datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
HR 956 EAS
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘product sell-
er’’ means a person who—
(i) in the course of a business con-
ducted for that purpose, sells, distributes,
rents, leases, prepares, blends, packages, la-
bels, or otherwise is involved in placing a
product in the stream of commerce; or
(ii) installs, repairs, refurbishes, recon-
ditions, or maintains the harm-causing as-
pect of the product.
(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘product seller’’
does not include—
(i) a seller or lessor of real property;
(ii) a provider of professional services
in any case in which the sale or use of a
product is incidental to the transaction and
the essence of the transaction is the furnish-
ing of judgment, skill, or services; or
(iii) any person who—
(I) acts in only a financial capac-
ity with respect to the sale of a prod-
uct; or
(II) leases a product under a lease
arrangement in which the lessor does
not initially select the leased product
HR 956 EAS
(A) ACTIONS FOR DAMAGE TO PRODUCT OR
COMMERCIAL LOSS.—A civil action brought for
loss or damage to a product itself or for commer-
cial loss, shall not be subject to the provisions of
this title governing product liability actions, but
shall be subject to any applicable commercial or
contract law.
(B) ACTIONS
FOR
NEGLIGENT
ENTRUST-
MENT.—A civil action for negligent entrustment
shall not be subject to the provisions of this title
governing product liability actions, but shall be
subject to any applicable State law.
(b) SCOPE OF PREEMPTION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—This Act supersedes a State
law only to the extent that State law applies to an
issue covered under this title.
(2) ISSUES NOT COVERED UNDER THIS ACT.—
Any issue that is not covered under this title, includ-
ing any standard of liability applicable to a manu-
facturer, shall not be subject to this title, but shall be
subject to applicable Federal or State law.
(c) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this title
may be construed to—
(1) waive or affect any defense of sovereign im-
munity asserted by any State under any law;
105TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. CON. RES. 224
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION
Urging international cooperation in recovering chil-
dren abducted in the United States and taken to
other countries.
(A) CLERICAL.—The table of sections at the 
beginning of such chapter, as amended by section 
2, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following new item: 
‘‘717. Probationary period for employees.’’. 
(B) CONFORMING.—Title 5, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(i) in section 3321(c)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘Service or’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Service,’’; and 
(II) by inserting at the end before 
the period the following: ‘‘, or any in-
dividual covered by section 717 of title 
38’’; and 
(ii) in section 3393(d), by adding at 
the end after the period the following: ‘‘The 
preceding sentence shall not apply to any 
individual covered by section 717 of title 
38.’’. 
(b) APPLICATION.—Section 717 of title 38, United 
States Code, as added by subsection (a)(1), shall apply to 
any covered employee (as that term is defined in subsection 
(b) of such section 717, as so added) appointed after the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
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HR 956 EH1S
sonable inquiry, the pleading is not frivolous as de-
termined under paragraph (2).
(2) DEFINITIONS.—
(A) For purposes of this section, a plead-
ing is frivolous if the pleading is—
(i) groundless and brought in bad
faith;
(ii) groundless and brought for the
purpose of harassment; or
(iii) groundless and interposed for any
improper purpose, such as to cause unnec-
essary delay or needless increase in the
cost of litigation.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the
term ‘‘groundless’’ means—
(i) no basis in fact; or
(ii) not warranted by existing law or
a good faith argument for the extension,
modification, or reversal of existing law.
(b) DETERMINATION
THAT
PLEADING
FRIVO-
LOUS.—
(1) MOTION FOR DETERMINATION.—Not later
than 60 days after the date a pleading in a product
liability action in a State court is filed, a party to
HR 956 EH1S
the action may make a motion that the court deter-
mine if the pleading is frivolous.
(2) COURT ACTION.—The court in a product li-
ability action in a State court shall on the motion
of a party or on its own motion determine if a plead-
ing is frivolous.
(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—In making its determination
of whether a pleading is frivolous, the court shall take into
account—
(1) the multiplicity of parties;
(2) the complexity of the claims and defenses;
(3) the length of time available to the party to
investigate and conduct discovery; and
(4) affidavits, depositions, and any other rel-
evant matter.
(d) SANCTION.—If the court determines that a plead-
ing is frivolous, the court shall impose an appropriate
sanction on the signatory or verifier of the pleading. The
sanction may include one or more of the following:
(1) the striking of a pleading or the offending
portion thereof;
(2) the dismissal of a party; or
(3) an order to pay to a party who stands in
opposition to the offending pleading the amounts of
the reasonable expenses incurred because of the fil-
H. R. 956—23
SEC. 303. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This Act shall apply with respect to any action commenced
on or after the date of the enactment of this Act without regard
to whether the harm that is the subject of the action or the conduct
that caused the harm occurred before such date of enactment.
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1998 
To continue operation of the Human Exploitation Rescue Operative (HERO) 
Child Rescue Corps, a Cyber Crimes Center, a Child Exploitation Inves-
tigations Unit, a Computer Forensics Unit, and a Cyber Crimes Unit 
to support the mission of the Homeland Security Investigations direc-
torate of United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement to com-
bat the exploitation of children. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2015 
Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ (for herself, Mr. POE of Texas, Mrs. LAWRENCE, 
Mr. HASTINGS, Mr. CLAY, Mr. PIERLUISI, Mr. MURPHY of Florida, Ms. 
MENG, Ms. BASS, Mr. RUSH, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mr. CRAMER, Mr. 
CHABOT, Ms. WILSON of Florida, and Mr. KILMER) introduced the fol-
lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and 
in addition to the Committee on Homeland Security, for a period to be 
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 
of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee con-
cerned 
A BILL 
To continue operation of the Human Exploitation Rescue 
Operative (HERO) Child Rescue Corps, a Cyber Crimes 
Center, a Child Exploitation Investigations Unit, a Com-
puter Forensics Unit, and a Cyber Crimes Unit to sup-
port the mission of the Homeland Security Investigations 
directorate of United States Immigration and Customs 
Enforcement to combat the exploitation of children. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Human Exploitation Rescue Operations Act of 2015’’ or 
the ‘‘HERO Act of 2015’’. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The illegal market for the production and 
distribution of child abuse imagery is a growing 
threat to children in the United States. International 
demand for this material creates a powerful incen-
tive for the rape, abuse, and torture of children 
within the United States. 
(2) The targeting of United States children by 
international criminal networks is a threat to the 
homeland security of the United States. This threat 
must be fought with trained personnel and highly 
specialized counter-child-exploitation strategies and 
technologies. 
(3) The United States Immigration and Cus-
toms Enforcement of the Department of Homeland 
Security serves a critical national security role in 
protecting the United States from the growing inter-
national threat of child exploitation and human traf-
ficking. 
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(4) The Cyber Crimes Center of the United 
States Immigration and Customs Enforcement is a 
vital national resource in the effort to combat inter-
national child exploitation, providing advanced ex-
pertise and assistance in investigations, computer 
forensics, and victim identification. 
(5) The returning military heroes of the United 
States possess unique and valuable skills that can 
assist law enforcement in combating global sexual 
and child exploitation, and the Department of 
Homeland Security should use this national resource 
to the maximum extent possible. 
(6) Through the Human Exploitation Rescue 
Operative (HERO) Child Rescue Corps program, the 
returning military heroes of the United States are 
trained and hired to investigate crimes of child ex-
ploitation in order to target predators and rescue 
children from sexual abuse and slavery. 
SEC. 2. CYBER CRIMES CENTER, CHILD EXPLOITATION IN-
VESTIGATIONS 
UNIT, 
AND 
COMPUTER 
FORENSICS UNIT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle H of title VIII of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 451 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
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(4) The term ‘‘economic loss’’ means any pecu-
niary loss resulting from harm (including the loss of
earnings, medical expense loss, replacement services
loss, loss due to death, burial costs, and loss of busi-
ness or employment opportunities) to the extent re-
covery for such loss is allowed under applicable State
law.
(5) The term ‘‘harm’’ means any physical in-
jury, illness, disease, or death caused by a product.
The term does not include commercial loss or loss or
damage to a product itself.
(6) The term ‘‘manufacturer’’ means—
(A) any person who is engaged in a busi-
ness to produce, create, make, or construct any
product (or component part of a product) and
who (i) designs or formulates the product (or
component part of the product), (ii) has en-
gaged another person to design or formulate
the product (or component part of the product),
or (iii) uses the design or formulation of the
product developed by another person;
(B) a product seller, but only with respect
to those aspects of a product (or component
part of a product) which are created or affected
when, before placing the product in the stream
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting the Rights 
of Musicians Act’’. 
SEC. 2. EFFECT OF CERTAIN RADIO TRANSMISSIONS ON 
RIGHT TO GRANT TELEVISION RETRANS-
MISSION CONSENT. 
Section 325(b)(2) of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 325(b)(2)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘or’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(F) to retransmission of the signal of a tele-
vision broadcast station if the licensee of such sta-
tion is also the licensee of an AM or FM radio 
broadcast station and, during the term of the license 
for such television broadcast station in which such 
retransmission occurs, such licensee has transmitted 
a sound recording over such radio station without 
providing compensation for all programming carried 
over the signal.’’. 
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SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON RADIO TUNER MANDATES FOR 
MOBILE DEVICES. 
Part I of title III of the Communications Act of 1934 
(47 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘SEC. 343. PROHIBITION ON RADIO TUNER MANDATES FOR 
MOBILE DEVICES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission may not re-
quire a mobile device to be equipped with a tuner for re-
ceiving the signals of AM or FM radio broadcast stations. 
‘‘(b) MOBILE DEVICE DEFINED.—In this section, the 
term ‘mobile device’ means— 
‘‘(1) a device that— 
‘‘(A) is designed to be carried on the per-
son of the user or to be reasonably portable; 
‘‘(B) provides computing and communica-
tions functionality; and 
‘‘(C) is capable of providing access to com-
mercial mobile service (as defined in section 
332) or commercial mobile data service (as de-
fined in section 6001 of the Middle Class Tax 
Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (47 U.S.C. 
1401)); or 
‘‘(2) a device that is comparable to a device de-
scribed in paragraph (1), except for lacking the ca-
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pability described in subparagraph (C) of such para-
graph.’’. 
Æ 
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I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2001 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to clarify the conditions under 
which certain persons may be treated as adjudicated mentally incom-
petent for certain purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2015 
Mr. MILLER of Florida (for himself and Mr. CONAWAY) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs 
A BILL 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to clarify the condi-
tions under which certain persons may be treated as 
adjudicated mentally incompetent for certain purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Veterans 2nd Amend-
ment Protection Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. CONDITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CERTAIN PER-
SONS AS ADJUDICATED MENTALLY INCOM-
PETENT FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 55 of title 38, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘§ 5511. Conditions for treatment of certain persons 
as adjudicated mentally incompetent for 
certain purposes 
‘‘In any case arising out of the administration by the 
Secretary of laws and benefits under this title, a person 
who is mentally incapacitated, deemed mentally incom-
petent, or experiencing an extended loss of consciousness 
shall not be considered adjudicated as a mental defective 
under subsection (d)(4) or (g)(4) of section 922 of title 
18 without the order or finding of a judge, magistrate, 
or other judicial authority of competent jurisdiction that 
such person is a danger to himself or herself or others.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 55 of such title is amended 
by adding at the end the following new item: 
‘‘5511. Conditions for treatment of certain persons as adjudicated mentally in-
competent for certain purposes.’’. 
Æ 
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HR 956 PP
loss of business or employment opportunities), to the
extent that recovery for the loss is permitted under
applicable State law.
(8) HARM.—The term ‘‘harm’’ means any phys-
ical injury, illness, disease, or death, or damage to
property, caused by a product. The term does not in-
clude commercial loss or loss or damage to a product
itself.
(9) INSURER.—The term ‘‘insurer’’ means the
employer of a claimant, if the employer is self-in-
sured, or the workers’ compensation insurer of an em-
ployer.
(10) MANUFACTURER.—The term ‘‘manufac-
turer’’ means—
(A) any person who is engaged in a busi-
ness to produce, create, make, or construct any
product (or component part of a product), and
who designs or formulates the product (or compo-
nent part of the product), or has engaged another
person to design or formulate the product (or
component part of the product);
(B) a product seller, but only with respect
to those aspects of a product (or component part
of a product) which are created or affected when,
before placing the product in the stream of com-
I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2002 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend expensing of 
environmental remediation costs. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2015 
Ms. ESTY (for herself, Mr. GIBSON, Mr. LARSON of Connecticut, and Ms. 
DELAURO) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend 
expensing of environmental remediation costs. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Brownfields Redevelop-
ment Tax Incentive Reauthorization Act of 2015’’. 
SEC. 2. EXTENSION OF EXPENSING OF ENVIRONMENTAL 
REMEDIATION COSTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 198(h) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘December 
31, 2011’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2019’’. 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply to expenditures paid or incurred 
after December 31, 2011. 
Æ 
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(b) RELATIONSHIP TO STATE LAW.—This title super-
sedes State law only to the extent that State law applies
to an issue covered by this title. Any issue that is not gov-
erned by this title shall be governed by otherwise applicable
State or Federal law.
SEC. 105. LIABILITY RULES APPLICABLE TO PRODUCT SELL-
ERS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.—Except as provided in sub-
section (b), in any product liability action, a product seller
other than a manufacturer shall be liable to a claimant only
if the claimant establishes that—
(1)(A) the product which allegedly caused the
harm complained of was sold by the product seller;
(B) the product seller failed to exercise reasonable
care with respect to the product; and (C) such failure
to exercise reasonable care was a proximate cause of
the claimant’s harm; or
(2)(A) the product seller made an express war-
ranty applicable to the product which allegedly
caused the harm complained of, independent of any
express warranty made by a manufacturer as to the
same product; (B) the product failed to conform to the
warranty; and (C) the failure of the product to con-
form to the warranty caused the claimant’s harm; or
(3) the product seller engaged in intentional
wrongdoing as determined under applicable State law
and such intentional wrongdoing was a proximate
cause of the harm complained of by the claimant.
For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), a product seller shall
not be considered to have failed to exercise reasonable care
with respect to the product based upon an alleged failure
to inspect a product where there was no reasonable oppor-
tunity to inspect the product in a manner which would,
in the exercise of reasonable care, have revealed the aspect
of the product which allegedly caused the claimant’s harm.
(b) EXCEPTION.—In a product liability action, a
product seller shall be liable for harm to the claimant
caused by such product as if the product seller were the
manufacturer of such product if—
(1) the manufacturer is not subject to service of
process under the laws of any State in which the ac-
tion might have been brought; or
(2) at any point before or after entry of judg-
ment, the court determines that the claimant would be
unable to enforce a judgment against the manufac-
turer.
I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2004 
To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide for more effective 
online education verification metrics. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2015 
Mr. BYRNE introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee 
on Education and the Workforce 
A BILL 
To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to provide 
for more effective online education verification metrics. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Online Education 
Verification Act’’. 
SEC. 2. REQUIREMENT FOR SECURE LOGIN AND PASSCODE. 
Section 496(a)(4)(B)(ii) of the Higher Education Act 
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1099b(a)(4)(B)(ii)) is amended by in-
serting after ‘‘processes’’ the following: ‘‘, in addition to 
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requiring a secure login and passcode for coursework on 
the Internet,’’. 
Æ 
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I 
114TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2005 
To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require drug manufactur-
ers to provide drug rebates for drugs dispensed to low-income individuals 
under the Medicare prescription drug benefit program. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 23, 2015 
Ms. CASTOR of Florida (for herself and Mr. LEVIN) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and 
in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be sub-
sequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 
such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require 
drug manufacturers to provide drug rebates for drugs 
dispensed to low-income individuals under the Medicare 
prescription drug benefit program. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Medicare Drug Savings 
Act of 2015’’. 
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SEC. 106. DEFENSE BASED ON CLAIMANT’S USE OF INTOXI-
CATING ALCOHOL OR DRUGS.
(a) GENERAL RULE.—In any product liability action,
it shall be a complete defense to such action if—
(1) the claimant was intoxicated or was under
the influence of intoxicating alcohol or any drug when
the accident or other event which resulted in such
claimant’s harm occurred; and
(2) the claimant, as a result of the influence of
the alcohol or drug, was more than 50 percent respon-
sible for such accident or other event.
(b) CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of subsection (a)—
(1) the determination of whether a person was
intoxicated or was under the influence of intoxicating
alcohol or any drug shall be made pursuant to appli-
cable State law; and
(2) the term ‘‘drug’’ means any controlled sub-
stance as defined in the Controlled Substances Act (21
U.S.C. 802(6)) that has been taken by the claimant
other than in accordance with the terms of a lawfully
issued prescription.
SEC. 107. MISUSE OR ALTERATION.
(a) GENERAL RULE.—Except as provided in sub-
section (c), in a product liability action, the damages for
which a manufacturer or product seller is otherwise liable
under State law shall be reduced by the percentage of re-