IB 
Union Calendar No. 853 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5503 
[Report No. 115–1102] 
To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration for fiscal years 2018 and 2019, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 13, 2018 
Mr. BABIN (for himself, Mr. SMITH of Texas, Mr. BROOKS of Alabama, Mr. 
ROHRABACHER, Mr. KNIGHT, Mr. HIGGINS of Louisiana, and Mr. NOR-
MAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology 
DECEMBER 21, 2018 
Additional sponsors: Mr. LUCAS, Mr. POSEY, Mrs. COMSTOCK, Mr. ABRAHAM, 
Mr. BANKS of Indiana, Mr. BIGGS, Mr. DUNN, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. 
HULTGREN, Mr. MARSHALL, Mr. WEBSTER
of Florida, and Mr. 
LOUDERMILK 
DECEMBER 21, 2018 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on April 13, 2018] 
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A BILL 
To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration for fiscal years 2018 and 2019, 
and for other purposes. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza-
tion Act of 2018’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is the following: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS 
Sec. 101. Fiscal year 2018. 
Sec. 102. Fiscal year 2019. 
TITLE II—HUMAN EXPLORATION 
Sec. 201. Space facilities beyond low-Earth orbit. 
Sec. 202. ISS transition. 
Sec. 203. Human spaceflight research. 
Sec. 204. Critical path redundancy for human spaceflight. 
Sec. 205. Space suits. 
Sec. 206. Mobile launch platform and interim cryogenic propulsion stage. 
Sec. 207. Mars 2033. 
TITLE III—SCIENCE 
Subtitle A—Earth Science 
Sec. 301. Reimbursable basis for development of sensors and instruments. 
Sec. 302. Earth observations study. 
Sec. 303. Land imaging. 
Sec. 304. Landsat data policy. 
Sec. 305. Earth science missions. 
Sec. 306. Goddard Institute for Space Studies Inspector General report. 
Subtitle B—Astronomy and Astrophysics 
Sec. 311. Search for the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life in the 
universe. 
Sec. 312. Wide-Field Infrared Space Telescope. 
Subtitle C—Planetary Science 
Sec. 321. Near-Earth Object Survey. 
Sec. 322. Space nuclear power. 
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TITLE IV—AERONAUTICS 
Sec. 401. Supersonic research. 
Sec. 402. Unmanned aircraft systems research. 
Sec. 403. 21st Century Aeronautics Research Capabilities Initiative. 
Sec. 404. Experimental plane program. 
Sec. 405. Hypersonic Technology project. 
Sec. 406. Report. 
TITLE V—COMMERCIAL 
Sec. 501. Commercial supply of space products. 
Sec. 502. Space services and in-space infrastructure. 
Sec. 503. Preference for launch vehicles manufactured in the United States. 
Sec. 504. Studies on industrial base. 
Sec. 505. Enhanced-use leasing. 
Sec. 506. Satellite servicing. 
TITLE VI—POLICY 
Sec. 601. NASA-funded institutes. 
Sec. 602. Baseline and cost controls. 
Sec. 603. Reports to Congress. 
Sec. 604. International technical and operational standards. 
Sec. 605. NASA contractor responsibility watch list. 
Sec. 606. Human space exploration risk. 
Sec. 607. NASA launch support and infrastructure modernization program. 
Sec. 608. Reaffirmations on orbital debris. 
Sec. 609. Federal-State partnerships. 
Sec. 610. Security management of foreign national access. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) 
ADMINISTRATOR.—The 
term 
‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of NASA. 
(2) CIS-LUNAR
SPACE.—The term ‘‘cis-lunar 
space’’ means the region of space from the Earth out 
to and including the region around the surface of the 
Moon. 
(3) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter-
national Space Station. 
(4) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
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(5) NEAR-EARTH
OBJECT.—The term ‘‘near- 
Earth object’’ means an asteroid or comet with a per-
ihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units 
from the Sun. 
(6) NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘non-
profit organization’’ means an organization deter-
mined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an orga-
nization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) which is 
exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such 
Code. 
(7) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the multi-
purpose crew vehicle described under section 303 of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 
(8) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘Space 
Launch System’’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 3 of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 
18302). 
TITLE I—AUTHORIZATION OF 
APPROPRIATIONS 
SEC. 101. FISCAL YEAR 2018. 
There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for 
fiscal year 2018, $20,736,140,000, as follows: 
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(1) For Science, $6,221,500,000, of which— 
(A) $1,921,000,000 is for Earth Science; 
(B) $2,227,900,000 is for Planetary Science; 
(C) $850,400,000 is for Astrophysics; 
(D) $533,700,000 is for the James Webb 
Space Telescope; and 
(E) $688,500,000 is for Heliophysics. 
(2) For Aeronautics, $685,000,000. 
(3) For Space Technology, $760,000,000. 
(4) For Exploration, $4,790,000,000, of which— 
(A) $1,350,000,000 is for Orion and associ-
ated program and other necessary support; 
(B) $2,150,000,000 is for the Space Launch 
System and associated program and other nec-
essary support; 
(C) $895,000,000 is for Exploration Ground 
Systems, including $350,000,000 for a second 
mobile launch platform and associated Space 
Launch System activities; and 
(D) $395,000,000 is for Exploration Re-
search and Development. 
(5) For Space Operations, $4,751,500,000. 
(6) For Education, $100,000,000, of which— 
(A) $18,000,000 is for the Established Pro-
gram to Stimulate Competitive Research; and 
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(B) $40,000,000 is for the National Space 
Grant College and Fellowship Program. 
(7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, 
$2,826,900,000. 
(8) For Construction and Environmental Com-
pliance and Restoration, $562,240,000. 
(9) For Inspector General, $39,000,000. 
SEC. 102. FISCAL YEAR 2019. 
There are authorized to be appropriated to NASA for 
fiscal year 2019, $21,207,140,000, as follows: 
(1) For Deep Space Exploration Systems, 
$4,929,000,000, of which— 
(A) $4,040,000,000 is for Exploration Sys-
tems Development, of which— 
(i) $1,350,000,000 is for Orion and as-
sociated program and other necessary sup-
port; 
(ii) $2,150,000,000 is for the Space 
Launch System and associated program 
and other necessary support; and 
(iii) $540,000,000 is for Exploration 
Ground Systems; and 
(B) $889,000,000 is for Advanced Explo-
ration Systems, of which— 
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(i) $504,300,000 is for the Lunar Or-
bital Platform–Gateway and associated pro-
gram and other necessary support; 
(ii) $116,500,000 is for Advanced 
Cislunar and Surface Capabilities; and 
(iii) $268,200,000 is for Exploration 
Advanced Systems. 
(2) For Exploration and Research Technology, 
$1,017,700,000, of which— 
(A) $108,500,000 is for Early Stage Inno-
vation and Partnerships; 
(B) $216,500,000 if for Technology Matura-
tion, of which $75,000,000 is for nuclear fission 
and cryogenic fluid management development; 
(C) $332,700,000 is for Technology Dem-
onstration. 
(D) $140,000,000 is for Human Research 
Program; and 
(E) $205,000,000 is for Small Business In-
novation Research and Small Business Tech-
nology Transfer. 
(3) For Low-Earth Orbit and Spaceflight Oper-
ations, $4,624,600,000, of which— 
(A) $1,462,200,000 is for the International 
Space Station; 
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TITLE II—HUMAN EXPLORATION 
SEC. 201. SPACE FACILITIES BEYOND LOW-EARTH ORBIT. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that space facilities for use beyond low-Earth orbit play a 
significant role in NASA’s long-term pursuit of its explo-
ration goals under section 202(a) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312(a)). 
(b) CREWED AND CREW-TENDED SPACE FACILITIES 
REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor-
tation of the Senate a report on the potential develop-
ment of space facilities for use beyond low-Earth 
orbit. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The report required under 
paragraph (1) shall include a description of— 
(A) how each such space facility can ad-
vance, enable, or complement human exploration 
of the Solar System, including of the atmosphere 
and the surface of celestial bodies; 
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(B) the role of the space facility as a stag-
ing, logistics, and operations hub in exploration 
architecture; 
(C) how the space facility can support the 
research, development, testing, validation, oper-
ation, and launch of space exploration systems 
and technologies; 
(D) opportunities and strategies for com-
mercial operation or public-private partnerships 
that protect taxpayer interests and foster com-
petition; and 
(E) the role of such a space facility in mak-
ing, developing, and refining the case for further 
crewed and uncrewed exploration investments. 
SEC. 202. ISS TRANSITION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The ISS is a valuable national asset that can 
continue to produce worthwhile scientific research and 
technology. 
(2) The ISS mission should be to carry out 
microgravity research and development, research in 
support of deep space human exploration, and low- 
Earth orbit commercialization. 
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(3) In addition to the priorities under para-
graph (2), the United States has a larger and broader 
need and use for further microgravity research. 
(4) The ISS is the best platform currently avail-
able to conduct certain types of research needed for 
NASA’s deep space human exploration program with 
such research currently scheduled to be completed by 
the end of fiscal year 2024. 
(5) The ISS transition report, submitted pursu-
ant to section 50111(c)(2) of title 51, United States 
Code, provides an explanation of NASA’s plans to fos-
ter the development of private industry capabilities 
and private demand with a goal of ending direct 
NASA support for ISS operations by the end of fiscal 
year 2024. 
(6) The plans laid out in the ISS transition re-
port are conditionally flexible and require feedback to 
inform next steps. In addition, the feasibility of end-
ing direct NASA support for ISS operations by the 
end of fiscal year 2024 is dependent on many factors, 
some of which are indeterminate until the Adminis-
tration carries out the initial phases of the ISS tran-
sition plan. 
(7) The value of any in-space facility, such as 
the ISS, depends both on its contributions to further 
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expansion of human presence throughout the solar 
system, pursuant to section 202 of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18312) and to making existing 
presence self-sustaining. 
(8) As the United States moves towards a com-
mitment to a human presence off the surface of the 
Earth, other Government agencies should seek to ben-
efit from and capitalize upon the ongoing human 
presence in space. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—The Administration shall support 
the Johnson Space Center as a center of innovation and 
leadership in developing human operations, including on 
surfaces of celestial bodies, beyond Earth, to the cis-lunar 
region, the Moon, Mars, and beyond. 
(c) ISS OPERATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—NASA shall continue oper-
ation of the ISS for such time as Congress authorizes 
its operations. 
(2) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS.—NASA shall 
pursue international agreements to provide maximum 
flexibility for ISS utilization. 
(3) LOW-EARTH ORBIT.—NASA shall pursue a 
step-wise transition of low-Earth orbit human 
spaceflight operations from a Government-directed ac-
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tivity to a model where private industry is respon-
sible for how to meet and execute NASA’s require-
ments. 
(4) TRANSITION REPORT.—NASA shall carry out 
activities in fiscal year 2019 as proposed in the ISS 
transition report, delivered pursuant to section 
50111(c) of title 51, United States Code. 
(d) REPORTING.—In addition to the biennial report-
ing requirement under section 50111(c) of title 51, United 
States Code, the Administrator shall brief the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate quarterly, beginning on the 
date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
on the status of, and all progress, changes, and other devel-
opments related to carrying out the plans in the ISS transi-
tion report. 
(e) AUTHORIZED FUNDING.—Subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, the Administrator shall make 
available at least $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 for com-
mercial low-Earth orbit development out of the Low Earth 
Orbit and Spaceflight Operations account. 
SEC. 203. HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT RESEARCH. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
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(1) in line with the National Space Council Pol-
icy Directive 1, as implemented by the President’s 
memo of December 11, 2017, the United States should 
lead the return of humans to the Moon for long-term 
exploration and utilization, followed by human mis-
sions to Mars and other destinations; 
(2) the benefits derived from the peaceful use of 
space depend on the extent to which ground-based 
space infrastructure, facilities, and research are well- 
integrated; and 
(3) NASA Johnson Space Center has the exper-
tise and facilities to support the development of the 
major technological innovations necessary to enable 
and support the nation’s ongoing commitment to 
human spaceflight, exploration, and continued human 
presence in space. 
(b) JOHNSON SPACE CENTER RESEARCH OFFICE.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 
establish a research office at Johnson Space Center to 
build upon the Center’s existing expertise in human 
space flight missions for future challenges. 
(2) RESEARCH DIRECTOR.—The head of the re-
search office shall be the research director, who shall 
report directly to the Director of Johnson Space Cen-
ter. 
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(3) DUTIES.—The research director shall have, 
at a minimum, the following duties: 
(A) Oversee a research portfolio focused on 
human space flight. 
(B) Recommend infrastructure and equip-
ment necessary to carry out a research mission. 
(C) Oversee professional development and 
continuing education, as necessary and appro-
priate, for the civil workforce as the research and 
innovation focus of the center increases. 
(4) SCOPE OF RESEARCH.—The research office 
shall focus on aspects of research that are directly rel-
evant to the endeavor of human space flight, includ-
ing problems of human spaceflight and robotics sup-
porting human space exploration. 
(5) SUPPORT FOR HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT ACTIVI-
TIES.—Johnson Space Center shall, consistent with 
its primary responsibilities to NASA and other gov-
ernment customers, endeavor to make the fullest pos-
sible use of its facilities and infrastructure to support 
all U.S. human spaceflight activities, including those 
of the private sector. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the enact-
ment of this Act, NASA and Johnson Space Center shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
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of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report 
on NASA’s progress on, and other developments related to, 
carrying out the requirements of this section. 
(d) AUTHORIZED FUNDING.—Subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations, the Administrator shall make 
available at least $15,000,000 in fiscal year 2019 out of 
the Exploration Research and Technology account to carry 
out this section. 
SEC. 204. CRITICAL PATH REDUNDANCY FOR HUMAN 
SPACEFLIGHT. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that NASA, in coopera-
tion with private sector and international partners, has fa-
cilitated the development of a wide array of cargo and crew 
transportation options for operations in low-Earth orbit 
and beyond. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that the availability of a multitude of launch vehicles and 
crew and cargo vehicles provides critical path redundancy. 
(c) GAO REPORT ON METRICS FOR LOGISTICAL AND 
TRANSPORT REDUNDANCY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General of the United States shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
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House of Representatives and the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a 
report that contains an evaluation of appropriate 
technical benchmarks and metrics on the suitability 
and performance, including cost, reliability, and 
availability of— 
(A) all available crew and cargo vehicles for 
destinations in low-Earth orbit, cis-lunar space, 
and beyond; and 
(B) all available launch vehicles that are 
capable of deploying more than 20 tons to low- 
Earth orbit and beyond, to support exploration 
and scientific missions, particularly to outer 
planets. 
(2) INCLUSION IN NASA ANALYSIS.—The Admin-
istrator shall consider the Comptroller General’s re-
port findings on benchmarks and metrics as part of 
NASA’s analysis of logistical and transport redun-
dancy. 
SEC. 205. SPACE SUITS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Space suits and associated extravehicular ac-
tivity (in this section, referred to as ‘‘EVA’’) tech-
nologies are critical space exploration technologies. 
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(2) The NASA civil service workforce at the 
Johnson Space Center possesses unique capabilities to 
integrate, design, and validate space suits and associ-
ated EVA technologies. 
(3) Maintaining a strong core competency in the 
design, development, manufacture, and operation of 
space suits and related technologies allows NASA to 
be an informed purchaser of competitively awarded 
commercial space suits and associated EVA tech-
nologies. 
(4) NASA should fully utilize the International 
Space Station by 2025 to test future space suits and 
associated EVA technologies to reduce risk and im-
prove safety. 
(b) SPACE SUITS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—NASA shall develop space 
suits and associated EVA technologies. 
(2) MANAGEMENT.—The Johnson Space Center 
shall manage the space suit and EVA programs of 
NASA. 
(3) PRIVATE SECTOR.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Administrator may enter into agreements 
with the private sector as the Administrator considers 
appropriate. 
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SEC. 206. MOBILE LAUNCH PLATFORM AND INTERIM CRYO-
GENIC PROPULSION STAGE. 
Consistent with NASA’s appropriation for fiscal year 
2018, the Administrator shall pursue the following: 
(1) The expeditious development of a new-build, 
second Mobile Launch Platform specifically designed 
to support the launch of Space Launch System con-
figurations that use the Exploration Upper Stage. 
(2) The procurement of a second Interim Cryo-
genic Propulsion Stage. 
SEC. 207. MARS 2033. 
(a) FINDING.—Congress finds that human exploration 
of Mars is an important objective in NASA’s human explo-
ration agenda. 
(b) 
PRIORITIZATION.—The 
Administrator 
shall 
prioritize timelines for fulfillment of the engineering, 
science, and safety requirements to reduce mission risk and 
ensure mission completion when evaluating human explo-
ration of Mars by 2033, if not sooner. 
TITLE III—SCIENCE 
Subtitle A—Earth Science 
SEC. 301. REIMBURSABLE BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF 
SENSORS AND INSTRUMENTS. 
Chapter 605 of title 51, United States Code, is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
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