279 
‘‘(B) in an emergency situation, any otherwise non-
culpable person if the person is attempting to destroy 
or seize the weapon. 
‘‘(c) JURISDICTION.—Conduct prohibited by subsection (a) is 
within the jurisdiction of the United States if the prohibited 
conduct— 
‘‘(1) takes place in the United States; 
‘‘(2) takes place outside of the United States and is com-
mitted by a national of the United States; 
‘‘(3) is committed against a national of the United 
States while the national is outside the United States; or 
‘‘(4) is committed against any property that is owned, 
leased, or used by the United States or by any department 
or agency of the United States, whether the property is 
within or outside the United States. 
‘‘§ 632. Penalties 
‘‘(a) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Any person who violates section 631 
of this title shall be imprisoned for any term of years. 
‘‘(2) DEATH PENALTY.—Any person who violates section 
631 of this title and by whose action the death of another 
person is the result shall be punished by death or impris-
oned for life. 
‘‘(b) CIVIL PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may bring a 
civil action in the appropriate United States district court 
against any person who violates section 631 of this title 
and, upon proof of such violation by a preponderance of the 
evidence, such person shall be subject to pay a civil penalty 
in an amount not to exceed $100,000 for each such viola-
tion. 
‘‘(2) RELATION TO OTHER PROCEEDINGS.—The imposi-
tion of a civil penalty under this subsection does not pre-
clude any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or 
administrative remedy, which is available by law to the 
United States or any other person. 
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‘‘(c) REIMBURSEMENT
OF COSTS.—The court shall order 
any person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) to re-
imburse the United States for any expenses incurred by the 
United States incident to the seizure, storage, handling, trans-
portation, and destruction or other disposition of any property 
that was seized in connection with an investigation of the com-
mission of the offense by that person. A person ordered to re-
imburse the United States for expenses under this subsection 
shall be jointly and severally liable for such expenses with each 
other person, if any, who is ordered under this subsection to 
reimburse the United States for the same expenses. 
‘‘§ 633. Individual self-defense devices 
‘‘This subchapter does not prohibit any individual self-de-
fense device, including one using a pepper spray or chemical 
mace. 
‘‘§ 634. Injunctions 
‘‘The United States may obtain in a civil action an injunc-
tion against— 
‘‘(1) the conduct prohibited under section 631 or 674; or 
‘‘(2) the preparation or solicitation to engage in conduct 
prohibited under section 631 or 675. 
‘‘§ 635. Requests for military assistance to enforce 
prohibition in certain emergencies 
‘‘The Attorney General may request the Secretary of Defense 
to provide assistance under section 382 of title 10 in support 
of Department of Justice activities relating to the enforcement 
of section 631 in an emergency situation involving a chemical 
weapon. The authority to make such a request may be exer-
cised by another official of the Department of Justice in ac-
cordance with section 382(f)(2) of title 10. 
‘‘§ 636. Definitions 
‘‘In this chapter the following apply: 
‘‘(1) CHEMICAL WEAPON.—The term ‘chemical weapon’ 
means the following, together or separately: 
‘‘(A) A toxic chemical and its precursors, except 
where intended for a purpose not prohibited under this 
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chapter as long as the type and quantity is consistent 
with such a purpose. 
‘‘(B) A munition or device, specifically designed to 
cause death or other harm through toxic properties of 
those toxic chemicals specified in subparagraph (A), 
which would be released as a result of the employment 
of such munition or device. 
‘‘(C) Any equipment specifically designed for use di-
rectly in connection with the employment of munitions 
or devices specified in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(2) CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION; CONVENTION.— 
The terms ‘Chemical Weapons Convention’ and ‘Conven-
tion’ mean the Convention on the Prohibition of the Devel-
opment, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical 
Weapons and on Their Destruction, opened for signature 
on January 13, 1993. 
‘‘(3) KEY COMPONENT OF A BINARY OR MULTICOMPO-
NENT CHEMICAL SYSTEM.—The term ‘key component of a 
binary or multicomponent chemical system’ means the pre-
cursor which plays the most important role in determining 
the toxic properties of the final product and reacts rapidly 
with other chemicals in the binary or multicomponent sys-
tem. 
‘‘(4) PRECURSOR.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘precursor’ means any 
chemical reactant which takes part at any stage in the 
production by whatever method of a toxic chemical. 
The term includes any key component of a binary or 
multicomponent chemical system. 
‘‘(B) LIST OF PRECURSORS.—Precursors which have 
been identified for the application of verification meas-
ures under Article VI of the Convention are listed in 
schedules contained in the Annex on Chemicals of the 
Chemical Weapons Convention. 
‘‘(5) PURPOSES NOT PROHIBITED BY THIS CHAPTER.— 
The term ‘purposes not prohibited by this chapter’ means 
the following: 
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‘‘(A) PEACEFUL PURPOSES.—Any peaceful purpose 
related to an industrial, agricultural, research, medical, 
or pharmaceutical activity or other activity. 
‘‘(B) PROTECTIVE PURPOSES.—Any purpose directly 
related to protection against toxic chemicals and to 
protection against chemical weapons. 
‘‘(C) UNRELATED MILITARY PURPOSES.—Any mili-
tary purpose of the United States that is not connected 
with the use of a chemical weapon or that is not de-
pendent on the use of the toxic or poisonous properties 
of the chemical weapon to cause death or other harm. 
‘‘(D) LAW ENFORCEMENT PURPOSES.—Any law en-
forcement purpose, including any domestic riot control 
purpose and including imposition of capital punish-
ment. 
‘‘(6) TOXIC CHEMICAL.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘toxic chemical’ means 
any chemical which through its chemical action on life 
processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or 
permanent harm to humans or animals. The term in-
cludes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or 
of their method of production, and regardless of wheth-
er they are produced in facilities, in munitions or else-
where. 
‘‘(B) LIST OF TOXIC CHEMICALS.—Toxic chemicals 
which have been identified for the application of 
verification measures under Article VI of the Conven-
tion are listed in schedules contained in the Annex on 
Chemicals of the Chemical Weapons Convention. 
‘‘CHAPTER 23—THEFT AND RELATED CRIMES 
‘‘Subchapter 
Sec. 
‘‘A. Embezzlement and theft ...................................................
641 
‘‘B. Stolen property ....................................................................
671 
‘‘C. Counterfeiting and forgery .............................................
691 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER A—EMBEZZLEMENT AND THEFT 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘641.
Public money, property or records. 
‘‘642.
Accounting generally for public money. 
‘‘643.
Officer or employee of United States converting property of another. 
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‘‘644.
Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee. 
‘‘645.
Lending, credit, and insurance institutions. 
‘‘646.
Property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies. 
‘‘647.
Interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; State prosecutions. 
‘‘648.
Carrier’s funds derived from commerce; State prosecutions. 
‘‘649.
Within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction. 
‘‘650.
Receiving stolen property within special maritime and territorial ju-
risdiction. 
‘‘651.
Theft or embezzlement from employee benefit plan. 
‘‘652.
Theft or embezzlement from employment and training funds; im-
proper inducement; obstruction of investigations. 
‘‘653.
Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds. 
‘‘654.
Theft of major artwork. 
‘‘655.
Theft or embezzlement in connection with health care. 
‘‘656.
Embezzlement of labor organization assets. 
‘‘§ 641. Public money, property or records 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) embezzles, steals, purloins, or knowingly converts to 
his use or the use of another, or without authority, sells, 
conveys or disposes of any record, voucher, money, or thing 
of value of the United States or of any department or agen-
cy thereof, or any property made or being made under con-
tract for the United States or any department or agency 
thereof; or 
‘‘(2) receives, conceals, or retains the same with intent 
to convert it to his use or gain, knowing it to have been 
embezzled, stolen, purloined or converted; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years; but if the value 
of such property in the aggregate, combining amounts from all 
the counts for which the defendant is convicted in a single case, 
does not exceed the sum of $1,000, he shall be imprisoned not 
more than one year. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—As used in this section the term ‘value’ 
means face, par, or market value, or cost price, either wholesale 
or retail, whichever is greater. 
‘‘§ 642. Accounting generally for public money 
‘‘Whoever, being an officer, employee or agent of the United 
States or of any department or agency thereof, having received 
public money which he is not authorized to retain as salary, 
pay, or emolument, fails to render his accounts for the same 
as provided by law is guilty of embezzlement, and shall be or 
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imprisoned not more than ten years; but if the amount embez-
zled does not exceed $1,000, he shall be imprisoned not more 
than one year. 
‘‘§ 643. Officer or employee of United States con-
verting property of another 
‘‘Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States 
or of any department or agency thereof, embezzles or wrong-
fully converts to his own use the money or property of another 
which comes into his possession or under his control in the exe-
cution of such office or employment, or under color or claim 
of authority as such officer or employee, shall be imprisoned 
not more than ten years; but if the sum embezzled is $1,000 
or less, he shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘§ 644. Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by 
bank officer or employee 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, being an officer, director, agent 
or employee of, or connected in any capacity with any Federal 
Reserve bank, member bank, depository institution holding 
company, national bank, insured bank, branch or agency of a 
foreign bank, or organization operating under section 25 or 
section 25(a) of the Federal Reserve Act, or a receiver of a na-
tional bank, insured bank, branch, agency, or organization or 
any agent or employee of the receiver, or a Federal Reserve 
Agent, or an agent or employee of a Federal Reserve Agent or 
of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, em-
bezzles, abstracts, purloins or knowingly misapplies any of the 
moneys, funds or credits of such bank, branch, agency, or orga-
nization or holding company or any moneys, funds, assets or 
securities intrusted to the custody or care of such bank, 
branch, agency, or organization, or holding company or to the 
custody or care of any such agent, officer, director, employee 
or receiver, shall be imprisoned not more than 30 years; but 
if the amount embezzled, abstracted, purloined or misapplied 
does not exceed $1,000, he shall be imprisoned not more than 
one year. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
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285 
‘‘(1) the term ‘member bank’ means any national bank, 
state bank, or bank and trust company which has become 
a member of one of the Federal Reserve banks; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘insured bank’ means any bank, banking 
association, trust company, savings bank, or other banking 
institution, the deposits of which are insured by the Fed-
eral Deposit Insurance Corporation; 
‘‘(3) the term ‘branch or agency of a foreign bank’ 
means a branch or agency described in section 20(9) of this 
title; and 
‘‘(4) the term ‘depository institution holding company’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Fed-
eral Deposit Insurance Act. 
‘‘§ 645. Lending, credit, and insurance institutions 
‘‘Whoever, being an officer, agent or employee of or con-
nected in any capacity with the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-
poration, National Credit Union Administration, Office of 
Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Fed-
eral home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, 
Farm Credit Administration, Department of Housing and 
Urban Development, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, the 
Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration or successor agency, the Rural Development Ad-
ministration or successor agency, or the Farm Credit System 
Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a bank for co-
operatives or any lending, mortgage, insurance, credit or sav-
ings and loan corporation or association authorized or acting 
under the laws of the United States or any institution, other 
than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts 
of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-
poration, or by the National Credit Union Administration 
Board or any small business investment company, or any com-
munity development financial institution receiving financial as-
sistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regu-
latory Improvement Act of 1994, and whoever, being a receiver 
of any such institution, or agent or employee of the receiver, 
embezzles, abstracts, purloins or knowingly misapplies any 
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286 
moneys, funds, credits, securities or other things of value be-
longing to such institution, or pledged or otherwise intrusted to 
its care, shall be imprisoned not more than 30 years; but if the 
amount or value embezzled, abstracted, purloined or misapplied 
does not exceed $1,000, he shall be imprisoned not more than 
one year. 
‘‘§ 646. Property mortgaged or pledged to farm 
credit agencies 
‘‘Whoever, with intent to defraud, knowingly conceals, re-
moves, disposes of, or converts to his own use or to that of an-
other, any property mortgaged or pledged to, or held by, the 
Farm Credit Administration, any Federal intermediate credit 
bank, or the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, the Sec-
retary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers Home Ad-
ministration or successor agency, the Rural Development Ad-
ministration or successor agency, any regional agricultural 
credit corporation, or any bank for cooperatives, shall be im-
prisoned not more than five years; but if the value of such 
property does not exceed $1,000, he shall be imprisoned not 
more than one year. 
‘‘§ 647. Interstate or foreign shipments by carrier; 
State prosecutions 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever— 
‘‘(1) embezzles, steals, or unlawfully takes, carries away, 
or conceals, or by fraud or deception obtains from any 
pipeline system, railroad car, wagon, motortruck, or other 
vehicle, or from any tank or storage facility, station, station 
house, platform or depot or from any steamboat, vessel, or 
wharf, or from any aircraft, air terminal, airport, aircraft 
terminal or air navigation facility with intent to convert to 
his own use any goods or chattels moving as or which are 
a part of or which constitute an interstate or foreign ship-
ment of freight, express, or other property; 
‘‘(2) buys or receives or has in his possession any such 
goods or chattels, knowing the same to have been embez-
zled or stolen; 
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287 
‘‘(3) embezzles, steals, or unlawfully takes, carries away, 
or by fraud or deception obtains with intent to convert to 
his own use any baggage which shall have come into the 
possession of any common carrier for transportation in 
interstate or foreign commerce or breaks into, steals, takes, 
carries away, or conceals any of the contents of such bag-
gage, or buys, receives, or has in his possession any such 
baggage or any article therefrom of whatever nature, know-
ing the same to have been embezzled or stolen; or 
‘‘(4) embezzles, steals, or unlawfully takes by any fraud-
ulent device, scheme, or game, from any railroad car, bus, 
vehicle, steamboat, vessel, or aircraft operated by any com-
mon carrier moving in interstate or foreign commerce or 
from any passenger thereon any money, baggage, goods, or 
chattels, or whoever buys, receives, or has in his possession 
any such money, baggage, goods, or chattels, knowing the 
same to have been embezzled or stolen; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years, but if the amount 
or value of such money, baggage, goods or chattels does not ex-
ceed $1,000, shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
‘‘(b) BAR TO PROSECUTION.—A judgment of conviction or 
acquittal on the merits under the laws of any State shall be 
a bar to any prosecution under this section for the same act 
or acts. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as 
indicating an intent on the part of Congress to occupy the field 
in which provisions of this section operate to the exclusion of 
State laws on the same subject matter, nor shall any provision 
of this section be construed as invalidating any provision of 
State law unless such provision is inconsistent with any of the 
purposes of this section or any provision thereof. 
‘‘§ 648. Carrier’s funds derived from commerce; 
State prosecutions 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, being a president, director, offi-
cer, or manager of any firm, association, or corporation en-
gaged in commerce as a common carrier, or whoever, being an 
employee of such common carrier riding in or upon any rail-
road car, motortruck, steamboat, vessel, aircraft or other vehi-
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288 
cle of such carrier moving in interstate commerce, embezzles, 
steals, abstracts, or knowingly misapplies, or knowingly permits 
to be misapplied, any of the moneys, funds, credits, securities, 
property, or assets of such firm, association, or corporation 
arising or accruing from, or used in, such commerce, in whole 
or in part, or knowingly converts the same to his own use or 
to the use of another, shall be imprisoned not more than ten 
years. 
‘‘(b) VENUE.—The offense shall be deemed to have been 
committed not only in the district where the violation first oc-
curred but also in any district in which the defendant may have 
taken or had possession of such moneys, funds, credits, securi-
ties, property or assets. 
‘‘(c) BAR TO PROSECUTION.—A judgment of conviction or 
acquittal on the merits under the laws of any State shall be 
a bar to any prosecution hereunder for the same act or acts. 
‘‘§ 649. Within special maritime and territorial ju-
risdiction 
‘‘Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial juris-
diction of the United States, takes and carries away, with in-
tent to steal or purloin, any personal property of another shall, 
if the property taken is of a value exceeding $1,000, or is taken 
from the person of another, be imprisoned not more than five 
years, and in all other cases, imprisoned not more than one 
year. 
‘‘§ 650. Receiving stolen property within special 
maritime and territorial jurisdiction 
‘‘Whoever, within the special maritime and territorial juris-
diction of the United States, buys, receives, or conceals any 
money, goods, bank notes, or other thing which may be the 
subject of larceny, which has been feloniously taken, stolen, or 
embezzled, from any other person, knowing the same to have 
been so taken, stolen, or embezzled, shall be imprisoned not 
more than three years, but if the amount or value of thing so 
taken, stolen or embezzled does not exceed $1,000, the offender 
shall be imprisoned not more than one year. 
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289 
‘‘§ 651. Theft or embezzlement from employee ben-
efit plan 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever embezzles, steals, or unlawfully 
and knowingly abstracts or converts any property of any em-
ployee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan, or 
of any fund connected therewith, shall be imprisoned not more 
than five years. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term ‘any 
employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan’ 
means any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of 
title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
1974. 
‘‘§ 652. Theft or embezzlement from employment 
and training funds; improper inducement; 
obstruction of investigations 
‘‘(a) THEFT OR EMBEZZLEMENT FROM EMPLOYMENT AND 
TRAINING FUNDS.—Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, 
or employee of, or connected in any capacity with any agency 
or organization receiving financial assistance or any funds 
under the Job Training Partnership Act or title I of the Work-
force Investment Act of 1998 knowingly enrolls an ineligible 
participant, embezzles, knowingly misapplies, steals, or obtains 
by fraud any property that is the subject of a financial assist-
ance agreement or contract pursuant to such Act shall be im-
prisoned for not more than 2 years, but if the amount so em-
bezzled, misapplied, stolen, or obtained by fraud does not ex-
ceed $1,000, the offender shall be imprisoned not more than 
1 year. 
‘‘(b) IMPROPER INDUCEMENT.—Whoever, by threat or pro-
curing dismissal of any person from employment or of refusal 
to employ or refusal to renew a contract of employment in con-
nection with a financial assistance agreement or contract under 
the Job Training Partnership Act or title I of the Workforce 
Investment Act of 1998 induces any person to give up any 
money or thing of any value to any person (including such or-
ganization or agency receiving funds) shall be imprisoned not 
more than 1 year. 
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290 
‘‘§ 653. Theft or bribery concerning programs re-
ceiving Federal funds 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, as made applicable by subsection 
(b)— 
‘‘(1) being an agent of an organization, or of a State, 
local, or Indian tribal government, or any agency thereof— 
‘‘(A) embezzles, steals, obtains by fraud, or otherwise 
without authority knowingly converts or intentionally 
misapplies, property that— 
‘‘(i) is valued at $5,000 or more, and 
‘‘(ii) is owned by, or is under the care, custody, 
or control of such organization, government, or 
agency; or 
‘‘(B) corruptly solicits or demands for the benefit of 
any person, or accepts or agrees to accept, anything of 
value from any person, intending to be influenced or re-
warded in connection with any business, transaction, or 
series of transactions of such organization, government, 
or agency involving any thing of value of $5,000 or 
more; or 
‘‘(2) corruptly gives, offers, or agrees to give anything of 
value to any person, with intent to influence or reward an 
agent of an organization or of a State, local or Indian trib-
al government, or any agency thereof, in connection with 
any business, transaction, or series of transactions of such 
organization, government, or agency involving anything of 
value of $5,000 or more; 
shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘(b) APPLICABILITY.—Subsection (a) applies if the organiza-
tion, government, or agency receives, in any one year period, 
benefits in excess of $10,000 under a Federal program involv-
ing a grant, contract, subsidy, loan, guarantee, insurance, or 
other form of Federal assistance. 
‘‘(c) EXCLUSION.—This section does not apply to bona fide 
salary, wages, fees, or other compensation paid, or expenses 
paid or reimbursed, in the usual course of business. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
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‘‘(1) the term ‘agent’ means a person authorized to act 
on behalf of another person or a government and, in the 
case of an organization or government, includes a servant 
or employee, and a partner, director, officer, manager, and 
representative; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘government agency’ means a subdivision 
of the executive, legislative, judicial, or other branch of gov-
ernment, including a department, independent establish-
ment, commission, administration, authority, board, and 
bureau, and a corporation or other legal entity established, 
and subject to control, by a government or governments for 
the execution of a governmental or intergovernmental pro-
gram; 
‘‘(3) the term ‘local’ means of or pertaining to a political 
subdivision within a State; and 
‘‘(4) the term ‘in any one-year period’ means a contin-
uous period that commences no earlier than twelve months 
before the commission of the offense or that ends no later 
than twelve months after the commission of the offense. 
Such period may include time both before and after the 
commission of the offense. 
‘‘§ 654. Theft of major artwork 
‘‘(a) OFFENSES.—A person who— 
‘‘(1) steals or obtains by fraud from the care, custody, 
or control of a museum any object of cultural heritage; or 
‘‘(2) knowing that an object of cultural heritage has been 
stolen or obtained by fraud, if in fact the object was stolen 
or obtained from the care, custody, or control of a museum 
(whether or not that fact is known to the person), receives, 
conceals, exhibits, or disposes of the object, 
shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘museum’ means an organized and perma-
nent institution, the activities of which affect interstate or 
foreign commerce, that— 
‘‘(A) is situated in the United States; 
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‘‘(B) is established for an essentially educational or 
aesthetic purpose; 
‘‘(C) has a professional staff; and 
‘‘(D) owns, utilizes, and cares for tangible objects 
that are exhibited to the public on a regular schedule; 
and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘object of cultural heritage’ means an ob-
ject that is— 
‘‘(A) over 100 years old and worth in excess of 
$5,000; or 
‘‘(B) worth at least $100,000. 
‘‘§ 655. Theft or embezzlement in connection with 
health care 
‘‘Whoever knowingly embezzles, steals, or otherwise without 
authority converts or intentionally misapplies any of the mon-
eys, funds, securities, premiums, credits, property, or other as-
sets of a health care benefit program, shall be imprisoned not 
more than 10 years, but if the value of such property does not 
exceed the sum of $100 the offender shall be imprisoned not 
more than one year. 
‘‘§ 656. Embezzlement of labor organization assets. 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, being an officer or employee of a 
labor organization, embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and know-
ingly abstracts or converts any of the property of the organiza-
tion shall be imprisoned for not more than five years. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITION.—As used in this section the term ‘labor 
organization’ has the meaning given that term in the National 
Labor Relations Act. 
‘‘SUBCHAPTER B—STOLEN PROPERTY 
‘‘Sec. 
‘‘670.
Definitions for subchapter. 
‘‘671.
Transportation of stolen vehicles. 
‘‘672.
Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles. 
‘‘673.
Transportation of stolen goods, securities, moneys, fraudulent State 
tax stamps, or articles used in counterfeiting. 
‘‘674.
Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, moneys, or fraudulent 
State tax stamps. 
‘‘675.
Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit labels, or counterfeit docu-
mentation or packaging. 
‘‘676.
Criminal infringement of a copyright. 
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‘‘677.
Copyright infringement. 
‘‘678.
Unauthorized fixation of and trafficking in sound recordings and 
music videos of live musical performances. 
‘‘679.
Unauthorized recording of motion pictures in a motion picture exhi-
bition facility. 
‘‘680.
Trafficking in counterfeit goods or services. 
‘‘681.
Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts. 
‘‘682.
Chop shops. 
‘‘§ 670. Definitions for subchapter 
‘‘The following definitions apply in this subchapter: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘aircraft’ means any contrivance now 
known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for naviga-
tion of or for flight in the air. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘cattle’ means one or more bulls, steers, 
oxen, cows, heifers, or calves, or the carcass or carcasses 
thereof. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘livestock’ means any domestic animals 
raised for home use, consumption, or profit, such as horses, 
pigs, llamas, goats, fowl, sheep, buffalo, and cattle, or the 
carcasses thereof. 
‘‘(4) The term ‘money’ means the legal tender of the 
United States or of any foreign country, or any counterfeit 
thereof. 
‘‘(5) The term ‘motor vehicle’ means an automobile, 
automobile truck, automobile wagon, motorcycle, or any 
other self-propelled vehicle designed for running on land 
but not on rails. 
‘‘(6) The term ‘securities’ means any note, stock certifi-
cate, bond, debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler’s 
check, letter of credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of 
lading, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or 
participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral- 
trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, 
transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certifi-
cate; valid or blank motor vehicle title; certificate of inter-
est in property, tangible or intangible; instrument or docu-
ment or writing evidencing ownership of goods, wares, and 
merchandise, or transferring or assigning any right, title, 
or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise; or, in 
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294 
general, any instrument commonly known as a ‘security’, or 
any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or 
interim certificate for, receipt for, warrant, or right to sub-
scribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, or any forged, 
counterfeited, or spurious representation of any of the fore-
going. 
‘‘(7) The term ‘tax stamp’ means any tax stamp, tax 
token, tax meter imprint, or any other form of evidence of 
an obligation running to a State, or evidence of the dis-
charge thereof. 
‘‘(8) The term ‘value’ means the face, par, or market 
value, whichever is the greatest, and the aggregate value of 
all goods, wares, and merchandise, securities, and money 
referred to in a single indictment shall constitute the value 
thereof. 
‘‘(9) The term ‘vessel’ means any watercraft or other 
contrivance used or designed for transportation or naviga-
tion on, under, or immediately above, water. 
‘‘§ 671. Transportation of stolen vehicles 
‘‘Whoever transports in interstate or foreign commerce a 
motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, knowing the same to have 
been stolen, shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years. 
‘‘§ 672. Sale or receipt of stolen vehicles 
‘‘Whoever receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, 
or disposes of any motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft, which has 
crossed a State or United States boundary after being stolen, 
knowing the same to have been stolen, shall be imprisoned not 
more than 10 years. 
‘‘§ 673. Transportation of stolen goods, securities, 
moneys, fraudulent State tax stamps, or 
articles used in counterfeiting 
‘‘Whoever— 
‘‘(1) transports, transmits, or transfers in interstate or 
foreign commerce any goods, wares, merchandise, securities 
or money, of the value of $5,000 or more, knowing the 
same to have been stolen, converted or taken by fraud; 
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‘‘(2) having devised or intending to devise any scheme or 
artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by 
means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or 
promises, transports or causes to be transported, or in-
duces any person or persons to travel in, or to be trans-
ported in interstate or foreign commerce in the execution 
or concealment of a scheme or artifice to defraud that per-
son or those persons of money or property having a value 
of $5,000 or more; 
‘‘(3) with unlawful intent, transports in interstate or for-
eign commerce any falsely made, forged, altered, or coun-
terfeited securities or tax stamps, knowing the same to 
have been falsely made, forged, altered, or counterfeited; 
‘‘(4) with unlawful intent, transports in interstate or for-
eign commerce any traveler’s check bearing a forged 
countersignature; or 
‘‘(5) with unlawful intent, transports in interstate or for-
eign commerce, any tool, implement, or thing used or fitted 
to be used in falsely making, forging, altering, or counter-
feiting any security or tax stamps, or any part thereof; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘§ 674. Sale or receipt of stolen goods, securities, 
moneys, or fraudulent State tax stamps 
‘‘Whoever— 
‘‘(1) receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or 
disposes of any goods, wares, or merchandise, securities, or 
money of the value of $5,000 or more, or pledges or ac-
cepts as security for a loan any goods, wares, or merchan-
dise, or securities, of the value of $500 or more, which have 
crossed a State or United States boundary after being sto-
len, unlawfully converted, or taken, knowing the same to 
have been stolen, unlawfully converted, or taken; 
‘‘(2) receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or 
disposes of any falsely made, forged, altered, or counter-
feited securities or tax stamps, or pledges or accepts as se-
curity for a loan any falsely made, forged, altered, or coun-
terfeited securities or tax stamps, moving as, or which are 
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a part of, or which constitute interstate or foreign com-
merce, knowing the same to have been so falsely made, 
forged, altered, or counterfeited; or 
‘‘(3) receives in interstate or foreign commerce, or con-
ceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of, any tool, imple-
ment, or thing used or intended to be used in falsely mak-
ing, forging, altering, or counterfeiting any security or tax 
stamp, or any part thereof, moving as, or which is a part 
of, or which constitutes interstate or foreign commerce, 
knowing that the same is fitted to be used, or has been 
used, in falsely making, forging, altering, or counterfeiting 
any security or tax stamp, or any part thereof; 
shall be imprisoned not more than ten years. 
‘‘§ 675. Trafficking in counterfeit labels, illicit la-
bels, or counterfeit documentation or 
packaging 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—Whoever, as made applicable by subsection 
(c), knowingly traffics in— 
‘‘(1) a counterfeit label or illicit label affixed to, enclos-
ing, or accompanying, or designed to be affixed to, enclose, 
or accompany— 
‘‘(A) a phonorecord; 
‘‘(B) a copy of a computer program; 
‘‘(C) a copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual 
work; 
‘‘(D) a copy of a literary work; 
‘‘(E) a copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural 
work; 
‘‘(F) a work of visual art; or 
‘‘(G) documentation or packaging; or 
‘‘(2) counterfeit documentation or packaging, shall be 
fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 5 
years. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘counterfeit label’ means an identifying 
label or container that appears to be genuine, but is not; 
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‘‘(2) the term ‘traffic’ has the meaning givent that term 
in section 680; 
‘‘(3) the terms ‘copy’, ‘phonorecord’, ‘motion picture’, 
‘computer program’, ‘audiovisual work’, ‘literary work’, 
‘pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work’, ‘sound recording’, 
‘work of visual art’, and ‘copyright owner’ have, respec-
tively, the meanings given those terms in section 101 (re-
lating to definitions) of title 17; 
‘‘(4) the term ‘illicit label’ means a genuine certificate, 
licensing document, registration card, or similar labeling 
component— 
‘‘(A) that is used by the copyright owner to verify 
that a phonorecord, a copy of a computer program, a 
copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, a 
copy of a literary work, a copy of a pictorial, graphic, 
or sculptural work, a work of visual art, or documenta-
tion or packaging is not counterfeit or infringing of any 
copyright; and 
‘‘(B) that is, without the authorization of the copy-
right owner— 
‘‘(i) distributed or intended for distribution not 
in connection with the copy, phonorecord, or work 
of visual art to which such labeling component was 
intended to be affixed by the respective copyright 
owner; or 
‘‘(ii) in connection with a genuine certificate or 
licensing document, knowingly falsified in order to 
designate a higher number of licensed users or cop-
ies than authorized by the copyright owner, unless 
that certificate or document is used by the copy-
right owner solely for the purpose of monitoring or 
tracking the copyright owner’s distribution channel 
and not for the purpose of verifying that a copy or 
phonorecord is noninfringing; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘documentation or packaging’ means docu-
mentation or packaging, in physical form, for a phono-
record, copy of a computer program, copy of a motion pic-
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ture or other audiovisual work, copy of a literary work, 
copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work, or work of 
visual art; and 
‘‘(6) the term ‘counterfeit documentation or packaging’ 
means documentation or packaging that appears to be gen-
uine, but is not. 
‘‘(c) APPLICATION.—Subsection (a) applies if— 
‘‘(1) the offense is committed within the special maritime 
and territorial jurisdiction of the United States; or within 
the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States (as de-
fined in section 46501 of title 49); 
‘‘(2) the mail or a facility of interstate or foreign com-
merce is used or intended to be used in the commission of 
the offense; 
‘‘(3) the counterfeit label or illicit label is affixed to, en-
closes, or accompanies, or is designed to be affixed to, en-
close, or accompany— 
‘‘(A) a phonorecord of a copyrighted sound recording 
or copyrighted musical work; 
‘‘(B) a copy of a copyrighted computer program; 
‘‘(C) a copy of a copyrighted motion picture or other 
audiovisual work; 
‘‘(D) a copy of a literary work; 
‘‘(E) a copy of a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural 
work; 
‘‘(F) a work of visual art; or 
‘‘(G) copyrighted documentation or packaging; or 
‘‘(4) the counterfeited documentation or packaging is 
copyrighted. 
‘‘(d) FORFEITURE.—When any person is convicted of any 
violation of subsection (a), the court in its judgment of convic-
tion shall in addition to the penalty therein prescribed, order 
the forfeiture and destruction or other disposition of all coun-
terfeit labels or illicit labels and all articles to which counterfeit 
labels or illicit labels have been affixed or which were intended 
to have had such labels affixed, and of any equipment, device, 
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