‘‘(v) ensures that experimental studies 
are presented in sufficient detail and clarity 
to allow for replication or, at a minimum, 
offer the opportunity to build systematically 
on their findings; and 
‘‘(vi) has been accepted by a peer-re-
viewed journal or approved by a panel of 
independent experts through a comparably 
rigorous, objective, and scientific review.’’, 
and 
(11) by amending paragraph (23), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(23) The term ‘State’ means a State, the Com-
monwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, 
Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands of the 
United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands, and the Republic of Palau.’’. 
SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
Section 639 of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9834) 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 639. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to carry out this subchapter $7,350,000,000 for fis-
cal year 2008 and such sums as may be necessary for fiscal 
years 2009 through 2012. 
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‘‘(b) SPECIFIC PROGRAMS.—From the amount appro-
priated under subsection (a), the Secretary shall make 
available to carry out research, demonstration, and evalua-
tion activities (including longitudinal studies under section 
649) not more than $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and 
such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal the years 
2009 through 2012, of which not more than $7,000,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 shall be available 
to carry out impact studies under section 649(g).’’. 
SEC. 5. ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS; LIMITATION ON ASSIST-
ANCE. 
(a) ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS.—Section 640(a) of the 
Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(a) ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds appropriated 
under section 639, the Secretary shall allot such 
amounts in accordance with paragraphs (2) through 
(4), and subject to paragraphs (5) and (6). 
‘‘(2) THIRTEEN PERCENT SET-ASIDE.—The Sec-
retary shall reserve 13 percent of the amount appro-
priated for each fiscal year for use in accordance with 
the following order of priorities: 
‘‘(A) SPECIAL POPULATIONS.—For Indian 
Head Start programs, services for children with 
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disabilities, and migrant and seasonal Head 
Start programs, except that— 
‘‘(i) there shall be made available for 
each fiscal year for use by Indian Head 
Start programs and by migrant and sea-
sonal Head Start programs, on a nation-
wide basis, not less than the amount that 
was obligated for use by Indian Head Start 
programs and by migrant and seasonal 
Head Start programs for fiscal year 2007; 
‘‘(ii) migrant and seasonal Head Start 
programs shall receive not less than 5 per-
cent of the amount appropriated for each 
fiscal year until such time as the Secretary 
can make funding decisions to ensure access 
to funding for eligible children of migrant 
and seasonal farmworkers is comparable to 
access to funding for other eligible children 
based on the data collected and reported 
pursuant to section 648(l), except that no 
future reduction in funding shall result in 
the termination of Head Start services pro-
vided to any eligible child 3 years of age or 
older who is participating in any such pro-
gram on the date a reduction in funding oc-
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curs, and shall, to the extent possible, con-
tinue participation for children less than 3 
years of age receiving services before such 
reduction in funding; and 
‘‘(iii) Indian Head Start programs 
shall receive not less than 3.5 percent of the 
amount appropriated for each fiscal year 
until such time as the Secretary can make 
funding decisions to ensure access to fund-
ing for eligible Indian children is com-
parable to access to funding for other eligi-
ble children based on the data collected in 
accordance with the requirements of section 
648(k), except that no future reduction in 
funding shall result in the termination of 
Head Start services provided to any eligible 
child 3 years of age or older who is partici-
pating in any such program on the date a 
reduction in funding occurs, and shall, to 
the extent possible, continue participation 
for children less than 3 years of age receiv-
ing services before such reduction in fund-
ing. 
‘‘(B) PAYMENTS
TO
TERRITORIES
AND 
FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES.—Subject to para-
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graph (7), for payments to Guam, American 
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mar-
iana Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United 
States, and the Republic of Palau, except that 
payments to the Republic of Palau shall not be 
made after fiscal year 2009. 
‘‘(C) TRAINING
AND
TECHNICAL
ASSIST-
ANCE.—Not less than 2 percent of the amount 
appropriated for such fiscal year for training 
and technical assistance activities to foster pro-
gram quality and management improvement as 
described in section 648, of which— 
‘‘(i) not less than 50 percent shall be 
available to local Head Start agencies to 
make program improvements identified by 
such agencies to use for the training and 
technical assistance activities described in 
section 648(j); 
‘‘(ii) not less than 30 percent shall be 
available to the Secretary to support a 
State-based system or a national system, in 
the case of migrant and seasonal Head 
Start and Indian Head Start programs, of 
early childhood education training and 
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technical assistance to local Head Start 
agencies as described in section 648(n); and 
‘‘(iii) the remainder of such amount 
shall be available to the Secretary to assist 
local Head Start agencies in meeting and 
exceeding the standards described in section 
641A(a)(1), including financial assistance 
to help Head Start programs address weak-
nesses identified by monitoring activities 
conducted by the Secretary under section 
641A(c), except that— 
‘‘(I) not less than $3,000,000 shall 
be available to carry out the activities 
described in section 648(c)(4); and 
‘‘(II) no more than $5,000,000 
shall be reserved to carry out the ac-
tivities described in section 642B(b). 
‘‘(D) MONITORING
AND
TERMINATIONS.— 
For discretionary payments made by the Sec-
retary, including payments for all costs (other 
than compensation of Federal employees) of re-
views of Head Start agencies, programs under 
section 641A(c), and of activities carried out 
under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 
641A(d) related to correcting deficiencies and 
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conducting proceedings to terminate the designa-
tion of Head Start agencies. 
‘‘(E) RESEARCH.—For payments for re-
search, demonstration, and evaluation activities 
under section 649. 
No funds reserved under this paragraph or paragraph 
(3) may be combined with funds appropriated under 
any other Act if the purpose of combining funds is to 
make a single discretionary grant or a single discre-
tionary payment, unless such funds appropriated 
under this subchapter are separately identified in 
such grant or payment and are used for the purposes 
of this subchapter. 
‘‘(3) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FUNDS.— 
‘‘(A) DETERMINATION OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(i) For each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2012, to provide assistance for ac-
tivities specified in subparagraph (B), the 
Secretary shall reserve, from the amount (if 
any) by which the funds appropriated 
under section 639(a) for a fiscal year exceed 
the adjusted prior year appropriation, a 
share equal to the sum of— 
‘‘(I) 60 percent of such excess 
amount; and 
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‘‘(II) any additional part of such 
excess amount the Secretary may find 
necessary to address a demonstrated 
need for such activities. 
‘‘(ii) As used in clause (i), the term 
‘adjusted prior year appropriation’ means, 
with respect to a fiscal year, the amount 
appropriated under section 639(a) for the 
preceding fiscal year, adjusted to reflect the 
percentage change in the Consumer Price 
Index for All Urban Consumers (issued by 
the Bureau of Labor Statistics) during such 
preceding fiscal year. 
‘‘(B) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES.— 
Funds reserved under this paragraph shall be 
used to carry out the following activities: 
‘‘(i) Not less than one-fourth of the 
amount reserved under this paragraph, to 
improve the compensation, salary scales, 
and benefit standards of educational staff, 
family service workers, and child counselors, 
as described in sections 644(a) and 653, to 
ensure that salary levels and benefits are 
adequate to attract and retain qualified 
staff for such programs. 
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‘‘(ii) Providing on-going professional 
development to teachers that improves their 
understanding of child development, content 
knowledge, and appropriate teaching strate-
gies needed to provide effective instruction 
and other school readiness services in the 
areas of early language and literacy, early 
mathematics, cognitive skills, approaches to 
learning, creative arts, science, physical 
health and development, and social and 
emotional development. 
‘‘(iii) Improving the qualifications and 
skills of educational personnel to meet the 
professional standards established under sec-
tion 648A(a)(1), including providing assist-
ance to complete postsecondary course work, 
subject to section 648A(a)(2)(D). 
‘‘(iv) Ensuring that the physical envi-
ronments of Head Start programs are con-
ducive to providing effective program serv-
ices to children and families, and are acces-
sible to children with disabilities and other 
individuals with disabilities. 
‘‘(v) Employing additional qualified 
classroom staff necessary to reduce the child 
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to teacher ratio in the classroom and family 
to staff ratio for family services workers. 
‘‘(vi) Ensuring that such programs 
have qualified staff that can promote lan-
guage skills and literacy growth of children 
and that can provide children with a vari-
ety of skills that have been identified, 
through scientifically based reading re-
search, as predictive of later reading 
achievement. 
‘‘(vii) Increasing hours of program op-
eration, including— 
‘‘(I) conversion of part-day to 
full-day; and 
‘‘(II) number of weeks operated in 
a calendar year. 
‘‘(viii) Improving the compensation 
and benefits of staff of Head Start agencies 
in order to improve the quality of Head 
Start programs. 
‘‘(ix) Transportation costs associated 
with transporting Head Start children safe-
ly, except that— 
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‘‘(I) no more than ten percent of 
funds under this paragraph may be 
used for such purposes; 
‘‘(II) a Head Start agency shall 
demonstrate efforts to leverage the costs 
of transportation through collaboration 
with other entities; and 
‘‘(III) a Head Start agency shall 
submit information to the Secretary 
describing how such use of funds is 
necessary to prevent reduction or ter-
mination of transportation services or, 
in the case of a Head Start agency 
serving a rural community, how such 
use of funds is necessary to improve 
services to such community. 
‘‘(C) ALLOCATION.— 
‘‘(i) Funds reserved under subpara-
graph (A) shall be allotted by the Secretary 
as follows: 
‘‘(I) 80 percent of such funds shall 
be allotted among the States in the 
same proportion as the Secretary allots 
funds among the States under para-
graph (4) for the respective fiscal year. 
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‘‘(II) 20 percent of such funds 
shall be allotted among the States, geo-
graphical areas specified in subsection 
(a)(2)(B) and Indian Head Start pro-
grams and migrant and seasonal Head 
Start programs, and used to make 
grants to Head Start agencies, at the 
discretion of the Secretary. 
‘‘(ii) Funds allotted under clause (i) 
shall be used by the Secretary to make 
grants to Head Start agencies that receive 
grants from funds allotted under paragraph 
(4) for such fiscal year, in such amounts as 
the Secretary considers to be appropriate, 
for expenditure for activities specified in 
subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(iii) Funds received under this sub-
paragraph shall be used to supplement, not 
to supplant, funds received under para-
graph (2) or (4). 
‘‘(4) GRANT DISTRIBUTION.—Subject to section 
639(b), the Secretary shall allot the remaining 
amounts appropriated in each fiscal year among the 
States, in accordance with latest satisfactory data so 
that— 
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‘‘(A) each State receives an amount which 
is equal to the amount the State received for fis-
cal year 2007; and 
‘‘(B) any amount available after all allot-
ments are made under subparagraph (A) for 
such fiscal year shall be distributed proportion-
ately on the basis of the number of children less 
than 5 years of age from families whose income 
is below the poverty line. 
For purposes of this paragraph, for each fiscal year 
the Secretary shall use the most recent data available 
on the number of children less than 5 years of age 
from families whose income is below the poverty line, 
as published by the Department of Commerce, unless 
the Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce deter-
mine that use of the most recent data available would 
be inappropriate or unreliable. If the Secretary and 
the Secretary of Commerce determine that some or all 
of the data referred to in this paragraph are inappro-
priate or unreliable, the Secretaries shall issue a re-
port setting forth their reasons in detail. 
‘‘(5) COLLABORATION GRANTS.— 
‘‘(A) From amounts reserved and allotted 
under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall award 
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the collaboration grants described in subpara-
graphs (B), (C), and (D). 
‘‘(B)(i) From the reserved sums, the Sec-
retary shall award upon submission of a written 
request, a collaboration grant to each State and 
to each national administrative office serving In-
dian Head Start programs and migrant and 
seasonal Head Start programs to facilitate col-
laboration between Head Start agencies and en-
tities (including the State or national adminis-
trative office) that carry out other activities de-
signed to benefit low-income families and chil-
dren from birth to school entry. The national ad-
ministrative offices shall use the funds made 
available through the grants to carry out the au-
thorities and responsibilities described in sub-
paragraphs (B) and (C). 
‘‘(ii) Grants described in clause (i) shall be 
used to— 
‘‘(I) assist Head Start agencies to col-
laborate with entities involved in State and 
local planning processes to better meet the 
needs of low-income families and children 
from birth to school entry; 
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