has engaged in a pattern of noncooperation as 
a Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation. 
(B) BASIS OF REVIEW.—Each review con-
ducted under subparagraph (A) shall be based 
upon information contained in the latest Annual 
Report and on any other evidence available. 
(2) DETERMINATIONS
OF
RESPONSIBLE
PAR-
TIES.—For the government of each country des-
ignated as a Country With a Pattern of Noncoopera-
tion under paragraph (1)(A), the President shall 
seek to determine the agencies or instrumentalities 
of such government that are responsible for the pat-
tern of noncooperation by such government in order 
to appropriately target actions under this section in 
response. 
(3) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Whenever 
the President designates a country as a Country 
With a Pattern of Noncooperation under paragraph 
(1)(A), the President shall, as soon as practicable 
after such designation is made, transmit to the ap-
propriate congressional committees— 
(A) the designation of the country, signed 
by the President; and 
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(B) the identification, if any, of responsible 
agencies or instrumentalities determined under 
paragraph (2). 
(c) PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS WITH RESPECT TO A 
COUNTRY WITH A PATTERN OF NONCOOPERATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraphs (2) 
and (3) with respect to each Country With a Pattern 
of Noncooperation designated under subsection 
(b)(1)(A), the President shall, after the require-
ments of sections 203 and 204 have been satisfied, 
but not later than 90 days (or 180 days in case of 
a delay under paragraph (2)) after the date of such 
designation of the country under such subsection, 
take 1 or more of the actions under paragraphs (11) 
through (18) of section 205(a) (or commensurate ac-
tion as provided in section 205(b)). 
(2) AUTHORITY FOR DELAY OF PRESIDENTIAL 
ACTIONS.—If, on or before the date that the Presi-
dent is required to take action under paragraph (1), 
the President determines and certifies to the appro-
priate congressional committees that a single, addi-
tional period of time not to exceed 90 days is nec-
essary— 
(A) for a continuation of negotiations that 
have been commenced with the government of 
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such country to bring about a cessation of the 
pattern of noncooperation by such country, or 
(B) for a review of corrective action taken 
by such country after designation of such coun-
try as a Country With a Pattern of Non-
cooperation under subsection (b)(1)(A) or in 
anticipation that corrective action will be taken 
by such country during such 90-day period, 
the President shall not be required to take such ac-
tion until the expiration of such period of time. 
(3) EXCEPTION
FOR
ONGOING
PRESIDENTIAL 
ACTION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall not 
be required to take action under paragraph (1) 
with respect to a Country With a Pattern of 
Noncooperation if— 
(i) the President has taken action 
pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to 
such country in a preceding year, such ac-
tion is in effect at the time such country 
is designated as a Country with a Pattern 
of 
Noncooperation 
under 
subsection 
(b)(1)(A), and the President submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees 
the information described in section 204 
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regarding the actions in effect with respect 
to such country; or 
(ii) subject to subparagraph (B), the 
President determines that such country is 
subject to multiple, broad-based sanctions 
imposed in significant part in response to 
human rights abuses and that such sanc-
tions also satisfy the requirements of this 
subsection. 
(B) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.—If the 
President makes a determination under sub-
paragraph (A)(ii)— 
(i) the report under section 204 and, 
as applicable, the publication in the Fed-
eral Register under section 208, shall 
specify the specific sanction or sanctions 
that the President has determined satisfy 
the requirements of this subsection; and 
(ii) such sanctions shall remain in ef-
fect subject to section 209. 
(d) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—A determination 
under this section that a foreign country has engaged in 
a pattern of noncooperation shall not be construed to re-
quire the termination of assistance or other activities with 
respect to such country under any other provision of law, 
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including section 116 or 502B of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151(n) or 2304). 
SEC. 203. CONSULTATIONS. 
(a) DUTY TO CONSULT WITH FOREIGN GOVERN-
MENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As soon as practicable after 
the President makes a determination under section 
201 in response to failures to resolve unresolved 
cases and the President decides to take action under 
paragraphs (11) through (18) of section 205(a) (or 
commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)) 
with respect to that country, or not later than 90 
days after the President designates a country as a 
Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation pursuant 
to section 202(b)(1)(A), the President shall— 
(A) request consultation with the govern-
ment of such country regarding the failures giv-
ing rise to designation of that country as a 
Country With a Pattern of Noncooperation re-
garding the pattern of noncooperation or to ac-
tion under section 201; and 
(B) if agreed to, enter into such consulta-
tions with such country, privately or publicly. 
(2) DUTY
TO
CONSULT
WITH
LEFT-BEHIND 
PARENTS.—The President shall consult with left-be-
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hind parents who have an abduction case involving 
a child located in the country referenced in para-
graph (1)(A), or designated representatives or rep-
resentative groups of such left-behind parents, dur-
ing the course of the consultations conducted pursu-
ant to paragraph (1) concerning the potential impact 
of such consultations on the resolution of such cases. 
SEC. 204. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (b), not 
later than 90 days after the President makes a determina-
tion under section 201 in response to failures to resolve 
unresolved cases and the President decides to take action 
under paragraphs (11) through (18) of section 205(a) (or 
commensurate action as provided in section 205(b)) with 
respect to that country, or not later than 90 days after 
the President designates a country as a Country With a 
Pattern 
of 
Noncooperation 
pursuant 
to 
section 
202(b)(1)(A), the President shall transmit to the appro-
priate congressional committees a report on the following: 
(1) IDENTIFICATION
OF
PRESIDENTIAL
AC-
TIONS.—An identification of the action or actions 
described in section 205(a) (or commensurate action 
as provided in section 205(b)) to be taken with re-
spect to such country. 
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(2) DESCRIPTION OF VIOLATIONS.—A descrip-
tion of the failure to resolve an unresolved case or 
the pattern of noncooperation, as applicable, giving 
rise to the action or actions to be taken by the 
President. 
(3) PURPOSE OF PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS.—A 
description of the purpose of the action or actions. 
(4) EVALUATION.— 
(A) DESCRIPTION.—An evaluation, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State, the par-
ties described in section 203(b), and other par-
ties the President determines appropriate, of 
the anticipated impact of the Presidential ac-
tion upon— 
(i) pending abduction cases in such 
country; 
(ii) the government of such country; 
(iii) the population of such country; 
(iv) the United States economy; 
(v) other interested parties; and 
(vi) if such country is a Convention 
country or an MOU country, the reciprocal 
fulfillment of obligations pursuant to such 
Convention or applicable MOU, as applica-
ble. 
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(B) FORM.—The evaluation under sub-
paragraph (A) shall be transmitted in unclassi-
fied form, but may contain a classified annex if 
necessary. 
(5) STATEMENT OF POLICY OPTIONS.—A state-
ment that noneconomic policy options designed to 
resolve the unresolved case or bring about the ces-
sation of the pattern of noncooperation have reason-
ably been exhausted, including the consultations re-
quired in section 203. 
(b) DELAY IN TRANSMITTAL OF REPORT.—If, on or 
before the date that the President is required to submit 
a report under subsection (a) to the appropriate congres-
sional committees, the President determines and certifies 
to such committees that a single, additional period of time 
not to exceed 90 days is necessary pursuant to section 
202(c)(2), the President shall not be required to submit 
the report to such committees until the expiration of such 
period of time. 
SEC. 205. PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS. 
(a) DESCRIPTION OF PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS.—Ex-
cept as provided in subsection (c), the Presidential actions 
referred to in this subsection are the following: 
(1) A private demarche. 
(2) An official public demarche. 
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(3) A public condemnation. 
(4) A public condemnation within one or more 
multilateral fora. 
(5) The delay or cancellation of one or more 
scientific exchanges. 
(6) The delay or cancellation of one or more 
cultural exchanges. 
(7) The denial of one or more working, official, 
or state visits. 
(8) The delay or cancellation of one or more 
working, official, or state visits. 
(9) A formal request to the foreign country con-
cerned to extradite the individual who is engaged in 
abduction. 
(10) The restriction of the number of visas 
issued to nationals of such country pursuant to sub-
paragraphs (F), (J), or (M) of section 101(a)(15) of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)(15)). 
(11) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension 
of United States development assistance in accord-
ance with section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n). 
(12) Directing the Export-Import Bank of the 
United States, the Overseas Private Investment Cor-
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poration, or the Trade and Development Agency not 
to approve the issuance of any (or a specified num-
ber of) guarantees, insurance, extensions of credit, 
or participations in the extension of credit with re-
spect to such government or the agency or instru-
mentality of such government determined by the 
President to be responsible for such unresolved case 
or pattern of noncooperation, as applicable. 
(13) The withdrawal, limitation, or suspension 
of United States security assistance in accordance 
with section 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304). 
(14) In accordance with section 701 of the 
International Financial Institutions Act of 1977 (22 
U.S.C. 262d), directing the United States executive 
directors of international financial institutions to op-
pose and vote against loans primarily benefitting 
such government or the agency or instrumentality of 
such government determined by the President to be 
responsible for such unresolved case or pattern of 
noncooperation, as applicable. 
(15) The denial, withdrawal, suspension, or lim-
itation of benefits provided pursuant to title V of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.), relat-
ing to the Generalized System of Preferences. 
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(16) Ordering the heads of the appropriate 
United States agencies not to issue any (or a speci-
fied number of) specific licenses, and not to grant 
any other specific authority (or a specified number 
of authorities), to export any goods or technology to 
such government or to the agency or instrumentality 
of such government determined by the President to 
be responsible for such unresolved case or pattern of 
noncooperation, as applicable, under— 
(A) the Export Administration Act of 1979 
(as continued in effect under the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act); 
(B) the Arms Export Control Act; 
(C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954; or 
(D) any other statute that requires the 
prior review and approval of the United States 
Government as a condition for the export or re- 
export of goods or services. 
(17) Prohibiting any United States financial in-
stitution from making loans or providing credits to-
taling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month pe-
riod to such government or to the agency or instru-
mentality of such government determined by the 
President to be responsible for such unresolved case 
or pattern of noncooperation, as applicable. 
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(18) Prohibiting the United States Government 
from procuring, or entering into any contract for the 
procurement of, any goods or services from such 
government or from the agency or instrumentality of 
such government determined by the President to be 
responsible for such unresolved case or pattern of 
noncooperation, as applicable. 
(b) COMMENSURATE ACTION.—Except as provided in 
subsection (c), the President may substitute any other ac-
tion authorized by law for any action described in sub-
section (a) if such action is commensurate in effect to the 
action substituted and if such action would further the 
purposes of this Act as specified in section 2(c). The Presi-
dent shall seek to take all appropriate and feasible actions 
authorized by law to resolve the unresolved case or to ob-
tain the cessation of such pattern of noncooperation, as 
applicable. If commensurate action is taken under this 
subsection, the President shall transmit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report on such action, together 
with an explanation for taking such action. 
(c) EXCEPTIONS.—Any action taken pursuant to sub-
section (a) or (b) may not prohibit or restrict the provision 
of medicine, medical equipment or supplies, food, or other 
life-saving humanitarian assistance. 
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SEC. 206. EFFECTS ON EXISTING CONTRACTS. 
The President shall not be required to apply or main-
tain any action under section 205— 
(1) in the case of procurement of defense arti-
cles or defense services— 
(A) under existing contracts or sub-
contracts, including the exercise of options for 
production quantities, to satisfy requirements 
essential to the national security of the United 
States; 
(B) if the President determines in writing 
and transmits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report that the government or the 
agency or instrumentality of such government 
to which such action would otherwise be applied 
is a sole source supplier of such defense articles 
or services, that such defense articles or serv-
ices are essential, and that alternative sources 
are not readily or reasonably available; or 
(C) if the President determines in writing 
and transmits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report that such defense articles 
or services are essential to the national security 
of the United States under defense co-produc-
tion agreements; or 
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(2) to products or services provided under con-
tracts entered into before the date on which the 
President publishes in the Federal Register notice of 
such action in accordance with section 208. 
SEC. 207. PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (b), the 
President may waive the application of any of the actions 
described in paragraphs (11) through (18) of section 
205(a) (or commensurate action as provided in section 
205(b)) with respect to a country, if the President deter-
mines and so reports to the appropriate congressional 
committees that— 
(1) the government of such country has satis-
factorily resolved any abduction cases or access cases 
giving rise to the application of any of such actions 
and— 
(A) if such country is a Convention coun-
try, such country has taken measures to ensure 
future compliance with the provisions of the 
Hague Abduction Convention; 
(B) if such country is an MOU country, 
such country has taken measures to ensure fu-
ture compliance with the provisions of the MOU 
at issue; or 
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(C) if such country was a nonparty country 
at the time the abductions or denials of rights 
of access resulting in the abduction cases or ac-
cess cases occurred, such country has become a 
Convention country or an MOU country; 
(2) the exercise of such waiver authority would 
further the purposes of this Act; or 
(3) the important national interest of the 
United States requires the exercise of such waiver 
authority. 
(b) CONGRESSIONAL NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 
the date of the exercise of a waiver under subsection (a), 
the President shall notify the appropriate congressional 
committees of such waiver or the intention to exercise such 
waiver, together with a detailed justification thereof. 
SEC. 208. PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subsection (b), the 
President shall ensure publication in the Federal Register 
of the following: 
(1) 
DETERMINATIONS
OF
GOVERNMENTS, 
AGENCIES, 
INSTRUMENTALITIES
OF
COUNTRIES 
WITH PATTERNS OF NONCOOPERATION.—Any des-
ignation of a country that the President has des-
ignated as a Country With a Pattern of Noncoopera-
tion under section 202(b)(1), together with, when 
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applicable and to the extent practicable, the identi-
ties of agencies or instrumentalities determined to be 
responsible for such pattern of noncooperation. 
(2) PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS.—A description of 
any action under paragraphs (11) through (18) of 
section 205(a) (or commensurate action as provided 
in section 205(b)) and the effective date of such ac-
tion. 
(3) DELAYS
IN
TRANSMITTAL
OF
PRESI-
DENTIAL
ACTION
REPORTS.—Any delay in trans-
mittal of a report required under section 204. 
(4) WAIVERS.—Any waiver issued under section 
207. 
(b) LIMITED DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—The 
President may limit publication of information under this 
section in the same manner and to the same extent as 
the President may limit the publication of findings and 
determinations described in section 654(c) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2414(c)), if the Presi-
dent determines that the publication of such informa-
tion— 
(1) would be harmful to the national security of 
the United States; or 
(2) would not further the purposes of this Act. 
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SEC. 209. TERMINATION OF PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS. 
Any action taken under this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act with respect to a foreign country shall 
terminate on the earlier of the following two dates: 
(1) Not later than two years after the effective 
date of such action unless expressly reauthorized by 
law. 
(2) The date on which the President transmits 
to Congress a certification containing a determina-
tion of the President that the government of such 
country has resolved any unresolved case or has 
taken substantial and verifiable steps to correct the 
pattern of noncooperation at issue, as applicable, 
that gave rise to such action. 
SEC. 210. UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE. 
(a) IMPLEMENTATION
OF PROHIBITION
ON ECO-
NOMIC ASSISTANCE.—Section 116(c) of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(c)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) whether the government has engaged in a 
pattern of noncooperation regarding abduction cases 
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or access cases, as such terms are defined in the 
Sean and David Goldman International Child Ab-
duction Prevention and Return Act of 2013.’’. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF PROHIBITION ON SECU-
RITY ASSISTANCE.—Section 502B(a)(4) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(a)(4)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘or’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraph: 
‘‘(C) has engaged in a pattern of non-
cooperation regarding abduction cases or access 
cases, as such terms are defined in the Sean 
and David Goldman International Child Abduc-
tion Prevention and Return Act of 2013.’’. 
SEC. 211. MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE. 
Section 701 of the International Financial Institu-
tions Act (22 U.S.C. 262d) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the second subsection (g) 
(as added by Public Law 105–292) as subsection 
(h); and 
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(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(i) In determining whether the government of a 
country engages in a pattern of gross violations of inter-
nationally recognized human rights, as described in sub-
section (a), the President shall give particular consider-
ation to whether such government has engaged in a pat-
tern of noncooperation regarding abduction cases or ac-
cess cases, as such terms are defined in the Sean and 
David Goldman International Child Abduction Prevention 
and Return Act of 2013.’’. 
SEC. 212. AMENDMENT TO GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREF-
ERENCES ELIGIBILITY FOR GENERALIZED 
SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES. 
Section 502(b)(2) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2462(b)(2)) is amended— 
(1) by inserting after subparagraph (H) the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(I) Such country is a country with a pat-
tern of noncooperation regarding abduction 
cases or access cases, as such terms are defined 
in the Sean and David Goldman International 
Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act of 
2013.’’; and 
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(2) in the flush left matter after subparagraph 
(I) (as added by paragraph (1) of this section)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and (H)’’ and inserting 
‘‘(H)’’; and 
(B) by inserting after ‘‘D))’’ the following: 
‘‘and (I)’’. 
Æ 
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