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(4) such efforts will help the Federal Govern-
ment, which is one of the largest users of surveil-
lance technology, in detecting, deterring, preventing, 
and responding to terrorist attacks. 
SEC. 415. HOMELAND SECURITY SCIENCE AND TECH-
NOLOGY FELLOWS PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Homeland Secu-
rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) is further amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 324. HOMELAND SECURITY SCIENCE AND TECH-
NOLOGY FELLOWS PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) 
ESTABLISHMENT.—The 
Secretary, 
acting 
through the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, 
shall establish a fellows program, to be known as the 
Homeland Security Science and Technology Fellows Pro-
gram, under which the Under Secretary shall facilitate the 
temporary placement of scientists in relevant scientific or 
technological fields for up to two years in components of 
the Department with a need for scientific and techno-
logical expertise. 
‘‘(b) UTILIZATION OF FELLOWS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Under the Program, the 
Under Secretary may employ fellows— 
‘‘(A) for the use of the Directorate of 
Science and Technology; or 
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‘‘(B) for the use of Department compo-
nents outside the Directorate, under an agree-
ment with the head of such a component under 
which the component will reimburse the Direc-
torate for the costs of such employment. 
‘‘(2) 
RESPONSIBILITIES.—Under 
such 
an 
agreement— 
‘‘(A) the Under Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) solicit and accept applications 
from individuals who are currently enrolled 
in graduate programs, or have received a 
graduate degree within 3 years prior to the 
time of application in scientific and engi-
neering fields related to the promotion of 
securing the homeland, including— 
‘‘(I) biological, chemical, physical, 
behavioral, social, health, medical, and 
computational sciences; 
‘‘(II) geosciences; 
‘‘(III) all fields of engineering; 
and 
‘‘(IV) such other disciplines as 
are determined relevant by the Sec-
retary; 
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‘‘(ii) screen applicant candidates and 
interview them as appropriate to ensure 
that they possess the appropriate level of 
scientific and engineering expertise and 
qualifications; 
‘‘(iii) provide a list of qualified appli-
cants to the heads of Department compo-
nents seeking to utilize qualified fellows; 
‘‘(iv) pay financial compensation to 
such fellows; 
‘‘(v) coordinate with the Chief Secu-
rity Officer to facilitate and expedite provi-
sion of security clearances to fellows, as 
appropriate; and 
‘‘(vi) otherwise administer all aspects 
of the fellows’ employment with the De-
partment; and 
‘‘(B) the head of the component utilizing 
the fellow shall— 
‘‘(i) select a fellow from the list of 
qualified applicants provided by the Under 
Secretary; 
‘‘(ii) reimburse the Under Secretary 
for the costs of employing the fellow se-
lected; and 
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‘‘(iii) be responsible for the day-to-day 
management of the fellow. 
‘‘(c) APPLICATIONS
FROM
ASSOCIATIONS.—The 
Under Secretary may accept applications under subsection 
(b)(2)(A) that are submitted by science or policy associa-
tions on behalf of individuals whom such an association 
has determined may be qualified applicants under the pro-
gram.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
in section 1(b) of such Act is further amended by adding 
at the end of the items relating to title III the following 
new item: 
‘‘Sec. 324. Homeland Security Science and Technology Fellows Program.’’. 
SEC. 416. BIOLOGICAL THREAT AGENT ASSAY EQUIVA-
LENCY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III (6 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) 
is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
section: 
‘‘SEC. 325. BIOLOGICAL THREAT AGENT ASSAY EQUIVA-
LENCY PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—To facilitate equivalent biological 
threat agent identification among federally operated bio-
monitoring programs, the Under Secretary, in consulta-
tion with other relevant Federal agencies, may implement 
an assay equivalency program for biological threat assays. 
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‘‘(b) FEATURES.—In order to establish assay per-
formance equivalency to support homeland security and 
public health security decisions, the program may— 
‘‘(1) evaluate biological threat detection assays, 
their protocols for use, and their associated response 
algorithms for confirmation of biological threat 
agents, taking performance measures and concepts 
of operation into consideration; and 
‘‘(2) develop assay equivalency standards based 
on the findings of the evaluation under paragraph 
(1). 
‘‘(c) UPDATE.—The Under Secretary shall update 
the program as necessary. 
‘‘(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) require implementation of the standards 
developed under subsection (b)(2) for all Depart-
ment biomonitoring programs; and 
‘‘(2) make such standards available to support 
all other Federal biomonitoring programs. 
‘‘(e) ASSAY DEFINED.—In this section the term 
‘assay’ means any scientific test that is— 
‘‘(1) designed to detect the presence of a bio-
logical threat agent; and 
‘‘(2) of a type selected under criteria estab-
lished by the Secretary.’’. 
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(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
in section 1(b) is further amended by adding at the end 
of the items relating to title III the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 325. Biological threat agent assay equivalency program.’’. 
SEC. 417. STUDY OF FEASIBILITY AND BENEFIT OF EX-
PANDING OR ESTABLISHING PROGRAM TO 
CREATE A NEW CYBERSECURITY CAPACITY 
BUILDING TRACK AT CERTAIN INSTITUTIONS 
OF HIGHER EDUCATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Within 90 days of enactment, the 
Secretary, in coordination with the National Science 
Foundation, shall commission a study by a nonprofit re-
search institution to determine the feasibility and potential 
benefit of expanding the Federal Cyber Service Scholar-
ship for Service Program, or establishing a parallel pro-
gram, as methods to create a new cybersecurity or infor-
mation assurance capacity building track at institutions 
of higher education that are not currently designated as 
a National Center of Academic Excellence in Information 
Assurance Education or a National Center of Academic 
Excellence in Research. 
(b) SUBJECT MATTERS.—The study under sub-
section (a) shall include examinations of the following: 
(1) The feasibility and potential benefit of al-
lowing the following types of institutions into the ex-
isting Federal Cyber Service program: 
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(A) Community colleges. 
(B) Institutions offering an undergraduate 
degree, graduate degree, or post-graduate de-
gree, but do not qualify under the existing pro-
gram. 
(C) Institutions offering a certificate or in-
dustry-recognized credential. 
(2) The feasibility and potential benefit of es-
tablishing a new program modeled after the Federal 
Cyber Service program to build capacity at— 
(A) community colleges; 
(B) institutions offering an undergraduate 
degree, graduate degree, or post-graduate de-
gree, but do not qualify under the existing pro-
gram; or 
(C) institutions offering a certificate or in-
dustry-recognized credential. 
(3) The projected extent to which an expansion 
of the existing Federal Cyber Service program as de-
scribed in paragraph (1) would— 
(A) expand the availability of qualified in-
dividuals to work in information assurance and 
cybersecurity within the Department and other 
Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, and 
the private sector; 
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(B) encourage institutions of higher edu-
cation to develop a new information assurance 
or cybersecurity education undergraduate de-
gree programs, graduate degree programs, or 
programs conferring a certificate or industry- 
recognized credential; 
(C) increase the number of students grad-
uating annually from existing information as-
surance or cybersecurity education under-
graduate degree programs, graduate degree 
programs, or programs conferring a certificate 
or industry-recognized credential; or 
(D) improve existing information assur-
ance or cybersecurity education undergraduate 
degree programs, graduate degree programs, or 
programs conferring a certificate or industry- 
recognized credential. 
(4) The projected extent to which the establish-
ment of a new program modeled after the Federal 
Cyber Service program as described in paragraph 
(2) would— 
(A) expand the availability of qualified in-
dividuals to work in information assurance and 
cybersecurity within the Department and other 
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Federal, State, local, and tribal agencies, and 
the private sector; 
(B) encourage institutions of higher edu-
cation to develop a new information assurance 
or cybersecurity education undergraduate de-
gree programs, graduate degree programs, or 
programs conferring a certificate or industry- 
recognized credential; 
(C) increase the number of students grad-
uating annually from existing information as-
surance or cybersecurity education under-
graduate degree programs, graduate degree 
programs, or programs conferring a certificate 
or industry-recognized credential; or 
(D) improve existing information assur-
ance or cybersecurity education undergraduate 
degree programs, graduate degree programs, or 
programs conferring a certificate or industry- 
recognized credential. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after receiving 
the findings of the study, the Secretary shall transmit the 
findings, together with any comments thereon by the Sec-
retary, to the appropriate congressional committees. 
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SEC. 418. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING CENTERS OF 
EXCELLENCE. 
It is the sense of Congress that centers of excellence 
have the potential— 
(1) to be a very useful tool in developing defen-
sive countermeasures to secure critical infrastructure 
and prevent terrorism; and 
(2) to play a key role in the Department’s ef-
forts to research and develop new technologies to se-
cure the homeland. 
SEC. 419. ASSESSMENT, RESEARCH, TESTING, AND EVALUA-
TION OF TECHNOLOGIES TO MITIGATE THE 
THREAT OF SMALL VESSEL ATTACK. 
The Under Secretary may— 
(1) assess what technologies are available to 
mitigate the threat of small vessel attack in secure 
zones of ports, including the use of transponders or 
radio frequency identification devices to track small 
vessels; and 
(2) conduct research, testing, and evaluation of 
new technologies that might be capable of tracking 
small vessels. 
SEC. 420. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. 
Section 831 (6 U.S.C. 391) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘2010,’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2012,’’; 
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(2) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) PRIOR APPROVAL.—In any case in which 
the Under Secretary for Science and Technology in-
tends to exercise other transaction authority, the 
Under Secretary must receive prior approval from 
the Secretary after submitting to the Secretary a 
proposal that includes the rationale for why a grant 
or contract issued in accordance with the Federal 
Acquisition Regulation is not feasible or appropriate 
and the amount to be expended for such project. In 
such a case, the authority for evaluating the pro-
posal may not be delegated by the Secretary to any-
one other than the Under Secretary for Manage-
ment.’’; and 
(3) by redesignating subsection (e) as sub-
section (i), and by inserting after subsection (d) the 
following new subsections: 
‘‘(e) ANNUAL REPORT
ON EXERCISE
OF OTHER 
TRANSACTION AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees an an-
nual report on the exercise of other transaction au-
thority. 
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‘‘(2) CONTENT.—The report shall include the 
following: 
‘‘(A) The subject areas in which research 
projects were conducted using other transaction 
authority. 
‘‘(B) The extent of cost-sharing for such 
projects 
among 
Federal 
and 
non-Federal 
sources. 
‘‘(C) The extent to which use of other 
transaction authority has addressed a homeland 
security capability gap identified by the Depart-
ment. 
‘‘(D) The total amount of payments, if 
any, that were received by the Federal Govern-
ment as a result of such exercise of other trans-
action authority during the period covered by 
the report. 
‘‘(E) The rationale for using other trans-
action authority, including why grants or con-
tracts issued in accordance with the Federal 
Acquisition Regulation were not feasible or ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(F) the amount expended for each such 
project. 
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