I
106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 5361
To amend title 49, United States Code, to require periodic inspections of
pipelines and improve the safety of our Nation’s pipeline system.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
OCTOBER 3, 2000
Mr. OBERSTAR (for himself, Mr. DINGELL, Mr. INSLEE, Mr. UDALL of New
Mexico, Mr. PASCRELL, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. SMITH
of Washington, and Mr. TIERNEY) introduced the following bill; which
was referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and
in addition to the Committee on Commerce, for a period to be subse-
quently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To amend title 49, United States Code, to require periodic
inspections of pipelines and improve the safety of our
Nation’s pipeline system.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF TITLE 49,
UNITED STATES CODE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the
‘‘Pipeline Safety Act of 2000’’.
(b) AMENDMENT
OF TITLE 49, UNITED STATES
CODE.—Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever
in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms
of an amendment to, or a repeal of, a section or other
provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to
a section or other provision of title 49, United States
Code.
(c) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—
Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of title 49, United States Code; table of con-
tents.
Sec. 2. State oversight role.
Sec. 3. Additional pipeline protections.
Sec. 4. Enforcement.
Sec. 5. Community right-to-know and emergency preparedness.
Sec. 6. Support for innovative technology development.
Sec. 7. Qualification of pipeline personnel.
Sec. 8. Population encroachment.
Sec. 9. Damage prevention.
Sec. 10. Improved data and data availability.
Sec. 11. Technical amendments.
Sec. 12. Pipeline facilities oversight and monitoring.
Sec. 13. Authorization of appropriations.
SEC. 2. STATE OVERSIGHT ROLE.
(a) STATE AGREEMENTS WITH CERTIFICATION.—
Section 60106 is amended—
(1) in the heading for subsection (a) by striking
‘‘GENERAL
AUTHORITY’’ and inserting ‘‘AGREE-
MENTS WITHOUT CERTIFICATION’’;
(2) by redesignating subsections (b), (c), and
(d) as subsections (c), (d), and (e), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-
lowing:
‘‘(b) AGREEMENTS WITH CERTIFICATION.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary accepts a
certification under section 60105 from a State au-
thority and makes the determination required under
paragraph (2), the Secretary may make an agree-
ment with the State authority to develop a plan by
which the State authority has a role in the oversight
of interstate pipelines—
‘‘(A) by participating in special investiga-
tions involving interstate pipeline incidents
within the boundaries of the State;
‘‘(B) by participating in oversight of new
construction of interstate pipelines within such
boundaries;
‘‘(C) by participating as an interstate
agent by carrying out inspection responsibilities
for interstate pipelines within such boundaries
to ensure compliance with Federal pipeline safe-
ty standards;
‘‘(D) by providing written comments and
recommendations on interstate pipeline risk
analysis and integrity management programs
for interstate pipelines within such boundaries
pursuant to section 60109(c)(6); and
‘‘(E) by participating in any other activi-
ties relating to pipeline safety permissible under
this chapter on the day before the date of en-
actment of this subparagraph.
‘‘(2) DETERMINATIONS
REQUIRED.—The Sec-
retary may not enter into an agreement under this
subsection, unless the Secretary determines that—
‘‘(A) the agreement is consistent with the
Secretary’s program for inspection and with the
safety policies and provisions of this chapter;
‘‘(B) the agreement would not adversely
affect the oversight responsibilities of intrastate
pipeline transportation by the State authority;
‘‘(C) the State is carrying out a program
demonstrated to promote preparedness and risk
prevention activities that enhance the safety of
communities from the risks of pipelines;
‘‘(D) the State meets the minimum stand-
ards for State one-call notification set forth in
chapter 61; and
‘‘(E) the actions planned under the agree-
ment would not adversely affect interstate com-
merce or public safety.
‘‘(3) EXISTING AGREEMENTS.—Except as pro-
vided in subsection (e), an agreement between the
Secretary and a State authority that is in effect on
the date of enactment of this paragraph shall remain
in effect until the Secretary determines that the
State meets the requirements for a determination
under paragraph (2).’’.
(b) ENDING AGREEMENTS.—Subsection (e) of sec-
tion 60106 (as redesignated by subsection (a)(2) of this
section) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(e) ENDING AGREEMENTS.—
‘‘(1) PERMISSIVE
TERMINATION.—The Sec-
retary may end an agreement under this section if
the Secretary finds that the State authority has not
complied with a provision of the agreement.
‘‘(2) MANDATORY
TERMINATION
OF
AGREE-
MENT.—Subject to paragraph (3), the Secretary
shall end an agreement for the oversight of inter-
state pipeline transportation if the Secretary finds
that—
‘‘(A) implementation of the agreement has
adversely affected the oversight responsibilities
of intrastate pipeline transportation by the
State authority;
‘‘(B) the State actions under the agree-
ment have failed to meet the requirements of
subsection (b); or
‘‘(C) continued participation by the State
authority in the oversight of interstate pipeline
transportation is not enhancing pipeline safety.
‘‘(3) PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS.—
‘‘(A) NOTICE
AND
OPPORTUNITY
FOR
HEARING.—The Secretary shall provide a State
authority with notice and an opportunity for a
hearing before ending an agreement with the
State authority under this section.
‘‘(B) PUBLICATION OF FINDING AND DECI-
SION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—A finding and
decision of the Secretary to end an agreement
with a State authority under this section shall
be published in the Federal Register and may
not become effective for at least 15 days after
the date of such publication unless the Sec-
retary finds that continuation of the agreement
poses an imminent hazard to human health or
the environment.’’.
SEC. 3. ADDITIONAL PIPELINE PROTECTIONS.
(a) RISK ANALYSIS AND INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS.—Section 60109 is amended by adding at the
end the following:
‘‘(c) RISK ANALYSIS AND INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS.—
‘‘(1) STANDARDS.—
‘‘(A) GENERAL RULE.—Not later than 1
year after the date on which the Secretary pre-
scribes standards under subsection (a)(1), each
operator of a gas transmission or hazardous liq-
uid pipeline facility shall conduct an analysis of
the risks to each facility of the operator in an
area identified pursuant to subsection (a)(1)
and shall adopt and implement a written integ-
rity management program for such facility to
reduce the risks.
‘‘(B) INTERIM COVERAGE FOR GAS PIPE-
LINE
FACILITIES.—If the Secretary has not
prescribed standards under subsection (a)(1)(A)
for gas transmission facilities by May 1, 2002,
the requirements of this subsection requiring
operators of gas transmission facilities to adopt
and implement integrity management programs
shall apply, on an interim basis, to all gas
transmission facilities that affect populated
areas identified by the Secretary as high con-
sequence areas for hazardous liquid pipeline fa-
cilities until such standards for gas trans-
mission facilities are prescribed. An operator of
a gas transmission facility covered by this sub-
paragraph may petition the Secretary to waive
the application of this paragraph to a gas
transmission facility under section 60118(c).
‘‘(2) ELEMENTS OF INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS.—An integrity management program
adopted by an operator of a facility in an area iden-
tified pursuant to subsection (a)(1) shall include, at
a minimum, the following elements:
‘‘(A) Subject to paragraph (3), periodic in-
spection of the facility, at intervals of not less
than once every 5 years, by internal inspection
device, pressure testing, direct assessment, or
an alternative method that the Secretary deter-
mines would provide an equal or greater level of
safety.
‘‘(B) Clearly defined criteria for evaluating
the results of inspections conducted under sub-
paragraph (A) and for taking actions based on
such results.
‘‘(C) A method for conducting an analysis
on a continuing basis that integrates all avail-
able information about the integrity of the facil-
ity and the consequences of releases from the
facility.
‘‘(D) A description of actions to be taken
by the operator to promptly address any integ-
rity issue raised by an evaluation conducted
under subparagraph (B) or the analysis con-
ducted under subparagraph (C).
‘‘(E) A description of measures to prevent
and mitigate the consequences of releases from
the facility. In the case of a release of a haz-
ardous liquid, such measures shall be consistent
with the National Contingency Plan published
pursuant to section 311(d) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C.
1321(d)), including leak detection, integrity
evaluation, emergency flow restricting devices,
and other prevention, detection, and mitigation
measures that are appropriate for protection of
human health and the environment.
‘‘(F) A method for considering the con-
sequences of a release of a hazardous liquid
from the facility, as appropriate.
‘‘(G) A method for monitoring cathodic
protection systems throughout the pipeline sys-
tem of the operator.
‘‘(H) If the Secretary raises a safety con-
cern relating to the facility, a description of the
actions to be taken by the operator to address
the safety concern, including issues raised with
the Secretary by States and local authorities
under an agreement entered into under section
60106.
‘‘(3) INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.—
‘‘(A) WAIVERS
AND
MODIFICATIONS.—In
accordance with section 60118(c), the Secretary
may waive or modify any requirement for in-
spection of a facility under paragraph (2)(A)
for reasons that may include the need to main-
tain local product supply or the lack of internal
inspection devices if the Secretary determines
that such waiver is not inconsistent with pipe-
line safety.
‘‘(B) INSPECTIONS
BY
DIRECT
ASSESS-
MENT.—The Secretary shall prescribe stand-
ards for inspection of a pipeline facility by di-
rect assessment.
‘‘(C) INSPECTIONS BY INTERNAL INSPEC-
TION
DEVICES.—After reviewing an integrity
management plan, the Secretary may require a
pipeline facility that is located in an area identi-
fied pursuant to subsection (a)(1) and that can
accommodate an internal inspection device to be
inspected by such a device under section 60108.
‘‘(4) 
CRITERIA
FOR
INTEGRITY
PROGRAM
STANDARDS.—
‘‘(A) FREQUENCY OF INSPECTIONS.—
‘‘(i) 
CONSIDERATIONS.—In 
deter-
mining whether to require inspection of a
facility at more frequent intervals than the
minimum intervals required under para-
graph (2)(A), an operator shall take into
account, as appropriate, the following:
‘‘(I) The potential for develop-
ment of new defects in the facility.
‘‘(II) The operational characteris-
tics of the facility, including age, oper-
ating pressure, block valve location,
corrosion history, spill history, and
any known deficiencies in the method
of pipeline construction or installation.
‘‘(III) The possible growth of
new and existing defects.
‘‘(ii) OUTSIDE FORCE DAMAGE.—For
purposes of clause (i)(I), in considering the
potential for development of new defects in
a pipeline facility from damage by an out-
side force, an operator shall consider infor-
mation available about current or planned
excavation activities and the effectiveness
of damage prevention programs in the
area.
‘‘(iii) BASELINE
INTEGRITY
ASSESS-
MENT.—Not later than 5 years after the
date of enactment of this subsection, an
operator of a pipeline facility that is re-
quired to implement an integrity manage-
ment program under paragraph (1) shall
complete a baseline integrity assessment of
each of the operator’s facilities in areas
identified pursuant to subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(B) MINIMUM LEVEL OF PROTECTION.—
An operator of a pipeline facility that is re-
quired to implement an integrity management
program under paragraph (1) shall—
‘‘(i) adopt standards under this sub-
section that provide a minimum level of
protection for the operator’s facilities in
areas identified pursuant to subsection
(a)(1) that is at least equivalent to the ap-
plicable level of protection established by
national consensus standards organiza-
tions; and
‘‘(ii) implement pressure testing and
other integrity management techniques in
a manner that minimizes environmental or
safety risks, such as by use of water for
pressure testing.
‘‘(5) ADDITIONAL STANDARDS.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall
prescribe standards to direct an operator’s con-
duct of a risk analysis and adoption and imple-
mentation of an integrity management program
under paragraph (1).
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—Standards prescribed
under subparagraph (A) shall address each of
the following factors:
‘‘(i) The type or frequency of inspec-
tions or testing of pipeline facilities, in ad-
dition to the minimum requirements of
paragraph (2)(A).
‘‘(ii) The manner in which the inspec-
tions or testing are conducted.
‘‘(iii) The criteria used in analyzing
results of the inspections or testing.
‘‘(iv) The types of information sources
that must be integrated in assessing the
integrity of a pipeline facility as well as the
manner of integration.
‘‘(v) The nature and timing of actions
selected to address the integrity of a pipe-
line facility.
‘‘(vi) Such other factors as the Sec-
retary determines appropriate to ensure
that the integrity of a pipeline facility is
addressed and that appropriate mitigative
measures are adopted to protect areas
identified under subsection (a)(1).
‘‘(C) SYSTEMS
TO
MONITOR
PRESSURE
AND
DETECT
LEAKS; USE
OF
EMERGENCY
FLOW
RESTRICTING
DEVICES.—The Secretary
may also prescribe standards requiring an oper-
ator of a pipeline facility to include in an integ-
rity management program under paragraph
(1)—
‘‘(i) changes to valves or the establish-
ment or modification of systems that mon-
itor pressure and detect leaks based on the
operator’s risk analysis; and
‘‘(ii) the use of emergency flow re-
stricting devices.
‘‘(D) INACTION BY THE SECRETARY.—The
responsibility of an operator of a pipeline facil-
ity to conduct a risk analysis or adopt or imple-
ment an integrity management program under
paragraph (1) shall not be affected by any fail-
ure of the Secretary to prescribe standards
under this paragraph.
‘‘(6) REVIEW
OF
INTEGRITY
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMS.—
‘‘(A) REVIEW OF PROGRAMS.—
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary
shall review a risk analysis and integrity
management program under paragraph (1)
and record the results of that review for
use in the next review of an operator’s pro-
gram.
‘‘(ii) CONTEXT OF REVIEW.—The Sec-
retary may conduct a review under clause
(i) as an element of the Secretary’s inspec-
tion of an operator.
‘‘(iii) 
INADEQUATE
PROGRAMS.—If
the Secretary determines that a risk anal-
ysis or integrity management program is
inadequate for the safe operation of a pipe-
line facility, the Secretary shall act under
section 60108(a)(2) to require the operator
to revise the risk analysis or integrity man-
agement program.
‘‘(B) AMENDMENTS
TO
PROGRAMS.—In
order to facilitate reviews under this paragraph,
an operator of a pipeline facility shall notify the
Secretary of any amendment made to the oper-
ator’s integrity management program not later
than 30 days after the date of adoption of the
amendment.
‘‘(C) TRANSMITTAL
OF
PROGRAMS
TO
STATE AUTHORITIES.—The Secretary shall pro-
vide a copy of a risk analysis and integrity
management program reviewed by the Secretary
under this paragraph to any appropriate State
authority with which the Secretary has entered
into an agreement under section 60106.
‘‘(7) STATE REVIEW OF INTEGRITY MANAGE-
MENT PLANS.—A State authority that enters into an
agreement pursuant to section 60106, permitting the
State authority to review the risk analysis and writ-
ten program for integrity management pursuant to
paragraph (6), may provide the Secretary with a
written assessment of the risk analysis and integrity
management program, make recommendations, as
appropriate, to address safety concerns not ade-
quately addressed by the operator’s risk analysis or
integrity management program, and submit docu-
mentation explaining the State-proposed revisions.
The Secretary shall carefully consider the State’s
proposals and work in consultation with the States
and operators to address safety concerns.
‘‘(8) APPLICATION
OF
STANDARDS.—Section
60104(b) shall not apply to this section.’’.
(b) INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS.—Sec-
tion 60109 is further amended by adding at the end the
following:
‘‘(d) INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS.—Not
later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this sub-
section, the Secretary shall—
‘‘(1) complete an assessment and evaluation of
the effects on public safety and the environment of
the requirements for the implementation of integrity
management programs contained in the standards
prescribed under subsection (c)(5); and
‘‘(2) make a determination as to the benefits to
public safety and the environment of extending such
requirements to additional areas.’’.
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 60118(a)
is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph
(2);
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (3) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) conduct a risk analysis, and adopt and im-
plement an integrity management program, for pipe-
line facilities as required under section 60109(c).’’.
SEC. 4. ENFORCEMENT.
(a) PIPELINE FACILITIES HAZARDOUS TO LIFE AND
PROPERTY.—
(1) GENERAL
AUTHORITY.—Section 60112(a)
is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.—After notice and an op-
portunity for a hearing, the Secretary of Transportation
may determine that a pipeline facility is hazardous if the
Secretary determines that—
‘‘(1) operation of the facility is or would be haz-
ardous to life, property, or the environment; or
‘‘(2) the facility is or would be constructed or
operated, or a component of the facility is or would
be constructed or operated, with equipment, mate-
rial, or a technique that the Secretary decides is
hazardous to life, property, or the environment.’’.
(2) CORRECTIVE
ACTION
ORDERS.—Section
60112(d) is amended by striking ‘‘is hazardous’’ and
inserting ‘‘is or would be hazardous’’.
(b) CIVIL PENALTIES.—
(1) 
GENERAL
PENALTIES.—Section
60122(a)(1) is amended—
(A) by striking ‘‘$25,000’’ and inserting
‘‘$100,000’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘$500,000’’ and inserting
‘‘$1,000,000’’.
(2) CIVIL PENALTIES FOR DISCHARGES.—Sec-
tion 60122(a) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
‘‘(3) A person who is the owner, operator, or person
in charge of a hazardous liquid pipeline facility from which
a hazardous liquid is discharged may be liable to the Gov-
ernment for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 per
day of violation or not more than $1,000 per barrel of
oil or other hazardous liquid discharged, except that a per-
son may not be liable for a civil penalty under this sub-
section for a discharge if the person has been assessed
a civil penalty under section 309 or 311(b) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1319; 1321(b))
for the discharge.’’.
(3) 
PENALTY
CONSIDERATIONS.—Section
60122(b) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(b) PENALTY CONSIDERATIONS.—In determining
the amount of a civil penalty under this section—
‘‘(1) the Secretary shall consider—
‘‘(A) the nature, circumstances, and grav-
ity of the violation, including adverse impact on
the environment;
‘‘(B) with respect to the violator, the de-
gree of culpability, any history of prior viola-
tions, the ability to pay, and any effect on abil-
ity to continue doing business; and
‘‘(C) good faith in attempting to comply;
and
‘‘(2) the Secretary may consider—
‘‘(A) the economic benefit gained from the
violation without any reduction because of sub-
sequent damages; and
‘‘(B) other matters that justice requires.’’.
(c) EXCAVATOR
DAMAGE.—Section 60123(d) is
amended—
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by
striking ‘‘knowingly and willfully’’;
(2) in paragraph (1) by inserting ‘‘knowingly
and willfully’’ before ‘‘engages’’; and
(3) by striking paragraph (2)(B) and inserting
the following:
‘‘(B) a pipeline facility, knows or has rea-
son to know of the damage, and does not report
the damage promptly to the operator of the
pipeline facility and to other appropriate au-
thorities; or’’.
(d) CIVIL ACTIONS.—Section 60120(a) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(a) CIVIL ACTIONS.—(1)’’ and
all that follows through ‘‘(2) At the request’’ and in-
serting the following:
‘‘(a) CIVIL ACTIONS.—
‘‘(1) CIVIL ACTIONS TO ENFORCE THIS CHAP-
TER.—At the request of the Secretary of Transpor-
tation, the Attorney General may bring a civil action
in an appropriate district court of the United States
to enforce this chapter, including section 60112, or
a regulation prescribed or order issued under this
chapter. The court may award appropriate relief, in-
cluding a temporary or permanent injunction, puni-
tive damages, and assessment of civil penalties, con-
sidering the same factors as prescribed for the Sec-
retary in an administrative case under section
60122.
‘‘(2) CIVIL ACTIONS TO REQUIRE COMPLIANCE
WITH SUBPENAS OR ALLOW FOR INSPECTIONS.—At
the request’’; and
(2) by aligning the remainder of the text of
paragraph (2) with the text of paragraph (1).
SEC. 5. COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW AND EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS.
(a) COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 60116 is amended
to read as follows:
‘‘§ 60116. Community right-to-know
‘‘(a) PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each owner or operator of
a gas transmission or hazardous liquid pipeline facil-
ity shall carry out a continuing program to educate
the public on—
‘‘(A) the use of a one-call notification sys-
tem prior to excavation and other damage pre-
vention activities;
‘‘(B) the possible hazards associated with
unintended releases from the pipeline facility;
and
‘‘(C) the physical indications that a pipe-
line release may have occurred, the steps that
should be taken for public safety in the event
of such a release, and how to report such a re-
lease.
‘‘(2) REVIEW AND MODIFICATION OF EXISTING
PROGRAMS.—
‘‘(A) OWNER
OR
OPERATOR.—Not later
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this
subsection, each owner or operator of a gas
transmission or hazardous liquid pipeline facil-
ity shall—
‘‘(i) review its existing public edu-
cation program for effectiveness and mod-
ify the program as necessary; and
‘‘(ii) submit to the Secretary of
Transportation for review a detailed de-
scription of its public education program,
including any modifications made to the
program as a result of the review under
clause (i).
‘‘(B) SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall re-
view the description of each public information
program for a facility submitted to the Sec-
retary under subparagraph (A)(ii) as an ele-
ment of the Secretary’s inspections of the facil-
ity.
‘‘(3) STANDARDS.—The Secretary may issue
standards prescribing the details of public education
programs under this section, providing for periodic
review of such programs, and providing for the
modification of such programs as needed. The Sec-
retary may also develop material for use in the pro-
grams.
‘‘(b) LIAISON WITH STATE AND LOCAL EMERGENCY
RESPONSE ENTITIES.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this subsection, an operator
of a gas transmission or hazardous liquid pipeline
facility shall initiate and maintain liaison with the
State emergency response commissions (and local
emergency planning committees in the areas of pipe-
line right-of-way) established under section 301 of
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-
Know Act of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11001) in each State
within the boundaries of which it operates.
‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—An op-
erator of a gas transmission or hazardous liquid
pipeline facility shall make available, when re-
quested, to the State emergency response commis-
sions and local emergency planning committees—
‘‘(A) the information described in section
60102(d);
‘‘(B) a copy of any integrity management
program adopted by the operator under section
60109; and
‘‘(C) information about implementation of
the integrity management program and about
the risks that the program is designed to ad-
dress.
‘‘(3) COMMUNITIES
WITHOUT
LOCAL
EMER-
GENCY
PLANNING
COMMITTEES.—In a community
without a local emergency planning committee, the
operator of a gas transmission or hazardous liquid
pipeline facility shall maintain liaison with the local
fire, police, and other emergency response agencies.
‘‘(4) FORMAT OF INFORMATION.—An operator
of a pipeline facility making information available
under this subsection shall make the information
available in a format integrated into a commercial
off-the-shelf in-vehicle portable computer global posi-
tioning system navigation mapping software used in
first responder vehicles equipped with portable com-
puters and responding to pipeline spills.