107 
‘‘(c) AVAILABILITY.—Tribal Health Programs shall 
be given an equal opportunity to compete for, and receive, 
research funds under this section. 
‘‘(d) USE OF FUNDS.—This funding may be used for 
both clinical and nonclinical research. 
‘‘(e) EVALUATION AND DISSEMINATION.—The Sec-
retary shall periodically— 
‘‘(1) evaluate the impact of research conducted 
under this section; and 
‘‘(2) disseminate to Tribal Health Programs in-
formation regarding that research as the Secretary 
determines to be appropriate. 
‘‘SEC. 207. MAMMOGRAPHY AND OTHER CANCER SCREEN-
ING. 
‘‘The Secretary, acting through the Service or Tribal 
Health Programs, shall provide for screening as follows: 
‘‘(1) Screening mammography (as defined in 
section 1861(jj) of the Social Security Act) for In-
dian women at a frequency appropriate to such 
women under accepted and appropriate national 
standards, and under such terms and conditions as 
are consistent with standards established by the Sec-
retary to ensure the safety and accuracy of screen-
ing mammography under part B of title XVIII of 
such Act. 
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‘‘(2) Other cancer screening that receives an A 
or B rating as recommended by the United States 
Preventive Services Task Force established under 
section 915(a)(1) of the Public Health Service Act 
(42 U.S.C. 299b–4(a)(1)). The Secretary shall en-
sure that screening provided for under this para-
graph complies with the recommendations of the 
Task Force with respect to— 
‘‘(A) frequency; 
‘‘(B) the population to be served; 
‘‘(C) the procedure or technology to be 
used; 
‘‘(D) evidence of effectiveness; and 
‘‘(E) other matters that the Secretary de-
termines appropriate. 
‘‘SEC. 208. PATIENT TRAVEL COSTS. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF QUALIFIED ESCORT.—In this 
section, the term ‘qualified escort’ means— 
‘‘(1) an adult escort (including a parent, guard-
ian, or other family member) who is required be-
cause of the physical or mental condition, or age, of 
the applicable patient; 
‘‘(2) a health professional for the purpose of 
providing necessary medical care during travel by 
the applicable patient; or 
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‘‘(3) other escorts, as the Secretary or applica-
ble Indian Health Program determines to be appro-
priate. 
‘‘(b) PROVISION OF FUNDS.—The Secretary, acting 
through the Service and Tribal Health Programs, is au-
thorized to provide funds for the following patient travel 
costs, including qualified escorts, associated with receiving 
health care services provided (either through direct or con-
tract care or through a contract or compact under the In-
dian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
(25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.)) under this Act— 
‘‘(1) emergency air transportation and non- 
emergency air transportation where ground trans-
portation is infeasible; 
‘‘(2) transportation by private vehicle (where no 
other means of transportation is available), specially 
equipped vehicle, and ambulance; and 
‘‘(3) transportation by such other means as 
may be available and required when air or motor ve-
hicle transportation is not available. 
‘‘SEC. 209. EPIDEMIOLOGY CENTERS. 
‘‘(a) ADDITIONAL CENTERS.—In addition to those 
epidemiology centers already established as of the date of 
enactment of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act 
Amendments of 2007, and without reducing the funding 
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levels for such centers, not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of the Indian Health Care Improvement 
Act Amendments of 2007, the Secretary, acting through 
the Service, shall establish an epidemiology center in each 
Service Area which does not yet have one to carry out the 
functions described in subsection (b). Any new centers so 
established may be operated by Tribal Health Programs, 
but such funding shall not be divisible. 
‘‘(b) FUNCTIONS OF CENTERS.—In consultation with 
and upon the request of Indian Tribes, Tribal Organiza-
tions, and Urban Indian Organizations, each Service Area 
epidemiology center established under this subsection 
shall, with respect to such Service Area— 
‘‘(1) collect data relating to, and monitor 
progress made toward meeting, each of the health 
status objectives of the Service, the Indian Tribes, 
Tribal Organizations, and Urban Indian Organiza-
tions in the Service Area; 
‘‘(2) evaluate existing delivery systems, data 
systems, and other systems that impact the improve-
ment of Indian health; 
‘‘(3) assist Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, 
and Urban Indian Organizations in identifying their 
highest priority health status objectives and the 
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services needed to achieve such objectives, based on 
epidemiological data; 
‘‘(4) make recommendations for the targeting 
of services needed by the populations served; 
‘‘(5) make recommendations to improve health 
care delivery systems for Indians and Urban Indi-
ans; 
‘‘(6) provide requested technical assistance to 
Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, and Urban In-
dian Organizations in the development of local 
health service priorities and incidence and prevalence 
rates of disease and other illness in the community; 
and 
‘‘(7) provide disease surveillance and assist In-
dian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, and Urban Indian 
Organizations to promote public health. 
‘‘(c) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Director of the 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall provide 
technical assistance to the centers in carrying out the re-
quirements of this subsection. 
‘‘(d) GRANTS
FOR STUDIES.—The Secretary may 
make grants to Indian Tribes, Tribal Organizations, and 
Urban Indian Organizations to conduct epidemiological 
studies of Indian communities. 
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