I 
117TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3542 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain types of human- 
animal chimeras. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 25, 2021 
Mr. SMITH of New Jersey (for himself, Mr. HARRIS, Mrs. FISCHBACH, Mr. 
BABIN, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. STEUBE, Mr. KELLY of Mis-
sissippi, Mr. DAVIDSON, Mr. ADERHOLT, Mr. GOHMERT, Mr. CRAWFORD, 
Mr. JOHNSON of Ohio, Mr. ROY, Mr. FORTENBERRY, Mr. WEBER of 
Texas, Mr. GOOD of Virginia, and Mr. VAN DREW) introduced the fol-
lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit certain 
types of human-animal chimeras. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Human-Animal Chi-
mera Prohibition Act of 2021’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
16:11 Jul 14, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3542.IH
H3542
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(F) an embryo containing at least haploid 
sets of chromosomes from both a human and a 
nonhuman life form; 
‘‘(G) a nonhuman life form engineered 
such that human gametes develop within the 
body of a nonhuman life form; 
‘‘(H) a nonhuman life form engineered 
such that it contains a human brain or a brain 
derived wholly or predominantly from human 
neural tissues; 
‘‘(I) a nonhuman life form engineered such 
that it exhibits human facial features or other 
bodily morphologies to resemble human fea-
tures; or 
‘‘(J) an embryo produced by mixing 
human and nonhuman cells, such that— 
‘‘(i) human gametes develop within 
the body of the resultant organism; 
‘‘(ii) it contains a human brain or a 
brain derived wholly or predominantly from 
human neural tissues; or 
‘‘(iii) it exhibits human facial features 
or other bodily morphologies to resemble 
human features. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
16:11 Jul 14, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3542.IH
H3542
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(2) HUMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human em-
bryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapi-
ens during the earliest stages of development, from 
1 cell up to 8 weeks. 
‘‘§ 1132. Prohibition on certain human-animal chi-
meras 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per-
son to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate com-
merce— 
‘‘(1) create or attempt to create a prohibited 
human-animal chimera; 
‘‘(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human 
embryo into a nonhuman womb; 
‘‘(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non-
human embryo into a human womb; or 
‘‘(4) transport or receive for any purpose a pro-
hibited human-animal chimera. 
‘‘(b) PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection 
(a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 
more than 10 years, or both. 
‘‘(2) CIVIL
PENALTY.—Whoever violates sub-
section (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such vio-
lation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
16:11 Jul 14, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3542.IH
H3542
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount 
of the gross gain multiplied by 2. 
‘‘(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—This section does 
not prohibit research involving the use of transgenic ani-
mal models containing human genes or transplantation of 
human organs, tissues, or cells into recipient animals, if 
such activities are not prohibited under subsection (a).’’. 
SEC. 3. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 
The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to chapter 51 the following: 
‘‘52. Certain types of human-animal chimeras prohibited.’’. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
16:11 Jul 14, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H3542.IH
H3542
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS