(3) in section 623(b)(1)(B), by striking ‘‘rel-
evant’’ before ‘‘information’’. 
(e) GLOBAL TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS
TO REF-
ERENCES TO NATIONWIDE SPECIALTY CONSUMER RE-
PORTING AGENCY.—Such Act is further amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘section 603(w)’’ and inserting 
‘‘section 603(x)’’ each place such term appears; and 
(2) in section 612(a)(1)(A), by striking ‘‘(w)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘(x)’’. 
SEC. 102. CONSUMER AWARENESS OF DISPUTE RIGHTS. 
Section 611 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681i) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(i) INCREASED CONSUMER AWARENESS
OF DIS-
PUTE RIGHTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, each 
consumer reporting agency described under sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603 shall— 
‘‘(A) establish an Internet website acces-
sible to consumers; and 
‘‘(B) post on the home page of such 
website a hyperlink to a separate webpage es-
tablished and maintained solely for the purpose 
of providing information to a consumer about 
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how to dispute an item of information in the 
consumer report of the consumer. 
‘‘(2) DISPUTE WEBPAGE REQUIREMENTS.—For 
a consumer reporting agency described under sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603, the separate dis-
pute webpage described in paragraph (1)(B)— 
‘‘(A) may not include any type or form of 
marketing, advertising, information, or material 
associated with any products or services offered 
or sold to consumers; 
‘‘(B) shall clearly and conspicuously dis-
close a concise statement regarding how to file 
a dispute through the agency, free of charge, in 
the manner and format prescribed by the Bu-
reau; 
‘‘(C) shall describe the types of documents 
that will be used by the agency in resolving the 
dispute, including the business name and mail-
ing address to which a consumer may send such 
documents; 
‘‘(D) shall include a clear and concise ex-
planation of and the process for using electronic 
or other means to submit such documents, free 
of charge, and without any character or data 
limitation imposed by the agency; 
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‘‘(E) shall include a statement that the 
consumer may submit information, free of 
charge, that the consumer believes will assist 
the consumer reporting agency in determining 
the results of the reinvestigation of the dispute; 
‘‘(F) shall clearly and conspicuously dis-
close a statement describing the procedure like-
ly to be used by the consumer reporting agency 
in carrying out a reinvestigation to determine 
the accuracy or completeness of the disputed 
item of information, including the time period 
in which the consumer will be notified of the re-
sults of the reinvestigation, and a statement 
that the agency may extend the reinvestigation 
period by an additional 15 days if the consumer 
submits additional information after a certain 
date; and 
‘‘(G) shall provide translations of all infor-
mation on the webpage in each of the 10 most 
commonly 
spoken 
languages, 
other 
than 
English, in the United States, as determined by 
the Bureau of the Census on an ongoing basis, 
and in formats accessible to individuals with 
hearing or vision impairments.’’. 
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SEC. 103. MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS BY FURNISHERS. 
Section 623 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681s–2) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(f) DUTY OF FURNISHERS TO MAINTAIN RECORDS 
OF CONSUMERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A person who furnishes in-
formation to a consumer reporting agency relating 
to a consumer who has an account with that person 
shall maintain all information necessary to substan-
tiate the accuracy and completeness of the informa-
tion furnished, including any records establishing the 
liability and terms and conditions under which credit 
was extended to a consumer and any payment his-
tory with respect to such credit. 
‘‘(2) RETENTION
PERIOD.—Records described 
under paragraph (1) shall be maintained until the 
information with respect to which the records relate 
may no longer be included in a consumer report pur-
suant to section 605. 
‘‘(3) TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP.—If a person 
providing information to a consumer reporting agen-
cy is acquired by another person, or if another per-
son acquires the right to repayment connected to 
such information, the acquiring person shall be sub-
ject to the requirements of this subsection with re-
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spect to such information to the same extent as the 
person who initially provided such information to the 
consumer reporting agency. The person selling or 
transferring the right to repayment shall provide the 
information described in paragraph (1) to the trans-
feree or the acquirer.’’. 
SEC. 104. DUTIES OF FURNISHERS RELATING TO DISPUTE 
PROCEDURES, NOTICES, AND DISCLOSURES. 
(a) DUTY TO PROVIDE ACCURATE AND COMPLETE 
INFORMATION.—Section 623(a) of the Fair Credit Re-
porting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681s–2(a)) is amended— 
(1) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
‘‘AND COMPLETE’’ after ‘‘ACCURATE’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘or incomplete’’ after ‘‘in-
accurate’’ each place that term appears; and 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘or 
completeness’’ after ‘‘accuracy’’; and 
(3) in paragraph (8)— 
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
‘‘and completeness’’ after ‘‘accuracy’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ‘‘or 
completeness’’ after ‘‘accuracy’’. 
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(b) NEGATIVE INFORMATION NOTICES
TO CON-
SUMERS.—Section 623(a)(7) (15 U.S.C. 1681s–2(a)(7)) 
of such Act is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(7) DUTY OF FURNISHERS TO INFORM CON-
SUMERS
ABOUT
REPORTING
NEGATIVE
INFORMA-
TION.— 
‘‘(A) GENERAL
NEGATIVE
INFORMATION 
WARNING NOTICE TO ALL CONSUMERS PRIOR 
TO FURNISHING SUCH INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Any person that 
regularly furnishes negative information to 
a consumer reporting agency described in 
subsection (p) or (x) of section 603 about 
activity on any accounts of a consumer 
held by such person or transactions associ-
ated with credit extended to a consumer by 
such person shall provide a written general 
negative information warning notice to 
each such consumer before such person 
may furnish any negative information re-
lating to such a consumer. 
‘‘(ii) CONTENT.—Such notice shall— 
‘‘(I) be clear and conspicuous; 
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‘‘(aa) obtain a copy of their 
consumer report and credit score 
or educational score (if applica-
ble), which in some instances can 
be obtained free of charge, from 
any consumer reporting agency 
to which negative information 
may be been sent; and 
‘‘(bb) 
dispute, 
free 
of 
charge, any errors on a consumer 
report relating to the consumer. 
‘‘(iii) TIMING OF NOTICE.—Such per-
son shall provide such notice to a consumer 
not later than 90 days before the date on 
which the person furnishes negative infor-
mation relating to such consumer. 
‘‘(B) SPECIFIC
NEGATIVE
INFORMATION 
NOTICE TO A CONSUMER.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—Any person de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) that has fur-
nished negative information relating to ac-
tivity on any accounts of a consumer held 
by such person or transactions associated 
with credit extended to a consumer by such 
person to a consumer reporting agency de-
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scribed in subsection (p) or (x) of section 
603 shall send a written notice to each 
such consumer. 
‘‘(ii) CONTENT.—Such notice shall— 
‘‘(I) be clear and conspicuous; 
‘‘(II) inform the consumer that 
the person has furnished negative in-
formation relating to such accounts or 
transactions to a consumer reporting 
agency described in subsection (p) or 
(x) of section 603; 
‘‘(III) identify any consumer re-
porting agency to which the negative 
information was furnished, including 
the name of the agency, mailing ad-
dress, Internet website address, and 
toll-free telephone number; and 
‘‘(IV) include the statements de-
scribed in subclauses (IV), (V), and 
(VI) of subparagraph (A)(ii). 
‘‘(iii) TIME OF NOTICE.—Such person 
shall provide such notice to a consumer not 
later than 5 business days after the date 
on which the person furnished negative in-
formation relating to such consumer. 
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‘‘(C) NOTICE
EFFECTIVE
FOR
SUBSE-
QUENT SUBMISSIONS.—After providing the no-
tice described in subparagraph (B), the person 
may submit additional negative information to 
a consumer reporting agency described in sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603 without pro-
viding additional notice to the consumer, unless 
another person acquires the right to repayment 
connected to the additional negative informa-
tion. The acquiring person shall be subject to 
the requirements of this paragraph and shall be 
required to send consumers the written notices 
described in this paragraph, if applicable. 
‘‘(D) 
NON-TRADITIONAL
DATA
FUR-
NISHERS.—Any person that furnishes negative 
information to a consumer reporting agency de-
scribed in subsection (p) or (x) of section 603 
relating to any accounts of, or transactions as-
sociated with, a consumer by such person in-
volving non-traditional data shall be subject to 
the requirements described in subparagraphs 
(A), (B), and (C). 
‘‘(E) MODEL NOTICES.— 
‘‘(i) DUTY
OF
BUREAU.—Not later 
than 6 months after date of the enactment 
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of this paragraph, the Bureau shall issue 
model forms for the notices described in 
subparagraphs (A) and (B) that a person 
may use to comply with the requirements 
of this paragraph. 
‘‘(ii) USE OF MODEL NOTICE NOT RE-
QUIRED.—No provision of this paragraph 
may be construed to require a person to 
use the model notices prescribed by the 
Bureau. 
‘‘(iii) COMPLIANCE USING MODEL NO-
TICES.—A person shall be deemed to be in 
compliance with the requirements of sub-
paragraph (A)(ii) or (B)(ii) (as applicable) 
if the person uses the model notice pre-
scribed by the Bureau. 
‘‘(F) ISSUANCE
OF
GENERAL
NEGATIVE 
WARNING NOTICE WITHOUT SUBMITTING NEGA-
TIVE INFORMATION.—No provision of this para-
graph may be construed to require a person de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) or (D) to furnish 
negative information about a consumer to a 
consumer reporting agency described in sub-
section (p) or (x) of section 603. 
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‘‘(G) SAFE HARBOR.—A person shall not 
be liable for failure to perform the duties re-
quired by this paragraph if the person reason-
ably believes that the person is prohibited, by 
law, from contacting the consumer. 
‘‘(H) EFFECTIVE
DATE.—The require-
ments of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) 
shall not take effect until the date that is 6 
months after the date of the issuance of model 
forms for notices under subparagraph (E). 
‘‘(I) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph, the 
following definitions shall apply: 
‘‘(i) NEGATIVE
INFORMATION.—The 
term ‘negative information’ means infor-
mation concerning a consumer’s delin-
quencies, late payments, insolvency, or any 
form of default. 
‘‘(ii) NON-TRADITIONAL
DATA.—The 
term ‘non-traditional data’ relates to tele-
communications payments, utility pay-
ments, rent payments, remittances, wire 
transfers, and such other items as deter-
mined by the Bureau.’’. 
(c) DUTIES OF FURNISHERS AFTER RECEIVING NO-
TICE
OF
DISPUTE
FROM
A
CONSUMER.—Section 
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623(a)(8)(E) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 
1681s–2(a)(8)(E)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(E) DUTIES OF FURNISHERS AFTER RE-
CEIVING
NOTICE
OF
DISPUTE
FROM
A
CON-
SUMER.—After receiving a notice of dispute 
from a consumer pursuant to subparagraph 
(D), the person that provided the information 
in dispute to a consumer reporting agency 
shall— 
‘‘(i) promptly provide to each con-
sumer reporting agency to which the per-
son furnished the disputed information the 
notice of dispute; 
‘‘(ii) review all information, including 
any substantiating documents, provided by 
the consumer about the disputed informa-
tion and conduct an investigation, separate 
from any reinvestigation by a consumer re-
porting agency or a reseller conducted with 
respect to the disputed information; 
‘‘(iii) before the expiration of the pe-
riod under section 611(a)(1) within which 
a consumer reporting agency would be re-
quired to complete its action if the con-
sumer had elected to dispute the informa-
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complete, or unverifiable, promptly notify 
each consumer reporting agency to which 
the person furnished such information in 
accordance with paragraph (2); and 
‘‘(vi) notify the consumer of the re-
sults of the investigation, in writing, in ac-
cordance with subparagraph (H).’’. 
(d) ELIMINATING FURNISHERS’ AUTHORITY TO DIS-
MISS DISPUTES AS FRIVOLOUS OR IRRELEVANT.—Section 
623(a)(8) of such Act (15 U.S.C. 1681s–2(a)(8)) is 
amended by striking subparagraph (F) and redesignating 
subparagraph (G) as subparagraph (F). 
(e) ADDITIONAL DUTIES.—Section 623(a)(8) of such 
Act (15 U.S.C. 1681s–2(a)(8)) is further amended by add-
ing at the end the following new subparagraphs: 
‘‘(G) REASONABLE STANDARDS FOR FUR-
NISHERS
FOR
CONDUCTING
INVESTIGATIONS 
AND RESOLVING DISPUTES SUBMITTED BY CON-
SUMERS.—In any investigation conducted by a 
person who furnishes information to a con-
sumer reporting agency of an item of informa-
tion being disputed by a consumer, the person, 
at a minimum— 
‘‘(i) shall maintain sufficient resources 
and trained staff, commensurate with the 
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volume and complexity of disputes received 
or reasonably anticipated to be received, to 
conduct investigations; 
‘‘(ii) shall verify that the person has a 
record of the particular information being 
disputed, consistent with the requirements 
of subsection (f); 
‘‘(iii) shall verify that the personally 
identifiable information of the consumer 
submitting the dispute matches the person-
ally identifiable information contained on 
such records; 
‘‘(iv) shall conduct a reasonable re-
view to determine whether the disputed in-
formation is accurate, complete, and can 
be verified that considers all the informa-
tion, including any substantiating docu-
ments, provided by the consumer about the 
disputed information; 
‘‘(v) shall ensure that the investiga-
tion is an independent analysis that is sep-
arate from any reinvestigation by a con-
sumer reporting agency or a reseller con-
ducted with respect to the disputed infor-
mation; and 
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‘‘(vi) may not impose any limitations 
or otherwise impede the ability of a con-
sumer to submit information, including 
any substantiating documents, about the 
disputed information. 
‘‘(H) CONTENTS OF THE NOTICE TO THE 
CONSUMER ABOUT THE RESULTS OF THE IN-
VESTIGATION BY THE FURNISHER.—The notice 
of the results of the investigation described in 
subparagraph (E) shall include— 
‘‘(i) a statement informing the con-
sumer as to whether the disputed informa-
tion was determined to be inaccurate, in-
complete, or unverifiable; 
‘‘(ii) a statement of the specific rea-
sons supporting the results of the inves-
tigation; 
‘‘(iii) a description of the procedure 
used by the dispute resolution staff of the 
person who furnishes information to a con-
sumer reporting agency to determine the 
accuracy or completeness of the informa-
tion, including the business name, mailing 
address, telephone number, and Internet 
website address (if available) of any person 
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who was contacted by the staff in connec-
tion with the determination; 
‘‘(iv) a copy of all information relating 
to the consumer that was used in carrying 
out the investigation and was the basis for 
any determination about the accuracy or 
completeness of the disputed information; 
‘‘(v) a statement that consumer will 
receive, free of charge, a copy of their con-
sumer report and credit score or edu-
cational credit score (if applicable), from 
any consumer reporting agency to which 
the disputed information had been pro-
vided, regardless of whether the consumer 
obtained or will obtain a free consumer re-
port and credit score or educational credit 
score (if applicable) in the 12-month period 
preceding receipt of the notice described in 
this subparagraph pursuant to section 
612(a)(1); 
‘‘(vi) if the disputed information was 
found to be inaccurate, incomplete, or un-
verifiable, a statement that the consumer 
report of the consumer shall be revised to 
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reflect the change to the consumer’s file as 
a result of the investigation; 
‘‘(vii) a statement that the consumer 
has the right to appeal the results of the 
investigation under paragraph (10), free of 
charge, within 120 days after the date of 
the notice of the results of the investiga-
tion was provided to the consumer and the 
process for submitting an appeal; 
‘‘(viii) a statement that the consumer 
may add a narrative statement, free of 
charge, to the consumer’s file held by the 
consumer reporting agency to which the in-
formation has been furnished disputing the 
accuracy or completeness of the informa-
tion, regardless of the results of the inves-
tigation by the person, and the process for 
contacting any agency that received the 
consumer’s information from the person to 
submit a narrative statement; 
‘‘(ix) a statement informing the con-
sumer that a notation described in section 
605(e) will be added to the consumer’s file 
during the period in which the consumer 
appeals the results of an investigation and 
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that such notation can be removed at the 
request of the consumer; and 
‘‘(x) a statement that the consumer 
has the right to request a copy of their 
consumer report and credit score or edu-
cational credit score (if applicable), free of 
charge, within the 12-month period fol-
lowing the date of the conclusion of the in-
vestigation from any consumer reporting 
agency in which the disputed information 
had been provided, regardless of whether 
the consumer obtained or will obtain a free 
annual consumer report and credit score or 
educational credit score (if applicable) 
under 
this 
subparagraph 
or 
section 
612(a)(1).’’. 
(f) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
615(a)(4)(B) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘, under section 611, with a 
consumer reporting agency’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘furnished by the agency’’ and 
inserting ‘‘to a consumer reporting agency under 
section 611 or to a person who furnished informa-
tion to an agency under section 623’’. 
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SEC. 105. RIGHT TO APPEAL DISPUTES RELATING TO RE-
INVESTIGATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS. 
(a) APPEALS OF REINVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED BY 
A CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY.—Section 611 of the 
Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681i) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘or if the 
consumer is unsatisfied with the results of an appeal 
conducted under subsection (h),’’ after ‘‘resolve the 
dispute,’’; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (h) (as added 
by section 102) the following new subsection: 
‘‘(i) CONSUMER RIGHT TO APPEAL RESULTS OF A 
CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY REINVESTIGATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Within 120 days after the 
date of receipt of the results of a reinvestigation 
conducted under subsection (a), a consumer (or au-
thorized third party) may, free of charge, appeal the 
results of such reinvestigation by submitting a notice 
of appeal to the consumer reporting agency. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE OF APPEAL.— 
‘‘(A) REQUIREMENTS.—A notice of appeal 
described in paragraph (1) may be submitted in 
writing, or through a toll-free telephone number 
or other electronic means established by the 
consumer reporting agency (including on the 
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Internet website described in subsection (g)), 
and— 
‘‘(i) shall identify the information con-
tained in the consumer’s file that is the 
subject of the appeal; 
‘‘(ii) shall describe the specific reasons 
for submitting the notice of appeal; and 
‘‘(iii) may provide any information the 
consumer believes is relevant to substan-
tiate the validity of the dispute. 
‘‘(B) CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY NO-
TICE TO CONSUMER.—Upon receipt of such no-
tice of appeal, the consumer reporting agency 
shall promptly provide to the consumer a state-
ment confirming the receipt of the consumer’s 
notice of appeal that shall include— 
‘‘(i) an approximate date on which the 
consumer’s appeal review will be com-
pleted; 
‘‘(ii) the process and procedures by 
which such review will be conducted; and 
‘‘(iii) an employee reference number 
or other employee identifier for each of the 
specific individuals designated by the con-
sumer reporting agency who, upon the re-
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quest of the consumer, may discuss the 
substance and status of the appeal. 
‘‘(3) CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY REQUIRE-
MENTS UPON RECEIPT OF NOTICE OF APPEAL.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 20 
days after receiving a notice of appeal, the con-
sumer reporting agency shall review the appeal. 
If the consumer reporting agency determines 
the information is inaccurate, incomplete, or 
cannot be verified, the consumer reporting 
agency shall delete or modify the item of infor-
mation being disputed by the consumer from 
the file of the consumer before the end of the 
20-day period beginning on the date on which 
the consumer reporting agency receives a notice 
of an appeal from the consumer. 
‘‘(B) NOTICE OF APPEAL TO FURNISHER; 
INFORMATION REGARDING DISPUTE PROVIDED 
BY THE CONSUMER.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Before the end of 
the period of 3 business days beginning on 
the date on which a consumer reporting 
agency receives a notice of appeal, the con-
sumer reporting agency shall provide no-
tice of the appeal, including all information 
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relating to the specific appeal that the con-
sumer reporting agency has received from 
the consumer, to any person who provided 
any information in dispute. 
‘‘(ii) PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL IN-
FORMATION REGARDING THE DISPUTE.—If 
the consumer reporting agency receives ad-
ditional information from the consumer 
after the agency provides the notice re-
quired under clause (i) and before the end 
of the 20-day period described in subpara-
graph (A), the consumer reporting agency 
shall, not later than 3 business days after 
receiving such information, provide such 
information to any person who provided 
the information in dispute and shall have 
an additional 10 business days to complete 
the appeal review. 
‘‘(C) MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR APPEALS 
EMPLOYEES.— 
‘‘(i) DESIGNATION.—Upon receipt of 
a notice of appeal under paragraph (1), a 
consumer reporting agency shall designate 
one or more specific employees who— 
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‘‘(I) shall be assigned an em-
ployee reference number or other em-
ployee identifier that can be used by 
the consumer to discuss the appeal 
with the specific individuals handling 
the appeal; 
‘‘(II) shall have direct authority 
to resolve the dispute that is the sub-
ject of the notice of appeal from the 
review stage to its completion; 
‘‘(III) shall meet minimum train-
ing and ongoing certification require-
ments at regular intervals, as estab-
lished by the Bureau; 
‘‘(IV) shall be located within the 
United States; 
‘‘(V) may not have been involved 
in the reinvestigation conducted or 
terminated pursuant to subsection (a); 
and 
‘‘(VI) may not be subject to any 
requirements linking incentives, in-
cluding promotion, to the number of 
appeals processed within a certain 
time period. 
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‘‘(ii) REQUIREMENTS.—Such employ-
ees shall conduct a robust review of the ap-
peal and make a determination regarding 
the accuracy and completeness of the dis-
puted information by— 
‘‘(I) conducting an independent 
analysis, separate from any investiga-
tion by a reseller or person who pro-
vided the disputed information, and 
separate from any prior reinvestiga-
tion conducted by the consumer re-
porting agency of the disputed infor-
mation; 
‘‘(II) verifying that the personally 
identifiable information of the con-
sumer submitting the dispute matches 
the personally identifiable information 
contained on the consumer’s file; 
‘‘(III) analyzing the notice of ap-
peal and all information, including 
any substantiating documents, pro-
vided by the consumer with the notice 
of appeal; 
‘‘(IV) evaluating the validity of 
any information submitted by any 
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cable) based upon the consumer’s file as that file was 
changed as a result of the investigation.’’. 
SEC. 107. INDICATION OF DISPUTE BY CONSUMERS AND 
USE OF DISPUTED INFORMATION. 
Section 605(f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
U.S.C. 1681c(f)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) INDICATION OF DISPUTE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—A consumer reporting 
agency shall include in any consumer report based 
on the consumer’s file a notation identifying any 
item of information that is currently in dispute by 
the consumer if— 
‘‘(A) a consumer disputes the completeness 
or accuracy of any item of information con-
tained in a consumer’s file pursuant to section 
611(a)(1); 
‘‘(B) a consumer files with a consumer re-
porting agency an appeal of a reinvestigation 
pursuant to section 611(i); or 
‘‘(C) the consumer reporting agency is no-
tified by a person that furnished any items of 
information that are currently in dispute by the 
consumer that— 
‘‘(i) a consumer disputes the com-
pleteness or accuracy of any information 
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