asking for the proper classification of an item on the 
Control List or the applicability of licensing require-
ments under this title, the Secretary shall promptly
notify the Secretary of Defense and the head of any 
department or agency the Secretary considers appro-
priate. The Secretary shall, within 14 days after re-
ceiving the request, inform the person making the 
request of the proper classification. 
(2) OTHER INQUIRIES.—In any case in which 
the Secretary receives a written request for informa-
tion under this Act, the Secretary shall, within 30 
days after receiving the request, reply with that in-
formation to the person making the request. 
SEC. 402. INTERAGENCY DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—All license applications on which 
agreement cannot be reached shall be referred to the inter-
agency dispute resolution process for decision. 
(b) INTERAGENCY
DISPUTE
RESOLUTION
PROC-
ESS.—
(1) INITIAL RESOLUTION.—The Secretary shall 
establish, select the chairperson of, and determine 
procedures for an interagency committee to review 
initially all license applications described in sub-
section (a) with respect to which the Secretary and 
any of the referral departments and agencies are not
in agreement. The chairperson shall consider the po-
sitions of all the referral departments and agencies 
(which shall be included in the minutes described in 
subsection (c)(2)) and make a decision on the license 
application, including appropriate revisions or condi-
tions thereto. 
(2) INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY.—The analytic 
product of the intelligence community should be fully 
considered with respect to any proposed license 
under this title. 
(3) FURTHER
RESOLUTION.—The President 
shall establish additional levels for review or appeal 
of any matter that cannot be resolved pursuant to 
the process described in paragraph (1). Each such 
review shall—
(A) provide for decision-making based on 
the majority vote of the participating depart-
ments and agencies; 
(B) provide that a department or agency 
that fails to take a timely position, citing the 
specific statutory and regulatory bases for a po-
sition, shall be deemed to have no objection to 
the pending decision; 
(C) provide that any decision of an inter-
agency committee established under paragraph
(1) or interagency dispute resolution process es-
tablished under this paragraph may be esca-
lated to the next higher level of review at the 
request of an official appointed by the Presi-
dent, by and with the advice of the Senate, or 
an officer properly acting in such capacity, of a 
department or agency that participated in the 
interagency committee or dispute resolution 
process that made the decision; and 
(D) ensure that matters are resolved or re-
ferred to the President not later than 90 days 
after the date the completed license application 
is referred by the Secretary. 
(c) FINAL ACTION.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Once a final decision is 
made under subsection (b), the Secretary shall 
promptly—
(A) issue the license and ensure that all 
appropriate personnel in the Department (in-
cluding the Office of Export Enforcement) are 
notified of all approved license applications; or 
(B) notify the applicant of the intention to 
deny the application. 
(2) MINUTES.—The interagency committee and 
each level of the interagency dispute resolution proc-
ess shall keep reasonably detailed minutes of all 
meetings. On each matter before the interagency 
committee or before any other level of the inter-
agency dispute resolution process in which members 
disagree, each member shall clearly state the reasons 
for the member’s position and the reasons shall be 
entered in the minutes. 
TITLE V—INTERNATIONAL AR-
RANGEMENTS; FOREIGN BOY-
COTTS; SANCTIONS; AND EN-
FORCEMENT 
SEC. 501. INTERNATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS. 
(a) MULTILATERAL EXPORT CONTROL REGIMES.—
(1) POLICY.—It is the policy of the United 
States to seek multilateral arrangements that sup-
port the national security objectives of the United 
States (as described in title II) and that establish 
fairer and more predictable competitive opportunities 
for United States exporters. 
(2) PARTICIPATION
IN
EXISTING
REGIMES.—
Congress encourages the United States to continue 
its active participation in and to strengthen existing 
multilateral export control regimes. 
(3) PARTICIPATION IN NEW REGIMES.—It is the 
policy of the United States to participate in addi-
tional multilateral export control regimes if such 
participation would serve the national security inter-
ests of the United States. 
(b) ANNUAL REPORT ON MULTILATERAL EXPORT 
CONTROL REGIMES.—Not later than February 1 of each 
year, the President shall submit to the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and
the Committee on International Relations of the House 
of Representatives a report evaluating the effectiveness of 
each multilateral export control regime, including an as-
sessment of the steps undertaken pursuant to subsections 
(c) and (d). The report, or any part of this report, may 
be submitted in classified form to the extent the President 
considers necessary. 
(c) STANDARDS FOR MULTILATERAL EXPORT CON-
TROL REGIMES.—The President shall take steps to estab-
lish the following features in any multilateral export con-
trol regime in which the United States is participating or 
may participate: 
(1) FULL MEMBERSHIP.—All supplier countries 
are members of the regime, and the policies and ac-
tivities of the members are consistent with the objec-
tives and membership criteria of the multilateral ex-
port control regime.
(2) EFFECTIVE
ENFORCEMENT
AND
COMPLI-
ANCE.—The regime promotes enforcement and com-
pliance with the regime’s rules and guidelines. 
(3) PUBLIC
UNDERSTANDING.—The regime 
makes an effort to enhance public understanding of
the purpose and procedures of the multilateral ex-
port control regime. 
(4) 
EFFECTIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
PROCE-
DURES.—The multilateral export control regime has 
procedures for the uniform and consistent interpre-
tation and implementation of its rules and guide-
lines. 
(5) ENHANCED
COOPERATION
WITH
REGIME 
NONMEMBERS.—There is agreement among the 
members of the multilateral export control regime 
to— 
(A) cooperate with governments outside 
the regime to restrict the export of items con-
trolled by such regime; and 
(B) establish an ongoing mechanism in the 
regime to coordinate planning and implementa-
tion of export control measures related to such 
cooperation. 
(6) PERIODIC HIGH-LEVEL MEETINGS.—There 
are regular periodic meetings of high-level represent-
atives of the governments of members of the multi-
lateral export control regime for the purpose of co-
ordinating export control policies and issuing policy 
guidance to members of the regime. 
(7) COMMON LIST OF CONTROLLED ITEMS.—
There is agreement on a common list of items con-
trolled by the multilateral export control regime. 
(8) REGULAR
UPDATES
OF
COMMON
LIST.—
There is a procedure for removing items from the 
list of controlled items when the control of such 
items no longer serves the objectives of the members 
of the multilateral export control regime. 
(9) TREATMENT
OF
CERTAIN
COUNTRIES.—
There is agreement to prevent the export or diver-
sion of the most sensitive items to countries whose 
activities are threatening to the national security of 
the United States or its allies. 
(10) HARMONIZATION OF LICENSE APPROVAL 
PROCEDURES.—There is harmonization among the 
members of the regime of their national export li-
cense approval procedures, practices, and standards. 
(11) UNDERCUTTING.—There is a limit with re-
spect to when members of a multilateral export con-
trol regime—
(A) grant export licenses for any item that 
is substantially identical to or directly competi-
tive with an item controlled pursuant to the re-
gime, where the United States has denied an 
export license for such item, or 
(B) approve exports to a particular end 
user to which the United States has denied ex-
port license for a similar item. 
(d) STANDARDS FOR NATIONAL EXPORT CONTROL 
SYSTEMS.—The President shall take steps to attain the 
cooperation of members of each regime in implementing 
effective national export control systems containing the 
following features: 
(1) EXPORT CONTROL LAW.—Enforcement au-
thority, civil and criminal penalties, and statutes of 
limitations are sufficient to deter potential violations 
and punish violators under the member’s export con-
trol law. 
(2) LICENSE APPROVAL PROCESS.—The system 
for evaluating export license applications includes 
sufficient technical expertise to assess the licensing 
status of exports and ensure the reliability of end 
users.
(3) ENFORCEMENT.—The enforcement mecha-
nism provides authority for trained enforcement offi-
cers to investigate and prevent illegal exports. 
(4) DOCUMENTATION.—There is a system of 
export control documentation and verification with 
respect to controlled items. 
(5) INFORMATION.—There are procedures for 
the coordination and exchange of information con-
cerning licensing, end users, and enforcement with 
other members of the multilateral export control re-
gime. 
(6) RESOURCES.—The member has devoted 
adequate resources to administer effectively the au-
thorities, systems, mechanisms, and procedures de-
scribed in paragraphs (1) through (5). 
(e) OBJECTIVES REGARDING MULTILATERAL EX-
PORT CONTROL REGIMES.—The President shall seek to 
achieve the following objectives with regard to multilateral 
export control regimes: 
(1) 
STRENGTHEN
EXISTING
REGIMES.—
Strengthen existing multilateral export control re-
gimes— 
(A) by creating a requirement to share in-
formation about export license applications
among members before a member approves an 
export license; and 
(B) harmonizing national export license 
approval procedures and practices, including 
the elimination of undercutting. 
(2) REVIEW AND UPDATE.—Review and update 
multilateral regime export control lists with other 
members, taking into account— 
(A) national security concerns; 
(B) the controllability of items; and
(C) the costs and benefits of controls. 
(3) ENCOURAGE
COMPLIANCE
BY
NONMEM-
BERS.—Encourage nonmembers of the multilateral 
export control regime—
(A) to strengthen their national export 
control regimes and improve enforcement; 
(B) to adhere to the appropriate multilat-
eral export control regime; and 
(C) not to undermine an existing multilat-
eral export control regime by exporting con-
trolled items in a manner inconsistent with the 
guidelines of the regime. 
(f) TRANSPARENCY
OF
MULTILATERAL
EXPORT 
CONTROL REGIMES.—
(1) PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION ON EACH 
EXISTING REGIME.—Not later than 120 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall, for each multilateral export control regime, to 
the extent that it is not inconsistent with the ar-
rangements of that regime (in the judgment of the 
Secretary of State) or with the national interest, 
publish in the Federal Register and post on the De-
partment of Commerce website the following infor-
mation with respect to the regime: 
(A) The purposes of the regime. 
(B) The members of the regime. 
(C) The export licensing policy of the re-
gime. 
(D) The items that are subject to export 
controls under the regime, together with all 
public notes, understandings, and other aspects 
of the agreement of the regime, and all changes 
thereto. 
(E) Any countries, end uses, or end users 
that are subject to the export controls of the re-
gime. 
(F) Rules of interpretation. 
(G) Major policy actions.
(H) The rules and procedures of the re-
gime for establishing and modifying any matter 
described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) 
and for reviewing export license applications. 
(2) NEW REGIMES.—Not later than 60 days 
after the United States joins or organizes a new 
multilateral export control regime, the Secretary 
shall, to the extent that it is not inconsistent with 
arrangements under the regime (in the judgment of 
the Secretary of State) or with the national interest, 
publish in the Federal Register and post on the De-
partment of Commerce website the information de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) through (H) of para-
graph (1) with respect to the regime. 
(3) PUBLICATION
OF
CHANGES.—Not later 
than 60 days after a multilateral export control re-
gime adopts any change in the information published 
under this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the ex-
tent not inconsistent with the arrangements under 
the regime or the national interest, publish such 
changes in the Federal Register and post such 
changes on the Department of Commerce website. 
(g) SUPPORT OF OTHER COUNTRIES’ EXPORT CON-
TROL SYSTEMS.—The Secretary is encouraged to continue 
to—
(1) participate in training of, and provide train-
ing to, officials of other countries on the principles 
and procedures for implementing effective export 
controls; and 
(2) participate in any such training provided by 
other departments and agencies of the United 
States. 
SEC. 502. FOREIGN BOYCOTTS. 
(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are as 
follows: 
(1) To counteract restrictive trade practices or 
boycotts fostered or imposed by foreign countries 
against other countries friendly to the United States 
or against any United States person. 
(2) To encourage and, in specified cases, re-
quire United States persons engaged in the export of 
items to refuse to take actions, including furnishing 
information or entering into or implementing agree-
ments, which have the effect of furthering or sup-
porting the restrictive trade practices or boycotts 
fostered or imposed by any foreign country against 
a country friendly to the United States or against 
any United States person. 
(b) PROHIBITIONS AND EXCEPTIONS.—
(1) PROHIBITIONS.—In order to carry out the 
purposes set forth in subsection (a), the President 
shall issue regulations prohibiting any United States 
person, with respect to that person’s activities in the 
interstate or foreign commerce of the United States, 
from taking or knowingly agreeing to take any of 
the following actions with intent to comply with, fur-
ther, or support any boycott fostered or imposed by 
a foreign country against a country that is friendly
to the United States and is not itself the object of 
any form of boycott pursuant to United States law 
or regulation: 
(A) Refusing, or requiring any other per-
son to refuse, to do business with or in the boy-
cotted country, with any business concern orga-
nized under the laws of the boycotted country, 
with any national or resident of the boycotted 
country, or with any other person, pursuant to 
an agreement with, or requirement of, or a re-
quest from or on behalf of the boycotting coun-
try (subject to the condition that the intent re-
quired to be associated with such an act in 
order to constitute a violation of the prohibition 
is not indicated solely by the mere absence of 
a business relationship with or in the boycotted
country, with any business concern organized 
under the laws of the boycotted country, with 
any national or resident of the boycotted coun-
try, or with any other person). 
(B) Refusing, or requiring any other per-
son to refuse, to employ or otherwise discrimi-
nate against any United States person on the 
basis of the race, religion, sex, or national ori-
gin of that person or of any owner, officer, di-
rector, or employee of such person. 
(C) Furnishing information with respect to 
the race, religion, sex, or national origin of any
United States person or of any owner, officer, 
director, or employee of such person. 
(D) Furnishing information (other than 
furnishing normal business information in a 
commercial context, as defined by the Sec-
retary) about whether any person has, has had, 
or proposes to have any business relationship 
(including a relationship by way of sale, pur-
chase, legal or commercial representation, ship-
ping or other transport, insurance, investment, 
or supply) with or in the boycotted country, 
with any business concern organized under the 
laws of the boycotted country, with any national
or resident of the boycotted country, or with 
any other person that is known or believed to 
be restricted from having any business relation-
ship with or in the boycotting country. 
(E) Furnishing information about whether 
any person is a member of, has made a con-
tribution to, or is otherwise associated with or 
involved in the activities of any charitable or 
fraternal organization which supports the boy-
cotted country. 
(F) Paying, honoring, confirming, or other-
wise implementing a letter of credit which con-
tains any condition or requirement the compli-
ance with which is prohibited by regulations 
issued pursuant to this paragraph, and no 
United States person shall, as a result of the 
application of this paragraph, be obligated to 
pay or otherwise honor or implement such letter 
of credit. 
(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Regulations issued pursuant 
to paragraph (1) shall provide exceptions for—
(A) compliance, or agreement to comply, 
with requirements—
(i) prohibiting the import of items 
from the boycotted country or items pro-
duced or provided, by any business concern 
organized under the laws of the boycotted 
country or by nationals or residents of the 
boycotted country; or 
(ii) prohibiting the shipment of items 
to the boycotting country on a carrier of 
the boycotted country or by a route other 
than that prescribed by the boycotting 
country or the recipient of the shipment; 
(B) compliance, or agreement to comply, 
with import and shipping document require-
ments with respect to the country of origin, the 
name of the carrier and route of shipment, the 
name of the supplier of the shipment, or the 
name of the provider of other services, except 
that, for purposes of applying any exception 
under this subparagraph, no information know-
ingly furnished or conveyed in response to such 
requirements may be stated in negative, black-
listing, or similar exclusionary terms, other 
than with respect to carriers or route of ship-
ment as may be permitted by such regulations 
in order to comply with precautionary require-
ments protecting against war risks and confis-
cation;
(C) compliance, or agreement to comply, in 
the normal course of business with the unilat-
eral and specific selection by a boycotting coun-
try, or a national or resident thereof, or car-
riers, insurers, suppliers of services to be per-
formed within the boycotting country, or spe-
cific items which, in the normal course of busi-
ness, are identifiable by source when imported 
into the boycotting country; 
(D) compliance, or agreement to comply, 
with export requirements of the boycotting 
country relating to shipment or transshipment 
of exports to the boycotted country, to any busi-
ness concern of or organized under the laws of 
the boycotted country, or to any national or 
resident of the boycotted country; 
(E) compliance by an individual, or agree-
ment by an individual to comply, with the immi-
gration or passport requirements of any country 
with respect to such individual or any member 
of such individual’s family or with requests for 
information regarding requirements of employ-
ment of such individual within the boycotting 
country; and
(F) compliance by a United States person 
resident in a foreign country, or agreement by 
such a person to comply, with the laws of the 
country with respect to the person’s activities 
exclusively therein, and such regulations may 
contain exceptions for such resident complying 
with the laws or regulations of the foreign coun-
try governing imports into such country of
trademarked, trade-named, or similarly specifi-
cally identifiable products, or components of 
products for such person’s own use, including 
the performance of contractual services within 
that country. 
(3) LIMITATION ON EXCEPTIONS.—Regulations 
issued pursuant to paragraphs (2)(C) and (2)(F) 
shall not provide exceptions from paragraphs (1)(B) 
and (1)(C). 
(4) ANTITRUST AND CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS NOT 
AFFECTED.—Nothing in this subsection may be con-
strued to supersede or limit the operation of the 
antitrust or civil rights laws of the United States. 
(5) EVASION.—This section applies to any 
transaction or activity undertaken by or through a 
United States person or any other person with in-
tent to evade the provisions of this section or the