observation. The time has come for us to make our position clear be- fore the world that our goal is the goal of peace and justice. There is no rea- son in the world for allowing the Rus- sians to seize the symbols of peace, to misuse the words democracy and peace, but the necessity is upon us for empha- sizing the positive and constructive goal of the American people. I think the gentleman has done us a service, whether we agree with Mr. Reu- ther or not, in the specific proposals that he advances, in pointing out that thoughtful people are willing to imple- ment our peaceful purposes in the world. Mr. BURKE. I thank the gentleman from Arkansas. I believe Mr. Reuther’s statement carries out that idea that of course it is not necessary to agree in toto with the proposal, but it is a basis for some constructive thought and deci- sion. I yield back the remainder of my time, Mr. Speaker. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and was given permission to address the House for 10 minutes on Wednesday and Thursday next, after the conclusion of the legislative business of the day and any other special orders heretofore entered. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my re- marks at this point in the Recorp. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wis- consin? There was no objection. Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, we in the House of Representatives, and espe- cially the members of the Ways and Means Committee, were careful when CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE considering H. R. 6000, to amend the Social Security Act, to restrict the bill to old-age insurance and related warfare programs and to avoid unrelated issues, We did not want to change our unem- ployment insurance system by a rider. When the Senate passed the bill, how- ever, it added the so-called Knowland amendment to H. R. 6000. This amend- ment has absolutely nothing to do with old-age insurance. It is totally irrele- vant to public assistance for the needy and the aged. It is about as far re- moved as I can imagine from the child welfare program of the Federal Govern- ment. And yet this amendment was spliced to H. R. 6000, a measure solely concerned with these three phases of Federal activity. No hearings have ever been held on the Knowland amendment. The matter has never been discussed in committee on its merits. I very much fear, there- fore, that proper consideration has never been given to the broad implications of this amendment. The purpose seems to be to delay the requirement of conform- ity of State law with the standards set by Congress until the interpretation of the particular State unemployment com- pensation law has been passed upon by the highest State court. I submit, however, that the amend- ment actually would do much more than this. Under the present law, certifica- tion of a State law is denied to any State which has so “changed its law” that it no longer meets the congressional] stand- ards. This can, under present law, be either by legislative action or by admin- istrative or judicial interpretation. But under the Knowland amendment, certifi- cation would be denied only if a State has “amended its law” by action of the legislature so that it no longer meets the congressional standards. This means that no matter how the original law is interpreted by the administrative offi- cials or the courts—even where the State interpretation is at complete variance with the congressional standards—no question of conformity with such stand- ards could be raised. The Federal Gov- ernment would be required to use Fed- eral funds in support of such a system without any adequate recourse. I think the whole amendment is completely out of line with anything this House wants to consider in a social security bill. One aspect of this whole matter has been given very little attention, and that is the serious implications of this pro- posal as to other Federal-State programs involving the grant of Federal funds. I very much fear that the Knowland amendment could become a precedent for all of these programs. These other programs typically provide for the sub- mission by a State of a plan which meets standards enacted by the Congress. The Federal Administrator is directed to ap-- prove any plan which meets these stand- ards and to deny continued certification if any plan is so changed that it no longer contains the required provisions or if in the administration of the plan there is a failure to comply with those requirements in a substantial number of cases, These directives of the Congress ex- pressed in other Federal-Stave programs JULY 24 are substantially similar in purpose and effect to the requirements in the unem- ployment compensation system to which the Knowland amendment relates. The pattern is the same and similar problems arise. I want to cite a few examples to show exactly what I have in mind. Under the public assistance program there was recently a State administra- tive decision denying old-age assistance benefits to all Indians in contravention of standards set by the Congress, The law of the State had not been amended by the legislature to achieve this result and the legality of this exclusion had not been passed upon by the supreme court of the State. It was nevertheless readily apparent that benefits were be- ing denied contrary to the congressional standards. The question was immedi- ately raised with the State and the mat- ter was adjusted as a condition of any further grants of Federal money to the State. Now if the Knowland amend- ment were to apply in this situation, the ability to maintain the minimum standards would be greatly curtailed. Although the law of the State had been changed by an administrative interpre- tation of general effect still no ques- - tion could be raised if a provision like the Knowland amendment applied. This is because there was no legislative change in the State plan. Moreover, the question had not been decided by the highest State court, which is another requirement of the Knowland amend- ment. Years would probably have elapsed before the matter would have been decided by the highest State court even if the needy claimants had enough money to appeal to the courts. Mean- while benefits would be denied perhaps to many hundreds of penniless and aged Indians, The same situation arises under other provisions of the Social Security Act. It could arise as to aid to dependent chil- dren, as to maternal and child welfare, and as to aid to the blind. The unem- ployed, the aged, the blind, the ill, and our dependent children are all in urgent need of the benefits to which they are entitled. When they are deprived of these benefits whether by administrative action or by the lower courts, their suf- fering is as great as it is when the legis- lature acts or when the highest State court speaks. And any of these agents of the State can equally place into gen- eral effect a State rule which is contrary to the standards set by the Congress. Federal standards, together with pro- visions to insure that those standards will be complied with, are contained in almost every grant-in-aid statute passed by Congress. They are found in grants for hospital construction, grants for prevention, control, and treatment of venereal diseases, grants for agricultural research, reforestation, for agricultural experiment stations, grants for maternal and child welfare, and various other statutes. Although the Knowland amendment to H. R. 6000 is applicable only to the unemployment-compensa- tion program, its principles could as easily be used to jeopardize many other programs which provide for grants-in- aid to the States. The Ways and Means Committee has just authorized a subcommittee tu take
1950 up an {immediate study of our unem- ployment-compensation system with a view to revision and improvement. Questions such as these very serious ones raised by the Knowland amendment will be part of the business of the subcom- mittee. It is only in this way that these matters can receive the full deliberation which they deserve. This would repre- sent the orderly legislative process—the only way to secure sound legislation. I therefore earnestly urge our conferees on the social-security bill to oppose this ili-considered Knowland amendment and to await the results of the subcom- mittee’s hearings and deliberations, WAR AND ECONOMY Mr. FURCOLO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 10 minutes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mas- sachusetts? There was no objection. Mr. FURCOLO. Mr. Speaker, since the war in Korea, there has been a ten- dency on the part of everyone in the Nation to disregard Government spend- ing. The general attitude seems to be: “We cannot talk about money now that there is a war.” I think that attitude overlooks the most important point of all: namely, that we can spend ourselves into disaster if we are not careful. In fact, there is a@ great deal of evidence to show that our main potential enemy has planned a campaign to force us to do just that. In the situation in which we find our- selves today, our military and nonmili- tary expenditures are closely related. We can spend more for one only if we have been able to save from the other. We must have a generous hand for ex- penditures relating to the security of the Nation. We must have a miserly hand for all other expenditures. Since the war in Korea, the tendency has been to disregard anything that has to do with money on the theory of “Let’s talk about the war, not economy.” ‘Too many people are forgetting that the two go hand in hand. We cannot make every possible effort to achieve security unless we are also making every possible effort to achieve economy. We must save every possible penny on nondefense spending so we may have it to spend for defense. If we are in doubt about any dollar being spent for defense, we must of course resolve that doubt in favor of defense. But if we are in doubt about any dollar being spent for any non- defense item, we must, of course, resolve that doubt in favor of economy. We must not spend ourselves out of security. Such a course necessarily means the immediate abandonment of every proj- ect—worth while or not—that is not di- rectly related to national defense and security. In practical application, what does that mean? To illustrate by an exam- ple from my own district: I have a bill jn calling for a Connecticut Valley Au- thority—similar to the TVA—if a survey shows it is practical and worth while. Assuming that it might be the most ben- eficial project in the world for the people in my zea, but further assuming that CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE the National Defense Establishment says it has nothing to do with security, then of course such a project must be post- poned. I use that illustration merely to point out that I am not just talking about economy in somebody else’s district. Another quick and easy illustration is about every single governmental publi- cation I can think of that is being printed for the people of the Nation. They are good and valuable publications, for the most part—I do not include the nonsensical ones in that observation— but, if the country can get along with- out any of them during this emergency, printing of them should be stopped for the time being. If the agencies having them printed do not abandon such projects immedi- ately, this Congress should take steps right now to enact legislation having that effect. We must make a choice right now between bullets and bulletins and determine which is more necessary for the security of the Nation. There are dozens of other obvious illus- trations, of course, but they all boil down to what I think we should adopt as the yardstick for every expenditure at this time: Is it necessary for security? If it is not, it does not measure up at this time and must be postponed. I again want to call the attention of the people of the Nation to remarks I made on June 29—see CONGRESSIONAL Recorp, page 9513—pointing out that since 1940 the Senate voted to spend over $18,000,000,000 more than the House thought was necessary. The figures I gave show that the Senate has consist- ently voted to spend about $2,000,000,000 & year more than the House believed was necessary for the identical projects in every year from 1940 to the present time. I think it doubly imperative at this time that the people demand that the Senate, particularly, analyze every expenditure it wishes to make. I hope the people of the Nation will watch all expenditures very closely to make sure that we do not spend ourselves into disaster. The world situation is going to call for increased expenditures for security for this Nation. It is imperative that we cut down and eliminate the nonessen- tial spending not only for the protection of the taxpayer, but also for the protec- tion of our national security. It will call for the full and complete cooperation of every Congressman and Senator, and also of the people of the Nation. The SPEAKER. Under the previous order of the House, the gentleman from California (Mr. McKinnon] is recog- nized for 10 minutes. AMERICA’S REAL OBJECTIVE, WORLD PEACE Mr. McKINNON. Mr. Speaker, I ap- preciate the remarks of the gentleman from Ohio, who preceded me, because I, too, am very much interested in world peace. That is the reason for my taking this time this afternoon. There are two groups of people in the United States who are supposed to know more than any other groups in this coun- try what the American people want. One of those groups is ourselves, the Members of both of these Houses. We are supposed to know what our constit- 10889 uents want and indeed supposed to keep our jobs at least in part by that knowl- edge. Yet there seems to be no clear agreement among us as to just what it is that the American people want most. Some of us seem to believe that the American people want tax reduction. Some of us seem to think that the Ameri- can people want most of all an extension of ECA. Some of us behave as if the American people wanted nothing quite so much as a shiny new post office. The other group which should know at least as much as we know about what the American people want is the group made up of the editors of the great newspapers in America. As a former publisher my- self, I would say that a newspaper editor who does not have a clear sense of what his readers want would find himself with- out a paper not long after his next edi- tion went to press. A few months ago, a national maga- zine, Argosy, published the result of an interesting survey. The editors of Ar- gosy approached the editors of the 51 greatest newspapers in the United States—from the New York Herald Tribune to the Chicago News to the Den- ver Post to the Washington Star and the Los Angeles Times—and asked each of them a simple question: Assume tomorrow’s news 1s such that you could write any headline you want for to- morrow’s paper. What would that headline say? Now, obviously—for the best circula- tion reasons in the world—the headline that any newspaper editor would most like to run is the headline which would attract and please the most readers. For instance, the editor of the Boston Post, remembering the little episode at Briggs some months ago, picked as his favorite headline “Million-dollar bandits caught.” But, strangely enough, that was the only editor who selected even so important a local issue as a million-dollar hold-up. Indeed, 80 percent of all the editors re- plying were in complete agreement as to what would be the most attractive and important headline they could run. Be- cause editors are individualistic, they found various ways of saying it, but what their headlines added up to was “World peace assured; cold war ended; Russia and United States reach complete agree- ment for peace.” Eighty percent of all the editors representing the greatest newspapers in this country and their mil- lions of readers were expressing their de- sire for peace—something which the rest of the world does not seem to think we stand for. Many people in Europe and Asia have been led by clever propaganda to believe that peace is the exclusive property of the Communists. We Amer- icans have said “cold war” so often— and have said “peace” so little—that what we realiy want and what the world thinks we want are very different. That is why the dream headlines which the editors of Argosy assembled are so significant. They tell the world what Americans really want. They want peace. But once a newspaper editor has writ- ten his favorite headline there ts not much that he can do except file it away and hope that some day he will have a chance to run it. That is where we in this Chamber have an opportunity which
10890 no editor has. We have the opportunity of writing at least the first word of that headline. We have the opportunity of taking some action in the direction of permanent world security. The Korean situation has made it es- pecially clear that nothing but a strong international federation, backed by a strong international police force, can give us real security in our homes, our country, and our world. If the UN had been strengthened be- fore this time, the Communist armies in Korea would never have dared to wage their war of aggression. The forthright and direct action which President Truman took in the Korean crisis greatly strengthened the prestige and the effectiveness of the UN. The UN stood where the League of Na- tions stood when Japanese troops crossed into Manchuria. The League failed to meet that test. The UN has not failed to meet the test of Korea. But we must remember that the Secu- rity Council was able to act only be- cause of the fact that Russia had walked out. Had Russian representatives been present, they could have exercised their veto. The effectiveness of the UN can- not safely depend in the future upon such accidents. We must regularize its procedures, we must strengthen its powers, we must make it a body truly capable of preventing aggression, and of eliminating war. In advocating such a strengthened UN, I do not advocate giving away our national sovereignty. On the contrary, a strorg UN would provide us with true security, would add to the sovereign powers of the United States. For in our present anarchic world, this country does not decide when it shall fight—it is forced to fight when aggressors attack— the aggressors decide whether we shall have war or peace. Under a strength- ened United Nations we would partici- pate in that decision—it would not be thrust upon us. I do not advocate a federation which would impinge in any way upon the sov- ereign powers of the United States. Under the loose federation which I con- template, every nation would retain its full power and its complete jurisdiction over its territories and its people. The member nations would give up only one thing—the right if I may so call it— of making aggressive war. I urge all of my colleagues to give the most serious consideration to House Con- current Resolution 64, which is jointly sponsored by some 111 Members of this House. I believe its passage would be a great first step in the realization of the dream headline which so many of our editors, and so many of our people, hope to see in print in their lifetime. Another matter that I—as a former newspaper publisher—would like to touch on is the value and contribution of ad- vertising toward world peace. As We sell a way of government to the world in the form of a strengthened United Nations, we must also sell a way of living. A coolie in the rice fields of China cares little about who rules his country. He wants the opportunity to raise his rice without interference and to eat it in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE peace. He might wish for a government that would teach him how to get a big- ger yield—if he could conceive of such an idea—he’d like a government that would allow him to keep more of the rice he grows. But I imagine, if we ran a sur- vey like the advertising agencies do in America, that we would find him uncon- cerned about his right to vote and whether his type of government was communistic or democratic. He is for whatever system that can make life a little more bearable and one which will kecp him in the rice flelds aid out of the army. In all likelihood, you will find the same thing true in Germany, in the Near East, in Africa, in nearly all the world—yes, even in Russia. But we cannot expect these people to buy our way of life when the only thing they hear are the malicious lies from our competition in Moscow. All my business life I have watched advertising, the blood brother to news- papering, achieve miracles. The me- ticulous details a first-class advertising agency goes to in selling a client’s prod- ucts is amazing. As a small example, they know that families in mild-sum- mered Los Angeles eat 43 percent more cold cereals for breakfast than do the families in heat-suffering New York. Except for corn ccreals, that is. and there they know that New York families eat more corn cereals than do the Los Angeles families—by 12 percent. They know that in Cleveland white families buy relatively more synthetic detergents, that colored families buy more bar soap, and that foreign families buy more packaged soaps. They can tell you why and can tip you off that the same facts are not true in New Orleans. They leave no detail to chance in an effective selling job. How do corn flakes and soap apply to peace and democracy? Only as an in- dication of how to do an effective job. Procter & Gamble spends more than $30,000,000 a year to advertise and to influence the soap purchases of this country. They are highly successful. And yet the United States, with more than 500 times the income, spends $24,- 090,000 for Voice of America. Relatively speaking, we spend only one five-hun- dredth as much for free enterprise as Procter & Gamble does for soap. Let me also note that the amount of money we spend is no more important than the way we spend it. I happen to be one that has deep respect and sympathy for the hard- working members of the State Depart- ment. I am convinced of the integrity and ableness of our Secretary of State, Dean Acheson. Yet, I imagine that the sincere Secretary would say that the analogy between business and diplomacy is an oversimplification. Perhaps so, but I would rather err on the side of using our merchandising in- genuity than in sticking completely to a method ‘that obviously is proving its ineffectiveness. We have tapped the brain power of our scientists in industry and in colleges to give us atomic weapons. We have used the industrial might of our factories to produce the world’s most efficient fight- JULY 24 ing machine. Both the Atomic Energy Commission and the Defense Establish- ment have wisely used private initiative. It is high time that we mobilize the brains of our advertising and merchan- dising profession to sell the idea of a peaceful world. We cannot be content to use horse-and-buggy methods any longer when our competitor from Mos- cow is using every selling device he knows to sell an inferior product. And he is alarmingly successful, while we, the Jand of successful selling, are losing our shirts. Drew Pearson’s suggestion some time ago to bomb Russia—not with atoms, but with wrist watches—imposes some of the ingenuity which has made our country successful. There are many ways of doing the unusual to convince the world that they need the peace plans of America. If it pays to go from door to door to find out about corn flakes in New York and Los Angeles, would not it be smart to adopt some of that ingenuity in selling the idea of peace? With the biggest idea the world has ever known—peace—and with the larg- est potential market a product has ever had—2,264,543,771 persons—we must use all the tools that modern advertising and selling employ to get consumer accept- ance. I think it is time that we, the Mem- bers of this House, start using our leadership toward perfecting a world or- ganization—such as proposed in House Concurrent Resolution 64—that can pre- vent aggressive warfare—and toward the full mobilization of the brain power of the advertising profession to sell what America stands for. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. will the gentleman yicld? Mr. McKINNON. I yield to the gen- tleman from Arkansas. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. The gentle- man has made a timely statement, and I am happy to have these references made in the House today to the cause of peace. I remember being in the home city of the gentleman from California last Novem- ber. I attended a meeting with him in which speeches were made in behalf of the cause of peace, and yet it was obvi- ous that the emphasis was upon peace without appeasement, peace with justice under world law. There is no reason in the world why those of us who are fearful of the developments in Korea and who are determined that our country shall be strong if a general war comes should not, nevertheless, at the same time insist that our energies be devoted to saving the peace and perfecting a means for settling international disputes by judicial means. Iam glad that the gentleman referred to House Concurrent Resolution 64. It was my honor to be one of the sponsors, and I share his enthusiasm for it. Whether we call it a federation or a league or an association or organization, or whatever we call it, the fact remains, and Iam sure the gentleman would agree with this, that the world’s need is an international means for settling disputes on @ judicial basis, that is, by the appli- cation of the principles of law, and to preventing aggression through united ac- tion ard not by the action of a single Mr. Speaker,
1950 nation, even though it be our dwn beloved country. Now, I am wondering if the gentleman would not also agree with me that while some of our hopes are not realized, that is, in the form of legislative declarations, such as House Concurrent Resolution 64, we have within the last month seen events of tremendous historic signifi- cance. The Congress has, at least unoffi- cially, approved the President’s declara- tions, and shortly we will enact laws that give our official sanction to the steps he has taken to commit our Nation to mul- tilateral action, to action through the United Nations, to save the peace, to pre- vent aggressions, and to stabilize world conditions. I want to commend the gentleman again for what he has said about the purposes of this Nation and about the supreme need of perfecting international tribunals so that they become effective agencies for keeping the peace and pre- venting aggressors from overrunning the world. If the gentleman will yield further, I might add another thought. Mr. McKINNON. I am glad to yield. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. We have sometimes been taunted by the Commu- nists in recent years insisting that we are the war nation, and because we are preparing for war if it should come they have charged that we have abandoned our peace policy. Of course it is absurd, and does not conform to the facts, but at times we have appeared apologetic about the military defense of our liberty and of our mora] purposes in the world. We have sometimes failed to claim credit for our peaceful aims and acquaint the world with our policies. I should like to invoke the words of a great moral leader, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the late William Temple, who was dealing with this very problem as to whether those who want peace nevertheless have to resort to force sometimes, That is not a contradiction, itisafact. He used this expression, that we cannot renounce force, those of us who love justice and liberty, and we moderns of the West would betray our principles if we did. He said, “We should not renounce force, we should conse- crate it.” That, it seems to me, is what the peaceful nations, the democratic nations of the West are undertaking to do through the United Nations, to con- secrate our force, the material and in- dustrial power we possess. We will com- mit it for the defense of our independ- ence, the integrity of each nation, as in Korea under the United Nations and the principles upon which western civiliza- tion resis. I have been stirred by the things the gentleman has said. It is an inspiring statement that he has presented to the House. He has done it with his usual skill. He has spoken out of his rich ex- perience as a newspaper man and a student of propaganda measures. The thing we need to demonstrate now to the peoples of other nations, is that as one of the leaders of peace-loving peoples of the world, we propose to stand by them, Mr. McKINNON. I wish to thank the gentleman from Arkansas for his fine contribution. May I add that when the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE gentleman from Arkansas was out in San Diego he talked to a number of groups on world peace, the United Na- tions, and World Federation. He was a great inspiration to many of our people in San Diego. He gave a new thought, @ new insight, into how we can achieve peace and what it means to us. I ap- preciate very much the gentleman’s kind comments and also his very helpful spirit and his cooperative attitude since I have been a Member of the House. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under previous order of the House, the gentle- man from Washington [Mr. Jackson] is recognized for 10 minutes. DR. PAUL J. RAVER Mr. JACKSON of Washington. Mr. Speaker, there is today in the hands of several million Americans the August is- sue of the Reader’s Digest—a pocket- sized magazine which has, in recent years, become extremely influential. In that issue of the Reader’s Digest there appears an article, entitled “What Does CVA Mean to You?”, written by Mr. Leslie A. Miller, former Governor of Wyoming. While I do not agree with Mr. Miller’s views, I will certainly defend his right to state them, as well as the right of the Reader’s Digest to print his views. But I do not defend—on the contrary, I attack—an example of dishonest jour- nalism involved in the printing of this article, and it is to this that I would like to direct the attention of the Members of this House today. In the article reference is made to one of our foremost Northwest citizens, Dr. Paul J. Raver, Administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration. In the course of expressing opinion as to the effect of the public power development in the Pacific Northwest, the article refers to Dr. Raver as another Socialist. Now this false use of the Socialist label as a scare word is not unusual nor terribly surprising in these days of the smear technique which last week received so much discussion in the Senate. What is of consequence is that these words vrere not written by the author, Mr. Miller, but by the editors of the Reader's Digest. In two telephone conversations with Dr. Raver, Mr. Miller has consistently said he did not write that part of the article, and that those words personally attacking Dr. Raver were inserted by the Reader’s Digest. They appear however, not as the editorial opinion of the Read- er’s Digest, but under the name of Leslie A. Miller. A story by the Portland Oregonian, dated July 21, 1950, also confirms this and I quote from their story: When reached by telephone at his Chey- enne, Wyo., home Thursday night, Miller as- serted “I most certainly did write the story but not that part which calls Dr. Raver a Socialist. The editors cut it down and made some revisions.” The Portland paper the next day printed a further story as a result of an interview with the Reader’s Digest about this article. The Digest admitted having written the phrase into the story, but de- fended that action as a common practice 10891 and stated that it was intended as a summarizing phrase, This is indeed a highly arbitrary and capricious treatment of a responsible public official who has devoted a lifetime to the best interests of his country and who is completely respected in the Pacific Northwest. Mr. Miller is a man of integrity and honesty, with a long and honorable rec- ord in public life. He is not a man to use loose terms, or to resort to these methods of character assassination. Mr. Speaker, one of the great strengths of this country lies in the free- dom it has always accorded the press. But with freedom goes responsibility— a rosponsibility for frankness, openness, and honesty. I submit that the Reader’s Digest is guilty of dishonest journal- ism—for they have misrepresented their own views as the views of an independ- ent author—without his knowledge or consent. In my opinion, they have abused the responsibility that accom- panies the freedom which they enjoy. This is a serious matter—serious to former Governor Miller, a man of fine reputation—serious to Dr. Raver, a man who enjoys the confidence of the entire Northwest—and very serious to the American people. For it is they who really lose when it is discovered that our free press is not free or honest and that it is being used for nefarious purposes. The line taken in this attack and the methods employed too closely resemble the methods and propagranda of another organization for their similarity to go unnoticed. Some weeks ago the Na- tional Association of Electric Light and Power Companies had a national survey performed by Public Opinion Surveys, Inc. The results of that survey are not widely known but I have seen a digest of it which shows that the people of this country strongly and overwhelmingly favor our present policies in the devel- opment of Federal and public power. In the same survey it was found that the people do not favor socialism. The conclusion expressed by the private power companies, in the digest they have issued to their membership, is that since the people favor public power develop- ment they should not openly oppose it but should instead oppose “socialism” and try to convince the people that pub- lic power development is socialism. I quote from their own instructions to their member companies: From the preceding charts, it is apparent that to link our fight to the TVA question would run us into a lot of opposition, most of it based on lack of knowledge. But to link our fight to socialism is something else again, The people do not want socialism. We're on favorable ground there. The elec- tric companies’ advertising program in mag- azines and on the radio will stress the fight against the socialistic state more in the future, It should be stressed, too, on the local level—in speeches, radio talks, inter- views, and other public expressions of man- agement opinion. Obviously the electric companies’ ad- vertising program is beginning to show results—or maybe it is just thelr slip showing in the instant case. In any event we can expect to see more of this sort of smear as this huge, well financed
10892 and not too subtle propaganda campaign gets under way. Let us hope that no other of our great national publications or our newspapers attempt by such crude and obvious methods to dupe an intelli- gent public—for upon the faith of that public in their editorial honesty rests the very foundations of our free Amer- ican press. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JACKSON of Washington, I yield. Mr. MANSFIELD. I had intended to ask for a special order today to discuss this particular subject, but I would like to make a few remarks at this time, if I may. I am indeed glad that my colleague from Washington has brought out into the open the vicious attack on a respon- sible public official and has indicated the irresponsible nature of its source. I too have read the article in the Reader’s Di- gest of August to which he has referred and find in it some striking errors of fact as well as the smear to which Mr. Jacxson refers. I know that one state- ment particularly referring to Dr. Raver “He has refused to let private companies have long-term contracts for any part of the power produced by Bonneville Dams,” is false. I presume that this statement intends to refer to the power under the jurisdiction of the Bonneville Power Administration. I can from my own direct knowledge refute this state- ment. The Bonneville Power Admini- stration will sell the power generated at Hunery Horse dam in Montana on a tributary of the Columbia River; that power will be available in 1952. Dr. Raver has already made a long-term 5- year contract with the Montana Power Co. for a substantial block of power from this project. The officials of the Montana Power Co. have indicated to me their complete satisfaction with this contract. Incidentally, this is the first contract signed for power from this project. Dr. Raver has told me that he hopes that this can become a pattern for future contracts with other private utilities in the Northwest, as additional supplies of power from dams under con- struction become available. I have no idea of the source for the kind of state- ment which Governor Miller has sup- posedly made, but on the face of it, it is erroneous and misleading. I also know that Dr. Raver has made unceasing at- tempts to reach agreements with other power companies in uhe Northwest; thus far these companies have not agreed to terms and conditions which would per- mit him to carry out the terms of the statutes under which the agency is op- erated. However, these problems have been no barrier to the companies obtain- ing power from the Bonneville system during the past fiscal year as well as during preceding years. They have re- ceived 28 percent of Bonneville’s entire output—more than the public agencies have recsived. Certainly these facts do not indicate that the Administrator is discriminating against private power companies as is implied by this article. Mr. JACKSON of Washington. I wish to thank the gentleman for his comment in connection with the remarks I have made. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Those of us who have had an oppor- tunity to work with Dr. Raver on the many problems in the Pacific Northwest are aware of his fine character, his hon- esty, and his devotion to the public in- terest. I happen to serve on the Sub- committee on Appropriations where Dr. Raver appears every year on the appro- priations for the Department of the In- terior, Bonneville Power Administration. I know that he has made a very fine im- pression on our committee. I am sure that view is shared by other Members of this body who are familiar with his out- standing record, I might add that the newspapers of the Pacific Northwest, conservative to the extent of 99 percent, by and large have a very high regard for Dr. Raver. Mr. MANSFIELD. If the gentleman will yield further, I think that statement could also go for the delegations from the Northwestern States, regardless of whether they are Democrats or Repub- licans. I think it should be said in Dr. Raver’s favor that he has had a life of real public service; that he is a Purple Heart veteran of the First World War, in which he served in the artillery, and that he has done everything within his power to carry out the act which he has sworn to uphold and which this Congress by a majority of both Houses passed in the late thirties. Mr. JACKSON of Washington. I thank the gentleman. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Washington has expired. BUREAUCRATIC BUNGLING IN FOOD Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 15 minutes, to revise and extend my remarks, and to include certain excerpts and statements, also certain tabulations. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mas- sachusetts? There was no objection. Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, at long last Secretary of Agriculture Brannan has admitted in a statement today before the House Committee on Agriculture that the problem of disposing of surplus foods is increasingly serious. He recom- mends to the committee that authority be given the department at once ‘‘to do- nate surplus commodities, through the direct distribution type of programs, to needy persons both in this country and abroad” and that this legislation provide for the payment of transportation costs and authority to repackage the com- modities, In his statement he asserts that last April he suggested this legislation. It is encouraging that he now is forced to face up to this problem. However, in view of the intimation in his statement that he foresaw these difficulties and recom- mended a solution to Congress in April, I think it is important that the record be made accurate. This is even more necessary because of the power he wishes to be given to the department at this late date. The truth as to the gigantic hoardings of food commodities at completely inde- fensible waste of the taxpayers’ money was well known to the American public last January. JULY 24 On Febryary 1, Secretary Brannan appeared before the Senate Agriculture Committee to discuss the disposition of 50,000,000 bushels of surplus edible pota- toes. During that meeting, former Sec- retary of Agriculture, and now the junior Senator from New Mexico, made the statement that the 1949 act gave the Secretary discretion to make the surplus commodities available to school-lunch programs, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and to welfare and charitable institu- tions. This statement was borne out by the interpretation of the law expressed by the Associate Solicitor of the Depart- ment, Mr. Edward M. Schulman, before the Senate committee. However, because the Secretary ex- pressed some doubt as to his authority, on February 2 companion bills were filed in the House by the gentleman from New York | Mr. Keatinc1, the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Corset], the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. Hvucu D. Scorr, Jr.) and myself, which made that distribution mandatory upon the Secretary and broadened existing authority. It also provided for pay- ment of handling and transportation costs up to the equivalent of 6 months’ storage costs. These bills were H. R. 7135, H. R. 7136, H. R. 7137, and H. R. 7138. At the same time 24 Republican Mem- bers of the House issued a joint state- ment bearing definitely upon the serious nature of the problem and urging the enactment of this legislation. That statement read, as follows: In the 414 years that have passed since the Japanese surrender, the United States has gencrously helped our friends and for- mer enemies in all quarters of the world. The hungry were fed, the war damage re- paired and financial assistance given to strengthen their economies. This country can be proud of the results obtained through our unselfish efforts, As expected, the need and demand for assistance has materially eased. This is par- ticularly true of food American food ex- ports have declined sharply with the result that we have accumulated in a short period of time largo surpluses of food, now valued at over $2,000,000,000. The Secretary of Ag- riculture has announced acreage allotments for this year on our major crops that will reduce their acreage by approximately 30,- 000,600 acres. Furthcr slashos may be ex- pected in 1951 unless prompt steps are taken to move the accumulating food surpluses. It is time that we should give thought and consideration to our own problems and the problems of our own people. We are, there- fore, sponsoring a bill to make available to our own degzerving people the surplus food owned by the Commodity Credit Corpora- tion. This was clearly the intent of Con- gress when at the last session the Agricul- tural Act of 1949 was passed. Legalistic in- terpretations and regulations have succeeded in almost completely nullifying this con- gressional directive and making necessary this clarifying bill. The legislation we propose will authorize the Secretary of Agriculture and the Com- modity Credit Corporation to make surplus food commodities available to Federal, State, and local welfare agencies, private welfare agencies, and the school-lunch program. To expedite the program of assistance, the Sec- retary of Agriculture would bs authorized to advance up to 6 months’ storage costs to apply against handling and transportation costs, It ts the Intention cf the sponsors of this legislation that it be considered entirely non-
1950 political, It is believed to be in keeping with the best American traditions to help one’s een and those deserving and in need of elp, According to the latest figures, there are 2,715,751 persons receiving old-age pensions, 1,486,404 receiving dependents and children bencfits, 92,000 blind receiving help, and 643,(09 on State and local relief rolls. The Commodity Credit Corporation on December $1, 1949, had in inventory over 23,000,000 pounds of cheese, over 215,000,000 pounds of dried milk, nearly 50,000,000 pounds of, prunes, 23,000,000 pounds of raisins, over 9,000,000 hundredweight of dried beans, 1,600,000 hundredweight of rice, over 70,C00,C00 pounds of dried eggs, 725,000 pounds of turkeys, and is committed to buy over 50,000,000 bushels of potatoes. Why not bring these two sets of statistics together, for they are more than statistics? They are people and food. Better to get the food to the deserving people than to pay storage, and ultimately hire more people to destroy the food. Hucu D Scorr, Jr, Pennsylvania; Joun Pui.iips, California; Jesse P. Wotcort, Michigan; RicHaRp M. Nrxon, Califor- nia; Harvie Scorr, Pennsylvania; WIL- Liam L, PFetrrer, New York; JouHn W. HESELTON, Massachusetts; KENNETH B, KeaTinc, New York; J. GLENN BEALL, Maryland; DoNnaLtp Jackson, Califor- nia, RoperT J. Corsert, Pennsylvania; Epwin ArtHUR Hau, New York; R. WALTER RIEZHLMAN, New York; THOMAS A. JENKINS, Ohio; ALsert M. COLE, Kansas; Henry O. TALLE, lowa, ANTONI N. Sapuax, Connecticut; Henry J. LatHam, New York; Wiiui1am 8. Hux, Colorado; CHARLES B. HoEVEN, Iowa; AvuGust H. ANDRESEN, Minnesota; PauL B. Dacur, Pennsylvania, GERALD R, Forp, Jr., Michigan; Haroxtp O. Lovre, South Dakota. From that date until March 22, I re- peatedly and almost daily brought these proposals and the developing facts to the attention of the President and the Department, but with no results, except a reported statement by the President at a press conference that he was filing all such communications in the round file under his desk. I also repeatedly urged the Secretary to see that favorable reports on these bills be filed immediately. On March 17, the House Committee on Agriculture issued notices of a full committee hearing on March 22 for the consideration of these bills and others dealing with the same subject. On March 21, Secretary Brannan sent a letter to the chairman of the House Committee on Agriculture. I want the full text of that letter to be in the Rec- orD, but first I want to emphasize the following sentence: “We do not’ believe, however, that it would be administra- tively feasible for this Department or the States to operate the program under the cost provisions proposed under H. R. 7135.” I urge that you read particularly the full paragraph, raising then the enormous objections to the proposal which now has, in effect, the full en- dorsement of the Secretary. The letter follows: Marcu 21, 1950. Hon. Harotp D. Cooury, House Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Dear Mr. Cooter: This is in reply to your request for a report on the following bills to amend the Agricultural Act of 1049 with XCVI-——856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE respect to authuity to dispose of surplus foods through donations: H, R. 7125, H. R. 7135, H. R. 7189, and H. R. 7327. H. R. 7125 would authorize the Department to operate a stamp plan to “facilitate the dis- posal of accumulated surplus commodities under the support program.” The stamp plan for disposition of Government-owned surplus foods to domestic recipients would appear to be a more cumbersome and more costly method of disposing of surpluses of price-support commodities than the present program of direct distribution. The former food stamp plan, operated by the Department from 1939 to 1943, did not attempt to dispose of surpluses already acquired by the Govern- ment; its purpose was to prevent the ac- cumulation of surpluses by increasing the food purchases of low-income groups out of regular markot supplies. The other bills seek to increase~the vol- ume of surplus commodities that may be dis- posed of through donations to needy groups by authorizing the Federal Government to pay some part of the handling and trans- portation costs now borne by recipient agen- cies. H. R. 7135 would authorize the dona- tion of those foods of which the Commodi- ty Credit Corporation has excess supplies to groups now eligible under scction 416, with the Federal Government advancing funds for the payment of handling and transpor- tation costs, up to an amount equivalent to 6 months’ storage costs. H R. 7139 would permit the Department to pay transportation costs incurred in the delivery of potatoes to local administrative officers or private wel- fare agencies in areas affected by industrial work stoppages for distribution to needy groups. H.R. 7327 would authorize the De- partment to pay delivery costs on surp:uses not disposed of under section 416 when of- fered to any officer or agency, public or pri- vate, to relieve hardships caused by unem- ployment within the United States. With respect to both H. R. 7139 and H. R. 7327, we believe that any legislation con- cerning donations to needy families should clearly direct the Department tc work in co- operation with public and private welfare agencies for the assistance of needy persons. These are the agencies in the best position to determine the need of applicant families. At the same time it will tend to prevent duplicate distribution that would inevitabiy occur if several agencies were authorized to act as agents for the needy in any one city or local area. The payment by the Federal Government of transportation costs to a central receiving point within the various States would un- doubtedly tend to increase the volume of surplus food moving to eligible groups, par- ticularly to schools and institutions. The extent to which distribution to welfare groups would increase would depend, in Jarge part, upon the facilities available with- in the various States to make food deliveries to a larger number of wolfare families. State-wide distribution on a family basis re- quires more elaborate delivery facilities than does distribution to schools and institutions where wholesale packaging can be used and deliveries made on a monthly or bimonthly basis. We do not believe, however, that it would be administratively feasible for this Depart- ment or the State to operate the program un- der the cost provisions proposed in H. R. 7135. The portion of the costs to be borne by various recipients would be subject to 60 much variation—depending upon the reece irene tees tne tenance 10893 commodity involved, its place of storage, aud the distance of the various recipients from the points of storage—that a much more complicated order and delivery procedure would be needed. It would be particularly difficult to develop a satisfactory system for the payment of railroad or trucking-company charges when the Government would be re- Fponsible for varying portions of the costs of each shipment. We feel certain that any such system of apportioning costs between the Federal] Government and _ recipients would tend to impede rather than to faclli- tate program operations. If the cost provisions of scction 416 are to be amended, we would recommend that the Federal Government be given authority to pay the cost of transporting, to central re- ceiving points within the States, all com- modities offered eligible domestic recipients. The Bureau of the Budget advises as fol- lows: “* ® © While the objectives of the legislation appear to bo meritorious, the de~ fictencies in tho bills, which are delincated in your reports, are so serious that we be- Neve none of the bills would be acceptable to the President unless amended along lines suggested by you. Further, section 2 of H.R. 7125 presents questions of policy which are now under study and concerning which no commitment can be made at this time. You are therefore advised that enactnnt of this bill would not be in accord with the prograin of the President at the present time.” Sincerely, CHARLES F. BRANNAN, Secretary. It is through this letter, filed nearly 7 weeks after the bills were filed, that the Secretary now wishes it to be under- stood that he recommendcd action, Certainly, I did not understand, and I do not see how anyone could expect the members of the committee to under- stand, that the Secretary was as serious- ly concerned as he now asserts he is and was urging Congress to take prompt and affirmative action. In any event, in the period of 18 weeks since that time, there has been precious little evidence that anyone in the De- partment of Agriculture or in the execu- tive department has been particularly concerned about this problem, or has done anything constructive toward its solution. I do have letters from the De- partment in the last few weeks reporting generally upon the program of distribu- tion, but there 1s absolutely nothing in this correspondence which led me to be- lieve that the Department was at all concerned about having additional means of disposing of these food com- modities before they spoiled or were de- stroyed. Perhaps the key to this current ex- pression of concern lies in the amazing developments of the last few weeks. The latest official report of the Com- modity Credit Corporation covers the fiscal year up to May 31, 1950. The fig- ures showing the increases in four of these commodities alone for the month of May are revealing. The following tabulation shows the ending inventories in pounds on April 30, 1949, April 30, 1950, May 31, 1949, and May 31, 1950: Apr. 30, 1949 Apr. 80, 1050 May 31,1949 | May 31, 1950 Butler... 2... cenncenennccneccnnnanccnncccececees 702, 381 $8, 605, 046 2, 427, 028 117, 407, 903 Dried eggs... .. 45, 983, 250 £2, 444, O15 66, 5R1, 257 R7, BOL, 5R3 Dried milk... None 814, 913, 638 21, 652, 404 311, 065, 022 NOCSO 22 eee ee eee cece cence nn enen enon nncnne None 21, 352, 133 Nono 29, 475, YY
10894 The following tabulation showing the increase in holding during the month of May is significant. Increase in inventory, month of May 1950 Pounds Butter_..--...-.--...~--..----- 22, 877, 266 Dried eggs.......-..----------= 12, 909, 978 Dried milk... 0-2 cnweenneewen 51, 292, 060 Cheese..___...-.--------------- 10, 698, 223 I have repeatedly tried to get current information as to the situation at the end of the fiscul year on June 30, 1950, but until the Secretary's statement this morning I had received only an informal report indicating that there was now in storage some 180,000,000 pounds of but- ter. The Secretary states that the pres- ent holdings in butter are 192,000,000 pounds, Consequently, more than 74,- 000,000 pounds of butter must have been purchased between May 31 and July 17, the date given by the Secre- tary, The figures given by the Secretary show that on July 17 there were in stor- age 107,000,000 pounds of dried eggs. This means that there was a purchase between May 31 and July 17 of over 19,- 000,000 pounds. The figures given by the Secretary show that on July 17 there were in stor- age 322,000,000 pounds of dried milk. This means that there were purchased between May 31 and July 17, over 11,- 000,000 pounds. The figures given by the Secretary show that on July 17 there were in stor- age 80,000,000 pounds of cheese. This means that there were purchased be- tween May 31 and July 17, over 650,- 000,000 pounds. That is not all, because the Secretary stated that the Federal Government is currently accumulating more butter, at the average rate of about 9,000,000 pounds per week, which means probably about 50,000,000 pounds a month; more dried milk, at the rate of approximately 45,000,000 pounds per month; more cheese, at the rate of 23,000,00 pounds per month, and more dried eggs, at the rate of about 15,000,000 pounds per month. During the hearing this morning the question was raised as to why the De- partment had not, through its numerous personnel, worked out some constructive solution to this problem long before now The Secretary defended the Department by insisting that its technical and scien- tific personnel were doing a remarkable piece of vork in the unusual phases of the research and marketing activities. This still leaves the question open for a department which, in the last fiscal year, had an appropriation of $2,671,000,000 and a full-time staff of 59,556 employees and 12,274 part-time employees, or a total, exclusive of the State and county committeemen, of 171,830 employees. Here, and also to make the record clear, I wish to quote from a letter addressed to the Secretary, dated March 11, 1950, and signed by 32 of our colleagues who have the responsibility of representing the largest part of the agricultural area of this country. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Members of Congress sre elected to enact laws which members of the executive depart- ment, including you as Secretary of Agricul- ture, are supposed to administer. A Member of Congress does well to have an average of three people employed in his office. A Mem- ber of Congress naturally has many sources of information, but the staff of the entire Congress 1s no more than a fraction of the staff that you have at your disposal. Naturally there should be close coopera- tion between the executive and legislative branches of our Government, but under the policy of passing the buck to Congress which you are following, the line between coopera- tion and “buck-passing” is becoming far too thin in Government today. Another significant portion of the statement made by the Secretary to the House Committee on Agriculture is as follows: Potatoes are also being supported under & mandatory provision of the law. They are now supported at approximately $1.01 per bushel. Not much difficulty was experienced with the early 1950 crop, but we have re- cently been purchasing potatoes at the rate of 150,000 to 206,000 bushels per day from farmers in North Carolina and Virginia who are unable to dispose of their production in the normal channels of trade. The next foreseeable aren of appreciable purchase will be in New Jersey, and then, of course, the Maine crop later in the mar- keting year. Purchase may also be expected in other States, such as Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. There 1s a good deal of reason to believe that the price-support operation for potatoes may cost the Commodity Credit Corporation as much as 675,000,000 for the 1950 crop. It is possible that this development, particularly in terms of reports and large-scale dumping in the mid-South, is a reason for this sudden interest in the seriousness of this problem. Again the Secretary points out that this disposal program, although it in- cluded approximately 8,000,000 school children, 1,000,000 inmates of institu- tions, and about 1,000,000 welfare re- cipients, has not been able to reach sev- eral scores of millions who are just as much in need of food commodities but who are unable to obtain them because of the cost factor. I have pointed out repeatedly to the President and to the Secretary, the unfairness of any such program, and I am glad that the Secre- tary has at this late date recognized that principle. I want to call particular attention to the fact that at the outset of his state- ment this morning, the Secretary sald: Increasing uncertainties brought on by the Korean situation have changed the appraisal somewhat with regard to our reserves of storable crops, Our substantial holdings of wheat and corn and cotton—always sound assets—are now more clearly than ever an important factor in our national strength. With regard to some of the heavy inven- torles of perishables, however, fundamental disposal problems have not been changed materially. In fact, the world situation makes it all the more important that these food supplies be used for human consump- tion to the fullest extent possible. The growing defense effort may open outlets for some of these stocks, especially those in more concentrated form, But on the basis of the best information currently available, and under our present authorizations, we will JULY 24 atill have to dispose of millions of bushels of potatoes on the farms where they are produced, for livestock feed or fertilser. We will still have extreme difficulty in find- ing outlets for surplus butter, and then only at appreciable financial loss. The problem of immediate concern to us today is the efficient disposal of these perishable holdings. One point was not mentioned by the Secretary in his statement this morning. I am sure we can all understand his re- luctance to discuss it. I refer to the tremendous amount involved in storage charges on these commodities during all these weeks. I brought this particular point to the attention of the President and to the Secretary's attention early in February. I confined my report to accumulating storage charges on 16 food commodities which could and would be eaten by people who need them but who cannot afford them. I have in my file copies of many messages on this point. The last letter I sent to the President is as follows: Jone 17, 1950. Tue PRESIDENT, The White House, Washington, D. C. Dean Mr. PreswwenT: For over 3 months I called your attention repeatedly to the tragic, inexcusable waste of the taxpayers’ money through paying carrying charges on 16 sur- plus food commodities. I urged that these funds could be spent much more wisely for transporting these foods to people who could and would eat them but could not af- ford to buy them I stated that this waste was continuing at an estimated rate of at least $60,000 dally. The report of the Commodity Credit Cor- poration of April 30 shows that this esti- mate of daily waste was too low. Actually, the total amount spent for this purpose for the first 10 months of the current fiscal year was $24,760,056.10. This was at the rate of $81,44755 a day. There is no possible rea- son for continued failure to take immedi- ate, constructive action to remedy this con- dition, Will you please order such action at once? Respectfully yours, JoHN W, HESELTON, If the daily rate continued from June 17 in the amount of $81,447.55, and surely in terms of the terrific increases in purchases between May 31 and July 17 it must have been substantially more, then at least $27,773,615.45 has been ex- pended for this purpose. That would have paid for the transporting of prac- tically all these foods and obviously the daily waste of the taxpayers’ money would have ended. I wonder if some of our Federal officials really think that the American public will not or cannot un- derstand such facts. When we consider the following tab- ulation as to the amazing increase in carrying charges in the month of May, it can be easily imagined that the report on the increases between May 31 and July 17 will be shocking in the extreme. It is possible that this last minute reali- zation of the impact of these figures upon the American taxpaying public is the most significant single reason for the Secretary’s statement and recommenda- tion of this morning.
Carrying charges Apr 30, May 81, | Increase in 1950 1050 May 1950 Drfed milk... 2. $2, 998, 055. 85/93, 622, 607, 68! $623, 741. 80 Boatlor ol. 1, 474, 284 30} 1, 749, 132 78] 264, 848, 48 Dried eggs... 1, $85, 880 13) 2, 210, 758 67] 424,560 44 Cheese. 22... 311, 653 44 363, 150 26 61,496 81 Total... 6, 670, 782, 72) 7,935, 739 261, 264, 056, 53 Therefore, we have this problem before us in a form which some of us clearly anticipated over 4% months ago. On two occasions in the House efforts to provide solutions along these lines have been rejected. It is late, but not too late. It is unfortunate that the Con- gress has not had the full cooperation of the Executive Department in trying to prevent these developments. But that will not relieve Congress of its individual responsibility to legislate promptly, now that the Secretary has admitted the se- riousness of the situation and has con- ceded that the solutions suggested months ago are in fact both sound and imperative, even though he ignored them during all these weeks while he was permitting millions of dollars of the taxpayers’ money to be wasted in unnec- essary and indefensible storage charges, I believe that all Members should have available the full text of the Secretary’s statement and I am including it at this Foint. STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE Cranes F. BRANNAN BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, MONDAY, JULY 24, 1950 As indicated in a letter which I addressed to the chairman of your committee on June 29, I have been seriously concerned about mounting Commodity Credit Corporation in- ventories of dairy products and eggs and about continuing price-support trouble with potatoes. Current high levels of supply and production are among the best guaranties against food price inflation, but the Corpo- ration is nevertheless confronted with serious disposal problems for these perishable com- modities. Increasing uncertainties brought on by the Korean situation have changed the appraisal somewhat with regard to our reserves of stor- able crops. Our substantial holdings of wheat and corn and cotton—always sound assets—are now more clearly than ever an important factor in our national strength. With regard to some of the heavy inven~ tories of perishables, however, fundamental disposal problems have not been changed materially. In fact, the world situation makes it all the more important that these food supplies be used for human consump- tion to the fullest extent possible. The grow- ing defense effort may open outlets for some of these stocks, especially those in more con- centrated form. But on the basis of the best information currently available, and under our present authorization, we will still have to dispose of millions of bushels of potatoes on the farms where they are produced, for livestock feed or fertilizer. We will still have extreme difficulty in finding outlets for sur- plus butter, and then only at appreciable financial loss. The problem of immediate concern to us today is the efficient disposal of these perishable holdings, I am discussing these problems with you again today as part of my obligation to keep the Congress fully advised of important developments in the agricultural area. I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE am not submitting this current Information as an argument in favor of the recommenda- tions for handling price-support programs which we submitted to the Congress in April of last year. You will recall that those pro- Posals were designed to prevent the accu- mulation of excessive food stocks in the hands of the Government and to direct the movement and distribution of maximum quantities of food through the normal chan- nels of trade. Today we are faced with the Tact that heavy surplus stocks are on hand. The problem now is how to utilize them most efficiently. In order to get a better perspective on the whole price-support question, I think it ad- visable to summarize briefly the situation with regard to some of the more important storable commodities before going into more detail about acute disposal problems for the perishable groups. This country has about 450,000,000 bushels of wheat from last year’s crop in our reserves as the 1950 crop comes to harvest. Present estimates are that about 950,000,000 bushels of wheat will be produced this year, in spite of @ good deal of adverse weather and insect damage. This gives us a total supply of around 1,400,000,000 bushels of wheat for the marketing year ahead, This is a strong position, with an abundant supply to meet domestic needs, exports, and carry-over re- serves next year, Corn is our most important feed grain, Maintenance of high-level livestock pro- auction depends largely on this crop. There is therefore a good deal of satisfaction in knowing that the carry-over of old-crop corn this fall is expected to be well over 900,- 000,000 bushels. Preliminary estimates for 1950 production have been placed at about 3,175,000,000 bushels. This would give us a total supply of more than 4,000,000,000 bushels for the 1950-51 year. It should make it possible for us to continue, or even ex- pand, our very important production of live- stock products, Cotton stocks on August 1 are expected to total about 7,000,000 bales, the largest carry- over stocks since 1946. Acreage this year is around 19,000,000. Assuming the average yields of recent years, the 1950 crop would be somewhere between ten and cleven mil- lion bales. Total supply for the year ahead— carry-over plus this year's production—will probably be between seventeen and eighteen million bales. Assuming normal domestic consumption and generous exports, we will have a curry-over of between three and five million bales at the end of the next mar- keting year. The substantial reserves of these major food and fiber crops are reassuring, They have been built up under the loan provi- sions of the price-support program. As of July 17, Commodity Credit Corporation in- ventories of these crops—as part of the total r-gerve supplies—were as follows: Wheat, 325,000,000 bushels; corn, 315,000,000 bushels; cotton, 3,300,000 bales. These inventory totals do not, of course, include stocks of these three crops which are held by CCC as security against price-support loans, but to which farmers still hold title. In addition to the inventories of these three basic crops, CCC also holds substantial stocks of a number of other storable com- modities. These include feed grains, rice, dried beans, linseed oil, and several others. These holdings are also valuable assets and, in general, they do not involve special dis- posal problems. We find our serious current problems in the perishable group to which I have already referred. Dairy products are of first con- cern, As you Know, milk and butterfat have mandatory price support at a level ranging from 75 to 80 percent of parity. The law 10895 further requires that these commodities be supported by loans on, or purchases of, dairy products. In carrying out the law, cheese, butter, and dry milk are being purchased at prices reflecting approximately 79 percent of the parity equivalent for manufrcturing milk and approximately 86 percent of the parity for butterfat. The specific purchase prices for the commodities are: Cents per pound Cheddar cheese, U, 8. Grade A or higher... eee eee 81 Butter: U. 8, Grade A or higher._-_..-.- 60 U. 8. Grade B..-.2- 2-2 ne -- 58 Nonfat dry milk solids, U.S. extra: Spray type Evaporated milk.....-.--- per case.. $3.95 Whenever the volume of supply depresses the market price below the support-price level, the commodities are purchased and withdrawn from the market. At the pres- ent time, the Commodity Credi: Corpora- tion owns approximately 192,000,000 pounds of butter and is currently accumulating more at the average rate of about 9,000,000 pounds per week. There is also in inventory 322,- 000,000 pounds of dried milk. Dried milk is now being accumulated by th3 Corpora- tion at the rate of approximately 45,000,000 pounds per month. The stocks of cheese on hand amount to approximately 80,000,000 pounds, and they have recently been accu- mulated ct the rate of 23,000,000 pounds per month. In endeavoring to dispose of these dairy commodities, full utilization has been made of school lunch and institutional feeding outlets. Also, some butter and cheese have been sold back into normal channels of trade. Domestic sales must be handled with great care, of course, to avoid interfering with nor- mal marketing of these products or adversely affecting the price structure. The world market price for butter at the present time is approximately 382 cents. Therefore, a discount of more than 60 per- cent of the Government's investment would be required to accomplish foreign sales. Moreover, implications of “dumping” on the world market, as a violation of our foroign trade policy and commitments, must be con- sidered carefully. Even if we ignored the question of dumping and attempted to sell our butter in the world market at. a 50-per- cent reduction, it is not likely that we could move much butter. The limiting factor is the availability of American dollars with which to make purchases of this type of commodity. Some limited sales of dry milk for foreign relief uses have been made. In addition, all of these dairy products are being offered free at the point of storage to welfare organiza- tions for relief distribution domestically and in foreign countries, in accordance with leg- islative provisions. We are also concerned about eggs. The Commodity Credit Corporation's current in- ventory is about 107,000,000 pounds of dried eggs. Each pound of dried eggs represents approximately 3 dozen eggs in shell form. There are therefore now in the Corporation's possession about 321,000,000 dozens of shell egas in dried form. The Corporation is pay- ing 96 cents per pound for these dried eggs, and they have been accumulating at the rate of about 15,000,000 pounds per month. The price-suppart program for eggs is not mandatory under p.esent legislation, How- ever, 1t seems to me that suund egg-prico support ts in the interest of the general econ- omy, 28 wel) as in the interest of the pro- Gucers of poultiy and eggs and the producers
10896 of feed grain’ The need is to find a feastble mechanism for handling support and dis- posal operations. Dried eggs have a limited use. A diligent effort has been made to sell them in the world market and to supply them for do- mestic consumption. Dried eggs have been made available to welfare organizations free of charge at the poini of storage for domestic and foreign relief distribution. Here, again, the potential foreign outlets are very materl- ally limited by the availability of American dollars. I want to emphasize a point which I men- tioned at the start of this statement. These holdings have been built up under price- support operations, and they represent serl- ous disposal problems for the Commodity Credit Corporation At the same time, how- ever, it is recognized that price supports have been largely responsible for the cur- rent high production levels for these crops. And these production and supply levels are a very positive factor in holding down food- price inflation. Potatoes are also being supported under a mandatory provision of the law. They are now supported at approximately $101 per bushel. Not much difficulty was experienced with the early 1950 crop, but we have re- eently been purchasing potatoes at the rate of one hundred and fifty to two hundred thousand bushels per day from farmers in North Carolina and Virginia who are unable to dispose of their production in the normal channels of trade. The next foreseeable area of appreciable purchase will be in New Jersey. and then, of course, the Maine crop later in the marketing year, Purchase may also be expected in other States, such as Idaho, Oregon, and Washing- ton. There is a good deal of reason to believe that the price-support operation for potaces may cost the Commodity Credit Corporation as much as $75,000,000 for the 1950 crop At the present time, no funds are being used to move these potatoes into nonhuman uses, and disposal charges have been reduced to a minimum Very careful attention has been given to the provisions of section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949, and the potatoes are being offered to all takers at the country shipping point. After supplying institutions, welfare organizations, school] lunch and all other practicable diversion outlets, the re- mainder is then sold buck to farmers for live- stock feed or fertilizer at 1 cent per hundred- weight I want to make it clear that every effort has been made to move these surplus hold- ings, using all of the programs and author- izations which are available to us In the first place, we try to hold down our price-support purchases by encouraging the fullest possible distribution through nor- mal channels of trade. One specific opera- tion is known as the plentiful-foods program, under which we take steps to increase the consumption of surplus commodities. This program 1s carried out in full cooperation with the food industry. Merchandising sup- port is put behind a number of foods which are selected by the Production and Market- ing Administration each month on the basis of the abundance of supply. We also take steps to encourage exports in normal trade channels, through subsidies, and to divert commodities into other than normal uses. These activities are Nnanced principally with our so-called section 32 funds, with first prior- ity going to diversion for human con- sumption. In spite of these efforts to increase sales and diversion before direct price support becomes necessary, the Commodity Credit Corporation must take over substantial com- modity stocks in carrying out price support obligations. Several authorities and pro- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE grams are available to facilitate disposal of theses inventory stocks. CCC holdings are sold whenever possible, if this can be done without interfering with price-support ob- jectives To encourage sales through normal trade channels, we announce each month price sts of commodities which will be available for both domestic and export sale, with full information on price, quality, and quantity of the commodities which are available. The Commodity Credit Corporation is au- thorized to exchange agricultural commodl- ties for strategic and critical materials pro- duced abroad The Corporation 1s also au- thorized to make commodities available to the Munitions Board and other Federal agencies for use in making payments for commodities not produced in the United States, Under present conditions, there are major limitations on the opportunities to dispose of surplus commodities under these authorities, and very few transactions have been completed. The most important single program for moving perishable commodities out of in- ventory is known as the direct-distribution program, In this operation commodities are distributed through school lunch and similar outlets. In previous years distribution through these channels was financed largely by section 32 funds. Beginning in January 1950 the bulk of this type of distribution has been handled under section 416 of the Agii- cultural Act of 1949 Section 416 authorizes the donation of surplus holdings, on a prior- ity basis, to school-lunch programs, the Bu- reau of Indian Affairs, public and private domestic welfare agercies, and private wel- fare agencies for the rellef of needy persons abroad Donations under the authority of section 416 are made available at storage points without charge. However, with one excep- tion, the reciplents must assume all trans= portation costs from these storage points, The exception, approved by Congress last spring, authorized CCC to pay transporta- tion on 1949-crop potato donations The fact that CCC cannot pay transpor- tation costs under section 416 has had a limiting effect upon the total distribution of surplus commodities for welfare use. A brief review of the quantities of dairy products and eggs which have been distrib- uted since major price support operations were started for these commodities will in- dicate the extent to which we have been suc- cessful in moving our suiplus holdings. It will at the same time throw light on the extremely difficult nature of the disposal probloms. Diled egg price support purchases were started in April 1947. Through July 17 of this year, CCO had brought 208,000,000 pounds in carrying out price support obliga- tions. During this entire period, 101,000,- 000 pounds have been disposed of through the various sale and distribution channels, leaving 107,000,000 pounds in the present inventory. First purchases of butter under the price Kupport program were made in February 1949. Since then, through July 17 of this year, 228 million pounds have been bought by CCC. Total disposition of holdings dur- ing this same period has reached about 36 million pounds, leaving the present inven- tory of 192 million pounds, Dried milk purchases for price support began in March 1949. Since then 609 million pounds have been bought by the Corpora- tion, During this same period, up to July 17, 287 million pounds have been distributed, Jeaving 822 million pounds in the present inventory. Cheese price support purchases were start- ed Jn July 1949. From then until July 17 JULY 24 of this year, CCC bought a total of 94 mil- lion pounds. During the same period, 14 million pounds have been moved, leaving the current 80-million-pound inventory. While these distribution totals are sub- stantial, the fact that CCO inventories of the commodities involved have increased steadily shows definitely that the presently available outlets are not adequate. As I have mentioned before, our men have worked steadily and aggressively in an effort to develop and utilize every opportunity to move these surplus commodities out of in- ventory, within the limits of practicability and our authority. The problem before us is how to dis- tribute holdings or perishable commodities with greater speed and in larger volume, in order to avoid the deterioration and logs that would eventually be certain if we tried to hold stocks too long None of these com- modities has been allowed to spoll as yet, and there is no immediate threat of spoll~ age. The problem, however becomes in- creasingly serious. Because of the importance of this outlet the record of what we have becn able to dis- tribute through domestic donation in recent months is important. Since last January, when section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 became effective for domestic donation, the following quantities have been ordered by and shipped to recipients under this au- thority. Approximately 9,500,000 pounds of butter, 5,000,000 pounds of cheese, 2,200,000 pounds of dried eggs, and 6,000,000 pounds of dried milk This rate of distribution is far too low to provide the solution for our inven- tory problems. Under the present authorities for distribu- tion of surplus commodities we have reached during the past year approximately 8,000,000 school children, 1,000,000 inmates of institu- tions, and about 1,000,000 welfare clients. It ig obvious that we are not getting surplus foods to anywhere near all of the relief or public assistance people who could use it to advantage, or to half of ow school children. There are opportunities for expanded distri- bution and use of surplus holdings in this general field of direct distribution. Our food-distribution specialists estimate that the rate of distribution to schools, institu- tions, and weliare groups could be stepped up by many millions of pounds of butter, cheese, dried miik, and dried eggs if the Com- modity Credit Corporation were granted the necessary authority. There are a number of reasons why we are not reaching more of the people in these groups who are eligible to receive commodl- ties under section 416. As I have already pointed out, the fact that we cannot pay transportation costs {1s a definite limitation. Further, our surplus holdings are in bulk units which make it very difficult, if not im- possible, for school-lunch or welfare recipi- ents to use them without repackaging The CCC inventory of butter is in 60- to 64-pound cubes; the cheese is in 70- to 75-pound wheels; the dried eggs and dried milk are packaged principally in barrels of 175 to 200 pounds This is the efficient and practical way to buy these commodities in carrying out price support, but it requires additional operations in preparation for welfare distribution, . State and local agencies in general do not have the funds and facilities, or are not will- ing to provide the funds and facilities needed to meet transportation, repackaging, and distribution costs. They must have some way of getting the supplies with freight charges and other special handling costs taken care of, {f there is to be a material increase in the use of surplus foods by these groups. We have continued to give a good deal of study to the possibility of using some sort of
1950 “food stamp” or “food allotment” program to mect some of our price-support problems. Programs of this type, however, are designed to move greater volumes through normal channels of trade. They would not serve to move commodities out of the Government inventories directly. Programs of this type were developed for use in a period of heavy unemployment. Such a situation does not exist today. Further, as I pointed out a year ego last April when discussing general price- support proposals, such a program might be administratively expensive and difficult. Last April, at the request of this committee, I suggested legislation which would broaden the authority of the Dopartment to donate surplus commodities, througi the direct dis- tribution type of programs, to needy persons both in this country and abroad. The sug- gested legislation would make it possible for the Corporation to pay transportation costs on the surplus commodities from their pres- ent points of storage to central receiving points within the States, and for foreign re- lief. Further, we would be able to repackage these commodities in suitable containers for distribution to the various welfare and re- Jated outlets in this country, as well as for foreign relief uses. If such legislation were enacted, I believe the great majority of the States would be able and willing to assume the responsibility for expanding distribution within the States—to the school-lunch pro- grams, to Institutions, and to welfare groups. It is recognized that expanded donations of this kind will not serve to remove all of the cxisting rurplus stocks, neither will it pre- vent the tuture accumulation of additional surplus holdings. Even though increasing the distribution for human consumption by these groups would be only a partial answer to our current problem, I nevertheless feel that it would be a very important step and one which should be tuken now. I therefore urge your committee to consider the enact- ment of authorizing legislation in line with the gcneral recommendations I suggested to the committee on April 27 of this year. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. HAVENNER asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include a specch. Mr. WOLVERTON asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in four instances, and in each to include news articles. Mr. DONOHUE asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the ReEcorp. Mr. SHELLEY asked and was given permission to extend his remarks; in one instance to include an editorial and in another instance to include a statement by himself and his colleagues from California. Mr. SABATH (at the request of Mr, MANSFIELD) was given permission to ex- tend his remarks. Mr. MANSFIELD asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include extraneous matter, Mr, CLEMENTE asked and was given permission to extend his remarks and include an article. LEAVE OF ABSENCE By unanimous consent leave of ab- sence was granted as follows: To Mr, Waener (at the request of Mr, Hays of Ohio) for today and tomorrow on account of serious illness in family; To Mr. Yates (at the request of Mr. O'Brien of Illinois) for Monday and Tuesday, on account of official business; To Mr. Tackerr (at the request of Mr. Mitts) for 2 days on account of official business; To Mr. Coupert (at the request of Mr. Martin of Massachusetts) for 5 days, on account of illness in family; To Mr. Karst, for Monday and Tues- day, on account of official business; To Mr. Hanp (at the request of Mr. Towe), indefinitely, on account of ill- ness; To Mr. Rsins (at the request of Mr. JONES of Alabama), indefinitely, on ac- count of death in the family. SENATE BILL REFERRED A bill of the Senate of the following title was taken from the Speaker's table and, under the rule, referred as follows: § 3869. An act to authorize the President tu control the anchorage and movement of foreign-flag vessels in waters of the United States when the national security of the United States is endangered, and for other purpcses; to the Committee on the Ju- diciary. ENROLLED BILL SIGNED Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee had examined and found truly enrolled a bill of the House of the following title, which was thereupon signed by the Speaker: H R 3506. An act for the relief of Louis P. Murphy, United States immigrant in- spector, El Paso, Tex. ‘BILL PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee did on July 21, 1950 pre- sent to the President, for his approval, a bill of the House of the following title: H.R. 7477. Providing for the conveyance to the town of Nahant, Mass, of the Fort Ruckman Military Reservation. ADJOURNMENT Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 22 minutes p. m.), the House adjourned until tomorrow, Tues- day, July 25, 1950, at 12 o’clock noou. MOTION TO DISCHARGE COMMITTEE JuLy 10, 1950. To the Clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives: Pursuant to clause 4 of rule XXVII, I, Hon. Joun R. WALSH, move to discharge the Committee on Rules from the con- sideration of the resolution (H. Res. 667) entitled “A resolution providing for the consideration of H. R. 8195, a bill to rescind the order of the Postmaster Gen- eral curtailing certain postal services,” which was referred to said committee June 26, 1950, in support of which motion the undersigned Members of the House of Representatives affix their signatures, to wit: . John R. Walsh. . Thurman C, Crook. Gordon Canfield. Harold D. Donohue. . Philip J. Philbin. . L. Gary Clemente. . Charles R. Howell. . William B. Widnall. ry CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 9. 10, 11. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 17, 18. 19. 20. ai. 22, 23, 24, 25. 26. 27, 28, 29, 30. 31, 32, 33. 34, 35. 36. 37, 38. 39. 40. 41, 42, 43. 44. 45. 46. 47, 48. 49, 50. 51, 52, 53. 4, 55. 56, 57. 58. 59. 60. 61 62. 63. 64. 65. G6. 67. 68. 69. 70, 71, 72. 73. 74, 75. 76. 17. 78. 79, 80. 81. 82. 83. 84, 85. 86. 87. 10897 Robert J. Corbett. Richard Bolling. Edna F. Kelly. Isidore Dollinger. James J. Heffernan. A. A. Ribicoff. Eugene J. Keogh. Anthony F, Tauriello, Katharine St. George. Winfield K. Denton. Wayne L. Hays. John A. McGuire. Gardner R. Withrow. William T. Granahan. W. A. Barrett. Harry P. O'Neill. Hugh J. Addonizio. Henry D. Larcade. John B. Sullivan. Edward J. Hart. John F. Shelley. Abraham J. Multer. H. R. Gross. Edith Nourse Rogers. James Buckley. James E. Van Zandt. Donald W. Nicholson. Usher L. Burdick. James C. Auchincloss. William T. Byrne. Ray W. Karst. Daniel J. Flood. Edgar A. Jonas. Charles A. Wolverton. Gordon L. McDonough. Jacob K. Javits. Joseph L. Pfeifer. James S. Goldcn. Antoni N. Sadlak. Peter W. Rodino, Jr. Eugene J. McCarthy. Eugene D. O’Sullivan. R. W. Hoffman. Harold C. Hagen. C. W. Bishop. James T. Patterson. James F. Lind. William J. Green, Jr. Hugh D. Scott, Jr. Chester E. Merrow. John J. Rooney. Earl T. Wagner. Thomas H. Burke. Chester C. Gorski. Harry J. Davenport. Donald L. O’Toole. John Phillips. T. Millet Hand. Clifford P. Case. John W. Heselton. James J. Murphy. Neil J. Linehan. John Fogarty. Franck R. Havenner. Cleveland M. Bailey. James G. Fulton. John Davis Lodge. John McSweeney. Barratt O’Hara. Frank Buchanan. Walter S. Baring. Charles P. Nelson. Thomas J. Lane. George D. O'Brien. Thor C. Tollefson. J. Glenn Beall, Foster Furcolo. Harley O. Staggers. Andrew J. Biemiller.
10898 88. Louis B. Heller. 89, Earl Chudoff. 90. Vito Marcantonio, 91. Roy W. Wier, 92. Earl Wilson. 93. Dean P. Taylor. 94, Clyde Doyle. 95. Aime J. Forand, 96. Alvin E. O’Konski. $7. Ivor D. Fenton. 98. Franklin H. Lichtenwalter, 99. Paul W. Shafer. 100. Christopher C. McGrath. 101. A. C Powell, Jr. 102. Angier L. Goodwin, 103. Mike Mansfield. 104. Edward A Garmatz, 105. Reva Beck Bosone. 106. Carroll D Kearns. 107. Morgan M. Moulder. 108. W. F. Norrell, 109. Ben F. Jensen, 110. Paul Cunningham. 111. Henry O. Talle. 112. John A. Blatnik, 113 Melvin Price 114. Sidney R. Yates, 115. Joe R Bryson. 116. Harold O. Lovre. 117. Ernest K. Bramblett, 118. John H Marsalis. 119. Robert L Ramsay. 120. Herbert A Meyer. 121. Reid F Murray, 122. Sid Simpson. 123. Cecil R. King. 124 Jos, P. O'Hara, 125 Norris Cotton 126 M G Burnside 127. George M Rhodes, 128. George H Fallon. 129, Edward H. Kruse, Jr, 130. Frank W. Boykin, 131. Geo. H. Christopher. 152. Cheste: A Chesney, 133. James B Hare. 134. Clement J. Zablocki. 135. Charles E Bennett. 136 Charles B Hceven. 137, Walter A. Lynch. 138 Arthur G Klein. 139. John C Davies, 140. L H. Gavin 141, Monroe M Redden. 142. Hamilton C Jones. 143. Wayne N Aspinall. 144, Charles A. Buckley. 145. Franklin D Roosevelt, Jr, 146. J. Harry McGregor, 147, Jack Z, Anderson. 148. Walter E. Brehm. 149, Cecil M. Harden. 150. Harold H. Velde. 151. George P. Miller, 152. John C Kunkel, 153. Merlin Hull. 154, John E. Miles. 155. J. Hardin Peterson. 156, John Kee 157. John F. Kennedy, 158. George Smathers, 159. Alvin F, Weichel. 160. Henry J. Latham. 161. Ray J. Madden, 162. Joe L. Evins. 163. Hardie Scott. 164, W. K. Granger. 165. Charles E. Potter. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 166. Walt Horan, 167. A.S J Carnahan. 168. Augustine B. Kelley. 169, Anthony Cavalcante. 170, Frank M. Karsten, 171. Clare Magee. 172. Walter H. Judd. 173. Dwight L. Rogers, 174 Homer D Angell. 175. J. Caleb Boggs. 176. Robert T. Secrest. 177, Walter B. Huber, 178. Albert M. Cole. 179. Dewey Short. 180. Dixie Gilmer. 181. Carl Elliott 182. Hugh B. Mitchell. 183. Lansdale G. Sasscer. 184 Harry L. Towe. 185. Victor Wickersham. 186. T H. Werdel 187. Lawrence H. Smith. 188 William W. Blackney. 189. Charles A. Plumley. 190. Thomas E. Morgan. 191, Michael A. Feighan. 192. Francis E. Walter, 193. J B. Frazier, Jr, 194 E H Hedrick 195, Cecil F White. 196 Tom Steed. 197. W L. Pfeiffer. 198. L C. Battle. 199. Thomas J. O’Brien. 200 Edward deGraffenried., 201. Frances P. Bolton. 202. George Howard Wilson. 203. R. B Chiperfield. 204 Leo E Allen. 205. Harold A Patten. 206. Frank Fellows. 207, Jesse P. Wolcott. 208. John P. Saylor. 209. James J Delaney. 210. Ben H Guill. 211. Robert Crosser. 212. Boyd Tackett 213. Wesley A. D'Ewart. 214. Hubert B. Scudder, 215. John B. Bennett. 216 L Mendel Rivers. 217. Stephen M. Young. 218. Louis Rabaut. This motion was entered upon the Journal, entered in the CONGRESSIONAL Recorp with signatures thereto, and re- ferred to the Calendar of Motions to Dis- charge Committees, July 24, 1950. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETO. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- tive communications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as fol- lows: 1573. A letter from the Postmaster Gen- eral transmitting a report of claims paid by the Post Office Department under the pro- visions of the Federal Tort Claims Act dur- ing the fiscal year 1949-60; to the Commit- tee on the Judiciary. 1574, A letter from the Under Secretary of the Navy, transmitting a report of the num- ber of professors and instructors and the amount of compensation for each employed by that activity, pursuant to Public Law 303, Eightieth Congress; to the Committee on® Armed Services. 1575. A letter from the Comptroller of the Currency, transmitting the annual report of JULY 24 the Comptroller of the Currency, for the year of 1949, to the Committee on Banking and Currency. 1876. A letter from the Secretary of Com- merce, transmitting the eleventh quarterly report required under the Export Control Act of 1949 and the Second Decontrol Act of 1947, as amended; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. 1577. A letter from the president, Board of Commissioners, District of Columbia, transmitting a draft of a bill entitled “A bill to fix the responsibilities of the disbursing officer and of the auditor of the District of Columbia, and for other purposes”; to the Committee on the District of Columbia 1578 A letter from the Secretary of De- fense, transmitting a draft of legislation en- titled “A bill to amend the act entitled ‘An act to authorize certain administrative ex- penses in the Government fervice, and for other purposes,’” approved August 2, 1946 (60 Stat 806), and for other purposes, to the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments 1579 A letter from the Archivist of the United States, transmitting a report on rec- ords proposed for disposal and lists or sched- ules covering records proposed for disposal by certain Government agencies; to the Com- mittee on House Administration. 1580 A letter from the Attorney General transmitting copies of the orders of the Com- missioner of the Immigration and Naturall- gation Service granting the application for permanent residence filed by the subjects of such orders, pursuant to section 4 of the act of Congress approved June 25, 1948, and pur- suant to the amendment thereof as approved June 16, 1950; to the Committee on the Judiciary 1581. A letter from the Administrator, Housing and Home Finance Agency, trans- mitting the annual report with respect to tort claims paid within the Housing and Home Finance Agency for the calendar year 1949, pursuant to Public Law 601, Seventy- ninth Congress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1582 A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a draft of a pro- posed bill entitled “A bill to amend subsec- tion (b) of section 10 of the act of June 26, 1884, as amended (U. 8. C, title 46, sec 699 (b))”, to the Committee on Merchant Ma- rine and Fisheries, 1683 A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill entitled “A bill to authorize the Secre- tary of the Interior to compromise, adjust, or cancel certain debts of individual Indians and Indian tribal organizations, and for other purposes”, to the Committee on Public Lands. 1584. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a report and findings on the Middle Rio Grande project, New Mexico (H Doc. No. 653), to the Committee on Public Lands, and ordered to be printed, with illustrations, 1585. A letter from the Secretary of the Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, dated June 8, 1950, submitting a report, together with accompanying papers and an illustration, on &® preliminary examination and survey of Turtle Cove, Tex., authorized by the River and Harbor Act approved on July 24, 1046 (H. Doc. No 654); to the Committee on Pub- lic Works and ordered to be printed, with one illustration, 1586. A letter from the Secretary of the Army, transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, dated June 19, 1950, submitting a report, together with acompanying papers, on a preliminary exam- ination of Smith River and tributaries, Call- fornia and Oregon, authorized by the Flood
1950 Control Act approved on July 24, 1946; to the Committee on Public Works. 1587, A commt nication from the President of the United States, transmitting a supple- mental estimate of appropriation for the fiscal year 1951 in the amount of $10,000,000 for the Executive Office of the President (H. Doc. No. 655); to the Committee on Appro- priations and ordered to be printed. 1688. A communication from the President of the United States, transmitting a supple- mental estimate of appropriation for the fiscal year 1961 in the amount of $20,476,000 for the Selective Service System (H. Doc. No, 656); to the Committee on Appropriations ald ordered to be printed. 1589. A communication from the President of the United States, transmitting supple- mental estimates of appropriation in the amount of $10,486,976,0C0 for the fiscal year 1951 for the Armed Forces (H. Doc. No. 657); to the Committee on Appropriations and or- dered to be printed, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. BECKWORTH: Committce on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce. H.R. 7502. A bill to amend the War Claims Act of 1948, as amended, with respect to hearings, examt- nations, or investigations; with amendment (Rept. No. 2705). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr, PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H.R 6537. A bill to provide funds for cooperation with the Territorial school authorities of Nome, Alaska, in the construc- tion, extension, improvement, and equip- ment of school facilities, to be available to both native and nonnative children; with amendment (Rept. No. 2706). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union Mr. BECKWORTH: Committee on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce. 8. 4 An act authorizing the advanced training in acro- nautics of technical personnel of the Civil Aeronautics Administration; with amend- ment (Rept No. 2707). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the Stute of the Union. Mr, ROGERS of Florida: Committee on Interstate and Foretgn Commerce. 8S. 442, An act to amend the Air Commerce Act of 1926 (44 Stat. 568), as amended, to provide for the application to civil air navigation of laws and regulations related to animal and plant quarantine, and for other purposes, without amendment (Rept. No. 2708). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. BECKWORTH: Committee on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce. 8.2875. An act to extend for a period of 5 years the time for appropriating and expending funds to carry out the Federal Airport Act; without amendment (Rept. No. 2700), Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. McGUIRE: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 8.9377. An act to amend the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as amended; without amendment (Rept. No. 2710). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. BONNER: Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. 8. 2240. An act to authorize certain personnel and former per- sonnel of the Untted States Coast Guard and the United States Public Health Service to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE accept certain gifts tendered by foreign gov- ernments; without amendment (Rept. No. 2711). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands, H. R. 7342. A bill to provide for boundary adjustments of the Badlands Na- tional Monument, in the State of South Da- kota, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 2712). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H.R. 8158. A bill to repeal certain laws as they affect the Territory of Alaska; without amendment (Rept. No. 2713), Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. MORRIS: Committee on Public Lands, H. R. 8453. A bill to authorize the sale of certain small tracts of Indian land lying to the south and oast of the Tongue River in the State of Montana; without amendment (Rept No 2714). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 8613. A bill to authorize loans to make available in any area or region credit for- merly made available in such area or region by the Regional Agricultural Credit Corpora- tion; with amendment (Rept. No 2715). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. TT R. 8850. A bill to establish two udditional Offices of Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture and office of an Administrative Assistant Sec- retary of Agriculture, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept No. 2716). Re- ferred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Stute of the Union. Mr. STANLEY: Committee on House Ad- ministration, H. R. 9023. A bill to amend the Hatch Act; with amendment (Rept No. 2717). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Unton. Mr. VINSON: Committee on Armed Serv- ices. H.R. 9177. A bill to authorize the President to extend enlistments in the Armed Forces of the United States; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2718). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. VINSON: Committee on Armed Serv- ices. H.R. 9178. A blll to suspend the au- thorized personnel strength of the Armed Forces, and for other purposes; with amend- ment (Rept. No 2719). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. S 192. An act to confer jurisdiction on the courts of the State of New York with respect to civil actions between Indians or to which Indians are parties; without amend- ment (Rept. No. 2720). Referred to the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 1662. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to acquire on behalf of the United States Government all prop- erty and facilities of the Rainier National Park Co; with amendment (Rept. No. 2721). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. : Mr. PETERSON: Committee on Public Lands, H. R. 8979. A bill to provide for the transfer or quitclaim of title to certain lands in Florida; with amendment (Rept. No, 2722). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mrs. BOSONE: Committee on Public Lands, House Joint Resolution 490. Joint resolu. tion to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Interior to study the respective tribes, bands, and groups of Indians under his Ju. 10899 risdiction to determine their qualifications to manage their own affairs without super- vision and control by the Federal Govern- ment; without amendment (Rept. No. 2723). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. DOUGHTON: Committee on Ways and Means. House Joint Resolution 497. Joint resolution excluding from gross estate of a nonresident alien works of art on loan to the trustees of the National Gallery of Art; with amendment (Rept. No. 2724). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. JONES of Alabama: Committee on Pub- lic Works. House Joint Resolution 506, Joint recolution to modify the authority of the White County Bridge Commission created by the act approved April 12, 1941; to authorize sald Commission and its successors to pur- chase or construct, and to maintain and operate, bridges across the Wabash River at various locations and to purchase, maine tain, and operate terries; and for other pur~ poses; without amendment (Rept. No. 2725). Referred to the House Calendar, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 9062. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Willie G. Heath; without amendment (Rept. No. 2726). Refeired to the Committee of the Whule House, PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: H.R. 9213. A bill to guarantee benefits of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, to all members of our armed services now on active duty in Korea and to others, to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. HOLIFIELD: H.R.9214. A bill to amend the Recon- struction Finance Corporation Act to pro- hibit the employment of certain personnel of the Corporation by organizations recelving loans or other financial assistance therefrom; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: H.R. 9215. A bill to authorize the Presle dent to control the anchorage of foreign- flag vessels in waters of the United States when the national security of the United States ls endangered, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judictary. By Mr. JUDD: H.R. 9216, A bill to permit the admis- sion of allen spouses and minor children of citizen members of the United States armed forces; to the Committee on the Judiciary, By Mr, KEOGH: H.R.9217. A bill to exempt persons who served as cadets in the United States Mer- chant Marine Academy in excess of 90 days at sea beyond the continental limits of the United States between September 16, 1940, and September 2, 1945, from induction or service under the Selective Service Act of 1948; to the Committee on Armed Services, By Mr. DONDERO: H.R. 9218. A bill to outlaw the Communist Party with respect to candidacy for Federal or State elective offices; to the Committee on House Administration.
10900 By Mr STIGLER: H.R. 9219. A bill to promote the rehabill- tation of the Five Civilized Tribes and other Indians of eastern Okiahoma, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. DOYLE: H. J. Res. 607. Joint resolution to provide for the continuation of operations under certain mineral leases issued by the respec- tive States covering submerged lands of the Continental Shelf, to encourage the con- tinued development of such leases, to pro- vide for the protection of the interests of the United States in the oll and gas deposite of said lands, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HOLIFIELD: H. J. Res. 508. Joint resolution to provide for the continuation of operations under ccr- tain mineral leases issued by the respective States covering submerged lands of the Con- tinental Shelf, to encourage the continued development of such leases, to provide for the protection of the interests of the United States in the oil and gas deposits of said lands, and for other purposes; to the Com- mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MASON: H. J. Res. 609. Joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States imiting the taxing and spend- ing powers of the Congress; to the Commite tee on the Judiciary By Mr. MANSFIELD: H J Res. 510, Joint resolution to exempt certain counsel employed by committee from certain Federal laws under Special Commit- tee on Campaign Expenditures, 1950; to the Committee on the Judiclary. By Mr. SMATHERS: H J. Res. 511. Joint resolution providing for recognition and endorsement of the Inter-American Cultural and Trade Center; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. HOLIFIELD: H Con. Res, 248. Concurrent resolution to express the sense of the Congress with re- spect to universal service and total moubiliza- tion of national resourecs in any future war in which the United States may be engaged; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. KEE: H. Res 731. Resolution authorizing a re- print of House Report No. 2495, Background Information on Korea; to the Committee on House Administration. By Mr. RABAUT: H. Res, 732, Resolution tc create a select committee to investigate and study the high cost of living; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. SHEPPARD: H Res. 733, Resolution to increase com- pensation to certain employees under the jurisdiction of the Doorkeeper; to the Com- mittee on House Administration. MEMORIALS Under clause 3 of rule XXIV, memo- rials were presented and referred as follows: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legisla- ture of the Btate of Massachusetts, urging legislation to authorize a commemorative postage stamp in recognition of the out- standing service of Maj. Gen, Henry Knox: to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Btate of New York, requesting the enactment of appropriate legislation to bring to the attention of various countries the feeling of world-wide revulsion at the forcible deten- tion of 28,000 children from their homes in Greece; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Also, memorial of the Legislature of the State of New York, requesting the enact- ment of appropriate legislation returning to the several States excess amounts collected by the Federal Government for the admin- istration costs of the unemployment insur- ance and employment service programs; to the Committee on Ways and Means, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. BATES of Massachusetts: H.R. 9220. A bill for the relief of Gtovannt Pepe; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DEANE: H.R. 9221. A bill with respect to the na- tional service life insurance in the case of the late Guy P. Harris; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PATTEN: H R.9222. A bill for the relief of Eiko Moriyama, to the Committee on the Judl- ciary. By Mr. SABATH: H.R. 9223. A bill for the rellef of Zora Novacek, Daniela Novacek, and Frantisek Novacek; to the Committee on the Judi- ciary. By Mr. SADOWSKI: H.R. 9224. A bill for the relief of Balsina Borrelli; to the Committee on the Judi- ciary. By Mr SHEPPARD: H.R.9225 A bill for the relief of Lee Lal Ha; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. SIKES. H.R 9226. A bill for the relief of Capt. and Mrs Jens Einer Hermann Henrichsen as owners of the yacht Viking; to the Commit- tee on the Judiciary, PETITIONS, ETC, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: 2278. By Mr. GOODWIN: Resolutions of the Massachusetts Legislature, providing that Congress be petitioned to pass legislation au- thorizing the issue of a commemorative post- age stamp in recognition of the outstanding service to the Nation of Maj. Gen. Henry Knox; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, 2279, Also, resolution of the Board of Aldermen of the city of Somerville, with regard to pollution of the Mystic River, to the Committee on Public Works. 2280. By Mi. MACK of Washington: Memorial of the Washington State House of Representatives, presently tn session, with reference to the President’s action in send- ing military aid to Korea; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 2281. Also, memorial of the Washington State Legislature, asking Federal assistance in the maintenance of highways in the Fort Lewis area, to the Committee on Public Works, 2282, By Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts: Memorial of the General Court of Massachu- setts, urging legislation to authorize a com- memorative postage stamp tn recognition of the outstanding service of Maj. Gen. Henry Enox; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Bervice. 2283. By the SPEAKER: Petition of E. E. MacDonald, manager, Hidalgo County Water Control and Improvement District No. 6, Mission, Tex., deploring the long and inex- cusable delay in construction work on the JULY 24 Falcon Dam provided for and required by the treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Mexico; to the Committee on Appropriations. 2284. Also, petit!.n of O. N. Burgess, sec- retary, Virginia-Carolinas Typographical Conference, Charlotte, N. C., endorsing the principle of the 35-hour workweek, to in- clude all Government employees, both an- nual and per diem; to the Committee on House Administration. 2285. Also, petition of E. A. Munyan, Atomic City Post, No, 199, American Legion, Oak Ridge, Tenn., requesting that they be placed cn record as protesting the defiant attitude of the Atomic Energy Commission Officials at Oak Ridge in ignoring veterans’ preference rights, and that an appropriate committee of the Congress be requested to immediately investigate this terrible situa- tion; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. 2286 Also, petition of F Kennedy Carr, secretary, Townsend Clubs of Volusia County, Fla., Daytona Beach, Fla., requesting passage of House bills 2135 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 2287. Also, petition of Mrs. Charles H. Nut- ting and others, Ormond, Fla, requesting passage of House bills 2185 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways and Means. COMMITTEE EMPLOYEES CoMMITITEE ON AGRICULTURE JuLy 17, 1950. To the CLer« oF THE Houser: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 184 (b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap- proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the following report showing the name, pro- fession, and total salary of each person em- ployed by it during the 6-month period from January 1, 1950, to June 30, 1950, inclusive, together with total funds authorized or appropriated and expended by it: Total gross. Name of employee Profession ae 6-month pernod Jowph O, Parker ....| Attornoy ...... ~ -| $5, 250 98 John J, Nenmburger...| Commedity and re | §, 20. 98 search specialist, Altaveno Clark.......] Executive officer | 2,711 49 (from Jan. 1 to Mar, 31, 1950). Mabel C. Downey....] Clerk... ....2.-....] 5, 250 08 Lydia Vaein, 22.22... Btaff assistant... -| 2,027 57 Lorraine Adumson....}. 2. dO... Lee -| 2,207 55 Betty Preriovo... foo... do... weed 2,018, 3 Alico M, Baker. ....2.[...2- (a 2, 627, 52 Funds authoriged or appropriated for com- mittee expenditures. ........222... eeweeee $50, 000 00 Amount of expenditures proviously reported. 9, 030 65 Amount oxpended from Jan, 1 to June 30, W50. eae e eee nme n ee - 6,576 66 Total amount expended from Jan. 1 to Juno 30, WHO. eee eee ee 1h, 607.31 Balance uncxponded as of July 1, 1950....... 34, 392. 69 Hakow D. Coorey, Chairman. COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JULY 15, 1950. To the CurrK or tHe Housk: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 184 (b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946,
1950 Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap- proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the following report showing the name, pro- feesion, and total salary of each person em- ployed by it during the 6-month period from January 1, 1950, to June 30, 1950, inclusive, together with total funds authorized or appropriated and expended by it: Total ross Namo of employ silary employee Profession durhise 6-month period George Y. Harvey....] Theclerk....  _.._. $5, 422 9R Kennoth Spranklo.._.] The assistant clerk .| 5.422 98 William A, Duvall....} Second clerk Corhal 1D, Oresean....] Assistant clerk. Robert E, Lambert. ussistant | 5,242. 50 5, 242 50 6,242 50 Arthur Orr __.. 4, 896-40 Paul M, Wilson 4, 806 010 Ross 1), Popo. 4, 754. 60 Robort 2. Williams. 4,551 24 Claude E Hobbs, Jr..|..2. do... 22-2... 4,205 64 Jay B Howe 2.0 _...{-222.do Le... 4, 205 64 Frank Sanders. 2 2..)...-.do...2. 22. ...] BL 850 8 Lawrence C, Miller... Junior assistant | 2,642 04 clerk, QQ Homer Skarin. 2... wees GOL ee 2,424 78 Karl © Silsby = ......].22_- 0; (nn 2, 207 52 Molvin EF, Lefever._.-] Clerk-stenographer..| 1, 990 26 Robert W) Thompson|.....do ..........-.-- 1,990 26 Ralph A O'Malley .. James A Enstop.-.... Robert M. Lewis __.. 1,326 Kt 1,890 26 1, 686 12 Moesenger Frank B Avery, Jr. | Page. _. - | 3,555 74 E. L, Eckloff..i.... a Clerk tu the major. | 4, 205. 64 tv Robert FE. Lee... Clerk to the minor-,| 5, 422 98 itv Lawrenee A. DiCenzo.| Clerk-stenograpber 1,990 26 to ranking: minor- ity member Julin M, Elliott...... | Clerk-stenographer 1,900 26 to subcommittee chairman, Vivian V Martin 2.22] 222. do 1,990 26 Kuli D> Riesby 22222] 22.-do 1,990 26 Marion B, Lacey... ----OL 1, 600 26 Josephine Eo Frick_...}-.2.- do 1,090 2A Allee @ Keeffe 0 22. [oll do. 1, 990 26 William Jo Nearyo... | ..2.do 1,990 26 N C Barrett...2-.222]--2- do 1,990 26 John F. Byrne.......-|...--do 1,326 y4 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expenditures... .2.2..0-2---- 2 eee 212, 000 00 Amount ofexpenditures previously reported. 96, 677 sey Amount expended from January 1 to June 80, 1980__ 2.22.22 eee ee eee 104, 629 08 Total amount expended from July 1, 1949, to June 30, 1940 2-2 2 Le. 201, 307 09 Balance unextpended as of June 30, 1960. .. 10, G92 YL CLARENCE CANNON, Chairman, —_— COMMITIEE ON APPROPRIATIONS (INVESTIGATIVE STAFF) JuLy 15, 1950. To the CLERK OF THE HOUSE: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap- proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the following report showing the name, pro- fession, and total salary of each person em- ployed by it during the 6-month period from January 1, 1950, to June 80, 1950, inclusive, together with total funds authorized or appropriated and expendcd by It: Total gross Name of employee Profession salary, 6-month period James J. Maloney ....| Chief investigator... | $4, 274.76 Edward E, Hargett...| Chief investigator 735 50 1 (from Jan. ito3l). 3 40 09 Fredaric D. Vechery..| Investigator... .. -- Hato) N, Ward... Clork-stenographer.. 1, 507. 70 Anna R. Murabito do... 1, 124 08 Lorene Hudgens . do 605 44 Kena F, Sylvestre.....|-.--.do.. 273 73 ante nnte NT, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Reimbursements to Government agencies INVESTIGATORS . Total Bross Nar . sulary amo of employee Profession during 6-month period Atomic Fnerzy Com- mission: Albert P Pollman.|..........--.-e eee ee $1, 519 38 Ned Williams 1, 697 36 Department of the Alc 260 29 oree? Thompson J. Simpson Department of the Army Corps of Engle |e. cee ceeee ee neeeeeee- 58. 46 neers Allen W Turk- holder, Civil Serv ico Commus- sion: Alfred Fo Wraser | ocee eee ee eee ee 420 00 Edward} Hiekey {...22..22-.-.--22-2 530 00 Federal Bureau of In- vestigation Harold H. Harr. |e eee ene eee eee eee 450 00 Warren A Huches |. 438 47 Arthur J. Not 428, 47 strom, Jamos FE Nugent .|---------- eee eee 1,590 00 Robert HM, Right- |o......-..2 eee 1,386 16 myer PaulQ Travers |_....2.--------------- 1, 549 24 Federal Power: Com- m’ssion Ovear A Arnold. |_-.-2----------- eee 276 92 Arne H Ronka_. |_...2...----.--------- 5&3 84 Federal Security Agency’ Charlos M, Fris- |.....2.22.2-2.--2-- eee 1, 050. 00 man, C Erwin Rice... |-.-.--- eee eee eee 854 40 Department of Jus- tee George S.Swarth |o..-2.-- eee nee ee 329 68 Denartment of Labor Charles Ko Autster . Department of the 1,017 69 avy Donald M. Pate | wee see neee anne ee eeeee 318 24 terson, Paul G Ross... ...] 0.2 -..---- eee eee eee 283 68 Beeunties and Kix- change Commission Joseph Bernstein. Michael J. LiaPu- duly Treasury Department Edgar FE, Hoppe... TEMPORARY CLERICAL AND EDITORIAL ASNISTANTS Departinent of Agri- culture, William J. Burke. Exceutive Office of the President, Bu- reut of the Budget Willard) Lynn- hutst Johnson, dr, Howard Stone .. Department of Com- merece Royal E. Olmert. Federal Security Ageney’ John Wal- ter Hambleton Government Printing Ottiee. Donald Q. Fulton. Department of Interio.. Card Carlson Deputment of. Jus- thee. Donald W. Phelan. Departinent_of Labor: iobert P. VanZant.. Department of State: Harold G, Kissiek . Treasury Departinent: Reece V, Bean__.... the Ww. Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expenditures Amount of expenditures previously re- 1, 263 OL 2, 240 50 109 23 1, 044 61 939 36 1, 227, 60 415 38 775. 20 ported... 22-22-2222 eee eee ee nee eee 85, 713. 11 Amount expended from Jan.1 to June 30, 1950. 53, 608, 78 Total amount expended from July 1, 1949, to June 30, 1950_.........----06 89, 321. 89 Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1050.... 60, 678. 11 CLARENCE CANNON, Chairman, 10901 ARMED SeRvicrs COMMITIEZE June 30, 1950. To the CLerx or THE House: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap- proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the following report showing the name, pro- fession, and total salary ot each person em- ployed by it during the 6-month period from January 1, 1950, to June 30, 1950, inclusive, together with total funds authorized or appropriated and expended by it: Total Bross > salary Name of employee Profession during 6-month pertod Rohert TW Harper... Chief clerk 2... | $5, 422 98 James Denking ..2...- Assistant clerk (Jan- 357. 068 uary Wilham Wingate... 2. Assistant clork......| 1,785 90 John KR, Blandford....] Professional staff} 5, 422. 98 member, Cherles F_Dueander. | 2.2 do... 22. 5, 422. 98 Bryce No Warlow__..- 5, 422 98 Robert Wo Smart. -_.-- .do. fi, 422 08 Agnes H Johnston....| Secretary... 2, O85, 48, Rosemary Curty. ....] Stenographer. 2,482 74 Gladys Flanagan. ...2|...-. do... 2,482 74 Berniece Kalinowski._}.....do. 2. 2, 482 74 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expenditures. .o.22202222 eee ee $35,000 00 Amount of expenditures previously reported. 16, dt8. 82 Amount expended from Jun. lL te June 30, Total amount expended from Jan 1 to June 20, 1980 _ ee naw 3.10 Balance unexpended as of Juno 30, 1950 2... 18, 678, 80 Car. VINSON, Chairman, — COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY JULY 15, 1950. To the CLerK oF THE HOUSE: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) cf theo Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, Public Law 601, Seventy-ninth Congress, ap- proved August 2, 1946, as amended, submits the following report showing the name, proe fession, and total salary of each person em- ployed by it during the 6-month period from January 1, 1950, to June 30, 1950, inclusive, together with total funds authorized or appropriated and expended by it: Total aia 1 salary Name of employce Profession durine 6-month pertod Orman 8, Fink... --| Professional staff..._| $4,758 60 John E, Barriero._...2). 2..do... 2. 2. -| 8, 680, 22 Wiliam J, Hallahan..| Clerk... -| 5, 422,98 Elsio L, Gould. ._.2..- Assistant clork....2.} 3,721.74 Margaret P. Battle....} Stenographer 2,424 7% Helen E, Long..... ---| Assistant clerk... 2, 388. 54 Funds authorized or appropriated for com- mittee expendituress.-.2-222 02.2 ele $25, 000 00 Salmo Amount of oxpenditures previously reporte 1. 6, 038. 40 Amount expended from Jan, 1 to June 30, 1050.2 222 ee eee eee wee e eee ene e eee 6,671.74 Total amount expended from Oct. 19, 1049 to June 30, 1950. .  ... 1 -- eee 11,710.14 Balance unexpended as of June 30, 1950.._... 14, 289. 86d Brent SPENCE, Chairman. Commirter oN THE Districr or COLUMBIA June 30, 1950. To the CLerx oF THE HousE: The above-mentioned committee or sub- committee, pursuant to section 134 (b) of the Leg slative Reorganization Act of 1946,