(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Director 
of the United States Geological Survey, in consulta-
tion with applicable State and Federal data science 
and land management agencies, shall establish a na-
tional database of high potential areas for in situ 
and ex situ carbon mineralization in the United 
States. 
(2) INTEGRATION OF DATA.—The database es-
tablished in this subsection shall integrate data or 
other analysis collected through the activities re-
quired by subsections (a) and (b). 
(d) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section shall 
be construed as requiring prioritization of the use of mine 
tailing for carbon mineralization compared to the use of 
mine tailings for any other purpose. 
SEC. 303. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND CRITICAL MIN-
ERALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES. 
(a) RESEARCH PROGRAM FOR THE RECOVERY OF 
CRITICAL MINERALS FROM VARIOUS FORMS OF MINE 
WASTE
AND METALLURGICAL ACTIVITIES.—The Sec-
retary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary, act-
ing through the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and 
Enforcement Applied Science Program, shall carry out a 
grant program— 
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(1) to research, develop, and assess advanced 
processing technologies and techniques for the ex-
traction, recovery, and reduction of critical minerals, 
including rare earth elements, from various forms of 
mine waste and metallurgical activities, including 
mine waste piles, abandoned mine land sites, acid 
mine drainage sludge, byproducts produced through 
legacy mining and metallurgy activities, or oil shale; 
and 
(2) to determine if there are, and mitigate if 
present, any potential environmental impacts that 
could arise from the recovery of critical minerals 
from these resources. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy, in con-
sultation with the Secretary, shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Natural Resources, the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology, and the Committee 
on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives 
a report evaluating the research and development of ad-
vanced processing technologies for the extraction, recov-
ery, and reduction of critical minerals, including rare 
earth elements, from mine waste piles, acid mine drainage 
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sludge, byproducts produced through legacy mining and 
metallurgy activities, or oil shale. 
TITLE IV—MINING WORKFORCE 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 401. TECHNOLOGY GRANTS TO STRENGTHEN DOMES-
TIC MINING EDUCATION. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) BOARD.—The term ‘‘Board’’ means the 
Mining Professional Development Advisory Board 
established by subsection (d)(1). 
(2) MINING INDUSTRY.—The term ‘‘mining in-
dustry’’ means the mining industry of the United 
States, consisting of the search for, extraction, 
beneficiation, refining, smelting, and processing of, 
naturally occurring metal and nonmetal minerals 
from the earth. 
(3) MINING PROFESSION.—The term ‘‘mining 
profession’’ means the body of jobs directly relevant 
to— 
(A) the exploration, planning, execution, 
and remediation of metal and nonmetal mining 
sites; and 
(B) the extraction, including the separa-
tion, refining, alloying, smelting, concentration, 
and processing, of mineral ores. 
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(4) MINING
SCHOOL.—The term ‘‘mining 
school’’ means— 
(A) a mining, metallurgical, geological, or 
mineral engineering program accredited by the 
Accreditation Board for Engineering and Tech-
nology, Inc., that is located at an institution of 
higher education (as defined in section 101 of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1001)); or 
(B) a geology or engineering program or 
department that is located at a 4-year public in-
stitution of higher education (as so defined) lo-
cated in a qualified State. 
(5) QUALIFIED
STATE.—The term ‘‘qualified 
State’’ means a State that, in the 5 years preceding 
the date of an application for a grant under this sec-
tion, averaged not less than $2,000,000,000 in the 
combined categories of ‘‘Mining (except oil and 
gas)’’ and ‘‘Support activities for mining’’, according 
to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. 
(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(b) DOMESTIC MINING EDUCATION STRENGTHENING 
PROGRAM.—The Secretary shall establish a program to 
strengthen domestic mining education under which the 
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Secretary shall award competitive grants to mining schools 
for the purposes described in paragraph (4). 
(c) GRANTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the grant 
program established under subsection (b), the Sec-
retary shall award not more than 10 grants each 
year to mining schools. 
(2) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—To the maximum ex-
tent practicable, the Secretary shall select re-
cipients for grants under paragraph (1) to en-
sure geographic diversity among grant recipi-
ents to ensure that region-specific specialties 
are developed for region-specific geology. 
(B) TIMELINE.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
award the first grant under paragraph (1) 
not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of this Act. 
(ii) 
SUBSEQUENT
GRANTS.—Each 
year following the first year in which 
grants are awarded pursuant to clause (i), 
the Secretary shall award subsequent 
grants by not later than 1 year after the 
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date on which the grants were awarded the 
previous year. 
(3) RECOMMENDATIONS
OF
THE
BOARD.—In 
selecting recipients for grants under paragraph (1) 
and determining the amount of each grant, the Sec-
retary shall take into consideration the recommenda-
tions of the Board under subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
of subsection (d)(3). 
(4) USE OF FUNDS.—A mining school shall use 
grant funds received under this section— 
(A) to recruit students to the mining 
school, including through awarding scholar-
ships; and 
(B) to enhance and support programs re-
lated to, as applicable— 
(i) mining, mineral extraction effi-
ciency, and related processing technology; 
(ii) emphasizing critical mineral and 
rare earth element exploration, extraction, 
and refining; 
(iii) reclamation technology and prac-
tices for active mining operations; 
(iv) the development of reprocessing 
systems and technologies that facilitate 
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reclamation that fosters the recovery of re-
sources at abandoned mine sites; 
(v) mineral extraction methods that 
reduce environmental and human impacts; 
(vi) technologies to extract, refine, 
separate, melt, or produce minerals, in-
cluding rare earth elements; 
(vii) reducing dependence on foreign 
energy and mineral supplies through in-
creased domestic critical mineral produc-
tion; 
(viii) enhancing the competitiveness of 
United States energy and mineral tech-
nology exports; 
(ix) the extraction or processing of co-
inciding 
mineralization, 
including 
rare 
earth elements, within coal, coal processing 
byproduct, overburden, or coal residue; 
(x) enhancing technologies and prac-
tices relating to mitigation of acid mine 
drainage, reforestation, and revegetation in 
the reclamation of land and water re-
sources adversely affected by mining; 
(xi) enhancing exploration and charac-
terization of new or novel deposits, includ-
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ing rare earth elements and critical min-
erals within phosphate rocks, uranium- 
bearing deposits, and other nontraditional 
sources; 
(xii) meeting challenges of extreme 
mining conditions, such as deeper deposits 
or offshore or cold region mining; and 
(xiii) mineral economics, including 
analysis of supply chains, future mineral 
needs, and unconventional mining re-
sources. 
(d) MINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ADVI-
SORY BOARD.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established an advi-
sory board, to be known as the ‘‘Mining Professional 
Development Advisory Board’’. 
(2) COMPOSITION.—The Board shall be com-
posed of 6 members, to be appointed by the Sec-
retary not later than 180 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, of whom— 
(A) 3 shall be individuals who are actively 
working in the mining profession and for the 
mining industry; and 
(B) 3 shall have experience in academia 
implementing and operating professional skills 
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training and education programs in the mining 
sector. 
(3) DUTIES.—The Board shall— 
(A) evaluate grant applications received 
under subsection (c) and make recommenda-
tions to the Secretary for selection of grant re-
cipients under that subsection; 
(B) propose the amount of the grant for 
each applicant recommended to be selected 
under subparagraph (A); and 
(C) perform oversight to ensure that grant 
funds awarded under subsection (c) are used 
for the purposes described in paragraph (4) of 
that subsection. 
(4) TERM.—A member of the Board shall serve 
for a term of 4 years. 
(5) VACANCIES.—A vacancy on the Board— 
(A) shall not affect the powers of the 
Board; and 
(B) shall be filled in the same manner as 
the original appointment was made by not later 
than 180 days after the date on which the va-
cancy occurs. 
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SEC. 402. AUTHORIZATION OF THE MINERAL RESOURCES 
ASSESSMENT TRAINING PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Within one year of enactment 
of this section, the United States Geological Survey shall 
establish a Mineral Resources Assessment Training Pro-
gram to train early and mid-career scientists, employed 
at the United States Geological Survey to carry out min-
eral assessments and associated activities. 
(1) Training shall be conducted over a two-year 
curriculum period. 
(2) Training curriculum shall be conducted for 
applicable students at regular intervals not less than 
once every five years. 
(b) PILOT PROJECTS.—Participants of the program 
established by (a) may conduct pilot projects furthering 
the goals of the United States Geological Survey Mineral 
Resources Program as part of training curriculum. Such 
pilot projects may be conducted in conjunction with State 
geological surveys, the Bureau of Land Management, and 
other data science and land management agencies. 
(c) INTERAGENCY TRAINING.—In carrying out the 
goals of this section, the United States Geological Survey 
is authorized to conduct joint training sessions with other 
data science and land management agencies, including but 
not limited to the Bureau of Land Management and State 
geological surveys. 
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TITLE V—MINERAL SUPPLY 
CHAIN SECURITY 
SEC. 501. ENSURING CONSIDERATION OF URANIUM AS A 
CRITICAL MINERAL. 
Section 7002(a)(3)(B)(i) is amended to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(i) oil, oil shale, coal, or natural 
gas;’’. 
SEC. 502. REPORT ON INVESTMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN FED-
ERATION AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA 
IN 
FOREIGN 
MINING 
AND 
PROC-
ESSING INDUSTRIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter 
for 5 years, the Secretary, acting through the Director of 
the United States Geological Survey, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of State, and 
the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report that— 
(1) describes the involvement of the Govern-
ment of the People’s Republic of China, People’s Re-
public of China state-sponsored companies, and com-
panies incorporated in the People’s Republic of 
China and the involvement of the Government of the 
Russian Federation, state-sponsored companies of 
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the Russian Federation, and companies incorporated 
in the Russian Federation in the exploration, plan-
ning, development, operation, production, financing, 
or ownership of mining or processing facilities as 
identified in global investment trends by the World 
Mineral Outlook, and in countries identified in the 
United States Geological Survey’s Annual Mineral 
Commodity Summaries for which the United States 
imports minerals, metals, and materials; and 
(2) evaluates strategic or security concerns and 
implications for United States national security and 
economic interests and the interests of the countries 
identified pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to 
the People’s Republic of China’s involvement and in-
fluence in developing the country’s mining and proc-
essing industries. 
(b) PUBLICATION.—The report required under sub-
section (a) shall be published on the respective websites 
of the Department of State, the Department of Commerce, 
the Department of Homeland Security, and the United 
States Geological Survey. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
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(1) the Committee on Natural Resources, the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on 
Energy and Commerce, and the Committee on 
Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; 
and 
(2) the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Finance, and the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 503. REPORT ON MINERAL EXPLORATION AND DEVEL-
OPMENT IN AFGHANISTAN. 
Section 7002(d)(1) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 
U.S.C. 1606(d)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(C) describes the involvement of the Gov-
ernment of the People’s Republic of China, 
state sponsored enterprises of such Govern-
ment, and companies incorporated under the 
laws of such Government in the exploration, 
planning, development, operation, production, 
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or ownership of mining or processing facilities 
in Afghanistan with respect to such mineral.’’. 
SEC. 504. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CRITICAL MINERAL DES-
IGNATIONS. 
Section 7002(c)(5)(A) of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 
U.S.C. 1606(c)(5)(A)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in con-
sultation with the Secretaries of Defense, Com-
merce, Agriculture, and Energy and the United 
States Trade Representative, shall review the 
methodology and list under paragraph (3) and 
the designations under paragraph (4)— 
‘‘(i) at least every 3 years; 
‘‘(ii) with respect to a specific min-
eral, element, substance, or material, after 
any change in circumstances that has a 
substantial material effect on a factor de-
scribed in paragraph (4)(A) relating to 
such mineral, element, substance, or mate-
rial if such effect is likely to lead to a 
change in the listing status of such min-
eral, element, substance, or material under 
such paragraph; and 
‘‘(iii) more frequently as the Secretary 
considers to be appropriate.’’. 
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TITLE VI—CRITICAL ENERGY 
RESOURCES 
SEC. 601. WAIVER FOR NATIONAL SECURITY OR ENERGY 
SECURITY. 
(a) CLEAN AIR ACT REQUIREMENTS.—If the Admin-
istrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Energy, determines that 
processing or refining a critical energy resource at a crit-
ical energy resource facility is important to the national 
security or energy security of the United States, then the 
Administrator may waive application of any requirement, 
sanction, or fee under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 
et seq.) that the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Governor of the State in which the critical energy resource 
facility is located, determines appropriate with respect to 
the critical energy resource facility. 
(b) SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT.— 
(1) HAZARDOUS
WASTE
MANAGEMENT.—The 
Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) 
is amended by inserting after section 3024 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 3025. WAIVERS FOR CRITICAL ENERGY RESOURCE 
FACILITIES. 
‘‘(a) DETERMINATION.—If the Administrator, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Energy, determines that 
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processing or refining a critical energy resource at a crit-
ical energy resource facility is important to the national 
security or energy security of the United States, then the 
Administrator may, with respect to the critical energy re-
source facility, waive application of— 
‘‘(1) any standard established under section 
3002, 3003, or 3004; 
‘‘(2) the permit requirement under section 
3005; or 
‘‘(3) any other requirement of this title, as the 
Administrator determines appropriate. 
‘‘(b) CRITICAL ENERGY RESOURCE; CRITICAL EN-
ERGY RESOURCE FACILITY.—The terms ‘critical energy 
resource’ and ‘critical energy resource facility’ have the 
meanings given such terms in section 608 of the Securing 
America’s Mineral Supply Chains Act of 2022.’’. 
(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The Solid Waste 
Disposal Act is amended in the table of contents by 
inserting after the item relating to section 3024 the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 3025. Waivers for critical energy resource facilities.’’. 
SEC. 602. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE REVIEW. 
Section 5(a) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 
U.S.C. 2604(a)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(6) CRITICAL ENERGY RESOURCES.— 
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‘‘(A) STANDARD.—For purposes of a de-
termination under paragraph (3) with respect 
to a chemical substance that is a critical energy 
resource, the Administrator shall take into con-
sideration costs and other nonrisk factors, not-
withstanding any requirement of this section to 
not take such factors into consideration. 
‘‘(B) FAILURE
TO
RENDER
DETERMINA-
TION.—If, with respect to a chemical substance 
that is a critical energy resource, the Adminis-
trator fails to make a determination on a notice 
under paragraph (3) by the end of the applica-
ble review period and the notice has not been 
withdrawn by the submitter, the submitter may 
take the actions described in paragraph (1)(A) 
with respect to the chemical substance. 
‘‘(C) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this 
paragraph, the term ‘critical energy resource’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 608 
of the Securing America’s Mineral Supply 
Chains Act of 2022.’’. 
SEC. 603. INTERIM HAZARDOUS WASTE PERMITS. 
Section 3005(e)(1)(A) of the Solid Waste Disposal 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6925(e)(1)(A)) is amended— 
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end; 
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