datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
I 
112TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4467 
To amend section 520E of the Public Health Service act to require States 
and their designees receiving grants for development or implementation 
of statewide suicide early intervention and prevention strategies to consult 
with each Federally recognized Indian tribe, tribal organization, and 
urban Indian organization in the State. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 19, 2012 
Mr. BACA introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To amend section 520E of the Public Health Service act 
to require States and their designees receiving grants 
for development or implementation of statewide suicide 
early intervention and prevention strategies to consult 
with each Federally recognized Indian tribe, tribal orga-
nization, and urban Indian organization in the State. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Native American Sui-
cide Prevention Act of 2012’’. 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:51 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4467.IH
H4467
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
SEC. 2. CONSULTATION WITH FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED IN-
DIAN TRIBES, TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND 
URBAN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS IN DEVELOP-
MENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATEWIDE 
SUICIDE EARLY INTERVENTION AND PRE-
VENTION STRATEGIES. 
Subsection (e) of section 520E of the Public Health 
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290bb–36) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) CONSULTATION WITH FEDERALLY RECOG-
NIZED INDIAN TRIBES, TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND 
URBAN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS.—As a condition on 
the receipt of a grant or cooperative agreement 
under this section for development or implementa-
tion of a statewide early intervention and prevention 
strategy, a State or an eligible entity designated by 
a State pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(B) shall agree 
to consult with each Federally recognized Indian 
tribe and tribal organization (as defined in the In-
dian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act) and each urban Indian organization (as defined 
in the Indian Health Care Improvement Act) regard-
ing such development or implementation.’’. 
Æ 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:51 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H4467.IH
H4467
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
I 
112TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4468 
To extend the authority to make grants for specified energy property in 
lieu of tax credits. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 19, 2012 
Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi introduced the following bill; which was referred 
to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee 
on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by 
the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall with-
in the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To extend the authority to make grants for specified energy 
property in lieu of tax credits. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. EXTENSION OF GRANTS FOR SPECIFIED EN-
ERGY PROPERTY IN LIEU OF TAX CREDITS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 1603 of 
division B of the American Recovery and Reinvestment 
Act of 2009, as amended by section 707 of the Tax Relief, 
Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Cre-
ation Act of 2010, is amended— 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
20:30 May 07, 2012
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4468.IH
H4468
srobinson on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
(1) by striking ‘‘or 2011’’ in paragraph (1) and 
inserting ‘‘2011, or 2012’’, and 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘after 2011’’ and inserting 
‘‘after 2012’’, and 
(B) by striking ‘‘or 2011’’ and inserting 
‘‘2011, or 2012’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Subsection (j) of 
section 1603 of division B of such Act, as so amended, 
is amended by striking ‘‘2012’’ and inserting ‘‘2013’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to property placed in service after 
December 31, 2011. 
Æ 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
20:30 May 07, 2012
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H4468.IH
H4468
srobinson on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
‘‘(A) The attendance of a member of the family
at any education or training program.
‘‘(B) The improvement of the employability (in-
cluding self-employment) of a member of the family
(such as through the purchase of an automobile).
‘‘(C) The purchase of a home for the family.
‘‘(D) A change of the family residence.
‘‘(j)(1) The term ‘microenterprise’ means a commer-
cial enterprise which has 5 or fewer employees, 1 or more
of whom owns the enterprise.
‘‘(2) The term ‘net profits’ means, with respect to
a microenterprise, the gross receipts of the business,
minus—
‘‘(A) payments of principal or interest on a loan
to the microenterprise;
‘‘(B) transportation expenses;
‘‘(C) inventory costs;
‘‘(D) expenditures to purchase capital equip-
ment;
‘‘(E) cash retained by the microenterprise for
future use by the business;
‘‘(F) taxes paid by reason of the business;
‘‘(G) if the business is covered under a policy
of insurance against loss—
V 
112TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 446 
For the relief of Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel Figueroa Rincon, 
Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, and Nancy Araceli Figueroa Rincon. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 25, 2011 
Ms. DEGETTE introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
For the relief of Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel 
Figueroa Rincon, Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, and 
Nancy Araceli Figueroa Rincon. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS FOR ROSA 
ISELA FIGUEROA RINCON, MIGUEL ANGEL 
FIGUEROA 
RINCON, 
BLANCA 
AZUCENA 
FIGUEROA RINCON, AND NANCY ARACELI 
FIGUEROA RINCON. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding subsections (a) 
and (b) of section 201 of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act, Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel Figueroa 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
03:57 Feb 02, 2011
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H446.IH
H446
rfrederick on DSKD9S0YB1PROD with BILLS
Rincon, Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, and Nancy 
Araceli Figueroa Rincon shall each be eligible for issuance 
of an immigrant visa or for adjustment of status to that 
of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence 
upon filing an application for issuance of an immigrant 
visa under section 204 of such Act or for adjustment of 
status to lawful permanent resident. 
(b) ADJUSTMENT
OF
STATUS.—If Rosa Isela 
Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel Figueroa Rincon, Blanca 
Azucena Figueroa Rincon, or Nancy Araceli Figueroa 
Rincon enters the United States before the filing deadline 
specified in subsection (c), he or she shall be considered 
to have entered and remained lawfully and shall, if other-
wise eligible, be eligible for adjustment of status under 
section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act as of 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(c) WAIVER OF GROUNDS FOR REMOVAL OR DENIAL 
OF ADMISSION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding sections 
212(a) and 237(a) of the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act, Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel 
Figueroa Rincon, Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, 
and Nancy Araceli Figueroa Rincon may not be re-
moved from the United States, denied admission to 
the United States, or considered ineligible for lawful 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
03:57 Feb 02, 2011
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H446.IH
H446
rfrederick on DSKD9S0YB1PROD with BILLS
‘‘(ii) the employer is required to pay the eligible
individual wages which, when added to an amount
that will be payable as aid to families with depend-
ent children to the individual if the individual is paid
such wages, are not less than 100 percent of the
sum of—
‘‘(I) the amount that would otherwise be
payable as aid to families with dependent chil-
dren to the eligible individual if the State did
not have a work supplementation program
under this subsection in effect; and
‘‘(II) if the State elects to subsidize jobs
for participants in the program through the res-
ervation of sums that would otherwise be used
to provide such participants with food stamp
benefits under the Food Stamp Act of 1977,
the amount paid to the State by the Secretary
of Agriculture that represents the cash value of
the food stamp benefits for which the household
of the eligible individual is a member is eligible
under such Act.
‘‘(F) For purposes of computing the amount of the
Federal payment to a State under paragraph (1) or (2)
of section 403(a), for expenditures incurred in making
payments to individuals and employers under the State’s
permanent residence in the United States, by reason 
of any ground for removal or denial of admission 
that is reflected in the records of the Department of 
Homeland Security or the Visa Office of the Depart-
ment of State, on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(2) RESCISSION OF OUTSTANDING ORDER OF 
REMOVAL.—The Secretary of Homeland Security 
shall rescind any outstanding order of removal or de-
portation, or any finding of inadmissibility or de-
portability, that has been entered against Rosa Isela 
Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel Figueroa Rincon, 
Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, or Nancy Araceli 
Figueroa Rincon by reason of any ground described 
in paragraph (1). 
(d) DEADLINE FOR APPLICATION AND PAYMENT OF 
FEES.—Subsections (a) and (b) shall apply only if the ap-
plication for issuance of an immigrant visa or the applica-
tion for adjustment of status is filed with appropriate fees 
within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(e) REDUCTION
OF IMMIGRANT VISA NUMBER.— 
Upon the granting of an immigrant visa or permanent res-
idence to Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, Miguel Angel 
Figueroa Rincon, Blanca Azucena Figueroa Rincon, and 
Nancy Araceli Figueroa Rincon, the Secretary of State 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
03:57 Feb 02, 2011
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H446.IH
H446
rfrederick on DSKD9S0YB1PROD with BILLS
shall instruct the proper officer to reduce by 4, during the 
current or next following fiscal year, the total number of 
immigrant visas that are made available to natives of the 
country of the aliens’ birth under section 203(a) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act or, if applicable, the 
total number of immigrant visas that are made available 
to natives of the country of the aliens’ birth under section 
202(e) of such Act. 
(f) DENIAL OF PREFERENTIAL IMMIGRATION TREAT-
MENT FOR CERTAIN RELATIVES.—The natural parents, 
brothers, and sisters of Rosa Isela Figueroa Rincon, 
Miguel Angel Figueroa Rincon, Blanca Azucena Figueroa 
Rincon, and Nancy Araceli Figueroa Rincon shall not, by 
virtue of such relationship, be accorded any right, privi-
lege, or status under the Immigration and Nationality Act. 
Æ 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
03:57 Feb 02, 2011
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H446.IH
H446
rfrederick on DSKD9S0YB1PROD with BILLS
HR 3512 IH
(4) 
in 
section 
102(2)(G) 
(42 
U.S.C.
4332(2)(G)) by inserting ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon;
(5) 
in 
section 
102(2)(H) 
(42 
U.S.C.
4332(2)(H)) by striking ‘‘; and’’ and inserting a
period;
(6) by striking section 102(2)(I) (42 U.S.C.
4332(2)(I));
(7) in section 205(1) (42 U.S.C. 4345(1)) by
striking ‘‘the Citizen’s’’ and all that follows through
‘‘and with’’; and
(8) in section 205(2) (42 U.S.C. 4345(2)) by
striking ‘‘the Council’s’’ and inserting ‘‘the Office’s’’.
Æ
served, including the provision of relevant popu-
lation specific services;’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘2007 
through 2011’’ and inserting ‘‘2013 through 
2017’’; 
(4) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking paragraph (3); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2), the 
following: 
‘‘(3) GRANTEE
MINIMUM
REQUIREMENTS.— 
Each grantee shall comply with the following min-
imum requirements during the grant period: 
‘‘(A) The grantee shall create a coordi-
nated community response including both orga-
nizations external to the institution and rel-
evant divisions of the institution. 
‘‘(B) The grantee shall establish a manda-
tory prevention and education program on do-
mestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, 
and stalking for all incoming students. 
‘‘(C) The grantee shall train all campus 
law enforcement to respond effectively to do-
mestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, 
and stalking.
I
103D CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 3501
To impose mandatory sentence for crimes of violence and fraud against
senior citizens, to provide for the death penalty for the homicide of
a senior citizen, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
NOVEMBER 10, 1993
Mr. MANTON introduced the following bill; which was referred jointly to the
Committees on the Judiciary, Energy and Commerce, Banking, Finance
and Urban Affairs, and Ways and Means
A BILL
To impose mandatory sentence for crimes of violence and
fraud against senior citizens, to provide for the death
penalty for the homicide of a senior citizen, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Senior Citizen Protec-
tion Act of 1993’’.
I 
112TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4475 
To extend and modify the temporary reduction of duty on DEMBB. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2012 
Mr. CASSIDY introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To extend and modify the temporary reduction of duty on 
DEMBB. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. DEMBB. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Heading 9902.11.06 of the Har-
monized Tariff Schedule of the United States (relating to 
DEMBB) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Free’’ and inserting ‘‘1.0%’’; 
and 
(2) by striking the date in the effective period 
column and inserting ‘‘12/31/2015’’. 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:53 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4475.IH
H4475
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
attempts to do so, shall be fined as provided in title 18, 
United States Code, or imprisoned for not more than one 
year, or both. 
‘‘(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) COVERED INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘covered 
individual’ means the following individuals: 
‘‘(A) A servicemember who is or was eligible 
for hostile fire or imminent danger special pay 
under section 310 of title 37, United States Code, 
during a period of military service. 
‘‘(B) A servicemember placed on convales-
cent status, including a servicemember trans-
ferred to the temporary disability retired list 
under section 1202 or 1205 of title 10, United 
States Code. 
‘‘(C) A veteran who was medically dis-
charged and retired under chapter 61 of title 10, 
United States Code, except for a veteran de-
scribed in section 1207 of such title. 
‘‘(D) A surviving spouse (as defined in sec-
tion 101(3) of title 38, United States Code, and 
in accordance with section 103 of such title) of 
a servicemember who died while in military 
service if such spouse is the successor in interest 
to property covered under subsection (a). 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
20:41 Sep 11, 2013
Jkt 029200
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H2481.RH
H2481
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with BILLS
sylvania, constituting the Aspinwall long-term care facility
shall after the date of the enactment of this Act be known
and designated as the Mathew B. Ridgway Division of the
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center at Univer-
sity Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
SEC. 2. REFERENCES.
Any reference to the facility referred to in section 1
in any law, regulation, map, document, record, or other
paper of the United States shall be considered to be a ref-
erence to the Mathew B. Ridgway Division of the Depart-
ment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center at University
Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Æ
I 
112TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4472 
To reduce the travel expenses for certain Federal employees, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2012 
Mr. ROSS of Florida introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 
A BILL 
To reduce the travel expenses for certain Federal employees, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Government Spending 
Accountability Act’’. 
SEC. 2. REDUCTION OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TRAVEL 
COSTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, the total amount which is paid or reimbursed 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:52 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4472.IH
H4472
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
by an agency under subchapter I and II of chapter 57 
of title 5, United States Code, may not— 
(1) for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014, ex-
ceed 50 percent of the total amount so paid or reim-
bursed by such agency for fiscal year 2012; and 
(2) for fiscal year 2015, exceed 75 percent of 
the total amount so paid or reimbursed by such 
agency for fiscal year 2012. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the begin-
ning of each of fiscal years 2014 through 2016, the head 
of each agency shall submit a report to the Committee 
on Oversight and Government Reform in the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate with respect to 
the total travel expenses paid or reimbursed under such 
subchapters by such agency during the preceding fiscal 
year. Such report shall include a list of dates, locations, 
and costs of such travel. 
(c) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘agency’’ has the meaning given that term under 
section 5701(1) of title 5, United States Code, but does 
not include the following: 
(1) The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms 
and Explosives. 
(2) The Department of Defense. 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:52 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H4472.IH
H4472
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
(3) The Drug Enforcement Administration. 
(4) The Federal Air Marshal Service. 
(5) The Federal Bureau of Investigation. 
(6) The United States Capitol Police. 
(7) The United States Citizenship and Immi-
gration Services. 
(8) The United States Secret Service. 
Æ 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
05:52 Apr 24, 2012
Jkt 099200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H4472.IH
H4472
PWALKER on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with BILLS
I
103D CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 3503
To establish limitations on the use of funds for international peacekeeping
activities.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
NOVEMBER 10, 1993
Ms. SNOWE introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee
on Foreign Affairs
A BILL
To establish limitations on the use of funds for international
peacekeeping activities.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘International Peace-
keeping Policy Act of 1993’’.
SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS FOR INTER-
NATIONAL PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES.
(a) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, none of the funds appropriated to the Depart-
ment of State Contributions for International Peacekeep-
propriate persons to implement such plans and
projects, as provided in subsection (e), and to pay
the costs of such implementation, or contracts and
agreements, with funds received under the order;
(8) to evaluate on-going and completed plans
and projects for cut flowers or cut greens promotion,
consumer information, or related research;
(9) to receive, investigate, and report to the
Secretary complaints of violations of the order;
(10) to recommend to the Secretary amend-
ments to the order; and
(11) to furnish the Secretary with such infor-
mation as the Secretary may require.
(d) BUDGETS; PLANS AND PROJECTS.—
(1) SUBMISSION OF BUDGETS.—The order shall
require the PromoFlor Council to submit to the Sec-
retary for approval budgets on a fiscal year basis of
its anticipated expenses and disbursements in the
implementation of the order, including projected
costs of cut flowers and cut greens promotion,
consumer information, and related research plans
and projects.
(2) PLANS OR PROJECTS.—
(A) PROMOTION AND CONSUMER INFORMA-
TION.—The order shall provide—
ing Account or any other funds appropriated to the De-
partment of State under any law to pay for assessed or
voluntary contributions to United Nations peacekeeping
activities shall be available for obligation or expenditure
to the United Nations to establish, expand in size, or mod-
ify in mission a United Nations peacekeeping operation
unless with respect to such peacekeeping operation the
President submits a certification to the Congress under
subsection (b).
(b) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—The President
shall determine and certify to the Congress that the
United Nations peacekeeping operation meets the follow-
ing policy guidelines:
(1) The operation involves an international con-
flict in which hostilities have ceased and all signifi-
cant parties to the conflict agree to the imposition
of United Nations peacekeeping forces for the pur-
pose of seeking an enduring solution to the conflict.
(2) Not less than 15 days before approval of
the peacekeeping operation by the United Nations
Security Council, the Congress was notified of the
intent to support the establishment of the peace-
keeping operation under the reprogramming proce-
dures of section 34 of the State Department Basic
Authorities Act.
(3) With respect to any assessed contribution to
a United Nations peacekeeping activity, the percent-
age of the United States assessed share for the total
cost of the operation is no greater than the percent-
age assessment for the regular United Nations
budget.
(4) No United States intelligence information
involving sensitive sources and methods of intel-
ligence gathering will be provided to the United Na-
tions to support the operation.
(5) With respect to the participation in the op-
eration of units of the United States Armed Forces
trained to carry out direct combat missions—
(A) the operation directly advances United
States national security interests,
(B) the participation of such units is criti-
cal to the success of the operation,
(C) such units will be under the oper-
ational command and control of the United
States Armed Forces, and
(D) any member of the United States
Armed Forces participating in the operation
would have access to the full protection of the
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment
of Prisoners of War (signed at Geneva, 12 Au-
gust 1949) if captured and held by combatants
or other parties to the conflict.
(c) DIRECT COMBAT DEFINED.—For the purpose of
subsection (b), the term ‘‘direct combat’’ means engaging
an enemy or hostile force with individual or crew-served
weapons while being exposed to direct enemy fire, a high
probability of direct physical contact with the enemy or
hostile force, and a substantial risk of capture.
Æ