creases an obligation to pay or transmit money or 
property to a Federal health care program;’’; 
(C) in the first sentence— 
(i) by striking ‘‘or in cases under 
paragraph (9)’’ and inserting ‘‘in cases 
under paragraph (9)’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘fact)’’ and inserting 
‘‘fact), in cases under paragraph (11), 
$50,000 for any violation described in this 
section committed in furtherance of the 
conspiracy involved, and in cases under 
paragraph (12), $50,000 for each false 
record or statement, or concealment, avoid-
ance, or decrease’’; and 
(D) in the second sentence, by striking 
‘‘material fact).’’ and inserting ‘‘material fact); 
or in cases under paragraph (11), an assess-
ment of not more than 3 times the total 
amount that would otherwise apply for any vio-
lation described in this section committed in 
furtherance of the conspiracy involved; or in 
cases under paragraph (12), an assessment of 
not more than 3 times the total amount of the 
obligation to which the false record or state-
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ment was material or that was avoided or de-
creased.’’. 
(2) Section 1128A(c)(1) of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7a(c)(1)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘six years’’ and inserting ‘‘10 years’’. 
(3) Section 1128A(i) of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1320a–7a(i)) is amended— 
(A) by amending paragraph (2) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(2) The term ‘claim’ means any application, 
request, or demand, whether under contract, or oth-
erwise, for money or property for items and services 
under a Federal health care program (as defined in 
section 1128B(f)), whether or not the United States 
or a State agency has title to the money or property, 
that— 
‘‘(A) is presented or caused to be pre-
sented to an officer, employee, or agent of the 
United States, or of any department or agency 
thereof, or of any State agency (as defined in 
subsection (i)(1)); or 
‘‘(B) is made to a contractor, grantee, or 
other recipient if the money or property is to be 
spent or used on the Federal health care pro-
gram’s behalf or to advance a Federal health 
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care program interest, and if the Federal health 
care program— 
‘‘(i) provides or has provided any por-
tion of the money or property requested or 
demanded; or 
‘‘(ii) will reimburse such contractor, 
grantee, or other recipient for any portion 
of the money or property which is re-
quested or demanded.’’; 
(B) by amending paragraph (3) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(3) The term ‘item or service’ means, without 
limitation, any medical, social, management, admin-
istrative, or other item or service used in connection 
with or directly or indirectly related to a Federal 
health care program.’’; 
(C) in paragraph (7)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘term ‘should know’ 
means’’ and inserting ‘‘terms ‘knowing’, 
‘knowingly’, and ‘should know’ mean’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(A) and (B) as subparagraphs (B) and 
(C), respectively; 
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