II
Calendar No. 143
103D CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 1944
[Report No. 103–98]
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
JUNE 22, 1993
Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources
JULY 16 (legislative day, JUNE 30), 1993
Reported by Mr. JOHNSTON, with an amendment
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic]
AN ACT
To provide for additional development at War in the Pacific
National Historical Park, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that—
(1) June 15 through August 10, 1994, marks
the 50th anniversary of the Mariana campaign of
World War II in which American forces captured the
islands of Saipan and Tinian in the Northern Mari-
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anas and liberated the United States Territory of
Guam from Japanese occupation;
(2) an attack during this campaign by the Jap-
anese Imperial fleet, aimed at countering the Amer-
ican forces that had landed on Saipan, led to the
battle of the Philippine Sea, which resulted in a
crushing defeat for the Japanese by United States
naval forces and the destruction of the effectiveness
of the Japanese carrier-based airpower;
(3) the recapture of Guam liberated one of the
few pieces of United States territory that was occu-
pied for two and one-half years by the enemy during
World War II and restored freedom to the indige-
nous Chamorros on Guam who suffered as a result
of the Japanese occupation;
(4) Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast
Guard units distinguished themselves with their he-
roic bravery and sacrifice;
(5) the Guam Insular Force Guard, the Guam
militia, and the people of Guam earned the highest
respect for their defense of the island during the
Japanese invasion and their resistance during the
occupation; their assistance to the American forces
as scouts for the American invasion was invaluable;
and their role, as members of the Guam Combat Pa-
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trol, was instrumental in seeking out the remaining
Japanese forces and restoring peace to the island;
(6)
during
the
occupation,
the
people
of
Guam—
(A)
were
forcibly
removed
from
their
homes;
(B) were relocated to remote sections of
the island;
(C) were required to perform forced labor
and faced other harsh treatment, injustices, and
death; and
(D) were placed in concentration camps
when the American invasion became imminent
and were brutalized by their occupiers when the
liberation of Guam became apparent to the
Japanese;
(7)
the
liberation
of
the
Mariana
Islands
marked a pivotal point in the Pacific war and led to
the American victories at Iwo Jima, Okinawa, the
Philippines, Taiwan, and the south China coast, and
ultimately against the Japanese home islands;
(8) the Mariana Islands of Guam, Saipan, and
Tinian provided, for the first time during the war,
air bases which allowed land-based American bomb-
ers to reach strategic targets in Japan; and
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(9) the air offensive conducted from the Mari-
anas against the Japanese war-making capability
helped shorten the war and ultimately reduced the
toll of lives to secure peace in the Pacific.
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) an appropriate commemoration of the 50th
anniversary of the Mariana campaign should be
planned by the United States in conjunction with
the Government of Guam and the Government of the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
(2) the Secretary of the Interior should take all
necessary steps to ensure that appropriate visitor fa-
cilities at War in the Pacific National Historical
Park on Guam are expeditiously developed and con-
structed; and
(3) the Secretary of the Interior should take all
necessary steps to ensure that the monument ref-
erenced in section 3(b) is completed before July 21,
1994, for the 50th anniversary commemoration, to
provide adequate historical interpretation of the
events described in section 1.
SEC. 3. WAR IN THE PACIFIC NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK.
(a)
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Sub-
section (k) of section 6 of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to
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authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the
United States, and for other purposes’’, approved August
18, 1978 (92 Stat. 493; 16 U.S.C. 410dd) is amended
by striking ‘‘$500,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$8,000,000’’.
(b) DEVELOPMENT.—Section 6 is further amended
by adding at the end the following subsections:
‘‘(l) Within the boundaries of the park, the Secretary
is authorized to construct a monument which shall com-
memorate, by individual name, those people of Guam, liv-
ing and dead, who suffered personal injury, forced labor,
forced marches, internment or death incident to enemy oc-
cupation of Guam between December 8, 1941, and August
10, 1944.
‘‘(m) Within the boundaries of the park, the Sec-
retary is authorized to implement programs to interpret
experiences of the people of Guam during World War II,
including, but not limited to, oral histories of those people
of Guam who experienced the occupation.
‘‘(n) Within six months after the date of enactment
of this subsection, the Secretary, through the Director of
the National Park Service, shall develop and transmit to
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the
Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the
House of Representatives a report containing updated cost
estimates for the development of the park. Further, this
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report shall contain a general plan to implement sub-
sections (l) and (m), including, at a minimum, cost esti-
mates for the design and construction of the monument
authorized in section (l).
‘‘(o) Within six months after the date of enactment
of this subsection, the Secretary, through the Assistant
Secretary of Territorial and International Affairs, shall
compile and transmit to the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on
Natural Resources of the House of Representatives a list
of names to appear on the monument authorized in sub-
section (l).
‘‘(p) The Secretary may take such steps as may be
necessary to preserve and protect various World War II
vintage weapons and fortifications which exist within the
boundaries of the park.’’.
SECTION 1. FINDINGS.
Congress finds that—
(1) June 15 through August 10, 1994, marks the
50th anniversary of the Mariana campaign of World
War II in which United States forces captured the
Japanese islands of Saipan and Tinian and liberated
the United States Territory of Guam from Japan;
(2) an attack during this campaign by the Japa-
nese combined fleet, aimed at annihilating the United
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States forces that had landed on Saipan, led to the
battle of the Philippine Sea, which resulted in a
crushing defeat for the Japanese by United States
naval forces and the destruction of the effectiveness of
the Japanese carrier-based airpower;
(3) the recapture of Guam liberated one of the
few pieces of United States territory that was occu-
pied by the enemy during World War II and restored
United States Government to more than 20,000 na-
tive Guamanians;
(4) units of the United States Army, Navy, Ma-
rine Corps, and Coast Guard fought with great brav-
ery and sacrifice, suffering casualties of approxi-
mately 5,700 killed and missing and 21,900 wounded
in action;
(5) United States forces succeeded in destroying
all Japanese garrisons in Saipan, Tinian, and
Guam, which resulted in Japanese military casualties
of 54,000 dead and 21,900 taken prisoner;
(6) Guamanians, notably members of the Navy
Insular Force Guard and volunteer militia, bravely
resisted the invasion and occupation of their island,
and ultimately assisted in the expulsion of Japanese
forces from Guam;
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(7) at the hands of the Japanese, the people of
Guam—
(A) were forcibly removed from their homes;
(B) were relocated to remote sections of the
island;
(C) were required to perform forced labor
and faced other harsh treatment, injustices, and
death; and
(D) were eventually placed in concentration
camps and subjected to retribution when the lib-
eration of their island became apparent to the
Japanese;
(8) the seizure of the Mariana Islands severed
Japanese lines of communication between Japan
proper and those remaining Japanese bases and forces
in the Central Pacific south of the Mariana Islands
and in the South Pacific as well;
(9) the Mariana Islands provided large island
areas on which advance bases could be constructed to
support further operations against Japanese posses-
sions and conquered territories such as Iwo Jima and
Okinawa, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the south
China coast, and ultimately against the Japanese
home islands;
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(10) the Mariana Islands provided, for the first
time during the war, island air bases from which
United States land-based airpower could reach Japan
itself; and
(11) the air offensive staged from the Mariana
Islands against Japanese cities and economic infra-
structure helped shorten the war and vitiate the need
for the invasion and capture of the Japanese home is-
lands.
SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) an appropriate commemoration of the 50th
anniversary of the Mariana campaign should be
planned; and
(2) the Secretary of the Interior should take all
necessary steps to ensure that two visitors centers to
provide appropriate facilities for the interpretation of
the events described in section 1 are completed, one at
the War in the Pacific National Historical Park and
one at the American Memorial Park, before June 15,
1994, the beginning of the 50th anniversary of the
campaign.
SEC. 3. WAR IN THE PACIFIC NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK.
Section 6(k) of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to authorize
appropriations for certain insular areas of the United
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States, and for other purposes’’, approved August 18, 1978
(92 Stat. 493; 16 U.S.C. 410 dd(k)), is amended by striking
‘‘$500,000’’ and inserting in lieu thereof ‘‘$8,000,000’’.
SEC. 4. AMERICAN MEMORIAL PARK.
Section 5(g) of the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to authorize
appropriations for certain insular areas of the United
States, and for other purposes’’, approved August 18, 1978
(92 Stat. 492), is amended by striking ‘‘$3,000,000’’ and
inserting in lieu thereof ‘‘$8,000,000’’.
Passed the House of Representatives June 21, 1993.
Attest:
DONNALD K. ANDERSON,
Clerk.