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2007
VARIOUS BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
MARKUP
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
ON
H.R. 982, H.R. 1469, H.R. 1405, H.R. 1441,
H.R. 1678, H. Con. Res. 100, H. Res. 100,
H. Res. 125, H. Res. 158, H. Res. 196,
H. Res. 240, H. Res. 267 and H.R. 1681
MARCH 27, 2007
Serial No. 110–40
Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs
(
Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.foreignaffairs.house.gov/
(II)
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 
TOM LANTOS, California, Chairman 
HOWARD L. BERMAN, California 
GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York 
ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 
Samoa 
DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey 
BRAD SHERMAN, California 
ROBERT WEXLER, Florida 
ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York 
BILL DELAHUNT, Massachusetts 
GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York 
DIANE E. WATSON, California 
ADAM SMITH, Washington 
RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri 
JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee 
LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California 
SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas 
RUBE´ N HINOJOSA, Texas 
DAVID WU, Oregon 
BRAD MILLER, North Carolina 
LINDA T. SA´ NCHEZ, California 
DAVID SCOTT, Georgia 
JIM COSTA, California 
ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey 
GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona 
RON KLEIN, Florida 
VACANT 
VACANT 
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida 
CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey 
DAN BURTON, Indiana 
ELTON GALLEGLY, California 
DANA ROHRABACHER, California 
DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois 
EDWARD R. ROYCE, California 
STEVE CHABOT, Ohio 
THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado 
RON PAUL, Texas 
JEFF FLAKE, Arizona 
JO ANN DAVIS, Virginia 
MIKE PENCE, Indiana 
THADDEUS G. MCCOTTER, Michigan 
JOE WILSON, South Carolina 
JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas 
J. GRESHAM BARRETT, South Carolina 
CONNIE MACK, Florida 
JEFF FORTENBERRY, Nebraska 
MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas 
TED POE, Texas 
BOB INGLIS, South Carolina 
LUIS G. FORTUN˜ O, Puerto Rico 
ROBERT R. KING, Staff Director 
YLEEM POBLETE, Republican Staff Director 
DAVID S. ABRAMOWITZ, Chief Counsel 
LAURA RUSH, Professional Staff Member/Security Officer 
GENELL BROWN, Staff Associate
(III)
C O N T E N T S 
Page
MARKUP OF 
H.R. 982, To promote democratic values and enhance democracy, and for 
other purposes ......................................................................................................
H.R. 1469, To establish the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation 
under the authorities of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange 
Act of 1961 ............................................................................................................
H.R. 1405, To establish a wildlife global animal information network for 
surveillance internationally to combat the growing threat of emerging dis-
eases that involve wild animals, such as bird flu, and for other purposes .....
Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 1405 offered by the 
Honorable Tom Lantos, a Representative in Congress from the State 
of California, and Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs .......................
H.R. 1441, To prohibit the sale by the Department of Defense of parts for 
F–14 fighter aircraft ............................................................................................
113
H.R. 1678, To amend the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 to authorize 
appropriations to provide assistance for domestic and foreign programs 
and centers for the treatment of victims of torture, and for other purposes ..
117
H. Con. Res. 100, Condemning the recent violent actions of the Government 
of Zimbabwe against peaceful opposition party activists and members of 
civil society ...........................................................................................................
120
H. Res. 100, Expressing the sympathy of the House of Representatives to 
the families of women and girls murdered in Guatemala and encouraging 
the Government of Guatemala to bring an end to these crimes ......................
127
H. Res. 125, Expressing deep concern over the use of civilians as ‘‘human 
shields’’ in violation of international humanitarian law and the law of 
war during armed conflict, including Hezbollah’s tactic of embedding its 
forces among civilians to use them as human shields during the summer 
of 2006 conflict between Hezbollah and the State of Israel .............................
134
Amendment to H. Res. 125 offered by the Honorable Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, 
a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida ...............................
138
H. Res. 158, Observing the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the British 
slave trade and encouraging the people of the United States, particularly 
the youth of the United States, to remember the life and legacy of William 
Wilberforce, a member of the British House of Commons who devoted 
his life to the suppression and abolition of the institution of slavery, and 
to work for the protection of human rights throughout the world ...................
141
Amendment to H. Res. 158 offered by the Honorable Tom Lantos .................
145
H. Res. 196, Supporting the goals and ideals of World Water Day .....................
146
H. Res. 240, Urging all member countries of the International Commission 
of the International Tracing Service (ITS) who have yet to ratify the May 
2006 Amendments to the 1955 Bonn Accords Treaty, to expedite the ratifi-
cation process to allow for open access to the Holocaust archives located 
at Bad Arolsen, Germany ....................................................................................
149
H. Res. 267, Calling for the immediate and unconditional release of British 
marines and sailors held captive by Iran, and for other purposes ..................
154
H.R. 1681, To amend the Congressional Charter of The American National 
Red Cross to modernize its governance structure, to enhance the ability 
of the board of governors of The American National Red Cross to support 
the critical mission of The American National Red Cross in the 21st cen-
tury, and for other purposes. ...............................................................................
157
First amendment to H.R. 1681 offered by the Honorable Sheila Jackson 
Lee, a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas .........................
179
Page
IV
Second amendment to H.R. 1681 offered by the Honorable Sheila Jackson 
Lee .....................................................................................................................
180
APPENDIX 
The Honorable Eliot L. Engel, a Representative in Congress from the State 
of New York, and Chairman, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere: 
Prepared statement ..............................................................................................
183
(1)
VARIOUS BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 
TUESDAY, MARCH 27, 2007
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 
Washington, DC. 
The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:40 a.m. in room 
2172, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Tom Lantos (chairman 
of the committee) presiding. 
Chairman LANTOS. The meeting of the committee will come to 
order. Pursuant to committee rule 15, I am pleased to announce 
the designation of the following members to be vice chairs of the 
subcommittees of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
For the Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health, Diane Wat-
son; for the Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and the Global En-
vironment, Gregory Meeks; for the Subcommittee on Europe, Brad 
Miller; for the Subcommittee on International Organizations, 
Human Rights, and Oversight, Ross Cannahan; for the Sub-
committee on the Middle East and South Asia, Ron Klein; for the 
Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade, David 
Scott; for the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere, Alveo 
Sires. 
I want to congratulate all of the subcommittee chairs, and I want 
to express my great confidence in their ability to do an outstanding 
job for the benefit of the Congress and the American people. 
Pursuant to notice, I call up the bill, H.R. 982, the ADVANCE 
Democracy Act of 2007, for purposes of markup and move its favor-
able recommendation to the House. Without objection, the bill will 
be considered as read and open for amendment at any point. I yield 
myself 5 minutes to explain this legislation. 
[H.R. 982 follows:]
mental 
organizations, 
individuals, 
and
movements that are committed to the
peaceful promotion of democracy, demo-
cratic principles, practices, and values, and
fundamental rights and freedoms, includ-
ing fostering relationships with the United
States Government and the governments of
other democratic countries; and
(ii) assist officers and employees of
regional bureaus to develop strategies and
programs to promote peaceful change in
such countries.
(D) LIAISON.—Within each such office,
there shall be at least one officer or employee
who shall have expertise in and be responsible
for working with individuals, nongovernmental
organizations and movements that develop rela-
tions with, consult with, and provide assistance
to nongovernmental organizations, individuals,
and movements that are committed to the
peaceful promotion of democracy, democratic
principles, practices, and values, and funda-
mental rights and freedoms.
(2) DEMOCRACY LIAISON OFFICERS.—
(A) 
ESTABLISHMENT.—The 
Secretary
shall establish and staff Democracy Liaison Of-
ficer positions, under the supervision of the As-
sistant Secretary, who may be assigned to the
following posts:
(i) United States missions to or liai-
sons with regional and multilateral organi-
zations, including the United States mis-
sions to the European Union, African
Union, Organization of American States,
and any other appropriate regional organi-
zation, and the Organization for Security
and Cooperation in Europe, the United
Nations and its relevant specialized agen-
cies, and the North Atlantic Treaty Orga-
nization.
(ii) Department of State regional pub-
lic diplomacy centers.
(iii) United States combatant com-
mands.
(iv) Other posts as designated by the
Secretary.
(B) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Each Democracy
Liaison Officer shall—
(i) provide expertise on effective ap-
proaches to promote and build democracy;
(ii) assist in conceiving and imple-
menting strategies for transitions to de-
mocracy; and
(iii) carry out such other responsibil-
ities as the Secretary and the Assistant
Secretary may assign.
(C) NEW POSITIONS.—The Democracy Li-
aison Officer positions established under sub-
paragraph (A) shall be new positions, in addi-
tion to existing officer positions in the Depart-
ment with responsibility for other human rights
and democracy-related issues and programs, in-
cluding officers responsible for labor issues.
(D) RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER AUTHORI-
TIES.—Nothing in this section may be con-
strued as derogating any authority or responsi-
bility of a chief of mission or other employee of
a diplomatic mission of the United States pro-
vided under any other provision of law, includ-
ing any authority or responsibility for the devel-
opment or implementation of strategies to pro-
mote democracy.
(E) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary such sums as may be
necessary to carry out the responsibilities de-
scribed in subparagraph (B), including hiring
additional staff to carry out such responsibil-
ities.
(3) MONITORING AND DOCUMENTATION.—The
Secretary should coordinate with the Secretary of
the Treasury, the Attorney General, the Directory of
National Intelligence, other appropriate intelligence
agencies, and, as appropriate, with foreign govern-
ments to—
(A) monitor and document financial assets
inside and outside the United States held by
leaders of nondemocratic countries;
(B) identify close foreign associates of such
leaders; and
(C) monitor and document financial assets
inside and outside the United States held by
such close associates.
(4) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING COORDI-
NATION.—It is the sense of Congress that there
should be three Deputy Assistant Secretaries of
State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor and
at least one such deputy assistant secretary should
be responsible for coordinating the promotion of de-
mocracy in nondemocratic countries and democratic
transition countries.
(5) RECRUITMENT.—The Secretary shall seek
to ensure that, not later than December 31, 2012,
not less than 50 percent of the nonadministrative
employees serving in the Bureau of Democracy,
Human Rights, and Labor are members of the For-
eign Service.
(c) AMENDMENTS TO THE FREEDOM INVESTMENT
ACT OF 2002.—The Freedom Investment Act of 2002
(subtitle E of title VI of Public Law 107–228) is
amended—
(1) in section 663(a), (relating to human rights
activities at the Department of State)—
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and’’ at
the end;
(B) in paragraph (2)—
(i) by striking ‘‘monitoring human
rights developments’’ and all that follows
through ‘‘recommendation’’ and inserting
the following: ‘‘monitoring and promoting
democracy and human rights in a foreign
country should be made after consultation
with and upon the recommendation’’; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end
and inserting ‘‘; and’’;
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
‘‘(3) the level of seniority of any such political
officer should be in direct relationship to the severity
of the problems associated with the establishment of
full democracy and respect for human rights in such
country.’’; and
(2) in section 665(c) (relating to reports on ac-
tions taken by the United States to encourage re-
spect for human rights), by striking the second sen-
tence.
SEC. 102. REPORTS.
(a) ANNUAL STRATEGY REPORT.—Section 116 of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n) is
amended—
(1) in subsection (d)—
(A) by striking paragraph (10) and redes-
ignating paragraph (11) as paragraph (10);
(B) by striking the period at the end of
paragraph (10) (as so redesignated) and insert-
ing ‘‘; and’’; and
Chairman LANTOS. H.R. 982 continues bipartisan reform efforts 
begun in the last Congress to ensure that U.S. programs to protect 
human rights and promote democracy have a strategic framework. 
These efforts directly involve our best diplomats and are done in 
coordination with democracy advocates and like-minded countries. 
I am very pleased to have worked closely with my good friend 
and colleague, the distinguished ranking member of this com-
mittee, Ms. Ros-Lehtinen, on this legislation. Our legislation re-
quires the development of long-term country strategies designed in 
consultation with local democracy and human rights groups to en-
sure that they focus on the growth of democratic institutions and 
not just elections. It also provides for enhanced training, personnel 
incentives for our diplomats, and a boosted effort to work with 
other countries in protecting human rights and promoting democ-
racy. 
It requires that our ambassadors go out into the field and talk 
directly to people in foreign countries about human rights and de-
mocracy. If I may just add a footnote, during the crucial years sur-
rounding the collapse of the Soviet Empire, we happened to have 
had, in my native country of Hungary, an extraordinary American 
diplomat, Ambassador Mark Palmer, who not only mastered the in-
credibly complex language of the country, but traveled to every 
town and village across that country, and the degree of popularity 
that he personally attained, and the degree of goodwill that the 
United States had, partly as a result of his activities, were extraor-
dinary. 
Now, we cannot anticipate that every ambassador in every coun-
try will be able to duplicate Ambassador Mark Palmer’s extraor-
dinary achievements, but he serves as a model of what a U.S. Am-
bassador who gets out of the Embassy, speaks the language, under-
stands the culture, and mixes with the people can do, both for the 
promotion of democracy and human rights and for good relations 
between the United States and the country where he serves. 
I strongly urge all of my colleagues to support this legislation, 
and now I am pleased to hear from my friend, the ranking member 
and the Republican co-sponsor of this legislation, Ms. Ros-
Lehtinen. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. During 
the last Congress, I was proud to co-sponsor H.R. 1133, the original 
ADVANCE Democracy Act, introduced by Congressman Frank 
Wolf, which later passed the House, in modified form, as part of 
H.R. 2601, the State Department Authorization Bill. 
I want to thank Chairman Lantos and his staff for their critical 
role in drafting that original bill and their work to update, modify, 
and introduce it as H.R. 982, which I am pleased to co-sponsor, as 
the chairman pointed out. 
The bill seeks to prioritize democracy promotion and the work 
and strategic planning of the Department of State and in the train-
ing, assignment, and promotion of Foreign Service officers. It seeks 
to enhance U.S. cooperation with other democratic countries, such 
as the Community of Democracies. 
It continues U.S. support for the Democracy Caucus and the De-
mocracy Fund at the United Nations, and it enhances U.S. funding
for democracy promotion through the Human Rights and Democ-
racy Fund. 
I thank the chairman for accepting my suggestion that authoriza-
tion for the fund, while robust, should be kept within the House-
passed levels contained in H.R. 2601. Although the ADVANCE De-
mocracy Act did not become law last Congress, it did get the atten-
tion of the State Department, which worked to internalize some of 
the priorities outlined in this bill. But even in those areas, this bill 
remains necessary to consolidate those gains and law so that they 
can outlast the current administration. 
Advancing the cause of democracy is one of our greatest opportu-
nities and obligations as Americans. For that reason, Mr. Chair-
man, the ADVANCE Democracy Act deserves our unanimous sup-
port. I thank the chairman for the time. 
Chairman LANTOS. I thank my friend from Florida, and before 
moving on, I want to publicly express my deep appreciation to the 
chief counsel of the committee, David Abramowitz, for his extraor-
dinary work on this legislation and, indeed, every piece of legisla-
tion that will come before us today. 
Are there any amendments? 
[No response.] 
Chairman LANTOS. If there are no amendments, a question oc-
curs on the motion to report the bill favorably. All in favor, say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.] 
Chairman LANTOS. All opposed, say no. 
[Pause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The ayes have it, and the motion to report fa-
vorably is adopted. 
Pursuant to notice, I call up the bill, H.R. 1469, the Senator Paul 
Simon Study Abroad Foundation Act of 2007, for purposes of mark-
up and move its favorable recommendation to the House. Without 
objection, the bill will be considered as read and open for amend-
ment at any point. I yield myself 5 minutes to explain this legisla-
tion. 
[H.R. 1469 follows:]
I
110TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 1469
To establish the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation under the
authorities of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 12, 2007
Mr. LANTOS (for himself and Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN) introduced the following
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
A BILL
To establish the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Founda-
tion under the authorities of the Mutual Educational
and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Senator Paul Simon
Study Abroad Foundation Act of 2007’’.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) According to President George W. Bush,
‘‘America’s leadership and national security rest on
our commitment to educate and prepare our youth
for active engagement in the international commu-
nity.’’.
(2) According to former President William J.
Clinton, ‘‘Today, the defense of United States inter-
ests, the effective management of global issues, and
even an understanding of our Nation’s diversity re-
quire ever-greater contact with, and understanding
of, people and cultures beyond our borders.’’.
(3) Congress authorized the establishment of
the Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study
Abroad Fellowship Program pursuant to section 104
of the Miscellaneous Appropriations and Offsets Act,
2004 (division H of Public Law 108–199). Pursuant
to its mandate, the Lincoln Commission has sub-
mitted to Congress and the President a report of its
recommendations for greatly expanding the oppor-
tunity for students at institutions of higher edu-
cation in the United States to study abroad, with
special emphasis on studying in developing nations.
(4) According to the Lincoln Commission,
‘‘[s]tudy abroad is one of the major means of pro-
ducing foreign language speakers and enhancing for-
eign language learning’’ and, for that reason, ‘‘is
simply essential to the [N]ation’s security’’.
(5) Studies consistently show that United
States students score below their counterparts in
other advanced countries on indicators of inter-
national knowledge. This lack of global literacy is a
national liability in an age of global trade and busi-
ness, global interdependence, and global terror.
(6) Americans believe that it is important for
their children to learn other languages, study
abroad, attend a college where they can interact with
international students, learn about other countries
and cultures, and generally be prepared for the glob-
al age.
(7) In today’s world, it is more important than
ever for the United States to be a responsible, con-
structive leader that other countries are willing to
follow. Such leadership cannot be sustained without
an informed citizenry with significant knowledge and
awareness of the world.
(8) Study abroad has proven to be a very effec-
tive means of imparting international and foreign-
language competency to students.
(9) In any given year, only approximately one
percent of all students enrolled in United States in-
stitutions of higher education study abroad.
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and
the Committee on Appropriations of the House
of Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations
and the Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate.
(2) BOARD.—The term ‘‘Board’’ means the
Board of Directors of the Foundation established
pursuant to section 5(d).
(3) CHIEF
EXECUTIVE
OFFICER.—The term
‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ means the chief executive
officer of the Foundation appointed pursuant to sec-
tion 5(c).
(4) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’
means the Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foun-
dation established by section 5(a).
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the
meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
(6) NONTRADITIONAL STUDY ABROAD DESTINA-
TION.—The term ‘‘nontraditional study abroad des-
tination’’ means a location that is determined by the
Foundation to be a less common destination for
United States students who study abroad.
(7) STUDY ABROAD.—The term ‘‘study abroad’’
means an educational program of study, work, re-
search, internship, or combination thereof that is
conducted outside the United States and that carries
academic credit toward fulfilling the participating
student’s degree requirements.
(8) 
UNITED
STATES.—The 
term 
‘‘United
States’’ means any of the several States, the District
of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Is-
lands, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa,
and any other territory or possession of the United
States.
(9) UNITED
STATES
STUDENT.—The term
‘‘United States student’’ means a national of the
United States who is enrolled at an institution of
higher education located within the United States.
SEC. 5. ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SEN-
ATOR PAUL SIMON STUDY ABROAD FOUNDA-
TION.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the
executive branch a corporation to be known as the
‘‘Senator Paul Simon Study Abroad Foundation’’
that shall be responsible for carrying out this Act
under the authorities of the Mutual Educational and
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et
seq.). The Foundation shall be a government cor-
poration, as defined in section 103 of title 5, United
States Code.
(2) BOARD
OF
DIRECTORS.—The Foundation
shall be governed by a Board of Directors chaired by
the Secretary of State (or the Secretary’s designee)
in accordance with subsection (d).
(3) INTENT OF CONGRESS.—It is the intent of
Congress in establishing the structure of the Foun-
dation set forth in this subsection to create an entity
that will administer a study abroad program that—
(A) serves the long-term foreign policy and
national security needs of the United States;
but
(B) operates independently of short-term
political and foreign policy considerations.
(b) MANDATE OF FOUNDATION.—In administering
the program referred to in subsection (a)(3), the Founda-
tion shall—
(1) promote the objectives and purposes of this
Act;
(2) through responsive, flexible grant-making,
promote access to study abroad opportunities by
United States students at diverse institutions of
higher education, including two-year institutions, mi-
nority-serving institutions, and institutions that
serve nontraditional students;
(3) through creative grant-making, promote ac-
cess to study abroad opportunities by diverse United
States students, including minority students, stu-
dents of limited financial means, and nontraditional
students;
(4) raise funds from the private sector to sup-
plement funds made available under this Act; and
(5) be committed to minimizing administrative
costs and to maximizing the availability of funds for
grants under this Act.
(c) CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—There shall be in the Foun-
dation a Chief Executive Officer who shall be re-
sponsible for the management of the Foundation.
(2) APPOINTMENT.—The Chief Executive Offi-
cer shall be appointed by the Board and shall be a
recognized leader in higher education, business, or
foreign policy, chosen on the basis of a rigorous
search.
(3) RELATIONSHIP TO BOARD.—The Chief Ex-
ecutive Officer shall report to and be under the di-
rect authority of the Board.
(4) COMPENSATION AND RANK.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Chief Executive
Officer shall be compensated at the rate pro-
vided for level III of the Executive Schedule
under section 5314 of title 5, United States
Code.
(B) AMENDMENT.—Section 5314 of title
5, United States Code, is amended by adding at
the end the following:
‘‘Chief Executive Officer, Senator Paul Simon
Study Abroad Foundation.’’.
(5) AUTHORITIES AND DUTIES.—The Chief Ex-
ecutive Officer shall be responsible for the manage-
ment of the Foundation and shall exercise the pow-
ers and discharge the duties of the Foundation.
(6) AUTHORITY
TO
APPOINT
OFFICERS.—In
consultation and with approval of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer shall appoint all officers of
the Foundation.
(d) BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be in the
Foundation a Board of Directors.
(2) DUTIES.—The Board shall perform the
functions specified to be carried out by the Board in
this Act and may prescribe, amend, and repeal by-
laws, rules, regulations, and procedures governing
the manner in which the business of the Foundation
may be conducted and in which the powers granted
to it by law may be exercised.
(3) MEMBERSHIP.—The Board shall consist
of—
(A) the Secretary of State (or the Sec-
retary’s designee), the Secretary of Education
(or the Secretary’s designee), the Secretary of
Defense (or the Secretary’s designee), and the
Administrator of the United States Agency for
International Development (or the Administra-
tor’s designee); and
(B) five other individuals with relevant ex-
perience in matters relating to study abroad
(such as individuals who represent institutions
of higher education, business organizations, for-
eign policy organizations, or other relevant or-
ganizations) who shall be appointed by the
President, by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate, of which—
(i) one individual shall be appointed
from among a list of individuals submitted
by the majority leader of the House of
Representatives;
(ii) one individual shall be appointed
from among a list of individuals submitted
by the minority leader of the House of
Representatives;
(iii) one individual shall be appointed
from among a list of individuals submitted
by the majority leader of the Senate; and
(iv) one individual shall be appointed
from among a list of individuals submitted
by the minority leader of the Senate.
(4) CHIEF
EXECUTIVE
OFFICER.—The Chief
Executive Officer of the Foundation shall serve as a
nonvoting, ex officio member of the Board.
(5) TERMS.—
(A) OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERN-
MENT.—Each member of the Board described
in paragraph (3)(A) shall serve for a term that
is concurrent with the term of service of the in-
dividual’s position as an officer within the other
Federal department or agency.
(B) OTHER MEMBERS.—Each member of
the Board described in paragraph (3)(B) shall
be appointed for a term of 3 years and may be
reappointed for a term of an additional 3 years.
(C) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the Board
shall be filled in the manner in which the origi-
nal appointment was made.
(6) CHAIRPERSON.—There shall be a Chair-
person of the Board. The Secretary of State (or the
Secretary’s designee) shall serve as the Chairperson.
(7) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of
the Board described in paragraph (3) shall con-
stitute a quorum, which, except with respect to a
meeting of the Board during the 135-day period be-
ginning on the date of the enactment of this Act,
shall include at least one member of the Board de-
scribed in paragraph (3)(B).
(8) MEETINGS.—The Board shall meet at the
call of the Chairperson.
(9) COMPENSATION.—
(A) OFFICERS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERN-
MENT.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—A member of the
Board described in paragraph (3)(A) may
not receive additional pay, allowances, or
benefits by reason of the member’s service
on the Board.
(ii) TRAVEL
EXPENSES.—Each such
member of the Board shall receive travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub-
sistence, in accordance with applicable pro-
visions under subchapter I of chapter 57 of
title 5, United States Code.
(B) OTHER MEMBERS.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided
in clause (ii), a member of the Board de-
scribed in paragraph (3)(B)—
(I) shall be paid compensation
out of funds made available for the
purposes of this Act at the daily
equivalent of the highest rate payable
under section 5332 of title 5, United
States Code, for each day (including
travel time) during which the member
is engaged in the actual performance
of duties as a member of the Board;
and
(II) while away from the mem-
ber’s home or regular place of busi-
ness on necessary travel in the actual
performance of duties as a member of
the Board, shall be paid per diem,
travel, and transportation expenses in
the same manner as is provided under
subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5,
United States Code.
(ii) LIMITATION.—A member of the
Board may not be paid compensation
under clause (i)(II) for more than 90 days
in any calendar year.
SEC. 6. ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PROGRAM.—There is
hereby established a program, which shall—
(1) be administered by the Foundation; and
(2) award grants to—
(A) United States students for study
abroad;
(B) nongovernmental institutions that pro-
vide and promote study abroad opportunities
for United States students, in consortium with
institutions described in subparagraph (C); and
(C) institutions of higher education, indi-
vidually or in consortium,
in order to accomplish the objectives set forth in
subsection (b).
(b) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the program es-
tablished under subsection (a) are that, within 10 years
of the date of the enactment of this Act—
(1) not less than one million undergraduate
United States students will study abroad annually
for credit;
(2) the demographics of study-abroad participa-
tion will reflect the demographics of the United
States undergraduate population, including students
enrolled in community colleges, minority-serving in-
stitutions, and institutions serving large numbers of
low-income and first-generation students; and
(3) an increasing portion of study abroad will
take place in nontraditional study abroad destina-
tions, with a substantial portion of such increases
taking place in developing countries.
(c) MANDATE OF THE PROGRAM.—In order to ac-
complish the objectives set forth in subsection (b), the
Foundation shall, in administering the program estab-
lished under subsection (a), take fully into account the rec-
ommendations of the Commission on the Abraham Lincoln
Study Abroad Fellowship Program (established pursuant
to section 104 of the Miscellaneous Appropriations and
Offsets Act, 2004 (division H of Public Law 108–199)).
(d) STRUCTURE OF GRANTS.—In accordance with
the recommendations of the Commission on the Abraham
Lincoln Study Abroad Fellowship Program, grants award-
ed under the program established under subsection (a)
shall be structured to the maximum extent practicable to
promote appropriate reforms in institutions of higher edu-
cation in order to remove barriers to participation by stu-
dents in study abroad.
(e) BALANCE
OF LONG-TERM
AND SHORT-TERM
STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS.—In administering the pro-
gram established under subsection (a), the Foundation
shall seek an appropriate balance between—
(1) longer-term study abroad programs, which
maximize foreign-language learning and intercultural
understanding; and
(2) shorter-term study abroad programs, which
maximize the accessibility of study abroad to non-
traditional students.
SEC. 7. ANNUAL REPORT.
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than March 31,
2008, and each March 31 thereafter, the Foundation shall
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port on the implementation of this Act during the prior
fiscal year.
inspections of all aspects of the operations and ac-
tivities of the Foundation.
(2) AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD.—In carrying
out the responsibilities under this subsection, the In-
spector General shall report to and be under the
general supervision of the Board.
(3) REIMBURSEMENT AND AUTHORIZATION OF
SERVICES.—
(A) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Foundation
shall reimburse the Department of State for all
expenses incurred by the Inspector General in
connection with the Inspector General’s respon-
sibilities under this subsection.
(B) AUTHORIZATION
FOR
SERVICES.—Of
the amount authorized to be appropriated
under section 10(a) for a fiscal year, up to
$2,000,000 is authorized to be made available
to the Inspector General of the Department of
State to conduct reviews, investigations, and in-
spections of operations and activities of the
Foundation.
SEC. 9. GENERAL PERSONNEL AUTHORITIES.
(a) DETAIL OF PERSONNEL.—Upon request of the
Chief Executive Officer, the head of an agency may detail
any employee of such agency to the Foundation on a reim-
bursable basis. Any employee so detailed remains, for the
purpose of preserving such employee’s allowances, privi-
leges, rights, seniority, and other benefits, an employee of
the agency from which detailed.
(b) REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—An employee of an agency
who is serving under a career or career conditional
appointment (or the equivalent), and who, with the
consent of the head of such agency, transfers to the
Foundation, is entitled to be reemployed in such em-
ployee’s former position or a position of like senior-
ity, status, and pay in such agency, if such
employee—
(A) is separated from the Foundation for
any reason, other than misconduct, neglect of
duty, or malfeasance; and
(B) applies for reemployment not later
than 90 days after the date of separation from
the Foundation.
(2) SPECIFIC RIGHTS.—An employee who satis-
fies paragraph (1) is entitled to be reemployed (in
accordance with such paragraph) within 30 days
after applying for reemployment and, on reemploy-
ment, is entitled to at least the rate of basic pay to
which such employee would have been entitled had
such employee never transferred.
(c) HIRING AUTHORITY.—Of persons employed by
the Foundation, not to exceed 30 persons may be ap-
pointed, compensated, or removed without regard to the
civil service laws and regulations.
(d) BASIC PAY.—The Chief Executive Officer may fix
the rate of basic pay of employees of the Foundation with-
out regard to the provisions of chapter 51 of title 5,
United States Code (relating to the classification of posi-
tions), subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title (relating
to General Schedule pay rates), except that no employee
of the Foundation may receive a rate of basic pay that
exceeds the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule
under section 5315 of such title.
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section—
(1) the term ‘‘agency’’ means an executive
agency, as defined by section 105 of title 5, United
States Code; and
(2) the term ‘‘detail’’ means the assignment or
loan of an employee, without a change of position,
from the agency by which such employee is employed
to the Foundation.
SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act
$80,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and each subsequent fis-
cal year.
(b) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Foundation may allo-
cate or transfer to any agency of the United States
Government any of the funds available for carrying
out this Act. Such funds shall be available for obli-
gation and expenditure for the purposes for which
the funds were authorized, in accordance with au-
thority granted in this Act or under authority gov-
erning the activities of the United States Govern-
ment agency to which such funds are allocated or
transferred.
(2) NOTIFICATION.—The Foundation shall no-
tify the appropriate congressional committees not
less than 15 days prior to an allocation or transfer
of funds pursuant to paragraph (1).
Æ
Chairman LANTOS. Today, the United States faces a deficit of 
cultural and linguistic knowledge that is a severe handicap in our 
effort to fight extremism around the globe and to keep America 
competitive in an increasingly global economy. Currently, hard as 
this may be to believe, only 1 percent of all U.S. college students 
study abroad. These privileged few also are largely limited in their 
study to a few select countries. 
As a result, our foreign affairs agencies are hard pressed to find 
recruits who have firsthand understanding of critical cultures and 
languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, Pashtu, and Dari. H.R. 1469, 
the Senator Paul Simon Act, will seek to rectify this by vastly ex-
panding the talent pool of young Americans with global skills. Hav-
ing spent many years, in an earlier career, establishing California’s 
Study Abroad program, I can personally attest to the trans-
formative power of overseas educational experiences on college stu-
dents. 
Inspired by the recommendation of the congressionally chartered 
Lincoln Commission, H.R. 1469 will create a new, innovative, mis-
sion-driven, government corporation charged with democratizing 
study abroad the way the G.I. Bill democratized higher education. 
Our act will create opportunities for students from diverse aca-
demic, socio-economic, and ethnic backgrounds and will signifi-
cantly expand participation in Study Abroad programs in nontradi-
tional destinations, particularly in the developing worlds. Our leg-
islation has wide support among interest groups, and I strongly 
urge all of my colleagues to support it. 
I am pleased to yield to the ranking member, the lead Repub-
lican co-sponsor of the legislation, Ms. Ros-Lehtinen. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman. Thank 
you for introducing H.R. 1469, the Senator Paul Simon Study 
Abroad Foundation Act of 2007, and we are so pleased to have in 
the audience today Senator Simon’s son, Martin Simon. We are 
pleased that the family is going to carry on with the senator’s im-
portant work. 
Chairman LANTOS. Would Martin Simon please stand? We are 
deeply grateful for your presence. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And I appreciate 
the chairman’s cooperation in incorporating into the base text my 
suggested language on congressional oversight, as well as defini-
tions that make clear that the act is meant to help foreign study 
by American students. This act fives effect to key recommendations 
of the bipartisan, congressionally mandated report of the Abraham 
Lincoln Study Abroad Commission, as well as the 9–11 Commis-
sion Report. 
Because of the increasing need for foreign language expertise, 
cultural knowledge, and better diplomacy, study abroad by more 
American students could help our nation’s security and future lead-
ership in the world. This act aims to dramatically increase the 
number and diversity of American students studying abroad, with 
an eventual goal of 1 million students per year, and ensures that 
most of the increase occurs in nontraditional and strategically im-
portant destinations, such as the Middle East and the developing 
world.
The act will establish the Simon Study Abroad Foundation, an 
independent U.S. Government corporation that can raise private 
sector funds to promote its work, freed from the large bureauc-
racies and short-term agendas of other U.S. agencies. By offering 
competitive grants to universities and educational consortiums, 
based on its priorities, the Foundation will generate broader inter-
est among American schools in Study Abroad programs, leveraging 
an impact far greater than a direct grant study program for 
schools. 
To ensure maximum transparency and efficiency, the Foundation 
will be subject to oversight by an inspector general and annual con-
gressional reporting requirements. 
In sum, this act represents a creative, forward-thinking initiative 
to protect American leadership and security in a fast-changing 
world, and I thank the chairman for authoring this bill. 
Chairman LANTOS. I want to thank my colleague, and may I just 
say, on behalf of all of us who had the privilege of serving with 
Paul Simon, he was an inspiration to this body, and we are hon-
ored to name this legislation after Senator Paul Simon of Illinois. 
Are there any amendments? 
[No response.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The question occurs on the motion to report 
the bill favorably. All in favor——
Mr. MANZULLO. I have a question. 
Chairman LANTOS. Yes. The gentleman will proceed. 
Mr. MANZULLO. Thank you. I noticed that this sets up a corpora-
tion—it is on pages 8 and 9—within the Mutual Educational and 
Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, along with a whole new board of 
directors, and these people get paid. The chief executive officer, at 
page 11, shall be compensated the rate provided for Level 3 of the 
Executive Schedule. And I guess what I do not understand is why 
we have to have a whole new group of bureaucrats that are set up 
for administering this program when, in fact, we have numerous 
other programs that are already working within the Federal Gov-
ernment? 
Chairman LANTOS. I am very pleased, my friend asked the ques-
tion, and I think I am qualified to answer his question. 
For a period of 10 years, from 1962 to 1971, I first established, 
and then I directed, the California State Study Abroad program. It 
was more than a full-time job, and as a result of that program, we 
now have thousands of highly qualified individuals in our diplo-
matic service, in our businesses functioning abroad, at our univer-
sities teaching and in research positions, thousands of highly quali-
fied American citizens who are fully familiar with the languages 
and cultures of countries ranging from Japan to Spain. 
This is not a new bureaucracy. This is a long-overdue attempt to 
enlarge the proportion of American students who feel culturally 
convenient, comfortable at home in many other societies. 
If you go to a small country, like Holland or Denmark, you will 
be stunned to find the vastly larger number of culturally and lin-
guistically competent people than we have in dealing with other so-
cieties and other cultures. 
This is not a new bureaucracy. It is a long-overdue, global edu-
cational effort to enable the next generation of Americans to be
able to function in an increasingly complex world, and if my friend 
will allow me to finish my answer, if we expect this to be done by 
people on the cheap, on the part time, on a pro forma basis, we 
would be building a singularly shaky foundation for a very impor-
tant program. 
Both the ranking member and I, and she can speak for herself, 
do not apologize for building a solid foundation for a long-overdue 
American program at a time when the United States’ prestige, 
globally, is at an all-time low. I am happy to yield to my friend. 
Mr. MANZULLO. Well, I am just trying to figure out how much 
the bureaucrats are going to take. With all respect, Mr. Chairman, 
it does state that there will be a brand-new CEO set up, that there 
will be a new board of directors, and that all of these people would 
get paid. How many students would be the beneficiaries of this pro-
gram? 
Chairman LANTOS. We are anticipating 1 million students to be 
the beneficiaries of the program——
Mr. MANZULLO. Under this program? 
Chairman LANTOS. Yes, and with all due respect to my friend, 
we also get paid for the work we do, so I do not find it un-American 
that people who do an honest day’s work for an important project 
get paid. I do not think this is un-American. 
Mr. MANZULLO. I did not state it was un-American. I think it is 
American also that we look after what the taxpayers are actually 
paying for this. The reason I asked the question is, for example, for 
every million dollars that goes in the program, how much goes to 
the people administering it? 
In addition to that, Mr. Chairman, in my freshman year of 1993, 
we had an extraordinary situation where we were trying to coordi-
nate all of these student exchange programs. No one knew how 
many exchange programs existed. No one knew how much money 
was being used. No one knew the parameters of it. In fact, it ended 
up with a cut to all of the programs of about 20 to 25 percent. My 
goal back then was simply to find out how much money was being 
spent, and that was the reason I asked the question. I think it is 
a very fair——
Chairman LANTOS. Ms. Ros-Lehtinen. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you. I thank the chairman. The gen-
tleman brings up a very important question about the funding and 
the pay, and I would like to address that, if I may. 
The act, the bill before us, does authorize $80 million per year, 
authorizes, which is certainly a large investment, but it is substan-
tially less than the total amount that was sought by the Lincoln 
Commission. They endorsed $75 million in the first year, $100 mil-
lion the next year, and $125 million per year from 2011 onward, 
and Foundation funding would still be subject to annual appropria-
tion. This is the authorization. 
A few further points, Mr. Chairman. For the board members, 
Federal employees who are on the board do not receive any addi-
tional compensation for serving on the board, and the members on 
the board who are non-Federal employees; they are paid at the 
daily rate only. That is the date that is set and published in The 
Register, and it says, on page 16: ‘‘Limitations. A member of the
board may not be paid compensation for more than 90 days in any 
calendar year.’’
In other words, the board members will meet, and it is like get-
ting a per diem for the meeting dates, and, at no time, could they 
get paid for more than 90 days for those meetings. There is a paid 
CEO, but the board members—there may be some confusion about 
that. It is almost a per diem that they get paid for attending the 
agenda and the Commission hearings of the Foundation. So there 
is a paid CEO, but the board members are just compensated at the 
daily rate. 
Mr. MANZULLO. Is this a political appointment, or is it a career 
within the State Department itself? 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. It is an independent—let me get to the area, 
if I could. 
Chairman LANTOS. It is an independent entity. It is not a State 
Department——
Mr. MANZULLO. Then the goal of the director would be also to 
raise money on the outside. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Correct. Private sector funds. Let me just 
yield to the chairman. Correct. 
Mr. MANZULLO. Okay. Thank you. 
Chairman LANTOS. Any other questions? 
[No response.] 
Chairman LANTOS. If not, the question occurs on the motion to 
report the bill favorably. All in favor, say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.] 
Chairman LANTOS. All opposed, say no. The ayes have it, and the 
motion to report favorably is adopted. 
Chairman LANTOS. Pursuant to notice, I call up the bill, H.R. 
1405, the Wildlife GAINS Act of 2007, for purposes of markup and 
move its favorable recommendation to the House. Without objec-
tion, the bill will be considered as read and open for amendment 
at any point. The amendment in the nature of a substitute, which 
the members have before them, will be considered as read and be 
considered as the original text for purposes of amendment. The 
Chair recognizes himself to briefly explain the bill. 
[H.R. 1405 and the Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to 
H.R. 1405 Offered by Mr. Lantos follow:]
I
110TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 1405
To establish a wildlife global animal information network for surveillance
internationally to combat the growing threat of emerging diseases that
involve wild animals, such as bird flu, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 8, 2007
Ms. DELAURO (for herself, Mrs. LOWEY, Ms. JACKSON-LEE of Texas, Mr.
LANTOS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. SERRANO, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mr. MEEKS
of New York, Ms. MCCOLLUM
of Minnesota, Mr. WEXLER, Mr.
MCHUGH, and Mr. HASTINGS of Florida) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition
to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources, and
Agriculture, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker,
in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the juris-
diction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To establish a wildlife global animal information network
for surveillance internationally to combat the growing
threat of emerging diseases that involve wild animals,
such as bird flu, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Wildlife Global Animal
Information Network for Surveillance Act’’ or ‘‘Wildlife
GAINS Act’’.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that—
(1) the ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI) strain H5N1 in Asia and
Eurasia is a threat to global human health and the
global poultry industry;
(2) the HPAI virus is capable of causing mas-
sive avian die-offs, and response can easily involve
the culling of tens of millions of domestic poultry or
domestic waterfowl, resulting in significant economic
losses;
(3) the fatality rate due to infection in humans
may be 30 to 50 percent or more;
(4) it has long been known that wild birds are
a reservoir host for avian influenza viruses world-
wide;
(5) the 1918 pandemic, the most lethal of the
three pandemics that killed over 40,000,000 people
worldwide, was caused by an influenza virus that ini-
tially jumped directly from birds to humans and sub-
sequently evolved an ability to transmit from
human-to-human;
(i) the Agricultural Research Service;
and
(ii) the Animal and Plant Health In-
spection Service;
(B) the Department of Health and Human
Services, acting through the Centers for Dis-
ease Control and Prevention;
(C) the Department of Homeland Security;
(D) the Department of Defense;
(E) the Department of the Interior, acting
through—
(i) the United States Geological Sur-
vey; and
(ii) the United States Fish and Wild-
life Service; and
(F) various State wildlife agencies in the
United States;
(2) multilateral agency partners, including—
(A) the Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion;
(B) the World Health Organization;
(C) the Office International des Epizooties,
the world animal health organization; and
(D) the World Conservation Union;
(3) conservation organizations with expertise in
international and domestic wildlife monitoring and
surveillance;
(4) accredited colleges of veterinary medicine
and medicine; and
(5) other national and international partners,
as necessary.
(c) INTERNATIONAL SURVEILLANCE.—The eligible
organization, in coordination with the United States Agen-
cy for International Development, shall manage an inter-
national surveillance program under which Federal Wild-
life GAINS partners shall, and non-Federal Wildlife
GAINS partners are encouraged to—
(1) monitor and test for the presence or arrival
of avian influenza and other significant avian patho-
gens at important bird areas around the world and
in marketplaces with intense trade in wild birds;
(2) monitor and test for the presence or arrival
of other significant pathogens in free-ranging wild-
life and in places with intense trade in wild animals;
(3) use trained professionals to collect samples
and other data and send samples to appropriate di-
agnostic centers;
(4) use the Wildlife GAINS, in partnership with
relevant 
agencies 
and 
organizations, 
for
conducting—
(A) disease surveillance activities on migra-
tory birds and other wildlife worldwide;
(B) domestic and international field inves-
tigations on migratory birds and other wildlife;
(C) training and capacity-building activi-
ties related to the relationships between human
health, domestic animal health, and wildlife
health; and
(D) research on methods and approaches
for detection and enhanced surveillance of
HPAI and other pathogens in migratory birds
and other wildlife; and
(5) send samples for pathogen identification
and testing to certified laboratories that—
(A) meet internationally established meth-
ods standards;
(B) are located at—
(i) the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention;
(ii) 
the 
Office 
International 
des
Epizooties, the world animal health organi-
zation;
(iii) the Food and Agriculture Organi-
zation;
(iv) National Veterinary Services Lab-
oratories of the Department of Agriculture;
(v) the Agricultural Research Service;
or
(vi) other relevant specialized labora-
tories; and
(C) report the findings back to the eligible
organization and Wildlife GAINS partners.
(d) NETWORK.—
(1) PARTNERS.—Federal Wildlife GAINS part-
ners shall, and non-Federal Wildlife GAINS part-
ners are encouraged to, transmit information related
to global distribution and characteristics of signifi-
cant pathogens to the Administrator acting through
the eligible organization.
(2) ADMINISTRATION.—The Administrator, act-
ing through the eligible organization, shall—
(A) use surveillance reports and other for-
mal and informal sources of information to
identify and investigate local disease outbreaks
of avian influenza and other infectious diseases
involving wildlife, in coordination with Wildlife
GAINS partners;
(B) develop a long-term baseline of re-
gional data related to HPAI and pathogens in
migratory birds and other wildlife for analysis
between and across sites to create a system to
identify when and where outbreaks might occur
and paths of dispersal;
(C) provide technical assistance for disease
prevention and control programs based on sci-
entific understanding of the relationships be-
tween wildlife health, domestic animal health,
and human health;
(D) provide analytical disease findings reg-
ularly to the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development and other Federal Wild-
life GAINS partners to prevent or combat
human and animal diseases;
(E) conduct other activities as are nec-
essary to support the Wildlife GAINS network
and Wildlife GAINS partners; and
(F) coordinate Wildlife GAINS surveillance
results at the headquarters of the eligible orga-
nization.
(e) DATABASE.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator, acting
through the eligible organization, shall manage,
map, and make available on a database on the Inter-
net all results and information gathered under this
Act.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The database shall—
(A) provide geographic data on wildlife
populations and the movements of the popu-
lations and laboratory test results; and
(B) be available for viewing by any Federal
agency, foreign country, multilateral institution,
organization, or individual.
(f) TRAINING.—The Administrator shall request ac-
credited colleges of veterinary medicine and medicine and
other Wildlife GAINS partners to train members of the
Wildlife GAINS network to—
(1) monitor important wildlife areas around the
world; and
(2) test for the presence or arrival of avian in-
fluenza and other significant pathogens of zoonotic
concern or of concern to domestic or wild animals.
SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out
this Act $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through
2012.
Æ
101
H.L.C.
plement a Wildlife Global Animal Information Network for
Surveillance.
(b) PARTNERS.—In administering the Wildlife
GAINS, 
the 
Administrator 
shall 
collaborate 
with
appropriate—
(1) 
Federal 
and 
State 
agency 
partners,
including—
(A) the Department of Agriculture, acting
through—
(i) the Agricultural Research Service;
and
(ii) the Animal and Plant Health In-
spection Service;
(B) the Department of Health and Human
Services, acting through the Centers for Dis-
ease Control and Prevention;
(C) the Department of Homeland Security;
(D) the Department of Defense;
(E) the Department of the Interior, acting
through—
(i) the United States Geological Sur-
vey; and
(ii) the United States Fish and Wild-
life Service; and
102
H.L.C.
(F) various State wildlife agencies in the
United States;
(2) multilateral agency partners, including—
(A) the Food and Agriculture Organiza-
tion;
(B) the World Health Organization;
(C) the Office International des Epizooties,
the world animal health organization; and
(D) the World Conservation Union;
(3) conservation organizations with expertise in
international and domestic wildlife monitoring and
surveillance;
(4) accredited colleges of veterinary medicine
and medicine; and
(5) other national and international partners,
as necessary.
(c) INTERNATIONAL SURVEILLANCE.—The Adminis-
trator shall manage an international surveillance program
under which Federal Wildlife GAINS partners shall, and
non-Federal Wildlife GAINS partners are encouraged
to—
(1) monitor and test for the presence or arrival
of avian influenza and other significant avian patho-
gens at important bird areas around the world and
in marketplaces with intense trade in wild birds;
103
H.L.C.
(2) monitor and test for the presence or arrival
of other significant pathogens in free-ranging wild-
life and in places with intense trade in wild animals;
(3) use trained professionals to collect samples
and other data and send samples to appropriate di-
agnostic centers;
(4) use the Wildlife GAINS, in partnership with
relevant 
agencies 
and 
organizations, 
for
conducting—
(A) disease surveillance activities on migra-
tory birds and other wildlife worldwide;
(B) domestic and international field inves-
tigations on migratory birds and other wildlife;
(C) training and capacity-building activi-
ties related to the relationships between human
health, domestic animal health, and wildlife
health; and
(D) research on methods and approaches
for detection and enhanced surveillance of
HPAI and other pathogens in migratory birds
and other wildlife; and
(5) send samples for pathogen identification
and testing to certified laboratories that—
(A) meet internationally established meth-
ods standards;
104
H.L.C.
(B) are located at—
(i) the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention;
(ii) 
the 
Office 
International 
des
Epizooties, the world animal health organi-
zation;
(iii) the Food and Agriculture Organi-
zation;
(iv) National Veterinary Services Lab-
oratories of the Department of Agriculture;
(v) the Agricultural Research Service;
or
(vi) other relevant specialized labora-
tories; and
(C) report the findings back to the Admin-
istrator and Wildlife GAINS partners.
(d) NETWORK.—
(1) PARTNERS.—The Administrator shall re-
quire Federal Wildlife GAINS partners, and encour-
age non-Federal Wildlife GAINS partners, to trans-
mit to the Administrator information related to glob-
al distribution and characteristics of significant
pathogens.
(2) 
ADMINISTRATION.—The 
Administrator
shall—
105
H.L.C.
(A) use surveillance reports and other for-
mal and informal sources of information to
identify and investigate local disease outbreaks
of avian influenza and other infectious diseases
involving wildlife, in coordination with Wildlife
GAINS partners;
(B) develop a long-term baseline of re-
gional data related to HPAI and pathogens in
migratory birds and other wildlife for analysis
between and across sites to create a system to
identify when and where outbreaks might occur
and paths of dispersal;
(C) provide technical assistance for disease
prevention and control programs based on sci-
entific understanding of the relationships be-
tween wildlife health, domestic animal health,
and human health;
(D) provide analytical disease findings reg-
ularly to the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development and other Federal Wild-
life GAINS partners to prevent or combat
human and animal diseases;
(E) conduct other activities as are nec-
essary to support the Wildlife GAINS network
and Wildlife GAINS partners; and
106
H.L.C.
(F) coordinate Wildlife GAINS surveillance
results at the headquarters of the eligible orga-
nization.
(e) DATABASE.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall
manage, map, and make available on a database on
the Internet all results and information gathered
under this Act.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The database shall—
(A) provide geographic data on wildlife
populations and the movements of the popu-
lations and laboratory test results; and
(B) be available for viewing by any Federal
agency, foreign country, multilateral institution,
organization, or individual.
(f) TRAINING.—The Administrator shall request ac-
credited colleges of veterinary medicine and medicine and
other Wildlife GAINS partners to train members of the
Wildlife GAINS network to—
(1) monitor important wildlife areas around the
world; and
(2) test for the presence or arrival of avian in-
fluenza and other significant pathogens of zoonotic
concern or of concern to domestic or wild animals.
107
H.L.C.
SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out
this Act $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through
2012.
108
H.L.C.
Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to establish
and maintain a wildlife global animal information net-
work for surveillance internationally to combat the grow-
ing threat of emerging diseases that involve wild animals,
such as bird flu, and for other purposes.’’.
109
Chairman LANTOS. I believe we are fully aware of the risks that 
new and emerging diseases pose to the United States. The scourge 
of avian flu has known no boundaries, and the deadly risk of a 
more virulent strain of this virus is well documented. The world’s 
preeminent medical specialists and public health professionals 
have indicated the potentially enormous consequences to the 
world’s population if we fail to detect and to contain any potential 
pandemic. 
H.R. 1405, the ‘‘Wildlife Global Animal Information Network for 
Surveillance Act,’’ or ‘‘Wildlife GAINS Act,’’ authorizes the U.S. 
Agency for International Development to work with other U.S. Gov-
ernmental agencies, conservation experts, multinational organiza-
tions, and veterinary experts to implement a network for surveil-
lance, detection, and identification of wildlife animals infected with 
deadly diseases such as the highly pathogenic avian flu. 
In addition, the bill, as amended by my substitute, provides $10 
million a year for 4 years to implement this surveillance work. The 
amendment before the committee makes a number of minor 
changes to the underlying bill. I urge all members to support this 
legislation. 
Are there any amendments? 
Mr. BURTON. Mr. Chairman? 
Chairman LANTOS. Mr. Burton of Indiana. 
Mr. BURTON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just have a question. 
Ten million dollars seems like a very small amount of money for 
a surveillance program of this size. I mean, you are talking about 
animals all over the world. I was the senior Republican for Africa 
for 10 years, and, my lord, how many animals there are over there, 
just in Africa alone. 
So I am curious how $10 million is going to be an adequate sum, 
if you are really going to have a surveillance program of this type. 
Chairman LANTOS. My friend from Indiana raises a very valid 
point. The current amount spent on this is about $5 million per 
annum. This legislation doubles that. I have no particular brief for 
the amount. If my friend would like to raise it, I will not object. 
Mr. BURTON. No. Pardon my English, but there ain’t no way you 
are going to be able to monitor this with $10 million. There are just 
too many animals in the world, and they have too many virulent 
diseases that may or may not be spread to humans. 
Chairman LANTOS. I agree with the very wise comments of my 
friend. Let me only add, to allay his concern of the very par-
simonious manner in which the Democratic chair of the committee 
is proceeding, that other countries also spend on this endeavor 
globally, so our $10 million is only part of the global spending. 
The question occurs on the amendment in the nature of a sub-
stitute. All in favor will say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.] 
Chairman LANTOS. All opposed will say no. 
[Pause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The ayes have it, and the amendment is 
agreed to. 
A question occurs on the motion to report the bill favorably, as 
amended. All in favor, say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.]
110
Chairman LANTOS. All opposed, say no. 
[Pause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The ayes have it, and the motion to report fa-
vorably is hereby adopted. Without objection, the bill will be re-
ported a single amendment in the nature of a substitute incor-
porating the amendments adopted by the committee, and the staff 
is directed to make any technical and conforming amendments. 
Well, my colleagues, we have a series of noncontroversial bills on 
the agenda. It is the intention of the Chair to consider these meas-
ures en bloc and, by unanimous consent, authorize the Chair to re-
port certain measures to the Whole House and seek consideration 
of the remaining bills under suspension of the rules. 
All members are given leave to insert remarks on the measures 
into the record, should they choose to do so. Before making the re-
quest, do any members wish to be heard on these measures? Ms. 
Giffords. 
Ms. GIFFORDS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to speak 
briefly to the H.R. 1441 bill. First of all, I just want to thank you 
for convening this markup and for bringing H.R. 1441 before this 
committee. I would also like to thank Congressman Steve Pearce, 
with whom I traveled to Israel and Iraq and Kuwait recently. Usu-
ally, this is a bipartisan piece of legislation. 
It became very apparent, being in Iraq and Israel, that we have 
to be working as closely as we possibly can with our allies to pre-
vent the country of Iran from future strengthening their military 
force, and that is what this piece of legislation would do. It would 
ban the sale of F–14 parts, not just to Iran, but it would be a ban 
for all international F–14 parts. 
The United States sold the F–14 to Iran during the 1970s, when 
we were allies with Iran, but since that time, Iran has now become 
one of the greatest threats that we have to international peace and 
stability, as they work to pursue nuclear weapons and actively sup-
port terrorism. There are approximately 12,000 unique parts to the 
F–14, and if we can prevent even one of those parts getting into 
the hands of the Iranians, this piece of legislation will have done 
its job. 
So I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for bringing this bill before the 
committee, and I respectfully ask for support. 
Chairman LANTOS. Well, I want to thank my friend, and may I 
commend her for bringing before this body a singularly important 
piece of legislation? Ms. Watson. 
Ms. WATSON. I want to thank Representative Giffords and the co-
sponsors for this piece of legislation. I am just wondering. There is 
a prohibition against the sale. Does your bill refer to what should 
be done with these weapons afterwards? Would they be remelted 
and so on? I just wondered if there is a provision that deals with 
what happens to them. 
Ms. GIFFORDS. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you, Am-
bassador Watson. What this bill would do would obviously prevent 
the sale of the F–14 parts but also only direct the F–14’s to go into 
specific areas, particularly in my district, which is Davis-Moffet Air 
Force Base. 
There is a strict ban and a strict prohibition. In terms of pen-
alties, that is not clearly laid out in the bill, but I think that the
111
biggest problem we have right now is that F–14 parts are inadvert-
ently getting into the hands, and we need to physically lay down 
the law and say we cannot allow this to happen. 
Ms. WATSON. So the parts then would go back for use in other 
authorized vehicles. 
Ms. GIFFORDS. Ambassador Watson, actually, it would prevent 
any sale of the F–14 parts because the parts are so unique just to 
the F–14——
Chairman LANTOS. They would remain in our inventory, Ms. 
Watson. 
Ms. WATSON. Okay. That is what I needed to know. I did not 
know whether they were going to be destroyed or used——
Chairman LANTOS. No. They will remain in inventory. 
Ms. WATSON. All right. Thank you. 
Ms. GIFFORDS. Thank you. 
Ms. WATSON. That answers my question. 
Chairman LANTOS. Any other issue? 
Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Chairman? 
Chairman LANTOS. Yes. Mr. Klein? 
Mr. KLEIN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I just wanted to briefly 
comment on House Resolution 267, the seized British soldiers reso-
lution, if I could, Mr. Chairman. 
Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you for swiftly bringing this reso-
lution to markup. I admire your leadership on the issue of Iran, 
and the Iranian threat, of course, as we know, on many levels, is 
one of the most critical issues facing this committee and, indeed, 
facing the world today. 
My colleagues in the Iran Working Group were appalled at Iran’s 
actions last week, when they seized 15 British sailors and marines 
in the Persian Gulf. As we all remember, this is not the first time 
that this has happened, but I certainly hope that this is the last. 
Iran has ignored the international community for too long, flout-
ing international will when it comes to the Iranian nuclear pro-
gram and holding soldiers hostage. I believe it is particularly nota-
ble that these soldiers and marines were captured on the same day 
that the U.N. debated additional sanctions for Iran’s continued ef-
forts to enrich Uranium. The U.N. unanimously approved these 
sanctions on Saturday, including a ban on arms sales from Iran, 
as well as the freezing of assets of 28 people and organizations in-
volved with its nuclear program. 
I hope that these sanctions, coupled with this resolution, which 
expresses the will of Congress, calling for Iran to free these sailors, 
will send the strongest message to Iran. Given the severity of this 
international crisis, it is critical that the United States Congress 
send a clear condemnation of Iran’s unacceptable conditions, and I 
appreciate your time and yield back. 
Chairman LANTOS. I want to assure my colleagues that we are 
moving these items as expeditiously as possible. I ask all of you to 
stay here for a few more minutes because we need a reporting 
quorum. 
Without objection, the following bills are ordered favorably re-
ported to the House: H.R. 1441, to prohibit the sale by the Depart-
ment of Defense of parts for F–14 fighter aircraft; H.R. 1678, the 
Torture Victims Relief Act.
113
I
110TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 1441
To prohibit the sale by the Department of Defense of parts for F–14 fighter
aircraft.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MARCH 9, 2007
Ms. GIFFORDS (for herself and Mr. PEARCE) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition
to the Committee on Armed Services, for a period to be subsequently de-
termined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To prohibit the sale by the Department of Defense of parts
for F–14 fighter aircraft.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stop Arming Iran
Act’’.
114
SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON SALE BY DEPARTMENT OF DE-
FENSE OF PARTS FOR F–14 FIGHTER AIR-
CRAFT.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings:
(1) The Department of Defense is responsible
for demilitarizing and auctioning off sensitive sur-
plus United States military equipment.
(2) F–14 ‘‘Tomcat’’ fighter aircraft have re-
cently been retired, and their parts are being made
available by auction in large quantities.
(3) Iran is the only country, besides the United
States, flying F–14 fighter aircraft and is pur-
chasing surplus parts for such aircraft from brokers.
(4) The Government Accountability Office has,
as a result of undercover investigative work, declared
the acquisition of the surplus United States military
equipment, including parts for F–14 fighter aircraft,
to be disturbingly effortless.
(5) Upon the seizure of such sensitive surplus
military equipment being sold to Iran, United States
customs agents have discovered these same items,
having been resold by the Department of Defense,
being brokered illegally to Iran again.
115
(6) Iran is pursuing a nuclear weapons capa-
bility, and the Department of State has identified
Iran as the most active state sponsor of terrorism.
(7) Iran continues to provide funding, safe
haven, training, and weapons to known terrorist
groups, including Hizballah, HAMAS, the Palestine
Islamic Jihad, and the Popular Front for the Lib-
eration of Palestine.
(8) The sale of spare parts for F–14 fighter
aircraft could make it more difficult to confront the
nuclear weapons capability of Iran and would
strengthen the ground war capability of Iran. To
prevent these threats to regional and global security,
the sale of spare parts for F–14 fighter aircraft
should be prohibited.
(b) PROHIBITION ON SALE BY DEPARTMENT OF DE-
FENSE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other
provision of law and except as provided in paragraph
(2), the Department of Defense may not sell (wheth-
er directly or indirectly) any parts for F–14 fighter
aircraft, whether through the Defense Reutilization
and Marketing Service or through another agency or
element of the Department.
116
(2) EXCEPTION.—Paragraph (1) shall not
apply with respect to the sale of parts for F–14
fighter aircraft to a museum or similar organization
located in the United States that is involved in the
preservation of F–14 fighter aircraft for historical
purposes.
(c) PROHIBITION ON EXPORT LICENSE.—No license
for the export of parts for F–14 fighter aircraft to a non-
United States person or entity may be issued by the
United States Government.
Æ
(Original Signature of Member) 110TH CONGRESS 1st SESSION H e R, 7 To amend the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 to authorize appropriations to provide assistance for domestic and foreign programs and centers for the treatment of victims of torture, and for other purposes. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. SantH of New Jersey introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on A BILL To amend the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 to author- ize appropriations to provide assistance for domestic and foreign programs and centers for the treatment of vic- tims of torture, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the “Torture Victims Relief wan S&F WN Ww Reauthorization Act of 2007’.
118
H.L.C.
SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR DOMES-
TIC TREATMENT CENTERS FOR VICTIMS OF
TORTURE.
Section 5(b)(1) of the Torture Victims Relief Act of
1998 (22 U.S.C. 2152 note) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of
the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the
Department of Health and Human Services for fis-
cal years 2008 and 2009, there are authorized to be
appropriated 
to 
carry 
out 
subsection 
(a)
$25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 and
2009.’’.
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR FOR-
EIGN TREATMENT CENTERS FOR VICTIMS OF
TORTURE.
Section 4(b)(1) of the Torture Victims Relief Act of
1998 (22 U.S.C. 2152 note) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of
the amounts authorized to be appropriated for fiscal
years 2008 and 2009 pursuant to chapter 1 of part
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, there are
authorized to be appropriated to the President to
carry out section 130 of such Act $12,000,000 for
each of the fiscal years 2008 and 2009.’’.
119
H.L.C.
SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE
UNITED 
STATES 
CONTRIBUTION 
TO 
THE
UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTARY FUND FOR
VICTIMS OF TORTURE.
Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for fis-
cal years 2008 and 2009 pursuant to chapter 3 of part
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the President for a voluntary
contribution to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for
Victims of Torture $12,000,000 for each of the fiscal
years 2008 and 2009.
120 (Original Signature of Member) 110TH CONGRESS 1sT SESSION H ; CON. RES. Condemning the recent violent actions of the Government of Zimbabwe against peaceful opposition party activists and members of civil society. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Lantos submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on CONCURRENT RESOLUTION Condemning the recent violent actions of the Government of Zimbabwe against peaceful opposition party activists and members of civil society. Whereas in 2005 the Government of Zimbabwe launched Op- eration Murambatsvina (“Operation Throw Out the Trash”) against citizens in major cities and suburbs throughout Zimbabwe, driving 2,400,000 people or nearly one-fifth of the population from their homes, businesses, and livelihoods; Whereas on March 11, 2007, opposition party activists and members of civil society attempted to hold a peaceful prayer meeting to protest the economic and political cri- sis engulfing Zimbabwe in which inflation is running over
121
H.L.C.
1,700 percent and unemployment stands at 80 percent
and in response to President Robert Mugabe’s announce-
ment that he intends to seek reelection in 2008 if nomi-
nated;
Whereas opposition activist Gift Tandare died on March 11,
2007, as a result of being shot by police while attempting
to attend the prayer meeting and Itai Manyeruke died on
March 12, 2007, as a result of police beatings and was
found in a morgue by his family on March 20, 2007;
Whereas under the direction of President Robert Mugabe and
the ZANU–PF government, police officers, security
forces, and youth militia brutally assaulted the peaceful
demonstrators and arrested opposition leaders and hun-
dreds of civilians;
Whereas Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) leader
Morgan Tsvangarai was brutally assaulted and suffered
a fractured skull, lacerations, and major bruising; MDC
member Sekai Holland, a 64-year old grandmother, suf-
fered ruthless attacks at Highfield Police Station, which
resulted in the breaking of her leg, knee, arm, and three
ribs; fellow activist Grace Kwinjeh, age 33, also was bru-
tally beaten, while part of one ear was ripped off; and
Nelson Chamisa was badly injured by suspected state
agents at Harare airport on March 18, 2007, when try-
ing to board a plane for a meeting of European Union
and ACP lawmakers in Brussels, Belgium;
Whereas Zimbabwe’s foreign minister warned Western dip-
lomats that the Government of Zimbabwe would expel
them if they gave support to the opposition, and said
Western diplomats had gone too far by offering food and
water to jailed opposition activists;
122
H.L.C.
Whereas victims of physical assault by the Government of
Zimbabwe have been denied emergency medical transfer
to hospitals in neighboring South Africa at which their
wounds can be properly treated;
Whereas those incarcerated by the Government of Zimbabwe
were denied access to legal representatives and lawyers
appearing at the jails to meet with detained clients were
themselves threatened and intimidated;
Whereas at the time of Zimbabwe’s independence, President
Robert Mugabe was hailed as a liberator and Zimbabwe
showed bright prospects for democracy, economic develop-
ment, domestic reconciliation, and prosperity;
Whereas President Robert Mugabe and his ZANU–PF gov-
ernment continue to turn away from the promises of lib-
eration and use state power to deny the people of
Zimbabwe the freedom and prosperity they fought for
and deserve;
Whereas the staggering suffering brought about by the mis-
rule of Zimbabwe has created a large-scale humanitarian
crisis in which 3,500 people die each week from a com-
bination of disease, hunger, neglect, and despair;
Whereas the Chairman of the African Union, President Alpha
Oumar 
Konare, 
expressed 
‘‘great 
concern’’ 
about
Zimbabwe’s crisis and called for the need for the scru-
pulous respect for human rights and democratic prin-
ciples in Zimbabwe;
Whereas the Southern African Development Community
(SADC) Council of Non-governmental Organizations stat-
ed that ‘‘We believe that the crisis has reached a point
where Zimbabweans need to be strongly persuaded and
127
IV
110TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. RES. 100
Expressing the sympathy of the House of Representatives to the families
of women and girls murdered in Guatemala and encouraging the Govern-
ment of Guatemala to bring an end to these crimes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
JANUARY 24, 2007
Ms. SOLIS (for herself, Mr. BURTON of Indiana, Ms. LEE, Mr. LANTOS, and
Mr. ENGEL) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the
Committee on Foreign Affairs
RESOLUTION
Expressing the sympathy of the House of Representatives
to the families of women and girls murdered in Guate-
mala and encouraging the Government of Guatemala to
bring an end to these crimes.
Whereas Guatemalan women were among the victims during
the 36-year Guatemalan internal armed conflict which
ended with the signing of the 1996 Peace Accords and
ushered in the process of reconciliation;
Whereas since 2001, more than 2,000 women and girls have
been murdered in Guatemala often preceded by abduc-
tion, sexual assault, or brutal mutilation;
Whereas from 2001 to 2006, the rate at which women and
girls have been murdered in Guatemala has increased
128
•HRES 100 IH
sharply, at a higher rate than the murder rate of men
in Guatemala during the same period;
Whereas the number of murders of Guatemalan women and
girls has increased significantly from 303 in 2001 to
more than 500 in 2006;
Whereas, according to reports from Guatemalan officials,
most of the victims are women ranging in age from 18
to 30 and many were abducted in broad daylight in well-
populated areas;
Whereas the manner and rate of murders of Guatemalan
women and girls suggests an increase in gender based
killings, an extreme form of violence against women that
can include torture, mutilation, and sexual violence;
Whereas, according to data from Guatemala’s Public Pros-
ecutors Office, few arrests and fewer convictions have
taken place, leading to accusations that police, prosecu-
tors, forensics experts, and other state justice officials
have not brought the perpetrators to justice;
Whereas inadequate financial, human, and technical re-
sources, as well as a lack of forensic and technical exper-
tise, has complicated the arrest and prosecution of sus-
pects;
Whereas the Guatemalan Human Rights Ombudsman reports
that on ten separate occasions police officers have been
implicated in the murder of Guatemalan women and girls
and recommends that such officers and other officials be
held accountable for their acts;
Whereas the Guatemalan Special Prosecutor for Crimes
Against Women, in her statements regarding the Guate-
malan murder cases, reported that her office has re-
129
•HRES 100 IH
viewed approximately 800 reports of domestic violence
per month, with some of those cases ending in murder;
Whereas the Government of Guatemala has undertaken ef-
forts to prevent violence against women, as evidenced by
its ratification of the United Nations Convention Against
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treat-
ment or Punishment, the United Nations Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against
Women, the Convention of Belem do Para, and other
international human rights treaties, and the enactment of
laws and the creation of state institutions to promote and
protect the rights of women;
Whereas, in June 2006, the Government of Guatemala suc-
cessfully abolished the ‘‘Rape Law’’ which had absolved
perpetrators of criminal responsibility for rape and cer-
tain other crimes of violence upon the perpetrator’s mar-
riage with the victim;
Whereas the Government of Guatemala has created special
police and prosecutorial units to address the brutal mur-
ders of Guatemalan women and girls;
Whereas Guatemalan legislators from various parties have
joined lawmakers from Mexico and Spain to form the
Interparliamentary Network against ‘‘Femicide’’;
Whereas the Government of Guatemala and the United Na-
tions recently signed an agreement to establish the Inter-
national Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala
(CICIG), which has a mandate to investigate and pro-
mote prosecution of illegal security groups and clandes-
tine security organizations that function with impunity
and are suspected of attacking human rights defenders,
130
•HRES 100 IH
and other crimes that have undermined overall security
in Guatemala;
Whereas murders of Guatemalan women and girls have
brought pain to the families and friends of the victims as
they struggle to cope with the loss of their loved ones and
the fact that the perpetrators of these heinous acts re-
main unknown to the proper authorities; and
Whereas continuing impunity for the crime of murder is a
threat to the rule of law, democracy, and stability in
Guatemala: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the House of Representatives—
(1) expresses its sincerest condolences and
deepest sympathy to the families of women and girls
murdered in Guatemala;
(2) expresses the solidarity of the people of the
United States with the people of Guatemala in the
face of these tragic and senseless acts;
(3) condemns the ongoing abductions and mur-
ders of women and girls in Guatemala which have
been occurring with increasing brutality and fre-
quency;
(4) recognizes the courageous struggle of the
victims’ families in seeking justice for the victims;
(5) urges the Government of Guatemala to rec-
ognize domestic violence and sexual harassment as
criminal acts;
131
•HRES 100 IH
(6) encourages the Government of Guatemala
to act with due diligence in order to investigate
promptly the killings of women and girls, prosecute
those responsible, and eliminate the tolerance of vio-
lence against women;
(7) supports efforts to identify perpetrators and
unknown victims through forensic analysis, including
DNA testing, such as the National Institute for Fo-
rensic Science in Guatemala (INACIF) and encour-
ages such efforts to be conducted by independent,
impartial experts;
(8) urges the President and Secretary of State
to continue to express support for the efforts of the
victims’ families and loved ones to seek justice for
the victims, to express concern relating to the con-
tinued harassment of these families and the human
rights defenders with whom they work, and to ex-
press concern with respect to impediments in the
ability of the families to receive prompt and accurate
information in their cases;
(9) encourages the Secretary of State to urge
the Government of Guatemala to honor and dignify
the victims of the brutal murders and to continue to
include in the Department of State’s annual Country
Reports on Human Rights Practices all instances of
160
H.L.C.
ship team and providing for management suc-
cession;
(E) overseeing the financial reporting and
audit process, internal controls, and legal com-
pliance;
(F) holding management accountable for
performance;
(G) providing oversight of the financial
stability of the corporation;
(H) ensuring the inclusiveness and diver-
sity of the corporation;
(I) providing oversight of the protection of
the brand of the corporation; and
(J) assisting with fundraising on behalf of
the corporation.
(6)(A) The selection of members of the Board
of Governors is a critical component of effective gov-
ernance for The American National Red Cross, and,
as such, it is in the national interest that The Amer-
ican National Red Cross amend its bylaws to provide
a method of selection consistent with that described
in the Governance Report.
(B) The new method of selection should replace
the current process by which—
161
H.L.C.
(i) 30 chartered unit-elected members of
the Board of Governors are selected by a non-
Board committee which includes 2 members of
the Board of Governors and other individuals
elected by the chartered units themselves;
(ii) 12 at-large members of the Board of
Governors are nominated by a Board committee
and elected by the Board of Governors; and
(iii) 8 members of the Board of Governors
are appointed by the President of the United
States.
(C) The new method of selection described in
the Governance Report reflects the single category of
members of the Board of Governors that will result
from the implementation of this Act:
(i) All Board members (except for the
chairman of the Board of Governors) would be
nominated by a single committee of the Board
of Governors taking into account the criteria
outlined in the Governance Report to assure the
expertise, skills, and experience of a governing
board.
(ii) The nominated members would be con-
sidered for approval by the full Board of Gov-
ernors and then submitted to The American
162
H.L.C.
National Red Cross annual meeting of delegates
for election, in keeping with the standard cor-
porate practice whereby shareholders of a cor-
poration elect members of a board of directors
at its annual meeting.
(7) The United States Supreme Court held The
American National Red Cross to be an instrumen-
tality of the United States, and it is in the national
interest that the Congressional Charter confirm that
status and that any changes to the Congressional
Charter do not affect the rights and obligations of
The American National Red Cross to carry out its
purposes.
(8) Given the role of The American National
Red Cross in carrying out its services, programs,
and activities, and meeting its various obligations,
the effectiveness of The American National Red
Cross will be promoted by the creation of an organi-
zational ombudsman who—
(A) will be a neutral or impartial dispute
resolution practitioner whose major function
will be to provide confidential and informal as-
sistance to the many internal and external
stakeholders of The American National Red
Cross;
163
H.L.C.
(B) will report to the chief executive officer
and the audit committee of the Board of Gov-
ernors; and
(C) will have access to anyone and any
documents in The American National Red
Cross.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
(1) charitable organizations are an indispen-
sable part of American society, but these organiza-
tions can only fulfill their important roles by main-
taining the trust of the American public;
(2) trust is fostered by effective governance and
transparency, which are the principal goals of the
recommendations of the Board of Governors in the
Governance Report and this Act;
(3) Federal and State action play an important
role in ensuring effective governance and trans-
parency by setting standards, rooting out violations,
and informing the public; and
(4) while The American National Red Cross is
and will remain a Federally chartered instrumen-
tality of the United States, and it has the rights and
obligations consistent with that status, The Amer-
ican National Red Cross nevertheless should main-
164
H.L.C.
tain appropriate communications with State regu-
lators of charitable organizations and should cooper-
ate with them as appropriate in specific matters as
they arise from time to time.
SEC. 3. ORGANIZATION.
Section 300101 of title 36, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘a Federally
chartered instrumentality of the United States and’’
before ‘‘a body corporate and politic’’; and
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting at the end
the following new sentence: ‘‘The corporation may
conduct its business and affairs, and otherwise hold
itself out, as the ‘American Red Cross’ in any juris-
diction.’’.
SEC. 4. PURPOSES.
Section 300102 of title 36, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph
(3);
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (4) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(3) by adding at the end the following para-
graph:
165
H.L.C.
‘‘(5) to conduct other activities consistent with
the foregoing purposes.’’.
SEC. 5. MEMBERSHIP AND CHAPTERS.
Section 300103 of title 36, United States Code, is
amended—
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘, or as oth-
erwise provided,’’ before ‘‘in the bylaws’’;
(2) in subsection (b)(1)—
(A) by striking ‘‘board of governors’’ and
inserting ‘‘corporation’’; and
(B) by inserting ‘‘policies and’’ before
‘‘regulations related’’; and
(3) in subsection (b)(2)—
(A) by inserting ‘‘policies and’’ before
‘‘regulations shall require’’; and
(B) by striking ‘‘national convention’’ and
inserting ‘‘annual meeting’’.
SEC. 6. BOARD OF GOVERNORS.
Section 300104 of title 36, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
‘‘§ 300104. Board of governors
‘‘(a) BOARD OF GOVERNORS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The board of governors is
the governing body of the corporation with all pow-
ers of governing and directing, and of overseeing the
166
H.L.C.
management of the business and affairs of, the cor-
poration.
‘‘(2) NUMBER.—The board of governors shall
fix by resolution, from time to time, the number of
members constituting the entire board of governors,
provided that—
‘‘(A) as of March 31, 2009, and thereafter,
there shall be no fewer than 12 and no more
than 25 members; and
‘‘(B) as of March 31, 2012, and thereafter,
there shall be no fewer than 12 and no more
than 20 members constituting the entire board.
Procedures to implement the preceding sentence
shall be provided in the bylaws.
‘‘(3) APPOINTMENT.—The governors shall be
appointed or elected in the following manner:
‘‘(A) CHAIRMAN.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The board of gov-
ernors, in accordance with procedures pro-
vided in the bylaws, shall recommend to
the President an individual to serve as
chairman of the board of governors. If
such recommendation is approved by the
President, the President shall appoint such
167
H.L.C.
individual to serve as chairman of the
board of governors.
‘‘(ii) VACANCIES.—Vacancies in the
office of the chairman, including vacancies
resulting from the resignation, death, or
removal by the President of the chairman,
shall be filled in the same manner de-
scribed in clause (i).
‘‘(iii) DUTIES.—The chairman shall
be a member of the board of governors
and, when present, shall preside at meet-
ings of the board of governors and shall
have such other duties and responsibilities
as may be provided in the bylaws or a res-
olution of the board of governors.
‘‘(B) OTHER MEMBERS.—
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Members of the
board of governors other than the chair-
man shall be elected at the annual meeting
of the corporation in accordance with such
procedures as may be provided in the by-
laws.
‘‘(ii) VACANCIES.—Vacancies in any
such elected board position and in any
newly created board position may be filled
168
H.L.C.
by a vote of the remaining members of the
board of governors in accordance with such
procedures as may be provided in the by-
laws.
‘‘(b) TERMS OF OFFICE.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The term of office of each
member of the board of governors shall be 3 years,
except that—
‘‘(A) the board of governors may provide
under the bylaws that the terms of office of
members of the board of governors elected to
the board of governors before March 31, 2012,
may be less than 3 years in order to implement
the provisions of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
subsection (a)(2); and
‘‘(B) any member of the board of gov-
ernors elected by the board to fill a vacancy in
a board position arising before the expiration of
its term may, as determined by the board, serve
for the remainder of that term or until the next
annual meeting of the corporation.
‘‘(2) STAGGERED TERMS.—The terms of office
of members of the board of governors (other than
the chairman) shall be staggered such that, by
March 31, 2012, and thereafter, 1⁄3 of the entire
169
H.L.C.
board (or as near to 1⁄3 as practicable) shall be elect-
ed at each successive annual meeting of the corpora-
tion with the term of office of each member of the
board of governors elected at an annual meeting ex-
piring at the third annual meeting following the an-
nual meeting at which such member was elected.
‘‘(3) TERM LIMITS.—No person may serve as a
member of the board of governors for more than
such number of terms of office or years as may be
provided in the bylaws.
‘‘(c) COMMITTEES AND OFFICERS.—The board—
‘‘(1) may appoint, from its own members, an
executive committee to exercise such powers of the
board when the board is not in session as may be
provided in the bylaws;
‘‘(2) may appoint such other committees or ad-
visory councils with such powers as may be provided
in the bylaws or a resolution of the board of gov-
ernors;
‘‘(3) shall appoint such officers of the corpora-
tion, including a chief executive officer, with such
duties, responsibilities, and terms of office as may be
provided in the bylaws or a resolution of the board
of governors; and
170
H.L.C.
‘‘(4) may remove members of the board of gov-
ernors (other than the chairman), officers, and em-
ployees under such procedures as may be provided in
the bylaws or a resolution of the board of governors.
‘‘(d) ADVISORY COUNCIL.—
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There shall be an advi-
sory council to the board of governors.
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP; APPOINTMENT
BY
PRESI-
DENT.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The advisory council
shall be composed of no fewer than 8 and no
more than 10 members, each of whom shall be
appointed by the President from principal offi-
cers of the executive departments and senior of-
ficers of the Armed Forces whose positions and
interests qualify them to contribute to carrying
out the programs and purposes of the corpora-
tion.
‘‘(B) 
MEMBERS
FROM
THE
ARMED
FORCES.—At least 1, but not more than 3, of
the members of the advisory council shall be se-
lected from the Armed Forces.
‘‘(3) DUTIES.—The advisory council shall ad-
vise, report directly to, and meet, at least 1 time per
year with the board of governors, and shall have
171
H.L.C.
such name, functions and be subject to such proce-
dures as may be provided in the bylaws.
‘‘(e) ACTION WITHOUT MEETING.—Any action re-
quired or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the
board of governors or of any committee thereof may be
taken without a meeting if all members of the board or
committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing,
or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings
or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are main-
tained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if
the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
‘‘(f) VOTING BY PROXY.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Voting by proxy is not al-
lowed at any meeting of the board, at the annual
meeting, or at any meeting of a chapter.
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—The board may allow the
election of governors by proxy during any emer-
gency.
‘‘(g) BYLAWS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The board of governors
may—
‘‘(A) at any time adopt bylaws; and
172
H.L.C.
‘‘(B) at any time adopt bylaws to be effec-
tive only in an emergency.
‘‘(2) EMERGENCY BYLAWS.—Any bylaws adopt-
ed pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) may provide spe-
cial procedures necessary for managing the corpora-
tion during the emergency. All provisions of the reg-
ular bylaws consistent with the emergency bylaws re-
main effective during the emergency.
‘‘(h) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section—
‘‘(1) the term ‘entire board’ means the total
number of members of the board of governors that
the corporation would have if there were no vacan-
cies; and
‘‘(2) the term ‘emergency’ shall have such
meaning as may be provided in the bylaws.’’.
SEC. 7. POWERS.
Paragraph (a)(1) of section 300105 of title 36,
United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘bylaws’’ and
inserting ‘‘policies’’.
SEC. 8. ANNUAL MEETING.
Section 300107 of title 36, United States Code, is
amended to read as follows:
173
H.L.C.
‘‘§ 300107. Annual meeting
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The annual meeting of the cor-
poration is the annual meeting of delegates of the chap-
ters.
‘‘(b) TIME OF MEETING.—The annual meeting shall
be held as determined by the board of governors.
‘‘(c) PLACE OF MEETING.—The board of governors
is authorized to determine that the annual meeting shall
not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely
by means of remote communication subject to such proce-
dures as are provided in the bylaws.
‘‘(d) VOTING.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In matters requiring a vote
at the annual meeting, each chapter is entitled to at
least 1 vote, and voting on all matters may be con-
ducted by mail, telephone, telegram, cablegram, elec-
tronic mail, or any other means of electronic or tele-
phone transmission, provided that the person voting
shall state, or submit information from which it can
be determined, that the method of voting chosen was
authorized by such person.
‘‘(2) 
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
NUMBER
OF
VOTES.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The board of gov-
ernors shall determine on an equitable basis the
number of votes that each chapter is entitled to
178
Chairman LANTOS. As my colleagues know, in the aftermath of 
September 11 and the catastrophic hurricane season of 2005, the 
American National Red Cross undertook a top-to-bottom govern-
ance audit. This comprehensive study led to recommendations re-
garding the Red Cross, which were described to us at a recent 
hearing by the chairwoman of the Red Cross and the chair of the 
audit. 
This markup is the next step in our legislative action in this re-
gard. The legislation before us today amends the Red Cross Char-
ter in a number of ways. 
First, the Board of Governors will be reduced to 25 members, or 
fewer, to streamline its decision-making process. The legislation 
will also require governors to be elected solely by delegates to the 
Red Cross Annual Meeting. The responsibilities for day-to-day op-
erations will be delegated to Red Cross management rather than 
to the board. 
Finally, the legislation requires the Red Cross to establish an Of-
fice of the Ombudsman, who will report to Congress to raise the 
profile of the whistleblower process for employees and volunteers 
and to make improvements to it. 
These changes will help promote the kind of leadership necessary 
to make Red Cross management and operation run dramatically 
more smoothly than we have seen in the past. 
Chairman LANTOS. I strongly support this legislation, urge all of 
my colleagues to do so, and I am pleased to yield now to our distin-
guished ranking member for any comments she might want to 
make. 
Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Thank you so much, Mr. Chairman, and I 
am also pleased to join you as an original co-sponsor of the Amer-
ican Red Cross Governance Modernization Act of 2007. As all of us 
know, the American Red Cross stands alone as an institution with 
a unique status. It has been assigned the responsibility by the 
United States Congress of fulfilling the obligations of the United 
States under the Geneva Convention for carrying out peacetime 
disaster-relief functions. 
This obligation has not been a small undertaking. The Red Cross 
has been helping victims of war and natural disasters since its 
founding in 1881. On January 12, 2006, the Red Cross reported 
that it had raised $2 billion for Hurricane Katrina relief alone, the 
largest sum of money ever raised by one charity. 
As a Member of Congress from Florida’s 18th District, I am well 
aware of the wonderful work that the Red Cross has done in re-
sponding to numerous hurricanes and tropical storms that have af-
fected the residents of my congressional district. I am proud of the 
hard work that the Red Cross has done to review its internal gov-
ernance structures and proposed changes to its charter that will re-
form the organization and will bring it into the next 100 years of 
service. 
I am pleased that the Red Cross was willing to accept proposed 
changes that will provide accountability and transparency in the 
manner in which it reports its finding as to audits and investiga-
tions to the public. The Red Cross has provided this committee 
with answers to the questions I presented during our recent hear-
ing, to my great satisfaction, on these issues. And, Mr. Chairman,
179
I have enjoyed working with you on this and so many other pieces 
of legislation before our committee, and I urge my colleagues to 
unanimously support H.R. 1681. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 
Chairman LANTOS. I thank my friend from Florida. I understand 
my colleague from Texas, Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee, has 
an amendment. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I have 
two amendments. I have number one at the desk, which I would 
like to offer at this time. 
Chairman LANTOS. The clerk will report. 
Ms. RUSH. Amendment to H.R. 1681 offered by Ms. Jackson Lee 
of Texas: Insert after Section 2[a][5][H] ‘‘Section I,’’ ensuring the 
chapters——
Chairman LANTOS. The amendment will be considered as read, 
and I recognize Ms. Jackson Lee. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. I thank the chairman very much. Let me, first 
of all, thank the chairman and the ranking member for this enor-
mously thoughtful legislation and, as well, indicate my apprecia-
tion for the honesty and the forthrightness of the Red Cross to look 
anew in the 21st century how it could be the most responsible 
agency of relief that it has been in years past. I also want to ac-
knowledge the witness that appeared, the chairwoman of the 
board, who was very open in her testimony, Mr. Lantos. 
My amendment is simple, and it comes from firsthand experi-
ence, having welcomed into Houston thousands upon thousands of 
Katrina evacuees and listening to their stories, as well as the sto-
ries of our local community and faith-based organizations that 
sought to collaborate with the Red Cross, but there was no real 
structure to do so. 
After and during the time that we were sheltering a number of 
these evacuees, the Red Cross came to Houston and indicated, in 
essence, teach us how we can work with these many volunteer or-
ganizations that we have not worked with before. 
This amendment is simple. It simply reinforces the Red Cross’ 
new commitment to work with local community and other organiza-
tions and to commit themselves to communicate with them. In a 
time of need and tragedy, the more we can have an organized re-
sponse, the better off those who are suffering will be, and this 
amendment simply encourages the Red Cross, along with its other 
restructuring, to ensure a strong hand of collaboration in our local 
communities. I ask my colleagues to support this amendment. 
[The information referred to follows:]
Amendment to H.R. 1681 Offered by Ms. Jackson-Lee of Texas 
Insert after Sec. 2(b)(4):
‘‘(5) while The American National Red Cross is and will remain a Federally 
chartered instrumentality of the United States, and it has the rights and obliga-
tions consistent with that status, The American National Red Cross neverthe-
less should maintain appropriate communications and collaborations with local, 
community, and faith-based non-profit organizations, including those organiza-
tions that work within minority communities.’’
Chairman LANTOS. The amendment has been cleared by both 
sides. If there are no additional comments, I put the amendment 
to a vote. All of those in favor, say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.]
180
Chairman LANTOS. Opposed, nay. 
[Pause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The amendment carries. 
Ms. Jackson Lee. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, very much. I have 
an amendment at the desk, number two. 
Chairman LANTOS. The clerk will report the amendment. 
Ms. RUSH. Amendment to H.R. 1681, offered by Ms. Jackson Lee 
of Texas: ‘‘Insert after Section 2[b][4]—’’
Chairman LANTOS. The amendment will be considered as read, 
and I recognize Ms. Jackson Lee. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. Let me thank the distinguished chairman, and 
I will briefly say I applaud the reordering of the Red Cross Board. 
It is a smaller board. I think it will be, if you will, a leaner, effec-
tive, working machine. This amendment simply asks that, as they 
look to place persons on the board, that they will ensure that there 
will be diversity geographically and regionally so that we have the 
full voice of America working with the Red Cross of America as it 
goes forth into the 21st century. 
[The information referred to follows:]
Amendment to H.R. 1681 Offered by Ms. Jackson-Lee of Texas 
Insert after Sec. 2(a)(5)(H):
‘‘(I) ensuring the chapters of the corporation are geographically and regionally 
diverse;’’
And redesignate the subsequent paragraphs accordingly.
Chairman LANTOS. This amendment has also been cleared by 
both sides, and if there are no comments, I put the question, all 
of those in favor of the amendment will say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.] 
Chairman LANTOS. Opposed, nay. 
[Pause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. The amendment is agreed to. 
Are there any other amendments? 
[No response.] 
Chairman LANTOS. If not, the question occurs on the motion to 
report the bill favorably, as amended. All in favor, say aye. 
[A chorus of ayes.] 
Chairman LANTOS. Opposed, say no. The ayes have it, and the 
motion to report favorably is adopted. 
Without objection, the bill will be reported as a single amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute incorporating the amendments 
adopted by the committee, and the staff is directed to make any 
technical and conforming amendments. 
Mr. Flake. 
Mr. FLAKE. I would just like to submit a statement for the record 
with regard to this bill. I am glad that it has gone through. I was 
pleased to have introduced the Geneva Distinctive—Act in the last 
Congress, right near the end, that President Bush signed into law 
this year. This is an important step for the Red Cross, and I think 
the reforms here are wise and overdue. Thanks. 
Chairman LANTOS. I thank my friend.
181
Before we adjourn, I would like to recognize Dr. Douglas 
Gwatidzo, who testified last week before the Human Rights Caucus 
on the current crisis in Zimbabwe. 
Two weeks ago, Zimbabwe security forces were ordered to attack 
a peaceful, public prayer meeting. Members of the opposition, reli-
gious leaders, and civil society members were brutally assaulted, 
and several were killed. Dr. Gwatidzo attended to many of the 
physically broken in his emergency clinic and bravely came forward 
to tell his story. He is a hero to the people of Zimbabwe and to 
those of us in Congress who follow the Zimbabwe situation closely. 
Dr. Gwatidzo is the chairperson of the Zimbabwe Association of 
Doctors for Human Rights, which was founded in 2002. After com-
pleting his medical training in 1987, he worked in public hospitals 
in Herare. He then served as an Army medical officer from 1990 
to 1994, before joining a private hospital where he currently works 
in the casualty department as an accident and emergency practi-
tioner. 
Dr. Gwatidzo is one of the founding members of the organization, 
and he spearheaded the health and human rights movement in 
Zimbabwe. He has served as chairperson of this most important 
human rights body for the past 2 years. 
I want to salute him and the 200 Zimbabwean doctors and other 
health professionals who promote human rights and who assist and 
protect victims of organized violence and torture. If you will please 
stand. 
[Applause.] 
Chairman LANTOS. We are grateful for your presence, and we 
want to express our bipartisan solidarity with the people of 
Zimbabwe who are attempting to create a civilized and humane so-
ciety, and I yield to my friend, the ranking member, or my good 
friend from New Jersey, Mr. Smith. 
Mr. SMITH OF NEW JERSEY. Thank you so very much, Mr. Chair-
man. I want to associate my remarks, in the strongest possible 
way, with your statements with regard to Zimbabwe and the most 
recent outrages that have occurred there. 
As you know, the committee has been focusing on this issue for 
some time, and, as you point out in your resolution, and I am very 
glad that you have brought this to the committee, there have been 
about 2.4 million people who have been literally thrown out of their 
homes, their homes bulldozed. They have been mistreated. People 
have died from preventable diseases. 
The government has used every means of suppression, every tool 
that they could possibly muster, to crush those who disagree with 
Mugabe’s regime. The doctor and others who have been so brave 
in standing up deserve not only recognition but certainly our ap-
plause and our prayers and our hopes for a better day in 
Zimbabwe. 
So, Mr. Chairman, I want to thank you for this resolution. This 
is truly an important statement to be made right now by this Con-
gress. I yield back. 
Chairman LANTOS. I thank my friend from New Jersey, who is 
an indefatigable fighter for human rights across the globe, and I 
thank you, sir, for honoring us with your presence. We stand with 
the people of Zimbabwe against this dictatorial and brutal regime.
182
Mr. Flake. 
Mr. FLAKE. I just wanted to add my voice as well to this. I had 
the privilege of living in Zimbabwe 6 months in my life, and I just 
want to say to you, thank you for being here. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Chairman? 
Chairman LANTOS. Yes. Ms. Sheila Jackson Lee. 
Ms. JACKSON LEE. Mr. Chairman, let me, to the doctor, know 
that many of us know Zimbabwe through the struggle of apartheid. 
We had great hopes and dreams for your great and beautiful nation 
that I have spent time in and, really, for your leader. We know how 
difficult it is for you to look at an elderly icon, who, in years past, 
had such respect. We know how difficult it is for you to stand up, 
and we applaud you because the voices have to be heard that there 
has to be a change for the better in Zimbabwe, and I offer to you 
our greatest support as we make this journey together. 
So thank you very much. I thank my colleagues and your pres-
ence in this room today. 
Chairman LANTOS. Thank you. Any other colleague? If not, wel-
come again, and this hearing is adjourned. 
[Whereupon, at 11:30 a.m., the committee was adjourned.]
(183)
A P P E N D I X 
MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE HEARING RECORD
PREPARED STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE ELIOT L. ENGEL, A REPRESENTATIVE IN 
CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND CHAIRMAN, SUBCOMMITTEE ON 
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE 
H.R. 1405, WILDLIFE GAINS ACT OF 2007
Mr. Chairman, I would like to add my support for H.R. 1405, the Wildlife Global 
Animal Information Network for Surveillance Act of 2007. 
As you may know, more than 60 percent of the approximately 1,400 infectious dis-
eases currently known to modern medicine are shared between humans and ani-
mals. 
Just in the past 15 years we have seen outbreaks of Hantavirus, plague, Ebola 
virus, Nipah virus, West Nile virus, SARS, Monkeypox, and H5N1 influenza. 
All of these serious threats to public health have one thing in common—they can 
move from wild animals to people. 
We have moved rapidly to address threats from a bird flu pandemic around the 
world and here in the United States. 
But the work is far from complete. The response to bird flu has made it clear that 
the US Government lacks a comprehensive, coordinated approach to monitoring 
emerging diseases and predicting when disease activity might spike into a full 
blown pandemic. 
Our Government also lacks a comprehensive program to monitor wildlife health 
around the world, one that could proactively inform preparedness not just in the 
case of a potential bird flu pandemic, but for a broader array of emerging infectious 
disease threats that often arise at the interface between wildlife, people, and their 
domestic animals. 
To address this gap in our preparedness efforts, to better protect public health, 
agricultural productivity, the environment and our economy, we need a global net-
work for wildlife health surveillance which will assist in predicting and combating 
the spread of emerging diseases to the US and other countries. 
That is why I am supporting the Wildlife Global Animal Information Network for 
Surveillance (GAINS) Act and I urge our Committee to favorably report the measure 
today.
Æ