Shuttle fleet, while providing for cost effective man-
agement and vehicle development; 
(2) provides for a robust flight and ground test 
and demonstration program; 
(3) streamlines program management processes 
to the maximum extent practicable while ensuring 
that the Government’s ability to meet its responsibil-
ities for cost discipline, safety, and mission assurance 
is maintained; 
(4) working with industry, eliminates unneces-
sary NASA and industry institutional infrastructure, 
other fixed costs, processes, and oversight, reducing ex-
ploration program fixed costs to the extent practicable 
and maximizing the program’s affordability; 
(5) incentivizes, through innovative management 
practices, NASA program and project managers and 
industry counterparts to establish and maintain real-
istic cost and schedule estimates, and take necessary 
steps to avoid cost and schedule growth; 
(6) seeks to minimize to the extent practicable 
the operating costs of the crew transportation system 
developed under the restructured exploration program; 
(7) enables the restructured exploration program 
to undertake in an incremental fashion increasingly 
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challenging uncrewed and crewed demonstration 
flights in and beyond low-Earth orbit; 
(8) allows the systems developed under the re-
structured exploration program to serve as potential 
testbeds for the demonstration of key enabling explo-
ration technologies and operational capabilities; and 
(9) prepares for and enables human missions to 
a variety of destinations in the inner solar system, 
including cislunar space, the Moon, Lagrangian 
points, near-Earth objects, and ultimately Mars and 
its moons. 
(c) SUPPORT SYSTEMS.—The restructured exploration 
program shall continue work on ground systems and other 
exploration-enabling technologies and capabilities needed to 
support the exploration program, including spacesuit devel-
opment, as expeditiously as possible within available re-
sources. 
(d) NASA LAUNCH SUPPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE 
MODERNIZATION PROGRAM FOR THE RESTRUCTURED EX-
PLORATION PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall carry 
out a program to prepare infrastructure at the Ken-
nedy Space Center that is needed to enable processing 
and launch of the elements of the restructured explo-
ration program, including simplifying vehicle inter-
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faces and other ground processing and payload inte-
gration areas to minimize overall costs, enhance safe-
ty, and complement the purpose of this section. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The program required by this 
section shall include— 
(A) investments in support of the restruc-
tured exploration program to— 
(i) improve processing and launch op-
erations at the Kennedy Space Center; 
(ii) enhance the overall capabilities of 
the Eastern Range; and 
(iii) reduce the long-term cost of oper-
ations and maintenance; 
(B) measures in support of the restructured 
exploration program to provide multivehicle sup-
port and improvements in payload processing; 
and 
(C) such other measures in support of the 
restructured exploration program as the Admin-
istrator may consider appropriate. 
(e) REPORT ON NASA LAUNCH SUPPORT AND INFRA-
STRUCTURE MODERNIZATION PROGRAM
FOR
THE RE-
STRUCTURED EXPLORATION PROGRAM.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Admin-
istrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of the 
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Congress a report on the plan for the implementation of 
the program authorized in subsection (d). 
(f) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The Adminis-
trator shall explore potential international collaborations 
that would enable more ambitious exploration missions in 
a timely manner and within available resources than would 
otherwise be possible, such as human lunar landings or the 
incremental establishment of a lunar research outpost. 
SEC. 203. SPACE RADIATION. 
(a) STRATEGY.—The Administrator shall develop a 
space radiation mitigation and management strategy and 
implementation plan that includes key milestones, a time-
table, and estimation of budget requirements. The strategy 
shall include a mechanism to coordinate NASA research, 
technology, facilities, engineering, operations, and other 
functions required to support the strategy and plan. The 
Administrator shall transmit the strategy and plan to the 
Congress not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act. 
(b) SPACE RADIATION RESEARCH FACILITIES.—The 
Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other ap-
propriate Federal agencies, shall assess the national capa-
bilities for carrying out critical ground-based research on 
space radiation biology, and shall identify any issues that 
could affect the ability to carry out that research. 
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(c) RESEARCH ON SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS.—The 
Administrator shall carry out research on solar particle 
events to improve the predictions and forecasts of solar par-
ticle events that could affect human missions beyond low- 
Earth orbit. 
(d) RADIATION
RESEARCH
ON
NON-HUMAN
PRI-
MATES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
transmit to the Congress not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act a report on prior 
radiation research on non-human primates and the 
justification and rationale for any additional re-
search involving non-human primates. 
(2) CONSULTATION.—In preparing the report, 
the Administrator shall consult with other Govern-
ment agencies that have previously conducted radi-
ation research on non-human primates. 
Subtitle B—International Space 
Station 
SEC. 211. EXTENSION OF ISS OPERATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, in con-
sultation with the ISS partners, take all necessary measures 
to support the operation and full utilization of the Inter-
national Space Station through at least the year 2020, if 
it can continue to be operated safely over that period. The 
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Administrator shall, in consultation with the ISS partners, 
seek to minimize to the extent practicable the operating 
costs of the ISS. 
(b) VEHICLE AND COMPONENT REVIEW.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall— 
(A) conduct an in-depth assessment of all 
essential modules, operational systems and com-
ponents, structural elements, and permanent sci-
entific equipment on board or planned for deliv-
ery and installation aboard the ISS, including 
both United States and international partner 
elements, to determine anticipated spare or re-
placement requirements to ensure complete, effec-
tive, and safe function and full scientific utiliza-
tion of the ISS; and 
(B) provide the completed assessment to the 
Congress within 90 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS OF ASSESSMENT.—The re-
sults of the required assessment shall include, at a 
minimum, the following: 
(A) The identification of spare or replace-
ment elements and parts currently produced, in 
inventory, or on order, and the state of readiness 
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and schedule for delivery to the ISS, including 
the planned transportation means for such deliv-
ery. Each element identified shall include a de-
scription of its location, function, criticality for 
system integrity, and specifications regarding 
size, weight, and necessary configuration for 
launch and delivery. 
(B) The identification of anticipated re-
quirements for spare or replacement elements not 
currently in inventory or on order, a description 
of their location, function, criticality for system 
integrity, the anticipated cost and schedule for 
design, procurement, manufacture and delivery, 
and specifications regarding size, weight, and 
necessary configuration for launch and delivery, 
including available launch vehicles capable of 
transportation of such items to the ISS. 
(C) The identification of spare or replace-
ment parts existing or planned that due to size, 
weight, and launch configuration can only be 
carried to the ISS by the Space Shuttle. 
(3) COMPTROLLER
GENERAL.—The Adminis-
trator shall enable the Comptroller General to monitor 
and, as appropriate, participate in the assessment re-
quired by paragraph (1) in such a way as to enable 
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the Comptroller General to provide to the Congress an 
independent review of the assessment. 
SEC. 212. ISS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION. 
(a) DESIGNATION.—Pursuant to section 507 of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza-
tion Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16767), the Administrator shall 
designate an independent, nonprofit United States institu-
tion, based on the result of a competitive solicitation, for 
the management of fundamental space life science and 
physical sciences and related technology research to be con-
ducted on the ISS, as well as all research, including United 
States commercial research, that is funded by non-NASA 
United States domestic entities and carried out on the ISS. 
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The research management in-
stitution designated under subsection (a) shall make rec-
ommendations to the Administrator for— 
(1) competitively selecting, prioritizing, and 
overseeing United States ISS research projects across 
all United States users, sponsors, and disciplines, in-
cluding domestic entities other than NASA, seeking to 
carry out research on the ISS; 
(2) establishing a process for governance of 
United States ISS research users; 
(3) conducting outreach and education to en-
hance the utilization of the ISS; and 
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(4) providing easily accessible information on 
the United States capabilities, research facilities, and 
resources associated with the United States research 
use of the ISS. 
(c) DEVIATIONS.—If the Administrator takes actions 
that deviate from the recommendations provided by the re-
search management institution under subsection (b), the 
Administrator shall transmit to the Congress a report ex-
plaining the reasons for such deviation. 
(d) OTHER GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS.—Other govern-
ment agencies engaged in research and development are au-
thorized to enter into contracts with the nonprofit organiza-
tion designated under subsection (a) if it is determined by 
those agencies to be beneficial to meeting their mission re-
quirements for use of the ISS. 
SEC. 213. ISS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT PLAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in coordination 
with the Associate Administrator for the Space Operations 
Mission Directorate, shall require that the institution des-
ignated under section 212(a) prepare for the Administrator 
a United States ISS research management plan that— 
(1) establishes a process for selecting United 
States ISS research; 
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(2) identifies the expertise and support available 
to researchers selected to carry out research on the 
ISS; 
(3) establishes a process for determining alloca-
tion schedules for research to be carried out on the 
ISS; 
(4) establishes a process for accommodating 
logistical and transportation requirements for ISS re-
search payloads; 
(5) prescribes flight schedules for research pay-
loads to the ISS (and research materials to be re-
turned to Earth, if necessary); and 
(6) addresses other factors associated with the se-
lection, management, and oversight of United States 
ISS research. 
(b) TRANSMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—The plan shall be 
transmitted to the Congress not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 214. OUTREACH PLAN FOR UNITED STATES ISS RE-
SEARCH. 
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall transmit to the Congress 
a plan prepared by the institution designated under section 
212(a) for broadening and enhancing the outreach to poten-
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