603 
nearest the marshal’s home at no cost to the marshal or the United 
States Government if the marshal is traveling to that airport after 
completing his or her security duties; 
(6) may enter into agreements with Federal, State, and local agen-
cies under which appropriately trained law enforcement personnel from 
the agencies, when traveling on a flight of an air carrier, will carry a 
firearm and be prepared to assist Federal air marshals; 
(7) shall establish procedures to ensure that Federal air marshals 
are made aware of armed or unarmed law enforcement personnel on 
board an aircraft; and 
(8) may appoint as a Federal air marshal, regardless of age (if the 
individual otherwise meets the background and fitness qualifications re-
quired for Federal air marshals)— 
(A) an individual who is a retired law enforcement officer; or 
(B) an individual who is a retired member of the armed forces. 
(b) LONG DISTANCE FLIGHTS.—In making the determination under sub-
section (a)(2), nonstop, long distance flights, such as those targeted on Sep-
tember 11, 2001, should be a priority. 
(c) CONTINUATION OF INITIATIVES TO PROTECT ANONYMITY OF FED-
ERAL AIR MARSHALS.—The Director of the Federal Air Marshal Service 
shall continue operational initiatives to protect the anonymity of Federal air 
marshals. 
(d) TRAINING
FOR FEDERAL
AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT PER-
SONNEL.— 
(1) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION.—The Director of Immigration 
and Customs Enforcement and the Director of the Federal Air Marshal 
Service shall make available, as practicable, appropriate information on 
in-flight counterterrorism and weapons handling procedures and tactics 
training to Federal law enforcement officers who fly while in possession 
of a firearm. 
(2) IDENTIFICATION OF FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS.—The Director 
of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Director of the Fed-
eral Air Marshal Service, in coordination with the Administrator, shall 
ensure that Transportation Security Administration screeners and Fed-
eral air marshals receive training in identifying fraudulent identifica-
tion documents, including fraudulent or expired visas and passports. 
The training also shall be made available to other Federal law enforce-
ment agencies and local law enforcement agencies located in a State 
that borders Canada or Mexico. 
(e) TRAINING FOR FOREIGN LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of Immigration and Customs En-
forcement, after consultation with the Secretary of State, may direct 
the Federal Air Marshal Service to provide appropriate air marshal 
training to law enforcement personnel of foreign countries. 
(2) WATCHLIST SCREENING.—The Federal Air Marshal Service may 
only provide appropriate air marshal training to law enforcement per-
sonnel of foreign countries after comparing the identifying information 
and records of law enforcement personnel of foreign countries against 
all appropriate records in the consolidated and integrated terrorist 
watchlists maintained by the Federal Government. 
(3) FEES.—The Director of Immigration and Customs Enforcement 
shall establish reasonable fees and charges to pay expenses incurred in 
carrying out this subsection. Funds collected under this subsection 
shall be credited to the account in the Treasury from which the ex-
penses were incurred and shall be available to the Director of Immigra-
tion and Customs Enforcement for purposes for which amounts in the 
account are available. 
§ 40928. Crew training 
(a) BASIC SECURITY TRAINING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Each air carrier providing scheduled passenger 
air transportation shall carry out a training program for flight and 
cabin crew members to prepare the crew members for potential threat 
conditions. 
(2) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—An air carrier training program under 
this subsection shall include, at a minimum, elements that address each 
of the following: 
(A) Recognizing suspicious activities and determining the seri-
ousness of an occurrence. 
(B) Crew communication and coordination. 
(C) The proper commands to give passengers and attackers. 
(D) Appropriate responses to defend oneself. 
(E) Use of protective devices assigned to crew members (to the 
extent devices are required by the Administrator and the Adminis-
trator of the Federal Aviation Administration). 
(F) Psychology of terrorists to cope with hijacker behavior and 
passenger responses. 
(G) Situational training exercises regarding various threat con-
ditions. 
(H) Flight deck procedures or aircraft maneuvers to defend the 
aircraft and cabin crew responses to the procedures and maneu-
vers. 
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(I) The proper conduct of a cabin search, including explosive de-
vice recognition. 
(J) Other subject matter considered appropriate by the Admin-
istrator. 
(3) APPROVAL.—An air carrier training program under this sub-
section shall be subject to approval by the Administrator. 
(4) MINIMUM STANDARDS.—The Administrator may establish min-
imum standards for the training provided under this subsection and for 
recurrent training. 
(5) PROGRAMS TO CONTINUE IN EFFECT.—Notwithstanding para-
graphs (3) and (4), a training program of an air carrier to prepare 
flight and cabin crew members for potential threat conditions that was 
approved by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
or the Administrator before December 12, 2003, may continue in effect 
until disapproved or ordered modified by the Administrator. 
(6) MONITORING.—The Administrator, in consultation with the Ad-
ministrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall monitor air 
carrier training programs under this subsection and periodically shall 
review an air carrier’s training program to ensure that the program is 
adequately preparing crew members for potential threat conditions. In 
determining when an air carrier’s training program should be reviewed 
under this paragraph, the Administrator shall consider complaints from 
crew members. The Administrator shall ensure that employees respon-
sible for monitoring the training programs have the necessary resources 
and knowledge. 
(7) UPDATES.—The Administrator, in consultation with the Admin-
istrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall order air carriers 
to modify training programs under this subsection to reflect new or dif-
ferent security threats. 
(b) ADVANCED SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall develop and provide a 
voluntary training program for flight and cabin crew members of air 
carriers providing scheduled passenger air transportation. 
(2) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The training program under this sub-
section shall include both classroom and effective hands-on training in 
the following elements of self-defense: 
(A) Deterring a passenger who might present a threat. 
(B) Advanced control, striking, and restraint techniques. 
(C) Training to defend oneself against edged or contact weap-
ons. 
(D) Methods to subdue and restrain an attacker. 
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(E) Use of available items aboard the aircraft for self-defense. 
(F) Appropriate and effective responses to defend oneself, in-
cluding the use of force against an attacker. 
(G) Other elements of training that the Administrator considers 
appropriate. 
(3) PARTICIPATION NOT REQUIRED.—A crew member shall not be 
required to participate in the training program under this subsection. 
(4) COMPENSATION.—Neither the Federal Government nor an air 
carrier shall be required to compensate a crew member for partici-
pating in the training program under this subsection. 
(5) FEES.—A crew member is not required to pay a fee for the 
training program under this subsection. 
(6) CONSULTATION.—In developing the training program under this 
subsection, the Administrator shall consult with law enforcement per-
sonnel and security experts who have expertise in self-defense training, 
terrorism experts, representatives of air carriers, the director of self- 
defense training in the Federal Air Marshal Service, flight attendants, 
labor organizations representing flight attendants, and educational in-
stitutions offering law enforcement training programs. 
(7) DESIGNATION OF TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 
OFFICIAL.—The Administrator shall designate an official in the Trans-
portation Security Administration to be responsible for implementing 
the training program under this subsection. The official shall consult 
with air carriers and labor organizations representing crew members 
before implementing the program to ensure that it is appropriate for 
situations that may arise on board an aircraft during a flight. 
(c) LIMITATION.—Actions by crew members under this section shall be 
subject to the provisions of section 40913(k) of this title. 
§ 40929. Security screening program 
(a) IN GENERAL.—An operator of an airport may submit to the Adminis-
trator an application to have the screening of passengers and property at 
the airport under section 40911 of this title be carried out by the screening 
personnel of a qualified private screening company under a contract entered 
into with the Administrator. 
(b) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the date of receipt 
of an application submitted by an airport operator under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall approve or deny the application. 
(2) STANDARDS.—The Administrator shall approve an application 
submitted by an airport operator under subsection (a) if the Adminis-
trator determines that the approval would not compromise security or 
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