I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6782 
To protect clean air and public health by expanding fenceline and ambient 
air monitoring and access to air quality information for communities 
affected by air pollution, to require hazardous air pollutant monitoring 
at the fenceline of facilities whose emissions are linked to local health 
threats, to ensure the Environmental Protection Agency promulgates 
rules that require hazardous air pollutant data measurement and elec-
tronic submission at fencelines and stacks of industrial source categories, 
to expand and strengthen the national ambient air quality monitoring 
network, to deploy air quality systems in communities affected by air 
pollution, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 17, 2025 
Mr. CARTER of Louisiana (for himself, Mr. TONKO, Ms. NORTON, Mr. RUIZ, 
Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI, Mr. MULLIN, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, 
Mr. LANDSMAN, Ms. MCCLELLAN, Ms. JAYAPAL, Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ, 
Ms. DEXTER, Mrs. DINGELL, Mr. COHEN, Mr. CARSON, Mr. CASTEN, 
and Ms. CASTOR of Florida) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To protect clean air and public health by expanding fenceline 
and ambient air monitoring and access to air quality 
information for communities affected by air pollution, 
to require hazardous air pollutant monitoring at the 
fenceline of facilities whose emissions are linked to local 
health threats, to ensure the Environmental Protection 
Agency promulgates rules that require hazardous air pol-
lutant data measurement and electronic submission at 
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fencelines and stacks of industrial source categories, to 
expand and strengthen the national ambient air quality 
monitoring network, to deploy air quality systems in 
communities affected by air pollution, and for other pur-
poses. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Public Health Air 
Quality Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ACCIDENTAL
RELEASE.—The term ‘‘acci-
dental release’’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 112(r)(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7412(r)(2)). 
(2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 
(3) AIR QUALITY SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘air qual-
ity system’’ means an air quality sensor or set of 
sensors installed together with instruments to meas-
ure meteorology and store and transmit data. 
(4) AREA
SOURCE; HAZARDOUS
AIR
POLLUT-
ANT; MAJOR
SOURCE; NEW
SOURCE; STATIONARY 
SOURCE.—Except as otherwise provided, the terms 
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‘‘area source’’, ‘‘hazardous air pollutant’’, ‘‘major 
source’’, ‘‘new source’’, and ‘‘stationary source’’ have 
the meanings given those terms in section 112(a) of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(a)). 
(5) CUMULATIVE IMPACT.—The term ‘‘cumu-
lative impact’’ means the totality of exposures to 
combinations of chemical and nonchemical stressors, 
and the effects of those exposures on health, well- 
being, and quality of life outcomes. 
(6) CUMULATIVE RISK.—The term ‘‘cumulative 
risk’’ means the combined risks to health or the en-
vironment from multiple agents or stressors. 
(7) EMISSIONS
MEASUREMENT
SYSTEM.—The 
term ‘‘emissions measurement system’’ means a set 
of monitors, testing equipment, tools, and processes 
employed at a facility to measure emissions from di-
rect and fugitive points at a source or facility or at 
the fenceline of the source or facility that employs 
Environmental Protection Agency-approved or pro-
mulgated test methods for all measured pollutants 
for which a method is available. 
(8) FEDERAL EQUIVALENT METHOD; FEDERAL 
REFERENCE METHOD.—The terms ‘‘Federal equiva-
lent method’’ and ‘‘Federal reference method’’ have 
the meanings given those terms in section 53.1 of 
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title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or to the 
same or substantially similar terms in successor reg-
ulations). 
(9) METHOD 325A.—The term ‘‘Method 325A’’ 
means the most current version of the test method 
325A published by the Environmental Protection 
Agency. 
(10) 
METHOD
325B.—The 
term 
‘‘Method 
325B’’ means the most current version of the test 
method 325B published by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. 
(11) METHOD 327.—The term ‘‘Method 327’’ 
means the most current version of the test method 
327 published by the Environmental Protection 
Agency. 
(12) METHOD
TO–15A.—The term ‘‘Method 
TO–15A’’ means the most current version of the 
test method TO–15 (including TO–15A) published 
by the Environmental Protection Agency. 
(13) NATIONAL
AIR
TOXICS
TRENDS
NET-
WORK.—The term ‘‘National Air Toxics Trends Net-
work’’ means the long-term hazardous air pollutants 
monitoring data network established by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency to assess trends and emis-
sions reduction program effectiveness. 
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(20) TEST METHOD.—The term ‘‘test method’’ 
means a method described in the most recent docu-
ment of the Environmental Protection Agency enti-
tled ‘‘Compendium of Methods for the Determina-
tion of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air’’. 
SEC. 3. HEALTH EMERGENCY AIR TOXICS MONITORING 
NETWORK. 
(a) MONITORING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall publish notice in the Federal Register of, 
take public comment for a period of not less than 60 
days regarding, and take final action to design and 
launch a plan and implement a program to admin-
ister or conduct, pursuant to authority provided 
under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), 
including sections 103, 112, 113, 114, and 303 of 
that Act (42 U.S.C. 7403, 7412, 7413, 7414, 7603), 
emissions measurement and quantification, including 
the best available form of fenceline monitoring of 
stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants that 
are on the list developed under subsection (c), in-
cluding through expansion of the National Air 
Toxics Trends Network or through creating a new 
network, as appropriate. 
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(2) MONITORING PERIOD.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall ensure monitoring begins pursuant to this 
section not later than 18 months after the date 
of enactment of this Act and shall maintain the 
monitoring required under paragraph (1) for a 
period of not less than 6 years after the date 
on which the monitoring required under that 
paragraph begins. 
(B) SUBSEQUENT MONITORING.—After the 
6-year period described in subparagraph (A), 
the Administrator shall maintain the emissions 
measurement and quantification program under 
paragraph (1), consistent with this section, 
through— 
(i) maintaining monitors at all or 
some sources under the program under 
paragraph (1); and 
(ii) adding or moving monitors under 
the program under paragraph (1) to addi-
tional sources, following the process for 
substitution of sources in subsection (g). 
(C) SHORTENED PERIOD.—If the Adminis-
trator determines, after public notice and a 
public comment period of not less than 60 days, 
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that 6 years of monitoring, as required under 
subparagraph (A), is not necessary to protect 
public health or ensure compliance at the 
source or the facility involved, the Adminis-
trator may reduce or end the monitoring after 
at least 3 years of monitoring has occurred. 
(D) ADDITIONAL INSPECTIONS AND TEST-
ING.—In addition to fenceline monitoring under 
the program under paragraph (1), the Adminis-
trator shall use the authority of the Adminis-
trator to inspect and require emission testing at 
sources on the list published pursuant to sub-
section (c) to the extent necessary to identify 
and 
address 
the 
emissions 
crossing 
the 
fenceline. 
(b) PUBLICATION OF RESULTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
publish and maintain the plans for and the results 
of all measurements, including fenceline monitoring, 
conducted under the program under subsection 
(a)(1) on the website of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency— 
(A) in a highly accessible format; 
(B) in a centralized database maintained 
in multiple languages; and 
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(C) for a period of at least 10 years. 
(2) IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY.—The Adminis-
trator shall ensure that the monitoring data col-
lected under the program under subsection (a)(1) 
are— 
(A) electronically submitted to the Admin-
istrator not later than 1 month after the date 
of collection of the data; and 
(B) made publicly available as expedi-
tiously as practicable, but in any case not later 
than 7 days after the electronic submission of 
the data. 
(c) LIST OF SOURCES.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 270 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall publish, after public no-
tice and a public comment period of not less 
than 60 days, a list of stationary sources of 
hazardous air pollutants that, subject to sub-
paragraph (B) do not already have fenceline 
monitoring in operation that is producing pub-
licly available data and includes— 
(i) at least 45 of the sources listed— 
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(I) as high-priority facilities in 
Appendix A of the report of the Office 
of Inspector General of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency numbered 
20–N–0128 and dated March 31, 
2020; or 
(II) as contributing to high can-
cer risk at the census block level in 
Appendix C of the report of the Office 
of Inspector General of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency numbered 
21–P–0129 and dated May 6, 2021; 
and 
(ii) at least 55 other major sources or 
area sources that meet the criteria de-
scribed in paragraph (2). 
(B) SUBSTITUTION.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—If the Adminis-
trator determines, after public notice and a 
public comment period of not less than 60 
days, that a source described in subpara-
graph (A)(i) no longer contributes to high 
health risks or impacts that warrant con-
tinued monitoring to advance public health 
protection, inform improved compliance, or 
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improve available data quality, the Admin-
istrator shall— 
(I) cease to include that source in 
the list under subparagraph (A); and 
(II) include instead an additional 
major source or area source described 
in subparagraph (A)(ii) to ensure that 
the list under subparagraph (A) in-
cludes not fewer than 100 high-pri-
ority sources. 
(ii) DESCRIPTION OF REASONS.—For 
the purpose of providing notice, the Ad-
ministrator shall publish in the Federal 
Register, and seek public comment for a 
period of not less than 60 days with re-
spect to— 
(I) any determination to make a 
substitution under clause (i); and 
(II) an explanation of the reasons 
for any such determination dem-
onstrating, based on monitoring data 
or other reliable information, that the 
substitution is likely to ensure that 
monitoring under this section occurs 
at the sources causing or contributing 
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to the highest potential health risks or 
other impacts from hazardous air pol-
lution. 
(iii) REQUIREMENT.—The Adminis-
trator may include an additional major 
source or area source under clause (i)(II) 
only if the Administrator determines that 
the source is, or is likely to be, contrib-
uting local health risks or impacts that are 
equivalent to, or greater than, those of the 
source for which the new source is being 
substituted. 
(2) CRITERIA.—The Administrator may include 
a major source or area source described in clause (ii) 
of paragraph (1)(A) on the list described in that 
paragraph only if the source— 
(A) emits at least 1 of the pollutants de-
scribed in paragraph (3); 
(B) is— 
(i) located in, or within 3 miles of, a 
census tract with— 
(I) a cancer risk of at least 100- 
in-1,000,000; or 
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(II) a chronic noncancer hazard 
index that is greater than or equal to 
1; or 
(ii) in a source category with— 
(I) a cancer risk that is greater 
than 100-in-1,000,000 for the indi-
vidual most exposed to emissions from 
the source category; 
(II) a total organ-specific hazard 
index for chronic noncancer risk that 
is greater than or equal to 1; or 
(III) 
an 
acute 
risk 
hazard 
quotient that is greater than or equal 
to 1; and 
(C)(i) is classified in 1 or more of North 
American Industry Classification System codes 
322, 324, 325, 326, 331, 332, 339, 424, and 
562; 
(ii)(I) is required to prepare and imple-
ment a risk management plan pursuant to sec-
tion 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7412(r)); and 
(II) has had an accidental release required 
to be reported during the previous 5-year period 
pursuant to sections 68.42 and 68.195 of title 
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40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of enactment of this Act); or 
(iii) is determined by the Administrator to 
be a high-priority source or facility for emis-
sions measurement because— 
(I) the facility is located within 350 
feet of a residence, school, childcare facility 
(including a camp), hospital, park, sports 
or recreation facility, or other gathering 
place, community center, or institution 
where children and families regularly 
spend time; or 
(II) based on the best available 
science, the emissions of the source or fa-
cility are likely causing or contributing to, 
or have the potential to cause or contribute 
to, serious acute or chronic, including can-
cer and non-cancer, health or safety risks 
or impacts, including adverse neurological, 
developmental, or other health impacts in 
utero or childhood. 
(3) POLLUTANTS.—The pollutants described in 
this paragraph are— 
(A) ethylene oxide, CAS 75218; 
(B) chloroprene, CAS 126998; 
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(C) benzene, CAS 71432; 
(D) 1,3-butadiene, CAS 106990; 
(E) formaldehyde, CAS 50000; 
(F) acetaldehyde, CAS 75070; 
(G) lead compounds; 
(H) arsenic compounds; 
(I) antimony compounds; 
(J) cadmium compounds; 
(K) cobalt compounds; 
(L) nickel compounds; 
(M) manganese compounds; 
(N) vinyl chloride; 
(O) ethylene dichloride; 
(P) naphthalene; 
(Q) ethylbenzene; 
(R) methyl mercury; 
(S) epichlorohydrin; 
(T) xylenes; 
(U) acrylonitrile; 
(V) any other hazardous air pollutant in-
cluded in the list described in section 112(b) of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(b)) that the 
Administrator determines, after public notice 
and a public comment period of not less than 
60 days, the air emissions of which— 
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(i) are, or may be contributing to, se-
rious health risks; or 
(ii) warrant emissions quantification 
and measurement due to the public inter-
est in evaluating the emissions and effects 
of the pollutant; and 
(W) any pollutant or airborne chemical 
that is a precursor to atmospheric photo-
chemical production of any other pollutant on 
the list described in section 112(b) of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(b)). 
(4) USE OF INFORMATION AND METHODS.—In 
carrying out this subsection, the Administrator 
shall— 
(A) use— 
(i) the evaluations and methods of the 
Environmental Protection Agency for com-
piling and evaluating information about 
risks from air toxics in effect on January 
1, 2025, that have been peer reviewed by 
the Science Advisory Board, including 
chemical assessments developed by the In-
tegrated Risk Information System of the 
Environmental Protection Agency (com-
monly referred to as ‘‘IRIS’’), or the most 
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recent Air Toxics Screening Assessment or 
other current evaluation or report by the 
Environmental Protection Agency, acting 
through the Office of Research and Devel-
opment, 
providing 
similar 
information 
about cancer and noncancer risks from 
hazardous air pollution based on measured 
or modeled emissions, using evaluations or 
methods that— 
(I) account for, and therefore 
demonstrate higher risks to, the indi-
vidual or community most exposed to 
the emissions; and 
(II) account for adverse neuro-
logical, developmental, or other health 
impacts in utero, in childhood, and in 
adolescence; 
(ii) the Risk-Screening Environmental 
Indicators model of the Administrator in 
effect as of December 31, 2024; 
(iii) a prior health risk assessment 
that was performed by the Administrator 
for the applicable source or source category 
before January 1, 2025; or 
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(iv) a new health risk assessment per-
formed by the Administrator for the appli-
cable source or source category that— 
(I) is more complete and address-
es more or greater risks than pre-
viously considered; 
(II) follows the best available 
science (including the most recent 
guidance from the National Academy 
of Sciences and the most recent as-
sessments under the Integrated Risk 
Information System of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (commonly 
referred to as ‘‘IRIS’’) that were cre-
ated pursuant to the document of the 
Environmental Protection Agency en-
titled ‘‘ORD Staff Handbook for De-
veloping 
IRIS 
Assessments’’ 
and 
dated December 2022); and 
(III) considers, with respect to 
the applicable source or facility— 
(aa) cumulative risks and 
cumulative impacts; 
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(bb) increased vulnerability 
that results from socioeconomic 
disparities; 
(cc) multiple source expo-
sure; and 
(dd) exposure in utero, in 
childhood, in adolescence, and 
through the age of 85; and 
(B) consider— 
(i) the most recent emission tests 
available to the Administrator or received 
by the Environmental Protection Agency in 
public comment; and 
(ii) any fenceline or ambient moni-
toring data for which an Environmental 
Protection Agency-approved data quality 
check has been performed. 
(d) METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (3), in carrying out the program under sub-
section (a)(1), the Administrator shall, for each sta-
tionary source on the list published under subsection 
(c)(1), employ an emissions measurement system to 
monitor the pollutants described in subsection (c)(3) 
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emitted by the stationary source, including at 
least— 
(A) the most current Environmental Pro-
tection Agency-approved or promulgated emis-
sion test or monitoring method, including Meth-
od 325A, Method 325B, Method TO–15A, and 
Method 327, that expands the scope, strength-
ens the detection limit, or otherwise improves 
the effectiveness of the test method; or 
(B) for each stationary source described in 
paragraph (2), the best available method for 
continuous, real-time measurement of air pol-
lutant concentrations. 
(2) STATIONARY SOURCES DESCRIBED.—A sta-
tionary source referred to in paragraph (1)(B) is— 
(A) not less than each of the 20 stationary 
sources on the list published under subsection 
(c)(1) that— 
(i) emits the greatest quantity or rate 
of pollutants described in subsection (c)(3); 
or 
(ii) causes the greatest health risk to 
the greatest number of people, based on 
the emissions of the pollutants described in 
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subsection (c)(3) individually, as a group, 
or cumulatively, based on— 
(I)(aa) the latest evaluations and 
methods of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency for compiling and evalu-
ating information about risks from air 
toxics, or the most recent Air Toxics 
Screening Assessment or other cur-
rent evaluation or report by the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency pro-
viding similar information about can-
cer and noncancer risks from haz-
ardous air pollution based on meas-
ured or modeled emissions; 
(bb) the Risk-Screening Environ-
mental Indicators model of the Ad-
ministrator; 
(cc) a prior health risk assess-
ment that was performed by the Ad-
ministrator for the applicable source 
or source category; or 
(dd) a new health risk assess-
ment performed by the Administrator 
that— 
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(AA) follows the best avail-
able science (including the most 
recent guidance from the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences); and 
(BB) considers, with respect 
to the applicable source or facil-
ity, cumulative risks and impacts, 
increased vulnerability that re-
sults from socioeconomic dispari-
ties, multiple source exposure, 
and exposure in utero, in child-
hood, in adolescence, and over 
the course of a lifetime through 
the age of 85; and 
(II) the most recent emission 
tests available to the Environmental 
Protection Agency or received in pub-
lic comment, and any fenceline or am-
bient monitoring data for which an 
Environmental Protection Agency-ap-
proved data quality check has been 
performed; 
(B) any other stationary source on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1) that— 
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(i) is regulated under paragraph (7) 
of section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7412(r)); and 
(ii) has had an accidental release or 
incident that is required to be reported 
during the previous 5-year period pursuant 
to sections 68.42 and 68.195 of title 40, 
Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect 
on January 1, 2025), under that para-
graph; and 
(C) any other stationary source on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1) for which ap-
plication of the methods described in subpara-
graph (A) alone may not be sufficient— 
(i) to monitor and report the pollut-
ants described in subsection (c)(3) that are 
emitted by that stationary source; or 
(ii) to advance public health and safe-
ty. 
(3) UPDATES.— 
(A) APPROVED OR PROMULGATED METH-
ODS.—The Administrator shall— 
(i) not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, review and, 
after public notice and a public comment 
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