Canada and Mexico, entities described in paragraph 
(3), the Secretary, and other appropriate Federal 
agencies regarding implementation of such emer-
gency measures. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION.—An order for emergency 
measures under this subsection may apply to— 
‘‘(A) the Electric Reliability Organization; 
‘‘(B) a regional entity; or 
‘‘(C) any owner, user, or operator of the 
bulk-power system or of defense critical electric 
infrastructure within the United States. 
‘‘(4) DISCONTINUANCE.—The Commission shall 
issue an order discontinuing any emergency meas-
ures ordered under this subsection, effective not 
later than 30 days after the earliest of the following: 
‘‘(A) The date upon which the President 
issues and provides to the Commission (either 
directly or through the Secretary) a written di-
rective or determination that the grid security 
threat identified under paragraph (1) no longer 
exists. 
‘‘(B) The date upon which the Commission 
issues a written determination that the emer-
gency measures are no longer needed to address 
the grid security threat identified under para-
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graph (1), including by means of Commission 
approval of a reliability standard under section 
215 that the Commission determines adequately 
addresses such threat. 
‘‘(C) The date that is 1 year after the 
issuance of an order under paragraph (1), un-
less the President issues and provides to the 
Commission (either directly or through the Sec-
retary) a written directive or determination re-
affirming the continuing nature of the grid se-
curity threat identified under paragraph (1), 
provided that— 
‘‘(i) such directive or determination 
shall be effective for purposes of this para-
graph for no longer than 1 additional year 
unless extended through a subsequent di-
rective or determination reaffirming the 
continuing nature of the grid security 
threat identified under paragraph (1); and 
‘‘(ii) each such subsequent directive or 
determination shall be effective for pur-
poses of this paragraph for no longer than 
1 additional year. 
‘‘(5) COST RECOVERY.—If the Commission de-
termines that owners, operators, or users of the 
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bulk-power system or of defense critical electric in-
frastructure have incurred substantial costs to com-
ply with an order under this subsection and that 
such costs were prudently incurred and cannot rea-
sonably be recovered through regulated rates or 
market prices for the electric energy or services sold 
by such owners, operators, or users, the Commission 
shall, after notice and an opportunity for comment, 
establish a mechanism that permits such owners, op-
erators, or users to recover such costs. 
‘‘(c) MEASURES
TO
ADDRESS
GRID
SECURITY 
VULNERABILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) COMMISSION AUTHORITY.—If the Commis-
sion, in consultation with appropriate Federal agen-
cies, identifies a grid security vulnerability that the 
Commission determines has not adequately been ad-
dressed through a reliability standard developed and 
approved under section 215, the Commission shall, 
after notice and opportunity for comment and after 
consultation with the Secretary, other appropriate 
Federal agencies, and appropriate governmental au-
thorities in Canada and Mexico, promulgate a rule 
or issue an order requiring implementation, by any 
owner, operator, or user of the bulk-power system in 
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