datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
third graduate without the skills and knowledge 
needed to succeed in college or the workplace. The 
outcomes for minority students are even worse: only 
about 52 percent of Hispanic, 56 percent of African- 
American, and 57 percent of Native-American stu-
dents graduate on time, compared to 78 percent of 
white students. 
(2) More than a decade after Congress declared 
a national goal that 90 percent of American high 
school students graduate from high school we are far 
from that target and graduation rates have stag-
nated. 
(3) Half of the Nation’s dropouts attend a 
‘‘dropout factory’’—schools where 40 percent or 
more of the freshman class has disappeared by the 
time the students reach their senior year. These 
schools, which are located in nearly every State, pri-
marily serve minority and poor students, and have 
fewer resources and less qualified teachers than 
schools in more affluent neighborhoods with larger 
numbers of white students. In fact, almost half of 
African-American students and nearly 40 percent of 
Latino students—compared to only 11 percent of 
white students—attend high schools in which grad-
uation is not the norm. 
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(4) If the Nation’s high schools and colleges 
raise the graduation rates of Hispanic, African- 
American, and Native-American students to the lev-
els of white students by 2020, the potential increase 
in personal income across the Nation would add, 
conservatively, more than $310,000,000,000 to the 
United States economy. 
(5) If the high school graduation rate for male 
students increased by just 5 percent, the Nation 
could save almost $5,000,000,000 a year in reduced 
spending on crime-related expenses such as prisons 
and medical costs for victims. An additional 
$2,700,000,000 could be generated in income if 
these high school graduates went on to college at the 
same rate as other male students. 
(6) A high school diploma is increasingly impor-
tant for success in the 21st century economy. In 
fact, an estimated 80 percent of current jobs and 
approximately 90 percent of the fastest-growing, 
highest-paying jobs require some sort of education 
beyond high school. 
(7) 
The 
Nation 
spends 
more 
than 
$1,400,000,000 a year to provide remedial courses 
to community college students who recently com-
pleted high school. And that figure does not include 
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the almost $2,300,000,000 that the economy loses 
because students who take remedial courses, particu-
larly in reading, are more likely to leave college with-
out getting a degree, and thereby reduce their earn-
ing potential. Across the Nation, 42 percent of com-
munity college freshmen and 20 percent of freshmen 
in 4-year institutions enroll in at least one remedial 
course. 
(8) Business and higher education consistently 
report that students are leaving high school unpre-
pared for the demands of college and the workplace. 
According to a survey of the National Association of 
Manufacturers, more than 80 percent of manufac-
turing companies are experiencing a shortage of 
qualified workers. More than two-thirds of manufac-
turing companies said that businesses train employ-
ees to raise basic skills, a sure sign that a high 
school education is deficient even for the few jobs 
that require nothing further. Forty percent of em-
ployers considered graduates deficient in their over-
all preparation for the workplace. 
(9) For decades, Federal funding has largely 
been spent on grades Pre-K to 6 and higher edu-
cation, with dramatically less given the middle and 
high school grades. While children in their early 
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IA 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. J. RES. 71
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States deeming 
Presidential nominees to be appointed at the time of nomination subject 
to disapproval by the Senate within 120 days of receiving the nomination 
from the President. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OCTOBER 1, 2003
Mr. MCCOTTER (for himself, Mr. CAMP, Mr. ROGERS of Michigan, Mrs. MIL-
LER of Michigan, Mr. HOEKSTRA, Mr. EHLERS, Mr. KNOLLENBERG, Mr. 
UPTON, and Mr. SMITH of Michigan) introduced the following joint reso-
lution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
JOINT RESOLUTION 
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United 
States deeming Presidential nominees to be appointed 
at the time of nomination subject to disapproval by the 
Senate within 120 days of receiving the nomination from 
the President.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America in Congress assembled
(two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the fol-
lowing article is proposed as an amendment to the Con-
stitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all 
intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when
IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. RES. 1037 
Expressing the need for enhanced public awareness of Hidradenitis 
Suppurativa, and for the support of the designation of a National 
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Awareness Month. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 11, 2008 
Mr. KAGEN submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce 
RESOLUTION 
Expressing the need for enhanced public awareness of 
Hidradenitis Suppurativa, and for the support of the 
designation of a National Hidradenitis Suppurativa 
Awareness Month. 
Whereas Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a common skin disease 
affecting at least 1 percent of the general population, and 
data suggests that the number of individuals afflicted 
may be underreported; 
Whereas Hidradenitis Suppurativa affects both males and fe-
males of every race and nationality, usually beginning in 
the second or third decade of life and often persisting 
into old age; 
Whereas Hidradenitis Suppurativa is considered one of the 
most difficult and chronic diseases of dermatology, caus-
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wwoods2 on PRODPC68 with BILLS
mitted in the form and manner required by the Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
is authorized to be appropriated $60,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2009 through 2018 to carry out this section. 
‘‘(e) REPORTING.—The Secretary shall include a de-
tailed description of activities carried out under this sec-
tion in the annual report prepared by the Veterans Bene-
fits Administration. 
‘‘(f) SEPARATE
ACCOUNTING.—The Department 
shall have a separate line item in budget proposals of the 
Department for funds to be appropriated to carry out this 
section.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
for such chapter is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 3687 the following new item: 
‘‘3687A. Military occupational specialty transition (MOST) program.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS.—(1) Subsection 
(a)(1) of section 3034 of such title is amended by striking 
‘‘and 3687’’ and inserting ‘‘3687, and 3687A’’. 
(2) Subsections (a)(1) and (c) of section 3241 of such 
title are each amended by striking ‘‘section 3687’’ and in-
serting ‘‘sections 3687 and 3687A’’. 
(3) Subsection (d)(1) of section 3672 of such title is 
amended by striking ‘‘and 3687’’ and inserting ‘‘3687, 
and 3687A’’.
(4) Paragraph (3) of section 4102A(b) of such title 
is amended by striking ‘‘section 3687’’ and inserting ‘‘sec-
tion 3687 or 3687A’’. 
Passed the House of Representatives July 31, 2008. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
in the State plan under title XIX exceeds 
5 percent, the product of $625 and the 
number of such individuals included in 
such excess, less the sum of the amount of 
such excess calculated in clauses (i) and 
(ii). 
‘‘(D) INDEXING OF DOLLAR AMOUNTS.— 
For each coverage period ending in a fiscal year 
ending after September 30, 2009, the dollar 
amounts specified in subparagraph (C) shall be 
increased by the percentage increase (if any) in 
the projected nominal per capita amount of Na-
tional Health Expenditures for the calendar 
year beginning on January 1 of the coverage 
period over the preceding coverage period, as 
most recently published by the Secretary before 
the beginning of the coverage period involved. 
‘‘(3) RULES
RELATING
TO
ENROLLMENT
IN-
CREASES.—For purposes of paragraph (2)(B)— 
‘‘(A) BASELINE MONTHLY AVERAGE.—Ex-
cept as provided in subparagraph (C), the base-
line monthly average for any fiscal year for a 
State is equal to— 
‘‘(i) the baseline monthly average for 
the preceding fiscal year; multiplied by 
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H. Res. 1038 
In the House of Representatives, U. S., 
April 10, 2008. 
Whereas, in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, 
the Department of Homeland Security was created in an 
effort to consolidate our Nation’s efforts to prevent, pre-
pare for, respond to, and mitigate against threats to the 
homeland, including acts of terrorism, natural disasters, 
or other emergencies; 
Whereas the Department of Homeland Security marked its 
fifth year of full-scale operations on March 1, 2008; 
Whereas the Department has strived to integrate 22 dis-
parate agencies and offices, while at the same time has 
been successful in helping prevent another terrorist at-
tack over this period; 
Whereas the United States must continue to remain vigilant 
against all such threats; 
Whereas the employees of the Department of Homeland Se-
curity have spent the past 5 years enhancing our Na-
tion’s domestic preparedness and collective response to 
terrorism and standing ready to assist State, local, and 
tribal governments as they prepare for and prevent acts 
of terrorism and respond to natural disasters and other 
emergencies;
IV 
House Calendar No. 43 
112TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 288 
[Report No. 112–97] 
Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2055) making appropriations 
for military construction, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and related 
agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2012, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 1, 2011 
Mr. WEBSTER, from the Committee on Rules, reported the following resolu-
tion; which was referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed 
RESOLUTION 
Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2055) making 
appropriations for military construction, the Department 
of Veterans Affairs, and related agencies for the fiscal 
year ending September 30, 2012, and for other purposes. 
Resolved, That at any time after the adoption of this 
resolution the Speaker may, pursuant to clause 2(b) of 
rule XVIII, declare the House resolved into the Committee 
of the Whole House on the state of the Union for consider-
ation of the bill (H.R. 2055) making appropriations for 
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‘‘(ii) the sum of 1 plus the sum of— 
‘‘(I) 0.01; and 
‘‘(II) the percentage increase in 
the population of low-income children 
in the State from the preceding fiscal 
year to the fiscal year involved, as de-
termined by the Secretary based on 
the most timely and accurate pub-
lished estimates of the Bureau of the 
Census before the beginning of the 
fiscal year involved. 
‘‘(B) COVERAGE PERIOD.—Except as pro-
vided in subparagraph (C), the coverage period 
for any fiscal year consists of the last 2 quar-
ters of the preceding fiscal year and the first 2 
quarters of the fiscal year. 
‘‘(C) SPECIAL
RULES
FOR
FISCAL
YEAR 
2009.—With respect to fiscal year 2009— 
‘‘(i) the coverage period for that fiscal 
year shall be based on the first 2 quarters 
of fiscal year 2009; and 
‘‘(ii) the baseline monthly average 
shall be— 
‘‘(I) the average monthly enroll-
ment of low-income children enrolled 
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108TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. J. RES. 73
JOINT RESOLUTION
Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year
2004, and for other purposes.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That Public Law 108–84 is amended by striking the date
years must build a strong foundation for learning, 
research also clearly demonstrates the need to con-
tinue the investment at each stage of the education 
process or risk losing much of the benefit of the 
early effort. 
(10) The United States has made some 
progress in education outcomes in the early years of 
education and in higher education, but has seen de-
cline in the middle and high school years. In terms 
of demonstrating return on investment, where Fed-
eral educational commitment has been made, posi-
tive outcomes have resulted. 
(11) Only 8 percent of title I of the Elementary 
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
6301 et seq.) participants are high school students, 
leaving millions of title I-eligible, high school stu-
dents in low-performing schools without the focused 
support, external assistance, and resources for im-
provement that title I was created to provide. Be-
cause title I funds serve as the trigger for school im-
provement requirements in the Elementary and Sec-
ondary Education Act of 1965, this also means that 
most low-income, low-performing high schools are 
not required to (or supported to) implement school 
improvement activities. 
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in the State’s plan under title XIX for 
the first 2 quarters of fiscal year 2007 
(as determined over a 6-month period 
on the basis of the most recent infor-
mation reported through the Medicaid 
Statistical 
Information 
System 
(MSIS)); multiplied by 
‘‘(II) the sum of 1 plus the sum 
of— 
‘‘(aa) 0.02; and 
‘‘(bb) the percentage in-
crease in the population of low- 
income children in the State from 
fiscal year 2007 to fiscal year 
2009, as determined by the Sec-
retary based on the most timely 
and accurate published estimates 
of the Bureau of the Census be-
fore the beginning of the fiscal 
year involved. 
‘‘(D) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR ELI-
GIBILITY FOR PAYMENT.—For purposes of sub-
paragraphs (B) and (C), the average monthly 
enrollment shall be determined without regard 
to children who do not meet the income eligi-
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1324 
landowners, conservation organizations, and other 
nations that share jurisdiction over natural resources 
with the United States; 
(7) specific actions to develop and implement 
consistent natural resources inventory and moni-
toring protocols through interagency coordination 
and collaboration; and 
(8) a process for guiding the development of de-
tailed agency- and department-specific adaptation 
plans required under section 478 to address the im-
pacts of climate change and ocean acidification on 
the natural resources in the jurisdiction of each 
agency. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—Consistent with its authori-
ties under other laws and with Federal trust responsibil-
ities with respect to Indian lands, each Federal depart-
ment or agency with representation on the National Re-
sources Climate Change Adaptation Panel shall consider 
the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification and 
integrate the elements of the strategy into agency plans, 
environmental reviews, programs, and activities related to 
the conservation, restoration, and management of natural 
resources.
(A) has a capital liquidity shortage, in ac-
cordance with regulations that the Secretary 
shall establish; and 
(B) cannot access capital in the private 
markets at a commercially reasonable rate. 
(2) AMOUNT.—The principal amount of the 
loan may not exceed the ceiling coverage level for the 
qualified reinsurance program. 
(3) RATE OF INTEREST.—The loan shall bear 
interest at an annual rate 3 percentage points high-
er than marketable obligations of the Treasury hav-
ing the same term to maturity as the loan and 
issued during the most recently completed month, as 
determined by the Secretary, or such higher rate as 
may be necessary to ensure that the amounts of in-
terest paid under such loans exceed the sum of the 
costs (as such term is defined in section 502 of the 
Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 
661a)) of such loans, the administrative costs in-
volved in carrying out a program under this title for 
such loans, and any incidental effects on govern-
mental receipts and outlays. 
(4) TERM.—The loan shall have a term to ma-
turity of not less than 5 years and not more than 
10 years.
110TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6221 
AN ACT 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to require 
the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to include in 
each contract the Secretary enters for the acqui-
sition of goods and services a provision that re-
quires the contractee to comply with the con-
tracting goals and preferences for small business 
concerns owned or controlled by veterans, and for 
other purposes.
SEC. 305. FEDERAL NATURAL CATASTROPHE REINSUR-
ANCE FUND. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within 
the Treasury of the United States a fund to be known 
as the Federal Natural Catastrophe Reinsurance Fund (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘Fund’’). 
(b) CREDITS.—The Fund shall be credited with— 
(1) amounts received annually from the sale of 
contracts for reinsurance coverage under this title; 
(2) any amounts appropriated under section 
304; and 
(3) any amounts earned on investments of the 
Fund pursuant to subsection (d). 
(c) USES.—Amounts in the Fund shall be available 
to the Secretary only for the following purposes: 
(1) CONTRACT PAYMENTS.—For payments to 
purchasers covered under contracts for reinsurance 
coverage for eligible losses under such contracts. 
(2) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—To pay for 
the administrative expenses incurred by the Sec-
retary in carrying out the reinsurance program 
under this title. 
(3) 
OUTWARDS
REINSURANCE.—To 
obtain 
retrocessional or other reinsurance coverage of any 
kind to cover risk reinsured under contracts for rein-
surance coverage made available under this title.
improvement system that can improve student achieve-
ment and graduation rates, and effectively target re-
sources and technical assistance to high-priority high 
schools. 
SEC. 105. ALLOTMENT TO STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall make grants 
to State educational agencies with applications approved 
under section 109 to enable the States to carry out the 
activities specified in section 110. Each grant shall consist 
of the allotment determined for a State under subsection 
(b)(2). 
(b) DETERMINATION OF ALLOTMENTS.— 
(1) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.—From the total 
amount appropriated for this Act, the Secretary 
shall reserve— 
(A) 4 percent to— 
(i) evaluate activities authorized under 
this title, including supporting large-scale 
randomized studies of planned variations 
in school time, such as length of school 
day, week, and year, teacher effectiveness, 
class size, teacher training, performance or 
placement incentives, and other major 
school improvement inputs, in order to de-
termine the most effective strategies for 
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improving student achievement and out-
comes for students attending high-priority 
high schools; and 
(ii) disseminate findings of such eval-
uations; 
(B) 2 percent to provide technical assist-
ance and ongoing regional training programs— 
(i) to build the capacity of State edu-
cational agencies and local educational 
agencies to provide technical assistance to 
improve high-priority high schools; 
(ii) to develop the capacity of State 
educational agencies to effectively manage 
a differentiated high school improvement 
system and analyze the capacity of local 
educational agencies and high schools to 
effectively implement proven high school 
reform strategies; and 
(iii) to develop, in middle schools 
served by a local educational agency whose 
students go on to attend high schools iden-
tified by the local educational agency as in 
need of whole school reforms or replace-
ment, middle grade early indicator warning 
systems consisting of factors used to iden-
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rorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458; 8 
U.S.C. 1185 note) before June 1, 2009. 
SEC. 547. None of the funds made available in this 
Act may be used in contravention of section 642(a) of the 
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility 
Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1373(a)). 
SEC. 548. The Amount otherwise provided by this Act 
for ‘‘Firefighter Assistance Grants’’ is hereby increased by 
$5,058,000, which shall be available to carry out section 
34 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 
1974. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Department of Home-
land Security Appropriations Act, 2008’’. 
Passed the House of Representatives June 15, 2007. 
Attest: 
Clerk.
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 2638 
AN ACT 
Making appropriations for the Department of 
Homeland Security for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 2008, and for other purposes.