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‘‘(4) directly relate to the curriculum and aca-
demic areas in which the teachers provide instruction;
‘‘(5) enhance the ability of the teachers to under-
stand and use the challenging State academic content
standards for mathematics, science, and, to the extent
applicable, technology and engineering and to select
appropriate curricula;
‘‘(6) train teachers to use curricula that are—
‘‘(A) based on scientific research;
‘‘(B) aligned with challenging State aca-
demic content standards; and
‘‘(C) object-centered, experiment-oriented,
and concept- and content-based;
‘‘(7) provide professional development activities,
including supplemental and follow-up activities; and
‘‘(8) allow for the exchange of best practices
among the participants.
‘‘(d) PERMISSIBLE ACTIVITIES.—A program author-
ized under subsection (b) may include—
‘‘(1) a program that provides teachers with op-
portunities to work under the guidance of experienced
teachers and college faculty;
‘‘(2) instruction in the use and integration of
data and assessments to inform and instruct class-
room practice; and
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‘‘(3) extended master teacher programs.
‘‘(e) PRIORITY.—To the maximum extent practicable,
the Director shall ensure that each summer institute pro-
gram authorized under subsection (b) provides training
to—
‘‘(1) teachers from a wide range of school dis-
tricts;
‘‘(2) teachers from disadvantaged school districts;
and
‘‘(3) teachers from groups underrepresented in
the fields of mathematics, science, technology, and en-
gineering teaching, including women and members of
minority groups.
‘‘(f) COORDINATION AND CONSULTATION.—The Direc-
tor shall consult and coordinate with the Secretary of Edu-
cation and the Director of the National Science Foundation
regarding the implementation of the programs authorized
under subsection (b).
‘‘(g) EVALUATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY PLAN.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall develop
an evaluation and accountability plan for the activi-
ties funded under this section that measures the im-
pact of the activities.
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—The evaluation and account-
ability plan shall include—
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‘‘(A) measurable objectives to increase the
number of mathematics, science, and technology
teachers who participate in the summer insti-
tutes involved; and
‘‘(B) measurable objectives for improved stu-
dent academic achievement on State mathe-
matics, science, and to the extent applicable,
technology and engineering assessments.
‘‘(3) REPORT
TO
CONGRESS.—The Secretary
shall submit to Congress with the annual budget sub-
mission of the Secretary a report on how the activities
assisted under this section improve the mathematics,
science, technology, and engineering teaching skills of
participating teachers.
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
section—
‘‘(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
‘‘(2) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
‘‘(3) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
‘‘(4) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.
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‘‘CHAPTER 5—NUCLEAR SCIENCE
EDUCATION
‘‘SEC. 3191. NUCLEAR SCIENCE TALENT EXPANSION PRO-
GRAM FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDU-
CATION.
‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are—
‘‘(1) to address the decline in the number of and
resources available to nuclear science programs of in-
stitutions of higher education; and
‘‘(2) to increase the number of graduates with
degrees in nuclear science, an area of strategic impor-
tance to the economic competitiveness and energy se-
curity of the United States.
‘‘(b) DEFINITION OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘nuclear science’ includes—
‘‘(1) nuclear science;
‘‘(2) nuclear engineering;
‘‘(3) nuclear chemistry;
‘‘(4) radio chemistry; and
‘‘(5) health physics.
‘‘(c) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, acting through
the Director, shall establish in accordance with this section
a program to expand and enhance institution of higher edu-
cation nuclear science educational capabilities.
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‘‘(d) 
NUCLEAR
SCIENCE
PROGRAM
EXPANSION
GRANTS FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—
‘‘(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary, 
acting
through the Director, shall award up to 3 competitive
grants for each fiscal year to institutions of higher
education that establish new academic degree pro-
grams in nuclear science.
‘‘(2) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible for a grant
under this subsection, an applicant shall partner with
a National Laboratory or other eligible nuclear-re-
lated entity, as determined by the Secretary.
‘‘(3) CRITERIA.—Criteria for a grant awarded
under this subsection shall be based on—
‘‘(A) the potential to attract new students to
the program;
‘‘(B) academic rigor; and
‘‘(C) the ability to offer hands-on learning
opportunities.
‘‘(4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—
‘‘(A) DURATION.—A grant under this sub-
section shall be 5 years in duration.
‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—An institution of higher
education that receives a grant under this sub-
section shall be eligible for up to $1,000,000 for
each year of the grant period.
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‘‘(5) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of higher
education that receives a grant under this subsection
may use the grant to—
‘‘(A) recruit and retain new faculty;
‘‘(B) develop core and specialized course
content;
‘‘(C) encourage collaboration between fac-
ulty and researchers in the nuclear science field;
or
‘‘(D) support outreach efforts to recruit stu-
dents.
‘‘(e) NUCLEAR SCIENCE COMPETITIVENESS GRANTS
FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—
‘‘(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary, 
acting
through the Director shall award up to 10 competitive
grants for each fiscal year to institutions of higher
education with existing academic degree programs
that produce graduates in nuclear science.
‘‘(2) CRITERIA.—Criteria for a grant awarded
under this subsection shall be based on the potential
for increasing the number and academic quality of
graduates in the nuclear sciences who enter into ca-
reers in nuclear-related fields.
‘‘(3) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—
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‘‘(A) DURATION.—A grant under this sub-
section shall be 5 years in duration.
‘‘(B) AMOUNT.—An institution of higher
education that receives a grant under this sub-
section shall be eligible for up to $500,000 for
each year of the grant period.
‘‘(4) USE OF FUNDS.—An institution of higher
education that receives a grant under this subsection
may use the grant to—
‘‘(A) increase the number of graduates in
nuclear science that enter into careers in the nu-
clear science field;
‘‘(B) enhance the teaching of advanced nu-
clear technologies;
‘‘(C) aggressively pursue collaboration op-
portunities with industry and National Labora-
tories;
‘‘(D) bolster or sustain nuclear infrastruc-
ture and research facilities of the institution of
higher education, such as research and training
reactors or laboratories; and
‘‘(E) provide tuition assistance and sti-
pends to undergraduate and graduate students.
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
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‘‘(1) NUCLEAR
SCIENCE
PROGRAM
EXPANSION
GRANTS FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
subsection (d)—
‘‘(A) $9,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
‘‘(B) $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
‘‘(C) $18,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
‘‘(D) $22,500,000 for fiscal year 2011.
‘‘(2) 
NUCLEAR
SCIENCE
COMPETITIVENESS
GRANTS FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
subsection (e)—
‘‘(A) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
‘‘(B) $16,500,000 for fiscal year 2009;
‘‘(C) $22,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
‘‘(D) $27,500,000 for fiscal year 2011.
‘‘CHAPTER 6—ADMINISTRATION
‘‘SEC. 3195. MENTORING PROGRAM.
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the programs estab-
lished under chapters 1, 3, and 4, the Director shall estab-
lish a program to recruit and provide mentors for women
and underrepresented minorities who are interested in ca-
reers in mathematics, science, and engineering. The pro-
gram shall pair mentors with women and minorities who
are in programs of study at specialty schools for mathe-
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matics and science, Centers of Excellence, and summer in-
stitutes established under chapters 1, 3, and 4, respectively.
‘‘(b) PROGRAM EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall
annually—
‘‘(1) use metrics to evaluate the success of the
programs established under subsection (a); and
‘‘(2) submit to Congress a report that describes
the results of each evaluation.’’.
‘‘CHAPTER 7—NATIONAL ENERGY
EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
‘‘SEC. 3196. NATIONAL ENERGY EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT.
‘‘(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to en-
able all students to reach or exceed grade-level academic
achievement standards and to enhance the knowledge of the
students of the science of energy, the sources of energy, the
uses of energy in society, and the environmental con-
sequences and benefits of all energy sources and uses by—
‘‘(1) improving instruction in science related to
energy for students in kindergarten through grade 9
through the implementation of energy education pro-
grams and with the support of comprehensive science
education initiatives that are based on the best avail-
able evidence of effectiveness; and
‘‘(2) providing professional development and in-
structional leadership activities for teachers and, if
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appropriate, for administrators and other school staff,
on the implementation of comprehensive mathematics
initiatives designed—
‘‘(A) to improve the understanding of stu-
dents of the scientific, economic, and environ-
mental impacts of energy;
‘‘(B) to improve the knowledge of teachers,
administrators, and other school staff related to
the scientific content of energy;
‘‘(C) to increase the use of effective instruc-
tional practices; and
‘‘(D) to reflect science content that is con-
sistent with State academic achievement stand-
ards in mathematics described in section 1111(b)
of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)).
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—The Secretary (acting through the
Director) (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall
provide grants to States to assist the States in establishing
or expanding programs to enhance the quality of science
education in elementary schools with respect to conven-
tional and emerging energy sources and uses.
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall use and coordinate with existing State and
national programs that have a similar mission.
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‘‘(d) GRANTS.—The Secretary shall award grants, on
a competitive basis, under this section to States to pay the
Federal share of the costs of establishing or expanding high-
quality energy education curricula and programs.
‘‘(e) PROGRAMS.—In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall award grants to establish or expand pro-
grams that enhance—
‘‘(1) the quality of science education in elemen-
tary schools with respect to conventional and emerg-
ing energy sources and uses; and
‘‘(2) the understanding of students of the science,
economics, and environmental impacts of energy pro-
duction and consumption.
‘‘(f) FEDERAL AND NON-FEDERAL SHARES.—
‘‘(1) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the
costs of carrying out a program under this section
shall be 50 percent.
‘‘(2) NON-FEDERAL
SHARE.—The non-Federal
share of the costs of carrying out a program under
this section may be provided in the form of cash or
in-kind contributions, fairly evaluated, including
services.
‘‘(g) DISTRIBUTION.—In awarding grants under this
section, the Secretary shall—
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‘‘(1) ensure a wide, equitable distribution of
grants among States that propose to serve students
from urban and rural areas; and
‘‘(2) provide equal consideration to States with-
out National Laboratories.
‘‘(h) USES OF FUNDS.—
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2),
States, or other entities through States, that receive
grants under this section shall use the grant funds
to—
‘‘(A) employ proven strategies and methods
for improving student learning and teaching re-
garding energy;
‘‘(B) integrate into the curriculum of
schools comprehensive, science-based, energy edu-
cation, including instruction and assessments
that are aligned with—
‘‘(i) the academic content and student
academic achievement standards of the
State (within the meaning of section 1111
of the Elementary and Secondary Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311));
‘‘(ii) classroom management;
‘‘(iii) professional development;
‘‘(iv) parental involvement; and
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‘‘(v) school management; and
‘‘(C) provide high-quality and continuous
teacher and staff professional development.
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—Grant funds under this
section may be used for activities described in para-
graph (1) only if the activities are directly related to
improving student academic achievement related to—
‘‘(A) the science of energy;
‘‘(B) the sources of energy;
‘‘(C) the uses of energy in society; and
‘‘(D) the environmental consequences and
benefits of all energy sources and uses.
‘‘(i) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
‘‘(1) $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 and
2009; and
‘‘(2) $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 and
2011.’’.
SEC. 2004. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY EARLY-CAREER RE-
SEARCH GRANTS.
(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to au-
thorize research grants in the Department for early-career
scientists and engineers for purposes of pursuing inde-
pendent research.