of the requester) and its verification code for not less than
2 years, and shall accommodate devices that read the en-
coding incorporated by a card issued under section 401(b)
or 401(c).
(e) ABUSE OF SYSTEM.—The use of the telephone
verification system established by subsection (d) by a per-
son other than—
(1) an employer acting pursuant to section
274A(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act,
or
(2) an officer or employee of an agency of the
United States or of any State acting in the perform-
ance of official duties, shall be punishable by a fine
of not more than $1,000 per occurrence.
SEC. 403. UNIFORM VITAL STATISTICS.
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall
consult with the State agencies responsible for registration
and certification of births and deaths and, within 2 years
of the date of enactment of this Act, shall establish a na-
tional electronic network linking the vital statistics records
of such States. The network shall provide, where practical,
for the matching of deaths with births and shall enable
the confirmation of births and deaths of citizens of the
United States, or of aliens within the United States, by
any Federal or State agency or official in the performance
of official duties. The Secretary shall institute measures
to achieve uniform and accurate reporting of vital statis-
tics into the national network, to protect the integrity of
the registration and certification process, and to prevent
fraud against the Government and other persons through
the use of false birth or death certificates.
SEC. 404. EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.
Section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1324a) is amended—
(1) in subsection (h)(3), by striking ‘‘or by the
Attorney General’’; and
(2) by adding the following sentence at the end
of subsection (h)(3): ‘‘The Attorney General shall
not authorize any alien who has not lawfully immi-
grated to the United States to be employed in the
United States or to carry on any trade or business
within the United States unless (A) the alien has a
lawfully obtained visa for a nonimmigrant status
that explicitly contemplates such performance of
services or such carrying on of a trade or business
within the United States, or (B) such authorization
is explicitly permitted by this Act.’’.
TITLE V—STATE AND LOCAL
RESPONSIBILITIES
SEC. 501. LOCAL COOPERATION.
If the Attorney General certifies that any State or
local government or agency, or any elected or appointed
officer or employee thereof in the exercise of the individ-
ual’s official duties, has announced or practiced a policy
of refusing to cooperate with Federal immigration authori-
ties with respect to the identification, location, arrest,
prosecution, detention, or deportation of an alien or aliens
who are not lawfully present in the United States or a
policy of disregarding any Federal law or regulation relat-
ing to the denial of benefits to any class of aliens, then,
from the date that such certification is published in the
Federal Register until the date that the Attorney General
certifies that the policy has been retracted, that State or
local government or agency will not be eligible for any
Federal funds or assistance relating to law enforcement,
education, public health, transportation, or public works.
SEC. 502. NOTIFICATION OF ALIEN ARREST.
Whenever a law enforcement agency of any State or
subdivision thereof that receives Federal funds arrests an
alien for the commission of a crime, that agency shall
promptly provide notice of the alien’s identity and the cir-
cumstances of his arrest to the District Director of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service for the district in
which the alien is being held or, if the alien is not being
held, for the district in which the alien was arrested.
SEC. 503. IMMIGRATION-RELATED COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) FREEDOM OF COMMUNICATION.—Notwithstand-
ing any other provision of law, no State or local govern-
ment or agency or employee thereof shall be prohibited
or prevented in any way from communicating with the Im-
migration and Naturalization Service regarding the immi-
gration status of an alien.
(b) CONFIDENTIALITY OF COMMUNICATIONS.—
(1) Any officer or employee of the United
States, who by virtue of his employment or official
position receives or learns of a communication de-
scribed in subsection (a), is prohibited from disclos-
ing to any person who is not an employee or officer
of the United States information about an individual
that was included in such communication other than
pursuant to the administration and enforcement of
the (A) Immigration and Nationality Act and other
laws of the United States regulating the admission,
presence, and departure of aliens, and (B) any
criminal law of the United States or of the several
States.
(2) Any officer or employee of the United
States who knowingly makes a disclosure prohibited
by this subsection shall be guilty of a misdemeanor
and fined not more than $1,000 per disclosure.
SEC. 504. LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE.
(a) Section 3041 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding after the first comma in the first sen-
tence ‘‘including entry into, or presence within, the United
States in violation of any United States law regulating im-
migration,’’.
(b) Section 103 of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1103) is amended by adding at the end the
following new subsection:
‘‘(e)(1) The Attorney General may deputize any law
enforcement officer of any State or of any political subdivi-
sion of any State to seek, apprehend, detain, and commit
to the custody of an officer of the Department of Justice
aliens who have violated or are reasonably suspected to
have violated the provisions of this Act and to conduct
investigations with respect to any such violations or sus-
pected violations, if—
‘‘(1) actions pursuant to such deputization are
subject to the direction and supervision of an officer
of the Department of Justice;
‘‘(2) the duration of any such deputization is
not more than 2 years, subject to extensions or re-
newals at the discretion of the Attorney General
which shall not exceed 2 years;
‘‘(3) any deputization, its duration, an identi-
fication of the supervising officer of the Department
of Justice, and the specific powers, privileges, and
duties to be performed or exercised are set forth in
writing; and
‘‘(4) the Governor of the State, or the chief
elected or appointed official of a political subdivision
(as may be appropriate) consents to the deputiza-
tion.
‘‘(2) No deputization under this subsection shall enti-
tle any State, political subdivision, or individual to any
compensation or reimbursement from the United States,
except where the amount thereof and the entitlement
thereto are set forth in the written deputization or where
otherwise explicitly provided by law.’’.
TITLE VI—PUBLIC BENEFITS
ABUSE
SEC. 601. PROHIBITION OF BENEFITS TO CERTAIN ALIENS.
(a) FEDERAL
BENEFITS.—Notwithstanding any
other provision of law, no direct Federal financial benefit
or social insurance benefit may be provided to any alien.
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—The prohibition of subsection (a)
shall not apply to—
(1) medical treatment of children;
(2) medical treatment of adults for conditions
that, if not treated promptly, would endanger the
alien’s life, leave the alien in severe pain, result in
the alien’s prolonged physical disability, or pose a
serious public health risk; or
(3) educational benefits for alien children at
any time after their admission as permanent resi-
dents, parolees, asylees, or refugees.
(c) UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS.—No alien shall be
eligible for unemployment compensation under an unem-
ployment compensation law of the United States or any
State.
SEC. 602. EXCLUSION OF ALIENS LIKELY TO BECOME PUB-
LIC CHARGES.
Section 212(a) of the Immigration and Nationality
Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)) is amended by striking paragraph
(4) and inserting:
‘‘(4) PUBLIC CHARGE.—Any alien who cannot
demonstrate to the consular officer at the time of
application for a visa, or to the Attorney General at
the time of application for admission or adjustment
of status, that, taking into account the alien’s age
and medical condition, the alien has assets, edu-
cation, skills, or a combination thereof that make it
very unlikely that the alien will become eligible for
means-tested public assistance of any kind (includ-
ing, but not limited to, medical care or food and
housing assistance) or will otherwise become a public
charge is excludable.’’.
SEC. 603. FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF IMMIGRANT
SPONSORS.
Section 213 of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1183) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘SEC. 213. FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SPONSORS.
‘‘(a) An alien excludable under paragraph (4) of sec-
tion 212(a) may, if otherwise admissible, be admitted in
the discretion of the Attorney General upon the giving of
a guarantee of financial responsibility by an individual
(hereinafter in this section referred to as the alien’s ‘‘spon-
sor’’) who is not less than 21 nor more than 60 years of
age, is of good moral character, has never been convicted
of a felony, has never filed for bankruptcy or been adju-
dicated a bankrupt, and is a citizen of the United States.
‘‘(b) A guarantee of financial responsibility in sub-
section (a) shall provide (1) that the sponsor, and the
sponsor’s spouse if the sponsor is married, agree in the
case of an alien under 21 years of age, to assume legal
custody for the alien after the alien’s departure to the
United States and until the alien become 21 years of age,
in accordance with the law of the State where the sponsor
resides, and (2) that the sponsor agrees to furnish, during
the 10-year period beginning on the date of the alien’s
acquiring the status of an alien lawfully admitted for per-
manent residence, or during the period beginning on the
date of the alien’s acquiring the status of an alien lawfully
admitted for permanent residence and ending on the date
on which the alien becomes 21 years of age, whichever pe-
riod is longer, such financial support as is necessary to
preclude the alien’s need for means-tested public assist-
ance.
‘‘(c) A guarantee of financial responsibility given
under subsection (a) may be enforced with respect to an
alien by a civil suit against his sponsor by the Attorney
General, by any Federal or State agency that has provided
the alien means-tested public assistance of any kind, in-
cluding but not limited to medical, food, and housing as-
sistance, or by any citizen of the United States in accord-
ance with section 704 of the Immigration Reduction Act
of 1994.
‘‘(d) Civil suits under subsection (c) shall be brought
in the United States district court for the district in which
the defendant resides and may be brought at any time on
or before the date that is 5 years after the date on which
the sponsor’s period of financial responsibility under sub-
section (a) expired.’’.
SEC. 604. MEANS-TESTED BENEFITS.
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law,
the income and assets of an immigrant’s sponsor shall be
considered the income and assets of the immigrant for
purposes of determining the Federal benefit that is based
upon income or assets of the beneficiary.
TITLE VII—STRENGTHENING
CITIZENSHIP
SEC. 701. CONSTITUTIONAL CITIZENSHIP.
In the exercise of its powers under section 5 of the
Fourteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of
the United States, the Congress has determined and here-
by declares that any person born after the date of enact-
ment of this Act to a mother who is neither a citizen of
the United States nor admitted to the United States as
a lawful permanent resident, and which person is a na-
tional or citizen of another country of which either of his
or her natural parents is a national or citizen, or is enti-
tled upon application to become a national or citizen of
such country, shall be considered as born subject to the
jurisdiction of that foreign country and not subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States within the meaning of
section 1 of such Article and shall therefore not be a citi-
zen of the United States or of any State solely by reason
of birth within the United States.
SEC. 702. CONSTITUTIONAL VOTING PRIVILEGE.
In the exercise of its powers under section 5 of the
Fourteenth Article of Amendment to the Constitution of
the United States to enforce the prohibition of section 1
of such Article against the making or enforcing of any law
that shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States, the Congress determines that the
right of citizens to vote is a privilege of citizens of the
United States and that voting in elections of the United
States or of any State by persons who are not citizens
of the United States is an abridgement of that privilege.
It shall be unlawful, and a misdemeanor punishable by a
fine of not more than $1,000 and/or imprisonment of not
more than 30 days for each unlawful vote, for any person
who is not a citizen of the United States to vote in any
election to which the provisions of the Fifteenth, Nine-
teenth, Twenty-Fourth, or Twenty-Sixth Article of
Amendment to the Constitution applies or in any other
election, referendum, ballot, or other procedure of the
United States or of any State in which votes are taken.
Any vote that is cast in violation of this section shall be
null, void, and of no effect and shall not be counted.
SEC. 703. NATURALIZATION.
(a) REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-ELDERLY ALIENS.—
Section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8
U.S.C. 1423) is amended by—
(1) striking all that follows ‘‘this Act,’’ in para-
graph (1) and inserting ‘‘is over 65 years of age and
has been living in the United States for periods to-
taling at least 20 years subsequent to a lawful ad-
mission for permanent residence.’’;
(2) striking ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘applicant;’’ in para-
graph (1);
(3) striking ‘‘the period’’ after ‘‘United States’’
in subsection (2) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and
(4) adding the following sentence after para-
graph (2): ‘‘The demonstration required by this sec-
tion shall be made in the physical presence of an em-
ployee of the Immigration and Naturalization Serv-
ice.’’.
(b) GOOD MORAL CHARACTER REQUIREMENT.—Sec-
tion 316 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1427) is amended by adding the following sentence at the
end of subsection (a): ‘‘Action by the alien to commit a
fraud upon the Immigration and Naturalization Service
in connection with his own admission or to aid or abet
the commission of such a fraud by any other alien shall