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have demonstrated expertise in the development
and promotion of successful private producer-
owned cooperative marketing associations; and
(B) to facilitate partnerships between
United States and African cooperatives and pri-
vate businesses to enhance the capacity and
technical and marketing expertise of business
associations in sub-Saharan Africa.
SEC. 104. AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT AC-
TIVITIES OF THE OVERSEAS PRIVATE IN-
VESTMENT CORPORATION.
(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to en-
courage the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to
work with United States businesses and other United
States entities to invest in rural sub-Saharan Africa, par-
ticularly in ways that will develop the capacities of small-
scale farmers and small rural entrepreneurs, including
women, in sub-Saharan Africa.
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
(1) the Overseas Private Investment Corpora-
tion should exercise its authority under law to un-
dertake an initiative to support private agricultural
and rural development in sub-Saharan Africa, in-
cluding issuing loans, guaranties, and insurance, to
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support rural development in sub-Saharan Africa,
particularly to support intermediary organizations
that—
(A) directly serve the needs of small-scale
farmers, small rural entrepreneurs, and rural
producer-owned cooperative purchasing and
marketing associations;
(B) have a clear track record of support
for sound business management practices; and
(C) have demonstrated experience with
participatory development methods; and
(2) the Overseas Private Investment Corpora-
tion should utilize existing equity funds, loan and in-
surance funds, to the extent feasible and in accord-
ance with existing contractual obligations, to support
agriculture and rural development in sub-Saharan
Africa.
SEC. 105. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION AC-
TIVITIES.
(a) DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN.—The Administrator of
the United States Agency for International Development,
in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and ap-
propriate Department of Agriculture agencies, especially
the Cooperative State, Research, Education and Extension
Service (CSREES), shall develop a comprehensive plan to
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coordinate and build on the research and extension activi-
ties of United States land-grant universities, international
agricultural research centers, and national agricultural re-
search and extension centers in sub-Saharan Africa.
(b) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—Such plan shall
seek to ensure that—
(1) research and extension activities will re-
spond to the needs of small-scale farmers while de-
veloping the potential and skills of researchers, ex-
tension agents, farmers, and agribusiness persons in
sub-Saharan Africa;
(2) sustainable agricultural methods of farming
will be considered together with new technologies in
increasing agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan
Africa; and
(3) research and extension efforts will focus on
sustainable agricultural practices and will be adapt-
ed to widely varying climates within sub-Saharan Af-
rica.
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TITLE II—WORLDWIDE FOOD AS-
SISTANCE 
AND 
AGRICUL-
TURAL PROGRAMS
Subtitle A—Nonemergency Food
Assistance Programs
SEC. 201. NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—In providing nonemergency assist-
ance under title II of the Agricultural Trade Development
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.), the
Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development shall ensure that—
(1) in planning, decisionmaking, and implemen-
tation in providing such assistance, the Adminis-
trator takes into consideration local input and par-
ticipation directly and through United States and in-
digenous private and voluntary organizations;
(2) each of the nonemergency activities de-
scribed in paragraphs (2) through (6) of section 201
of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1721), including programs
that provide assistance to people of any age group
who are otherwise unable to meet their basic food
needs (including feeding programs for the disabled,
orphaned, elderly, sick and dying), are carried out;
and
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(3) greater flexibility is provided for program
and evaluation plans so that such assistance may be
developed to meet local needs, as provided for in sec-
tion 202(f) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1722(f)).
(b) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—In providing assist-
ance under the Agriculture Trade Development and As-
sistance Act of 1954, the Secretary of Agriculture and the
Administrator of United States Agency for International
Development shall ensure that commodities are provided
in a manner that is consistent with sections 403 (a) and
(b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1733 (a) and (b)).
Subtitle B—Bill Emerson Humani-
tarian International Food Secu-
rity Trust Act of 1998
SEC. 211. SHORT TITLE.
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Bill Emerson Hu-
manitarian International Food Security Trust Act of
1998’’.
SEC. 212. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 302 of the Agricultural
Act of 1980 (7 U.S.C. 1736f–1) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting
‘‘OR FUNDS’’ after ‘‘COMMODITIES’’;
(B) in paragraph (1)—