I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1074 
To establish a process by which the appointment of Supreme Court Justices 
can occur at regular time intervals, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 6, 2025 
Mr. KHANNA (for himself, Mr. BEYER, Ms. TLAIB, Mr. CASTEN, Ms. OMAR, 
Mr. GOLDMAN of New York, Mr. VARGAS, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, and 
Ms. ANSARI) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To establish a process by which the appointment of Supreme 
Court Justices can occur at regular time intervals, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Supreme Court Term 
Limits and Regular Appointments Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. SUPREME COURT TERM LIMITS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 28, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘§ 7. Term limits 
‘‘The President shall, during the first and third years 
after a year in which there is a Presidential election, nomi-
nate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate, appoint one Justice of the Supreme Court. 
‘‘§ 8. Senior Justices 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(c), the panel of justices exercising Judicial power in Cases 
and Controversies shall comprise the nine most junior Jus-
tices. 
‘‘(b) DEEMED RETIRED.—After a Justice has served 
18 years, that Justice shall be deemed a Justice retired 
from regular active service under section 371(b). 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTION.—No Justice appointed before the 
date of enactment of this Act shall be counted toward the 
panel of nine Justices described in subsection (a), nor 
shall they be required to retire from regular active service 
under subsection (b). 
‘‘§ 9. Waiver of advice and consent authority 
‘‘If the Senate does not exercise its advice and con-
sent authority with respect to a President’s nominee to 
the Supreme Court within 120 days after the nomination, 
the Senate shall be deemed to have waived its advice and 
consent authority with respect to such nominee, and the 
nominee shall be seated as a Justice of the Supreme 
Court.’’. 
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(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for chapter 1 of title 28, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘7. Term limits. 
‘‘8. Senior Justices. 
‘‘9. Waiver of advice and consent authority.’’. 
SEC. 3. SENIOR JUSTICES. 
Section 294 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(a) Any Chief Justice of the United States or Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court who has retired from 
regular active service under section 371(b) of this title 
shall be known and designated as a Senior Justice and 
may continue to perform such judicial duties as such Jus-
tice is willing and able to undertake, when designated and 
assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States.’’; 
(2) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘of such 
court’’ and all that follows through ‘‘Supreme 
Court.’’ and inserting: ‘‘of such court, except that 
any designation or assignment made to the Supreme 
Court shall be in accordance with subsection (e).’’; 
(3) by redesignating subsection (e) as sub-
section (g); and 
(4) by inserting after subsection (d) the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(e)(1) When there is a vacancy on the Supreme 
Court due to the death, disability certification under sec-
tion 372, or removal of a Justice, the retired Chief Justice 
of the United States or Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court who has most recently become a Senior Justice shall 
be designated and assigned to serve as a Justice until an 
appointment is made under section 7 of this title. 
‘‘(2) If there is more than one vacancy on the Su-
preme Court, the Senior Justice who has served in such 
capacity for the least amount of time shall be designated 
and assigned to serve as a Justice by the Chief Justice 
until each vacancy on the Supreme Court is filled. 
‘‘(f) Any Chief Justice of the United States or Asso-
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court who has retired from 
regular active service under section 372 may not be a Sen-
ior Justice.’’. 
SEC. 4. EXCEPTION TO APPOINTMENT OF A SUCCESSOR. 
(a) RETIRED JUSTICES.—Section 371 of title 28, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘justice or’’; and 
(B) by inserting before the period at the 
end the following: ‘‘or designate a Senior Jus-
tice in accordance with section 294(e) to fill a 
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vacancy resulting from the retirement of a jus-
tice under this section’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(f) Any justice of the United States who has served 
a total of 18 years as a justice shall be treated as a justice 
retired from regular active service under this section, un-
less the justice is otherwise eligible to retire as a result 
of a disability under section 372.’’. 
(b) DISABLED JUSTICES.—Section 372(a) of title 28, 
United States Code, is amended in the first sentence, by 
inserting after ‘‘a successor’’ the following: ‘‘or, in the case 
of a justice of the United States, fill the vacancy in accord-
ance with section 294(e)’’. 
Æ 
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