399 
(4) develop, with the approval of the Secretary and in coordination 
with the Attorney General, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of De-
fense, and the Secretary of Energy, an enhanced global nuclear detec-
tion architecture with implementation under which— 
(A) the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office will be responsible 
for the implementation of the domestic portion of the global archi-
tecture; 
(B) the Secretary of Defense will retain responsibility for imple-
mentation of Department of Defense requirements within and out-
side the United States; and 
(C) the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the 
Secretary of Energy will maintain their respective responsibilities 
for policy guidance and implementation of the portion of the global 
architecture outside the United States, which will be implemented 
consistent with applicable law and relevant international arrange-
ments; 
(5) ensure that the expertise necessary to accurately interpret detec-
tion data is made available in a timely manner for all technology de-
ployed by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office to implement the 
global nuclear detection architecture; 
(6) conduct, support, coordinate, and encourage an aggressive, expe-
dited, evolutionary, and transformational program of research and de-
velopment to generate and improve technologies to detect and prevent 
the illicit entry, transport, assembly, or potential use within the United 
States of a nuclear explosive device or fissile or radiological material, 
and coordinate with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology 
on basic and advanced or transformational research and development 
efforts relevant to the mission of both organizations; 
(7) carry out a program to test and evaluate technology for detecting 
a nuclear explosive device and fissile or radiological material, in coordi-
nation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, as 
appropriate, and establish performance metrics for evaluating the effec-
tiveness of individual detectors and detection systems in detecting such 
devices or material— 
(A) under realistic operational and environmental conditions; 
and 
(B) against realistic adversary tactics and countermeasures; 
(8) support and enhance the effective sharing and use of appropriate 
information generated by the intelligence community, law enforcement 
agencies, counterterrorism community, other government agencies, and 
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foreign governments, as well as provide appropriate information to the 
entities; 
(9) further enhance and maintain continuous awareness by analyzing 
information from all Domestic Nuclear Detection Office mission-related 
detection systems; 
(10) lead the development and implementation of the national stra-
tegic five-year plan for improving the nuclear forensic and attribution 
capabilities of the United States required under section 1036 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 
111–84, 123 Stat. 2450); 
(11) establish in the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office the National 
Technical Nuclear Forensics Center to provide centralized stewardship, 
planning, assessment, gap analysis, exercises, improvement, and inte-
gration for all Federal nuclear forensics and attribution activities— 
(A) to ensure an enduring national technical nuclear forensics 
capability to strengthen the collective response of the United 
States to nuclear terrorism or other nuclear attacks; and 
(B) to coordinate and implement the national strategic five-year 
plan referred to in paragraph (10); 
(12) establish a National Nuclear Forensics Expertise Development 
Program, which— 
(A) is devoted to developing and maintaining a vibrant and en-
during academic pathway from undergraduate to post-doctorate 
study in nuclear and geochemical science specialties directly rel-
evant to technical nuclear forensics, including radiochemistry, geo-
chemistry, nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, materials science, 
and analytical chemistry; 
(B) shall— 
(i) make available for undergraduate study, student schol-
arships, with a duration of up to 4 years per student, that 
shall include, if possible, at least one summer internship at 
a national laboratory or appropriate Federal agency in the 
field of technical nuclear forensics during the course of the 
student’s undergraduate career; 
(ii) make available for doctoral study, student fellowships, 
with a duration of up to 5 years per student, which shall— 
(I) include, if possible, at least two summer intern-
ships at a national laboratory or appropriate Federal 
agency in the field of technical nuclear forensics during 
the course of the student’s graduate career; and 
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(II) require each recipient to commit to serve for 2 
years in a post-doctoral position in a technical nuclear 
forensics-related specialty at a national laboratory or ap-
propriate Federal agency after graduation; 
(iii) make available to faculty, awards, with a duration of 
3 to 5 years each, to ensure faculty and their graduate stu-
dents have a sustained funding stream; and 
(iv) place a particular emphasis on reinvigorating technical 
nuclear forensics programs while encouraging the participa-
tion of undergraduate students, graduate students, and uni-
versity faculty from historically Black colleges and univer-
sities, Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges and Uni-
versities, Asian American and Native American Pacific Is-
lander-serving institutions, Alaska Native-serving institutions, 
and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions; and 
(C) shall— 
(i) provide for the selection of individuals to receive schol-
arships or fellowships under this section through a competi-
tive process primarily on the basis of academic merit and the 
nuclear forensics and attribution needs of the United States 
Government; 
(ii) provide for the setting aside of up to 10 percent of the 
scholarships or fellowships awarded under this section for in-
dividuals who are Federal employees to enhance the education 
of the employees in areas of critical nuclear forensics and at-
tribution needs of the United States Government, for doctoral 
education under the scholarship on a full-time or part-time 
basis; 
(iii) provide that the Secretary may enter into a contrac-
tual agreement with an institution of higher education under 
which the amounts provided for a scholarship under this sec-
tion for tuition, fees, and other authorized expenses are paid 
directly to the institution with respect to which the scholar-
ship is awarded; 
(iv) require scholarship recipients to maintain satisfactory 
academic progress; and 
(v) require that— 
(I) a scholarship recipient who fails to maintain a high 
level of academic standing, as defined by the Secretary, 
who is dismissed for disciplinary reasons from the edu-
cational institution the recipient is attending, or who vol-
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untarily terminates academic training before graduation 
from the educational program for which the scholarship 
was awarded is liable to the United States for repayment 
within 1 year after the date of default of all scholarship 
funds paid to the recipient and to the institution of high-
er education on the behalf of the recipient, provided that 
the repayment period may be extended by the Secretary 
if the Secretary determines it necessary, as established 
by regulation; and 
(II) a scholarship recipient who, for any reason except 
death or disability, fails to begin or complete the post- 
doctoral service requirements in a technical nuclear 
forensics-related specialty at a national laboratory or ap-
propriate Federal agency after completion of academic 
training is liable to the United States for an amount 
equal to— 
(aa) the total amount of the scholarship received 
by the recipient under this section; and 
(bb) the interest on the amounts which would be 
payable if at the time the scholarship was received 
the scholarship was a loan bearing interest at the 
maximum legally prevailing rate; 
(13) provide an annual report to Congress on the activities carried 
out under paragraphs (10), (11), and (12); and 
(14) perform other duties assigned by the Secretary. 
§ 12302. Technology research and development investment 
strategy for nuclear and radiological detection 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary 
of Defense, and the Director of National Intelligence shall submit to Con-
gress a research and development investment strategy for nuclear and radio-
logical detection. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The strategy under subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) a long term technology roadmap for nuclear and radiological de-
tection applicable to the mission needs of the Department, the Depart-
ment of Energy, the Department of Defense, and the Office of the Di-
rector of National Intelligence; 
(2) budget requirements necessary to meet the roadmap; and 
(3) documentation of how the Department, the Department of En-
ergy, the Department of Defense, and the Office of the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence will execute this strategy. 
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