datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
may continue enrollment in such public school after the 
effective date of this section and the amendments made 
by this section. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend-
ments made by this section shall be effective for each fiscal 
year for which the amount appropriated to carry out title 
I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 
for the fiscal year, is less than the amount authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out such title for the fiscal year. 
SEC. 5. DEFINITION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED TEACHERS. 
Section 9101(23)(B)(ii) of the Elementary and Sec-
ondary Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801(23)(B)(ii)) is amend-
ed—
(1) in subclause (I), by striking ‘‘or’’ after the 
semicolon; 
(2) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 
the semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(III) in the case of a middle 
school teacher, passing a State ap-
proved middle school generalist exam 
when the teacher receives the teach-
er’s license to teach middle school in 
the State;
‘‘(IV) obtaining a State social 
studies certificate that qualifies the 
teacher to teach history, geography, 
economics, and civics in middle or sec-
ondary schools, respectively, in the 
State; or 
‘‘(V) obtaining a State science 
certificate that qualifies the teacher to 
teach earth science, biology, chem-
istry, and physics in middle or sec-
ondary schools, respectively, in the 
State; and’’.
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4435
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for a refundable 
wage differential credit for activated military reservists. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004
Ms. DELAURO introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide 
for a refundable wage differential credit for activated 
military reservists.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Military Reserve Mobi-
lization Income Security Act of 2004’’. 
SEC. 2. REFUNDABLE CREDIT FOR ACTIVATED MILITARY 
RESERVISTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subpart C of part IV of sub-
chapter A of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended by redesignating section 36 as section
37 and by inserting after section 35 the following new sec-
tion: 
‘‘SEC. 36. WAGE DIFFERENTIAL FOR ACTIVATED RESERV-
ISTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a qualified reserv-
ist, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax im-
posed by this subtitle an amount equal to the qualified 
active duty wage differential of such qualified reservist for 
the taxable year. 
‘‘(b) QUALIFIED ACTIVE DUTY WAGE DIFFEREN-
TIAL.—For purposes of this section—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified active 
duty wage differential’ means the daily wage dif-
ferential of the qualified active duty reservist multi-
plied by the number of days such qualified reservist 
participates in qualified reserve component duty dur-
ing the taxable year, including time spent in a travel 
status. 
‘‘(2) DAILY WAGE DIFFERENTIAL.—The daily 
wage differential is an amount equal to the lesser 
of—
‘‘(A) the excess of—
‘‘(i) the qualified reservist’s average 
daily qualified compensation, over
other than a visa, passport, or other travel, 
entry, or exit document, issued by—
‘‘(I) a foreign mission (as defined 
in section 202 of the Foreign Missions 
Act (22 U.S.C. 4302)); or 
‘‘(II) 
an 
organization 
rep-
resenting a territory or political entity 
other than the United States which 
has been granted diplomatic or other 
official 
privileges 
and 
immunities 
under the laws of the United States 
or which engages in some aspect of 
the conduct of the international af-
fairs of such territory or political enti-
ty.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enact-
ment of this Act and shall apply to removal proceedings 
initiated on or after such date. 
(c) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to affect any alien who is not placed in removal 
proceedings under section 240 of the Immigration and Na-
tionality Act (8 U.S.C. 1229a).
and other activities carried out by local boards 
through the one-stop delivery system in the 
State or local area; and 
‘‘(F) an assurance that the eligible entity 
will comply with any evaluation and reporting 
requirements the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(7) USE OF PERSONAL REEMPLOYMENT AC-
COUNTS.—
‘‘(A) ALLOWABLE ACTIVITIES.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the re-
quirements contained in clauses (ii) and 
(iii), a recipient of a personal reemploy-
ment account may use amounts in a per-
sonal reemployment account to purchase 1 
or more of the following: 
‘‘(I) Intensive services, including 
those type of services specified in sec-
tion 134(d)(3)(C). 
‘‘(II) Training services, including 
those types of services specified in sec-
tion 134(d)(4)(D). 
‘‘(III) Supportive services, except 
for needs related payments. 
‘‘(ii) DELIVERY
OF
SERVICES.—The 
following requirements relating to delivery
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4438
To amend title 38, United States Code, to extend from two years to five 
years the eligibility of veterans who served in recent hostilities for hos-
pital care, medical services, and nursing home care for any illness. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004
Mr. EMANUEL (for himself, Mr. EVANS, Mr. EDWARDS, Mr. STRICKLAND, Mr. 
PETERSON of Minnesota, Mr. FILNER, Mr. GUTIERREZ, Mrs. MCCARTHY 
of New York, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. BOSWELL, Mr. SANDLIN, Mr. 
MCDERMOTT, Mr. SCHIFF, Mr. BALLANCE, and Mr. RODRIGUEZ) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Vet-
erans’ Affairs 
A BILL 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to extend from 
two years to five years the eligibility of veterans who 
served in recent hostilities for hospital care, medical serv-
ices, and nursing home care for any illness.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Discharged Combat 
Veterans Medical Care Extension Act’’.
SEC. 
2. 
FIVE-YEAR 
ELIGIBILITY 
OF 
VETERANS 
WHO 
SERVED IN RECENT HOSTILITIES FOR HOS-
PITAL CARE, MEDICAL SERVICES, AND NURS-
ING HOME CARE FOR ANY ILLNESS. 
Section 1710(e)(3)(C) of title 38, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ‘‘2 years’’ and inserting ‘‘five 
years’’.
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4439 
To require the release of the reversionary interest retained by the United 
States in connection with the conveyance of portions of former Williams 
Air Force Base, Arizona, to Arizona State University and Maricopa 
County Community College District. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004 
Mr. FLAKE (for himself, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mr. KOLBE, Mr. PASTOR, Mr. SHAD-
EGG, Mr. HAYWORTH, Mr. FRANKS of Arizona, and Mr. RENZI) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Edu-
cation and the Workforce 
A BILL 
To require the release of the reversionary interest retained 
by the United States in connection with the conveyance 
of portions of former Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, 
to Arizona State University and Maricopa County Com-
munity College District. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘ASU/MCCCD Land 
Conveyance Act’’.
SEC. 2. RELEASE OF INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY, 
FORMER WILLIAMS AIR FORCE BASE, ARI-
ZONA. 
(a) RELEASE REQUIRED.—(1) The Secretary of Edu-
cation shall release, without consideration, the rever-
sionary interests retained by the United States, and all 
other terms, conditions, reservations, and restrictions im-
posed, in connection with the following conveyances of por-
tions of former Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, under 
the authority of the February 1995 Record of Decision 
for the disposal of excess Federal property at that installa-
tion: 
(A) All conveyances to the Arizona Board of 
Regents, for and on behalf of Arizona State Univer-
sity. 
(B) All conveyances to the State Board of Di-
rectors for Community Colleges of Arizona for the 
Governing Board of the Maricopa County Commu-
nity College District, its successor-in-interest under 
Chapter 330, Section 59 of the Laws of the State 
of Arizona and the Quit Claim Deed dated Decem-
ber 12, 2002. 
(2) The releases required by paragraph (1) shall in-
clude, without limitation, the release of all conditions sub-
sequently imposed on the grantee under quit claim deeds
delivered to the grantee in connection with the convey-
ances. 
(b) INSTRUMENT OF RELEASE.—The Secretary of 
Education shall execute and file in the appropriate office 
a deed of release, amended deed, or other appropriate in-
strument effectuating the release of interests required by 
this section. 
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 443
To amend part E of title IV of the Social Security Act to provide equitable 
access for foster care and adoption services for Indian children in tribal 
areas. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 29, 2003
Mr. CAMP introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend part E of title IV of the Social Security Act 
to provide equitable access for foster care and adoption 
services for Indian children in tribal areas.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Indian and Alaska Na-
tive Foster Care and Adoption Services Amendments of 
2003’’.
SEC. 2. AUTHORITY OF INDIAN TRIBES TO RECEIVE FED-
ERAL FUNDS FOR FOSTER CARE AND ADOP-
TION ASSISTANCE. 
(a) CHILDREN PLACED IN TRIBAL CUSTODY ELIGI-
BLE FOR FOSTER CARE FUNDING.—Section 472(a)(2) of 
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 672(a)(2)) is amend-
ed—
(1) by striking ‘‘or (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘(B)’’; 
and 
(2) by inserting before the semicolon the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, or (C) an Indian tribe (as defined in sec-
tion 479B(e)) or an intertribal consortium if the In-
dian tribe or consortium is not operating a program 
pursuant to section 479B and (i) has a cooperative 
agreement with a State pursuant to section 479B(c) 
or (ii) submits to the Secretary a description of the 
arrangements (jointly developed or developed in con-
sultation with the State) made by the Indian tribe 
or consortium for the payment of funds and the pro-
vision of the child welfare services and protections 
required by this title’’. 
(b) PROGRAMS OPERATED BY INDIAN TRIBAL ORGA-
NIZATIONS.—Part E of title IV of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
‘‘(B) a description of the criteria and
methods to be used for determining eligibility
for the personal reemployment account, includ-
ing whether the eligible entity intends to include
the optional categories described in paragraph
(5)(C)(iii), and the additional criteria and pri-
ority for service that the eligible entity intends
to apply, if any, pursuant to paragraph
(5)(C)(ii)(II);
‘‘(C) a description of the methods or proce-
dures to be used to provide eligible individuals
information relating to services and providers;
‘‘(D) a description of safeguards to ensure
that funds from the personal reemployment ac-
counts are used for purposes authorized under
this subsection and to ensure the quality and
integrity of services and providers, consistent
with the purpose of providing eligible individ-
uals with enhanced flexibility, choice, and con-
trol in obtaining intensive reemployment, train-
ing, and supportive services;
‘‘(E) a description of how the eligible enti-
ty will coordinate the activities carried out
under this subsection with the employment and
training activities carried out under section 134
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4440
To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to render proof of possession 
by an alien of a consular identification card issued by a foreign mission 
prima facie evidence that the alien is deportable, to render inadmissible 
for 10 years any alien who is unlawfully present in the United States 
and presents such a card to satisfy a Federal identification-related re-
quirement, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004
Mr. GALLEGLY (for himself, Mr. HOSTETTLER, and Mr. SMITH of Texas) in-
troduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the 
Judiciary 
A BILL 
To amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to render 
proof of possession by an alien of a consular identifica-
tion card issued by a foreign mission prima facie evidence 
that the alien is deportable, to render inadmissible for 
10 years any alien who is unlawfully present in the 
United States and presents such a card to satisfy a 
Federal identification-related requirement, and for other 
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Identification Security 
Act of 2004’’ . 
SEC. 2. SHIFTING OF BURDEN OF PROOF TO ALIEN POS-
SESSING CONSULAR IDENTIFICATION CARD. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 240(c)(3) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1229a(c)(3)) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(D) POSSESSION OF CONSULAR IDENTI-
FICATION CARD.—
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding 
subparagraph (A), clear and convincing 
evidence that an alien at any time pos-
sessed a consular identification card while 
physically present in the United States 
shall be prima facie evidence that the alien 
is deportable. In such a case, the alien 
shall have the burden of establishing, by 
clear and convincing evidence, that the 
alien is not deportable on any of the 
grounds of deportability with which the 
alien is charged. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION.—For purposes of 
clause (i), the term ‘consular identification 
card’ means an identification document,
SEC. 3. INADMISSIBILITY FOR 10 YEARS FOR PRESEN-
TATION 
OF 
CONSULAR 
IDENTIFICATION 
CARD 
FOR 
FEDERAL 
IDENTIFICATION-RE-
LATED PURPOSE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 212(a)(10) of the Immi-
gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(10)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) PRESENTATION OF CONSULAR IDEN-
TIFICATION CARD FOR FEDERAL PURPOSE.—
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Any alien who is 
unlawfully present in the United States, 
presents a consular identification card to 
satisfy an identification-related require-
ment of Federal law, and seeks admission 
within the 10-year period beginning on the 
date of such presentation, is inadmissible. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of 
clause (i), the term ‘consular identification 
card’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 240(c)(3)(D)(ii)’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enact-
ment of this Act and shall apply to aliens presenting con-
sular identification cards on or after such date.
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4441
To reform and improve the rental housing voucher program under section 
8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004
Mr. GERLACH introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Financial Services 
A BILL 
To reform and improve the rental housing voucher program 
under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Revitalizing Older 
Communities Through Housing Improvements Act of 
2004’’. 
SEC. 2. IMPROVING UTILIZATION AND SUCCESS RATES. 
(a) 
INCREASED
PAYMENT
STANDARD.—Section 
8(o)(1)(D) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 
U.S.C. 1437f(o)(1)(D)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(D) APPROVAL.—The’’ and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘(D) EXCEPTION PAYMENT STANDARDS.—
‘‘(i) APPROVAL.—The’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(ii) INCREASED
PAYMENT
STAND-
ARD.—A public housing agency may estab-
lish a payment standard for the same size 
dwelling unit in a market area or portion 
of a market area between 110 and 150 
percent of the fair market rent, if the pay-
ment standard for the market area or por-
tion of a market area has been set at 110 
percent or above for the 6 months prior to 
the establishment of the new payment 
standard and the public housing agency 
determines that it has—
‘‘(I) a voucher success rate (the 
proportion of families that are issued 
a voucher that succeed in leasing a 
unit within the timeframe provided by 
the public housing agency to search 
for housing) of not more than 80 per-
cent or has provided an extended 
search time of not less than 90 days
to a significant number of voucher re-
cipients; or 
‘‘(II) problems with concentration 
of the voucher holders in high-poverty 
areas. 
‘‘(iii) DISABILITY ACCOMMODATION.—
A public housing agency may establish a 
payment standard of not more than 150 
percent of the fair market rent where nec-
essary as a reasonable accommodation for 
a person with a disability, without approval 
of the Secretary. A public housing agency 
may seek approval of the Secretary to use 
a payment standard greater than 150 per-
cent of the fair market rent as a reason-
able accommodation for a person with a 
disability. 
‘‘(iv) SECRETARY APPROVAL.—A pub-
lic housing agency may establish a pay-
ment standard in accordance with clause 
(ii) without approval of the Secretary, if 
the public housing agency includes in its 
annual plan that is submitted to the Sec-
retary pursuant to section 5A(b)—
responding to the academic subject matter
areas in which teachers provide instruction; and
‘‘(B) when referring to a specific academic
subject matter area, the disciplines or content
areas in which academic majors are offered by
the arts and science organizational unit.
‘‘(2) EXEMPLARY TEACHER.—The term ‘exem-
plary teacher’ has the meaning given such term in
section 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
‘‘(3) HIGHLY
QUALIFIED.—The term ‘highly
qualified’ has the meaning given such term in sec-
tion 9101 of the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
‘‘(4) HIGH-NEED LOCAL EDUCATIONAL AGEN-
CY.—The term ‘high-need local educational agency’
means a local educational agency—
‘‘(A)(i)(I) that serves not fewer than
10,000 children from families with incomes
below the poverty line; or
‘‘(II) for which not less than 25 percent of
the children served by the agency are from fam-
ilies with incomes below the poverty line;
‘‘(ii) that is among those serving the high-
est number or percentage of children from fam-
‘‘(II) using the State report card
on teacher preparation required under
section 207(a); or
‘‘(B) the teacher training program requires
all the students of the program to participate in
intensive clinical experience, to meet high aca-
demic standards, and—
‘‘(i) in the case of secondary school
candidates, to successfully complete an
academic major in the subject area in
which the candidate intends to teach or to
demonstrate competence through a high
level of performance in relevant content
areas; and
‘‘(ii) in the case of elementary school
candidates, to successfully complete an
academic major in the arts and sciences or
to demonstrate competence through a high
level of performance in core academic sub-
ject areas.
‘‘(c) APPLICATION.—Each eligible partnership desir-
ing a grant under this section shall submit an application
to the Secretary at such time, in such manner, and accom-
panied by such information as the Secretary may require.
Each such application shall—
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION OF GUARDIANS OF FREEDOM
MEMORIAL POST OFFICE BUILDING.
(a) DESIGNATION.—The facility of the United States
Postal Service located at 1050 North Hills Boulevard in
Reno, Nevada, shall be known and designated as the
‘‘Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office Building’’.
(b) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, map, reg-
ulation, document, paper, or other record of the United
States to the facility referred to in subsection (a) shall
be deemed to be a reference to the ‘‘Guardians of Freedom
Memorial Post Office Building’’.
SEC. 2. INSTALLATION OF PLAQUE.
(a) AGREEMENT.—The Postmaster General may
enter into an agreement with the Office of Veterans’ Serv-
ices of the State of Nevada under which the Office of Vet-
erans’ Services of the State of Nevada agrees—
(1) to install a plaque to be displayed at the
Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office Build-
ing referred to in section 1(a); and
(2) to maintain and update such plaque, as ap-
propriate and in accordance with subsections (b) and
(c).
(b) INSCRIPTIONS.—
(1) DEDICATION.—The plaque installed pursu-
ant to subsection (a) shall bear the following inscrip-
tion: ‘‘This post office building is dedicated in the
memory of those men and women of the State of
Nevada who have lost their lives while serving in the
Armed Forces of the United States in the Global
War on Terrorism and in Operation Iraqi Free-
dom.’’.
(2) ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION.—The plaque
installed pursuant to subsection (a) shall also in-
clude with respect to the men and women of the
Armed Forces referred to in paragraph (1) inscrip-
tions containing the names, ranks, branches of serv-
ice, hometowns, and dates of death of such men and
women.
(c) EXPENDITURE OF COSTS.—The agreement re-
ferred to in subsection (a) shall provide that the Office
of Veterans’ Services of the State of Nevada shall have
sole responsibility for the expenditure of all costs associ-
ated with the installation, maintenance, and updating of
the plaque.
Passed the House of Representatives September 7,
2004.
Attest:
Clerk.
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 4442
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service located at 
1050 North Hills Boulevard in Reno, Nevada, as the ‘‘Guardians of 
Freedom Memorial Post Office Building’’ and to authorize the installa-
tion of a plaque at such site, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 20, 2004
Mr. GIBBONS (for himself, Mr. PORTER, and Ms. BERKLEY) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Government Reform 
A BILL 
To designate the facility of the United States Postal Service 
located at 1050 North Hills Boulevard in Reno, Nevada, 
as the ‘‘Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office 
Building’’ and to authorize the installation of a plaque 
at such site, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. DESIGNATION OF GUARDIANS OF FREEDOM 
MEMORIAL POST OFFICE BUILDING. 
(a) DESIGNATION.—The facility of the United States 
Postal Service located at 1050 North Hills Boulevard in
Reno, Nevada, shall be known and designated as the 
‘‘Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office Building’’. 
(b) REFERENCES.—Any reference in a law, map, reg-
ulation, document, paper, or other record of the United 
States to the facility referred to in subsection (a) shall 
be deemed to be a reference to the ‘‘Guardians of Freedom 
Memorial Post Office Building’’. 
SEC. 2. INSTALLATION OF PLAQUE. 
(a) AGREEMENT.—The Postmaster General may 
enter into an agreement with the Office of Veterans’ Serv-
ices of the State of Nevada under which the Office of Vet-
erans’ Services of the State of Nevada agrees—
(1) to install a plaque to be displayed at the 
Guardians of Freedom Memorial Post Office Build-
ing referred to in section 1(a); and 
(2) to maintain and update such plaque, as ap-
propriate and in accordance with subsections (b) and 
(c). 
(b) INSCRIPTIONS.—
(1) DEDICATION.—The plaque installed pursu-
ant to subsection (a) shall bear the following inscrip-
tion: ‘‘This post office building is dedicated in the 
memory of those men and women of the State of 
Nevada who have lost their lives while serving in the 
Armed Forces of the United States in the Global