(C) Support the efforts of Afghan women
and Afghan women’s organizations to ensure
that the full range of human rights of women,
as described in the International Convention on
Civil and Political Rights and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, are included in
any constitution or legal structure of a govern-
ment in Afghanistan by including a significant
number of women in the drafting of the con-
stitution.
(3) POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION AND DE-
VELOPMENT.—With respect to activities relating to
post–conflict stability in Afghanistan and other
countries of Central Asia, the applicable require-
ments are the following:
(A) Provide financial and programmatic
assistance for the efforts of Afghan women’s or-
ganizations that represent the various ethnic
groups.
(B) Promote multi-year women-centered
economic development programs, including pro-
grams to assist widows and female heads of
household.
(C) Increase women’s access to and owner-
ship of productive assets such as land, agricul-
tural inputs, and microfinance, and property.
(D) Provide financial assistance for pri-
mary, secondary, and higher education for all
individuals in Afghanistan.
(E) Provide financial assistance to build
health infrastructure and to deliver women-cen-
tered health programs, particularly comprehen-
sive and high quality reproductive health and
family planning services.
(F) Integrate education and training pro-
grams for former combatants with economic de-
velopment programs to encourage their re-
integration into society and to promote post-
conflict stability.
(G) Support educational efforts to increase
awareness with respect to landmines, facilitate
the removal of landmines, and provide services
to individuals with disabilities caused by land-
mines.
(H) Provide assistance to rehabilitate chil-
dren affected by the conflict, particularly child
soldiers.
(4) RELIEF, RESETTLEMENT, AND
REPATRI-
ATION OF REFUGEES.—With respect to the relief, re-
settlement, and repatriation of refugees in Afghani-
stan and other countries of Central Asia, the appli-
cable requirements are the following:
(A)(i) Take all necessary steps to protect
women refugees in camps, urban areas, and vil-
lages fleeing from the conflict situation in Af-
ghanistan from violence.
(ii) Take all necessary steps to ensure that
women refugees in camps, urban areas, and vil-
lages fleeing from the conflict situation in Af-
ghanistan are directly receiving food aid, shel-
ter, relief supplies, and other services from
United States-sponsored programs.
(iii) Take all necessary steps to ensure that
women refugees in camps, urban areas, and vil-
lages are accessing high quality health and
medical services, particularly reproductive, ma-
ternal, and child health services.
(B) Take all necessary steps to ensure that
refugees that choose to return voluntarily to
their place of origin can do so in safety, dignity,
and with protection of their rights. United
States-sponsored efforts shall not coerce or en-
courage refugees to return to their places of ori-
gin.
(5) PEACEKEEPING
OPERATIONS.—With re-
spect to peacekeeping operations in Afghanistan and
other countries of Central Asia, the applicable re-
quirements are the following:
(A) In preparation for deployment of
peacekeeping missions, provide training, guide-
lines, and materials to military, police, and ci-
vilian personnel on the protection, rights, and
the particular needs of women, as well as on the
importance of involving women in all peace-
keeping and peace building measures.
(B) Encourage individuals and organiza-
tions that will provide training to consult with
women’s organizations within and outside of Af-
ghanistan and other countries of Central Asia
to develop appropriate training content and ma-
terials.
(6) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term
‘‘other countries of Central Asia’’ means Pakistan,
Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan, 
Kazakhstan, 
and
Uzbekistan.
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 60 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall prepare
and transmit to Congress a report that contains docu-
mentation 
(including 
documentation 
using 
data
disaggregated by gender) of the progress in implementing
the requirements of subsection (c).
SEC. 604. RATIFICATION OF CONVENTION ON THE ELIMI-
NATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following:
(1) The Senate has already agreed to the ratifi-
cation of several important human rights treaties,
including the Genocide Convention, the Convention
Against Torture, the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, and the Convention on the
Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW).
(2) CEDAW establishes a worldwide commit-
ment to combat discrimination against women and
girls.
(3) 165 countries of the world have ratified or
acceded to CEDAW and the United States is among
a small minority of countries, including Afghanistan,
North Korea, Iran, and Sudan, which have not.
(4) The Administration has proposed a small
number of reservations, understandings, and dec-
larations to ensure that United States ratification
fully complies with all constitutional requirements,
including the rights of States and individuals.
(5) The legislatures of California, Iowa, Massa-
chusetts, New Hampshire, New York, North Caro-
lina, South Dakota, and Vermont have endorsed
United States ratification of CEDAW.
(6) More than 100 United States-based, civic,
legal, religious, education, and environmental organi-
zations, including many major national membership
organizations, support ratification of CEDAW.
(7) Ratification of CEDAW would allow the
United States to nominate a representative to the
CEDAW oversight committee.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate should hold hearings on the Convention on
the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW); and
(2) the Senate should, therefore, give its advice
and consent to the ratification of the Convention on
the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination
Against Women.
TITLE VII—VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN
SEC. 701. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Around the world, at least 1 woman in
every 3 has been beaten, coerced into sex, or other-
wise abused in her lifetime.
(2) Violence against women is a human rights
violation that takes many forms—physical, sexual,
and psychological—and cuts across most countries,
social groups, and socio-economic classes. Violence
against women can occur in every setting—in homes,
streets, schools, and places of work.
(3) Violence is a multidimensional issue that
stems from women’s subordinate status in society,
women’s economic dependence on men, and women’s
overall lack of power. All societies have beliefs,
norms, and social institutions that legitimize and
perpetuate violence against women.
(4) Women are particularly vulnerable to vio-
lence during times of political upheaval and eco-
nomic instability. Although rape as a weapon of war
has been internationally condemned, armies continue
to use it in conflicts around the globe. For example,
in 1992, as many as 20,000 women were raped in
the first few months of the war in Bosnia-
Herzegovina
(5) Violence prohibits many women from par-
ticipating in the economy, being active in civic life,
accessing educational opportunities, and obtaining
health care. One out of every 5 healthy years of life
are lost to women ages 15 to 44 as a result of vio-
lence. This loss of productivity impairs women’s eco-
nomic development and overall national economic
growth.
SEC. 702. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS TO
PREVENT VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND
GIRLS.
United States international programs administered
by the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, the Department of State, and other appropriate
Federal departments and agencies shall incorporate the
following:
(1) Support for programs that advocate for pro-
tective legislation, judicial accountability and en-
forcement of existing laws relating to the prevention
of violence against women and girls.
(2) Strengthening of sites of first response, par-
ticularly community-based responses and infrastruc-
ture.
(3) Encouragement for the integration of vio-
lence interventions into all sectors of United States
international development assistance.
(4) Investment in a variety of prevention pro-
grams, including research on the causes of violence,
and education of the public, law enforcement and ju-
dicial officials, and journalists and the media. Public
education programs should aim to change the atti-
tudes, beliefs, and norms that encourage men to be
violent.
(5) Strengthening of women’s economic oppor-
tunities in order to improve their options and negoti-
ating power outside of and within the home.
(6) Encouragement for communities to design
all responses (for example, health, police, judicial,
and social services) to respect the autonomy and
meet the needs of survivors.
(7) Design of monitoring, evaluation, and meas-
urement of results based on local needs and con-
texts. Measurement of results should account for the
long length of time violence interventions aimed at
profound behavioral and societal changes take.
(8) Support for research on and dissemination
of best practices for violence prevention and treat-
ment programs.
SEC. 703. REPORT.
As part of the congressional presentation documents
for fiscal year 2003, the Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development shall report
on the Agency’s programs to eradicate violence against
women for those countries in which the 2000 State De-
partment Country Report on Human Rights practices in-
dicates a significant problem of domestic violence, rape,
trafficking, sexual harassment, and other forms of violence
against women.
TITLE VIII—WOMEN, CONFLICTS,
AND PEACE BUILDING
SEC. 801. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings and declara-
tions of policy:
(1) Civilians, particularly women and children,
account for the vast majority of those adversely af-
fected by armed conflict in ethnic, religious, and
identity wars. In some cases of ethno-political con-
flict, more than half of women have been targeted
for rape as a weapon of war. Little is done to pro-
tect the safety and rights of women in conflict situa-
tions or to prosecute perpetrators.
(2) Today, as many as 300,000 children under
the age of 18 serve in government forces or armed
rebel groups. Some are as young as 8 years old.
Both girls and boys are used as child soldiers. In
case studies in El Salvador, Ethiopia, and Uganda,
almost a third of the child soldiers were reported to
be girls. Girls may be raped, or in some cases, given
to military commanders as ‘‘wives’’.
(3) War and violence have uprooted and dis-
placed 35,000,000 people worldwide from their
homes, 80 percent of these refugees are women and
children. They have little access to basic food, med-
ical care, hygiene, and shelter.
(4) Women are not just victims, they are taking
the initiative to reach across the conflict divide and
foster peace. In Mali and Liberia women joined to-
gether to collect arms. In Northern Ireland, Catholic
and Protestant women created joint community de-
velopment projects.
(5) Despite women’s positive roles in fostering
peace, they are excluded from most peace negotia-
tions. Women’s perspectives and experiences in seek-
ing solutions to conflicts are necessary to ensure
lasting peace.
(6) Violence and conflict are major impediments
to participating in and benefiting from the global
economy. Even during major conflicts, it is women
that keep local economies running and work to re-
build economies after conflicts. Therefore, economic
aid that is linked to peace processes should target
and take into account women’s roles as economic
leaders and assist women in accessing the global
marketplace.
SEC. 802. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS.
United States international programs administered
by the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, the Department of State, the Department of De-
fense, and other appropriate Federal departments and
agencies shall incorporate activities in the following areas:
(1) CONFLICT
PREVENTION
AND
POST-CON-
FLICT STABILITY.—(A) Support for women’s efforts
in conflict-resolution before, during, and after con-
flicts.
(B) Promotion of multi-year gender-balanced
economic development programs, particularly pro-
grams to assist female heads of household.
(C) Increased women’s access to and ownership
of productive assets such as land, agricultural equip-
ment, and credit.
(D) Integration of education and training pro-
grams for former combatants with economic develop-
ment programs to encourage their reintegration into
society and to promote post-conflict stability.
(E) Extension of education and training, in-
cluding in business development, to women.
(2) IMPROVING PEACE KEEPING OPERATIONS.—
(A) In preparation for deployment, provide training,
guidelines, and materials to military, police, and ci-
vilian personnel on the protection, rights, and the
particular needs of women, as well as on the impor-
tance of involving women in all peacekeeping and
peace building measures. The Secretary of Defense
shall encourage trainers to consult with women’s or-
ganizations and leaders to develop appropriate train-
ing content and materials.
(B) Integration of a gender perspective in peace
building by each United States representative to the
United Nations, including encouraging close and
meaningful collaboration between United Nations
Peacekeeping Operations and women leaders work-
ing to end conflict. In addition, encouragement of
the United Nations to create a Gender Unit at the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO)
headquarters to provide technical assistance in this
area.
(3) PEACE NEGOTIATIONS AND DECISION-MAK-
ING.—(A) With respect to peace negotiations, the
consultation with women leaders with experience in
conflict prevention, mediation, and traditional peace-
making processes in peace negotiations and post-
conflict decision-making.
(B) Include women’s perspectives in United
States decision-making processes relating to peace
and international security by conducting an audit on
the implementation of existing United States com-
mitments on addressing women’s needs and concerns
in conflict and post-conflict situations.
(4) REFUGEE
RESETTLEMENT
AND
REPATRI-
ATION.—(A) Provide protection and assistance to
refugee women and internally displaced women in or
fleeing from conflict situations.
(B) Ensure that high quality services are pro-
vided to refugee women to meet their overall health
needs, particularly in the area of reproductive
health.
(C) Take all necessary steps to ensure that ref-
ugee and displaced women are able to return volun-
tarily to their place of origin in safety and with dig-
nity, and to uphold their right to protection after
their return.
(D) Provide assistance to rehabilitate children
affected by conflict, particularly child soldiers.
SEC. 803. RATIFICATION OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO
THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE
CHILD ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN
IN ARMED CONFLICT.
Congress expresses its support for the Optional Pro-
tocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the
Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict and urges the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate to hold
hearings on the Protocol, approve the Protocol, and bring
the Protocol to the floor of the full Senate for a vote on
advice and consent to ratification.
TITLE 
IX—WOMEN’S 
LEADER-
SHIP AND PARTICIPATION
SEC. 901. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings and declara-
tions of policy:
(1) Women’s equal participation in political and
civic life plays a pivotal role in the general process
of the advancement of women. Women’s equal par-
ticipation in decision-making is not only a demand
for simple justice or democracy, but is also a nec-
essary condition for women’s interests to be taken
into account.
(2) From 1945 to 1995, the percentage of
women in parliaments increased four-fold; however,
women’s representation in national legislatures is
low at 12.7 percent worldwide. Women representa-
tion at the local level is also suppressed, with less
than 5 percent in Africa and 7.5 percent in Latin
America.
(3) In order to increase women’s leadership and
participation, interventions must address both the
skills and characteristics of women as well as the
overall context that promotes or limits women’s par-
ticipation.
SEC. 902. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS TO
INCREASE WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP AND PAR-
TICIPATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—United States international pro-
grams administered by the United States Agency for
International Development, the Department of State, and
other appropriate Federal departments and agencies shall
incorporate the following activities:
(1) Building women’s capacity to be effective
leaders and participants in civic life by—
(A) providing training to women and wom-
en’s organizations in the areas of legal systems,
electoral processes, legislation, advocacy, media
and public affairs, information technology, and
leadership; and
(B) assisting women leaders once they are
in office to enhance their abilities to govern ef-
fectively, for example by building strong rela-
tionships with women’s associations and devel-
oping connections to other elected officials.
(2) Creating a supportive environment for wom-
en’s leadership and participation by—
(A) sensitizing men and male leaders to
support women’s leadership and participation in
public life;
(B) developing and implementing gender-
sensitive programs to give girls, boys, and
young adults skills in civic participation and
leadership; and
(C) reforming structures to integrate
women leaders, for example by encouraging
countries to utilize affirmative action programs
to increase the number of women in the politics
and decision-making.
(b) ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS.—The Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International De-
velopment shall work with the Office of Women in Devel-
opment and the Bureau for Democracy and Governance
in addressing women’s needs and incorporating women’s
100
views in all programs relating to democracy and govern-
ance.
SEC. 903. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR
WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP.
The President is authorized to establish a United
States International Fund for Women’s Leadership to
provide grants to women’s organizations in developing
countries and to United States women’s organizations for
the purpose of promoting women’s leadership in such
countries.
SEC. 904. INTERNATIONAL MUSEUM OF WOMEN.
Congress makes the following findings and declara-
tions of policy:
(1) Of the thousands of museums in the United
States, there is no museum that chronicles the vast
contributions women from around the world have
made and continue to make to the development of
humanity.
(2) Women have been virtually invisible in
mainstream textbooks and historical presentations.
This ‘‘traditional’’ telling of history perpetuates the
inequalities that exist between women and men.
(3) Women have played critical roles in shaping
economies and politics, art and culture, home and
family, yet there exists no place where young women
101
and men can go to learn about global women’s his-
tory.
(4) An International Museum of Women will
celebrate and examine the role women have played
in shaping our world through the centuries. Through
the critical exploration of women’s history, contem-
porary issues and visions of the future, the museum
will be a catalyst for continued social change.
TITLE X—WOMEN AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
SEC. 1001. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings and declara-
tions of policy:
(1) Environmental degradation constitutes a se-
rious threat to the livelihood of the poor in devel-
oping countries, especially women. It is women who
are most intensively engaged in household subsist-
ence activities that depend closely on the quality and
availability of natural resources.
(2) Women are more susceptible to health prob-
lems related to changes in the environment due to
the sensitivity of their reproductive systems to toxins
or pollutants. There is also strong evidence of the ir-
revocable damage caused by chemical exposures dur-
102
ing various stages of the life cycle, particularly to
the fetus and growing child.
(3) Increased trade liberalization, industrializa-
tion, manufacturing, consumption, agricultural de-
velopment, and population dynamics in both devel-
oped and developing countries have altered eco-
systems and environmental quality in low-income
countries.
(4) The privatization and commodification of
natural resources such as energy, water, and medic-
inal plants impacts women more deeply and severely
due to their roles as providers of basic household
needs.
SEC. 1002. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL ENVIRON-
MENTAL PROGRAMS.
United States international environmental programs
administered by the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development, the Department of State, the
United States Environmental Protection Agency, the De-
partment of the Interior, United States Forest Service, the
National Park Service, the United States Fish and Wild-
life Service, the Department of Commerce, and other ap-
propriate Federal departments and agencies shall incor-
porate the following activities:
103
(1) Increase resources to research the health
impacts of hazardous materials on women, children,
and men, particularly those chemicals prevalent in
developing countries.
(2) Foster the creation of information systems,
such as ‘‘community right to know’’ principles, for
local communities in developing countries to become
aware of environmental and health threats.
(3) Encourage the development of environ-
mental regulations and agencies in developing coun-
tries. Promote the use of the ‘‘precautionary prin-
ciple’’ in which measures are put into place to pro-
tect women, men, and children from toxic substances
until such substances are proven safe for these pop-
ulations.
(4) Provide low-income women with access to
environmentally 
and 
economically 
sound 
tech-
nologies, such as wind generators and solar-powered
cookers, that support healthy ecosystems, promote
the sustainable use of natural resources, and en-
hance the well-being of women and their families.
(5) Provide financial support and technical as-
sistance to developing country energy and natural
resource ministries to assess the energy needs of
households living in poverty and recommend actions
104
to be taken to meet these energy needs both
sustainably and affordably for the poor. These as-
sessments shall account for the differing energy
needs of men and women when estimating overall
household energy needs.
(6) In countries that have privatized or are in
the process of privatizing basic commodities, such as
energy and water, ensure that poor households have
access to services at affordable rates.
(7) Increase women’s skills in engaging deci-
sion-making bodies relevant to the environment, con-
servation, biodiversity, energy and natural resource
management, such as bodies at the state level (in-
cluding state agencies) and international systems
and institutions.
(8) Support existing programs and encourage
the establishment of new programs in developing
countries to limit exposures to toxic substances in
places of work to levels accepted by the United
States Environmental Protection Agency.
SEC. 1003. NEGOTIATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES
AND PROTOCOLS.
The Secretary of State shall take into account wom-
en’s roles in natural resource management as well as the
health impacts of environmental toxins on women’s health
105
when negotiating international environmental treaties and
protocols.
SEC. 1004. RATIFICATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS CON-
VENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUT-
ANTS.
Congress recognizes the impact that persistent or-
ganic pollutants have on women and children, expresses
its support for the Convention on Persistent Organic Pol-
lutants, and urges the Committee on Foreign Relations
of the Senate to hold hearings on the Convention, approve
the Convention, and bring the Convention to the floor of
the full Senate for a vote on advice and consent to ratifica-
tion.
SEC. 1005. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY.
The Secretary of State shall instruct the United
States representatives to the Global Environment Facility
Council and Assembly to urge the Facility to integrate
women’s special needs and an analysis of gender roles into
its programming in developing and transitional countries.
TITLE XI—AUTHORIZATION OF
APPROPRIATIONS
SEC. 1101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out
the activities contained in this Act an aggregate increase
of $1,000,000,000 from appropriations for fiscal year
106
2002, as mandated in Public Law 107–115, for the fol-
lowing accounts: ‘‘Development Assistance’’, ‘‘Migration
and Refugee Assistance’’, ‘‘Emergency Refugee and Mi-
gration Assistance’’, ‘‘International Disaster Assistance’’,
‘‘Office of Transition Initiatives of the United States
Agency for International Development’’, and ‘‘Inter-
national Organizations and Programs’’. Programs in these
accounts shall promote women’s development as required
by the relevant provisions contained in this Act.
Æ