I 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2298 
To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to expand and clarify the prohibi-
tion on misleading or inaccurate caller identification information and 
to require providers of telephone service to offer technology to subscribers 
to reduce the incidence of unwanted telephone calls and text messages, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 12, 2019 
Ms. SPEIER (for herself, Mr. ENGEL, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. NORTON, Mr. 
COOPER, Ms. PINGREE, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. SUOZZI, Mr. RYAN, Mr. 
SHERMAN, Ms. LOFGREN, Ms. WILSON of Florida, Mr. VISCLOSKY, Mr. 
COHEN, and Mr. RASKIN) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to expand and 
clarify the prohibition on misleading or inaccurate caller 
identification information and to require providers of 
telephone service to offer technology to subscribers to 
reduce the incidence of unwanted telephone calls and 
text messages, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Repeated Objectionable 
Bothering Of Consumers On Phones Act’’ or the 
‘‘ROBOCOP Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) The incidence of unwanted telephone calls 
and text messages is a nationwide nuisance. 
(2) The Federal Trade Commission received al-
most 5,800,000 complaints about unwanted tele-
phone calls in fiscal year 2018. 
(3) Telephone scammers target vulnerable con-
sumers, particularly the elderly. 
(4) The national ‘‘do-not-call’’ registry has ef-
fectively addressed unwanted telephone calls from le-
gitimate companies, but consumers continue to be 
subject to unwanted calls originating from sources 
outside the United States and illegitimate operators. 
(5) Telemarketing fraud cost consumers an es-
timated $350,000,000 in 2011. 
(6) Existing Federal law is inadequate to ad-
dress this problem. 
(7) Preventing unwanted telephone calls and 
text messages from reaching consumers requires 2 
approaches: 
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(A) Identifying unwanted calls and text 
messages. 
(B) Giving the consumers the ability to 
block or filter unwanted calls and text mes-
sages. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) CALLER
IDENTIFICATION
INFORMATION; 
TEXT
MESSAGE.—The terms ‘‘caller identification 
information’’ and ‘‘text message’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 227(a) of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(a)), as amend-
ed by this Act. 
(2) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 
means the Federal Communications Commission. 
SEC. 4. EXPANDING AND CLARIFYING PROHIBITION ON 
MISLEADING OR INACCURATE CALLER ID IN-
FORMATION. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 227 of the Communica-
tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227), as amended by section 
503(a) of division P of the Consolidated Appropriations 
Act, 2018 (Public Law 115–141), is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
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(A) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), 
(4), and (5) as paragraphs (4), (5), (6), and 
(9), respectively; 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the 
following: 
‘‘(2) The term ‘caller identification information’ 
means information provided by a caller identification 
service regarding the telephone number of, or other 
information regarding the origination of— 
‘‘(A) a call made using a voice service; or 
‘‘(B) a text message sent using a text mes-
saging service. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘caller identification service’— 
‘‘(A) means any service or device designed 
to provide the user of the service or device with 
the telephone number of, or other information 
regarding the origination of— 
‘‘(i) a call made using a voice service; 
or 
‘‘(ii) a text message sent using a text 
messaging service; and 
‘‘(B) includes automatic number identifica-
tion services.’’; 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so 
redesignated, the following: 
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‘‘(A) is interconnected with the public 
switched telephone network; and 
‘‘(B) furnishes voice communications to an 
end user using resources from the North Amer-
ican Numbering Plan or any successor to the 
North American Numbering Plan adopted by 
the Commission under section 251(e)(1).’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) by striking paragraph (8); and 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as 
paragraph (8). 
(b) REGULATIONS.—Not later than 18 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall 
prescribe regulations to implement the amendments made 
by this section. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect on the date that is 180 days 
after the date on which the Commission prescribes regula-
tions under subsection (b). 
SEC. 5. TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 227(d) of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(d)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) TECHNOLOGY OFFERED BY PROVIDERS.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
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‘‘(i) ORIGINATING
PROVIDER.—The 
term ‘originating provider’ means a pro-
vider of a voice service or text messaging 
service that permits a subscriber to origi-
nate a call or text message that may be 
transmitted on the public switched tele-
phone network. 
‘‘(ii) ORIGINATING SUBSCRIBER.—The 
term ‘originating subscriber’ means a sub-
scriber to a voice service or text messaging 
service that originates a call or text mes-
sage that may be transmitted on the public 
switched telephone network. 
‘‘(iii) 
RECEIVING
PROVIDER.—The 
term ‘receiving provider’ means a provider 
of a voice service or text messaging service 
that permits a subscriber to receive a call 
or text message originating, or that may be 
transmitted, on the public switched tele-
phone network. 
‘‘(iv) RECEIVING
SUBSCRIBER.—The 
term ‘receiving subscriber’ means a sub-
scriber to a voice service or text messaging 
service that receives, or is the intended re-
cipient of, a call or text message origi-
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nating, or that may be transmitted, on the 
public switched telephone network. 
‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS
TO
OFFER
TECH-
NOLOGY.— 
‘‘(i) ORIGINATING
PROVIDERS.—The 
Commission shall by regulation establish 
technical and procedural standards to re-
quire an originating provider to enable, for 
each originating subscriber of the provider 
and for no additional charge, and to re-
quire the originating subscriber to use, 
technology that verifies, for any call or text 
message originated by the originating sub-
scriber, that the caller identification infor-
mation indicated for the call or text mes-
sage accurately identifies the originating 
subscriber unless— 
‘‘(I) the call or text message is 
exempted, under regulations described 
in clause (ii) or (iii) of subsection 
(e)(3)(B), from the prohibition under 
subsection (e)(1); or 
‘‘(II) the originating subscriber 
requests that the originating provider 
not display caller identification that 
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accurately identifies the originating 
subscriber for a call or text message 
originated by the originating sub-
scriber, in which case the caller identi-
fication information shall state, ‘Call-
er ID Blocked’. 
‘‘(ii) 
RECEIVING
PROVIDERS.—The 
Commission shall by regulation establish 
technical and procedural standards to re-
quire any receiving provider, for each re-
ceiving subscriber of the provider and for 
no additional charge— 
‘‘(I) to enable, and to offer to the 
receiving subscriber the option to dis-
able, technology that— 
‘‘(aa) determines that an in-
coming call or text message is 
verified by the technology enabled 
in accordance with clause (i) as 
providing caller identification in-
formation in accordance with 
that clause, whether by— 
‘‘(AA) accurately iden-
tifying the originating sub-
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scriber that originated the 
call or text message; 
‘‘(BB) 
lawfully 
pro-
viding misleading or inac-
curate caller identification; 
or 
‘‘(CC) displaying ‘Call-
er ID Blocked’; or 
‘‘(bb) if an incoming call or 
text message is not verified as 
described in item (aa), prevents 
the receiving subscriber from re-
ceiving the call or text message; 
‘‘(II) to offer to the receiving 
subscriber the option to enable tech-
nology that— 
‘‘(aa) identifies an incoming 
call or text message as origi-
nating or probably originating 
from an automatic telephone di-
aling system; and 
‘‘(bb) prevents the receiving 
subscriber from receiving a call 
or text message identified as de-
scribed in item (aa) unless— 
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‘‘(AA) the call or text 
message is made or sent by 
a public safety entity, in-
cluding a public safety an-
swering point (as defined in 
section 222(h)), emergency 
operations center, or law en-
forcement agency; or 
‘‘(BB) 
the 
receiving 
subscriber 
has 
provided 
prior express consent to re-
ceive the call or text mes-
sage and has not revoked 
that consent; and 
‘‘(III) to offer to the receiving 
subscriber the ability to request that 
the receiving provider prevent the re-
ceiving subscriber from receiving calls 
and text messages originating from a 
particular originating subscriber. 
‘‘(C) COMMISSION OVERSIGHT.— 
‘‘(i) APPEALS PROCESS RELATING TO 
ALLEGED
AUTODIALERS.—The standards 
established under subparagraph (B)(ii)(II) 
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shall provide for an appeals process under 
which— 
‘‘(I) an originating subscriber 
may notify the Commission that the 
technology offered under that sub-
paragraph by a receiving provider is— 
‘‘(aa) incorrectly identifying 
the calls or text messages of the 
originating subscriber as origi-
nating or probably originating 
from an automatic telephone di-
aling system; or 
‘‘(bb) preventing receiving 
subscribers from receiving calls 
or text messages originated by 
the originating subscriber that 
are permitted under item (bb) of 
that subparagraph; 
‘‘(II) if the Commission finds 
that the circumstance about which the 
originating subscriber notified the 
Commission exists, the Commission 
shall— 
‘‘(aa) notify the receiving 
provider of the finding; and 
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‘‘(bb) take such action as is 
reasonably necessary to correct 
the circumstance; and 
‘‘(III) if the receiving provider is 
preventing a receiving subscriber from 
receiving calls or text messages origi-
nated by the originating subscriber 
because the receiving subscriber has 
requested that prevention, whether di-
rectly or through a call-blocking serv-
ice, the Commission— 
‘‘(aa) may not require the 
receiving provider to stop pre-
venting the calls or text messages 
unless the receiving subscriber 
provides affirmative consent; and 
‘‘(bb) shall require the re-
ceiving provider to notify the re-
ceiving subscriber of the exist-
ence of the circumstances de-
scribed in subclause (II) of this 
clause. 
‘‘(ii) WHITELISTING.— 
‘‘(I) REQUEST.—An originating 
subscriber that offers essential serv-
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ices (referred to in this clause as an 
‘essential services subscriber’) may re-
quest that the Commission require 
each receiving provider to allow receiv-
ing subscribers of the receiving pro-
vider to receive calls or text messages 
originating from the essential services 
subscriber. 
‘‘(II) GRANT.—If the Commis-
sion, through a rigorous vetting proc-
ess using the unblocking system es-
tablished under clause (iii), confirms 
the identity of an essential services 
subscriber described in subclause (I) 
of this clause, the Commission shall 
require each receiving provider to 
allow each receiving subscriber of the 
receiving provider to receive calls or 
text messages originating from the es-
sential services subscriber unless the 
receiving subscriber has requested 
under subparagraph (B)(ii)(III) that 
the receiving provider prevent the re-
ceiving subscriber from receiving calls 
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and text messages originating from 
that essential services subscriber. 
‘‘(III) DEFINITION
OF
ESSEN-
TIAL
SERVICES.—The 
Commission 
shall by regulation define the term 
‘essential services’ for purposes of this 
clause. 
‘‘(iii) 
UNBLOCKING
SYSTEM
AND 
DATABASE.— 
‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—In order to 
carry out this subparagraph and en-
sure that consumers are in control of 
the calls and text messages they re-
ceive, the Commission shall establish 
a nationwide unblocking system that 
includes a database, to be known as 
the ‘Unblocking Database’, of origi-
nating subscribers whose identity the 
Commission 
has 
confirmed 
under 
clause (ii)(II). 
‘‘(II) FUNDING.—The Commis-
sion shall— 
‘‘(aa) assess a fee on any 
originating subscriber that wishes 
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to participate in the nationwide 
unblocking system; and 
‘‘(bb) use amounts collected 
under item (aa) to fund the oper-
ation 
of 
the 
nationwide 
unblocking system. 
‘‘(D) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—A person ag-
grieved by a violation of the regulations 
prescribed under clause (i) or (ii) of sub-
paragraph (B) may bring an action in an 
appropriate district court of the United 
States, or, if otherwise permitted by the 
laws or rules of court of a State, in an ap-
propriate court of that State, to— 
‘‘(I) enjoin the violation; or 
‘‘(II) recover the greater of— 
‘‘(aa) actual damages; or 
‘‘(bb) $500 per violation. 
‘‘(ii) ENHANCED
AWARDS.—If the 
court finds in an action brought under 
clause (i) that the defendant willfully or 
knowingly violated the regulations de-
scribed in that clause, the court may in-
crease the amount of the award to an 
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amount equal to not more than 3 times the 
amount available under subclause (II) of 
that clause. 
‘‘(E) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
‘‘(i) PREVENTION OF CALLS OR TEXT 
MESSAGES.—For purposes of a regulation 
prescribed under this paragraph, a call or 
text message attempted to be made or sent 
to a receiving subscriber shall be consid-
ered to be prevented if, in accordance with 
the express consent of the receiving sub-
scriber, the call or text message is recorded 
or redirected in a manner that allows the 
receiving subscriber to— 
‘‘(I) be notified of the attempt to 
make the call or send the text mes-
sage; or 
‘‘(II) have access to— 
‘‘(aa) a message left by the 
calling party; or 
‘‘(bb) the text message. 
‘‘(ii) BLOCKING CALLER IDENTIFICA-
TION
INFORMATION.—Nothing 
in 
this 
paragraph may be construed to require an 
originating provider to prevent or restrict 
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any person from blocking the capability of 
any caller identification service to transmit 
caller identification information.’’. 
(b) EXEMPTIONS
FROM
MISLEADING
OR
INAC-
CURATE CALLER ID PROHIBITION.—Section 227(e)(3)(B) 
of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(e)(3)(B)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(iii) EXEMPTION PROCESS FOR LE-
GITIMATE
NEED.—The 
regulations 
re-
quired under subparagraph (A) shall pro-
vide for a process under which a person 
may demonstrate that the person has a le-
gitimate need to provide misleading or in-
accurate information for certain calls or 
text messages, such as a call made or text 
message sent to conduct an activity of a 
domestic violence shelter or medical prac-
tice.’’. 
(c) ACTIONS BY STATES.—Section 227(g)(1) of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(g)(1)) is 
amended— 
(1) by inserting after ‘‘regulations prescribed 
under this section,’’ the following: ‘‘a pattern or 
practice of failure to provide the technology required 
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under subsection (d)(4)(B)(i) that threatens or ad-
versely affects an interest of such residents, or a 
pattern or practice of failure to provide to such resi-
dents the technology or the options, as applicable, 
required under subsection (d)(4)(B)(ii),’’; and 
(2) by inserting after ‘‘to enjoin such calls’’ the 
following: ‘‘or such a failure’’. 
(d) REGULATIONS.—The Commission shall prescribe 
the regulations required under the amendments made by 
subsections (a) and (b) not later than 18 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act. 
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect on the date that is 180 days 
after the date on which the Commission prescribes regula-
tions under subsection (d). 
SEC. 6. INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE WITH CALL-BLOCK-
ING TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 227 of the Communica-
tions Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
‘‘(i) INTENTIONAL
INTERFERENCE
WITH
CALL- 
BLOCKING TECHNOLOGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any 
person within the United States, or any person out-
side the United States if the recipient is within the 
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United States, with the intent to cause harm, to 
take any action that causes the technology offered 
under subsection (d)(4)(B)(ii)(II) to— 
‘‘(A) incorrectly identify calls or text mes-
sages as originating or probably originating 
from an automatic telephone dialing system; or 
‘‘(B) prevent (as that term is used in sub-
section (d)(4)) the called party from receiving a 
call, or the intended recipient from receiving a 
text message— 
‘‘(i) that is made or sent by a public 
safety entity, including a— 
‘‘(I) 
public 
safety 
answering 
point (as defined in section 222(h)); 
‘‘(II) emergency operations cen-
ter; or 
‘‘(III) law enforcement agency; or 
‘‘(ii) to which the called party or in-
tended recipient has provided prior express 
consent. 
‘‘(2) PENALTIES; ACTIONS
BY
STATES.—Any 
person who violates this subsection or the regula-
tions prescribed under this subsection shall be sub-
ject to the penalties under paragraph (5) of sub-
section (e), and to actions by States under para-
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graph (6) of that subsection, in the same manner 
and to the same extent as if the person had violated 
that subsection or the regulations prescribed under 
that subsection.’’. 
(b) DEADLINE FOR REGULATIONS.—The Commis-
sion shall prescribe regulations to implement subsection 
(i) of section 227 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
U.S.C. 227), as added by this section, not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall take effect on the date that is 180 days 
after the date on which the Commission prescribes regula-
tions under subsection (b). 
SEC. 7. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this Act or the amendments made by this 
Act shall be construed to limit any authority of the Com-
mission to determine that, for purposes of section 227 of 
the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227), a call 
includes a text message or any similar message. 
SEC. 8. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) CALLER NAME FALSIFICATION.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Com-
mission shall, in consultation with the Federal Trade 
Commission, submit to Congress and make available on 
a public website a report containing the findings and con-
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clusions of a study determining how to minimize the extent 
to which the names of persons making calls or sending 
text messages are falsified in caller identification name 
databases. 
(b) TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 4 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, and every 4 years 
thereafter until the date of termination described in 
paragraph (2), the Commission shall submit to Con-
gress and make available on a public website a re-
port that contains the following information: 
(A) The extent to which subscribers con-
tinue to receive calls or text messages with mis-
leading or inaccurate caller identification infor-
mation (except for calls or text messages ex-
empted under clause (ii) of section 227(e)(3)(B) 
of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(e)(3)(B)) or clause (iii) of that section (as 
added by section 5)), including a quantitative 
assessment of the difference between the num-
ber of complaints made to the Commission re-
garding such calls and text messages— 
(i) before the effective date of the reg-
ulations required under paragraph (4)(B) 
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of section 227(d) of that Act, as added by 
section 5; and 
(ii) after the effective date described 
in clause (i). 
(B) The extent to which subscribers that 
choose to enable technology offered under para-
graph (4)(B)(ii)(II) of section 227(d) of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
227(d)), as added by section 5, continue to re-
ceive calls or text messages originating from an 
automatic telephone dialing system (except for 
calls or text messages from a public safety enti-
ty and calls or text messages to which sub-
scribers have provided prior express consent), 
including a quantitative assessment of the dif-
ference between the number of complaints made 
to the Commission regarding such calls and text 
messages— 
(i) before the effective date of the reg-
ulations required under that paragraph; 
and 
(ii) after the effective date described 
in clause (i). 
(C) An assessment of— 
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(i) whether the standards set forth in 
the regulations required under paragraph 
(4)(B) of section 227(d) of the Commu-
nications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 227(d)), 
as added by section 5, have been successful 
in reducing the number of the calls and 
text messages described in each of sub-
paragraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph 
received by subscribers; and 
(ii) whether there have been any prob-
lems with the standards described in clause 
(i) or the technology required by those 
standards, such as the prevention of calls 
or text messages— 
(I) from public safety entities; or 
(II) to which subscribers have 
provided prior express consent. 
(D) Any recommendations for legislative or 
regulatory action to improve the standards de-
scribed in subparagraph (C). 
(2) TERMINATION.—The date of termination 
described in this paragraph is the date on which the 
Commission, in consultation with the Federal Trade 
Commission, determines that the report required 
under paragraph (1) is no longer necessary because 
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of a substantial reduction in the number of calls and 
text messages described in each of subparagraphs 
(A) and (B) of that paragraph. 
Æ 
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