2086 
departments, civilian agencies and the general public, 
including— 
(A) communications infrastructure nec-
essary to ensure reliable communications in re-
sponse to a conflict or crisis; and 
(B) a plan to effectively communicate to the 
general public in response to a conflict or crisis; 
(5) identify the areas and means through which 
the United States could provide training, exercises, 
and assistance at all levels to support the needs dis-
covered through the assessment and fill any critical 
gaps where capacity falls short of such needs; and 
(6) review existing United States Government 
and non-United States Government programmatic 
and funding modalities that are meant to support 
Taiwan’s civilian defense professionals in pursuing 
professional development, educational, and cultural 
exchanges in the United States, including— 
(A) opportunities through Department of 
State-supported programs, such as the Inter-
national Visitor Leaders Program; 
(B) opportunities offered through non-gov-
ernmental institutions, such as think tanks, to 
the extent the review can practicably make such 
an assessment; 
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(C) a description of the frequency that civil-
ian defense professionals from Taiwan pursue or 
are selected for the programs reviewed in sub-
paragraph (A); 
(D) an analysis of any funding, policy, ad-
ministrative, or other barriers preventing greater 
participation from Taiwan’s civilian defense 
professionals in the opportunities identified in 
subparagraph (A); 
(E) an evaluation of the value expanding 
the opportunities reviewed in subparagraph (A) 
would offer for strengthening Taiwan’s existing 
civilian defense community, and for increasing 
the perceived value of the field for young profes-
sionals in Taiwan; 
(F) an assessment of options the United 
States Government could take individually, with 
partners in Taiwan, or with foreign governments 
or non-governmental partners, to expand the op-
portunities reviewed in subparagraph (A); and 
(G) a description of additional resources 
and authorities that may be required to execute 
the options described in subparagraph (E). 
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(c) SHARING OF REPORT.—The assessment required by 
subsection (a) shall be shared with appropriate officials of 
Taiwan to facilitate cooperation, as appropriate. 
SEC. 5510. ANNUAL REPORT ON TAIWAN DEFENSIVE MILI-
TARY CAPABILITIES AND INTELLIGENCE SUP-
PORT. 
Section 1248 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 135 Stat. 
1988) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 1248. ANNUAL REPORT ON TAIWAN CAPABILITIES 
AND INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Through fiscal year 2027, the Sec-
retary of State and the Secretary of Defense, in coordina-
tion with the Director of National Intelligence and the 
heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, 
shall jointly perform an annual assessment, consistent with 
the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 
3302(c)), of security matters related to Taiwan, including 
intelligence matters, Taiwan’s defensive military capabili-
ties, and how defensive shortcomings or vulnerabilities of 
Taiwan could be mitigated through cooperation, moderniza-
tion, or integration. At a minimum, the assessment shall 
include the following: 
‘‘(1) An intelligence assessment regarding— 
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‘‘(A) conventional military and nuclear 
threats to Taiwan from the People’s Republic of 
China, including exercises, patrols, and presence 
intended to intimidate or coerce Taiwan; and 
‘‘(B) irregular warfare activities, including 
influence operations, conducted by the People’s 
Republic of China to interfere in or undermine 
the peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait. 
‘‘(2) The current military capabilities of Taiwan 
and the ability of Taiwan to defend itself from exter-
nal conventional and irregular military threats 
across a range of scenarios. 
‘‘(3) The interoperability of current and future 
defensive capabilities of Taiwan with the military ca-
pabilities of the United States and its allies and part-
ners. 
‘‘(4) The plans, tactics, techniques, and proce-
dures underpinning an effective defense strategy for 
Taiwan, including how addressing identified capa-
bility gaps and capacity shortfalls will improve the 
effectiveness of such strategy. 
‘‘(5) A description of additional personnel, re-
sources, and authorities in Taiwan or in the United 
States that may be required to meet any shortcomings 
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in the development of Taiwan’s military capabilities 
identified pursuant to this section. 
‘‘(6) With respect to materiel capabilities and 
capacities the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of 
State jointly assess to be most effective in deterring, 
defeating, or delaying military aggression by the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China, a prioritized list of capa-
bility gaps and capacity shortfalls of the military 
forces of Taiwan, including— 
‘‘(A) an identification of— 
‘‘(i) any United States, Taiwan, or 
ally or partner country defense production 
timeline challenge related to potential mate-
riel and solutions to such capability gaps; 
‘‘(ii) the associated investment costs of 
enabling expanded production for items cur-
rently at maximum production; 
‘‘(iii) the associated investment costs 
of, or mitigation strategies for, enabling ex-
port for items currently not exportable; and 
‘‘(iv) existing stocks of such capabili-
ties in the United States and ally and part-
ner countries; 
‘‘(B) the feasibility and advisability of pro-
curing solutions to such gaps and shortfalls 
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through United States allies and partners, in-
cluding through co-development or co-production; 
‘‘(C) the feasibility and advisability of as-
sisting Taiwan in the domestic production of so-
lutions to capability gaps, including through— 
‘‘(i) the transfer of intellectual prop-
erty; and 
‘‘(ii) co-development or co-production 
arrangements; 
‘‘(D) the estimated costs, expressed in a 
range of options, of procuring sufficient capabili-
ties and capacities to address such gaps and 
shortfalls; 
‘‘(E) an assessment of the relative priority 
assigned by appropriate officials of Taiwan to 
each such gap and shortfall; and 
‘‘(F) a detailed explanation of the extent to 
which Taiwan is prioritizing the development, 
production, or fielding of solutions to such gaps 
and shortfalls within its overall defense budget. 
‘‘(7) The applicability of Department of State 
and Department of Defense authorities for improving 
the defensive military capabilities of Taiwan in a 
manner consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act. 
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‘‘(8) A description of any security assistance 
provided or Foreign Military Sales and Direct Com-
mercial Sales activity with Taiwan over the past 
year. 
‘‘(9) A description of each engagement between 
the United States and Taiwan personnel related to 
planning over the past year. 
‘‘(10) With respect to each to training and exer-
cises— 
‘‘(A) a description of each such instance 
over the past year; 
‘‘(B) a description of how each such in-
stance— 
‘‘(i) sought to achieve greater inter-
operability, improved readiness, joint plan-
ning capability, and shared situational 
awareness between the United States and 
Taiwan, or among the United States, Tai-
wan, and other countries; 
‘‘(ii) familiarized the militaries of the 
United States and Taiwan with each other; 
and 
‘‘(iii) improved Taiwan’s defense capa-
bilities. 
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‘‘(11) A description of the areas and means 
through which the United States is assisting and sup-
porting training, exercises, and assistance to support 
Taiwan’s requirements related to civilian defense and 
resilience, and how the United States is seeking to as-
sist Taiwan in addressing any critical gaps where ca-
pacity falls short of meeting such requirements, in-
cluding those elements identified in the assessment re-
quired by section 5502(f) of the James M. Inhofe Na-
tional Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2023. 
‘‘(12) An assessment of the implications of cur-
rent levels of pre-positioned war reserve materiel on 
the ability of the United States to respond to a crisis 
or conflict involving Taiwan with respect to— 
‘‘(A) providing military or non-military 
aid to Taiwan; and 
‘‘(B) sustaining military installations and 
other infrastructure of the United States in the 
Indo-Pacific region. 
‘‘(13) An assessment of the current intelligence, 
surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities of Tai-
wan, including any existing gaps in such capabilities 
and investments in such capabilities by Taiwan since 
the preceding report. 
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‘‘(14) A summary of changes to pre-positioned 
war reserve materiel of the United States in the Indo- 
Pacific region since the preceding report. 
‘‘(15) Any other matters the Secretary of Defense 
or the Secretary of State considers appropriate. 
‘‘(b) PLAN.—The Secretary of Defense and the Sec-
retary of State shall jointly develop a plan for assisting 
Taiwan in improving its defensive military capabilities 
and addressing vulnerabilities identified pursuant to sub-
section (a) that includes— 
‘‘(1) recommendations, if any, for new Depart-
ment of State or Department of Defense authorities, 
or modifications to existing Department of State or 
Department of Defense authorities, necessary to im-
prove the defensive military capabilities of Taiwan in 
a manner consistent with the Taiwan Relations Act 
(Public Law 96–8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.); 
‘‘(2) an identification of opportunities for key 
leader and subject matter expert engagement between 
Department personnel and military and civilian 
counterparts in Taiwan; and 
‘‘(3) an identification of challenges and opportu-
nities for leveraging authorities, resources, and capa-
bilities outside the Department of Defense and the De-
partment of State to improve the defensive capabili-
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ties of Taiwan in accordance with the Taiwan Rela-
tions Act. 
‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter 
through fiscal year 2027, the Secretary of State and the Sec-
retary of Defense, in consultation with the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, shall jointly submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress— 
‘‘(1) a report on the results of the assessment re-
quired by subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) the plan required by subsection (b); and 
‘‘(3) a report on— 
‘‘(A) the status of efforts to develop and im-
plement the joint multi-year plan required under 
section 5506 of the James M. Inhofe National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 
to provide for the acquisition of appropriate de-
fensive military capabilities by Taiwan and to 
engage with Taiwan in a series of combined 
training and planning activities consistent with 
the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96–8; 22 
U.S.C. 3301 et seq.); and 
‘‘(B) any other matters the Secretary of 
State and the Secretary of Defense consider nec-
essary. 
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‘‘(d) FORM.—The reports required by subsection (c) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
‘‘(e) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘appropriate 
committees of Congress’ means— 
‘‘(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations, and the Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 
‘‘(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representa-
tives.’’. 
SEC. 5511. FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Advancing peace and stability in the Indo- 
Pacific has been a central element of United States 
foreign policy toward the region. 
(2) The Government of the People’s Republic of 
China (PRC), especially since the election of Tsai 
Ing-Wen in 2016, has conducted a coordinated cam-
paign to weaken Taiwan diplomatically, economi-
cally, and militarily in a manner that threatens to 
erode United States policy and create a fait accompli 
on questions surrounding Taiwan’s future. 
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(3) To secure United States interests and pre-
serve the ability of the people of Taiwan to determine 
their own future, it is necessary to reinforce Taiwan’s 
diplomatic, economic, and territorial space. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to— 
(1) maintain the position that peace and sta-
bility in the Western Pacific are in the political, secu-
rity, and economic interests of the United States, and 
are matters of international concern; and 
(2) work with allies and partners to promote 
peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific and deter 
military acts or other forms of coercive behavior that 
would undermine regional stability. 
SEC. 5512. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TAIWAN DEFENSE RE-
LATIONS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96– 
8; 22 U.S.C. et seq.) and the Six Assurances provided 
by the United States to Taiwan in July 1982 are the 
foundation for United States-Taiwan relations; 
(2) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, the 
United States decision to establish diplomatic rela-
tions with the People’s Republic of China rests upon 
the expectation that the future of Taiwan will be de-
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termined by peaceful means, and that any effort to 
determine the future of Taiwan by other than peaceful 
means, including boycotts and embargoes, is of grave 
concern to the United States; 
(3) the increasingly coercive and aggressive be-
havior of the People’s Republic of China toward Tai-
wan is contrary to the expectation of the peaceful res-
olution of the future of Taiwan; 
(4) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, the 
capacity to resist any resort to force or other forms 
of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the 
social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan 
should be maintained; 
(5) the United States should continue to support 
the development of capable, ready, and modern de-
fense forces necessary for Taiwan to maintain suffi-
cient defensive capabilities, including by— 
(A) supporting acquisition by Taiwan of 
defense articles and services through foreign mili-
tary sales, direct commercial sales, and indus-
trial cooperation, with an emphasis on capabili-
ties that support an asymmetric strategy; 
(B) ensuring timely review of and response 
to requests of Taiwan for defense articles and 
services; 
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(C) conducting practical training and mili-
tary exercises with Taiwan that enable Taiwan 
to maintain sufficient defensive capabilities, as 
described in the Taiwan Relations Act; 
(D) exchanges between defense officials and 
officers of the United States and Taiwan at the 
strategic, policy, and functional levels, consistent 
with the Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 115– 
135; 132 Stat. 341), especially for the purposes 
of— 
(i) enhancing cooperation on defense 
planning; 
(ii) improving the interoperability of 
the military forces of the United States and 
Taiwan; and 
(iii) improving the reserve force of Tai-
wan; 
(E) cooperating with Taiwan to improve its 
ability to employ military capabilities in asym-
metric ways, as described in the Taiwan Rela-
tions Act; and 
(F) expanding cooperation in humanitarian 
assistance and disaster relief; and 
(6) the United States should increase its support 
to a free and open society in the face of aggressive ef-
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forts by the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China to curtail or influence the free exercise of rights 
and democratic franchise. 
PART 2—COUNTERING PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA’S COERCION AND INFLUENCE CAMPAIGNS 
SEC. 5513. STRATEGY TO RESPOND TO INFLUENCE AND IN-
FORMATION OPERATIONS TARGETING TAI-
WAN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter 
for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State, in coordi-
nation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall de-
velop and implement a strategy to respond to— 
(1) covert, coercive, and corrupting activities 
carried out to advance the Chinese Communist Par-
ty’s ‘‘United Front’’ work related to Taiwan, includ-
ing activities directed, coordinated, or otherwise sup-
ported by the United Front Work Department or its 
subordinate or affiliated entities; and 
(2) information and disinformation campaigns, 
cyber attacks, and nontraditional propaganda meas-
ures supported by the Government of the People’s Re-
public of China and the Chinese Communist Party 
that are directed toward persons or entities in Tai-
wan. 
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(b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required under sub-
section (a) shall include descriptions of— 
(1) the proposed response to propaganda and 
disinformation campaigns by the People’s Republic of 
China and cyber-intrusions targeting Taiwan, includ-
ing— 
(A) assistance in building the capacity of 
Taiwan’s public and private-sector entities to 
document 
and 
expose 
propaganda 
and 
disinformation supported by the Government of 
the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Com-
munist Party, or affiliated entities; 
(B) assistance to enhance Taiwan’s ability 
to develop a holistic strategy to respond to sharp 
power operations, including election interference; 
and 
(C) media training for Taiwan officials and 
other Taiwan entities targeted by disinformation 
campaigns; 
(2) the proposed response to political influence 
operations that includes an assessment of the extent 
of influence exerted by the Government of the People’s 
Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party 
in Taiwan on local political parties, financial insti-
tutions, media organizations, and other entities; 
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(3) support for exchanges and other technical as-
sistance to strengthen the Taiwan legal system’s abil-
ity to respond to sharp power operations; and 
(4) programs carried out by the Global Engage-
ment 
Center 
to 
expose 
misinformation 
and 
disinformation in the Chinese Communist Party’s 
propaganda. 
SEC. 5514. TASK FORCE TO COUNTER ECONOMIC COERCION 
BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
(1) the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) in-
creasing use of economic coercion against foreign gov-
ernments, companies, organizations, other entities, 
and individuals requires that the United States devise 
a comprehensive, effective, and multilateral response; 
(2) the private sector is a crucial partner in 
helping the United States Government respond to the 
PRC’s coercive economic practices and hold the PRC 
accountable; 
(3) improved engagement and communication 
with the private sector, including receiving informa-
tion from the United States private sector about the 
PRC’s coercive economic practices would help the 
United States Government and private sector stake-
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holders conduct early assessments of potential pres-
sure points and vulnerabilities; and 
(4) PRC coercive economic practices create pres-
sures for the private sector to behave in ways anti-
thetical to United States national interests and com-
petitiveness. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF TASK FORCE.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
President shall establish an interagency task force to be 
known as the ‘‘Countering Economic Coercion Task Force’’ 
(referred to in this section as the ‘‘Task Force’’). 
(c) DUTIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Task Force shall— 
(A) oversee the development and implemen-
tation of an integrated United States Govern-
ment strategy to respond to People’s Republic of 
China (PRC) coercive economic practices, which 
shall include— 
(i) systematically monitoring and eval-
uating— 
(I) the costs of such practices on 
United States businesses and overall 
United States economic performance; 
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(II) instances in which such prac-
tices taken against a non-PRC entity 
has benefitted other parties; and 
(III) the impacts such practices 
have had on United States national in-
terests; and 
(ii) facilitating coordination among 
Federal departments and agencies when re-
sponding to such practices as well as 
proactively deterring such economic coer-
cion, including by clarifying the roles for 
Federal departments and agencies identified 
in subsection (d) in implementing the strat-
egy; and 
(iii) forming policy recommendations 
for the implementation of relevant United 
States authorities to respond to instances of 
PRC coercive economic practices; 
(B) consult with United States allies and 
partners on the feasibility and desirability of 
collectively identifying, assessing, and respond-
ing to PRC coercive economic practices, as well 
as actions that could be taken to expand coordi-
nation with the goal of ensuring a consistent, co-
herent, and collective response to such practices 
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and establishing long-term deterrence of such 
practices; 
(C) effectively engage the United States pri-
vate sector, particularly sectors, groups, or other 
entities that are susceptible to such PRC coercive 
economic practices, on concerns related to such 
practices; and 
(D) develop and implement a process for 
regularly sharing relevant information, includ-
ing classified information to the extent appro-
priate and practicable, on such PRC coercive 
economic practices with United States allies, 
partners, and the private sector. 
(2) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out its duties 
under this subsection, the Task Force should regularly 
consult, to the extent necessary and appropriate, with 
the following: 
(A) Relevant stakeholders in the private sec-
tor. 
(B) Federal departments and agencies that 
are not represented on the Task Force. 
(C) United States allies and partners. 
(d) MEMBERSHIP.—The President shall— 
(1) appoint the chair of the Task Force from 
among the staff of the National Security Council; 
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(2) appoint the vice chair of the Task Force from 
among the staff of the National Economic Council; 
and 
(3) determine the Federal departments and agen-
cies that will serve on the task force, and direct the 
head of those agencies to appoint personnel at the 
level of Assistant Secretary or above to participate in 
the Task Force. 
(e) REPORTS.— 
(1) INITIAL
REPORT.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Task 
Force shall submit to Congress a report that includes 
the following elements: 
(A) A comprehensive review of the array of 
economic tools the Government of the People’s 
Republic of China (PRC) employs or could em-
ploy in the future to coerce other governments 
and non-PRC companies (including United 
States companies) including the Government of 
the PRC’s continued efforts to codify informal 
practices into its domestic law. 
(B) The strategy required by subsection 
(c)(1)(A). 
(C) An interagency definition of PRC coer-
cive economic practices that captures both— 
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(i) the use of informal or extralegal 
PRC coercive economic practices; and 
(ii) the inappropriate use of economic 
tools, including those authorized under the 
laws and regulations of the PRC. 
(D) A comprehensive review of the array of 
tools the United States Government employs or 
could employ to respond to economic coercion 
against the government, companies, and other 
entities of the United States or its allies and 
partners. 
(E) A list of unilateral or multilateral— 
(i) preemptive practices to defend or 
deter against PRC coercive economic prac-
tices; and 
(ii) actions taken in response to the 
Government of the PRC’s general use of co-
ercive economic practices, including the im-
position of costs on the PRC. 
(F) An assessment of United States allies 
and partners key vulnerabilities to PRC coercive 
economic practices. 
(G) A description of gaps in existing re-
sources or capabilities for United States Govern-
ment departments and agencies to respond effec-
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tively to PRC coercive economic practices di-
rected at United States entities and assist 
United States allies and partners in their re-
sponses to PRC coercive economic practices. 
(H) An analysis of the circumstances under 
which the PRC employs different types of eco-
nomic coercion and against what kinds of tar-
gets. 
(I) An assessment of United States and 
international rules and norms as well as any 
treaty obligations the PRC has stretched, cir-
cumvented, or broken through its economically 
coercive practices and the United States response 
in each instance. 
(2) INTERIM REPORTS.— 
(A) FIRST
INTERIM
REPORT.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date on which the report 
required by paragraph (1) is submitted to Con-
gress, the Task Force shall submit to Congress a 
report that includes the following elements: 
(i) Updates to information required by 
subparagraphs (A) through (G) of para-
graph (1). 
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(ii) A description of activities con-
ducted by the Task Force to implement the 
strategy required by subsection (c)(1)(A). 
(iii) An assessment of the implementa-
tion and effectiveness of the strategy, lessons 
learned from the past year and planned 
changes to the strategy. 
(B) SECOND INTERIM REPORT.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date on which the report 
required by subparagraph (A) is submitted to 
Congress, the Task Force shall submit to the ap-
propriate congressional committees a report that 
includes an update to the elements required 
under the report required by subparagraph (A). 
(3) FINAL
REPORT.—Not later than 30 days 
after the date on which the report required by para-
graph (2)(B) is submitted to Congress, the Task Force 
shall submit to Congress a final report that includes 
the following elements: 
(A) An analysis of PRC coercive economic 
practices and the cost of such coercive practices 
to United States businesses. 
(B) A description of areas of possible vul-
nerability for United States businesses and busi-
nesses of United States partners and allies. 
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(C) Recommendations on how to continue 
the effort to counter PRC coercive economic prac-
tices, including through further coordination 
with United States allies and partners. 
(D) Illustrative examples. 
(4) FORM.—The reports required by this sub-
section shall be submitted in classified form, but may 
include an unclassified summary. 
(f) SUNSET.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Task Force shall termi-
nate at the end of the 60-day period beginning on the 
date on which the final report required by subsection 
(e)(3) is submitted to Congress. 
(2) ADDITIONAL ACTIONS.—The Task force may 
use the 60-day period referred to in paragraph (1) for 
the purposes of concluding its activities, including 
providing testimony to Congress concerning the final 
report required by subsection (e)(3). 
(g) ASSISTANCE FOR COUNTRIES AND ENTITIES TAR-
GETED BY THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR ECO-
NOMIC COERCION.—The Secretary of State, the Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International Devel-
opment, the United States International Development Fi-
nance Corporation, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Sec-
retary of the Treasury shall provide appropriate assistance 
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to countries and entities that are subject to coercive eco-
nomic practices by the People’s Republic of China. 
SEC. 5515. CHINA CENSORSHIP MONITOR AND ACTION 
GROUP. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
Committee on Appropriations, and the Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Appropriations, and the Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
(2) QUALIFIED
RESEARCH
ENTITY.—The term 
‘‘qualified research entity’’ means an entity that— 
(A) is a nonpartisan research organization 
or a Federally funded research and development 
center; 
(B) has appropriate expertise and analyt-
ical capability to write the report required under 
subsection (c); and 
(C) is free from any financial, commercial, 
or other entanglements, which could undermine 
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the independence of such report or create a con-
flict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of 
interest, with— 
(i) the Government of the People’s Re-
public of China; 
(ii) the Chinese Communist Party; 
(iii) any company incorporated in the 
People’s Republic of China or a subsidiary 
of such company; or 
(iv) any company or entity incor-
porated outside of the People’s Republic of 
China that is believed to have a substantial 
financial or commercial interest in the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China. 
(3) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term ‘‘United 
States person’’ means— 
(A) a United States citizen or an alien law-
fully admitted for permanent residence to the 
United States; or 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of 
the United States or any jurisdiction within the 
United States, including a foreign branch of 
such an entity. 
(b) CHINA
CENSORSHIP
MONITOR
AND
ACTION 
GROUP.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall establish 
an interagency task force, which shall be known as the 
‘‘China Censorship Monitor and Action Group’’ (re-
ferred to in this subsection as the ‘‘Task Force’’). 
(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The President shall take the 
following actions with respect to the membership of, 
and participation in, the Task Force: 
(A) Appoint the chair of the Task Force 
from among the staff of the National Security 
Council. 
(B) Appoint the vice chair of the Task 
Force from among the staff of the National Eco-
nomic Council. 
(C) Determine the Federal departments and 
agencies that will serve on the Task Force, and 
direct the head of those agencies to appoint per-
sonnel at the level of Assistant Secretary or 
above to participate in the Task Force. 
(3) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Task Force shall— 
(A) oversee the development and execution of 
an integrated Federal Government strategy to 
monitor and address the impacts of efforts di-
rected, or directly supported, by the Government 
of the People’s Republic of China to censor or in-
timidate, in the United States or in any of its 
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possessions or territories, any United States per-
son, including United States companies that 
conduct business in the People’s Republic of 
China, which are exercising their right to free-
dom of speech; and 
(B) submit the strategy developed pursuant 
to subparagraph (A) to the appropriate congres-
sional committees not later than 120 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(4) MEETINGS.—The Task Force shall meet not 
less frequently than twice per year. 
(5) CONSULTATIONS.—The Task Force should 
regularly consult, to the extent necessary and appro-
priate, with— 
(A) Federal agencies that are not rep-
resented on the Task Force; 
(B) independent agencies of the United 
States Government that are not represented on 
the Task Force; 
(C) relevant stakeholders in the private sec-
tor and the media; and 
(D) relevant stakeholders among United 
States allies and partners facing similar chal-
lenges related to censorship or intimidation by 
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the Government of the People’s Republic of 
China. 
(6) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
(A) ANNUAL
REPORT.—The Task Force 
shall submit an annual report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that describes, with re-
spect to the reporting period— 
(i) the strategic objectives and policies 
pursued by the Task Force to address the 
challenges of censorship and intimidation of 
United States persons while in the United 
States or any of its possessions or terri-
tories, which is directed or directly sup-
ported by the Government of the People’s 
Republic of China; 
(ii) the activities conducted by the 
Task Force in support of the strategic objec-
tives and policies referred to in clause (i); 
and 
(iii) the results of the activities referred 
to in clause (ii) and the impact of such ac-
tivities on the national interests of the 
United States. 
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(B) FORM OF REPORT.—Each report sub-
mitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be 
unclassified, but may include a classified annex. 
(C) CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFINGS.—Not later 
than 90 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Task Force 
shall provide briefings to the appropriate con-
gressional committees regarding the activities of 
the Task Force to execute the strategy developed 
pursuant to paragraph (3)(A). 
(c) REPORT ON CENSORSHIP AND INTIMIDATION OF 
UNITED STATES PERSONS BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.— 
(1) REPORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of State shall select and seek to enter 
into an agreement with a qualified research enti-
ty that is independent of the Department of 
State to write a report on censorship and in-
timidation in the United States and its posses-
sions and territories of United States persons, 
including United States companies that conduct 
business in the People’s Republic of China, which 
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is directed or directly supported by the Govern-
ment of the People’s Republic of China. 
(B) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The re-
port required under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) assess major trends, patterns, and 
methods of the Government of the People’s 
Republic of China’s efforts to direct or di-
rectly support censorship and intimidation 
of United States persons, including United 
States companies that conduct business in 
the People’s Republic of China, which are 
exercising their right to freedom of speech; 
(ii) assess, including through the use of 
illustrative examples, as appropriate, the 
impact on and consequences for United 
States persons, including United States 
companies that conduct business in the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China, that criticize— 
(I) the Chinese Communist Party; 
(II) the Government of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China; 
(III) the authoritarian model of 
government of the People’s Republic of 
China; or 
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(IV) a particular policy advanced 
by the Chinese Communist Party or 
the Government of the People’s Repub-
lic of China; 
(iii) identify the implications for the 
United States of the matters described in 
clauses (i) and (ii); 
(iv) assess the methods and evaluate 
the efficacy of the efforts by the Government 
of the People’s Republic of China to limit 
freedom of expression in the private sector, 
including media, social media, film, edu-
cation, travel, financial services, sports and 
entertainment, 
technology, 
telecommuni-
cation, and internet infrastructure interests; 
(v) include policy recommendations for 
the United States Government, including 
recommendations regarding collaboration 
with United States allies and partners, to 
address censorship and intimidation by the 
Government of the People’s Republic of 
China; and 
(vi) include policy recommendations 
for United States persons, including United 
States companies that conduct business in 
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China, to address censorship and intimida-
tion by the Government of the People’s Re-
public of China. 
(C) APPLICABILITY TO UNITED STATES AL-
LIES AND PARTNERS.—To the extent practicable, 
the report required under subparagraph (A) 
should identify implications and policy rec-
ommendations that are relevant to United States 
allies and partners facing censorship and intimi-
dation directed or directly supported by the Gov-
ernment of the People’s Republic of China. 
(2) SUBMISSION OF REPORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of State shall submit the report writ-
ten by the qualified research entity selected pur-
suant to paragraph (1)(A) to the appropriate 
congressional committees. 
(B) PUBLICATION.—The report referred to 
in subparagraph (A) shall be made accessible to 
the public online through relevant United States 
Government websites. 
(d) SUNSET.—This section shall terminate on the date 
that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 
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PART 3—INCLUSION OF TAIWAN IN 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 
SEC. 5516. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Since 2016, the Gambia, Sao Tome and 
Principe, Panama, the Dominican Republic, Burkina 
Faso, El Salvador, the Solomon Islands, and Kiribati 
have severed diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 
favor of diplomatic relations with China. 
(2) Taiwan was invited to participate in the 
World Health Assembly (WHA), the decision-making 
body of the World Health Organization (WHO), as an 
observer annually between 2009 and 2016. Since the 
2016 election of President Tsai, the PRC has increas-
ingly resisted Taiwan’s participation in the WHA. 
Taiwan was not invited to attend the WHA in 2017, 
2018, 2019, 2020, or 2021. 
(3) The Taipei Flight Information Region re-
portedly served 1,750,000 flights and 68,900,000 pas-
sengers in 2018, and is home to Taiwan Taoyuan 
International Airport, the eleventh busiest airport in 
the world. Taiwan has been excluded from partici-
pating at the International Civil Aviation Organiza-
tion (ICAO) since 2013. 
(4) United Nations (UN) General Assembly Res-
olution 2758 does not address the issue of representa-
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tion of Taiwan and its people at the United Nations, 
nor does it give the PRC the right to represent the 
people of Taiwan. 
SEC. 5517. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TAIWAN’S MEANINGFUL 
PARTICIPATION 
IN 
THE 
INTERNATIONAL 
COMMUNITY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) Taiwan is an important contributor to the 
global community, as a model for democracy, and by 
providing expertise in global health, international 
aviation security, emerging technology development, 
and high environmental standards; 
(2) multiple United States Government adminis-
trations of both political parties have taken impor-
tant steps to advance Taiwan’s meaningful participa-
tion in international organizations; 
(3) existing efforts to enhance United States co-
operation with Taiwan to provide global public goods, 
including through development assistance, humani-
tarian assistance, and disaster relief, in trilateral and 
multilateral fora are laudable and should continue; 
(4) nonetheless, significant structural, policy, 
and legal barriers remain to advancing Taiwan’s 
meaningful participation in the international com-
munity; and 
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(5) efforts to share Taiwan’s expertise with other 
parts of the global community could be further en-
hanced through a systematic approach, along with 
greater attention from Congress and the American 
public to such efforts. 
SEC. 5518. STRATEGY TO SUPPORT TAIWAN’S MEANINGFUL 
PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL ORGANI-
ZATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with other Federal departments and agen-
cies as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a strategy— 
(1) to advance Taiwan’’s meaningful participa-
tion in a prioritized set of international organiza-
tions (IOs); and 
(2) that responds to growing pressure from the 
PRC on foreign governments, IOs, commercial actors, 
and civil society organizations to comply with its 
‘‘One-China Principle’’, with respect to Taiwan. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The strategy re-
quired under subsection (a) should include the following ele-
ments: 
(1) An assessment of the methods the PRC uses 
to coerce actors to into adhering to its ‘‘One-China 
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Principle.’’ The methods should include those em-
ployed against governments, IOs, and civil society or-
ganizations. The assessment should also include pres-
sure on commercial actors, to the extent it is relevant 
in the context of Taiwan’s meaningful participation 
in IOs. 
(2) An assessment of the policies of foreign gov-
ernments toward the PRC and Taiwan, to identify 
likeminded allies and partners who might become 
public or private partners in the strategy. 
(3) A systematic analysis of all IOs, as prac-
ticable, to identify IOs that best lend themselves to ad-
vancing Taiwan’s participation. 
(4) A plan to expand economic, security, and 
diplomatic engagement with nations that have de-
monstrably strengthened, enhanced, or upgraded rela-
tions with Taiwan, in accordance with United States 
interests. 
(5) A survey of IOs that have allowed Taiwan’s 
meaningful participation, including an assessment of 
whether any erosion in Taiwan’s engagement has oc-
curred within those organizations and how Taiwan’s 
participation has positively strengthened the capacity 
and activity of these organizations, thereby providing 
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positive models for Taiwan’s inclusion in other simi-
lar forums. 
(6) A list of no more than 20 IOs at which the 
United States Government will prioritize for using its 
voice, vote, and influence to advance Taiwan’s mean-
ingful participation over the three-year period fol-
lowing the date of enactment of this Act. The list 
should be derived from the IOs identified in para-
graph (3). 
(7) A description of the diplomatic strategies 
and the coalitions the United States Government 
plans to develop to implement paragraph (6). 
(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The strategy required in sub-
section (a) shall be classified, but it may include an unclas-
sified summary. 
(d) SUPPORT FOR MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION.—The 
Permanent Representative of the United States to the 
United Nations and other relevant United States officials 
shall actively support Taiwan’s meaningful participation 
in all appropriate international organizations. 
SEC. 5519. MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION OF TAIWAN IN THE 
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZA-
TION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that— 
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(1) the International Civil Aviation Organiza-
tion (ICAO) should allow Taiwan to meaningfully 
participate in the organization, including in ICAO 
triennial assembly sessions, conferences, technical 
working groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms; 
(2) Taiwan is a global leader and hub for inter-
national aviation, with a range of expertise, informa-
tion, and resources and the fifth busiest airport in 
Asia (Taoyuan International Airport), and its mean-
ingful participation in ICAO would significantly en-
hance the ability of ICAO to ensure the safety and se-
curity of global aviation; and 
(3) coercion by the Chinese Communist Party 
and the People’s Republic of China has ensured the 
systematic exclusion of Taiwan from meaningful par-
ticipation in ICAO, significantly undermining the 
ability of ICAO to ensure the safety and security of 
global aviation. 
(b) PLAN FOR TAIWAN’S MEANINGFUL PARTICIPATION 
IN THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION.— 
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary 
of Commerce and the Secretary of Transportation, is au-
thorized— 
(1) to initiate a United States plan to secure 
Taiwan’s meaningful participation in ICAO, includ-
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ing in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, 
technical working groups, meetings, activities, and 
mechanisms; and 
(2) to instruct the United States representative 
to the ICAO to— 
(A) use the voice and vote of the United 
States to ensure Taiwan’s meaningful participa-
tion in ICAO, including in ICAO triennial as-
sembly sessions, conferences, technical working 
groups, meetings, activities, and mechanisms; 
and 
(B) seek to secure a vote at the next ICAO 
triennial assembly session on the question of Tai-
wan’s participation in that session. 
(c) REPORT
CONCERNING
TAIWAN’S
MEANINGFUL 
PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION 
ORGANIZATION.—Not later than 90 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and not later than April 1 of 
each year thereafter for the following 6 years, the Secretary 
of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, 
shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and the 
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Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Rep-
resentatives an unclassified report that— 
(1) describes the United States plan to ensure 
Taiwan’s meaningful participation in ICAO, includ-
ing in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, conferences, 
technical working groups, meetings, activities, and 
mechanisms; 
(2) includes an account of the efforts made by the 
Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce to 
ensure Taiwan’s meaningful participation in ICAO, 
including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, con-
ferences, technical working groups, meetings, activi-
ties, and mechanisms; and 
(3) identifies the steps the Secretary of State and 
the Secretary of Commerce will take in the next year 
to ensure Taiwan’s meaningful participation in 
ICAO, including in ICAO triennial assembly sessions, 
conferences, technical working groups, meetings, ac-
tivities, and mechanisms. 
PART 4—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
SEC. 5520. REPORT ON TAIWAN TRAVEL ACT. 
(a) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate committees 
of Congress’’ means— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of State shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a re-
port on the implementation of the Taiwan Travel Act 
(Public Law 115–135; 132 Stat. 341), including a 
discussion of its positive effects on United States in-
terests in the region. 
(2) FORM.—The report required under para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include a classified annex. 
SEC. 5521. AMENDMENTS TO THE TAIWAN ALLIES INTER-
NATIONAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT 
INITIATIVE (TAIPEI) ACT OF 2019. 
The Taiwan Allies International Protection and En-
hancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019 (Public Law 
116–135) is amended— 
(1) in section 2(5), by striking ‘‘and Kiribati’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Kiribati, and Nicaragua,’’; 
(2) in section 4— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘should be’’ and inserting ‘‘is’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
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(C) in paragraph (3), by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) to support Taiwan’s diplomatic relations 
with governments and countries’’; and 
(3) in section 5— 
(A) in subsection (a)— 
(i) in paragraph (2), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in paragraph (3), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(4) identify why governments and countries 
have altered their diplomatic status vis-a-vis Taiwan 
and make recommendations to mitigate further dete-
rioration in Taiwan’s diplomatic relations with gov-
ernments and countries.’’; 
(B) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter for five years, the Secretary 
of State shall report’’ and inserting ‘‘90 days 
after the date of the enactment of the Taiwan 
Enhanced Resilience Act, and annually there-
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after for the following 7 years, the Secretary of 
State shall submit an unclassified report, with a 
classified annex,’’; 
(C) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub-
section (d); and 
(D) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(c) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of the Taiwan Enhanced Resilience 
Act, and annually thereafter for the following 7 years, the 
Secretary of State shall provide briefings to the appropriate 
congressional committees on the steps taken in accordance 
with section (a). The briefings required under this sub-
section shall take place in an unclassified setting, but may 
be accompanied by an additional classified briefing.’’. 
SEC. 5522. REPORT ON ROLE OF PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA’S NUCLEAR THREAT IN ESCALATION 
DYNAMICS. 
(a) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Sen-
ate; 
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(3) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; 
(4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; 
(5) the Committee on Armed Services of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(6) the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report assessing the role of the 
increasing nuclear threat of the People’s Republic of China 
in escalation dynamics with respect to Taiwan. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (b) shall 
be submitted in classified form, but may include an unclas-
sified summary. 
SEC. 5523. REPORT ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF RUSSIA’S 
WAR AGAINST UKRAINE ON THE OBJECTIVES 
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WITH 
RESPECT TO TAIWAN. 
(a) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
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(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate; 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Sen-
ate; 
(3) the Committee on Appropriations of the Sen-
ate; 
(4) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; 
(5) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs of the Senate; 
(6) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate; 
(7) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; 
(8) the Committee on Armed Services of the 
House of Representatives; 
(9) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives; 
(10) the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives; 
(11) the Committee on Financial Services of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(12) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of 
the House of Representatives. 
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(b) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Direc-
tor of National Intelligence, shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees that analyzes the im-
pact of Russia’s war against Ukraine on the PRC’s diplo-
matic, military, economic, and propaganda objectives with 
respect to Taiwan. 
(c) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection (b) 
shall describe— 
(1) adaptations or known changes to PRC strate-
gies and military doctrine that the United States as-
sesses are a direct result of the Russian invasion of 
Ukraine or that the United States assesses represent 
lessons learned by the People’s Republic of China in 
light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including 
changes— 
(A) to PRC behavior in international fo-
rums; 
(B) within the People’s Liberation Army, 
with respect to the size of forces, the makeup of 
leadership, weapons procurement, equipment up-
keep, the doctrine on the use of specific weapons, 
such as weapons banned under the international 
law of armed conflict, efforts to move weapons 
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supply chains onto mainland PRC, or any other 
changes in its military strategy with respect to 
Taiwan; 
(C) in economic planning, such as sanctions 
evasion, efforts to minimize exposure to sanc-
tions, or moves in support of the protection of 
currency or other strategic reserves; 
(D) to propaganda, disinformation, and 
other information operations originating in the 
PRC; and 
(E) to the PRC’s strategy for the use of force 
against Taiwan, including any information on 
preferred scenarios or operations to secure its ob-
jectives in Taiwan, adjustments based on how 
the Russian military has performed in Ukraine, 
and other relevant matters; and 
(2) United States plans to adapt policies and 
military planning in response to the changes referred 
to in paragraph (1). 
(d) FORM.—The report required by subsection (b) shall 
be submitted in classified form. 
(e) COORDINATION WITH ALLIES AND PARTNERS.— 
The Secretary of State shall share information contained 
in the report required by subsection (b), as appropriate, 
with appropriate officials of allied and partners, including 
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Taiwan and other partners in Europe and in the Indo-Pa-
cific. 
SEC. 5524. EXPANDING UNITED STATES-TAIWAN DEVELOP-
MENT COOPERATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No later than 120 days following 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development (USAID), the 
United States International Development Finance Corpora-
tion (DFC), and the heads of other relevant Federal depart-
ments and agencies that provide international economic as-
sistance and other support, shall submit to Congress a re-
port on cooperation with Taiwan on trilateral and multi-
lateral development initiatives through the American Insti-
tute in Taiwan as appropriate. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report required 
by subsection (a) shall include the following elements: 
(1) A comprehensive review of existing coopera-
tion mechanisms and initiatives among USAID, 
DFC, other relevant Federal agencies that provide 
international economic assistance and other support, 
and relevant departments and agencies in Taiwan, 
including Taiwan’s International Cooperation and 
Development Fund (ICDF). 
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(2) An assessment of how United States develop-
ment cooperation with relevant departments and 
agencies in Taiwan compares to comparable coopera-
tion with partners of similar economic size and for-
eign assistance capacity to Taiwan. 
(3) An analysis of the opportunities and chal-
lenges the cooperation reviewed in paragraph (1) has 
offered to date. The analysis shall include— 
(A) opportunities that collaboration has of-
fered to expand the United States Government’s 
ability to deliver support, assistance, and other 
international financial products into a wider 
range communities; 
(B) sectors where USAID, DFC, ICDF, 
other relevant Federal agencies that provide 
international economic assistance and other sup-
port in both Taiwan and the United States, or 
the organizations’ implementing partners have a 
comparative advantage in providing assistance; 
(C) opportunities to transition capacity 
building events with relevant departments and 
agencies in Taiwan, through the Global Coopera-
tion and Training Framework as well as other 
forums, into enduring forms of development co-
operation. 
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(4) An assessment of any legal, policy, logistical, 
financial, or administrative barriers to expanding co-
operation in trilateral or multilateral development. 
The analysis shall include— 
(A) availability of personnel at the Amer-
ican Institute in Taiwan responsible for coordi-
nating development assistance cooperation; 
(B) volume of current cooperation initia-
tives and barriers to expanding them; 
(C) diplomatic, policy, or legal barriers fac-
ing the United States or other partners to in-
cluding Taiwan in formal and informal multi-
lateral development cooperation mechanisms; 
(D) resource or capacity barriers to expand-
ing cooperation facing the United States or Tai-
wan; and 
(E) geopolitical barriers that complicate 
United States-Taiwan cooperation in third coun-
tries. 
(5) Recommendations to address the challenges 
identified in paragraph (4). 
(6) A description of any additional resources or 
authorities that expanding cooperation might require. 
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(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The strategy required under 
subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include a classified annex. 
SEC. 5525. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON EXPANDING UNITED 
STATES ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH TAI-
WAN. 
It is the sense of the Congress that— 
(1) expanding United States economic relations 
with Taiwan has benefitted the people of both the 
United States and Taiwan, as Taiwan is now the 
United States 10th largest goods trading partner, 
13th largest export market, 13th largest source of im-
ports, and a key destination for United States agri-
cultural exports; 
(2) further integration would benefit both peoples 
and is in the strategic and diplomatic interests of the 
United States; and 
(3) the United States should explore opportuni-
ties to expand economic agreements between Taiwan 
and the United States, through dialogue, and by de-
veloping the legal templates required to support po-
tential future agreements. 
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PART 
5—SUPPORTING 
UNITED 
STATES 
EDU-
CATIONAL AND EXCHANGE PROGRAMS WITH 
TAIWAN 
SEC. 5526. SHORT TITLE. 
This part may be cited as the ‘‘Taiwan Fellowship 
Act’’. 
SEC. 5527. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) The Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96– 
8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) affirmed United States pol-
icy ‘‘to preserve and promote extensive, close, and 
friendly commercial, cultural, and other relations be-
tween the people of the United States and the people 
on Taiwan, as well as the people on the China main-
land and all other peoples of the Western Pacific 
area’’. 
(2) Consistent with the Asia Reassurance Initia-
tive Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–409), the United 
States has grown its strategic partnership with Tai-
wan’s vibrant democracy of 23,000,000 people. 
(3) The creation of a United States fellowship 
program with Taiwan would support— 
(A) a key priority of expanding people-to- 
people exchanges, which was outlined in Presi-
dent Donald J. Trump’s 2017 National Security 
Strategy; 
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(B) President Joseph R. Biden’s commit-
ment to Taiwan, ‘‘a leading democracy and a 
critical economic and security partner’’, as ex-
pressed in his March 2021 Interim National Se-
curity Strategic Guidance; and 
(C) April 2021 guidance from the Depart-
ment of State based on a review required under 
the Taiwan Assurance Act of 2020 (subtitle B of 
title III of division FF of Public Law 116–260) 
to ‘‘encourage U.S. government engagement with 
Taiwan that reflects our deepening unofficial re-
lationship’’. 
SEC. 5528. PURPOSES. 
The purposes of this part are— 
(1) to further strengthen the United States-Tai-
wan strategic partnership and broaden understanding 
of the Indo-Pacific region by temporarily assigning 
officials of any agencies of the United States Govern-
ment to Taiwan for intensive study in Mandarin and 
placement as Fellows in a Taiwanese civic institu-
tion; 
(2) to provide for eligible United States per-
sonnel— 
(A) to learn or strengthen Mandarin Chi-
nese language skills; and 
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(B) to expand their understanding of the 
political economy of Taiwan and the Indo-Pa-
cific region; and 
(3) to better position the United States to ad-
vance its economic, security, and human rights inter-
ests and values in the Indo-Pacific region. 
SEC. 5529. DEFINITIONS. 
In this part: 
(1) AGENCY
HEAD.—The term ‘‘agency head’’ 
means, in the case of the executive branch of United 
States Government or a legislative branch agency de-
scribed in paragraph (2), the head of the respective 
agency. 
(2) AGENCY OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERN-
MENT.—The term ‘‘agency of the United States Gov-
ernment’’ includes the Government Accountability Of-
fice, the Congressional Budget Office, and the Con-
gressional Research Service of the legislative branch, 
as well as any agency of the executive branch. 
(3) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.— 
The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Congress’’ 
means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; 
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(B) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
(4) DETAILEE.—The term ‘‘detailee’’ means— 
(A) an employee of an agency of the United 
States Government on loan to the American In-
stitute in Taiwan, without a change of position 
from the agency at which the employee is em-
ployed; and 
(B) a legislative branch employee from the 
Government Accountability Office, Congressional 
Budget Office, or the Congressional Research 
Service. 
(5) IMPLEMENTING PARTNER.—The term ‘‘imple-
menting partner’’ means any United States organiza-
tion described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 that— 
(A) performs logistical, administrative, and 
other functions, as determined by the Depart-
ment of State and the American Institute of Tai-
wan in support of the Taiwan Fellowship Pro-
gram; and 
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(B) enters into a cooperative agreement 
with the American Institute in Taiwan to ad-
minister the Taiwan Fellowship Program. 
(6) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Program’’ means the 
Taiwan Fellowship Program established pursuant to 
section 5530. 
SEC. 5530. TAIWAN FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of State shall es-
tablish the Taiwan Fellowship Program (referred to in this 
section as the ‘‘Program’’) to provide a fellowship oppor-
tunity in Taiwan of up to 2 years for eligible United States 
citizens. The Department of State, in consultation with the 
American Institute in Taiwan and the implementing part-
ner, may modify the name of the Program. 
(b) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The American Institute in 
Taiwan should use amounts appropriated pursuant 
to section 5533(a) to enter into an annual or multi- 
year cooperative agreement with an appropriate im-
plementing partner. 
(2) FELLOWSHIPS.—The Department of State or 
the American Institute in Taiwan, in consultation 
with, as appropriate, the implementing partner, 
should award to eligible United States citizens, sub-
ject to available funding— 
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(A) approximately 5 fellowships during the 
first 2 years of the Program; and 
(B) approximately 10 fellowships during 
each of the remaining years of the Program. 
(c) AMERICAN INSTITUTION IN TAIWAN AGREEMENT; 
IMPLEMENTING PARTNER.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the American Institute 
in Taiwan, in consultation with the Department of State, 
should— 
(1) begin negotiations with the Taipei Economic 
and Cultural Representative Office, or with another 
appropriate entity, for the purpose of entering into 
an agreement to facilitate the placement of fellows in 
an agency of Taiwan; and 
(2) begin the process of selecting an imple-
menting partner, which— 
(A) shall agree to meet all of the legal re-
quirements required to operate in Taiwan; and 
(B) shall be composed of staff who dem-
onstrate significant experience managing ex-
change programs in the Indo-Pacific region. 
(d) CURRICULUM.— 
(1) FIRST YEAR.—During the first year of each 
fellowship under this section, each fellow should 
study— 
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(A) the Mandarin Chinese language; 
(B) the people, history, and political cli-
mate on Taiwan; and 
(C) the issues affecting the relationship be-
tween the United States and the Indo-Pacific re-
gion. 
(2) SECOND YEAR.—During the second year of 
each fellowship under this section, each fellow, subject 
to the approval of the Department of State, the Amer-
ican Institute in Taiwan, and the implementing 
partner, and in accordance with the purposes of this 
subtitle, should work in— 
(A) a parliamentary office, ministry, or 
other agency of Taiwan; or 
(B) an organization outside the public sec-
tor in Taiwan, whose interests are associated 
with the interests of the fellow and the agency of 
the United States Government from which the 
fellow is or had been employed. 
(e) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) ELIGIBILITY
REQUIREMENTS.—A United 
States citizen is eligible for a fellowship under this 
section if the citizen— 
(A) is an employee of the United States 
Government; 
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(B) has received at least one exemplary per-
formance review in his or her current United 
States Government role within at least the last 
three years prior to beginning the fellowship; 
(C) has at least 2 years of experience in any 
branch of the United States Government; 
(D) has a demonstrated professional or edu-
cational background in the relationship between 
the United States and countries in the Indo-Pa-
cific region; and 
(E) has demonstrated his or her commit-
ment to further service in the United States Gov-
ernment. 
(2) RESPONSIBILITIES OF FELLOWS.—Each re-
cipient of a fellowship under this section shall agree, 
as a condition of such fellowship— 
(A) to maintain satisfactory progress in 
language training and appropriate behavior in 
Taiwan, consistent with United States Govern-
ment policy toward Taiwan, as determined by 
the Department of State, the American Institute 
in Taiwan and, as appropriate, its imple-
menting partner; 
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(B) to refrain from engaging in any intel-
ligence or intelligence-related activity on behalf 
of the United States Government; and 
(C) to continue Federal Government em-
ployment for a period of not less than 4 years 
after the conclusion of the fellowship or for not 
less than 2 years for a fellowship that is 1 year 
or shorter. 
(3) RESPONSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING PART-
NER.— 
(A) SELECTION OF FELLOWS.—The imple-
menting partner, with the concurrence of the De-
partment of State and the American Institute in 
Taiwan, shall— 
(i) make efforts to recruit fellowship 
candidates who reflect the diversity of the 
United States; 
(ii) select fellows for the Taiwan Fel-
lowship Program based solely on merit, 
with appropriate supervision from the De-
partment of State and the American Insti-
tute in Taiwan; and 
(iii) prioritize the selection of can-
didates willing to serve in a fellowship last-
ing 1 year or longer. 
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(B) FIRST YEAR.—The implementing part-
ner should provide each fellow in the first year 
(or shorter duration, as jointly determined by the 
Department of State and the American Institute 
in Taiwan for those who are not serving a 2- 
year fellowship) with— 
(i) intensive Mandarin Chinese lan-
guage training; and 
(ii) courses in the politics, culture, and 
history of Taiwan, China, and the broader 
Indo-Pacific. 
(C) WAIVER
OF
FIRST-YEAR
TRAINING.— 
The Department of State, in coordination with 
the American Institute in Taiwan and, as ap-
propriate, the implementing partner, may waive 
any of the training required under paragraph 
(2) to the extent that a fellow has Mandarin lan-
guage skills, knowledge of the topic described in 
subparagraph (B)(ii), or for other related rea-
sons approved by the Department of State and 
the American Institute in Taiwan. If any of the 
training requirements are waived for a fellow 
serving a 2-year fellowship, the training portion 
of his or her fellowship may be shortened to the 
extent appropriate. 
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(D) OFFICE; STAFFING.—The implementing 
partner, in consultation with the Department of 
State and the American Institute in Taiwan, 
may maintain an office and at least 1 full-time 
staff member in Taiwan— 
(i) to liaise with the American Insti-
tute in Taiwan and institutions of Taiwan; 
and 
(ii) to serve as the primary in-country 
point of contact for the recipients of fellow-
ships under this part and their dependents. 
(E) OTHER FUNCTIONS.—The implementing 
partner may perform other functions in associa-
tion with support of the Taiwan Fellowship Pro-
gram, including logistical and administrative 
functions, as prescribed by the Department of 
State and the American Institute in Taiwan. 
(4) NONCOMPLIANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Any fellow who fails to 
comply with the requirements under this section 
shall reimburse the American Institute in Tai-
wan, or the appropriate United States Govern-
ment agency for— 
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(i) the Federal funds expended for the 
fellow’s participation in the fellowship, as 
set forth in subparagraphs (B) and (C); and 
(ii) interest accrued on such funds 
(calculated at the prevailing rate). 
(B) FULL
REIMBURSEMENT.—Any fellow 
who violates subparagraph (A) or (B) of para-
graph (2) shall reimburse the American Institute 
in Taiwan, or the appropriate United States 
Government agency, in an amount equal to the 
sum of— 
(i) all of the Federal funds expended 
for the fellow’s participation in the fellow-
ship; and 
(ii) interest on the amount specified in 
subparagraph (A), which shall be calculated 
at the prevailing rate. 
(C) PRO RATA REIMBURSEMENT.—Any fel-
low who violates subparagraph (C) of paragraph 
(2) shall reimburse the American Institute in 
Taiwan, or the appropriate United States Gov-
ernment agency, in an amount equal to the dif-
ference between— 
(i) the amount specified in subpara-
graph (B); and 
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(ii) the product of— 
(I) the amount the fellow received 
in compensation during the final year 
of the fellowship, including the value of 
any allowances and benefits received 
by the fellow; multiplied by 
(II) the percentage of the period 
specified in paragraph (2)(C) during 
which the fellow did not remain em-
ployed by the Federal Government. 
(f) FLEXIBLE
FELLOWSHIP
DURATION.—Notwith-
standing any requirement under this section, the Secretary 
of State, in consultation with the American Institute in 
Taiwan and, as appropriate, the implementing partner, 
may award fellowships that have a duration of less than 
2 years, and may alter the curriculum requirements under 
subsection (d) for such purposes. 
(g) SUNSET.—The fellowship program under this part 
shall terminate 7 years after the date of the enactment of 
this Act. 
SEC. 5531. REPORTS AND AUDITS. 
(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after 
the selection of the first class of fellows under this part, and 
annually thereafter for 7 years, the Department of State 
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shall offer to brief the appropriate committees of Congress 
regarding the following issues: 
(1) An assessment of the performance of the im-
plementing partner in fulfilling the purposes of this 
part. 
(2) The names and sponsoring agencies of the fel-
lows selected by the implementing partner and the ex-
tent to which such fellows represent the diversity of 
the United States. 
(3) The names of the parliamentary offices, min-
istries, other agencies of Taiwan, and nongovern-
mental institutions to which each fellow was assigned 
during the second year of the fellowship. 
(4) Any recommendations, as appropriate, to 
improve the implementation of the Taiwan Fellow-
ship Program, including added flexibilities in the ad-
ministration of the program. 
(5) An assessment of the Taiwan Fellowship Pro-
gram’s value upon the relationship between the 
United States and Taiwan or the United States and 
Asian countries. 
(b) ANNUAL FINANCIAL AUDIT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The financial records of any 
implementing partner shall be audited annually in 
accordance with generally accepted government audit-
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ing standards by independent certified public ac-
countants or independent licensed public accountants 
who are certified or licensed by a regulatory authority 
of a State or another political subdivision of the 
United States. 
(2) LOCATION.—Each audit under paragraph 
(1) shall be conducted at the place or places where the 
financial records of the implementing partner are 
normally kept. 
(3) ACCESS TO DOCUMENTS.—The implementing 
partner shall make available to the accountants con-
ducting an audit under paragraph (1)— 
(A) all books, financial records, files, other 
papers, things, and property belonging to, or in 
use by, the implementing partner that are nec-
essary to facilitate the audit; and 
(B) full facilities for verifying transactions 
with the balances or securities held by deposi-
tories, fiscal agents, and custodians. 
(4) REPORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 270 days 
after the end of each fiscal year, the imple-
menting partner shall provide a report of the 
audit conducted for such fiscal year under para-
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graph (1) to the Department of State and the 
American Institute in Taiwan. 
(B) CONTENTS.—Each audit report shall— 
(i) set forth the scope of the audit; 
(ii) include such statements, along 
with the auditor’s opinion of those state-
ments, as may be necessary to present fairly 
the implementing partner’s assets and li-
abilities, surplus or deficit, with reasonable 
detail; 
(iii) include a statement of the imple-
menting partner’s income and expenses dur-
ing the year; and 
(iv) include a schedule of— 
(I) all contracts and cooperative 
agreements requiring payments greater 
than $5,000; and 
(II) any payments of compensa-
tion, salaries, or fees at a rate greater 
than $5,000 per year. 
(C) COPIES.—Each audit report shall be 
produced in sufficient copies for distribution to 
the public. 
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SEC. 5532. TAIWAN FELLOWS ON DETAIL FROM GOVERN-
MENT SERVICE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) DETAIL AUTHORIZED.—With the approval of 
the Secretary of State, an agency head may detail, for 
a period of not more than 2 years, an employee of the 
agency of the United States Government who has been 
awarded a fellowship under this part, to the Amer-
ican Institute in Taiwan for the purpose of assign-
ment to Taiwan or an organization described in sec-
tion 5530(d)(2)(B). 
(2) AGREEMENT.—Each detailee shall enter into 
a written agreement with the Federal Government be-
fore receiving a fellowship, in which the fellow shall 
agree— 
(A) to continue in the service of the spon-
soring agency at the end of fellowship for a pe-
riod of at least 4 years (or at least 2 years if the 
fellowship duration is 1 year or shorter) unless 
the detailee is involuntarily separated from the 
service of such agency; and 
(B) to pay to the American Institute in 
Taiwan, or the United States Government agen-
cy, as appropriate, any additional expenses in-
curred by the Federal Government in connection 
with the fellowship if the detailee voluntarily 
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separates from service with the sponsoring agen-
cy before the end of the period for which the 
detailee has agreed to continue in the service of 
such agency. 
(3) EXCEPTION.—The payment agreed to under 
paragraph (2)(B) may not be required from a detailee 
who leaves the service of the sponsoring agency to 
enter into the service of another agency of the United 
States Government unless the head of the sponsoring 
agency notifies the detailee before the effective date of 
entry into the service of the other agency that pay-
ment will be required under this subsection. 
(b) 
STATUS
AS
GOVERNMENT
EMPLOYEE.—A 
detailee— 
(1) is deemed, for the purpose of preserving al-
lowances, privileges, rights, seniority, and other bene-
fits, to be an employee of the sponsoring agency; 
(2) is entitled to pay, allowances, and benefits 
from funds available to such agency, which is deemed 
to comply with section 5536 of title 5, United States 
Code; and 
(3) may be assigned to a position with an entity 
described in section 5530(d)(2)(A) if acceptance of 
such position does not involve— 
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(A) the taking of an oath of allegiance to 
another government; or 
(B) the acceptance of compensation or other 
benefits from any foreign government by such 
detailee. 
(c) RESPONSIBILITIES OF SPONSORING AGENCY.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Federal agency from 
which a detailee is detailed should provide the fellow 
allowances and benefits that are consistent with De-
partment of State Standardized Regulations or other 
applicable rules and regulations, including— 
(A) a living quarters allowance to cover the 
cost of housing in Taiwan; 
(B) a cost of living allowance to cover any 
possible higher costs of living in Taiwan; 
(C) a temporary quarters subsistence allow-
ance for up to 7 days if the fellow is unable to 
find housing immediately upon arriving in Tai-
wan; 
(D) an education allowance to assist par-
ents in providing the fellow’s minor children 
with educational services ordinarily provided 
without charge by public schools in the United 
States; 
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(E) moving expenses to transport personal 
belongings of the fellow and his or her family in 
their move to Taiwan, which is comparable to 
the allowance given for American Institute in 
Taiwan employees assigned to Taiwan; and 
(F) an economy-class airline ticket to and 
from Taiwan for each fellow and the fellow’s im-
mediate family. 
(2) MODIFICATION OF BENEFITS.—The American 
Institute in Taiwan and its implementing partner, 
with the approval of the Department of State, may 
modify the benefits set forth in paragraph (1) if such 
modification is warranted by fiscal circumstances. 
(d) NO FINANCIAL LIABILITY.—The American Insti-
tute in Taiwan, the implementing partner, and Taiwan or 
non-public sector entities in Taiwan at which a fellow is 
detailed during the second year of the fellowship may not 
be held responsible for the pay, allowances, or any other 
benefit normally provided to the detailee. 
(e) REIMBURSEMENT.—Fellows may be detailed under 
subsection (a)(1) without reimbursement to the United 
States by the American Institute in Taiwan. 
(f) ALLOWANCES AND BENEFITS.—Detailees may be 
paid by the American Institute in Taiwan for the allow-
ances and benefits listed in subsection (c). 
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SEC. 5533. FUNDING. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the American Institute in 
Taiwan— 
(1) for fiscal year 2023, $2,900,000, of which— 
(A) $500,000 should be used to launch the 
Taiwan Fellowship Program through a competi-
tive cooperative agreement with an appropriate 
implementing partner; 
(B) $2,300,000 should be used to fund a co-
operative agreement with an appropriate imple-
menting partner; and 
(C) $100,000 should be used for manage-
ment expenses of the American Institute in Tai-
wan related to the management of the Taiwan 
Fellowship Program; and 
(2) for fiscal year 2024, and each succeeding fis-
cal year, $2,400,000, of which— 
(A) $2,300,000 should be used for a coopera-
tive agreement to the appropriate implementing 
partner; and 
(B) $100,000 should be used for manage-
ment expenses of the American Institute in Tai-
wan related to the management of the Taiwan 
Fellowship Program. 
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(b) PRIVATE SOURCES.—The implementing partner 
selected to implement the Taiwan Fellowship Program may 
accept, use, and dispose of gifts or donations of services or 
property in carrying out such program, subject to the re-
view and approval of the American Institute in Taiwan. 
SEC. 5534. STUDY AND REPORT. 
Not later than 1 year prior to the sunset of the fellow-
ship program under section 5530(g), the Comptroller Gen-
eral of the United States shall conduct a study and submit 
to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House a report that 
includes— 
(1) an analysis of the United States Government 
participants in this program, including the number 
of applicants and the number of fellowships under-
taken, the place of employment, and an assessment of 
the costs and benefits for participants and for the 
United States Government of such fellowships; 
(2) an analysis of the financial impact of the fel-
lowship on United States Government offices which 
have provided fellows to participate in the program; 
and 
(3) recommendations, if any, on how to improve 
the fellowship program. 
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SEC. 5535. SUPPORTING UNITED STATES EDUCATIONAL 
AND EXCHANGE PROGRAMS WITH TAIWAN. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES-TAIWAN 
CULTURAL EXCHANGE FOUNDATION.—The Secretary of 
State should consider establishing an independent nonprofit 
entity that— 
(1) is dedicated to deepening ties between the fu-
ture leaders of Taiwan and the future leaders of the 
United States; and 
(2) works with State and local school districts 
and educational institutions to send high school and 
university students to Taiwan to study the Chinese 
language, culture, history, politics, and other relevant 
subjects. 
(b) PARTNER.—State and local school districts and 
educational institutions, including public universities, are 
encouraged to partner with the Taipei Economic and Cul-
tural Representative Office in the United States to establish 
programs to promote more educational and cultural ex-
changes. 
PART 6—UNITED STATES-TAIWAN PUBLIC 
HEALTH PROTECTION 
SEC. 5536. SHORT TITLE. 
This part may be cited as ‘‘United States-Taiwan 
Public Health Protection Act’’. 
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SEC. 5537. DEFINITIONS. 
In this part: 
(1) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—For the purposes of this part, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Health, Education, 
Labor, and Pensions of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate; 
(D) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; 
(E) the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce of the House of Representatives; and 
(F) the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives. 
(2) CENTER.—The term ‘‘Center’’ means the In-
fectious Disease Monitoring Center described in sec-
tion 5538(a)(2). 
SEC. 5538. STUDY ON AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE MONI-
TORING CENTER. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than one year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation 
with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and 
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agencies, shall submit to appropriate congressional commit-
tees a study that includes the following: 
(1) A description of ongoing cooperation between 
the United States Government and Taiwan related to 
public health, including public health activities sup-
ported by the United States in Taiwan. 
(2) A description how the United States and 
Taiwan can promote further cooperation and expand 
public health activities, including the feasibility and 
utility of establishing an Infectious Disease Moni-
toring Center within the American Institute of Tai-
wan in Taipei, Taiwan to— 
(A) regularly monitor, analyze, and dis-
seminate open-source material from countries in 
the region, including viral strains, bacterial 
subtypes, and other pathogens; 
(B) engage in people-to-people contacts with 
medical specialists and public health officials in 
the region; 
(C) provide expertise and information on 
infectious diseases to the United States Govern-
ment and Taiwanese officials; and 
(D) carry out other appropriate activities, 
as determined by the Director of the Center. 
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(b) ELEMENTS.—The study required by subsection (a) 
shall include— 
(1) a plan on how such a Center would be estab-
lished and operationalized, including— 
(A) the personnel, material, and funding re-
quirements necessary to establish and operate the 
Center; and 
(B) the proposed structure and composition 
of Center personnel, which may include— 
(i) infectious disease experts from the 
Department of Health and Human Services, 
who are recommended to serve as detailees 
to the Center; and 
(ii) additional qualified persons to 
serve as detailees to or employees of the Cen-
ter, including— 
(I) from any other relevant Fed-
eral department or agencies, to include 
the Department of State and the 
United States Agency for International 
Development; 
(II) qualified foreign service na-
tionals or locally engaged staff who are 
considered citizens of Taiwan; and 
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(III) employees of the Taiwan 
Centers for Disease Control; 
(2) an evaluation, based on the factors in para-
graph (1), of whether to establish the Center; and 
(3) a description of any consultations or agree-
ments between the American Institute in Taiwan and 
the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Of-
fice in the United States regarding the establishment 
and operation of the Center, including— 
(A) the role that employees of the Taiwan 
Centers for Disease Control would play in sup-
porting or coordinating with the Center; and 
(B) whether any employees of the Taiwan 
Centers for Disease Control would be detailed to, 
or co-located with, the Center. 
(c) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary of State and the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services shall consult with 
the appropriate congressional committees before full comple-
tion of the study. 
PART 7—RULES OF CONSTRUCTION 
SEC. 5539. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed— 
(1) to restore diplomatic relations with the Re-
public of China; or 
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(2) to alter the United States Government’s posi-
tion with respect to the international status of the Re-
public of China. 
SEC. 5540. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING THE USE 
OF MILITARY FORCE. 
Nothing in this title may be construed as authorizing 
the use of military force or the introduction of United States 
forces into hostilities. 
Subtitle B—United States-Ecuador 
Partnership Act of 2022 
SEC. 5541. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘United States-Ecua-
dor Partnership Act of 2022’’. 
SEC. 5542. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States should take additional 
steps to strengthen its bilateral partnership with Ec-
uador, including by providing for robust trade and 
investment, increasing law enforcement cooperation, 
renewing the activities of the United States Agency 
for International Development in Ecuador, and sup-
porting Ecuador’s response to and recovery from the 
COVID–19 pandemic, as necessary and appropriate; 
and 
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(2) strengthening the United States-Ecuador 
partnership presents an opportunity to advance core 
United States national security interests and work 
with other democratic partners to maintain a pros-
perous, politically stable, and democratic Western 
Hemisphere that is resilient to malign foreign influ-
ence. 
SEC. 5543. FACILITATING ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL 
TIES. 
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of Commerce, the United States Trade Representa-
tive, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the heads of other 
relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, 
shall develop and implement a strategy to strengthen com-
mercial and economic ties between the United States and 
Ecuador by— 
(1) promoting cooperation and information shar-
ing to encourage awareness of and increase trade and 
investment opportunities between the United States 
and Ecuador; 
(2) supporting efforts by the Government of Ec-
uador to promote a more open, transparent, and com-
petitive business environment, including by lowering 
trade barriers, implementing policies to reduce trad-
ing times, and improving efficiencies to expedite cus-
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toms operations for importers and exporters of all 
sizes, in all sectors, and at all ports of entry in Ecua-
dor; 
(3) establishing frameworks or mechanisms to re-
view the long term financial sustainability and secu-
rity implications of foreign investments in Ecuador 
in strategic sectors or services; 
(4) establishing competitive and transparent in-
frastructure project selection and procurement proc-
esses in Ecuador that promote transparency, open 
competition, financial sustainability, and robust ad-
herence to global standards and norms; 
(5) developing programs to help the Government 
of Ecuador improve efficiency and transparency in 
customs administration, including through support 
for the Government of Ecuador’s ongoing efforts to 
digitize its customs process and accept electronic doc-
uments required for the import, export, and transit of 
goods under specific international standards, as well 
as related training to expedite customs, security, effi-
ciency, and competitiveness; 
(6) spurring digital transformation that would 
advance— 
(A) the provision of digitized government 
services with the greatest potential to improve 
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transparency, lower business costs, and expand 
citizens’ access to public services and public in-
formation; and 
(B) best practices to mitigate the risks to 
digital infrastructure by doing business with 
communication networks and communications 
supply chains with equipment and services from 
companies with close ties to or susceptible to 
pressure from governments or security services 
without reliable legal checks on governmental 
powers; and 
(7) identifying, as appropriate, a role for the 
United States International Development Finance 
Corporation, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, and the United States private sector in sup-
porting efforts to increase private sector investment 
and strengthen economic prosperity. 
SEC. 5544. PROMOTING INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOP-
MENT. 
The Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of State and the heads of other relevant Federal de-
partments and agencies, as appropriate, shall develop and 
implement a strategy and related programs to support in-
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clusive economic development across Ecuador’s national ter-
ritory by— 
(1) facilitating increased access to public and 
private financing, equity investments, grants, and 
market analysis for small and medium-sized busi-
nesses; 
(2) providing technical assistance to local gov-
ernments to formulate and enact local development 
plans that invest in Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian 
communities; 
(3) connecting rural agricultural networks, in-
cluding Indigenous and Afro-Ecuadorian agricultural 
networks, to consumers in urban centers and export 
markets, including through infrastructure construc-
tion and maintenance programs that are subject to 
audits and carefully designed to minimize potential 
environmental harm; 
(4) partnering with local governments, the pri-
vate sector, and local civil society organizations, in-
cluding organizations representing marginalized com-
munities and faith-based organizations, to provide 
skills training and investment in support of initia-
tives that provide economically viable, legal alter-
natives to participating in illegal economies; and 
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(5) connecting small scale fishing enterprises to 
consumers and export markets, in order to reduce vul-
nerability to organized criminal networks. 
SEC. 5545. COMBATING ILLICIT ECONOMIES, CORRUPTION, 
AND NEGATIVE FOREIGN INFLUENCE. 
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, shall develop and implement a strat-
egy and related programs to increase the capacity of Ecua-
dor’s justice system and law enforcement authorities to com-
bat illicit economies, corruption, transnational criminal or-
ganizations, and the harmful influence of malign foreign 
and domestic actors by— 
(1) providing technical assistance and material 
support (including, as appropriate, radars, vessels, 
and communications equipment) to vetted specialized 
units of Ecuador’s national police and the armed 
services to disrupt, degrade, and dismantle organiza-
tions 
involved 
in 
illicit 
narcotics 
trafficking, 
transnational criminal activities, illicit mining, and 
illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing, among 
other illicit activities; 
(2) providing technical assistance to address 
challenges related to Ecuador’s penitentiary and cor-
rections system; 
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(3) strengthening the regulatory framework of 
mining through collaboration with key Ecuadorian 
institutions, such as the Interior Ministry’s Special 
Commission for the Control of Illegal Mining and the 
National Police’s Investigative Unit on Mining 
Crimes, and providing technical assistance in support 
of their law enforcement activities; 
(4) providing technical assistance to judges, 
prosecutors, and ombudsmen to increase capacity to 
enforce laws against human smuggling and traf-
ficking, illicit mining, illegal logging, illegal, unregu-
lated, and unreported (IUU) fishing, and other illicit 
economic activities; 
(5) providing support to the Government of Ec-
uador to prevent illegal, unreported, and unregulated 
fishing, including through expanding detection and 
response capabilities, and the use of dark vessel trac-
ing technology; 
(6) supporting multilateral efforts to stem illegal, 
unreported, and unregulated fishing with neighboring 
countries in South America and within the South Pa-
cific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation; 
(7) assisting the Government of Ecuador’s efforts 
to protect defenders of internationally recognized 
human rights, including through the work of the Of-
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fice of the Ombudsman of Ecuador, and by encour-
aging the inclusion of Indigenous and Afro-Ecua-
dorian communities and civil society organizations in 
this process; 
(8) supporting efforts to improve transparency, 
uphold accountability, and build capacity within the 
Office of the Comptroller General; 
(9) enhancing the institutional capacity and 
technical capabilities of defense and security institu-
tions of Ecuador to conduct national or regional secu-
rity missions, including through regular bilateral and 
multilateral cooperation, foreign military financing, 
international military education, and training pro-
grams, consistent with applicable Ecuadorian laws 
and regulations; 
(10) enhancing port management and maritime 
security partnerships to disrupt, degrade, and dis-
mantle transnational criminal networks and facili-
tate the legitimate flow of people, goods, and services; 
and 
(11) strengthening cybersecurity cooperation— 
(A) to effectively respond to cybersecurity 
threats, including state-sponsored threats; 
(B) to share best practices to combat such 
threats; 
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(C) to help develop and implement informa-
tion architectures that respect individual privacy 
rights and reduce the risk that data collected 
through such systems will be exploited by malign 
state and non-state actors; 
(D) 
to 
strengthen 
resilience 
against 
cyberattacks; and 
(E) to strengthen the resilience of critical 
infrastructure. 
SEC. 5546. STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE. 
(a) STRENGTHENING DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE.— 
The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International Devel-
opment, should develop and implement initiatives to 
strengthen democratic governance in Ecuador by sup-
porting— 
(1) measures to improve the capacity of national 
and subnational government institutions to govern 
through transparent, inclusive, and democratic proc-
esses; 
(2) efforts that measurably enhance the capacity 
of political actors and parties to strengthen demo-
cratic institutions and the rule of law; 
(3) initiatives to strengthen democratic govern-
ance, including combating political, administrative, 
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