IIB 
111TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4061 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 
FEBRUARY 9 (legislative day, FEBRUARY 8), 2010 
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation 
AN ACT 
To advance cybersecurity research, development, and 
technical standards, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cybersecurity En-
hancement Act of 2010’’. 
TITLE I—RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT 
SEC. 101. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) NATIONAL
COORDINATION
OFFICE.—The 
term National Coordination Office means the Na-
tional Coordination Office for the Networking and 
Information Technology Research and Development 
program. 
(2) PROGRAM.—The term Program means the 
Networking and Information Technology Research 
and Development program which has been estab-
lished under section 101 of the High-Performance 
Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511). 
SEC. 102. FINDINGS. 
Section 2 of the Cyber Security Research and Devel-
opment Act (15 U.S.C. 7401) is amended— 
(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(1) Advancements in information and commu-
nications technology have resulted in a globally 
interconnected network of government, commercial, 
scientific, and education infrastructures, including 
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critical infrastructures for electric power, natural 
gas and petroleum production and distribution, tele-
communications, transportation, water supply, bank-
ing and finance, and emergency and government 
services.’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘Exponential 
increases in interconnectivity have facilitated en-
hanced communications, economic growth,’’ and in-
serting ‘‘These advancements have significantly con-
tributed to the growth of the United States econ-
omy’’; 
(3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(3) The Cyberspace Policy Review published 
by the President in May, 2009, concluded that our 
information technology and communications infra-
structure is vulnerable and has ‘suffered intrusions 
that have allowed criminals to steal hundreds of mil-
lions of dollars and nation-states and other entities 
to steal intellectual property and sensitive military 
information’.’’; 
(4) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through 
(6) as paragraphs (5) through (7), respectively; 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
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‘‘(4) In a series of hearings held before Con-
gress in 2009, experts testified that the Federal cy-
bersecurity research and development portfolio was 
too focused on short-term, incremental research and 
that it lacked the prioritization and coordination 
necessary to address the long-term challenge of en-
suring a secure and reliable information technology 
and communications infrastructure.’’; and 
(6) by amending paragraph (7), as so redesig-
nated by paragraph (4) of this section, to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(7) While African-Americans, Hispanics, and 
Native Americans constitute 33 percent of the col-
lege-age population, members of these minorities 
comprise less than 20 percent of bachelor degree re-
cipients in the field of computer sciences.’’. 
SEC. 103. CYBERSECURITY STRATEGIC RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT PLAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 12 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the agencies identified 
in subsection 101(a)(3)(B)(i) through (x) of the High-Per-
formance 
Computing 
Act 
of 
1991 
(15 
U.S.C. 
5511(a)(3)(B)(i) through (x)) or designated under section 
101(a)(3)(B)(xi) of such Act, working through the Na-
tional Science and Technology Council and with the assist-
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ance of the National Coordination Office, shall transmit 
to Congress a strategic plan based on an assessment of 
cybersecurity risk to guide the overall direction of Federal 
cybersecurity and information assurance research and de-
velopment for information technology and networking sys-
tems. Once every 3 years after the initial strategic plan 
is transmitted to Congress under this section, such agen-
cies shall prepare and transmit to Congress an update of 
such plan. 
(b) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The strategic plan re-
quired under subsection (a) shall— 
(1) specify and prioritize near-term, mid-term 
and long-term research objectives, including objec-
tives associated with the research areas identified in 
section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber Security Research and 
Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) and how 
the near-term objectives complement research and 
development areas in which the private sector is ac-
tively engaged; 
(2) describe how the Program will focus on in-
novative, transformational technologies with the po-
tential to enhance the security, reliability, resilience, 
and trustworthiness of the digital infrastructure, in-
cluding technologies to secure sensitive information 
shared among Federal agencies; 
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(3) describe how the Program will foster the 
transfer of research and development results into 
new cybersecurity technologies and applications for 
the benefit of society and the national interest, in-
cluding through the dissemination of best practices 
and other outreach activities; 
(4) describe how the Program will establish and 
maintain a national research infrastructure for cre-
ating, testing, and evaluating the next generation of 
secure networking and information technology sys-
tems; 
(5) describe how the Program will facilitate ac-
cess by academic researchers to the infrastructure 
described in paragraph (4), as well as to relevant 
data, including event data representing realistic 
threats and vulnerabilities; 
(6) describe how the Program will engage fe-
males and individuals identified in section 33 or 34 
of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b) to foster a more di-
verse workforce in this area; 
(7) outline how the United States can work 
strategically with our international partners on cy-
bersecurity research and development issues where 
appropriate; and 
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(8) describe how the Program will strengthen 
all levels of cybersecurity education and training 
programs to ensure an adequate, well-trained work-
force. 
(c) DEVELOPMENT OF ROADMAP.—The agencies de-
scribed in subsection (a) shall develop and annually update 
an implementation roadmap for the strategic plan re-
quired in this section. Such roadmap shall— 
(1) specify the role of each Federal agency in 
carrying out or sponsoring research and development 
to meet the research objectives of the strategic plan, 
including a description of how progress toward the 
research objectives will be evaluated; 
(2) specify the funding allocated to each major 
research objective of the strategic plan and the 
source of funding by agency for the current fiscal 
year; and 
(3) estimate the funding required for each 
major research objective of the strategic plan for the 
following 3 fiscal years. 
(d) RECOMMENDATIONS.—In developing and updat-
ing the strategic plan under subsection (a), the agencies 
involved shall solicit recommendations and advice from— 
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(1) the advisory committee established under 
section 101(b)(1) of the High-Performance Com-
puting Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(b)(1)); and 
(2) a wide range of stakeholders, including in-
dustry, academia, including representatives of mi-
nority serving institutions and community colleges, 
National Laboratories, and other relevant organiza-
tions and institutions. 
(e) APPENDING TO REPORT.—The implementation 
roadmap required under subsection (c), and its annual up-
dates, shall be appended to the report required under sec-
tion 101(a)(2)(D) of the High-Performance Computing 
Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(2)(D)). 
SEC. 104. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH IN CYBER-
SECURITY. 
Section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber Security Research and 
Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘and usability’’ after ‘‘to the 
structure’’; 
(2) in subparagraph (H), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; 
(3) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
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‘‘(J) social and behavioral factors, includ-
ing human-computer interactions, usability, 
user motivations, and organizational cultures.’’. 
SEC. 105. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CYBERSECU-
RITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY RESEARCH 
AREAS.—Section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber Security Research 
and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ‘‘identity 
management,’’ after ‘‘cryptography,’’; and 
(2) by amending subparagraph (I) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(I) enhancement of the ability of law en-
forcement to detect, investigate, and prosecute 
cyber-crimes, including crimes that involve pi-
racy of intellectual property, crimes against 
children, and organized crime.’’. 
(b) COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY RESEARCH 
GRANTS.—Section 4(a)(3) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 
7403(a)(3)) is amended by striking subparagraphs (A) 
through (E) and inserting the following new subpara-
graphs: 
‘‘(A) $68,700,000 for fiscal year 2010; 
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‘‘(B) $73,500,000 for fiscal year 2011; 
‘‘(C) $78,600,000 for fiscal year 2012; 
‘‘(D) $84,200,000 for fiscal year 2013; 
and 
‘‘(E) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2014.’’. 
(c) COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY RESEARCH 
CENTERS.—Section 4(b) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(b)) 
is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the 
period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) how the center will partner with gov-
ernment laboratories, for-profit entities, other 
institutions of higher education, or nonprofit re-
search institutions.’’; and 
(2) by amending paragraph (7) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Na-
tional Science Foundation such sums as are nec-
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essary to carry out this subsection for each of the 
fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. 
(d) COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY CAPACITY 
BUILDING GRANTS.—Section 5(a) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 
7404(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting ‘‘, includ-
ing curriculum on the principles and techniques of 
designing secure software’’ after ‘‘network security’’; 
and 
(2) by amending paragraph (6) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(6) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Na-
tional Science Foundation such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this subsection for each of the 
fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. 
(e) SCIENTIFIC AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ACT 
GRANTS.—Section 5(b)(2) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 
7404(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Na-
tional Science Foundation such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this subsection for each of the 
fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. 
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(f) GRADUATE TRAINEESHIPS IN COMPUTER AND 
NETWORK SECURITY.—Section 5(c)(7) of such Act (15 
U.S.C. 7404(c)(7)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Na-
tional Science Foundation such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this subsection for each of the 
fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. 
(g) POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS IN CY-
BERSECURITY.—Section 5(e) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 
7404(e)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(e) POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS IN 
CYBERSECURITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a program to encourage young scientists and en-
gineers to conduct postdoctoral research in the fields 
of cybersecurity and information assurance, includ-
ing the research areas described in section 4(a)(1), 
through the award of competitive, merit-based fel-
lowships. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Na-
tional Science Foundation such sums as are nec-
essary to carry out this subsection for each of the 
fiscal years 2010 through 2014.’’. 
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(h) PROHIBITION ON EARMARKS.—None of the funds 
appropriated under this section, and the amendments 
made by this section may be used for a Congressional ear-
mark as defined in clause 9(d) of rule XXI of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives. 
(i) COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY CAPACITY 
BUILDING
GRANTS—MANUFACTURING
EXTENSION 
PARTNERSHIP.—Section 5(a)(3) of the Cyber Security 
Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7404(a)(3)) is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subpara-
graph (I); 
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (J) as sub-
paragraph (K); and 
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (I) the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(J) establishing or enhancing collabora-
tion in computer and network security between 
community colleges, universities, and Manufac-
turing Extension Partnership Centers; and’’. 
SEC. 106. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP FOR SERVICE 
PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall carry out a Scholarship for Serv-
ice program to recruit and train the next generation of 
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Federal cybersecurity professionals and to increase the ca-
pacity of the higher education system to produce an infor-
mation technology workforce with the skills necessary to 
enhance the security of the Nation’s communications and 
information infrastructure. 
(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF PROGRAM.—The program 
under this section shall— 
(1) provide, through qualified institutions of 
higher education, scholarships that provide tuition, 
fees, and a competitive stipend for up to 2 years to 
students pursing a bachelor’s or master’s degree and 
up to 3 years to students pursuing a doctoral degree 
in a cybersecurity field; 
(2) provide the scholarship recipients with sum-
mer internship opportunities or other meaningful 
temporary appointments in the Federal information 
technology workforce or, at the discretion of the Di-
rector, with appropriate private sector entities; and 
(3) increase the capacity of institutions of high-
er education throughout all regions of the United 
States to produce highly qualified cybersecurity pro-
fessionals, through the award of competitive, merit- 
reviewed grants that support such activities as— 
(A) faculty professional development, in-
cluding technical, hands-on experiences in the 
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private sector or government, workshops, semi-
nars, conferences, and other professional devel-
opment opportunities that will result in im-
proved instructional capabilities; 
(B) institutional partnerships, including 
minority serving institutions and community 
colleges; 
(C) development of cybersecurity-related 
courses and curricula; and 
(D) outreach to secondary schools and 2- 
year institutions to increase the interest and re-
cruitment of students into cybersecurity-related 
fields. 
(c) SCHOLARSHIP REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) ELIGIBILITY.—Scholarships under this sec-
tion shall be available only to students who— 
(A) are citizens or permanent residents of 
the United States; 
(B) are full-time students in an eligible de-
gree program, as determined by the Director, 
that is focused on computer security or infor-
mation assurance at an awardee institution; 
and 
(C) accept the terms of a scholarship pur-
suant to this section. 
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(2) SELECTION.—Individuals shall be selected 
to receive scholarships primarily on the basis of aca-
demic merit, with consideration given to financial 
need, to the goal of promoting the participation of 
individuals identified in section 33 or 34 of the 
Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b), and to veterans. For 
purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘veteran’’ 
means a person who— 
(A) served on active duty (other than ac-
tive duty for training) in the Armed Forces of 
the United States for a period of more than 
180 consecutive days, and who was discharged 
or released therefrom under conditions other 
than dishonorable; or 
(B) served on active duty (other than ac-
tive duty for training) in the Armed Forces of 
the United States and was discharged or re-
leased from such service for a service-connected 
disability before serving 180 consecutive days. 
For purposes of subparagraph (B), the term ‘‘serv-
ice-connected’’ has the meaning given such term 
under section 101 of title 38, United States Code. 
(3) SERVICE OBLIGATION.—If an individual re-
ceives a scholarship under this section, as a condi-
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tion of receiving such scholarship, the individual 
upon completion of their degree must serve as a cy-
bersecurity professional within the Federal workforce 
for a period of time as provided in paragraph (5). 
If a scholarship recipient is not offered employment 
by a Federal agency or a federally funded research 
and development center, the service requirement can 
be satisfied at the Director’s discretion by— 
(A) serving as a cybersecurity professional 
in a State, local, or tribal government agency; 
or 
(B) teaching cybersecurity courses at an 
institution of higher education. 
(4) CONDITIONS OF SUPPORT.—As a condition 
of acceptance of a scholarship under this section, a 
recipient shall agree to provide the awardee institu-
tion with annual verifiable documentation of employ-
ment and up-to-date contact information. 
(5) LENGTH OF SERVICE.—The length of serv-
ice required in exchange for a scholarship under this 
subsection shall be as follows: 
(A) For a recipient in a bachelor’s degree 
program, 1 year more than the number of years 
for which the scholarship was received. 
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(B) For a recipient in a master’s degree 
program, 2 years more than the number of 
years for which the scholarship was received. 
(C) For a recipient in a doctorate degree 
program, 3 years more than the number of 
years for which the scholarship was received. 
(d) FAILURE TO COMPLETE SERVICE OBLIGATION.— 
(1) GENERAL RULE.—If an individual who has 
received a scholarship under this section— 
(A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of 
academic standing in the educational institution 
in which the individual is enrolled, as deter-
mined by the Director; 
(B) is dismissed from such educational in-
stitution for disciplinary reasons; 
(C) withdraws from the program for which 
the award was made before the completion of 
such program; 
(D) declares that the individual does not 
intend to fulfill the service obligation under this 
section; or 
(E) fails to fulfill the service obligation of 
the individual under this section, 
such individual shall be liable to the United States 
as provided in paragraph (3). 
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(2) MONITORING COMPLIANCE.—As a condition 
of participating in the program, a qualified institu-
tion of higher education receiving a grant under this 
section shall— 
(A) enter into an agreement with the Di-
rector of the National Science Foundation to 
monitor the compliance of scholarship recipients 
with respect to their service obligation; and 
(B) provide to the Director, on an annual 
basis, post-award employment information re-
quired under subsection (c)(4) for scholarship 
recipients through the completion of their serv-
ice obligation. 
(3) AMOUNT OF REPAYMENT.— 
(A) LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SERVICE.— 
If a circumstance described in paragraph (1) 
occurs before the completion of 1 year of a 
service obligation under this section, the total 
amount of awards received by the individual 
under this section shall be repaid or such 
amount shall be treated as a loan to be repaid 
in accordance with subparagraph (C). 
(B) MORE THAN ONE YEAR OF SERVICE.— 
If a circumstance described in subparagraph 
(D) or (E) of paragraph (1) occurs after the 
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completion of 1 year of a service obligation 
under this section, the total amount of scholar-
ship awards received by the individual under 
this section, reduced by the ratio of the number 
of years of service completed divided by the 
number of years of service required, shall be re-
paid or such amount shall be treated as a loan 
to be repaid in accordance with subparagraph 
(C). 
(C) REPAYMENTS.—A loan described in 
subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be treated as a 
Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loan 
under part D of title IV of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a and fol-
lowing), and shall be subject to repayment, to-
gether with interest thereon accruing from the 
date of the scholarship award, in accordance 
with terms and conditions specified by the Di-
rector (in consultation with the Secretary of 
Education) in regulations promulgated to carry 
out this paragraph. 
(4) COLLECTION OF REPAYMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—In the event that a 
scholarship recipient is required to repay the 
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scholarship under this subsection, the institu-
tion providing the scholarship shall— 
(i) be responsible for determining the 
repayment amounts and for notifying the 
recipient and the Director of the amount 
owed; and 
(ii) collect such repayment amount 
within a period of time as determined 
under the agreement described in para-
graph (2), or the repayment amount shall 
be treated as a loan in accordance with 
paragraph (3)(C). 
(B) RETURNED TO TREASURY.—Except as 
provided in subparagraph (C) of this para-
graph, any such repayment shall be returned to 
the Treasury of the United States. 
(C) RETAIN PERCENTAGE.—An institution 
of higher education may retain a percentage of 
any repayment the institution collects under 
this paragraph to defray administrative costs 
associated with the collection. The Director 
shall establish a single, fixed percentage that 
will apply to all eligible entities. 
(5) EXCEPTIONS.—The Director may provide 
for the partial or total waiver or suspension of any 
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TITLE II—ADVANCEMENT OF CY-
BERSECURITY 
TECHNICAL 
STANDARDS 
SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology. 
(2) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Institute’’ means 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 
SEC. 202. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL 
STANDARDS. 
The Director, in coordination with appropriate Fed-
eral authorities, shall— 
(1) ensure coordination of United States Gov-
ernment representation in the international develop-
ment of technical standards related to cybersecurity; 
and 
(2) not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of this Act, develop and transmit to the 
Congress a proactive plan to engage international 
standards bodies with respect to the development of 
technical standards related to cybersecurity. 
VerDate Nov 24 2008 
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