H. R. 4986—404 
on international efforts to create conditions of peace and secu-
rity on the ground. 
(3) A comprehensive explanation of the policy of the United 
States to address the crisis in the Darfur region, including 
the activities undertaken by the Department of Defense and 
the Department of State in support of that policy. 
(4) A comprehensive assessment of the potential impact 
of a no-fly zone for the Darfur region, including an assessment 
of the impact of such a no-fly zone on humanitarian efforts 
in Darfur and the region and a plan to minimize any negative 
impact on such humanitarian efforts during the implementation 
of such a no-fly zone. 
(5) A description of contributions made by the Department 
of Defense and the Department of State in support of NATO 
assistance to AMIS and any covered United Nations mission. 
(6) An assessment of the extent to which additional United 
States Government resources are necessary to meet its obliga-
tions to AMIS and any covered United Nations mission. 
(7) An assessment of the force size and composition of 
an international effort estimated to be necessary to provide 
protection to civilian populations currently displaced in the 
Darfur region, as well as the force size and composition of 
an international effort estimated to be necessary to provide 
broader stability within that region. 
(8) An examination of the current capacity of the existing 
airfield in Abeche, Chad, including the scope of its current 
use by the international community in response to the crisis 
in the Darfur region. 
(9) An analysis of the upgrades, and their associated costs, 
necessary to enable the airfield in Abeche, Chad, to be improved 
to be fully capable of accommodating a humanitarian, peace-
keeping, or other force deployment of the size foreseen by 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769 calling for 
a United Nations deployment to Chad and a hybrid force of 
the United Nations and African Union operating under Chapter 
VII of the United Nations Charter for Sudan. 
(c) FORM AND AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS.— 
(1) FORM.—The report and update of the report required 
under subsection (a) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, 
but may include a classified annex. 
(2) AVAILABILITY.—The unclassified portion of the report 
and update of the report required under subsection (a) shall 
be made available to the public. 
(d) REPEAL
OF SUPERSEDED REPORT REQUIREMENT.—Section 
1227 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 120 Stat. 2426) is repealed. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives. 
(2) COVERED UNITED NATIONS MISSION.—The term ‘‘covered 
United Nations mission’’ means any United Nations-African 
Union hybrid peacekeeping operation in the Darfur region of 
Sudan, and any United Nations peacekeeping operation in the
H. R. 4986—405 
Darfur region, eastern Chad, or northern Central African 
Republic, that is deployed on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
SEC. 1263. INCLUSION OF INFORMATION ON ASYMMETRIC CAPABILI-
TIES IN ANNUAL REPORT ON MILITARY POWER OF THE 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
Section 1202(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 106–65; 10 U.S.C. 113 note) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(9) Developments in China’s asymmetric capabilities, 
including efforts to acquire, develop, and deploy cyberwarfare 
capabilities.’’. 
SEC. 1264. REPORT ON APPLICATION OF THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILI-
TARY 
JUSTICE 
TO 
CIVILIANS 
ACCOMPANYING 
THE 
ARMED FORCES DURING A TIME OF DECLARED WAR OR 
CONTINGENCY OPERATION. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House 
of Representatives a report on the status of implementing paragraph 
(10) of section 802(a) of title 10, United States Code (article 2(a) 
of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), as amended by section 
552 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364), related to the application 
of chapter 47 of such title (the Uniform Code of Military Justice) 
to persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the 
field during a time of declared war or contingency operation. 
(b) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall include each of the following: 
(1) A discussion of how the Secretary has resolved issues 
related to establishing jurisdiction under such chapter over 
persons referred to in paragraph (10) of section 802(a) of title 
10, United States Code (article 2(a) of the Uniform Code of 
Military Justice), specifically with respect to persons under 
contract with the Department of Defense or with other Federal 
agencies. 
(2) An identification of any outstanding issues that remain 
to be resolved with respect to implementing such paragraph 
and a timetable for resolving such issues. 
(3) A description of key implementing steps that have been 
taken or remain to be taken to assert jurisdiction under chapter 
47 of such title over such persons. 
(4) An explanation of the Secretary’s approach to identi-
fying factors that commanders should consider in determining 
whether to seek prosecution of such a person under such 
chapter or under chapter 212 of title 18, United States Code. 
SEC. 1265. REPORT ON FAMILY REUNIONS BETWEEN UNITED STATES 
CITIZENS AND THEIR RELATIVES IN NORTH KOREA. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to Con-
gress a report on family reunions between United States citizens 
and their relatives in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report under subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
H. R. 4986—406 
(1) A description of the efforts, if any, of the United States 
Government to facilitate family reunions between United States 
citizens and their relatives in North Korea, including the fol-
lowing: 
(A) Discussing with North Korea family reunions 
between United States citizens and their relatives in North 
Korea. 
(B) Planning, in the event of a normalization of rela-
tions between the United States and North Korea, for 
the appropriate role of the United States embassy in 
Pyongyang, North Korea, in facilitating family reunions 
between United States citizens and their relatives in North 
Korea. 
(2) A description of additional efforts, if any, of the United 
States Government to facilitate family reunions between United 
States citizens and their relatives in North Korea that the 
President considers to be desirable and feasible. 
SEC. 1266. REPORTS ON PREVENTION OF MASS ATROCITIES. 
(a) DEPARTMENT OF STATE REPORT.— 
(1) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees, the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report 
assessing the capability of the Department of State to provide 
training and guidance to the command of an international 
intervention force that seeks to prevent mass atrocities. 
(2) CONTENT.—The report required under paragraph (1) 
shall include the following: 
(A) An evaluation of any doctrine currently used by 
the Secretary of State to prepare for the training and 
guidance of the command of an international intervention 
force. 
(B) An assessment of the role played by the United 
States in developing the ‘‘responsibility to protect’’ doctrine 
described in paragraphs 138 through 140 of the outcome 
document of the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General 
Assembly adopted by the United Nations in September 
2005, and an update on actions taken by the United States 
Mission to the United Nations to discuss, promote, and 
implement such doctrine. 
(C) An assessment of the potential capability of the 
Department of State and other Federal departments and 
agencies to support the development of new doctrines for 
the training and guidance of an international intervention 
force in keeping with the ‘‘responsibility to protect’’ doc-
trine. 
(D) Recommendations as to the steps necessary to allow 
the Secretary of State to provide more effective training 
and guidance to an international intervention force. 
(b) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT.— 
(1) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a report
H. R. 4986—407 
assessing the capability of the Department of Defense to provide 
training and guidance to the command of an international 
intervention force that seeks to prevent mass atrocities. 
(2) CONTENT.—The report required under paragraph (1) 
shall include the following: 
(A) An evaluation of any doctrine currently used by 
the Secretary of Defense to prepare for the training and 
guidance of the command of an international intervention 
force. 
(B) An assessment of the potential capability of the 
Department of Defense and other Federal departments and 
agencies to support the development of new doctrines for 
the training and guidance of an international intervention 
force in keeping with the ‘‘responsibility to protect’’ doc-
trine. 
(C) Recommendations as to the steps necessary to allow 
the Secretary of Defense to provide more effective training 
and guidance to an international intervention force. 
(D) A summary of any assessments or studies of the 
Department of Defense or other Federal departments or 
agencies relating to ‘‘Operation Artemis’’, the 2004 French 
military deployment and intervention in the eastern region 
of the Democratic Republic of Congo to protect civilians 
from local warring factions. 
(c) INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION FORCE.—For the purposes 
of this section, ‘‘international intervention force’’ means a military 
force that— 
(1) is authorized by the United Nations; and 
(2) has a mission that is narrowly focused on the protection 
of civilian life and the prevention of mass atrocities such as 
genocide. 
SEC. 1267. REPORT ON THREATS TO THE UNITED STATES FROM 
UNGOVERNED AREAS. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the 
Secretary of State, in coordination with the Director of National 
Intelligence, shall jointly submit to the specified congressional 
committees a report on the threats posed to the United States 
from ungoverned areas, including the threats to the United States 
from terrorist groups and individuals located in such areas who 
direct their activities against the national security interests of 
the United States and its allies. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following: 
(1) A description of those areas the United States Govern-
ment considers ungoverned, including— 
(A) a description of the geo-political and cultural influ-
ences exerted within such areas and by whom; 
(B) a description of the economic conditions and pros-
pects and the major social dynamics of such areas; and 
(C) a description of the United States Government’s 
relationships with entities located in such areas, including 
with relevant national or other governments and relevant 
tribal or other groups. 
(2) A description of the capabilities required by the United 
States Government to support United States policy aimed at
H. R. 4986—408 
managing the threats described in subsection (a), including, 
specifically, the technical, linguistic, and analytical capabilities 
required by the Department of Defense and the Department 
of State. 
(3) An assessment of the extent to which the Department 
of Defense and the Department of State possess the capabilities 
described in paragraph (2) as well as the necessary resources 
and organization to support United States policy aimed at 
managing the threats described in subsection (a). 
(4) A description of the extent to which the implementation 
of Department of Defense Directive 3000.05, entitled ‘‘Military 
Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction 
Operations’’, will support United States policy for managing 
such threats. 
(5) A description of the actions, if any, to be taken to 
improve the capabilities of the Department of Defense and 
the Department of State described in paragraph (2), and the 
schedule for implementing any actions so described. 
(c) FORM.—The report required under subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, to the maximum extent practicable, 
but may contain a classified annex, if necessary. 
(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘specified congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
TITLE XIII—COOPERATIVE THREAT RE-
DUCTION 
WITH 
STATES 
OF 
THE 
FORMER SOVIET UNION 
Sec. 1301. Specification of Cooperative Threat Reduction programs and funds. 
Sec. 1302. Funding allocations. 
Sec. 1303. Specification of Cooperative Threat Reduction programs in states outside 
the former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 1304. Repeal of restrictions on assistance to states of the former Soviet Union 
for Cooperative Threat Reduction. 
Sec. 1305. Modification of authority to use Cooperative Threat Reduction funds out-
side the former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 1306. New initiatives for the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. 
Sec. 1307. Report relating to chemical weapons destruction at Shchuch’ye, Russia. 
Sec. 1308. National Academy of Sciences study of prevention of proliferation of bio-
logical weapons. 
SEC. 1301. SPECIFICATION OF COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION 
PROGRAMS AND FUNDS. 
(a) SPECIFICATION OF COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION PRO-
GRAMS.—For purposes of section 301 and other provisions of this 
Act, Cooperative Threat Reduction programs are the programs 
specified in section 1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (50 U.S.C. 2362 note), as amended by 
section 1303 of this Act.
H. R. 4986—409 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2008 COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION FUNDS 
DEFINED.—As used in this title, the term ‘‘fiscal year 2008 Coopera-
tive Threat Reduction funds’’ means the funds appropriated pursu-
ant to the authorization of appropriations in section 301 for 
Cooperative Threat Reduction programs. 
(c) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Funds appropriated pursuant to 
the authorization of appropriations in section 301 for Cooperative 
Threat Reduction programs shall be available for obligation for 
three fiscal years. 
SEC. 1302. FUNDING ALLOCATIONS. 
(a) FUNDING
FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES.—Of the $428,048,000 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Defense for 
fiscal year 2008 in section 301(19) for Cooperative Threat Reduction 
programs, the following amounts may be obligated for the purposes 
specified: 
(1) For strategic offensive arms elimination in Russia, 
$92,885,000. 
(2) For nuclear weapons storage security in Russia, 
$47,640,000. 
(3) For nuclear weapons transportation security in Russia, 
$37,700,000. 
(4) For weapons of mass destruction proliferation preven-
tion in the states of the former Soviet Union, $47,986,000. 
(5) For biological weapons proliferation prevention in the 
former Soviet Union, $158,489,000. 
(6) For chemical weapons destruction, $6,000,000. 
(7) For defense and military contacts, $8,000,000. 
(8) For new Cooperative Threat Reduction initiatives that 
are outside the former Soviet Union, $10,000,000. 
(9) For activities designated as Other Assessments/ 
Administrative Support, $19,348,000. 
(b) REPORT ON OBLIGATION OR EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS FOR 
OTHER PURPOSES.—No fiscal year 2008 Cooperative Threat Reduc-
tion funds may be obligated or expended for a purpose other than 
a purpose listed in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (a) 
until 30 days after the date that the Secretary of Defense submits 
to Congress a report on the purpose for which the funds will 
be obligated or expended and the amount of funds to be obligated 
or expended. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed 
as authorizing the obligation or expenditure of fiscal year 2008 
Cooperative Threat Reduction funds for a purpose for which the 
obligation or expenditure of such funds is specifically prohibited 
under this title or any other provision of law. 
(c) LIMITED AUTHORITY TO VARY INDIVIDUAL AMOUNTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), in any case 
in which the Secretary of Defense determines that it is nec-
essary to do so in the national interest, the Secretary may 
obligate amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2008 for a purpose 
listed in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (a) in excess 
of the specific amount authorized for that purpose. 
(2) NOTICE-AND-WAIT
REQUIRED.—An obligation of funds 
for a purpose stated in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection 
(a) in excess of the specific amount authorized for such purpose 
may be made using the authority provided in paragraph (1) 
only after—
H. R. 4986—410 
(A) the Secretary submits to Congress notification of 
the intent to do so together with a complete discussion 
of the justification for doing so; and 
(B) 15 days have elapsed following the date of the 
notification. 
SEC. 1303. SPECIFICATION OF COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION 
PROGRAMS IN STATES OUTSIDE THE FORMER SOVIET 
UNION. 
Section 1501 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1997 (50 U.S.C. 2362 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘subsection (b)’’ and 
inserting ‘‘subsections (b) and (c)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(c) SPECIFIED PROGRAMS WITH RESPECT TO STATES OUTSIDE 
THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.—The programs referred to in sub-
section (a) are the following programs with respect to states that 
are not states of the former Soviet Union: 
‘‘(1) Programs to facilitate the elimination, and the safe 
and secure transportation and storage, of chemical or biological 
weapons, weapons components, weapons-related materials, and 
their delivery vehicles. 
‘‘(2) Programs to facilitate safe and secure transportation 
and storage of nuclear weapons, weapons components, and 
their delivery vehicles. 
‘‘(3) Programs to prevent the proliferation of nuclear and 
chemical weapons, weapons components, and weapons-related 
military technology and expertise. 
‘‘(4) Programs to prevent the proliferation of biological 
weapons, weapons components, and weapons-related military 
technology and expertise, which may include activities that 
facilitate detection and reporting of highly pathogenic diseases 
or other diseases that are associated with or that could be 
utilized as an early warning mechanism for disease outbreaks 
that could impact the Armed Forces of the United States or 
allies of the United States. 
‘‘(5) Programs to expand military-to-military and defense 
contacts.’’. 
SEC. 1304. REPEAL OF RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE TO STATES OF 
THE FORMER SOVIET UNION FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT 
REDUCTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) SOVIET NUCLEAR THREAT REDUCTION ACT OF 1991.—The 
Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II of Public 
Law 102–228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 note) is amended— 
(A) by striking section 211; and 
(B) in section 212, by striking ‘‘, consistent with the 
findings stated in section 211,’’. 
(2) COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION ACT OF 1993.—Section 
1203 of the Cooperative Threat Reduction Act of 1993 (22 
U.S.C. 5952) is amended by striking subsection (d). 
(3) RUSSIAN CHEMICAL WEAPONS DESTRUCTION FACILITIES.— 
Section 1305 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 106–65; 22 U.S.C. 5952 note) 
is repealed.
H. R. 4986—411 
(4) CONFORMING REPEAL.—Section 1303 of the Ronald W. 
Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2005 (Public Law 108–375; 22 U.S.C. 5952 note) is repealed. 
(b) INAPPLICABILITY OF OTHER RESTRICTIONS.—Section 502 of 
the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and 
Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5852) shall not 
apply to any Cooperative Threat Reduction program. 
SEC. 1305. MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO USE COOPERATIVE 
THREAT REDUCTION FUNDS OUTSIDE THE FORMER 
SOVIET UNION. 
Section 1308 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2004 (22 U.S.C. 5963) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Subject to’’ and all that 
follows through ‘‘the following:’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to the 
provisions of this section, the Secretary of Defense may obligate 
and expend Cooperative Threat Reduction funds for a fiscal 
year, and any Cooperative Threat Reduction funds for a fiscal 
year before such fiscal year that remain available for obligation, 
for a proliferation threat reduction project or activity outside 
the states of the former Soviet Union if the Secretary of 
Defense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, deter-
mines each of the following:’’; 
(2) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating subsections 
(d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively; and 
(3) by amending subsection (c) (as so redesignated) to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(c) LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) The Secretary of Defense may not obligate funds for 
a project or activity under the authority in subsection (a) of 
this section until the Secretary of Defense, with the concurrence 
of the Secretary of State, makes each determination specified 
in that subsection with respect to such project or activity. 
‘‘(2) Not later than 10 days after obligating funds under 
the authority in subsection (a) of this section for a project 
or activity, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State 
shall notify Congress in writing of the determinations made 
under paragraph (1) with respect to such project or activity, 
together with— 
‘‘(A) a justification for such determinations; and 
‘‘(B) a description of the scope and duration of such 
project or activity.’’. 
SEC. 1306. NEW INITIATIVES FOR THE COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUC-
TION PROGRAM. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduc-
tion (CTR) Program should be strengthened and expanded, 
in part by developing new CTR initiatives; 
(2) such new initiatives should— 
(A) be well-coordinated with the Department of Energy, 
the Department of State, and any other relevant United 
States Government agency or department; 
(B) include appropriate transparency and account-
ability mechanisms, and legal frameworks and agreements 
between the United States and CTR partner countries; 
(C) reflect engagement with non-governmental experts 
on possible new options for the CTR Program;
H. R. 4986—412 
(D) include work with the Russian Federation and 
other countries to establish strong CTR partnerships that, 
among other things— 
(i) increase the role of scientists and government 
officials of CTR partner countries in designing CTR 
programs and projects; and 
(ii) increase financial contributions and additional 
commitments to CTR programs and projects from 
Russia and other partner countries, as appropriate, 
as evidence that the programs and projects reflect 
national priorities and will be sustainable; 
(E) include broader international cooperation and part-
nerships, and increased international contributions; 
(F) incorporate a strong focus on national programs 
and sustainability, which includes actions to address con-
cerns raised and recommendations made by the Govern-
ment Accountability Office, in its report of February 2007 
titled ‘‘Progress Made in Improving Security at Russian 
Nuclear Sites, but the Long-Term Sustainability of U.S. 
Funded Security Upgrades is Uncertain’’, which pertain 
to the Department of Defense; 
(G) continue to focus on the development of CTR pro-
grams and projects that secure nuclear weapons; secure 
and eliminate chemical and biological weapons and 
weapons-related materials; and eliminate nuclear, chem-
ical, and biological weapons-related delivery vehicles and 
infrastructure at the source; and 
(H) include efforts to develop new CTR programs and 
projects in Russia and the former Soviet Union, and in 
countries and regions outside the former Soviet Union, 
as appropriate and in the interest of United States national 
security; and 
(3) such new initiatives could include— 
(A) programs and projects in Asia and the Middle 
East; and 
(B) activities relating to the denuclearization of the 
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. 
(b) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY.— 
(1) STUDY.—Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall enter 
into an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences 
under which the Academy shall carry out a study to analyze 
options for strengthening and expanding the CTR Program. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED IN STUDY.—The Secretary 
shall provide for the study under paragraph (1) to include— 
(A) an assessment of new CTR initiatives described 
in subsection (a); and 
(B) an identification of options and recommendations 
for strengthening and expanding the CTR Program. 
(3) SUBMISSION
OF
NATIONAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES 
REPORT.—The National Academy of Sciences shall submit to 
Congress a report on the study under this subsection at the 
same time that such report is submitted to the Secretary of 
Defense pursuant to subsection (c). 
(c) SECRETARY OF DEFENSE REPORT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after receipt of 
the report under subsection (b), the Secretary of Defense shall