1402 
tor considers appropriate, in furtherance of the pur-
poses of this division. 
(b) RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK.—Not later than 
2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Direc-
tor shall work to develop, and periodically update, in col-
laboration with other public and private sector organiza-
tions, including the National Science Foundation and the 
Department of Energy, a voluntary risk management 
framework for the trustworthiness of artificial intelligence 
systems. The framework shall— 
(1) identify and provide standards, guidelines, 
best practices, methodologies, procedures, and proc-
esses for assessing the trustworthiness of, and miti-
gating risks to, artificial intelligence systems; 
(2) establish common definitions and character-
izations for aspects and levels of trustworthiness, in-
cluding explainability, transparency, safety, privacy, 
security, robustness, fairness, bias, ethics, validation, 
verification, interpretability, and other properties re-
lated to artificial intelligence systems that are com-
mon across all sectors; 
(3) provide guidance and implementation steps 
for risk management of artificial intelligence systems; 
(4) provide sector-specific case studies of imple-
mentation of the framework; 
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(5) align with voluntary consensus standards, 
including international standards, to the fullest extent 
possible; 
(6) incorporate voluntary consensus standards 
and industry best practices; and 
(7) not prescribe or otherwise require— 
(A) the use of specific solutions; or 
(B) the use of specific information or com-
munications technology products or services. 
(c) DATA SHARING AND DOCUMENTATION BEST PRAC-
TICES.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Director shall, in collaboration with other 
public and private sector organizations, develop guidance 
to facilitate the creation of voluntary data sharing arrange-
ments between industry, federally funded research centers, 
and Federal agencies for the purpose of advancing artificial 
intelligence research and technologies, including— 
(1) options for partnership models between gov-
ernment entities, industry, universities, and non-
profits that incentivize each party to share the data 
they collected; and 
(2) best practices for datasets used to train arti-
ficial intelligence systems, including— 
(A) standards for metadata that describe the 
properties of datasets, including— 
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(i) the origins of the data; 
(ii) the intent behind the creation of 
the data; 
(iii) authorized uses of the data; 
(iv) descriptive characteristics of the 
data, including what populations are in-
cluded and excluded from the datasets; and 
(v) any other properties as determined 
by the Director; and 
(B) standards for privacy and security of 
datasets with human characteristics. 
(d) STAKEHOLDER OUTREACH.—In carrying out the 
activities under this subsection, the Director shall— 
(1) solicit input from university researchers, pri-
vate sector experts, relevant Federal agencies, Federal 
laboratories, State and local governments, civil society 
groups, and other relevant stakeholders; 
(2) solicit input from experts in relevant fields 
of social science, technology ethics, and law; and 
(3) provide opportunity for public comment on 
guidelines and best practices developed as part of the 
Initiative, as appropriate. 
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TITLE 
IV—NATIONAL 
SCIENCE 
FOUNDATION ARTIFICIAL IN-
TELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES 
SEC. 5401. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDU-
CATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the Initiative, the Direc-
tor of the National Science Foundation shall fund research 
and education activities in artificial intelligence systems 
and related fields, including competitive awards or grants 
to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit or-
ganizations (or consortia thereof). 
(b) USES OF FUNDS.—In carrying out the activities 
under subsection (a), the Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall— 
(1) support research, including interdisciplinary 
research on artificial intelligence systems and related 
areas; 
(2) support collaborations among researchers 
across disciplines, including between social scientists 
and computer and data scientists, to advance research 
critical to the development and deployment of trust-
worthy artificial intelligence systems, including sup-
port for interdisciplinary research relating advances 
in artificial intelligence to changes in the future 
workplace, in a social and economic context; 
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(3) use the existing programs of the National 
Science Foundation, in collaboration with other Fed-
eral departments and agencies, as appropriate to— 
(A) improve the teaching and learning of 
artificial intelligence systems at all levels of edu-
cation; and 
(B) increase participation in artificial in-
telligence related fields, including by individuals 
identified in sections 33 and 34 of the Science 
and Engineering Equal Opportunity Act (42 
U.S.C. 1885a, 1885b); 
(4) engage with institutions of higher education, 
research communities, industry, Federal laboratories, 
nonprofit organizations, State and local governments, 
and potential users of information produced under 
this section, including through the convening of work-
shops and conferences, to leverage the collective body 
of knowledge across disciplines relevant to artificial 
intelligence, facilitate new collaborations and partner-
ships, and identify emerging research needs; 
(5) support partnerships among institutions of 
higher education and industry that facilitate collabo-
rative research, personnel exchanges, and workforce 
development with respect to artificial intelligence sys-
tems; 
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(6) ensure adequate access to research and edu-
cation infrastructure with respect to artificial intel-
ligence systems, including through the development of 
new computing resources and partnership with the 
private sector for the provision of cloud-based com-
puting services; 
(7) conduct prize competitions, as appropriate, 
pursuant to section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Tech-
nology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719); 
(8) coordinate research efforts funded through ex-
isting programs across the directorates of the National 
Science Foundation; 
(9) provide guidance on data sharing by grant-
ees to public and private sector organizations con-
sistent with the standards and guidelines developed 
under section 5301(c); and 
(10) evaluate opportunities for international col-
laboration with strategic allies on artificial intel-
ligence research and development. 
(c) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH GRANTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall award 
grants for research on artificial intelligence systems. 
Research areas may include— 
(A) artificial intelligence systems, including 
machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and 
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hardware for accelerating artificial intelligence 
systems; 
(B) artificial intelligence-enabled systems; 
(C) fields and research areas that will con-
tribute to the advancement of artificial intel-
ligence systems, including information theory, 
causal and statistical inference, data mining, in-
formation extraction, human-robot interaction, 
and intelligent interfaces; 
(D) fields and research areas that increase 
understanding of human characteristics relevant 
to artificial intelligence systems, including com-
putational neuroscience, reasoning and represen-
tation, speech and language, multi-agent sys-
tems, intelligent interfaces, human-artificial in-
telligence cooperation, and artificial intelligence- 
augmented human problem solving; 
(E) fields and research areas that increase 
understanding of learning, adaptability, and re-
silience beyond the human cognitive model, in-
cluding topics in developmental biology, zoology, 
botany, 
morphological 
computation, 
and 
organismal systems; 
(F) fields and research areas that will con-
tribute to the development and deployment of 
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trustworthy artificial intelligence systems, in-
cluding— 
(i) algorithmic explainability; 
(ii) methods to assess, characterize, and 
reduce bias in datasets and artificial intel-
ligence systems; and 
(iii) safety and robustness of artificial 
intelligence systems, including assurance, 
verification, validation, security, and con-
trol; 
(G) privacy and security, including for 
datasets used for the training and inference of 
artificial intelligence systems, and software and 
hardware used in artificial intelligence systems; 
(H) fields and research areas that address 
the application of artificial intelligence systems 
to scientific discovery and societal challenges, in-
cluding economic and public health emergencies; 
(I) societal, ethical, safety, education, work-
force, and security implications of artificial in-
telligence systems, including social impact of ar-
tificial intelligence systems on different groups 
within 
society, 
especially 
historically 
marginalized groups; and 
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(J) qualitative and quantitative forecasting 
of future capabilities, applications, and impacts. 
(2) ENGINEERING SUPPORT.—In soliciting pro-
posals for funding under this section, the Director 
shall permit applicants to include in their proposed 
budgets funding for software engineering support to 
assist with the proposed research. 
(3) ETHICS.— 
(A) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that— 
(i) a number of emerging areas of re-
search, including artificial intelligence, 
have potential ethical, social, safety, and se-
curity implications that might be apparent 
as early as the basic research stage; 
(ii) the incorporation of ethical, social, 
safety, and security considerations into the 
research design and review process for Fed-
eral awards may help mitigate potential 
harms before they happen; 
(iii) the National Science Foundation’s 
intent to enter into an agreement with the 
National Academies of Sciences, Engineer-
ing, and Medicine to conduct a study and 
make recommendations with respect to gov-
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ernance of research in emerging technologies 
is a positive step toward accomplishing this 
goal; and 
(iv) the National Science Foundation 
should continue to work with stakeholders to 
understand and adopt policies that promote 
best practices for governance of research in 
emerging technologies at every stage of re-
search. 
(B) ETHICS STATEMENTS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Director shall amend grant pro-
posal instructions to include a requirement 
for an ethics statement to be included as 
part of any proposal for funding prior to 
making the award. Such statement shall be 
considered by the Director in the review of 
proposals, taking into consideration any 
relevant input from the peer-reviewers for 
the proposal, and shall factor into award 
decisions as deemed necessary by the Direc-
tor. 
(ii) CONTENTS.—Such statements may 
include, as appropriate— 
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(I) the potential societal benefits 
of the research; 
(II) any foreseeable or quantifi-
able risks to society, including how the 
research could enable products, tech-
nologies, or other outcomes that could 
intentionally or unintentionally cause 
significant societal harm; and 
(III) how technical or social solu-
tions can mitigate such risks and, as 
appropriate, a plan to implement such 
mitigation measures. 
(iii) GUIDANCE.—The Director shall 
issue clear guidance on what constitutes a 
foreseeable or quantifiable risk described in 
clause (ii)(II), and to the extent practical 
harmonize this policy with existing ethical 
policies or related requirements for human 
subjects. 
(iv) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Director 
shall encourage grantees to update their eth-
ics statements as appropriate as part of the 
annual reports required by all grantees 
under the grant terms and conditions. 
(d) EDUCATION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall award grants for education 
programs at the K-12, community college, under-
graduate, graduate, postdoctoral, adult learning, and 
retraining stages of education that— 
(A) support the development of a diverse 
workforce pipeline for science and technology 
with respect to artificial intelligence systems; 
(B) increase awareness of ethical, social, 
safety, and security implications of artificial in-
telligence systems; and 
(C) promote the widespread understanding 
of artificial intelligence principles and methods 
to create an educated workforce and general pub-
lic able to use products enabled by artificial in-
telligence systems and adapt to future societal 
and economic changes caused by artificial intel-
ligence systems. 
(2) USE OF FUNDS.—Grants awarded under this 
section for education activities referred to in para-
graph (1) may be used for— 
(A) collaborative interdisciplinary research, 
development, testing, and dissemination of K-12, 
undergraduate, and community college cur-
riculum development, dissemination, and other 
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educational tools and methods in artificial intel-
ligence related fields; 
(B) curriculum development in the field of 
technology ethics; 
(C) support for informal education activi-
ties for K-12 students to engage with artificial 
intelligence systems, including mentorship pro-
grams for underrepresented populations; 
(D) efforts to achieve equitable access to K- 
12 artificial intelligence education for popu-
lations 
and 
geographic 
areas 
traditionally 
underrepresented in the artificial intelligence 
field; 
(E) training and professional development 
programs, including innovative pre-service and 
in-service programs, in artificial intelligence and 
related fields for K-12 teachers; 
(F) efforts to improve the retention rate for 
researchers focusing on artificial intelligence sys-
tems at institutions of higher learning and other 
nonprofit research institutions; 
(G) outreach programs to educate the gen-
eral public about the uses of artificial intel-
ligence and its societal implications; 
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(H) assessments of activities conducted 
under this subsection; and 
(I) any other relevant activities the Director 
determines will accomplish the aim described in 
paragraph (1). 
(3) ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
TRAINEESHIPS 
AND FELLOWSHIPS.— 
(A) 
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE 
TRAINEESHIPS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall award 
grants to institutions of higher education to 
establish traineeship programs for graduate 
students who pursue artificial intelligence- 
related research leading to a masters or doc-
torate degree by providing funding and 
other assistance, and by providing graduate 
students opportunities for research experi-
ences in government or industry related to 
the students’ artificial intelligence studies. 
(ii) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of 
higher education shall use grant funds pro-
vided under clause (i) for the purposes of— 
(I) providing traineeships to stu-
dents who are pursuing research in ar-
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tificial intelligence leading to a mas-
ters or doctorate degree; 
(II) paying tuition and fees for 
students receiving traineeships who are 
citizens, nationals, or lawfully admit-
ted permanent resident aliens of the 
United States; 
(III) 
creating 
and 
requiring 
courses or training programs in tech-
nology ethics for students receiving 
traineeships; 
(IV) creating opportunities for re-
search in technology ethics for students 
receiving traineeships; 
(V) establishing scientific intern-
ship programs for students receiving 
traineeships in artificial intelligence at 
for-profit institutions, nonprofit re-
search institutions, or government lab-
oratories; and 
(VI) other costs associated with 
the administration of the program. 
(B) ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
FELLOW-
SHIPS.—The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall award fellowships to masters 
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and doctoral students and postdoctoral research-
ers at institutions of higher education who are 
pursuing degrees or research in artificial intel-
ligence and related fields, including in the field 
of technology ethics. In making such awards, the 
Director shall— 
(i) ensure recipients of artificial intel-
ligence fellowships are citizens, nationals, or 
lawfully admitted permanent resident aliens 
of the United States; and 
(ii) 
conduct 
outreach, 
including 
through formal solicitations, to solicit pro-
posals from students and postdoctoral re-
searchers seeking to carry out research in 
aspects of technology ethics with relevance to 
artificial intelligence systems. 
(C) 
FACULTY
RECRUITMENT
FELLOW-
SHIPS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall establish 
a program to award grants to institutions 
of higher education to recruit and retain 
tenure-track or tenured faculty in artificial 
intelligence and related fields. 
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(ii) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of 
higher education shall use grant funds pro-
vided under clause (i) for the purposes of— 
(I) recruiting new tenure-track or 
tenured faculty members to that con-
duct research and teaching in artificial 
intelligence and related fields and re-
search areas, including technology eth-
ics; and 
(II) paying salary and benefits 
for the academic year of newly re-
cruited tenure-track or tenured faculty 
members for a duration of up to three 
years. 
(D) FACULTY
TECHNOLOGY
ETHICS
FEL-
LOWSHIPS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall establish 
a program to award fellowships to tenure- 
track and tenured faculty in social and be-
havioral sciences, ethics, law, and related 
fields to develop new research projects and 
partnerships in technology ethics, in col-
laboration with faculty conducting empir-
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ical research in artificial intelligence and 
related fields. 
(ii) PURPOSES.—The purposes of such 
fellowships are to enable researchers in so-
cial and behavioral sciences, ethics, law, 
and related fields to establish new research 
and education partnerships with researchers 
in artificial intelligence and related fields; 
learn new techniques and acquire system-
atic knowledge in artificial intelligence and 
related fields; shift their research to focus on 
technology ethics; and mentor and advise 
graduate students and postdocs pursuing re-
search in technology ethics. 
(iii) USES
OF
FUNDS.—A fellowship 
may include salary and benefits for up to 
one academic year and additional expenses 
to support coursework or equivalent train-
ing in artificial intelligence systems. 
(E) UPDATE TO ROBERT NOYCE TEACHER 
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM.—Section 10(i)(5) of the 
National Science Foundation Authorization Act 
of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n–1(i)(5)) is amended by 
inserting ‘‘and artificial intelligence’’ after 
‘‘computer science’’. 
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(4) UPDATE TO ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL EDU-
CATION PROGRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 3(b) of the Sci-
entific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 1862(i)) is amended by striking ‘‘10’’ and 
inserting ‘‘12’’. 
(B) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTERS OF 
EXCELLENCE.—The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall establish national cen-
ters of scientific and technical education to ad-
vance education and workforce development in 
areas related to artificial intelligence pursuant 
to Section 3 of the Scientific and Advanced- 
Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862(i)). Ac-
tivities of such centers may include— 
(i) the development, dissemination, 
and evaluation of curriculum and other 
educational tools and methods in artificial 
intelligence related fields and research 
areas, including technology ethics; 
(ii) the development and evaluation of 
artificial intelligence related certifications 
for 2-year programs; and 
(iii) interdisciplinary science and en-
gineering research in employment-based 
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adult learning and career retraining related 
to artificial intelligence fields. 
TITLE V—DEPARTMENT OF EN-
ERGY 
ARTIFICIAL 
INTEL-
LIGENCE 
RESEARCH 
PRO-
GRAM 
SEC. 5501. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
cross-cutting research and development program to advance 
artificial intelligence tools, systems, capabilities, and work-
force needs and to improve the reliability of artificial intel-
ligence methods and solutions relevant to the mission of the 
Department. In carrying out this program, the Secretary 
shall coordinate across all relevant offices and programs at 
the Department, including the Office of Science, the Office 
of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the Office of 
Nuclear Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office of 
Electricity, the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, 
and Emergency Response, the Advanced Research Projects 
Agency-Energy, and any other relevant office determined 
by the Secretary. 
(b) RESEARCH AREAS.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall award financial 
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assistance to eligible entities to carry out research projects 
on topics including— 
(1) the application of artificial intelligence sys-
tems to improve large-scale simulations of natural 
and other phenomena; 
(2) the study of applied mathematics, computer 
science, and statistics, including foundations of meth-
ods and systems of artificial intelligence, causal and 
statistical inference, and the development of algo-
rithms for artificial intelligence systems; 
(3) the analysis of existing large-scale datasets 
from science and engineering experiments and sim-
ulations, including energy simulations and other pri-
orities at the Department as determined by the Sec-
retary using artificial intelligence tools and tech-
niques; 
(4) the development of operation and control sys-
tems that enhance automated, intelligent decision-
making capabilities; 
(5) the development of advanced computing 
hardware and computer architecture tailored to arti-
ficial intelligence systems, including the codesign of 
networks and computational hardware; 
(6) the development of standardized datasets for 
emerging artificial intelligence research fields and ap-
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plications, including methods for addressing data 
scarcity; and 
(7) the development of trustworthy artificial in-
telligence systems, including— 
(A) algorithmic explainability; 
(B) analytical methods for identifying and 
mitigating bias in artificial intelligence systems; 
and 
(C) safety and robustness, including assur-
ance, verification, validation, security, and con-
trol. 
(c) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.—In carrying out the 
program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall support 
technology transfer of artificial intelligence systems for the 
benefit of society and United States economic competitive-
ness. 
(d) FACILITY USE AND UPGRADES.—In carrying out 
the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
(1) make available high-performance computing 
infrastructure at national laboratories; 
(2) make any upgrades necessary to enhance the 
use of existing computing facilities for artificial intel-
ligence systems, including upgrades to hardware; 
(3) establish new computing capabilities nec-
essary to manage data and conduct high performance 
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computing that enables the use of artificial intel-
ligence systems; and 
(4) maintain and improve, as needed, net-
working infrastructure, data input and output mech-
anisms, and data analysis, storage, and service capa-
bilities. 
(e) ETHICS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall amend grant proposal instructions to include a 
requirement for an ethics statement to be included as 
part of any proposal for funding prior to making the 
award. Such statement shall be considered by the Sec-
retary in the review of proposals, taking into consid-
eration any relevant input from the peer-reviewers for 
the proposal, and shall factor into award decisions as 
deemed necessary by the Secretary. Such statements 
may include, as appropriate— 
(A) the potential societal benefits of the re-
search; 
(B) any foreseeable or quantifiable risks to 
society, including how the research could enable 
products, technologies, or other outcomes that 
could intentionally or unintentionally cause sig-
nificant societal harm; and 
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(C) how technical or social solutions can 
mitigate such risks and, as appropriate, a plan 
to implement such mitigation measures. 
(2) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary shall issue clear 
guidance on what constitutes risks as described in sec-
tion (1)(B), and to the extent practical harmonize 
this policy with existing ethical policies or related re-
quirements for human subjects. 
(3) ANNUAL REPORTS.—The Secretary shall en-
courage awardees to update their ethics statements as 
appropriate as part of the annual reports required by 
all awardees under the grant terms and conditions. 
(f) RISK MANAGEMENT.—The Secretary shall review 
agency policies for risk management in artificial intel-
ligence related projects and issue as necessary policies and 
principles that are consistent with the framework developed 
under section 5301(b). 
(g) DATA PRIVACY
AND SHARING.—The Secretary 
shall review agency policies for data sharing with other 
public and private sector organizations and issue as nec-
essary policies and principles that are consistent with the 
standards and guidelines submitted under section 5301(c). 
In addition, the Secretary shall establish a streamlined 
mechanism for approving research projects or partnerships 
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1426 
that require sharing sensitive public or private data with 
the Department. 
(h) PARTNERSHIPS WITH OTHER FEDERAL AGEN-
CIES.—The Secretary may request, accept, and provide 
funds from other Federal departments and agencies, State, 
United States territory, local, or Tribal government agen-
cies, private sector for-profit entities, and nonprofit entities, 
to be available to the extent provided by appropriations 
Acts, to support a research project or partnership carried 
out under this section. The Secretary may not give any spe-
cial consideration to any agency or entity in return for a 
donation. 
(i) STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT.—In carrying out 
the activities authorized in this section, the Secretary 
shall— 
(1) collaborate with a range of stakeholders in-
cluding small businesses, institutes of higher edu-
cation, industry, and the National Laboratories; 
(2) leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
existing artificial intelligence and machine learning 
research; and 
(3) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
communities, and potential users of information pro-
duced under this section. 
(j) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
(3) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘na-
tional laboratory’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801). 
(4) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The term ‘‘eligible en-
tities’’ means— 
(A) an institution of higher education; 
(B) a National Laboratory; 
(C) a Federal research agency; 
(D) a State research agency; 
(E) a nonprofit research organization; 
(F) a private sector entity; or 
(G) a consortium of 2 or more entities de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) through (F). 
Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to authorize 
appropriations for fiscal year 2021 for military activities 
of the Department of Defense, for military construction, 
and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, 
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal 
year, and for other purposes.’’. 
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Union Calendar No. 354 
116TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 6395 
[Report No. 116–442] 
A BILL 
To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2021 for 
military activities of the Department of Defense 
and for military construction, to prescribe mili-
tary personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and 
for other purposes. 
JULY 9, 2020 
Reported with amendments; committed to the Committee 
of the Whole House on the State of the Union and or-
dered to be printed 
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