294 
efforts to improve diesel combustion and after-treatment 
technologies for use in diesel fueled motor vehicles. 
(c) GOALS.—The Secretary shall carry out subsection 
(b) with a view toward achieving the following goals: 
(1) Developing and demonstrating diesel tech-
nologies that, not later than 2010, meet the following 
standards: 
(A) Tier 2 emission standards. 
(B) The heavy-duty emissions standards of 
2007 that are applicable to heavy-duty vehicles 
under regulations issued by the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency as of the 
date of enactment of this Act. 
(2) Developing the next generation of low-emis-
sion, high efficiency diesel engine technologies, includ-
ing homogeneous charge compression ignition tech-
nology. 
§ 757. Biodiesel engine testing program 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later that 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall initiate 
a partnership with diesel engine, diesel fuel injection sys-
tem, and diesel vehicle manufacturers and diesel and bio-
diesel fuel providers, to include biodiesel testing in ad-
vanced diesel engine and fuel system technology.
295 
(b) SCOPE.—The program shall provide for testing to 
determine the impact of biodiesel from different sources on 
current and future emission control technologies, with em-
phasis on— 
(1) the impact of biodiesel on emissions war-
ranty, in-use liability, and antitampering provisions; 
(2) the impact of long-term use of biodiesel on 
engine operations; 
(3) the options for optimizing these technologies 
for both emissions and performance when switching 
between biodiesel and diesel fuel; and 
(4) the impact of using biodiesel in these fueling 
systems and engines when used as a blend with 2006 
Environmental Protection Agency-mandated diesel 
fuel containing a maximum of 15-parts-per-million 
sulfur content. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide an in-
terim report to Congress on the findings of the program, 
including a comprehensive analysis of impacts from bio-
diesel on engine operation for both existing and expected 
future diesel technologies, and recommendations for ensur-
ing optimal emissions reductions and engine performance 
with biodiesel.
296 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2006 through 2010 to carry out this section. 
(e) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘biodiesel’’ means a diesel fuel substitute produced 
from nonpetroleum renewable resources that meets the reg-
istration requirements for fuels and fuel additives estab-
lished by the Environmental Protection Agency under sec-
tion 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545) and that 
meets the American Society for Testing and Materials 
D6751–02a Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel 
(B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels. 
§ 759. Ultra-efficient engine technology for aircraft 
(a) ULTRA-EFFICIENT ENGINE TECHNOLOGY PART-
NERSHIP.—The Secretary of Energy shall enter into a coop-
erative agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration for the development of ultra-efficient engine 
technology for aircraft. 
(b) PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE.—The Secretary of En-
ergy shall establish the following performance objectives for 
the program set forth in subsection (a): 
(1) A fuel efficiency increase of 10 percent. 
(2) A reduction in the impact of landing and 
takeoff nitrogen oxides emissions on local air quality 
of 70 percent.
297 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS .—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
for carrying out this section $45,000,000 for each of the fis-
cal years 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. 
Subtitle E—Automobile Efficiency 
§ 771. Authorization of appropriations for implemen-
tation and enforcement of fuel economy 
standards 
In addition to any other funds authorized by law, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the National 
Highway Traffic Safety Administration to carry out its ob-
ligations with respect to average fuel economy standards 
$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2010. 
§ 772. Revised considerations for decisions on max-
imum feasible average fuel economy 
Section 32902(f) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) CONSIDERATIONS FOR DECISIONS ON MAXIMUM 
FEASIBLE
AVERAGE
FUEL
ECONOMY.—When deciding 
maximum feasible average fuel economy under this section, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall consider the following 
matters: 
‘‘(1) Technological feasibility. 
‘‘(2) Economic practicability.
298 
‘‘(3) The effect of other motor vehicle standards 
of the Government on fuel economy. 
‘‘(4) The need of the United States to conserve 
energy. 
‘‘(5) The effects of fuel economy standards on 
passenger automobiles, nonpassenger automobiles, and 
occupant safety. 
‘‘(6) The effects of compliance with average fuel 
economy standards on levels of automobile industry 
employment in the United States.’’. 
§ 773. Extension of maximum fuel economy increase 
for alternative fueled vehicles 
(a) MANUFACTURING INCENTIVES.—Section 32905 of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in each of subsections (b) and (d), by striking 
‘‘1993–2004’’ and inserting ‘‘1993–2010’’; 
(2) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘2001’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2007’’; and 
(3) in subsection (f)(1), by striking ‘‘2004’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2010’’. 
(b) MAXIMUM FUEL ECONOMY INCREASE.—Subsection 
(a)(1) of section 32906 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended—
299 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘the model 
years 1993–2004’’ and inserting ‘‘model years 1993– 
2010’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘the model 
years 2005–2008’’ and inserting ‘‘model years 2011– 
2014’’. 
§ 774. Study of feasibility and effects of reducing use 
of fuel for automobiles 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the 
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall ini-
tiate a study of the feasibility and effects of reducing by 
model year 2014, by a significant percentage, the amount 
of fuel consumed by automobiles. 
(b) SUBJECTS OF STUDY.—The study under this sec-
tion shall include— 
(1) examination of, and recommendation of al-
ternatives to, the policy under current Federal law of 
establishing average fuel economy standards for auto-
mobiles and requiring each automobile manufacturer 
to comply with average fuel economy standards that 
apply to the automobiles it manufactures; 
(2) examination of how automobile manufactur-
ers could contribute toward achieving the reduction 
referred to in subsection (a);
300 
(3) examination of the potential of fuel cell tech-
nology in motor vehicles in order to determine the ex-
tent to which such technology may contribute to 
achieving the reduction referred to in subsection (a); 
and 
(4) examination of the effects of the reduction re-
ferred to in subsection (a) on— 
(A) gasoline supplies; 
(B) the automobile industry, including sales 
of automobiles manufactured in the United 
States; 
(C) motor vehicle safety; and 
(D) air quality. 
(c) REPORT.—The Administrator shall submit to Con-
gress a report on the findings, conclusion, and recommenda-
tions of the study under this section by not later than 1 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
TITLE VIII—HYDROGEN 
§ 801. Definitions 
In this title: 
(1) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Advisory 
Committee’’ means the Hydrogen Technical and Fuel 
Cell Advisory Committee established under section 
805.
301 
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
(3) FUEL CELL.—The term ‘‘fuel cell’’ means a 
device that directly converts the chemical energy of a 
fuel and an oxidant into electricity by an electro-
chemical process taking place at separate electrodes in 
the device. 
(4) INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term ‘‘infrastruc-
ture’’ means the equipment, systems, or facilities used 
to produce, distribute, deliver, or store hydrogen. 
(5) LIGHT
DUTY
VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘light 
duty vehicle’’ means a car or truck classified by the 
Department of Transportation as a Class I or IIA ve-
hicle. 
(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
§ 802. Plan 
Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a co-
ordinated plan for the programs described in this title and 
any other programs of the Department that are directly re-
lated to fuel cells or hydrogen. The plan shall describe, at 
a minimum—
302 
(1) the agenda for the next 5 years for the pro-
grams authorized under this title, including the agen-
da for each activity enumerated in section 803(a); 
(2) the types of entities that will carry out the 
activities under this title and what role each entity 
is expected to play; 
(3) the milestones that will be used to evaluate 
the programs for the next 5 years; 
(4) the most significant technical and nontech-
nical hurdles that stand in the way of achieving the 
goals described in section 803(b), and how the pro-
grams will address those hurdles; and 
(5) the policy assumptions that are implicit in 
the plan, including any assumptions that would affect 
the sources of hydrogen or the marketability of hydro-
gen-related products. 
§ 803. Programs 
(a) ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary, in partnership with 
the private sector, shall conduct programs to address— 
(1) production of hydrogen from diverse energy 
sources, including— 
(A) fossil fuels, which may include carbon 
capture and sequestration; 
(B) hydrogen-carrier fuels (including eth-
anol and methanol);
303 
(C) renewable energy resources, including 
biomass; and 
(D) nuclear energy; 
(2) use of hydrogen for commercial, industrial, 
and residential electric power generation; 
(3) safe delivery of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrier 
fuels, including— 
(A) transmission by pipeline and other dis-
tribution methods; and 
(B) convenient and economic refueling of 
vehicles either at central refueling stations or 
through distributed on-site generation; 
(4) advanced vehicle technologies, including— 
(A) engine and emission control systems; 
(B) energy storage, electric propulsion, and 
hybrid systems; 
(C) automotive materials; and 
(D) other advanced vehicle technologies; 
(5) storage of hydrogen or hydrogen-carrier fuels, 
including development of materials for safe and eco-
nomic storage in gaseous, liquid, or solid form at re-
fueling facilities and onboard vehicles; 
(6) development of safe, durable, affordable, and 
efficient fuel cells, including fuel-flexible fuel cell 
power systems, improved manufacturing processes,
304 
high-temperature membranes, cost-effective fuel proc-
essing for natural gas, fuel cell stack and system reli-
ability, low temperature operation, and cold start ca-
pability; 
(7) development, after consultation with the pri-
vate sector, of necessary codes and standards (includ-
ing international codes and standards and voluntary 
consensus standards adopted in accordance with OMB 
Circular A–119) and safety practices for the produc-
tion, distribution, storage, and use of hydrogen, hy-
drogen-carrier fuels, and related products; 
(8) a public education program to develop im-
proved knowledge and acceptability of hydrogen-based 
systems; and 
(9) the ability of domestic automobile manufac-
turers to manufacture commercially available com-
petitive hybrid vehicle technologies in the United 
States. 
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.— 
(1) VEHICLES.—For vehicles, the goals of the 
program are— 
(A) to enable a commitment by automakers 
no later than year 2015 to offer safe, affordable, 
and technically viable hydrogen fuel cell vehicles 
in the mass consumer market; and
305 
(B) to enable production, delivery, and ac-
ceptance by consumers of model year 2020 hy-
drogen fuel cell and other hydrogen-powered ve-
hicles that will have— 
(i) a range of at least 300 miles; 
(ii) improved performance and ease of 
driving; 
(iii) safety and performance com-
parable to vehicle technologies in the mar-
ket; and 
(iv) when compared to light duty vehi-
cles in model year 2003— 
(I) fuel economy that is substan-
tially higher; 
(II) substantially lower emissions 
of air pollutants; and 
(III) equivalent or improved vehi-
cle fuel system crash integrity and oc-
cupant protection. 
(2) HYDROGEN
ENERGY
AND
ENERGY
INFRA-
STRUCTURE.—For hydrogen energy and energy infra-
structure, the goals of the program are to enable a 
commitment not later than 2015 that will lead to in-
frastructure by 2020 that will provide— 
(A) safe and convenient refueling;
306 
(B) improved overall efficiency; 
(C) widespread availability of hydrogen 
from domestic energy sources through— 
(i) production, with consideration of 
emissions levels; 
(ii) delivery, including transmission 
by pipeline and other distribution methods 
for hydrogen; and 
(iii) storage, including storage in sur-
face transportation vehicles; 
(D) hydrogen for fuel cells, internal combus-
tion engines, and other energy conversion devices 
for portable, stationary, and transportation ap-
plications; and 
(E) other technologies consistent with the 
Department’s plan. 
(3) FUEL CELLS.—The goals for fuel cells and 
their portable, stationary, and transportation appli-
cations are to enable— 
(A) safe, economical, and environmentally 
sound hydrogen fuel cells; 
(B) fuel cells for light duty and other vehi-
cles; and 
(C) other technologies consistent with the 
Department’s plan.
307 
(c) DEMONSTRATION.—In carrying out the programs 
under this section, the Secretary shall fund a limited num-
ber of demonstration projects, consistent with a determina-
tion of the maturity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental 
impacts of technologies supporting each project. In selecting 
projects under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the 
extent practicable and in the public interest, select projects 
that— 
(1) involve using hydrogen and related products 
at existing facilities or installations, such as existing 
office buildings, military bases, vehicle fleet centers, 
transit bus authorities, or units of the National Park 
System; 
(2) depend on reliable power from hydrogen to 
carry out essential activities; 
(3) lead to the replication of hydrogen tech-
nologies and draw such technologies into the market-
place; 
(4) include vehicle, portable, and stationary 
demonstrations of fuel cell and hydrogen-based energy 
technologies; 
(5) address the interdependency of demand for 
hydrogen fuel cell applications and hydrogen fuel in-
frastructure;
308 
(6) raise awareness of hydrogen technology 
among the public; 
(7) facilitate identification of an optimum tech-
nology among competing alternatives; 
(8) address distributed generation using renew-
able sources; and 
(9) address applications specific to rural or re-
mote locations, including isolated villages and is-
lands, the National Park System, and tribal entities. 
The Secretary shall give preference to projects which address 
multiple elements contained in paragraphs (1) through (9). 
(d) DEPLOYMENT.—In carrying out the programs 
under this section, the Secretary shall, in partnership with 
the private sector, conduct activities to facilitate the deploy-
ment of hydrogen energy and energy infrastructure, fuel 
cells, and advanced vehicle technologies. 
(e) FUNDING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out 
the programs under this section using a competitive, 
merit-based review process and consistent with the 
generally applicable Federal laws and regulations 
governing awards of financial assistance, contracts, 
or other agreements. 
(2) RESEARCH CENTERS.—Activities under this 
section may be carried out by funding nationally rec-
309 
ognized university-based or Federal laboratory re-
search centers. 
(f) COST SHARING.— 
(1) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—Except as 
otherwise provided in this title, for research and de-
velopment programs carried out under this title the 
Secretary shall require a commitment from non-Fed-
eral sources of at least 20 percent of the cost of the 
project. The Secretary may reduce or eliminate the 
non-Federal requirement under this paragraph if the 
Secretary determines that the research and develop-
ment is of a basic or fundamental nature or involves 
technical analyses or educational activities. 
(2) DEMONSTRATION AND COMMERCIAL APPLICA-
TION.—Except as otherwise provided in this title, the 
Secretary shall require at least 50 percent of the costs 
directly and specifically related to any demonstration 
or commercial application project under this title to 
be provided from non-Federal sources. The Secretary 
may reduce the non-Federal requirement under this 
paragraph if the Secretary determines that the reduc-
tion is necessary and appropriate considering the 
technological risks involved in the project and is nec-
essary to meet the objectives of this title.
310 
(3) CALCULATION OF AMOUNT.—In calculating 
the amount of the non-Federal commitment under 
paragraph (1) or (2), the Secretary may include per-
sonnel, services, equipment, and other resources. 
(4) SIZE
OF
NON-FEDERAL
SHARE.—The Sec-
retary may consider the size of the non-Federal share 
in selecting projects. 
(g) DISCLOSURE.—Section 623 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13293) relating to the protection 
of information shall apply to projects carried out through 
grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts under this title. 
§ 804. Interagency task force 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall estab-
lish an interagency task force chaired by the Secretary with 
representatives from each of the following: 
(1) The Office of Science and Technology Policy 
within the Executive Office of the President. 
(2) The Department of Transportation. 
(3) The Department of Defense. 
(4) The Department of Commerce (including the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology). 
(5) The Department of State. 
(6) The Environmental Protection Agency.
311 
(7) The National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration. 
(8) Other Federal agencies as the Secretary de-
termines appropriate. 
(b) DUTIES.— 
(1) PLANNING.—The interagency task force shall 
work toward— 
(A) a safe, economical, and environmentally 
sound fuel infrastructure for hydrogen and hy-
drogen-carrier fuels, including an infrastructure 
that supports buses and other fleet transpor-
tation; 
(B) fuel cells in government and other ap-
plications, including portable, stationary, and 
transportation applications; 
(C) distributed power generation, including 
the generation of combined heat, power, and 
clean fuels including hydrogen; 
(D) uniform hydrogen codes, standards, and 
safety protocols; and 
(E) vehicle hydrogen fuel system integrity 
safety performance. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—The interagency task force may 
organize workshops and conferences, may issue publi-
312 
cations, and may create databases to carry out its du-
ties. The interagency task force shall— 
(A) foster the exchange of generic, non-
proprietary information and technology among 
industry, academia, and government; 
(B) develop and maintain an inventory and 
assessment of hydrogen, fuel cells, and other ad-
vanced technologies, including the commercial 
capability of each technology for the economic 
and environmentally safe production, distribu-
tion, delivery, storage, and use of hydrogen; 
(C) integrate technical and other informa-
tion made available as a result of the programs 
and activities under this title; 
(D) promote the marketplace introduction of 
infrastructure for hydrogen fuel vehicles; and 
(E) conduct an education program to pro-
vide hydrogen and fuel cell information to poten-
tial end-users. 
(c) AGENCY COOPERATION.—The heads of all agencies, 
including those whose agencies are not represented on the 
interagency task force, shall cooperate with and furnish in-
formation to the interagency task force, the Advisory Com-
mittee, and the Department.