IV 
116TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. CON. RES. 23 
Expressing the sense of Congress that any United States-Saudi Arabia civilian 
nuclear cooperation agreement must prohibit the Kingdom of Saudi Ara-
bia from enriching uranium or separating plutonium on its own territory, 
in keeping with the strongest possible nonproliferation ‘‘gold standard’’. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 28, 2019 
Mr. LEVIN of Michigan (for himself and Mr. AMASH) submitted the following 
concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 
Expressing the sense of Congress that any United States- 
Saudi Arabia civilian nuclear cooperation agreement 
must prohibit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from enrich-
ing uranium or separating plutonium on its own terri-
tory, in keeping with the strongest possible nonprolifera-
tion ‘‘gold standard’’. 
Whereas, on May 21, 2009, the United States and the United 
Arab Emirates signed a bilateral agreement pursuant to 
section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 
U.S.C. 2153), establishing cooperation on civilian nuclear 
programs in which the United Arab Emirates agreed that 
it ‘‘shall not possess sensitive nuclear facilities within its 
territory or otherwise engage in activities within its terri-
tory for, or relating to, the enrichment or reprocessing of 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
21:58 Feb 28, 2019
Jkt 089200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6300
E:\BILLS\HC23.IH
HC23
pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS
•HCON 23 IH 
material, or for the alternation in form or content (except 
by irradiation or further irradiation or, if agreed by the 
Parties, post-irradiation examination) of plutonium, ura-
nium 233, high enriched uranium, or irradiated source or 
special fissionable material’’; 
Whereas the civil nuclear cooperation agreement between the 
United States and the United Arab Emirates further ob-
ligates the United Arab Emirates to bring into force its 
Additional Protocol to its International Atomic Energy 
Agency (IAEA) Safeguards Agreement before the United 
States licenses ‘‘exports of nuclear material, equipment, 
components, or technology’’ pursuant to the agreement; 
and 
Whereas this agreement became known as the first ‘‘gold 
standard’’ civil nuclear agreement and was lauded as a 
step toward establishing a precedent for strong non-
proliferation standards on the Arabian Peninsula: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That it is the sense of Congress that any 
United States-Saudi Arabia civilian nuclear cooperation 
agreement under section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act 
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), commonly known as a ‘‘123 
Agreement’’, concluded in the future should prohibit the 
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from enriching uranium or sepa-
rating plutonium on Saudi Arabian territory in keeping 
with the strongest possible nonproliferation ‘‘gold stand-
ard’’, as well as require the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
21:58 Feb 28, 2019
Jkt 089200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\HC23.IH
HC23
pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS
•HCON 23 IH 
bring into force the Additional Protocol with the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
21:58 Feb 28, 2019
Jkt 089200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\HC23.IH
HC23
pamtmann on DSKBFK8HB2PROD with BILLS