I
103D CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 3765
To repeal the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and provide a policy framework
and authorities for programs to promote the prosperity and security
of the United States by supporting bilateral, multilateral, and people-
to-people partnerships for the advancement of market economies and
democracy.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FEBRUARY 2, 1994
Mr. HAMILTION (for himself and Mr. GILMAN) (both by request) introduced
the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
A BILL
To repeal the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and provide
a policy framework and authorities for programs to pro-
mote the prosperity and security of the United States
by supporting bilateral, multilateral, and people-to-people
partnerships for the advancement of market economies
and democracy.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Peace, Prosperity, and
Democracy Act of 1994’’.
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
Sec. 3. Statement of Policy.
TITLE I—SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1—SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES
Sec. 1101. Statement of policy.
Sec. 1102. Policies concerning sustainable development programs.
Sec. 1103. Voluntary cooperation in development.
Sec. 1104. Microenterprise and other credit programs.
Sec. 1105. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 2—DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA
Sec. 1201. Sustainable development programs for sub-Saharan Africa.
CHAPTER 3—ROLE OF RELATED PROGRAMS
Sec. 1301. Statement of policy regarding role of international financial institu-
tions.
Sec. 1302. Statement of policy regarding role of Peace Corps.
Sec. 1303. Statement of policy regarding role of African Development and
Inter-American Foundations.
Sec. 1304. Statement of policy regarding role of Public Law 480 nonemergency
title II and title III programs.
TITLE II—BUILDING DEMOCRACY
Sec. 2001. Findings and statement of policy.
CHAPTER 1—PROMOTING DEMOCRACY
Subchapter A—Countries in Transition
Sec. 2101. Authority.
Sec. 2102. Objectives and types of assistance.
Sec. 2103. Availability of funds; authorities.
Subchapter B—Independent States of the Former Soviet Union
Sec. 2201. Statement of policy.
Sec. 2202. Availability of funds.
Subchapter C—Central and Eastern Europe
Sec. 2301. Statement of policy.
Sec. 2302. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 2—INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE
Sec. 2401. Policy.
TITLE III—PROMOTING PEACE
Sec. 3001. Statement of policy.
CHAPTER 1—PEACEKEEPING AND RELATED PROGRAMS
Sec. 3101. Statement of policy.
Sec. 3102. General authority.
Sec. 3103. Drawdown authorities.
CHAPTER 2—NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT FUND
Sec. 3201. Statement of policy.
Sec. 3202. Provision of assistance.
Sec. 3203. Availability of funds.
Sec. 3204. Drawdown authorities.
CHAPTER 3—REGIONAL PEACE, SECURITY AND DEFENSE COOPERATION
Sec. 3301. Statement of policy.
Sec. 3302. Authority and purposes.
Sec. 3303. Considerations in providing defense cooperation assistance.
Sec. 3304. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 4—INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING, TERRORISM AND
CRIME PREVENTION
Sec. 3401. Statement of policy.
Sec. 3402. Authorities.
Sec. 3403. Provisions related to anti-narcotics programs.
Sec. 3404. Provisions related to law enforcement training.
Sec. 3405. Waiver of certain restrictions on assistance.
Sec. 3406. Availability of funds.
TITLE IV—PROVIDING HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
Sec. 4001. Statement of policy.
CHAPTER 1—REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
Sec. 4101. Statement of policy and purposes.
Sec. 4102. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 2—DISASTER ASSISTANCE
Sec. 4201. Policy.
Sec. 4202. Authority to provide assistance.
Sec. 4203. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 3—EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE
Sec. 4301. Statement of policy regarding emergency food assistance under Pub-
lic Law 480, title II.
TITLE V—PROMOTING GROWTH THROUGH TRADE AND
INVESTMENT
Sec. 5001. Statement of policy.
CHAPTER 1—OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
Sec. 5101. Purpose and policy.
Sec. 5102. Investment insurance, financing, and other programs.
Sec. 5103. Enhancing private political risk insurance industry.
Sec. 5104. Issuing authority and reserves.
Sec. 5105. Guidelines and requirements for OPIC support.
CHAPTER 2—TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
Sec. 5201. Purposes.
Sec. 5202. Authority to provide assistance.
Sec. 5203. Availability of funds.
CHAPTER 3—ROLE OF RELATED PROGRAMS
Sec. 5301. Statement of policy regarding role of Public Law 480 title I pro-
grams.
Sec. 5302. Statement of policy regarding role of export-import bank.
TITLE VI—ADVANCING DIPLOMACY
Sec. 6001. Statement of policy.
TITLE VII—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES, RESTRICTIONS ON
ASSISTANCE, AND REPORTS
CHAPTER 1—SPECIAL AUTHORITIES
Sec. 7101. Authority to transfer between accounts.
Sec. 7102. Special waiver authority.
Sec. 7103. Unanticipated contingencies.
Sec. 7104. Assistance for law enforcement agencies.
Sec. 7105. Termination expenses.
Sec. 7106. Exemption of assistance through nongovernmental organizations
from restrictions.
Sec. 7107. Exemption of training activities from prohibitions.
Sec. 7108. Nonapplicability to defense assistance of certain neutrality act provi-
sions.
Sec. 7109. Exemption from prohibitions for assistance to address certain spe-
cial needs.
Sec. 7110. Authority to conduct reimbursable programs.
Sec. 7111. Drawdown authority.
Sec. 7112. Interest accruing to nongovernmental organizations.
Sec. 7113. Development education.
Sec. 7114. Strengthening the capacity of nongovernmental organizations, in-
cluding research and educational institutions.
Sec. 7115. Violations of international humanitarian law.
Sec. 7116. Laws relating to contracts and government expenditures.
Sec. 7117. Transportation charges incurred by the Red Cross and nongovern-
mental organizations.
CHAPTER 2—RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE
Sec. 7201. Ineligible countries.
Sec. 7202. Impact of foreign assistance programs on jobs in the United States.
Sec. 7203. Family planning activities.
Sec. 7204. Competition with United States exports.
Sec. 7205. Nuclear nonproliferation.
Sec. 7206. Major illicit drug producing and drug transit countries.
Sec. 7207. Assistance for elections.
Sec. 7208. Assignment of personnel.
Sec. 7209. Assistance limited to economic programs.
Sec. 7210. Impact of sustainable development assistance on environment and
natural resources.
CHAPTER 3—REPORTS AND NOTIFICATIONS TO CONGRESS
Sec. 7301. Congressional presentation documents.
Sec. 7302. Human rights policy and reports.
Sec. 7303. International narcotics control report.
Sec. 7304. Annual allocation report.
Sec. 7305. Notification of program changes.
Sec. 7306. Evaluation and monitoring of program performance.
TITLE VIII—GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 1—EXERCISE AND COORDINATION OF FUNCTIONS
Sec. 8101. Delegations by the President.
Sec. 8102. Role of the Secretary of State.
Sec. 8103. The Secretary of Defense.
Sec. 8104. United States Agency for International Development.
Sec. 8105. The Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Sec. 8106. Authority to establish offices abroad.
Sec. 8107. Presidential findings and determinations.
CHAPTER 2—ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES
Subchapter A—General Authorities
Sec. 8201. Allocation of funds and reimbursement among agencies.
Sec. 8202. General authorities.
Sec. 8203. Authorized administrative uses of funds.
Subchapter B—Department of Defense Administrative Authorities
Sec. 8211. Administrative expenses.
Sec. 8212. End use and retransfer assurances.
Sec. 8213. Approval of third country transfers.
Sec. 8214. Exchange training.
CHAPTER 3—SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND AUTHORITIES RELATING TO
APPROPRIATIONS AND LOCAL CURRENCIES
Subchapter A—Provisions Relating to Appropriations
Sec. 8301. Requirement for authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 8302. Authority for extended period of availability of apropriations.
Sec. 8303. Reduction in earmarks.
Sec. 8304. Obligation upon apportionment.
Subchapter B—Local Currencies
Sec. 8311. Use of certain foreign currencies.
Sec. 8312. Interest on United States owned foreign currency proceeds.
CHAPTER 4—PROCUREMENT AND DISPOSITION OF ARTICLES
Sec. 8401. Use of private enterprise.
Sec. 8402. Procurement standards and procedures.
Sec. 8403. Shipping on United States vessels.
Sec. 8404. Excess and other available property.
Sec. 8405. Grant transfers of excess defense articles.
Sec. 8406. Stockpiling of defense articles for foreign countries.
Sec. 8407. Location of stockpiles.
Sec. 8408. Additions to war reserve stocks.
Sec. 8409. Retention and use of certain items and funds.
CHAPTER 5—PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
Subchapter A—General
Sec. 8501. Statutory officers in the United States agency for international de-
velopment.
Sec. 8502. Employment of personnel.
Sec. 8503. Experts, consultants, and retired officers.
Sec. 8504. Detail of personnel to foreign governments and international organi-
zations.
Sec. 8505. Head of offices abroad.
Sec. 8506. Chairman of OECD development assistance committee.
Sec. 8507. Assignment of DOD personnel to civil offices.
Sec. 8508. Discrimination against United States personnel providing assistance.
Sec. 8509. Availability of funds for operating expenses generally.
Sec. 8510. Availability of funds for operating expenses of the Inspector Gen-
eral.
Sec. 8511. Availability of funds.
Subchapter B—Overseas Management of Assistanceand Sales Programs
Administered Through the Department of Defense
Sec. 8521. Authorized functions.
Sec. 8522. Costs.
Sec. 8523. Role of chief of mission.
Subchapter C—Administrative Provisions for the Trade and Development
Agency
Sec. 8531. Director and personnel.
Sec. 8532. Audits.
Sec. 8533. Annual report.
Subchapter D—Administrative Provisions for the Overseas Private Investment
Corporation
Sec. 8541. Stock of the corporation.
Sec. 8542. Organization and management.
Sec. 8543. Income and revenues.
Sec. 8544. General provisions relating to insurance and financing program.
Sec. 8545. General provisions and powers.
Sec. 8546. Annual report; maintenance of information.
Sec. 8547. Definitions.
Subchapter E—Definitions and Miscellaneous Provisions
Sec. 8551. Definitions.
Sec. 8552. Activities under other laws not affected.
TITLE IX—TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING PROVISIONS
Sec. 9101. Effective date.
Sec. 9102. Savings provisions.
Sec. 9103. Miscellaneous provisions.
Sec. 9104. Conforming and other amendments.
Sec. 9105. Transition rules for military assistance.
Sec. 9106. Repeal of obsolete provisions.
SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) The people of the United States are em-
barking on a new era of domestic renewal that will
draw 
strength 
through 
expanding 
cooperation
abroad to advance United States economic and polit-
ical interests and to meet the challenges of a new
century.
(2) The interests of the United States are best
served by a community of nations that respects indi-
vidual human rights and democracy, resolves con-
flicts peacefully, engages in free and open trade,
uses the world’s limited natural resources in a sus-
tainable manner, and in which fundamental human
needs are met.
(3) Sustainable development is in the long-term
interest of the United States because without such
development, economic, political and security prob-
lems will multiply and generate future costs and
burdens; and because overpopulation and environ-
mental destruction threaten to undercut the best ef-
forts of nations to build peace and prosperity.
(4) Strengthening democracy and human rights
advances United States interests: democracies are
conducive to free markets; they are more reliable
partners, more receptive to cooperation in environ-
mental protection and other global problems, and
less prone to wage war on each other or sponsor ter-
rorism. Strengthening democracy is especially criti-
cal to achieving what must remain an overriding
goal of the United States: helping to create a world
in which respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms can flourish.
(5) In this new era of more diffuse challenges
to the security of the United States, the United
States recognizes the need to maintain and restore
peace through arms control, nonproliferation, re-
gional peace processes, and collective defense efforts,
and for continued vigilance against a wide-range of
increasingly transnational security challenges, in-
cluding international narcotics trafficking, terrorism
and other international crime that affect the per-
sonal safety of the people of the United States.
(6) United States Government support for ef-
forts to alleviate suffering and help people help
themselves reflects the ideals of the people of the
United States who have a long and unequaled record
of responding quickly and substantially to humani-
tarian crises caused by natural and manmade disas-
ters.
(7) An open and growing world trading system
will benefit United States workers through expand-
ing global markets and create a more prosperous
and secure world. Promotion of broad-based eco-
nomic growth in developing countries is an impor-
tant means for expanding the fastest growing mar-
kets for United States exports.
(8) Diplomacy effectively advances United
States security and prosperity, meets long-term glob-
al challenges, and builds cooperative arrangements
with allies and multilateral organizations.
(9) Foreign assistance programs are in the na-
tional interest of the United States, and to meet the
diverse challenges of a new century, the United
States must command a full range of creative for-
eign policy tools to shape a comprehensive, long-
term approach to promoting the United States na-
tional interests reflected in the objectives of this Act:
Promoting Sustainable Development, Building De-
mocracy, Promoting Peace, Providing Humanitarian
Assistance, Promoting Growth Through Trade and
Investment, and Advancing Diplomacy.
TITLE I—SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1—SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITIES
SEC. 1101. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) United States prosperity and security in the
Twenty-first Century will depend on the successful
pursuit of global sustainable development based on
an abiding commitment to democratic, free-market
principles.
(2) The transnational threats of persistent pov-
erty, global environmental degradation and rapid
population growth threaten to undercut the best ef-
forts of the world community to ensure a more pros-
perous and peaceful future. Addressing these threats
will require, among other things, an appropriate mix
of people-to-people, bilateral and multilateral assist-
ance to complement local action.
(3) The people of the United States have long
demonstrated a moral commitment to help those in
need and to provide assistance that reflects the tra-
ditional humanitarian ideals of the people of the
United States.
(4) The promotion of long-term, equitable, and
environmentally sustainable development can help to
prevent humanitarian crises and to reduce the vul-
nerability of people, particularly children, to natural
and manmade disasters, which are costly in terms of
both human life and financial resources.
(5) United States support for people-to-people,
bilateral and multilateral sustainable development
programs must, therefore, be targeted on broad-
based, economic growth that reduces hunger and
poverty, protects the environment, enhances human
capabilities, upholds democratic values, and improves
the quality of life for current generations while pre-
serving that opportunity for future generations
through, among other things, helping the poor ma-
jority of women, men, and children in developing
countries participate in the development process.
(6) Sustainable development efforts will be sig-
nificantly enhanced through the broad participation
and active engagement of the United States-based
private sector, including universities, labor unions,
and private voluntary organizations, and the people
of each nation as producers, workers, and citizens of
their communities, in shaping development policies
and in defining, implementing, and evaluating pro-
grams and projects.
(7) The ultimate measure of success of pro-
grams under this title is to reach a point where im-
provements in the quality of life and the environ-
ment are such that assistance is no longer necessary
and can be replaced by new forms of diplomacy, co-
operation and commerce.
SEC. 1102. POLICIES CONCERNING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAMS.
(a) PURPOSES
OF
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS.—The promotion of sustainable development is
in the long-term interests of the United States. Sustain-
able development signifies broad-based, economic growth
which protects the environment, enhances human capabili-
ties, upholds democratic values, and improves the quality
of life for current generations while preserving that oppor-
tunity for future generations. The objectives of sustainable
development are pursued by supporting the self-help ef-
forts of people in developing countries to implement sound
policies that increase self-reliance, equity, and productive
capacity, to invest in their people, and build effective and
accountable indigenous political, economic and social insti-
tutions.
(b) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES.—
The purposes described in subsection (a) can best be
achieved through a balanced, participatory and com-
prehensive cooperation program targeted on the following
four inter-dependent objectives—
(1) ENCOURAGING
BROAD-BASED
ECONOMIC
GROWTH.—
(A) RATIONALE.—Broad-based economic
growth signifies equitable and inclusive eco-
nomic expansion in developing countries. Such
growth is in the economic, political, and strate-
gic interests of the United States because it
permits countries to progress toward economic
self-reliance, improve the living standards of
their citizens, reduce the incidence of poverty,
promote food security and nutritional well-
being, slow population growth, and increase op-
portunities for mutually beneficial international
trade and investment. Broadly-based economic
progress also improves the prospects for the
spread of democracy and political pluralism.
Economic stagnation or narrowly based-eco-
nomic growth may fuel political instability and
threaten international security and cooperation.
(B) OBJECTIVE.—Broadly-based, sustain-
able growth requires, in addition to sound eco-
nomic policies:
(i) investments in people, particularly
poor people, in the form of health, nutri-
tion, education, shelter and other critical
social services;
(ii) a broader role for and access to
markets for both women and men through
improved policies that protect and advance
economic rights for all citizens without re-
gard to gender, race, religion, language or
social status, increase self-reliance in meet-
ing basic needs, and raise real incomes for
poor people;
(iii) stronger and more accountable
public and private institutions at the local
and national level, and sound public invest-
ments;
(iv) enhanced food security, including
improved access to safe food and adequate
nutrition through sustainable improve-
ments in agriculture and post-harvest food
preservation;
(v) sound debt management, including
responsible relief as appropriate;
(vi) investments in people’s productive
capabilities, including measures to upgrade
people’s technical and managerial knowl-
edge and skills; and
(vii) measures to ensure that the poor
have access to productive resources, includ-
ing affordable and resource-conserving
technologies, technical as well as market-
related information, and credit, especially
for small farms, small and micro-enter-
prises, and the poorest self-employed sec-
tor, and otherwise, fully participate in the
benefits of growth in employment and in-
come.
(2) 
PROTECTING
THE
GLOBAL
ENVIRON-
MENT.—
(A) RATIONALE.—The economic and social
well-being and the security of the United
States, indeed the health of our citizens, depend
critically on the global environment and phys-
ical resource base. Consumption patterns, sys-
tems of industrial and agricultural production,
demographic trends, and use of natural re-
sources directly affect the sustainability of long-
term development and growth, and of the eco-
system. Development that does not take ac-
count of its environmental consequences will not
be economically sustainable in the long run. Im-
proved resource management is a critical ele-
ment of a balanced pattern of development.
Both developed and developing countries share
responsibility to present and future generations
for the rational and sustainable management of
natural resources and for environmental protec-
tion. Developing countries not only suffer from
the consequences of environmental degradation,
but also contribute to that degradation as they
struggle to meet the basic needs of their people.
Therefore, environmental sustainability cannot
be secured without reducing poverty, nor can
poverty be eliminated without sustainable man-
agement of the natural resource base.
(B) OBJECTIVE.—Sustainable development
programs authorized by this chapter should ad-
dress the root causes of environmental harm,
promote 
environmentally-sound 
patterns 
of
growth and support improved management of
natural resources and protection of the environ-
ment. These activities shall include efforts to
address urgent global environmental challenges,
including the loss of biological diversity and
global climate change, as well as efforts to ad-
dress significant environmental problems within
countries and regions. Such efforts shall seek to
promote sound environmental policies and prac-
tices which simultaneously enhance long-term
economic growth.
(3) 
SUPPORTING
DEMOCRATIC
PARTICIPA-
TION.—
(A) RATIONALE.—It is in the national in-
terest of the United States and in keeping with
our democratic traditions to support democratic
aspirations and values, foster the spread of en-
during democratic institutions, and encourage
universal respect for civil and human rights.
The establishment of local governance, civil so-
ciety and democratic institutions, including
business associations and labor unions, is an es-
sential element of the ability of nations to sus-
tain development efforts.
(B) OBJECTIVE.—Sustainable development
programs must help to build and strengthen or-
ganizations and institutions that foster partici-
pation in economic and political decisionmaking
at the local and national levels. Such programs
shall help promote: respect for human rights
and the rule of law; an expanding role for non-
governmental and citizens organizations and
their capacity to effectively participate in politi-
cal and economic decisionmaking and to imple-
ment development programs; means to enhance
citizen access to public information; the ability
of all citizens to choose freely their government
and to hold that government accountable for its
actions; efforts which advance legal, social, and
economic equality for women, workers, and mi-
norities; respect for the rights of women, work-
ers, and minorities; and principles of tolerance
among and within religious and ethnic groups.
(4) 
STABILIZING
WORLD
POPULATION
GROWTH.—
(A) 
RATIONALE.—Excessive 
population
growth rates, among other factors, aggravates
poor health, perpetuates poverty, and inhibits
saving and investment, particularly investments
in people in the form of basic health, child sur-
vival, and education services. Continued exces-
sive growth in world population rates will un-
dercut 
sustainable 
development 
efforts.
Unsustainable population growth is directly tied
to degradation of the natural resource base and
the environment and contributes to economic
stagnation and political instability. The prob-
lems 
associated 
with 
excessive 
population
growth are interrelated with economic and so-
cial inequities, particularly the low status of
women, and patterns of resource consumption.
Excessive population growth impedes develop-
ment and retards progress on global issues of
direct concern to the United States.
(B) OBJECTIVE.—The primary objectives
are: to reduce population growth to rates that
are consistent with sustainable, broadly-based
development, to provide women and men with
the means to freely and responsibly choose the
number and spacing of their children, and to
contribute to improved reproductive health.
This calls for a focus on enhanced access to and
quality of voluntary family planning services
and reproductive health care. This also calls for
strong and sustained programs in child survival
and the prevention of HIV/AIDS. Improvement
of female education and raising the economic
and social status of women, carried out within
the context of encouraging broad-based eco-
nomic growth, are particularly important com-
plementary activities that contribute to these
objectives.
(c) PRINCIPLES.—To achieve the objectives of this
section, sustainable development programs authorized by
this chapter shall be carried out in accordance with the
following principles—
(1) POPULAR PARTICIPATION.—
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Sustainable develop-
ment 
depends 
for 
its 
success 
on 
the
empowerment of people to make political and
economic decisions. Participation, in the form of
active involvement of program participants in
the identification, design, implementation, and
evaluation of development programs is critical
to the success of those programs. Therefore, as-
sistance under this chapter should incorporate
the local-level perspectives of all participants,
especially the rural and urban poor and women,
in the identification, design, implementation,
and evaluation of projects, programs, and devel-
opment policies, as well as in the design of
country assistance strategies and overall strate-
gic objectives.
(B) ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE DEVELOP-
MENT
PROCESS.—The expansion of women’s
opportunities is essential to reduce poverty,
lower population growth and bring about effec-
tive and sustainable development. The active in-
volvement of women in economic, political, and
social activities is necessary to promote democ-
racy and to assure sustainable development.
Women, including local and indigenous women’s
groups, must be involved as agents as well as
beneficiaries of change in all aspects of the de-
velopment process. Women, therefore, should be
integrally involved in policies, programs, and
projects undertaken to achieve the objectives
and purposes of this section.
(C) 
NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—For development to be broad-based
and sustainable, it is imperative to consult with,
and fully engage in the policy and program
planning process, nongovernmental organiza-
tions representative of, and knowledgeable
about, local people and their interests. Non-
governmental organizations, including private
voluntary organizations, cooperatives and credit
unions, labor unions, women’s groups, and in-
digenous local organizations, should be fully uti-
lized in meeting the objectives and purposes of
this section through, among other things, regu-
lar involvement in the formulation of develop-
ment strategies for countries and sectors.
(D) UTILIZATION OF UNITED STATES IN-
STITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES.—Programs under-
taken to achieve the sustainable development
objectives of this chapter should recognize and
take advantage of—
(i) 
United 
States 
capabilities 
in
science and technology;
(ii) access to education and training
in United States colleges, universities, and
technical training facilities; and
(iii) United States public sector exper-
tise. This may be encouraged through,
among other things, long-term collabora-
tion between public and private institutions
of science, technology, and education in the
United States and developing countries.
(2) MANAGING FOR RESULTS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Assistance cannot sub-
stitute for a developing country’s own efforts to
improve the lives of its people, nor can the
United States afford to provide assistance
which does not yield enduring results in terms
of improving the lives of the poor, encourage a
stable and prosperous global order, and contrib-
ute to the interests of the people of the United
States.
(B) COUNTRY
REQUIREMENTS.—Sustain-
able development programs under this chapter
shall be concentrated in countries that have a
demonstrated need for such programs, that will
make effective use of such programs, and that
have a commitment to achieving clear develop-
ment objectives. Indicators of such countries in-
clude the extent to which: there is a high inci-
dence of hunger and poverty, there is an ena-
bling environment in which government econom-
ics and sound policies are conducive to accom-
plishing the sustainable development objectives
contained in subsection (b) of this section, gov-
ernment decisionmaking is transparent, govern-
ment institutions are accountable to the public,
an independent and honest judiciary is main-
tained, local government bodies are democrat-
ically elected, and political parties, nongovern-
mental organizations and the media operate
without undue constraints.
(C) MEASURING
RESULTS.—The United
States assistance program under this chapter
will assess the commitment and progress of
countries in moving toward the sustainable de-
velopment objectives contained in subsection (b)
of this section and the contributions made to
this progress by assistance provided under this
chapter. The United States will establish open
and transparent systems to monitor these re-
sults, and will be prepared to shift scarce re-
sources from unproductive programs, sectors or
countries to those which have demonstrated the
commitment and ability to use them effectively.
(3) INTERNATIONAL COORDINATION.—The
United States shall seek wherever possible to
coordinate its sustainable development program
with other bilateral and multilateral donors, as
well as with the private sector, in order to maxi-
mize the effectiveness of resources allocated to
sustainable development.
SEC. 1103. VOLUNTARY COOPERATION IN DEVELOPMENT.
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) The sustained participation of United
States private voluntary organizations, labor unions,
cooperatives, and credit unions that are engaged in
tions by strengthening their faculty and the pro-
grams available to their students.
(4) Such sustained participation would be en-
hanced through provisions within the United States
Agency for International Development to provide
such organizations and institutions with the oppor-
tunity to participate in the planning, development,
implementation, and evaluation of programs that in-
volve those organizations and institutions.
(b) PARTNERSHIP RELATIONSHIP.—The President is
encouraged to establish a formal, effective, and continuing
partnership relationship with private voluntary organiza-
tions, cooperatives, and credit unions which have experi-
ence in working in developing countries, and with United
States colleges and universities, with the objective of en-
hancing attainment of the goals set forth in this title. Indi-
viduals who are from such organizations and institutions
and who have expertise and administrative experience in
programs relevant to the development needs of developing
countries should be consulted on a regular basis so as to
bring their expertise to bear on those objectives.
(c) AMERICAN
SCHOOLS
AND
HOSPITALS.—The
President is authorized to use funds made available to
carry out the provisions of this Act for support of—
(1) schools and libraries, outside the United
States, that are sponsored by United States citizens
and serve as study and demonstration centers for
ideas and practices of the United States, and
(2) hospital centers for medical education and
research, outside the United States, that are spon-
sored by United States citizens,
where such support is in furtherance of the objectives of
this title.
SEC. 1104. MICROENTERPRISE AND OTHER CREDIT PRO-
GRAMS.
Credit resources can be a cost-effective tool in foster-
ing sustainable development where borrowers and projects
are creditworthy and where the costs of such credit assist-
ance are capable of being reasonably estimated. Subject
to section 8202(i), the President is authorized to provide
assistance for credit programs in furtherance of the sus-
tainable objectives, as follows:
(1) MICRO- AND SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOP-
MENT.—To promote the full participation in a coun-
try’s economy by all members of society through in-
creased access to formal financial markets.
(2) SHELTER, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND EN-
VIRONMENTAL
INFRASTRUCTURE.—To 
address
needs for shelter, urban services and facilities, and
urban environmental management systems, including
water treatment and waste disposal systems.
(3) OTHER
PROJECTS
AND
PROGRAMS.—To
carry out other purposes of this chapter that can be
met with credit resources.
SEC. 1105. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
The President is authorized to carry out programs
in support of the sustainable development objectives of
this chapter. Funds shall be available to carry out the pro-
visions of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to
the President each fiscal year.
CHAPTER 2—DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA
SEC. 1201. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) Sub-Saharan Africa faces serious obstacles
to sustainable development, including high levels of
poverty, high levels of disease burden especially trop-
ical diseases and HIV/AIDS, environmental degrada-
tion, high population growth rates and, in some
countries, civil conflicts that threaten the welfare of
millions of people.
(2) Sub-Saharan Africa is also undergoing sig-
nificant but fragile economic, social, and political
change, including economic reforms and transition to
democracies, which hold promise of progress in sus-
tainable development.
(3) Sub-Saharan Africa possesses numerous
species, as well as major forest reserves, which will
become increasingly threatened in the absence of
sustainable development.
(4) The challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa
require a steady, long-term approach to develop-
ment, and therefore the purpose of the Development
Fund for Africa shall continue to be to help the poor
majority of men and women in sub-Saharan Africa
to participate in a process of long-term development
through 
economic 
growth 
that 
is 
equitable,
participatory, environmentally sustainable and self-
reliant.
(5) Experience has shown that in order to be
effective and sustainable, assisted development
projects and programs must be based on local con-
sultation and involvement.
(6) By addressing the broad sustainable devel-
opment objectives of encouraging broad-based eco-
nomic growth, reducing excessive population growth
rates, preserving the environment, and strengthening
democratic governance and expanding popular par-
ticipation, programs for sub-Saharan Africa can di-
rectly improve the lives of the poor majority of Afri-
cans.
(b) LOCAL PERSPECTIVES.—In carrying out sustain-
able development programs for sub-Saharan Africa, the
local-level perspectives of the rural and urban poor, includ-
ing women, in sub-Saharan Africa shall be taken into ac-
count during the planning process for project and program
assistance.
(c) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Funds appropriated
to carry out the provisions of chapter 1 for sustainable
development programs may be made available, in accord-
ance with the provisions of that chapter, to carry out such
programs for sub-Saharan Africa.
(d) RELATIONSHIP
TO CERTAIN PROVISIONS
OF
LAW.—Assistance may be furnished for activities under
this chapter notwithstanding sections 7201(a)(7) and
8402 of this Act, and any similar provisions of law.
CHAPTER 3—ROLE OF RELATED PROGRAMS
SEC. 1301. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ROLE OF
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
(1) By fostering sound macroeconomic policies, the
international financial institutions—
(A) further the interest of the United States in
a free, open, and stable international economic and
financial system; and
(B) encourage developing countries to partici-
pate more fully in the world economy, thus expand-
ing the opportunities for United States exports and
investment.
(2) At the same time, structural and sectoral level
reforms supported by the international financial institu-
tions, and programs aimed at addressing such problems
as basic education, environmental protection, health, and
population, should reinforce the goals of United States
sustainable development programs.
(3) The increasing coordination of the activities of the
international financial institutions with those of bilateral
assistance programs provides an opportunity for those in-
stitutions to be informed of local perspectives, priorities,
and capabilities best gained through decentralized, con-
sultative processes.
(4) The United States should give priority to develop-
ing an international consensus on good governance, ac-
countability and transparency, the rule of law, and public
participation as central to the development process.
(5) The ability of international financial institutions
to serve these ends depends on maintenance of strong
United States influence in them and fulfillment of United
States financial commitments.
SEC. 1302. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ROLE OF
PEACE CORPS.
(1) The purposes of the Peace Corps, as set forth
in the Peace Corps Act, are consistent with a fundamental
objective of this Act—to broaden the participation of peo-
ple in developing countries in the economic and social life
of their countries.
(2) The benefits provided by both the sustainable de-
velopment programs authorized by this Act and programs
authorized by the Peace Corps Act will be enhanced by
collaboration that, while not infringing on the traditional
autonomy of the Peace Corps, recognizes that the ability
of the Peace Corps to address issues of concern to the
people of developing countries at the grassroots level com-
plements the programs authorized by this Act.
SEC. 1303. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ROLE OF
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTER-AMER-
ICAN FOUNDATIONS.
(1) The purposes of the Inter-American Foundation
and the African Development Foundation as set forth in
sections 401(b) and 504 of their respective Acts are con-
sistent with fundamental premises of sustainable develop-
ment programs, such as the need to expand the participa-
tion of individuals in social and economic institutions so
that they have a stake in the resolution of social and eco-
nomic issues.
(2) Both Foundations have demonstrated that sus-
tainable development may be fostered at the local level by
responding to the expressed needs of the people who live
and work in the local community, and providing them with
the means to carry out their own development initiatives.
(3) By working at the grassroots level to enhance in-
comes, expand social benefits, and encourage increased
participation, the programs of the African Development
Foundation and the Inter-American Foundation, while
independent, are part of an overall framework of support
for developing countries which aims to see sustainable de-
velopment occur at the local and the national levels.
SEC. 1304. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING ROLE OF
PUBLIC LAW 480 NON-EMERGENCY TITLE II
AND TITLE III PROGRAMS.
STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) The use of United States agricultural com-
modities through the Public Law 480 non-emergency
title II program, serves the dual purposes of sup-
porting the efforts of poor countries to meet their
need for additional food resources while at the same
time promoting the long-term sustainable develop-
ment efforts of those countries.
(2) By giving priority through the Public Law
480 title III program to those least developed, food
deficit countries with high levels of malnutrition that
have long-term plans for broad-based equitable and
sustainable development and a demonstrated com-
mitment and capacity to use food assistance effec-
tively, these programs show a consistency of purpose
with the sustainable development programs author-
ized by this Act.
TITLE II—BUILDING DEMOCRACY
SEC. 2001. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(a) FINDINGS.—
(1) There is a growing worldwide movement to-
ward more open, just and democratic societies. This
trend is essential to achieving the United States ulti-
mate objective of worldwide respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to
race, sex, language or religion. At the same time,
this trend holds great promise for promoting the
peace of the world and the foreign policy, security,
and general welfare of the United States.
(2) Expansion of democratic values and systems
must be promoted through bilateral, multilateral,
and people-to-people programs with the sustained
assistance and moral support of the international
community, and of the established democracies in
particular.
(3) Democratic development takes time to take
root in society and in the political system. There is
a need for the international community to assist in
the consolidation of democratic values, practices and
institutions to prevent the reversal of democratic
trends.
(4) Frequently, newly democratizing countries
are beset by ethnic conflicts, resurgent nationalism
and anti-democratic movements, and political reac-
tion to economic reform. A growing number of coun-
tries seek to end years of protracted internal conflict
through the implementation of internationally-sanc-
tioned political settlements, designed to create a
democratic form of governance, a durable peace, and
the institutional requisites for long-term develop-
ment.
(5) Furthermore, democratic institutions in
countries where democracy has taken root can be
similarly threatened by regional and civil unrest, and
other threats to international peace and security.
(6) Narcotics trafficking, terrorism and other
forms of international crime—and the corruption
that they engender of political, administrative and
other democratic institutions—pose similar threats
to such countries, and efforts to combat these
scourges need to be integrated into and coordinated
with broader efforts to develop and consolidate
democratic institutions.
(7) To advance, countries in such circumstances
may require international assistance not normally in-
cluded in humanitarian relief programs, peacekeep-
ing operations, or long-term development programs,
and the international community needs to be able to
respond swiftly to meet such needs.
(8) Failure by the United States to respond ef-
fectively to threats to democracy and human rights
abroad could risk important United States interests,
jeopardize substantial savings in United States de-
fense that a more democratic and predictable world
will bring, imperil United States investments and
economic reforms that will result in trade and eco-
nomic benefits to the United States, and heighten
the risk that many transitions might ultimately fail
and generate costly humanitarian emergencies.
(9) Accordingly, the United States must have
the capacity to respond rapidly, effectively, and in
an integrated fashion to the new opportunities and
challenges associated with democratic development.
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) In addition to promoting strong democratic
societies as an integral part of the sustainable devel-
opment programs authorized under title I of this
Act, it should be the policy of the United States to
assist countries making the transition to democracy,
and countries where democratic gains are threat-
ened, by providing timely assistance in building ef-
fective democratic institutions and free market
economies.
(2) At the same time, the promotion of democ-
racy is the responsibility of the global community.
The United States should give priority to working
bilaterally and multilaterally to ensure commitment
of substantial resources toward the promotion of de-
mocracy in transitional countries, and to coordinat-
ing policies and programs among institutions and
donors.
CHAPTER 1—PROMOTING DEMOCRACY
Subchapter A—Countries in Transition
SEC. 2101. AUTHORITY.
The President may provide assistance under this sub-
chapter for countries—
(1) that have recently emerged or are in the
process of emerging as democratic societies; or
(2) that have recently emerged or are emerging
from civil strife and either have a democratically-
elected government or are making progress toward
developing a democratic form of government; or
(3) where democratic progress or institutions
are threatened.
SEC. 2102. OBJECTIVES AND TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.
(a) OBJECTIVES.—Programs under this subchapter
should be designed to facilitate the worldwide trend to-
ward more open, just and democratic societies, and may
include programs to—
(1) promote the development of functioning
democratic institutions and political pluralism, in-
cluding programs to facilitate—
(A) establishment of fully democratic and
representative political systems based on free
and fair elections that permit multi-party par-
ticipation;
(B) protection of basic human rights and
fundamental liberties and individual freedoms
including freedom of speech, religion and asso-
ciation, access to information and public par-
ticipation in decisionmaking;
(C) development of legal, legislative, con-
stitutional, electoral, journalistic, educational,
and other institutions, both governmental and
nongovernmental which are essential elements
of civil society in free pluralistic societies;
(D) establishment and professional devel-
opment of non-partisan military, security and
police forces, accountable to civil authorities;
(E) development of intercommunal conflict
resolution mechanisms; and
(F) strengthening of policy making skills
and accountability of democratic governments.
(2) address political, economic and humani-
tarian needs that arise in connection with transi-
tions, or that if unmet undermine or threaten demo-
cratic institutions; and
(3) help meet security challenges on a transi-
tional basis that threaten to impede or reverse demo-
cratic reforms or institutions.
(b) Assistance may only be provided to military or
law enforcement forces under this subchapter—
(1) to orient militaries or law enforcement
agencies to their respective roles in a democratic
order, including through training, contacts with
counterparts in established democracies, and other
programs designed to enhance respect for human
rights and understanding of principles of civilian
control in a democratic society;
(2) to enhance the practical accountability of
law enforcement agencies to civil justice institutions;
(3) to promote demilitarization of society,
through programs aimed at demobilization, down-
sizing, and rationalization and professionalization of
military structures; or
(4) to the extent otherwise permitted under sec-
tion 7104 of this Act; or
(5) to meet the challenges described in sub-
section (a)(3).
In providing assistance under this subsection the Presi-
dent shall consider the extent to which the recipients dem-
onstrate a commitment to respect human rights and fun-
damental freedoms.
SEC. 2103. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS; AUTHORITIES.
(a) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Funds shall be avail-
able to carry out the provisions of this subchapter as au-
thorized and appropriated to the President each fiscal
year. The amount of funds that are authorized and appro-
priated to carry out the provisions of this subchapter that
may be made available for assistance administered
through the Department of Defense shall be authorized
and appropriated separately.
(b) AUTHORITY.—Assistance may be provided under
this subchapter notwithstanding any other provision of
law.
Subchapter B—Independent States of the Former Soviet
Union
SEC. 2201. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) The international community has an unparalleled
stake in the success of the democratic and economic trans-
formation taking place in the independent states of the
former Soviet Union, and the integration of those states
into the community of peaceful and democratic nations.
(2) United States programs that facilitate this proc-
ess constitute and should be seen as critical investments
in America’s future. The people of the United States and
the independent states share an interest in ensuring that
assistance is focused on programs that will have lasting
effect, that support an ongoing process which can survive
the buffeting of political and economic setbacks, and that
lay a broad foundation for reform that is not dependent
on the success or failure of particular initiatives.
(3) United States leadership in supporting reform in
the independent states will remain critical. At the same
time, the United States must work closely with allies and
international institutions to ensure that international sup-
port for reform in these states is coordinated, and that
the costs of programs to support the ongoing trans-
formation is allocated fairly among those with a shared
stake in it success.
(4) The establishment and development of democratic
institutions and market economies in the independent
states of the former Soviet Union present among the most
important foreign policy challenges of our times. Failure
to meet these challenges could threaten United States na-
tional security interests and jeopardize substantial savings
in United States defense. Success will generate trade and
investment opportunities for American businesses from
which the United States stands to reap enduring employ-
ment and other economic benefits, and the prospects of
a more peaceful and stable world having lasting benefits
for all.
SEC. 2202. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this subchapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year. Such funds may be made avail-
able on the same basis as funds authorized to be appro-
priated for fiscal year 1993 under chapter 11 of part I
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Such funds shall
be considered to be assistance under this Act for purposes
of making available the administrative authorities con-
tained in this Act.
Subchapter C—Central and Eastern Europe
SEC. 2301. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It should be the policy of the United States to con-
tinue to facilitate the reintegration of Central and East
European countries into the community of democratic na-
tions based on free enterprise, market economies. United
States assistance programs can continue to make a sub-
stantial contribution to these objectives by building on ear-
lier initiatives, including important ongoing initiatives that
were established under the Support for East European
Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989. In furtherance of these
objectives, the United States should support economic and
political reform in Central and East European countries
by making available assistance for SEED Actions as au-
thorized by the SEED Act and for assistance provided
under the authorities of this Act to such countries that
are taking steps toward—
(1) constitutional democracy and political plu-
ralism, based on progress toward free and fair elec-
tions, and a multi-party political system;
(2) economic reform, based on progress toward
a market-oriented economy;
(3) 
respect 
for 
internationally 
recognized
human rights, and the protection of fundamental
civil liberties based on progress toward democratic
and independent judicial institutions; and
(4) a willingness to build, or continue, a con-
structive and lasting relationship with the United
States based on shared values and principles.
SEC. 2302. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this subchapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year. Such funds shall be considered
to be assistance under this Act for purposes of making
available the administrative authorities contained in this
Act.
CHAPTER 2—INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE
SEC. 2401. POLICY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The fostering of democratic soci-
eties, values, and institutions abroad is crucial to the fu-
ture security and prosperity of the United States. Infor-
mation and exchange programs carried out by the United
States are central to fostering such democratic values and
encouraging the development of democratic institutions
and processes around the world.
(b) ROLE OF PROGRAMS CONDUCTED BY USIA.—
Programs administered by the United States Information
Agency should support democratization abroad through
the communication of knowledge and the exchange of peo-
ple, ideas and values, and should promote, through in-
country personal contacts, exchanges, training programs,
and informational activities, a better understanding of the
nature of democracy in such areas as—
(1) the role of the citizen and government in
democracy and civil society;
(2) the principles of a free market economy;
(3) respect for the rule of law;
(4) the free flow of information;
(5) free and fair elections;
(6) responsible and representative local govern-
ment; and
(7) democratic reform of education.
TITLE III—PROMOTING PEACE
SEC. 3001. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) For over forty years the specter of international
communism weighed heavily on United States economic
and military assistance priorities. The collapse of com-
munism and the end of the Cold War have opened up new
possibilities for international cooperation to contain and,
more importantly, to prevent conflict, thereby creating the
opportunity for realizing international peace and security.
(2) Political destabilization, prompted in part by the
demise of communism, has also unleashed long suppressed
internal and regional conflict in Eastern Europe, the
former Soviet Union, and elsewhere. At the same time,
the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and tech-
nologies poses unrelenting challenges for peace and secu-
rity that the international community cannot afford to ig-
nore.
(3) In addition, the transnational scourges of narcot-
ics trafficking, terrorism and other international criminal
activity threaten at the most fundamental level the ability
of Americans and others to live their lives in safety.
(4) To address such problems during this historic
transition in post-Cold War world affairs, United States
bilateral and multilateral assistance under this title will
be a necessary complement to effective diplomacy and
international efforts to secure lasting peace. Failure to in-
vest at this time in programs designed to prevent conflict,
and to promote international peace and security, threatens
the prospects for substantial savings in United States de-
fense and other expenditures in the future.
CHAPTER 1—PEACEKEEPING AND RELATED PROGRAMS
SEC. 3101. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) In the wake of the Cold War, serious threats per-
sist to the security and interests of the United States, and
a range of conflicts within and among states and other
humanitarian disasters continue to threaten international
peace and security, undermine the stability of regions in
the world, generate disruptive flows of refugees, and cause
human suffering on a large scale. When the interests of
the United States are at stake, including its treaty obliga-
tions and humanitarian concerns, it will rely on a variety
of unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral means to respond
to such conflicts and crises.
(2) Diplomacy by our Nation and others can prevent
or ameliorate foreign conflicts, crises, and breaches of the
peace that could impose higher costs and burdens on the
United States if left unaddressed. It is therefore the inten-
tion of the Congress through United States leadership to
promote the security, welfare, and other foreign policy
goals of the United States by supporting timely, preventive
diplomatic efforts, unilaterally and in conjunction with
other nations.
(3) The United States reaffirms its support for ap-
propriate peace operations when they advance United
States interests, including the fulfillment of United States
treaty obligations, or foreign policy goals, such as encour-
aging the spread of democratic and market institutions,
and addressing grave humanitarian crises. A decision to
support or participate in such operations should always
be based on an assessment by the United States Govern-
ment as to whether United States interests are best served
by doing so.
SEC. 3102. GENERAL AUTHORITY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized—
(1) to pay assessed and other contributions and
expenses of international peacekeeping activities and
other international activities directed to the mainte-
nance or restoration of international peace and secu-
rity, including the provision of related humanitarian
relief; and
(2) to furnish assistance to foreign countries,
and international and regional organizations and ar-
rangements for peacekeeping, international activities
directed to the restoration or maintenance of inter-
national peace and security and other programs car-
ried out in furtherance of the national interest of the
United States.
(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—
(1) Funds shall be available to carry out the
provisions of subsection (a)(1) as authorized and ap-
propriated to the President each fiscal year.
(2) Funds shall be available to carry out the
provisions of subsection (a)(2) as authorized and ap-
propriated to the President each fiscal year.
(3) If the President determines and reports to
Congress that doing so would promote the purposes
of this chapter, funds made available under either
paragraph (1) or (2) may be transferred to, and
consolidated with, funds available for the other such
paragraph, and may be used for any of the purposes
for which funds under that paragraph may be used.
(c) AUTHORITY.—Funds made available to carry out
this chapter may be made available notwithstanding any
provisions of law that restrict assistance to foreign coun-
tries.
SEC. 3103. DRAWDOWN AUTHORITIES.
(a) UNFORESEEN EMERGENCIES.—If the President
determines that, as the result of an unforeseen emergency,
the provision of assistance under this chapter in amounts
in excess of funds otherwise available for such purposes
is important to the national interests of the United States,
the President may direct the drawdown of articles and
services, of an aggregate value not to exceed $100,000,000
in any fiscal year, from the inventory and resources of any
agency of the United States Government.
(b) REIMBURSEMENT.—There are authorized to be
appropriated to the President such sums as may be nec-
essary to reimburse the applicable appropriation, fund, or
account for articles and services provided under this sec-
tion.
CHAPTER 2—NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT
FUND
SEC. 3201. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
One of the principal threats to the security of the
United States in the post-Cold War era is the risk of pro-
liferation of deadly weapons—nuclear, chemical, biologi-
cal, and advanced conventional weapons—as well as their
delivery systems. The United States should give high pri-
ority to pursuing arms control agreements and preventing
proliferation by supporting and enhancing bilateral and
multilateral efforts to—
(1) establish effective controls on destabilizing
weapon systems and materials;
(2) dismantle existing systems;
(3) create verifiable safeguards and regimes and
effective export controls on related technologies and
materials; and
(4) increase the effectiveness and help ensure
the implementation of existing nonproliferation and
arms control agreements, particularly in the states
of the former Soviet Union and in Central and East-
ern Europe.
SEC. 3202. PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE.
Assistance may be provided under this chapter to fa-
cilitate—
SEC. 3203. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year.
SEC. 3204. DRAWDOWN AUTHORITIES.
(a) UNFORESEEN EMERGENCIES.—If the President
determines that it is in the national interest of the United
States to provide assistance under this chapter in amounts
in excess of funds otherwise available under this chapter
for such purposes, the President may direct the articles
and services, of an aggregate value not to exceed
$100,000,000 in any fiscal year, from the inventory and
resources of any agency of the United States Government.
(b) REIMBURSEMENT.—There are authorized to be
appropriated to the President such sums as may be nec-
essary to reimburse the applicable appropriation, fund, or
account for articles and services provided under this sec-
tion.
CHAPTER 3—REGIONAL PEACE, SECURITY AND
DEFENSE COOPERATION
SEC. 3301. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) During the Cold War, regional conflicts were
often inspired by hegemonist aspirations of aggressive
communism. In the post-Cold War era, regional and inter-
nal conflicts, fueled by more discrete problems such as eth-
nic discord, competing territorial claims and other sources
of tension, persist and are among the greatest threats and
barriers to the achievement of international peace and sta-
bility, and a safe and lawful world order.
(2) Prudent investment of United States resources to
assist, through bilateral and collective efforts, in prevent-
ing or containing armed conflict, in restoring peace and
stability, and in addressing the sources of conflict, is es-
sential for achieving a peaceful world.
(3) Recent successes in the Near East exemplify the
value of United States dedication to resolving conflict in
an area whose security and stability is of vital interest to
the United States:
(A) To permit continued progress in reaching a
full settlement and a comprehensive, just and lasting
peace between Israel and its Arab neighbors, the
United States must assist Israel in maintaining ade-
quate defense capabilities to ensure its territorial in-
tegrity and continued survival.
(B) Recognizing that the success of the agree-
ment between Israel and the Palestine Liberation
Organization will depend in large measure on pro-
moting economic development and improving the
well-being of people of the West Bank and Gaza, the
United States should lead in building peace and
prosperity in the Near East through bilateral assist-
ance and by encouraging multilateral and other do-
nors to contribute the necessary resources to pro-
mote sustainable economic development throughout
that region.
(4) The United States must also build security part-
nerships with other allies and friendly nations to assist
in their maintaining adequate capabilities to preserve in-
ternal security, as well as to engage in collective defense
efforts against states that seek territorial expansion or re-
gional hegemony.
(5) Furthermore, to contribute to an international re-
sponse capability, the United States recognizes the need
to provide urgent and immediate assistance, bilaterally
and multilaterally, to contain and resolve conflicts. To re-
spond to such urgent challenges and to promote inter-
national vigilance in order to stem incipient regional con-
flicts worldwide, the United States sees great value in
maintaining alliances, coalitions and other cooperative de-
fense relationships that permit more effective collective de-
fense efforts.
(6) As more conflicts are resolved, and as peacetime
conditions permit, continued United States assistance
under this chapter should focus increasingly on conflict
prevention and the promotion of regional arms control,
with an emphasis on nonproliferation and defense edu-
cation and training appropriate for a revised military role
in a more peaceful and stable world.
SEC. 3302. AUTHORITY AND PURPOSES.
Assistance under this chapter may be provided for the
following purposes—
(1) to support and promote the process of re-
solving conflict and establishing a just and lasting
peace, to contribute to the development of institu-
tions of democratic government, and to meet eco-
nomic, political and security needs, in the Near
East;
(2) to meet immediate threats to international
peace and security posed by regional and internal
conflicts through bilateral or multilateral collective
defense efforts, and to meet other political, economic
and humanitarian threats to security; and
(3) to enhance the ability of countries world-
wide willing to share the burden of contributing to
regional alliances, coalition operations, and other col-
lective security efforts to counter threats to and
maintain international peace and security.
SEC. 3303. CONSIDERATIONS IN PROVIDING DEFENSE CO-
OPERATION ASSISTANCE.
In providing assistance under this chapter, the Presi-
dent should take into account the desirability of shifting
resources away from the provision of defense articles to
economic development purposes as rapidly as is warranted
by the easing of threats to regional peace and security,
and the need to maintain ongoing defense relations.
SEC. 3304. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year. The amount of funds that are
authorized and appropriated to carry out the provisions
of this chapter that may be made available for assistance
administered through the Department of Defense shall be
authorized and appropriated separately.
CHAPTER 4—INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING,
TERRORISM AND CRIME PREVENTION
SEC. 3401. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) International criminal activities, particularly
international narcotics trafficking and international ter-
rorism, pose insidious, unparalleled transnational threats
in the post-Cold War period, and endanger stability and
democratic development.
(2) The political and economic upheavals triggered
worldwide by international narcotics and crime-related vio-
lence and corruption have had a devastating effect in the
United States and elsewhere, and make the prevention and
suppression of such international criminal activities
among the most important foreign policy objectives of the
United States.
(3) Failure to address the problems of narcotics traf-
ficking and related illicit activities will lead inevitably to
further and intensified crime, violence, corruption, disease
and poverty.
(4) The threats posed by terrorism to international
peace and security and a stable, safe world order are
equally profound, and must be combatted through effec-
tive international cooperation, including the provision of
training and equipment.
(5) The war against narcotics trafficking, inter-
national terrorism and other forms of international crimi-
nal activity requires the provision of bilateral and multilat-
eral assistance by the United States, including as appro-
priate through defense establishments, and can be waged
most successfully by enlisting broad-based international
cooperation that facilitates flexible responses to stem all
such activity.
(6) In order to combat such activities, it is imperative
that international cooperation be improved, and efforts in
this regard should include assistance to promote enhanced
police investigative techniques, prosecutorial and defense
skills, and judicial training and administration.
SEC. 3402. AUTHORITIES.
Assistance under this chapter may be provided for the
following purposes—
(1) to control narcotics and psychotropic drugs
and other controlled substances including through
programs to promote alternative development, and
including through enforcement, demand reduction
and treatment programs;
(2) to enhance the rule of law and the ability
of law enforcement and, as appropriate, defense per-
sonnel of foreign countries to combat international
criminal activity including corruption, money laun-
dering, economic crimes, illegal trade, narcotics
manufacturing and trafficking and terrorism;
(3) to enhance anti-terrorism skills of foreign
law enforcement and, as appropriate, defense per-
sonnel to deter terrorists and terrorist groups from
engaging in international terrorist acts such as
bombing, kidnapping, assassination, hostage-taking
and hijacking; and
(4) to provide concrete anti-crime, anti-terror-
ism and anti-narcotics assistance to friendly coun-
tries to strengthen bilateral ties and to increase re-
spect for human rights by sharing with foreign civil
authorities modern, humane and effective anti-crime
and anti-terrorism techniques; and
(5) to combat through effective cooperation
international criminal activity, including organized
crime and its role in attempting to influence the
process of government, and to increase international
awareness of the need for concerted efforts through
bilateral and multilateral means, such as the United
Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and
Criminal Justice; and
(6) to promote international criminal justice, in-
cluding through assistance to promote enhanced po-
lice investigative techniques, prosecutorial and de-
fense skills, and judicial training and administration.
SEC. 3403. PROVISIONS RELATED TO ANTI-NARCOTICS PRO-
GRAMS.
(a) FURNISHING ASSISTANCE.—The President is au-
thorized to furnish assistance under this chapter for the
purposes of controlling narcotic and psychotropic drugs
and other controlled substances notwithstanding any other
provision of law, and is authorized to furnish narcotics-
related assistance under other provisions of this title not-
withstanding any other provision of law that restricts as-
sistance to foreign countries (except section 7201(a)(6)).
(b) AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES.—In
order to promote cooperation for the purposes of this
chapter, the President is authorized to conclude agree-
ments, including reciprocal maritime agreements, with
other countries to facilitate control of the production,
processing, transportation, and distribution of narcotics
analgesics, including opium and its derivatives, other nar-
cotic and psychotropic drugs, and other controlled sub-
stances.
(c) CONTRIBUTION
BY RECIPIENT COUNTRY
TO
COUNTER-NARCOTICS EFFORTS.—To ensure local com-
mitment to the anti-narcotics activities assisted under this
chapter, the government of a country receiving such assist-
ance under this chapter should bear an appropriate share
of the costs of any narcotics control program, project, or
activity for which such assistance is to be provided. The
government of a country may bear such costs on an ‘‘in
kind’’ basis.
(d) USE OF HERBICIDES FOR AERIAL ERADICATION
OF NARCOTICS.—The President, with the assistance of ap-
propriate Federal agencies, shall monitor the use of any
herbicides provided under this chapter for aerial eradi-
cation in order to determine the impact of such use on
the environment and on the health of individuals.
(e) LIMITATIONS ON USES OF AIRCRAFT AND OTHER
EQUIPMENT.—The President shall take all reasonable
steps to ensure that aircraft and other equipment made
available to foreign countries for purposes described in
section 3402(1) are used only in ways that are consistent
with the purposes for which such equipment was made
available. In the reports submitted pursuant to section
7303, the President shall discuss any evidence indicating
misuse by a foreign country of aircraft or other equipment
made available for purposes described in section 3402(1),
and the actions taken by the United States Government
in accordance with this Act to prevent future misuse of
such equipment by that foreign country.
(f) PROHIBITION ON ASSISTANCE TO DRUG TRAF-
FICKERS.—The President shall take all reasonable steps
to ensure that assistance under this Act is not provided
to or through any individual or entity that has been con-
victed of, or against whom a government has formal crimi-
nal charges pending regarding, a violation of, or a conspir-
acy to violate, any law or regulation of the United States,
a State or the District of Columbia, or a foreign country,
relating to narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other con-
trolled substances. This subsection shall not be construed
to restrict assistance that is provided under this Act to
facilitate alternative development programs.
(g) COORDINATION OF ALL UNITED STATES ANTI-
NARCOTICS ASSISTANCE.—Consistent with subtitle A of
title I of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, the Secretary
of State shall be responsible for coordinating all assistance
provided by the United States Government to support
international efforts to combat illicit narcotics production
or trafficking. Nothing contained in this subsection shall
be construed to limit or impair the authority or respon-
sibility of any other Federal agency with respect to law
enforcement, domestic security operations, or intelligence
activities as defined in Executive Order 12333.
SEC. 3404. PROVISIONS RELATED TO LAW ENFORCEMENT
TRAINING.
(a) TRAINING
BY STATE DEPARTMENT PERSON-
NEL.—Employees of the Department of State shall not en-
gage in the training of law enforcement personnel for anti-
terrorism programs under this chapter, with the exception
of training (including short term refresher training) or
services provided to law enforcement personnel by employ-
ees of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security with regard to
crisis management, facility security, or VIP protection.
(b) ASSISTANCE RELATING TO INTELLIGENCE AC-
TIVITIES.—Anti-terrorism assistance under this chapter
shall not include activities involved in the collection of in-
telligence as defined in Executive Order 12333, other than
limited training in the organization of intelligence for
antiterrorism purposes under the provisions of this chap-
ter.
(c) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—Anti-crime and anti-ter-
rorism assistance under this chapter should emphasize the
provision of training rather than the provision of articles.
Such training should be provided with due regard for a
country’s commitment to democracy and respect for
human rights, and where appropriate should incorporate
a component to promote respect for human rights. To the
extent equipment or other articles are provided under as-
sistance programs pursuant to this chapter, items that
support more effective administrative efforts should re-
ceive the highest consideration.
SEC. 3405. WAIVER OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON ASSIST-
ANCE.
Section 7201(a)(7) of this Act and any similar provi-
sions of law shall not apply to the provision of assistance
under this chapter.
SEC. 3406. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year. The amount of funds that are
authorized and appropriated to carry out the provisions
of this chapter that may be made available for assistance
administered through the Department of Defense shall be
authorized and appropriated separately.
TITLE IV—PROVIDING HUMANITARIAN
ASSISTANCE
SEC. 4001. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) The post-Cold War era has been marked by a sud-
den proliferation of crises and transitions that have led
to a massive civilian death toll, widespread human suffer-
ing, and an unprecedented number of people becoming ref-
ugees and displaced persons.
(2) Civil war, international conflict, and natural dis-
asters have all contributed to these humanitarian crises
which have jeopardized the stability of nascent democ-
racies and strained the ability of fragile economies to meet
these unexpected requirements.
(3) In significant measure, the effects of manmade
and natural disasters, at times amplified by prolonged en-
vironmental degradation, threaten continued sustained de-
velopment and are at the same time magnified by the lack
of that development.
(4) Bilateral and multilateral programs that provide
support to countries faced with large numbers of refugees,
rapidly respond to natural and manmade disasters, and
otherwise meet humanitarian and crisis needs are essential
for the continued democratization and economic growth of
countries that, by themselves, do not have the resources
to cope with crises of such magnitude.
CHAPTER 1—REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
SEC. 4101. STATEMENT OF POLICY AND PURPOSES.
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—
(1) United States leadership in international
refugee and migration affairs reflects our humani-
tarian values and traditions.
(2) United States refugee assistance upholds
humanitarian principles that the United States
shares with others in the international community.
(3) Too often, situations involving serious viola-
tions of human rights, conflict, or disaster create or
threaten to create large-scale refugee and migration
problems in which the victims are forced to flee their
homes for safety and survival.
(4) United States advances the ability of the
international community to address humanitarian
crises involving the forced migration of peoples
through support for, participation in and assistance
to, the international and other institutions involved
in the protection of and assistance to victims of per-
secution, conflict and other forms of human rights
violations and forced displacements.
(5) United States efforts to improve inter-
national cooperation and burdensharing in carrying
out these programs underscore that these issues are
the subject of international concern and shared re-
sponsibility.
(6) Prompt and effective responses can avert
further crises and instability and can alleviate the
suffering of the victims of displacement.
(7) It is imperative that the United States have
the resources and the flexibility to be able to provide
effective and immediate assistance in this regard.
(b) PURPOSES OF ASSISTANCE.—Assistance under
this chapter may be made available to—
(1) provide assistance to or on behalf of refu-
gees, conflict victims, displaced persons, and other
victims of forced migration, who are outside the
United States, including assistance on behalf of
those persons who will be considered for admission
to the United States and for the initial reintegration
of persons who have been repatriated to their coun-
tries of origin;
(2) contribute to the activities of the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Inter-
national Organization for Migration, the Inter-
national Committee of the Red Cross, the United
Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Ref-
ugees in the Near East, and other relevant organiza-
tions and institutions; and
(3) provide such other assistance as may be
necessary to promote the prevention and solution of
refugee and other migration problems, in countries
of origin as well as in countries of asylum, and in-
cluding for resettlement and demining efforts.
(c) EMERGENCY REFUGEE AND MIGRATION ASSIST-
ANCE.—
(1) Whenever the President determines it to be
important to the national interest he is authorized to
furnish assistance for the purposes of section 4102
when such needs are unexpected and urgent.
(2) There is established a United States Emer-
gency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund to
carry out the purposes of this subsection. There is
authorized to be appropriated to the President from
time to time such amounts as may be necessary for
the fund to carry out the purposes of this sub-
section. The President shall promptly notify the
Congress concerning the use of funds under this
subsection.
(d) WAIVER OF RESTRICTIONS ON ASSISTANCE.—
The President may carry out activities under this chapter
notwithstanding any other provision of law.
SEC. 4102. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year.
CHAPTER 2—DISASTER ASSISTANCE
SEC. 4201. POLICY.
(a) HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS AND TRADITIONS OF
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.—Prompt United States assist-
ance to alleviate human suffering caused by natural and
manmade disasters is a longstanding tradition and an im-
portant expression of the humanitarian interest of the peo-
ple of the United States. The willingness of the United
States to provide assistance through bilateral, multilat-
eral, and people-to-people means for the relief and reha-
bilitation of people and countries affected by such disas-
ters is hereby reaffirmed.
(b) REACHING THOSE MOST IN NEED.—In carrying
out this chapter, the President shall insure that, to the
greatest extent possible, the assistance provided by the
United States reaches those most in need of relief and re-
habilitation as a result of natural and manmade disasters.
SEC. 4202. AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to
furnish assistance for international disaster relief and re-
habilitation. Such assistance may include assistance relat-
ing to disaster preparedness, prevention, and mitigation,
and to the prediction of, and contingency planning for,
natural and manmade disasters abroad.
(b) NONAPPLICABILITY OF OTHER PROVISIONS.—
Assistance may be furnished under this chapter notwith-
standing any other provision of this or any other Act.
(c) BORROWING AUTHORITY.—
(1) AUTHORITY.—In addition to amounts oth-
erwise available to carry out this chapter, up to
$50,000,000 in any fiscal year may be obligated
against appropriations available to carry out other
titles of this Act for use in providing assistance in
accordance with the authorities and general policies
of this chapter.
(2) REIMBURSEMENT.—Amounts subsequently
appropriated to carry out this chapter with respect
to a disaster may be used to reimburse any appro-
priation account against which obligations were in-
curred under this subsection with respect to that
disaster.
(d) RECONSTRUCTION.—A portion of the funds made
available to carry out this section may be used, in addition
to amounts otherwise available for such purposes, to re-
spond rapidly to reconstruction and institution-building
needs arising from natural or manmade disasters.
SEC. 4203. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.
Funds shall be available to carry out the provisions
of this chapter as authorized and appropriated to the
President each fiscal year.
CHAPTER 3—EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE
SEC. 4301. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING EMER-
GENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE UNDER PUBLIC
LAW 480, TITLE II.
(1) The United States continues to provide leadership
in addressing famine and other urgent or extraordinary
worldwide relief needs.
(2) In particular, the use of United States agricul-
tural commodities through bilateral and multilateral chan-
nels to meet emergency food needs has saved lives, amelio-
rated suffering, and has been a tangible expression of the
best in the humanitarian spirit of the American people.
(3) This assistance is often provided in conjunction
with assistance furnished under the other chapters of this
title to provide a comprehensive program of relief for those
less fortunate than we who are refugees or other victims
of forced migration, or are suffering the consequences of
natural or manmade disasters.
TITLE V—PROMOTING GROWTH THROUGH
TRADE AND INVESTMENT
SEC. 5001. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
(1) In an increasingly interdependent world, the secu-
rity and well-being of the United States will be shaped
by the ability of the United States to compete and prosper
in a global economy.
(2) The United States remains committed to the
principles of free trade among nations as the most effec-
tive means to promote expanding international markets
and global economic prosperity.
(3) Economic growth and creation of employment op-
portunities in the United States are directly and materi-
ally enhanced by international economic growth and trade
liberalization.
(4) United States trade and investment represent a
powerful means of promoting economic growth and devel-
opment in emerging economies and economies in transi-
tion. Expanding United States trade and investment op-
portunities in the markets of the future is best sustained
by free-market orientation and sustained development in
those countries.
(5) The twin tracks of commercial engagement and
longer-term sustainable development represent com-
plementary means of advancing United States interests by
creating a more prosperous, therefore more secure world.
(6) The provision of a comprehensive and coordinated
program of export financing, investment insurance, guar-
anties and feasibility studies significantly enhances the
ability of the private sector to pursue trade and investment
opportunities in developing countries.
CHAPTER 1—OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT
CORPORATION
SEC. 5101. PURPOSE AND POLICY.
(a) PURPOSE.—The Overseas Private Investment
Corporation shall be an agency of the United States under
the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State. The
purpose of the Corporation is to mobilize and facilitate
the participation of United States private capital and skills
in the economic and social development of less developed
friendly countries and areas, and countries in transition
from nonmarket to market economies, thereby com-
plementing the development assistance objectives of the
United States, facilitating the competitiveness of the Unit-
ed States private sector, and promoting United States eco-
nomic growth.
(b) DEVELOPMENT, EXPORT, AND PER CAPITA IN-
COME
CRITERIA.—The Corporation, in determining
whether to provide insurance, reinsurance, or financing for
a project, shall especially—
(1) be guided by the economic and social devel-
opment impact and benefits of such a project and
the ways in which such a project complements, or is
compatible with, other development assistance pro-
grams or projects of the United States or other do-
nors;
(2) give preference to projects which promote
United States exports and increase United States
economic growth; and
(3) give preferential consideration to investment
projects in countries that have per capita incomes of
$1,230 or less in 1992 United States dollars; and re-
strict its activities in countries with per capita in-
comes of $5,335 or more in 1992 United States dol-
lars (other than countries designated as beneficiary
countries under section 212 of the Caribbean Basin
Economic Recovery Act (19 U.S.C.2702)).
(c) GUIDELINES FOR ACTIVITIES OF OPIC.—In car-
rying out its purpose, the Corporation, utilizing broad cri-
teria, shall undertake—
(1) to conduct insurance, reinsurance, and fi-
nancing operations on a self-sustaining basis, taking
178
(B) Contracting with individuals for per-
sonal services. Such individuals shall not be re-
garded as employees of the United States Gov-
ernment for the purpose of any law adminis-
tered by the Office of Personnel Management,
except that the head of the contracting agency
may determine the applicability to such individ-
uals of any other law administered by such
agency concerning the employment of such indi-
viduals.
(C) Purchase, maintenance, operation, and
hire of aircraft, except that aircraft for admin-
istrative purposes may be purchased only as
specifically provided for in an appropriation or
other Act.
(D)(i) Purchase and hire of passenger
motor vehicles, subject to clause (ii).
(ii) Passenger motor vehicles other than
one for the official use of the Administrator of
the United States Agency for International De-
velopment may be purchased for use in the
United States only as may be specifically pro-
vided in an appropriation or other Act.
(E) Entertainment and representation.
(F) Awards.
216
(1) Without reimbursement to the United
States Government by the foreign government or
international organization;
(2) Upon agreement by the foreign government
or international organization to reimburse the Unit-
ed States Government for compensation, travel ex-
penses, benefits, and allowances, or any part thereof,
payable to the officer or employee concerned during
the period of detail. Such reimbursements (including
foreign currencies) shall be credited to the appro-
priation, fund, or account utilized for paying such
compensation, travel expenses, benefits, or allow-
ances, or to the appropriation, fund, or account cur-
rently available for such purposes;
(3) Upon an advance of funds, property, or
services by the foreign government or international
organization to the United States Government ac-
cepted with the approval of the President for speci-
fied uses in furtherance of the purposes of this Act.
Funds so advanced may be established as a separate
fund in the Treasury of the United States Govern-
ment, to be available for the specified uses, and to
be used for reimbursement of appropriations or di-
rect expenditure subject to the provisions of this
Act, any unexpended balance of such account to be