higher education on the behalf of such recipient under 
such agreement. The repayment period may be ex-
tended by the Secretary if the Secretary determines 
such to be necessary, as established by regulation. 
(2) LIABILITY.—A scholarship recipient who, for 
any reason, fails to begin or complete the service obli-
gation under the contractual agreement under sub-
section (a)(3) after completion of academic training, 
or fails to comply with the terms and conditions of 
deferment established by the Secretary under para-
graph (1), shall be in breach of such contractual 
agreement and shall be liable to the United States for 
an amount equal to— 
(A) the total amount of the scholarship re-
ceived by such recipient under this section; and 
(B) the interest on such amounts which 
would be payable if at the time the scholarship 
was received such scholarship was a loan bearing 
interest at the maximum legally prevailing rate. 
(h) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary shall prescribe reg-
ulations necessary to carry out this section. 
(i) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION DEFINED.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ 
has the meaning given such term under section 101 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
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(j) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 101, 
such sums as may be necessary are authorized to be appro-
priated to carry out this section. 
SEC. 247. SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may establish a 
Scientific Advisory Committee (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘‘Committee’’) of not to exceed ten 
members, not fewer than eight of whom shall be sci-
entists. 
(2) APPOINTMENT.—If the Committee is estab-
lished in accordance with paragraph (1), the members 
of the Committee shall be appointed by the President, 
as follows: 
(A) One member, who shall be a person of 
special scientific distinction, shall be appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, as Chairman of the Com-
mittee. 
(B) Nine other members shall be appointed 
by the President. 
(3) MEETINGS.—If the Committee is established 
in accordance with paragraph (1), the Committee 
shall meet not less often than twice per year. 
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(b) FUNCTION.—If the Committee is established in ac-
cordance with subsection (a)(1), the Committee shall advise 
the President, the Secretary of State, and the Undersecre-
tary for Arms Control and International Security regard-
ing scientific, technical, and policy matters affecting arms 
control and nonproliferation. 
(c) REIMBURSEMENT
OF EXPENSES.—If the Com-
mittee is established in accordance with subsection (a)(1), 
the members of the Committee may receive reimbursement 
of expenses only in accordance with the provisions applica-
ble to the reimbursement of experts and consultants under 
section 401(d) of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act 
(Public Law 87–297; 22 U.S.C. 2581(d)). 
(d) SCIENTIST DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘scientist’’ means an individual who has a demonstrated 
knowledge and technical expertise with respect to arms con-
trol, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters and who 
has distinguished himself or herself in any of the fields of 
physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, or engineering, 
including weapons engineering. 
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TITLE III—ORGANIZATION AND 
PERSONNEL AUTHORITIES 
Subtitle A—Towards Modernizing 
the Department of State 
SEC. 301. TOWARDS A MORE MODERN AND EXPEDITIONARY 
FOREIGN SERVICE. 
(a) TARGETED EXPANSION OF FOREIGN SERVICE.— 
The Secretary of State shall expand the Foreign Service 
to— 
(1) fill vacancies, particularly those vacancies 
overseas that are critical to key United States foreign 
policy and national security interests, and, in par-
ticular, to prevent crises before they emerge; 
(2) increase the capacity of the Department of 
State to assign and deploy Foreign Service officers 
and other personnel to prevent, mitigate, and respond 
to international crises and instability in foreign 
countries that threaten key United States foreign pol-
icy and national security interests; and 
(3) ensure that before being assigned to assign-
ments requiring new or improved skills, members of 
the Foreign Service, other than foreign national em-
ployees and consular agents (as such terms are de-
fined in section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 
1980 (22 U.S.C. 3903)), as appropriate, receive lan-
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guage, security, area, and other training that is nec-
essary to successfully execute their responsibilities and 
to enable such members to obtain advanced and other 
education that will increase the capacity of the For-
eign Service to complete its mission. 
(b) AUTHORIZED INCREASES.— 
(1) AT THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE.—The Sec-
retary of State is authorized to hire an additional 
750 members of the Foreign Service (above attrition) 
in fiscal year 2010 over the number of such members 
employed as of September 30, 2009, and an addi-
tional 750 members of the Foreign Service (above at-
trition) in fiscal year 2011 over the number of such 
members employed as of September 30, 2010. 
(2) AT USAID.—The Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development is au-
thorized to hire an additional 350 members of the 
Foreign Service (above attrition) in fiscal year 2010 
over the number of such members employed as of Sep-
tember 30, 2009, and an additional 350 members of 
the Foreign Service (above attrition) in fiscal year 
2011 over the number of such members employed as 
of September 30, 2010. 
(3) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall be construed as limiting the authority 
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of the Secretary of State or the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development 
to hire personnel. 
(c) EXPANSION OF FUNCTIONS OF THE FOREIGN SERV-
ICE.—Section 104 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 
U.S.C. 3904) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 
paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(2) work actively to prevent, mitigate, and re-
spond in a timely manner to international crises and 
instability in foreign countries that threaten the key 
United States foreign policy and national security in-
terests;’’. 
(d) WORLDWIDE AVAILABILITY.—Section 301(b) of the 
Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3941(b)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘The Secretary’’; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and 
(C), at the time of entry into the Service, each member of 
the Service shall be available to be assigned worldwide. 
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‘‘(B) With respect to the medical eligibility of any ap-
plicant for appointment as a Foreign Service officer can-
didate, the Secretary of State shall determine such avail-
ability through appropriate medical examinations. If based 
on such examinations the Secretary determines that such 
applicant is ineligible to be assigned worldwide, the Sec-
retary may waive the worldwide availability requirement 
under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary determines that 
such waiver is required to fulfill a compelling Service need. 
The Secretary shall establish an internal administrative re-
view process for medical ineligibility determinations. 
‘‘(C) The Secretary may also waive or reduce the 
worldwide availability requirement under subparagraph 
(A) if the Secretary determines, in the Secretary’s discre-
tion, that such waiver or reduction is warranted.’’. 
(e) RECRUITING CANDIDATES WHO HAVE EXPERI-
ENCE IN UNSTABLE SITUATIONS.—Section 301 of the For-
eign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3941), as amended by 
section 212(c) of this Act, is further amended by adding 
at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(f) EXPERIENCE
IN UNSTABLE SITUATIONS.—The 
fact that an applicant for appointment as a Foreign Serv-
ice officer candidate has the experience of working in situa-
tions where public order has been undermined by insta-
bility, or where there is no civil authority that can effec-
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tively provide public safety, may be considered an affirma-
tive factor in making such appointments.’’. 
(f) TRAINING.—Section 708 of the Foreign Service Act 
of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4028) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsections: 
‘‘(c) The Secretary of State shall ensure that members 
of the Service, other than foreign national employees and 
consular agents, as appropriate, receive training on meth-
ods for conflict mitigation and resolution and on the nec-
essary skills to be able to function successfully where public 
order has been undermined by instability or where there 
is no civil authority that can effectively provide public safe-
ty. 
‘‘(d) The Secretary of State shall ensure that members 
of the Service, other than foreign national employees and 
consular agents, as appropriate, have opportunities during 
their careers to obtain advanced education and training in 
academic and other relevant institutions in the United 
States and abroad to increase the capacity of the Service 
to fulfill its mission.’’. 
SEC. 302. QUADRENNIAL REVIEW OF DIPLOMACY AND DE-
VELOPMENT. 
(a) DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL STRATEGY ON DI-
PLOMACY AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than December 1, 
2010, the President shall develop and transmit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a national 
strategy on United States diplomacy and develop-
ment. The strategy shall include the following: 
(A) An identification of key objectives and 
missions for United States foreign policy and 
foreign assistance policies and programs, includ-
ing a clear statement on United States objectives 
for development assistance. 
(B) A description of the roles of civilian 
agencies and mechanisms for implementing such 
strategy, including interagency coordination. 
(C) The requirements for overseas infra-
structure necessary to carry out such strategy. 
(D) Plans to adapt such agencies and mech-
anisms to changing circumstances and the role of 
international institutions in such strategy. 
(E) Budget requirements to carry out such 
strategy. 
(F) Other elements of United States foreign 
policy and foreign assistance policies and pro-
grams with a view toward determining and ex-
pressing the strategy of the United States and es-
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tablishing a diplomacy and development pro-
gram for the next ten years. 
(2) RELATIONSHIP
TO
NATIONAL
SECURITY 
STRATEGY.—The strategy described in paragraph (1) 
shall be consistent with any National Security Strat-
egy prescribed by the President pursuant to section 
108 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 
404a) that has been issued after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act. 
(b) REVIEW REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in 2013, the Presi-
dent shall every four years, during a year following 
a year evenly divisible by four, conduct a comprehen-
sive examination (to be known as a ‘‘Quadrennial Re-
view of Diplomacy and Development’’) of the national 
strategy for United States diplomacy and develop-
ment described in subsection (a). 
(2) KEY ELEMENTS OF REVIEW.—The review de-
scribed in paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) A review of all elements of the strategy 
described in subsection (a), consistent with the 
most recent National Security Strategy pre-
scribed by the President pursuant to section 108 
of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 
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404a) that has been issued after the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
(B) A review of the roles and responsibil-
ities of Federal departments and agencies in car-
rying out the strategy described in subsection (a) 
and the mechanisms for cooperation between 
such departments and agencies, including the co-
ordination of such departments and agencies and 
the relationship between the principal offices of 
such departments and agencies and offices defin-
ing sufficient capacity, resources, overseas infra-
structure, budget plan, and other elements of 
United States diplomacy and development of the 
United States that would be required to have a 
high level of confidence that the United States 
can successfully execute the full range of missions 
called for in such strategy. 
(C) Identifying the budget plan that would 
be required to provide sufficient resources to exe-
cute successfully the full range of missions called 
for in the strategy described in subsection (a) at 
a high level of success and any additional re-
sources required to achieve such a level of success. 
(D) Making recommendations that are not 
constrained to comply with the budget submitted 
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to Congress by the President pursuant to section 
1105(a) of title 31, United States Code. 
(3) INTERAGENCY
COORDINATION
AND
CON-
SULTATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Each Quadrennial Re-
view of Diplomacy and Development shall take 
into account the views of the Secretary of State, 
the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of the Treasury, the 
United States Trade Representative, and the 
head of any other relevant agency. 
(B) DELEGATION.—If the President dele-
gates the requirements of this section, the head of 
the Federal department or agency to whom such 
delegation is made shall consult with each offi-
cial specified in subparagraph (A). 
(c) CONSULTATION WITH OUTSIDE STAKEHOLDERS.— 
In developing the strategy required under subsection (a) 
and conducting the review required under subsection (b), 
the President shall consult with private businesses, non-gov-
ernmental organizations involved in diplomacy and devel-
opment, and experts at academic institutions or institu-
tions involved in the study of foreign policy or development 
matters. 
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(d) QRDD AND CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
(1) CONSULTATION.—In developing the strategy 
required under subsection (a) and conducting the re-
view required under subsection (b), the President shall 
consult with the appropriate congressional commit-
tees. 
(2) REPORT.—The President shall transmit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report on 
each Quadrennial Review of Diplomacy and Develop-
ment. The report shall be submitted in the year fol-
lowing the year in which such a Quadrennial Review 
is conducted, but not later than the date on which the 
President submits the budget for the next fiscal year 
to Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United 
States Code. The report shall include the following: 
(A) The results of such a Quadrennial Re-
view, including a comprehensive discussion of 
the national strategy for United States foreign 
policy and foreign assistance policies and pro-
grams, the roles and responsibilities of and stra-
tegic guidance for civilian agencies and mecha-
nisms in implementing such strategy, the re-
quirements for overseas infrastructure necessary 
to carry out such strategy, plans to adapt such 
agencies and mechanisms to changing cir-
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100 
cumstances, and the role of international institu-
tions in such strategy. 
(B) The assumed or defined objectives and 
missions that inform the national strategy for 
United States foreign policy and foreign assist-
ance policies and programs. 
(C) The threats to the assumed or defined 
objectives and missions of the United States that 
were examined for the purposes of such a Quad-
rennial Review. 
(D) The assumptions used in such a Quad-
rennial Review, including assumptions relating 
to— 
(i) the capacity of United States diplo-
matic and development personnel to respond 
to such threats; 
(ii) the cooperation and capacity of al-
lies, other friendly countries, and inter-
national institutions in addressing such 
threats; 
(iii) levels of engagement in operations 
other than war and smaller-scale contin-
gencies and withdrawal from such oper-
ations and contingencies; and 
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101 
(iv) the intensity, duration, and mili-
tary and political end-states of conflicts and 
smaller-scale contingencies that arise in the 
diplomatic and development context. 
(E) The anticipated roles and missions of 
the reserve components available to civilian 
agencies, including capabilities and resources 
necessary to assure that such reserve components 
can capably discharge such roles and missions. 
(F) The extent to which diplomatic and de-
velopment personnel need to be shifted to dif-
ferent regions to carry out the national strategy 
under subsection (a). 
(G) Any other matter the Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
(e) INDEPENDENT PANEL ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than six months be-
fore the date on which the report on a Quadrennial 
Review of Diplomacy and Development is to be trans-
mitted under subsection (d), the President shall estab-
lish a panel to conduct an assessment of such a Quad-
rennial Review. 
(2) REPORT ON ASSESSMENT.—Not later than 
three months after the date on which the report on 
such a Quadrennial Review is transmitted under sub-
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102 
section (d), the panel established under paragraph (1) 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees an assessment of such a Quadrennial Review, in-
cluding an assessment of the recommendations of such 
a Quadrennial Review, the stated and implied as-
sumptions incorporated in such a Quadrennial Re-
view, and the vulnerabilities of the strategy under-
lying such a Quadrennial Review. 
(f) EXCLUSION.—Any provision in this section relat-
ing to budgets or budget plans shall not be construed to re-
quire any information on any program that is funded from 
accounts within budget function 050 (National Defense). 
SEC. 303. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE LESSONS LEARNED CEN-
TER. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State, in con-
sultation with the Administrator of the United States Agen-
cy for International Development (USAID), is authorized 
to establish in the Department of State and under the au-
thority of the Undersecretary for Management a Lessons 
Learned Center (referred to in this section as the ‘‘LLC’’) 
which will serve as a central organization for collection, 
analysis, archiving, and dissemination of observations, best 
practices, and lessons learned by, from, and to Foreign 
Service officers and support personnel in the Department 
of State and USAID. 
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116 
appropriate congressional committees an assessment of all 
allowances provided to members of the Foreign Service 
under the Foreign Service Act of 1980 or under title 5, 
United States Code, and in particular, how such allowances 
have been or will be affected by the amendments to the For-
eign Service Act of 1980 made by this Act. 
SEC. 313. DEATH GRATUITY. 
The first sentence of section 413(a) of the Foreign Serv-
ice Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3973(a)) is amended by striking 
‘‘at the time of death’’ and inserting ‘‘at level II of the Exec-
utive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States 
Code, at the time of death, except that for employees com-
pensated under local compensation plans established under 
section 408, the amount shall be equal to the greater of 1 
year’s salary at the time of death or 1 year’s salary at the 
highest step of the highest grade on the local compensation 
plan from which the employee was being paid at the time 
of death’’. 
Subtitle C—Other Organization 
and Personnel Matters 
SEC. 321. TRANSATLANTIC DIPLOMATIC FELLOWSHIP PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) FELLOWSHIP AUTHORIZED.—Chapter 5 of title I 
of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3981 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
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