917 
pacts, considering the approaches included in any 
international treaties and agreements. 
(5) MOST
VULNERABLE
COMMUNITIES
AND 
POPULATIONS.—The term ‘‘most vulnerable commu-
nities and populations’’ means communities and pop-
ulations that are at risk of substantial adverse im-
pacts of climate change and have limited capacity to 
respond to such impacts, including impoverished 
communities, children, women, and indigenous peo-
ples. 
(6) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means 
the International Climate Change Adaptation Pro-
gram established under section 493. 
(7) USAID.—The term ‘‘USAID’’ means the 
United States Agency for International Develop-
ment. 
(8) UNITED
NATIONS
FRAMEWORK
CONVEN-
TION ON CLIMATE CHANGE.—The term ‘‘United Na-
tions Framework Convention on Climate Change’’ or 
‘‘Convention’’ means the United Nations Framework 
Convention on Climate Change done at New York on 
May 9, 1992, and entered into force on March 21, 
1994. 
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SEC. 493. INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION 
PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Administrator of USAID, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, and the Administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, shall establish an Inter-
national Climate Change Adaptation Program in accord-
ance with the requirements of this part. 
(b) ALLOWANCE ACCOUNT.—Allowances allocated 
pursuant to section 782(n) of the Clean Air Act shall be 
available for distribution to carry out the Program estab-
lished under subsection (a). 
(c) SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.—Assistance pro-
vided under this part shall be used to supplement, and 
not to supplant, any other Federal, State, or local re-
sources available to carry out activities of the type carried 
out under the Program. 
SEC. 494. DISTRIBUTION OF ALLOWANCES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, or such 
other Federal agency head as the President may des-
ignate, after consultation with the Secretary of the Treas-
ury, the Administrator of USAID, and the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall direct the 
distribution of allowances to carry out the Program— 
(1) in the form of bilateral assistance pursuant 
to the requirements under section 495; 
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(2) to multilateral funds or international insti-
tutions pursuant to the Convention or an agreement 
negotiated under the Convention; or 
(3) through a combination of the mechanisms 
identified under paragraphs (1) and (2). 
(b) LIMITATION.— 
(1) CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION TO MULTILAT-
ERAL FUNDS OR INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.— 
In any fiscal year, the Secretary of State, or such 
other Federal agency head as the President may 
designate, in consultation with the Administrator of 
USAID, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Ad-
ministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
shall distribute at least 40 percent and up to 60 per-
cent of the allowances available to carry out the Pro-
gram to one or more multilateral funds or inter-
national institutions that meet the requirements of 
paragraph (2), if any such fund or institution exists, 
and shall annually certify in a report to the appro-
priate congressional committees that any multilat-
eral fund or international institution receiving allow-
ances under this section meets the requirements of 
paragraph (2) or that no multilateral fund or inter-
national institution that meets the requirements of 
paragraph (2) exists, as the case may be. The Sec-
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retary of State shall notify the appropriate congres-
sional committees not less than 15 days prior to any 
transfer of allowances to a multilateral fund or 
international institution pursuant to this section. 
(2) MULTILATERAL FUND OR INTERNATIONAL 
INSTITUTION ELIGIBILITY.—A multilateral fund or 
international institution is eligible to receive allow-
ances available to carry out the Program— 
(A) if— 
(i) such fund or institution is estab-
lished pursuant to— 
(I) the Convention; or 
(II) an agreement negotiated 
under the Convention; or 
(ii) the allowances are directed to one 
or more multilateral development banks or 
international development institutions, pur-
suant to an agreement negotiated under 
such Convention; and 
(B) if such fund or institution— 
(i) specifies the terms and conditions 
under which the United States is to pro-
vide allowances to the fund or institution, 
and under which the fund or institution is 
to provide assistance to recipient countries; 
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(ii) ensures that assistance from the 
United States to the fund or institution 
and the principal and income of the fund 
or institution are disbursed only for pur-
poses that are consistent with those de-
scribed in section 491(b)(1); 
(iii) requires a regular meeting of a 
governing body of the fund or institution 
that includes representation from countries 
among the most vulnerable developing 
countries and provides public access; 
(iv) requires that local communities 
and indigenous peoples in areas where any 
activities or programs are planned are en-
gaged through adequate disclosure of in-
formation, public participation, and con-
sultation; and 
(v) prepares and makes public an an-
nual report that— 
(I) describes the process and 
methodology for selecting the recipi-
ents of assistance from the fund or in-
stitution, including assessments of 
vulnerability; 
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(II) describes specific programs 
and activities supported by the fund 
or institution and the extent to which 
the assistance is addressing the adap-
tation needs of the most vulnerable 
developing countries, and the most 
vulnerable communities and popu-
lations therein; 
(III) describes the performance 
goals for assistance authorized under 
the fund or institution and expresses 
such goals in an objective and quan-
tifiable form, to the extent practicable; 
(IV) describes the performance 
indicators to be used in measuring or 
assessing the achievement of the per-
formance goals described in subclause 
(III); 
(V) provides a basis for rec-
ommendations for adjustments to as-
sistance authorized under this part to 
enhance the impact of such assist-
ance; and 
(VI) describes the participation 
of other nations and international or-
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ganizations in supporting and gov-
erning the fund or institution. 
(c) OVERSIGHT.— 
(1) DISTRIBUTION TO MULTILATERAL FUNDS 
OR INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.—The Secretary 
of State, or such other Federal agency head as the 
President may designate, in consultation with the 
Administrator of USAID, shall oversee the distribu-
tion of allowances available to carry out the Pro-
gram to a multilateral fund or international institu-
tion under subsection (b). 
(2) BILATERAL
ASSISTANCE.—The Adminis-
trator of USAID, in consultation with the Secretary 
of State, shall oversee the distribution of allowances 
available to carry out the Program for bilateral as-
sistance under section 495. 
SEC. 495. BILATERAL ASSISTANCE. 
(a) ACTIVITIES AND FOREIGN AID.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to achieve the pur-
poses of this part, the Administrator of USAID may 
carry out programs and activities and distribute al-
lowances to any private or public group (including 
international organizations and faith-based organiza-
tions), association, or other entity engaged in peace-
ful activities to— 
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(A) provide assistance to the most vulner-
able developing countries for— 
(i) the development of national or re-
gional climate change adaptation plans, in-
cluding a systematic assessment of socio-
economic vulnerabilities in order to identify 
the most vulnerable communities and pop-
ulations; 
(ii) associated national policies; and 
(iii) planning, financing, and execu-
tion of adaptation programs and activities; 
(B) support investments, capacity-building 
activities, and other assistance, to reduce vul-
nerability and promote community-level resil-
ience related to climate change and its impacts 
in the most vulnerable developing countries, in-
cluding impacts on water availability, agricul-
tural productivity, flood risk, coastal resources, 
timing of seasons, biodiversity, economic liveli-
hoods, health, human migration, or other social, 
economic, political, cultural, or environmental 
matters; 
(C) support climate change adaptation re-
search in or for the most vulnerable developing 
countries; 
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(D) reduce vulnerability and provide in-
creased resilience to climate change for local 
communities and livelihoods in the most vulner-
able developing countries by encouraging— 
(i) the protection and rehabilitation of 
natural systems; 
(ii) the enhancement and diversifica-
tion of agricultural, fishery, and other live-
lihoods; and 
(iii) the reduction of disaster risks; 
(E) support the deployment of technologies 
to help the most vulnerable developing countries 
respond to the destabilizing impacts of climate 
change and encourage the identification and 
adoption of appropriate renewable and efficient 
energy technologies that are beneficial in in-
creasing community-level resilience to the im-
pacts of global climate change in those coun-
tries; and 
(F) encourage the engagement of local 
communities through disclosure of information, 
consultation, and the communities’ informed 
participation relating to the development of 
plans, programs, and activities to increase com-
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munity-level resilience to climate change im-
pacts. 
(2) LIMITATIONS.—Not more than 10 percent 
of the allowances made available to carry out bilat-
eral assistance under this part in any year shall be 
distributed to support activities in any single coun-
try. 
(3) PRIORITIZING
ASSISTANCE.—In providing 
assistance under this section, the Administrator of 
USAID shall give priority to countries, including the 
most vulnerable communities and populations there-
in, that are most vulnerable to the adverse impacts 
of climate change, determined by the likelihood and 
severity of such impacts and the country’s capacity 
to adapt to such impacts. 
(b) COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT.— 
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Administrator 
of 
USAID shall ensure that local communities, includ-
ing the most vulnerable communities and popu-
lations therein, in areas where any programs or ac-
tivities are carried out pursuant to this section are 
engaged in, through disclosure of information, public 
participation, and consultation, the design, imple-
mentation, monitoring, and evaluation of such pro-
grams and activities. 
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(2) CONSULTATION
AND
DISCLOSURE.—For 
each country receiving assistance under this section, 
the Administrator of USAID shall establish a proc-
ess for consultation with, and disclosure of informa-
tion to, local, national, and international stake-
holders regarding any programs and activities car-
ried out pursuant to this section. 
(c) COORDINATION.— 
(1) ALIGNMENT OF ACTIVITIES.—Subject to the 
direction of the President and the Secretary of 
State, the Administrator of USAID shall, to the ex-
tent practicable, seek to align activities under this 
section with broader development, poverty allevi-
ation, or natural resource management objectives 
and initiatives in the recipient country. 
(2) COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES.—The Ad-
ministrator of USAID shall ensure that there is co-
ordination among the activities under this section, 
subtitle D of this title, and part E of title VII of the 
Clean Air Act, in order to maximize the effectiveness 
of United States assistance to developing countries. 
(d) REPORTING.— 
(1) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this part, the Admin-
istrator of USAID, in consultation with the Sec-
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retary of State, shall submit to the President and 
the appropriate congressional committees an initial 
report that— 
(A) based on the most recent information 
available from reliable public sources or knowl-
edge obtained by USAID on a reliable basis, as 
determined by the Administrator of USAID, 
identifies the developing countries, including the 
most vulnerable communities and populations 
therein, that are most vulnerable to climate 
change impacts and in which assistance may 
have the greatest and most sustainable benefit 
in reducing vulnerability to climate change; and 
(B) describes the process and methodology 
for selecting the recipients of assistance under 
subsection (a)(1). 
(2) ANNUAL
REPORTS.—Not later than 18 
months after the date on which the initial report is 
submitted pursuant to paragraph (1), and annually 
thereafter, the Administrator of USAID, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of State, shall submit to the 
President and the appropriate congressional commit-
tees a report that— 
(A) describes the extent to which global cli-
mate change, through its potential negative im-
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pacts on sensitive populations and natural re-
sources in the most vulnerable developing coun-
tries, may threaten, cause, or exacerbate polit-
ical, economic, environmental, cultural, or social 
instability or international conflict in those re-
gions; 
(B) describes the ramifications of any po-
tentially destabilizing impacts climate change 
may have on the national security, foreign pol-
icy, and economic interests of the United 
States, including— 
(i) the creation of environmental mi-
grants and internally displaced peoples; 
(ii) international or internal armed 
conflicts over water, food, land, or other 
resources; 
(iii) loss of agricultural and other live-
lihoods, cultural stability, and other causes 
of increased poverty and economic desta-
bilization; 
(iv) decline in availability of resources 
needed for survival, including water; 
(v) increased impact of natural disas-
ters (including droughts, flooding, and 
other severe weather events); 
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(vi) increased prevalence or virulence 
of climate-related diseases; and 
(vii) intensified urban migration; 
(C) describes how allowances available 
under this section were distributed during the 
previous fiscal year to enhance the national se-
curity, foreign policy, and economic interests of 
the United States and assist in avoiding the 
economically, politically, environmentally, cul-
turally, and socially destabilizing impacts of cli-
mate change in most vulnerable developing 
countries; 
(D) identifies and recommends the devel-
oping countries, including the most vulnerable 
communities and populations therein, that are 
most vulnerable to climate change impacts and 
in which assistance may have the greatest and 
most sustainable benefit in reducing vulner-
ability to climate change, including in the form 
of deploying technologies, investments, capacity- 
building activities, and other types of assistance 
for adaptation to climate change impacts and 
approaches to reduce greenhouse gases in ways 
that may also provide community-level resilience 
to climate change impacts; and 
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(E) describes cooperation undertaken with 
other nations and international organizations to 
carry out this part. 
(e) MONITORING AND EVALUATION.— 
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Administrator 
of 
USAID shall establish and implement a system to 
monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency 
of assistance provided under this section in order to 
maximize the long-term sustainable development im-
pact of such assistance, including the extent to 
which such assistance is meeting the purposes of 
this part and addressing the adaptation needs of de-
veloping countries. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out para-
graph (1), the Administrator of USAID shall— 
(A) in consultation with national govern-
ments in recipient countries, establish perform-
ance goals for assistance authorized under this 
section and express such goals in an objective 
and quantifiable form, to the extent practicable; 
(B) establish performance indicators to be 
used in measuring or assessing the achievement 
of the performance goals described in subpara-
graph (A), including an evaluation of— 
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(i) the extent to which assistance 
under this section provided for disclosure 
of information to, consultation with, and 
informed participation by local commu-
nities; 
(ii) the extent to which local commu-
nities participated in the design, implemen-
tation, and evaluation of programs and ac-
tivities implemented pursuant to this sec-
tion; and 
(iii) the impacts of such participation 
on the goals and objectives of the pro-
grams and activities implemented under 
this section; 
(C) provide a basis for recommendations 
for adjustments to assistance authorized under 
this section to enhance the impact of such as-
sistance; and 
(D) include, in the annual report to the 
appropriate congressional committees and other 
relevant agencies required under subsection 
(d)(2), findings resulting from the monitoring 
and evaluation of programs and activities under 
this section. 
Æ 
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