I 
111TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4650 
To phase out the use of private military contractors. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 23, 2010 
Ms. SCHAKOWSKY (for herself, Mr. HINCHEY, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. MCGOVERN, 
Mr. STARK, Ms. BALDWIN, Ms. MOORE of Wisconsin, Ms. LEE of Cali-
fornia, Ms. WOOLSEY, Mr. GONZALEZ, Mr. FILNER, Mr. ELLISON, Mr. 
HALL of New York, Mrs. MALONEY, Mr. POLIS of Colorado, Mr. HOLT, 
Ms. SHEA-PORTER, and Mr. GUTIERREZ) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 
to the Committees on Armed Services and Select Intelligence (Permanent 
Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic-
tion of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To phase out the use of private military contractors. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stop Outsourcing Se-
curity Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) The United States Government is increas-
ingly relying on armed private security contractors 
to perform mission-critical and emergency essential 
functions that historically have been performed by 
United States military or Government personnel. 
(2) In August 2008, the Congressional Budget 
Office estimated that there were approximately 
190,000 contractors operating in Iraq, and between 
25,000 and 30,000 of these were private security 
contractors. 
(3) As of September 2009, the Department of 
Defense had approximately 218,000 contract em-
ployees operating in Iraq and Afghanistan, as com-
pared to 195,000 members of the United States 
Armed Forces operating in these two theaters of 
war. 
(4) As of June 2009, the Department of De-
fense had deployed over 13,000 armed private secu-
rity contractors in Iraq and over 5,000 in Afghani-
stan, an increase from 10,743 and 4,111, respec-
tively, in March 2009. 
(5) As of February 28, 2009, the Department 
of State used 3,321 armed private security contrac-
tors in Iraq and 689 in Afghanistan. 
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(6) In September 2009, photos surfaced show-
ing individuals hired by ArmorGroup North Amer-
ica, which was awarded a contract by the Depart-
ment of State to provide security at the United 
States embassy in Kabul, engaging in lewd and 
drunken sexual conduct and hazing. 
(7) There is evidence that ArmorGroup North 
America, and its parent company Wackenhut Serv-
ices, had previously ignored repeated reports of mis-
conduct by its employees in Kabul. 
(8) The Department of State issued numerous 
formal notices to ArmorGroup North America re-
garding performance deficiencies, and in March 
2009 wrote to the company expressing ‘‘grave con-
cern’’ about the short-staffing of guard posts. 
(9) In May 2009, four men employed as mili-
tary trainers for Paravant LLC, a Blackwater affil-
iate, fired on a civilian vehicle in Kabul, killing one 
Afghan and wounding two others. 
(10) On September 16, 2007, individuals hired 
by the company then known as Blackwater USA 
opened fire on Baghdad’s Nisour Square, killing 17 
Iraqis and wounding at least 20 others. 
(11) A Federal judge dismissed criminal 
charges against the Blackwater contractors involved 
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in the Nisour Square shooting after finding that 
Federal prosecutors misused evidence, a decision 
that has been appealed by the Department of Jus-
tice. 
(12) On October 18, 2007, Secretary of De-
fense Robert Gates stated that the work of many 
contractors in Iraq is ‘‘at cross-purposes to our larg-
er mission in Iraq,’’ and that ‘‘right now those mis-
sions are in conflict’’. 
(13) On Christmas Eve 2006, Blackwater con-
tractor Andrew Moonen, while drunk, shot and killed 
a guard to Iraqi Vice President Adil Abd-al-Mahdi 
in the Green Zone, and though Mr. Moonen lost his 
job with Blackwater as a result of this incident, he 
was promptly hired by Combat Support Associates, 
another Department of Defense contractor, and sent 
to work in Kuwait. 
(14) In the wake of the 2004 killing of four 
Blackwater contractors in Fallujah, the families of 
the men killed filed a civil suit against the company, 
alleging that Blackwater failed to properly equip and 
man its armored vehicles. 
(15) Xe Services, LLC, the company formerly 
known as Blackwater, has also faced allegations of 
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weapons smuggling and improperly licensing fire-
arms. 
(16) In 2007, the Committee on Oversight and 
Government Reform of the House of Representatives 
investigated Blackwater’s employment practices and 
found that the company’s classification of its secu-
rity guards may have allowed the firm to avoid pay-
ing Social Security, Medicare, and Federal income 
and employment taxes. 
(17) In response to a request from the Com-
mittee on Oversight and Government Reform of the 
House of Representatives, the Inspector General of 
the Small Business Administration investigated 
Blackwater in 2008 and found that the company 
may have misrepresented its small business status, 
enabling it to qualify for $110,000,000 in govern-
ment contracts set aside specifically for small busi-
nesses. 
(18) Signed affidavits have been filed in a civil 
lawsuit against Blackwater that company founder 
Erik Prince views himself ‘‘as a Christian crusader 
tasked with eliminating Muslims and the Islamic 
faith from the globe’’, that he knowingly deployed 
‘‘demonstrably unfit men’’ to Iraq, and that he used 
illegal ammunition, including a bullet designed to ex-
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