endar year thereafter shall be equal to the prod-
uct obtained by multiplying— 
(i) the number of gallons of covered 
fuel that the President estimates will be 
sold or introduced into commerce in the 
calendar year; and 
(ii) the ratio that— 
(I) 
6,000,000,000 
gallons 
of 
clean coal-derived fuel; bears to 
(II) the number of gallons of cov-
ered fuel sold or introduced into com-
merce in calendar year 2022. 
(b) APPLICABLE PERCENTAGES.— 
(1) PROVISION OF ESTIMATE OF VOLUMES OF 
CERTAIN FUEL SALES.—Not later than October 31 
of each of calendar years 2015 through 2021, the 
Administrator of the Energy Information Adminis-
tration shall provide to the President an estimate, 
with respect to the following calendar year, of the 
volumes of covered fuel projected to be sold or intro-
duced into commerce in the United States. 
(2) DETERMINATION OF APPLICABLE PERCENT-
AGES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than Novem-
ber 30 of each of calendar years 2015 through 
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2022, based on the estimate provided under 
paragraph (1), the President shall determine 
and publish in the Federal Register, with re-
spect to the following calendar year, the clean 
coal-derived fuel obligation that ensures that 
the requirements of subsection (a) are met. 
(B) REQUIRED
ELEMENTS.—The clean 
coal-derived fuel obligation determined for a 
calendar year under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) be applicable to refineries, blend-
ers, and importers, as appropriate; 
(ii) be expressed in terms of a volume 
percentage of covered fuel sold or intro-
duced into commerce in the United States; 
and 
(iii) subject to paragraph (3)(A), con-
sist of a single applicable percentage that 
applies to all categories of persons speci-
fied in clause (i). 
(3) ADJUSTMENTS.—In determining the appli-
cable percentage for a calendar year, the President 
shall make adjustments— 
(A) to prevent the imposition of redundant 
obligations on any person specified in para-
graph (2)(B)(i); and 
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(B) to account for the use of clean coal-de-
rived fuel during the previous calendar year by 
small refineries that are exempt under sub-
section (f). 
(c) VOLUME CONVERSION FACTORS
FOR CLEAN 
COAL-DERIVED FUELS BASED ON ENERGY CONTENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—For the purpose of sub-
section (a), the President shall assign values to spe-
cific types of clean coal-derived fuel for the purpose 
of satisfying the fuel volume requirements of sub-
section (a)(4) in accordance with this subsection. 
(2) ENERGY
CONTENT
RELATIVE
TO
DIESEL 
FUEL.—For clean coal-derived fuels, 1 gallon of the 
clean coal-derived fuel shall be considered to be the 
equivalent of 1 gallon of diesel fuel multiplied by the 
ratio that— 
(A) the number of British thermal units of 
energy produced by the combustion of 1 gallon 
of the clean coal-derived fuel (as measured 
under conditions determined by the Secretary); 
bears to 
(B) the number of British thermal units of 
energy produced by the combustion of 1 gallon 
of diesel fuel (as measured under conditions de-
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termined by the Secretary to be comparable to 
conditions described in subparagraph (A)). 
(d) CREDIT PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary and the clean coal-derived 
fuel requirement of this section. 
(2) MARKET TRANSPARENCY.—In carrying out 
the credit program under this subsection, the Presi-
dent shall facilitate price transparency in markets 
for the sale and trade of credits, with due regard for 
the public interest, the integrity of those markets, 
fair competition, and the protection of consumers. 
(e) WAIVERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary and the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, may waive the re-
quirements of subsection (a) in whole or in part on 
petition by 1 or more States by reducing the na-
tional quantity of clean coal-derived fuel required 
under subsection (a), based on a determination by 
the President (after public notice and opportunity 
for comment), that— 
(A) implementation of the requirement 
would severely harm the economy or environ-
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ment of a State, a region, or the United States; 
or 
(B) extreme and unusual circumstances 
exist that prevent distribution of an adequate 
supply of domestically produced clean coal-de-
rived fuel to consumers in the United States. 
(2) PETITIONS FOR WAIVERS.—The President, 
in consultation with the Secretary and the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall 
approve or disapprove a State petition for a waiver 
of the requirements of subsection (a) within 90 days 
after the date on which the petition is received by 
the President. 
(3) TERMINATION
OF
WAIVERS.—A waiver 
granted under paragraph (1) shall terminate after 1 
year, but may be renewed by the President after 
consultation with the Secretary and the Adminis-
trator of the Environmental Protection Agency. 
(f) SMALL REFINERIES.— 
(1) TEMPORARY EXEMPTION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The requirements of 
subsection (a) shall not apply to small refineries 
until calendar year 2018. 
(B) EXTENSION OF EXEMPTION.— 
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(i) STUDY BY SECRETARY.—Not later 
than December 31, 2013, the Secretary 
shall submit to the President and Congress 
a report describing the results of a study 
to determine whether compliance with the 
requirements of subsection (a) would im-
pose a disproportionate economic hardship 
on small refineries. 
(ii) EXTENSION OF EXEMPTION.—In 
the case of a small refinery that the Sec-
retary determines under clause (i) would 
be subject to a disproportionate economic 
hardship if required to comply with sub-
section (a), the President shall extend the 
exemption under subparagraph (A) for the 
small refinery for a period of not less than 
2 additional years. 
(2) PETITIONS BASED ON DISPROPORTIONATE 
ECONOMIC HARDSHIP.— 
(A) EXTENSION OF EXEMPTION.—A small 
refinery may at any time petition the President 
for an extension of the exemption under para-
graph (1) for the reason of disproportionate 
economic hardship. 
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(B) EVALUATION OF PETITIONS.—In eval-
uating a petition under subparagraph (A), the 
President, in consultation with the Secretary, 
shall consider the findings of the study under 
paragraph (1)(B) and other economic factors. 
(C) DEADLINE
FOR
ACTION
ON
PETI-
TIONS.—The President shall act on any petition 
submitted by a small refinery for a hardship ex-
emption not later than 90 days after the date 
of receipt of the petition. 
(3) OPT-IN FOR SMALL REFINERIES.—A small 
refinery shall be subject to the requirements of sub-
section (a) if the small refinery notifies the Presi-
dent that the small refinery waives the exemption 
under paragraph (1). 
(g) PENALTIES AND ENFORCEMENT.— 
(1) CIVIL PENALTIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Any person that vio-
lates a regulation promulgated under subsection 
(a), or that fails to furnish any information re-
quired under such a regulation, shall be liable 
to the United States for a civil penalty of not 
more than the total of— 
(i) $25,000 for each day of the viola-
tion; and 
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(ii) the amount of economic benefit or 
savings received by the person resulting 
from the violation, as determined by the 
President. 
(B) COLLECTION.—Civil penalties under 
subparagraph (A) shall be assessed by, and col-
lected in a civil action brought by, the Secretary 
or such other officer of the United States as is 
designated by the President. 
(2) INJUNCTIVE AUTHORITY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The district courts of 
the United States shall have jurisdiction to— 
(i) restrain a violation of a regulation 
promulgated under subsection (a); 
(ii) award other appropriate relief; 
and 
(iii) compel the furnishing of informa-
tion required under the regulation. 
(B) ACTIONS.—An action to restrain such 
violations and compel such actions shall be 
brought by and in the name of the United 
States. 
(C) SUBPOENAS.—In the action, a sub-
poena for a witness who is required to attend 
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a district court in any district may apply in any 
other district. 
(h) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Except as otherwise specifi-
cally provided in this section, this section takes effect on 
January 1, 2015. 
Æ 
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