than 600 hundred people were injured, is condemned 
in the strongest terms; 
(5) violent attacks resulting in death, injury, 
imprisonment or threat of prosecution against hu-
manitarian aid workers and diplomatic personnel, as 
well as attacks on humanitarian supplies, facilities, 
transports, and assets, and acts to impede the access 
and secure movement of all humanitarian personnel 
are in violation of international humanitarian law 
and impede the lifesaving work of humanitarian or-
ganizations and diplomatic institutions; and 
(6) Assad’s continued claim of leadership and 
war crimes in Syria have served as a rallying point 
for the extremist ideology of the Islamic State, 
Jabhat al-Nusra, and other terrorist organizations. 
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States that all diplo-
matic and coercive economic means should be utilized to 
compel the government of Bashar al-Assad to immediately 
halt the wholesale slaughter of the Syrian people and to 
support an immediate transition to a democratic govern-
ment in Syria that respects the rule of law, human rights, 
and peaceful co-existence with its neighbors. 
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TITLE
I—ADDITIONAL
ACTIONS 
IN
CONNECTION
WITH
THE 
NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH 
RESPECT TO SYRIA 
SEC. 101. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CENTRAL BANK 
OF SYRIA AND FOREIGN PERSONS THAT EN-
GAGE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS. 
(a) APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MEASURES TO CEN-
TRAL BANK OF SYRIA.—Except as provided in subsections 
(a) and (b) of section 402, the President shall apply the 
measures described in section 5318A(b)(5) of title 31, 
United States Code, to the Central Bank of Syria. 
(b) BLOCKING PROPERTY
OF FOREIGN PERSONS 
THAT ENGAGE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on and after the 
date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall impose on a foreign 
person the sanctions described in subsection (c) if 
the President determines that such foreign person, 
on or after such date of enactment, knowingly en-
gages in an activity described in paragraph (2). 
(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—A foreign person 
engages in an activity described in this paragraph if 
the foreign person— 
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(A) knowingly provides significant finan-
cial, material or technological support to (in-
cluding engaging in or facilitating a significant 
transaction or transactions with) or provides 
significant financial services for— 
(i) the Government of Syria (including 
government entities operating as a busi-
ness enterprise) and the Central Bank of 
Syria, or any of its agencies or instrumen-
talities; or 
(ii) a foreign person subject to sanc-
tions pursuant to— 
(I) the International Emergency 
Economic
Powers
Act
(50
U.S.C. 
1701 et seq.) with respect to Syria or 
any other provision of law that im-
poses sanctions with respect to Syria; 
or 
(II) a resolution that is agreed to 
by the United Nations Security Coun-
cil that imposes sanctions with respect 
to Syria; 
(B) knowingly— 
(i) sells or provides significant goods, 
services, technology, information, or other 
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support that directly and significantly fa-
cilitates the maintenance or expansion of 
the Government of Syria’s domestic pro-
duction of natural gas or petroleum or pe-
troleum products of Syrian origin in areas 
controlled by the Government of Syria or 
associated forces; 
(ii) sells or provides to the Govern-
ment of Syria crude oil or condensate, re-
fined petroleum products, liquefied natural 
gas, or petrochemical products that have a 
fair market value of $500,000 or more or 
that during a 12-month period have an ag-
gregate fair market value of $2,000,000 or 
more in areas controlled by the Govern-
ment of Syria or associated forces; 
(iii) sells or provides aircraft or spare 
parts, or provides significant goods, serv-
ices, or technologies associated with the op-
eration of such aircraft or air carriers to 
any foreign person operating in areas con-
trolled by the Government of Syria or asso-
ciated forces that are used, in whole or in 
part, for military purposes; or 
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(iv) sells or provides significant goods, 
services, or technology to a foreign person 
operating in the shipping (including ports 
and free trade zones), transportation, or 
telecommunications sectors in areas con-
trolled by the Government of Syria or asso-
ciated forces; 
(C) knowingly facilitates efforts by a for-
eign person to carry out an activity described in 
subparagraph (A) or (B); or 
(D) knowingly provides significant loans, 
credits, including export credits, or financing to 
carry out an activity described in subparagraph 
(A) or (B). 
(c) SANCTIONS AGAINST A FOREIGN PERSON.—The 
sanctions to be imposed on a foreign person described in 
subsection (b) are the following: 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exercise 
all of the powers granted to the President under the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
and prohibit all transactions in property and inter-
ests in property of the foreign person if such prop-
erty and interests in property are in the United 
States, come within the United States, or are or 
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come within the possession or control of a United 
States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
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issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and 
(II)
shall
automatically
cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(4) PENALTIES.—The penalties provided for in 
subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-
national
Emergency
Economic
Powers
Act
(50 
U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a person that knowingly 
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violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or 
causes a violation of regulations promulgated under 
section 501(a) to carry out paragraph (1) of this 
subsection to the same extent that such penalties 
apply to a person that knowingly commits an unlaw-
ful act described in section 206(a) of that Act. 
SEC. 102. PROHIBITIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE TRANSFER 
OF
ARMS
AND
RELATED
MATERIALS
TO 
SYRIA. 
(a) SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on and after the 
date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall impose on a foreign 
person the sanctions described in subsection (b) if 
the President determines that such foreign person, 
on or after such date of enactment, knowingly ex-
ports, transfers, or provides significant financial, 
material, or technological support to the Government 
of Syria to— 
(A) acquire or develop chemical, biological, 
or nuclear weapons or related technologies; 
(B) acquire or develop ballistic or cruise 
missile capabilities; 
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(C) acquire or develop destabilizing num-
bers and types of advanced conventional weap-
ons; or 
(D) acquire defense articles, defense serv-
ices, or defense information (as such terms are 
defined under the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.)), if the President deter-
mines that a significant type or amount of such 
articles, services, or information has been so ac-
quired. 
(2) APPLICABILITY TO OTHER FOREIGN PER-
SONS.—The sanctions described in subsection (b) 
shall also be imposed on any foreign person that is 
a successor entity to a foreign person described in 
paragraph (1). 
(b) SANCTIONS AGAINST A FOREIGN PERSON.—The 
sanctions to be imposed on a foreign person described in 
subsection (a) are the following: 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exercise 
all powers granted by the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to 
the extent necessary to freeze and prohibit all trans-
actions in all property and interests in property of 
the foreign person if such property and interests in 
property are in the United States, come within the 
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United States, or are or come within the possession 
or control of a United States person. 
(2) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, 
OR PAROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (a) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
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issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (a) regard-
less of when issued. 
(ii) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A rev-
ocation under clause (i)— 
(I) shall take effect immediately; 
and 
(II)
shall
automatically
cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
(4) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 
violation of any regulation, license, or order issued 
to carry out this section shall be subject to the pen-
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alties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 
206 of the International Emergency Economic Pow-
ers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a 
person that commits an unlawful act described in 
subsection (a) of that section. 
SEC. 103. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this title shall be construed to limit the 
authority of the President pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.). 
SEC. 104. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms ‘‘admitted’’ 
and ‘‘alien’’ have the meanings given such terms in 
section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act 
(8 U.S.C. 1101). 
(2) FINANCIAL, MATERIAL, OR TECHNOLOGICAL 
SUPPORT.—The term ‘‘financial, material, or techno-
logical support’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 542.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regula-
tions, as such section was in effect on the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
(3) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign per-
son’’ means any citizen or national of a foreign 
country, or any entity not organized solely under the 
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laws of the United States or existing solely in the 
United States. 
(4) GOVERNMENT OF SYRIA.—The term ‘‘Gov-
ernment of Syria’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 542.305 of title 31, Code of Federal Reg-
ulations, as such section was in effect on the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
(5) KNOWINGLY.—The term ‘‘knowingly’’ has 
the meaning given such term in section 566.312 of 
title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such sec-
tion was in effect on the date of the enactment of 
this Act. 
(6) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’ means an in-
dividual or entity. 
(7) PETROLEUM OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS OF 
SYRIAN ORIGIN.—The term ‘‘petroleum or petroleum 
products of Syrian origin’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 542.314 of title 31, Code of 
Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect on 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(8)
SIGNIFICANT
TRANSACTION
OR
TRANS-
ACTIONS;
SIGNIFICANT
FINANCIAL
SERVICES.—A 
transaction or transactions or financial services shall 
be determined to be a significant for purposes of this 
section in accordance with section 566.404 of title 
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31, Code of Federal Regulations, as such section 
was in effect on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(9) SYRIA.—The term ‘‘Syria’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 542.316 of title 31, Code 
of Federal Regulations, as such section was in effect 
on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(10)
UNITED
STATES
PERSON.—The
term 
‘‘United States person’’ means any United States 
citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized 
under the laws of the United States (including for-
eign branches), or any person in the United States. 
TITLE
II—AMENDMENTS
TO 
SYRIA
HUMAN
RIGHTS
AC-
COUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012 
SEC. 201. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE 
FOR
OR
COMPLICIT
IN
HUMAN
RIGHTS 
ABUSES COMMITTED AGAINST CITIZENS OF 
SYRIA OR THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 702(c) of the Syria 
Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 
8791(c)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(c) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall exer-
cise all powers granted by the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.) to the extent necessary to freeze and prohibit 
all transactions in all property and interests in prop-
erty of a person on the list required by subsection 
(b) if such property and interests in property are in 
the United States, come within the United States, or 
are or come within the possession or control of a 
United States person. 
‘‘(2) ALIENS
INELIGIBLE
FOR
VISAS,
ADMIS-
SION, OR PAROLE.— 
‘‘(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An 
alien who the Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) knows, or has reason 
to believe, meets any of the criteria described in 
subsection (b) is— 
‘‘(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
‘‘(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or 
other documentation to enter the United 
States; and 
‘‘(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admit-
ted or paroled into the United States or to 
receive any other benefit under the Immi-
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gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101 et seq.). 
‘‘(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The issuing con-
sular officer, the Secretary of State, or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
ignee of one of such Secretaries) shall re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien who meets any of the 
criteria described in subsection (b) regard-
less of when issued. 
‘‘(ii)
EFFECT
OF
REVOCATION.—A 
revocation under clause (i)— 
‘‘(I)
shall
take
effect
imme-
diately; and 
‘‘(II) shall automatically cancel 
any other valid visa or entry docu-
mentation that is in the alien’s pos-
session. 
‘‘(3) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 
violation of this section or any regulation, license, or 
order issued to carry out this section shall be subject 
to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 
of section 206 of the International Emergency Eco-
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nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same ex-
tent as a person that commits an unlawful act de-
scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 
‘‘(4) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—The President 
shall, not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this section, promulgate regulations as 
necessary for the implementation of this section. 
‘‘(5) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (2) shall not apply to an alien if 
admitting the alien into the United States is nec-
essary to permit the United States to comply with 
the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the 
United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, 
or other applicable international obligations. 
‘‘(6) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this section shall be construed to limit the authority 
of
the
President
pursuant
to
the
International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 
et seq.), relevant Executive orders, regulations, or 
other provisions of law.’’. 
(b) SERIOUS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES DESCRIBED.— 
Section 702 of the Syria Human Rights Accountability 
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Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(d)
SERIOUS
HUMAN
RIGHTS
ABUSES
DE-
SCRIBED.—In subsection (b), the term ‘serious human 
rights abuses’ includes— 
‘‘(1) the deliberate targeting of civilian infra-
structure to include schools, hospitals, markets, and 
other infrastructure that is essential to human life, 
such as power and water systems; and 
‘‘(2)
the
deliberate
diversion,
hindering,
or 
blocking of access for humanitarian purposes, in-
cluding access across conflict lines and borders.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsections (a) and (b) shall take effect on the date of 
the enactment of this Act and shall apply with respect to 
the imposition of sanctions under section 702(a) of the 
Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 on after 
such date of enactment. 
SEC. 202. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
THE
TRANSFER
OF
GOODS
OR
TECH-
NOLOGIES TO SYRIA THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE 
USED TO COMMIT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. 
Section 703(b)(2)(C) of the Syria Human Rights Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8792(b)(2)(C)) is 
amended— 
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(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end; 
(2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iii) any article— 
‘‘(I) designated by the President 
for purposes of the United States Mu-
nitions List under section 38(a)(1) of 
the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)); and 
‘‘(II) with respect to which the 
President determines is significant for 
purposes of the imposition of sanc-
tions under subsection (a); or 
‘‘(iv) other goods or technologies that 
the President determines may be used by 
the Government of Syria to commit human 
rights abuses against the people of Syria.’’. 
SEC. 203. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
PERSONS WHO HINDER HUMANITARIAN AC-
CESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Syria Human Rights Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791 et seq.) is 
amended— 
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(1) by redesignating sections 705 and 706 as 
sections 706 and 707, respectively; 
(2) by inserting after section 704 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 705. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
PERSONS WHO HINDER HUMANITARIAN AC-
CESS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose sanc-
tions described in section 702(c) with respect to each per-
son on the list required by subsection (b). 
‘‘(b) LIST
OF PERSONS WHO HINDER HUMANI-
TARIAN ACCESS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Caesar Syria 
Civilian Protection Act of 2017, the President shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a list of persons that the President determines have 
engaged in deliberate diversion, hindering, or block-
ing of access for humanitarian purposes for the 
United Nations, its specialized agencies and imple-
menting partners, national and international non-
governmental organizations, and all other actors en-
gaged in humanitarian relief activities in Syria, in-
cluding through the deliberate targeting of such hu-
manitarian actors and activities in Syria and across 
conflict lines and borders. 
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‘‘(2) UPDATES OF LIST.—The President shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
an updated list under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) not later than 300 days after the date 
of the enactment of the Caesar Syria Civilian 
Protection Act of 2017 and every 180 days 
thereafter; and 
‘‘(B) as new information becomes avail-
able. 
‘‘(3) FORM.—The list required by paragraph 
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 
contain a classified annex.’’; and 
(3) in section 706 (as so redesignated), by 
striking ‘‘or 704’’ and inserting ‘‘704, or 705’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
704 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 705. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons who hinder humani-
tarian access.’’. 
SEC. 204. REPORT ON CERTAIN PERSONS WHO ARE RE-
SPONSIBLE FOR OR COMPLICIT IN CERTAIN 
HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN SYRIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a detailed 
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report with respect to whether each person described in 
subsection (c) meets the requirements described in section 
702(b) of the Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 
2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791(b)) for purposes of inclusion on the 
list of persons who are responsible for or complicit in cer-
tain human rights abuses under such section. 
(b) JUSTIFICATION.—The President shall include in 
the report required by subsection (a) a description of the 
reasons why any of the persons described in subsection 
(c) do not meet the requirements described in section 
702(b) of the Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 
2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791(b)), including information on 
whether sufficient credible evidence of responsibility for 
such abuses was found or whether any of the persons de-
scribed in subsection (c) have been designated pursuant 
to— 
(1) Executive Order No. 13572 of April 29, 
2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 24787; relating to blocking 
property of certain persons with respect to human 
rights abuses in Syria); 
(2) Executive Order No. 13573 of May 18, 
2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 29143; relating to blocking 
property of senior officials of the Government of 
Syria); 
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(3) Executive Order No. 13582 of August 17, 
2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 52209; relating to blocking 
property of the Government of Syria and prohibiting 
certain transactions with respect to Syria); or 
(4) Executive Order No. 13606 of April 22, 
2012 (77 Fed. Reg. 24571; relating to blocking the 
property and suspending entry into the United 
States of certain persons with respect to grave 
human rights abuses by the Governments of Iran 
and Syria via information technology). 
(c) PERSONS DESCRIBED.—The persons described in 
this subsection are the following: 
(1) Bashar Al-Assad. 
(2) Asma Al-Assad. 
(3) Rami Makhlouf. 
(4) Bouthayna Shaaban. 
(5) Walid Moallem. 
(6) Ali Al-Salim. 
(7) Wael Nader Al-Halqi. 
(8) Jamil Hassan. 
(9) Suhail Hassan. 
(10) Ali Mamluk. 
(11) Muhammed Khadour, Deir Ez Zor Mili-
tary and Security. 
(12) Jamal Razzouq, Security Branch 243. 
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(33) Abdullatif Al-Fahed, Security Branch 290. 
(34) Adeeb Namer Salamah, Air Force Intel-
ligence. 
(35) Akram Muhammed, State Security. 
(36) Reyad Abbas, Political Security. 
(37) Ali Abdullah Ayoub, Syrian Armed Forces. 
(38) Fahd Jassem Al-Freij, Defense Ministry. 
(39) Issam Halaq, Air Force. 
(40) Ghassan Al-Abdullah, General Intelligence 
Directorate. 
(41) Maher Al-Assad, Republican Guard. 
(42) Fahad Al-Farouch. 
(43) Rafiq Shahada, Military Intelligence. 
(44) Loay Al-Ali, Military Intelligence. 
(45) Nawfal Al-Husayn, Military Intelligence. 
(46) Muhammad Zamrini, Military Intelligence. 
(47)
Muhammad
Mahallah,
Military
Intel-
ligence. 
(d) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex if necessary. 
(e) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, the Committee on 
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Ways and Means, and the Committee on the Judici-
ary of the House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af-
fairs, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the Senate. 
TITLE III—REPORTS AND WAIV-
ER
FOR
HUMANITARIAN-RE-
LATED ACTIVITIES WITH RE-
SPECT TO SYRIA 
SEC. 301. BRIEFING ON MONITORING AND EVALUATING OF 
ONGOING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN SYRIA 
AND TO THE SYRIAN PEOPLE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
and the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development shall brief the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the 
monitoring and evaluation of ongoing assistance programs 
in Syria and for the Syrian people, including assistance 
provided through multilateral organizations. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The briefing re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include— 
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(1) the specific project monitoring and evalua-
tion efforts, including measurable goals and per-
formance metrics for assistance in Syria; 
(2) a description of the memoranda of under-
standing entered into by the Department of State, 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, and their respective Inspectors General and 
the multilateral organizations through which United 
States assistance will be delivered that formalize re-
quirements for the sharing of information between 
such entities for the conduct of audits, investiga-
tions, and evaluations; and 
(3) the major challenges to monitoring and 
evaluating such programs. 
SEC. 302. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL METHODS TO EN-
HANCE THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that— 
(1) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements of the establishment 
and maintenance of a no-fly zone over part or all of 
Syria, including— 
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(A) the operational and legal requirements 
for United States and coalition air power to es-
tablish a no-fly zone in Syria; 
(B) the impact a no-fly zone in Syria 
would have on humanitarian and counterter-
rorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding re-
gion; and 
(C) the potential for force contributions 
from other countries to establish a no-fly zone 
in Syria; 
(2) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements for the establishment 
of one or more safe zones in Syria for internally dis-
placed persons or for the facilitation of humani-
tarian assistance, including— 
(A) the operational and legal requirements 
for United States and coalition forces to estab-
lish one or more safe zones in Syria; 
(B) the impact one or more safe zones in 
Syria would have on humanitarian and counter-
terrorism efforts in Syria and the surrounding 
region; and 
(C) the potential for contributions from 
other countries and vetted non-state actor part-
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ners to establish and maintain one or more safe 
zones in Syria; 
(3) assesses the potential effectiveness, risks, 
and operational requirements of other non-military 
means to enhance the protection of civilians, espe-
cially civilians who are in besieged areas, trapped at 
borders, or internally displaced; and 
(4) describes the Administration’s plan for re-
cruitment, training, and retention of partner forces, 
including— 
(A) identification of the United States 
partner forces operating on the ground; 
(B) the primary source of strength for 
each armed actor engaged in hostilities; 
(C)
the
capabilities,
requirements,
and 
vulnerabilities of each armed actor; 
(D) the United States role in mitigating 
vulnerabilities of partner forces; and 
(E) the Administration’s measures of suc-
cess for partner forces, including— 
(i) increasing Syrian civilian security; 
and 
(ii) working toward an end to the con-
flict in Syria. 
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(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain 
a classified annex if necessary. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—The report required by sub-
section (a) shall be informed by consultations with the De-
partment of State, the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development, the Department of Defense, and 
international and local organizations operating in Syria or 
in neighboring countries to alleviate the suffering of the 
Syrian people. 
(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 
SEC. 303. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT ENTITIES TAKING AC-
TIONS RELATING TO GATHERING EVIDENCE 
FOR INVESTIGATIONS INTO WAR CRIMES OR 
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY IN SYRIA SINCE 
MARCH 2011. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, the Secretary of State, acting through the As-
sistant Secretary for Democracy, Human Rights and 
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Labor and the Assistant Secretary for International Nar-
cotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, is authorized to pro-
vide assistance to support entities that are conducting 
criminal investigations, building Syrian investigative ca-
pacity, supporting prosecutions in national courts, col-
lecting evidence and preserving the chain of evidence for 
eventual prosecution against those who have committed 
war crimes or crimes against humanity in Syria, including 
the aiding and abetting of such crimes by foreign govern-
ments and organizations supporting the Government of 
Syria, since March 2011. 
(b) BRIEFING.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
brief the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate on assistance provided under subsection (a). 
TITLE
IV—SUSPENSION
OF 
SANCTIONS
WITH
RESPECT 
TO SYRIA 
SEC. 401. SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
SYRIA. 
(a) SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.— 
(1)
NEGOTIATIONS
NOT
CONCLUDING
IN 
AGREEMENT.—If
the
President
determines
that 
internationally recognized negotiations to resolve the 
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violence in Syria have not concluded in an agree-
ment or are likely not to conclude in an agreement, 
the President may suspend, as appropriate, in whole 
or in part, the imposition of sanctions otherwise re-
quired under this Act or any amendment made by 
this Act for a period not to exceed 120 days, and re-
newable for additional periods not to exceed 120 
days, if the President submits to the appropriate 
congressional committees in writing a determination 
and certification that the Government of Syria has 
ended military attacks against and gross violations 
of the human rights of the Syrian people, specifi-
cally— 
(A) the air space over Syria is no longer 
being utilized by the Government of Syria and 
associated forces to target civilian populations 
through the use of incendiary devices, including 
barrel bombs, chemical weapons, and conven-
tional arms, including air-delivered missiles and 
explosives; 
(B) areas besieged by the Assad regime 
and associated forces, including Hezbollah and 
irregular Iranian forces, are no longer cut off 
from international aid and have regular access 
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to humanitarian assistance, freedom of travel, 
and medical care; 
(C) the Government of Syria is releasing 
all political prisoners forcibly held within the 
Assad regime prison system, including the fa-
cilities maintained by various security, intel-
ligence, and military elements associated with 
the Government of Syria and allowed full access 
to the same facilities for investigations by ap-
propriate international human rights organiza-
tions; and 
(D) the forces of the Government of Syria 
and associated forces, including Hezbollah, ir-
regular Iranian forces, and Russian government 
air assets, are no longer engaged in deliberate 
targeting of medical facilities, schools, residen-
tial areas, and community gathering places, in-
cluding markets, in flagrant violation of inter-
national norms. 
(2) NEGOTIATIONS
CONCLUDING
IN
AGREE-
MENT.— 
(A) INITIAL SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.— 
If the President determines that internationally 
recognized negotiations to resolve the violence 
in Syria have concluded in an agreement or are 
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likely to conclude in an agreement, the Presi-
dent may suspend, as appropriate, in whole or 
in part, the imposition of sanctions otherwise 
required under this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act for a period not to exceed 120 
days if the President submits to the appropriate 
congressional committees in writing a deter-
mination and certification that— 
(i) in the case in which the negotia-
tions are likely to conclude in an agree-
ment— 
(I) the Government of Syria, the 
Syrian High Negotiations Committee 
or its internationally-recognized suc-
cessor, and appropriate international 
parties
are
participating
in
direct, 
face-to-face negotiations; and 
(II) the suspension of sanctions 
under this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act is essential to the 
advancement of such negotiations; and 
(ii) the Government of Syria has dem-
onstrated a commitment to a significant 
and substantial reduction in attacks on 
and violence against the Syrian people by 
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the Government of Syria and associated 
forces. 
(B) RENEWAL OF SUSPENSION OF SANC-
TIONS.—The President may renew a suspension 
of sanctions under subparagraph (A) for addi-
tional periods not to exceed 120 days if, for 
each such additional period, the President sub-
mits to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees in writing a determination and certification 
that— 
(i) the conditions described in clauses 
(i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A) are con-
tinuing to be met; 
(ii) the renewal of the suspension of 
sanctions is essential to implementing an 
agreement described in subparagraph (A) 
or making progress toward concluding an 
agreement described in subparagraph (A); 
(iii) the Government of Syria and as-
sociated forces have ceased attacks against 
Syrian civilians; and 
(iv) the Government of Syria has pub-
licly committed to negotiations for a tran-
sitional government in Syria and continues 
to demonstrate that commitment through 
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sustained engagement in talks and sub-
stantive and verifiable progress towards 
the implementation of such an agreement. 
(3) BRIEFING
AND
REIMPOSITION
OF
SANC-
TIONS.— 
(A) BRIEFING.—Not later than 30 days 
after the President submits to the appropriate 
congressional committees a determination and 
certification in the case of a renewal of suspen-
sion of sanctions under paragraph (2)(B), and 
every 30 days thereafter, the President shall 
provide a briefing to the appropriate congres-
sional committees on the status and frequency 
of negotiations described in paragraph (2). 
(B)
RE-IMPOSITION
OF
SANCTIONS.—If 
the President provides a briefing to the appro-
priate congressional committees under subpara-
graph (A) with respect to which the President 
indicates a lapse in negotiations described in 
paragraph (2) for a period that equals or ex-
ceeds 90 days, the sanctions that were sus-
pended under paragraph (2)(B) shall be re-im-
posed and any further suspension of such sanc-
tions is prohibited. 
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(4) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the
Committee
on
Banking,
Housing,
and 
Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, and 
the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR 
DETERMINING
A
TRANSITIONAL
GOVERNMENT
IN 
SYRIA.—It is the sense of Congress that a transitional 
government in Syria is a government that— 
(1) is taking verifiable steps to release all polit-
ical prisoners and is providing full access to Syrian 
prisons
for
investigations
by
appropriate
inter-
national human rights organizations; 
(2) is taking verifiable steps to remove former 
senior Syrian Government officials who are complicit 
in the conception, implementation, or cover up of 
war crimes, crimes against humanity, or human 
rights abuses and any person subject to sanctions 
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under any provision of law from government posi-
tions; 
(3) is in the process of organizing free and fair 
elections for a new government— 
(A) to be held in a timely manner and 
scheduled while the suspension of sanctions or 
the renewal of the suspension of sanctions 
under this section is in effect; and 
(B) to be conducted under the supervision 
of internationally recognized observers; 
(4) is making tangible progress toward estab-
lishing an independent judiciary; 
(5) is demonstrating respect for and compliance 
with internationally recognized human rights and 
basic freedoms as specified in the Universal Declara-
tion of Human Rights; 
(6) is taking steps to verifiably fulfill its com-
mitments under the Chemical Weapons Convention 
and the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear 
Weapons and is making tangible progress toward be-
coming a signatory to Convention on the Prohibition 
of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of 
Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and 
on their Destruction, entered into force March 26, 
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1975, and adhering to the Missile Technology Con-
trol Regime and other control lists, as necessary; 
(7) has halted the development and deployment 
of ballistic and cruise missiles; and 
(8) is taking verifiable steps to remove from po-
sitions of authority within the intelligence and secu-
rity services as well as the military those who were 
in a position of authority or responsibility during the 
conflict and who under the authority of their posi-
tion were implicated in or implicit in the torture, 
extrajudicial killing, or execution of civilians, to in-
clude those who were involved in decisionmaking or 
execution of plans to use chemical weapons. 
SEC. 402. WAIVERS AND EXEMPTIONS. 
(a)
EXEMPTIONS.—The
following
activities
and 
transactions shall be exempt from sanctions authorized 
under this Act or any amendment made by this Act: 
(1) Any activity subject to the reporting re-
quirements under title V of the National Security 
Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.), or to any au-
thorized intelligence activities of the United States. 
(2) Any transaction necessary to comply with 
United States obligations under— 
(A) the Agreement between the United Na-
tions and the United States of America regard-
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ing the Headquarters of the United Nations, 
signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and en-
tered into force November 21, 1947; 
(B) the Convention on Consular Relations, 
done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered 
into force March 19, 1967; or 
(C) any other international agreement to 
which the United States is a party. 
(b) HUMANITARIAN, STABILIZATION, AND DEMOC-
RACY ASSISTANCE WAIVER.— 
(1) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the 
policy of the United States to fully utilize the waiver 
authority under this subsection to ensure that ade-
quate humanitarian relief or support for stabilization 
and democracy promotion is provided to the Syrian 
people. 
(2) WAIVER.—Except as provided in paragraph 
(5) and subsection (d), the President may waive, on 
a case-by-case basis, for a period not to exceed 1 
year, and renewable for additional periods not to ex-
ceed 1 year, the application of sanctions authorized 
under this Act with respect to a person if the Presi-
dent submits to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a written determination that the waiver is 
necessary for purposes of providing humanitarian or 
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stabilization assistance or support for democracy 
promotion to the people of Syria. 
(3) CONTENT OF WRITTEN DETERMINATION.— 
A written determination submitted under paragraph 
(2) with respect to a waiver shall include a descrip-
tion of all notification and accountability controls 
that have been employed in order to ensure that the 
activities covered by the waiver are humanitarian or 
stabilization assistance or support for democracy 
promotion and do not entail any activities in Syria 
or dealings with the Government of Syria not rea-
sonably related to humanitarian or stabilization as-
sistance or support for democracy promotion. 
(4) CLARIFICATION OF PERMITTED ACTIVITIES 
UNDER
WAIVER.—The President may not impose 
sanctions authorized under this Act against a hu-
manitarian organization for— 
(A) engaging in a financial transaction re-
lating to humanitarian assistance or for human-
itarian purposes pursuant to a waiver issued 
under paragraph (2); 
(B) transporting goods or services that are 
necessary to carry out operations relating to 
humanitarian assistance or humanitarian pur-
poses pursuant to such a waiver; or 
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(C) having incidental contact, in the course 
of providing humanitarian assistance or aid for 
humanitarian
purposes
pursuant
to
such
a 
waiver, with individuals who are under the con-
trol of a foreign person subject to sanctions 
under this Act or any amendment made by this 
Act unless the organization or its officers, mem-
bers, representatives or employees have engaged 
in (or the President knows or has reasonable 
ground to believe is engaged in or is likely to 
engage
in)
conduct
described
in
section 
212(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI) of the Immigration and 
Nationality
Act
(8
U.S.C. 
1182(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI)). 
(5) EXCEPTION TO WAIVER AUTHORITY.—The 
President may not exercise the waiver authority 
under paragraph (2) with respect to a foreign person 
who has (or whose officers, members, representatives 
or employees have) engaged in (or the President 
knows or has reasonable ground to believe is en-
gaged in or is likely to engage in) conduct described 
in section 212(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI) of the Immigration 
and
Nationality
Act
(8
U.S.C. 
1182(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI)). 
(c) WAIVER.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may, for peri-
ods not to exceed 120 days, waive the application of 
sanctions under this Act with respect to a foreign 
person if the President certifies to the appropriate 
congressional committees that such waiver is vital to 
the national security interests of the United States. 
(2) CONSULTATION.— 
(A) BEFORE WAIVER ISSUED.—Not later 
than 5 days before the issuance of a waiver 
under paragraph (1) is to take effect, the Presi-
dent shall notify and brief the appropriate con-
gressional committees on the status of the for-
eign person’s involvement in activities described 
in this Act. 
(B) AFTER
WAIVER
ISSUED.—Not later 
than 90 days after the issuance of a waiver 
under paragraph (1), and every 120 days there-
after if the waiver remains in effect, the Presi-
dent shall brief the appropriate congressional 
committees on the status of the foreign person’s 
involvement in activities described in this Act. 
(3) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Financial Services, the Com-
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mittee on Ways and Means, and the Committee 
on the Judiciary of the House of Representa-
tives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 
the
Committee
on
Banking,
Housing,
and 
Urban Affairs, the Committee on Finance, and 
the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate. 
(d) CODIFICATION OF CERTAIN SERVICES IN SUP-
PORT OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS’ ACTIVI-
TIES AUTHORIZED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), section 542.516 of title 31, Code of Fed-
eral Regulations (relating to certain services in sup-
port of nongovernmental organizations’ activities au-
thorized), as in effect on the day before the date of 
the enactment of this Act, shall— 
(A) remain in effect on and after such date 
of enactment; and 
(B) in the case of a nongovernmental orga-
nization that is authorized to export or reexport 
services to Syria under such section on the day 
before such date of enactment, shall apply to 
such organization on and after such date of en-
actment to the same extent and in the same 
manner as such section applied to such organi-
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zation on the day before such date of enact-
ment. 
(2) EXCEPTION.—Section 542.516 of title 31, 
Code of Federal Regulations, as codified under para-
graph (1), shall not apply with respect to a foreign 
person who has (or whose officers, members, rep-
resentatives or employees have) engaged in (or the 
President knows or has reasonable ground to believe 
is engaged in or is likely to engage in) conduct de-
scribed in section 212(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI) of the Immi-
gration
and
Nationality
Act
(8
U.S.C. 
1182(a)(3)(B)(iv)(VI)). 
(e) STRATEGY REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
President shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report containing a strategy to 
ensure that humanitarian organizations can access 
financial services to ensure the safe and timely deliv-
ery of assistance to communities in need in Syria. 
(2) CONSIDERATION
OF
DATA
FROM
OTHER 
COUNTRIES
AND
NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—In preparing the strategy required by para-
graph (1), the President shall consider credible data 
already obtained by other countries and nongovern-
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mental organizations, including organizations oper-
ating in Syria. 
(3) FORM.—The strategy required by para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but 
may contain a classified annex. 
TITLE
V—REGULATORY
AU-
THORITY, COST LIMITATION, 
AND SUNSET 
SEC. 501. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGULATORY AUTHORI-
TIES. 
(a) IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY.—The President 
may exercise all authorities provided to the President 
under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) 
for purposes of carrying out this Act and the amendments 
made by this Act. 
(b) REGULATORY AUTHORITY.—The President shall, 
not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, promulgate regulations as necessary for the 
implementation of this Act and the amendments made by 
this Act. 
(c) BRIEFING TO CONGRESS.—Not less than 10 days 
before the promulgation of regulations under subsection 
(a), the President shall brief the appropriate congressional 
committees on the proposed regulations and the provisions 
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of this Act and the amendments made by this Act that 
the regulations are implementing. 
(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af-
fairs of the Senate. 
SEC. 502. COST LIMITATION. 
No additional funds are authorized to carry out the 
requirements of this Act and the amendments made by 
this Act. Such requirements shall be carried out using 
amounts otherwise authorized. 
SEC. 503. AUTHORITY TO CONSOLIDATE REPORTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Any reports required to be sub-
mitted to the appropriate congressional committees under 
this Act or any amendment made by this Act that are sub-
ject to a deadline for submission consisting of the same 
unit of time may be consolidated into a single report that 
is submitted to appropriate congressional committees pur-
suant to such deadline. The consolidated reports shall con-
tain all information required under this Act or any amend-
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ment made by this Act, in addition to all other elements 
mandated by previous law. 
(b) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘appro-
priate congressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af-
fairs of the Senate. 
SEC. 504. SUNSET. 
This Act shall cease to be effective beginning on De-
cember 31, 2021. 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2018’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
Sec. 2. Statement of policy. 
TITLE I—ADDITIONAL ACTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT TO SYRIA 
Sec. 101. Measures with respect to Central Bank of Syria. 
Sec. 102. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons that engage in certain trans-
actions. 
Sec. 103. Strategy relating to areas of Syria in which civilians are subject to 
forced displacement. 
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TITLE II—AMENDMENTS TO SYRIA HUMAN RIGHTS 
ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012 
Sec. 201. Imposition of sanctions with respect to certain persons who are respon-
sible for or complicit in human rights abuses committed against 
citizens of Syria or their family members. 
Sec. 202. Imposition of sanctions with respect to the transfer of goods or tech-
nologies to Syria that are likely to be used to commit human 
rights abuses. 
TITLE III—ASSISTANCE FOR THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA 
Sec. 301. Briefing on monitoring and evaluating of ongoing assistance programs 
in Syria and to the Syrian people. 
Sec. 302. Assessment of potential methods to enhance the protection of civilians. 
Sec. 303. Assistance to support entities taking actions relating to gathering evi-
dence for investigations into war crimes or crimes against hu-
manity in Syria since March 2011. 
Sec. 304. Codification of certain services in support of nongovernmental organiza-
tions’ activities authorized. 
Sec. 305. Briefing on strategy to facilitate humanitarian assistance. 
TITLE IV—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 401. Suspension of sanctions. 
Sec. 402. Waivers and exemptions. 
Sec. 403. Implementation and regulatory authorities. 
Sec. 404. Cost limitation. 
Sec. 405. Authority to consolidate reports. 
Sec. 406. Rule of construction. 
Sec. 407. Sunset. 
SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States that diplomatic 
and coercive economic means should be utilized to compel 
the government of Bashar al-Assad to halt its murderous 
attacks on the Syrian people and to support a transition 
to a government in Syria that respects the rule of law, 
human rights, and peaceful co-existence with its neighbors. 
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TITLE I—ADDITIONAL ACTIONS 
IN CONNECTION WITH THE 
NATIONAL EMERGENCY WITH 
RESPECT TO SYRIA 
SEC. 101. MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO CENTRAL BANK OF 
SYRIA. 
(a) DETERMINATION REGARDING CENTRAL BANK OF 
SYRIA.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall deter-
mine, under section 5318A of title 31, United States Code, 
whether reasonable grounds exist for concluding that the 
Central Bank of Syria is a financial institution of primary 
money laundering concern. 
(b) ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE AND REPORTING RE-
QUIREMENTS.—If the Secretary of the Treasury determines 
under subsection (a) that reasonable grounds exist for con-
cluding that the Central Bank of Syria is a financial insti-
tution of primary money laundering concern, the Secretary, 
in consultation with the Federal functional regulators (as 
defined in section 509 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (15 
U.S.C. 6809)), shall impose one or more of the special meas-
ures described in section 5318A(b) of title 31, United States 
Code, with respect to the Central Bank of Syria. 
(c) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
making a determination under subsection (a) that the 
Central Bank of Syria is a financial institution of 
primary money laundering concern, the Secretary of 
the Treasury shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report that includes the reasons 
for the determination. 
(2) FORM.—A report required by paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
(3) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘appropriate 
congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Committee on Financial Services of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs of the Senate. 
SEC. 102. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PERSONS 
THAT ENGAGE IN CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS. 
(a) IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—On and after the date that is 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the President shall impose the sanctions described in 
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subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the 
President determines that the foreign person, on or 
after such date of enactment, knowingly engages in an 
activity described in paragraph (2). 
(2) ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED.—A foreign person 
engages in an activity described in this paragraph if 
the foreign person— 
(A) knowingly provides significant finan-
cial, material, or technological support to, or 
knowingly engages in a significant transaction 
with— 
(i) the Government of Syria (including 
any entity owned or controlled by the Gov-
ernment of Syria) or a senior political fig-
ure of the Government of Syria; 
(ii) a foreign person that is a military 
contractor, mercenary, or a paramilitary 
force knowingly operating in a military ca-
pacity inside Syria for or on behalf of the 
Government of Syria, the Government of the 
Russian Federation, or the Government of 
Iran; or 
(iii) a foreign person subject to sanc-
tions pursuant to the International Emer-
gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
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1701 et seq.) with respect to Syria or any 
other provision of law that imposes sanc-
tions with respect to Syria; 
(B) knowingly sells or provides significant 
goods, services, technology, information, or other 
support that significantly facilitates the mainte-
nance or expansion of the Government of Syria’s 
domestic production of natural gas, petroleum, 
or petroleum products; 
(C) knowingly sells or provides aircraft or 
spare aircraft parts that are used for military 
purposes in Syria for or on behalf of the Govern-
ment of Syria to any foreign person operating in 
an area directly or indirectly controlled by the 
Government of Syria or foreign forces associated 
with the Government of Syria; 
(D) knowingly provides significant goods or 
services associated with the operation of aircraft 
that are used for military purposes in Syria for 
or on behalf of the Government of Syria to any 
foreign person operating in an area described in 
subparagraph (C); or 
(E) knowingly, directly or indirectly, pro-
vides significant construction or engineering 
services to the Government of Syria. 
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(3) SENSE
OF
CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that, in implementing this section, the 
President should consider financial support under 
paragraph (2)(A) to include the provision of loans, 
credits, or export credits. 
(b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The sanctions to be imposed 
with respect to a foreign person subject to subsection 
(a) are the following: 
(A) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The Presi-
dent shall exercise all of the powers granted to 
the President under the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to 
the extent necessary to block and prohibit all 
transactions in property and interests in prop-
erty of the foreign person if such property and 
interests in property are in the United States, 
come within the United States, or are or come 
within the possession or control of a United 
States person. 
(B) ALIENS INELIGIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMIS-
SION, OR PAROLE.— 
(i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.— 
An alien who the Secretary of State or the 
Secretary of Homeland Security (or a des-
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ignee of one of such Secretaries) knows, or 
has reason to believe, has knowingly en-
gaged in any activity described in sub-
section (a)(2) is— 
(I) inadmissible to the United 
States; 
(II) ineligible to receive a visa or 
other 
documentation 
to 
enter 
the 
United States; and 
(III) otherwise ineligible to be ad-
mitted or paroled into the United 
States or to receive any other benefit 
under the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). 
(ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
(I) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing 
consular officer, the Secretary of State, 
or the Secretary of Homeland Security 
(or a designee of one of such Secre-
taries) shall, in accordance with sec-
tion 221(i) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), re-
voke any visa or other entry docu-
mentation issued to an alien described 
in clause (i) regardless of when the 
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visa or other entry documentation is 
issued. 
(II) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.—A 
revocation under subclause (I)— 
(aa) shall take effect imme-
diately; and 
(bb) shall automatically can-
cel any other valid visa or entry 
documentation that is in the 
alien’s possession. 
(2) PENALTIES.—The penalties provided for in 
subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
1705) shall apply to a person that violates, attempts 
to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation 
of regulations promulgated under section 403(b) to 
carry out paragraph (1)(A) to the same extent that 
such penalties apply to a person that commits an un-
lawful act described in section 206(a) of that Act. 
(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply with respect 
to an alien if admitting the alien into the United 
States is necessary to permit the United States to 
comply with the Agreement regarding the Head-
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quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Suc-
cess June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 
21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
States, or other applicable international obligations. 
SEC. 103. STRATEGY RELATING TO AREAS OF SYRIA IN 
WHICH CIVILIANS ARE SUBJECT TO FORCED 
DISPLACEMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall— 
(1) identify the areas described in subsection (b); 
and 
(2) submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees the strategy described in subsection (c). 
(b) AREAS DESCRIBED.—The areas described in this 
subsection are areas in Syria that the President deter-
mines— 
(1) are under the control of— 
(A) the Government of Syria; 
(B) the Government of the Russian Federa-
tion; 
(C) the Government of Iran; or 
(D) a foreign person described in section 
102(a)(2)(A)(ii); and 
(2) are areas in which civilians have been subject 
to forced displacement by— 
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(A) a government specified in subparagraph 
(A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1); or 
(B) a foreign person described in section 
102(a)(2)(A)(ii). 
(c) STRATEGY DESCRIBED.—The strategy described in 
this subsection is a strategy to deter foreign persons from 
entering into contracts related to reconstruction in the areas 
described in subsection (b) for or on behalf of— 
(1) a government specified in subparagraph (A), 
(B), or (C) of subsection (b)(1); or 
(2) a foreign person described in section 
102(a)(2)(A)(ii). 
(d) FORM.—The strategy required by subsection (a)(2) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a 
classified annex. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate. 
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TITLE 
II—AMENDMENTS 
TO 
SYRIA 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
AC-
COUNTABILITY ACT OF 2012 
SEC. 201. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE 
FOR 
OR 
COMPLICIT 
IN 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
ABUSES COMMITTED AGAINST CITIZENS OF 
SYRIA OR THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 702 of the Syria Human 
Rights Accountability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8791) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 702. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE 
FOR 
OR 
COMPLICIT 
IN 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
ABUSES COMMITTED AGAINST CITIZENS OF 
SYRIA OR THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the 
sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each 
person on the list required by subsection (b). 
‘‘(b) LIST OF PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 
OR COMPLICIT IN SERIOUS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Caesar Syria 
Civilian Protection Act of 2018, the President shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
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list of foreign persons that the President determines 
are knowingly responsible for or complicit in serious 
human rights abuses committed against citizens of 
Syria or their family members, regardless of whether 
such abuses occurred in Syria. 
‘‘(2) INCLUSION OF CERTAIN PERSONS.—In de-
veloping the list required by paragraph (1), the Presi-
dent shall consider for inclusion on the list, among 
others, the following: 
‘‘(A) the President of Syria. 
‘‘(B) The Prime Minister and Deputy 
Prime Minister of Syria. 
‘‘(C) The Council of Ministers of Syria. 
‘‘(D) The heads of the armed forces of 
Syria, including the land forces, air forces, and 
intelligence services. 
‘‘(E) The heads of the Ministry of Interior 
of Syria, including the Political Security Direc-
torate, the General Intelligence Directorate, and 
the National Police Force. 
‘‘(F) The commanders and deputy com-
manders of the Fourth Armored Division of the 
armed forces of Syria. 
‘‘(G) The commander of the Republican 
Guard of Syria. 
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‘‘(H) The Advisor for Strategic Affairs to 
the President of Syria. 
‘‘(I) The director and deputy director of the 
Scientific Studies and Research Center of Syria. 
‘‘(J) The heads of prisons under the control 
of the Government of Syria. 
‘‘(K) The governors and other heads of the 
security branches of the 14 provinces of Syria 
who are appointed by the President of Syria. 
‘‘(3) UPDATES
OF
LIST.—The President shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
an updated list under paragraph (1) not later than 
300 days after the date of the enactment of the Caesar 
Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2018 and annually 
thereafter for a period of 5 years. 
‘‘(4) FORM.—The list required by paragraph (1) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may in-
clude a classified annex. 
‘‘(c) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The sanctions to be imposed 
with respect to a foreign person under subsection (a) 
are the following: 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ex-
ercise all powers granted by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
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‘‘(ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—The issuing 
consular officer, the Secretary of State, 
or the Secretary of Homeland Security 
(or a designee of one of such Secre-
taries) shall, in accordance with sec-
tion 221(i) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), re-
voke any visa or other entry docu-
mentation issued to an alien who the 
Secretary of State or the Secretary of 
Homeland Security (or a designee of 
one of such Secretaries) identifies as on 
the list required by subsection (b), re-
gardless of when the visa or other docu-
mentation is issued. 
‘‘(II) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.— 
A revocation under subclause (I)— 
‘‘(aa) shall take effect imme-
diately; and 
‘‘(bb) 
shall 
automatically 
cancel any other valid visa or 
entry documentation that is in the 
alien’s possession. 
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‘‘(2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a vio-
lation of paragraph (1)(A) or any regulation, license, 
or order issued to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall 
be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) 
and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same 
extent as a person that commits an unlawful act de-
scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH UNITED NA-
TIONS
HEADQUARTERS
AGREEMENT.—Sanctions 
under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply with respect 
to an alien if admitting the alien into the United 
States is necessary to permit the United States to 
comply with the Agreement regarding the Head-
quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Suc-
cess June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 
21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
States, or other applicable international agreements. 
‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to limit the authority of the Presi-
dent pursuant to the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), relevant Executive or-
ders, regulations, or other provisions of law.’’. 
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(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that the President should impose sanctions under section 
702 of the Syria Human Rights Accountability Act of 2012, 
as amended by subsection (a), for— 
(1) the deliberate targeting of civilian schools, 
hospitals, or markets; and 
(2) the deliberate diversion, hindering, or block-
ing of access for humanitarian purposes, including 
access across borders and conflict lines, with the in-
tent to inflict suffering on civilians. 
SEC. 202. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
THE 
TRANSFER 
OF 
GOODS 
OR 
TECH-
NOLOGIES TO SYRIA THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE 
USED TO COMMIT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. 
Section 703(b)(2)(C) of the Syria Human Rights Ac-
countability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 8792(b)(2)(C)) is 
amended— 
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end; 
(2) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(iii) any article— 
‘‘(I) designated by the President 
for purposes of the United States Mu-
nitions List under section 38(a)(1) of 
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lotter on DSKBCFDHB2PROD with BILLS
the Arms Export Control Act (22 
U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)); and 
‘‘(II) that the President deter-
mines is significant for purposes of the 
imposition of sanctions under sub-
section (a); or 
‘‘(iv) other goods or technologies that 
the President determines are used by the 
Government of Syria to commit human 
rights abuses against the people of Syria.’’. 
TITLE III—ASSISTANCE FOR THE 
PEOPLE OF SYRIA 
SEC. 301. BRIEFING ON MONITORING AND EVALUATING OF 
ONGOING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN SYRIA 
AND TO THE SYRIAN PEOPLE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State 
and the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development shall brief the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the moni-
toring and evaluation of ongoing assistance programs in 
Syria and for the Syrian people, including assistance pro-
vided through multilateral organizations. 
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(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The briefing re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include a description of— 
(1) the specific project monitoring and evalua-
tion efforts, including measurable goals and perform-
ance metrics for assistance in Syria; 
(2) the memoranda of understanding entered 
into by the Department of State, the United States 
Agency for International Development, and their re-
spective Inspectors General, and the multilateral or-
ganizations through which United States assistance 
will be delivered that formalize requirements for the 
sharing of information between such entities for the 
conduct of audits, investigations, and evaluations; 
and 
(3) the major challenges to monitoring and eval-
uating such programs. 
SEC. 302. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL METHODS TO EN-
HANCE THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall brief 
the appropriate congressional committees on the potential 
effectiveness, risks, and operational requirements of mili-
tary and non-military means to enhance the protection of 
civilians inside Syria, especially civilians who are in be-
sieged areas, trapped at borders, or internally displaced. 
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