2259 
(6) programs to assist civil society organizations 
in Burma that support individuals that who are un-
lawfully detained in Burma for exercising their fun-
damental freedoms; and 
(7) programs to assist civil society organizations 
and ethnic groups with reconciliation activities re-
lated to Burma. 
SEC. 5576. LIMITATIONS. 
Except as provided for by this part, none of the funds 
authorized to be appropriated for assistance for Burma by 
this part may be made available to— 
(1) the State Administrative Council or any or-
ganization or entity controlled by, or an affiliate of, 
the Burmese military, or to any individual or organi-
zation that has committed a gross violation of human 
rights or advocates violence against ethnic or religious 
groups or individuals in Burma, as determined by 
the Secretary of State for programs administered by 
the Department of State and the United States Agen-
cy for International Development, or President of the 
National Endowment for Democracy (NED) for pro-
grams administered by NED; and 
(2) the Burmese military. 
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SEC. 5577. APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES 
DEFINED. 
In this part, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Ap-
propriations of the House of Representatives. 
PART 4—EFFORTS AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS 
ABUSES 
SEC. 5578. AUTHORIZATION TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL AS-
SISTANCE FOR EFFORTS AGAINST HUMAN 
RIGHTS ABUSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State is author-
ized to provide assistance to support appropriate civilian 
or international entities that— 
(1) identify suspected perpetrators of war crimes, 
crimes against humanity, and genocide in Burma; 
(2) collect, document, and protect evidence of 
crimes in Burma and preserving the chain of custody 
for such evidence; 
(3) conduct criminal investigations of such 
crimes; and 
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(4) support investigations related to Burma con-
ducted by other countries, and by entities mandated 
by the United Nations, such as the Independent Inves-
tigative Mechanism for Myanmar. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
FOR
TRANSITIONAL
JUSTICE 
MECHANISMS.—The Secretary of State, taking into account 
any relevant findings in the report submitted under section 
5941, is authorized to provide support for the establishment 
and operation of transitional justice mechanisms, including 
a hybrid tribunal, to prosecute individuals suspected of 
committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, or geno-
cide in Burma. 
PART 5—SANCTIONS EXCEPTION RELATING TO 
IMPORTATION OF GOODS 
SEC. 5579. SANCTIONS EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTA-
TION OF GOODS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The authorities and requirements 
to impose sanctions under this subtitle shall not include the 
authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the impor-
tation of goods. 
(b) GOOD DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘good’’ 
means any article, natural or man-made substance, mate-
rial, supply, or manufactured product, including inspection 
and test equipment, and excluding technical data. 
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Subtitle F—Promotion of Freedom 
of Information and Countering 
of Censorship and Surveillance 
in North Korea 
SEC. 5580. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Otto Warmbier 
Countering North Korean Censorship and Surveillance Act 
of 2022’’. 
SEC. 5581. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The information landscape in North Korea is 
the most repressive in the world, consistently ranking 
last or near-last in the annual World Press Freedom 
Index. 
(2) Under the brutal rule of Kim Jung Un, the 
country’s leader since 2012, the North Korean regime 
has tightened controls on access to information, as 
well as enacted harsh punishments for consumers of 
outside media, including sentencing to time in a con-
centration camp and a maximum penalty of death. 
(3) Such repressive and unjust laws surrounding 
information in North Korea resulted in the death of 
22-year-old United States citizen and university stu-
dent Otto Warmbier, who had traveled to North Korea 
in December 2015 as part of a guided tour. 
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(4) Otto Warmbier was unjustly arrested, sen-
tenced to 15 years of hard labor, and severely mis-
treated at the hands of North Korean officials. While 
in captivity, Otto Warmbier suffered a serious med-
ical emergency that placed him into a comatose state. 
Otto Warmbier was comatose upon his release in 
June 2017 and died 6 days later. 
(5) Despite increased penalties for possession 
and viewership of foreign media, the people of North 
Korean have increased their desire for foreign media 
content, according to a survey of 200 defectors con-
cluding that 90 percent had watched South Korean or 
other foreign media before defecting. 
(6) On March 23, 2021, in an annual resolution, 
the United Nations General Assembly condemned ‘‘the 
long-standing and ongoing systematic, widespread 
and gross violations of human rights in the Demo-
cratic People’s Republic of Korea’’ and expressed 
grave concern at, among other things, ‘‘the denial of 
the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and reli-
gion . . . and of the rights to freedom of opinion, ex-
pression, and association, both online and offline, 
which is enforced through an absolute monopoly on 
information and total control over organized social 
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life, and arbitrary and unlawful state surveillance 
that permeates the private lives of all citizens’’. 
(7) In 2018, Typhoon Yutu caused extensive 
damage to 15 broadcast antennas used by the United 
States Agency for Global Media in Asia, resulting in 
reduced programming to North Korea. The United 
States Agency for Global Media has rebuilt 5 of the 
15 antenna systems as of June 2021. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) in the event of a crisis situation, particularly 
where information pertaining to the crisis is being 
actively censored or a false narrative is being put for-
ward, the United States should be able to quickly in-
crease its broadcasting capability to deliver fact-based 
information to audiences, including those in North 
Korea; and 
(2) the United States International Broadcasting 
Surge Capacity Fund is already authorized under 
section 316 of the United States International Broad-
casting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6216), and expanded 
authority to transfer unobligated balances from ex-
pired accounts of the United States Agency for Global 
Media would enable the Agency to more nimbly re-
spond to crises. 
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SEC. 5582. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to provide the people of North Korea with ac-
cess to a diverse range of fact-based information; 
(2) to develop and implement novel means of 
communication and information sharing that in-
crease opportunities for audiences in North Korea to 
safely create, access, and share digital and non-digital 
news without fear of repressive censorship, surveil-
lance, or penalties under law; and 
(3) to foster and innovate new technologies to 
counter North Korea’s state-sponsored repressive sur-
veillance and censorship by advancing internet free-
dom tools, technologies, and new approaches. 
SEC. 5583. UNITED STATES STRATEGY TO COMBAT NORTH 
KOREA’S REPRESSIVE INFORMATION ENVI-
RONMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall develop 
and submit to Congress a strategy on combating North Ko-
rea’s repressive information environment. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required by subsection 
(a) shall include the following: 
(1) An assessment of the challenges to the free 
flow of information into North Korea created by the 
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censorship and surveillance technology apparatus of 
the Government of North Korea. 
(2) A detailed description of the agencies and 
other government entities, key officials, and security 
services responsible for the implementation of North 
Korea’s repressive laws regarding foreign media con-
sumption. 
(3) A detailed description of the agencies and 
other government entities and key officials of foreign 
governments that assist, facilitate, or aid North Ko-
rea’s repressive censorship and surveillance state. 
(4) A review of existing public-private partner-
ships that provide circumvention technology and an 
assessment of the feasibility and utility of new tools 
to increase free expression, circumvent censorship, 
and obstruct repressive surveillance in North Korea. 
(5) A description of and funding levels required 
for current United States Government programs and 
activities to provide access for the people of North 
Korea to a diverse range of fact-based information. 
(6) An update of the plan required by section 
104(a)(7)(A) of the North Korean Human Rights Act 
of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7814(a)(7)(A)). 
(7) A description of Department of State pro-
grams and funding levels for programs that promote 
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internet freedom in North Korea, including moni-
toring and evaluation efforts. 
(8) A description of grantee programs of the 
United States Agency for Global Media in North 
Korea that facilitate circumvention tools and broad-
casting, including monitoring and evaluation efforts. 
(9) A detailed assessment of how the United 
States International Broadcasting Surge Capacity 
Fund authorized under section 316 of the United 
States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 
U.S.C. 6216) has operated to respond to crisis situa-
tions in the past, and how authority to transfer unob-
ligated balances from expired accounts would help the 
United States Agency for Global Media in crisis situ-
ations in the future. 
(10) A detailed plan for how the authorization of 
appropriations under section 5584 will operate along-
side and augment existing programming from the rel-
evant Federal agencies and facilitate the development 
of new tools to assist that programming. 
(11) A detailed plan for engagement and coordi-
nation with the Republic of Korea, as appropriate, 
necessary for implementing the objectives of the strat-
egy required by subsection (a), including— 
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(A) with regard to any new or expanded ac-
tivities contemplated under paragraphs (9) and 
(10); and 
(B) any cooperation with or approval from 
the Government of the Republic of Korea re-
quired to carry out such activities. 
(c) FORM OF STRATEGY.—The strategy required by 
subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include the matters required by paragraphs (2) and 
(3) of subsection (b) in a classified annex. 
SEC. 5584. PROMOTING FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND 
COUNTERING CENSORSHIP AND SURVEIL-
LANCE IN NORTH KOREA. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the United States Agency 
for Global Media an additional $10,000,000 for each of fis-
cal years 2024 through 2027 to provide increased broad-
casting and grants for the following purposes: 
(1) To promote the development of internet free-
dom tools, technologies, and new approaches, includ-
ing both digital and non-digital means of information 
sharing related to North Korea. 
(2) To explore public-private partnerships to 
counter North Korea’s repressive censorship and sur-
veillance state. 
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(3) To develop new means to protect the privacy 
and identity of individuals receiving media from the 
United States Agency for Global Media and other out-
side media outlets from within North Korea. 
(4) To bolster existing programming from the 
United States Agency for Global Media by restoring 
the broadcasting capacity of damaged antennas 
caused by Typhoon Yutu in 2018. 
(b) ANNUAL REPORTS.—Section 104(a)(7)(B) of the 
North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 
7814(a)(7)(B)) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding clause (i)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this paragraph’’ and inserting 
‘‘September 30, 2022’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘Broadcasting Board of 
Governors’’ and inserting ‘‘Chief Executive Offi-
cer of the United States Agency for Global 
Media’’; and 
(2) in clause (i), by inserting after ‘‘this section’’ 
the following: ‘‘and sections 5583 and 5584 of the 
Otto Warmbier Countering North Korean Censorship 
and Surveillance Act of 2022’’. 
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Subtitle G—Other Matters 
SEC. 5585. CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION FOR REWARDS 
PAID USING CRYPTOCURRENCIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 36(e)(6) of the State De-
partment Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 
2708(e)(6)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new sentence: ‘‘Not later than 15 days before making a re-
ward in a form that includes cryptocurrency, the Secretary 
of State shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate of such form for the reward.’’. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate a report on the use of cryptocurrency as a 
part of the Department of State Rewards program estab-
lished under section 36(a) of the State Department Basic 
Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2708(a)) that— 
(1) justifies any determination of the Secretary 
to make rewards under such program in a form that 
includes cryptocurrency; 
(2) lists each cryptocurrency payment made 
under such program as of the date of the submission 
of the report; 
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(3) provides evidence of the manner and extent 
to which cryptocurrency payments would be more 
likely to induce whistleblowers to come forward with 
information than rewards paid out in United States 
dollars or other forms of money or nonmonetary 
items; and 
(4) examines whether the Department’s use of 
cryptocurrency could provide bad actors with addi-
tional hard-to-trace funds that could be used for 
criminal or illicit purposes. 
SEC. 5586. SECURE ACCESS TO SANITATION FACILITIES FOR 
WOMEN AND GIRLS. 
Subsection (a) of section 501 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (22 U.S.C. 
2601 note) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (6) through (11) 
as paragraphs (7) through (12), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(6) the provision of safe and secure access to 
sanitation facilities, with a special emphasis on 
women and children;’’. 
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SEC. 5587. REAUTHORIZATION OF THE TROPICAL FOREST 
AND CORAL REEF CONSERVATION ACT OF 
1998. 
Section 806(d) of the Tropical Forest and Coral Reef 
Conservation Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 2431d(d)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2023. 
‘‘(10) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2024. 
‘‘(11) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(12) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(13) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
SEC. 5588. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY REAUTHORIZATION 
ACT OF 2022. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Section 2 of the Global Food Security 
Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9301) is amended by striking ‘‘Con-
gress makes’’ and all that follows through ‘‘(3) A com-
prehensive’’ and inserting ‘‘Congress finds that a com-
prehensive’’. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY OBJECTIVES; SENSE OF 
CONGRESS.—Section 3(a) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 9302(a)) 
is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘programs, activities, and initiatives that’’ 
and inserting ‘‘comprehensive, multi-sectoral pro-
grams, activities, and initiatives that consider agri-
culture and food systems in their totality and that’’. 
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(2) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and economic 
freedom through the coordination’’ and inserting ‘‘, 
economic freedom, and security through the phasing, 
sequencing, and coordination’’; 
(3) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(3) increase the productivity, incomes, and live-
lihoods of small-scale producers and artisanal fishing 
communities, especially women in these communities, 
by working across terrestrial and aquatic food sys-
tems and agricultural value chains, including by— 
‘‘(A) enhancing local capacity to manage 
agricultural resources and food systems effec-
tively and expanding producer access to, and 
participation in, local, regional, and inter-
national markets; 
‘‘(B) increasing the availability and afford-
ability of high quality nutritious and safe foods 
and clean water; 
‘‘(C) creating entrepreneurship opportuni-
ties and improving access to business develop-
ment related to agriculture and food systems, in-
cluding among youth populations, linked to 
local, regional, and international markets; and 
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‘‘(D) enabling partnerships to facilitate the 
development of and investment in new agricul-
tural technologies to support more resilient and 
productive agricultural practices; 
‘‘(4) build resilience to agriculture and food sys-
tems shocks and stresses, including global food catas-
trophes in which conventional methods of agriculture 
are unable to provide sufficient food and nutrition to 
sustain the global population, among vulnerable pop-
ulations and households through inclusive growth, 
while reducing reliance upon emergency food and eco-
nomic assistance;’’; 
(4) by amending paragraph (6) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(6) improve the nutritional status of women, 
adolescent girls, and children, with a focus on reduc-
ing child stunting and incidence of wasting, includ-
ing through the promotion of highly nutritious foods, 
diet diversification, large-scale food fortification, and 
nutritional behaviors that improve maternal and 
child health and nutrition, especially during the first 
1,000-day window until a child reaches 2 years of 
age;’’; and 
(5) in paragraph (7)— 
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(A) by striking ‘‘science and technology,’’ 
and inserting ‘‘combating fragility, resilience, 
science and technology, natural resource manage-
ment’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, including deworming,’’ 
after ‘‘nutrition,’’. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—Section 4 of the Global Food Secu-
rity Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, including 
in response to shocks and stresses to food and nutri-
tion security’’ before the period at the end; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (12) 
as paragraphs (5) through (13), respectively; 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(4) FOOD
SYSTEM.—The term ‘food system’ 
means the intact or whole unit made up of inter-
related components of people, behaviors, relationships, 
and material goods that interact in the production, 
processing, packaging, transporting, trade, marketing, 
consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber through 
aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and 
pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by 
social, political, economic, and environmental con-
texts.’’; 
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(4) in paragraph (6), as redesignated, by amend-
ing subparagraph (H) to read as follows: 
‘‘(H) local agricultural producers, including 
farmer and fisher organizations, cooperatives, 
small-scale producers, youth, and women; and’’; 
(5) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by insert-
ing ‘‘the Inter-American Foundation,’’ after ‘‘United 
States African Development Foundation,’’; 
(6) in paragraph (9), as redesignated— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘agriculture and food’’ be-
fore ‘‘systems’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, including global food ca-
tastrophes,’’ after ‘‘food security’’; 
(7) in paragraph (10), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘fishers’’ and inserting ‘‘artisanal fishing commu-
nities’’; 
(8) in paragraph (11), as redesignated, by 
amending subparagraphs (D) and (E) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(D) is a marker of an environment defi-
cient in the various needs that allow for a child’s 
healthy growth, including nutrition; and 
‘‘(E) is associated with long-term poor 
health, delayed motor development, impaired 
cognitive function, and decreased immunity.’’; 
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(9) in paragraph (13), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘agriculture and nutrition security’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘food and nutrition security and agriculture-led 
economic growth’’; and 
(10) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(14) WASTING.—The term ‘wasting’ means— 
‘‘(A) a life-threatening condition attrib-
utable to poor nutrient intake or disease that is 
characterized by a rapid deterioration in nutri-
tional status over a short period of time; and 
‘‘(B) in the case of children, is characterized 
by low weight for height and weakened immu-
nity, increasing their risk of death due to greater 
frequency and severity of common infection, par-
ticularly when severe.’’. 
(d) COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRAT-
EGY.—Section 5(a) of the Global Food Security Act of 2016 
(22 U.S.C. 9304) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘country- 
owned agriculture, nutrition, and food security policy 
and investment plans’’ and inserting ‘‘partner coun-
try-led agriculture, nutrition, regulatory, food secu-
rity, and water resources management policy and in-
vestment plans and governance systems’’; 
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(2) by amending paragraph (5) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(5) support the locally-led and inclusive devel-
opment of agriculture and food systems, including by 
enhancing the extent to which small-scale food pro-
ducers, especially women, have access to and control 
over the inputs, skills, resource management capacity, 
networking, bargaining power, financing, market 
linkages, technology, and information needed to 
sustainably increase productivity and incomes, reduce 
poverty and malnutrition, and promote long-term 
economic prosperity;’’; 
(3) in paragraph (6)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘, adolescent girls,’’ after 
‘‘women’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘and preventing incidence 
of wasting’’ after ‘‘reducing child stunting’’; 
(4) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘poor water 
resource management and’’ after ‘‘including’’; 
(5) in paragraph (8)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the long-term success of 
programs’’ and inserting ‘‘long-term impact’’; 
and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, including agricultural 
research capacity,’’ after ‘‘institutions’’; 
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(6) in paragraph (9), by striking ‘‘integrate re-
silience and nutrition strategies into food security 
programs, such that chronically vulnerable popu-
lations are better able to’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinate 
with and complement relevant strategies to ensure 
that chronically vulnerable populations are better able 
to adapt,’’; 
(7) by redesignating paragraph (17) as para-
graph (22); 
(8) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through 
(16) as paragraphs (14) through (18), respectively; 
(9) by striking paragraphs (10) and (11) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(10) develop community and producer resilience 
and adaptation strategies to disasters, emergencies, 
and other shocks and stresses to food and nutrition se-
curity, including conflicts, droughts, flooding, pests, 
and diseases, that adversely impact agricultural yield 
and livelihoods; 
‘‘(11) harness science, technology, and innova-
tion, including the research and extension activities 
supported by the private sector, relevant Federal de-
partments and agencies, Feed the Future Innovation 
Labs or any successor entities, and international and 
local researchers and innovators, recognizing that sig-
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nificant investments in research and technological ad-
vances will be necessary to reduce global poverty, hun-
ger, and malnutrition; 
‘‘(12) use evidenced-based best practices, includ-
ing scientific and forecasting data, and improved 
planning and coordination by, with, and among key 
partners and relevant Federal departments and agen-
cies to identify, analyze, measure, and mitigate risks, 
and strengthen resilience capacities; 
‘‘(13) ensure scientific and forecasting data is 
accessible and usable by affected communities and fa-
cilitate communication and collaboration among local 
stakeholders in support of adaptation planning and 
implementation, including scenario planning and 
preparedness using seasonal forecasting and scientific 
and local knowledge;’’; 
(10) in paragraph (15), as redesignated, by in-
serting ‘‘nongovernmental organizations, including’’ 
after ‘‘civil society,’’; 
(11) in paragraph (16), as redesignated, by in-
serting ‘‘and coordination, as appropriate,’’ after 
‘‘collaboration’’; 
(12) in paragraph (18), as redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘section 8(b)(4); and’’ and inserting ‘‘section 
8(a)(4);’’; and 
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(13) by inserting after paragraph (18), as redes-
ignated, the following: 
‘‘(19) improve the efficiency and resilience of ag-
ricultural production, including management of 
crops, rangelands, pastures, livestock, fisheries, and 
aquacultures; 
‘‘(20) ensure investments in food and nutrition 
security consider and integrate best practices in the 
management and governance of natural resources and 
conservation, especially among food insecure popu-
lations living in or near biodiverse ecosystems; 
‘‘(21) be periodically updated in a manner that 
reflects learning and best practices; and’’. 
(e) PERIODIC UPDATES.—Section 5 of the Global Food 
Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9304), as amended by sub-
section (d), is further amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(d) PERIODIC UPDATES.—Not less frequently than 
quinquennially through fiscal year 2030, the President, in 
consultation with the head of each relevant Federal depart-
ment and agency, shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees updates to the Global Food Security 
Strategy required under subsection (a) and the agency-spe-
cific plans described in subsection (c)(2).’’. 
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(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS TO IMPLE-
MENT THE GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY STRATEGY.—Section 
6(b) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 9305(b)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘$1,000,600,000 for each of fiscal 
years 
2017 
through 
2023’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘$1,200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2024 
through 2028’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: ‘‘Amounts 
authorized to appropriated under this subsection 
should be prioritized to carry out programs and ac-
tivities in target countries.’’. 
(g) EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 7 of the Global Food 
Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9306) is amended by 
striking ‘‘(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—’’ and all that 
follows through ‘‘It shall be’’ and inserting ‘‘It shall 
be’’. 
(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Sec-
tion 492(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 
2292a(a)) 
is 
amended 
by 
striking 
‘‘$2,794,184,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 
2023, of which up to $1,257,382,000’’ and inserting 
‘‘$3,905,460,000 for each of the fiscal years 2024 
through 2028, of which up to $1,757,457,000’’. 
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(h) REPORTS.—Section 8(a) of the Global Food Secu-
rity Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9307) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘During each of the first 7 
years after the date of the submission of the 
strategy required under section 5(c),’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘For each of the fiscal years through 2028,’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘reports that describe’’ and 
inserting ‘‘a report that describes’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘at the end of the reporting 
period’’ and inserting ‘‘during the preceding 
year’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, including 
any changes to the target countries selected pursuant 
to the selection criteria described in section 5(a)(2) 
and justifications for any such changes’’ before the 
semicolon at the end; 
(3) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘identify 
and’’ before ‘‘describe’’; 
(4) by redesignating paragraphs (12) through 
(14) as paragraphs (15) through (17), respectively; 
(5) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (11) 
as paragraphs (7) through (13), respectively; 
(6) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
following: 
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‘‘(4) identify and describe the priority quan-
titative metrics used to establish baselines and per-
formance targets at the initiative, country, and zone 
of influence levels; 
‘‘(5) identify such established baselines and per-
formance targets at the country and zone of influence 
levels; 
‘‘(6) identify the output and outcome benchmarks 
and indicators used to measure results annually, and 
report the annual measurement of results for each of 
the priority metrics identified pursuant to paragraph 
(4), disaggregated by age, gender, and disability, to 
the extent practicable and appropriate, in an open 
and transparent manner that is accessible to the peo-
ple of the United States;’’; 
(7) in paragraph (7), as redesignated, by strik-
ing ‘‘agriculture’’ and inserting ‘‘food’’; 
(8) in paragraph (8), as redesignated— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘quantitative and quali-
tative’’ after ‘‘how’’; and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘at the initiative, country, 
and zone of influence levels, including longitu-
dinal data and key uncertainties’’ before the 
semicolon at the end; 
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(9) in paragraph (9), as redesignated, by insert-
ing ‘‘within target countries, amounts and justifica-
tion for any spending outside of target countries’’ 
after ‘‘amounts spent’’; 
(10) in paragraph (13), as redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘and the impact of private sector invest-
ment’’ and inserting ‘‘and efforts to encourage finan-
cial donor burden sharing and the impact of such in-
vestment and efforts’’; 
(11) by inserting after paragraph (13), as redes-
ignated, the following: 
‘‘(14) describe how agriculture research is 
prioritized within the Global Food Security Strategy 
to support agriculture-led growth and eventual self- 
sufficiency and assess efforts to coordinate research 
programs within the Global Food Security Strategy 
with key stakeholders;’’; 
(12) in paragraph (16), as redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(13) in paragraph (17), as redesignated— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘, including key challenges 
or missteps,’’ after ‘‘lessons learned’’; and 
(B) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(14) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(18) during the final year of each strategy re-
quired under section 5, complete country graduation 
reports to determine whether a country should remain 
a target country based on quantitative and quali-
tative analysis.’’. 
SEC. 5589. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF CERTAIN EX-
PORT CONTROLS. 
(a) EXTENSION OF EXPORT PROHIBITION ON MUNI-
TIONS ITEMS TO THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE.—Sec-
tion 3 of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to prohibit the commercial 
export of covered munitions items to the Hong Kong Police 
Force’’, approved November 27, 2019 (Public Law 116–77; 
133 Stat. 1173), is amended by striking ‘‘shall expire’’ and 
all that follows and inserting ‘‘shall expire on December 31, 
2024.’’. 
(b) MODIFICATION
OF AUTHORITY
OF PRESIDENT 
UNDER EXPORT CONTROL REFORM ACT OF 2018.—Section 
1753(a)(2)(F) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
(50 U.S.C. 4812(a)(2)(F)) is amended by inserting ‘‘, secu-
rity, or’’ before ‘‘intelligence’’. 
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SEC. 5590. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
THE SALE, SUPPLY, OR TRANSFER OF GOLD 
TO OR FROM RUSSIA. 
(a) IDENTIFICATION.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and periodically as nec-
essary thereafter, the President— 
(1) shall submit to Congress a report identifying 
foreign persons that knowingly participated in a sig-
nificant transaction— 
(A) for the sale, supply, or transfer (includ-
ing transportation) of gold, directly or indi-
rectly, to or from the Russian Federation or the 
Government of the Russian Federation, includ-
ing from reserves of the Central Bank of the Rus-
sian Federation held outside the Russian Federa-
tion; or 
(B) that otherwise involved gold in which 
the Government of the Russian Federation had 
any interest; and 
(2) shall impose the sanctions described in sub-
section (b)(1) with respect to each such person; and 
(3) may impose the sanctions described in sub-
section (b)(2) with respect to any such person that is 
an alien. 
(b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions described 
in this subsection are the following: 
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(1) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The exercise of all 
powers granted to the President by the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all 
transactions in all property and interests in property 
of a foreign person identified in the report required 
by subsection (a)(1) if such property and interests in 
property are in the United States, come within the 
United States, or are or come within the possession 
or control of a United States person. 
(2) INELIGIBILITY FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PA-
ROLE.— 
(A) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR
PAROLE.—An 
alien described in subsection (a)(1) is— 
(i) inadmissible to the United States; 
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
documentation to enter the United States; 
and 
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
or paroled into the United States or to re-
ceive any other benefit under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et 
seq.). 
(B) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.— 
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(i) IN GENERAL.—The issuing consular 
officer, the Secretary of State, or the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security (or a designee 
of one of such Secretaries) shall, in accord-
ance with section 221(i) of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), re-
voke any visa or other entry documentation 
issued to an alien described in subsection 
(a)(1). 
(ii) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—The revoca-
tion under clause (i) of a visa or other 
entry documentation issued to an alien 
shall— 
(I) take effect immediately; and 
(II) automatically cancel any 
other valid visa or entry documenta-
tion that is in the alien’s possession. 
(c) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 
(1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exer-
cise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 
205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers 
Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this sec-
tion. 
(2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at-
tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a vio-
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lation of this section or any regulation, license, or 
order issued to carry out this section shall be subject 
to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a 
person that commits an unlawful act described in 
subsection (a) of that section. 
(d) NATIONAL INTEREST WAIVER.—The President 
may waive the imposition of sanctions under this section 
with respect to a person if the President— 
(1) determines that such a waiver is in the na-
tional interests of the United States; and 
(2) submits to Congress a notification of the 
waiver and the reasons for the waiver. 
(e) TERMINATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), the requirement to impose sanctions under 
this section, and any sanctions imposed under this 
section, shall terminate on the earlier of— 
(A) the date that is 3 years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act; or 
(B) the date that is 30 days after the date 
on which the President certifies to Congress 
that— 
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(i) the Government of the Russian Fed-
eration has ceased its destabilizing activities 
with respect to the sovereignty and terri-
torial integrity of Ukraine; and 
(ii) such termination in the national 
interests of the United States. 
(2) TRANSITION RULES.— 
(A) CONTINUATION OF CERTAIN AUTHORI-
TIES.—Any authorities exercised before the ter-
mination date under paragraph (1) to impose 
sanctions with respect to a foreign person under 
this section may continue to be exercised on and 
after that date if the President determines that 
the continuation of those authorities is in the na-
tional interests of the United States. 
(B) APPLICATION TO ONGOING INVESTIGA-
TIONS.—The termination date under paragraph 
(1) shall not apply to any investigation of a 
civil or criminal violation of this section or any 
regulation, license, or order issued to carry out 
this section, or the imposition of a civil or crimi-
nal penalty for such a violation, if— 
(i) the violation occurred before the ter-
mination date; or 
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(ii) the person involved in the violation 
continues to be subject to sanctions pursu-
ant to subparagraph (A). 
(f) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(1) 
EXCEPTIONS
FOR
AUTHORIZED
INTEL-
LIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AND NATIONAL SE-
CURITY
ACTIVITIES.—This section shall not apply 
with respect to activities subject to the reporting re-
quirements under title V of the National Security Act 
of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.) or any authorized in-
telligence, law enforcement, or national security ac-
tivities of the United States. 
(2) 
EXCEPTION
TO
COMPLY
WITH
INTER-
NATIONAL AGREEMENTS.—Sanctions under subsection 
(b)(2) may not apply with respect to the admission 
of an alien to the United States if such admission is 
necessary to comply with the obligations of the United 
States under the Agreement regarding the Head-
quarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Suc-
cess June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 
21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United 
States, or the Convention on Consular Relations, done 
at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force 
March 19, 1967, or other international obligations. 
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(3) HUMANITARIAN EXEMPTION.—The President 
shall not impose sanctions under this section with re-
spect to any person for conducting or facilitating a 
transaction for the sale of agricultural commodities, 
food, medicine, or medical devices or for the provision 
of humanitarian assistance. 
(4) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF 
GOODS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The requirement or au-
thority to impose sanctions under this section 
shall not include the authority or a requirement 
to impose sanctions on the importation of goods. 
(B) GOOD
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, 
the term ‘‘good’’ means any article, natural or 
manmade substance, material, supply, or manu-
factured product, including inspection and test 
equipment, and excluding technical data. 
(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The terms ‘‘admission’’, ‘‘admitted’’, ‘‘alien’’, 
and ‘‘lawfully admitted for permanent residence’’ 
have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101). 
(2) The term ‘‘foreign person’’ means an indi-
vidual or entity that is not a United States person. 
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(3) The term ‘‘knowingly’’, with respect to con-
duct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person 
has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the 
conduct, the circumstance, or the result. 
(4) The term ‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(A) a United States citizen or an alien law-
fully admitted for permanent residence to the 
United States; 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of 
the United States or any jurisdiction within the 
United States, including a foreign branch of 
such an entity; or 
(C) any person in the United States. 
SEC. 5591. RENEGOTIATION OF COMPACTS OF FREE ASSO-
CIATION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
as follows: 
(1) The United States shares deep ties, history 
and interests with the Freely Associated States of the 
Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of 
Micronesia, and Palau and continues a special, 
unique and mutually beneficial relationship with 
them under the decades-old Compacts of Free Associa-
tion. 
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(2) Under the Compacts, the United States has 
undertaken the responsibility and obligation to pro-
vide and ensure the security and defense of the Freely 
Associated States. 
(3) The Compacts are critical to the national se-
curity of the United States and its allies and partners 
and are the bedrock of the United States role in the 
Pacific. 
(4) Renewal of key provisions of the Compacts, 
now being renegotiated with each nation, is critical 
for regional security. 
(5) Maintaining and strengthening the Compacts 
supports both United States national security and the 
United States responsibility for the security and de-
fense of the Freely Associated States. 
(b) BRIEFING ON RENEGOTIATIONS.—Not later than 
90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of De-
fense and the Secretary of the Interior, shall brief the fol-
lowing committees on the status of the renegotiations of the 
Compacts of Free Association described in subsection (a) 
and opportunities to expand its support for the renegoti-
ations: 
(1) The congressional defense committees. 
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(2) The Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(3) The Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 5592. SECRETARY OF STATE ASSISTANCE FOR PRIS-
ONERS IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States that— 
(1) the Islamic Republic of Iran should allow the 
United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation 
of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 
unimpeded access to facilitate the full implementation 
of the mandate of the United Nations Special 
Rapporteur, including— 
(A) investigating alleged violations of 
human rights that are occurring or have oc-
curred both within prisons and elsewhere; 
(B) transmitting urgent appeals and letters 
to the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding alleged 
violations of human rights; and 
(C) engaging with relevant stakeholders in 
the Islamic Republic of Iran and the sur-
rounding region; 
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(2) the Islamic Republic of Iran should imme-
diately end violations of the human rights of political 
prisoners or persons imprisoned for exercising the 
right to freedom of speech, including— 
(A) torture; 
(B) denial of access to health care; and 
(C) denial of a fair trial; 
(3) all prisoners of conscience and political pris-
oners in the Islamic Republic of Iran should be un-
conditionally and immediately released; 
(4) all diplomatic tools of the United States 
should be invoked to ensure that all prisoners of con-
science and political prisoners in the Islamic Repub-
lic of Iran are released, including raising individual 
cases of particular concern; and 
(5) all officials of the government of the Islamic 
Republic of Iran who are responsible for human 
rights abuses in the form of politically motivated im-
prisonment should be held to account, including 
through the imposition of sanctions pursuant to the 
Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act 
(22 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.) and other applicable statu-
tory authorities of the United States. 
(b) ASSISTANCE FOR PRISONERS.—The Secretary of 
State is authorized to continue to provide assistance to civil 
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2298 
society organizations that support prisoners of conscience 
and political prisoners in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in-
cluding organizations that— 
(1) work to secure the release of such prisoners; 
(2) document violations of human rights with re-
spect to such prisoners; 
(3) support international advocacy to raise 
awareness of issues relating to such prisoners; 
(4) support the health, including mental health, 
of such prisoners; and 
(5) provide post-incarceration assistance to en-
able such prisoners to resume normal lives, including 
access to education, employment, or other forms of 
reparation. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘political prisoner’’ means a per-
son who has been detained or imprisoned on politi-
cally motivated grounds. 
(2) The term ‘‘prisoner of conscience’’ means a 
person who— 
(A) is imprisoned or otherwise physically 
restricted solely in response to the peaceful exer-
cise of the human rights of such person; and 
(B) has not used violence or advocated vio-
lence or hatred. 
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SEC. 5593. IRAN NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAPABILITY AND TER-
RORISM MONITORING ACT OF 2022. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Iran Nuclear Weapons Capability and Terrorism Moni-
toring Act of 2022’’. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) an Islamic Republic of Iran that possesses a 
nuclear weapons capability would be a serious threat 
to the national security of the United States, Israel, 
and other allies and partners; 
(2) the Islamic Republic of Iran has been less 
than cooperative with international inspectors from 
the International Atomic Energy Agency and has ob-
structed their ability to inspect facilities as well as 
data and recordings collected by surveillance equip-
ment across Iran; 
(3) the Islamic Republic of Iran continues to ad-
vance missile and drone programs, which are a threat 
to the national security of the United States, Israel, 
and other allies and partners; 
(4) the Islamic Republic of Iran continues to 
support proxies in the Middle East in a manner 
that— 
(A) undermines the sovereignty of regional 
governments; 
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(B) threatens the safety of United States 
citizens; 
(C) threatens United States allies and part-
ners; and 
(D) directly undermines the national secu-
rity interests of the United States; 
(5) the Islamic Republic of Iran has engaged in 
assassination plots against former United States offi-
cials and has been implicated in plots to kidnap 
United States citizens within the United States; 
(6) the Islamic Republic of Iran is engaged in 
unsafe and unprofessional maritime activity that 
threatens the movement of naval vessels of the United 
States and the free flow of commerce through strategic 
maritime chokepoints in the Middle East and North 
Africa; 
(7) the Islamic Republic of Iran has delivered 
hundreds of armed drones to the Russian Federation, 
which will enable Vladimir Putin to continue the as-
sault against Ukraine in direct opposition of the na-
tional security interests of the United States; and 
(8) the United States must— 
(A) ensure that the Islamic Republic of Iran 
does not acquire a nuclear weapons capability; 
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(B) protect against aggression from the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran manifested through its 
missiles and drone programs; and 
(C) counter regional and global terrorism of 
the Islamic Republic of Iran in a manner that 
minimizes the threat posed by state and non- 
state actors to the interests of the United States. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on 
Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources, and the Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on 
Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce, and the Permanent Select Committee 
on Intelligence of the House of Representatives. 
(2) 
COMPREHENSIVE
SAFEGUARDS
AGREE-
MENT.—The term ‘‘Comprehensive Safeguards Agree-
ment’’ means the Agreement between the Islamic Re-
public of Iran and the International Atomic Energy 
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Agency for the Application of Safeguards in Connec-
tion with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nu-
clear Weapons, done at Vienna June 19, 1973. 
(3) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘in-
telligence community’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 
(50 U.S.C. 3003). 
(4) TASK FORCE.—The term ‘‘task force’’ means 
the task force established under subsection (d). 
(5) UNMANNED
AIRCRAFT
SYSTEM.—The term 
‘‘unmanned aircraft system’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 44801 of title 49, United States 
Code. 
(d) ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE 
ON NUCLEAR ACTIVITY AND GLOBAL REGIONAL TERRORISM 
OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State 
shall establish a task force to coordinate and syn-
thesize efforts by the United States Government re-
garding— 
(A) nuclear activity of the Islamic Republic 
of Iran or its proxies; and 
(B) regional and global terrorism activity 
by the Islamic Republic of Iran or its proxies. 
(2) COMPOSITION.— 
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(A) CHAIRPERSON.—The Secretary of State 
shall be the Chairperson of the task force. 
(B) MEMBERSHIP.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The task force shall 
be composed of individuals, each of whom 
shall be an employee of and appointed to 
the task force by the head of one of the fol-
lowing agencies: 
(I) The Department of State. 
(II) The Department of Defense. 
(III) The Department of Energy. 
(ii) 
ADDITIONAL
MEMBERS.—The 
Chairperson may appoint to the task force 
additional individuals from other Federal 
agencies, as the Chairperson considers nec-
essary. 
(iii) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY SUP-
PORT.—The Director of National Intel-
ligence shall ensure that the task force re-
ceives all appropriate support from the in-
telligence community. 
(3) SUNSET.—The task force shall terminate on 
December 31, 2028. 
(e) ASSESSMENTS.— 
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(1) INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT ON NUCLEAR AC-
TIVITY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
every 180 days thereafter until December 31, 
2028, the Director of National Intelligence shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees an assessment regarding any uranium en-
richment, nuclear weapons development, delivery 
vehicle development, and associated engineering 
and research activities of the Islamic Republic of 
Iran. 
(B) CONTENTS.—The assessment required 
by subparagraph (A) shall include— 
(i) a description and location of cur-
rent fuel cycle activities for the production 
of fissile material being undertaken by the 
Islamic Republic of Iran, including— 
(I) research and development ac-
tivities to procure or construct addi-
tional advanced IR-2, IR-6 and other 
model centrifuges and enrichment cas-
cades, including for stable isotopes; 
(II) research and development of 
reprocessing capabilities, including— 
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(aa) reprocessing of spent 
fuel; and 
(bb) extraction of medical 
isotopes from irradiated uranium 
targets; 
(III) activities with respect to de-
signing or constructing reactors, in-
cluding— 
(aa) 
the 
construction 
of 
heavy water reactors; 
(bb) the manufacture or pro-
curement of reactor components, 
including the intended applica-
tion of such components; and 
(cc) efforts to rebuild the 
original reactor at Arak; 
(IV) uranium mining, concentra-
tion, conversion, and fuel fabrication, 
including— 
(aa) estimated uranium ore 
production capacity and annual 
recovery; 
(bb) recovery processes and 
ore concentrate production capac-
ity and annual recovery; 
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(cc) research and develop-
ment with respect to, and the an-
nual rate of, conversion of ura-
nium; and 
(dd) research and develop-
ment with respect to the fabrica-
tion of reactor fuels, including the 
use of depleted, natural, and en-
riched uranium; and 
(V) activities with respect to— 
(aa) producing or acquiring 
plutonium or uranium (or their 
alloys); 
(bb) conducting research and 
development on plutonium or ura-
nium (or their alloys); 
(cc) uranium metal; or 
(dd) casting, forming, or ma-
chining plutonium or uranium; 
(ii) with respect to any activity de-
scribed in clause (i), a description, as ap-
plicable, of— 
(I) the number and type of cen-
trifuges used to enrich uranium and 
the operating status of such centrifuges; 
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(II) the number and location of 
any enrichment or associated research 
and development facility used to en-
gage in such activity; 
(III) the amount of heavy water, 
in metric tons, produced by such activ-
ity and the acquisition or manufacture 
of major reactor components, includ-
ing, for the second and subsequent as-
sessments, the amount produced since 
the last assessment; 
(IV) the number and type of fuel 
assemblies produced by the Islamic Re-
public of Iran, including failed or re-
jected assemblies; and 
(V) the total amount of— 
(aa) uranium–235 enriched 
to not greater than 5 percent pu-
rity; 
(bb) uranium–235 enriched 
to greater than 5 percent purity 
and not greater than 20 percent 
purity; 
(cc) uranium–235 enriched 
to greater than 20 percent purity 
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and not greater than 60 percent 
purity; 
(dd) uranium–235 enriched 
to greater than 60 percent purity 
and not greater than 90 percent 
purity; and 
(ee) uranium–235 enriched 
greater than 90 percent purity; 
(iii) 
a 
description 
of 
any 
weaponization plans and weapons develop-
ment capabilities of the Islamic Republic of 
Iran, including— 
(I) plans and capabilities with re-
spect to— 
(aa) weapon design, includ-
ing fission, warhead miniaturiza-
tion, and boosted and early ther-
monuclear weapon design; 
(bb) high yield fission devel-
opment; 
(cc) design, development, ac-
quisition, or use of computer mod-
els to simulate nuclear explosive 
devices; 
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(dd) 
design, 
development, 
fabricating, acquisition, or use of 
explosively driven neutron sources 
or specialized materials for explo-
sively driven neutron sources; and 
(ee) design, development, fab-
rication, acquisition, or use of 
precision machining and tooling 
that could enable the production 
of nuclear explosive device compo-
nents; 
(II) the ability of the Islamic Re-
public of Iran to deploy a working or 
reliable delivery vehicle capable of car-
rying a nuclear warhead; 
(III) the estimated breakout time 
for the Islamic Republic of Iran to de-
velop and deploy a nuclear weapon, 
including a crude nuclear weapon; and 
(IV) the status and location of 
any research and development work 
site related to the preparation of an 
underground nuclear test; 
(iv) an identification of any clandes-
tine nuclear facilities; 
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(v) an assessment of whether the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran maintains locations 
to store equipment, research archives, or 
other material previously used for a weap-
ons program or that would be of use to a 
weapons program that the Islamic Republic 
of Iran has not declared to the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency; 
(vi) any diversion by the Islamic Re-
public of Iran of uranium, carbon-fiber, or 
other materials for use in an undeclared or 
clandestine facility; 
(vii) an assessment of activities related 
to developing or acquiring the capabilities 
for the production of nuclear weapons, con-
ducted at facilities controlled by the Min-
istry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics 
of Iran, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard 
Corps, and the Organization of Defensive 
Innovation and Research, including an 
analysis of gaps in knowledge; 
(viii) a description of activities be-
tween the Islamic Republic of Iran and 
other countries or persons with respect to 
sharing information on, or providing other 
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forms of support for, the acquisition of a 
nuclear weapons capability or activities re-
lated to weaponization; 
(ix) with respect to any new ballistic, 
cruise, or hypersonic missiles being designed 
and tested by the Islamic Republic of Iran 
or any of its proxies, a description of— 
(I) the type of missile; 
(II) the range of such missiles; 
(III) the capability of such mis-
siles to deliver a nuclear warhead; 
(IV) the number of such missiles; 
and 
(V) any testing of such missiles; 
(x) an assessment of whether the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran or any of its proxies 
possesses an unmanned aircraft system or 
other military equipment capable of deliv-
ering a nuclear weapon; and 
(xi) an assessment of the extent to 
which the Islamic Republic of Iran is pro-
viding drones, missiles, or related tech-
nology from other countries to its proxies or 
partners. 
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(2) ASSESSMENT
ON
SUPPORT
FOR
REGIONAL 
AND GLOBAL TERRORISM OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC 
OF IRAN.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter until December 31, 2028, the 
Director of National Intelligence shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees an as-
sessment regarding the regional and global ter-
rorism of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
(B) CONTENTS.—The assessment required 
by subparagraph (A) shall include— 
(i) a description of the lethal support 
of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including 
training, equipment, and associated intel-
ligence support, to regional and global non- 
state terrorist groups and proxies; 
(ii) a description of the lethal support 
of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including 
training and equipment, to state actors; 
(iii) an assessment of financial sup-
port of the Islamic Republic of Iran to non- 
state terrorist groups and proxies and asso-
ciated Iranian revenue streams funding 
such support; 
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(iv) an assessment of the threat posed 
by the Islamic Republic of Iran and Ira-
nian-supported groups to members of the 
Armed Forces, diplomats, and military and 
diplomatic facilities of the United States; 
(v) a description of attacks by, or 
sponsored by, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
against members of the Armed Forces, dip-
lomats, and military and diplomatic facili-
ties of the United States and the associated 
response by the United States Government 
in the previous year; 
(vi) a description of attacks by, or 
sponsored by, the Islamic Republic of Iran 
against United States partners or allies and 
the associated response by the United States 
Government in the previous year; 
(vii) an assessment of interference by 
the Islamic Republic of Iran into the elec-
tions and political processes of sovereign 
countries in the Middle East and North Af-
rica in an effort to create conditions for or 
shape agendas more favorable to the policies 
of the Government of the Islamic Republic 
of Iran; 
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(viii) a description of any plots by the 
Islamic Republic of Iran against former 
and current United States officials; 
(ix) a description of any plots by the 
Islamic Republic of Iran against United 
States citizens both abroad and within the 
United States; and 
(x) a description of maritime activity 
of the Islamic Republic of Iran and associ-
ated impacts on the free flow of commerce 
and the national security interests of the 
United States. 
(3) FORM; 
PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY; 
DUPLICA-
TION.— 
(A) FORM.—Each assessment required by 
this subsection shall be submitted in unclassified 
form but may include a classified annex for in-
formation that, if released, would be detrimental 
to the national security of the United States. In 
addition, any classified portion may contain an 
additional annex provided to the congressional 
intelligence committees that details information 
and analysis that would otherwise disclose sen-
sitive sources and methods. 
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(B) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The unclassi-
fied portion of an assessment required by this 
subsection shall be made available to the public 
on an internet website of the Office of the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence. 
(C) DUPLICATION.—For any assessment re-
quired by this subsection, the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence may rely upon existing prod-
ucts that reflect the current analytic judgment of 
the intelligence community, including reports or 
products produced in response to congressional 
mandate or requests from executive branch offi-
cials. 
(f) DIPLOMATIC STRATEGY TO ADDRESS IDENTIFIED 
NUCLEAR, BALLISTIC MISSILE, AND TERRORISM THREATS 
TO THE UNITED STATES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after 
the submission of the initial assessment under sub-
section (e)(1), and annually thereafter until December 
31, 2028, the Secretary of State, in consultation with 
the task force, shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a diplomatic strategy that out-
lines a comprehensive plan for engaging with part-
ners and allies of the United States regarding ura-
nium enrichment, nuclear weaponization, missile de-
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velopment, and drone-related activities and regional 
and global terrorism of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The diplomatic strategy re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) an assessment of whether the Islamic 
Republic of Iran— 
(i) is in compliance with the Com-
prehensive Safeguards Agreement and modi-
fied Code 3.1 of the Subsidiary Arrange-
ments to the Comprehensive Safeguards 
Agreement as well as the nuclear related 
commitments endorsed in United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015); 
and 
(ii) has denied access to sites that the 
International Atomic Energy Agency has 
sought to inspect during previous 1-year pe-
riod; 
(B) a description of any dual-use item (as 
defined under section 730.3 of title 15, Code of 
Federal Regulations or listed on the List of Nu-
clear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, 
Software, and Related Technology issued by the 
Nuclear Suppliers Group or any successor list) 
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the Islamic Republic of Iran is using to further 
the nuclear weapon, missile, or drone program; 
(C) a description of efforts of the United 
States to counter efforts of the Islamic Republic 
of Iran to project political and military influ-
ence into the Middle East; 
(D) a description of efforts to address the 
increased threat that new or evolving uranium 
enrichment, nuclear weaponization, missile, or 
drone development activities by the Islamic Re-
public of Iran pose to United States citizens, the 
diplomatic presence of the United States in the 
Middle East, and the national security interests 
of the United States; 
(E) a description of efforts to address the 
threat that terrorism by, or sponsored by, the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran poses to United States 
citizens, the diplomatic presence of the United 
States in the Middle East, and the national secu-
rity interests of the United States; 
(F) a description of efforts to address the 
impact of the influence of the Islamic Republic 
of Iran on sovereign governments on the safety 
and security of United States citizens, the diplo-
matic presence of the United States in the Mid-
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dle East, and the national security interests of 
the United States; 
(G) a description of a coordinated whole-of- 
government approach to use political, economic, 
and security related tools to address such activi-
ties; and 
(H) a comprehensive plan for engaging with 
allies and regional partners in all relevant mul-
tilateral fora to address such activities. 
(3) UPDATED STRATEGY RELATED TO NOTIFICA-
TION.—Not later than 45 days after the Chairperson 
determines that there has been a significant develop-
ment in the nuclear weapons capability or nuclear 
weapons delivery systems capability of the Islamic 
Republic of Iran, the Secretary of State shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees an up-
date to the most recent diplomatic strategy submitted 
under paragraph (1). 
Subtitle H—Reports 
SEC. 5594. MODIFICATION TO PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS 
REPORT. 
Section 6502 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (22 U.S.C. 2348 note) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
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(A) by amending paragraph (4) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(4) As applicable, a description of specific 
training on monitoring and adhering to international 
human rights and humanitarian law provided to the 
foreign country or entity receiving the assistance.’’; 
and 
(B) by striking paragraphs (7) and (8); 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘ON PROGRAMS UNDER PEACEKEEPING OPER-
ATIONS ACCOUNT’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (1), in the matter pre-
ceding subparagraph (A)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘authorized under sec-
tion 551 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2348) and’’ after ‘‘security 
assistance’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘foreign countries’’ and 
all that follows through the colon and in-
serting ‘‘foreign countries for any of the fol-
lowing purposes:’’; 
(3) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection 
(d); and 
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(4) by inserting after subsection (b), as amended, 
the following: 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION OF SUBMISSION.—The Secretary 
of State is authorized to integrate the elements of the report 
required by subsection (b) into other reports required to be 
submitted annually to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees.’’. 
SEC. 5595. REPORT ON INDO-PACIFIC REGION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant 
Secretary of State for the Bureau of East Asian and 
Pacific Affairs, in coordination with the Assistant 
Secretary of State for the Bureau of South and Cen-
tral Asian Affairs and Assistant Administrator for 
the Bureau for Asia of the United States Agency for 
International Development (USAID), shall submit to 
the congressional foreign affairs committees a report 
that contains a 2-year strategy assessing the resources 
and activities required to achieve the policy objectives 
described in subsection (c). 
(2) SUBMISSION AND UPDATE.—The report and 
strategy required by this subsection shall— 
(A) be submitted at the same time as the 
submission of the budget of the President (sub-
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mitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of 
title 31, United States Code) for fiscal year 
2024; and 
(B) be updated and submitted at the same 
time as the submission of the budget of the Presi-
dent (submitted to Congress pursuant to section 
1105 of title 31, United States Code) for fiscal 
years 2026, 2028, and 2030. 
(b) CRITERIA.—The report and strategy required in 
subsection (a) shall be developed in accordance with the fol-
lowing criteria: 
(1) It shall reflect the objective, autonomous, and 
independent assessment of the activities, resources, 
and costs required to achieve objectives detailed in 
subsection (c) by the principals, the subordinate and 
parallel offices providing input into the assessment. 
(2) It shall cover a period of five fiscal years, be-
ginning with the fiscal year following the fiscal year 
in which the report is submitted. 
(3) It shall incorporate input from United States 
Ambassadors in the Indo-Pacific region provided ex-
plicitly for the required report. 
(4) It may include information gathered through 
consultation with program offices and subject matter 
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experts in relevant functional bureaus, as deemed nec-
essary by the principals. 
(5) It shall not be subject to fiscal guidance or 
global strategic tradeoffs associated with the annual 
President’s budget request. 
(c) POLICY OBJECTIVES.—The report and strategy re-
quired in subsection (a) shall assess the activities and re-
sources required to achieve the following policy objectives: 
(1) Implementing the Interim National Security 
Strategic Guidance, or the most recent National Secu-
rity Strategy, with respect to the Indo-Pacific region. 
(2) Implementing the 2022 Indo-Pacific Strat-
egy, or successor documents, that set forth the United 
States Government strategy toward the Indo-Pacific 
region. 
(3) Implementing the State-USAID Joint Stra-
tegic Plan with respect to the Indo-Pacific region. 
(4) Enhancing meaningful diplomatic and eco-
nomic relations with allies and partners in the Indo- 
Pacific and demonstrate an enduring United States 
commitment to the region. 
(5) Securing and advancing United States na-
tional interests in the Indo-Pacific, including through 
countering the malign influence of the Government of 
the People’s Republic of China. 
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(d) MATTERS
TO BE INCLUDED.—The report and 
strategy required under subsection (a) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(1) A description of the Bureaus’ bilateral and 
multilateral goals for the period covered in the report 
that the principals deem necessary to accomplish the 
objectives outlined in subsection (c), disaggregated by 
country and forum. 
(2) A timeline with annual benchmarks for 
achieving the objectives described in subsection (c). 
(3) An assessment of the sufficiency of United 
States diplomatic personnel and facilities currently 
available in the Indo-Pacific region to achieve the ob-
jectives outlined in subsection (c), through consulta-
tion with United States embassies in the region. The 
assessment shall include: 
(A) A list, in priority order, of locations in 
the Indo-Pacific region that require additional 
diplomatic personnel or facilities. 
(B) A description of locations where the 
United States may be able to collocate diplo-
matic personnel at allied or partner embassies 
and consulates. 
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(C) A discussion of embassies or consulates 
where diplomatic staff could be reduced within 
the Indo-Pacific region, where appropriate. 
(D) A detailed description of the fiscal and 
personnel resources required to fill gaps identi-
fied. 
(4) A detailed plan to expand United States dip-
lomatic engagement and foreign assistance presence 
in the Pacific Island nations within the next five 
years, including a description of ‘‘quick impact’’ pro-
grams that can be developed and implemented within 
the first fiscal year of the period covered in the report. 
(5) A discussion of the resources needed to en-
hance United States strategic messaging and spotlight 
coercive behavior by the People’s Republic of China. 
(6) A detailed description of the resources and 
policy tools needed to expand the United States abil-
ity to offer high-quality infrastructure projects in 
strategically significant parts of the Indo-Pacific re-
gion, with a particular focus on expanding invest-
ments in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. 
(7) A gap assessment of security assistance by 
country, and of the resources needed to fill those gaps. 
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(8) A description of the resources and policy 
tools needed to facilitate continued private sector in-
vestment in partner countries in the Indo-Pacific. 
(9) A discussion of any additional bilateral or 
regional assistance resources needed to achieve the ob-
jectives outlined in subsection (c), as deemed nec-
essary by the principals. 
(e) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(f) AVAILABILITY.—Not later than February 1 each 
year, the Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific 
Affairs shall make the report and strategy available to the 
Secretary of State, the Administrator of the USAID, the 
Deputy Secretary of State, the Deputy Secretary of State 
for Management and Resources, the Deputy Administrator 
for Policy and Programming, the Deputy Administrator for 
Management and Resources, the Under Secretary of State 
for Political Affairs, the Director of the Office of Foreign 
Assistance at the Department of State, the Director of the 
Bureau of Foreign Assistance at the USAID, and the Direc-
tor of Policy Planning. 
(g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INDO-PACIFIC REGION.—The term ‘‘Indo-Pa-
cific region’’ means the countries under the jurisdic-
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tion of the Bureau for East Asian and Pacific Af-
fairs, as well as the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, 
India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. 
(2) FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEES.—The term 
‘‘foreign affairs committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Subcommittee on State, Foreign Oper-
ations, and Related Programs of the Committee 
on Appropriations of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and 
the Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, 
Related Programs of the Committee on Appro-
priations of the House of Representatives. 
(3) PRINCIPALS.—The term ‘‘principals’’ means 
the Assistant Secretary of State for the Bureau of 
East Asian and Pacific Affairs, the Assistant Sec-
retary of State for the Bureau of South and Central 
Asian Affairs, and the Assistant Administrator for 
the Bureau for Asia of the United States Agency for 
International Development. 
SEC. 5596. REPORT ON HUMANITARIAN SITUATION AND 
FOOD SECURITY IN LEBANON. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and in coordi-
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nation with the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report that contains an 
evaluation of the humanitarian situation in Lebanon, as 
well as the impact of the deficit of wheat imports due to 
Russia’s further invasion of Ukraine, initiated on February 
24, 2022. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall include the following elements: 
(1) The projected increase in malnutrition in 
Lebanon. 
(2) The estimated increase in the number of food 
insecure individuals in Lebanon. 
(3) The estimated number of individuals who 
will be faced with acute malnutrition due to food 
price inflation in Lebanon. 
(4) Actions United States Government allies and 
partners are taking to address the matters described 
in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). 
(5) The potential impact of food insecurity in 
Lebanon on Department of Defense goals and objec-
tives in Lebanon. 
(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required by sub-
section (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, but 
may contain a classified annex. 
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(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on 
Appropriations of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Ap-
propriations of the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 5597. STATEMENT OF POLICY AND REPORT ON ENGAG-
ING WITH NIGER. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
(1) continue to support Niger’s efforts to advance 
democracy, good governance, human rights, and re-
gional security within its borders through bilateral 
assistance and multilateral initiatives; 
(2) enhance engagement and cooperation with 
the Nigerien Government at all levels as a key compo-
nent of stabilizing the Sahel, where frequent coups 
and other anti-democratic movements, food insecurity, 
violent extremism, and armed conflict threaten to fur-
ther weaken governments throughout the region; and 
(3) work closely with partners and allies 
throughout the international community to elevate 
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2329 
Niger, which experienced its first democratic transi-
tion of power in 2021, as an example of transitioning 
from longstanding military governance and a cycle of 
coups to a democratic, civilian-led form of govern-
ment. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of State, in consultation with the heads of relevant depart-
ments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a report on interagency efforts to en-
hance United States engagement with Niger as a key com-
ponent of the United States Strategy toward the Sahel. 
Such report shall also include the following information 
with respect to the 2 fiscal years preceding the date of the 
submission of the report: 
(1) A description of United States efforts to pro-
mote democracy, political pluralism, fiscal trans-
parency and other good governance initiatives, 
human rights and the rule of law, and a robust and 
engaged civil society. 
(2) A full, detailed breakdown of United States 
assistance provided to help the Nigerien Government 
develop a comprehensive national security strategy, 
including 
to 
counter 
terrorism, 
regional 
and 
transnational organized crime, intercommunal vio-
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2330 
lence, and other forms of armed conflict, criminal ac-
tivity, and other threats to United States and 
Nigerien national security. 
(3) An analysis of relevant resources at the 
United States Embassy in Niamey, including whether 
staff in place by the end of the current fiscal year will 
be sufficient to meet various country and regional 
strategic objectives. 
(4) An overview of foreign partner support for 
Niger’s intelligence and security sector. 
(5) A detailed description of United States and 
international efforts to address food insecurity in 
Niger, including that which is caused by deforest-
ation, desertification, and other climate change-re-
lated issues. 
(6) A breakdown of United States funds obli-
gated for humanitarian assistance in Niger, and an 
analysis of how the security situation in Niger has af-
fected humanitarian operations and diplomatic en-
gagement throughout the country. 
(7) An assessment of foreign malign influence in 
Niger, with a specific focus on the People’s Republic 
of China, the Russian Federation, and their proxies. 
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(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (b) shall 
be submitted in unclassified form, and may include a clas-
sified annex. 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Financial Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 
of the Senate. 
SEC. 5598. REPORT ON BILATERAL SECURITY AND LAW EN-
FORCEMENT COOPERATION WITH MEXICO. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report that 
includes the following: 
(1) A description of past and current bilateral 
security and law enforcement cooperation with Mex-
ico, including through United States Northern Com-
mand, the Department of Homeland Security, the De-
partment of Justice (including the Drug Enforcement 
Administration), and the Department of State (in-
cluding the Bureau of International Narcotics and 
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(C) An assessment of the impact, if any, of 
using the updated Individual Assistance Dec-
laration Factors has had on equity in disaster 
recovery outcomes. 
(D) Recommendations to improve the use of 
the Individual Assistance Declaration Factors to 
increase equity in disaster recovery outcomes. 
(3) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate a report on the review required 
under this section. 
SEC. 5602. FLEXIBILITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1216(a) of the Disaster Re-
covery Reform Act of 2018 (42 U.S.C. 5174a(a)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by amending paragraph (2)(A) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(A) except as provided in subparagraph 
(B), shall— 
‘‘(i) waive a debt owed to the United 
States related to covered assistance provided 
to an individual or household if the covered 
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