SEC. 3. MISSION. 
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science 
shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, 
and major scientific tools to transform the understanding 
of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and na-
tional security of the United States.’’. 
SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro-
gram in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences 
and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, 
and geosciences, for the purpose of providing the scientific 
foundations for new energy technologies. 
(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 
in subsection (a) shall be to support fundamental research 
to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and 
energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in 
order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies 
and to support Department missions in energy, environ-
ment, and national security. 
(c) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program for the development, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of national user facilities. 
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(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 
practicable, the national user facilities developed, con-
structed, operated, or maintained under paragraph 
(1) shall serve the needs of the Department, industry, 
the academic community, and other relevant entities 
to create and examine materials and chemical proc-
esses for the purpose of improving the competitiveness 
of the United States. 
(3) INCLUDED FACILITIES.—The national user 
facilities developed, constructed, operated, or main-
tained under paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) x-ray light sources; 
(B) neutron sources; 
(C) nanoscale science research centers; and 
(D) such other facilities as the Director con-
siders appropriate, consistent with section 209 of 
the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 
U.S.C. 7139). 
(d) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES RESEARCH INFRA-
STRUCTURE.— 
(1) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
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on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’’, including the development of a multi- 
bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy re-
gion and a suite of beamlines optimized for this 
source. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means the 
rate of flow of photons. 
(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘‘hard x- 
ray’’ means a photon with energy greater 
than 20 kiloelectron volts. 
(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the upgrade 
under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under section 11 for Basic En-
ergy Sciences, there shall be made available to 
the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
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(2) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
PROTON 
POWER UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for a proton power upgrade to the Spall-
ation Neutron Source. 
(B) DEFINITION
OF
PROTON
POWER
UP-
GRADE.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the 
term ‘‘proton power upgrade’’ means the Spall-
ation Neutron Source power upgrade described 
in— 
(i) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published December 
2003; 
(ii) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 
2007; and 
(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’’. 
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(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the upgrade 
under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under section 11 for Basic En-
ergy Sciences, there shall be made available to 
the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(3) SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE SECOND TAR-
GET STATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for a second target station for the Spall-
ation Neutron Source. 
(B) DEFINITION OF SECOND TARGET STA-
TION.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the 
term ‘‘second target station’’ means the Spall-
ation Neutron Source second target station de-
scribed in— 
(i) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
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‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published December 
2003; 
(ii) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 
2007; and 
(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’’. 
(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the second tar-
get station under this paragraph occurs before 
December 31, 2030, with the option for early op-
eration in 2028. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under section 11 for Basic En-
ergy Sciences, there shall be made available to 
the Secretary to carry out activities, including 
construction, under this paragraph— 
(i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
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(ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(4) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’’, including the development of a multi- 
bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy re-
gion. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means the 
rate of flow of photons. 
(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘‘soft x- 
ray’’ means a photon with energy in the 
range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 
(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the upgrade 
under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
2026. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under section 11 for Basic En-
ergy Sciences, there shall be made available to 
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the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(5) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 
ENERGY UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light 
Source II facility described in the publication 
approved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on 
Facility Upgrades’’, including the development of 
experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays 
to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries. The 
Secretary shall ensure the upgrade under this 
paragraph enables the production and use of 
high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at 
a high repetition rate. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term a 
‘‘high energy x-ray’’ means a photon with 
an energy at or exceeding 12 kiloelectron 
volts. 
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(ii) HIGH
REPETITION
RATE.—The 
term ‘‘high repetition rate’’ means the deliv-
ery of x-ray pulses up to one million pulses 
per second. 
(iii) ULTRA-SHORT
PULSE
X-RAYS.— 
The term ‘‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’’ means 
x-ray bursts capable of durations of less 
than one hundred femtoseconds. 
(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the upgrade 
under this paragraph occurs before December 31, 
2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under section 11 for Basic En-
ergy Sciences, there shall be made available to 
the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(e) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
The Director shall carry out research and development on 
advanced accelerator and storage ring technologies relevant 
to the development of Basic Energy Sciences user facilities, 
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in consultation with the Office of Science’s High Energy 
Physics and Nuclear Physics programs. 
(f) SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 973 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended to 
read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Solar 
Fuels Research Initiative’ (referred to in this section 
as the ‘Initiative’) to expand theoretical and funda-
mental knowledge of photochemistry, electrochemistry, 
biochemistry, and materials science useful for the 
practical development of experimental systems to con-
vert solar energy to chemical energy. 
‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 
and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
leverage expertise and resources from— 
‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program 
and the Biological and Environmental Research 
Program of the Office of Science; and 
‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 
the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 
described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag-
gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 
‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 
provide sufficient resources to the multidisci-
plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 
achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 
over a period of time to be determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
may organize additional activities under this sub-
section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 
Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 
structures. 
‘‘(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and dis-
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cover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosynthetic 
systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic En-
ergy Sciences shall support basic research to pur-
sue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) photoinduced production of hydro-
gen and oxygen from water; and 
‘‘(ii) the sustainable photoinduced re-
duction of carbon dioxide to fuel products 
including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon 
monoxide, and natural gas; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef-
ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds au-
thorized to be appropriated under section 11 of 
the Department of Energy Science and Innova-
tion Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences, the 
Secretary shall make available for carrying out 
activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial application 
of energy technology. 
‘‘(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION OF NATURAL PHO-
TOSYNTHESIS, AND RELATED PROCESSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to replicate natural photosynthetic 
processes by use of artificial photosynthetic compo-
nents and materials. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic En-
ergy Sciences shall support basic research to ex-
pand fundamental knowledge to replicate nat-
ural synthesis processes, including— 
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‘‘(i) the photoinduced reduction of 
dinitrogen to ammonia; 
‘‘(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 
from ambient air; 
‘‘(iii) molecular-based charge separa-
tion and storage; 
‘‘(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; 
and 
‘‘(v) catalysis in biological or bio-
mimetic systems; 
‘‘(B) the Associate Director of Biological 
and Environmental Research shall support sys-
tems biology and genomics approaches to under-
stand genetic and physiological pathways con-
nected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and 
‘‘(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef-
ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—From within funds au-
thorized to be appropriated under section 11 of 
the Department of Energy Science and Innova-
tion Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences and 
Biological and Environmental Research, the Sec-
retary shall make available for carrying out ac-
tivities under this subsection $50,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial application 
of energy technology.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amend-
ed by striking the item relating to section 973 and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.’’. 
(g) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 975 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended to 
read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Elec-
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tricity Storage Research Initiative’ (referred to in 
this section as the ‘Initiative’)— 
‘‘(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental 
knowledge to control, store, and convert— 
‘‘(i) electrical energy to chemical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(ii) chemical energy to electrical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
practical understanding of chemical and phys-
ical processes that occur within systems involv-
ing crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, 
and organic and aqueous liquids. 
‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 
and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall 
leverage expertise and resources from— 
‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, 
the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
Program, and the Biological and Environmental 
Research Program of the Office of Science; and 
‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 
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among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 
the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 
described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag-
gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 
‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 
provide sufficient resources to the multidisci-
plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 
achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 
over a period of time to be determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL
ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
may organize additional activities under this sub-
section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 
Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 
structures. 
‘‘(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and dis-
cover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion materials 
in electric energy storage systems. 
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