447 
ard, nonmethane organic gas emissions shall be measured in ac-
cordance with the procedures entitled ‘‘California Non-Methane 
Organic Gas Test Procedures’’. 
(D) ADJUSTMENT.—In the case of vehicles using fuels other 
than base gasoline, the level of nonmethane organic gas emissions 
shall be adjusted based on the reactivity of the emissions relative 
to vehicles using base gasoline. 
(b) TERMS DEFINED IN CHAPTER 221.—The definitions applicable to 
chapter 221 under section 221101 of this title shall apply for purposes of 
this chapter. 
(c) MODIFICATION OF DEFINITIONS AND METHODS FOR MAKING REAC-
TIVITY ADJUSTMENTS.—The Administrator shall modify the definitions of 
nonmethane organic gas and base gasoline and the methods for making re-
activity adjustments to conform to the definitions and method used in Cali-
fornia under the Low-Emission Vehicle and Clean Fuel Regulations of the 
California Air Resources Board, so long as the California definitions are, 
in the aggregate, at least as protective of public health and welfare as the 
definitions in this section. 
§ 225102. Requirements applicable to clean-fuel vehicles 
(a) PROMULGATION OF STANDARDS.—The Administrator shall promul-
gate regulations under this chapter containing clean-fuel vehicle standards 
for the clean-fuel vehicles specified in this chapter. 
(b) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES OF UP TO 8,500 POUNDS.—Clean-fuel ve-
hicles of up to 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight rating subject to 
standards set forth in this chapter shall comply with all motor vehicle 
requirements of this subdivision (such as requirements relating to on-
board diagnostics, evaporative emissions, and others) that are applica-
ble to conventional gasoline-fueled vehicles of the same category and 
model year, except as provided in section 225104 of this title with re-
spect to administration and enforcement, and except to the extent that 
any such requirement is in conflict with this chapter. 
(2) CLEAN-FUEL VEHICLES OF MORE THAN 8,500 POUNDS.—Clean- 
fuel vehicles of more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight rating 
subject to standards set forth in this chapter shall comply with all re-
quirements of this subdivision that apply to conventional gasoline- 
fueled or diesel-fueled vehicles of the same category and model year, 
except as provided in section 225104 of this title with respect to ad-
ministration and enforcement, and except to the extent that any such 
requirement is in conflict with this chapter. 
(c) IN-USE USEFUL LIFE AND TESTING.— 
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(1) LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES AND LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS UP TO 6,000 
POUNDS.—In the case of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks up 
to 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating, the useful life for purposes 
of determining in-use compliance with the standards under section 
225103 of this title shall be— 
(A) a period of 5 years or 50,000 miles (or the equivalent), 
whichever first occurs, in the case of standards applicable for pur-
poses of certification at 50,000 miles; and 
(B) a period of 10 years or 100,000 miles (or the equivalent), 
whichever first occurs, in the case of standards applicable for pur-
poses of certification at 100,000 miles, except that in-use testing 
shall not be done for a period beyond 7 years or 75,000 miles (or 
the equivalent), whichever first occurs. 
(2) LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OF MORE THAN 6,000 POUNDS.—In the case 
of light-duty trucks of more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight 
rating, the useful life for purposes of determining in-use compliance 
with the standards under section 225103 of this title shall be— 
(A) a period of 5 years or 50,000 miles (or the equivalent), 
whichever first occurs, in the case of standards applicable for pur-
poses of certification at 50,000 miles; and 
(B) a period of 11 years or 120,000 miles (or the equivalent), 
whichever first occurs, in the case of standards applicable for pur-
poses of certification at 120,000 miles, except that in-use testing 
shall not be done for a period beyond 7 years or 90,000 miles (or 
the equivalent), whichever first occurs. 
§ 225103. Standards for light-duty clean-fuel vehicles 
(a) EXHAUST STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES AND CERTAIN 
LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS.— 
(1) APPLICABILITY.—The standards set forth in this subsection shall 
apply in the case of clean-fuel vehicles that are— 
(A) light-duty trucks of up to 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight 
rating (but not including light-duty trucks of more than 3,750 
pounds loaded vehicle weight); or 
(B) light-duty vehicles. 
(2) STANDARDS.—For air pollutants specified in the following table, 
the clean-fuel vehicle standards under this section shall provide that ve-
hicle exhaust emissions shall not exceed the levels specified in the fol-
lowing table. 
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CLEAN FUEL VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OF UP TO 3,750 
LBS. LVW AND UP TO 6,000 LBS. GVWR AND LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES 
Pollutant 
NMOG 
CO 
NOx 
PM* 
HCHO 
(formalde-
hyde) 
50,000 mile standard ................................................................
0.075 
3.4 
0.2 
........
0.015 
100,000 mile standard ..............................................................
0.090 
4.2 
0.3 
0.08 
0.018 
Standards are expressed in grams per mile (gpm). 
*Standards for particulates (PM) shall apply only to diesel-fueled vehicles. 
In the case of the 50,000 mile standards and the 100,000 mile standards, for purposes of certification, the 
applicable useful life shall be 50,000 miles or 100,000 miles, respectively. 
(b) EXHAUST STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OF MORE THAN 
3,750 POUNDS LOADED VEHICLE WEIGHT BUT NOT MORE THAN 5,750 
POUNDS LOADED VEHICLE WEIGHT AND NOT MORE THAN 6,000 POUNDS 
GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RATING.— 
(1) APPLICABILITY.—The standards set forth in this subsection shall 
apply in the case of clean-fuel vehicles that are light-duty trucks of 
more than 3,750 pounds loaded vehicle weight but not more than 5,750 
pounds loaded vehicle weight and not more than 6,000 pounds gross 
vehicle weight rating. 
(2) STANDARDS.—For the air pollutants specified in the following 
table, the clean-fuel vehicle standards under this section shall provide 
that vehicle exhaust emissions shall not exceed the levels specified in 
the following table. 
CLEAN FUEL VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OF MORE THAN 
3,750 LBS. LVW BUT NOT MORE THAN 5,750 LBS. LVW AND NOT MORE THAN 6,000 
LBS. GVWR 
Pollutant 
NMOG 
CO 
NOx 
PM* 
HCHO 
(formalde-
hyde) 
50,000 mile standard ................................................................
0.100 
4.4 
0.4 
........
0.018 
100,000 mile standard ..............................................................
0.130 
5.5 
0.5 
0.08 
0.023 
Standards are expressed in grams per mile (gpm). 
*Standards for particulates (PM) shall apply only to diesel-fueled vehicles. 
In the case of the 50,000 mile standards and the 100,000 mile standards, for purposes of certification, the 
applicable useful life shall be 50,000 miles or 100,000 miles, respectively. 
(c) EXHAUST STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS OF MORE THAN 
6,000 POUNDS.—The standards set forth in this subsection shall apply in 
the case of clean-fuel vehicles that are light-duty trucks of more than 6,000 
pounds gross weight rating and less than or equal to 8,500 pounds gross 
weight rating, beginning with model year 1998. For the air pollutants speci-
fied in the following table, the clean-fuel vehicle standards under this section 
shall provide that vehicle exhaust emissions of vehicles within the test 
weight categories specified in the following table shall not exceed the levels 
specified in the table. 
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CLEAN FUEL VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS GREATER THAN 
6,000 LBS. GVWR 
Test Weight Category: Up to 3,750 lbs. tw 
Pollutant 
NMOG 
CO 
NOx 
PM* 
HCHO 
(formalde-
hyde) 
50,000 mile standard .............................................................
0.125 
3.4 
0.4** 
........
0.015 
120,000 mile standard ...........................................................
0.180 
5.0 
0.6
0.08 
0.022 
Test Weight Category: Above 3,750 but not above 5,750 lbs. tw 
Pollutant 
NMOG 
CO 
NOx 
PM* 
HCHO 
(formalde-
hyde) 
50,000 mile standard .............................................................
0.160 
4.4 
0.7** 
........
0.018 
120,000 mile standard ...........................................................
0.230 
6.4 
1.0
0.10 
0.027 
Test Weight Category: Above 5,750 tw but not above 8,500 lbs. gvwr 
Pollutant 
NMOG 
CO 
NOx 
PM* 
HCHO 
(formalde-
hyde) 
50,000 mile standard .............................................................
0.195 
5.0 
1.1** 
........
0.022 
120,000 mile standard ...........................................................
0.280 
7.3 
1.5
0.12 
0.032 
Standards are expressed in grams per mile (gpm). 
*Standards for particulates (PM) shall apply only to diesel-fueled vehicles. 
**Standard not applicable to diesel-fueled vehicles. 
For the 50,000 mile standards and the 120,000 mile standards set forth in the table, the applicable useful 
life for purposes of certification shall be 50,000 miles or 120,000 miles, respectively. 
(d) FLEXIBLE AND DUAL-FUEL VEHICLES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall establish standards and 
requirements under this section for vehicles weighing not more than 
8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight rating that are capable of operating 
on more than 1 fuel. The standards shall require that such vehicles 
meet the exhaust standards applicable under subsections (a), (b), and 
(c) for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, and, if appro-
priate, particulate matter for single-fuel vehicles of the same vehicle 
category and model year. 
(2) EXHAUST NMOG STANDARD FOR OPERATION ON CLEAN ALTER-
NATIVE FUEL.—In addition to standards for the pollutants described 
in paragraph (1), the standards established under paragraph (1) shall 
require that vehicle exhaust emissions of nonmethane organic gas not 
exceed the levels (expressed in grams per mile) specified in the tables 
below when the vehicle is operated on the clean alternative fuel for 
which the vehicle is certified: 
NMOG STANDARDS FOR FLEXIBLE- AND DUAL-FUELED VEHICLES WHEN OPERATING ON 
CLEAN ALTERNATIVE FUEL 
Light-duty Trucks up to 6,000 lbs. GVWR and Light-duty Vehicles 
Vehicle Type 
Column A 
(50,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Column B 
(100,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Beginning MY 1996: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. LVW) and light-duty vehicles ..................................
0.125 
0.156 
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. LVW) ................................................................
0.160 
0.20
Beginning MY 2001: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. LVW) and light-duty vehicles ..................................
0.075 
0.090 
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NMOG STANDARDS FOR FLEXIBLE- AND DUAL-FUELED VEHICLES WHEN OPERATING ON 
CLEAN ALTERNATIVE FUEL—Continued 
Light-duty Trucks up to 6,000 lbs. GVWR and Light-duty Vehicles 
Vehicle Type 
Column A 
(50,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Column B 
(100,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. LVW) ................................................................
0.100 
0.130 
For standards under column A, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 50,000 miles. 
For standards under column B, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 100,000 miles. 
Light-duty Trucks More Than 6,000 lbs. GVWR 
Vehicle Type 
Column A 
(50,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Column B 
(120,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Beginning MY 1998: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. TW) ..........................................................................
0.125 
0.180 
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. TW) ...................................................................
0.160 
0.230 
LDT’s (above 5,750 lbs. TW) ....................................................................
0.195 
0.280 
For standards under column A, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 50,000 miles. 
For standards under column B, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 120,000 miles. 
(3) NMOG STANDARD FOR OPERATION ON CONVENTIONAL FUEL.— 
In addition to the standards described in paragraph (1), the standards 
established under paragraph (1) shall require that vehicle exhaust emis-
sions of nonmethane organic gas not exceed the levels (expressed in 
grams per mile) specified in the tables below: 
NMOG STANDARDS FOR FLEXIBLE- AND DUAL-FUELED VEHICLES WHEN OPERATING ON 
CONVENTIONAL FUEL 
Light-duty Trucks of up to 6,000 lbs. GVWR and Light-duty Vehicles 
Vehicle Type 
Column A 
(50,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Column B 
(100,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Beginning MY 1996: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. LVW) and light-duty vehicles ..................................
0.25 
0.31
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. LVW) ................................................................
0.32 
0.40
Beginning MY 2001: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. LVW) and light-duty vehicles ..................................
0.125 
0.156 
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. LVW) ................................................................
0.160 
0.200 
For standards under column A, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 50,000 miles. 
For standards under column B, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 100,000 miles. 
Light-duty Trucks of up to 6,000 lbs. GVWR 
Vehicle Type 
Column A 
(50,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Column B 
(120,000 mi.) 
Standard 
(gpm) 
Beginning MY 1998: 
LDT’s (0–3,750 lbs. TW) ..........................................................................
0.25 
0.36 
LDT’s (3,751–5,750 lbs. TW) ...................................................................
0.32 
0.46 
LDT’s (above 5,750 lbs. TW) ....................................................................
0.39 
0.56 
For standards under column A, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 50,000 miles. 
For standards under column B, for purposes of certification under section 221106 of this title, the appli-
cable useful life shall be 120,000 miles. 
(e) REPLACEMENT BY CARB STANDARDS.— 
(1) SINGLE SET OF CARB STANDARDS.—If California promulgates 
regulations establishing and implementing a single set of standards ap-
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plicable in California pursuant to a waiver approved under section 
221109 of this title to any category of vehicles described in subsection 
(a), (b), (c), or (d) and that set of standards is, in the aggregate, at 
least as protective of public health and welfare as the otherwise applica-
ble standards set forth in section 225102 of this title and subsection 
(a), (b), (c), or (d), the California set of standards shall apply to clean- 
fuel vehicles in that category in lieu of the standards otherwise applica-
ble under section 225102 of this title and subsection (a), (b), (c), or 
(d), as the case may be. 
(2) MULTIPLE SETS OF CARB STANDARDS.—If California promul-
gates regulations establishing and implementing several different sets 
of standards applicable in California pursuant to a waiver approved 
under section 221109 of this title to any category of vehicles described 
in subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) and each of the California sets of 
standards is, in the aggregate, at least as protective of public health 
and welfare as the otherwise applicable standards set forth in section 
225102 of this title and subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d), those standards 
shall be treated as qualifying California standards for purposes of this 
paragraph. Where more than 1 set of qualifying standards are estab-
lished and administered by California, the least stringent set of quali-
fying California standards shall apply to the clean-fuel vehicles con-
cerned in lieu of the standards otherwise applicable to those vehicles 
under section 225102 of this title and this section. 
(f) LESS STRINGENT CARB STANDARDS.—If the Low-Emission Vehicle 
and Clean Fuels Regulations of the California Air Resources Board applica-
ble to any category of vehicles described in subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) 
are modified after November 15, 1990, to provide an emission standard that 
is less stringent than the otherwise applicable standard set forth in sub-
section (a), (b), (c), or (d), or if any effective date contained in the regula-
tions is delayed, the modified standards or the delay (or both, as the case 
may be) shall apply, for an interim period, in lieu of the standard or effec-
tive date otherwise applicable under subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) to any 
vehicles covered by the modified standard or delayed effective date. The in-
terim period shall be a period of not more than 2 model years after the ef-
fective date otherwise applicable under subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d). After 
the interim period, the otherwise applicable standard set forth in subsection 
(a), (b), (c), or (d) shall take effect with respect to those vehicles (unless 
subsequently replaced under subsection (e)). 
(g) NONAPPLICABILITY
TO HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES.—Notwithstanding 
any provision of the Low-Emission Vehicle and Clean Fuels Regulations of 
the California Air Resources Board, nothing in this section shall apply to 
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heavy-duty engines in vehicles of more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle 
weight rating. 
§ 225104. Administration and enforcement as per California 
standards 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Where the numerical clean-fuel vehicle standards ap-
plicable under this chapter to vehicles of not more than 8,500 pounds gross 
vehicle weight rating are the same as numerical emission standards applica-
ble in California under the Low-Emission Vehicle and Clean Fuels Regula-
tions of the California Air Resources Board, those standards shall be admin-
istered and enforced by the Administrator— 
(1) in the same manner and with the same flexibility as California 
administers and enforces corresponding standards applicable under the 
Low-Emission Vehicle and Clean Fuels Regulations of the California 
Air Resources Board; and 
(2) subject to the same requirements, and utilizing the same inter-
pretations and policy judgments, as are applicable in the case of the 
California standards, including requirements regarding certification, 
production-line testing, and in-use compliance; 
unless the Administrator determines (in promulgating the regulations estab-
lishing the clean-fuel vehicle program under this section) that any such ad-
ministration and enforcement would not meet the criteria for a waiver under 
section 221109 of this title. 
(b) HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES.—Nothing in this section shall apply in the 
case of standards under section 225105 of this title for heavy-duty vehicles. 
§ 225105. Standards for heavy-duty clean-fuel vehicles of 
more than 8,500 up to 26,000 pounds gross vehicle 
weight rating 
(a) COMBINED NITROGEN OXIDE
AND NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON 
STANDARD.—For classes or categories of heavy-duty vehicles or engines 
having a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 8,500 pounds and up to 
26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating, the standards under this chapter 
for clean-fuel vehicles shall require that combined emissions of nitrogen ox-
ides and nonmethane hydrocarbons shall not exceed 3.15 grams per brake 
horsepower hour. No standard shall be promulgated under this section for 
any heavy-duty vehicle of more than 26,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rat-
ing. 
(b) REVISED STANDARDS THAT ARE LESS STRINGENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may promulgate a revised less 
stringent standard for the vehicles or engines described in subsection 
(a) if the Administrator determines that the 50 percent reduction re-
quired under subsection (a) is not technologically feasible for clean die-
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sel-fueled vehicles and engines, taking into account durability, costs, 
lead time, safety, and other relevant factors. 
(2) PETITION.—Any person may at any time petition the Adminis-
trator to make a determination under paragraph (1). The Adminis-
trator shall act on such a petition within 6 months after the petition 
is filed. 
(3) PERCENTAGE REDUCTION.—Any revised less stringent standards 
promulgated under this subsection shall require at least a 30 percent 
reduction in lieu of the 50 percent reduction described in paragraph 
(1). 
§ 225106. Centrally fueled fleets 
(a) DEFINITION OF COVERED AREA.—In this section: 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘covered area’’ means— 
(A) an ozone nonattainment area with a 1980 population of 
250,000 or more classified under subchapter II of chapter 215 as 
a serious area, severe area, or extreme area based on data for cal-
endar years 1987, 1988, and 1989; and 
(B) a carbon monoxide nonattainment area with a 1980 popu-
lation of 250,000 or more and a carbon monoxide design value at 
or above 16.0 parts per million based on data for calendar years 
1988 and 1989. 
(2) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘covered area’’ does not include a car-
bon monoxide nonattainment area in which mobile sources do not con-
tribute significantly to carbon monoxide exceedances. 
(3) INTERPRETATION METHODOLOGY.—In determining the areas to 
be treated as covered areas under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
shall use the most recent interpretation methodology issued by the Ad-
ministrator prior to November 15, 1990. 
(b) FLEET PROGRAM REQUIRED FOR COVERED AREAS.— 
(1) STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PROVISION.—The implementation 
plan of each State in which there is located all or part of a covered 
area shall contain a provision establishing a clean-fuel vehicle program 
for fleets under this section. 
(2) PLAN PROVISIONS FOR RECLASSIFIED AREAS.—In the case of an 
ozone nonattainment areas reclassified as a serious area, severe area, 
or extreme area under chapter 215 with a 1980 population of 250,000 
or more, the State shall submit a plan provision meeting the require-
ments of this subsection within 1 year after reclassification. The plan 
provision shall implement the requirements applicable under this sub-
section at the time of reclassification and thereafter, except that the 
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Administrator may adjust for a limited period the deadlines for compli-
ance where compliance with those deadlines would be infeasible. 
(3) CONSULTATION; CONSIDERATION OF FACTORS.—Each State re-
quired to have an implementation plan provision under this subsection 
shall develop the provision in consultation with fleet operators, vehicle 
manufacturers, vehicle fuel producers and distributors, and other inter-
ested persons, taking into consideration operational range, specialty 
uses, vehicle and fuel availability, costs, safety, resale values of vehicles 
and equipment, and other relevant factors. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The plan provision required under this section 
shall require that at least a specified percentage of all new covered fleet 
vehicles in model year 1998 and thereafter purchased by each covered 
fleet operator in each covered area shall be clean-fuel vehicles and shall 
use clean alternative fuels when operating in the covered area. 
(2) SPECIFIED PERCENTAGE.—For each model year, the specified 
percentage shall be as follows: 
(A) Light-duty trucks up to 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight 
rating and light-duty vehicles: 70%. 
(B) Heavy-duty trucks above 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight 
rating: 50%. 
(d) CHOICE OF VEHICLES AND FUEL.—The plan provision shall provide 
that the choice of clean-fuel vehicles and clean alternative fuels shall be 
made by the covered fleet operator subject to the requirements of subsection 
(c). 
(e) AVAILABILITY OF CLEAN ALTERNATIVE FUEL.—The plan provision 
shall require fuel providers to make clean alternative fuel available to cov-
ered fleet operators at locations at which covered fleet vehicles are centrally 
fueled. 
(f) CREDITS.— 
(1) ISSUANCE OF CREDITS.—The plan provision shall provide for the 
issuance by the State of appropriate credits to a fleet operator for any 
of the following (or any combination thereof): 
(A) The purchase of more clean-fuel vehicles than required 
under this section. 
(B) The purchase of clean-fuel vehicles that meet more strin-
gent standards established by the Administrator pursuant to para-
graph (4). 
(C) The purchase of vehicles in categories that are not covered 
by this section but that meet standards established for such vehi-
cles under paragraph (4). 
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