166 
gible to vote in the registrar’s jurisdiction 
in which the registrant was registered; or 
‘‘(ii) who is removed from the official 
list of eligible voters by reason of the death 
of the registrant. 
‘‘(2) PUBLIC NOTICE.—Not later than 48 hours 
after conducting any general program to remove the 
names of ineligible voters from the official list of eligi-
ble voters (as described in section 8(a)(4)), the State 
shall disseminate a public notice through such meth-
ods as may be reasonable to reach the general public 
(including by publishing the notice in a newspaper of 
wide circulation or posting the notice on the websites 
of the appropriate election officials) that list mainte-
nance is taking place and that registrants should 
check their registration status to ensure no errors or 
mistakes have been made. The State shall ensure that 
the public notice disseminated under this paragraph 
is in a format that is reasonably convenient and ac-
cessible to voters with disabilities, including voters 
who have low vision or are blind.’’. 
(b) CONDITIONS FOR TRANSMISSION OF NOTICES OF 
REMOVAL.—Section 8(d) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(d)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
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‘‘(4) A State may not transmit a notice to a reg-
istrant under this subsection unless the State obtains 
objective and reliable evidence (in accordance with the 
standards for such evidence which are described in 
section 8A(a)(2)) that the registrant has changed resi-
dence to a place outside the registrar’s jurisdiction in 
which the registrant is registered.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) NATIONAL
VOTER
REGISTRATION
ACT
OF 
1993.—Section 8(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)) 
is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘provide’’ 
and inserting ‘‘subject to section 8A, provide’’; 
and 
(B) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘conduct’’ 
and inserting ‘‘subject to section 8A, conduct’’. 
(2) HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT OF 2002.—Section 
303(a)(4)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21083(a)(4)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘, 
registrants’’ and inserting ‘‘, and subject to section 8A 
of such Act, registrants’’. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this 
section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
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Subtitle G—No Effect on Authority 
of States to Provide Greater Op-
portunities for Voting 
SEC. 2601. NO EFFECT ON AUTHORITY OF STATES TO PRO-
VIDE GREATER OPPORTUNITIES FOR VOTING. 
Nothing in this title or the amendments made by this 
title may be construed to prohibit any State from enacting 
any law which provides greater opportunities for individ-
uals to register to vote and to vote in elections for Federal 
office than are provided by this title and the amendments 
made by this title. 
Subtitle H—Severability 
SEC. 2701. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this title or amendment made by 
this title, or the application of a provision or amendment 
to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitu-
tional, the remainder of this title and amendments made 
by this title, and the application of the provisions and 
amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be af-
fected by the holding. 
TITLE III—ELECTION SECURITY 
Sec. 3000. Short title; sense of Congress. 
Subtitle A—Financial Support for Election Infrastructure 
PART 1—VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENT GRANTS 
Sec. 3001. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and car-
rying out voting system security improvements. 
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Sec. 3002. Coordination of voting system security activities with use of require-
ments payments and election administration requirements under 
Help America Vote Act of 2002. 
Sec. 3003. Incorporation of definitions. 
PART 2—GRANTS FOR RISK-LIMITING AUDITS OF RESULTS OF ELECTIONS 
Sec. 3011. Grants to States for conducting risk-limiting audits of results of elec-
tions. 
Sec. 3012. GAO analysis of effects of audits. 
PART 3—[RESERVED] 
Subtitle B—Security Measures 
Sec. 3101. Election infrastructure designation. 
Sec. 3102. Timely threat information. 
Sec. 3103. Security clearance assistance for election officials. 
Sec. 3104. Security risk and vulnerability assessments. 
Sec. 3105. Annual reports. 
Subtitle C—Enhancing Protections for United States Democratic Institutions 
Sec. 3201. National strategy to protect United States democratic institutions. 
Sec. 3202. National Commission to Protect United States Democratic Institu-
tions. 
Subtitle D—Promoting Cybersecurity Through Improvements in Election 
Administration 
Sec. 3301. Testing of existing voting systems to ensure compliance with election 
cybersecurity guidelines and other guidelines. 
Sec. 3302. Treatment of electronic poll books as part of voting systems. 
Sec. 3303. Pre-election reports on voting system usage. 
Sec. 3304. Streamlining collection of election information. 
Subtitle E—Preventing Election Hacking 
Sec. 3401. Short title. 
Sec. 3402. Election Security Bug Bounty Program. 
Sec. 3403. Definitions. 
Subtitle F—Miscellaneous Provisions 
Sec. 3501. Definitions. 
Sec. 3502. Initial report on adequacy of resources available for implementation. 
Subtitle G—Severability 
Sec. 3601. Severability. 
SEC. 3000. SHORT TITLE; SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This title may be cited as the 
‘‘Election Security Act’’. 
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(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON NEED TO IMPROVE ELEC-
TION INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that, in light of the lessons learned from Russian in-
terference in the 2016 Presidential election, the Federal 
Government should intensify its efforts to improve the secu-
rity of election infrastructure in the United States, includ-
ing through the use of individual, durable, paper ballots 
marked by the voter by hand. 
Subtitle A—Financial Support for 
Election Infrastructure 
PART 1—VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY 
IMPROVEMENT GRANTS 
SEC. 3001. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER 
BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING 
OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
(a) AVAILABILITY OF GRANTS.—Subtitle D of title II 
of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001 
et seq.), as amended by section 1906(a), is amended by add-
ing at the end the following new part: 
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‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT 
PAPER BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CAR-
RYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IM-
PROVEMENTS 
‘‘SEC. 298. GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER 
BALLOT VOTING SYSTEMS AND CARRYING 
OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
‘‘(a) AVAILABILITY AND USE OF GRANT.—The Com-
mission shall make a grant to each eligible State— 
‘‘(1) to replace a voting system— 
‘‘(A) which does not meet the requirements 
which are first imposed on the State pursuant to 
the amendments made by the Voter Confidence 
and Increased Accessibility Act of 2019 with a 
voting system which does meet such require-
ments, for use in the regularly scheduled general 
elections for Federal office held in November 
2020, or 
‘‘(B) which does meet such requirements but 
which is not in compliance with the most recent 
voluntary voting system guidelines issued by the 
Commission prior to the regularly scheduled gen-
eral election for Federal office held in November 
2020 with another system which does meet such 
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requirements and is in compliance with such 
guidelines; and 
‘‘(2) to carry out voting system security im-
provements described in section 298A with respect to 
the regularly scheduled general elections for Federal 
office held in November 2020 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office. 
‘‘(b) AMOUNT OF GRANT.—The amount of a grant 
made to a State under this section shall be such amount 
as the Commission determines to be appropriate, except that 
such amount may not be less than the product of $1 and 
the average of the number of individuals who cast votes in 
any of the two most recent regularly scheduled general elec-
tions for Federal office held in the State. 
‘‘(c) PRO RATA REDUCTIONS.—If the amount of funds 
appropriated for grants under this part is insufficient to 
ensure that each State receives the amount of the grant cal-
culated under subsection (b), the Commission shall make 
such pro rata reductions in such amounts as may be nec-
essary to ensure that the entire amount appropriated under 
this part is distributed to the States. 
‘‘(d) ABILITY OF REPLACEMENT SYSTEMS TO ADMIN-
ISTER RANKED CHOICE ELECTIONS.—To the greatest extent 
practicable, an eligible State which receives a grant to re-
place a voting system under this section shall ensure that 
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the replacement system is capable of administering a system 
of ranked choice voting under which each voter shall rank 
the candidates for the office in the order of the voter’s pref-
erence. 
‘‘SEC. 298A. VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS DE-
SCRIBED. 
‘‘(a) PERMITTED USES.—A voting system security im-
provement described in this section is any of the following: 
‘‘(1) The acquisition of goods and services from 
qualified election infrastructure vendors by purchase, 
lease, or such other arrangements as may be appro-
priate. 
‘‘(2) Cyber and risk mitigation training. 
‘‘(3) A security risk and vulnerability assessment 
of the State’s election infrastructure which is carried 
out by a provider of cybersecurity services under a 
contract entered into between the chief State election 
official and the provider. 
‘‘(4) The maintenance of election infrastructure, 
including addressing risks and vulnerabilities which 
are identified under either of the security risk and 
vulnerability assessments described in paragraph (3), 
except that none of the funds provided under this part 
may be used to renovate or replace a building or fa-
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cility which is used primarily for purposes other than 
the administration of elections for public office. 
‘‘(5) Providing increased technical support for 
any information technology infrastructure that the 
chief State election official deems to be part of the 
State’s election infrastructure or designates as critical 
to the operation of the State’s election infrastructure. 
‘‘(6) Enhancing the cybersecurity and operations 
of the information technology infrastructure described 
in paragraph (4). 
‘‘(7) Enhancing the cybersecurity of voter reg-
istration systems. 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED ELECTION INFRASTRUCTURE VEN-
DORS DESCRIBED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this part, a 
‘qualified election infrastructure vendor’ is any per-
son who provides, supports, or maintains, or who 
seeks to provide, support, or maintain, election infra-
structure on behalf of a State, unit of local govern-
ment, or election agency (as defined in section 3501 
of the Election Security Act) who meets the criteria 
described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(2) CRITERIA.—The criteria described in this 
paragraph are such criteria as the Chairman, in co-
ordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
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shall establish and publish, and shall include each of 
the following requirements: 
‘‘(A) The vendor must be owned and con-
trolled by a citizen or permanent resident of the 
United States. 
‘‘(B) The vendor must disclose to the Chair-
man and the Secretary, and to the chief State 
election official of any State to which the vendor 
provides any goods and services with funds pro-
vided under this part, of any sourcing outside 
the United States for parts of the election infra-
structure. 
‘‘(C) The vendor agrees to ensure that the 
election infrastructure will be developed and 
maintained in a manner that is consistent with 
the cybersecurity best practices issued by the 
Technical Guidelines Development Committee. 
‘‘(D) The vendor agrees to maintain its in-
formation technology infrastructure in a manner 
that is consistent with the cybersecurity best 
practices issued by the Technical Guidelines De-
velopment Committee. 
‘‘(E) The vendor agrees to meet the require-
ments of paragraph (3) with respect to any 
known or suspected cybersecurity incidents in-
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volving any of the goods and services provided by 
the vendor pursuant to a grant under this part. 
‘‘(F) The vendor agrees to permit inde-
pendent security testing by the Commission (in 
accordance with section 231(a)) and by the Sec-
retary of the goods and services provided by the 
vendor pursuant to a grant under this part. 
‘‘(3) CYBERSECURITY INCIDENT REPORTING RE-
QUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A vendor meets the re-
quirements of this paragraph if, upon becoming 
aware of the possibility that an election cyberse-
curity incident has occurred involving any of the 
goods and services provided by the vendor pursu-
ant to a grant under this part— 
‘‘(i) the vendor promptly assesses 
whether or not such an incident occurred, 
and submits a notification meeting the re-
quirements of subparagraph (B) to the Sec-
retary and the Chairman of the assessment 
as soon as practicable (but in no case later 
than 3 days after the vendor first becomes 
aware of the possibility that the incident oc-
curred); 
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‘‘(ii) if the incident involves goods or 
services provided to an election agency, the 
vendor submits a notification meeting the 
requirements of subparagraph (B) to the 
agency as soon as practicable (but in no 
case later than 3 days after the vendor first 
becomes aware of the possibility that the in-
cident occurred), and cooperates with the 
agency in providing any other necessary 
notifications relating to the incident; and 
‘‘(iii) the vendor provides all necessary 
updates to any notification submitted under 
clause (i) or clause (ii). 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS OF NOTIFICATIONS.—Each 
notification submitted under clause (i) or clause 
(ii) of subparagraph (A) shall contain the fol-
lowing information with respect to any election 
cybersecurity incident covered by the notifica-
tion: 
‘‘(i) The date, time, and time zone 
when the election cybersecurity incident 
began, if known. 
‘‘(ii) The date, time, and time zone 
when the election cybersecurity incident was 
detected. 
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‘‘(iii) The date, time, and duration of 
the election cybersecurity incident. 
‘‘(iv) The circumstances of the election 
cybersecurity incident, including the spe-
cific election infrastructure systems believed 
to have been accessed and information ac-
quired, if any. 
‘‘(v) Any planned and implemented 
technical measures to respond to and re-
cover from the incident. 
‘‘(vi) In the case of any notification 
which is an update to a prior notification, 
any additional material information relat-
ing to the incident, including technical 
data, as it becomes available. 
‘‘SEC. 298B. ELIGIBILITY OF STATES. 
‘‘A State is eligible to receive a grant under this part 
if the State submits to the Commission, at such time and 
in such form as the Commission may require, an applica-
tion containing— 
‘‘(1) a description of how the State will use the 
grant to carry out the activities authorized under this 
part; 
‘‘(2) a certification and assurance that, not later 
than 5 years after receiving the grant, the State will 
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179 
carry out risk-limiting audits and will carry out vot-
ing system security improvements, as described in sec-
tion 298A; and 
‘‘(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
‘‘SEC. 298C. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
‘‘Not later than 90 days after the end of each fiscal 
year, the Commission shall submit a report to the appro-
priate congressional committees, including the Committees 
on Homeland Security, House Administration, and the Ju-
diciary of the House of Representatives and the Committees 
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Judi-
ciary, and Rules and Administration of the Senate, on the 
activities carried out with the funds provided under this 
part. 
‘‘SEC. 298D. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated for grants under this part— 
‘‘(1) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; and 
‘‘(2) $175,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2020, 2022, 2024, and 2026. 
‘‘(b) CONTINUING AVAILABILITY OF AMOUNTS.—Any 
amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of this 
section shall remain available until expended.’’. 
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180 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of 
such Act, as amended by section 1906(b), is amended by 
adding at the end of the items relating to subtitle D of title 
II the following: 
‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER BALLOT VOTING 
SYSTEMS AND CARRYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 298. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and 
carrying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘Sec. 298A. Voting system security improvements described. 
‘‘Sec. 298B. Eligibility of States. 
‘‘Sec. 298C. Reports to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 298D. Authorization of appropriations. 
SEC. 3002. COORDINATION OF VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY 
ACTIVITIES WITH USE OF REQUIREMENTS 
PAYMENTS AND ELECTION ADMINISTRATION 
REQUIREMENTS UNDER HELP AMERICA VOTE 
ACT OF 2002. 
(a) DUTIES
OF
ELECTION
ASSISTANCE
COMMIS-
SION.—Section 202 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20922) is amended in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘by’’ and inserting ‘‘and the se-
curity of election infrastructure by’’. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP OF SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SE-
CURITY ON BOARD OF ADVISORS OF ELECTION ASSISTANCE 
COMMISSION.—Section 214(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
20944(a)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘37 members’’ and inserting ‘‘38 
members’’; and 
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(2) by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(17) The Secretary of Homeland Security or the 
Secretary’s designee.’’. 
(c) REPRESENTATIVE OF DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 
SECURITY
ON
TECHNICAL
GUIDELINES
DEVELOPMENT 
COMMITTEE.—Section 221(c)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
20961(c)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as sub-
paragraph (F); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the fol-
lowing new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) A representative of the Department of 
Homeland Security.’’. 
(d) GOALS OF PERIODIC STUDIES OF ELECTION AD-
MINISTRATION ISSUES; CONSULTATION WITH SECRETARY 
OF HOMELAND SECURITY.—Section 241(a) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 20981(a)) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘the Commission shall’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
Commission, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Homeland Security (as appropriate), shall’’; 
(2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(3); 
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182 
(3) by redesignating paragraph (4) as para-
graph (5); and 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (3) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) will be secure against attempts to under-
mine the integrity of election systems by cyber or 
other means; and’’. 
(e) REQUIREMENTS PAYMENTS.— 
(1) USE OF PAYMENTS FOR VOTING SYSTEM SE-
CURITY IMPROVEMENTS.—Section 251(b) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 21001(b)), as amended by section 
1061(a)(2), is further amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) PERMITTING USE OF PAYMENTS FOR VOTING 
SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS.—A State may use 
a requirements payment to carry out any of the fol-
lowing activities: 
‘‘(A) Cyber and risk mitigation training. 
‘‘(B) Providing increased technical support 
for any information technology infrastructure 
that the chief State election official deems to be 
part of the State’s election infrastructure or des-
ignates as critical to the operation of the State’s 
election infrastructure. 
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tified the candidate as a participating candidate with 
respect to all subsequent elections of the election cycle. 
‘‘(b) REVOCATION OF CERTIFICATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall revoke 
a certification under subsection (a) if— 
‘‘(A) a candidate fails to qualify to appear 
on the ballot at any time after the date of certifi-
cation (other than a candidate certified as a 
participating candidate with respect to a pri-
mary election who fails to qualify to appear on 
the ballot for a subsequent election in that elec-
tion cycle); 
‘‘(B) a candidate ceases to be a candidate 
for the office involved, as determined on the basis 
of an official announcement by an authorized 
committee of the candidate or on the basis of a 
reasonable determination by the Commission; or 
‘‘(C) a candidate otherwise fails to comply 
with the requirements of this title, including any 
regulatory requirements prescribed by the Com-
mission. 
‘‘(2) EXISTENCE OF CRIMINAL SANCTION.—The 
Commission shall revoke a certification under sub-
section (a) if a penalty is assessed against the can-
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