H. R. 8663 
One Hundred Eighteenth Congress 
of the 
United States of America 
AT THE SECOND SESSION 
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Wednesday, 
the third day of January, two thousand and twenty-four 
An Act 
To require the Science and Technology Directorate in the Department of Homeland 
Security to develop greater capacity to detect and identify illicit substances in 
very low concentrations. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Detection Equipment and Tech-
nology Evaluation to Counter the Threat of Fentanyl and Xylazine 
Act of 2024’’ or the ‘‘DETECT Fentanyl and Xylazine Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 2. ENHANCING THE CAPACITY TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY DRUGS 
SUCH AS FENTANYL AND XYLAZINE. 
Section 302 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
182) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (13), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(2) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(15) carrying out, in coordination with the Drug Enforce-
ment Administration, research, development, testing, evalua-
tion, and cost-benefit analyses to improve the safety, effective-
ness, and efficiency of equipment and the effectiveness and 
efficiency of reference libraries for use by Federal, State, local, 
Tribal, and territorial law enforcement agencies for the accurate 
detection of drugs, such as fentanyl and xylazine, including— 
‘‘(A) portable equipment that can detect and identify 
drugs with minimal or no handling of the sample; 
‘‘(B) equipment that can separate complex mixtures 
containing low concentrations of drugs and high concentra-
tions of cutting agents into their component parts to enable 
signature extraction for field identification and detection; 
and 
‘‘(C) technologies that use machine learning or artificial 
intelligence (as defined in section 5002 of the National 
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
9401)) and other techniques to predict whether the sub-
stances in a sample are controlled substance analogues 
or other new psychoactive substances not yet included in 
available reference libraries.’’.
H. R. 8663—2 
SEC. 3. REQUIREMENTS. 
In carrying out section 302(15) of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002, as added by section 2, the Under Secretary for Science 
and Technology shall— 
(1) follow the recommendations, guidelines, and best prac-
tices described in the Artificial Intelligence Risk Management 
Framework (NIST AI 100–1) or any successor document pub-
lished by the National Institute of Standards and Technology; 
and 
(2) establish the Directorate of Science and Technology’s 
research, development, testing, evaluation, and cost-benefit 
analysis priorities under such section 302(15) based on the 
latest available information, including specific drugs identified 
as threats in— 
(A) the latest Homeland Threat Assessment published 
by the Department of Homeland Security; 
(B) the latest State and Territory Report on Enduring 
and Emerging Threats published by the Drug Enforcement 
Administration; or 
(C) any successor documents. 
SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this Act may be construed to limit the authority 
of agencies currently managing, overseeing, or otherwise involved 
in drug equipment and reference libraries. 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.