172 
describes the results of the study, including any rec-
ommendations of the Secretary. 
SEC. 4415. STANDARDS FOR BIOFUELS DISPENSERS. 
In the absence of appropriate private sector stand-
ards adopted prior to the date of enactment of this Act, 
and consistent with the National Technology Transfer and 
Advancement Act of 1995, the Secretary of Energy, in 
consultation with the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall develop standards for 
biofuel dispenser systems in order to promote broader 
biofuels adoption and utilization. 
SEC. 4416. ALGAL BIOMASS. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a report on the progress of the re-
search and development that is being conducted on the 
use of algae as a feedstock for the production of biofuels. 
The report shall identify continuing research and develop-
ment challenges and any regulatory or other barriers 
found by the Secretary that hinder the use of this re-
source, as well as recommendations on how to encourage 
and further its development as a viable transportation 
fuel. 
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173 
Subtitle F—Carbon Capture and 
Storage 
SEC. 4501. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Department of En-
ergy Carbon Capture and Storage Research, Development, 
and Demonstration Act of 2007’’. 
SEC. 4502. CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) AMENDMENTS.—Section 963 of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16293) is amended— 
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘RE-
SEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT’’ and inserting 
‘‘AND
STORAGE
RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, 
AND DEMONSTRATION’’; 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘research and develop-
ment’’ and inserting ‘‘and storage research, de-
velopment, and demonstration’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘capture technologies on 
combustion-based systems’’ and inserting ‘‘cap-
ture and storage technologies related to electric 
power generating systems’’; 
(3) in subsection (b)— 
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174 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) to expedite and carry out large-scale test-
ing of carbon sequestration systems in a range of ge-
ological formations that will provide information on 
the cost and feasibility of deployment of sequestra-
tion technologies.’’; and 
(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(c) PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(1) FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEER-
ING
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT
AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION
SUPPORTING
CARBON
CAPTURE
AND 
STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
carry out fundamental science and engineering 
research 
(including 
laboratory-scale 
experi-
ments, numeric modeling, and simulations) to 
develop and document the performance of new 
approaches to capture and store carbon dioxide, 
or to learn how to use carbon dioxide in prod-
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175 
ucts to lead to an overall reduction of carbon 
dioxide emissions. 
‘‘(B) PROGRAM INTEGRATION.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure that fundamental research 
carried out under this paragraph is appro-
priately applied to energy technology develop-
ment activities and the field testing of carbon 
sequestration and carbon use activities, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) development of new or advanced 
technologies for the capture of carbon diox-
ide; 
‘‘(ii) development of new or advanced 
technologies that reduce the cost and in-
crease the efficacy of the compression of 
carbon dioxide required for the storage of 
carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(iii) modeling and simulation of geo-
logical sequestration field demonstrations; 
‘‘(iv) quantitative assessment of risks 
relating to specific field sites for testing of 
sequestration technologies; and 
‘‘(v) research and development of new 
and advanced technologies for carbon use, 
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176 
including recycling and reuse of carbon di-
oxide. 
‘‘(2) FIELD
VALIDATION
TESTING
ACTIVI-
TIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
promote, to the maximum extent practicable, 
regional carbon sequestration partnerships to 
conduct geologic sequestration tests involving 
carbon dioxide injection and monitoring, mitiga-
tion, and verification operations in a variety of 
candidate geological settings, including— 
‘‘(i) operating oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(ii) depleted oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(iii) unmineable coal seams; 
‘‘(iv) deep saline formations; 
‘‘(v) deep geologic systems that may 
be used as engineered reservoirs to extract 
economical quantities of heat from geo-
thermal resources of low permeability or 
porosity; 
‘‘(vi) deep geologic systems containing 
basalt formations; and 
‘‘(vii) high altitude terrain oil and gas 
fields. 
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