weather modification, is hereby nullified and shall have no 
force or effect. 
SEC. 5. PROHIBITION ON RESEARCH AND EXPERIMEN-
TATION. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no Fed-
eral department or agency, or any recipient of Federal 
funds, may authorize or conduct any research, testing, or 
experimentation that constitutes weather modification in 
the United States, including the territories and posses-
sions of the United States. 
SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) AIR CARRIER.—The term ‘‘air carrier’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 40102 of 
title 49, United States Code. 
(2) AIR POLLUTANT.—The term ‘‘air pollutant’’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 302(g) 
of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7602(g)). 
(3) APPARATUS.—The term ‘‘apparatus’’ means 
a device, instrument, or system. 
(4) ATMOSPHERE.—The term ‘‘atmosphere’’ 
means the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth, 
including all airspace within the territorial jurisdic-
tion of the United States. 
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(5) BIOLOGICAL AGENT.—The term ‘‘biological 
agent’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
178 of title 18, United States Code. 
(6) CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE.—The term ‘‘chem-
ical substance’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 3 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 
U.S.C. 2602). 
(7) CLOUD SEEDING.—The term ‘‘cloud seed-
ing’’ means the act of altering the processes of a 
cloud or storm by releasing a substance into the air. 
(8) 
GEOENGINEERING.—The 
term 
‘‘geoengineering’’ means a technological intervention 
aimed at mitigating the effects of lowering the tem-
perature of, or removing certain gases from, the at-
mosphere. 
(9) MARINE CLOUD BRIGHTENING.—The term 
‘‘marine cloud brightening’’ means a strategy for 
adding aerosol to the lower atmosphere over ocean 
regions to increase the reflectivity of clouds. 
(10) STRATOSPHERIC
AEROSOL
INJECTION.— 
The term ‘‘stratospheric aerosol injection’’ means a 
strategy for increasing the number of small reflective 
aerosols in the stratosphere to increase the reflection 
of incoming sunlight. 
(11) WEATHER MODIFICATION.— 
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(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘weather 
modification’’ means any injection, release, 
emission, or dispersal of a chemical substance, 
a biological agent, or an air pollutant, or con-
veyance of an apparatus, into the atmosphere 
that— 
(i) produces a change in the composi-
tion or behavior of the atmosphere; or 
(ii) affects the temperature, weather, 
climate, or intensity of sunlight. 
(B) EXAMPLES.—Such term includes— 
(i) geoengineering; 
(ii) cloud seeding; 
(iii) solar radiation modification and 
management; 
(iv) stratospheric aerosol injection; 
and 
(v) marine cloud brightening. 
SEC. 7. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This Act shall take effect 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
Æ 
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