928 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) DEFINITION OF COVERED DETERMINA-
TION.—In this paragraph, the term ‘‘covered de-
termination’’ means a determination of the Sec-
retary— 
(i) to establish a Center under para-
graph (1); 
(ii) to renew support for a Center 
under paragraph (5)(A)(ii); or 
(iii) to terminate a Center under para-
graph (5)(B). 
(B) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 30 days 
after the Secretary makes a covered determina-
tion, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a notifi-
cation of the covered determination, including— 
(i) the criteria used by the Secretary to 
make the covered determination; and 
(ii) the manner in which the criteria 
described in clause (i) comport with the 
purposes of the program described in para-
graph (1). 
(12) FUNDING.—Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Secretary shall use not more than
929 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
$25,000,000 to fund each Center for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027. 
Subtitle L—National Nuclear Uni-
versity Research Infrastructure 
Reinvestment 
SEC. 10741. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘National Nuclear 
University Research Infrastructure Reinvestment Act of 
2021’’. 
SEC. 10742. PURPOSES. 
The purposes of this subtitle are— 
(1) to upgrade the nuclear research capabilities 
of universities in the United States to meet the re-
search requirements of advanced nuclear energy sys-
tems; 
(2) to ensure the continued operation of univer-
sity research reactors; 
(3) to coordinate available resources to enable the 
establishment, including the start and efficient com-
pletion of construction, of new nuclear science and en-
gineering facilities; and 
(4) to support— 
(A) workforce development critical to main-
taining United States leadership in nuclear
930 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
science and engineering and related disciplines; 
and 
(B) the establishment or enhancement of nu-
clear science and engineering capabilities and 
other, related capabilities at historically Black 
colleges and universities, Tribal colleges or uni-
versities, minority-serving institutions, EPSCoR 
universities, junior or community colleges, and 
associate-degree-granting colleges. 
SEC. 10743. UNIVERSITY INFRASTRUCTURE COLLABORA-
TION. 
Section 954(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16274(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2) by amending subparagraph 
(D) to read as follows: 
‘‘(D) promote collaborations, partnerships, 
and knowledge sharing between institutions of 
higher education, National Laboratories, other 
Federal agencies, industry, and associated labor 
unions; and’’. 
(2) by amending paragraph (4) to read as fol-
low: 
‘‘(4) STRENGTHENING
UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH 
AND
TRAINING
REACTORS
AND
ASSOCIATED
INFRA-
STRUCTURE.—
931 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
program under this subsection, the Secretary 
may support— 
‘‘(i) converting research reactors from 
high-enrichment fuels to low-enrichment 
fuels and upgrading operational instrumen-
tation; 
‘‘(ii) revitalizing and upgrading exist-
ing nuclear science and engineering infra-
structure that support the development of 
advanced nuclear technologies and applica-
tions; 
‘‘(iii) regional or subregional univer-
sity-led consortia to— 
‘‘(I) broaden access to university 
research reactors; 
‘‘(II) enhance existing university- 
based nuclear science and engineering 
infrastructure; and 
‘‘(III) provide project manage-
ment, technical support, quality engi-
neering and inspections, manufac-
turing, and nuclear material support; 
‘‘(iv) student training programs, in 
collaboration with the United States nuclear
932 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
industry, in relicensing and upgrading re-
actors, including through the provision of 
technical assistance; and 
‘‘(v) reactor improvements that empha-
size research, training, and education, in-
cluding through the Innovations in Nuclear 
Infrastructure and Education Program or 
any similar program. 
‘‘(B) Of any amounts appropriated to carry 
out the program under this subsection, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to 
carry out clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph 
(A) $55,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2027.’’. 
SEC. 10744. ADVANCED NUCLEAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUC-
TURE ENHANCEMENT SUBPROGRAM. 
Section 954(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16274(a)), as amended by section 3, is further 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (5) through (8) 
as paragraphs (6) through (9), respectively; 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (4) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(5) ADVANCED
NUCLEAR
RESEARCH
INFRA-
STRUCTURE ENHANCEMENT.—
933 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
carry out a subprogram to be known as the Ad-
vanced Nuclear Research Infrastructure En-
hancement Subprogram in order to— 
‘‘(i) demonstrate various advanced nu-
clear reactor and nuclear microreactor con-
cepts; 
‘‘(ii) establish medical isotope produc-
tion reactors or other specialized applica-
tions; and 
‘‘(iii) advance other research infra-
structure that, in the determination of the 
Secretary, is consistent with the mission of 
the Department. 
‘‘(B) NEW
NUCLEAR
SCIENCE
AND
ENGI-
NEERING FACILITIES.—In carrying out the sub-
program, the Secretary shall establish— 
‘‘(i) not more than 4 new research re-
actors; and 
‘‘(ii) new nuclear science and engineer-
ing facilities, as required to address re-
search demand and identified infrastructure 
gaps.
934 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(C) LOCATIONS.—New research reactors 
and facilities established under subparagraph 
(B) shall be established in a manner that— 
‘‘(i) supports the regional or sub-
regional consortia described in paragraph 
(4)(C); and 
‘‘(ii) encourages the participation of— 
‘‘(I) historically Black colleges 
and universities; 
‘‘(II) Tribal colleges or univer-
sities; 
‘‘(III) minority-serving institu-
tions; 
‘‘(IV) EPSCoR universities; and 
‘‘(V) junior or community col-
leges. 
‘‘(D) FUEL REQUIREMENTS.—New research 
reactors established under subparagraph (B) 
shall not use high-enriched uranium, as defined 
in section 2001 of division Z of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act of 2021. 
‘‘(E) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—Of any amounts appropriated to carry 
out the program under this section, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to
935 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
carry out the subprogram under this para-
graph— 
‘‘(i) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
and 
‘‘(v) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 
2027.’’; and 
(3) by amending paragraph (9), as redesignated 
by paragraph (1) of this section, to read as follows: 
‘‘(9) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) JUNIOR FACULTY.—The term ‘junior 
faculty’ means a faculty member who was 
awarded a doctorate less than 10 years before re-
ceipt of an award from the grant program de-
scribed in paragraph (2)(B). 
‘‘(B) JUNIOR OR COMMUNITY COLLEGE.— 
The term ‘junior or community college’ means— 
‘‘(i) a public institution of high edu-
cation, including additional locations, at 
which the highest awarded degree, or the 
predominantly awarded degree, is an asso-
ciate degree; or
936 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(ii) any Tribal college or university 
(as defined in section 316 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c)). 
‘‘(C) 
EPSCOR
UNIVERSITY.—The 
term 
‘EPSCoR university’ means an institution of 
higher education located in a State eligible to 
participate in the program defined in section 
502 of the America COMPETES Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note). 
‘‘(D) HISTORICALLY
BLACK
COLLEGE
OR 
UNIVERSITY.—The term ‘historically Black col-
lege or university’ has the meaning given the 
term ‘part B institution’ in section 322 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
‘‘(E) 
MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.— 
The term ‘minority-serving institution’ means a 
Hispanic-serving institution, an Alaska Native- 
serving institution, a Native Hawaiian-serving 
institution, a Predominantly Black Institution, 
an Asian American and Native American Pa-
cific Islander-serving institution, or a Native 
American-serving nontribal institution as de-
scribed in section 371 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(F) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.— 
The term ‘Tribal College or University’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 316 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1059c).’’. 
SEC. 10745. SCIENCE EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 
SCHOLARSHIPS, 
FELLOWSHIPS, 
AND 
RE-
SEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The purpose of this section is to 
support a diverse workforce for the complex landscape asso-
ciated with effective and equitable development of advanced 
nuclear energy technologies, including interdisciplinary re-
search to enable positive impacts and avoid potential nega-
tive impacts across the lifespan of nuclear energy tech-
nologies. 
(b) NONTECHNICAL NUCLEAR RESEARCH.—Section 
313 of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 
111–8; 42 U.S.C. 16274a) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(2), after ‘‘engineering’’, by 
inserting ‘‘, which may include nontechnical nuclear 
research.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c), by inserting after para-
graph (2) the following: 
‘‘(3) NONTECHNICAL NUCLEAR RESEARCH.—The 
term ‘nontechnical nuclear research’ means research
938 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
with specializations such as social sciences or law 
that can support an increase in community engage-
ment, participation, and confidence in nuclear energy 
systems, including the navigation of the licensing re-
quired for advanced reactor deployment, aligned with 
the objectives in section 951(a)(2) of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(a)(2)).’’; and 
(3) 
in 
subsection 
(d)(1), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$30,000,000’’ and inserting ‘‘$45,000,000’’. 
Subtitle M—Steel Upgrading Part-
nerships and Emissions Reduc-
tion 
SEC. 10751. LOW-EMISSIONS STEEL MANUFACTURING RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17111 
et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 454 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 454A. LOW-EMISSIONS STEEL MANUFACTURING RE-
SEARCH PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to en-
courage the research and development of innovative tech-
nologies aimed at—
939 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(1) increasing the technological and economic 
competitiveness of industry and manufacturing in the 
United States; and 
‘‘(2) achieving significant net nonwater green-
house emissions reductions in the production processes 
for iron, steel, and steel mill products. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) 
COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE 
STEELMAKING.—The term ‘commercially available 
steelmaking’ means the current production method of 
iron, steel, and steel mill products. 
‘‘(2) CRITICAL
MATERIAL.—The term ‘critical 
material’ has the meaning given such term in section 
7002 of division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations 
Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260). 
‘‘(3) CRITICAL
MINERAL.—The term ‘critical 
mineral’ has the meaning given such term in section 
7002 of division Z of the Consolidated Appropriations 
Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260). 
‘‘(4) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible enti-
ty’ means— 
‘‘(A) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(B) an appropriate State or Federal enti-
ty, including a federally funded research and de-
velopment center of the Department;
940 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(C) a nonprofit research institution; 
‘‘(D) a private entity; 
‘‘(E) any other relevant entity the Secretary 
determines appropriate; and 
‘‘(F) a partnership or consortium of two or 
more entities described in subparagraphs (A) 
through (E). 
‘‘(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘institution of higher education’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
‘‘(6) LOW-EMISSIONS STEEL MANUFACTURING.— 
The term ‘low-emissions steel manufacturing’ means 
advanced or commercially available steelmaking with 
the reduction, to the maximum extent practicable, of 
net nonwater greenhouse gas emissions to the atmos-
phere from the production of iron, steel, and steel mill 
products. 
‘‘(c) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development, Com-
petition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall establish 
a program of research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application of advanced tools, technologies, and 
methods for low-emissions steel manufacturing.
941 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (c), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate this program with the programs 
and activities authorized in title VI of division Z of 
the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021; 
‘‘(2) coordinate across all relevant program of-
fices of the Department, including the Office of 
Science, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy, the Office of Fossil Energy, and the Office of 
Nuclear Energy; 
‘‘(3) leverage, to the extent practicable, the re-
search infrastructure of the Department, including 
scientific computing user facilities, x-ray light 
sources, neutron scattering facilities, and nanoscale 
science research centers; and 
‘‘(4) conduct research, development, and dem-
onstration of low-emissions steel manufacturing tech-
nologies that have the potential to increase domestic 
production and employment in advanced and com-
mercially available steelmaking. 
‘‘(e) STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of the Research and Devel-
opment, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Sec-
retary shall develop a 5-year strategic plan identi-
942 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
fying research, development, demonstration, and com-
mercial application goals for the program established 
in subsection (c). The Secretary shall submit this 
plan to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate. 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The strategic plan submitted 
under paragraph (1) shall— 
‘‘(A) identify programs at the Department 
related to low-emissions steel manufacturing that 
support the research, development, demonstra-
tion, and commercial application activities de-
scribed in this section, and the demonstration 
projects under subsection (h); 
‘‘(B) 
establish 
technological 
and 
pro-
grammatic goals to achieve the requirements of 
subsection (d); and 
‘‘(C) include timelines for the accomplish-
ment of goals developed under the plan. 
‘‘(3) UPDATES
TO
PLAN.—Not less than once 
every two years, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
943 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate an updated 
version of the plan under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) FOCUS AREAS.—In carrying out the program es-
tablished in subsection (c), the Secretary shall focus on— 
‘‘(1) medium- and high-temperature heat genera-
tion technologies used for low-emissions steel manu-
facturing, which may include— 
‘‘(A) alternative fuels, including hydrogen 
and biomass; 
‘‘(B) alternative reducing agents, including 
hydrogen; 
‘‘(C) renewable heat generation technology, 
including solar and geothermal; 
‘‘(D) electrification of heating processes, in-
cluding through electrolysis; and 
‘‘(E) other heat generation sources; 
‘‘(2) carbon capture technologies for advanced 
and commercially available steelmaking processes, 
which may include— 
‘‘(A) combustion and chemical looping tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(B) use of slag to reduce carbon dioxide 
emissions; 
‘‘(C) pre-combustion technologies; and 
‘‘(D) post-combustion technologies;
944 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(3) smart manufacturing technologies and prin-
ciples, digital manufacturing technologies, and ad-
vanced data analytics to develop advanced tech-
nologies and practices in information, automation, 
monitoring, computation, sensing, modeling, and net-
working to— 
‘‘(A) model and simulate manufacturing 
production lines; 
‘‘(B) monitor and communicate production 
line status; and 
‘‘(C) model, simulate, and optimize the en-
ergy efficiency of manufacturing processes; 
‘‘(4) technologies and practices that minimize 
energy and natural resource consumption, which may 
include— 
‘‘(A) designing products that enable reuse, 
refurbishment, remanufacturing, and recycling; 
‘‘(B) minimizing waste from advanced and 
commercially available steelmaking processes, in-
cluding through the reuse of waste as resources 
in other industrial processes for mutual benefit; 
‘‘(C) increasing resource efficiency; and 
‘‘(D) increasing the energy efficiency of ad-
vanced and commercially available steelmaking 
processes;
945 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(5) alternative materials and technologies that 
produce fewer emissions during production and result 
in fewer emissions during use, which may include— 
‘‘(A) innovative raw materials; 
‘‘(B) high-performance lightweight mate-
rials; 
‘‘(C) substitutions for critical materials and 
critical minerals; and 
‘‘(D) other technologies that achieve signifi-
cant carbon emission reductions in low-emissions 
steel manufacturing, as determined by the Sec-
retary; and 
‘‘(6) high-performance computing to develop ad-
vanced materials and manufacturing processes con-
tributing to the focus areas described in paragraphs 
(1) through (5), including— 
‘‘(A) modeling, simulation, and optimiza-
tion of the design of energy efficient and sustain-
able products; and 
‘‘(B) the use of digital prototyping and ad-
ditive manufacturing to enhance product design. 
‘‘(g) TESTING AND VALIDATION.—The Secretary, in 
consultation with the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, shall support the development 
of standardized testing and technical validation of ad-
946 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
vanced and commercially available steelmaking and low- 
emissions steel manufacturing through collaboration with 
one or more National Laboratories, and one or more eligible 
entities. 
‘‘(h) DEMONSTRATION.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of the Research and Devel-
opment, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Sec-
retary, in carrying out the program established in 
subsection (c), and in collaboration with industry 
partners, institutions of higher education, and the 
National Laboratories, shall support an initiative for 
the demonstration of low-emissions steel manufac-
turing, as identified by the Secretary, that uses ei-
ther— 
‘‘(A) a single technology; or 
‘‘(B) a combination of multiple technologies. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION
REQUIREMENTS.—Under the 
initiative established under paragraph (1), the Sec-
retary shall select eligible entities to carry out dem-
onstration projects and to the maximum extent prac-
ticable— 
‘‘(A) encourage regional diversity among el-
igible entities, including participation by rural 
States;
947 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(B) 
encourage 
technological 
diversity 
among eligible entities; and 
‘‘(C) ensure that specific projects selected— 
‘‘(i) expand on the existing technology 
demonstration programs of the Department; 
and 
‘‘(ii) prioritize projects that leverage 
matching funds from non-Federal sources. 
‘‘(3) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate— 
‘‘(A) not less frequently than once every two 
years for the duration of the demonstration ini-
tiative under this subsection, a report describing 
the performance of the initiative; and 
‘‘(B) if the initiative established under this 
subsection is terminated, an assessment of the 
success of, and education provided by, the meas-
ures carried out by recipients of financial assist-
ance under the initiative. 
‘‘(i) ADDITIONAL COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(1) MANUFACTURING U.S.A.—In carrying out 
this section the Secretary shall consider—
948 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(A) leveraging the resources of relevant ex-
isting Manufacturing USA Institutes described 
in section 34(d) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278s(d)); 
‘‘(B) integrating program activities into a 
relevant existing Manufacturing USA Institute; 
or 
‘‘(C) establishing a new institute focused on 
low-emissions steel manufacturing. 
‘‘(2) OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—In carrying 
out this section, the Secretary shall coordinate with 
other Federal agencies that are carrying out research 
and development initiatives to increase industrial 
competitiveness and achieve significant net nonwater 
greenhouse emissions reductions through low-emis-
sions steel manufacturing, including the Department 
of Defense, Department of Transportation, and the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of the En-
ergy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17001 note) is amended in the table of contents by inserting 
after the item relating to section 454 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 454A. Low-Emissions Steel Manufacturing Research Program.’’.
949 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
Subtitle N—Applied Laboratories 
Infrastructure Restoration and 
Modernization 
SEC. 10761. APPLIED LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE 
RESTORATION AND MODERNIZATION. 
(a) DEFINITION OF NATIONAL LABORATORY.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘National Laboratory’’ means— 
(1) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory; 
(2) the National Energy Technology Laboratory; 
(3) the Idaho National Laboratory; 
(4) the Savannah River National Laboratory; 
(5) the Sandia National Laboratories; 
(6) the Los Alamos National Laboratory; and 
(7) the Lawrence Livermore National Labora-
tory. 
(b) RESTORATION AND MODERNIZATION PROJECTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall fund 
projects described in paragraph (2) as needed to ad-
dress the deferred maintenance, critical infrastructure 
needs, and modernization of National Laboratories. 
(2) PROJECTS
DESCRIBED.—The projects re-
ferred to in paragraph (1) are, as determined by the 
Secretary— 
(A) priority deferred maintenance projects 
at National Laboratories, including facilities
950 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
sustainment for, upgrade of, and construction of 
research laboratories, administrative and sup-
port buildings, utilities, roads, power plants, and 
any other critical infrastructure; and 
(B) lab modernization projects at National 
Laboratories, including projects relating to core 
infrastructure needed— 
(i) to support existing and emerging 
science missions with new and specialized 
requirements for world-leading scientific 
user facilities and computing capabilities; 
and 
(ii) to maintain safe, efficient, reliable, 
and environmentally responsible operations, 
including pilot projects to demonstrate net- 
zero emissions with resilient operations. 
(3) APPROACH.—In carrying out paragraph (1), 
the Secretary shall use all available approaches and 
mechanisms, as the Secretary determines to be appro-
priate, including— 
(A) capital line items; 
(B) minor construction projects; 
(C) energy savings performance contracts; 
(D) utility energy service contracts; 
(E) alternative financing; and
951 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
(F) expense funding. 
(c) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—For each fiscal year 
through fiscal year 2027, at the same time as the annual 
budget submission of the President, the Secretary shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the 
Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives a list of projects for which the Secretary will provide 
funding under this section, including a description of each 
project and the funding profile for the project. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities described in this section $800,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2023 through 2027, of which, in each fiscal 
year— 
(1) $640,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for projects at National Laboratories de-
scribed in paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection 
(a); and 
(2) $160,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for projects at National Laboratories de-
scribed in paragraphs (5) through (7) of that sub-
section.
952 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
Subtitle O—Department of Energy 
Research, 
Development, 
and 
Demonstration Activities 
SEC. 10771. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVEL-
OPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES. 
For the purpose of carrying out research, development, 
and demonstration activities and addressing energy-related 
supply chain activities in the key technology focus areas 
(as described in section 10387), there are authorized to be 
appropriated the following amounts: 
(1) OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEW-
ABLE
ENERGY.—In addition to amounts otherwise 
authorized to be appropriated or made available, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary of Energy (referred to in this section as the 
‘‘Secretary’’), acting through the Office of Energy Ef-
ficiency and Renewable Energy, for the period of fis-
cal years 2023 through 2026— 
(A) $1,200,000,000 to carry out building 
technologies research, development, and dem-
onstration activities; 
(B) $1,200,000,000 to carry out sustainable 
transportation research, development, and dem-
onstration activities;
954 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
made available, there is authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary, acting through the Office of Cyberse-
curity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response, 
for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 2026, 
$800,000,000 to carry out cybersecurity and energy 
system physical security research, development, and 
demonstration activities. 
(4) OFFICE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY.—In addition 
to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated 
or made available, there is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary, acting through the Office of 
Nuclear Energy, for the period of fiscal years 2023 
through 2026, $400,000,000 to carry out advanced 
materials research, development, and demonstration 
activities. 
(5) OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.— 
In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be ap-
propriated or made available, there is authorized to 
be appropriated to the Secretary, acting through the 
Office of Environmental Management, for the period 
of fiscal years 2023 through 2026, $200,000,000 to 
carry out research, development, and demonstration 
activities, including relating to artificial intelligence 
and information technology.
955 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
(6) OFFICE
OF
FOSSIL
ENERGY
AND
CARBON 
MANAGEMENT.—In addition to amounts otherwise au-
thorized to be appropriated or made available, there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, 
acting through the Office of Fossil Energy and Car-
bon Management, for the period of fiscal years 2023 
through 2026— 
(A) $600,000,000 to carry out clean indus-
trial technologies research, development, and 
demonstration activities pursuant to section 454 
of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007 (42 U.S.C. 17113); 
(B) $200,000,000 to carry out alternative 
fuels research, development, and demonstration 
activities; and 
(C) $1,000,000,000 to carry out carbon re-
moval research, development, and demonstration 
activities. 
(7) ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY— 
ENERGY.—In addition to amounts otherwise author-
ized to be appropriated or made available, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, acting 
through the Director of the Advanced Research 
Projects Agency—Energy established under section 
5012 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
16538), for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 
2026, $1,200,852,898 to carry out activities of the Ad-
vanced Research Projects Agency—Energy. 
Subtitle P—Fission for the Future 
SEC. 10781. ADVANCED NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES FEDERAL 
RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, 
AND 
DEM-
ONSTRATION PROGRAM. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ADVANCED
NUCLEAR
REACTOR.—The term 
‘‘advanced nuclear reactor’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 951(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(b)). 
(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti-
ty’’ means each of— 
(A) a State; 
(B) an Indian Tribe (as defined in section 
4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)); 
(C) a Tribal organization (as defined in 
section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304)); 
(D) a unit of local government; 
(E) an electric utility (as defined in section 
3 of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796));
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(F) a National Laboratory (as defined in 
section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801)); 
(G) an institution of higher education (as 
defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))); and 
(H) a private entity specializing in— 
(i) advanced nuclear technology devel-
opment; 
(ii) nuclear supply chains; or 
(iii) with respect to nuclear tech-
nologies and nonelectric applications of nu-
clear technologies, construction, project fi-
nancing, contract structuring and risk allo-
cation, or regulatory and licensing proc-
esses. 
(3) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1). 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a program to provide Federal financial assistance to 
eligible entities to support the research, development, 
and demonstration of advanced nuclear reactors.
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(2) COMPETITIVE
PROCEDURES.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the Secretary shall carry out 
the program using a competitive, merit-based review 
process that is consistent with section 989 of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16353). 
(c) APPLICATIONS.—An eligible entity desiring Fed-
eral financial assistance under the program shall submit 
to the Secretary an application at such time, in such man-
ner, and containing such information as the Secretary may 
require. 
(d) PRIORITY.—In selecting eligible entities to receive 
Federal financial assistance under the program, the Sec-
retary shall give priority to eligible entities that— 
(1) plan to carry out projects at or near the site 
of 1 or more fossil fuel electric generation facilities 
that are retired or scheduled to retire, including 
multi-unit facilities that are partially shut down— 
(A) to support the productive reuse of fossil 
fuel electric generation facilities that are retired 
or scheduled to retire; and 
(B) to sustain and revitalize communities 
impacted by the closure of fossil fuel electric gen-
eration facilities; 
(2) plan to support nonelectric applications, in-
cluding supplying heat for—
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(A) energy storage; 
(B) hydrogen or other liquid and gaseous 
fuel or chemical production; 
(C) industrial processes; 
(D) desalination technologies and processes; 
(E) isotope production; 
(F) district heating; and 
(G) other applications, as the Secretary de-
termines to be appropriate; and 
(3) have implemented or demonstrated the abil-
ity to successfully implement workforce training or 
retraining programs to train workers to perform ac-
tivities relating to the research, development, and 
demonstration of advanced nuclear reactors. 
(e) COST SHARE.—Section 988 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352) shall apply to Federal finan-
cial assistance provided under the program. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi-
tion to amounts otherwise available, there are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the pro-
gram— 
(1) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(4) $225,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and
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orbit out to and including the region around the sur-
face of the Moon. 
(5) DEEP SPACE.—The term ‘‘deep space’’ means 
the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, including 
cislunar space. 
(6) DEVELOPMENT
COST.—The term ‘‘develop-
ment cost’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
30104 of title 51, United States Code. 
(7) GOVERNMENT ASTRONAUT.—The term ‘‘gov-
ernment astronaut’’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 50902 of title 51, United States Code. 
(8) ISS.—The term ‘‘ISS’’ means the Inter-
national Space Station. 
(9) LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM.—The term ‘‘low- 
enriched uranium’’ means uranium having an assay 
greater than the assay for natural uranium but less 
than 20 percent of the uranium–235 isotope. 
(10) NASA.—The term ‘‘NASA’’ means the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration. 
(11) ORION.—The term ‘‘Orion’’ means the mul-
tipurpose crew vehicle described in section 303 of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18323). 
(12) OSTP.—The term ‘‘OSTP’’ means the Of-
fice of Science and Technology Policy.
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(13) SPACE
FLIGHT
PARTICIPANT.—The term 
‘‘space flight participant’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 50902 of title 51, United States Code. 
(14) SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘Space 
Launch System’’ means the Space Launch System 
authorized under section 302 of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 18322). 
(15) UNMANNED
AIRCRAFT; 
UNMANNED
AIR-
CRAFT
SYSTEM.—The terms ‘‘unmanned aircraft’’ 
and ‘‘unmanned aircraft system’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 44801 of title 49, United 
States Code. 
Subtitle A—Exploration 
SEC. 10811. MOON TO MARS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) advances in space technology and space ex-
ploration capabilities— 
(A) ensure the long-term technological pre-
eminence, 
economic 
competitiveness, 
STEM 
workforce development, and national security of 
the United States; and 
(B) offer profound inspirational value for 
future generations;
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(2) the Artemis missions— 
(A) will make further progress on advanc-
ing the human exploration roadmap to achieve 
human presence beyond low-Earth orbit to the 
surface of Mars, as required under section 432 of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Pub-
lic Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note); 
(B) should fulfill the goal of landing United 
States astronauts, including the first woman and 
the next man, on the Moon; and 
(C) should seek collaboration with commer-
cial and international partners to establish sus-
tainable lunar exploration, and should fund any 
sustainable lunar activities not directly required 
for the advancement of a human mission to Mars 
separately; 
(3) in carrying out the Artemis missions, the 
Administrator should ensure that the entire Artemis 
program is inclusive and representative of all people 
of the United States, including women and minori-
ties; 
(4) safe and successful execution of the roadmap 
to achieve human presence on Mars, including the 
Artemis missions, requires—
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(A) a clear strategic vision for achieving 
lunar and Mars exploration that is shared by 
NASA, international partners, nongovernmental 
partners, Congress, and the people of the United 
States; 
(B) 
a 
well-developed 
and 
executable 
timeline, budget, and mission architecture, to in-
form decisions, including decisions relating to 
workforce and infrastructure needs and the devel-
opment of technical and nontechnical skills; 
(C) consistent NASA oversight of all rel-
evant exploration activities, enabled by NASA 
leadership with authority, responsibility, and ac-
countability for decisions and well-developed ca-
pabilities for systems engineering and integra-
tion; 
(D) clearly defined roles for NASA, inter-
national partners, and nongovernmental part-
ners, including criteria for determining whether 
NASA should make, manage, or buy key capa-
bilities; and 
(E) mechanisms to ensure NASA insight 
into the activities of its international and non-
governmental partners, as required to identify 
and mitigate risks to mission safety and success.
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(b) MOON TO MARS OFFICE AND PROGRAM.— 
(1) MOON TO MARS OFFICE.—Not later than 120 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall establish within the Exploration 
Systems Development Mission Directorate a Moon to 
Mars Program Office (referred to in this section as 
the ‘‘Office’’) to lead and manage the Moon to Mars 
program established under paragraph (2), including 
Artemis missions and activities. 
(2) MOON TO MARS PROGRAM.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 120 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall establish a Moon to Mars 
Program (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Pro-
gram’’) in accordance with sections 20302(b) 
and 70504 of title 51, United States Code, which 
shall include Artemis missions and activities, to 
achieve the goal of human exploration of Mars. 
(B) ELEMENTS.—The Program shall in-
clude the following elements: 
(i) The Space Launch System under 
section 20302 of title 51, United States 
Code. 
(ii) The Orion crew vehicle under such 
section.
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(iii) Exploration Ground Systems. 
(iv) An outpost in orbit around the 
Moon under section 70504 of such title. 
(v) Human-rated landing systems. 
(vi) Spacesuits. 
(vii) Any other element needed to meet 
the requirements for the Program. 
(C) DIRECTION.—The Administrator shall 
ensure that— 
(i) each Artemis mission demonstrates 
or advances a technology or operational 
concept that will enable human missions to 
Mars; 
(ii) the Program incorporates each 
such mission into the human exploration 
roadmap under section 432 of the National 
Aeronautics 
and 
Space 
Administration 
Transition Authorization Act of 2017 (Pub-
lic Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note); and 
(iii) the Program includes cislunar 
space exploration activities that— 
(I) use a combination of launches 
of the Space Launch System and space 
transportation services from United
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States commercial providers, as appro-
priate, for each such mission; 
(II) plan for not fewer than 1 
Space Launch System launch annually 
beginning after the first successful 
crewed launch of Orion on the Space 
Launch System, with a goal of 2 Space 
Launch System launches annually as 
soon as practicable; and 
(III) establish an outpost in orbit 
around the Moon that— 
(aa) 
demonstrates 
tech-
nologies, systems, and operational 
concepts directly applicable to the 
space vehicle that will be used to 
transport humans to Mars; 
(bb) has the capability for 
periodic human habitation; and 
(cc) functions as a point of 
departure, return, or staging for 
missions to multiple locations on 
the lunar surface or other destina-
tions. 
(3) DIRECTOR.—
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
appoint a Director for the Program, who shall 
lead the Office and report to the Associate Ad-
ministrator of the Exploration Systems Develop-
ment Mission Directorate. 
(B) ACCOUNTABILITY.—The Director shall 
have accountability for risk management and 
shall have authority, as consistent with NASA 
Space Flight Program and Project Management 
requirements— 
(i) to implement— 
(I) Program-level requirements; 
and 
(II) an architecture and program 
plan developed to meet such require-
ments; 
(ii) to manage resources, personnel, 
and contracts necessary to implement the 
Program, as appropriate; 
(iii) to manage cost, risk, schedule, and 
performance factors; 
(iv) to direct and oversee a Program- 
wide systems engineering and integration 
and integrated risk management function; 
and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(v) to carry out other authorities, in 
accordance with Administration policies 
and procedures. 
(C) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Director shall 
be responsible for— 
(i) developing and managing— 
(I) an integrated master plan, in-
tegrated master schedule, and inte-
grated risk management procedures for 
the Program; 
(II) a Program-wide systems engi-
neering and integration function as de-
scribed in subsection (c); 
(III) plans for technology and ca-
pabilities development; 
(IV) logistics support, science data 
management, 
communications, 
and 
other plans that are relevant to the 
functions of the Office; and 
(V) performance measures to as-
sess the progress of the Program; 
(ii) advising the Associate Adminis-
trator of the Exploration Systems Develop-
ment Mission Directorate on the develop-
ment of—
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(I) Program-level requirements, 
including for a human Mars orbital 
mission and a human mission to the 
surface of Mars; and 
(II) an architecture based on the 
requirements described in subclause (I); 
and 
(iii) informing the Associate Adminis-
trator of the Administration on coordina-
tion among NASA centers, as required to 
most efficiently achieve the goals of the Pro-
gram. 
(c) SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INTEGRATION.—The 
Director of the Office shall— 
(1) establish within the Office a Program-wide 
systems engineering and integration function; and 
(2) appoint a manager for such function to man-
age systems engineering and integration activities 
across the Program, including with respect to the Pro-
gram elements described in subsection (b)(2). 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—In the implementation of the 
Program, the Administrator shall ensure that— 
(1) for the purposes of reducing risk and com-
plexity and making the maximum use of taxpayer in-
vestments to date, in conducting Artemis activities,
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the Administration does not take any action in re-
gard to the design of the Exploration Upper Stage-en-
hanced Space Launch System that would preclude it 
from carrying an integrated human-rated lunar land-
ing system for crewed lunar landing missions; 
(2) the Program maintains a robust series of 
ground-based and in-flight testing activities, includ-
ing, with respect to each crewed system design, not 
less than 1 uncrewed flight test, followed by a crewed 
flight test, as appropriate, prior to use of the design 
on a human-rated lunar landing system or Mars mis-
sion; and 
(3) human lunar landing missions under the 
Program, including surface and in-space activities, 
are carried out solely by government astronauts. 
(e) STUDY.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a report detail-
ing— 
(1) progress towards the establishment of— 
(A) the Office, the Program, and the Pro-
gram architecture; and 
(B) the integrated master plan, integrated 
master schedule, and integrated risk manage-
ment procedures for the Program;
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(2) performance measures and milestones for the 
Program and any interim assessment with respect to 
such performance measures, as practicable; 
(3) initial criteria for determining whether 
NASA should make, manage, or buy key capabilities 
within the Program or engage with international 
partners to access such capabilities; 
(4) strategies to ensure consistent insight into the 
activities of NASA partners, including nongovern-
mental partners, as required to identify and mitigate 
mission risks; 
(5) progress towards the establishment of a sys-
tems engineering and integration function; and 
(6) an annual budget profile for resources re-
quired to implement the Program during the 5-year 
period beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
SEC. 10812. SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS. 
(a) EXPLORATION GROUND SYSTEMS INFRASTRUC-
TURE.—The Administrator shall ensure that— 
(1) the necessary elements of a ground system in-
frastructure are in place to enable the preparation 
and use of the Space Launch System, specifically the 
Block 1 (at least 70 mt), Block 1B (at least 105 mt),
973 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
and Block 2 (at least 130 mt) variants of the Space 
Launch System; and 
(2) not fewer than 2 bays of the vehicle assembly 
building of such ground system infrastructure are 
outfitted and dedicated to support Space Launch Sys-
tem stacking and preparations. 
(b) FLIGHT RATE AND SAFETY.—After the first crewed 
lunar landing of the Administration’s Moon to Mars activi-
ties, the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable, seek 
to carry out a flight rate of 2 integrated Space Launch Sys-
tem and Orion crew vehicle missions annually until the 
lunar activities needed to enable a human mission to Mars 
are completed so as to maintain the critical human 
spaceflight production and operations skills necessary for 
the safety of human spaceflight activities in deep space. 
(c) MOBILE LAUNCH PLATFORM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator is author-
ized to maintain 2 operational mobile launch plat-
forms to enable the launch of multiple configurations 
of the Space Launch System. 
(2) SECOND MOBILE LAUNCH PLATFORM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In implementing para-
graph (1), the Administrator shall take all nec-
essary steps to develop and complete a second 
mobile launch platform, to be in place by 2026,
974 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
to support the first launch of the Block 1B vari-
ant of the Space Launch System. 
(B) REQUIREMENT.—Such second mobile 
launch platform shall be sized and constructed to 
accommodate the Block 2 variant of the Space 
Launch System. 
(d) REPORTS.—The Administrator shall submit to 
Congress— 
(1) not later than 45 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, a report on the steps the Ad-
ministrator and industry partners are taking— 
(A) to address the cost, schedule, and per-
formance challenges in the development of the 
Mobile Launch–2 platform; and 
(B) to ensure that such platform is ready 
for operational use on a schedule that aligns 
with the current plans for an Artemis IV launch, 
which is currently anticipated in 2027; and 
(2) not later than 90 days after such date of en-
actment, a report that contains a list of the key mile-
stones required for completing each of the Space 
Launch System variants, and an estimated date on 
which such milestones will be completed. 
(e) EXPLORATION UPPER STAGE.—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(1) IN GENERAL.—To meet the capability re-
quirements under section 302(c)(2) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization 
Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(2)), the Adminis-
trator shall continue development of the Exploration 
Upper Stage for the Space Launch System on a 
schedule consistent with the Artemis IV lunar mis-
sion. 
(2) BRIEFING.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on 
the development and scheduled availability of the Ex-
ploration Upper Stage for the Artemis IV lunar mis-
sion. 
(f) MAIN PROPULSION TEST ARTICLE.—To meet the 
requirements under section 302(c)(3) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2010 (42 U.S.C. 18322(c)(3)), the Administrator may ini-
tiate development of a main propulsion test article for the 
integrated Exploration Upper Stage element of the Space 
Launch System, consistent with cost and schedule con-
straints, particularly for long-lead propulsion hardware 
needed for flight.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
SEC. 10813. ROCKET ENGINE TEST INFRASTRUCTURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, to the ex-
tent practicable, continue to carry out a program to mod-
ernize rocket propulsion test infrastructure at NASA facili-
ties— 
(1) to increase capabilities; 
(2) to enhance safety; 
(3) to support propulsion development and test-
ing; and 
(4) to foster the improvement of Government and 
commercial space transportation and exploration. 
(b) PROJECTS.—Projects funded under the program 
described in subsection (a) may include— 
(1) infrastructure and other facilities and sys-
tems relating to rocket propulsion test stands and 
rocket propulsion testing; 
(2) enhancements to test facility capacity and 
flexibility; and 
(3) such other projects as the Administrator con-
siders appropriate to meet the goals described in that 
subsection. 
(c) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Administrator shall— 
(1) to the extent practicable and appropriate, 
prioritize investments in projects that enhance test 
and flight certification capabilities, including for
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
large thrust-level atmospheric and altitude engines 
and engine systems, and multi-engine integrated test 
capabilities; 
(2) continue to make underutilized test facilities 
available for commercial use on a reimbursable basis; 
and 
(3) ensure that no project carried out under this 
program adversely impacts, delays, or defers testing 
or other activities associated with facilities used for 
Government programs, including— 
(A) the Space Launch System and the Ex-
ploration Upper Stage of the Space Launch Sys-
tem; 
(B) in-space propulsion to support explo-
ration missions; or 
(C) nuclear propulsion testing. 
(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
shall preclude a NASA program, including the Space 
Launch System and the Exploration Upper Stage of the 
Space Launch System, from using the modernized test in-
frastructure developed under this section. 
(e) WORKING CAPITAL FUND STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this division, the Admin-
istrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
Congress a report on the use of the authority under 
section 30102 of title 51, United States Code, to pro-
mote increased use of NASA rocket propulsion test in-
frastructure for research, development, testing, and 
evaluation activities by other Federal agencies, firms, 
associations, corporations, and educational institu-
tions. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired by paragraph (1) shall include the following: 
(A) An assessment of prior use, if any, of 
the authority under section 30102 of title 51, 
United States Code, to improve testing infra-
structure. 
(B) An analysis of any barrier to imple-
mentation of such authority for the purpose of 
promoting increased use of NASA rocket propul-
sion test infrastructure. 
SEC. 10814. PEARL RIVER MAINTENANCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall coordinate 
with the Chief of the Army Corps of Engineers on a com-
prehensive plan to ensure the continued navigability of the 
Pearl River and Little Lake channels sufficient to support 
NASA barge operations surrounding Stennis Space Center 
and the Michoud Assembly Facility.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this division, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress a report on efforts under subsection (a). 
(c) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES
OF CONGRESS DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate committees 
of Congress’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, the Committee on Environment and 
Public Works, and the Committee on Appropriations 
of the Senate; and 
(2) the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology, the Committee on Transportation and Infra-
structure, and the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives. 
SEC. 10815. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION RELATING TO 
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 
(a) POLICY.—Section 501(a) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2010 (42 U.S.C. 18351(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘2024’’ 
and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’. 
(b) MAINTENANCE OF UNITED STATES SEGMENT AND 
ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED OPERATIONS.—Section 503(a) 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Au-
thorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18353(a)) is amended
980 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 
30, 2030’’. 
(c) RESEARCH CAPACITY ALLOCATION AND INTEGRA-
TION OF RESEARCH PAYLOADS.—Section 504(d) of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza-
tion Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18354(d)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence— 
(A) by striking ‘‘As soon as practicable’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2011,’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘The’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and 
inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), in the third sentence, by 
striking ‘‘September 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2030’’. 
(d) MAINTENANCE OF USE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 70907 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘2024’’ and inserting ‘‘2030’’; 
(B) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 
2030’’; and
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(C) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ‘‘Sep-
tember 30, 2024’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 
2030’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for chapter 709 of title 51, United States Code, 
is amended by striking the item relating to section 
70907 and inserting the following: 
‘‘70907. Maintaining use through at least 2030.’’. 
(e) TRANSITION PLAN REPORTS.—Section 50111(c)(2) 
of title 51, United States Code is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), 
by striking ‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2028’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (J), by striking ‘‘2028’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2030’’. 
(f) ASSESSMENTS AND REPORT.—The Administrator 
shall— 
(1) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the vi-
ability of the ISS to operate safely and support full 
and productive use through 2030, including all nec-
essary analyses to certify ISS operations through 
2030; 
(2) not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, submit to the Aerospace Safety 
Advisory Panel an assessment of— 
(A) the root cause of cracks and air leaks in 
the Russian Service Module Transfer Tunnel;
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(B) the certification of all United States 
systems and modules to operate through 2030; 
(C)(i) an inventory of spares or replace-
ments for elements, systems, and equipment, in-
cluding systems certified under subparagraph 
(B), that are currently produced, in inventory, 
or on order; 
(ii) a description of the state of the readi-
ness of such spares and replacements; and 
(iii) a schedule for delivery of such spares 
and replacements to the ISS, including the 
planned transportation means for such delivery 
and the estimated cost and schedule for procure-
ment of such spares and replacements and their 
delivery to the ISS; and 
(D) any other relevant data, information, 
or analysis relevant to the safe and productive 
use of the ISS through 2030; and 
(3) not later than 240 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, submit to the appropriate com-
mittees of Congress— 
(A) a report on the results of the assessment 
conducted under paragraph (1); and 
(B) a plan to address any recommendations 
of the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, con-
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sistent with section 31101(c)(2) of title 51, 
United States Code, with respect to such assess-
ment. 
SEC. 10816. PRIORITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE STA-
TION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall assess 
International Space Station research activities and shall 
ensure that crew time and resources allocated to the Admin-
istration for use on the International Space Station 
prioritize— 
(1) the research of the Human Research Pro-
gram, including research on and development of coun-
termeasures relevant to reducing human health and 
performance risks, behavioral and psychological risks, 
and other astronaut safety risks related to long-dura-
tion human spaceflight; 
(2) risk reduction activities relevant to explo-
ration technologies, including for the Environmental 
Control and Life Support System, extravehicular ac-
tivity and space suits, environmental monitoring, 
safety, emergency response, and deep space commu-
nications; 
(3) the advancement of United States leadership 
in basic and applied space life and physical science 
research, consistent with the priorities of the most re-
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cent space life and physical sciences decadal survey of 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine; and 
(4) other research and development activities 
identified by the Administrator as essential to Moon 
to Mars activities. 
(b) REPORTS.— 
(1) ASSESSMENT
AND
PRIORITIZATION.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the ap-
propriate committees of Congress a report on— 
(A) the assessment; and 
(B) 
the 
steps 
taken 
to 
achieve 
the 
prioritization required by subsection (a). 
(2) SPACE
FLIGHT
PARTICIPANTS.—Not later 
than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appro-
priate committees of Congress a report on measures 
taken, with respect to space flight participants aboard 
the ISS, to ensure government astronaut safety, to 
avoid interference in ISS operations and research 
priorities, and to prevent undue demands on crew 
time and resources. 
(3) ANNUAL
PROGRESS
REPORTS.—Concurrent 
with the annual budget submission of the President to
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Congress under section 1105(a) of title 31, United 
States Code, the Administrator shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress an annual ac-
counting of the use of Administration crew time and 
ISS resources, including the allocation of such re-
sources toward the priorities described in subsection 
(a). 
SEC. 
10817. 
TECHNICAL 
AMENDMENTS 
RELATING 
TO 
ARTEMIS MISSIONS. 
(a) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 
115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20301 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(3)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis I’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis II’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis III’’; and 
(2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 
(b) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public 
Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 note) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3)(D)—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis I’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis II’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’. 
Subtitle B—Science 
SEC. 10821. SCIENCE PRIORITIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.— 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of ac-
tivities, consisting of research and analysis grant pro-
grams, technology development, suborbital research 
activities, and small, medium, and large space mis-
sions, contributes to a robust and productive science 
program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and 
discovery; and 
(2) the Research and Analysis programs funded 
by the Science Mission Directorate are critically im-
portant for— 
(A) preparing the next generation of space 
and Earth scientists; 
(B) pursuing peer-reviewed cutting-edge re-
search;
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(C) maximizing scientific return from the 
Administration’s space and Earth science mis-
sions; and 
(D) developing innovative techniques and 
future mission concepts. 
(b) GOAL.—The Administrator shall pursue the goal 
of establishing annual funding for Research and Analysis 
in the Science Mission Directorate that reaches a level of 
not less than 10 percent of the total annual funding of rel-
evant divisions of the Science Mission Directorate by fiscal 
year 2025. 
SEC. 10822. SEARCH FOR LIFE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) the report entitled ‘‘An Astrobiology Strategy 
for the Search for Life in the Universe’’ published by 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine outlines key scientific questions and methods 
on the search for the origin, evolution, distribution, 
and future of life in the universe; and 
(2) the interaction of lifeforms with their envi-
ronment, a central focus of astrobiology research, is a 
topic of broad significance to life sciences research in 
space and on Earth. 
(b) PROGRAM CONTINUATION.—
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall con-
tinue to implement a collaborative, multidisciplinary 
science and technology development program to search 
for evidence of the existence or historical existence of 
life beyond Earth in support of— 
(A) the scientific priorities of the most re-
cent decadal surveys on planetary science and 
astrobiology and astronomy and astrophysics of 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine; and 
(B) the objective described in section 
20102(d)(10) of title 51, United States Code. 
(2) ELEMENT.—The program under paragraph 
(1) shall include activities relating to astronomy, bi-
ology, geology, and planetary science. 
(3) COORDINATION WITH LIFE SCIENCES PRO-
GRAM.—In carrying out the program under para-
graph (1), the Administrator shall coordinate efforts 
with the life sciences program of the Administration. 
(4) INSTRUMENTATION
AND
SENSOR
TECH-
NOLOGY.—In carrying out the program under para-
graph (1), the Administrator may invest in the devel-
opment of new instrumentation and sensor tech-
nology.
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(5) TECHNOSIGNATURES.—In carrying out the 
program under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
may support, as appropriate, merit-reviewed, com-
petitively selected research on technosignatures. 
SEC. 10823. NEXT GENERATION OF ASTROPHYSICS GREAT 
OBSERVATORIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) NASA’s Great Observatories, a suite of space- 
based telescopes launched over the course of 2 decades 
and comprised of the Hubble Space Telescope, Comp-
ton Gamma-Ray Observatory, Chandra X-Ray Ob-
servatory, and Spitzer Space Telescope, have enabled 
major scientific advances across a broad range of as-
trophysics disciplines, including with respect to the 
origins of planets, the formation and evolution of 
stars and galaxies, fundamental physics, and the 
structure of the universe; 
(2) the decadal survey of the National Academies 
of Science, Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Path-
ways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for 
the 2020s’’ recommends a vision to understand the re-
lationships between stars and the bodies that orbit 
them by ‘‘looking’’ at the universe through a range of 
observations, including radio, optical, gamma rays,
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neutrinos, and gravitational waves, in order to un-
derstand the origin and evolution of galaxies; 
(3) the United States and NASA are uniquely 
poised— 
(A) to lead the world in the implementation 
of the next generation of Great Observatories, as 
recommended in such decadal survey, including 
implementation of an observatory to search for 
biosignatures of exoplanets in the habitable zone; 
(B) to address the most compelling scientific 
questions of the next decade; and 
(C) to transform not only our under-
standing of the universe and the processes and 
physical paradigms that govern the universe, but 
also the place of humanity in the universe; 
(4) the Administrator should pursue an ambi-
tious astrophysics program that meets the scientific 
vision of the astronomical community and the trans-
formative capacity of technological innovation; and 
(5) in implementing astrophysics research, in 
order to avoid the major growth in the cost of astro-
physics flagship-class missions that has the potential 
to impact the overall portfolio balance of the Science 
Mission Directorate, the Administrator should seek to
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implement lessons learned from previous astrophysics 
missions, including by— 
(A) establishing sufficient cost and schedule 
reserves; 
(B) demonstrating in advance of prelimi-
nary design review, as practicable and appro-
priate, the maturity of necessary technologies 
through prototype demonstrations in a relevant 
environment; 
(C) providing for regular updates to the 
cost, schedule, and risk of a project; and 
(D) considering, as feasible, the impacts of 
cost and schedule changes across the Science Mis-
sion Directorate. 
(b) NANCY GRACE ROMAN TELESCOPE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall con-
tinue development of the Nancy Grace Roman Space 
Telescope (commonly known as the ‘‘Roman telescope’’ 
and formerly known as the ‘‘Wide Field Infrared Sur-
vey Telescope’’) in the configuration established 
through critical design review, to meet the objectives 
prioritized in the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy 
and astrophysics of the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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(2) COST
AND
SCHEDULE.—Section 30104 of 
title 51, United States Code shall apply to the devel-
opment of the Roman telescope under paragraph (1). 
(3) QUARTERLY REPORTS.—Not less frequently 
than quarterly, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
progress of the development of the Roman telescope 
and the budget profile and schedule relative to the 
baseline plan for such development. 
SEC. 10824. EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) the Earth science and applications program 
of the Administration provides increasingly valuable 
data for natural resource management, agriculture, 
forestry, food security, air quality monitoring, and 
many other application areas; and 
(2) a robust and balanced Earth science and ap-
plications program contributes significantly to— 
(A) the scientific discovery and economic 
growth of the United States; and 
(B) supporting the health and safety of the 
people of the United States and the citizens of 
the world.
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(b) REAFFIRMATION.—Congress reaffirms the goal for 
the Administration’s Earth science and applications pro-
gram set forth in section 60501 of title 51, United States 
Code, which states: ‘‘The goal for the Administration’s 
Earth Science program shall be to pursue a program of 
Earth observations, research, and applications activities to 
better understand the Earth, how it supports life, and how 
human activities affect its ability to do so in the future. 
In pursuit of this goal, the Administration’s Earth Science 
program shall ensure that securing practical benefits for so-
ciety will be an important measure of its success in addi-
tion to securing new knowledge about the Earth system and 
climate change. In further pursuit of this goal, the Adminis-
tration shall, together with the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, pro-
vide United States leadership in developing and carrying 
out a cooperative international Earth observations-based re-
search program.’’. 
(c) EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS.—With 
respect to the missions and programs of the Earth Science 
Division, the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, follow the recommendations and guidance pro-
vided by the scientific community through the decadal sur-
vey for Earth science and applications from space of the
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi-
cine, including— 
(1) the science priorities described in such sur-
vey; 
(2) the execution of the series of existing or pre-
viously planned observations (commonly known as the 
‘‘program of record’’); and 
(3) the development of a range of missions of all 
classes, including opportunities for principal investi-
gator-led, competitively selected missions. 
(d) EARTH SYSTEM OBSERVATORY.—The Adminis-
trator shall pursue an Earth System Observatory, which 
shall consist of an array of new and complementary Earth- 
observing scientific satellites, instruments, and missions— 
(1) to address the recommendations of the 2018 
Earth science and applications decadal survey of the 
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine entitled ‘‘Thriving on our Changing Plan-
et’’, including by conducting priority observations 
in— 
(A) aerosols; 
(B) cloud convection and precipitation; 
(C) mass change; 
(D) surface biology and geology; 
(E) surface deformation and change; and
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(F) other observation areas designated as 
high-priority by such decadal survey; and 
(2) to achieve the goal of the Earth Science Pro-
gram set forth in section 60501 of title 51, United 
States Code. 
(e) SURVEY OF USE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA 
BY STATES, TRIBES, AND TERRITORIES.— 
(1) SURVEY.—The Administrator shall arrange 
for the conduct of a survey of the use of NASA Earth 
observation data by States, Tribal organizations, and 
territories. 
(2) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Admin-
istrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress the results of the survey conducted under 
paragraph (1). 
(f) CLIMATE ARCHITECTURE PLAN.—The Adminis-
trator shall— 
(1) maintain a comprehensive, strategic Climate 
Architecture Plan for Earth Observations and Appli-
cations from Space that describes an integrated and 
balanced program of Earth science and applications 
observations to advance science, policy, and applica-
tions and societal benefits; and
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(2) update such plan every 5 years so as to align 
with the release of the decadal surveys in Earth 
science and applications from space and the mid-dec-
ade assessments of the National Academics of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 
SEC. 10825. PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDINATION OFFICE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Near-Earth objects remain a threat to the 
United States. 
(2) Section 321(d)(1) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 
U.S.C. 71101 note prec.), established a requirement 
that the Administrator plan, develop, and implement 
a Near-Earth Object Survey program to detect, track, 
catalogue, and characterize the physical characteris-
tics of near-Earth objects equal to, or greater than, 
140 meters in diameter in order to assess the threat 
of such near-Earth objects to the Earth, with the goal 
of 90 percent completion of the catalogue of such near- 
Earth objects by December 30, 2020. 
(3) The goal described in paragraph (2) has not 
be met. 
(4) The report of the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Find-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
ing Hazardous Asteroids Using Infrared and Visible 
Wavelength Telescopes’’, issued in 2019, states that— 
(A) NASA should develop and launch a 
dedicated space-based infrared survey telescope to 
meet the requirements of section 321(d)(1) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 
119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.); and 
(B) the early detection of potentially haz-
ardous near-Earth objects enabled by a space- 
based infrared survey telescope is important to 
enable deflection of a dangerous asteroid. 
(b) MAINTENANCE OF PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDI-
NATION OFFICE.—The Administrator shall maintain an of-
fice within the Planetary Science Division of the Science 
Mission Directorate, to be known as the ‘‘Planetary Defense 
Coordination Office’’— 
(1) to plan, develop, and implement a program 
to survey threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to 
or greater than 140 meters in diameter, as required 
by section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
71101 note prec.);
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(2) identify, track, and characterize potentially 
hazardous near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the 
effects of potential impacts of such objects, and inves-
tigate strategies and technologies for mitigating the 
potential impacts of such objects; and 
(3) assist in coordinating government planning 
for response to a potential impact of a near-Earth ob-
ject. 
(c) DEDICATED SURVEY MISSION.— 
(1) SENSE
OF
CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that— 
(A) the Near-Earth Object Surveyor mis-
sion, as designed, is anticipated to make signifi-
cant progress toward carrying out congressional 
policy and direction, as set forth in section 
321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Pub-
lic Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
71101 note prec.), to detect 90 percent of near- 
Earth objects equal to, or greater than, 140 me-
ters in diameter; and 
(B) the Administrator should prioritize the 
public safety role of the Near-Earth Object Sur-
veyor mission and should not delay the develop-
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ment and launch of the mission due to cost 
growth on other planetary science missions. 
(2) CONTINUATION OF MISSION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
continue the development of a dedicated space- 
based infrared survey telescope mission, known 
as the ‘‘Near-Earth Object Surveyor’’, on a 
schedule to achieve a launch-readiness date not 
later than March 30, 2026, or the earliest prac-
ticable date, for the purpose of accomplishing the 
objectives set forth in section 321(d)(1) of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 
119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.). 
(B) 
CONSIDERATION
OF
RECOMMENDA-
TIONS.—The design of the mission described in 
subparagraph (A) shall take into account the rec-
ommendations of the 2019 report of the National 
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi-
cine entitled ‘‘Finding Hazardous Asteroids 
Using Infrared and Visible Wavelength Tele-
scopes’’, the planetary science decadal survey, 
and the 2018 United States National Near-Earth 
Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan.
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(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 321(f) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act 
of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
71101 note prec.) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 and annu-
ally thereafter through 90-percent completion of the cata-
logue required by subsection (d)(1), the Administrator shall 
submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a 
report that includes the following: 
‘‘(1) A summary of all activities carried out by 
the Planetary Defense Coordination Office established 
under section 10825 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 
since the date of enactment of that Act. 
‘‘(2) A description of the progress with respect to 
the design, development, and launch of the space- 
based infrared survey telescope required by section 
10825(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration Authorization Act of 2022. 
‘‘(3) An assessment of the progress toward meet-
ing the requirements under subsection (d)(1).
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‘‘(4) A description of the status of efforts to co-
ordinate and cooperate with other countries to detect 
hazardous asteroids and comets, plan a mitigation 
strategy, and implement that strategy in the event of 
the discovery of an object on a likely collision course 
with Earth. 
‘‘(5) A summary of expenditures for all activities 
carried out by the Planetary Defense Coordination 
Office since the date of enactment of the National Aer-
onautics and Space Administration Authorization 
Act of 2022’’. 
(e) NEAR-EARTH OBJECT DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘near-Earth object’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 321(c) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public 
Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.). 
Subtitle C—Aeronautics 
SEC. 10831. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT PROJECTS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) developing high-risk, precompetitive aero-
space technologies for which there is not yet a profit 
rationale is a fundamental role of the Administra-
tion;
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(2) large-scale flight test experimentation and 
validation are necessary for— 
(A) transitioning new technologies and ma-
terials, including associated manufacturing proc-
esses, for aviation and aeronautics use; and 
(B) capturing the full extent of benefits 
from investments made by the Aeronautics Re-
search Mission Directorate; and 
(3) a level of funding that adequately supports 
large-scale flight test experimentation and validation, 
including related infrastructure, should be ensured 
over a sustained period of time to restore the capacity 
of the Administration— 
(A) to see legacy priority programs through 
to completion; and 
(B) to achieve national economic and secu-
rity objectives. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States— 
(1) to maintain world leadership in— 
(A) civilian aeronautical science and tech-
nology; and 
(B) aerospace industrialization; and 
(2) to maintain as a fundamental objective of the 
aeronautics research of the Administration the steady
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progression and expansion of flight research and ca-
pabilities, including the science and technology of 
critical underlying disciplines and competencies, such 
as— 
(A) computational-based analytical and 
predictive tools and methodologies; 
(B) aerothermodynamics; 
(C) propulsion; 
(D) advanced materials and manufacturing 
processes; 
(E) high-temperature structures and mate-
rials; and 
(F) guidance, navigation, and flight con-
trols. 
(c) EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT FLIGHT DEMONSTRA-
TIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In meeting the objectives de-
scribed in subsection (b), the Administrator shall 
carry out experimental aircraft demonstrations, in-
cluding— 
(A) a subsonic demonstrator to demonstrate 
the performance and feasibility of advanced, 
ultra-efficient, and low emissions subsonic flight 
demonstrator configurations;
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(B) a low boom flight demonstrator to vali-
date design tools and technologies that can be ap-
plied to low sonic boom commercial supersonic 
aircraft and support the development of a noise- 
based standard for supersonic overland flight; 
and 
(C) a flight research demonstrator to test 
the performance and feasibility of advanced, 
ultra-efficient and net-zero emissions aircraft 
concepts and configurations. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—For each demonstration under 
paragraph (1), the Administrator shall— 
(A) include the development of experimental 
aircraft and all necessary supporting flight test 
assets; 
(B) pursue a robust technology maturation 
and flight test validation effort; 
(C) improve necessary facilities, flight test-
ing capabilities, and computational tools to sup-
port the demonstration; 
(D) award any primary contracts for de-
sign, procurement, and manufacturing to United 
States persons, consistent with international ob-
ligations and commitments; and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(E) coordinate research and flight test dem-
onstration activities with other Federal agencies 
and the United States aviation community, as 
the Administrator considers appropriate. 
(3) UNITED STATES PERSON DEFINED.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(A) a United States citizen or an alien law-
fully admitted for permanent residence to the 
United States; or 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of 
the United States or of any jurisdiction within 
the United States, including a foreign branch of 
such an entity. 
(d) COLLABORATION
WITH
INDUSTRY
AND
ACA-
DEMIA.—The Administration shall seek means to expand 
collaboration with industry and academia on basic research 
and technology development related to experimental air-
craft, and on the experimental aircraft demonstrations re-
quired by subsection (c). 
(e) ADVANCED
MATERIALS
AND
MANUFACTURING 
TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may estab-
lish an advanced materials and manufacturing tech-
nology program— 
(A) to develop—
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(i) new materials, including composite 
and high-temperature materials, from base 
material 
formulation 
through 
full-scale 
structural validation and manufacture; 
(ii) advanced materials and manufac-
turing processes, including additive manu-
facturing, to reduce the cost of manufac-
turing scale-up and certification for use in 
aeronautics; and 
(iii) noninvasive or nondestructive 
techniques for testing or evaluating aviation 
and aeronautics structures, including for 
materials and manufacturing processes; 
(B) to reduce the time it takes to design, in-
dustrialize, and certify advanced materials and 
manufacturing processes; 
(C) to provide education and training op-
portunities for the aerospace workforce; and 
(D) to address global cost and human cap-
ital competitiveness for United States aero-
nautical industries and technological leadership 
in advanced materials and manufacturing tech-
nology. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—In carrying out a program 
under paragraph (1), the Administrator may—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) build on work that was carried out by 
the Advanced Composites Project of the Adminis-
tration; 
(B) partner with the private and academic 
sectors, such as members of the Advanced Com-
posites Consortium of the Administration, the 
Joint Advanced Materials and Structures Center 
of Excellence of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration, the Manufacturing USA institutes of the 
Department of Commerce, and national labora-
tories, as the Administrator considers appro-
priate; 
(C) provide a structure for managing intel-
lectual property generated by the program based 
on or consistent with the structure established for 
the Advanced Composites Consortium of the Ad-
ministration; 
(D) ensure adequate Federal cost share for 
applicable research; and 
(E) coordinate with advanced manufac-
turing and composites initiatives in other mis-
sion directorates of the Administration, as the 
Administrator considers appropriate. 
(f) RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the 
demonstrations under subsection (c) and a program under
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
subsection (e), the Administrator may engage in cooperative 
research programs with— 
(1) academia; and 
(2) commercial aviation and aerospace manufac-
turers. 
SEC. 10832. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS. 
(a) UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS OPERATION PRO-
GRAM.—The Administrator shall— 
(1) research and test capabilities and concepts, 
including unmanned aircraft systems communica-
tions, for integrating unmanned aircraft systems into 
the national airspace system; 
(2) leverage the partnership NASA has with in-
dustry focused on the advancement of technologies for 
future air traffic management systems for unmanned 
aircraft systems; and 
(3) continue to leverage the research and testing 
portfolio of NASA to inform the integration of un-
manned aircraft systems into the national airspace 
system, consistent with public safety and national se-
curity objectives. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON COORDINATION WITH 
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION.—It is the sense of 
Congress that— 
(1) NASA should continue—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) to coordinate with the Federal Aviation 
Administration on research on air traffic man-
agement systems for unmanned aircraft systems; 
and 
(B) to assist the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration in the integration of air traffic manage-
ment systems for unmanned aircraft systems 
into the national airspace system; and 
(2) the test ranges (as defined in section 44801 
of title 49, United States Code) should continue to be 
leveraged for research on— 
(A) air traffic management systems for un-
manned aircraft systems; and 
(B) the integration of such systems into the 
national airspace system. 
SEC. 10833. CLEANER, QUIETER AIRPLANES. 
(a) INITIATIVE REQUIRED.—Section 40112 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) 
as subsections (c) through (g), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(b) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE ON 
REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS AND NOISE EMISSIONS 
FROM AIRCRAFT.—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall es-
tablish an initiative to research, develop, and dem-
onstrate new technologies and concepts— 
‘‘(A) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 
from aviation, including carbon dioxide, nitro-
gen oxides, other greenhouse gases, water vapor, 
black carbon and sulfate aerosols, and increased 
cloudiness due to contrail formation; 
‘‘(B) to reduce aviation noise emissions; 
and 
‘‘(C) to enable associated aircraft perform-
ance characteristics. 
‘‘(2) GOALS.—The goals of the initiative required 
by paragraph (1) shall be— 
‘‘(A) to ensure United States leadership in 
research and technology innovation leading to 
substantial reductions in aviation noise and 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(B) to enhance and expand basic research, 
and the translation of basic research into appli-
cations, that may lead to transformational ad-
vances in reducing aviation noise and green-
house gas emissions; 
‘‘(C) to accelerate research and development 
that contributes to maturing new technologies for
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reducing aircraft noise and greenhouse gas emis-
sions; and 
‘‘(D) to obtain and disseminate associated 
testing and performance data that facilitates the 
incorporation of new technologies into commer-
cial aircraft development as soon as practicable. 
‘‘(3) OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the initia-
tive established under paragraph (1) and the goals de-
scribed in paragraph (2) shall include— 
‘‘(A) as soon as practicable, a reduction of 
greenhouse gas emissions from new aircraft by at 
least 50 percent, as compared to the highest-per-
forming aircraft technologies in service as of De-
cember 31, 2021; 
‘‘(B) noise levels from aircraft throughout 
all phases of flight that do not exceed ambient 
noise levels in the absence of flight operations in 
the vicinity of the flight route; 
‘‘(C) net-zero greenhouse gas emissions from 
aircraft by 2050; and 
‘‘(D) demonstration of new technologies de-
veloped pursuant to such initiative on— 
‘‘(i) regional aircraft intended to enter 
into service by 2030; and
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(ii) A cost estimate for maturing such 
technologies. 
(iii) A description of facility require-
ments for the program under paragraph (2) 
associated with such technologies. 
(iv) A description of the manner in 
which the Administrator will use the efforts 
described in paragraph (2)(B) to determine 
whether the in-space flight test should dem-
onstrate a nuclear electric propulsion sys-
tem or a nuclear thermal propulsion sys-
tem. 
(C) An identification of any policy or regu-
latory challenges or barriers to conducting such 
in-space test or any precursor ground-based test-
ing, and a description of options for addressing 
such challenges or barriers. 
(b) NUCLEAR SURFACE POWER PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall 
establish a program for research, testing, and develop-
ment of a space nuclear surface power reactor design. 
(2) PLAN.— 
(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Administrator 
shall—