were able to make progress in that respect. We 
didn’t get as far as the world is demanding. These 
are global sanctions that are on North Korea today 
. . . We’re determined. I’m convinced the North Ko-
reans are determined as well. Chairman Kim has 
promised me, he’s promised President Trump, he 
will denuclearize. Now it’s the mission of my team 
to make sure that happens.’’. 
(26) On May 5, 2019, North Korea tested three 
missile systems at ranges of up to 240 kilometers, 
including a short-range ballistic missile (SRBM), a 
300mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL), and a 
240mm multiple rocket launcher. 
(27) On May 9, 2019, the Department of Jus-
tice announced the filing of a civil forfeiture com-
plaint against a bulk carrier ship registered in North 
Korea, which according to the complaint, ‘‘was used 
to illicitly ship coal from North Korea and to deliver 
heavy machinery to the DPRK’’, in violation of 
‘‘longstanding U.S. law and United Nations Security 
Council resolutions’’. 
SEC. 4. STATEMENTS OF POLICY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—It is the policy of the United 
States— 
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(1) to pursue all credible diplomatic means to 
achieve the denuclearization of North Korea, includ-
ing— 
(A) the complete abandonment of all North 
Korean nuclear weapons, fissile material, and 
existing nuclear programs; and 
(B) North Korea returning to, and at an 
early date coming into compliance with, the Nu-
clear Nonproliferation Treaty and International 
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards; 
(2) to seek the complete and verifiable dis-
mantlement of all North Korean nuclear weapons-re-
lated facilities, including for— 
(A) the production and processing of fissile 
material; and 
(B) scientific research related to the pro-
duction of nuclear weapons; 
(3) to seek appropriate inspections, verification, 
and compliance measures, including full-scope safe-
guards, to assure the complete denuclearization of 
North Korea; 
(4) to seek the complete and verifiable dis-
mantlement of— 
(A) all North Korean ballistic missiles, of 
any range; and 
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(B) all infrastructure and facilities related 
to the production, testing, and fielding or de-
ployment of ballistic missiles; 
(5) to seek the complete and verifiable dis-
mantlement of all North Korean programs related to 
weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and 
biological weapons and the industrial and scientific 
facilities to support such programs; 
(6) to affirm that the United States has no in-
tention to undertake any military action against 
North Korea that is contrary to the United States 
Constitution and international law; 
(7) until such time as denuclearization is 
achieved— 
(A) to deter North Korea from using weap-
ons of mass destruction or leveraging those 
weapons to coerce United States allies; 
(B) to contain attempts by North Korea to 
proliferate such weapons and technologies; 
(C) to sustain United States and multilat-
eral efforts to reduce the risk of conflict on the 
Korean Peninsula; and 
(D) to continue to exert economic pressure 
against North Korea in cooperation with the 
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United Nations and the international commu-
nity; 
(8) should diplomacy and deterrence fail to re-
sult in the denuclearization of North Korea, to re-
serve the right to utilize all available options pursu-
ant to the United States Constitution to protect and 
defend United States national security interests and 
meet United States treaty obligations; and 
(9) to uphold the Nuclear Nonproliferation 
Treaty and not recognize North Korea as a legiti-
mate nuclear weapons state. 
(b) DIPLOMACY.—It is the policy of the United 
States— 
(1) to pursue diplomatic engagement with the 
Government of North Korea for the purposes of— 
(A) advancing meaningful negotiations re-
garding denuclearization, including the Govern-
ment of North Korea abandoning and disman-
tling its missile and nuclear weapons programs, 
ceasing its proliferation activities, and coming 
into compliance with international agreements 
and United Nations Security Council resolu-
tions; 
(B) reducing the risks of military mis-
calculation; and 
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(C) creating opportunities for the develop-
ment of confidence-building measures; 
(2) to formulate and carry out policy affecting 
the Korean Peninsula in close cooperation with 
United States allies, particularly South Korea; 
(3) to encourage those countries that maintain 
diplomatic relations with North Korea to take all 
necessary steps to ensure that North Korean diplo-
matic missions are not used for any activities incon-
sistent with the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic 
Relations, international law governing the operation 
of diplomatic missions, United States and United 
Nations sanctions, and accepted norms of behavior 
for diplomats and diplomatic missions; 
(4) to encourage all countries to fully imple-
ment and enforce United Nations sanctions commit-
ments with respect to North Korea, including ending 
the practice of hosting overseas North Korean work-
ers; 
(5) to increase the effectiveness of United 
States sanctions by seeking to work through the 
United Nations and with other like-minded countries 
to ensure a multilateral approach to sanctions; 
(6) to provide unmistakable assurance to Japan 
and South Korea that the United States is com-
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mitted to fulfilling its treaty obligations if they are 
attacked; 
(7) to provide support for North Korean refu-
gees and asylum seekers in accordance with United 
States and international law; 
(8) to promote the human rights and dignity of 
the North Korean people, including through the 
United Nations and other multilateral institutions; 
and 
(9) to seek opportunities for humanitarian ac-
tions, such as family reunification and the return of 
human remains of United States servicemembers 
missing in action and killed in action on the Korean 
Peninsula. 
(c) ECONOMIC PRESSURE.—It is the policy of the 
United States to sustain and calibrate economic pressure 
on North Korea until North Korea undertakes meaningful 
and verifiable actions toward denuclearization, including 
by— 
(1) encouraging all countries to implement and 
enforce existing United Nations sanctions; 
(2) leveraging the strength of the United States 
financial system to deny access by the Government 
of North Korea and those with whom such govern-
ment facilitates illicit financial transactions to the 
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United States and global markets, including through 
the use of secondary sanctions; 
(3) encouraging all countries, in accordance 
with United Nations Security Council resolutions, to 
end the practice of hosting North Koreans as guest 
workers, recognizing that such workers are dem-
onstrated to constitute an illicit source of revenue 
for the Government of North Korea and its nuclear 
program; 
(4) working with the international community 
on interdiction of shipments to and from North 
Korea, including ship-to-ship transfers, consistent 
with United Nations Security Council resolutions 
that have banned nearly every major export from 
North Korea; and 
(5) enforcing United States laws with respect to 
sanctioning entities, including Russian and Chinese 
entities, that knowingly engage with sanctioned enti-
ties from North Korea or trade in items prohibited 
under United Nations Security Council resolutions. 
(d) PROLIFERATION
OF NUCLEAR
AND MISSILE 
TECHNOLOGY.—It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to prevent the transfer of nuclear weapons, 
missile technology, or related material to or from 
North Korea and other states or non-state actors; 
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(2) to support the efforts of the international 
community to detect, interdict, and prevent the 
transfers of nuclear or missile technology or related 
items to or from North Korea; 
(3) to prioritize coordination with global part-
ners, including through technical assistance and ca-
pacity building, to enhance the ability of the global 
community to monitor, interdict, and prosecute enti-
ties that engage in transfer of nuclear weapons, mis-
sile technology, or related material to or from North 
Korea; and 
(4) to abide by United States obligations under 
the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty— 
(A) not to assist any country in the devel-
opment of nuclear weapons; and 
(B) to encourage all countries to abide by 
their commitments under such Treaty and 
International Atomic Energy Agency agree-
ments. 
(e) ALLIANCES AND MILITARY POSTURE.—It is the 
policy of the United States— 
(1) to reaffirm the importance of the United 
States-Japan and United States-South Korea alli-
ances for maintaining peace and stability in the 
Indo-Pacific region and beyond; 
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(2) to reaffirm that the United States commit-
ments to South Korea and Japan, as codified under 
the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United 
States and the Republic of Korea (1954) and the 
Mutual Security Treaty between the United States 
and Japan (1951), are not contingent on the state 
of the United States’ relations with North Korea or 
any progress that may be made towards North Ko-
rea’s denuclearization; 
(3) to reaffirm United States extended deter-
rence commitments to Japan and South Korea, in-
cluding 
through 
maintaining 
forward-deployed 
United States military forces; 
(4) to reaffirm the importance of the forward- 
deployed presence of United States military forces in 
Japan and South Korea that continues to play a 
critical role in safeguarding the peaceful and stable 
rules-based international order that benefits all 
countries; 
(5) to reaffirm close alliance coordination on 
any adjustment of United States military posture in 
the region; 
(6) to strengthen United States efforts to con-
front emerging or asymmetric challenges, including 
in the cyber and space domains; 
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(7) to safeguard maritime security and ensure 
freedom of navigation, commerce, and overflight in 
the region; 
(8) to cooperate with allies and partners in the 
provision of public goods to the region, including hu-
manitarian relief and disaster response; and 
(9) to ensure any action to curtail or remove 
United States military forces in South Korea shall 
include regular consultation with Congress regarding 
the implications of proposed changes on United 
States readiness to meet our commitments in the re-
gion. 
(f) DEFENSE AND DETERRENCE MEASURES.—It is 
the policy of the United States— 
(1) to keep United States security commitments 
to United States allies and take necessary actions 
for United States self-defense and the defense of 
United States allies, including joint military exer-
cises, the modernization of weapons systems de-
ployed in the Indo-Pacific region, and counter-provo-
cation planning by the United States and Republic 
of Korea Combined Forces Command, as well as to 
negotiate full and equitable Special Measures Agree-
ments for alliance burden sharing with South Korea 
and Japan; 
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(2) to develop and deploy antiballistic missile 
capabilities to defend the United States homeland, 
United States military forces in the region, and 
United States allies Japan and South Korea; 
(3) to formulate and carry out military plan-
ning and operations impacting the Korean Peninsula 
in close cooperation with United States allies, par-
ticularly South Korea and Japan; 
(4) to deter North Korea in a manner that bol-
sters the force posture and military strength of 
United States alliance and partner networks in the 
region; and 
(5) to maintain, as necessary and appropriate, 
credible and overwhelming military options to be 
used in a manner consistent with the United States 
Constitution against the Government of North 
Korea, to deter the Government of North Korea 
from use of nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles, and 
related technology. 
(g) HUMAN RIGHTS.—It is the policy of the United 
States— 
(1) to promote human rights for the North Ko-
rean people; 
(2) to revisit and explore new opportunities for 
coordinating efforts to plan for humanitarian needs 
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