‘‘(bb) any other fraudulent 
activity described in chapter 44 
of title 18, United States Code; 
‘‘(II) indicators that a person is 
attempting to purchase a firearm or 
ammunition illegally; 
‘‘(III) how to recognize and iden-
tify indicators that an individual in-
tends to use a firearm for unlawful 
purposes; 
‘‘(IV) how to recognize and iden-
tify indicators that an individual in-
tends to use a firearm for self-harm; 
‘‘(V) how to prevent theft or bur-
glary of firearms and ammunition; 
‘‘(VI) how to respond in the cir-
cumstances described in subclauses (I) 
through (V) and the applicable report-
ing requirements; 
‘‘(VII) how to verify the age of a 
purchaser of a firearm or ammuni-
tion; 
‘‘(VIII) with respect to a dealer 
of ammunition, how to detect whether 
a single purchaser has reached the ap-
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plicable ammunition purchase limit to 
prevent a violation of subparagraph 
(C); and 
‘‘(IX) other reasonable business 
practices that the Attorney General 
determines will deter firearm traf-
ficking or deter the provision of a fire-
arm to an individual who indicates an 
intent to use a firearm for unlawful 
purposes or for self-harm. 
‘‘(G) Not later than 30 days after the date 
on which the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Fire-
arms and Explosives releases to the dealer re-
sults of any compliance inspection conducted by 
the Bureau, the dealer must report the results 
of the inspection to any manufacturer or whole-
saler dealer from which the dealer obtains fire-
arms or ammunition. 
‘‘(H) The dealer does not maintain finan-
cial ties valued at more than $1,000,000 annu-
ally with an entity that— 
‘‘(i) during the 5-year period pre-
ceding the date of a sale or procurement 
described in paragraph (2) or (3), sepa-
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rated from the dealer through a spin-off 
transaction; and 
‘‘(ii) does not comply with the require-
ments of this paragraph. 
‘‘(5) INSPECTION
RESULTS.—With respect to 
an inspection of a dealer described in paragraph 
(4)(G), not later than 30 days after the date of the 
inspection, the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, 
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives shall send to the 
Department of Defense a copy of the report. 
‘‘(6) REGULATIONS.—The Attorney General 
may promulgate necessary regulations to implement 
the requirements of this subsection. 
‘‘(7) INTERDEPARTMENT COORDINATION.—The 
Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary 
of Defense, shall monitor compliance with paragraph 
(4) by dealers. 
‘‘(8) PENALTY.—A dealer that violates para-
graph (4) may not participate in a sale or purchase 
described in paragraph (2) or (3). 
‘‘(9) DATA
SHARING.—Notwithstanding any 
other law, the Attorney General may share crime 
gun trace data with the Department of Defense as 
necessary to carry out this section. 
‘‘(c) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
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‘‘(1) GOVERNMENT-OWNED
PLANT
REPORT.— 
Not less frequently than annually, each government- 
owned plant that produces any ammunition or fire-
arms that are commercially sold shall submit to 
Congress a report that includes, for the year covered 
by the report— 
‘‘(A) the number of customers of the plant 
for ammunition or firearms in the commercial 
marketplace, disaggregated by the State in 
which the customer is located; 
‘‘(B) the revenue of the plant from sales of 
ammunition or firearms in the commercial mar-
ketplace; 
‘‘(C) the amount of ammunition or fire-
arms sold by the plant in the commercial mar-
ketplace; 
‘‘(D) an operational plan for avoiding any 
diversion of firearms or ammunition into the il-
legal market or to customers not authorized for 
purchase under this section; and 
‘‘(E) steps taken to implement the plan de-
scribed in subparagraph (D). 
‘‘(2) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT.—Not 
less frequently than annually, the Secretary of De-
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fense shall submit to Congress a report containing 
the following: 
‘‘(A) A list of manufacturers and dealers 
from which the Secretary procures firearms 
that also sell firearms in the commercial mar-
ket. 
‘‘(B) A list of the types of firearms those 
dealers sell in the commercial market. 
‘‘(C) The amount of money the Secretary 
pays to those dealers for firearms each year. 
‘‘(d) LICENSES FOR DEALING AMMUNITION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall 
make licenses available to dealers of ammunition, 
who may apply for such licenses for the purpose of 
subsection (b)(4)(A)(ii) to be eligible to make the 
sales or purchases described in paragraph (2) or (3) 
of subsection (b). 
‘‘(2) 
REQUIREMENTS.—In 
making 
licenses 
available in accordance with paragraph (1), the At-
torney General shall apply in a substantially similar 
manner the requirements under chapter 44 of title 
18 for licenses of dealers of firearms to dealers of 
ammunition. 
‘‘(3) NICS SYSTEM.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of the Stop 
Militarizing Our Streets Act of 2024, the Attor-
ney General shall authorize a dealer of ammuni-
tion licensed in accordance with paragraph (1) 
to access and use the NICS background check 
system in accordance with laws applicable to 
the use of the NICS background check system. 
‘‘(B) AUTHORIZATION.—A dealer of am-
munition authorized under subparagraph (A) 
may use the NICS background check system for 
the purpose of subsection (b)(4)(D) to be eligi-
ble to make the sales or purchases described in 
paragraph (2) or (3) of subsection (b). 
‘‘(C) 
AMMUNITION
BACKGROUND 
CHECKS.—A dealer of ammunition licensed in 
accordance with paragraph (1) may perform a 
NICS background check on an individual pur-
chasing ammunition from the dealer. 
‘‘(e) REGULATIONS.—The Attorney General shall 
promulgate a rule with requirements for dealers to comply 
with the recordkeeping requirement described in sub-
section (b)(4)(E). 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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‘‘(1) 
AMMUNITION; 
FIREARM; 
MANUFAC-
TURER.—The terms ‘ammunition’, ‘firearm’, and 
‘manufacturer’ have the meaning given those terms 
in section 921(a) of title 18. 
‘‘(2) COVERED AMMUNITION.—The term ‘cov-
ered ammunition’— 
‘‘(A) means ammunition that is .22 caliber 
or larger; and 
‘‘(B) includes .223 Remington ammunition 
and 7.62 North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
ammunition. 
‘‘(3) DEALER.—The term ‘dealer’— 
‘‘(A) has the meaning given the term in 
section 921 of title 18; and 
‘‘(B) includes any person engaged in the 
business of selling ammunition at wholesale or 
retail, including an unlicensed private vendor of 
ammunition. 
‘‘(4) FINANCIAL
TIES.—The term ‘financial 
ties’— 
‘‘(A) has the meaning given the term by 
the Secretary of Defense in a regulation; and 
‘‘(B) includes a revenue sharing agreement 
or a transfer of assets through a purchase or 
sale transaction. 
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‘‘(5) GAS-OPERATED.—The term ‘gas-operated’, 
with respect to a firearm, means that the firearm 
harnesses or traps a portion of the high-pressure gas 
from a fired cartridge to cycle the action using— 
‘‘(A) a long stroke piston, in which gas is 
vented from the barrel to a piston that is me-
chanically fixed to the bolt group and moves to 
cycle the action; 
‘‘(B) a short stroke piston, in which gas is 
vented from the barrel to a piston that moves 
separately from the bolt group so that the en-
ergy is imparted through a gas piston to cycle 
the action; 
‘‘(C) a system that traps and vents gas 
from the barrel or the chamber to directly 
strike or impinge the bolt, bolt carrier, or slide 
assembly to unlock and cycle the action; 
‘‘(D) a hybrid system that combines ele-
ments of a system described in subparagraph 
(C) with a system described in subparagraph 
(A) or (B) to capture gas vented from the bar-
rel to cycle the action; or 
‘‘(E) a blowback-operated system that di-
rectly uses the expanding gases of the ignited 
propellant powder acting on the cartridge case 
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to drive the breechblock or breech bolt rear-
ward. 
‘‘(6) GOVERNMENT-OWNED PLANT.—The term 
‘government-owned plant’ means a facility owned by 
the Federal Government that produces firearms or 
ammunition. 
‘‘(7) GUN SHOW.—The term ‘gun show’ means 
a gun show or an event described in section 
478.100(b) of title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, 
or any successor regulation. 
‘‘(8) LARGE-CAPACITY
AMMUNITION
FEEDING 
DEVICE.—The 
term 
‘large-capacity 
ammunition 
feeding device’— 
‘‘(A) means a magazine, belt, drum, feed 
strip, or similar device, including any such de-
vice joined or coupled with another in any man-
ner, that has an overall capacity of, or that can 
be readily restored, changed, or converted to ac-
cept, more than 10 rounds of ammunition; and 
‘‘(B) does not include an attached tubular 
device designed to accept, and capable of oper-
ating only with, .22 caliber rimfire ammunition. 
‘‘(9) MILITARY-GRADE ASSAULT WEAPON.—The 
term ‘military-grade assault weapon’ means a fire-
arm that— 
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‘‘(A) is semi-automatic; 
‘‘(B) is— 
‘‘(i) gas-operated or has been modified 
to operate as a gas-operated firearm; 
‘‘(ii) recoil-operated or has been modi-
fied to operate as a recoil-operated firearm, 
unless the firearm is a handgun or pistol; 
or 
‘‘(iii) designed and functions, or can 
be readily modified, to materially increase 
the rate of fire of the firearm; and 
‘‘(C) has— 
‘‘(i) a fixed ammunition feeding device 
with the capacity to accept more than 10 
rounds of ammunition; or 
‘‘(ii) the capacity to accept a large-ca-
pacity ammunition feeding device. 
‘‘(10) NICS BACKGROUND CHECK.—The term 
‘NICS background check’ means a background check 
through the national instant criminal background 
check system established under section 103 of the 
Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (34 U.S.C. 
40901). 
‘‘(11) RECOIL-OPERATED.—The term ‘recoil-op-
erated’ with respect to a firearm, means that the 
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firearm uses the recoil force to unlock the breech 
bolt and complete the cycle of extracting, ejecting, 
and reloading. 
‘‘(12) SEMI-AUTOMATIC.—The term ‘semi-auto-
matic’, with respect to a firearm, means any repeat-
ing firearm, other than a machine gun, that— 
‘‘(A) uses a portion of the energy of a fir-
ing cartridge or shell to extract the fired car-
tridge case or fired shell casing and chamber 
the next round; and 
‘‘(B) requires a separate pull, release, 
push, or other method of initiation of the trig-
ger to fire each cartridge or shell. 
‘‘(13) 
SPIN-OFF
TRANSACTION.—The 
term 
‘spin-off transaction’ means a transaction that sepa-
rates a division or line of business from a parent 
company of an entity. 
‘‘(14) STRAW
PURCHASE.—The term ‘straw 
purchase’— 
‘‘(A) with respect to a firearm, means a 
purchase described in section 932(b) of title 18; 
and 
‘‘(B) with respect to ammunition, means a 
purchase described in 932(b) of title 18, except 
that, for the purpose of this subparagraph, any 
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reference in that section to ‘firearm’ shall be 
deemed to be a reference to ‘ammunition’. 
‘‘(15) TIME-TO-CRIME.—The term ‘time-to- 
crime’ means the period of time between the retail 
sale of a firearm and the recovery of the firearm by 
a law enforcement agency as a result of the use or 
suspected use of the firearm in a crime.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions at the beginning of such chapter is amended 
by inserting after the item relating to section 7544 
the following new item: 
‘‘7545. Restriction on sales and procurement of certain weapons and ammuni-
tion.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES WITH NON-ARMY 
ENTITIES.—Section 7544(c) of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) The non-Army entity abides by the com-
mercial sale restrictions set forth in section 7545 of 
this title.’’. 
(2) POLICY.—Section 7552 of such title is 
amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘It’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to the restric-
tions set forth under section 7545 of this title, it’’. 
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