other relevant molecules in subsurface environ-
ments; 
‘‘(C) understand, observe, and model the cy-
cling of water, carbon, and nutrients in terres-
trial systems and at scales relevant to resources 
management; 
‘‘(D) understand the biological, biogeo-
chemical, and physical processes across the mul-
tiple scales that control the flux of environ-
mentally relevant compounds between the terres-
trial surface and the atmosphere; and 
‘‘(E) inform potential natural mitigation 
and adaptation options for increased concentra-
tions of greenhouse gas emissions and any associ-
ated changes in climate. 
‘‘(2) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram authorized under paragraph (1), the Director 
shall prioritize— 
‘‘(A) the development of software and algo-
rithms to enable the productive application of 
environmental systems and extreme weather in 
climate and Earth system prediction models in 
high-performance computing systems; and 
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‘‘(B) capabilities that support the Depart-
ment’s mission needs for energy and infrastruc-
ture security, resilience, and reliability. 
‘‘(3) ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS
SCIENCE
RE-
SEARCH.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities 
described in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
carry out research to advance an integrated, ro-
bust, and scale-aware predictive understanding 
of environmental systems, including the role of 
hydrobiogeochemistry, from the subsurface to the 
top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects 
of seasonal to interannual variability and 
change. 
‘‘(B) CLEAN WATER AND WATERSHED RE-
SEARCH.—As part of the activities described in 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall— 
‘‘(i) support interdisciplinary research 
to significantly advance our understanding 
of water availability, quality, and the im-
pact of human activity and a changing cli-
mate on urban and rural watershed sys-
tems, including in freshwater environments; 
‘‘(ii) consult with the Interagency Re-
search, Development, and Demonstration 
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Coordination Committee on the Nexus of 
Energy and Water for Sustainability estab-
lished under section 1010 of the Energy Act 
of 2020 (division Z of the Consolidated Ap-
propriations Act, 2021) on energy-water 
nexus research activities; and 
‘‘(iii) engage with representatives of re-
search and academic institutions, nonprofit 
organizations, State, local, and tribal gov-
ernments, and industry, who have expertise 
in technologies, technological innovations, 
or practices relating to the energy-water 
nexus, as applicable. 
‘‘(C) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(i) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall 
carry out activities under this paragraph in 
accordance with priorities established by the 
Secretary to support and accelerate the de-
contamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department. 
‘‘(ii) SECRETARY.—The Secretary shall 
ensure the coordination of activities of the 
Department, including activities under this 
paragraph, to support and accelerate the de-
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contamination of relevant facilities man-
aged by the Department. 
‘‘(4) CLIMATE AND EARTH MODELING.—As part 
of the activities described in paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor, in collaboration with the Advanced Scientific 
Computing Research program described in section 
304 and other programs carried out by the Depart-
ment, as applicable, and in consultation with the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
other relevant agencies, shall carry out research to de-
velop, evaluate, and use high-resolution regional cli-
mate, global climate, Earth system, and other relevant 
models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse gas 
emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing 
global climate. Such modeling shall include— 
‘‘(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
multisectoral 
interactions, 
including 
socio-
economic factors as appropriate, which may in-
clude the impacts of climate policies on social 
and regional equity and well-being, and the 
interdependencies and risks at the energy-water- 
land nexus; 
‘‘(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, 
energy supply and demand, and other critical 
elements; and 
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‘‘(C) interaction among human and Earth 
systems informed by interdisciplinary research, 
including the economic and social sciences. 
‘‘(5) MID-SCALE FUNDING MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any of the activities 
authorized in this subsection may be carried out 
by competitively selected mid-scale, multi-insti-
tutional research centers in lieu of individual re-
search grants, or large-scale experiments or user 
facilities. 
‘‘(B) CONSIDERATION.—The Biological and 
Environmental Research Advisory Committee 
shall provide recommendations to the Director on 
projects most suitable for the research centers de-
scribed in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(h) BIOLOGICAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 
USER FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program for the development, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of user facilities to enhance 
the collection and analysis of observational data re-
lated to complex biological, climate, and environ-
mental systems. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the user facilities developed, 
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