I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3816 
To improve the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s weather 
research, support improvements in weather forecasting and prediction, 
expand commercial opportunities for the provision of weather data, and 
for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 6, 2025 
Mr. LUCAS (for himself, Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. SCOTT FRANKLIN of Florida, Ms. 
BONAMICI, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Ms. STEVENS, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, 
Ms. ROSS, Mrs. BICE, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, Mr. FLEISCHMANN, Mr. 
FROST, Ms. TENNEY, Mr. FEENSTRA, Mr. CRAWFORD, and Mr. FLOOD) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on 
Natural Resources, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a pe-
riod to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for con-
sideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To improve the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration’s weather research, support improvements in 
weather forecasting and prediction, expand commercial 
opportunities for the provision of weather data, and for 
other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthor-
ization Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘Weather Act Reauthorization 
Act of 2025’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Definitions. 
TITLE I—REAUTHORIZATION OF THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND 
FORECASTING INNOVATION ACT OF 2017 
Sec. 101. Public safety priority. 
Sec. 102. United States weather research and forecasting. 
Sec. 103. Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment– 
United States of America (VORTEX–USA). 
Sec. 104. Hurricane forecast improvement program. 
Sec. 105. Tsunami Warning and Education Act reauthorization. 
Sec. 106. Observing system planning. 
Sec. 107. Observing system simulation experiments. 
Sec. 108. Computing resources prioritization. 
Sec. 109. Earth Prediction Innovation Center. 
Sec. 110. Satellite architecture planning. 
Sec. 111. Improving uncrewed activities. 
Sec. 112. Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services. 
Sec. 113. Ocean observations. 
Sec. 114. Consolidation of reports. 
Sec. 115. Precipitation forecast improvement program. 
TITLE II—ENHANCING FEDERAL WEATHER FORECASTING AND 
INNOVATION 
Sec. 201. Weather innovation for the next generation. 
Sec. 202. Radar Next Program. 
Sec. 203. Data voids in highly vulnerable areas of the United States. 
Sec. 204. Atmospheric rivers forecast improvement program. 
Sec. 205. Coastal flooding and storm surge forecast improvement program. 
Sec. 206. Aviation weather and data innovation. 
Sec. 207. NESDIS partnership program, transition program, and operational 
planning. 
Sec. 208. Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System. 
Sec. 209. Reanalysis and reforecasting. 
Sec. 210. National Weather Service workforce. 
Sec. 211. Artificial intelligence for weather forecasting. 
Sec. 212. Composition of the atmosphere and atmospheric observations. 
Sec. 213. Project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog. 
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TITLE III—COMMERCIAL WEATHER AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
OBSERVATIONS 
Sec. 301. Commercial Data Program. 
Sec. 302. Commercial Data Pilot Program. 
Sec. 303. Contracting authority and avoidance of duplication. 
Sec. 304. Data assimilation, management, and sharing practices. 
Sec. 305. Clerical amendment. 
TITLE IV—COMMUNICATING WEATHER TO THE PUBLIC 
Sec. 401. Definitions. 
Sec. 402. Hazardous weather or water event risk communication. 
Sec. 403. Hazard communication research and engagement. 
Sec. 404. National Weather Service communications improvement. 
Sec. 405. NOAA Weather Radio modernization. 
Sec. 406. Post-storm surveys and assessments. 
Sec. 407. Government Accountability Office report on alert dissemination for 
hazardous weather or water events. 
Sec. 408. Data collection management and protection. 
TITLE V—IMPROVING WEATHER INFORMATION FOR 
AGRICULTURE AND WATER MANAGEMENT 
Sec. 501. Weather and climate information in agriculture and water manage-
ment. 
Sec. 502. National integrated drought information system. 
Sec. 503. National Mesonet Program. 
Sec. 504. National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network. 
Sec. 505. National Water Center. 
Sec. 506. Satellite transfers briefing. 
TITLE VI—HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM AND HYPOXIA RESEARCH 
AND CONTROL 
Sec. 601. Short title. 
Sec. 602. Amendments to the Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research 
and Control Act of 1998. 
Sec. 603. Other harmful algal bloom matters. 
TITLE VII—PREVENTING HEALTH EMERGENCIES AND 
TEMPERATURE-RELATED ILLNESS AND DEATHS 
Sec. 701. Short title. 
Sec. 702. Definitions. 
Sec. 703. National Integrated Heat Health Information System Interagency 
Committee. 
Sec. 704. National Integrated Heat Health Information System. 
Sec. 705. Authorization of appropriations. 
TITLE VIII—NATIONAL LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS ACT 
REAUTHORIZATION 
Sec. 801. Short title. 
Sec. 802. Certain definitions under Flood Level Observation, Operations, and 
Decision Support Act. 
Sec. 803. Reauthorization of National Landslide Preparedness Act. 
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TITLE IX—OTHER AUTHORITIES 
Sec. 901. Meteorological observations in the Arctic region. 
Sec. 902. Unfunded priorities list, reports, and plans. 
Sec. 903. Miscellaneous authorities. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act, the terms ‘‘seasonal’’, 
‘‘State’’, ‘‘subseasonal’’, ‘‘Under Secretary’’, ‘‘weather en-
terprise’’, ‘‘weather data’’, and ‘‘weather industry’’ have 
the meanings given such terms in section 2 of the Weather 
Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 
U.S.C. 8501). 
(b) WEATHER DATA DEFINED.—Section 2 of the 
Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 
2017 (15 U.S.C. 8501) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (5) as para-
graph (6); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) WEATHER
DATA.—The term ‘weather 
data’ means information used to track and predict 
weather conditions and patterns, including forecasts, 
observations, and derivative products from such in-
formation.’’. 
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TITLE I—REAUTHORIZATION OF 
THE 
WEATHER 
RESEARCH 
AND FORECASTING INNOVA-
TION ACT OF 2017 
SEC. 101. PUBLIC SAFETY PRIORITY. 
Section 101 of the Weather Research and Fore-
casting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8511) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 101. PUBLIC SAFETY PRIORITY. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration focuses on providing accurate 
and timely weather forecasts that protect lives and 
property and enhance the national economy; 
‘‘(2) through the Director of the National 
Weather Service, coordinate and implement observa-
tional infrastructure, weather forecasting, commu-
nications, and impact-based decision support serv-
ices; and 
‘‘(3) work to improve operation weather fore-
casts, products, and services through nimble, flexi-
ble, and mobile methods. 
‘‘(b) RESEARCH.—In conducting research, the Under 
Secretary shall prioritize improving weather data, mod-
eling, computing, forecasting, and warnings for the protec-
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tion of life and property and for the enhancement of the 
national economy.’’. 
SEC. 102. UNITED STATES WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORE-
CASTING. 
Section 110 of the Weather Research and Fore-
casting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8519) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 110. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Research to carry out this title the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) $163,794,000 for fiscal year 2026, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $91,058,000 is authorized for weath-
er laboratories and cooperative institutes; 
‘‘(B) $39,491,000 is authorized for the 
United States Weather Research Program; 
‘‘(C) $21,125,000 is authorized for tor-
nado, severe storm, and next generation radar 
research; and 
‘‘(D) $12,120,000 is authorized for the 
joint technology transfer initiative described in 
section 102(b)(4) of this title. 
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‘‘(2) $165,432,000 for fiscal year 2027, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $91,968,000 is authorized for weath-
er laboratories and cooperative institutes; 
‘‘(B) $39,886,000 is authorized for the 
United States Weather Research Program; 
‘‘(C) $21,336,000 is authorized for tor-
nado, severe storm, and next generation radar 
research; and 
‘‘(D) $12,241,000 is authorized for the 
joint technology transfer initiative described in 
section 102(b)(4) of this title. 
‘‘(3) $167,086,000 for fiscal year 2028, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $92,888,000 is authorized for weath-
er laboratories and cooperative institutes; 
‘‘(B) $40,285,000 is authorized for the 
United States Weather Research Program; 
‘‘(C) $21,550,000 is authorized for tor-
nado, severe storm, and next generation radar 
research; and 
‘‘(D) $12,364,000 is authorized for the 
joint technology transfer initiative described in 
section 102(b)(4) of this title. 
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‘‘(4) $168,757,000 for fiscal year 2029, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $93,817,000 is authorized for weath-
er laboratories and cooperative institutes; 
‘‘(B) $40,688,000 is authorized for the 
United States Weather Research Program; 
‘‘(C) $21,765,000 is authorized for tor-
nado, severe storm, and next generation radar 
research; and 
‘‘(D) $12,487,000 is authorized for the 
joint technology transfer initiative described in 
section 102(b)(4) of this title. 
‘‘(5) $170,444,000 for fiscal year 2030, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $94,755,000 is authorized for weath-
er laboratories and cooperative institutes; 
‘‘(B) $41,094,000 is authorized for the 
United States Weather Research Program; 
‘‘(C) $21,983,000 is authorized for tor-
nado, severe storm, and next generation radar 
research; and 
‘‘(D) $12,612,000 is authorized for the 
joint technology transfer initiative described in 
section 102(b)(4) of this title. 
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