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‘‘(2) leverage investments in accelerator tech-
nologies and fundamental research in particle physics 
by partnering with institutions of higher education, 
industry, and other Federal agencies to enable the 
commercial application of advanced accelerator tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this 
section— 
‘‘(1) $19,080,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $20,224,800 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $21,438,288 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $22,724,585 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $24,088,060 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
SEC. 10110. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRO-
DUCTION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is 
amended by adding after section 310 (as added by section 
10109) the following:
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‘‘SEC. 311. ISOTOPE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND PRO-
DUCTION. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF CRITICAL RADIOACTIVE AND STA-
BLE ISOTOPE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—In this section, the term 
‘critical radioactive and stable isotope’ means a ra-
dioactive and stable isotope— 
‘‘(A) the domestic commercial production of 
which is unavailable or inadequate to satisfy the 
demand of research, medical, industrial, or re-
lated industries in the United States; and 
‘‘(B) the supply of which is augmented 
through— 
‘‘(i) Department production; or 
‘‘(ii) foreign suppliers. 
‘‘(2) EXCLUSION.—In this section, the term ‘crit-
ical radioactive and stable isotope’ does not include 
the medical isotope molybdenum-99, the production 
and supply of which is addressed in the American 
Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 (Public Law 
112–239; 126 Stat. 2211) (including the amendments 
made by that Act). 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—The Director shall— 
‘‘(1) carry out, in coordination with other rel-
evant programs across the Department, a program—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(A) for the production of critical radio-
active and stable isotopes, including the develop-
ment of techniques to produce isotopes, that the 
Secretary determines are needed and of sufficient 
quality and quantity for research, medical, in-
dustrial, or related purposes; 
‘‘(B) for the production of critical radio-
active and stable isotopes that are in short sup-
ply or projected to be in short supply in the fu-
ture, including byproducts, surplus materials, 
and related isotope services; 
‘‘(C) to maintain and enhance the infra-
structure required to produce and supply critical 
radioactive and stable isotope products and re-
lated services; 
‘‘(D) to conduct research and development 
on new and improved isotope production and 
processing techniques that can make critical ra-
dioactive and stable isotopes available for re-
search and application as soon as possible while 
assisting in workforce development; 
‘‘(E) to reduce domestic dependency on the 
foreign supply of critical radioactive and stable 
isotopes to ensure national preparedness; and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(F) to the maximum extent practicable, in 
accordance with— 
‘‘(i) evidence-based reports, such as the 
2015 report of the Nuclear Science Advisory 
Committee entitled ‘Meeting Isotope Needs 
and Capturing Opportunities for the Fu-
ture’; and 
‘‘(ii) assessments of isotope supply 
chains, including the assessment described 
in paragraph (3), any reports submitted 
pursuant to subsection (d), and other cur-
rent and future assessments; 
‘‘(2) ensure that isotope production activities 
carried out under this subsection are consistent with 
the statement of policy entitled ‘Policies and Proce-
dures for Transfer of Commercial Radioisotope Pro-
duction and Distribution to Private Industry’ (30 
Fed. Reg. 3247 (March 9, 1965)); 
‘‘(3) assess the domestic requirements of current 
and emerging critical radioactive and stable isotopes 
and associated applications, including by consulting 
end-users, to identify areas that may require Federal 
investment for expedited development of domestic pro-
duction capacity for those isotopes, including through 
public-private partnerships, as appropriate;
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‘‘(4) ensure that actions taken by the Depart-
ment do not interfere with, delay, compete with, or 
otherwise adversely affect efforts by the private sector 
to make available or otherwise facilitate the supply of 
critical radioactive and stable isotopes, including ef-
forts under existing agreements between the Depart-
ment or contractors of the Department and the pri-
vate sector; and 
‘‘(5) in coordination with the Assistant Sec-
retary for Nuclear Energy, assess options for dem-
onstrating the production of critical radioactive and 
stable isotopes in research, test, or commercial nuclear 
reactors and accelerators, including reactors and ac-
celerators operated at universities. 
‘‘(c) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary 
shall establish an advisory committee (referred to in 
this subsection as the ‘committee’) in alignment with 
the program established under subsection (b)— 
‘‘(A) to carry out the activities previously 
executed as part of the Isotope Subcommittee of 
the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee; and 
‘‘(B) to provide expert advice and assistance 
to the Director in carrying out that program.
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‘‘(2) REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the committee is established, the committee 
shall— 
‘‘(i) update the 2015 Nuclear Science 
Advisory Committee Isotopes Subcommittee 
Report entitled ‘Meeting Isotope Needs and 
Capturing Opportunities for the Future’; 
and 
‘‘(ii) periodically update that report 
thereafter as needed. 
‘‘(B) 
INCLUSIONS.—An 
updated 
report 
under subparagraph (A) shall include an assess-
ment of— 
‘‘(i) current demand in the United 
States for critical radioactive and stable 
isotopes; 
‘‘(ii) the impact of continued reliance 
on foreign supply of critical radioactive and 
stable isotopes; 
‘‘(iii) proposed mitigation strategies, 
including increasing domestic production 
sources for critical radioactive and stable 
isotopes, that—
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‘‘(I) are not commercially avail-
able; or 
‘‘(II) are commercially produced 
in quantities that are not sufficient— 
‘‘(aa) to satisfy domestic de-
mand; and 
‘‘(bb) to minimize production 
constraints and supply disrup-
tions 
to 
the 
United 
States 
healthcare and industrial isotope 
industries; 
‘‘(iv) current facilities, including up-
grades to those facilities, and new facilities 
needed to meet domestic critical isotope 
needs; and 
‘‘(v) workforce development needs. 
‘‘(3) NONDUPLICATION.—The committee shall 
work in alignment with, and shall not duplicate the 
efforts of, preexisting advisory committees that are 
advising the program established under subsection (b). 
‘‘(4) FACA.—The committee shall be subject to 
the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.). 
‘‘(d) REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the end of the 
first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment
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of this section, and biennially thereafter, the Sec-
retary of Energy Advisory Board shall submit to the 
Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and 
Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
Committees on Science, Space, and Technology and 
Energy and Commerce of the House of Representa-
tives a report describing the progress made under the 
program established under subsection (b) during the 
preceding 2 fiscal years. 
‘‘(2) INCLUSIONS.—Each report under para-
graph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) an updated assessment of any critical 
radioactive and stable isotope shortages in the 
United States; 
‘‘(B) a description of— 
‘‘(i) any disruptions in the inter-
national supply of critical radioactive and 
stable isotopes during the preceding 2 fiscal 
years; and 
‘‘(ii) the impact of those disruptions on 
related activities; and 
‘‘(C)(i) a projection of anticipated disrup-
tions in the international supply, or supply con-
straints, of critical radioactive and stable iso-
topes during the next 2 fiscal years; and
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‘‘(ii) the anticipated impact of those disrup-
tions or constraints, as applicable, on related do-
mestic activities. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out this section— 
‘‘(1) $175,708,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $196,056,480 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $215,759,869 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $200,633,461 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $146,293,469 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) DEMONSTRATION OF ISOTOPE PRODUCTION.—Sec-
tion 952(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16272(a)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para-
graph (4) and moving the paragraph so as to appear 
after paragraph (3); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) ISOTOPE DEMONSTRATION EVALUATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, 
the Secretary, acting through the Assistant Sec-
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retary for Nuclear Energy, shall evaluate the 
technical and economic feasibility of the estab-
lishment of an isotope demonstration subpro-
gram of the program established under para-
graph (1) to support the development and com-
mercial demonstration of critical radioactive and 
stable isotope production in existing commercial 
nuclear power plants. 
‘‘(B) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary, act-
ing through the Assistant Secretary for Nuclear 
Energy, shall consult with the Director of the Of-
fice of Science in carrying out the evaluation 
under subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(C) DEFINITION OF CRITICAL RADIOACTIVE 
AND STABLE ISOTOPE.—In this paragraph, the 
term ‘critical radioactive and stable isotope’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 311(a) of 
the Department of Energy Research and Innova-
tion Act.’’. 
(c) RADIOISOTOPE PROCESSING FACILITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this subsection as ‘‘the Secretary’’) shall 
construct a radioisotope processing facility to provide 
for the growing radiochemical processing capability 
needs associated with the production of critical radio-
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active isotopes authorized under section 311 of the De-
partment of Energy Research and Innovation Act. 
(2) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be ap-
propriated under section 311(e) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this subsection— 
(A) $30,500,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(B) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(C) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(D) $83,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
(E) $43,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
(d) STABLE ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH 
CENTER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this subsection as ‘‘the Secretary’’) shall 
establish a stable isotope production and research cen-
ter— 
(A) to expand the ability of the United 
States to perform multiple stable isotope produc-
tion campaigns at large-scale production, as au-
thorized under section 311 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act;
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(B) to mitigate the dependence of the 
United States on foreign-produced stable iso-
topes; 
(C) to promote economic resilience; and 
(D) to conduct research and development on 
stable isotope production and associated methods 
and technology. 
(2) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be ap-
propriated under section 311(e) of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this subsection— 
(A) $74,400,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
(B) $46,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
(C) $31,200,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
(D) $33,300,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
(E) $13,900,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
SEC. 10111. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is 
amended by adding after section 311 (as added by section 
10110), the following:
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‘‘SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
‘‘The Director shall support the development of a sci-
entific workforce through programs that facilitate collabora-
tion between and among teachers at elementary schools and 
secondary schools served by local educational agencies, stu-
dents at institutions of higher education, early-career re-
searchers, faculty at institutions of higher education, and 
the National Laboratories, including through the use of 
proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from 
underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or 
undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the mission 
of the Office of Science.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
3169 of the Department of Energy Science Education En-
hancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381e) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘There are’’ and inserting ‘‘Out 
of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office 
of Science of the Department of Energy in a fiscal 
year, there are’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘fiscal year 1991’’ and inserting 
‘‘each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027’’. 
(c) BROADENING PARTICIPATION IN WORKFORCE DE-
VELOPMENT FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy 
Science Education Enhancement Act is amended by
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
inserting after section 3167 (42 U.S.C. 7381c–1) the 
following: 
‘‘SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) expand opportunities to increase the num-
ber of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, 
and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in 
disciplines relevant to the mission of the Department; 
and 
‘‘(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase 
participation from Historically Black Colleges or 
Universities (as defined in section 3167B(f)), His-
panic-serving institutions (as defined in that section), 
Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in that sec-
tion), minority-serving institutions (as defined in 
that section), institutions in eligible jurisdictions (as 
defined in that section), emerging research institu-
tions, community colleges, and scientific societies in 
those disciplines. 
‘‘(b) PLAN.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, 
and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committees on Energy and Nat-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
ural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate and make available to the public a plan for 
broadening participation of underrepresented groups in 
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in pro-
grams supported by the Department, including— 
‘‘(1) a plan for supporting relevant Federal re-
search award grantees and leveraging the National 
Science Foundation INCLUDES National Network 
and relevant partnerships, including partnerships 
maintained by other Federal research agencies; 
‘‘(2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
underrepresented groups in programs supported by 
the Department; 
‘‘(3) experienced and potential barriers to broad-
ening participation of underrepresented groups in 
programs supported by the Department, including 
recommended solutions; and 
‘‘(4) any other activities the Secretary deter-
mines appropriate. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 3169, 
not less than $2,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
each fiscal year for the activities described in this section.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHLY 
SKILLED SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEER-
ING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) PROFES-
SIONALS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) expand opportunities and increase the num-
ber of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, 
and mathematics (STEM) professionals working in 
disciplines relevant to the mission of the Department; 
and 
‘‘(2) broaden the recruitment pool to increase 
participation from and expand partnerships with 
Historically Black Colleges or Universities, Hispanic 
serving institutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, 
minority-serving institutions, institutions in eligible 
jurisdictions, emerging research institutions, commu-
nity colleges, and scientific societies in those dis-
ciplines. 
‘‘(b) PLAN AND OUTREACH STRATEGY.— 
‘‘(1) PLAN.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Energy
237 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-year 
educational plan to fund and expand new or ex-
isting programs administered by the Office of 
Science and sited at the National Laboratories 
and Department user facilities to expand edu-
cational and workforce development opportuni-
ties for underrepresented individuals, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) high school, undergraduate, and 
graduate students; and 
‘‘(ii) recent graduates, teachers, and 
faculty in STEM fields. 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The plan under subpara-
graph (A) may include paid internships, fellow-
ships, temporary employment, training pro-
grams, visiting student and faculty programs, 
sabbaticals, and research support. 
‘‘(2) OUTREACH CAPACITY.—The Secretary shall 
include in the plan under paragraph (1) an outreach 
strategy to improve the advertising, recruitment, and 
promotion of educational and workforce development 
programs to community colleges, Historically Black 
Colleges or Universities, Hispanic-serving institu-
tions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, minority-serv-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
ing institutions, institutions in eligible jurisdictions, 
and emerging research institutions. 
‘‘(c) BUILDING RESEARCH CAPACITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop 
programs that strengthen the research capacity rel-
evant to Office of Science disciplines at emerging re-
search institutions, including minority-serving insti-
tutions, Tribal Colleges or Universities, Historically 
Black Colleges or Universities, institutions in eligible 
jurisdictions (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of 
the 
Energy 
Policy 
Act 
of 
1992 
(42 
U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(A))), institutions in communities with 
dislocated workers who were previously employed in 
manufacturing, energy production, including coal 
power plants, and mineral and material mining, and 
other institutions of higher education. 
‘‘(2) 
INCLUSIONS.—The 
programs 
developed 
under paragraph (1) may include— 
‘‘(A) enabling mutually beneficial and 
jointly managed partnerships between research- 
intensive institutions and emerging research in-
stitutions; and 
‘‘(B) soliciting research proposals, fellow-
ships, training programs, and research support 
directly from emerging research institutions.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act, and every 2 years 
thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
Committee on Education and Labor of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources and the Committee on Health, 
Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate a re-
port summarizing progress toward meeting the key 
performance indicators established under paragraph 
(1). 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) COMMUNITY COLLEGE.—The term ‘commu-
nity college’ means— 
‘‘(A) a public institution of higher edu-
cation, including additional locations, at which 
the highest awarded degree, or the predominantly 
awarded degree, is an associate degree; or 
‘‘(B) any Tribal college or university. 
‘‘(2) DISLOCATED
WORKER.—The term ‘dis-
located worker’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Oppor-
tunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102).
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(3) HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term 
‘Hispanic-serving institution’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 502(a) of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)). 
‘‘(4) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVER-
SITY.—The term ‘Historically Black College or Uni-
versity’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B insti-
tution’ in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
‘‘(5) INSTITUTION
IN
AN
ELIGIBLE
JURISDIC-
TION.—The term ‘institution in an eligible jurisdic-
tion’ means an institution of higher education (as de-
fined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) that is located in an eligible 
jurisdiction (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of 
the 
Energy 
Policy 
Act 
of 
1992 
(42 
U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(A))). 
‘‘(6) 
MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘minority-serving institution’ includes the enti-
ties described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) 
of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
‘‘(7) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the sub-
jects listed in section 2 of the STEM Education Act 
of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note; Public Law 114–59).
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‘‘(8) TRIBAL
COLLEGE
OR
UNIVERSITY.—The 
term ‘Tribal College or University’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 316(b) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c(b)).’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents in section 2(b) of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101– 
510; 104 Stat. 1497) is amended by striking the items 
relating to sections 3167 and 3168 and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 3167. Partnerships with historically Black colleges and universities, His-
panic-serving institutions, and tribal colleges. 
‘‘Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists. 
‘‘Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities for highly skilled science, technology, engi-
neering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals. 
‘‘Sec. 3168. Definitions. 
‘‘Sec. 3169. Authorization of appropriations.’’. 
SEC. 10112. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; 
HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM; OFFICE 
OF SCIENCE EMERGING BIOLOGICAL THREAT 
PREPAREDNESS 
RESEARCH 
INITIATIVE; 
MIDSCALE 
INSTRUMENTATION 
AND 
RE-
SEARCH EQUIPMENT PROGRAM; AUTHORIZA-
TION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) (as 
amended by section 10111(a)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish a high 
intensity laser research initiative consistent with the rec-
ommendations of the National Academies report entitled 
‘Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the 
Brightest Light’ and the report from the Brightest Light 
Initiative workshop entitled ‘The Future of Intense 
Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.’. The initiative should include 
research and development of petawatt-scale and of high av-
erage power laser technologies necessary for future facility 
needs in discovery science and to advance energy tech-
nologies, as well as support for a user network of academic 
and National Laboratory high intensity laser facilities. 
‘‘(b) LEVERAGE.—The Director shall leverage new 
laser technologies for more compact, less complex, and low- 
cost accelerator systems needed for science applications. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.— 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Director shall coordinate 
the initiative established under subsection (a) among 
all relevant programs within the Office of Science. 
‘‘(2) UNDER SECRETARY.—The Under Secretary 
for Science shall coordinate the initiative established 
under subsection (a) with other relevant programs 
within the Department and other Federal agencies. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science
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in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this 
section— 
‘‘(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 
program to reduce the consumption of helium for Depart-
ment grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium 
recycling and reuse. The program shall competitively award 
grants for— 
‘‘(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, reuse, 
and recycle helium; 
‘‘(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair of 
new and existing helium capture, reuse, and recycling 
equipment; and 
‘‘(3) helium alternatives research and develop-
ment activities. 
‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of the Research and Development, Competi-
tion, and Innovation Act, and every 3 years thereafter, the 
Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space,
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
a report on the purchase of helium as part of research 
projects and facilities supported by the Department. The re-
port shall include— 
‘‘(1) the quantity of helium purchased for 
projects and facilities supported by Department 
grants; 
‘‘(2) a cost-analysis for such helium; 
‘‘(3) to the maximum extent practicable, infor-
mation on whether such helium was imported from 
outside the United States, and if available, the coun-
try or region of the world from which the helium was 
imported; 
‘‘(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium 
supply shortages or prices on the research projects 
and facilities supported by the Department; and 
‘‘(5) recommendations for reducing Department 
grant recipients’ exposure to volatile helium prices 
and supply shortages. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program 
under this section, the Director shall coordinate with the 
National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal 
agencies on helium conservation activities.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(d) DURATION.—The program established under this 
section shall receive support for a period of not more than 
5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(e) RENEWAL.—Upon expiration of any period of 
support of the program under this section, the Director may 
renew support for the program for a period of not more 
than 5 years. 
‘‘SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE BIOLOGICAL THREAT PRE-
PAREDNESS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish with-
in the Office of Science a cross-cutting research initiative, 
to be known as the ‘Biological Threat Preparedness Re-
search Initiative’, to leverage the innovative analytical re-
sources and tools, user facilities, and advanced computa-
tional and networking capabilities of the Department in 
order to support efforts that prevent, prepare for, predict, 
and respond to biological threats to national security, in-
cluding infectious diseases. 
‘‘(b) COMPETITIVE, MERIT-REVIEWED PROCESS.—The 
Secretary shall carry out the initiative established under 
subsection (a) through a competitive, merit-reviewed proc-
ess, and consider applications from National Laboratories, 
institutions of higher education, multi-institutional collabo-
rations, industry partners and other appropriate entities.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(c) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the initiative estab-
lished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) determine a comprehensive set of technical 
milestones for the research activities described in that 
subsection; 
‘‘(2) prioritize the objectives of— 
‘‘(A) supporting fundamental research and 
development in advanced analytics, experimental 
studies, materials synthesis, and high-perform-
ance computing technologies needed in order to 
more quickly and effectively characterize, model, 
simulate, and predict complex natural phe-
nomena and biological materials related to 
emerging biological threats; 
‘‘(B) supporting the development of tools 
that inform epidemiological modeling, and ap-
plying artificial intelligence, machine learning, 
and other computing tools to accelerate such 
processes; 
‘‘(C) supporting research and capabilities 
that enhance understanding and modeling of the 
transport of pathogens in indoor and outdoor air 
and water environments;
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‘‘(D) identifying priority research opportu-
nities and capabilities for molecular design and 
modeling for medical countermeasures; 
‘‘(E) ensuring that new experimental and 
computational tools are accessible to relevant re-
search communities, including private sector en-
tities and other Federal research institutions; 
and 
‘‘(F) supporting activities and projects that 
combine computational modeling and simulation 
with experimental research facilities and studies; 
‘‘(3) leverage the research infrastructure of the 
Department, including scientific computing user fa-
cilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering facili-
ties, nanoscale science research centers, and sequenc-
ing and biocharacterization facilities; 
‘‘(4) leverage experience from existing modeling 
and simulation research and work sponsored by the 
Department and promote collaboration and data 
sharing between National Laboratories, research enti-
ties, and user facilities of the Department by pro-
viding necessary access and secure data transfer ca-
pabilities; and 
‘‘(5) ensure that new experimental and computa-
tional tools are accessible to relevant research commu-
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nities, including private sector entities, to address 
emerging biological threats. 
‘‘(d) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the initiative 
established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordi-
nate activities with— 
‘‘(1) other relevant offices of the Department; 
‘‘(2) the National Nuclear Security Administra-
tion; 
‘‘(3) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(4) the Director of the National Science Foun-
dation; 
‘‘(5) the Director of the Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention; 
‘‘(6) the Director of the National Institutes of 
Health; 
‘‘(7) the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness 
and Response; 
‘‘(8) the heads of other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(9) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(10) the private sector. 
‘‘(e) INFECTIOUS
DISEASES
HIGH
PERFORMANCE 
COMPUTING RESEARCH CONSORTIUM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordina-
tion with the Director of the National Science Foun-
dation and the Director of the Office of Science and
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Technology Policy, shall establish and operate an 
Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance 
Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this 
section as the ‘Consortium’), to support the initiative 
established under subsection (a) by providing, to the 
extent practicable, a centralized entity for multidisci-
plinary, collaborative, emerging infectious disease and 
biosecurity research and development through high 
performance computing and advanced data analytics 
technologies and processes, in conjunction with the ex-
perimental research facilities and studies supported 
by the Department. 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The members of the Consor-
tium may include representatives from relevant Fed-
eral agencies, the National Laboratories, the private 
sector, and institutions of higher education, which 
can each contribute relevant compute time, capabili-
ties, or other resources. 
‘‘(3) ACTIVITIES.—The Consortium shall— 
‘‘(A) match applicants with available Fed-
eral and private sector computing resources; 
‘‘(B) consider supplemental awards for com-
puting partnerships with Consortium members 
to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-re-
view basis;
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‘‘(C) encourage collaboration and commu-
nication among member representatives of the 
Consortium and awardees; 
‘‘(D) provide access to the high-performance 
computing capabilities, expertise, and user fa-
cilities of the Department and the National Lab-
oratories; and 
‘‘(E) submit an annual report to the Sec-
retary summarizing the activities of the Consor-
tium, including— 
‘‘(i) describing each project undertaken 
by the Consortium; 
‘‘(ii) detailing organizational expendi-
tures; and 
‘‘(iii) evaluating contributions to the 
achievement of technical milestones as deter-
mined in subsection (a). 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall ensure 
the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplica-
tion of, the activities of the Consortium with the ac-
tivities of other research entities of the Department, 
other Federal research institutions, institutions of 
higher education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(f) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of the Research and Development, Competi-
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tion, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Represent-
atives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 
and Pensions of the Senate, a report detailing the effective-
ness of— 
‘‘(1) the interagency coordination among each 
Federal agency involved in the initiative established 
under subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) the collaborative research achievements of 
that initiative, including the achievement of the tech-
nical milestones determined under that subsection; 
and 
‘‘(3) potential opportunities to expand the tech-
nical capabilities of the Department. 
‘‘(g) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section $50,000,000 for each of fis-
cal years 2023 through 2027.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘SEC. 316. MIDSCALE INSTRUMENTATION AND RESEARCH 
EQUIPMENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish a 
midscale instrumentation and research equipment program 
to develop, acquire, and commercialize research instrumen-
tation and equipment needed to meet the missions of the 
Department and to provide platform technologies for the 
broader scientific community. 
‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES.—Under the program established 
under subsection (a), the Director shall— 
‘‘(1) enable the development and acquisition of 
novel, state-of-the-art instruments that— 
‘‘(A) range in cost from $1,000,000 to 
$20,000,000 each; and 
‘‘(B) would significantly accelerate sci-
entific breakthroughs at user facilities; and 
‘‘(2) strongly encourage partnerships among— 
‘‘(A) National Laboratories; 
‘‘(B) user facilities; and 
‘‘(C)(i) institutions in a State receiving 
funding under the Established Program to Stim-
ulate Competitive Research established under sec-
tion 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 
(42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)); 
‘‘(ii) historically Black colleges or univer-
sities;
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‘‘(iii) minority-serving institutions of high-
er education; or 
‘‘(iv) institutions of higher education in a 
rural area. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS.—The 
Director shall coordinate the program established under 
subsection (a) with all other programs carried out by the 
Office of Science of the Department. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY DE-
VELOPMENT COORDINATION.—The Director shall encourage 
coordination among the Office of Science, the National Lab-
oratories, the Office of Technology Transitions, and relevant 
academic and private sector entities to identify, dissemi-
nate, and commercialize research instruments, equipment, 
and related technologies developed to aid basic science re-
search discoveries that meet the mission of the Department. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to 
carry out this section $150,000,000 for each of fiscals years 
2023 through 2027. 
‘‘SEC. 317. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the activities described in this title— 
‘‘(1) $8,902,392,400 for fiscal year 2023;
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‘‘(2) $9,541,895,744 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $10,068,198,994 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $10,468,916,520 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $10,831,342,317 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—Section 1(b) of the Depart-
ment of Energy Research and Innovation Act is amended 
in the table of contents by inserting after the item relating 
to section 309 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development. 
‘‘Sec. 311. Isotope research, development, and production. 
‘‘Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists. 
‘‘Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 314. Helium conservation program. 
‘‘Sec. 315. Office of Science Biological Threat Preparedness Research Initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 316. Midscale instrumentation and research equipment program. 
‘‘Sec. 317. Authorization of appropriations.’’. 
SEC. 10113. ESTABLISHED PROGRAM TO STIMULATE COM-
PETITIVE RESEARCH. 
(a) RESEARCH AREAS.—Section 2203(b)(3)(E) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(E)) is 
amended— 
(1) in the subparagraph heading, by striking ‘‘IN 
AREAS
OF
APPLIED
ENERGY
RESEARCH, ENVIRON-
MENTAL MANAGEMENT, AND BASIC SCIENCE’’; 
(2) in clause (i)— 
(A) in subclause (I), by inserting ‘‘nuclear 
energy,’’ before ‘‘and’’; and 
(B) by striking subclause (V) and inserting 
the following:
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(V) scientific research, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(aa) 
advanced 
scientific 
computing research; 
‘‘(bb) basic energy sciences; 
‘‘(cc) biological and environ-
mental research; 
‘‘(dd) fusion energy sciences; 
‘‘(ee) high energy physics; 
‘‘(ff) nuclear physics; 
‘‘(gg) isotope research, devel-
opment, and production; 
‘‘(hh) 
accelerator 
research, 
development, and production; and 
‘‘(ii) other areas of research 
funded by the Office of Science, as 
determined by the Secretary.’’; 
and 
(3) in clause (ii)— 
(A) in subclause (II), by striking ‘‘grad-
uate’’ and inserting ‘‘undergraduate scholar-
ships, graduate fellowships, and’’; 
(B) in subclause (III), by striking ‘‘; and’’ 
and inserting ‘‘and staff;’’; 
(C) in subclause (IV)—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(i) by striking ‘‘biennial’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘annual’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(V) to develop research clusters 
for particular areas of expertise; and 
‘‘(VI) to diversify the future work-
force.’’. 
(b) RESEARCH CAPABILITY ENHANCEMENT.—Section 
2203(b)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)) is amended by striking subparagraph (F) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(F) RESEARCH
CAPABILITY
ENHANCE-
MENT.— 
‘‘(i) 
SCHOLARSHIPS
AND
FELLOW-
SHIPS.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Pursuant to 
subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
shall award grants to institutions of 
higher education in eligible jurisdic-
tions for those institutions of higher 
education to provide scholarships and 
fellowships.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(II) GRANT.—A scholarship or 
fellowship awarded by an institution of 
higher education in an eligible juris-
diction using a grant provided under 
subclause (I)— 
‘‘(aa) in the case of an un-
dergraduate scholarship— 
‘‘(AA) shall be for a pe-
riod of 1 year; and 
‘‘(BB) may be competi-
tively renewable on an an-
nual basis; and 
‘‘(bb) in the case of a grad-
uate level fellowship, shall be for a 
period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(ii) EARLY CAREER CAPACITY DEVEL-
OPMENT.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Pursuant to 
subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
shall award grants to early career fac-
ulty and staff at institutions of higher 
education in eligible jurisdictions— 
‘‘(aa) to support investi-
gator-initiated research, including
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
associated research equipment and 
instrumentation; 
‘‘(bb) to support activities as-
sociated with identifying and re-
sponding to funding opportuni-
ties; 
‘‘(cc) to secure technical as-
sistance for the pursuit of funding 
opportunities; and 
‘‘(dd) to develop and enhance 
collaboration 
among 
National 
Laboratories, Department of En-
ergy programs, the private sector, 
and other relevant entities. 
‘‘(II) GRANTS.—A grant awarded 
under subclause (I) shall be— 
‘‘(aa) for a period of not 
more than 5 years; and 
‘‘(bb) competitively renewable 
for an additional 5-year period. 
‘‘(iii) RESEARCH CAPACITY DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Pursuant to 
subparagraph (E)(ii), the Secretary 
shall award competitive grants to in-
260 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
stitutions of higher education in eligi-
ble jurisdictions for research capacity 
development and implementation, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(aa) developing expertise in 
key technology areas, including 
associated equipment and instru-
mentation; 
‘‘(bb) developing and acquir-
ing novel, state-of-the-art instru-
ments and equipment that range 
in 
cost 
from 
$500,000 
to 
$20,000,000; 
‘‘(cc) enhancing collaboration 
with National Laboratories, the 
Department of Energy, and the 
private sector through faculty or 
staff placement programs; and 
‘‘(dd) 
supporting 
formal 
partnership programs with insti-
tutions of higher education and 
National Laboratories. 
‘‘(II) GRANTS.—A grant awarded 
under subclause (I) shall be—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(aa) for a period of not 
more than 5 years; and 
‘‘(bb) renewable for an addi-
tional 5-year period. 
‘‘(III) EQUIPMENT
AND
INSTRU-
MENTATION.—To the maximum extent 
practicable, the Secretary shall ensure 
that research equipment and instru-
mentation developed or acquired pur-
suant to a grant awarded under sub-
clause (I) may sustain continued oper-
ation and be maintained without the 
need for additional or subsequent fund-
ing under this section.’’. 
(c) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE.—Section 
2203(b)(3)(G) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13503(b)(3)(G)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(iii) UPDATE.—Not later than 270 
days after the date of enactment of the Re-
search and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(I) update the plan submitted 
under clause (i); and
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(bb) the amount and type of each 
award; 
‘‘(III) the number of awards that 
are not EPSCoR awards made by the 
Secretary to institutions of higher edu-
cation located in eligible jurisdictions; 
‘‘(IV)(aa) the number of represent-
atives of institutions of higher edu-
cation in eligible jurisdictions serving 
on each Office of Science advisory com-
mittee; and 
‘‘(bb) for each such advisory com-
mittee, the percentage of committee 
membership that those individuals con-
stitute; and 
‘‘(V) the number of individuals 
from institutions of higher education 
in eligible jurisdictions serving on peer 
review committees.’’. 
(e) FUNDING.—Section 2203(b)(3) of the Energy Pol-
icy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(I) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(i) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—There are authorized to be appro-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
priated to the Secretary to carry out 
EPSCoR, to remain available until ex-
pended— 
‘‘(I) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(II) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(III) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; 
‘‘(IV) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026; and 
‘‘(V) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
2027. 
‘‘(ii) GRANTS TO CONSORTIA.—In the 
case of an EPSCoR grant awarded to a 
consortium that contains institutions of 
higher education that are not located in eli-
gible 
jurisdictions, 
the 
Secretary 
may 
count— 
‘‘(I) the full amount of funds ex-
pended to provide the grant towards 
meeting the funding requirement in 
clause (iii) if the lead entity of the con-
sortium is an institution of higher edu-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
cation located in an eligible jurisdic-
tion; and 
‘‘(II) only the funds provided to 
institutions of higher education located 
in eligible jurisdictions towards meet-
ing the funding requirement in clause 
(iii) if the lead entity of the consor-
tium is an institution of higher edu-
cation that is not located in an eligible 
jurisdiction. 
‘‘(iii) ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR ELIGI-
BLE JURISDICTIONS.—In addition to funds 
authorized to be appropriated under clause 
(i), the Secretary, to the maximum extent 
practicable while maintaining the competi-
tive, merit-based award processes of the Of-
fice of Science, shall ensure that, of the re-
search and development funds of the Office 
of Science that are awarded by the Sec-
retary each year to institutions of higher 
education, not less than 10 percent is 
awarded to institutions of higher education 
in eligible jurisdictions pursuant to the 
evaluation and selection criteria in section
266 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
605.10 of title 10, Code of Federal Regula-
tions (or successor regulations). 
‘‘(iv) ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR EQUIP-
MENT AND INSTRUMENTATION.—In addition 
to funds authorized to be appropriated 
under clause (i), there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to award 
grants under subparagraph (F)(iii)(I) for 
the purpose described in item (bb) of that 
subparagraph $25,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027, to remain avail-
able until expended. 
‘‘(v) ACCOUNTING.—To the maximum 
extent practicable, the Secretary shall en-
sure that each program within the Depart-
ment of Energy that endorses an EPSCoR 
grant awardee shall contribute funding to 
the award to acknowledge the research bene-
fits to the mission of that program.’’. 
(f) ADVISORY
COMMITTEES
TO
THE
OFFICE
OF 
SCIENCE.—In order to improve the advice and guidance 
provided to the Office of Science, the Undersecretary for 
Science shall seek to ensure, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the robust participation of institutions of higher 
education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
267 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) located in eligible ju-
risdictions (as defined in section 2203(b)(3)(A) of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)(3)(A))) on the 
Office of Science Federal Advisory Committee. 
(g) TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.—Section 2203(b) of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13503(b)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘(1) The Sec-
retary’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH
REACTORS.—The 
Secretary’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘(2) The Sec-
retary’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(2) METHOD TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF 
EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—The Secretary’’. 
SEC. 10114. RESEARCH SECURITY. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) COUNTRY OF RISK.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The term ‘‘country of 
risk’’ means a foreign country determined by the 
Secretary, in accordance with subparagraph (B), 
to present a risk of theft of United States intel-
lectual property or a threat to the national secu-
rity of the United States if nationals of the coun-
try, or entities owned or controlled by the coun-
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
try or nationals of the country, participate in 
any research, development, demonstration, or de-
ployment activity authorized under this division 
or division A or an amendment made by this di-
vision or division A. 
(B) DETERMINATION.—In making a deter-
mination under subparagraph (A), the Sec-
retary, in coordination with the Director of the 
Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 
shall take into consideration— 
(i) the most recent World Wide Threat 
Assessment of the United States Intelligence 
Community, prepared by the Director of 
National Intelligence; and 
(ii) the most recent National Counter-
intelligence Strategy of the United States. 
(2) COVERED SUPPORT.—The term ‘‘covered sup-
port’’ means any grant, contract, subcontract, award, 
loan, program, support, or other activity authorized 
under this division or division A, or an amendment 
made by this division or division A. 
(3) ENTITY OF CONCERN.—The term ‘‘entity of 
concern’’ means any entity, including a national, 
that is—
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(A) identified under section 1237(b) of the 
Strom Thurmond National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (50 U.S.C. 1701 
note; Public Law 105–261); 
(B) identified under section 1260H of the 
William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 
U.S.C. 113 note; Public Law 116–283); 
(C) on the Entity List maintained by the 
Bureau of Industry and Security of the Depart-
ment of Commerce and set forth in Supplement 
No. 4 to part 744 of title 15, Code of Federal 
Regulations; 
(D) included in the list required by section 
9(b)(3) of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act 
of 2020 (Public Law 116–145; 134 Stat. 656); or 
(E) identified by the Secretary, in coordina-
tion with the Director of the Office of Intelligence 
and Counterintelligence and the applicable office 
that would provide, or is providing, covered sup-
port, as posing an unmanageable threat— 
(i) to the national security of the 
United States; or 
(ii) of theft or loss of United States in-
tellectual property.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(4) NATIONAL.—The term ‘‘national’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 101 of the Immi-
gration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(b) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RISK ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall develop 
and maintain tools and processes to manage and 
mitigate research security risks, such as a science and 
technology risk matrix, informed by threats identified 
by the Director of the Office of Intelligence and Coun-
terintelligence, to facilitate determinations of the risk 
of loss of United States intellectual property or threat 
to the national security of the United States posed by 
activities carried out under any covered support. 
(2) CONTENT AND IMPLEMENTATION.—In devel-
oping and using the tools and processes developed 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
(A) deploy risk-based approaches to evalu-
ating, awarding, and managing certain research, 
development, demonstration, and deployment ac-
tivities, including designations that will indicate 
the relative risk of activities; 
(B) assess, to the extent practicable, ongoing 
high-risk activities;
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(C) designate an officer or employee of the 
Department of Energy to be responsible for 
tracking and notifying recipients of any covered 
support of unmanageable threats to United 
States national security or of theft or loss of 
United States intellectual property posed by an 
entity of concern; 
(D) consider requiring recipients of covered 
support to implement additional research secu-
rity mitigations for higher-risk activities if ap-
propriate; and 
(E) support the development of research se-
curity training for recipients of covered support 
on the risks posed by entities of concern. 
(3) ANNUAL UPDATES.—The tools and processes 
developed under paragraph (1) shall be evaluated an-
nually and updated as needed, with threat-informed 
input from the Office of Intelligence and Counterintel-
ligence, to reflect changes in the risk designation 
under paragraph (2)(A) of research, development, 
demonstration, and deployment activities conducted 
by the Department. 
(c) ENTITY OF CONCERN.— 
(1) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), no entity of concern, or individual that
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
owns or controls, is owned or controlled by, or is 
under common ownership or control with an entity of 
concern, may receive, or perform work under, any 
covered support. 
(2) WAIVER OF PROHIBITION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary may 
waive the prohibition under paragraph (1) if de-
termined by the Secretary to be in the national 
interest. 
(B) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not less 
than 2 weeks prior to issuing a waiver under 
subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall notify the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives 
of the intent to issue the waiver, including a jus-
tification for the waiver. 
(3) PENALTY.— 
(A) TERMINATION OF SUPPORT.—On find-
ing that any entity of concern or individual de-
scribed in paragraph (1) has received covered 
support and has not received a waiver under 
paragraph (2), the Secretary shall terminate all 
covered support to that entity of concern or indi-
vidual, as applicable.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
(B) PENALTIES.—An entity of concern or 
individual identified under subparagraph (A) 
shall be— 
(i) prohibited from receiving or par-
ticipating in covered support for a period of 
not less than 1 year but not more than 10 
years, as determined by the Secretary; or 
(ii) instead of the penalty described in 
clause (i), subject to any other penalties au-
thorized under applicable law or regulations 
that the Secretary determines to be in the 
national interest. 
(C) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Prior to 
imposing a penalty under subparagraph (B), the 
Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate and the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives of the intent to im-
pose the penalty, including a description of and 
justification for the penalty. 
(4) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall— 
(A) share information about the unmanage-
able threats described in subsection (a)(3)(E) 
with other Federal agencies; and
274 
† HR 4346 EAS2 
(B) develop consistent approaches to identi-
fying entities of concern. 
(d) INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS.—This section shall 
be applied in a manner consistent with the obligations of 
the United States under international agreements. 
(e) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 240 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report that— 
(1) describes— 
(A) the tools and processes developed under 
subsection (b)(1) and any updates to those tools 
and processes; and 
(B) if applicable, the science and technology 
risk matrix developed under that subsection and 
how that matrix has been applied; 
(2) includes a mitigation plan for managing 
risks posed by countries of risk with respect to future 
or ongoing research and development activities of the 
Department of Energy; and 
(3) defines critical research areas, designated by 
risk, as determined by the Secretary.
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE 
OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE 
SEC. 10201. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology. 
(2) ENROLLMENT
OF
NEEDY
STUDENTS.—The 
term ‘‘enrollment of needy students’’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 312(d) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(d)). 
(3) 
FRAMEWORK.—The 
term 
‘‘Framework’’ 
means the Framework for Improving Critical Infra-
structure Cybersecurity developed by the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology and referred to 
in Executive Order No. 13800 issued on May 11, 
2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391 et seq.). 
(4) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Institute’’ means the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology. 
(5) 
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS
ORGANIZA-
TION.—The term ‘‘international standards organiza-
tion’’ has the meaning given such term in section 451 
of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 
2571).
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(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Commerce. 
Subtitle A—Authorization of 
Appropriations 
SEC. 10211. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) FISCAL YEAR 2023.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,551,450,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2023. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount au-
thorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $979,100,000 is authorized for scientific 
and technical research and services laboratory 
activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the con-
struction and maintenance of facilities, of which 
$80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major Re-
pairs; and 
(C) $372,350,000 is authorized for indus-
trial technology services activities, of which 
$275,300,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the
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National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 278l) (of which 
$31,000,000 is authorized to establish the Na-
tional Supply Chain Database under section 
10253) and $97,050,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the Manufacturing USA Program 
under section 34 of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2024.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,651,600,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2024. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount au-
thorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,047,600,000 is authorized for sci-
entific and technical research and services lab-
oratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the con-
struction and maintenance of facilities, of which 
$80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major Re-
pairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and
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ply chain databases maintained by the Centers 
(as such term is defined in such section 25 of 
such Act)) and $209,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Manufacturing USA Pro-
gram under section 34 of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278s). 
(e) FISCAL YEAR 2027.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be ap-
propriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$2,283,360,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2027. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount au-
thorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,283,360,000 is authorized for sci-
entific and technical research and services lab-
oratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the con-
struction and maintenance of facilities, of which 
$80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major Re-
pairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and 
(C) $800,000,000 is authorized for indus-
trial technology services activities, of which
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$550,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 23 278l) (of 
which $26,000,000 is authorized to maintain, 
update, and support Federal coordination of 
State supply chain databases maintained by the 
Centers (as such term is defined in such section 
25 of such Act)) and $250,000,000 is authorized 
to be appropriated for the Manufacturing USA 
Program under section 34 of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278s). 
Subtitle B—Measurement Research 
SEC. 10221. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY AND BIOMETROLOGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordination with 
the National Engineering Biology Research and Develop-
ment Initiative established pursuant to title IV, shall— 
(1) support basic measurement science and tech-
nology research for engineering biology, biomanufac-
turing, and biometrology to advance— 
(A) measurement technologies to support 
foundational understanding of the mechanisms of
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conversion of DNA information into cellular 
function; 
(B) technologies for measurement of such 
biomolecular components and related systems; 
(C) new data tools, techniques, and proc-
esses to improve engineering biology, biomanu-
facturing, and biometrology research; and 
(D) other areas of measurement science and 
technology research determined by the Director to 
be critical to the development and deployment of 
engineering biology, biomanufacturing and bio-
metrology; 
(2) support activities to inform and expand the 
development of measurements infrastructure needed to 
develop technical standards to establish interoper-
ability and facilitate commercial development of bio-
molecular measurement technology and engineering 
biology applications; 
(3) convene industry, institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 
and other Federal agencies engaged in engineering bi-
ology research and development to develop coordinated 
technical roadmaps for authoritative measurement of 
the molecular components of the cell;
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(4) provide access to user facilities with ad-
vanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and 
other resources to industry, institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, and government 
agencies to perform research and testing; 
(5) establish or expand collaborative partner-
ships or consortia with other Federal agencies en-
gaged in engineering biology research and develop-
ment, institutions of higher education, Federal lab-
oratories, and industry to advance engineering biol-
ogy applications; and 
(6) support graduate and postgraduate research 
and training in biometrology, biomanufacturing, and 
engineering biology. 
(b) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
may be construed to alter the policies, processes, or practices 
of individual Federal agencies in effect on the day before 
the date of the enactment of this Act relating to the conduct 
or support of biomedical research and advanced develop-
ment, including the solicitation and review of extramural 
research proposals. 
(c) CONTROLS.—In carrying out activities authorized 
by this section, the Secretary shall ensure proper security 
controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as ap-
propriate.
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SEC. 10222. GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consultation with 
the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration, the Director of the National Science Founda-
tion, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Fed-
eral agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out a measure-
ment research program to inform the development or im-
provement of best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, 
procedures, and technical standards for the measurement of 
greenhouse gas emissions and to assess and improve the per-
formance of greenhouse gas emissions measurement systems 
placed in situ and on space-based platforms. 
(b) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out such a program, the 
Director may— 
(1) conduct research and testing to improve the 
accuracy, efficacy, and reliability of the measurement 
of greenhouse gas emissions at a range of scales that 
covers direct measurement at the component or proc-
ess level through atmospheric observations; 
(2) conduct research to create novel measurement 
technologies and techniques for the measurement of 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
(3) convene and engage with relevant Federal 
agencies and stakeholders to establish common defini-
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tions and characterizations for the measurement of 
greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account any ex-
isting United States and international technical 
standards and guidance; 
(4) conduct outreach and coordination to share 
technical expertise with relevant industry and non-
industry stakeholders and standards development or-
ganizations to— 
(A) assist such entities in the development 
and adoption of best practices and technical 
standards for greenhouse gas emissions measure-
ments; and 
(B) promote consistency and traceability in 
international reference standards and central 
calibration laboratories; 
(5) in coordination with the Administrator of 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, and the Secretary of Energy, develop 
such standard reference materials as the Director de-
termines is necessary to further the development of 
such technical standards, taking into account any ex-
isting United States or international standards; 
(6) coordinate with the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration to ensure data are man-
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aged, stewarded, and archived at all levels and pro-
mote full and open exchange at Federal and State lev-
els, and with academia, industry, and other users; 
and 
(7) coordinate with international partners, in-
cluding international standards organizations, to 
maintain global greenhouse gas measurement tech-
nical standards. 
(c) TESTBEDS.—In coordination with the private sec-
tor, institutions of higher education, State and local govern-
ments, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department 
of Energy, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, the 
Director may continue to develop and manage testbeds to 
advance research and standards development for greenhouse 
gas emissions measurements from in situ and space-based 
platforms. 
(d) CENTER FOR GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENTS, 
STANDARDS, AND INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in collaboration 
with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, and the heads of 
other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall establish 
a Center for Greenhouse Gas Measurements, Stand-
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ards, and Information (in this subsection referred to 
as the ‘‘Center’’). 
(2) COLLABORATIONS.—The Director shall re-
quire that the activities of the Center include collabo-
ration among public and private organizations, in-
cluding institutions of higher education, nonprofit or-
ganizations, private sector entities, and State, Tribal, 
territorial, and local officials. 
(3) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center shall 
be to— 
(A) advance measurement science, data 
analytics, and modeling at a range of scales that 
covers direct measurement and estimation at the 
component or process level through atmospheric 
observations and at the analysis level to improve 
the accuracy of spatially and temporally resolved 
greenhouse gas emissions measurement, valida-
tion, and attribution to specific underlying ac-
tivities and processes; 
(B) test and evaluate the performance of ex-
isting capabilities, and inform and improve best 
practices, benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, 
and technical standards, for the measurement 
and validation of greenhouse gas emissions at 
scales noted in subparagraph (A);
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(C) educate and train students in measure-
ment science, computational science, and systems 
engineering research relevant to greenhouse gas 
emissions measurements; 
(D) foster collaboration among academic re-
searchers, private sector stakeholders, and State, 
Tribal, territorial, and local officials in the use 
of Institute testbeds as described in subsection 
(c); 
(E) conduct activities with research institu-
tions, industry partners, and State and local of-
ficials to identify research, testing, and technical 
standards needs relevant to greenhouse gas emis-
sions; and 
(F) collaborate with other Federal agencies 
to conduct outreach and coordination to share 
and promote technical data, tools, and expertise 
with relevant public and private sector stake-
holders, including State, Tribal, territorial, and 
local officials, to assist such in the accurate 
measurement of greenhouse gas emissions.
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SEC. 10223. NIST AUTHORITY FOR CYBERSECURITY AND 
PRIVACY ACTIVITIES. 
Subsection (c) of section 2 of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (16), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (16) through 
(27) as paragraphs (21) through (32), respectively; 
and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (15) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(16) support information security measures for 
the development and lifecycle of software and the soft-
ware supply chain, including development of vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best 
practices, 
frameworks, 
methodologies, 
procedures, 
processes, and software engineering toolkits and con-
figurations; 
‘‘(17) support information security measures, in-
cluding voluntary, consensus-based technical stand-
ards, best practices, and guidelines, for the design, 
adoption, and deployment of cloud computing serv-
ices;
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‘‘(18) support research, development, and prac-
tical application to improve the usability of cyberse-
curity processes and technologies; 
‘‘(19) facilitate and support the development of 
a voluntary, consensus-based set of technical stand-
ards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, proce-
dures, and processes to improve privacy protections 
in systems, technologies, and processes used by both 
the public and private sector; 
‘‘(20) support privacy measures, including vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best 
practices, guidelines, metrology, and testbeds for the 
design, adoption, and deployment of privacy enhanc-
ing technologies;’’. 
SEC. 10224. SOFTWARE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION. 
(a) VULNERABILITIES IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE.— 
The Director shall assign severity metrics to identified 
vulnerabilities with open source software and produce vol-
untary guidance to assist the entities that maintain open 
source software repositories to discover and mitigate 
vulnerabilities. 
(b) 
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED
DE-
FENSES.—The Director shall carry out research and testing 
to improve the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-enabled 
cybersecurity, including by generating optimized data sets
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to train artificial intelligence defense systems and evalu-
ating the performance of varying network architectures at 
strengthening network security. 
(c) AUTHENTICATION OF INSTITUTE SOFTWARE.—The 
Director shall ensure all software released by the Institute 
is digitally signed and maintained to enable stakeholders 
to verify its authenticity and integrity upon installation 
and execution. 
(d) ASSISTANCE TO INSPECTORS GENERAL.—Subject 
to available funding, the Director shall provide technical 
assistance to improve the education and training of indi-
vidual Federal agency Inspectors General and staff who are 
responsible for the annual independent evaluation they are 
required to perform of the information security program 
and practices of Federal agencies under section 3555 of title 
44, United States Code. 
(e) SOFTWARE
SUPPLY
CHAIN
SECURITY
PRAC-
TICES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall, in coordi-
nation with industry, academia, and other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, develop a set of security out-
comes and practices, including security controls, con-
trol enhancements, supplemental guidance, or other 
supporting information to enable software developers
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and operators to identify, assess, and manage cyberse-
curity risks over the full lifecycle of software products. 
(2) OUTREACH.—The Director shall conduct out-
reach and coordination activities to share technical 
expertise with Federal agencies, relevant industry 
stakeholders, and standards development organiza-
tions, as appropriate, to encourage the voluntary 
adoption of the software lifecycle security practices by 
Federal agencies and industry stakeholders. 
SEC. 10225. DIGITAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH. 
Section 504 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 
2014 (15 U.S.C. 7464) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a 
program of research to support the development of vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best practices, 
benchmarks, methodologies, metrology, testbeds, and con-
formance criteria for identity management, taking into ac-
count appropriate user concerns to— 
‘‘(1) improve interoperability and portability 
among identity management technologies; 
‘‘(2) 
strengthen 
identity 
proofing 
and 
verification methods used in identity management 
systems commensurate with the level of risk, including
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† HR 4346 EAS2 
‘‘(B) provide case studies of implementation 
of guidance; 
‘‘(C) incorporate voluntary technical stand-
ards and industry best practices; and 
‘‘(D) not prescribe or otherwise require the 
use of specific technology products or services. 
‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall consult with— 
‘‘(A) Federal and State agencies; 
‘‘(B) industry; 
‘‘(C) potential end-users and individuals 
that will use services related to digital identity 
verification; and 
‘‘(D) experts with relevant experience in the 
systems that enable digital identity verification, 
as determined by the Director.’’. 
SEC. 10226. BIOMETRICS RESEARCH AND TESTING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Director, shall establish a program to support measurement 
research to inform the development of best practices, bench-
marks, methodologies, procedures, and voluntary, con-
sensus-based technical standards for biometric identifica-
tion systems, including facial recognition systems, to assess 
and improve the performance of such systems. In carrying 
out such program, the Director may—
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(1) conduct measurement research to support ef-
forts to improve the performance of biometric identi-
fication systems, including in areas related to con-
formity assessment, image quality and interoper-
ability, contactless biometric capture technologies, and 
human-in-the-loop biometric identification systems 
and processes; 
(2) convene and engage with relevant stake-
holders to establish common definitions and charac-
terizations for biometric identification systems, which 
may include accuracy, fairness, bias, privacy, con-
sent, and other properties, taking into account defini-
tions in relevant international technical standards 
and other publications; 
(3) carry out measurement research and testing 
on a range of biometric modalities, such as finger-
prints, voice, iris, face, vein, behavioral biometrics, 
genetics, multimodal biometrics, and emerging appli-
cations of biometric identification technology; 
(4) study the use of privacy-enhancing tech-
nologies and other technical protective controls to fa-
cilitate access, as appropriate, to public data sets for 
biometric research; 
(5) conduct outreach and coordination to share 
technical expertise with relevant industry and non-
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industry stakeholders and standards development or-
ganizations to assist such entities in the development 
of best practices and voluntary technical standards; 
and 
(6) develop such standard reference artifacts as 
the Director determines is necessary to further the de-
velopment of such voluntary technical standards. 
(b) BIOMETRICS TEST PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through 
the Director, shall carry out a test program to pro-
vide biometrics vendors the opportunity to test bio-
metric identification technologies across a range of 
modalities. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the program 
under this subsection, the Director shall— 
(A) conduct research and regular testing to 
improve and benchmark the accuracy, efficacy, 
and bias of biometric identification technologies, 
which may include research and testing on de-
mographic variations, capture devices, presen-
tation attack detection, partially occluded or 
computer generated images, privacy and security 
designs and controls, template protection, de- 
identification, and comparison of algorithm,
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human, and combined algorithm-human recogni-
tion capability; 
(B) develop an approach for testing soft-
ware and cloud-based biometrics applications, 
including remote systems, in Institute test facili-
ties; 
(C) establish reference use cases for biomet-
ric identification technologies and performance 
criteria for assessing each use case, including ac-
curacy, efficacy, and bias metrics; 
(D) produce public-facing reports of the 
findings from such testing for a general audi-
ence; 
(E) develop policies and procedures ac-
counting for the legal and social implications of 
activities under this paragraph when working 
with a foreign entity of concern (as such term is 
defined in section 10612); 
(F) establish procedures to prioritize testing 
of biometrics identification technologies devel-
oped by entities headquartered in the United 
States; and 
(G) conduct such other activities as deter-
mined necessary by the Director.
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(c) GAO REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 18 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a de-
tailed report to Congress on the impact of biometric identi-
fication technologies on historically marginalized commu-
nities, including low-income communities and minority re-
ligious, racial, and ethnic groups. Such report should be 
made publicly available on an internet website. 
SEC. 10227. FEDERAL BIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE STAND-
ARDS. 
Subsection (b) of section 20 of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ after the 
semicolon; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and 
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) performance standards and guidelines for 
high risk biometric identification systems, including 
facial recognition systems, accounting for various use 
cases, types of biometric identification systems, and 
relevant operational conditions.’’.
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SEC. 10228. PROTECTING RESEARCH FROM CYBERSECURITY 
THEFT. 
Subparagraph (A) of section 2(e)(1) of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
272(e)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in clause (viii), by striking ‘‘and’’ after the 
semicolon; 
(2) by redesignating clause (ix) as clause (x); 
and 
(3) by inserting after clause (viii) the following: 
‘‘(ix) consider institutions of higher 
education (as such term is defined in sec-
tion 101 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); and’’. 
SEC. 10229. DISSEMINATION OF RESOURCES FOR RE-
SEARCH INSTITUTIONS. 
(a) DISSEMINATION OF RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH 
INSTITUTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director 
shall, using the authorities of the Director under sub-
sections (c)(15) and (e)(1)(A)(ix) of section 2 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
(15 U.S.C. 272), disseminate and make publicly 
available tailored resources to help qualifying institu-