to serve as reliable indicators of such stresses. The
criteria 
must 
consider 
the 
range 
of 
related
ecosystems (including surface and ground waters,
tributaries, wetlands, and runoff areas) that affect
or are affected by the specific water system as well
as the various functions served by the entire water
system (such as animal feeding or breeding ground,
recreational purpose, flood control, drinking water,
or irrigation).
SEC. 8. ECOSYSTEM MONITORING PROTOCOLS.
Section 305 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1315) is amended by adding at the end
the following new subsection:
‘‘(c)(1) Not later than 36 months after the date of
enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall issue
protocols based on the research and development program
carried out under section 104(w) for the use of the States
in conducting the water quality assessments required in
subsection (b)(1) of this section. These protocols shall seek
to provide an appropriate degree of uniformity while still
addressing regional or local needs.
‘‘(2) Protocols issued under this subsection shall in-
clude specific requirements for monitoring rivers, streams,
estuaries, coastal waters, and lakes, including monitoring
networks responsive to storm events. Such protocols shall
also address—
‘‘(A) priority waters in each State which must
be assessed in order to derive usable data regarding
(i) the ecological status of the water bodies, and (ii)
the support of designated uses; and
‘‘(B) uniform monitoring and modeling tech-
niques.’’.
SEC. 9. POLLUTION PREVENTION RESEARCH.
Section 104 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1254) is further amended by adding at
the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(x) In carrying out this section, the Administrator
shall conduct a basic research technology development and
demonstration program to identify, test, and demonstrate
cost-effective preventive measures for sources of pollution
in complex watersheds having a mix of land use types, in-
cluding urban, suburban, agricultural, and industrial.
Such program shall include the following elements:
‘‘(1) Development of improved strategies and
technologies for simultaneously reducing water in-
flow and infiltration into sewer systems and reduc-
ing or effectively treating toxic materials and other
pollutants.
‘‘(2) Development of improved strategies and
technologies for preventing and reducing the infiltra-
tion of toxic materials into wastewater treatment fa-
cilities, including development of treatment processes
involving modified or engineered organisms.
‘‘(3) Development of programs to enhance the
beneficial use of sludge.
‘‘(4) Identification of wastewater sources that
are significant contributors to contaminated sedi-
ments that impair health and ecological systems.’’.
SEC. 10. WETLANDS RESEARCH.
Section 104 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1254) is further amended by adding at
the end the following new subsection:
‘‘(y) In carrying out this section, the Administrator
shall conduct a basic research, development, and dem-
onstration program for wetlands. Such program shall in-
clude the following elements:
‘‘(1) A determination of whether efficacious
methods exist for natural wetland preservation and
for wetland creation and restoration for both fresh
and salt water wetlands. Such program shall include
research on—
‘‘(A) the hydrologic requirements of var-
ious plants and animals necessary to sustain
wetland ecosystems;
‘‘(B) the importance of substrata to flora,
fauna, and various wetland functions such as
removal of toxic materials;
‘‘(C) 
characteristics 
and 
rates 
of
revegetation with various types of plantings;
‘‘(D) comparison of the functions of natu-
ral versus restored and created wetlands includ-
ing support of species, removal of toxic mate-
rials, and water quality enhancement;
‘‘(E) comparison of the stability of natural
versus restored and created wetlands;
‘‘(F) evaluation of the impact of sediments,
nutrients, toxic runoff, pedestrian use, off-road
vehicle use, and grazing on natural and both re-
stored and created wetlands; and
‘‘(G) evaluation of management alter-
natives that would lessen impacts to natural
and both restored and created wetlands.
‘‘(2) Evaluation of the uses of constructed mul-
tipurpose wetlands for environmental enhancement
as well as the management of water quality prob-
lems, waste disposal practices, and various other
types of water impoundments. Such program shall
include research on—
‘‘(A) evaluation of the ability of con-
structed multipurpose wetlands to provide bio-
logical diversity, habitat value, and recreational
opportunities, to control erosion and remove
and treat contaminants from natural or anthro-
pogenic sources, and to protect water quality to
the same extent as do naturally occurring wet-
lands;
‘‘(B) development of design criteria capa-
ble of optimizing the environmental value and
treatment capacity of constructed multipurpose
wetlands; and
‘‘(C) identification of strategies to incor-
porate the use of constructed multipurpose wet-
lands into comprehensive water resource man-
agement programs.’’.
SEC. 11. TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.
Section 105 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act (33 U.S.C. 1255) is amended to read as follows:
‘‘TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
‘‘SEC. 105. (a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator
shall establish a program to develop and demonstrate
practices, methods, technologies, or processes which may
be effective in prevention and control of industrial and mu-
nicipal sources or potential sources of water pollution.
‘‘(b) GRANT ASSISTANCE.—(1) The Administrator
may provide grants to public agencies and authorities,
nonprofit organizations and institutions and enter into co-
operative agreements or contracts with other persons to
demonstrate water pollution control practices, methods,
technologies, or processes.
‘‘(2) The Administrator may assist demonstration ac-
tivities only if—
‘‘(A) such demonstration activity will serve to
demonstrate a new or significantly improved prac-
tice, method, technology, or process or the feasibility
and cost effectiveness of an existing, but unproven,
practice, method, technology, or process and will not
duplicate other Federal, State, local, or commercial
efforts to demonstrate such practice, method, tech-
nology, or process;
‘‘(B) such demonstration activity meets the re-
quirements of this section and serves the purposes of
this Act;
‘‘(C) the demonstration of such practice, meth-
od, technology, or process will comply with all other
laws and regulations for the protection of human
health, welfare, and the environment; and