•HRES 106 IH 
dition to participating in coalitions that elected at least 
6 others; 
Whereas Bolsonaro made his first public remarks 2 days 
later, thanking his supporters and encouraging their pro-
tests, as long as they remained peaceful, but failing to of-
ficially concede to Lula; 
Whereas Bolsonaro’s Liberal Party asked the electoral court 
to reject ballots from voting machines deployed before 
2020, claiming these models were compromised, notwith-
standing that these voting machines represent 61 percent 
of all voting machines and rejecting these ballots would 
likely have flipped the election result; 
Whereas Brazil’s electoral court rejected the challenge 
against the Presidential election result, stating that the 
complaint was made ‘‘in bad faith’’ and fined Bolsonaro’s 
party 22.9m reais or $4,300,000; 
Whereas the Brazilian Supreme Court and the Superior Elec-
toral Court that oversees elections have faced an unprece-
dented campaign of distrust and public threats to judges 
largely due to years of Bolsonaro making false claims 
about the election system including before, during, and 
after the 2022 electoral process; 
Whereas, according to independent experts, Brazil’s election 
officials, and foreign governments, including the United 
States, there has been no evidence of fraud in the elec-
tronic voting machines since Brazil began using them in 
1996, despite Bolsonaro’s claims otherwise; 
Whereas, in the days leading up to Brazil’s Presidential elec-
tions, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube di-
rected many online users seeking basic election-related in-
formation toward groups pushing claims that question 
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•HRES 106 IH 
the integrity of the vote or openly agitating for a military 
coup; 
Whereas there are multiple layers of security to prevent fraud 
errors, including the testing of hundreds of machines on 
election day to ensure votes are recorded correctly, having 
each polling station publicly post vote counts to ensure 
they match up with the national tally, having outside ex-
perts inspect some of the source code of the machines’ 
software, and ensuring machines are not connected to the 
internet, significantly reducing the chances of a hack; 
Whereas, despite this lack of evidence of election fraud, sup-
porters of former President Bolsonaro blocked roads 
across the country, scuffled with police, and continued 
demonstrating outside of military barracks, urging a mili-
tary intervention in order to prevent Lula from taking of-
fice; 
Whereas Bolsonaro arrived in Florida in late December, skip-
ping the January 1, 2023, swearing-in of Lula, who be-
came the first elected Brazilian President not to receive 
the Presidential sash from his predecessor since democ-
racy was restored in 1985; 
Whereas, on January 8, 2023, hundreds of supporters of 
former President Bolsonaro stormed the National Con-
gress of Brazil, the Pala´cio do Planalto (presidential pal-
ace), and the Supreme Court in Brasilia, Brazil, and 
many claimed they wanted the Brazilian military to re-
store Bolsonaro to power and oust newly inaugurated 
President Luiz Ina´cio Lula da Silva; 
Whereas hundreds of protesters began to riot by using heavy 
metal objects to force their way into the buildings, 
smashing windows, setting fires, ransacking offices, de-
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•HRES 106 IH 
stroying furniture and computers, scaling the building, 
and waving flags and banners in support of Bolsonaro; 
Whereas Brazilian authorities are reporting that at least 70 
individuals were injured, including police officers and 
members of the media, and more than 650 people have 
been charged so far in connection to the riots; 
Whereas ongoing investigations have indicated that actions by 
some members of the military and police to encourage, 
support, and protect those violently defacing democratic 
institutions highlight possible cooperation between mili-
tary and police officials and the rioters; 
Whereas such treatment stands in stark contrast to reports 
by United Nations human rights experts demonstrating a 
sharp increase in violence by police of low-income, Black, 
Brown, and Indigenous communities in Brazil over the 
last 4 years; 
Whereas President Lula, congressional leaders, and the Su-
preme Court President issued a statement saying that 
‘‘defenders of democracy’’ in Brazil ‘‘reject the acts of 
terrorism, vandalism, crime, and the attempted coup’’ 
and ‘‘are united to take institutional action, according to 
Brazilian law’’; 
Whereas Brazilian Supreme Court Justice, Alexandre de 
Moraes, is conducting investigations into the riots and 
continues to analyze the security failings that allowed 
Bolsonaro supporters to ransack government buildings; 
and 
Whereas President Joe Biden spoke to President Lula by 
phone on January 9, 2023, and ‘‘conveyed the unwaver-
ing support of the Untied States for Brazil’s democracy 
and for the free will of the Brazilian people as expressed 
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•HRES 106 IH 
in Brazil’s recent President election’’ and also ‘‘con-
demned the violence and the attack on democratic insti-
tutions and on the peaceful transfer of power’’: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) condemns the violent and unlawful attack 
on Brazil’s government institutions, including the 
National Congress of Brazil, the Pala´cio do Planalto 
(presidential palace), and the Supreme Court in 
Brasilia; 
(2) opposes any attempt to overturn the free 
will of the Brazilian people as expressed in the 2022 
election results and undemocratically remove newly 
inaugurated President Lula; 
(3) stands with the people of Brazil as they re-
cover from this horrific incident and seek justice and 
accountability for the attack; 
(4) calls for the United States Government to 
cooperate with requests for assistance received from 
Brazilian authorities investigating the attack; and 
(5) supports constructive dialogues between the 
United States and Brazil to promote democracy, re-
spect for rule of law, human rights, civic participa-
tion, and racial and ethnic equality in access to jus-
tice. 
Æ 
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