I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6129 
To require the Secretary of Energy to develop a National Electric Vehicle 
Bidirectional Charging Roadmap, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 19, 2025 
Ms. BROWNLEY introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently deter-
mined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To require the Secretary of Energy to develop a National 
Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Charging Roadmap, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Bidirectional Electric 
Vehicle Charging Act of 2025’’. 
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SEC. 2. NATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE BIDIRECTIONAL 
CHARGING ROADMAP. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall de-
velop a National Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Charging 
Roadmap that includes— 
(1) a timeline and strategy for increasing the 
development and use of bidirectional charging; 
(2) a list of strategies and obstacles to increas-
ing the development and use of bidirectional charg-
ing; 
(3) key actions for Congress to consider taking 
with respect to bidirectional charging matters; and 
(4) cost estimates for increasing the develop-
ment and use of bidirectional charging, including a 
cost estimate for such an increase if such an in-
crease were to be done at a pace that is slow, mod-
erate, or fast. 
(b) PUBLICATION.—Not later than 12 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy 
shall submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives, and make available to 
the public, including on the public website of the Depart-
ment 
of 
Energy, 
the 
National 
Electric 
Vehicle 
Bidirectional Charging Roadmap developed under sub-
section (a). 
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SEC. 3. TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENT FOR 
BIDIRECTIONAL CHARGING. 
(a) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy 
shall issue regulations— 
(1) establishing technical standards for manu-
facturers 
of 
electric 
vehicles 
to 
standardize 
bidirectional charging technology; and 
(2) requiring that all new electric vehicles man-
ufactured beginning in model year 2029 and there-
after be capable of bidirectional charging, including 
electric vehicles that are light-duty motor vehicles 
and school buses, except as exempted by the Sec-
retary of Energy, as the Secretary determines appro-
priate. 
(b) CIVIL PENALTIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A person that violates a reg-
ulation issued under this section is liable to the 
United States Government for a civil penalty of not 
more than $21,000 for each violation. A separate 
violation occurs for each electric vehicle or item of 
electric vehicle equipment and for each failure or re-
fusal to allow or perform an act required by this sec-
tion and the regulations thereunder. The maximum 
penalty under this subsection for a related series of 
violations is $105,000,000. 
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(2) COMPROMISE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of En-
ergy may compromise the amount of a civil pen-
alty imposed under this section. 
(B) RELEVANT FACTORS IN DETERMINING 
AMOUNT OF PENALTY OR COMPROMISE.—In de-
termining the amount of a civil penalty or com-
promise under this section, the Secretary of En-
ergy shall consider the nature, circumstances, 
extent, and gravity of the violation. Such deter-
mination shall include, as appropriate— 
(i) the nature of the defect or non-
compliance; 
(ii) knowledge by the person charged 
of its obligations under this section; 
(iii) the number of electric vehicles or 
items of electric vehicle equipment distrib-
uted with the defect or noncompliance; 
(iv) actions taken by the person 
charged to identify, investigate, or mitigate 
the condition; 
(v) the appropriateness of such pen-
alty in relation to the size of the business 
of the person charged, including the poten-
tial for undue adverse economic impacts; 
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(vi) whether the person has been as-
sessed civil penalties under this section 
during the most recent 5 years; and 
(vii) other appropriate factors. 
SEC. 4. DISASTER RECOVERY PLANS. 
The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Man-
agement Agency shall issue such regulations as are nec-
essary to require that hazard mitigation plans submitted 
by States or local governments under section 322 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assist-
ance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165) incorporate bidirectional 
charging capabilities. 
SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) BIDIRECTIONAL
CHARGING.—The term 
‘‘bidirectional charging’’ means, with respect to an 
electric vehicle, that the electric vehicle can receive 
energy from electric vehicle supply equipment and 
provide energy to an external load when it is paired 
with similarly capable electric vehicle supply equip-
ment. 
(2) ELECTRIC
VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘electric 
vehicle’’ means a vehicle designed to operate exclu-
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sively on electricity stored in a rechargeable battery, 
multiple batteries, or battery pack. 
Æ 
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