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uals at 1 or more locations close to one another 
with a common cause. 
‘‘(C) MASS
SHOOTING.—The term ‘mass 
shooting’ means a multiple homicide incident in 
which not fewer than 3 victims are killed— 
‘‘(i) with a firearm; 
‘‘(ii) during one event; and 
‘‘(iii) in one or more locations in close 
proximity. 
‘‘(D) EXPOSED.—The term ‘exposed’ in-
cludes— 
‘‘(i) directly experiencing or wit-
nessing an event; or 
‘‘(ii) being subjected, in an intense 
way, to aversive consequences of the event 
(including a public safety officer collecting 
human remains). 
‘‘(E) TRAUMATIC EVENT.—The term ‘trau-
matic event’ means, in the case of a public safe-
ty officer exposed to an event, an event that 
is— 
‘‘(i) a homicide, suicide, or the violent 
or gruesome death of another individual 
(including such a death resulting from a 
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mass casualty event, mass fatality event, 
or mass shooting); 
‘‘(ii) a harrowing circumstance posing 
an extraordinary and significant danger or 
threat to the life of or of serious bodily 
harm to any individual (including such a 
circumstance as a mass casualty event, 
mass fatality event, or mass shooting); or 
‘‘(iii) an act of criminal sexual vio-
lence committed against any individual. 
‘‘(2) PERSONAL INJURY SUSTAINED IN LINE OF 
DUTY.—As determined by the Bureau— 
‘‘(A) post-traumatic stress disorder, acute 
stress disorder, or trauma and stress related 
disorders suffered by a public safety officer and 
diagnosed by a licensed medical or mental 
health professional, shall be presumed to con-
stitute a personal injury within the meaning of 
subsection (a), sustained in the line of duty by 
the officer, if the officer was exposed, while on 
duty, to one or more traumatic events and such 
exposure was a substantial factor in the dis-
order; 
‘‘(B) post-traumatic stress disorder, acute 
stress disorder, or trauma and stress related 
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disorders, suffered by a public safety officer 
who has contacted or attempted to contact the 
employee assistance program of the agency or 
entity that the officer serves, a licensed medical 
or mental health professional, suicide preven-
tion services, or another mental health assist-
ance service in order to receive help, treatment, 
or diagnosis for post-traumatic stress disorder 
or acute stress disorder, shall be presumed to 
constitute a personal injury within the meaning 
of subsection (a), sustained in the line of duty 
by the officer, if the officer, was exposed, while 
on duty, to one or more traumatic events and 
such exposure was a substantial factor in the 
disorder; and 
‘‘(C) post-traumatic stress disorder, acute 
stress disorder, or trauma and stress related 
disorders, suffered by a public safety officer 
who was exposed, while on duty, to one or more 
traumatic events shall be presumed to con-
stitute a personal injury within the meaning of 
subsection (a), sustained in the line of duty by 
the officer if such exposure was a substantial 
factor in the disorder. 
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‘‘(3) PRESUMPTION OF DEATH OR TOTAL DIS-
ABILITY.—A public safety officer shall be presumed 
to have died or become permanently and totally dis-
abled (within the meaning of subsection (a) or (b)) 
as the direct and proximate result of a personal in-
jury sustained in the line of duty, if (as determined 
by the Bureau) the officer either— 
‘‘(A) took an action, which action was in-
tended to bring about the officer’s death and di-
rectly and proximately resulted in such officer’s 
death or permanent and total disability and ex-
posure, while on duty, to one or more traumatic 
events was a substantial factor in the action 
taken by the officer; or 
‘‘(B) took an action within 45 days of the 
end of exposure, while on duty, to a traumatic 
event, which action was intended to bring about 
the officer’s death and directly and proximately 
resulted in such officer’s death or permanent 
and total disability, if such action was not in-
consistent with a psychiatric disorder. 
‘‘(4) APPLICABILITY OF LIMITATIONS ON BENE-
FITS.— 
‘‘(A) 
INTENTIONAL
ACTIONS.—Section 
1202(a)(1) shall not apply to any claim for a 
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