tion of staple crops through breeding and bio-
technology, diet diversification, home gardening, and 
nutritional education linked to agricultural exten-
sion. 
‘‘(c) PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND CO-
OPERATIVES.—In providing assistance under this section 
for the purposes described in subsection (b), the President 
shall enter into partnerships with and provide grants, co-
operative agreements, and other assistance to private vol-
untary organizations and cooperatives to mobilize and as-
sist poor populations. 
‘‘(d) PRIORITY
AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—In 
providing assistance under this section, the President shall 
meet the following priority and other requirements: 
‘‘(1) Assistance under this section shall be used 
primarily for activities that are specifically designed 
to meet the purposes described in subsection (b) (2) 
and (3), including such activities as— 
‘‘(A) expansion and improvement of agri-
cultural and food enterprises, cooperatives and 
associations that can increase the productivity 
and incomes of the poor in part through the 
transfer of skills and knowledge; 
‘‘(B) linking farmers, entrepreneurs, enter-
prises and institutions in poor areas with re-
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gional and national businesses, institutions and 
systems; 
‘‘(C) providing access to markets, inputs, 
financing, extension services, and appropriate 
technologies for the rural poor; 
‘‘(D) expansion of rural infrastructure (as 
defined in section 3 of the Global Food Security 
Act of 2009) and utilities such as farm-to-mar-
ket roads, water management systems, land im-
provement, storage facilities, and energy, spe-
cifically renewable energy whenever practicable; 
‘‘(E) establishment of more equitable and 
more secure land tenure and resource rights ar-
rangements; and 
‘‘(F) creation and strengthening of systems 
to provide other services and supplies needed by 
farmers, such as extension, research, training, 
financing, fertilizer, water, forestry, soil con-
servation, and improved seed, in ways which as-
sure gender equitable access to such services 
and supplies by small farmers. 
‘‘(2) In circumstances in which development of 
major infrastructure is necessary to achieve the pur-
poses of subsection (b), assistance for those purposes 
may only be provided under this section in associa-
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tion with significant contributions from other coun-
tries working together in a multilateral framework. 
Infrastructure projects so assisted should be environ-
mentally sensitive and complemented by other meas-
ures to ensure that the benefits of the infrastructure 
projects reach the poor. 
‘‘(3)(A) Congress recognizes that the accel-
erating loss and degradation of natural ecosystems, 
including forests, in developing countries undermines 
and offsets efforts to improve agricultural produc-
tion and nutrition and otherwise to meet the basic 
human needs of the poor. Degradation and destruc-
tion of natural ecosystems results in the loss of valu-
able ecosystem goods and services including, crop 
pollination, pest and disease control, productive soil, 
nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, clean and 
abundant water, highly nutritious fish and animals, 
and commercially valuable products such as pharma-
ceuticals and wood. 
‘‘(B) Where appropriate to meet the purposes 
of subsection (b), assistance shall be provided under 
this section to maintain, enhance and value eco-
system goods and services in developing countries. 
Such assistance shall include the protection of wa-
tersheds and soil, sustainable agricultural, forest, 
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fisheries, and agro-forest management, and the pro-
vision of alternative household fuels that reduce de-
mand for and emissions from the combustion of local 
forest resources. 
‘‘(e) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
‘‘(A) the greatest potential for significantly 
expanding availability of food for people in 
rural areas and augmenting world food produc-
tion at relatively low cost lies in increasing the 
productivity of small farmers who constitute a 
majority of the agricultural producers in devel-
oping countries; and 
‘‘(B) increasing the emphasis on rural de-
velopment and expanded food production in the 
poorest nations of the developing world is a 
matter of social justice and a principal element 
contributing to broadly based economic growth, 
as well as an important factor in alleviating in-
flation in the industrialized countries. 
‘‘(2) ALLOCATION
OF
FUNDS.—In allocating 
funds for the provision of assistance under this sec-
tion, special attention shall be given to increasing 
agricultural production in countries that have been 
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designated as ‘least developed’ by the United Na-
tions General Assembly. 
‘‘(f) 
COORDINATION
WITH
POPULATION
AND 
HEALTH ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is encour-
aged to coordinate assistance provided under this 
section with programs carried out under section 104 
of this Act to help improve nutrition of the people 
of developing countries through— 
‘‘(A) encouragement of increased produc-
tion of crops with greater nutritional value; 
‘‘(B) improvement of planning, research, 
and education with respect to nutrition, particu-
larly with reference to improvement and ex-
panded use of indigenous foodstuffs; and 
‘‘(C) the undertaking of pilot or dem-
onstration programs explicitly addressing the 
problem of malnutrition of poor and vulnerable 
people. 
‘‘(2) OTHER
SUPPORT.—In particular, the 
President is further encouraged— 
‘‘(A) to devise and carry out in partnership 
with developing countries a strategy for pro-
grams of nutrition and health improvement for 
mothers and children, including breastfeeding 
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and all other optimal infant and young child 
feeding; and 
‘‘(B) to provide technical, financial, and 
material support to individuals or groups at the 
local level for such programs. 
‘‘(g) LOCAL CURRENCY PROCEEDS.—Local currency 
proceeds from sales of commodities provided under the 
Food for Peace Act that are owned by foreign govern-
ments shall be used whenever practicable to carry out the 
provisions of this section. 
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the President to carry out this sec-
tion 
$1,000,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2010, 
$1,250,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2011, 
$1,500,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2012, 
$2,000,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2013, 
and 
$2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2014. 
‘‘(2) RELATION TO OTHER FUNDS.—Amounts 
authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) 
are in addition to funds otherwise available for such 
purposes.’’. 
SEC. 202. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. 
Section 103A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2151a–1) is amended in the first sentence— 
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(1) by striking ‘‘, and (3) make’’ and inserting 
‘‘, (3) make’’; 
(2) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing ‘‘, and (4) include research on technological ad-
vances appropriate to local ecological condition.’’; 
and 
(3) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing ‘‘, and (5) include research to address the effects 
of climate change on agriculture and the measures 
necessary to adapt to observed or anticipated effects 
and to identify methods to valuate and enhance car-
bon sequestration through conservation agriculture 
and other techniques.’’. 
TITLE 
III—UNIVERSITY 
PART-
NERSHIPS 
FOR 
AGRI-
CULTURE 
SEC. 301. AMENDMENT TO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 
1961. 
Title XII of chapter 2 of part I the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2220a et seq.) is amended 
to read as follows: 
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‘‘TITLE XII—UNIVERSITY PART-
NERSHIPS 
FOR 
AGRI-
CULTURE 
‘‘SEC. 296. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
‘‘(1) Agriculture has been a driver of economic 
growth as the foundation of industry and commerce 
in developed countries. 
‘‘(2) Institutions of higher education, including 
vocational education, can promote a robust agri-
culture sector through the dissemination of knowl-
edge, the building of human capital, research and 
technology, and extension. 
‘‘(3) According to a World Bank study, higher 
education contributes to national productivity, raises 
living standards, and improves the ability of a coun-
try to compete globally. 
‘‘(4) Enrollment rates in higher education are 5 
percent in Africa, 10 percent in South Asia, 19 per-
cent in East Asia, and 23 percent in North Africa 
and the Middle East. 
‘‘(5) Universities in the United States have a 
history of serving as engines of development. 
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‘‘(6) Many universities in the United States 
have experience in partnering with foreign univer-
sities on faculty and student exchanges, curriculum 
development, joint research projects, and extension. 
‘‘(7) Land-grant universities and other univer-
sities in the United States have demonstrated their 
ability to cooperate with international agencies, edu-
cational and research institutions in other countries, 
the private sector, and nongovernmental organiza-
tions worldwide in expanding global agricultural pro-
duction, processing, business and trade, and pro-
moting better management of agricultural and nat-
ural resources, including adaptation to the effects of 
climate change, to the benefit of aid recipient coun-
tries and the United States. 
‘‘(8) Population growth will exert pressures on 
food supplies and prices and require investments in 
increased agricultural productivity, processing, mar-
keting, trade, research, extension, and technology in 
order to provide food security, ensure health and nu-
trition, and build the basis for economic growth. 
‘‘(9) United States foreign assistance support 
for higher education has declined from the 1990s. 
‘‘(10) Global food security is in the interest of 
the United States because it promotes stability and 
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economic growth, increases trade opportunities, and 
alleviates hunger and poverty. 
‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this title is to au-
thorize United States assistance that promotes food secu-
rity, agriculture productivity, rural development, poverty 
and malnutrition alleviation, and environmental sustain-
ability by engaging the expertise of United States institu-
tions of higher education in collaboration with public and 
private institutions in developing countries. 
‘‘SEC. 297. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘In this title: 
‘‘(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Adminis-
trator’ means the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development. 
‘‘(2) AGRICULTURE.—The term ‘agriculture’ 
means the science and practice of activities related 
to the production, processing, marketing, distribu-
tion, utilization, and trade of animal, fish, and plant 
produces and encompasses the study and practice of 
various fields related to the sciences, including envi-
ronmental and social sciences. 
‘‘(3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 
The term ‘institution of higher education’ means 
educational institutions providing post-secondary 
education and training. 
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