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and tasked the Director-General of the International
Atomic Energy Agency to locate and remove or destroy
all nuclear weapons systems, subsystems or material from
Iraq;
Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 715,
adopted on October 11, 1991, empowered UNSCOM to
maintain a long-term monitoring program to ensure
Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction programs are disman-
tled and not restarted;
Whereas Iraq has consistently fought to hide the full extent
of its weapons programs, and has systematically made
false declarations to the Security Council and to
UNSCOM regarding those programs, and has systemati-
cally obstructed weapons inspections for seven years;
Whereas in June 1991, Iraqi forces fired on International
Atomic Energy Agency inspectors and otherwise ob-
structed and misled UNSCOM inspectors, resulting in
UN Security Council Resolution 707 which found Iraq to
be in ‘‘material breach’’ of its obligations under United
Nations Security Council Resolution 687 for failing to
allow UNSCOM inspectors access to a site storing nu-
clear equipment;
Whereas in January and February of 1992, Iraq rejected
plans to install long-term monitoring equipment and cam-
eras called for in UN resolutions, resulting in a Security
Council Presidential Statement of February 19, 1992,
which declared that Iraq was in ‘‘continuing material
breach’’ of its obligations;
Whereas in February of 1992, Iraq continued to obstruct the
installation of monitoring equipment, and failed to com-
ply with UNSCOM orders to allow destruction of missiles
HJ 125 IH
and other prescribed weapons, resulting in the Security
Council Presidential Statement of February 28, 1992,
which reiterated that Iraq was in ‘‘continuing material
breach’’ and noted a ‘‘further material breach’’ on ac-
count of Iraq’s failure to allow destruction of ballistic
missile equipment;
Whereas on July 5, 1992, Iraq denied UNSCOM inspectors
access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture, resulting in
a Security Council Presidential Statement of July 6,
1992, which declared that Iraq was in ‘‘material and un-
acceptable breach’’ of its obligations under UN resolu-
tions;
Whereas in December of 1992 and January of 1993, Iraq
violated the southern no-fly zone, moved surface to air
missiles into the no-fly zone, raided a weapons depot in
internationally recognized Kuwaiti territory and denied
landing rights to a plane carrying UN weapons inspec-
tors, resulting in a Security Council Presidential State-
ment of January 8, 1993, which declared that Iraq was
in an ‘‘unacceptable and material breach’’ of its obliga-
tions under UN resolutions;
Whereas in response to continued Iraqi defiance, a Security
Council Presidential Statement of January 11, 1993, re-
affirmed the previous finding of material breach, followed
on January 13 and 18 by allied air raids, and on Janu-
ary 17 with an allied missile attack on Iraqi targets;
Whereas on June 10, 1993, Iraq prevented UNSCOM’s in-
stallation of cameras and monitoring equipment, result-
ing in a Security Council Presidential Statement of June
18, 1993, declaring Iraq’s refusal to comply to be a ‘‘ma-
terial and unacceptable breach’’;
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Whereas on October 6, 1994, Iraq threatened to end coopera-
tion with weapons inspectors if sanctions were not ended,
and one day later, massed 10,000 troops within 30 miles
of the Kuwaiti border, resulting in United Nations Secu-
rity Council Resolution 949 demanding Iraq’s withdrawal
from the Kuwaiti border area and renewal of compliance
with UNSCOM;
Whereas on April 10, 1995, UNSCOM reported to the Secu-
rity Council that Iraq had concealed its biological weap-
ons program, and had failed to account for 17 tons of bi-
ological weapons material resulting in the Security Coun-
cil’s renewal of sanctions against Iraq;
Whereas on July 1, 1995, Iraq admitted to a full scale bio-
logical weapons program, but denied weaponization of bi-
ological agents, and subsequently threatened to end co-
operation with UNSCOM resulting in the Security Coun-
cil’s renewal of sanctions against Iraq;
Whereas on March 8, 11, 14, and 15, 1996, Iraq again
barred UNSCOM inspectors from sites containing docu-
ments and weapons, in response to which the Security
Council issue a Presidential Statement condemning
‘‘clear violations by Iraq of previous Resolutions 687, 707
and 715’’;
Whereas from June 11–15, 1996, Iraq repeatedly barred
weapons inspectors from military sites, in response to
which the Security Council adopted United Nations Secu-
rity Council Resolution 1060, noting the ‘‘clear violation
on United Nations Security Council Resolutions 687, 707
and 715’’ and in response to Iraq’s continued violations,
issued a Presidential statement detailing Iraq’s ‘‘gross
violation of obligations’’;
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Whereas in August of 1996, Iraqi troops overran Irbil, in
Iraqi Kurdistan, employing more than 30,000 troops and
Republican Guards to suppress the Patriotic Union of
Kurdistan, in response to which the Security Council
briefly suspended implementation on United Nations Se-
curity Council Resolution 986, the UN oil for food plan;
Whereas in December of 1996, Iraq prevented UNSCOM
from removing 130 Scud missile engines from Iraq for
analysis, resulting in a Security Council presidential
statement which ‘‘deplore[d]’’ Iraq’s refusal to cooperate
with UNSCOM;
Whereas on April 9, 1997, Iraq violated the no-fly zone in
southern Iraq and United Nations Security Council Reso-
lution 670, banning international flights, resulting in a
Security Council statement regretting Iraq’s lack of ‘‘spe-
cific consultation’’ with the Council;
Whereas on June 4 and 5, 1997, Iraqi officials on board
UNSCOM aircraft interfered with the controls and in-
spections, endangering inspectors and obstructing the
UNSCOM mission, resulting in a UN Security Council
presidential statement demanding Iraq end its inter-
ference and on June 21, 1997, United Nations Security
Council Resolution 1115 threatened sanctions on Iraqi
officials responsible for these interferences;
Whereas on September 13, 1997, during an inspection mis-
sion, an Iraqi official attacked UNSCOM officials en-
gaged in photographing illegal Iraqi activities, resulting
in the October 23 1997, adoption of United Nations Se-
curity Council Resolution 1134 which threatened a travel
ban on Iraqi officials responsible for non-compliance with
UN resolutions;
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Whereas on October 29, 1997, Iraq announced that it would
no longer allow American inspectors working with
UNSCOM to conduct inspections in Iraq, blocking
UNSCOM teams containing Americans to conduct in-
spections and threatening to shoot down U.S. U–2 sur-
veillance flights in support of UNSCOM, resulting in a
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1137 on No-
vember 12, 1997, which imposed the travel ban on Iraqi
officials and threatened unspecified ‘‘further measures’’;
Whereas on November 13, 1997, Iraq expelled U.S. inspec-
tors from Iraq, leading to UNSCOM’s decision to pull
out its remaining inspectors and resulting in a United
Nations Security Council presidential statement demand-
ing Iraq revoke the expulsion;
Whereas on January 15, 1998, an UNSCOM team led by
American Scott Ritter was withdrawn from Iraq after
being barred for three days by Iraq from conducting in-
spections, resulting in the adoption on a United Nations
Security Council presidential statement deploring Iraq’s
decision to bar the team as a clear violation of all appli-
cable resolutions;
Whereas, despite clear agreement on the part of Iraqi Presi-
dent Saddam Hussein with United Nations Secretary
General Kofi Annan to grant access to all sites, and fully
cooperate with UNSCOM, and the adoption on March 2,
1998, of United Nations Security Council Resolution
1154, warning that any violation of the agreement with
Annan would have the ‘‘severest consequences’’ for Iraq,
Iraq has continued to actively conceal weapons and weap-
ons programs, provide misinformation and otherwise deny
UNSCOM inspectors access;
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Whereas on June 24, 1998, UNSCOM Director Richard But-
ler presented information to the UN Security Council in-
dicating clearly that Iraq, in direct contradiction to infor-
mation provided to UNSCOM, weaponized the nerve
agent VX;
Whereas Iraq’s continuing weapons of mass destruction pro-
grams threaten vital United States interest and inter-
national peace and security; and
Whereas the United States has existing authority to defend
United States interests in the Persian Gulf region: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That the Government of Iraq is in material and unaccept-
able breach of its international obligations, and therefore,
the President of the United States is urged to act accord-
ingly.
Æ