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(2) assesses the results of the development and 
demonstration program under this section. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this section $25,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 
2005 through 2007. 
Subtitle D—Miscellaneous 
SEC. 751. RAILROAD EFFICIENCY. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Energy 
shall, in cooperation with the Secretary of Transportation 
and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, establish a cost-shared, public-private research 
partnership involving the Federal Government, railroad 
carriers, locomotive manufacturers and equipment sup-
pliers, and the Association of American Railroads, to de-
velop and demonstrate railroad locomotive technologies 
that increase fuel economy, reduce emissions, and lower 
costs of operation. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of En-
ergy to carry out this section— 
(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; 
(2) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and 
(3) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
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SEC. 752. MOBILE EMISSION REDUCTIONS TRADING AND 
CREDITING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency shall submit to Con-
gress a report on the experience of the Administrator with 
the trading of mobile source emission reduction credits for 
use by owners and operators of stationary source emission 
sources to meet emission offset requirements within a non-
attainment area. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report shall describe— 
(1) projects approved by the Administrator that 
include the trading of mobile source emission reduc-
tion credits for use by stationary sources in com-
plying with offset requirements, including a descrip-
tion of— 
(A) project and stationary sources location; 
(B) volumes of emissions offset and trad-
ed; 
(C) the sources of mobile emission reduc-
tion credits; and 
(D) if available, the cost of the credits; 
(2) the significant issues identified by the Ad-
ministrator in consideration and approval of trading 
in the projects;
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(3) the requirements for monitoring and assess-
ing the air quality benefits of any approved project; 
(4) the statutory authority on which the Admin-
istrator has based approval of the projects; 
(5) an evaluation of how the resolution of issues 
in approved projects could be used in other projects; 
and 
(6) any other issues that the Administrator con-
siders relevant to the trading and generation of mo-
bile source emission reduction credits for use by sta-
tionary sources or for other purposes. 
SEC. 753. AVIATION FUEL CONSERVATION AND EMISSIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration and the Administrator of 
the Environmental Protection Agency shall jointly initiate 
a study to identify— 
(1) the impact of aircraft emissions on air qual-
ity in nonattainment areas; 
(2) ways to promote fuel conservation measures 
for aviation to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce 
emissions; and 
(3) opportunities to reduce air traffic inefficien-
cies that increase fuel burn and emissions.
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(b) FOCUS.—The study under subsection (a) shall 
focus on how air traffic management inefficiencies, such 
as aircraft idling at airports, result in unnecessary fuel 
burn and air emissions. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of the initiation of the study under subsection (a), the Ad-
ministrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and 
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy shall jointly submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce and the Committee on Transportation and In-
frastructure of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Environment and Public Works and the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate a report that— 
(1) describes the results of the study; and 
(2) includes any recommendations on ways in 
which unnecessary fuel use and emissions affecting 
air quality may be reduced— 
(A) without adversely affecting safety and 
security and increasing individual aircraft noise; 
and 
(B) while taking into account all aircraft 
emissions and the impact of those emissions on 
the human health.
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(d) RISK ASSESSMENTS.—Any assessment of risk to 
human health and the environment prepared by the Ad-
ministrator of the Federal Aviation Administration or the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to 
support the report in this section shall be based on sound 
and objective scientific practices, shall consider the best 
available science, and shall present the weight of the sci-
entific evidence concerning such risks. 
SEC. 754. DIESEL FUELED VEHICLES. 
(a) DEFINITION OF TIER 2 EMISSION STANDARDS.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘tier 2 emission standards’’ 
means the motor vehicle emission standards that apply to 
passenger cars, light trucks, and larger passenger vehicles 
manufactured after the 2003 model year, as issued on 
February 10, 2000, by the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency under sections 202 and 211 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521, 7545). 
(b) DIESEL COMBUSTION AND AFTER-TREATMENT 
TECHNOLOGIES.—The Secretary of Energy shall accel-
erate efforts to improve diesel combustion and after-treat-
ment technologies for use in diesel fueled motor vehicles. 
(c) GOALS.—The Secretary shall carry out subsection 
(b) with a view toward achieving the following goals:
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(1) Developing and demonstrating diesel tech-
nologies that, not later than 2010, meet the fol-
lowing standards: 
(A) Tier 2 emission standards. 
(B) The heavy-duty emissions standards of 
2007 that are applicable to heavy-duty vehicles 
under regulations issued by the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency as of 
the date of enactment of this Act. 
(2) Developing the next generation of low-emis-
sion, high efficiency diesel engine technologies, in-
cluding homogeneous charge compression ignition 
technology. 
SEC. 755. CONSERVE BY BICYCLING PROGRAM. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means 
the Conserve by Bicycling Program established by 
subsection (b). 
(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Transportation. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established within 
the Department of Transportation a program to be known 
as the ‘‘Conserve by Bicycling Program’’. 
(c) PROJECTS.—
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(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program, 
the Secretary shall establish not more than 10 pilot 
projects that are— 
(A) dispersed geographically throughout 
the United States; and 
(B) designed to conserve energy resources 
by encouraging the use of bicycles in place of 
motor vehicles. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—A pilot project described 
in paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) use education and marketing to con-
vert motor vehicle trips to bicycle trips; 
(B) document project results and energy 
savings (in estimated units of energy con-
served); 
(C) facilitate partnerships among inter-
ested parties in at least 2 of the fields of— 
(i) transportation; 
(ii) law enforcement; 
(iii) education; 
(iv) public health; 
(v) environment; and 
(vi) energy; 
(D) maximize bicycle facility investments;
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(E) demonstrate methods that may be 
used in other regions of the United States; and 
(F) facilitate the continuation of ongoing 
programs that are sustained by local resources. 
(3) COST SHARING.—At least 20 percent of the 
cost of each pilot project described in paragraph (1) 
shall be provided from State or local sources. 
(d) ENERGY AND BICYCLING RESEARCH STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall enter into a contract with the National Acad-
emy of Sciences for, and the National Academy of 
Sciences shall conduct and submit to Congress a re-
port on, a study on the feasibility of converting 
motor vehicle trips to bicycle trips. 
(2) COMPONENTS.—The study shall— 
(A) document the results or progress of 
the pilot projects under subsection (c); 
(B) determine the type and duration of 
motor vehicle trips that people in the United 
States may feasibly make by bicycle, taking into 
consideration factors such as— 
(i) weather; 
(ii) land use and traffic patterns;
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(iii) the carrying capacity of bicycles; 
and 
(iv) bicycle infrastructure; 
(C) determine any energy savings that 
would result from the conversion of motor vehi-
cle trips to bicycle trips; 
(D) include a cost-benefit analysis of bicy-
cle infrastructure investments; and 
(E) include a description of any factors 
that would encourage more motor vehicle trips 
to be replaced with bicycle trips. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$6,200,000, to remain available until expended, of 
which— 
(1) $5,150,000 shall be used to carry out pilot 
projects described in subsection (c); 
(2) $300,000 shall be used by the Secretary to 
coordinate, publicize, and disseminate the results of 
the program; and 
(3) $750,000 shall be used to carry out sub-
section (d). 
SEC. 756. REDUCTION OF ENGINE IDLING OF HEAVY-DUTY 
VEHICLES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
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(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(2) ADVANCED TRUCK STOP ELECTRIFICATION 
SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘advanced truck stop elec-
trification system’’ means a stationary system that 
delivers heat, air conditioning, electricity, or commu-
nications, and is capable of providing verifiable and 
auditable evidence of use of those services, to a 
heavy-duty vehicle and any occupants of the heavy- 
duty vehicle with or without relying on components 
mounted onboard the heavy-duty vehicle for delivery 
of those services. 
(3) AUXILIARY POWER UNIT.—The term ‘‘auxil-
iary power unit’’ means an integrated system that— 
(A) provides heat, air conditioning, engine 
warming, or electricity to components on a 
heavy-duty vehicle; and 
(B) is certified by the Administrator under 
part 89 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations 
(or any successor regulation), as meeting appli-
cable emission standards. 
(4) HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLE.—The term ‘‘heavy- 
duty vehicle’’ means a vehicle that—
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(A) has a gross vehicle weight rating great-
er than 8,500 pounds; and 
(B) is powered by a diesel engine. 
(5) IDLE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY.—The term 
‘‘idle reduction technology’’ means an advanced 
truck stop electrification system, auxiliary power 
unit, or other device or system of devices that— 
(A) is used to reduce long-duration idling 
of a heavy-duty vehicle; and 
(B) allows for the main drive engine or 
auxiliary refrigeration engine of a heavy-duty 
vehicle to be shut down. 
(6) ENERGY
CONSERVATION
TECHNOLOGY.— 
the term ‘‘energy conservation technology’’ means 
any device, system of devices, or equipment that im-
proves the fuel economy of a heavy-duty vehicle. 
(7) LONG-DURATION IDLING.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘long-dura-
tion idling’’ means the operation of a main 
drive engine or auxiliary refrigeration engine of 
a heavy-duty vehicle, for a period greater than 
15 consecutive minutes, at a time at which the 
main drive engine is not engaged in gear. 
(B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘long-dura-
tion idling’’ does not include the operation of a
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main drive engine or auxiliary refrigeration en-
gine of a heavy-duty vehicle during a routine 
stoppage associated with traffic movement or 
congestion. 
(b) IDLE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGY BENEFITS, PRO-
GRAMS, AND STUDIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall— 
(A)(i) commence a review of the mobile 
source air emission models of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency used under the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) to determine 
whether the models accurately reflect the emis-
sions resulting from long-duration idling of 
heavy-duty vehicles and other vehicles and en-
gines; and 
(ii) update those models as the Adminis-
trator determines to be appropriate; and 
(B)(i) commence a review of the emission 
reductions achieved by the use of idle reduction 
technology; and 
(ii) complete such revisions of the regula-
tions and guidance of the Environmental Pro-