‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and 
discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosyn-
thetic systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(i) photoinduced production of hy-
drogen and oxygen from water; and 
‘‘(ii) the sustainable photoinduced re-
duction of carbon dioxide to fuel products 
including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon 
monoxide, and natural gas; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology. 
‘‘(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION
OF NATURAL 
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND RELATED PROCESSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to replicate natural photosynthetic 
processes by use of artificial photosynthetic compo-
nents and materials. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences shall support basic research to
expand fundamental knowledge to replicate nat-
ural synthesis processes, including— 
‘‘(i) the photoinduced reduction of 
dinitrogen to ammonia; 
‘‘(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 
from ambient air; 
‘‘(iii) molecular-based charge separa-
tion and storage; 
‘‘(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; 
and 
‘‘(v) catalysis in biological or bio-
mimetic systems; 
‘‘(B) the Associate Director of Biological 
and Environmental Research shall support sys-
tems biology and genomics approaches to un-
derstand genetic and physiological pathways 
connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and 
‘‘(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 
and Biological and Environmental Research, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
amended by striking the item relating to section 973 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.’’. 
(g) ELECTRICITY
STORAGE
RESEARCH
INITIA-
TIVE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 975 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended 
to read as follows:
‘‘SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Elec-
tricity Storage Research Initiative’ (referred to in 
this section as the ‘Initiative’)— 
‘‘(A) to expand theoretical and funda-
mental knowledge to control, store, and con-
vert— 
‘‘(i) electrical energy to chemical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(ii) chemical energy to electrical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
practical understanding of chemical and phys-
ical processes that occur within systems involv-
ing crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, 
and organic and aqueous liquids. 
‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 
and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary 
shall leverage expertise and resources from— 
‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, 
the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
Program, and the Biological and Environmental 
Research Program of the Office of Science; and
‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 
the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 
described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag-
gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 
‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 
provide sufficient resources to the multidisci-
plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 
achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 
over a period of time to be determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
may organize additional activities under this sub-
section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 
Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 
structures. 
‘‘(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.—