I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1497 
To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases with 
3 separate national research institutes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 21, 2025 
Mr. ROY (for himself, Mr. GRIFFITH, Ms. HAGEMAN, Mr. CRANE, and Mr. 
BRECHEEN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To replace the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 
Diseases with 3 separate national research institutes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘NIH Reform Act’’. 
SEC. 2. DIVISION OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY 
AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 
(a) ORGANIZATION OF NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTI-
TUTES.—Section 401 of the Public Health Service Act (42 
U.S.C. 281) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
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(A) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘Allergy 
and Infectious Diseases’’ and inserting ‘‘Aller-
gic Diseases’’; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (25) as 
paragraph (27); and 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (24) the 
following: 
‘‘(25) The National Institute of Infectious Dis-
eases. 
‘‘(26) The National Institute of Immunologic 
Diseases.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (d)(1), by striking ‘‘27’’ and 
inserting ‘‘29’’. 
(b) APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 405(a)(1) of the 
Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)(1)) is 
amended— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘, the Director of the Na-
tional Institute of Allergic Diseases, the Direc-
tor of the National Institute of Infectious Dis-
eases, and the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Immunologic Diseases’’ after ‘‘National 
Cancer Institute’’; and 
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(B) by inserting ‘‘by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate,’’ after ‘‘the Presi-
dent,’’. 
(2) TERMS.—Section 405(a) of the Public 
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) CERTAIN APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESI-
DENT.—The appointments by the President of the 
Director of the National Institute of Allergic Dis-
eases, the Director of the National Institute of In-
fectious Diseases, and the Director of the National 
Institute of Immunologic Diseases shall be for terms 
of 5 years. Each such Director may be reappointed 
for not more than 1 additional term, in accordance 
paragraph (1).’’. 
(3) TRANSITION.—Effective on the date of en-
actment of this Act, the position of Director of the 
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 
is terminated, and the National Institute of Allergic 
Diseases, the National Institute of Infectious Dis-
eases, and the National Institute of Immunologic 
Diseases shall be overseen by the Director of the 
National Institutes of Health until such time as the 
directors of each such national institutes is ap-
pointed pursuant to section 405(a)(1) of the Public 
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Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284(a)(1)), as 
amended by paragraph (1). 
(c) DUTIES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES.— 
(1) NATIONAL
INSTITUTE
OF
ALLERGIC
DIS-
EASES.—Subpart 6 of part C of title IV of the Pub-
lic Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285f et seq.) is 
amended— 
(A) in the subpart heading, by striking 
‘‘Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ and 
inserting ‘‘Allergic Diseases’’; and 
(B) in section 446— 
(i) by striking ‘‘Allergy and Infectious 
Diseases’’ and inserting ‘‘Allergic Dis-
eases’’; and 
(ii) 
by 
striking 
‘‘allergic 
and 
immunologic diseases and disorders and in-
fectious diseases, including tropical dis-
eases’’ and inserting ‘‘allergic diseases and 
disorders’’. 
(2) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DIS-
EASES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Part C of title IV of 
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
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‘‘Subpart 21—National Institute of Infectious 
Diseases 
‘‘SEC. 464z–10. PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTE. 
‘‘The general purpose of the National Institute of In-
fectious Diseases is the conduct and support of research, 
training, health information dissemination, and other pro-
grams with respect to infectious diseases, including trop-
ical diseases.’’. 
(B) TRANSFER
OF
AUTHORITIES.—Sec-
tions 447A and 447B of the Public Health 
Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285f–2; 285f–3) are— 
(i) redesignated as sections 464z–11 
and 464–12, respectively; and 
(ii) transferred to appear after section 
464z–10 of such Act, as added by subpara-
graph (A). 
(C) ORDERLY TRANSITION.—The Director 
of the National Institutes of Health shall take 
such steps as are necessary to provide for the 
orderly transition to the authority of the Na-
tional Institute of Infectious Diseases estab-
lished under section 464z–10 of the Public 
Health Service Act, as added by subparagraph 
(A), from any authority related to infectious 
diseases of the National Institute of Allergy and 
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Infectious Diseases, as in effect on the day be-
fore the date of enactment of this Act. 
(3) NATIONAL
INSTITUTE
OF
IMMUNOLOGIC 
DISEASES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Part C of title IV of 
the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285 
et seq.), as amended by paragraph (2), is fur-
ther amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘Subpart 22—National Institute of Immunologic 
Diseases 
‘‘SEC. 464z–15. PURPOSE OF THE INSTITUTE. 
‘‘The general purpose of the National Institute of 
Immunologic Diseases is the conduct and support of re-
search, training, health information dissemination, and 
other programs with respect to immunologic diseases and 
disorders.’’. 
(B) TRANSFER
OF
AUTHORITIES.—Sec-
tions 447 and 447C of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act (42 U.S.C. 285f–1; 285f–4) are— 
(i) redesignated as sections 464z–16 
and 464z–17, respectively; and 
(ii) transferred to appear after section 
464z–15 of such Act, as added by subpara-
graph (A). 
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(C) ORDERLY TRANSITION.—The Director 
of the National Institutes of Health shall take 
such steps as are necessary to provide for the 
orderly transition to the authority of the Na-
tional Institute of Immunologic Diseases estab-
lished under section 464z–15 of the Public 
Health Service Act, as added by subparagraph 
(A), from any authority related to immunologic 
diseases and disorders of the National Institute 
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as in effect 
on the day before the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) Section 404B of the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 283d) is amended by striking ‘‘Na-
tional Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ 
and inserting ‘‘National Institute of Infectious Dis-
eases’’. 
(2) Section 404I of the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 283k) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘or 
the Director of the National Institute of Allergy 
and Infectious Diseases’’; and 
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(B by striking ‘‘or the National Institute 
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ each place 
it appears. 
(3) Section 442A(a) of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act (42 U.S.C. 285d–8(a)) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘Allergy and Infectious Diseases’’ and inserting 
‘‘Immunologic Diseases’’. 
(4) Any reference in any law (including a regu-
lation), guidance, map, document, record, or other 
paper of the United States to the National Institute 
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, including with re-
spect to the Director of such Institute, shall be 
deemed to be a reference to, as applicable, the Na-
tional Institute of Allergic Diseases, the National In-
stitute of Infectious Diseases, or the National Insti-
tute of Immunologic Diseases, including with respect 
to the Directors of such Institutes. 
Æ 
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