(vi) a highway rest stop. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of the Treasury. 
SEC. 3. AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY CREDITS OBTAINED BY 
REASON OF VIOLATION OF LAW. 
(a) DENIAL OF CREDITS.—Section 32903 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(i) DENIAL OF CREDITS OBTAINED BY REASON OF 
VIOLATION OF LAW.—If the Secretary determines that a 
manufacturer has obtained credits under this section by 
reason of a practice that violates this title or title II of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq.), such credits 
shall not be available to the manufacturer.’’. 
(b) ADDITIONAL CIVIL PENALTY.—Section 32912 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(1)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘of 
this section’’ and inserting ‘‘or for each credit 
to be used in calculating a civil penalty under 
subsection (f)’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ‘‘or 
each credit, as the case may be’’ before the pe-
riod at the end; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(f) CIVIL PENALTY WITH RESPECT TO AVERAGE 
FUEL ECONOMY CREDITS OBTAINED BY REASON OF VIO-
LATION OF LAW.—In addition to any other penalty under 
this title and except as provided under subsection (c), a 
manufacturer that obtains credits under section 32903 by 
reason of a practice that violates this title or title II of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq.) is liable to 
the Government for a civil penalty in an amount equal 
to $5 multiplied by the number of such credits.’’. 
SEC. 4. AIR QUALITY RESTORATION TRUST FUND. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known 
as the ‘‘Air Quality Restoration Trust Fund’’ (referred to 
in this section as the ‘‘Trust Fund’’), consisting of— 
(1) such amounts as are deposited in the Trust 
Fund under subsection (b); and 
(2) any interest on, and proceeds from, any in-
vestment made under subsection (d). 
(b) TRANSFERS.—The Secretary shall deposit in the 
Trust Fund an amount equal to all administrative and 
civil penalties or other payments paid to the Federal Gov-
ernment after the date of enactment of this Act in connec-
tion with any violation or alleged violation of title II of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521 et seq.). 
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(c) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts in the Trust Fund 
shall— 
(1) be available for expenditure to the extent 
and in the amounts provided in advance by appro-
priation Acts solely for making expenditures under 
subsection (f); and 
(2) remain available until expended, without fis-
cal year limitation. 
(d) INVESTMENT.—Amounts in the Trust Fund shall 
be invested in accordance with section 9702 of title 31, 
United States Code. 
(e) ADMINISTRATION.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, after providing notice 
and an opportunity for public comment, the Secretary, in 
consultation with the Administrator and the heads of any 
other relevant Federal agency, shall establish such proce-
dures as the Secretary determines to be necessary to de-
posit amounts in, and expend amounts from, the Trust 
Fund pursuant to this section, including— 
(1) procedures to assess whether a project car-
ried out under subsection (f) achieves compliance 
with applicable requirements, including procedures 
by which the Secretary may determine whether an 
expenditure pursuant to the project achieves compli-
ance; 
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(2) auditing requirements to ensure that 
amounts in the Trust Fund are expended as in-
tended; and 
(3) procedures for identification and allocation 
of funds available to the Secretary under other pro-
visions of law that may be necessary to pay the ad-
ministrative expenses directly attributable to the 
management of the Trust Fund. 
(f) USE OF FUNDS.—Amounts from the Trust Fund 
shall be available solely for making grants to eligible appli-
cants to support projects that— 
(1) increase qualified electric drive vehicle infra-
structure; 
(2) retrofit school buses or heavy-duty fleets to 
reduce air emissions significantly; 
(3) purchase hybrid or zero emissions school 
buses or heavy-duty vehicles; 
(4) purchase electric drive vehicles for munic-
ipal fleets; 
(5) provide public health grants to help track, 
treat, and reduce the number of air emissions-re-
lated illnesses, such as asthma, cardiovascular dis-
ease, and lung cancer; or 
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(6) provide grants for projects to improve air 
quality in low-income communities. 
Æ 
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