IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. CON. RES. 257 
Expressing concern regarding arms transfers to Iran and Syria by the Russian 
Federation and entities in the Russian Federation and urging the Presi-
dent of the United States to implement sanctions against such entities 
found to be in violation of United States law prohibiting arms transfers 
to Iran and Syria. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 13, 2007 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN (for herself, Mr. ENGEL, Mr. PENCE, Mr. WEXLER, and 
Mr. GALLEGLY) submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was 
referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 
Expressing concern regarding arms transfers to Iran and 
Syria by the Russian Federation and entities in the 
Russian Federation and urging the President of the 
United States to implement sanctions against such enti-
ties found to be in violation of United States law prohib-
iting arms transfers to Iran and Syria. 
Whereas arms transfer agreements between the Russian Fed-
eration and Iran from 2002 through 2005 have been val-
ued in total at $1,700,000,000 and arms transfer agree-
ments between the Russian Federation and Syria over 
the 
same 
period 
have 
been 
estimated 
at 
over 
$800,000,000; 
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•HCON 257 IH 
Whereas the Russian state-owned arms selling agency, 
Rosoboronexport, has sold and delivered to Iran 30 anti- 
aircraft missile systems (known as the ‘‘Tor M1’’ mis-
sile), worth over $1,000,000,000; 
Whereas Russia has agreed to upgrade Iran’s MiG-29 fighter 
aircraft and Su-24 jets, the latter aircraft having the ca-
pability to carry nuclear weapons; 
Whereas reports indicate that Syria has test-fired a Russian- 
built ‘‘Scud D’’ short-range ballistic missile with a range 
of 440 miles; 
Whereas in January 2007, Valery Kashin, chief of the Engi-
neering Design Bureau (KBM), a leading defense enter-
prise in Russia, stated that Russia had met all of its 
commitments under a 2005 contract to supply Syria with 
Strelets antiaircraft missile systems; 
Whereas it has been reported that Russia plans to sell S–300 
missiles to Iran and Su-30 fighter jets to Syria via 
Belarus and that Russia is planning to provide Syria 
with Iskander missiles and MiG-29 fighter jets; 
Whereas reports indicate that Syria recently entered into an 
agreement with Russia worth $730,000,000 for over 50 
‘‘Pantsyr-S1E’’ self-propelled short-range gun and missile 
systems and that Syria has agreed to supply Iran with 
at least 10 of the purchased systems; 
Whereas in June 2007 it was reported that Rosoboronexport 
may start delivery of 5 MiG-31E fighter jets to Syria, 
under a deal estimated to be worth $1,000,000,000; 
Whereas according to a 2003 unclassified report of the Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency to Congress, ‘‘Russian entities 
during the reporting period continued to supply a variety 
of ballistic missile-related goods and technical know-how 
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•HCON 257 IH 
to countries such as Iran . . . . Iran’s earlier success in 
gaining technology and materials from Russian entities 
helped to accelerate Iranian development of the Shahab- 
3 MRBM, and continuing Russian entity assistance has 
supported Iranian efforts to develop new missiles and in-
crease Tehran’s self-sufficiency in missile production.’’; 
Whereas Iran and Syria are the most active state sponsors 
of terrorism in the world and reports indicate that they 
have provided the organizations known as Hezbollah and 
Hamas with weapons, as well as financing, training, and 
political support; 
Whereas Hezbollah and Hamas have been designated as for-
eign terrorist organizations by the United States Depart-
ment of State since 2001, and as specially designated 
global terrorist organizations since 2002, with Hezbollah 
and Hamas bearing responsibility for the murder of doz-
ens of United States citizens; 
Whereas reports indicate that, during the conflict between 
Israel and Lebanon in the summer of 2006, Iran and 
Syria provided Hezbollah with weapons that included 
Russian-built anti-tank rocket-propelled grenades and 
Russian-made missiles such as the Kornet AT–14 that 
were used by Hezbollah to attack Israel; 
Whereas military experts claim that Hezbollah extremists 
have accumulated 10,000 to 15,000 rockets, mostly So-
viet 122mm BM–21 artillery projectiles, known by the 
term ‘‘Katyusha’’; 
Whereas reports indicate that arms continue to be smuggled 
out of Syria to Hezbollah in Lebanon; and 
Whereas transfers of arms to Iran and Syria by the Russian 
Federation and Russian entities therefore pose a threat 
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•HCON 257 IH 
to peace and stability in the Middle East: Now, therefore, 
be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That Congress— 
(1) expresses strong concern over Russia’s con-
tinued arms sales to Iran and Syria, which are state- 
sponsors of terrorism; 
(2) urges the Government of Russia to imme-
diately cease the sale and transfer of arms to Iran 
and Syria; 
(3) urges the President of the United States to 
use the authority available to the President to imple-
ment sanctions on Russian entities engaged in arms 
sales to Iran or Syria under the Iran, North Korea, 
and Syria Nonproliferation Act, the Iran-Iraq Arms 
Non-Proliferation Act of 1992, and Executive Or-
ders 13094 and 13882; and 
(4) urges the Government of Russia to play a 
constructive role in establishing peace and security 
in the Middle East. 
Æ 
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