SEC. 5. ENHANCED ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY AGAINST 
CERTAIN INTERNET LENDING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Truth in Lending Act (15 
U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 
108 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 
108A. 
ENHANCED 
ENFORCEMENT 
AUTHORITY 
AGAINST CERTAIN INTERNET LENDING. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the following 
definitions shall apply: 
‘‘(1) COMPLAINANT.—The term ‘complainant’ 
means a State attorney general or State or tribal 
agency with enforcement authority over prohibited 
activity who files a complaint with the Bureau under 
subsection (d). 
‘‘(2) COVERED OFFSHORE PERSON.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘covered off-
shore person’ means a person (and if such per-
son is not known, the Internet site or other 
electronic representation of such person, such 
as a telephone number, text message service, or 
mobile application) that— 
‘‘(i) conducts business directed to resi-
dents of the United States; 
‘‘(ii) does not have a domain name 
that is registered or assigned by a domain 
name registrar, domain name registry, or 
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other domain name registration authority 
that is located within a judicial district of 
the United States; and 
‘‘(iii) is not operated by an entity that 
is located within a judicial district of the 
United States. 
‘‘(B) BUSINESS DIRECTED TO RESIDENTS 
OF
THE
UNITED
STATES.—For purposes of 
making a determination under subparagraph 
(A)(i), the Bureau may consider, among other 
indicators, whether— 
‘‘(i) the person extends, facilitates, 
brokers, arranges, or gathers applications 
for credit to persons located in the United 
States; 
‘‘(ii) the person has reasonable meas-
ures in place to prevent its services from 
being accessed from or delivered to the 
United States; and 
‘‘(iii) any prices for goods and services 
provided are indicated in the currency of 
the United States. 
‘‘(3) COVERED ONSHORE PERSON.—The term 
‘covered onshore person’ means a State government 
or an Indian tribe. 
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‘‘(4) COVERED
PERSON.—The term ‘covered 
person’ means a covered offshore person and covered 
onshore person. 
‘‘(5) FEDERAL CONSUMER FINANCIAL LAW.— 
The term ‘Federal consumer financial law’ has the 
same meaning as in section 1002 of the Consumer 
Financial Protection Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5481). 
‘‘(6) FINANCIAL TRANSACTION PROVIDER.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), the term ‘financial trans-
action provider’ has the same meaning as in 
section 5362(4) of title 31, United States Code. 
‘‘(B) EXCEPTION.—The term ‘financial 
transaction provider’ does not include an Inter-
net service platform or an affiliate of an Inter-
net service platform. 
‘‘(7) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘Indian tribe’ 
has the same meaning as in section 4 of the Indian 
Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
(25 U.S.C. 450b). 
‘‘(8) 
INTERNET
SERVICE
PLATFORM.—The 
term ‘Internet service platform’ means an interactive 
digital service the provider of which— 
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‘‘(A) does not act merely as a payment 
intermediary between a user and a supplier of 
goods or services; and 
‘‘(B) provides additional services to facili-
tate interaction between users unrelated to pur-
chases from suppliers of goods and services. 
‘‘(9) INTERNET SITE.—The term ‘Internet site’ 
means the collection of digital assets, including links, 
indexes, or pointers to digital assets, accessible 
through the Internet that are addressed relative to 
a common domain name. 
‘‘(10) OPERATOR.—The term ‘operator’, when 
used in connection with an Internet site, includes 
any person with authority to operate the Internet 
site. 
‘‘(11) OWNER.—The term ‘owner’, when used 
in connection with an Internet site, includes any 
owner of a majority interest in the Internet site. 
‘‘(12) STATE CONSUMER FINANCIAL LAW.—The 
term ‘State consumer financial law’ means a provi-
sion of State law that either constitutes a ‘State 
consumer financial law’ as that term is defined in 
section 5136C of title LXII of the Revised Statutes 
of the United States (12 U.S.C. 21 et seq.), or pro-
hibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices. 
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‘‘(b) APPLICABILITY OF SECTION.—It shall be a vio-
lation of this section for a covered person to violate a Fed-
eral, State, or tribal consumer financial law. 
‘‘(c) INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS BY BUREAU.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Bureau— 
‘‘(A) may investigate any alleged violation 
of subsection (b) on its own initiative; and 
‘‘(B) shall— 
‘‘(i) review any alleged violation of 
subsection (b) upon receiving a complaint 
filed under subsection (d); and 
‘‘(ii) adjudicate and otherwise inves-
tigate and respond to such complaint, as 
appropriate. 
‘‘(2) CONSULTATIONS.—In taking action under 
paragraph (1), the Bureau shall, as the Bureau de-
termines appropriate, consult with and seek advice 
and information from the Attorney General of the 
United States, the Federal Trade Commission, the 
International Trade Commission (in any case involv-
ing a covered offshore person), the Bureau of Indian 
Affairs (in the case of matters involving an Indian 
tribe), federally recognized Indian tribes (in the case 
of rulemakings involving Indian tribes), and such 
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other agencies and officials as the Bureau considers 
appropriate. 
‘‘(3) LIMITATION ON INVESTIGATIONS OF DO-
MAIN NAMES; CONSENT TO JURISDICTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graphs (B) and (C) and such limitations as the 
Bureau may, by rule, determine, the Bureau 
shall terminate, or not initiate, an investigation 
or adjudication under paragraph (1) with re-
spect to a covered person— 
‘‘(i) if the covered person provides to 
the public and to the Bureau— 
‘‘(I) the name of an individual 
authorized to receive process on behalf 
of the covered person; 
‘‘(II) an address at which process 
may be served; 
‘‘(III) a telephone number at 
which the individual described in 
clause (i) may be contacted; and 
‘‘(IV) a statement that the cov-
ered person consents to the jurisdic-
tion and venue of the United States 
district courts with respect to a viola-
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terms are defined in section 231 of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231)); or 
‘‘(B) the transmission, storage, retrieval, 
hosting, formatting, or translation (or any com-
bination thereof) of a communication, without 
selection or alteration of the content of the 
communication, except that deletion of a par-
ticular communication or material made by an-
other person in a manner consistent with sec-
tion 230(c) of the Communications Act of 1934 
(47 U.S.C. 230(c)). 
‘‘(d) COMPLAINTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A complaint alleging, under 
oath, that a covered person is in violation of sub-
section (b) may be filed with the Bureau. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE
WITH
RESPECT
TO
OFFSHORE 
PERSONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Upon filing a com-
plaint under paragraph (1), if the identity of 
the subject covered offshore person is not 
known, but the Internet site or other electronic 
representation is known, the complainant shall 
send a notice of the violation alleged in the 
complaint to the registrant of the domain name 
of the Internet site (or relevant operator of the 
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electronic representation) alleged to be operated 
or maintained in violation of subsection (b)— 
‘‘(i) at the postal and e-mail addresses 
appearing in the applicable publicly acces-
sible database of registrations, if any, to 
the extent such addresses are reasonably 
available; 
‘‘(ii) via the postal and e-mail ad-
dresses of the registrar, registry, or other 
domain name registration authority that 
registered or assigned the domain name 
(or relevant electronic representation), to 
the extent such addresses are reasonably 
available; and 
‘‘(iii) in any other such form as the 
Bureau finds necessary. 
‘‘(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For pur-
poses of this subsection, the actions described 
in this subparagraph shall constitute service of 
process. 
‘‘(3) IDENTIFICATION OF, AND NOTICE TO, EN-
TITIES THAT MAY BE REQUIRED TO TAKE ACTION 
PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION.— 
‘‘(A) IDENTIFICATION.—A complaint filed 
under paragraph (1) shall identify any financial 
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transaction provider that may be required to 
take measures described in subsection (g)(2) if 
the Bureau issues an order under subsection (f) 
with respect to the complaint and the order is 
served on the provider or service pursuant to 
subsection (g)(1). 
‘‘(B) NOTICE.—Upon filing a complaint 
under paragraph (1), the complainant shall pro-
vide notice to any financial transaction provider 
identified in the complaint pursuant to subpara-
graph (A) or any amendments to the complaint. 
‘‘(C) INTERVENTION.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—A financial trans-
action provider or identified in a complaint 
pursuant to subparagraph (A) may inter-
vene upon timely request filed with the Bu-
reau in— 
‘‘(I) an investigation initiated 
under subsection (c) pursuant to the 
complaint; or 
‘‘(II) 
pursuant 
to 
subsection 
(f)(3), an action to modify, suspend, 
or vacate an order issued pursuant to 
the complaint. 
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‘‘(ii) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Fail-
ure to intervene under clause (i) in an in-
vestigation under subsection (c) does not 
preclude a financial transaction provider 
notified of the investigation from subse-
quently seeking an order to modify, sus-
pend, or vacate an order issued by the Bu-
reau under subsection (f). 
‘‘(e) DETERMINATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Unless waived in writing by 
the covered person, the Bureau shall determine, with 
respect to each investigation initiated under sub-
section (c) and not otherwise terminated subject to 
the provisions of this section, whether the covered 
person under investigation is in violation of sub-
section (b). 
‘‘(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—A determination made 
under paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date on 
which the Bureau publishes the determination in the 
Federal Register. 
‘‘(3) ELECTRONIC
SUBMISSION
OF
INFORMA-
TION
AND
PROCEEDINGS.—The Bureau may, in 
making any determination under this section— 
‘‘(A) allow the submission of information 
electronically; and 
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‘‘(B) hold hearings electronically or obtain 
testimony or other information electronically or 
by such means as the Bureau determines allows 
participation in proceedings under this section 
at as low a cost as possible to participants in 
the proceedings. 
‘‘(f) CEASE AND DESIST ORDERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Bureau determines 
under subsection (e) that a covered person is in vio-
lation of subsection (b), in addition to any actions 
which the Bureau may otherwise take, the Bureau 
may— 
‘‘(A) issue an order to cease and desist 
from the violation of subsection (b) to the cov-
ered person (and if the identity of the subject 
covered offshore person is not known, to the 
relevant Internet site and to the owner and the 
operator of the Internet site or relevant elec-
tronic representation); and 
‘‘(B) cause the order to be served on the 
covered person. 
‘‘(2) TEMPORARY
AND
PRELIMINARY
CEASE 
AND DESIST ORDERS.— 
‘‘(A) 
PETITION
BY
COMPLAINANT.—A 
complainant may file with the Bureau a peti-
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tion, in accordance with this paragraph, for the 
issuance of a temporary or preliminary order. 
‘‘(B) OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Before issuing a 
temporary or preliminary cease and desist 
order under this paragraph, the Bureau 
shall provide to any person (including any 
applicable Internet site or electronic rep-
resentation and the owner and the oper-
ator of such Internet site or electronic rep-
resentation) alleged to be in violation of 
subsection (b) an opportunity to be heard 
and to submit relevant information to the 
Bureau. 
‘‘(ii) ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF IN-
FORMATION AND PROCEEDINGS.—The Bu-
reau may provide an opportunity to be 
heard and to submit information under 
clause (i) electronically or in such other 
manner as the Bureau determines appro-
priate. 
‘‘(C) ISSUANCE OF ORDER.—If, upon re-
ceiving a petition under subparagraph (A) and 
after providing an opportunity to be heard 
under subparagraph (B), the Bureau deter-
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mines that the covered person is in violation of 
subsection (b), in addition to any actions which 
the Director may otherwise take, the Bureau 
may issue a temporary or preliminary cease and 
desist order against, and cause the order to be 
served on the relevant person pursuant to para-
graph (1). 
‘‘(D) STANDARD FOR RELIEF.—If the Bu-
reau issues a temporary or preliminary cease 
and desist order under this paragraph, the 
order shall be issued in a manner consistent 
with the provisions of rule 65 of the Federal 
Rules of Civil Procedure, or any successor 
thereto, relating to preliminary injunctions and 
temporary restraining orders. 
‘‘(E) 
PROCEDURES
FOR
TEMPORARY 
CEASE AND DESIST ORDER.— 
‘‘(i) EXPEDITED
CONSIDERATION.— 
Upon a showing of extraordinary cir-
cumstances by the complainant filing a pe-
tition for a temporary cease and desist 
order under subparagraph (A), the Bureau 
may make a determination with respect to 
the petition on an expedited basis. 
‘‘(ii) EXPIRATION OF ORDER.— 
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‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Except as 
provided in subclause (II), a tem-
porary cease and desist order issued 
under this paragraph shall expire at a 
time determined by the Bureau that is 
not later than 14 days after the 
issuance of the order. 
‘‘(II) EXTENSION
OF
ORDER.— 
The Bureau may extend a temporary 
cease and desist order issued under 
this paragraph for additional periods 
of not more than 14 days for good 
cause or with the consent of the entity 
against which the order is issued. 
‘‘(F) 
PROCEDURES
FOR
PRELIMINARY 
CEASE AND DESIST ORDER.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Except as pro-
vided in clause (ii), the Bureau shall make 
a determination with respect to a petition 
for a preliminary cease and desist order 
not later than 30 days after the Bureau 
publishes notice of the initiation of an in-
vestigation under subsection (c) in the 
Federal Register. 
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‘‘(ii) EXTENSIONS OF TIME FOR DE-
TERMINATION.—The Bureau may extend 
the date by which the Bureau is required 
to make a determination under clause (i) 
with respect to a petition for a preliminary 
cease and desist order for an additional 30 
days, if the Bureau— 
‘‘(I) determines that the petition 
presents a more complicated case; and 
‘‘(II) publishes in the Federal 
Register an explanation of why the 
Bureau determined that the case is 
more complicated under subclause (I). 
‘‘(3) MODIFICATION
OR
REVOCATION
OF
OR-
DERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—At any time after the 
issuance of an order under this subsection, a 
motion to modify, suspend, or vacate the order 
may be filed by— 
‘‘(i) any covered person, bound by the 
order; 
‘‘(ii) the owner or operator of any 
Internet site or electronic representation 
subject to the order; 
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‘‘(iii) any domain name registrar or 
registry that has registered or assigned the 
domain name of the Internet site subject 
to the order; or 
‘‘(iv) a financial transaction provider 
on which a copy of an order has been 
served pursuant to paragraph (1) of sub-
section (g) requiring the provider or service 
to take action described in paragraph (2) 
of that subsection. 
‘‘(B) RELIEF.—The Bureau shall modify, 
suspend, or vacate an order, as appropriate, if 
the Bureau determines that— 
‘‘(i) the subject to the order is no 
longer, or never was in violation of sub-
section (b); or 
‘‘(ii) the interests of justice require 
that the order be modified, suspended, or 
vacated. 
‘‘(C) CONSIDERATION.—In making a de-
termination under subparagraph (B), the Bu-
reau may consider whether any domain name of 
an Internet site (or the relevant electronic rep-
resentation) subject to the order has expired or 
has been re-registered by a different entity. 
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‘‘(4) AMENDMENT OF ORDERS.—A complainant 
may petition the Bureau to amend an order issued 
under this subsection if any relevant Internet site or 
electronic representation determined under sub-
section (e) to be in violation of subparagraph (B) is 
accessible or has been reconstituted at a different 
domain name. 
‘‘(5) OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD FOR CERTAIN 
ENTITIES.—Before the Bureau issues an order 
under this subsection or modifies, suspends, vacates, 
or amends such an order under paragraph (3) or 
(4), a financial transaction provider that intervened 
pursuant to subsection (d)(3) in an investigation or 
action relating to the order shall have an oppor-
tunity to be heard before the Bureau with respect to 
whether the Bureau should issue the order and the 
scope of relief available under the order or whether 
the Bureau should modify, suspend, vacate, or 
amend the order, as the case may be. 
‘‘(6) EXPIRATION OF ORDERS WITH RESPECT 
TO
INTERNET
SITE.—An order issued under this 
subsection against an Internet site (or relevant elec-
tronic representation) shall cease to have any force 
or effect upon expiration of the registration of the 
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domain name of the Internet site (or relevant elec-
tronic representation). 
‘‘(g) REQUIRED ACTIONS BASED ON BUREAU OR-
DERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Bureau reasonably 
believes that a financial transaction provider identi-
fied in a complaint pursuant to subsection (d)(3), or 
any amendment to the complaint, supplies services 
to the covered person that is subject to the order 
issued under subsection (f) with respect to the com-
plaint— 
‘‘(A) the Bureau may give permission to 
the complainant to serve a copy of the order on 
the financial transaction provider; 
‘‘(B) if the Bureau gives permission to the 
complainant under subparagraph (A), the com-
plainant shall file proof of service with the Bu-
reau; and 
‘‘(C) upon receiving a copy of the order 
pursuant to subparagraph (A), the financial 
transaction provider shall implement the meas-
ures described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(2) MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY FI-
NANCIAL TRANSACTION PROVIDERS.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to subpara-
graph (B), a financial transaction provider 
shall, as expeditiously as is reasonable, take 
reasonable and technically feasible measures, as 
expeditiously as reasonable, designed to prevent 
or prohibit the completion of payment trans-
actions by the provider that involve customers 
located in the United States and the covered 
person (including the relevant Internet site or 
electronic representation) subject to the order 
issued under subsection (f). 
‘‘(B) LIMITATIONS ON MEASURES.—A fi-
nancial transaction provider may not be re-
quired pursuant to subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) to implement measures that are 
not commercially reasonable; 
‘‘(ii) to modify services or facilities of 
the provider to comply with the order 
issued under subsection (f); or 
‘‘(iii) to prevent or prohibit the com-
pletion of a payment transaction if the pro-
vider could not reasonably determine in ad-
vance whether the entity was using the 
Internet site subject to the order. 
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‘‘(3) COMMUNICATION WITH USERS.—A finan-
cial transaction provider required to implement 
measures described in paragraph (2) shall determine 
how to communicate with the users or customers of 
the provider or service, as the case may be, with re-
spect to those measures. 
‘‘(4) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
‘‘(A) LIMITATION ON OBLIGATIONS.—A fi-
nancial transaction provider required to imple-
ment measures described in paragraph (2) shall 
not be required to take measures or actions in 
addition to the measures described in para-
graph (2) pursuant to this section or an order 
issued under this section. 
‘‘(B) MANNER OF COMPLIANCE.—A finan-
cial transaction provider required to implement 
measures described in paragraph (2) shall be in 
compliance with this subsection if the provider 
implements the measures described in that 
paragraph with respect to accounts of the pro-
vider, as of the date on which a copy of an 
order is served under paragraph (1) or, if appli-
cable, the date on which the order is modified 
or amended under paragraph (3) or (4) of sub-
section (f). 
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‘‘(5) ACTIONS PURSUANT TO BUREAU ORDER.— 
‘‘(A) IMMUNITY FROM CIVIL ACTIONS.—No 
cause of action shall lie in any court against a 
financial transaction provider on which a copy 
of an order is served under paragraph (1), or 
against any director, officer, employee, or agent 
thereof, other than in an action pursuant to 
subsection (h), for— 
‘‘(i) any act reasonably designed to 
comply with this subsection or reasonably 
arising from the order; or 
‘‘(ii) any act, failure, or inability to 
meet the obligations under this subsection 
of the provider or service if the provider or 
service, as the case may be, makes a good 
faith effort to comply with such obliga-
tions. 
‘‘(B) IMMUNITY
FROM
LIABILITY.—A fi-
nancial transaction provider on which a copy of 
an order is served under paragraph (1), and 
any director, officer, employee, or agent thereof, 
shall not be liable to any person for any acts 
reasonably designed to comply with this sub-
section or reasonably arising from the order, 
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other than in an action pursuant to subsection 
(h). 
‘‘(C) IMMUNITY FROM ACTIONS OF THIRD 
PARTIES.—An action taken by a third party to 
circumvent any measures implemented pursuant 
to an order served on a financial transaction 
provider under paragraph (1) may not be used 
by any person in any claim or cause of action 
against the provider or service, as the case may 
be, other than in an action pursuant to sub-
section (h). 
‘‘(h) ENFORCEMENT OF ORDERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to compel compli-
ance with this section, the Bureau and any State At-
torney General (or other appropriate State or tribal 
entity) having enforcement authority over prohibited 
activity may bring an action for injunctive relief 
against any person subject to an order issued under 
subsection (f) or on which such an order is served 
under subsection (g) that fails to comply with the 
order. 
‘‘(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The authority 
granted to the Bureau, State, and tribal authorities 
under paragraph (1) shall be the sole legal remedy 
for enforcing the obligations under subsection (g) of 
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a financial transaction provider on which an order is 
served under paragraph (1) of that subsection. 
‘‘(3) AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES.—A defendant in 
an action commenced under paragraph (1) may es-
tablish an affirmative defense by showing that the 
defendant does not have the technical means to com-
ply with this section without incurring an unreason-
able economic burden or that the order is incon-
sistent with this section. That showing shall serve as 
a defense only to the extent of the inability of the 
defendant to comply or to the extent of the incon-
sistency. 
‘‘(i) SANCTIONS FOR ABUSE OF PROCESS AND DIS-
COVERY.—The Bureau may, by rule, prescribe sanctions 
for abuse of process in a manner consistent with the provi-
sions of rule 11 and rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil 
Procedure. 
‘‘(j) IMMUNITY FOR ENFORCEMENT OF ORDERS.— 
No cause of action shall lie in any court, no person may 
rely on any claim or cause of action, and no liability for 
damages to any person shall be granted, against a finan-
cial transaction provider for taking any action pursuant 
to subsection (g)(2). 
‘‘(k) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this section, in-
cluding subsection (c), may be construed to limit the au-
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thority or jurisdiction of the Bureau, any other Federal 
agency, or any State or tribe to review, regulate, inves-
tigate, enforce against, or otherwise restrict activities cov-
ered by this section.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents in chapter 1 of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 
1601 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to section 108 the following new item: 
‘‘108A. Enhanced enforcement authority against certain Internet lending.’’. 
SEC. 6. STUDIES. 
Not later than 180 days after enactment of this sec-
tion, the Government Accountability Office (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘GAO’’) shall conduct a study regarding 
the availability of capital on reservations of Indian tribes 
(as such term is defined in section 4 of the Indian Self- 
Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
450b)) and the impact that small-dollar consumer credit 
extended through Internet and non-Internet means to 
members of Indian tribes has had on economic opportunity 
and wealth for members of Indian tribes. In conducting 
the study, the GAO shall consult, as appropriate, with the 
Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, the Board of 
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Bureau of 
Indian Affairs, federally recognized Indian tribes, and 
community development financial institutions operating in 
Indian lands. The report shall be presented to the Com-
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mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the 
Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Financial Services and the Committee on Nat-
ural Resources of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 7. RULEMAKING. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection 
shall adopt any final rules necessary to implement the pro-
visions of this Act and the amendments made by this Act. 
Æ 
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