event of an accident or attack involving the radiation 
source. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall trans-
mit the results of the study to Congress not later than 
24 months after the date of enactment of this section. 
‘‘e. COMMISSION ACTIONS.—Not later than 60 days 
after receipt by Congress and the President of a report 
required under subsection f.(3)(B), the Nuclear Regu-
latory Commission, in accordance with the recommenda-
tions of the task force, shall take any appropriate actions, 
including commencing revision of its system for licensing 
radiation sources, and shall take necessary steps to ensure 
that States that have entered into an agreement under 
section 274 b. establish compatible programs in a timely 
manner. 
‘‘f. TASK FORCE ON RADIATION SOURCE PROTEC-
TION AND SECURITY.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is hereby estab-
lished a task force on radiation source protection 
and security. 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The task force shall be 
headed by the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission or the Chairman’s designee. Its mem-
bers shall be the following: 
‘‘(A) The Secretary of Homeland Security 
or the Secretary’s designee.
‘‘(B) The Secretary of Defense or the Sec-
retary’s designee. 
‘‘(C) The Secretary of Energy or the Sec-
retary’s designee. 
‘‘(D) The Secretary of Transportation or 
the Secretary’s designee. 
‘‘(E) The Attorney General or the Attor-
ney General’s designee. 
‘‘(F) The Secretary of State or the Sec-
retary’s designee. 
‘‘(G) The Director of National Intelligence 
or the Director’s designee. 
‘‘(H) The Director of the Central Intel-
ligence Agency or the Director’s designee. 
‘‘(I) The Director of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency or the Director’s 
designee. 
‘‘(J) The Director of the Federal Bureau 
of Investigation or the Director’s designee. 
‘‘(3) DUTIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The task force, in 
consultation with other State, Federal, and 
local agencies and appropriate members of the 
public, after public notice and an opportunity 
for public comment, shall evaluate and provide
recommendations to ensure the security of radi-
ation sources from potential terrorist threats, 
including acts of sabotage, theft, or use of such 
radiation sources in a radiological dispersal de-
vice. 
‘‘(B) RECOMMENDATIONS
TO
CONGRESS 
AND THE PRESIDENT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this section, and 
not less than once every 3 years thereafter, the 
task force shall submit a report to Congress 
and to the President, in unclassified form with 
a classified annex if necessary, providing rec-
ommendations, including recommendations for 
appropriate regulatory and legislative changes, 
for— 
‘‘(i) a list of additional radiation 
sources that should be required to be se-
cured under this Act, based on their poten-
tial attractiveness to terrorists and the ex-
tent of the threat to public health and 
safety, taking into account radiation source 
radioactivity levels, dispersability, chemical 
and material form, and, for radiopharma-
ceuticals, the availability of these sub-
stances to physicians and patients whose
medical treatments relies on them, and 
other factors as appropriate; 
‘‘(ii) the establishment of or modifica-
tions to a national system for recovery of 
radiation sources that have been lost or 
stolen; 
‘‘(iii) the storage of radiation sources 
not currently in use in a safe and secure 
manner; 
‘‘(iv) modification to the national 
tracking system for radiation sources; 
‘‘(v) the establishment of or modifica-
tions to a national system to impose fees 
to be collected from users of radiation 
sources, to be refunded when the radiation 
sources are properly disposed of, or any 
other method to ensure the proper disposal 
of radiation sources; 
‘‘(vi) any modifications to export con-
trols on radiation sources necessary to en-
sure that foreign recipients of radiation 
sources are able and willing to control 
United States-origin radiation sources in 
the same manner as United States recipi-
ents;
‘‘(vii) whether alternative technologies 
are available that can perform some or all 
of the functions currently performed by de-
vices or processes that employ radiation 
sources, and if so, the establishment of ap-
propriate regulations and incentives for the 
replacement of such devices or processes 
with alternative technologies in order to re-
duce the number of radiation sources in 
the United States, or with radiation 
sources that would pose a lesser risk to 
public health and safety in the event of an 
accident or attack involving the radiation 
source; and 
‘‘(viii) the creation of or modifications 
to procedures for improving the security of 
radiation sources in use, transportation, 
and storage, which may include periodic 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission audits or 
inspections 
to 
ensure 
that 
radiation 
sources are properly secured and can be 
fully accounted for, Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission evaluation of security meas-
ures, increased fines for violations of Nu-
clear Regulatory Commission regulations