1950 Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, there is much more at stake here than so-called aid to Korea. Korea is only a small part of the Pa- cific, and therefore only a small part of our Pacific policy, if, indeed, we have a Pacific policy. As of today, our Pacific policy, if it deserves to be called a policy, ranges from total occupation, as in Ja- pan, to total abandonment, as in For- mosa. Within that range, we have half-oc- cupation, as in Korea. To make a sensible approach to the Korean question, I say we must consider Korea in relation to whatever the policy is in the rest of the Pacific—and the rest of the world—because our set-up in Eu- rope is no more consistent than in Asia, with the “policy” ranging from support of a dictator, Tito, to a cold war against a dictator, Stalin. Those who negotiate abroad have re- peatedly sidestepped this Congress. Now they want money. I say now is the time to ask them some questions and demand the answers before appropriating another dime. What is our policy in Asia? What is our policy in Europe? What is our foreign policy? What will happen to the money ex- pended in Korea? Is it proposed to eventually abandon Korea, or is it pro- posed that we continue to half support it, and if so, how is it proposed that we protect the half that we occupy? Is it protectable? China is gone. We have practically given up Formosa. Will we provide funds for Korea only to read in the newspapers, any day, that we have likewise abandoned Korea? Are plans already prepared to abandon Japan, the Philippines, and all the rest? In the event of emergency, who can we count on in Asia? What is the situation in Indochina? Can we expect a quick sell-out there when the chips are down? To what extent is Britain prepared to back up the claim that Hong Kong will be defended? Would Hong Kong last any longer against the Reds than it did against Japan in World War II? Is there any reason to believe the Chinese Nationalists can or will defend Formosa any better than they did the rest of China? What correlation is there, if any, between the Department of State and the Department of Defense? It has been suggested that we call in Secretaries Johnson and Acheson to get the facts. I say we should add to the list General MacArthur and other military men be- ing sidestepped in Asia. Do they approve of the decimation of our Navy and Air Force? Why are competent Reserve of- ficers, with years of training at the tax- payers’ expense, being discharged? Is it because of Johnson’s whims or is it be- cause of a lack of funds? If it is a lack of funds, perhaps we should transfer to the defense of the United States some of the billions of dollars being shoveled out all over the world. Before we vote another dime let us find out what is going on. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- nizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Futon]. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. KEATING. Mr, Chairman, will the gentleman yield to straighten out this financial situation as to whether any part of the $60,000,000 already ap- propriated is still available for this pro- gram, and without this bill? Mr. FULTON. The money that has been appropriated, of course, is already in the supply pipe lines. The Economic Cooperation Administration says that the $60,000,000 now requested in the bill is necessary to keep the recovery pro- gram for Korea moving at the same tempo for the remainder of the fiscal year 1950. Mr. JUDD. If the gentleman will yield, may I say that without the passage of this legislation, they will have on February 15 less than $200,000 left. Mr. KEATING. For Korea? Mr. JUDD. For Korea, less than $200,- 000. Mr. KEATING. this record? Mr. JUDD. It was given to the com- mittee, and I think it is in the new com- mittee report. The program finishes on February 15 if this bill is not passed. Mr, KEATING. I do not find it in the record. Mr. FULTON. This appears in the committee report on page 15: According to information given to the committee by the Economic Cooperation Ad- ministration, the situation concerning ab- sorption of aid material is satisfactory. They report that approximately 92 percent of landed goods has been distributed, Judging by the ratio of billings to deposits in the counterpart fund. Is that evidence in So you can see it has almost all been used up. Let me go further. It is necessary that we aid South Korea because it has been called the showcase of democracy on the mainland of Asia. It is also necessary that we have a government friendly to us on the island of Formosa. I am sorry my time has expired, as this is an im- portant question. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- nizes the gentleman from Montana [ Mr, MANSFIELD]. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, the nicest thing about this debate is that it is drawing to a close. I think the issue is pretty clear. I think we all know what we are going to do. Certainly many of us have been in the well of this Chamber trying to ex- plain why we are going to vote for or against this bill. We ought to be satis- filed that the time is at hand when we can stand up and be counted. I call to the attention of the Members that it is a fact that an American ad- ministration in the early days of the present century was responsible in large part for selling Korea down the river to Japan. An American administration now is trying to do something about Korea through the creation of a South Korean state. We have made a commit- ment. It does not have to be written down. We created this state. We have a pledge to keep, and I hope on this floor today we will show that we mean what we say by giving an overwhelming vote in favor of this measure. 1747 The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- nizes the gentleman from Minnesota (Mr. Jupp]. Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, I would favor the program for Korea in this bill even if that were the only issue involved. I do not believe the picture is quite as discouraging as it may appear to many Americans when they first go over there. People in Asia are accustomed to living on a very low scale and conditions usually are not as hopeless as they look. As evi- dence of that, the Secretary of State told us last June that if this bill was not promptly passed Korea certainly would be gone in 2 or 3 months. Well, Mr. Chairman, the bill was not passed, more than 7 months have elapsed, with only piecemeal aid, and the internal situation in South Korea is stronger today than it was then. So much more can be done for less by people in these countries if given hope and some moral support. That is the thing these people in Asia have needed since the war quite as much as they needed goods. They could not recover without some material support, that is true, but goods will not do the job if there is not also some evidence of con- fidence in them. There is a larger issue than Korea and Formosa. All of free Asia is involved. The 450,000,000 people of China on the mainland are already behind the jron curtain. They are going to stay there for as long as we can foresee, But there are 800,000,000 people in Asia who are not behind the iron curtain. They constitute one-third of all the people in the world. They want to stay free. If the Unitec States were to refuse to give this assistance, which is minimal con- sidering the stakes involved, to the people resisting communism in Korea and Formosa, then I ask you what can the other 800,000,000 people of east Asia expect to do except get ready to make a pilgrimage to Moscow. If that happens and Asia is gone, then the ten or twelve or fifteen billion dollars put into European recovery will go down the drain too, because they cannot recover in western Europe without the raw ma- terials and markets of Asia. Passage of this bill will give hope and concrete aid to the people of the two areas that are directly affected. But, vastly more 1m- portant, it will give hope to all of the human beings in Asia who still have a good chance to stay on the side of free- dom. Are we doing so well in the cold war against Communist cnslavement that we can just wave aside 800,000,000 friends and potential allies as of no con- sequence? They have the greatest unde- veloped resources remaining in the world today. It seems to me that having put in some $400,000,000,000 to win the last war, it is not too much to spend the relatively few millions in this bill to help keep it won, instead of letting the victory slip through our fingers out of what I believe is a false sense of economy. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- nizes the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. KEE]. Mr. KEE. Mr. Chairman, I want to express the same degrec of pleasure felt
1748 by the preceding gentleman that this debate is coming to a close. I shall not use the time remaining to me, except to thank all of my colleagues on the com- mittee and my good friends here regard- less of their political affiliations, for their fine support and cooperation. I want to thank all of those who have given their support, as well as those who have with- held it, and to express the hope that all of you may stand by our side and do what is necessary to maintain our position in the family of nations, to uphold the prestige of the United States, to keep our commitment to the people of Korea, and to keep faith with all the other nations in the world. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the committee substitute. The substitute amendment was agreed t 0. The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the Committee rises. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having resumed the chair, Mr. Bonner, Chairman of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that that Committee, having had under consideration the bill (8. 2819) to promote world peace and the general welfare, national interest, and foreign policy of the United States by providing aid to the Republic of Korea, and pursuant to House Resolution 458, he reported the bill back to the House with an amendment adopted by the Com- mittee of the Whole. The SPEAKER. Under the rule, the previous question is ordered. The question is on agreeing to the committee amendment. The committee amendment was agreed The SPEAKER. The question is on the third reading of the Senate bill. The bill was ordered to be read a third time and was read the third time. The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak- er, I off-r a motion to recommit. The SPEAKER. Is the gentleman op- posed to the bill? Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Speaker. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the motion. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. MrtuErR of Nebraska moves to recommit the bill to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, with instructions to report the same forth- with with the following amendment: On page 5, lines 17 and 22, strike out “860,000,- 000” in line 17 and insert 820,000,000"; in line 22, strike out “830,000,000” and insert “810,000,000.” Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the motion to re- commit. The previous question was ordered. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion offered by the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. MILLER]. The question was taken; and on a di- vision (demanded by Mr. MILLER of Ne- braska) there were—ayes, 33, noes 90. Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Speak- er, I object to the vote on the ground that a quorum is not present, and I make the point of order that a quorum is not present. I am, Mr, The SPEAKER. The count. (After counting.) there is no quorum present. The roll call is automatic. The Doorkeeper will close the doors, the Sergeant-at-Arms will notify absent Members, and the Clerk will call the roll. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 137, nays 239, answered Chair will Evidently “present” 1, not voting 54, as follows: [Roll No. 41] YEAS—187 Abernethy Halleck Phillips, Tenn. Allen, Til. Hand Pickett Allen, La. Harden Plumley Andersen, Harrison Powell H. Carl Harvey Rankin Andereon, Calif. Hébert Reed, N. Y. Andresen, Hill Regan August H. Hoeven Rich Andrews Hoffman, Tl. Rivers Barden Hoffman, Mich Sadlak Beall Hope Scott, Hardie Bennett, Fla. Hull Scott, Bennett, Mich. Jackson, Calif. Hugh D., Jr. Bishop James Scrivner Blackney Jenison Scudder Bramblett Jenkins Secrest Brehm Jensen Shafer Brown, Ohio Jonas Sikes Bryson Kean Simpson, Tl Byrnes, Wis. Keating Simpson, Pa. Carlyle Keefe Smith, Kens. Case, 8. Dak. Kunkel Smith, Va Chiperfield Larcade Smith, Wis. Church LeCompte Stanley Clevenger LeFevre Stefan Cole, Kans. Lovre Stockman Colmer Lucas Sutton Crawford McConnell Taber Curtis McCulloch Tackett e McMillen, Ill  Talle Davies, N. Y Mack, Wash. Tauriello Davis, Ga. Marcantonio Taylor Davis, Wis. Martin, Iowa Thomas D’Ewart Mason Towe Dondero Meyer Velde Doughton Michener Vureell Ellsworth Miller, Md. Weichel Elston Miller, Nebr. Wheeler Engel, Mich. Morris White, Calif. Fenton Murray, Wis. Whitten Ford Nelson Willis Gavin Nicholson Wilson, Tex. Gillette Norblad Winstead Goodwin O’Hara, Minn. Withrow Gross O’Konski Wolcott Hall, Passman Wood Edwin Arthur Phillipe, Calif. Woodruff NAYS—239 Abbitt Chelf Forand Addonizio Chesney Prazier Albert Christopher Pugate Angell Chudoff Fulton Aspinall Clemente Furcolo Auchincloss Cole, N. Y. Gamble Bailey Combs Garmatz Baring Cooley Gary Barrett, Pa. Cooper Gathings Battle Corbett Gordon Beckworth Cotton Gore Bentsen Cox Gorski Biemiller Crook Gossett Blatnik Crosser Granahan Boggs, Del. Cunningham Grant Boggs, La. Davenport Green Bolling Davis, Tenn. Hagen Bolton, Md. Dawson Hale Bonner Deane Hardy Bosone DeGraffenried Hare Breen Delaney Harris Brooks Denton Hart Buchanan Dingell Havenner Buckley, Ill. Dollinger Hays, Ark. Buckley, N.Y. Donohue Hays, Ohio Burdick Douglas Hedrick Burke Doyle Heffernan Burleson Durham Heller Burnside Eaton Herlong Burton Eberharter Herter Byrne, N. Y. Eliott Heselton Canfield Engle, Calif. Hinshaw Cannon Evins Hobbs Carnahan Fallon Holifield Carroll Feighan Holmes Case, N. J. Fernandes Horan Cavalcante Fisher Howell Celler Flood Huber Chatham Fogarty Irving CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE FEBRUARY 9 Jackson, Wash. Mansfield Rains Jacobs Marsalis Ramsay Javits Marshall Redden Johnson Martin, Mass. Rhodes Jones, Ala. Merrow Ribicoff Jones, Mo. les Richards Jones, N. O. Miller, Calif. RiehIman Judd {lis Rodino Karst Mitchell Rogers, Fia. Karsten Morgan Rogers, Mass Kee Morrison Rooney Kelley, Pa. Morton Roosevelt Kelly, N. Y. Moulder Yr Kennedy Multer Shelley Keogh Murdock Sheppard Kerr Murpby Sims Kilburn Murray, Tenn. Spence Kilday Noland Bteed King Norrell Stigier Klein Norton Sullivan Kruse O'Brien, Ml. Thompson Lane O'Brien, Mich. Thornberry Lanham O’Bara, Ill. Tollefson Latham ONein Trimble Lemke O’sullivan Underwood Lesinski O'Toole Vinson Lind Pace ‘Wagner Linehan Patten Walsh Lodge Perkins Walter Lyle Peterson Welch Lynch Pfeifer, Whitaker McCarthy Joseph L. Whittington McCormack Philbin Wickersham McGrath Poage Wier McGuire Polk Wigglesworth McKinnon Poulson Wilson, Okla. McSweeney Preston Wolverton Mack, Ill. Price Worley Madden Priest Yates Magee Quinn Young Mabon Rabaut Zablocki ANSWERED “PRESENT’—1 Jennings NOT VOTING— Allen, Calif. Hall, Sabath Arends Leonard W. Sadowski Barrett, Wyo Kearney 8t. George Bates Kearns Sanborn Bland Kirwan Baylor Bolton, Ohio Lichtenwalter Short Boykin McDonough Smathers Brown, Ga. McGregor Smith, Ohio Bulwinkle McMillan, 8.0. Staggers Camp “Macy Teague Coudert Monroney Van Zandt Dolliver Nixon Vorys Fellows Patman Wadsworth Gilmer Patterson Werdel Golden Pfeiffer, White, Idaho Graham William L. Williams Granger Potter Wilson, Ind. Gregory Reed, Tl. Woodhouse Gwinn Rees So the motion to recommit was re- jected. The Clerk announced the following pairs: On this vote: Mr. Williams for, with Mr. Gilmer against. Mr. Sadowski for, with Mr. Brown of Geor- gia against. Mr. White of Idaho for, with Mr. Bates against. Mr. Reed of Illinois for, with Mr. Sabath against. Mr. McGregor for, with Mr. Kirwan against. Mr. Arends for, with Mr. McDonough against. Mr, Jennings for, with Mr. Vorys against. Mr. Kearns for, with Mr. Nixon against. Mr. Short for, with Mr. Sanborn against. Mr. Graham for, with Mr. Allen of Cali- fornia against. Mr. Smith of Ohio for, with Mrs. Bolton of Ohio against. Mr. Rees for, with Mrs. Woodhouse against, Mr. Lichtenwalter for, with Mr. William L, Pfeiffer against. Mr. Golden for, with Mr. Leonard W. Hall against. Mr. Van Zandt for, against. Mr. Potter for, with Mr. Gwinn against, Mr. Macy for, with Mr. Steggers against, with Mr. Coudert
1950 Until further notice: Mr. Monroney with Mrs. St. George. Mr. Teague with Mr. Wilson of Indiana. Mr. Patman with Mr. Kearney. Mr. Granger with Mr. Fellows. Mr. Boykin with Mr. Patterson. Mr. Bulwinkle with Mr. Wadsworth. Mr. Gregory with Mr. Werdel. Mr. McMillan of Eouth Carolina with Mr. Dolliver. ne Smathers with Mr. Barrett of Wyom- g. Mr. Camp with Mr. Saylor. Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Speaker, I have @ pair with the gentleman from Ohio, Mr. Vorys, who, if present, would have voted “nay.” I voted “yea.” I therefore withdraw my vote and answer “present.” The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. The doors were opened. The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- er, on that I demand the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. The question was taken; and there were—yeas 240, nays 134, answered “present” 0, not voting 57, as follows: [Roll No. 42] YEAS—240 Abbitt Dingell Jones, Ala. Addonizie Dollinger Jones, N.C. Albert Donohue Judd Angell Douglas Karst Aspinall Doyle Karsten Auchincloss Durham Kee Bailey Eaton Kelly, N Y. Baring Fberharter Kennedy Barrett, Pa Elliott Keogh Battle Engel, Mich. Kerr Beall Engle, Calif. Kilburn Beckworth Evins Kilday Biemiller Fallon King Blatnik Feighan Klein Boggs, Del. Fernandez Kruse Boggs, La. Flood Lane Bolling Fogarty Lanham Bolton, Md. Forand Latham Bonner Ford Lemke Bosone Frazier Lesinski Boykin Fugate Lind Breen Fulton Linehan Brooks Furcolo Lodge Buchanan Gamble Lyle Buckley, Ill Garmatz Lynch Buckley, N.Y. Gary McCarthy Burdick Gathings McCormack Burke Gordon McGrath Burleson Gore McGuire Burnside Gorski McKinnon Burton Gossett McSweeney Byrne, N. Y. Granahan Mack, Ill. Canfield Grant Madden Cannon Green Mahon Carnahan Gregory Mansfield Carroll Hagen Marsalis Case,N J Hale Marshall Case, S Dak. Hall, Martin, Mass Cavalcante Edwin Arthur Merrow Celler Hardy Michener Chatham Hare Miles Chelf Harris Miller, Calif, Chesney Hart Miller, Md. Christopher Havenner Mills Chudoff Hays, Ark Mitchell Clemente Hedrick Morgan Cole, N. ¥. Heffernan Morrison Comba Heller Morton Cooley Herlong Moulder Cooper Herter Multer Corbett Heselton Murdock Cotton Hinshaw Murphy Cox Hobbs Murray, Tenn. Crook Holifield Noland Crosser Holmes Norrell Davenport Horan Norton Davis, Tenn. Howell O’Brien, Il Dawson Huber O'Brien, Mich Deane Irving O'Hara, Ill. DeGraffenried Jackson, Wash. O'Neill Delaney Javita o’sullivan Denton Johnson O'Toole CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Pace Riehlman Tollefson Patten Rodino Trimble Perkins Rogers, Fla. Underwood Peterson Rogers, Mass. Vinson Pfeifer, Rooney Wagner Joseph L. Roosevelt Walsh Philbin Sasscer Walter Polk Scudder Whitaker Preston Shelley Whittington Price Sheppard Wickersham Priest Sikes Wier Quinn Sims Wigglesworth Rabaut Spence Wilson, Okla. Rains Steed Wolverton Ramsay Stigler Worley Redden Sullivan Yates Rhodes Teague Young Ribicoff Thompson Zablocki Richards Thornberry NAYS—134 Abernethy Harden Pickett Allen, I11. Harrison Plumley Andersen, Harvey Poage H. Carl Hays, Ohio Powell Anderson, Calif. Hébert Rankin Andresen, Hoeven Reed, N Y. August H. Hoffman, Ill. Regan Andrews Hoffman, Mich. Rich Barden Hope Rivers Bennett, Fla. Hull Sadlak Bennett, Mich Jackson, Calif. Scott, Hardie Bentsen Jacobs Scott, Bishop James Hugh D., Jr. Blackney Jenison Scrivner Bramblett Jenkins Secrest Brehm Jensen Shafer Brown, Ohio Jonas Simpson, I. Bryson Jones, Mo Simpson, Pa. Byrnes, Wis. Kean Smith, Kans. Carlyle Keating Smith, Wis. Chiperfield Keefe Stanley Church Kunkel Stefan Clevenger Larcade Stockman Cole, Kaus. LeCompte Sutton Colmer LeFevre Taber Crawford Lovre Tackett Cunningham Lucas Talle Curtis McConnell Tauriello Dague McCulloch Taylor Davies, N Y McMillen, 1. Thomas Davis, Ga Mack, Wash. Towe Davis, Wis. Magee Velde D'Ewart Marcantonio Vursell Dondero Martin, Iowa Weichel Doughton Mason Welch Ellsworth Meyer Wheeler Elston Miller, Nebr. White, Calif. Fellows Morris Whitten Fenton Murray, Wis Willis Fisher Nelson Wilson, Tex. Gavin Nicholson Winstead Gillette Norblad Withrow Goodwin O’Hara, Minn. Wolcott Gross O’Konski Wood Halleck Passman Woodruff Hand Phillips, Tenn. NOT VOTING—57 Alien, Calif. JenLings Rees Allen, La. Kearney Sabath Arends Kearns Sadowski Barrett, Wyo. Kelley, Pa St George Bates Kirwan Sanborn Bland Lichtenwalter Saylor Bolton, Ohio McDonough Short Brown, Ga. McGregor Smathers Bulwinkle McMillan, 8 C. Smith, Ohio Camp Macy Smith, Va. Coudert Monroney Staggers Dolliver Nixon Van Zandt Gilmer Patman Vorys Golden Patterson Wadsworth Graham Pfeiffer, Werdel Granger William L. White, Idaho Gwinn Phillips, Calif. Williams Hall, Potter Wilson, Ind. Leonard W. Poulson Woodhouse 1) Reed, Ill. So the bill was passed. The Clerk announced the following pairs: On this vote: Mr. McDonough for, against. Mr. Gilmer for, with Mr. Williams against. Mr. Brown of Georgia for, with Mr. Sadow- eki against. Mr. Bates for, with Mr. White of Idaho against. with Mr. Arends 1749 Mr. Sabath for, with Mr. Reed of Illinois against. Mr. Kirwan for, with Mr, McGregor against. Mr. Vorys tor, with Mr. Jennings against. Mr. Nixon for, with Mr. Kearns against. Mr. Sanborn for, with Mr. Short against. Mr. Allen of California for, with Mr. Graham against. Mrs. Bolton of Ohio for, with Mr. Smith of Ohio against. Mrs. Woodhouse for, with Mr. Rees against. Mr. William L. Pfeiffer for, with Mr. Lich- tenwalter against. Mr. Leonard W. Hall for, with Mr. Golden against. Mr. Coudert for, against, Mr. Gwinn for, with Mr. Potter against. Mr. Staggers for, with Mr. Macy against. Until further notice: Mr. Kelley of Pennsylvania with Mr. Wads- worth. Mr. Camp with Mr. Hill. Mr. Granger with Mr. Dolliver. Mr. Patman with Mr. Barrett of Wyoming. Mr. Smathers with Mr. Patterson. Mr. Smith of Virginia with Mrs. St. George. Mr. Bland with Mr. Werdel. Mr, Allen of Louisiana with Mr. Kearney. Mr. Bulwinkle with Mr. Wilson of Indiana, The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. The title was amended so as to read: “An act to provide economic assistance to certain areas of the Far East.” A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE A further message from the Senate, by Mr. McDaniel, its enrolling clerk, an- nounced that the Senate agrees to the amendments of the House to a bill of the Senate of the following title: 8 2681. An act to authorize the attendance of the United States Marine Band at a cele- bration commemorating the one hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Lexington to be held at Lexington, Mass., April 16 through 19, inclusive, 1950. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. BOYKIN asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the REcorp in two instances and include two statements. Mr. SABATH (at the request of Mr. O'Hara of Illinois) was given permis- sion to extend his remarks in the Rzcorp and include a resolution passed by the City Council of Chicago. Mr. BLATNIK (at the request of Mr. ‘Wacner) was given permission to extend his remarks in the Rrcorp. Mr. HILL and Mrs. ST. GEORGE (at the request of Mr. SapLak) were given permission to extend their remarks in the Rzecorp and include a letter and an editorial. Mr. DOYLE asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances and include ex- traneous matter. Mr. KEOGH (at the request of Mr. Witson of Oklahoma) was given permis- sion to extend his remarks in the Recorp. PERMISSION TO EXTEND REMARKS AT THIS POINT Mr. WILSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex- tend my remarks at this point in the REcorD. with Mr. Van Zandt
1750 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? There was no objection. Mr. WILSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I wish to place in the REcoRD the reason why I failed to respond to the roll call had earlier today on the motion to recomit H. R. 2945. 1 had previously made an appointment with the President of the United States for 11:15 this morn- ing. When it was announced yesterday evening that the House would meet today at 11 it was then too late for me to cancel my appointment with the Presi- dent. After my interview I hastened back here to the floor but too late to vote on the motion to rccommit. Had I have been present in person I would have voted “No” on the motion. Both matters discussed with the Presi- dent I consider to be of vital importance to my district. One relates to the certi- fication of the permanency of Vance Air Force Base at Enid, Okla., and the other to Optima Dam and Reservoir project in Texas County, Okla. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. NIXON (at the request of Mr. KEATING) was given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the Recorp in seven places and to include extraneous matter. Mr. GWINN (at the request of Mr. KEATING) was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a news article. Mr. KEATING asked and was given permission to revise and extend his re- marks in the REcorD. Mr. DURHAM asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a sermon. Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the ReEcorp and include extraneous matter. Mr CASE of South Dakota asked and was given permission to extend his re- marks in the Appendix of the Recorp and include two letters dealing with the sub- ject of Indian housing. Mr. SHELLEY asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp on the subject, Democracy in Northern Ireland. Mr. HAGEN asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include an article from the Washington News. GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND REMARKS Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that all Members may have five legislative days in which to extend their remarks on the bill just passed. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from West Virginia? There was no objection. URGENT DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 7207) making appro- priations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, and for other pur- poses. Pending that motion, Mr. Speak- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE er, I would like to inquire of the gentle- man from New York [Mr. TABER] if we can agree on 30 minutes for general debate. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I think 30 minutes will be sufficient time, 15 min- utes on each side. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, pending the motion, I ask unanimous consent that general debate be limited to 30 minutes, one-half to be controlled by the gentleman from New York (Mr. Taser] and one-half by myself. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mis- souri [Mr. CANNON]? There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion offered by the gentleman from Missouri. The motion was agreed to. Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union for the con- sideration of the bill H. R. 7207, with Mr” MansrieEtp in the chair. The Clerk read the title of the bill. By unanimous consent, the first read- ing of the bill was dispensed with. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Missouri |Mr. Cannon] is recog- nized for 15 minutes. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, the bill before us is a composite bill, made up of items reported by the subcommittees on independent offices and Department of the Interior. The bill includes items only of extreme urgency, and are brought before the House in response to legisla- tion recently enacted, or under circum- stances which could not have been anticipated or foreseen. There will be a later deficiency bill which will incorporate the usual defi- ciencies incurred by the various depart- ments. But, beginning with the next Congress, when the omnibus bill shall have become operative, we trust it will be unnecessary to report any further deficiency bills, except for items occa- sioned by emergencies which cannot be foreseen at the time the omnibus bill is passed. Unfortunately, there have been in- stances in the past, when departments protested against cuts in their budgets, for someone to offer comfort and con- solation by assuring them that Congress would be in session if any deficiency de- veloped and they could come back. Of course the department represent- atives left the Capitol with shining faces and proceeded to spend what they deem d essential to their program, and then confidently presented themselves at the appointed time with a deficiency esti- mate, and as a result the executive branch of the Government determined the rates and conditions of expenditure rather than the legislative branch which under the Constitution should control the purse strings. Or agencies denied funds by the subcommittee having juris- diction of their expenditures would by- pass the subcommittee and apply to the deficiency subcommittee or other sub- committee which would grant additional funds in some subsequent bill. Under the omnibus bill such strategy is eliminated and each agency or bureau is provided for in one place in the one bill FEBRUARY 9 and under the Jurisdiction of the one subcommittee. And every agency and bureau will be required to live within its appropriation under pain of penalties prescribed by the Antideficiency Act and without hope or benefit of deficiency or supplemental appropriations. The bill before us contains four items. Two of them for the purpose of expedit- ing construction under the Atomic Energy Commission and TVA are made necessary by the fact that Congress has recently authorized expansion and in- creased expedition in the production of fissionable material. The third item is for the Veterans’ Bureau and provides additional funds for readjustment bene- fits to veterans, that appropriation hav- ing becn unexpectedly exhausted sooner than anticipated. The remaining item provides additional funds for the Indian Bureau to take care of emergencies. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. THomss], chairmen of the committee which has jurisdiction of appropriations for Atomic Energy, TVA. and the Veterans’ Bureau. Mr THOMAS. Mr. Chairman, I be- lieve the chairman of the full committee has already amply explained these items. I do not want to delay the House. I therefore yield back my time. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas yields back 4 minutes. Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CANNON. I yield. Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair- man, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks at this point in the Recorp. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Alabama? There was no objection. Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Chair- man, the Widow's Creek steam plant which TVA proposes to build in Jackson County, Ala., about 29 miles from the city of Chattanooga, will have an initial in- stallation of two turbogencrators, each with a rated capacity of 112,500 kilowatts, but capable of producing 125,000 kilo- watts. The new plant is urgently re- quired in order that the plants of the Atomic Energy Commission at Oak Ridge may be assurcd of the power needed for their expanded operations. If the ap- propriation is speedily granted, TVA ex- pects to have this new steam plant op- erating during the summer of 1952. TVA is also requesting funds to add a fourth unit to the Johnsonville steam plant now under construction in the western part of the TVA power system. This proposed fourth unit at the John- sonville plant, together with the first units to be installed at the Widow’s Creek plant, are added to the TVA system at this time to permit it to take on the new requirements of the Oak Ridge plant. At the same time funds are requested to restore a part of last session's reduc- tion in TVA’s appropriation request for this fiscal year in order that its entire construction program may keep on schedule. It would be a calamity if a single unit being placed in an existing dam were delayed, if the Holston Dam now under construction were slowed up so that it could not be closed to catch next winter's rains, or if the steam plant
1950 already under construction at Johnson- ville did not bring power in on schedule, Power requirements are increasing in the TVA area with a vigor rarely seen in any region of our country. The num- ber of power users in the Tennessee Val- ley has increased to more than a million. The average residential customer uses 2,796 kilowatt-hours a year in the Ten- nessee Valley, compared with 1,655 for the average user in the Nation. Not only is residential use of electricity doubling every 4 or 5 years within the TVA area; use of power in commerce and industry is following a similar trend though not quite as steep. And most rapid of all has been the growth of farm use of elec- tricity. Last year power lines were being strung to as many additional farms every 2 or 3 months as the total number of farms in this region served in all the years before TVA. In planning its future power require- ments, TVA must take into consideration not alone these important factors—that s, the growth of power loads of residen- ial, commercial, and industrial custom- ers—but also must be certain to provide ample power to take care of national de- fense needs. These are very important in the Tennessee Valley. TVA already is supplying large amounts of power to Oak Ridge and additional large blocks are going to be needed. TVA, too, is going to be called upon to supply a great deal of power to the new Air Force center near Tullahoma. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ar- kansas [Mr. NorRELL], chairman of the Subcommittee on Interior Department Appropriations, the committee which has jurisdiction of appropriations for Indian affairs. Mr. NORRELL. Mr. Chairman, like the gentleman from Texas, I do not care to consume the time of the House or the Committee unless it is necessary. This budget request came to my sub- committee for $803,000 for relief for all of the Indians of the Nation with the exception of the Navajo and Hopi Tribes. They have their own individual and sep- arate claim. The increas2 here 1s needed because of two things: One, the case load has grown heavier; two, grasshopper devastation and the hard winter, these things having deprived them of their crops and their work, The committee thinks the appro- priation should be granted, and we rec- omend its passage. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. will the gentleman yield? Mr. NORRELL. I yield. Mr. MANSFIELD. I wish to thank the committee for its fine action in approving the supplemental appropriation of $803,- 000 for the welfare of the Indians. As the gentleman and the other members of his committee know, the Governor of Montana had declared an emergency for the northern part of our State. Many of our Indians are suffering. We hope this supplemental appropriation will be approved promptly so that it may be used to take care of some of their needs. Mr. NORRELL. I thank the gentle- man. Lect me remind the membership that the Indians are wards of the Nation and we cannot permit them to starve. Chairman, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. NORRELL. I yield. Mr, AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I would like to ask the gentleman whether any of this money to be appropriated for relief is to be used for the acquisition of food? Mr. NORRELL. Yes. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Would there be any reason why the Committee could not accept an amendment to the bill that the money should be used to acquire surplus foods that are already in the possession of the Government? Mr. NORRELL. I would not think the Committee would want to do that. They will take the money and buy the food they need. Certainly they should be sensible in trying to carry out the over- all program of the Nation. Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I may say to the gentleman that if we could use the food that the Government al- ready owns it might be transferred to the Indians and we would save that much money. Mr. NORRELL. I think that might be done, but I would not want to limit it in that respect because somebody else might want to limit it in some other respect. I do not have an Indian in my district. It is a lot better, in my opinion, to make the lump-sum appropriation, then let those in charge of the service be guided by sensible procedure. I have an idea it will be done somewhat along the lines the gentleman has in mind. Mr. AUGUST H ANDRESEN. I would like to suggest for the record that the Indiun Bureau adopt some policy so that it will not be necessary to waste the money as long as the money has already been paid for the food. Mr. NORRELL. May I say that I would not deiend the Indian Bureau in pursuing any other policy than some- what like the gentleman has suggested. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. NORRELL. I yield to the gentle- man from South Dakota. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I think reference to the hearings will disclose that particular suggestion was discussed when this item was before the subcom- mittee. It was discussed by Mr, Nichols of the Indian Bureau and myselt. Mr. Nichols said that $88,000 had been sub- tracted from the budget of last year in anticipation of getting surplus food. They have been able to make only a lim- ited use of this source of food because of the necessity of paying the transporta- tion expenses. It was indicated that a portion of this money could be used for the payment of transportation, and un- der those circumstances they could use some of these surplus commodities. Mr. NORRELL. I thank the gentle- man. Mr TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself such time as I may use. Mr. Chairman, the items contained in this bill are deficiencies that probably cannot be avoided at this time. We must provide the money. The committee has made some cuts where it was able to do so. Probably there is no controversy, so far as I know, with reference to the bill. 1751 There are some things in connection with it that we should call attention to, and they are rather important insofar as the general economy of the country is concerned. This Congress has pro- vided for veterans the opportunity for training. I want to read an item that appears on page 27 of the hearings where an investigation was made with refer- ence to the results of this educational and training program. Mr. Sterling furnished this information, and he was representing the Veterans’ Administra- tion: As of the end of July 1949, 2,592,500 veter- ans had been enrolled in courses in schools below college level under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act. It is estimated that 500,000 of these veterans or 19.3 percent had pursued their courses to completion. That is a terribly disappointing pic- ture and indicates that the right re- quirements are not being made of those who go in, nor are they required to do the things that they should do with all the enormous sum that is being expend- ed upon them by the Government. The total figure for this year will run to $2,'754,000,000. An investigation of some of these schools indicated an attendance of only 31 percent, although they were putting in bills for 100-percent attendance, again indicating that the proper check on this operation was not being made. I feel that in the interest of the Government and in the interest of the veterans these things should be straightened out. I think the committee is entitled to a great deal of credit for its consideration of this matter and bringing these things out. Mr. Chairman, I now yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. Case], the ranking minority mem- ber of the Independent Offices Subcom- mittee, which committee heard most of these items. Mr. CASE of South Dakota, Mr. Chairman, as the gentleman from New York has said, the committee was some- what disturbed by the evidence that is developing as to abuse of readjustment benefits provided to the Veterans’ Ad- ministration. The abuse, so far as we could determine, is not in the Veterans’ Administration. The abuse exists on the part of some fly-by-night schools where GI’s have been induced to enroll with the suggestion that they would be ahead the subsistence allowance and the school would get the tuition payments. There has been no adequate check-up and no adequate guaranty that the schooling has actually been provided. Absences in some of these Johnny-come-lately schools have come to véry high figures. In the hearings on the regular bill for fiscal 1951 there will be more evidence than shown in the hearings there. It 1s possible the committee may suggest some procedure whereby the Government will receive a certificate or some other as- surance that the schooling it is paying for is actually being received The other two items that were con- sidered by the Independent Offices Sub- committee deal with the Atomic Energy Commission and the Tennessee Valley Authority Both of these are well cov- ered, I think, in the report of the com- mittee. They are part of the urgent
1752 program to achieve production goals asked for by the responsible heads of the Government. Last fall before Congress adjourned, representatives of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Tennessee Valley Authority appeared before the com- mittee and said that in view of the new production goals that they would like to use some of the funds which had been previously appropriated for fiscal 1950 to start some of this work, although realizing that we could not at that time make a new appropriation, It was un- derstood that they might go ahead with their plans so that this work could be prosecuted as rapidly as possible, and we would consider the money need shortly after the new session opened, which has been done. One of these calls for con- siderable expansion in hydroelectric ca- pacity and some steam generation for the Tennessee Valley Authority. Before we assented to this expansion, it was suggested that the TVA people canvass the Army engineers and other agencies of the Government to see whether or not power might be available through plants now under construction or from sources where power was already available. The testimony as shown in the hear- ing on this urgent deficiency bill will show that the TVA people did make some study along that line, and while it was indicated that some temporary power might be found, it was of a temporary character. Consequently the committee did approve the funds requested in the amount shown of $11,682,000 to permit the program to go forward as indicated, There was no controversy over the pur- pose. It was simply a question as to whether or not we might save some of the money by using power that would be otherwise available. We did not find it in a permanent form, so consequently the committee reported the item in the amount as shown. Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. Mr. HAGEN. In the case of the wel- fare fund for Indian relief, will any part of this money be available for the pay- ment of freight charges on relief ship- ments that might be sent to them on the reservations? Mr. CASE of South Dakota. It will be. In the consideration of a supplemental bill a few years ago the Appropriations Committee accepted an amendment which authorized, as far as the legal right is concerned, the use of welfare funds for the payment of transportation charges when surplus commodities are used. The hearings on this particular item, as shown in the testimony before the Appropriations Subcommittee for the Interior Department, contemplated that a part of this money would be used for that purpose. In fact, that was part of the showing of the need, that it was necessary to have some money to pay transportation expenses if the surplus commodities were to be used to the fullest extent possible. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 8 minutes to the gentleman from Mon- tana (Mr, D’Ewarrt], CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. DEWART. Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the item in the bill of $803,000 for the welfare of the Indians. I know of the need for this money for the remainder of the year. In my own State, in eastern Montana, we have had a severe drought that has seriously affected the welfare of these Indians. In addition, the grasshoppers came in, as they do in those cases. This winter we have had a very, very severe winter. On one of the reservations in the month of January the temperature averaged 27.8 below zero for the whole month, and 50 below was registered sev- eral times during the month. The re- sult is that these Indians are suffering from want of food and want of fuel. The need for this appropriation, I can assure you, is very great. With the supplies the Indian Bureau has advanced up to date we have been able to take care of the immediate wel- fare of these Indians, but these funds will run out by the first of March. This additional money is needed if we are to take care of the situation that has de- veloped due, first, to the drought and, second, to the very severe weather. I would say to my friend from Min- nesota that we have made use of these surplus commodities. They have shipped several carloads into this area for use in this emergency. There are difficulties in connection with shipping potatoes be- cause of lack of storage at temperatures such as 50 below Zero. It is difficult to handle some of these commodities. Others, such as dried eggs, can be handled. We have had some difficulty because of the snow conditions, the difficulty of opening roads and getting food to these people, but I think we have solved some of those difficulties. With this additional money, I think we can take care of the situation that has developed and bring these Indians through this one winter season. I am hoping that as time goes on we can find a solution for this prob- lem so it will not be recurrent, but it is with us this winter. We have had to grant them some additional aid, but I think we will have to have some more for the rest of the winter. However, this item should take care of it. I appre- ciate the committee’s including this item of $800,000 in this legislation. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from Louli- slana [Mr. Brooks]. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Chairman, I have Just come back from home. When we passed this foreign-aid bill here today, I was reminded that we also have prob- lems close at home. We live on the Red River. When I left there the Red River was cresting at flood level. The other rivers in the lower Mississippi River Valley are high. The Mississippi River, for instance, is reach- ing a very high level, so high, in fact, that I am informed there has been fear expressed that the strain on the levee system may be too great. As a result of this act, Mr. Chairman, I was today informed that the Army engineers intend tomorrow afternoon to open up what is known as the Bonne Carre Spillway, immediately north of FEBRUARY 9 New Orleans. That is one of the safety valves for the lower Mississippi system. When it is opened up, it will permit the flood waters from the Mississippi to flow directly into Lake Pontchartrain, and thereby reach the Gulf of Mexico by a shorter route. I am glad to report that thus far the flood control system built by the engineers is holding up all along the line. But we who live in the lower valley realize that the flood waters are high and we appreciate the fact that Congress is making ® genuine effort to push speedily the work of completely protecting the lower valley from future floods. I might say that this spillway has been used only twice in the past since its construction. This will be the third time and tomorrow when the levees on the east bank of the Mississippi open the waters of the Mississippi will roar across the land into Lake Pontchartrain and into the Gulf. Mr. Chairman, in the Red River Valley we see progress being made in the con- trol of our flood waters which come down into Louisiana from Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma. We, of course, are happy to realize that substantial progress is being made in making the valley safe. But this progress is not fast enough. I am told that at that rate of progress, the Red River Valley will not be completely safe from project floods for some 20 years. This is a long time; and we who live behind the levees feel that in a real sense we are tempting providence when we stage our work on the hope that the angry waters of the upper reaches will be held up until that distant date when our flood projects shall have been com- pleted in accordance with the measured progress of a methodical Congress. The Clerk read as follows: TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY For an additional amount for Tennessee Valley Authority,” $11,682,500, to remain available until expended; and the limitation under this head in title II of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1950, on the amount available for administrative and general expenses of the Corporation, is ine creased from “$3,699,000” to “$3,845,000.” Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr, Chairman, I move to strike out the last word, Mr. Chairman, I do not like to take this time at this late hour, but there is some- thing involved in this bill which presents a very serious situation so far as the whole American economy {is concerned, I wish to take these few moments to re- view a little in connection with this sur- plus food situation. It may be all right for us—our salaries are going right along. Everything is going along fine. The stock market is going along and the women are still buying their mink coats and we are going to have a $3,000,000 Roman holiday here in Washington in a few months. Meanwhile the fact is that our agricultural economy in many places is deteriorating. For example, at the present hour in many places in the Mid- west eggs are selling for the lowest per- centage of parity that they have ever sold for to my knowledge. It is 39 per- cent of parity.
1950 Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Chair- man, will the gentleman yield? Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. In just a moment. Mr. WHITE of California. Mr. Chair- man, I make the point of order that the gentleman is not discussing the bill and he did not ask for unanimous consent to proceed out of order. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman from Cali- fornia is too hasty because I am talking on this bill and the things that I am talking about are leading up to this ques- tion of food for the Indians which has to do with this particular bill. The CHAIRMAN. The matter under consideration at the moment happens to be the Tennessee Valley Authority. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, that may be true, but I moved to strike out the last word. I am talking in connection with this bill. In this bill we have surplus foods for the Indians. The CHAIRMAN. The. gentleman should discuss that matter which is pend- ing at the present time. The part of the bill to which he refers has not been reached yet. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, I do not want to get too tech- nical. I move that the House adjourn. We do not have a quorum. I do not like to do that, but in the 11 years that I have been here, this is the first time that any- thing like this has ever happened and I get kind of tired sometimes of some of the things that are going on around here. Mr. WHITE of California. Mr, Chair- man, could I withhold that point of order just briefly to say to the gentleman from Wisconsin that this morning I started to speak out of order on an issue in response to the gentleman from Pennsylvania {Mr. HucH D. Scort, Jr] on the very same type of discussion, and I was taken off my feet by somebody on the left. I am not going to be as bad as they were. I am going to withdraw my point of order. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I am glad the gentleman has heard of the Golden Rule. Just because somebody does something to you is no reason why you should want to do it to somebody else. As I said, we are in a serious situation. We have surplus agricultural products selling as low as 39 percent of parity. We have many kinks in the law that should be straightened out. Last week we read that the CCC could not get rid of this surplus food unless somebody else paid the freight. Since December our colleague the Honorable GLEN BEALL, of Maryland, and I have been trying to get a hearing before the Committee on Agri- culture to get some of these things straightened out. I would like to know why it is that we can pay the freight on these agricultural products for ani- mal feeding, as we have been doing for the last year or more, and yet cannot do it when they are for human use. We are all going to be criticized, and justly so, if we sit here and let any of these foods go to waste. This is especially true with the situation being the way it is in the United States at the present time. Unemployment is increasing, farm income and purchasing power is decreas- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE ing. So far as I am concerned, I do not want to accept any of the responsibility of not doing this job the way the Congress intended for us to do it when they passed the law. If anyone wants to take the responsibility of ruining the American farmer and his economy, that is a responsibility he will have to assume. This Indian food is just one angle of it. There is no reason in the world why we should not get these departments acquainted with one another so that they can work for the common good, not only for the rural people but for the whole country, and for this entire sup- port program. They have got the potato business pretty well worn out and now they are going into the egg business. Yet the other day we passed a little cotton bill which, if it becomes law, will cost more money than the egg program has cost in 9 years. Still you have not heard any commentators or newspapers worrying about that $100,000,000 or $200,000,000. Poultry is 10 percent of the national farm income, and the cotton which we need in the United States is not over 5 percent of the farm income. So that if we are interested in saving not only the rural people, but if we are interested in human beings and in the economy of this country, we should coordinate these forces, and we will be furnishing this food, according to law, to the Indians and to these other groups, as provided by law. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Wisconsin |Mr. Mur- ray] has expired. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that thc bill be con- sidered as read. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Missouri? There was no objection. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I move that the Committee do now rise and re- port the bill back to the House, without amendment, with the recommendation that the bill do pass. The motion was agreed to. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having resumed the chair, Mr. MansFIELD, Chairman of the Com- mittee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, reported that that Commit- tee, having had under consideration the bill (H. R. 7207) making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, and for other purposes, di- rected him to report the same back to the House, without amendment, with the recommendation that the bill do pass. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the bill to final passage. The previous question was ordered. The SPEAKER. The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time and was read the third time. The SPEAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. The bill was passed. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. 1753 POLICY REGARDING FORMOSA Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, I present a privileged resolution (H. Res. 452) and ask for its immediate consider- ation. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the resolution. The Clerk read as follows: Resolved, That the President be and is requested, if not incompatible with the pub- lic interest, to furnish this House within 15 days after the adoption of this resolution with full and complete answers to the fol- lowing questions, namely: 1. With respect to the President's state- ment of January 5, 1950, on policy regarding Formosa— a. Were the views of the Secretary of Defense solicited in the formulation of the policy enunciated therein? b. Were the above views and the views of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and of Gen. Doug- las MacArthur presented to the National Security Council in its deliberations preced- ing the said statement? c. Is Hainan included in the policy enun- ciated in said statement? d Have the following been considered by the Executive as alternatives to the policy enunciated in said statement: (1) Insistence on the execution of the terms of the Cairo Declaration, which pro- vided for the return of Formosa to the Re- public of China; (2) Consideration of Formosa as & posses- sion of Japan to be administered by the vic- tor powers until eventual disposition under a peace settlement with Japan; and (3) A plebiscite in Formosa, under the aus- pices of the Far Eastern Commission or a special commission of the United Nations, to determine whether the inhabitants de- sire— (a) to continue as a province of and the seat of government of the Republic of China; (b) to be placed under a United Nations trusteeship; or (c) to become an independent nation? e. Does the Executive have information as to— (1) Alternate sources of essential commo- dities such as rice and iron ore to replace Formosa and Hainan as sources of these commodities for Japan in the event of the capture of these islands by the Chinese Com- munists; and (2) The factor of additional cost of the occupation of Japan to the United States in the event of the capture of Formosa and Hainan by the Chinese Communists? f. Has any recent survey of defense re- sources of Formosa been made by any agency of this Government? g. For what purposes and tn what amounts has assistance been rendered to Formosa un- der the present Economic Cooperation Ad- ministration program, which, in the words of the statement, “the United States Gov- ernment proposes to continue”? In this connection, what steps have been taken and what sums have been spent in— (1) The 817,000,000 capital improvement program which was contemplated for For- mosa at the time of the consideration of legislation to extend the China Aid Act in March 1949; and (2) the land tenure reforms and similar welfare improvement measures carried out by the Provincial Government of Formosa with the advice and assistance of the Joint Commission for Rural Reconstruction? 2. With respect to the current situation in China and the Far East; a. What are the numbers and types of vessels and craft transferred to China under the agreement of December 8, 1947? What balance remains to be transferred? b. Have the Chinese Communist forces ob- tained, and are they obtaining, amphibious
1754 assault equipment from the Soviet Union or elsewhere? c. Has the United States Government made any statement with respect to the recogni- tion of the Communist regime by the United Kingdom? d. Has the United States Government for- mulated its attitude with respect to admis- sion of the Communist regime in China to the United Nations? e. What areas in Asia come within the scope of the Truman Doctrine? Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker—— Mr. LODGE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from West Virginia yield? Mr. KEE. In just a moment. Mr. Speaker, when this resolution was referred to the Committee on Foreign Af- fairs we immediately put it into proper channels in order that the various in- quiries made in the resolution might be answered. We have received through the Department of State a full and com- plete answer to all the questions in the resolution. These answers will all be published in the report which the com- mittee has brought in with the resolu. tion, with the exception of two supple- mental answers which it is deemed to be incompatible with the public interest to publish. But the two supplemental an- swers wil] be kept on file with the com- mittee and be available for the informa- tion of members of the committee. Accompanying the resolution is an ad- verse report by the committee. Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the gen- tleman from Connecticut [Mr, LopcE], @ member of our committee and the author of the resolution, 5 minutes in which he desires to make a statement. Mr. LODGE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the distinguished chairman of the Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs for his cour- tesy. Unfortunately the State Depart- ment answers are not yet in printed form, as I understand it, therefore they are not available at this time for the Members of this body. I have, however, had a quick look at them. The answers given by the Department of State to House Resolution 452, the privileged resolution of inquiry which I introduced on January 27, are not in all respects responsive to my queStions. In other respects the answers are evasive and beyond that the answers indicate a firm adherence to the State Depart- ment’s policy of lack of firmness toward the forces of Communist aggression in the Far East. In the course of these answers the State Department takes the view that they are bound by the Cairo Declaration with respect to Formosa, In other words, that Formosa must be treated as a part of China. Without arguing the merits of that proposition, I might point out that the Cairo Declaration also con- stituted a commitment on our part that Manchuria should be a part of China. Yet, at Yalta, control of the major ports and railroads of Manchuria, which means control of Manchuria, was trans- ferred to the Soviet Union without even the knowledge, not to mention the con- sent, of the Chinese Government. As an argument against taking action the State Department says that, “We must not place ourselves in the unenvi- able position of the U.8.8.R." Perhaps one is entitled to wonder whether in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE opinion of the U. S. S. R. or the people of Asia our position in China is exactly enviable. According to the answer $9,000,000 has been obligated for fertilizer in Formosa. Yet the State Department in its answer objects to the use of a much smaller amount of United States funds to build up fertilizer plants in order that they can make their own fertilizer. It favors suspension of any capital-improvement program because of the precarious situa- tion of Formosa with respect to the Com- munist menace. Yet, surely the position of Korea is also precarious and yet capi- tal improvements in Korea are going on apace to the tune of millions of dollars. Furthermore, if the situation in Formosa is so precarious, then why is it said else- where in the answer that the anti-Com- munist forces on Formosa have sufficient resources to repel any likely attack? Certainly the southern Koreans do not have sufficient resources. Elsewhere in the State Department’s answer it is said that a total of 131 ves- sels have been transferred by the United States out of 138 on the proposed list. Yet, under Public Law 512 the President was authorized to transfer 271 vessels. What is the reason for not transferring the 140 vessels which represent the dif- ference between 271 and 131? It is heartening to know that the United States Government will back up the representatives of the Nationalist government of China in the United Na- tions. I am glad that at last this has been affirmatively stated. But the State Department completely avoids an answer to my question: “What areas in Asia come within the scope of the Truman doctrine.” And in its eva- sion of this answer it advances the ex- traordinary theory that the Truman doctrine involves, primarily, economic and financial aid. Then what of the hundreds of millions of dollars that we have spent on military aid to Greece and Turkey as a result of the Truman doc- trine? And what of the military aid to the Philippines and to Korea? It would have been more honest if the State Department had admitted that they have conducted a retreat from the Truman doctrine. These are but a selected few of many criticisms which I could make. And so, while I appreciate the infor- mation provided with respect to some of the questions, it is with regret that I must note that the State Department answers to other questions in my resolu- tion of inquiry are not satisfactory. I think it is important that these grave questions should be clarified so that the American people should know where they stand with respect to this entire disturb- ing dilemma, Mr. CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. LODGE. I yield to the gentleman from Jllinois. Mr. CHURCH. Will the gentleman explain the reason for our not receiving the answers to the questions before the discussion today concerning Korea and Formosa? It seems rather odd that the answers now follow but did not precede the earlier discussion today with refer- ence to Korea and Formosa, FEBRUARY 9 The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Connecticut has expired. Mr. KEE. Mr. Speaker, a few words only in reply to the gentleman from Connecticut. The resolution, together with the reply of the Department of State, was submitted to the committee, read to the committee, was passed upon by the committee, deemed satisfactory, and the committee reported out the reso- lution adversely. I therefore move that the resolution be laid on the table. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Will the gentleman withhold that so that I may propound a parliamentary inquiry? Mr. KEE. Yes. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Has a re- quest been submitted to the House that the report of the State Department to the interrogations be put in the Recorp in connecion with these deliberations? The SPEAKER. It has not. They are contained in the report of the com- mittee, as the Chair understands. Mr. KEE. We reported the answers to the House. The SPEAKER. The motion now is to lay the resolution on the table. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. A fur- ther parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Speaker. I understood the gentleman from West Virginia to say something about a couple of answers that should not be published, but those that might be published, it seems to me, it might be appropriate and consistent with the precedents of the House if they were printed. Mr, KEE. We have reported the an- swers to the House, and they will appear in the report. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I thank the gentleman. Mr, CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. KEE. Only for a question. Mr. CHURCH. My question ts the same one that I asked a while ago of the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. Lopcz]. Ido not understand, and maybe the gentleman can explain to me why House Resolution 452 and the answers thereto were not brought up before the discussion regarding Formosa and Korea earlier today. It seems odd that this comes up after that matter was disposed of today. . Mr. KEE. I do not program measures for hearing in the House for considera- tion. Mr. CHURCH. But the leadership must have been responsible for the order in which these matters came up for dis- cussion today. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. KEE. For a question. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Mr, Speaker, there is no question more im- portant to the west coast, that is why I ask this question, especially as the statement has been repeatedly made that with the withdrawal of the United States from the line of Okinawa-Formosa and so forth, that we have become the line of defense. So, I ask this question very respectfully: The chairman of the com- mittee has said that these questions were replied to by the Department; that sev- eral of the questions had certain national
1950 defense significance, and he could not bring the replies to the floor. Mr. KEE. Two of them only. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. But he has said that the others had been re- plied to and were considered by the com- mittee, which I do not consider to have been, therefore, considered by the en- tire Congress, which is necessary, and I am asking whether or not it is the in- tention of the chairman or of that com- mittee to bring these replies in full to the Congress in order that we, who are vitally interested in our part of the country, may know what the answers are. Mr. KEE. The replies are incorpo- rated in our report. They will be pub- lished. Mr. TABER. Why was it not printed before the resolution was brought in? Mr. PHILLIPS of Calif6rnia. That is @ proper question. When are the replies going to be printed? Why were they not printed before the resolution was brought up and, as the gentleman from Illinois said, why were they not printed before the discussion of the Korea-Formosa aid? Mr. KEE. Under the rule, we have to report these resolutions to the House, with the action of the committee on them, within 7 days. It took quite some time for us to get the answers back from the Department. We reported them at the earliest possible time. They would have been reported on yesterday had that day not been Calendar Wednesday. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That does not reply to my question, or, rather, it is a reply, but it is not, perhaps, a satisfactory reply because the committee did not have to bring up this resolution until after they were printed. The SPEAKER. A _ parliamentary question is involved there with which the gentleman is perhaps not familiar. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Would the Speaker care to enlighten me on the parliamentary question? The SPEAKER. It is that if the com- mittee does not report the resolution within 7 days, the gentleman from Con- necticut may call it up. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Is the Speaker saying that the report had to be acted upon in 7 days? The SPEAKER. By the committee or by the House. If the committee does not report it within seven legislative days, the gentleman from Connecticut can call it up. The committee has considered it, so the gentleman from West Virginia has said. The committee has the an- swers, It considered them, and it took action. The gentleman has now reported this resolution unfavorably and is going to move to lay it on the table. That is the usual course. It is done many times every year. Mr. KEE. It is also quite customary to report them and consider them at the earliest possible moment. The SPEAKER. May the Chair say that the gentleman from West Virginia is not responsible at all for the bill car- rying Korean and other aid coming up before this resolution. The Chair will take the responsibility for that himself. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. With all respect to the Speaker, may I say that I certainly had no question of that. I CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE thought {t was possible under the rules for the committee to hold it until it had printed the report. I think we under- stand now that the committee is keeping the House in the dark just as long as pos- sible concerning the reply. Am I right? Mr. KEE, That has never been done within my remembrance since I have been on the Committee on Foreign Af- fairs. Mr. Speaker, I move to lay the resolu- tion on the table. The motion was agreed to. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the Recorp and include a copy of the speech I made at the Washington Town Hall a week ago Monday on what our China policy should be. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mon- tana? There was no objection. Mr. KEE asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include an article appearing in the Monroe Watchman, a West Vir- ginia newspaper. Mr. McCORMACK (at the request of Mr. HOLiIFIELD) was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and in- clude a resolution. ADJOURNMENT OVER Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- imous consent that when the House ad- journs today, it adjourn to meet on Mon- day next. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Ten- nessee? There was no objection. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. GORDON asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a speech, notwith- standing the fact that it exceeds the limit fixed by the Joint Committee on Printing and is estimated to cost $205, The SPEAKER. Under previous or- der of the House, the gentleman from New York [Mr. Javits] is recognized for 15 minutes. H-BOMB AND UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, Senator McMAuon’s address on the H-bomb is splendid as a bid to the Soviet Union to settle its problems with the United States on the atomic and H-bombs, but it leaves us where we were in respect of a program of current action if the Soviets do not pick up our bid. The great contribution made by Senator McManon is to raise to a level commensurate with the cruel problem of the H-bomb, the power and resources which we must muster to meet it, and to affirm our capability and will- ingness to devote $50,000,000,000 in 5 years to the fight for peace. I do not believe that this is our only alternative. I believe that valuable as Senator MCMAHON’s proposal is as a means for perhaps inducing agreement on a plan for control and inspection of atomic energy we cannot wait on the success of this offer alone. This can in- 1755 deed be a brilliant and important— though deferred—aspect of the policy, but we must also have a current operat- ing policy which in it has the capability for success, too—a success defined as the maintenance of international peace and security without war and the raising of the standards of living of the peoples of the world, while we maintain, strengthen, and develop free institutions everywhere. For this purpose we have in the making a dynamic foreign policy provided that we once see it as a complete whole and pursue it with the vigor and resources which Senator MCMAHON suggests, but without the condition precedent so diffi- cult of attainment which he prescribes. Looked at in totality, the foreign policy which we are pursuing today is to en- deavor to aid the recovery of the war- torn nations through the European re- covery program, the Greek, China, and now the Korean assistance programs, at the same time that we seek to bring up to a higher degree of economic well being the underdeveloped countries through the point-4 program and at the same time that we give the whole world which we are helping to maintain free, military cover through our own military resources and the obligations that we have under- taken under the Charter of the United Nations, the Atlantic Pact, and the mu- tual defense assistance program. In this way we afford an opportunity to war-torn and underdeveloped countries to rehabilitate themselves with our aid under a military security which we give them until such time as their economic status will permit them to join in collec- tive security for them and ourselves on an increasing basis. By pursuing this policy we husband our resources because we are not endeavoring to establish mili- tary security as well as economic im- provement in the various countries which we are assisting except such as js consistent with their state of economic recovery and the requirements of their morale. Viewed in this way, we have a complete policy which is not a policy of containment but a human policy. A four-point program of additions to current American foreign policy is needed to meet the challenge to world peace presented by the acceleration of the United States-Soviet arms race resulting from the H-bomb development. This four-point program is as follows: First, a $1,000,000,000 per annum re- covery program paralleling the European recovery program and providing for self help and mutual cooperation and an or- ganization for Far East economic co- operation for the Far East, where we have been dealing with the problem of economic recovery and development piecemeal and sporadically; second, an invitation to Indonesia, India, the Phil- ippines, Burma, Pakistan, South Korea, Viet Nam, Australia, and New Zealand to establish a Pacific pact with the United States giving to the Far East the same assurances of our support as we gave to western Europe in the event of aggression against them; third, a prompt and greatly expanded point 4 program of the scope, and with the as- surances against colonialism adequate to the size of the underdeveloped areas and
1756 the vast populations involved; and fourth, a means for financing develop- ment as a follow-up on the European recovery program and point 4 based on a World Economic Development Cor- poration operating like the RFC with an initial $10,000,000,000 capital. In the production of the H-bomb with the vast additional expense involved for the National Military Establishment, our democracy again faces the question of preferring guns to butter. This for us, unlike a dictatorship, is always a diffi- cult question. We have, heretofore, been able to deal with this problem of in- creased military expenditure by an over- all expansion of our economy. The pro- posals which I am making look to the further expansion of our economy to meet the H-bomb challenge grounding it on increased domestic production, and on increasing the production and raising the standards of living of the free peo- ples overseas, making them stronger in their will to resist communism and more able to do it effectively both physically and morally. I urge also the adoption of House Concurrent Resolution 64, the world federation resolution, as the po- litical capstone of our peace efforts. If the die is to be cast for war by the Soviet Union then we are in for it whether or not we have economically aided the other free areas of the world. What we must at all costs avoid, how- ever, is giving up by default; in other words, withholding or impairing our eco- nomic assistance so that Communist in- filtration trading on the despair, eco- nomic depression, and postwar destruc- tion of countries will win without any Soviet aggression from without being necessary. This we dare not do, and it must, therefore, be our fundamental policy to repair and develop the economy of free peoples or those striving to attain freedom. Here we have the best chance of retaining for freedom the greater part of the world which is now outside the Soviet orbit and attracting away from the Soviet Union more and more of its satellites in the area behind the iron curtain, because of the inevitable and irresistible attraction of an economic prosperity in being which the Soviet Union can only promise and never de- liver. This is our best opportunity for counteracting the expansionist drive of the Soviet Union while putting her in such fear as to her own isolation that she will be far more ready to make the kind of agreement which Senator McMaHnon has in mind than she is today. If in the interim the U. 8. 8. R. should decide to move militarily we would at least have peoples to rely on who are believers in freedom and therefore a powerful wea- pon against communism, and who as resistance fighters could enormously cut the Communist chances of success in the near term, with a real chance that for the longer term the free world can gain the power which will make even armed attack unthinkable to the U.8.5.R. To pursue a program of this character our whole conception of recovery and what it takes to carry it out must be revised. This line of action is blueprinted in a new book just written by my brother, Benjamin A. Javits, and about to be is- sued by the publishers, the United Na- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE tions World, through Funk & Wagnalls, entitled “Peace by Investment.” This book offers the creative, conscious, and cosmopolitan use of credit as an effective and practical way of achieving the ends now inadequately pursucd by the United States foreign economic policy. It ad- vocates that this program be pursued over a period of 60 years and consider the potentialities of investment in the same magnitude as those considered by Senator McManon—$50,000,000,000— but this time not under a fixed condition precedent but as an investment in peace through well-being. The magnitude of the problems to be solved are so great that the amounts of money to be dealt with must be com- mensurate with the scope of the problem. Western Europe will in 1952 still need material dollar help in some form. The estimate of programs for recovery in Asia aggregate about $1,000,000,000 a year. Point 4 programs to provide technical assistance to backward areas, particularly in Asia, the Near East, Af- rica, and Latin America, may well in- volve an expenditure of several hundred million dollars a year when they really are moving forward; and this is exclusive of the follow-up investment required. Considered in terms of outright expen- diture these sums are vast, but consid- ered in terms of our economic machine which is now producing an annual] non- Government income of about $215,000,- 000,000, a reevaluation of all our con- cepts is necessary for our investments in world peace. They could properly be considered as investments anticipating at the very least an enormous increase in national productivity attributable to the revival of the world’s economy, or as Senator McMaxnon contemplates a vast reduction in military expenditures. President Truman has noted that an in- crease of a few percent in the standard of living of the peoples of Asia who con- stitute about 50 percent of the popula- tion of the earth could keep the United States busy for 100 years and could step up our national income to $300,000,000,- 000 a year. As world recovery requires not only money but know-how and as United States private business has vast re- sources of know-how a partnership of the United States Government and the United States private business for over- seas economic development is indicated. To provide the means for investment on the scale required by world recovery and development of the economically underdeveloped countries adequate to form the needed basis for world eco- nomic prosperity, a single international financing organization is required such as @ great, new Economic Development Corporation financed by the United States Government in a magnitude pro- portioned to the business to be done. We must be thinking in terms of initial capital in the magnitude of $10,000,000,- 000. An Economic Development Corpora- tion would function very much like the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in extending loans on mortgages, or other- wise, to prospective investors and de- velopers abroad, and in acquiring securities from such investors or de- FEBRUARY 9 velopers, in effect creating a Govern- ment-business partnership. Such com- panies should also be participated in by governments or individuals in the areas where economic development work is to be undertaken. Cooperation with participating coun- tries would be likely to determine the success or failure of the whole program and there we should adopt the pro- cedure so successfully worked out in con- nection with the European recovery program. We should bring about the establishment of regional organizations of participating countries like the Or- ganization of European Economic Co- operation of the 19 countries participat- ing in the ERP, which can advise with us on over-all plans for particular regions with similar economic, social, and political interests. From this would logically follow the negotiation of agree- ments or treaties giving fair protection for and preventing discrimination against investments by United States nationals and the new Economic Devel- opment Corporation in such areas. The work of the International Bank and the Monetary Fund to help members to get their internal financial and economic affairs in order would continue. Investment or loans by the Economic Development Corporation would go far to quieting the fears of American busi- nessmen that the United States Govern- ment would leave them adrift at some point after encouraging them to under- take broad-scale ventures for overseas economic development. Added to the vast economic recovery programs for free peoples we must also have a political and ideological appeal. In this way we are brought to the even- tuahty of world federation reaching across all barriers, extending also to the people of the Soviet Union and its satel- lites and offering them a place with all the other peoples of the world with commonly assured guaranties of com- monly accepted world law and world controls, which should quiet their fears of American domination of the United Nations. While we strive to carry out @ program of investment and recovery we must in parallel strive to carry for- ward the movement for world federation as the ultimate answer to a question which may well not prove capable of final settlement on economic grounds alone but may require that political capstone which can be found in world federation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. HAYS of Arkansas (at the request of Mr. Prigst) was granted permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the REcorp. The SPEAKER. Under previous order of the House, the gentleman from Cali- fornia (Mr. HOLIFIELD] is recognized for 20 minutes. CAN WORLD PEACE BE ATTAINED IN THE SHADOW OF THE HYDROGEN SUPER- BOMB? Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, as a member of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy I have shared for almost 4 years the problems and responsibilities charged to us by the Atomlc Energy Act of 1946.
1950 During the past 4 years production of atomic energy has been multiplied, and the destructive capacity of the atomic bomb has been magnified. Unfortunately, there has been no comparable progress in the field of in- ternational diplomacy. We who are charged with extensive knowledge in the field of potential atomic destruction are forced into a discouraging position of near despair, because there is no effective interna- tional agreement to control the produc- tion of atomic energy or the use of atomic weapons. For the past few months we have been wrestling with the problems of the hy- drogen superbomb. This terrible weapon ts gestating in the womb of scientific research and development. Its birth date may not be far in the future. Once born, it will multiply geometrically the ghastly horror of the Hiroshima atomic explosion—that Hiroshima bomb de- stroyed a city of a hundred thousand people, laying waste an area of more than four square miles. The hydrogen bomb may be capable of destroying the largest city on earth. It may destroy man and his works over an area of 100 or more square miles. Our minds cannot do other than re- coil in horror at such a possibility—that American, British, Canadian, and Soviet scientists should be embarking on such @ terrible and horrifying project scems fantastic. Like a person epripped by a grim nightmare, we struggle in futility to break the chains that bind us. But we are not in a nightmare to be dispelled by an awakening. We are awake. These menacing forms and lurk- ing shadows are the reality of the hy- Grogen-atomic age. Should American scientists develop this power to destroy? Should American plants grind out hy- drogen bombs as they have been produc- ing the atomic bomb? What is our moral responsibility to ourselves and to the other peoples of the world? Is an alternative course possible? These are some of the questions I have been wrestling with, not academicully, or as one without responsibility, but offi- cially, as Congressman representing the Nineteenth Congressional District of California, and as a Member of the Joint Committce on Atomic Energy. Official responsibility cannot be di- vorced from personal responsibihty to oneself and to loved ones. It cannot be divorced from the ethical values and spiritual faith which are as much a part of one’s conscience and good judgment as the arm is part of the physical body. Official and personal responsibilities must be discharged. The questions must be answered. And time dictates that postponement or delay is tmpossi- ble. In fact, delay would become an ac- cessory to our enemies. A decision has been made, reluctantly, after intensive study of a wide range of factors, and after months of soul- searching by the Government officials and the scientists involved in the hy- drogen-atomic project. On January 31, 1950, President Harry Truman directcd the Atomic Energy xCVI——111 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Commission to proceed with research and development of the hydrogen bomb. The President’s decision tn favor of continued research and development of this new and terrible weapon was, in my opinion inevitable. Be assured that this decision was not lightly taken, ncither did it rest on the Judgment of one man. The President, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, and in accordance with the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, had the responsibility of evaluating the many factors invoived in the hydrogen- bomb problem. It was a matter of pri- mary concern to our Joint Chiets of Staff, representing our Army, Navy, and Air Force. It was a matter of great concern to our Department of State. And it has been a matter of equal concern to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy of the United States Congress. The President was in possession of the thinking and the advice of the official bodies concerned with this problem, and of advice from many other sources, dur- ing the months which preceded his an- nounced decision The scientific theory for the thermo- nuclear hydrogen bomb is many years old, and was in existence before the pro- duction of the atomic bomb. The de- velopment of the atomic bomb furnished one of the important factors necessary to make the hydrogen bomb possible. The produetion of the hydrogen bomb, while not a matter of absolute certainty, has now entered the realm of prob- ability. According to many prominent scientists it presents no insurmountable barriers The Russian atomic explosion which was announced September 23, 1949, con- cluded the United States monopoly of the atomic bomb, and also ended the fancied security and superiority which many Americans were hugging to their bosoms. In the face of diplomatic failures to secure adequate international agree- ments for controlling the atomic men- ace, a certain complacency based on re- lance on weapon superiority had re- mained to comfort us. It gave us an avenue of escapism down which we could travel in ostrich-like fashion, refusing, in our smueness, to realize that the prob- lem of world peace, and therefore the answer to the problem of our national security was unsolved. Although the problem remained, the necessity for its solution seemed less pressing. The Russian atomic explosion of 1949 shattered that dream of fancied security for a bricf time. It would indecd be tragic if the announced intention to de- velop a hydrogen superbomb should again restore our dream of a security based on permanent maintenance of weapon superiority. Assuming that we can and will develop a@ so-called superbomb within X period of time—we have no absolute assurance that the Soviet Union will not devclop an equally destructive superbomb in X, one-half X, or twice the period of time that X represents. In either case the re- sult might well be the same: Temporary superiority for the first successful de- veloper, followed by a fear-ridden stale- mat> when each has developed similar or lise weepans, 1757 Assuming again that both nations de- velop .uperbombs capable of destroying all life within a 109-square-mile area or more, we are not thereby canceling the use of these terrible wearons by one na- tion or the other. Factors of deliverability and vulner- ability become very important. The ability to surprise and the ability to re- taliate, the psychology of totalitarian aggression and the psychology of demo- cratic hesitation to launch an aggressive “preventive” war—all these must become factors of national policy and security. I do not profess to have absolute an- swers to the dilemma which we face. I know of no one wise enough to give to an anxious world the final answers. This I firmly believe: There is no permanent security for our people or the peorle af other nations in this mad race of atomic armament. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr, Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HOLIFIELD. I am glad to yield to our beloved and respected majority leader. Mr. McCORMACK. The distinguished gentleman from California occupies one of the most important positions of any Member of Congress or any person in the United States, by reason of his mem- bership on the Jotnt Committee on Atomic Energy. The very fact that the gentleman from California [Mr Hotr- FIELD] was appointed to that Committee by the Speaker shows the complete con- fidence that the Speaker of the House of Representatives has in him, and which I have in him, and which all of his col- leagues have in him. The gentleman ad- dressing us, together with his other col- leagues, has information of great value and of great importance to our country and of transcending importance to the world The gentleman is making a very powerful contribution not only to the Members of Congress but to the people of our country and his remarks should be construed and be evaluated in the Neht of the knowledge that he has by reason of the position of responsibility that ts his. I want to congratulate the gentleman from California not only for his service in this body but particularly as a mem- ber of the important Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. He has conducted him- self not only with ability but with dig- nity and with strength. His modesty is evidenced by the remarks he has just made that he does not know all the answers. None of us know all the an- swers. His remarks are all the more impressive and forceful because of his modesty. But one thing is certain. I have confidence in the gentleman from California [Mr. HoLiIrrztp] and I know that if anyone can make his contribu- tion toward the answer, with the knowl- edge and information he has, the gen- tleman from Cahfornia will make his marked contribution. The gentleman has said he agrees with the President in the deciston which was made only after consultation with the advice of many minds. That information of itself is a matter of great tmportance to all Of us, and particularly should be to the Amer- tcan people. It is the American way.
1758 The thought enters my mind that if such a decision was not made and some other country that might be a future enemy of ours in case of war did make the decision, what a terrible indictment it would be against all of us, not only those of this generation but of future generations if those in whom responsi- bility was vested failed to make the de- cision that would be in the national in- terest of our own country. I am glad the President made the decision he did. I am sorry the situation is such that it had to be made. I cannot see how any other decision might be made. Again, I want to congratulate the gen- tleman from California for his part and for whatever value my opinion might be worth to the people of his district. They can well be proud of him. The gentle- man had no knowledge I was going to make this observation. The people of the gentleman's district in California may well be proud of the standing and prestige of the gentleman in this body and the great contribution he is making not only toward meeting the problems that confront us throughout the world but in trying to meet the problems that confront our people from the domestic standpoint. Mr. HOLIFIELD. I thank the ma- jority leader for his comments and I shall try to continue to merit the con- fidence of the leadership and of the Members of the House. Mr. Speaker, we as a peace-loving peo- ple are caught inatrap. We desire peace for ourselves and for all people every- where. We have no dreams of imperial- ist aggression against any people in the world. Yet, in the face of our traditional desire for peace and our renouncement of dreams of empire, we are forced by circumstances, apparently beyond our control, to undertake the greatest peace- time armament program in history. What are those circumstances? Basi- cally they rest on the refusal of the So- viet Union to enter into an effective in- ternational agreement for the control of atomic energy. More than 3 years ago the representa- tive of the President, Mr. Bernard Ba- ruch, offered to share our atomic knowl- edge with other nations and to place all atomic facilities and production in the hands of an international control au- thority. No greater offer, no more states- manlike approach to the menace of atomic destruction could have been made. Only one important stipulation was laid down: The international agreement must include continuous inspection of every nation’s atomic facilities by an interna- tional inspectorate, to insure full com- pliance on the part of every nation. The U. 8. S. R. refused to submit to internal inspection at that time and at every subsequent occasion. Without continuous inspection, no agreement to control production of atomic weapons would be worth the paper upon which it was inscribed. The Soviet propaganda carefully avoids this basic requirement of continuous in- ternal inspection. This is an essential for world security in the atomic age. The Soviets, by refusing to meet the issue, cannot escape the onus of defeating the efforts of the peoples of the world who CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE are sincerely striving to establish a real and lasting peace. Because of this re- fusal of the U. 8. 8S. R. to cooperate with us in taking the only effective step to- ward world peace, we must maintain our great burden of armament. In so doing we must always keep in mind the fact that we are not buying permanent security. We are only buy- ing time. How long a period of time, we cannot judge. We cannot control either the time or the place of totali- tarian aggression. We are forced, there- fore, to maintain a constant military force—a military force ready to defend our country with the latest and best of scientific weapons, a military force ready to visit immediate and terrible retaliation on any aggressor nation. Meanwhile, during the period of time which we are buying at such great price, we should make every effort possible to establish world peace through strength- ening the United Nations. And we should make economic and military aid avail- able to every nation which will subscribe to the principles of the United Nations Charter. We must always have before us the goal of peace through friendship and strength. This investment may be our last chance. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HOLIFIELD. I yield to the dis- tinguished majority leader. Mr. McCORMACK. I was very pleased to read a statement made to the press yesterday by Secretary Acheson, which I think is of vital importance because, if I may say so, it is along the line that I have thought for a long while, and that is, that in the world today the forces of decency, those who believe in a future decent world, must have strength. Un- fortunately, as I said on the floor the other day when I made my remarks on the far-eastern bill, it is not what I would like to do, but there is only one way, so far as the Communists are con- cerned for them to command respect, that is through fear of our power, and strength constitutes power. I was very glad to read what Secretary Acheson said yesterday, and I hope it will be imple- mented in effective form. Mr. HOLIFIELD. I agree with the majority leader. I, too, admire the words spoken by Secretary of State Dean Acheson. While he has been much maligned and criticized, I still believe that he expresses the wil] of the great majority of the people of the United States, which is a will to do that which is necessary to maintain the security of our Nation. Mr. Speaker, only such aid can be given as lies within our economic power. We must be judicious in the amounts of aid given. We must be sure that such aid is given to those nations which are de- voted to the principles of freedom. We must be realistic to the point of building these nations to such economic and mili- tary strength as we deem will rally them to our side if and when the aggressor strikes. I know that the people of my district and the Nation are vitally interested in these great questions. I know that they have been terribly shocked by the hydro- gen-bomb announcement, FEBRUARY 9 Many forms of escapism will be pre- sented. The great body of American cit- izens are peace loving and devoted to re- ligious principles. We instinctively re- coil from the horror of war and the athe- istic materialism advocated by the Com- munist philosophy. Some of our people are sincere paci- fists and many are confused by the false peace propaganda of the Soviets. Some of our people refuse to consider or recognize that our former position of comparative national security is danger- ously threatened by recent scientific dis- coveries such as the supersonic airplane and atomic weapons of mass destruction. Some of our people are confused be- cause they do not have full information on these subjects which are so far re- moved from the problems of daily life. For these reasons I have made this re- port to the people of my district and the Nation. For those persons who are hon- estly and desperately seeking the solution to world peace and freedom I have en- deavored to sct down basic facts and de- velopments regarding the hydrogen-bomb controversy, as well as to state my own findings and views concerning it. In our imperfect world we are faced with the realistic situation of the refusal on the part of an important nation to cooperate in a genuine plan of interna- tional control of atomic weapons. We are faced with the certainty of further secret development of atomic or hydro- gen mass-destruction weapons behind the iron curtain. Under these undeniable facts can any citizen of the United States blindly ob- ject to our decision to maintain at least equality in this terrible ficld of mass- destruction weapons? I do not claim that a perfect answer can be found, torn as we are between our desire for peace and the necessity of self- protection. Perfect answers do not exist in an imperfect world, and decisions of this magnitude are never completely sat- isfactory. We, a peace-loving people, can only proceed according to the measure of our own judgment based on the wisdom and strength given us by God. AMERICAN JEWELED WATCH INDUSTRY Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad- dress the House for 3 minutes and to re- vise and extend my remarks, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, hearing the gentleman from California give his able address regard- ing atomic energy and the hydrogen bomb makes me think more than ever of the importance of keeping the war- time watch companies in operation. The Waltham Watch Co. is nationally and internationally known. It is known that the workers there make precision instruments that are vitally needed to- day. Why the Waltham Watch Co. did not avail itself of Government orders and the good offices of the National De- fense I do not know and will never know. It is vital to keep these precision work- ers occupied. There have been too
1950 many “might have beens” during the past few years in our national defense. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentlewoman yield? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I yield. Mr. McCORMACK. I think the gen- tlewoman from Massachusetts is aware of a letter that Hubert E. Howard, Chair- man of the Munitions Board, addressed today to Harley Hise, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Reconstruc- tion Finance Corporation, showing the importance of the American jewel watch industry in time of emergency. This letter was delivered to our colleague, the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. DonoHUE]. May I suggest to the gen- tlewoman that because of the importance of this letter it be made a part of her remarks? Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. It would be fine, but I am wondering if the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. DONOHUE] would not like to have it placed in the Record as a part of his own remarks. I think that would be better. Mr. McCORMACK. Then, Mr. Speak- er, I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman from Massachusetts IMr. DoNnoHvE] be permitted to include in the Recorp at the termination of the re- marks of the gentlewoman from Massa- chusetts a letter from Hubert E. Howard, Chairman of the Munitions Board, to Harley Hise, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. The rather dreadful thing to me is that months ago there was known the im- portance of keeping these precision work- ers at work, yet the doors are closed to- day. Over 600 workers in my own dis- trict are out of work, walking the streets. Many of them may be forced to go away from Waltham to seek work elsewhere. The RFC has loaned over $100,000,000 to Lustron and $100,000,000 to Kaiser- Frazer. I ask you if it is not much more important to keep these precision work- ers at work on precision instruments than to lend money to the automobile industry. The precision workers are more vital in the national-defense pic- ture than the automobiles or the Lustron Co. Why was the Waltham Watch Co. discriminated against? The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tlewoman from Massachusetts has ex- pired. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the gentle- woman from Massachusetts {[Mrs. Roc- ERS] may proceed for two additional minutes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts? There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, today I saw an advertisement in the Philadelphia paper, a huge one-page advertisement, of all kinds of watches from Switzerland to be sold for $11. I ask you, How can our labor compete with the labor in foreign countries? Why CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE something is not done by the adminis- tration or by the State Department to stop the influx of Swiss watches to this country, which is ruining our watch in- dustry, is something I cannot under- stand. Why favor foreign industries over and above our own. There are only three watch companies remaining to us now, I believe, in the United States. That is un-American. They will go out of business if this influx of watches continues. You will lose these precision workers also. The State Department should act. Since the Wal- tham Watch Co. could not compete, cer- tainly they should have been given Gov- ernment orders. My belief is that they would have been given those orders, but they were not properly sought for. If they had been properly sought, or the administration had helped, they would have been granted. Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, under permission previously granted, I submit the following letter for printing in the RECORD: MunNITIoNns Boarp, Washington, D.C., February 9, 1950. Mr Harwiey Hisg, Chairman, Board of Directors, Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Dear Mr. Hise: The Munitions Board has heretofore expressed to you the position and importance of the American jewel-watch in- dustry as a resource for national defense. You were informed that there are approxi- mately 8,000 highly skilled workers in the industry and that the acquiring of the de- gree of skill requires from 2 to 10 years of intensive training The essentiality of the maintenance of this nucleus as a basis for expansion in times of mobilization is apparent. The Waltham, Hamilton, and Elgin Watch Cos. employed 100 percent of their capacity in Government work from December 1941 to August 1945, manufacturing such items as aircraft instruments, chronometers, fire-con- trol watches, time fuzes, ctc It 1s considered that the maintenance of at least a minimum level of operation by the Waltham, Hamilton, and Elgin Watch Cos. is vital to the defense of the United States and should be preserved The above information is provided again for your consideration of the application of the Waltham Watch Co. for financial assistance. Sincerely yours, Hupert E Howarp, Chairman, LEAVE OF ABSENCE By unanimous consent, leave of ab- sence was granted as follows: To Mr. WILLIAMS (at the request of Mr. Coitmenr), for an indefinite period, on account of serious illness in the family. To Mr. Kirwan (at the request of Mr. MANSFIELD), for an indefinite period, on account of illness. To Mr. GoLpEn (at the request of Mr. Gross), for an indefinite period, on ac- count of serious illness in the family. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED Mrs. NORTON, from the Committee on House Administration, reported that that committee had examined and found truly enrolled a bill of the House of the following title, which was thereupon signed by the Speaker: H.R. 587, An act for the relief of the estate of Dick Walook, Alfred -L. Woods, and Ed- ward Kimoktoak, 1759 The SPEAKER announced his signa- ture to enrolled bills and a joint resolu- tion of the Senate of the following titles: 8.570. An act for the relief of Donald Francis Wterda; 8.736. An act for the reimbursement of Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging Co.; 8.753. An act for the relief of Sisters An- toinette Comett!, Mary Gibin, Angela Pelosin, Emma Ghisleni, Elisabetta De Caterin, and Onorina Franzina; 8.777. An act for the relief of Calvin D. Lynch & Son; W. Thomas Lockerman; Sud- lersville Supply Co; George C. Moore and H A. Moore; J. McKenny Willis & Son, Inc, Hobbs & Jarman; C. 8S, Thomas; and Royse R. Spring; 8.1003. An act for the relief of Emory T. Wales; 5 1019. An act conferring jurisdiction up- on the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington to hear, de- term.ne, and render judgment upon any claim arising out of personal injuries sus- tained by Carl J. Freund and Pauline H. Freund, his wife, of Scattle, Wash.; 8.1048. An act for the relief of Saul Phillips; S 1054 An act for the rellfef of North- west Missour! Fair Association, of Bethany, Harrison County, Mo.; S.1088 An act for the relief of Milton Buechler; S. 1096. An act for the relief of Abe Lincoln and Elena B. Lincoln; S.1166. An act for the relief of Toriko Tateuchi; 8. 1353. An act for the relief of G. H. Laz- arus, Jr., and Jesse F. Bewley; 8.1446. An act for the relief of James Hung Loo; 5.1534 An act for the relief of Harry Comber; 8.1702. An act for the relief of Riyoko Sato; 8.1801. An act for the relief of Mrs. Effie §. Campbell; 8 1915. An act for the relief of Viktor A. Eravchenko; S 1924. An act for the relief of the estate of William \ulter See, §.2031. An act for the relief of Willow River Power Co.; S.2100. An act for the rellef of Penelope Corolyn Cox; 8.2114. An act for the rellef of Mitsue Shi- geno; 8.2119. An act for the relief of the Alamo Irrigation Co.; and 8 J.Res.105. Joint resolution to provide unrestricted entry privileges for Sister Eliza- beth Kenny. ADJOURNMENT Mr, O'NEILL. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now adjourn. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 4 o’clock and 57 minutes p. m.), under its previous order, the House adjourned until Monday, February 13, 1950, at 12 o’clock noon. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive communications were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: 1221. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting the Annual Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the State of the Finances, for the fiscal year ended June 80, 1949 (H. Doc. No. 391); to the Committee on Ways and Means, and ordered to be printed, with illustrations, 1222. A letter from the Administrator, Federal Security Agency, transmitting the Annual Report of the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1949; to the Committee on Education and Labor.
1760 1223. A letter from the Chairman, United States Maritime Commission, transmitting report No. 17 pursuant to section 217 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, as amended (Public Law 408, 77th Cong); to the Com- mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of committees were delivered to the Clerk for printing and reference to the proper calendar, as follows: Mr. BRYSON: Committee on the Judiciary. BS. 2328 An act to increase the number of examiners in chief in the Patent Office, and for other purposes; with an amendment (Rept. No 1617). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. KEE: Committee on Foreign Affairs. House Resolution 452. Resolution request- ing the State Department to furnish full and complete answers to certain questions relating to the foreign policy of the United Btates in the Far East; without amendment (Rept. No. 1618). Ordered to be printed. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. BENNETT of Florida: H. R. 7233. A bill to authorize the Federal Communications Commission to delay the communication of betting odds on, and re- sults of, horse and dog races under certain circumstances; to the Committee on Inter- state and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. DAVIES of New York: H.R. 7234. A bill to amend the Agricul. tural Act of 1949 so as to authorize the Commodity Credit Corporation to make available again to egg producers at such prices as may be necessary to establish an equitable egg-feed ratio; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. ELLIOTT: H.R. 7235. A bill to extend, under certain conditions, the period for initiating a medi- cal or dental course under the Servicemen’'s Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. HAGEN: H.R 7236. A bill to amend Public Law 439, Eighty-first Congress, cited as the “Agri- cultural Act of 1949"; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. HAND (by request) : H.R. 7237. A bill to amend the Agricultural Act of 1949 so as to authorize the Commodity Credit Corporation to sell grain to egg pro- ducers at such prices as may be necessary to establish an equitable egg-feed ratio; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. HOEVEN: H.R. 7238. A bill to amend Public Law 439, Eighty-first Congress, cited as the “Agri- cultural Act of 1949"; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. HOWELL: H.R. 7239. A bill to amend the Agricultural Act of 1949 so as to authorize the Com- modity Credit Corporation to sell grain to egg producers at such prices as may be necessary to establish an equitable egg-feed ratio; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. WALSH: H.R. 7240. A bill to amend sections 12 and 14 of an act entitled “An act to regulate barbers in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes," approved June 7, 1938 (sec. Q-1112-1114 D. C. Code, 1940 ed.); to the Committee on the District of Columbia. By Mr HARRIS: H R 7241. A bill to authorize the con- struction, protection, operation, and mainte- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE nance of a public airport in or in the vicinity of the District of Columbia; to the Com- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: H.R 7242, A bill to amend the Agricultural Act of 1949 so as to authorize the Commodity Credit Corporation to sell grain to egg pro- ducers at such prices as may be necessary to establish an equitable egg-feed ratio, to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr KENNEDY: H.R, 7243. A bill to authorize the attend- ance of the United States Marine Band at a celebration commemorating the one hun- dred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, to be held at Boston, Mass., June 16-17, 1950; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mr. LESINSKI: H. R. 7244. A bill to amend the act of June 30, 1945 (Public Law 106, 79th Cong.), as amended, to provide true time and one-half for overtime and true double time for Sun- day and holiday duty, and for other pur- poses; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. STOCKMAN: H R.7245. A bill to amend the Agricul- tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, to establish a two-price plan for wheat; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. VINSON: H.R 7246. A bill to amend the Career Com- pensation Act of 1949 so as to equalize credits for service in the armed forces for pay and longevity purposes; to the Committee on Armed Services. By Mrs. WOODHOUSE; H.R. 7247. A bill to amend the Agricultural Act of 1949 so as to authorize the Commodity Credit Corporation to sell grain to egg pro- ducers at such prices as may be necessary to establish an equitable egg-feed ratio, to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. DONOHUE: H.R. 7248 A bill to authorize the Recon- struction Finance Corporation to extend financial assistance to business enterprises for purposes advantageous to the national defense, to the Committee on Banking and Currency By Mr. BURTON: H R 7249. A bill to amend the War Claims Act of 1948 to compensate members of the military and naval forces of the United States for losses sustained as a result of Japanese sequestration of bank accounts in the Philippine Islands; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. CHUDOFF: H J. Res. 417. Joint resolution designating the 3d day of February in each year as “Dorchester Day”, to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HESELTON: H. Res. 466. Resolution to direct the Com- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to recommend a national fuel policy; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. HAND: YW. Res 467. Resolution to authorize the Committee on Ways and Means to investigate and study the desirability and feasibility of a national retirement system; to the Com- mittee on Rules. H. Rer. 468. Resolution to provide funds for the expenses of the investigation and study authorized by House Resolution 467; to the Committee on House Administration, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. KEAN: H.R. 7250. A bill conferring jurisdiction upon the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claim of the Bolinross Chemical Co., Inc.; to the Commit- tee on the Judiciary. FEBRUARY 10 By Mr. KING: H.R. 7251. A bill for the relief of Ethel Cristeta Berner; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MILLER of California: H.R. 72652. A bill for the relief of Berntece Josephine Lazaga; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. MURDOCK: H.R. 7253 A bill for the relief of Charles Wilson Roland and Mirtie L. Roland: to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. HARDIE SCOTT: H.R. 7254. A bill for the relief of Mrs, Bernard Smith; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. WHITAKER: H.R.7255 A bill to provide for the con- veyance of certain real property in Hopkins County, Ky., to the estate of James D. Meadors; to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. By Mr. YATES: HR 7256. A bill for the relief of Mieko Nishitsuru; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid on the Clerk’s desk and referred as follows: 1827. By Mr. FORAND: Resolution passed at a meeting of Little Rhody Chapter, Re- serve Officers Association of the United States, requesting that a grace period of 3 years be given individual officers assigned to com- bat units after reaching age in grade before transfer to the Inactive Reserve and that there shall be no age limitations for Re- serve officers in noncombat assignments; to the Committee on Armed Services. 1828. By Mr GOODWIN: Memorial of the Massachusetts Legislature, asking Congress to withhold recognition of the Communist government in China; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 1829. Also, memorial of the Massachusetts Legislature, asking Congress to enact legis- lation repealing the wartime excise taxes; to the Committee on Ways and Means. 1830. By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: Petition of the Board of Trade of Concord, Mass., against any form of compulsory health insurance or any system of political medicine designed for national bureaucratic control; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. SENATE Fripay, Fepruary 10, 1950 (Legislative day of Wednesday, January ¢, 1950) The Senate met at 12 o’clock meridian, on the expiration of the recess. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D. D., offered the following prayer: God of our fathers, above all the com- motion and confusion of the busy pres- ent with its bewildering demands, we would now turn aside to seek the quiet- ness of Thy presence. In the secret of Thy pavilion we take refuge from the strife of tongues. By tasks too difficult for us we are driven unto Thee for strength to endure and for wisdom to rightly interpret the signs of these trying times. In the unknown days of peril and of challenge which loom ahead, give us spirits that are calm and confident, a trust in spiritual verities that nothing
1950 can shake and an assurance of the pro- tecting shadow of Thy unfailing love. In the dear Redeemer’s name, Amen. THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. Lucas, and by unan- imous consent, the reading of the Jour- nal of the proceedings of Thursday, February 9, 1950, was dispensed with. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Messages in writing from the Presi- dent of the United States submitting nominations were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre- taries. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had passed the bill (S. 2319) to promote world peace and the general welfare, national interest, and foreign policy of the United States by providing aid to the Republic of Korea, with amend- ments, in which it requested the concur- rence of the Senate. The message also announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R. 7207) making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. CALL OF THE ROLL Mr. LUCAS. I suggest the absence of &@ quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for a quorum call be rescinded and that fur- ther proceedings under the call be sus- pended. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- Jection, it is so ordered. LEAVE OF ABSENCE On his own request, and by unanimous consent, Mr. FLANDERS was excused from attendance on the sessions of the Senate for the week beginning February 13. On his own request, and by unanimous consent, Mr. HICKENLOOPER Was excUsed from attendance on sessions of the Sen- ate for the week beginning February 13. TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Senators be per- mitted to submit petitions and memo- rials, introduce bills and joint resolutions, and present routine matters for the Rrec- ORD and the Appendix of the Recorp, without debate and without speeches. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- jection, it is so ordered. RESOLUTIONS OF TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE NEGRO FARMERS CONFERENCE AND EDITORIAL FROM BIRMINGHAM (ALA.) NEWS-AGE-HERALD Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, I pre- sent for appropriate reference, and ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Recorp, a set of resolutions adopted by the Fifty-ninth Annual Tuskegee Insti- tute Negro Farmers Conference, on Jan- uary 18, 1950, together with an editorial CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE from the Birmingham News-Age-Herald of January 29, 1950, entitled “Better Negro Farmers.” There being no objection, the resolu- tions and editorial were referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed in the Recorp, as follows: RESOLUTIONS OF THE FrrTy-NINTH ANNUAL Tusxecer Inetrrurs Necro Fagmers Con- FERENCE, JANUARY 18, 1950 The history of the Tuskegee Farmers Con- ference is a record of over a half century’s progress toward better farming and better living. Each year, for the past 59 years, the conference has pointed up the most urgent needs of the farmer and his family. From the beginning, farm ownership has claimed major emphasis. Better housing, more wholesome family living, and improved educational and health standards have also been emphasized. In fact, the Tuskegee Farmers Conference has worked earnestly to engender a wholesome respect for the Amer- ican standard of Mving among those whom it seeks to serve. During the past 50 years the Tuskegee conference has helped bring into reality many programs vitally affecting conditions in the South. The Agricultural Extension Service, more adequate private and public agencies for farm credit, and improved tech- niques in soil conservation are but a few of such programs. We highly endorse this year’s Farm and Home Week and !ts emphasis upon im- proved farm and home practices. We take the same view of the Tuskegee Institute Conference To Study Programs and Objec- tives of State and Federal Agricultural Agencies which met here January 16 and 17. It is believed that such a conference could well become an annual event. We note with extreme sorrow the passing of Mr. Albon L. Holsey, Tuskegee Institute offictal and former United States Department of Agriculture employee. His death on Janu- ary 16 brought to close 36 years of service to Tuskegee and the farmers conference. In order that farmers and their families may increasingly share tn a more abundant life, we point out the following problems and offer these recommendations: ECONOMIC TRENDS AFFECTING RURAL PEOPLE The traditional pattern of farming in the cotton South is rapidly changing. The tend- ency is toward fewer and larger farms, in- creased livestock production and wider use of farm machinery with the result that small] farmers are being disadvantaged and share tenants and farm laborers are being displaced at a rapid rate. We, therefore, recommend that Negro family-sized farms make full use of private and public financing agenctes to enlarge and improve their farm holdings where needed and that they follow approved practices to expand production of livestock, These farm- ers are further urged to purchase and oper- ate more farm machinery individually and cooperatively. We also urge the farmers with small acreages to use all available facilities in shifting to intensified farming or seek off-farm employment where possible. For those farm people who will be displaced by this changing pattern we urge appro- priate agencies to study ways by which they can be trained and employed in agricultural agencies and industry. This wil) require fur- ther industrialization of the South. We recommend that the Federal, State, and local government encourage the estab- lishment of such industries as may be needed and we endorse proposed legislation now pending directed toward this goal. Because of the changes in agriculture, now under way, we urge county agents, agricultural teachers, ministers, and rural leaders to keep them- selves abreast of trends and developments. 1761 COTTON -ACREACE ALLOTMENTS On December 15, the farmers of the Cotton Belt voted for cotton-marketing quotas and acreage allotments. However, the 23 percent acreage cut has proved too drastic as a first step in reducing the cotton acreage. Indica- tions are that the Allotment Act, Public Law 272, will be amended. We recommend that safeguards against re- ducing the acreages of small farmers below @ definite minimum be retained in any re- vision of the present law. We further urge that safeguards be written into the law which will protect tenants and croppers as far as possible against displacement, and provide training and placement aid for those who are displaced. NEGRO REPRESENTATION AND EMPLOYMENT Negroes cannot make their fullest con- tribution to society through token repre- sentation and special appointments. It is through equitable distribution of employ- ment opportunities on all levels that a citt- zen can better fulfill his obligations to, and enjoy the privileges of the American way of life. That these high purposes may be more fully realized we recommend: 1. Negro representation on all policy-mak- ing bodies, fund-appropriating and approving committees in Agriculture, Education, Health, Welfare, and related agencies where public funds are involved. 2. We commend those agencies that have @iven qualified Negro personnel broader job opportunities. Special commendation in this regard is due the Agricultural Extension Service for increasing personnel in field post- tions; to Farmers Home Administration for maintaining personnel on a national level; to Vocational Agriculture and Home Eco- nomics in maintaining a high level of em- ployment in field positions, and to Soil Con- servation Service for continuing the services of technicians on several levels. We urge a further expansion of employment in these and other related agencies. 8. We recommend that greater numbers of qualified Negro personnel be hired in all public-service agencies and divisions of these agencies on county, State, regional, and na- tional levels, including all areas of agricul- ture, public health, and welfare services. 4 We recommend that those areas of greatest need affecting the greatest number of people be given immediate attention, such as the appointment of Negro specialists on State extension staffs, county personnel in Farmers Home Administration, technicians, planners, and aides in Soll Conservation Service, State representatives in the Farm Credit and Rural Electrification Administra- tions, Conservation Service, and Public Health Workers in all categories, 5. We deplore efforts on the part of any Federal or State agency to create irregular job titles and job descriptions that result in salary, performance, and promotion dif- ferentials based on race. We note with alarm the increasing practice of reducing Negro county agents to the status of assistants. 6. We heartily endorse the present trend toward construction of county buildings that provide office space and other conveniences for all agricultural workers. We urge that equal facilities in such buildings be pro- vided Negro workers, We endorse H. R. bill 402 authorizing this program. 7. We urgently recommend that Negro leadership, particularly in rural areas, will individually and collectively seek to create employment opportunities in public service for qualified Negro personnel. We feel this can best be done by making the needs of the Negro community known to proper au- thorities and by continually urging that Ne- groes be given wider opportunities for service. 8. We recommend that parents, teachers, ministers, in cooperation with educational and vocational guidance institutions teach Negro youth the tmportance of adequately preparing themselves ‘for employment in
1762 order to meet competition and overcome ob- stacles preventing their full participation in public life. 9. We further recommend that the Civil Service System be carefully and constantly studied by public schools and colleges with a view toward alerting aspirants for local, State, regional, and national jobs in order that no opportunities for employment may be lost or overlooked because of a lack of infoimation, BROAD SCALE FARM POLICY We endorse legislative proposals which provide for spreading the benefits of support- price programs to consumers as well as to farm producers. We further endorse legis- lation encouraging balanced farming and diversification in the South, and also we favor long-range legislative policy atmed at party income for farm people rather than parity prices. RESEARCH Negro youth today are missing a vital part of their college training due to a lack of research opportunities. This conference, therefore, goes on record as recommending that public funds be set up to provide ade- quate experiment facilities and research projects at all Negro land-grant colleges. THE SEVENTEENTH DECENNIAL CENSUS The economic and social significance of the Seventeenth Decennial Census, which will begin April 1, 1950, is of vital concern. Important changes in congressional repre- sentation in some States will result. The importance of giving accurate census figures cannot be overemphasized. This conference urges rural leadership in all areas of work to assist farm people in making a complete and accurate census report. THE PRESS In recent years, the Negro press has de- voted more space to agricultural news We commend the press for recognizing its re- sponsibility in this important area and urge all agricultural agencies and workers to make more news availuble to this valuable me- dium. An increasing tendency of the dally press to recognize and publicize achieve- ments of Negro farmers is highly com- mended EDUCATION This conference endorses all programs of educational betterment which seek to equal- ize training and facilities for American youth regardless of race, color, or creed. It recommends further that specific attention be given to three major ureus of training, namely: (1) Training o. specialists to serve in agricultural and home economics services; (2) preservice and in-service training of public employe2s, and (3) technicul training in more of the occupations which have to do with producing, processing, and distributing agricultural commodities, This conference likewise calls for the proper enforcement of compulsory school laws, Too many violations are yet practiced by both parents and employers. The conference further urges rural lead- ership to encourage and assist Negro farm people to look after their own business, They need to be taught: (1) To deposit their money in banks; (2) to avoid entering into false contracts; (3) how to properly draw up and record property deeds; and (4) how to make legitimate wills. THE FARM HOME The future of our Natlon depends very largely upon the type of rural homes that we develop. Homes should be more than mere shelters. They should provide families with an environment sultable for the development of wholesome ideals, attitudes, habits, and ambitions. The good rural home should differ from the good urban nome only in its location. This conference, therefore, recom- mends that farm people make every effort to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE take advantage of all public and private agencies set up to improve rural housing. It calls attention to the Tuskegee low-cash- cost housing program and urges its adoption wherever possible. We commend the Con- gress and Administrator, Dillard B. Lasseter, upon the 1949 Housing Act which provides aid for the improvement of farm housing. This act is now being administered by the Farmers Home Administration. We urge that agency to guard against !n- equitable distribution of rural housing loans. THE RURAL CHURCH Because of the many changes which are occurring in our rural communities, there is urgent need for the churches to take a larger part in solving economic and welfare prob- lems. We commend the churches for such steps as they have already taken in this direction. However, we recognize the need for more full- time resident ministers to work with the rulal people The churches need to join hands with other agencies at work for good in the community and to encourage thrift, brother- hood, and clean, wholesome living. HEALTH This conference commends the great prog- ress that has been made in the health condi- tions of the Negro people and urges con- tinued cooperation in the year-round pro- gram of the national-health program to the extent that health education shall become community-wide through the participation of schuol teachers, school children, families, churches, and all civic groups. In addition, it recommends 1. That greater efforts bc made by public and private agencies to further reduce ma- ternal and infant mortality and deaths from preventable and curable diseases. 2 We nre gratified to note the construction of rural hospitals through State and Federal funds in many States that provide facilities for Negroes We urge that such legislation be expanded to more fully meet the nceds of all the people. We recommend that Negro doctors and nurses be included as regular staff members of such institutions. 3. That a more active program for train- ing physicians, dentists, and professional nurses for rural] service be established. 4. That more public jobs in health service be opened to Negroes. 5 That more emphasis be placed on food habits and diet and their role in promoting better and happier living 6. That sanitation in homes, in churches, in schools, and in all public places be related to the general health program of the com- munity VETERANS Many of the problems that faced veterans of World War II at the close of hostilities are still in need of solution. This conference urges the continued support of all agencies designed to assist veterans in finding em- ployment, obtaining adequate housing, op- portunities on the farm, in-service training programs, and other essential services neces- sary to their welfare. CITIZENSHIP We recommend that teachers, ministers, parents, and all workers with rural people stress the value of good citizenship in a de- mocracy and begin early to instruct the young in their obligations and privileges as good citizens. We also recommend that all citizens, young and old, qualify to vote and use their ballots to help elect men of char- acter and training, who will consider the interests of all of the people in carrying out their official duties. Committee on Resolutions: Charles E. Trout, Chairman; T. M. Campbell; Mrs. Jessie P. Guzman; the Rev- erend E. T. Dixon; Ernest E Neal; Joseph Bradford; Frank Jacobs; W. M. Maffett; Sherman Briscoe; Miss Patsy Graves. FEBRUARY 10 {From the Birmingham News-Age-Herald of January 29, 1950] Betrrr NEGRO FARMERS Thomas M. Campbell is an extension field agent of the United States Department of Agriculture. Although his territory is the whole lower South from Florida to Oklahoma, he works out ot Tuskegee Institute. He was the first Negro farm-demonstration agent in the United States, he has been on the job for 44 years. Only city folks have to be told who Tom Campbell is. His name is known all over the rural South to both white and Negro farmers, for he has done a tremendous serv- ice to the agriculturists of his race At the beginning of this year he joined with another Negro field agent, John W. Mitchell (who has been on the job since 1917), in a look-ahead statement of what is in store for the Negro farmer in the South. “Things are not likely to be very bad.” says Tom Campbell, “and yet they may not be too good” What he meant by that somewhat enig- matical statement this release, sent out from the United States Department of Agriculture in Washington, makes clear “Cotton,” says the statement, “is not now the only cash crop; indeed, for many fam- ilies it is not the main cash ciop There has been much diversified farming: tobacco, peanuts, truck crops, timber, beef and dairy cattle, and poultry. But Negro farmers this year will have to look forward to a declin- ing income level because price supports are no longer mandatory for many farm prod- ucts But,” says Campbell, ‘‘because so many farmers made better incomes during the war and postwar years than they ever had before, a lot of them got out of debt and the price declines will not affect them disas- trously.” Negro farmers are getting to be better farmers all the time. In many cases they are mechanizing their activities. Campbell estimates that 50,000 Negro farmers in the southern States now own tractors. The change from a cotton economy to another type is of value to the farmers, for with more livestock produced they are also producing more crops such as corn, wheut, and rye. Mr. Campbell points out a great need for construction work in rural areas. Almost every Negro home in the South needs some sort of repairs; many of them ought to be abandoned. A vast number of homes do not as yet have toilet facilities, and some fam- ilies have to walk a quarter of a mile to get water. These facts are distressing to contemplate It is to be presumed that tho provisions of the public housing bill passed by Congress last summer may be of consid- erable help in improving Negro residential property on southern farms. The most hopeful sign of all is that the new generation coming on 1s better educated in every way than its predecessors. Negro schools are better than they were one, two, three, or more decades ago. There is now probably no family in the South in which there 1s not at least one member able to read, write, and keep simple accounts. These Negro youths are being encouraged by their families, their schools, their pastors, their farm agents, and their white friends to learn methods of scientific agriculture by which they can raise the cash income of their families. There are, for example, about 350,000 colored 4-H Club members now In the South. The Government is helping, too. When Campbell began work in 1906 he was the only Negro agent in the entire country. Now there are more than 800 of them. How en- couraging it must be for Tom Campbell now to look about the South and to observe the fruits of his own labor and that of others he has trained or championed.
1950 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Mr. MAYBANK, from the Committee on Banking and Currency, to which was referred the bill (8. 2822) to amend the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (U.S, C., title 12, sec. 264), reported it with amend- ments arid submitted a report (No. 1269) thereon. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, to which was referred the bill (8. 456) to authorize the construction, protection, operation, and maintenance of a public airport in or in the vicinity of the District of Columbia, reported it with amendments and submitted a re- port (No. 1270) thereon. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED As in executive session, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations, which were referred to the appropriate committees. (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate procecdings.) HOUSE BILL REFERRED The bill (H. R. 7207) making appro- priations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Appropria- tions. CHANGES OF REFERENCE Mr. THOMAS of Utah. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Com- mittee on Labor and Public Welfare be discharged from the further considera- tion of the bills (S. 2639) to raise the limit placed on the monthly disability compensation payable to veterans suf- fering from  service-connected quad- raplegia, and (S. 2924) to estabhsh for individuals who served in the armed forces during World War II a presump- tion of service-connected disability in the case of tuberculosis existing within 3 years after discharge from such forces, and that they be referred to the Com- mittee on Finance. The first of these bills, S. 2639, deals with the amount of compensation to be paid veterans suffering from service- connected quadraplegia; the other, S. 2924, deals with the question of presum- ing a service-connected disability in the case of certain veterans suffering from tuberculosis. The subject matter covered by these bills is clearly within the jurisdiction of the Senate Committee on Finance, and I ask that both bills be referred to that committee for proper consideration. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection to the request of the Senator from Utah? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. ASSISTANCE TO CERTAIN AREAS OF CHINA AND AID TO KOREA The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amendments of the House of Representatives to the bill (S, 2319) to promote world peace and the general welfare, national interest, and foreign policy of the United States by providing aid to the Republic of Korea, which were, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: That this act be cited as the “Far Eastern Economic Assistance Act of 1960.” Suc. 2. To enable the President until June 80, 1950, to obligate funds heretofore ap- propriated for assistance in certain areas of China, section 12 of Public Law 47, Eighty- first Congress, is amended by striking out “February 15, 1950” and inserting in lieu thereof “June 30, 1950.” Szc. 8. (a) The Administrator for Eco- nomic Cooperation 1s hereby authorized to furnish assistance to the Republic of Korea in conformity with— (1) the provisions of the Economic Co- operation Act of 1649, as amended, wherever such provisions are applicable and not in- consistent with the intent and purposes of this section 3, and (2) the agreement on aid between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea signed December 10, 1948, or any supplementary or succeeding agreement which shall not substantially alter the basic obligations of either party. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the Administrator shall tm- mediately terminate aid under this section in the event of the formation in the Re- public of Korea of a coalition government which includes o1e or more members of the Communist Party or of the party now in con- trol of the government of northern Korea. (c) Nothwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the Administrator is au- thorized to muke available to the Republic of Korea merchant vessels of tonnage not in excess of 2,500 gross tons each, In a number not to exceed ten at any one time, with a stipulation that such vessels shall be operated only in east Asian waters and must be re- turned forthwith upon demand of the Ad- ministrator and in any event not later than June 30, 1951. Any agency of the United States Government owning or operating any such vessel is authorized to make such vessel available to the Administrator for the pur- poses of this section upon his application, notwithstanding the provisions of any other law and without reimbursement by the Ad- ministrator, and title to any such vessel so supplied shall remain in the United States Government. (ad) In order to carry out the provisions of this section 3, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated to the President, in addition to sums already appropriated, not to exceed $60,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1950. (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, until such time as an approprina- tion shall be made pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation ts authorized and di- rected to make advances not to exceed in the ageregate $30,000,000 to carry out the provi- sions Of this section, in such manner, at such times, and in such amounts as the Adminis- trator shall request, and no interest shall be charged on advances made by the Treasury to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for this purpose. The Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation shall be repaid without interest for advances made by it hereunder, from funds made available for the purposes of this section 3. Sec. 4 The authorization for appropria- tions in this act Is limited to the period end- ing June 80, 1950, in order that any subse- quent authorizations may be separately passed on, and 1s not to be construed as an express or implied commitment to provide further authorizations or appropriations. And to amend the title so as to read: “An act to provide economic assistance to certain areas of the Far East.” Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I move that the S-nate concur in the 1763 House amendments. The matter has been worked out in a manner which is satisfactory to both the proponents of the Senate bill and the House of Repre- sentatives. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Mr. KNOWLAND. As I understand, the House amendment extends the period from February 15 to June 30, which is the end of the fiscal year, both for the China Aid Act and the Korea Aid Act. The original Senate bill, S. 2319, having been passed by the Senate, went to the House; the House made some amendments rela- tive to the Korean situation, but the China aid provisions are practically identical with those in Senate bill 2845 reported from the Senate Foreign Rela- tions Committee, and which is now the unfinished business. Is that correct? Mr. CONNALLY. That is correct. The time is extended as proposed in the Senate bill The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques- tion is on agreeing to the motion of the Senator from Texas. The motion was agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- jection, Senate bill 2845 to enable the President to obligate funds heretofore appropriated for assistance in certain areas in China until June 30, 1950, will be indefinitely postponed. TAXES ON DISTILLED SPIRITS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the pend- ing business, as I understand the parla- mentary situation, is now Senate bill 75, authorizing the construction, operation, and maintenance of a dam and its inci- dental works in the main stream of the Colorado River at Bridge Canyon, to- gether with certain appurtenant dams and canals, and for other purposes. I ask unanimous consent that Senate bill 75 be temporarily laid aside, and that the Senate proceed to the consideration of House bill 5486, Calendar No 1220. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be stated by title. The LEcIsLaTIvE CLERK. A bill (H. R. 5486) to amend certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code to permit the use of additional means, including stamp machines, for payment of tax on distilled spirits, modify loss allowances for dis- tilled spirits, for the transfer and re- distillation of spirits, and for other pur- poses. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- Jection to temporarily laying aside Sen- ate bill 75 and to the present considera- tion of House bill 5486? There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 5486) to amend certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code to permit the use of additional means, including stamp machines, for payment of tax on distilled spirits, modify loss allowances for dls- tilled spirits, for the transfcr and redis- tiation of spirits, and for other pur- poses. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, this is a bill which has been unanimously re- ported by the Committee on Finance. That committee is now holding hearings on House bill 6000, dealing with various phases of additional coverage under
1764 social security, and the distinguished chairman of the committee (Mr. Grorer] cannot now be present. House bill 5486 is similar to a bill that was passed last year by the Congress dealing with the use of stamp machines for the payment of taxes upon beer and wines and other types of liquors. This bill deals spe- cifically with stamp machines for pay- ment of taxes on distilled spirits. The report speaks for itself. In view of the fact that the Congress has previously considered legislation which is on all- fours with the bill which is now before the Senate, I presume there will be no serious objection to its passage. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. LUCAS. I yield. Mr. KNOWLAND. I understand that this is one of the bills which the Senator announced several days ago would be taken up at approximately this time, and that the bill was unanimously reported from the Senate Committee on Finance. Mr. LUCAS. The Senator from Cali- fornia is correct. The bill is one of those with respect to which there was an agree- ment with the distinguished minority leader of the Senate, the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY], and other Sen- ators on the other side of the aisle. Ap- parently there are no complications which would raise any serious objection to the consideration and passage of the bill. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill is before the Senate and open to amend- ment. If there be no amendment to be proposed, the question is on the third reading and passage of the bill The bill (H. R. 5486) was ordered to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. SUGAR QUOTAS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate pro- ceed to the consideration of Senate bill 501, Calendar No. 1139. The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will be stated by title for the information of the Senate. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. 501) repealing section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- Jection to the present consideration of the bill? There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to consider the bill Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, this bill was objected to by the Senators from Massachusetts {Mr. Lopce and Mr. SaLToNSTALL] when it was called on the calendar. It is my understanding that they have withdrawn their objections, It is in the category of the bills referred to by the distinguished Senator from Cali- fornia {Mr, KNOWLAND] a moment ago. It was reported unanimously from the Committee on Finance. It deals with the repeal of section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948. Section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948 authorizes the Secretary of Agricul- ture to reduce the amount of sugar which may be allocated to a nation ex- porting sugar to the United States under the Sugar Act if the Secretary finds that that nation denies fair and equitable CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE treatment to the nationals of the United States, its commerce, navigation, and in- dustry. This particularly affects the sugar companies in South American and Central American countries with which we are constantly dealing. Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question? Mr. LUCAS. TI yield to the Senator from Florida. Mr. HOLLAND. I should like to ask the majority leader if the section which will be repealed in the event this bill is passed is the section in the current Sug- ar Control Act which allows to the sugar control authorities the right to affect harm{ully the quota of our neighboring nations, particularly Cuba, in the event that private obligations owed by nation- als of Cuba to citizens of the United States are not satisfactorily discharged. Mr. LUCAS. I think the Senator is correct in his interpretation of the re- peal of section 202 (e). Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a further question? Mr. LUCAS _I yield. Mr. HOLLAND. Is the junior Senator from Florida correct in his understand- ing that the removal of this section will allow the sugar situation to stand solely upon its own bottom, in connection with the needs for sugar and the relative merits of the producing areas, both with- in the Nation and offshore, without in- jecting the question of performance by nationals of another country of their ob- ligations to nationals of this country? Mr. LUCAS. The Senator is abso- lutely correct. That is my understand- ing of the bill, which was reported unanimously by the committee. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Dill is open to amendment. If there be no amendment to be proposed, the question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed, as foliows. Be it enacted, ete, That section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948 is hereby repealed. CONSIDERATION OF EXECUTIVE NOMINATIONS Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, as in (x- ecutive session, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the consider- ation of nominations on the Executive Calendar. The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob- jection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The clerk will state the nominations on the Executive Calendar. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Hal P. Demuth to be an ensign in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- Jection, the nomination is confirmed. The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Merlyn E. Natto to be an ensign in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- jection, the nomination is confirmed; and, without objection, the President will be notified forthwith. That completes the Executive Cal- endar. FEBRUARY 13 RECESS TO TUESDAY Mr. LUCAS. I move that the Senate take a recess until 12 o’clock noon on Tuesday next. The motion was agreed to; and (at 12 o’clock and 25 minutes p. m.) the Senate took a recess until Tuesday, February 14, 1950, at 12 o’clock meridian. NOMINATIONS Executive nominations received by the Senate February 10 (legislative day of January 4), 1950: DIPLOMATIC SND FOREIGN SERVICE Julius C Holmes, of Kansas, for promotion from Foreign Service officer of class 1 to For- etgn Service officer of the class of career minister of the United States of America Paul J. Reveley, of Connecticut, now a For- eign Service officer of class 3 and a Becre- tary in the diplomatic service, to be also a consul general of the United States of America. The following-named Foreign Service staff officers to be consuls of the United States of America’ Charles B Borcell, of New York. Myron H. Schiaud, of Texas Ben A. Thirkield, of Virginia, a Foreign Service reserve office:, to be a vice consul of the United States of America Harold J. Noble, of California, a Foreign Service reserve officer, to be a secretary in the diplomatic service of the United States of America. Post OFFICE DEPARTMENT The following-named persons to be mem- bers of the Advisory Board for the Post Office Department J. H. Allen, of Florida, Daniel W Bell, of the District of Columbia. Morris L Ernst, of New York Frank M Folsom, of New York Alfred E Lyon, of New York Robert L Thornton, of Texas Charles A Ward, of Minnesota CONFIRMATIONS Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate February 19 (legislative day of January 4), 1950: Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY Hal P Demuth to be ensign, January 5, 1950 Merlyn E. Natto to be ensign, effective February 25, 195v. effective HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monpay, Fesruary 13, 1950 The House met at 12 o’clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., offered the following prayer: Almighty God, we thank Thee for days in the calendar of our national history when we are privileged to call to mind the life and character of those who sought to serve their generation accord- ing to Thy holy will. Today we are paying tribute to the memory of a great American patriot who stood like a giant among his con- temporaries and whose record of heroic service has made an indelible impres- sion upon succeeding generations. Grant that his supreme passion for the preservation of the Union may also inspire us with longings to promote and
1950 preserve the union of God-fearing men and nations in their search for amity and peace, We are confident that Thou art not calling upon us to seek and accept peace at any price. We believe, however, that our beloved country has been commissioned to strive for righteousness and justice, whatever the cost may be, to bring to fulfillment and fruition those glorious aspirations. Hear us in the name of the Prince of Peace. Amen. The Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, February 9, 1950, was read and approved. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT A message in writing from the Presi- dent of the United States was communi- cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries, who also informed the House that on the following dates the President approved and signed a joint resolution and bills of the House of the following titles: On February 1, 1950: H. J. Res. 184 Joint resolution authorizing the President of the United States of Amer- ica to proclaim February 7, 1950, as National Children’s Dental Health Day. On February 7, 1950: H.R. 6212. An act to amend section 6 of the Fedcral Firearms Act. On February 8, 1950: H R 322 An act to transfer funds to the town of Craig, Alaska; and H.R. 2585. An act to amend the Tariff Act of 1930 to provide for exemption from duty of certain metallic impurities in tin ores and concentrates when such impurities are not recovered. On February 9, 1950: H.R. 746 An act for the relief of the legal guardian of August Michela, a minor; and H.R. 4387. An act to authorize relief of authorized certifying officers of terminated war agencies in liquidation by the Treasury Department. On February 10, 1950: H R. 4106. An act for the relief of certain Officers and employees of the Foreign Serv- ice of the United States who, while in the course of their respective duties, suffered losses of personal property by reason of war conditions. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE A message from the Senate, by Mr. Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that the Senate had passed without amend- ment a bill of the House of the following title: H. R. 5486. An act to amend certain provi- sions of the Internal Revenue Code to per- mit the use of additional means, including stamp machines, for payment of tax on dis- tilled spirits, modify loss allowances for dis- tilled spirits, for the transfer and redistilla- tion of spirits, and for other purposes. The message also announced that the Senate had passed bills and concurrent resolutions of the following titles, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: 8.501. An act repealing section 202 (e) of the Sugar Act of 1948; 8.2440. An act to authorize certain con- struction at military and naval installations, and for other purposes; 8. Con. Res. 69. Concurrent resolution to print additional copies of immigration hear- ings before a judiciary subcommittee; and 8S. Con. Res. 70. Concurrent resolution au- thorizing the printing of additional copies CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE of Senate Report No. 1158, Eighty-first Con- gress, first session, entitled “Progress on the Hoover Commission Recommendations.” The message also announced that the Senate agrees to the amendment of the House to a bill of the Senate of the fol- lowing title: 8.2319. An act to promote world peace and the general welfare, national interest, and foreign policy of the United States by providing ald to the Republic of Korea. UNITED STATES AGAINST CHRISTOFFEL Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. 469) in re- spect to the privileges of the House, which I send to the desk, and ask for its immediate consideration. The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: Whereas in the case of the United States v. Harold Roland Christoffel (No. 791-47, crimi- nal docket), pending in the District Court of the United States for the District of Colum- bia, a subpena duces tecum was issued by the chief justice of said court und addressed to Ralph R Roberts, Clerk of the House of Representatives, directing him to appear as a witness before the said court on the 9th day of February 1950, at 10 o’clock antemerid- jan, and to bring with him the Minute Book of the Committee on Education and Labor of the Eightieth Congress of the United States including minutes of the executive sessions of said committee in the possession and under the control of the House of Representatives; and Whereas the Attorney General of the United States has requested the House of Representatives to permit the production of copies of certain records of the Committee on Education and Labor of the Eightieth Congress of the United States; and Whereas on the 18th day of January 1950, with respect to a prior subpena in the same case, the House of Representatives adopted the following resolution: “Whereas in the case of the United States v. Harold Roland Christoffel (No. 791-47, crimi- nal docket), pending in the District Court of the United States for the District of Colum- bia, a subpena duces tecum was issued by the chief justice of said court to Ralph R. Roberts, Clerk of the House of Representa- tives, directing him to appear as a witness before the said court on the 19th day of Jan- uary 1950, at 10 o’clock antemeridian, and to bring with him certain and sundry papers in the possession and under the control of the House of Representatives: Therefore be it “Resolved, That by the privileges of this House no evidence of a documentary char- acter under the control and in the possession of the House of Representatives can, by the mandate of process of the ordinary courts of justice, be taken from such control or possession but by its permission; be it “Resolved, That when it appears by the order of the court or of the judge thereof or of any legal officer charged with the ad- ministration of the orders of such court or judge, that documentary evidence in the possession and under the control of the House is needful for use in any court of justice or before any judge or such legal officer, for the promotion of justice, this House will take such order thereon os will promote the ends of justice consistently with the privileges and rights of this House; be it further “Resolved, That Ralph R. Roberts, Clerk of the House, be authorized to appear at the place and before the court named in the sub- pena duces tecum before-mentioned but shall not take with him any papers or docu- ments on file in his office or under his control or in his possession as Clerk of the House; be it further “Resolved, That when satd court deter- mines upon the materiality and the relevancy 1765 of the papers and documents called for in the subpena duces tecum then the said court through any of its officers or agents have full Permission to attend with all proper parties to the proceeding and then always at any place under the orders and control of this House and take copies of any documents or papers in possession or control of said Clerk that the court has found to be material and relevant, except minutes and transcripts of executive sessions, and any evidence of wit- nesses in respect thereto which the court or other proper officer thereof shall desire, so as, however, the possession of said documents and papers by the said Clerk shall not he disturbed, or the same shall not be removed from their file or custody under said Clerk; be it further - “Resolved, That a copy of these resolu- tions be transmitted to the said court as a respectful answer to the subpena afore-men- tioned.” Whereas nothing occurred of sufficient {importance in the executive session of said Committee on Education and Labor on the afternoon of March 1, 1947, to justify the entry of a minute of said meeting and no minutes of said executive meeting were mede, and Whereas the national security or public safety of the United States will not be jeopardized by the publication of any part of the proceedings in question of said Com- mittee on Education and Labor of the Eightieth Congress of the United States: Therefore be it Resolved, That by the privilege of this House no evidence of a documentary char- acter under the control and in the posses- sion of the House of Representatives can, by the mandate or process of the ordinary courts of justice, be taken from such control or possession but by its permission; be it further Resolved, That no officer or employee of the House of Representatives has the right, with- out the consent of the House of Representa- tives first obtained, either voluntarily or in obedience to a subpena duces tecum, to pro- duce any document, paper, or book belonging to the files of the House of Representatives before any court or officer thereof, nor to furnish any copy of any testimony given or paper filed on any investigation before the House of Representatives or any of its com- mittees, except such as may be authorized by statute to be copied, and such as the House of Representatives itself may have made public, be it further Resolved, That Ralph R. Roberts, Clerk of the House of Representatives, be authorized to appear at the place and before the court named in the afore-mentioned subpena duces tecum but shall not take with him any original paper, book, or document on file in his office or under his control or in his pos- session as Clerk of the House of Representa- tives; be it further Resolved, That Ralph R. Roberts, Clerk of the House of Representatives, be authorized, in accordance with the request of the Attor- ney General of the United States, to produce certified copies of the minutes of the public meetings only of said Committee on Educa- tion and Labor of the Eightieth Congress of the United States; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted to the said court as a re- epectful answer to the afore-mentioned sub- pena duces tecum. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield for a parliamentary inquiry? Mr. CELLER. I yield. Mr. RANKIN. I wish to know if we are assured that we will get these docu- ments back. The FBI wrote the most condemning letter I ever read on Edward U. Condon, in which it denounced him as the weakest link in atomic security,
1766 and proved it beyond a reasonable doubt; yet when the Committee on Un-Ameri- can Activities attempted to get that original letter we were denied that right. I am opposed to sending these records out of the possession of the Congress, and I want to know that the Congress will get them back. Mr. CELLER. I may say to the gen- tleman, Mr. Speaker, that only copies will be submitted. Mr. RANKIN. That is better. Mr. LESINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CELLER. I yield. Mr. LESINSKI. I do not understand why the court is asking for all these papers when they do not exist. Ihapren toknow. I was subpenaed and appeared at court this morning, but was not called. There are no such papers. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question. The previous question was ordered. The resolution was agreed to. THE LATE HOWARD DOBSON Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Tennessee? There was no objection. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I am sure that all Members of the ‘House share a sense of sorrow and loss in death last Friday of a very able member of the House Press Gallery, Howard Dobson, who had been with the Associated Press, covering the proceedings of the House of Representatives since he came out of the armed services. He was notified 2 months ago that he had but a short time to live after his disease had been diagnosed as can- cer. The quiet courage that character- ized Howard Dobson in the armed services and as a very able correspond- ent was further demonstrated during the last 2 months of his illness. I have before me a brief comment, Mr. Speaker, that I think characterizes that courage as well as anything I could say. This is taken from a column written on Christmas Eve by one of his colleagues, James Marlow, an AP columnist. Here is what he said: “I went to see him the other day,” Mar- low said. “He knew life was being chewed away inside him. He had lost weight until he looked like the ghost of a ghost. “He looked at the bright window and through it at the bright trees outside. ‘It’s beautiful outside,’ he said. It was his way of saying: ‘That's the world cut there. I love being alive in it, but I may not be out in it much again.’” Mr. Speaker, the greatest tribute that can be paid to a newspaperman, I think, is to say that he was a good reporter. That can truly be said of Howard Dob- son. He was in every sense a gentle- man whose presence in the press gal- lery will be greatly and sorrowfully missed. Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PRIEST. I yield to the gentleman from Illinois. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I want to join with my colleague the gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. Priest] in paying tribute to the very fine newspaperman who was not only a credit to the news- paper profession but a credit to the Na- tion as a whole. He was an individual whose passing will be keenly regretted by everyone who knew him and he will be sorely missed not only by the fra- ternity but all of us here. I regret the passing of this great newspaperman. Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr, Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PRIEST. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa. Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, this very flne newspaperman covered Iowa and part of the Middle West. We found in him a friend, a capable reporter, and a man in whom we had a great deal of confidence. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PRIEST. from Nebraska. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to join with others in paying tribute to Howard Dobson. A fine newspaperman, a great citizen, has gone from us. THE LATE TILMAN B. PARKS Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Ar- kansas? There was no objection. Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, another former Member of this House has been called by our Maker and gone to his glory, reminding us that the sands of time run surely toward the life of every person. The Honorable Tilman B. Parks, whom some of you know, died yesterday morn- ing at 8 o'clock at Suburban Hospital in Bethesda. For 16 years Mr. Parks represented the Seventh Congressional District of Arkansas, which district it is now my privilege to serve. He was elected to Congress in 1920 and served eight con- secutive terms in the House of Repre- sentatives until his retirement in 1936. He was born on a plantation near Lewisville, Ark., 77 years ago. He was the son of the late William Parks, who as a captain at the age of 16, was per- haps the youngest commissioned officer in the Confederate Army. Mr. Parks obtained his education at the University of Texas and the Uni- versity of Virginia. He was admitted to the Arkansas bar in 1900. He had an outstanding record of ac- complishment in public service. Prior to his election to Congress he served three terms in the Arkansas State Leg- islature and was prosecuting attorney for the cighth judicial district of Ar- kansas for 4 years, making a total of 26 years of outstanding service to his peo- ple who had entrusted him with their confidence, and to whom he was so de- voted. I am glad to say, Mr. Speaker, that I knew Mr. Parks personally. I have known him practically all of my life. He was a warm personal friend of my I yield to the gentleman FEBRUARY 13 father, who also would have been 77 years of age had he lived. I remember as a very small boy dur- ing the First World War, the stirring and patriotic speeches of Mr. Parks in the sale of Liberty Loan bonds. He was prosecuting attorney at that time and a very able one. Many of you no doubt remember him as an outstanding and able Member of this Congress. He was a member of the Appropriations Committee. In his de- votion to duty and service he was en- thralled with the burning desire and spirit that made him an outstanding and able legislator. He was loyal and patriotic at all times. He was a good Christian man, and a member of the Baptist Church. He was a good and devoted husband and father, loyal to his family. His wife passed on to her reward in 1926. He is survived by a son, Tilman B., Jr., and two daughters, Mrs. Ann Parks Mar- shall, now living in Chicago, and Mrs. Josephine Pugh, of Kenosha, Wis., and three grandchildren. He will be missed even though he had attained more than his three score years and 10. In paying this warm tribute to my departed friend, Mr. Speaker, I want to extend my deepest sympathy to his family in their bereavement. May his soul rest in peace with God. Mr. RANKIN. Mr, Speaker, will the gentleman yicld? Mr. HARRIS. I yield to the gentleman from Mississippi. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, the pass- ing of Tilman Parks brings back memo- ries of bygone days. He and I came to Congress at the same time. There were 105 new Members who entered that Con- gress who had never served in Congress before, and I am the only one who remains today. With him came Mr. Driver, of Arkan- sas. With me came Mr. Lowry, of Mis- sissippi, and a large number of others; fine patriotic Members of this body who have now passed to the Great Beyond. Tilman Parks was a man of courage. When I first came to Congress our dis- tinguished former Speaker and Vice President, Jack Garner, in a conversa- tion we had, slammed his fist down on the desk and said, “JoHNn RANKIN, we do not need any more brains in Congress; we have all the brains we can use. What we need is courage.” That applies also to the present Con- gress. Tilman Parks, whatever else you might say of him, had the courage of his con- victions. When I look back over the years and recall the names on both sides, the faces and the figures of those Members who have passed on, I feel like the distin- guished Irish poet, Thomas Moore, who said; and I quote his words with one slight change: Oft, in the stilly night, Ere slumber’s chain has bound me, Fond memory brings the light Of other days around me. The smiles, the tears, of former years, The words of love then spoken; The eyes that shone now dimmed ard gone, The cheerful hearts now broken.
1950 When I remember all The friends so link’d together, I've seen around me fall, Like leaves in wintry weather. I feel like one who treads alone Some banquet-hall deserted, Whose lights are fied, whose garlands dead, And ali but he departed! Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HARRIS. I yield to the gentle- man from Massachusetts. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I am very sorry to hear of the death of our late colleague, who was one of my close friends. The people of his district and of his State can well feel proud of the great work and the constructive serv- ice that he rendered while a Member of this body. I join with the Arkansas dele- gation in their expressions Of regret, and extend to his children and his grand- children my deepest sympathy in their bereavement. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, it was my privilege to know Mr. Parks from boyhood, and I cherished his friendship greatly. His career was an unusual one. Endowed with a brilliant mind and an engaging platform per- sonality, he became an outstanding leader in Arkansas while still a young man. His long service in the Congress was impressive, and established for him a reputation as an able public servant. I mourn his passing. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. CELLER asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances, Mr, ROGERS of Florida asked and was given permission to extend his re- marks in the REcorp and include an ad- dress by E. Stanley Jones. Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana asked and was given permission to extend his re- marks in the REcorp in two instances. Mr. DAVIS of Georgia asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and inelude extraneous matter. Mr. TEAGUE (at the request of Mr. THoMpsON) was given permission to ex- tend his remarks in the Recorp and in- clude extraneous matter. Mr. PERKINS asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Record and include two editorials and @ letter. Mr. BROOKS asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances and include extraneous matter. Mr, HEBERT asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances and include in one an editorial from the New Orleans States and in the other an address by Mr. Lloyd J. Cobb, president of Interna- tional House of New Orleans. STATE DEPARTMENT Mr. COX. Myr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent to address the House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Georgia? There was no objection. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE Mr.COX. Mr. Speaker, not as a threat but as a warning, I should like to say that the filing of the resolution to in- vestigate the State Department should not be taken lightly by Mr. Acheson and others in the Department, for to longer stubbornly refuse to recognize the pub- le clamor for s house cleaning could prove to be a major mistake. A public hearing on the resolution conducted by the Rules Committee would be equivalent to putting the Department on trial, which is a hazard that it can- not afford to take, and something which it should endeavor in every way to avoid. It is my consideration for the Presi- dent, Mr. Speaker, that makes me hesti- tate for the time being to advocate an all-out investigation. This is something which in my opinion the President should handle. I beg that he take a hand and do something about it, because it is not just a storm that is going to blow over. TORNADO DAMAGE Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Lou- isiana? There was no objection. Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I know that the House of Representatives will learn with deep sorrow of the disastrous tornadoes which swept through north Louisiana, east Texas, and parts of Ar- kansas late yesterday afternoon. The American Red Cross reports to me that 25 persons were killed in Louisiana, and 68 injured; whereas in east Texas 5 peo- ple were killed and 61 injured. Property damage was heavier in Texas; whereas loss of life was heavier in Louisiana. More particularly, I learn that at the Slack Airport Depot 4 soldiers were killed and 13 were injured. At Sligo, which is immediately east of Shreveport, five per- sons were killed and eight were injured, At Logansport, 45 miles south of Shreve- port, 3 persons were killed and 19 were injured, In the Caster-Jamestown area of Bienville Parish, nine persons were killed and five were injured. I have not been able to get a report of the property damage as of this hour. Immediately upon receipt of this in- formation, I contacted Federal agencies and asked for full cooperation with the American Red Cross in handling the se- rious problems which follow a terrific tornado such as this one was. The Air Force has informed me that it has con- tacted Barksdale Air Base at Shreveport, and the commanding officer is author- ized to extend such assistance as is avail- able in such an emergency and is coop- erating fully with the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross reports that representatives from Atlanta, Ga., have entered the tornado area and that to- gether with local Red Cross chapters are rendering all possible assistance to those in need and in distress. The tor- nadoes were accompanied by heavy rain- fall, which, of course, has made the dis- tress much more acute, 1767 CIVIL-RIGHTS PROGRAM Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wis- consin? There was no objection. Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker— Four score and seven years ago our fore- fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedi- cated tc the proposition that all men are created equal, The familiarity of those majestic words 13 such that their meaning some- times escapes us. Exactly four score and seven years have passed since that historic utterance of our democratic faith. We have hon- ored the words, but what of the deeds they ask? In 1863 Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation and put an end to slavery in America. Our Nation had lived 87 years with the curse of slav- ery before Lincoln acted. Another 87 years have slipped into history. Is it not now time to complete the work that Lincoln began? That great and plain man signed the proclamation because he meant what he later said in the Gettysburg address— that all men are createc equal. Do we mean less? This Cougress has before it a civil- rights program dedicated to that famous proposition. The first measure in that broad program. is fair-employment prac- tices legislation to ensure that equal men have an equal opportunity to make a living. Next week we will act on that program, Democrats and Republicans alike. Four score and seven years later, we have an opportunity to reaffirm Lincoln’s demo- cratic faith. I suggest we forego the usual platitudes and honor a great Pres- ident in the deed rather than the word. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. LESINSKI asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the ReEcorD and include an address deliv- ered by him over Station WJR, Detroit, Mich., on February 10, 1950. Mr. MADDEN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a speech by Petras Dauzvardis, Consul of Lithuania at Chicago. Mr. O’HARA of Illinois asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include an address on Tadeusz Kosciusko. Mr. SULLIVAN asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recornp and include an editorial from the St. Louis Star-Times of Tuesday, February 7, 1950, entitled “Whose Way on Rivers?” Mr. STEED asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the ReEcorp and include a statement. Mr. BARTLETT asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in five instances and include extraneous matter,
1768 Mr. TAURIELLO asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the RecorD and include an article from the Buffalo Courier. Mr. CHESNEY asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a patriotic prayer written by one of his constituents, Rev. Francis C. Young, known as the poet priest, pastor of St. Juliana’s Church in Chicago. Mr. CROOK asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp on the subject, Abraham Lin- coln’s Philosophy of Government Should Guide Us. Mr. KEATING asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances, in one to in- clude an address by the distinguished minority leader, and in the other a state- ment by a distinguished clergyman, Rev. William H. Hudnut. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN asked and was given permission to address the House for 30 minutes on Thursday next following the disposition of business on the Speaker’s desk and the conclusion of special orders heretofore granted, EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. REED of New York (at the re- quest of Mr. WooprurF) was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in five instances; in each to in- clude extraneous matter. Mr. WOODRUFF asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp in two instances. Mr. STEFAN asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a radio address on Abraham Lincoln. Mr. TALLE (at the request of Mr. LECoMPTE) was given permission to ex- tend his remarks in the Recorp and in- clude a statement made before the Com- mittee on Appropriations with respect to the conservation of forests. Mr. ELLSWORTH asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include a statement on valley authorities by the United States Cham- ber of Commerce. Mr. FORD asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the REc- orp and include a communication. Mr. CURTIS asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the Recorp and include certain tables. Mr. VELDE asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the REcorD. Mr. HESELTON asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the RecorpD and include extraneous matter. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. HESELTON asked and was given permission to address the House for 30 minutes on Thursday next after the dis- position of business on the Speaker's desk and any othcr special orders heretofore entered. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE SURPLUS POTATOES FOR NEEDY AMERICANS Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Spcaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Mas- sachusetts? There was no objection. Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, last week 50,000,000 bushels of potatoes were ordered into the process of destruction. The cost of that destruction is estimated at between thirty-one and one-fourth and fifty million dollars. In the First District of Massachusetts a great many potatoes are grown. They are avail- able for human consumption. Massa- chusetts officials of the United States Department of Agriculture report that there are plenty of them. On Friday the authorities of Greenfield, Mass., re- quested me to sce if I could find any way by which they could obtain some of these potatoes for consumption by needy people in that town. I obtained assurances from the Department of Ag- riculture here in Washington that it would cooperate in that effort. A sur- vey of needs is being undertaken by the local clergy and the Council of Social Services of Greenfield. Their report will be available at 5 o’clock tomorrow. The State department of public wel- fare has assured us today that it would cooperate. If the Federa] Department of Agriculture kceps its promise to me, those potatoes will be eaten, not de- stroyed. You will have a clear precedent under which you can assist your commu- nities to get these potatoes to people who need them. All our communities are burdened by gigantic costs for welfare and assistance. This can reduce that bill in some degree. It will save the Federal Treasury betwcen thirty-one and one-fourth and fifty million dollars. In connection with remarks I made on Thursday with reference to the problem of disposing of surplus edible food com- modities I stated that it occurred to me that all Members might like to know what the commodity inventories of the Commodity Credit Corporation showed as to items other than potatoes, dried eggs, and dried milk as of December 31, 1949, and I added that I would ask permission to include these figures. Through inadvertence I did not include them in the revision of my remarks. So that the record may be complete, I want to place the entire list in the Recorp both as to amounts and as to the cost as con- tained in the official report of the Com- modity Credit Corporation. They are: Dried milk, 254,490,784 pounds -_---..-..-------- $31, 615, 535. 72 Dried eggs, 49,445,878 pounds ..___------~-.---. 98, 645, 444. 68 Butter, 98,675,801 pounds... 61, 003, 323. 06 Cheese, 23,935,157 pounds... 8, 030, 266. 80 Prunes, 49,985,455 pounds... _—5, 006, 203. 64 Raisins, 22,972,380 pounds... 2, 210, 133. 26 Edible dried beans, 4,850,795 hundredweight.....--.--. 42, 859, 926. 40 Rice, 431,820 hundredweight. 2, 936, 252. 60 Turkeys, 725,480 pounds... 309, 173. 80 Canned Mexican meat, 49,- 445,878 pounds.-.......-. 12, 468, 074. 26 FEBRUARY 13 This involves a matter of approxi- mately 277,480 tons of surplus commodi- ties at a total cost of approximately $265,000,000. In addition, of course, there are these 50,000,000 bushels of surplus edible po- tatoes which the Secretary stated last week would be destroyed in the next few weeks at a cost of between thirty-one and one-fourth million and fifty million dollars. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- tleman from Massachusetts has expired. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. O’KONSKI asked and was given permission to extend his remarks in the Appendix of the REcorp. Mr. RICH asked and was given per- mission to extend his remarks in the ReEcorp and include a Lincoln Day speech delivered at Lock Haven, Pa., by Reverend Peters. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin asked and was given permission to address the House on Thursday next for 15 minutes following the legislative business of the day and any other special orders hereto- fore granted. J EDGAR HOOVER Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. ls there objection to the request of the gentleman from New York | Mr. Epwin Artior HALi]? There was no cbjection. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. Speaker, if the mail which I am receiv- ing from my home district is any indi- cation, the people throughout the coun- try have a great deal of faith in J. Ed- gar Hoover. I believe that his work with the FBI has put the country in good stead. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield. Mr. McCORMACK. I do not have to get mail in order to have faith in J. Ed- gar Hoover. I have complete faith in that distinguished gentleman. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I do not cither. I assure the gentleman that the statement which I made indicated how the people of my district feel, al- though I was well aware of it. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL, I yield. Mr. RANKIN. I not only have faith in J. Edgar Hoover, but if they will pass my resolution making the FBI an inde- pendent agency and take the hands of these subversives off of him, who are try- ing to hold him down, he would unmask a cabal of treachery in this country that would arouse the American people. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I be- lieve his good work will help the coun- try. It is my opinion that Congress could get nowhere without the invaluable exposures and information which the FBI has made available to the various committees. Or, to put it this way, few investigations coiducted by Congress