I 
112TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2146 
To amend title 31, United States Code, to require accountability and 
transparency in Federal spending, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 13, 2011 
Mr. ISSA introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Oversight and Government Reform 
A BILL 
To amend title 31, United States Code, to require account-
ability and transparency in Federal spending, and for 
other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Digital Accountability 
and Transparency Act of 2011’’ or the ‘‘DATA Act’’. 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title. 
Sec. 2. Table of contents. 
Sec. 3. Definitions. 
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TITLE I—ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN FEDERAL 
SPENDING 
Sec. 101. General requirements for accountability and transparency in Federal 
spending. 
Sec. 102. Data standardizaton for accountability and transparency in Federal 
spending. 
Sec. 103. General provisions and deadlines for accountability and transparency 
in Federal spending. 
TITLE II—FEDERAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND SPENDING 
TRANSPARENCY BOARD 
Sec. 201. Federal Accountability and Spending Transparency Board. 
Sec. 202. Conforming amendment relating to compensation of Chairperson. 
Sec. 203. Amendments and repeal of Recovery Accountability and Trans-
parency Board. 
TITLE III—ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 301. Classified information. 
Sec. 302. Paperwork Reduction Act exemption. 
Sec. 303. Matching program. 
Sec. 304. Transfer of Consolidated Federal Funds Report. 
Sec. 305. Repeal of Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 
2006. 
Sec. 306. Effective date. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) The term ‘‘Board’’ means the Federal Ac-
countability and Spending Transparency Board es-
tablished under subchapter III of chapter 36 of title 
31, United States Code, as added by this Act. 
(2) The term ‘‘Executive agency’’ has the 
meaning provided by section 105 of title 5, United 
States Code, except the term does not include the 
Government Accountability Office. 
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TITLE I—ACCOUNTABILITY AND 
TRANSPARENCY IN FEDERAL 
SPENDING 
SEC. 101. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY 
AND TRANSPARENCY IN FEDERAL SPENDING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle III of title 31, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 35 the 
following new chapter: 
‘‘CHAPTER 36—ACCOUNTABILITY AND 
TRANSPARENCY IN FEDERAL SPENDING 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘3601. Definitions. 
‘‘3602. Recipient reporting requirement. 
‘‘3603. Agency reporting requirement. 
‘‘3604. Exemptions from recipient reporting requirement. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—DATA STANDARDIZATION 
‘‘3611. Data standardization for reporting information. 
‘‘3612. Full disclosure of information. 
‘‘3613. Federal accountability portal. 
‘‘3614. Agency responsibilities. 
‘‘3615. Office of Management and Budget responsibilities. 
‘‘3616. Treasury responsibilities. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER III—FEDERAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND SPENDING TRANSPARENCY 
BOARD 
‘‘3621. Establishment. 
‘‘3622. Composition of the board. 
‘‘3623. Functions. 
‘‘3624. Powers. 
‘‘3625. Employment, personnel, and related authorities. 
‘‘3626. Rulemaking authority. 
‘‘3627. Transfer of certain personnel. 
‘‘3628. Authorization and availability of appropriations. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER IV—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘3641. Effective date. 
‘‘3642. Sunset. 
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‘‘SUBCHAPTER I—REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
‘‘§ 3601. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter: 
‘‘(1) 
RECIPIENT.—The 
term 
‘recipient’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) any person that receives Federal 
funds pursuant to a Federal award, either di-
rectly or as a subcontractor or subgrantee; and 
‘‘(B) any State, local, or tribal government 
that receives Federal funds pursuant to a Fed-
eral award, either directly or as a subcontractor 
or subgrantee. 
‘‘(2) FEDERAL
AWARD.—The term ‘Federal 
award’ means Federal financial assistance and ex-
penditures that— 
‘‘(A) include grants, subgrants, loans, 
awards, cooperative agreements, and other 
forms of financial assistance; and 
‘‘(B) include contracts, subcontracts, pur-
chase orders, task orders, delivery orders, blan-
ket purchase agreements, schedule orders, and 
other transactions. 
‘‘(3) FEDERAL
FUNDS.—The term ‘Federal 
funds’ means any funds that are made available to 
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an Executive agency through Federal appropria-
tions. 
‘‘(4) BOARD.—The term ‘Board’ means the 
Federal Accountability and Spending Transparency 
Board established under subchapter III of this chap-
ter. 
‘‘(5) CHAIRPERSON.—The term ‘Chairperson’ 
means the Chairperson of the Federal Accountability 
and Spending Transparency Board. 
‘‘(6) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘Execu-
tive agency’ has the meaning provided by section 
105 of title 5, except the term does not include the 
Government Accountability Office. 
‘‘§ 3602. Recipient reporting requirement 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—Each recipient shall report 
each receipt and use of Federal funds pursuant to a Fed-
eral award to the Board. 
‘‘(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) FREQUENCY OF REPORTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall des-
ignate the frequency of reports to be submitted 
by recipients under subsection (a), but the fre-
quency shall not be less than once each quarter. 
‘‘(B) CONTINUOUS
OR
AUTOMATIC
RE-
PORTING.—To the extent practicable, the Board 
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shall require continuous or automatic reporting 
for compliance with this section. 
‘‘(2) CONTENT OF REPORTS.—Each report sub-
mitted by a recipient under subsection (a) shall con-
tain— 
‘‘(A) an identification of the recipient, in-
cluding the recipient’s name and location, with 
location information provided in proper United 
States Postal Service standardized format, in-
cluding ZIP+4, or proper international postal 
service standardized format where applicable; 
‘‘(B) an identification of the Executive 
agency; 
‘‘(C) an identification of the Federal 
award; 
‘‘(D) if applicable, an identification of the 
program pursuant to which the Federal award 
was awarded; 
‘‘(E) the total amount of Federal funds re-
ceived from that Executive agency; 
‘‘(F) the amount of Federal funds that 
were expended or obligated to projects or activi-
ties; 
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‘‘(G) a detailed list of all projects or activi-
ties for which Federal funds were expended or 
obligated; and 
‘‘(H) such additional information reason-
ably related to the receipt and use of Federal 
funds as the Board shall require. 
‘‘(3) USE OF DATA STANDARDS.—The reports 
submitted under this section shall use the common 
data elements and data reporting standards des-
ignated by the Board under section 3611. 
‘‘(c) GUIDANCE BY BOARD.—The Board shall issue 
guidance to recipients on compliance with this section. 
‘‘(d) REGISTRATION.—Recipients required to report 
information under subsection (a) shall register with the 
Central Contractor Registration database or complete 
such other registration requirements as the Board shall 
require. 
‘‘§ 3603. Agency reporting requirement 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—Each Executive agency shall 
report all obligations and expenditures of Federal funds 
to the Board. 
‘‘(b) CHARACTERISTICS OF REPORTS.— 
‘‘(1) FREQUENCY OF REPORTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall des-
ignate the frequency of reports to be submitted 
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by agencies under subsection (a), but the fre-
quency shall not be less than once each quarter. 
‘‘(B) CONTINUOUS
OR
AUTOMATIC
RE-
PORTING.—To the extent practicable, the Board 
shall require continuous or automatic reporting 
for compliance with this section. 
‘‘(2) CONTENT OF REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) The Board shall designate the con-
tent of reports to be submitted by agencies 
under subsection (a). 
‘‘(B) To the extent practicable, the Board 
shall permit agencies to comply with subsection 
(a) by submitting the same information that 
they submit or contribute for other government-
wide reporting requirements, including the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(i) For information about Federal 
awards— 
‘‘(I) 
the 
Federal 
assistance 
awards data system established pursu-
ant to section 6102a of title 31, 
United States Code; 
‘‘(II) the Federal procurement 
data system established pursuant to 
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section 1122(a)(4) of title 41, United 
States Code; 
‘‘(III) the common application 
and reporting system established pur-
suant to section 6 of the Federal Fi-
nancial Assistance Management Im-
provement Act of 1999 (31 U.S.C. 
6101 note); or 
‘‘(IV) such systems as may be es-
tablished to replace or supplement the 
systems identified in this clause. 
‘‘(ii) For information about internal 
expenditures and accounting, the Federal 
Agencies’ Centralized Trial-Balance Sys-
tems (FACTS I and FACTS II), the Gov-
ernmentwide Financial Report System 
(GFRS), the Intragovernmental Fiduciary 
Confirmation System (IFCS), or such sys-
tems as may be established to replace or 
supplement such systems. 
‘‘(3) USE OF DATA STANDARDS.—The reports 
submitted under this section shall use the common 
data elements and data reporting standards des-
ignated by the Board under section 3611. 
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‘‘(4) INFORMATION ALSO SUBJECT TO RECIPI-
ENT REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—In complying with 
this section, each Executive agency shall identify, to 
the extent practicable, Federal awards made by the 
agency that are subject to the recipient reporting re-
quirement of section 3602 so that information re-
ported by recipients and information reported by the 
agency can be directly compared. 
‘‘(c) GUIDANCE BY BOARD.—The Board shall issue 
guidance to agencies on compliance with this section. 
‘‘(d) BOARD TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE.—The Board 
shall regularly report to Congress on each Executive agen-
cy’s compliance with this section, including the timeliness, 
completeness, accuracy, and interoperability of the data 
submitted by each Executive agency. The Board shall 
make these reports publicly available contemporaneously 
online. 
‘‘§ 3604. Exemptions from recipient reporting require-
ment 
‘‘(a) EXEMPTION.—A recipient is exempt from the 
reporting requirement of section 3602 with respect to 
funds received pursuant to a Federal award if— 
‘‘(1) the recipient is an individual; 
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‘‘(2) the total amount of Federal funds received 
by the recipient does not exceed $100,000 in the 
current calendar year or fiscal year; and 
‘‘(3) no transaction in which the recipient has 
received Federal funds during the current calendar 
year or fiscal year has exceeded $24,999. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORITY TO GRANT ADDITIONAL EXEMP-
TIONS.—The Board may grant additional exemptions 
under this section for classes or categories of recipients.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters 
at the beginning of subtitle III of title 31, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
chapter 35 the following new item: 
‘‘36. Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending ................... 3601.’’. 
SEC. 102. DATA STANDARDIZATON FOR ACCOUNTABILITY 
AND TRANSPARENCY IN FEDERAL SPENDING. 
Chapter 36 of title 31, United States Code, as added 
by section 101, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subchapter: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER II—DATA STANDARDIZATION 
‘‘§ 3611. Data standardization for reporting informa-
tion 
‘‘(a) COMMON DATA ELEMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—The Board shall, by rule, 
designate common data elements, such as codes, 
identifiers, and fields, for information required to be 
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reported by recipients or agencies under this chap-
ter. 
‘‘(2) CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON DATA ELE-
MENTS.—The common data elements designated 
under paragraph (1) shall, to the extent practicable, 
be nonproprietary. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING COMMON DATA ELEMENTS.—In 
designating common data elements under this sub-
section, the Board shall, to the extent practicable, 
incorporate the following: 
‘‘(A) Common data elements developed and 
maintained by an international voluntary con-
sensus standards body, as defined by the Office 
of Management and Budget, such as the Inter-
national Organization for Standardization. 
‘‘(B) Common data elements developed and 
maintained by intergovernmental partnerships, 
such as the National Information Exchange 
Model. 
‘‘(C) Common data elements developed and 
maintained by Federal entities with authority 
over contracting and financial assistance, such 
as the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council. 
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‘‘(D) Common data elements developed 
and maintained by accounting standards orga-
nizations. 
‘‘(b) DATA REPORTING STANDARDS.— 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.—The Board shall, by rule, 
designate data reporting standards to govern the re-
porting required to be performed by recipients and 
agencies under this title. 
‘‘(2) CHARACTERISTICS
OF
DATA
REPORTING 
STANDARDS.—The data reporting standards re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall, to the extent prac-
ticable— 
‘‘(A) incorporate a widely accepted, non-
proprietary, searchable, platform-independent 
computer-readable format; 
‘‘(B) be consistent with and implement ap-
plicable accounting principles; and 
‘‘(C) be capable of being continually up-
graded as necessary. 
‘‘(3) 
EXISTING
DATA
REPORTING
STAND-
ARDS.—In designating reporting standards under 
this subsection, the Board shall, to the extent prac-
ticable, incorporate existing nonproprietary stand-
ards, such as the eXtensible Business Reporting 
Language (XBRL). 
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‘‘§ 3612. Full disclosure of information 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—The Board shall publish online 
all information submitted by recipients and agencies pur-
suant to sections 3602 and 3603. 
‘‘(b) AGGREGATION OF INFORMATION THAT IS EX-
EMPT FROM RECIPIENT REPORTING REQUIREMENT.— 
The Board shall publish, online and in the aggregate, in-
formation that is exempt from recipient reporting under 
section 3604 but that is reported by an Executive agency 
under section 3606 in the aggregate. 
‘‘(c) COMPLIANCE WITH OPEN DATA PRINCIPLES 
AND BEST PRACTICES.—To the extent practicable, the 
Board shall publish data under this section in a manner 
that complies with applicable principles and best practices 
in the private sector for the publication of open govern-
ment data. 
‘‘(d) ONLINE PUBLICATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall, in accord-
ance with this section and section 204 of the E–Gov-
ernment Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note), estab-
lish and maintain one or more Web sites for the 
publication of data required to be published online 
under this section. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE OF WEB SITE OR WEB SITES.— 
The Web site or Web sites established and main-
tained under this subsection shall serve as a public 
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portal for Federal financial information, including 
information concerning all Federal awards and infor-
mation concerning the expenditure of all Federal 
funds. 
‘‘(3) CONTENT AND FUNCTION OF WEB SITE OR 
WEB SITES.—The Board shall ensure that the Web 
site or Web sites established and maintained under 
this subsection: 
‘‘(A) Makes available all information pub-
lished under subsection (a) in a reasonably 
timely manner. 
‘‘(B) Makes available all information pub-
lished under subsection (a) in its original for-
mat. 
‘‘(C) Makes available all information pub-
lished under subsection (a) without charge, li-
cense, or registration requirement. 
‘‘(D) Permits all information published 
under subsection (a) to be searched and aggre-
gated. 
‘‘(E) Permits all information published 
under subsection (a) to be downloaded in bulk. 
‘‘(F) To the extent practicable, dissemi-
nates information published under subsection 
(a) via automatic electronic means. 
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‘‘(G) To the extent practicable, permits in-
formation published under subsection (a) to be 
freely shared by the public, such as by social 
media. 
‘‘(H) To the extent practicable, uses per-
manent uniform resource locators for informa-
tion published under subsection (a). 
‘‘(I) Provide an opportunity for the public 
to provide input about the usefulness of the site 
and recommendations for improvements. 
‘‘(e) NEW TECHNOLOGIES.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision in this section, the Board may comply with 
the requirements of this section using such new tech-
nologies as may replace Web sites for data publication and 
dissemination. 
‘‘(f) 
TRANSFER
OF
FUNCTIONS
OF 
USASPENDING.GOV.—The Board and the Office of Man-
agement and Budget shall transfer the functions of 
USASpending.gov to the Web site or Web sites established 
under this section. 
‘‘§ 3613. Federal accountability portal 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—The Board shall establish and 
maintain an integrated Internet-based system, consisting 
of one or more Web sites and to be known as a ‘Federal 
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accountability portal’, to carry out the functions described 
in subsection (b). 
‘‘(b) FUNCTIONS.—The Federal accountability portal 
shall be designed and operated to carry out the following 
functions: 
‘‘(1) Combine information submitted by recipi-
ents and agencies under sections 3602 and 3603 
with other compilations of information, such as Gov-
ernment databases and other proprietary and non-
proprietary databases. 
‘‘(2) Permit Executive agencies to verify the eli-
gibility of recipients to receive Federal funds. 
‘‘(3) Permit Executive agencies, Inspectors 
General, and law enforcement agencies to track Fed-
eral awards to find waste, fraud, and abuse. 
‘‘(c) GUIDANCE BY BOARD.—The Board shall issue 
guidance on the use of and access to the Federal account-
ability portal. 
‘‘§ 3614. Agency responsibilities 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—As a condition of receipt of 
Federal funds of an Executive agency pursuant to any 
Federal award, the Executive agency shall require any re-
cipient of such funds to provide the information required 
under section 3602. 
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‘‘(b) PENALTIES
FOR
RECIPIENTS’ NONCOMPLI-
ANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The head of an Executive 
agency may impose a civil penalty in an amount not 
more than $250,000 on a recipient of Federal funds 
from that Executive agency that does not provide 
the information required under section 3602 or pro-
vides information that contains a material omission 
or misstatement. 
‘‘(2) NONPRECLUSION.—The imposition of a 
civil penalty under this subsection does not preclude 
any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or 
administrative remedy that is available by law to the 
United States or any other person. Any amounts re-
ceived from a civil penalty under this subsection 
shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United 
States to the credit of the appropriation or appro-
priations from which the award is made. 
‘‘(3) NOTIFICATION.—The head of an Executive 
agency shall provide a written notification to a re-
cipient that fails to provide the information required 
under section 3602 or provides information that con-
tains a material omission or misstatement. Such no-
tification shall provide the recipient with information 
on how to comply with the requirements of section 
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3602 and notice of the penalties for failing to do so. 
The head of the Executive agency may not impose 
a civil penalty under paragraph (1) until 30 days 
after the date of the notification. 
‘‘(c) COMPLIANCE WITH BOARD GUIDANCE.—Execu-
tive agencies shall comply with the instructions and guid-
ance issued by the Board under this Act. 
‘‘(d) INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon request of the Board 
for information or assistance from any Executive 
agency or other entity of the Federal Government, 
the head of such entity shall, insofar as is prac-
ticable and not in contravention of any existing law, 
furnish such information or assistance to the Board, 
or an authorized designee. 
‘‘(2) REPORT OF REFUSALS.—Whenever infor-
mation or assistance requested by the Board is, in 
the judgment of the Board, unreasonably refused or 
not provided, the Board shall report the cir-
cumstances to Congress. 
‘‘(e) USE OF DATA STANDARDS.—After the Board 
designates any common data element or data reporting 
standard under section 3611, each Executive agency shall 
issue guidance that requires every recipient of Federal 
funds under any of its Federal awards to use that common 
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data element or data reporting standard for any informa-
tion reported to that Executive agency to which the com-
mon data element or data reporting standard is applicable. 
‘‘§ 3615. Office of Management and Budget respon-
sibilities 
‘‘After the Board designates any common data ele-
ment or data reporting standard under section 3611, the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
issue guidance that requires Executive agencies to use that 
common data element or data reporting standard for any 
information reported by Executive agencies to the Office 
of Management and Budget to which the common data 
element or data reporting standard is applicable. 
‘‘§ 3616. Treasury responsibilities 
‘‘After the Board designates any common data ele-
ment or data reporting standard under section 3611, the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall issue guidance that re-
quires Executive agencies to use that common data ele-
ment or data reporting standard for any information re-
ported by Executive agencies to the Department of the 
Treasury to which the common data element or data re-
porting standard is applicable.’’. 
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SEC. 103. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND DEADLINES FOR AC-
COUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY IN FED-
ERAL SPENDING. 
(a) EFFECTIVE DATE AND SUNSET.—Chapter 36 of 
title 31, United States Code, as added by section 101, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subchapter: 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER IV—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
‘‘§ 3641. Effective date 
‘‘This chapter takes effect on October 1, 2011. 
‘‘§ 3642. Sunset 
‘‘This chapter shall cease to be in effect after Sep-
tember 30, 2018.’’. 
(b) DEADLINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION.— 
(1) BOARD DEADLINES.—Within 180 days after 
the effective date of this Act, the Board shall— 
(A) issue guidance under sections 3602(c) 
and 3603(c) of title 31, United States Code, as 
added by this Act; 
(B) designate common data elements 
under section 3611(a) of such title and data re-
porting standards under section 3611(b) of 
such title, as so added; and 
(C) establish one or more Web sites under 
section 3612(d) of such title, as so added. 
(2) AGENCY AND DEPARTMENT DEADLINES.— 
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