128 
‘‘(4) CLIMATE
AND
EARTH
MODELING.—As 
part of the activities described in paragraph (1), the 
Director, in collaboration with the Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research program described in 
section 304 and other programs carried out by the 
Department, as applicable, and in consultation with 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion and other relevant agencies, shall carry out re-
search to develop, evaluate, and use high-resolution 
regional climate, global climate, Earth system, and 
other relevant models to inform decisions on reduc-
ing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting im-
pacts of a changing global climate. Such modeling 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) integrated capabilities for modeling 
multisectoral 
interactions, 
including 
socio-
economic factors as appropriate, which may in-
clude the impacts of climate policies on social 
and regional equity and well-being, and the 
interdependencies and risks at the energy- 
water-land nexus; 
‘‘(B) greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, 
energy supply and demand, and other critical 
elements; and
129 
‘‘(C) interaction among human and Earth 
systems informed by interdisciplinary research, 
including the economic and social sciences. 
‘‘(5) MID-SCALE FUNDING MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Any of the activities 
authorized in this subsection may be carried out 
by competitively selected mid-scale, multi-insti-
tutional research centers in lieu of individual re-
search grants, or large-scale experiments or 
user facilities. 
‘‘(B) 
CONSIDERATION.—The 
Biological 
and Environmental Research Advisory Com-
mittee shall provide recommendations to the Di-
rector on projects most suitable for the research 
centers described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(h) BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 
USER FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a program for the development, construction, op-
eration, and maintenance of user facilities to en-
hance the collection and analysis of observational 
data related to complex biological, climate, and envi-
ronmental systems. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY REQUIREMENTS.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the user facilities devel-
130 
oped, constructed, operated, or maintained under 
paragraph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) distributed field research and obser-
vation platforms for understanding earth sys-
tem processes; 
‘‘(B) analytical techniques, instruments, 
and modeling resources for understanding the 
physical, chemical, and cellular processes of bio-
logical and environmental systems; 
‘‘(C) integrated high-throughput sequenc-
ing, advanced bioanalytic techniques, DNA de-
sign and synthesis, metabolomics, and computa-
tional analysis; and 
‘‘(D) such other facilities as the Director 
considers appropriate, consistent with section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
‘‘(3) EXISTING
FACILITIES.—In carrying out 
the program established in paragraph (1), the Direc-
tor is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of ex-
isting user facilities and, to the maximum extent 
practicable, invest in modernization of those capa-
bilities to address emerging research priorities. 
‘‘(4) USER FACILITIES INTEGRATION AND COL-
LABORATION PROGRAM.—
131 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
support a program of collaboration between 
user facilities as defined under this subsection 
to encourage and enable researchers to more 
readily integrate the tools, expertise, resources, 
and capabilities of multiple Office of Science 
user facilities (as described in section 209(d) of 
the Department of Energy Organization Act 
(42 U.S.C. 7139)) to further research and ad-
vance emerging technologies. 
‘‘(B) ACTIVITIES.—The program shall ad-
vance the integration of automation, robotics, 
computational 
biology, 
bioinformatics, 
bio-
sensing, cellular platforms and other relevant 
emerging technologies as determined by the Di-
rector to enhance productivity and scientific im-
pact of user facilities. 
‘‘(5) EARTH
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEMS 
SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
activities authorized under paragraph (1), the 
Director shall establish and operate user facili-
ties to advance the collection, validation, and 
analysis of atmospheric data, including activi-
ties to advance knowledge and improve model
132 
representations and measure the impact of at-
mospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth 
and environmental systems. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall se-
lect user facilities under paragraph (1) on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director 
shall consider applications from the National 
Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
multi-institutional collaborations, and other ap-
propriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING FACILITIES.—To the max-
imum extent practicable, the Director shall uti-
lize existing facilities to carry out this sub-
section. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram authorized in paragraph (1), the Director shall 
ensure that the Office of Science— 
‘‘(A) consults and coordinates with the Na-
tional Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the 
Environmental Protection Agency, the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the De-
partment of Agriculture, the Department of the 
Interior, and any other relevant Federal agency 
on the collection, validation, and analysis of at-
mospheric data; and
133 
‘‘(B) coordinates with relevant stake-
holders, including institutes of higher education, 
nonprofit research institutions, industry, State, 
territorial, local, and tribal governments, and 
other appropriate entities to ensure access to 
the best available relevant atmospheric and his-
torical weather data. 
‘‘(i) COASTAL ZONE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out a research program, in consultation with the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to 
enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems. In 
carrying out this program, the Director shall 
prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of obser-
vational data, and shall develop models to analyze 
the ecological, biogeochemical, hydrological and 
physical processes that interact in coastal zones. 
‘‘(2) NATIONAL
SYSTEM
FOR
COASTAL
DATA 
COLLECTION.—The Director shall establish, in con-
sultation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and other relevant agencies, an inte-
grated system of geographically diverse field re-
search sites in order to improve the quantity and 
quality of observational data, and that encompass
134 
the major land water interfaces of the United 
States, including— 
‘‘(A) the Great Lakes region; 
‘‘(B) the Pacific coast; 
‘‘(C) the Atlantic coast; 
‘‘(D) the Arctic; and 
‘‘(E) the Gulf coast. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying 
out the programs and establishing the field research 
sites under paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary 
shall leverage existing research and development in-
frastructure supported by the Department, including 
the Department’s existing marine and coastal re-
search lab. 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—For the purposes of car-
rying out the programs and establishing the field re-
search sites under the Initiative, the Secretary may 
enter into agreements with Federal Departments 
and agencies with complementary capabilities. 
‘‘(5) REPORT.—Not less than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of the America COMPETES 
Act of 2022, the Director shall provide to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Nat-
135 
ural Resources and the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the Senate a report examining whether the 
system described in this section should be estab-
lished as a National User Facility. 
‘‘(j) TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.—The Director 
shall support a technology research program for the devel-
opment of instrumentation and other research tools re-
quired to meet the missions of the Department and to pro-
vide platform technologies for the broader scientific com-
munity. Technologies shall include but are not limited to— 
‘‘(1) cryo-electron microscopy; 
‘‘(2) fabricated ecosystems; 
‘‘(3) next generation sensors including quantum 
sensors for biological integration and bioproduction; 
‘‘(4) technologies to accelerate data analysis; 
and 
‘‘(5) plant and microbial phenotyping for gene 
discovery. 
‘‘(k) EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish within the Biological and Environmental Re-
search program an initiative focused on the develop-
ment of engineered ecosystems through the applica-
tion of artificial intelligence, novel sensing capabili-
ties, and other emerging technologies.
136 
‘‘(2) INTERAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Sec-
retary shall coordinate with the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation, the Administrator of the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and 
other relevant officials to avoid duplication of re-
search and observational activities and to ensure 
that activities carried out under this initiative are 
complimentary to those currently being undertaken 
by other agencies. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall pro-
vide a report to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House, and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, on the 
activity mandated in subsection (k). 
‘‘(l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $820,360,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $886,385,200 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $956,332,164 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,020,475,415 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,099,108,695 for fiscal year 2026.’’.
137 
SEC. 10104. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH 
PROGRAM. 
(a) 
ADVANCED
SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING
RE-
SEARCH.—Section 304 of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) 
as subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b), as so re-
designated, the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—As part of the activities author-
ized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Orga-
nization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry 
out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and 
private sector entities, a research, development, and dem-
onstration program to— 
‘‘(1) steward applied mathematics, computa-
tional science, and computer science research rel-
evant to the missions of the Department and the 
competitiveness of the United States; 
‘‘(2) develop modeling, simulation, and other 
computational tools relevant to other scientific dis-
ciplines and to the development of new energy tech-
nologies and other technologies; 
‘‘(3) advance computing and networking capa-
bilities for data-driven discovery; and
138 
‘‘(4) develop advanced scientific computing 
hardware and software tools for science and engi-
neering.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c) (as redesignated under 
paragraph (1))— 
(A) by striking ‘‘The Director’’ and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The Director’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—The Under Secretary for 
Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities 
of the Department, including activities under this 
section, to determine and meet the computational 
and networking research and facility needs of the 
Office of Science and all other relevant energy tech-
nology and energy efficiency programs within the 
Department and with other Federal agencies as ap-
propriate.’’; 
(4) by amending subsection (d), as so redesig-
nated, to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DE-
VELOPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS AND 
COMPUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry 
out activities to develop, test, and support—
139 
‘‘(A) mathematics, statistics, and algo-
rithms for modeling complex systems relevant 
to the missions of the Department, including on 
advanced computing architectures; and 
‘‘(B) tools, languages, programming envi-
ronments, and operations for high-end com-
puting systems (as defined in section 2 of the 
American Super Computing Leadership Act (15 
U.S.C. 5541). 
‘‘(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
maintain a balanced portfolio within the ad-
vanced scientific computing research and devel-
opment program established under section 976 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16316) that supports robust investment in— 
‘‘(i) applied mathematical, computa-
tional, and computer sciences research 
needs relevant to the mission of the De-
partment, including foundational areas 
that are critical to the advancement of en-
ergy sciences and technologies and new 
and emerging computing technologies; and 
‘‘(ii) 
associated 
high-performance 
computing hardware and facilities.
141 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab-
lish a program to develop and implement a strategy 
for achieving computing systems with capabilities be-
yond exascale computing systems. In establishing 
this program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain foundational research pro-
grams in mathematical, computational, and 
computer sciences focused on new and emerging 
computing needs within the mission of the De-
partment, including post-Moore’s law computing 
architectures, novel approaches to modeling and 
simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific 
machine learning, quantum computing, edge 
computing, extreme heterogeneity, and distrib-
uted high-performance computing; 
‘‘(B) retain best practices and maintain 
support for essential hardware, applications, 
and software elements of the Exascale Com-
puting Program that are necessary for sus-
taining the vitality of a long-term capable soft-
ware ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and 
‘‘(C) develop a Department-wide strategy 
for balancing on-premises and cloud-based com-
puting and scientific data management.
142 
‘‘(2) REPORT.—Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of the America COM-
PETES Act of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a re-
port on the development and implementation of the 
strategy outlined in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(f) ARCHITECTURAL
RESEARCH
IN
HETERO-
GENEOUS COMPUTING SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program of research and development in het-
erogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to 
expand understanding of the potential for hetero-
geneous and reconfigurable computing systems to 
deliver high performance, high efficiency computing 
for Department of Energy mission challenges. This 
shall include research and development that explores 
the convergence of big data analytics, simulations, 
and artificial intelligence to drive the design of het-
erogenous computing system architectures. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this pro-
gram, the Secretary shall ensure coordination be-
tween research activities undertaken by the Ad-
vanced Scientific Computing Research program and
143 
materials research supported by the Basic Energy 
Sciences program within the Department of Energy 
Office of Science. 
‘‘(g) ENERGY EFFICIENT COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port a program of fundamental research, develop-
ment, and demonstration of energy efficient com-
puting and data center technologies relevant to ad-
vanced computing applications, including high per-
formance computing, artificial intelligence, and sci-
entific machine learning. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 
‘‘(A) PROGRAM.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a partnership for Na-
tional Laboratories, industry partners, and 
institutions of higher education for co-
design of energy efficient hardware, tech-
nology, software, and applications across 
all applicable program offices of the De-
partment, and provide access to energy ef-
ficient computing resources to such part-
ners;
144 
‘‘(ii) develop hardware and software 
technologies that decrease the energy needs 
of advanced computing practices, including 
through data center co-design; 
‘‘(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
computing architectures in collaboration 
with the program established under sub-
section (f) including neuromorphic com-
puting, persistent computing, and ultrafast 
networking; and 
‘‘(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access 
for researchers from institutions of higher 
education, National Laboratories, industry, 
and other Federal agencies to the energy 
efficient computing technologies developed 
pursuant to clause (i). 
‘‘(B) SELECTION
OF
PARTNERS.—In se-
lecting participants for the partnership estab-
lished under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary 
shall select participants through a competitive, 
merit review process. 
‘‘(C) REPORT.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of the America 
COMPETES Act of 2022, the Secretary shall
145 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representa-
tives, and the Committee on Energy and Nat-
ural Resources of the Senate, a report on— 
‘‘(i) the activities conducted under 
subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the program under subparagraph 
(A) to ensure an integrated research pro-
gram across the Department. 
‘‘(h) ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user 
facility in order to meet the research needs of the 
Department for highly reliable data transport capa-
bilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale 
science. 
‘‘(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabili-
ties: 
‘‘(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
networking across the continental United States 
and the Atlantic Ocean. 
‘‘(B) To ensure network reliability.
146 
‘‘(C) To protect the network infrastructure 
from cyber-attacks. 
‘‘(D) To manage transport of exponentially 
increasing levels of data from the Department’s 
National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, 
experiments, and sensors. 
‘‘(E) To contribute to the integration of 
heterogeneous computing frameworks and sys-
tems. 
‘‘(i) COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE GRADUATE FELLOW-
SHIP.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall sup-
port the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship 
program in order to facilitate collaboration between 
graduate students and researchers at the National 
Laboratories, and contribute to the development of 
a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to 
help advance research in areas relevant to the mis-
sion of the Department. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Advanced Scientific Com-
puting Research Program, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out the 
activities under this section— 
‘‘(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
147 
‘‘(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) QUANTUM SCIENCE NETWORK.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amend-
ed— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 
any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary
148 
to enable the development and deployment of scal-
able and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 
(2) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NET-
WORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT
PROGRAM.—(A) Title IV of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure 
in order to— 
‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 
quantum computing systems through the internet 
and intranet; 
‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 
scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu-
nications technologies and strategies; and
149 
‘‘(4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the 
Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network 
User Facility. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science of the National 
Science and Technology Council established 
under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the 
Economic and Security Implications of Quan-
tum Science; 
‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with indus-
try, National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and other research institutions to facili-
tate new quantum infrastructure methods and tech-
nologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 
loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec-
150 
tions, and classical networking and cybersecu-
rity protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 
state sources and transmission, control, and 
measurement of quantum states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 
short range local connections between quantum 
processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 
signals between optical and telecommunications 
regimes and quantum computer-relevant do-
mains, including microwaves; 
‘‘(E) development of quantum memory 
buffers and small-scale quantum computers 
that are compatible with photon-based quantum 
bits in the optical or telecommunications wave-
lengths; 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 
at both the terrestrial and space-based level 
using quantum repeaters, allowing entangle-
ment-based protocols between small- and large 
scale quantum processors; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, re-
peaters, and related technologies necessary to
151 
create secure long-distance quantum commu-
nication; and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 
quantum technology stack into traditional com-
puting networks, including the development of 
remote controlled, high performance, and reli-
able implementations of key quantum network 
components by leveraging the expertise, infra-
structure and supplemental investments in the 
Energy Sciences Network User Facility; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic De-
velopment Consortium (QED–C) to transition com-
ponent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate 
the development of a quantum supply chain for 
quantum network technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci-
entific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and 
material science to enhance the understanding, pre-
diction, and manipulation of materials, processes, 
and physical phenomena relevant to quantum net-
work infrastructure; 
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
collaboration with the Department of Energy’s En-
ergy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to 
support cross-cutting fundamental research and de-
152 
velopment activities with diverse stakeholders from 
industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of 
higher education; and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
applications that span the Department of Energy’s 
missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex-
pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) 
the 
National 
Quantum 
Information 
Science Research Centers. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of the America COM-
PETES Act of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
153 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research 
plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs re-
lating to quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall 
review activities carried out under this section to deter-
mine the achievement of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 
‘‘SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EX-
PANSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (re-
ferred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish 
and carry out a program (to be known as the ‘Quantum 
User Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or 
‘QUEST program’) to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum 
computing clouds for research purposes to— 
‘‘(1) enhance the United States quantum re-
search enterprise;
156 
Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are in 
place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be ap-
propriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of 
Science, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out the activities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(f) EQUITABLE USE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COM-
PUTING CAPABILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that machine learning algorithms can ex-
hibit biases that cause harm to historically 
marginalized communities. 
‘‘(2) POLICY.—In leveraging high-performance 
computing systems for research purposes, including 
through the use of machine learning algorithms for 
data analysis, the Secretary shall ensure that such 
capabilities are employed in a manner that mitigates 
and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids 
harmful algorithmic bias and equitably addresses
157 
challenges impacting different populations, including 
historically marginalized communities.’’. 
(B) The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by in-
serting after the item relating to section 402 the fol-
lowing items: 
‘‘Sec. 403. Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and 
development program. 
‘‘Sec. 404. Department of energy quantum user expansion for science and tech-
nology program.’’. 
SEC. 10105. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH. 
(a) FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.—Section 307 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
U.S.C. 18645) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘As part of’’ and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of’’; 
(B) by redesignating— 
(i) paragraphs (1) and (2) as sub-
paragraphs (A) and (B), respectively (and 
by adjusting the margins of such subpara-
graphs accordingly); and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B) (as redesig-
nated by clause (i)), subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively
158 
(and by adjusting the margins of such 
clauses accordingly); and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under 
subsection (r), there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary to carry out activities de-
scribed in paragraph (1) $100,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)(3)— 
(A) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘and $40,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026.’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(r)’’; 
and 
(3) in subsection (e)(4)— 
(A) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘and $75,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026.’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(r)’’; 
(4) in subsection (i)(10)— 
(A) In the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(r)’’; 
(B) 
in 
subparagraph 
(C), 
strike 
‘‘$105,000,000’’ and insert ‘‘$150,000,000’’;
159 
(C) 
in 
subparagraph 
(D), 
strike 
‘‘65,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and’’ and in-
sert ‘‘$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;’’; 
(D) 
in 
subparagraph 
(E), 
strike 
‘‘$45,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’ and insert 
‘‘$250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and’’; and 
(E) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.’’; 
(5) in subsection (j)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘The Director’’ and all 
that follows through the period and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Within 180 days 
of enactment of the America COMPETES Act 
of 2022, the Director shall establish at least 2 
national teams, including public-private part-
nerships, that will develop conceptual pilot plant 
designs and technology roadmaps and lead to 
an engineering design of a pilot plant that will 
bring fusion to commercial viability. 
‘‘(B) COMPOSITION.—The national teams 
shall be composed of developers, manufacturers, 
universities, national laboratories, and engineer-
160 
ing, procurement, and construction industries.’’; 
and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
activities described in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(B) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(D) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.’’; 
(6) in subsection (l)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘sense of Congress that the 
United States should support’’ and inserting 
‘‘sense of Congress that—’’; 
‘‘(1) the United States should support’’; 
(B) in paragraph (1) (as so designated by 
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph), by strik-
ing the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) the Director shall incorporate the findings 
and recommendations of the report of the Fusion 
Energy 
Sciences 
Advisory 
Committee 
entitled
161 
‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’ and the 
report of the National Academies of Science, Engi-
neering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Bringing Fusion to 
the U.S. Grid’’ into the planning process of the De-
partment, including the development of future budg-
et requests to Congress.’’; 
(7) by redesignating subsection (o) as sub-
section (r); 
(8) by inserting after subsection (n) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(o) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTATION COLLABO-
RATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program to conduct and support collaborative 
research, development, and demonstration of fusion 
energy technologies, through high-performance com-
putation modeling and simulation techniques, in 
order to— 
‘‘(A) support fundamental research in plas-
mas and matter at very high temperatures and 
densities; 
‘‘(B) inform the development of a broad 
range of fusion energy systems; and 
‘‘(C) facilitate the translation of research 
results in fusion energy science to industry.
162 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall co-
ordinate with relevant Federal agencies, and 
prioritize the following objectives: 
‘‘(A) Using expertise from the private sec-
tor, institutions of higher education, and the 
National Laboratories to leverage existing, and 
develop new, computational software and capa-
bilities that prospective users may use to accel-
erate research and development of fusion energy 
systems. 
‘‘(B) Developing computational tools to 
simulate and predict fusion energy science phe-
nomena that may be validated through physical 
experimentation. 
‘‘(C) Increasing the utility of the research 
infrastructure of the Department by coordi-
nating with the Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research program within the Office of Science. 
‘‘(D) Leveraging experience from existing 
modeling and simulation entities sponsored by 
the Department. 
‘‘(E) Ensuring that new experimental and 
computational tools are accessible to relevant 
research communities, including private sector
163 
entities engaged in fusion energy technology de-
velopment. 
‘‘(F) Ensuring that newly developed com-
putational tools are compatible with modern vir-
tual engineering and visualization capabilities to 
accelerate the realization of fusion energy tech-
nologies and systems. 
‘‘(3) DUPLICATION.—The Secretary shall en-
sure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary du-
plication of, the activities of this program with the 
activities of— 
‘‘(A) other research entities of the Depart-
ment, including the National Laboratories, the 
Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy, 
the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
program; and 
‘‘(B) industry. 
‘‘(4) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR FU-
SION
INNOVATION
CENTER.—In carrying out the 
program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, 
in coordination with the Innovation Network for Fu-
sion Energy, establish and operate a national High- 
Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Cen-
ter (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Center’), 
to support the program under paragraph (1) by pro-
164 
viding, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity 
for multidisciplinary, collaborative, fusion energy re-
search and development through high performance 
computing and advanced data analytics technologies 
and processes. 
‘‘(5) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall select 
the Center under this subsection on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary shall consider 
applications from National Laboratories, institutions 
of higher education, multi-institutional collabora-
tions, and other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(6) EXISTING ACTIVITIES.—The Center may 
incorporate existing research activities that are con-
sistent with the program described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(7) DURATION.—The Center established under 
this subsection shall receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
‘‘(8) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any 
period of support of the Center, the Secretary may 
renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed 
basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(9) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist-
ing authorities of the Department, the Secretary
165 
may terminate the Center for cause during the per-
formance period. 
‘‘(p) MATERIAL PLASMA EXPOSURE EXPERIMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con-
struct a Material Plasma Exposure Experiment fa-
cility as described in the 2020 publication approved 
by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
titled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. 
The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, 
universities, National Laboratories, and relevant 
Federal agencies to ensure that this facility is capa-
ble of meeting Federal research needs for steady 
state, high-heat-flux and plasma-material interaction 
testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion en-
ergy relevant parameters. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary 
shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph 
(1) will provide the following capabilities: 
‘‘(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 
Tesla. 
‘‘(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 
MW/m2. 
‘‘(C) The ability to expose previously irra-
diated plasma facing material samples to plas-
ma.
166 
‘‘(3) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the facility 
under this section occurs before December 31, 2027. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are 
funds authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences to carry 
out to completion the construction of the facility 
under this section: 
‘‘(A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(q) MATTER
IN EXTREME CONDITIONS INSTRU-
MENT UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for the upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions 
endstation at the Linac Coherent Light Source as 
described in the 2020 publication approved by the 
Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee titled 
‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. The 
Secretary shall consult with the private sector, uni-
versities, National Laboratories, and relevant Fed-
eral agencies to ensure that this facility is capable
167 
of meeting Federal research needs for understanding 
physical and chemical changes to plasmas at funda-
mental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense 
material physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, 
and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions. 
‘‘(2) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the facility 
under this section occurs before December 31, 
2028.’’; and 
(9) in subsection (r), as so redesignated, by 
striking paragraphs (2) through (5) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(2) $1,002,900,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $1,190,707,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $1,364,368,490 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(5) $1,404,042,284 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(6) $1,398,097,244 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) ITER CONSTRUCTION.—Section 972 of the En-
ergy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312) is amended 
in subsection (c)(3)— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; and 
(2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting 
the following:
170 
vide access to the most advanced accelerator facili-
ties in the world to United States researchers.’’. 
(c) COSMIC FRONTIER RESEARCH.—Section 305(f) 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18645(f)), as redesignated by subsection (a), 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) COSMIC FRONTIER RESEARCH.—The Director 
shall carry out research activities on the nature of the pri-
mary contents of the universe, including the nature of 
dark energy and dark matter. These activities shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, be consistent with the re-
search priorities identified by the High Energy Physics 
Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and 
may include— 
‘‘(1) collaborations with the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration, the National 
Science Foundation, or international partners on rel-
evant projects; and 
‘‘(2) the development of space-based, land- 
based, water-based, and underground facilities and 
experiments.’’. 
(d) FURTHER ACTIVITIES.—Section 305 of the De-
partment of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 
U.S.C. 18645) is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
171 
‘‘(g) FACILITY CONSTRUCTION AND MAJOR ITEMS 
OF EQUIPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) PROJECTS.—Consistent with the Office of 
Science’s project management practices, the Director 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, incor-
porate the findings and recommendations of the 
2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel 
(P5) report titled ‘Building for Discovery’, and sup-
port construction or fabrication of— 
‘‘(A) an international Long-Baseline Neu-
trino Facility based in the United States; 
‘‘(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II; 
‘‘(C) Second Generation Dark Matter ex-
periments; 
‘‘(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and 
Time camera; 
‘‘(E) upgrades to detectors and other com-
ponents of the Large Hadron Collider; and 
‘‘(F) other high priority projects rec-
ommended in the most recent report of the Par-
ticle Physics Project Prioritization Panel of the 
High Energy Physics Advisory Panel. 
‘‘(2) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
support construction of a Long-Baseline Neu-
172 
trino Facility to facilitate the international 
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment to ex-
amine the fundamental properties of neutrinos, 
explore physics beyond the Standard Model, 
and better clarify the existence and nature of 
antimatter. 
‘‘(B) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure that the facility described in 
subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, 
the following capabilities: 
‘‘(i) A neutrino beam with wideband 
capability of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam 
power and upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam 
power. 
‘‘(ii) Three caverns excavated for a 70 
kiloton fiducial detector mass and sup-
porting surface buildings and utilities. 
‘‘(iii) Cryogenic systems to support 
neutrino detectors. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the facility under this subsection oc-
curs before December 31, 2031.
173 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (k), there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out construction of the facility 
under this subsection— 
‘‘(i) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 
2022; 
‘‘(ii) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026. 
‘‘(3) PROTON
IMPROVEMENT
PLAN–II
ACCEL-
ERATOR UPGRADE PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of En-
ergy shall support construction of the Proton 
Improvement Plan II, an upgrade to the 
Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 
2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
Panel (P5) report titled ‘Building for Dis-
covery’, to provide the world’s most intense 
beam of neutrinos to the international Long
174 
Baseline Neutrino Facility as well as abroad 
range of future high energy physics experi-
ments. The Secretary of Energy shall work with 
international partners to enable further signifi-
cant contributions to the capabilities of this 
project. 
‘‘(B) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure that the facility described in 
paragraph (1) will provide, at a minimum, the 
following capabilities: 
‘‘(i) 
A 
state-of-the-art 
800 
megaelectron volt (MeV) superconducting 
linear accelerator. 
‘‘(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 MW 
at the start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable 
to 2.4 MW of beam power. 
‘‘(iii) A flexible design to enable high 
power beam delivery to multiple users si-
multaneously and customized beams tai-
lored to specific scientific needs. 
‘‘(iv) Sustained high reliability oper-
ation of the Fermilab accelerator complex. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
175 
ations of the facility under this section occurs 
before December 31, 2028. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (k), there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out construction of the facility 
under this subsection— 
‘‘(i) $191,000,000 for fiscal year 
2022; 
‘‘(ii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026. 
‘‘(4) COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND STAGE 
4.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of En-
ergy, in partnership with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, shall support con-
struction of the Cosmic Microwave Background 
Stage 4 project to survey the cosmic microwave 
background to test theories of cosmic inflation
176 
as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled ‘Building 
for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle 
Physics in the Global Context.’. 
‘‘(B) 
CONSULTATION.—The 
Secretary 
shall consult with the private sector, univer-
sities, National Laboratories, and relevant Fed-
eral agencies to ensure that this experiment is 
capable of meeting Federal research needs in 
accessing the ultra-high energy physics of infla-
tion and important neutrino properties. 
‘‘(C) EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES.—The 
Secretary shall ensure to the maximum extent 
practicable that the facility described in sub-
section (a) will provide at minimum, 500,000 
superconducting detectors deployed on an array 
of mm wave telescopes with the required range 
in frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed 
which will provide sufficient capability to enable 
an order of magnitude advance in observations 
of the Cosmic Microwave Background, deliv-
ering transformative discoveries in fundamental 
physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. 
‘‘(D) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
177 
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the facility under this section occurs 
before December 31, 2030. 
‘‘(E) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (k), there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out construction of the facility 
under this subsection— 
‘‘(i) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(h) ACCELERATOR AND DETECTOR UPGRADES.— 
The Director shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detec-
tors, as necessary and appropriate, to increase beam 
power, sustain high reliability, and improve precision 
measurement to advance the highest priority particle phys-
ics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, 
the Director shall continue to work with international 
partners, when appropriate and in the United States’ in-
terest, to leverage investments and expertise in critical
178 
technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and de-
tector facilities in the United States. 
‘‘(i) ACCELERATOR AND DETECTOR RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.—As part of the program described in 
subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research and 
development in particle beam physics, accelerator science 
and technology, and particle and radiation detection with 
relevance to the specific needs of the High Energy Physics 
program, in coordination with the Accelerator Research 
and Development program authorized in section 310. 
‘‘(j) UNDERGROUND SCIENCE.—The Director shall— 
‘‘(1) support an underground science program 
consistent with the missions of the Department and 
the scientific needs of the High Energy Physics pro-
gram, including those articulated in the most recent 
report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization 
Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 
that leverages the capabilities of relevant under-
ground science and engineering facilities; and 
‘‘(2) carry out a competitive grant program to 
award scientists and engineers at institutions of 
higher education, nonprofit institutions, and Na-
tional Laboratories to conduct research in under-
ground science and engineering.
179 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $1,355,690,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $1,517,628,300 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $1,652,112,281 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,711,460,141 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,656,012,351 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
SEC. 10107. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Section 308 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18646) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-
section (d); and 
(2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out 
a research program, and support relevant facilities, to dis-
cover and understand various forms of nuclear matter. 
‘‘(b) USER FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
support construction of a Facility for Rare Iso-
180 
tope Beams to advance the understanding of 
rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the 
cosmos. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (c), there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out construction of the facility 
under this subsection $2,000,000 for fiscal year 
2022. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the facility under this section occurs 
before March 1, 2022. 
‘‘(2) ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
support construction of an Electron Ion Collider 
as described in the 2015 Long Range Plan of 
the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and 
the report from the National Academies of 
Science, Engineering, and Medicine titled ‘An 
Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider 
Science’, in order to measure the internal struc-
ture of the proton and the nucleus and answer
181 
fundamental questions about the nature of visi-
ble matter. 
‘‘(B) FACILITY
CAPABILITY.—The Sec-
retary shall ensure that the facility meets the 
requirements in the 2015 Long Range Plan, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(i) at least 70 percent polarized 
beams of electrons and light ions; 
‘‘(ii) ion beams from deuterium to the 
heaviest stable nuclei; 
‘‘(iii) variable center of mass energy 
from 20 to 140 GeV; 
‘‘(iv) high collision luminosity of 
1033–34cm-2s-1; and 
‘‘(v) the possibility of more than one 
interaction region. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full oper-
ations of the facility under this section occurs 
before December 31, 2030. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under subsection (c), there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
182 
retary to carry out construction of the facility 
under this subsection— 
‘‘(i) $101,000,000 for fiscal year 
2022; 
‘‘(ii) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 
2023; 
‘‘(iii) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; and 
‘‘(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 
2026. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $879,390,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $1,025,097,300 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,129,354,111 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,192,408,899 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
SEC. 10108. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after 
section 309 the following:
183 
‘‘SEC. 310. ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized 
under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out 
a research program to— 
‘‘(1) advance accelerator science and technology 
relevant to the Department, other Federal agencies, 
and U.S. industry; 
‘‘(2) foster partnerships to develop, dem-
onstrate, and enable the commercial application of 
accelerator technologies; 
‘‘(3) support the development of a skilled, di-
verse, and inclusive accelerator workforce; and 
‘‘(4) provide access to accelerator design and 
engineering resources. 
‘‘(b) ACCELERATOR RESEARCH.—In carrying out the 
program authorized under subsection (a), the Director 
shall support— 
‘‘(1) research activities in cross-cutting accel-
erator 
technologies 
including 
superconducting 
magnets and accelerators, beam physics, data ana-
lytics-based accelerator controls, simulation software, 
new particle sources, advanced laser technology, and 
transformative research; and 
‘‘(2) optimal operation of the Accelerator Test 
Facility.
184 
‘‘(c) ACCELERATOR DEVELOPMENT.—In carrying out 
the program authorized under subsection (a), the Director 
shall support partnerships to foster the development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of accelerator tech-
nologies including, advanced superconducting wire and 
cable, superconducting RF cavities, and high efficiency ra-
diofrequency power sources for accelerators. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS.—In developing 
accelerator technologies under the program authorized in 
subsection (a), the Director shall— 
‘‘(1) consider the requirements necessary to 
support translational research and development for 
medical, industrial, security, and defense applica-
tions; and 
‘‘(2) leverage investments in accelerator tech-
nologies and fundamental research in particle phys-
ics by partnering with institutes of higher education, 
industry, and other Federal agencies to enable the 
commercial application of advanced accelerator tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $25,680,000 for fiscal year 2023;
185 
‘‘(3) $27,477,600 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $29,401,032 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $31,459,104 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
SEC. 10109. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION 
FOR RESEARCH APPLICATIONS. 
The Department of Energy Research and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is amended by adding after 
section 310 as added by this title, the following: 
‘‘SEC. 311. ISOTOPE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION FOR 
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director— 
‘‘(1) shall carry out a program in coordination 
with other relevant programs across the Department 
for the production of isotopes, including the develop-
ment of techniques to produce isotopes, that the Sec-
retary determines are needed for research, medical, 
industrial, or related purposes, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable, in accordance with the 2015 Nu-
clear Science Advisory Committee ‘Meeting Isotope 
Needs and Capturing Opportunities For The Fu-
ture’ report; and 
‘‘(2) shall ensure that isotope production activi-
ties carried out under the program under this para-
graph do not compete with private industry unless 
the Director determines that critical national inter-
186 
ests require the involvement of the Federal Govern-
ment. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the pro-
gram under this section— 
‘‘(1) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $96,300,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $103,041,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $110,253,870 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $117,971,641 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
SEC. 10110. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE 
PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Section 309 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) APPROACH.—In carrying out this section, the 
Director shall utilize all available approaches and mecha-
nisms, including capital line items, minor construction 
projects, energy savings performance contracts, and utility 
energy service contracts, alternative financing and expense 
funding, as appropriate. 
‘‘(d) ALTERNATIVE FINANCING OF RESEARCH FA-
CILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Consistent with section 
161(g) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42
187 
U.S.C. 2201(g)), the Management and Operating 
contractors of the Department may enter into the 
lease-purchase of research facilities and infrastruc-
ture under the scope of their contract with the De-
partment with the approval of the Secretary or their 
designee. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATIONS.—To carry out lease-pur-
chases approved by the Secretary under subsection 
(a), the Department shall only be required to have 
budget authority in an amount sufficient to cover 
the minimum required lease payments through the 
period required to exercise a termination provision in 
the lease agreement, plus any associated lease termi-
nation penalties, regardless of whether such leased 
facility and infrastructure is on or off Government 
land, and if— 
‘‘(A) the Department has established a 
mission need for the facility or infrastructure to 
be leased; 
‘‘(B) the facility or infrastructure is gen-
eral purpose, including offices, laboratories, 
cafeterias, utilities, and data centers; 
‘‘(C) the Department is not a party to and 
has no financial obligations under the lease-pur-
chase transaction entered into by the Manage-
188 
ment and Operating contractor, other than al-
lowability of the lease cost and conveyance of 
Government land, if needed; 
‘‘(D) the lease-purchase has an advance 
notice termination provision with reasonable 
pre-defined penalties that the Management and 
Operating contractor may exercise, at the direc-
tion of the Department, if funding for the lease 
is no longer available or the mission need ceases 
to exist; 
‘‘(E) there is an option for a no cost trans-
fer of ownership to the Government once the 
underlying financing is retired, but neither the 
Management and Operating contractor nor the 
Department are obligated to purchase the facil-
ity or infrastructure at any time during or after 
the lease term; 
‘‘(F) the lease-purchase transaction, as-
suming exercise of the ownership option, is 
demonstrated to be the lowest lifecycle cost al-
ternative for the Government; and 
‘‘(G) the cumulative annual base rent for 
all lease-purchases of facilities and infrastruc-
ture, inclusive of any transactions under consid-
eration, does not exceed 2 percent of the Man-
189 
agement and Operating contract operating 
budget for the year the commitment is made for 
the lease. 
‘‘(3) REPORTING.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of the America COM-
PETES Act of 2022, and biennially thereafter, the 
Department shall submit to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee 
on Appropriations of the House of Representatives, 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
Senate, a report on the lease-purchase transactions 
that the Management and Operating contractors of 
the Department entered into under subsection (a) 
that includes— 
‘‘(A) a list of the lease-purchase trans-
actions entered into by each Management and 
Operating contractor and their respective costs; 
‘‘(B) the annual percentage of each Man-
agement and Operating contract operating 
budget that is used for lease-purchase trans-
actions for the year the commitments were 
made; and 
‘‘(C) any other information the Secretary 
determines to be appropriate.
190 
‘‘(4) AUTHORIZATION PERIOD.—The lease-pur-
chases authorized under paragraph (1) may be en-
tered into only during fiscal years 2022 through 
2026. 
‘‘(e) MID-SCALE INSTRUMENTATION PROGRAM.— 
The Director, in coordination with each of the programs 
carried out by the Office of Science, shall establish a mid- 
scale instrumentation program to enable the development 
and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments rang-
ing in cost from $1 million to $20 million each that would 
significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user fa-
cilities. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section $500,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’. 
SEC. 10111. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is 
amended by adding after section 311, as added by this 
title, the following:
191 
‘‘SEC. 312. INCREASED COLLABORATION WITH TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
‘‘The Director shall support the development of a sci-
entific workforce through programs that facilitate collabo-
ration between K–12, university students, early-career re-
searchers, faculty, and the National Laboratories, includ-
ing through the use of proven techniques to expand the 
number of individuals from underrepresented groups pur-
suing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate 
degrees relevant to the Office’s mission.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
3169 of the Department of Energy Science Education En-
hancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381e) is amended— 
(1) by striking, ‘‘programs’’, and inserting 
‘‘programs, including the NSF INCLUDES Na-
tional Network,’’; and 
(2) by striking, ‘‘year 1991’’, and inserting 
‘‘years 2022 through 2026’’. 
(c) BROADENING PARTICIPATION
IN WORKFORCE 
DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHERS AND SCIENTISTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy 
Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 
7381 et seq.) is amended by inserting the following 
sections after section 3167 (42 U.S.C. 7381c–1):
192 
‘‘SEC. 3167A. BROADENING PARTICIPATION FOR TEACHERS 
AND SCIENTISTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall expand op-
portunities to increase the number and the diversity, eq-
uity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, en-
gineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals work-
ing in Department of Energy mission-relevant disciplines 
and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, in-
cluding expanded partnerships with Historically Black 
Colleges, Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, 
emerging research institutions, institutions in rural and 
remote areas, and scientific societies. 
‘‘(b) PLAN.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the America COMPETES Act of 2022, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and 
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate and make available to the public a plan for 
broadening participation of underrepresented groups in 
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in pro-
grams supported by the Department programs, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(1) a plan for supporting and leveraging the 
National Science Foundation INCLUDES National 
Network;
193 
‘‘(2) metrics for assessing the participation of 
underrepresented groups in Department programs; 
‘‘(3) experienced and potential barriers to 
broadening participation of underrepresented groups 
in Department programs, including recommended 
solutions; and 
‘‘(4) any other activities the Secretary finds ap-
propriate. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated in section 3169 
(42 U.S.C. 7381e), at least $2,000,000 are authorized to 
be appropriated each fiscal year for the activities described 
under this subsection. 
‘‘SEC. 3167B. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE 
THE DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION OF 
HIGHLY SKILLED SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, 
ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) 
PROFESSIONALS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall expand op-
portunities to increase the number and the diversity, eq-
uity, and inclusion of highly skilled science, technology, en-
gineering, and mathematics (STEM) professionals work-
ing in Department of Energy mission-relevant disciplines 
and broaden the recruitment pool to increase diversity, in-
cluding expanded partnerships with Historically Black
194 
Colleges, Tribal Colleges, Minority Serving Institutions, 
emerging research institutions, and scientific societies. 
‘‘(b) PLAN AND OUTREACH STRATEGY.— 
‘‘(1) PLAN.—Not later than 6 months after the 
date of enactment of the America COMPETES Act 
of 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 10-year 
educational plan to fund and expand new or existing 
programs administered by the Office of Science and 
sited at the National Laboratories and Department 
of Energy user facilities to expand educational and 
workforce opportunities for underrepresented high 
school, undergraduate, and graduate students as 
well as recent graduates, teachers and faculty in 
STEM fields. This may include paid internships, fel-
lowships, temporary employment, training programs, 
visiting student and faculty programs, sabbaticals, 
and research support. 
‘‘(2) OUTREACH
CAPACITY.—The Secretary 
shall include in the plan under paragraph (1) an 
outreach strategy to improve the advertising, recruit-
ment, and promotion of educational and workforce 
programs to community colleges, Historically Black
195 
Colleges and Universities, Tribal Colleges, Minority 
Serving Institutions, and emerging research institu-
tions. 
‘‘(c) BUILDING RESEARCH CAPACITY.—The Sec-
retary shall develop programs that strengthen the research 
capacity relevant to Office of Science disciplines at emerg-
ing research institutions, including minority-serving insti-
tutions, tribal colleges and universities, Historically Black 
Colleges and Universities, and colleges and universities. 
This may include enabling mutually beneficial and jointly 
managed partnerships between research-intensive institu-
tions and emerging research institutions, and soliciting re-
search proposals, fellowships, training programs, and re-
search support directly from emerging research institu-
tions. 
‘‘(d) TRAINEESHIPS.—The Secretary shall establish 
a university-led Traineeship Program to address workforce 
training needs in STEM fields relevant to the Depart-
ment. The focus should be on supporting training and re-
search experiences for underrepresented undergraduate 
and graduate students and increasing participation from 
underrepresented populations. The traineeships should in-
clude opportunities to build the next-generation workforce 
in research areas critical to maintaining core competencies 
across the Office of Science’s programs.
196 
‘‘(e) EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall establish key 
performance indicators to measure and monitor progress 
of education and workforce programs and expand Depart-
mental activities for data collection and analysis. The Sec-
retary shall submit a report 2 years after the date of en-
actment of the America COMPETES Act of 2022, and 
every 2 years thereafter, to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate summarizing progress toward meeting key per-
formance indicators. 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘minority-serving institution’ includes the enti-
ties described in any of paragraphs (1) through (7) 
of section 371(a) of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
‘‘(2) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNI-
VERSITIES.—The term ‘Historically Black Colleges 
and Universities’ has the meaning given in ‘part B 
institution’ in section 322 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
‘‘(3) STEM.—The term ‘STEM’ means the 
field or disciplines listed in section 2 of the STEM 
Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note).
197 
‘‘(4) TRIBAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.— 
The term ‘Tribal College or University’ has the 
meaning given in section 316 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents in section 2(b) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 3167 the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 3167A. Broadening participation for teachers and scientists. 
‘‘Sec. 3167B. Expanding opportunities to increase the diversity, equity, and in-
clusion of highly skilled science, technology, engineering, and 
mathematics (STEM) professionals.’’. 
SEC. 10112. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE; 
OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS 
DISEASE COMPUTING RESEARCH INITIATIVE; 
HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM; AUTHOR-
IZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18601 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 313. HIGH INTENSITY LASER RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish a 
high intensity laser research initiative consistent with the 
recommendations of the National Academies report, ‘Op-
portunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the 
Brightest Light’, and the report from the Brightest Light
198 
Initiative workshop on ‘The Future of Intense Ultrafast 
Lasers in the U.S.’. This initiative should include research 
and development of petawatt-scale and of high average 
power laser technologies necessary for future facility needs 
in discovery science and to advance energy technologies, 
as well as support for a user network of academic and 
national laboratory high intensity laser facilities. 
‘‘(b) LEVERAGE.—The Director shall leverage new 
laser technologies for more compact, less complex, and 
low-cost accelerator systems needed for science applica-
tions. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—The Director shall coordinate 
this initiative among all relevant programs within the Of-
fice of Science, and the Under Secretary for Science shall 
coordinate this initiative with other relevant programs 
within the Department as well as within other Federal 
agencies. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of 
Science there are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the activities described in this sec-
tion— 
‘‘(1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
199 
‘‘(4) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘SEC. 314. HELIUM CONSERVATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 
program to reduce the consumption of helium for Depart-
ment grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium 
recycling and reuse. The program shall competitively 
award grants for— 
‘‘(1) the purchase of equipment to capture, 
reuse, and recycle helium; 
‘‘(2) the installation, maintenance, and repair 
of new and existing helium capture, reuse, and recy-
cling equipment; and 
‘‘(3) helium alternatives research and develop-
ment activities. 
‘‘(b) REPORT.—In carrying out the program under 
this section, the Director shall submit to the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Represent-
atives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate a report, not later than two years 
after the date of enactment of the America COMPETES 
Act of 2022, and every 3 years thereafter, on the purchase 
of helium as part of research projects and facilities sup-
ported by the Department. The report shall include—
200 
‘‘(1) the quantity of helium purchased for 
projects and facilities supported by Department 
grants; 
‘‘(2) a cost-analysis for such helium; 
‘‘(3) the predominant production sources for 
such helium; 
‘‘(4) expected or experienced impacts of helium 
supply shortages or prices on the research projects 
and facilities supported by the Department; and 
‘‘(5) recommendations for reducing Department 
grant recipients’ exposure to volatile helium prices. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program 
under this section, the Director shall coordinate with the 
National Science Foundation and other relevant Federal 
agencies on helium conservation activities. 
‘‘(d) DURATION.—The program established under 
this section shall receive support for a period of not more 
than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(e) RENEWAL.—Upon expiration of any period of 
support of the program under this section, the Director 
may renew support for the program for a period of not 
more than 5 years.
201 
‘‘SEC. 315. OFFICE OF SCIENCE EMERGING INFECTIOUS 
DISEASE COMPUTING RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with the Director of the National Science Foundation, the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Admin-
istrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration, shall establish within the Office of Science, a 
cross-cutting research initiative to leverage the Federal 
Government’s innovative analytical resources and tools, 
user facilities, and advanced computational and net-
working capabilities in order to prevent, prepare for, and 
respond to emerging infectious diseases, including 
COVID–19. The Secretary shall carry out this initiative 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and con-
sider applications from National Laboratories, institutions 
of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, in-
dustry partners and other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(b) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the initiative es-
tablished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordi-
nate with programs across the Office of Science and with 
relevant Federal agencies to determine a comprehensive 
set of technical milestones for these research activities and 
prioritize the following objectives— 
‘‘(1) supporting fundamental research and de-
velopment in advanced analytics, experimental stud-
ies, materials synthesis, high-performance computing
202 
technologies needed to characterize, model, simulate, 
and predict complex phenomena and biological mate-
rials related to emerging infectious diseases, includ-
ing COVID–19 challenges, including a focus on test-
ing and diagnostics, experimental data acquisition, 
sharing and management, advanced manufacturing, 
and molecular design and modeling; 
‘‘(2) using expertise from the private sector, in-
stitutions of higher education, and the National 
Laboratories to develop computational software and 
capabilities that prospective users may accelerate 
emerging infectious diseases research and develop-
ment; 
‘‘(3) leveraging the research infrastructure of 
the Department, including scientific computing user 
facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron scattering fa-
cilities, nanoscale science research centers, and se-
quencing and bio-characterization facilities by co-
ordinating with the Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and Biological and 
Environmental Research programs within the Office 
of Science; 
‘‘(4) leveraging experience from existing mod-
eling and simulation research and work sponsored by 
the Department and promoting collaboration and
203 
data sharing between National Laboratories, re-
search entities, and user facilities of the Department 
by providing the necessary access and secure data 
transfer capabilities; and 
‘‘(5) ensuring that new experimental and com-
putational tools are accessible to relevant research 
communities, including private sector entities to ad-
dress 
emerging 
infectious 
diseases, 
including 
COVID–19 challenges. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this initiative, 
the Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, coordination of these activities with the Depart-
ment of Energy National Laboratories, institutions of 
higher education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(d) EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES HIGH PER-
FORMANCE COMPUTING RESEARCH CONSORTIUM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary in coordina-
tion with the Director of the National Science Foun-
dation, the Secretary of Health and Human Serv-
ices, and the Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall establish and operate an 
Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance 
Computing Research Consortium (referred to in this 
section as the ‘Consortium’), to support the initiative 
under subsection (a) by providing, to the extent
204 
practicable, a centralized entity for multidisciplinary, 
collaborative, emerging infectious disease research 
and development through high performance com-
puting and advanced data analytics technologies and 
processes. 
‘‘(2) MEMBERSHIP.—The members of such con-
sortium may include representatives from relevant 
Federal agencies, the private sector, institutions of 
higher education, which can each contribute relevant 
compute time, capabilities, or other resources. 
‘‘(3) ACTIVITIES.—The Consortium shall— 
‘‘(A) match applicants with available Fed-
eral and private sector computing resources; 
‘‘(B) consider supplemental awards for 
computing partnerships with Consortium mem-
bers to qualifying entities on a competitive 
merit-review basis; 
‘‘(C) encourage collaboration and commu-
nication among member representatives of the 
consortium and awardees; 
‘‘(D) make available the high-performance 
computing capabilities, expertise, and user fa-
cilities of the Department and the National 
Laboratories; and
205 
‘‘(E) submit an annual report to the Sec-
retary summarizing the activities of the Consor-
tium, including— 
‘‘(i) describing each project under-
taken by the Consortium; 
‘‘(ii) detailing organizational expendi-
tures; and 
‘‘(iii) evaluating contribution to the 
achievement of technical milestones as de-
termined in subsection (a). 
‘‘(4) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall en-
sure the coordination of, and avoid unnecessary du-
plication of, the activities of the Consortium with the 
activities of other research entities of the Depart-
ment, institutions of higher education and the pri-
vate sector. 
‘‘(e) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of the America COMPETES Act of 2022, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, 
the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House 
of Representatives, the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate, and the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report 
detailing the effectiveness of—
206 
‘‘(1) the interagency coordination between each 
Federal agency involved in the research initiative 
carried out under this section; 
‘‘(2) the collaborative research achievements of 
the initiative, including the achievement of the tech-
nical milestones determined under subsection (a); 
and 
‘‘(3) potential opportunities to expand the tech-
nical capabilities of the Department. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized to be 
appropriated for the Department’s Office of Science, there 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities under this subsection, $50,000,000 for 
fiscal years 2022 and 2023. 
‘‘(g) PROHIBITION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this Act, 
the Secretary may not carry out gain-of-function re-
search of concern. 
‘‘(2) 
GAIN-OF-FUNCTION
RESEARCH
DE-
FINED.—For the purposes of this subsection, ‘gain- 
of-function research of concern’ means research ac-
tivities with the potential to generate pathogens with 
high transmissibility and high virulence in humans.
207 
‘‘SEC. 316. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the activities described in this title— 
‘‘(1) $8,801,915,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $9,546,015,300 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $10,395,677,621 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $10,948,625,004 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $11,300,798,345 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—Section 1(b) of the De-
partment of Energy Research and Innovation Act is 
amended in the table of contents by inserting after the 
item relating to section 309 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 310. Accelerator research and development. 
‘‘Sec. 311. Isotope Development and Production for Research Applications. 
‘‘Sec. 312. Increased collaboration with teachers and scientists. 
‘‘Sec. 313. High intensity laser research initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 314. Helium conservation program. 
‘‘Sec. 315. Office of Science Emerging Infectious Disease Computing Research 
Initiative. 
‘‘Sec. 316. Authorization of appropriations.’’. 
SEC. 10113. STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES PROHIBITION. 
(a) INNOVATE IN AMERICA.—In carrying out this 
title or the amendments made by this title, the Secretary 
may not award a contract, subcontract, grant, or loan to 
an entity that— 
(1) is owned or controlled by, is a subsidiary of, 
or is otherwise related legally or financially to a cor-
poration based in a country that— 
(A) is identified as a nonmarket economy 
country (as defined in section 771(18) of the
208 
Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1677(18))) as of 
the date of enactment of this Act; 
(B) was identified by the United States 
Trade Representative in the most recent report 
required by section 182 of the Trade Act of 
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2242) as a priority foreign 
country under subsection (a)(2) of that section; 
and 
(C) is subject to monitoring by the Trade 
Representative under section 306 of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416); or 
(2) is listed pursuant to section 9(b)(3) of the 
Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 (Public 
Law 116–145). 
(b) EXCEPTION.—For purposes of subsection (a), the 
Secretary may issue a waiver, to be made publicly avail-
able, to an entity in which the legal or financial connection 
to a corporation is a minority relationship or investment. 
(c) INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS.—This section 
shall be applied in a manner consistent with the obliga-
tions of the United States under international agreements. 
SEC. 10114. DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS. 
The budgetary effects of this title, for the purpose 
of complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 
2010, shall be determined by reference to the latest state-
209 
ment titled ‘‘Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation’’ 
for this title, submitted for printing in the Congressional 
Record by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, 
provided that such statement has been submitted prior to 
the vote on passage. 
SEC. 10115. NATIONAL VIRTUAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORA-
TORY. 
The Office of Science may allocate any funds author-
ized under this title to the National Virtual Biotechnology 
Laboratory so long as such allocation is in conformity with 
the purpose and any other requirements of such authoriza-
tion. 
SEC. 10116. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall 
support research to advance adoption of integrated rooftop 
solar, distributed solar, and microgrid technologies. 
(b) FUNDING.—There is authorized to be appro-
priated to carry out this section $50,000,000. 
TITLE II—NATIONAL INSTITUTE 
OF STANDARDS AND TECH-
NOLOGY FOR THE FUTURE 
ACT OF 2021 
SEC. 10201. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title:
210 
(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology. 
(2) FRAMEWORK.—The term ‘‘Framework’’ 
means the Framework for Improving Critical Infra-
structure Cybersecurity developed by the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and referred 
to in Executive Order No. 13800 issued on May 11, 
2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 22391 et seq.). 
(3) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNI-
VERSITIES.—The term ‘‘historically Black colleges 
and universities’’ has the same meaning given to the 
term ‘‘part B institutions’’ in section 322 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
(4) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Institute’’ means 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 
meaning given such term in section 101 of the High-
er Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
(6) INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS
ORGANIZA-
TION.—The term ‘‘International Standards Organi-
zation’’ has the meaning given such term in section 
451 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 
U.S.C. 2571).
211 
(7) MINORITY
SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘‘minority-serving institution’ ’’ means a His-
panic-serving institution, an Alaska Native-serving 
institution, a Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, a 
Predominantly Black Institution, an Asian American 
and Native American Pacific Islander-serving insti-
tution, or a Native American-serving nontribal insti-
tution as described in section 371 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
(8) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Commerce. 
(9) TECHNICAL STANDARDS.—The term ‘‘tech-
nical standard’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 12(d)(5) of the National Technology Trans-
fer and Advancement Act of 1995. 
Subtitle A—Appropriations 
SEC. 10211. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) FISCAL YEAR 2022.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,409,070,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2022. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized by paragraph (1)—
212 
(A) $915,570,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for scientific and technical research 
and services laboratory activities, of which 
$9,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Working Capital Fund; 
(B) $22,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Director for the purpose of inves-
tigating the building collapse that occurred in 
Surfside, Florida on June 24, 2021, to under-
stand the source of failure, to provide rec-
ommendations for how to rectify any short-
comings in existing building standards in order 
to prevent future similar disasters, and to in-
form future building codes for similar struc-
tures, in coordination with State and local of-
fices and other Federal agencies as appropriate, 
consistent with the Institute’s responsibilities 
under the National Construction Safety Team 
Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–231); 
(C) $140,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the construction and mainte-
nance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is au-
thorized to be appropriated for Safety, Capac-
ity, Maintenance, and Major Repairs; and
213 
(D) $331,500,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for industrial technology services ac-
tivities, of which $275,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Exten-
sion Partnership program under sections 25 
and 26 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278l) 
and $56,500,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Network for Manufacturing In-
novation Program under section 34 of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2023.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,518,800,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2023. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $979,100,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for scientific and technical research 
and services laboratory activities, of which 
$10,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Working Capital Fund;
214 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the construction and mainte-
nance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is au-
thorized to be appropriated for Safety, Capac-
ity, Maintenance, and Major Repairs, including 
$20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and 
(C) $339,800,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for industrial technology services ac-
tivities, of which $283,300,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Exten-
sion Partnership program under sections 25 
and 26 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278l) 
and $56,500,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Network for Manufacturing In-
novation Program under section 34 of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(c) FISCAL YEAR 2024.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,595,800,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2024. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized by paragraph (1)—
215 
(A) $1,047,600,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for scientific and technical research 
and services laboratory activities, of which 
$12,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Working Capital Fund; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the construction and mainte-
nance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is au-
thorized to be appropriated for Safety, Capac-
ity, Maintenance, and Major Repairs, including 
$20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and 
(C) $348,200,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for industrial technology services ac-
tivities, of which $291,700,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Exten-
sion Partnership program under sections 25 
and 26 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278l) 
and $56,500,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Network for Manufacturing In-
novation Program under section 34 of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(d) FISCAL YEAR 2025.—
216 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,677,900,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2025. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,120,900,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for scientific and technical research 
and services laboratory activities, of which 
$15,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Working Capital Fund; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the construction and mainte-
nance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is au-
thorized to be appropriated for Safety, Capac-
ity, Maintenance, and Major Repairs, including 
$20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and 
(C) $357,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for industrial technology services ac-
tivities, of which $300,500,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Exten-
sion Partnership program under sections 25 
and 26 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278l) 
and $56,500,000 is authorized to be appro-
217 
priated for the Network for Manufacturing In-
novation Program under section 34 of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(e) FISCAL YEAR 2026.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Commerce 
$1,765,400,000 for the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology for fiscal year 2026. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized by paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,199,400,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for scientific and technical research 
and services laboratory activities, of which 
$18,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Working Capital Fund; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the construction and mainte-
nance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is au-
thorized to be appropriated for Safety, Capac-
ity, Maintenance, and Major Repairs, including 
$20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; and 
(C) $366,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for industrial technology services ac-
tivities, of which $309,500,000 is authorized to
218 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Exten-
sion Partnership program under sections 25 
and 26 of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 23 
278l) and $56,500,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for the Network for Manufacturing 
Innovation Program under section 34 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
Subtitle B—Measurement Research 
SEC. 10221. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY AND BIOMETROLOGY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall— 
(1) support basic measurement science, tech-
nology research for engineering biology, biomanufac-
turing, and biometrology to advance— 
(A) measurement technologies to support 
foundational understanding of the mechanisms 
of conversion of DNA information into cellular 
function, including both the natural and engi-
neered production of biomolecules; 
(B) technologies for measurement of such 
biomolecular components and for complex engi-
neered biological systems;
219 
(C) new data tools, techniques, and proc-
esses to improve engineering biology, biomanu-
facturing, and biometrology research; and 
(D) all other areas deemed by the Director 
to be critical to the development and deploy-
ment of engineering biology, biomanufacturing 
and biometrology; 
(2) support activities to inform and expand the 
development of measurements infrastructure needed 
to develop technical standards to establish interoper-
ability and facilitate commercial development of bio-
molecular measurement technology and engineering 
biology applications; 
(3) convene industry, institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 
and other Federal agencies engaged in engineering 
biology research and development to develop coordi-
nated technical roadmaps for authoritative measure-
ment of the molecular components of the cell; 
(4) provide access to user facilities with ad-
vanced or unique equipment, services, materials, and 
other resources to industry, institutions of higher 
education, nonprofit organizations, and government 
agencies to perform research and testing;
220 
(5) establish or expand collaborative partner-
ships or consortia with other Federal agencies en-
gaged in engineering biology research and develop-
ment, institutions of higher education, Federal lab-
oratories, and industry to advance engineering biol-
ogy applications; and 
(6) support graduate and post graduate re-
search and training in biometrology, biomanufac-
turing, and engineering biology. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘Engineering Biology’’ means the application of en-
gineering design principles and practices to biological sys-
tems, including molecular and cellular systems, to advance 
fundamental understanding of complex natural systems 
and to enable novel or optimized functions and capabili-
ties. 
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to alter the policies, processes, or 
practices of individual Federal agencies in effect on the 
day before the date of the enactment of this Act relating 
to the conduct of biomedical research and advanced devel-
opment, including the solicitation and review of extra-
mural research proposals. 
(d) CONTROLS.—In carrying out activities authorized 
by this section, the Secretary shall ensure proper security
221 
controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as 
appropriate. 
SEC. 10222. GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT RESEARCH. 
(a) GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration, the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
National Science Foundation, and other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out a measure-
ment research program to inform the development of 
best practices, benchmarks, methodologies, proce-
dures, and technical standards for the measurement 
of greenhouse gas emissions and to assess and im-
prove the performance of greenhouse gas emissions 
measurement systems placed in-situ and on space- 
based platforms. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out such a pro-
gram, the Director may— 
(A) conduct research and testing to im-
prove the accuracy, efficacy, and reliability of 
the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions 
at a range of scales that covers direct measure-
222 
ment at the component or process level through 
atmospheric observations; 
(B) conduct research to create novel meas-
urement technologies and techniques for the 
measurement of greenhouse gas emissions; 
(C) convene and engage with relevant Fed-
eral agencies and stakeholders to establish com-
mon definitions and characterizations for the 
measurement of greenhouse gas emissions, tak-
ing into account any existing United States and 
international technical standards and guidance; 
(D) conduct outreach and coordination to 
share technical expertise with relevant industry 
and non-industry stakeholders and standards 
development organizations to assist such enti-
ties in the development of best practices and 
technical standards for greenhouse gas emis-
sions measurements; 
(E) in coordination with the Administrator 
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration and the Administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, develop such 
standard reference materials as the Director de-
termines is necessary to further the develop-
ment of such technical standards, taking into
223 
account any existing United States or inter-
national standards; 
(F) coordinate with the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration to ensure data 
are managed, stewarded, and archived at all 
levels and promote full and open exchange at 
Federal and State levels, and with academia, 
industry, and other users; and 
(G) coordinate with international partners, 
including international standards organizations, 
to maintain global greenhouse gas measurement 
technical standards. 
(3) TEST BEDS.—In coordination with the pri-
vate sector, institutions of higher education, State 
and local governments, the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, and other Federal agencies, as ap-
propriate, the Director may continue to develop and 
manage testbeds to advance research and standards 
development for greenhouse gas emissions measure-
ments from in-situ and space-based platforms. 
(4) GREENHOUSE GAS MEASUREMENT CENTER 
OF EXCELLENCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in col-
laboration with the Administrator of the Na-
224 
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, and the heads of other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, shall award to an in-
stitution of higher education or an eligible non-
profit organization (or a consortium thereof), 
on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis, funds to 
establish a Center of Excellence in Greenhouse 
Gas Measurement. 
(B) 
COLLABORATIONS.—The 
Director 
shall require, as a condition of receipt of the 
award under this paragraph, that the activities 
of the Center of Excellence include collaboration 
among public and private organizations, includ-
ing institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
organizations, private sector entities, and State, 
tribal, territorial, and local officials. 
(C) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center 
of Excellence shall be to— 
(i) advance measurement science, data 
analytics, and modeling at a range of 
scales that covers direct measurement at 
the component or process level through at-
mospheric observations to improve the ac-
curacy of greenhouse gas emissions meas-
225 
urement, validation, and attribution to spe-
cific underlying activities and processes; 
(ii) test and evaluate the performance 
of existing capabilities, and inform and im-
prove best practices, benchmarks, meth-
odologies, procedures, and technical stand-
ards, for the measurement and validation 
of greenhouse gas emissions at scales 
noted in clause (i); 
(iii) educate and train students in 
measurement 
science, 
computational 
science, and systems engineering research 
relevant to greenhouse gas emissions meas-
urements; 
(iv) foster collaboration among aca-
demic researchers, private sector stake-
holders, and State, Tribal, territorial, and 
local officials; 
(v) support Institute test beds as de-
scribed in subsection (a)(3); and 
(vi) collaborate with other Federal 
agencies to conduct outreach and coordina-
tion to share technical expertise with rel-
evant public and private sector stake-
holders, including academia, State, Tribal,
226 
territorial, local officials, and international 
partners to assist such entities in meas-
uring greenhouse gas emissions. 
(D) REQUIREMENTS.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—An institution of 
higher education or an eligible nonprofit 
organization (or a consortium thereof) 
seeking funding under this subsection shall 
submit an application to the Director at 
such time, in such manner, and containing 
such information as the Director may re-
quire. 
(ii) APPLICATIONS.—Each application 
made under clause (i) shall include a de-
scription of— 
(I) how the Center will work with 
other research institutions, industry 
partners, and State and local officials 
to identify research, testing, and tech-
nical standards needs relevant to 
greenhouse gas emissions; 
(II) how the Center will promote 
active collaboration among researchers 
in multiple disciplines involved in the
227 
measurement of greenhouse gas emis-
sions; and 
(III) how the Center will share 
technical expertise with relevant pub-
lic and private sector stakeholders, in-
cluding state and local officials, to as-
sist such entities in measuring green-
house gas emissions. 
(iii) SELECTION
AND
DURATION.— 
Each Center established under this section 
is authorized to carry out activities for a 
period of 5 years, renewable for an addi-
tional 5 years at the discretion of the Di-
rector, in consultation with other Federal 
agencies as appropriate. 
SEC. 10223. NIST AUTHORITY FOR CYBERSECURITY AND 
PRIVACY ACTIVITIES. 
Section 2 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (16), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (16) 
through (27) as paragraphs (21) through (32), 
respectively; and
228 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (15) the 
following: 
‘‘(16) support information security measures 
for the development and lifecycle of software and the 
software supply chain, including development of vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best 
practices, frameworks, methodologies, procedures, 
processes, and software engineering toolkits and con-
figurations; 
‘‘(17) support information security measures, 
including 
voluntary, 
consensus-based 
technical 
standards, best practices, and guidelines, for the de-
sign, adoption and deployment of cloud computing 
services; 
‘‘(18) support research, development, and prac-
tical application to improve the usability of cyberse-
curity processes and technologies; 
‘‘(19) facilitate and support the development of 
a voluntary, consensus-based set of technical stand-
ards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, pro-
cedures, and processes to cost-effectively ensure ap-
propriate privacy protections for personally identifi-
able information in systems, technologies, and proc-
esses used by both the public and private sector;
229 
‘‘(20) support privacy measures, including vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best 
practices, guidelines, metrology, and testbeds for the 
design, adoption and deployment of privacy enhanc-
ing technologies;’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)(1)(A)— 
(A) in clause (viii), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) by redesignating clause (ix) as clause 
(xi); and 
(C) by inserting after clause (viii) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(ix) conduct reviews of and create 
impact metrics for cybersecurity solutions 
and capabilities developed by the Institute 
for purposes of improvement;’’. 
SEC. 10224. SOFTWARE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION. 
(a) VULNERABILITIES
IN
OPEN
SOURCE
SOFT-
WARE.—The Director shall assess and assign severity 
metrics to identified vulnerabilities with open source soft-
ware and produce voluntary guidance to assist the entities 
that maintain open source software repositories to discover 
and mitigate vulnerabilities. 
(b) 
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED
DE-
FENSES.—The Director shall carry out research and test-
230 
ing to improve the effectiveness of artificial intelligence- 
enabled cybersecurity, including by generating optimized 
data sets to train artificial intelligence defense systems 
and evaluating the performance of varying network archi-
tectures at strengthening network security. 
(c) AUTHENTICATION OF INSTITUTE SOFTWARE.— 
The Director shall ensure all software released by the In-
stitute is digitally signed and maintained to enable stake-
holders to verify its authenticity and integrity upon instal-
lation and execution. 
(d) ASSISTANCE
TO INSPECTORS GENERAL.—The 
Director shall provide technical assistance to improve the 
education and training of individual Federal agency In-
spectors General and staff who are responsible for the an-
nual independent evaluation they are required to perform 
of the information security program and practices of Fed-
eral Agencies under section 3555 of title 44, United States 
Code. 
(e) SOFTWARE SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY PRAC-
TICES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall, in co-
ordination with industry, academia, and other Fed-
eral agencies, as appropriate, develop a set of secu-
rity outcomes and practices, including security con-
trols, control enhancements, supplemental guidance,
231 
or other supporting information to enable software 
developers and operators to identify, assess, and 
manage cyber risks over the full lifecycle of software 
products. 
(2) OUTREACH.—The Director shall conduct 
outreach and coordination activities to share tech-
nical expertise with Federal agencies, relevant indus-
try stakeholders, and standards development organi-
zations, as appropriate, to encourage the voluntary 
adoption of the software lifecycle security practices 
by Federal agencies and industry stakeholders. 
SEC. 10225. DIGITAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH. 
Section 504 of the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act 
of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7464) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out a 
program of research to support the development of vol-
untary, consensus-based technical standards, best prac-
tices, benchmarks, methodologies, metrology, testbeds, 
and conformance criteria for identity management, taking 
into account appropriate user concerns— 
‘‘(1) to improve interoperability and portability 
among identity management technologies;
232 
‘‘(2) to strengthen identity proofing and 
verification methods used in identity management 
systems, including identity and attribute validation 
services provided by Federal, State, and local gov-
ernments; 
‘‘(3) to improve privacy protection in identity 
management systems through authentication and se-
curity protocols; and 
‘‘(4) to monitor and improve the accuracy, 
usability, and inclusivity of identity management 
systems. 
‘‘(b) DIGITAL IDENTITY TECHNICAL ROADMAP.— 
The Director, in consultation with other relevant Federal 
agencies and stakeholders from the private sector, shall 
develop and maintain a technical roadmap for digital iden-
tity management research and development focused on en-
abling the voluntary use and adoption of modern digital 
identity solutions that align with the four criteria in sub-
section (a). 
‘‘(c) DIGITAL IDENTITY MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall develop, 
and periodically update, in collaboration with other 
public and private sector organizations, common 
definitions and voluntary guidance for digital iden-
tity management systems, including identity and at-
233 
tribute validation services provided by Federal, 
State, and local governments. 
‘‘(2) GUIDANCE.—The Guidance shall— 
‘‘(A) align with the four criteria in sub-
section (a), as practicable; 
‘‘(B) provide case studies of implementa-
tion of guidance; 
‘‘(C) incorporate voluntary technical stand-
ards and industry best practices; and 
‘‘(D) not prescribe or otherwise require the 
use of specific technology products or services. 
‘‘(3) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall consult with— 
‘‘(A) Federal and State agencies; 
‘‘(B) industry; 
‘‘(C) potential end-users and individuals 
that will use services related to digital identity 
verification; and 
‘‘(D) experts with relevant experience in 
the 
systems 
that 
enable 
digital 
identity 
verification, as determined by the Director.’’. 
SEC. 10226. BIOMETRICS RESEARCH AND TESTING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Director, shall establish a program to support measure-
ment research to inform the development of best practices,
234 
benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, and voluntary, 
consensus-based technical standards for biometric identi-
fication systems, including facial recognition systems, to 
assess and improve the performance of such systems. In 
carrying out such program, the Director may— 
(1) conduct research to support efforts to im-
prove the performance of biometric identification 
systems, including in areas related to conformity as-
sessment, 
image 
quality 
and 
interoperability, 
contactless biometric capture technologies, and 
human-in-the-loop biometric identification systems 
and processes; 
(2) convene and engage with relevant stake-
holders to establish common definitions and charac-
terizations for biometric identification systems, in-
cluding accuracy, fairness, bias, privacy, consent, 
and other properties, taking into account definitions 
in relevant international technical standards and 
other publications; 
(3) carry out research and testing on a range 
of biometric modalities, such as fingerprints, voice, 
iris, face, vein, behavioral biometrics, genetics, 
multimodal biometrics, and emerging applications of 
biometric identification technology;
235 
(4) study the use of privacy-enhancing tech-
nologies and other technical protective controls to fa-
cilitate access to public data sets for biometric re-
search; 
(5) conduct outreach and coordination to share 
technical expertise with relevant industry and non- 
industry stakeholders and standards development or-
ganizations to assist such entities in the development 
of best practices and voluntary technical standards; 
and 
(6) develop such standard reference artifacts as 
the Director determines is necessary to further the 
development of such voluntary technical standards. 
(b) BIOMETRICS VENDOR TEST PROGRAM.— 
(1) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary, 
acting 
through the Director, shall carry out a test program 
to provide biometrics vendors the opportunity to test 
biometric identification technologies across a range 
of modalities. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the program 
under this subsection, the Director shall— 
(A) conduct research and regular testing to 
improve and benchmark the accuracy, efficacy, 
and bias of biometric identification systems, in-
cluding research and testing on demographic
236 
variations, capture devices, presentation attack 
detection, partially occluded or computer gen-
erated images, privacy and security designs and 
controls, template protection, de-identification, 
and comparison of algorithm, human, and com-
bined algorithm-human recognition capability; 
(B) develop an approach for testing soft-
ware and cloud-based biometrics applications, 
including remote systems, in Institute test fa-
cilities; 
(C) establish reference use cases for bio-
metric applications and performance criteria for 
assessing each use case, including accuracy and 
bias metrics; 
(D) produce public-facing reports of the 
findings from such testing for a general audi-
ence; and 
(E) conduct such other activities as 
deemed necessary by the Director. 
(c) GAO REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a 
detailed report to Congress on the impact of biometric 
identification systems on historically marginalized commu-
nities, including low-income communities and minority re-
237 
ligious, racial, and ethnic groups. Such report should be 
made publicly available on an internet website. 
SEC. 10227. FEDERAL BIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE STAND-
ARDS. 
Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3) is amended in sub-
section (b)— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 
the semicolon; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and 
inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) performance standards and guidelines for 
high risk biometric identification systems, including 
facial recognition systems, accounting for various 
use cases, types of biometric identification systems, 
and relevant operational conditions.’’. 
SEC. 10228. PROTECTING RESEARCH FROM CYBER THEFT. 
Section 2(e)(1)(A) of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)(1)(A)), as 
amended by section 10223(2), is further amended by in-
serting after clause (ix), as added by section 10223(2)(C), 
the following: 
‘‘(x) consider institutions of higher 
education (as defined in section 101 of the
238 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1001)); and’’. 
SEC. 10229. DISSEMINATION OF RESOURCES FOR RE-
SEARCH INSTITUTIONS. 
(a) DISSEMINATION OF RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH 
INSTITUTIONS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Di-
rector shall, using the authorities of the Director 
under subsections (c)(15) and (e)(1)(A)(ix) of sec-
tion 2 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), as amended by sec-
tion 10228, disseminate and make publicly available 
resources to help qualifying institutions identify, as-
sess, manage, and reduce their cybersecurity risk re-
lated to conducting research. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Director shall en-
sure that the resources disseminated pursuant to 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) are generally applicable and usable by 
a wide range of qualifying institutions; 
(B) vary with the nature and size of the 
qualifying institutions, and the nature and sen-
sitivity of the data collected or stored on the in-
239 
formation systems or devices of the qualifying 
institutions; 
(C) include elements that promote aware-
ness of simple, basic controls, a workplace cy-
bersecurity culture, and third-party stakeholder 
relationships, to assist qualifying institutions in 
mitigating common cybersecurity risks; 
(D) include case studies, examples, and 
scenarios of practical application; 
(E) are technology-neutral and can be im-
plemented using technologies that are commer-
cial and off-the-shelf; and 
(F) to the extent practicable, are based on 
international technical standards. 
(3) NATIONAL
CYBERSECURITY
AWARENESS 
AND EDUCATION PROGRAM.—The Director shall en-
sure that the resources disseminated under para-
graph (1) are consistent with the efforts of the Di-
rector under section 303 of the Cybersecurity En-
hancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7451). 
(4) UPDATES.—The Director shall review peri-
odically and update the resources under paragraph 
(1) as the Director determines appropriate.
240 
(5) VOLUNTARY RESOURCES.—The use of the 
resources disseminated under paragraph (1) shall be 
considered voluntary. 
(b) OTHER FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY REQUIRE-
MENTS.—Nothing in this section may be construed to su-
persede, alter, or otherwise affect any cybersecurity re-
quirements applicable to Federal agencies. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) QUALIFYING
INSTITUTIONS.—The term 
‘‘qualifying institutions’’ means institutions of high-
er education that are classified as either very-high 
research intensive (R1) or high research intensive 
(R2) status universities by the Carnegie Classifica-
tion of Academic Institutions. 
(2) RESOURCES.—The term ‘‘resources’’ means 
guidelines, tools, best practices, technical standards, 
methodologies, and other ways of providing informa-
tion. 
SEC. 10230. ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH. 
The National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating section 35 as section 36; 
and 
(2) by inserting after section 34 the following:
241 
‘‘SEC. 35. ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH ACTIVI-
TIES. 
‘‘(a) ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of the National Tele-
communications and Information Administration, 
the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
and heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
shall carry out a program of measurement research 
for advanced communications technologies. 
‘‘(2) RESEARCH AREAS.—Research areas may 
include— 
‘‘(A) radio frequency emissions and inter-
ference, including technologies and techniques 
to mitigate such emissions; 
‘‘(B) advanced antenna arrays and artifi-
cial intelligence systems capable of operating 
advanced antenna arrays; 
‘‘(C) artificial intelligence systems to en-
able internet of things networks, immersive 
technology, and other advanced communications 
technologies; 
‘‘(D) network sensing and monitoring tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(E) technologies to enable spectrum flexi-
bility and agility;
242 
‘‘(F) optical and quantum communications 
technologies; 
‘‘(G) security of advanced communications 
systems; 
‘‘(H) public safety communications; 
‘‘(I) resilient internet of things applications 
for advanced manufacturing; and 
‘‘(J) other research areas deemed nec-
essary by the Director. 
‘‘(3) TEST BEDS.—In coordination with the As-
sistant Secretary for Communications and Informa-
tion, the private sector, and other Federal agencies 
as appropriate, the Director may develop and man-
age testbeds for research and development of ad-
vanced communications technologies, avoiding dupli-
cation of existing testbeds run by other agencies or 
the private sector. 
‘‘(4) OUTREACH.—In carrying out the activities 
under this subsection, the Director shall seek input 
from other Federal agencies and from private sector 
stakeholders, on an ongoing basis, to help inform re-
search and development priorities, including through 
workshops and other multi-stakeholder activities. 
‘‘(5) TECHNICAL ROADMAPS.—In carrying out 
the activities under this subsection, the Director
243 
shall convene industry, institutions of higher edu-
cation, nonprofit organizations, Federal laboratories, 
and other Federal agencies engaged in advanced 
communications research and development to de-
velop, and periodically update, coordinated technical 
roadmaps for advanced communications research in 
priority areas, such as those described in paragraph 
(2). 
‘‘(b) NATIONAL ADVANCED SPECTRUM AND COMMU-
NICATIONS TEST NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordina-
tion with the Administrator of the National Tele-
communications and Information Administration 
and heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
shall operate a national network of government, aca-
demic, and commercial test capabilities and facilities 
to be known as the National Advanced Spectrum 
and Communications Test Network (referred to in 
this section as ‘NASCTN’). 
‘‘(2) PURPOSES.—NASCTN shall be for the 
purposes of facilitating and coordinating the use of 
intellectual capacity, modeling and simulation, lab-
oratory facilities, and test facilities to meet national 
spectrum interests and challenges, including—
244 
‘‘(A) measurements and analyses of elec-
tromagnetic propagation, radio systems charac-
teristics, and operating techniques affecting the 
utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum in 
coordination with specialized, related research 
and analysis performed by other Federal agen-
cies in their areas of responsibility; 
‘‘(B) conducting research and analysis in 
the general field of telecommunications sciences 
in support of the Institute’s mission and in sup-
port of other Government agencies; 
‘‘(C) developing methodologies for testing, 
measuring, and setting guidelines for inter-
ference; 
‘‘(D) conducting interference tests to bet-
ter understand the impact of Federal and com-
mercial spectrum activities; 
‘‘(E) conducting research and testing to 
improve spectrum interference tolerance, flexi-
bility, agility, and interference mitigation meth-
ods; and 
‘‘(F) other activities as deemed necessary 
by the Director.’’.
245 
SEC. 10231. NEUTRON SCATTERING. 
(a) STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE INSTITUTE NEUTRON 
REACTOR.—The Director shall develop a strategic plan for 
the future of the NIST Center for Neutron Research after 
the current neutron reactor is decommissioned, includ-
ing— 
(1) a succession plan for the reactor, including 
a roadmap with timeline and milestones; 
(2) conceptual design of a new reactor and ac-
companying facilities, as appropriate; and 
(3) a plan to minimize disruptions to the user 
community during the transition. 
(b) COORDINATION WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF EN-
ERGY.—The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
coordinate with the Secretary of Energy on issues related 
to Federal support for neutron science, including esti-
mation of long-term needs for research using neutron 
sources, and planning efforts for future facilities to meet 
such needs. 
(c) REPORT
TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 18 
months after the enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
submit to Congress the plan required under subsection 
(a), and shall notify Congress of any substantial updates 
to such plan in subsequent years.
246 
SEC. 10232. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall continue to 
prioritize and carry out activities authorized in the Na-
tional Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801). 
(b) QUANTUM RESEARCH.—Section 201(a) of the 
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through 
(4) as paragraphs (6) through (7); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the 
development and standardization of quantum cryp-
tography and post-quantum classical cryptography; 
‘‘(4) shall carry out research to facilitate the 
development and standardization of quantum net-
working and communications technologies and appli-
cations, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum repeater technology; 
‘‘(B) quantum network traffic manage-
ment; 
‘‘(C) quantum transduction; 
‘‘(D) long baseline entanglement and 
teleportation; and
247 
‘‘(E) such other technologies, processes, or 
applications as the Director considers appro-
priate; 
‘‘(5) for quantum technologies deemed by the 
Director to be at a readiness level sufficient for 
standardization, shall provide technical review and 
assistance to such other Federal agencies as the Di-
rector considers appropriate for the development of 
quantum network infrastructure standards;’’. 
SEC. 10233. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall continue to 
support the development of artificial intelligence and data 
science, and carry out the activities of the National Artifi-
cial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 authorized in divi-
sion E of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283), including 
through— 
(1) expanding the Institute’s capabilities, in-
cluding scientific staff and research infrastructure; 
(2) supporting measurement research and de-
velopment for advanced computer chips and hard-
ware designed for artificial intelligence systems; 
(3) supporting the development of technical 
standards and guidelines that promote safe and 
trustworthy artificial intelligence systems;
248 
(4) creating a framework for managing risks 
associated with artificial intelligence systems; 
(5) developing and publishing cybersecurity 
tools, encryption methods, and best practices for ar-
tificial intelligence and data science; and 
(6) creating an office to study bias in the use 
of artificial intelligence systems and publish guid-
ance to reduce disparate impacts on historically 
marginalized communities. 
(b) TESTBEDS.—In coordination with other Federal 
agencies as appropriate, the private sector, and institu-
tions of higher education, the Director may establish 
testbeds to examine artificial intelligence and machine 
learning 
systems 
in 
virtual 
environments 
for 
vulnerabilities that may lead to failure, malfunction, or at-
tacks under a wide range of conditions. 
SEC. 10234. SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND 
EDUCATION. 
In accordance with section 263 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, the Director 
shall carry out activities in support of sustainable chem-
istry, including coordinating and partnering with aca-
demia, industry, non-profits, and other entities in activi-
ties to support clean, safe, and economic alternatives,
249 
technologies, and methodologies to traditional chemical 
products and processes. 
SEC. 10235. PREMISE PLUMBING RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Director, shall create a program, in consultation with the 
Environmental Protection Agency, for premise plumbing 
research, including to— 
(1) conduct metrology research on premise 
plumbing in relation to water safety, security, effi-
ciency, sustainability, and resilience; and 
(2) coordinate research activities with aca-
demia, the private sector, nonprofits, and other Fed-
eral agencies. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, the 
term ‘‘premise plumbing’’ means the water distribution 
system located within the property lines of a property, in-
cluding all buildings and permanent structures on such 
property. Such term includes building supply and distribu-
tion pipes, fixtures, fittings, water heaters, water-treating 
and water-using equipment, and all respective joints, con-
nections, devices, and appurtenances.
250 
Subtitle C—General Activities 
SEC. 10241. EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH AND SUPPORT FOR 
UNDERREPRESENTED COMMUNITIES. 
Section 18 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–1) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), in the second sentence— 
(A) by striking ‘‘may’’ and inserting 
‘‘shall’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘academia’’ and inserting 
‘‘diverse types of institutions of higher edu-
cation, including minority-serving institutions 
and community colleges’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by inserting after paragraph (5) the 
following: 
‘‘(6) conduct outreach to and develop research 
collaborations with historically Black colleges and 
universities and minority-serving institutions, includ-
ing through the recruitment of students and faculty 
at such institutions to participate in programs devel-
oped under paragraph (3);
251 
‘‘(7) conduct outreach to and develop research 
collaborations with community colleges, including 
through the recruitment of students and faculty at 
such institutions to participate in programs devel-
oped under paragraph (3); 
‘‘(8) carry out other activities to increase the 
participation 
of 
persons 
historically 
underrep-
resented in STEM in the Institute’s programs; and 
‘‘(9) conduct outreach to and develop collabora-
tions with nontraditional educational organizations, 
including those that offer training through non-prof-
it associations and professional associations or pro-
fessional societies, to engage persons historically 
underrepresented in STEM through programs devel-
oped under this subsection.’’. 
SEC. 10242. OTHER TRANSACTIONS AUTHORITY. 
Section 2(b)(4) of the National Institute of Stand-
ards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(b)(4)) is amend-
ed to read as follows: 
‘‘(4) to enter into and perform such contracts, 
including cooperative research and development ar-
rangements and grants and cooperative agreements 
or other transactions, as may be necessary in the 
conduct of its work and on such terms as it may
252 
deem appropriate, in furtherance of the purposes of 
this Act;’’. 
SEC. 10243. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON COLLABORATIONS 
WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. 
Not later than 6 months after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Director shall submit a report to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representa-
tives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate describing the Institute’s challenges with re-
spect to collaboration between the Institute and other Fed-
eral agencies. The report shall include, at a minimum— 
(1) an assessment of the challenges that arise 
with interagency collaboration, including transfer of 
funds with a limited period of availability to the In-
stitute and issues with sharing personnel, associates, 
facilities, and property with collaborating agencies; 
and 
(2) descriptions of projects that were disrupted 
due to the challenges outlined in paragraph (1). 
SEC. 10244. HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS. 
Section 6 of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act is amended to read as follows:
253 
‘‘SEC. 6. HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The officers and employees of 
the Institute, except the director, shall be appointed by 
the Secretary at such time as their respective services may 
become necessary. 
‘‘(b) HIRING CRITICAL TECHNICAL EXPERTS.—Not-
withstanding section 3104 of title 5 or the provisions of 
any other law relating to the appointment, number, classi-
fication, or compensation of employees, the Secretary shall 
have the authority to make appointments of scientific, en-
gineering, and professional personnel, and to fix the basic 
pay of such personnel at a rate to be determined by the 
Secretary at rates not in excess of the highest total annual 
compensation payable at the rate determined under sec-
tion 104 of title 3. The Director shall appoint not more 
than 15 personnel under this section. 
‘‘(c) SUNSET.—The authority under section (b) shall 
expire on the date that is 5 years after the date of enact-
ment of this section.’’. 
SEC. 10245. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ENGAGEMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall lead in-
formation exchange and coordination among Federal 
agencies and communication from Federal agencies 
to the private sector of the United States to ensure
254 
effective Federal engagement in the development 
and use of international technical standards. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To support private sec-
tor-led engagement and ensure effective Federal en-
gagement in the development and use of inter-
national technical standards, the Director shall con-
sider— 
(A) the role and needs of the Federal Gov-
ernment with respect to international technical 
standards; 
(B) organizations developing international 
technical standards of interest to the United 
States, United States representation and influ-
ence in these organizations, and key contribu-
tors for technical and leadership expertise in 
these organizations; 
(C) support for persons with domain sub-
ject matter expertise, especially from small 
businesses located in the United States, to in-
fluence and engage in technical standards lead-
ership positions, working groups and meetings; 
(D) opportunities for partnerships for sup-
porting international technical standards from 
across the Federal Government, Federally fund-
ed research and development centers, univer-
255 
sity-affiliated research centers, institutions of 
higher education, industry, industry associa-
tions, nonprofit organizations, and other key 
contributors; 
(E) support for activities to encourage the 
adoption of technical standards developed in the 
United States to be adopted by international 
standards organizations; and 
(F) other activities determined by the Di-
rector to be necessary to support United States 
participation in international standards develop-
ment, economic competitiveness, and national 
security in the development and use of inter-
national technical standards. 
(b) CAPACITY BUILDING GUIDANCE.—The Director 
shall support education and workforce development efforts 
to promote United States participation in international 
standards organizations. The Director shall— 
(1) identify and create, as appropriate, tech-
nical standards education and training resources for 
interested businesses, industry associations, aca-
demia, nonprofits, Federal agencies, and other rel-
evant standards contributors, including activities 
targeted at integrating standards content into un-
256 
dergraduate and graduate curricula in science, engi-
neering, business, public policy, and law; 
(2) conduct outreach, including to private sec-
tor leaders, to support engagement by more United 
States stakeholders in international technical stand-
ards development; and 
(3) other activities deemed necessary by the Di-
rector to support increased engagement, influence, 
and leadership of United States organizations in the 
development of international technical standards. 
(c) CAPACITY BUILDING PILOT PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordina-
tion with the Director of the National Science Foun-
dation, the Administrator of the Small Business Ad-
ministration and the heads of other relevant Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, shall establish a 5-year 
pilot program to award grants, on a merit-reviewed, 
competitive basis, to private sector entities, institu-
tions of higher education, or nonprofit institutions 
based in the United States to support increased par-
ticipation by small business and academic interests 
in international standards organizations. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the pilot pro-
grams established in subsection (c), the Director 
shall award competitive, merit-reviewed grants to
257 
covered entities to cover the reasonable costs, up to 
a specified ceiling set by the Director, of activities 
supporting increased engagement and leadership of 
employees of small businesses and faculty of institu-
tions of higher education or other nonprofit research 
institutions with subject matter and technical exper-
tise necessary to be conributers in international 
standards organizations. 
(3) AWARD CRITERIA.—The Director may only 
provide a grant under this section to an eligible re-
cipient that— 
(A) demonstrates deep technical standards 
expertise; 
(B) demonstrates knowledge with the proc-
esses of the standards development organization 
in which the recipient intends to engage using 
grant funds; 
(C) proposes a feasible set of standard 
deliverables to be completed over the period of 
the grant; 
(D) explains how the recipient will fund 
the standards work supported by the grant if 
the grant funds are insufficient to cover all 
costs of the work; and
258 
(E) commits personnel with appropriate 
expertise to engage in relevant international or-
ganizations responsible for developing technical 
standards over the period of the grant. 
(4) ELIGIBILITY.—A small business concern (as 
defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
U.S.C. 632) based in the United States, an institu-
tion of higher education (as defined by section 102 
of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S. C. 
1002)), or a nonprofit institution as defined in sec-
tion 4(5) of the Stevenson-Wydler Act (15 U.S.C. 
3703) shall be eligible to receive grants under this 
program. 
(5) 
PRIORITIZATION.—The 
Director 
may 
prioritize grants awarded under this section to eligi-
ble recipients for standards development proposals 
that address clearly defined current or anticipated 
market needs or gaps that would not be met without 
the grant. 
(6) APPLICATION.—An eligible recipient seeking 
funding under subsection (c) shall submit an appli-
cation to the Director at such time, in such manner, 
and containing such information as the Director 
may require.
259 
(7) MERIT REVIEW PROCESS.—Not later than 
90 days after the enactment of this Act, the Direc-
tor shall establish a merit review process, including 
the creation of merit review panels made of experts 
from government and the private sector, to evaluate 
the application under paragraph (6) to ensure appli-
cations submitted are reviewed in a fair, competitive, 
transparent, and in-depth manner. 
(8) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out the pilot 
program established under subsection (c), the Direc-
tor shall consult with other Federal agencies, private 
sector organizations, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and nonprofit organizations to help inform 
the pilot program, including selection criteria, appli-
cant disclosure requirements, grant amount and du-
ration, and the merit review process. 
(9) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—The Director shall 
brief Congress after the second year of the pilot pro-
gram and each year following that includes the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An assessment of the effectiveness of 
the pilot program for improving the participa-
tion of United States small businesses, United 
States institutions of higher education, or other
260 
nonprofit research institutions in international 
standards organizations, including— 
(i) the type of activities supported, in-
cluding leadership roles; 
(ii) the international standards orga-
nizations participated in; and 
(iii) the technical areas covered by the 
activities. 
(B) If deemed effective, a plan for perma-
nent implementation of the pilot program. 
(d) REAFFIRMING THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLUNTARY 
CONSENSUS-BASED INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS BOD-
IES.—To the extent applicable, the Institute, when pre-
paring standards, participating in voluntary consensus 
standard bodies, and engaging in a standards development 
process that is open to participation from Chinese firms 
and state-owned enterprises of the People’s Republic of 
China, the process should include the following attributes 
that are easily accessible, clear, and unambiguous: 
(1) Transparency. 
(2) Openness. 
(3) Impartiality and Consensus. 
(4) Effectiveness and Relevance. 
(5) Coherence. 
(6) Development Dimension.
261 
SEC. 10246. STANDARD TECHNICAL UPDATE. 
(a) NATIONAL
INSTITUTE
OF
STANDARDS
AND 
TECHNOLOGY ACT UPDATES.—The National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 271) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in section 15— 
(A) in subsection (b), by striking the pe-
riod at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
(B) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘and’’ 
after the semicolon; and 
(C) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘; and (i) the protection of Institute 
buildings and other plant facilities, equipment, 
and property, and of employees, associates, or 
visitors, located therein or associated therewith, 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
direction of such of the officers and employees 
of the Institute as the Secretary deems nec-
essary in the public interest hereafter to carry 
firearms while in the conduct of their official 
duties, and the authorization of employees of 
contractors and subcontractors of the Institute 
who are engaged in the protection of property 
owned by the United States, and located at fa-
cilities owned by, leased, used or under the con-
trol of the United States, to carry firearms
262 
while in the conduct of their official duties, and, 
under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 
and approved by the Attorney General, the au-
thorization of officers and employees of the In-
stitute and of its contractors and subcontrac-
tors authorized to carry firearms hereafter to 
arrest without warrant for any offense against 
the United States committed in their presence, 
or for any felony cognizable under the laws of 
the United States if they have reasonable 
grounds to believe that the person to be ar-
rested has committed or is committing such fel-
ony, provided that such authority to make ar-
rests may be exercised only while guarding and 
protecting buildings and other plant facilities, 
equipment, and property owned or leased by, 
used or under the control of, the United States 
under the administration and control of the 
Secretary.’’; and 
(2) by amending section 17(a) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(a) The Secretary is authorized, notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, to expend such sums, within 
the limit of appropriated funds, as the Secretary may 
deem desirable through direct support for activities of
263 
international organizations and foreign national metrology 
institutes with which the Institute cooperates to advance 
measurement methods, technical standards, and related 
basic technologies, for official representation, to host offi-
cial receptions, dinners, and similar events, and to other-
wise extend official courtesies, including transportation of 
foreign dignitaries and representatives of foreign national 
metrology institutes to and from the Institute, for the pur-
pose of maintaining the standing and prestige of the De-
partment of Commerce and the Institute, through the 
grant of fellowships or other appropriate form of financial 
or logistical assistance or support to foreign nationals not 
in service to the Government of the United States while 
they are performing scientific or engineering work at the 
Institute or participating in the exchange of scientific or 
technical information at the Institute.’’. 
(b) 
STEVENSON-WYDLER
UPDATES.—Section 
17(c)(1) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3711a(c)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by moving each of subparagraphs (D) and 
(E) two ems to the left; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(G) Community.’’. 
(c) AMERICAN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS 
ACT UPDATE.—Section 113 of the American Innovation
264 
and Competitiveness Act (15 U.S.C. 278e note) is re-
pealed. 
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The item relating to 
section 113 in the table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
American Innovation and Competitiveness Act is repealed. 
(e) FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT 
ACT UPDATE.—Section 4 of the Federal Energy Manage-
ment Improvement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 5001) is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Commerce’’ and 
‘‘Secretary’’ each place either such term appears and 
inserting ‘‘Consumer Product Safety Commission’’; 
(2) by redesignating the second subsection (c) 
as subsection (e); and 
(3) in subsection (g), by redesignating clauses 
(i) and (ii) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively. 
SEC. 10247. GAO STUDY OF NIST RESEARCH SECURITY 
POLICIES AND PROTOCOLS. 
(a) EVALUATION.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall conduct a study of the Insti-
tute’s policies and protocols to protect its research and 
combat undue foreign influence.
265 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The study con-
ducted under subsection (a) shall include, to the extent 
practicable, the following: 
(1) An analysis of steps taken by the Institute 
to address foreign threats to Institute-funded re-
search over the previous 5 years. 
(2) An analysis of the coordination and engage-
ment between the Department of Commerce’s Office 
of Inspector General, the Department of Commerce’s 
Office of Intelligence, the National Counterintel-
ligence and Security Center of the Office of the Di-
rector of National Intelligence, and the Institute in 
identifying and addressing concerning findings. 
(3) An assessment of the Institute’s review 
process for Foreign National associates. 
(4) An assessment of the Institute’s policies as 
it relates to employees and associates participating 
in foreign talent recruitment programs. 
(5) An assessment of the Institute’s implemen-
tation of conflict-of-interest and disclosure policies 
and requirements, including the disclosure require-
ments authorized in section 223 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Pub-
lic Law 116–283).
266 
(6) An assessment of the Institute’s, the De-
partment of Commerce’s Office of Security, the De-
partment of Commerce’s Office of Intelligence, and 
the Department of Commerce’s Office of Inspector 
General’s ability to monitor and enforce conflict-of- 
interest and disclosure policies and requirements, in-
cluding the disclosure requirements authorized in 
section 223 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283). 
(7) An assessment of the Institute’s, the De-
partment of Commerce’s, and the Department of 
Commerce’s Office of Inspector General’s ability to 
conduct risk assessments of research and develop-
ment award applications and disclosures to the Insti-
tute. 
(8) An assessment of the Institute’s research 
security training programs for both internal and ex-
ternally-supported researchers and associates, in-
cluding training focused on international collabora-
tion, and international travel, foreign interference, 
and rules for proper use of funds, disclosure, conflict 
of commitment, and conflict of interest. 
(9) An analysis and summary of incidents of 
undue foreign influence at Institute-supported re-
267 
search facilities and programs over the past 10 
years. 
(10) Recommendations for the Institute to bol-
ster its research security policies and protocols. 
(11) Other matters the Comptroller General de-
termines appropriate. 
(c) CONGRESSIONAL BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comp-
troller General shall brief the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology and the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate 
on the findings available from the evaluation conducted 
under subsection (a). 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit to the congressional committees specified in 
subsection (c) a report on the findings and recommenda-
tions of the evaluation conducted under subsection (a). 
SEC. 10248. STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION 
GRANTS. 
(a) NONGOVERNMENTAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT 
ORGANIZATION DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘nongovernmental standards development organization’’
268 
means a nongovernmental standards development organi-
zation (as defined in section 2(e) of the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget Circular A–119 (relating to Federal par-
ticipation in the development and use of voluntary con-
sensus standards in conformity assessment activities), or 
any successor document) that adheres to the American 
National Standards Institute (ANSI) Essential Require-
ments for Due Process for American National Standards. 
(b) GRANT AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of Com-
merce, acting through the Director, shall establish a com-
petitive program of grants for nongovernmental standards 
development organizations for the purposes described in 
subsection (c). 
(c) PURPOSES.—A grant awarded under subsection 
(b) shall be used to develop, approve, disseminate, main-
tain, and review forensic science voluntary consensus 
standards and best practices that shall be available to the 
public free of charge. 
(d) ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS.—The Director 
may promulgate such requirements, guidelines, and proce-
dures as may be necessary to carry out this section. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
269 
Subtitle 
D—Hollings 
Manufac-
turing Extension Partnership 
SEC. 10251. ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPANSION AWARDS 
PILOT PROGRAM AS A PART OF THE HOL-
LINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PART-
NERSHIP. 
The National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 25A (15 U.S.C. 278k–1) the following: 
‘‘SEC. 25B. EXPANSION AWARDS PILOT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—The terms used in this section 
have the meanings given the terms in section 25. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director shall establish 
as a part of the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Part-
nership a pilot program of expansion awards among par-
ticipants described in subsection (c) of this section for the 
purposes described in subsection (e) of this section. 
‘‘(c) PARTICIPANTS.—Participants receiving awards 
under this section shall be Centers, or a consortium of 
Centers. 
‘‘(d) AWARD AMOUNTS.—Subject to the availability 
of appropriations, an award for a recipient under this sec-
tion shall be in an amount equal to the sum of the fol-
lowing:
270 
‘‘(1) Such amount as the Director considers ap-
propriate as a minimum base funding level for each 
award under this section. 
‘‘(2) Such additional amount as the Director 
considers in proportion to the manufacturing density 
of the region of the recipient. 
‘‘(3) Such supplemental amounts as the Direc-
tor considers appropriate. 
‘‘(e) PURPOSE OF AWARDS.—An award under this 
section shall be made for one or more of the following pur-
poses: 
‘‘(1) To provide coordinating services on em-
ployee engagement, including employee ownership 
and workforce training, including connecting manu-
facturers with career and technical education enti-
ties, institutions of higher education (including com-
munity colleges), workforce development boards, 
labor organizations, and nonprofit job training pro-
viders to develop and support training and job place-
ment services, including apprenticeship and online 
learning platforms, for new and incumbent workers, 
programming to prevent job losses when adopting 
new technologies and processes, and development of 
employee ownership practices.
271 
‘‘(2) To provide services to improve the resil-
iency of domestic supply chains and to mitigate 
vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, including helping to 
offset the cost of cybersecurity projects for small 
manufacturers. 
‘‘(3) To expand advanced technology services to 
United States-based small- and medium-sized manu-
facturers, which may include— 
‘‘(A) developing advanced technology dem-
onstration laboratories for training and dem-
onstration in areas of supply chain and critical 
technology needs, including a focus on the dem-
onstration of technologies developed by compa-
nies based in the United States; 
‘‘(B) services for the adoption of advanced 
technologies, including smart manufacturing 
technologies and practices; and 
‘‘(C) establishing partnerships, for the de-
velopment, demonstration, and deployment of 
advanced technologies, between United States- 
based small- and medium-sized manufacturers 
and— 
‘‘(i) national laboratories (as defined 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801));
272 
‘‘(ii) Federal laboratories; 
‘‘(iii) Manufacturing USA institutes 
(as described in section 34(d)); and 
‘‘(iv) institutions of higher education. 
‘‘(4) To build capabilities across the Hollings 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership for domestic 
supply chain resiliency and optimization, including— 
‘‘(A) assessment of domestic manufac-
turing capabilities, expanded capacity for re-
searching and deploying information on supply 
chain risk, hidden costs of reliance on offshore 
suppliers, redesigning products and processes to 
encourage reshoring, and other relevant topics; 
and 
‘‘(B) expanded services to provide indus-
try-wide support that assists United States 
manufacturers with reshoring manufacturing to 
strengthen the resiliency of domestic supply 
chains, including in critical technology areas 
and foundational manufacturing capabilities 
that are key to domestic manufacturing com-
petitiveness and resiliency, including forming, 
casting, machining, joining, surface treatment, 
and tooling.
273 
‘‘(f) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Director may reim-
burse Centers for costs incurred by the Centers under this 
section. 
‘‘(g) APPLICATIONS.—Applications for awards under 
this section shall be submitted in such manner, at such 
time, and containing such information as the Director 
shall require in consultation with the Manufacturing Ex-
tension Partnership Advisory Board. 
‘‘(h) SELECTION.— 
‘‘(1) REVIEWED AND MERIT-BASED.—The Di-
rector shall ensure that awards under this section 
are reviewed and merit-based. 
‘‘(2) GEOGRAPHIC
DIVERSITY.—The Director 
shall endeavor to have broad geographic diversity 
among selected proposals. 
‘‘(3) CRITERIA.—The Director shall select ap-
plications consistent with the purposes identified 
pursuant to subsection (e) to receive awards that the 
Director determines will achieve one or more of the 
following: 
‘‘(A) Improvement of the competitiveness 
of industries in the region in which the Center 
or Centers are located. 
‘‘(B) Creation of jobs or training of newly 
hired employees.
274 
‘‘(C) Promotion of the transfer and com-
mercialization of research and technology from 
institutions of higher education, national lab-
oratories, or other Federally funded research 
programs, and nonprofit research institutes. 
‘‘(D) Recruitment of a diverse manufac-
turing workforce, including through outreach to 
underrepresented populations, including individ-
uals identified in section 33 or section 34 of the 
Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a, 1885b). 
‘‘(E) Any other result the Director deter-
mines will advance the objective set forth in 
section 25(c) or 26. 
‘‘(i) 
PROGRAM
CONTRIBUTION.—Recipients 
of 
awards under this section shall not be required to provide 
a matching contribution. 
‘‘(j) GLOBAL MARKETPLACE PROJECTS.—In making 
an award under this section, the Director, in consultation 
with the Manufacturing Extension Partnership Advisory 
Board and the Secretary, may take into consideration 
whether an application has significant potential for en-
hancing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized 
United States manufacturers in the global marketplace.
275 
‘‘(k) DURATION.—The Director shall ensure that the 
duration of an award under this section is aligned and 
consistent with a Center’s cooperative agreement estab-
lished in section 25(e). 
‘‘(l) REPORT.—After the completion of the pilot pro-
gram under subsection (b) and not later than October 1, 
2024, the Director shall submit to Congress a report that 
includes— 
‘‘(1) a summary description of what activities 
were funded and the measurable outcomes of such 
activities; 
‘‘(2) a description of which types of activities 
under paragraph (1) could be integrated into, and 
supported under, the program under section 25; 
‘‘(3) a description of which types of activities 
under paragraph (1) could be integrated into, and 
supported under, the competitive awards program 
under section 25A; and 
‘‘(4) a recommendation, supported by a clear 
explanation, as to whether the pilot program should 
be continued.’’.
276 
SEC. 10252. UPDATE TO MANUFACTURING EXTENSION 
PARTNERSHIP. 
(a) ACCEPTANCE OF FUNDS.—Section 25(l) of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278k(l)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(l) ACCEPTANCE OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to such sums 
as may be appropriated to the Secretary and Direc-
tor to operate the Program, the Secretary and Di-
rector may also accept funds from other Federal de-
partments and agencies, as well as funds provided 
by the private sector pursuant to section 2(c)(7) of 
this Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)(7)), to be available to the 
extent provided by appropriations Acts, for the pur-
pose of strengthening United States manufacturing. 
‘‘(2) COMPETITIVE AWARDS.—Funds accepted 
from other Federal departments and agencies and 
from the private sector under paragraph (1) shall be 
awarded competitively by the Secretary and by the 
Director to Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
Centers, provided that the Secretary and Director 
may make non-competitive awards, pursuant to this 
section or section 25A, or as a non-competitive con-
tract, as appropriate, if the Secretary and the Direc-
tor determine that—
277 
‘‘(A) the manufacturing market or sector 
targeted is limited geographically or in scope; 
‘‘(B) the number of States (or territory, in 
the case of Puerto Rico) with Manufacturing 
Extension Partnership Centers serving manu-
facturers of such market or sector is five or 
fewer; and 
‘‘(C) such Manufacturing Extension Part-
nership Center or Centers has received a posi-
tive evaluation in the most recent evaluation 
conducted pursuant to subsection (g).’’. 
(b) SUPPORTING AMERICAN MANUFACTURING.—Sec-
tion 25 of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(5)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘or consortium thereof,’’; 
and 
(B) by inserting ‘‘or a consortium thereof’’ 
before the period at the end of the sentence; 
(2) in subsection (c)(4), by inserting ‘‘United 
States-based’’ before ‘‘industrial’’; 
(3) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘at 
United States-based industrial facilities, includ-
278 
ing small and medium manufacturing compa-
nies’’ before ‘‘based’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘United 
States-based’’ before ‘‘companies’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘United 
States-based’’ before ‘‘small’’; 
(4) in subsection (f)(5)(B)(i), by inserting ‘‘in 
the United States’’ before the semicolon at the end 
of the clause; and 
(5) in subsection (n)(1)(A), by inserting 
‘‘United States-based’’ before ‘‘small’’. 
(c) AMENDING
THE MEP COMPETITIVE AWARDS 
PROGRAM.—Section 25A(c)(2) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k-1(c)(2)) 
is amended by inserting ‘‘United States’’ before ‘‘manu-
facturers’’. 
SEC. 10253. NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN DATABASE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN 
DATABASE.—The Director shall establish and maintain a 
National Supply Chain Database, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the National Supply 
Chain Database shall be to assist the Federal government 
and industry sectors in minimizing disruptions to the
279 
United States supply chain by having an assessment of 
United States manufacturers’ capabilities. 
(c) STUDY
ON NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN DATA-
BASE.—In establishing the National Supply Chain Data-
base, the Director shall consider the findings and rec-
ommendations from the study authorized in section 9413 
of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (Public Law 116–283), including measures to secure 
and protect the National Supply Chain Database from ad-
versarial attacks and vulnerabilities. 
(d) DATABASE AND MANUFACTURING EXTENSION 
PARTNERSHIP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The National Supply Chain 
Database shall be carried out and managed through 
the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
program or its designee and the Director shall en-
sure that the Hollings Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Centers are connected to the National 
Supply Chain Database. 
(2) CAPABILITIES.—The National Supply Chain 
Database shall be capable of providing a national 
view of the supply chain and enable authorized data-
base users to determine in near real-time the United 
States manufacturing capabilities for critical prod-
280 
ucts, including defense supplies, food, and medical 
devices, including personal protective equipment. 
(3) DATABASE CONTENT.—The Database may 
include the following: 
(A) Basic company information. 
(B) An overview of capabilities, accredita-
tions, and products. 
(C) Proprietary information. 
(D) Such other items as the Director con-
siders necessary. 
(4) STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.—The 
Database may use the North American Industry 
Classification System (NAICS) Codes as follows: 
(A) Sector 31-33 — Manufacturing. 
(B) Sector 54 — Professional, Scientific, 
and Technical Services. 
(C) Sector 48-49 — Transportation and 
Warehousing. 
(5) LEVELS.—The Database may be multi-lev-
eled as agreed to under terms of mutual disclosure 
as follows: 
(A) Level 1 may have basic company infor-
mation and shall be available to the public. 
(B) Level 2 may have a deeper, nonpropri-
etary overview into capabilities, products, and
281 
accreditations and shall be available to all com-
panies that contribute to the Database. 
(C) Level 3 may hold proprietary informa-
tion. 
(6) INDIVIDUAL
STATE
DATABASES.—Each 
State’s supply chain database maintained by the In-
stitute-recognized Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship Center within the State shall be complementary 
in design to the National Supply Chain Database. 
(e) MAINTENANCE
OF NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN 
DATABASE.—The Director, acting through the Hollings 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership program, shall 
maintain the National Supply Chain Database as an inte-
gration of the State level databases from each State’s 
Manufacturing Extension Partnership Center and may be 
populated with information from past, current, or poten-
tial Center clients. 
(f) EXEMPT FROM PUBLIC DISCLOSURE.—The Na-
tional Supply Chain Database and any information related 
to it not publicly released by the Institute shall be exempt 
from public disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United 
States Code, and access to non-public content shall be lim-
ited to the contributing company and Manufacturing Ex-
tension Partnership Center staff who sign an appropriate 
non-disclosure agreement. The Director may make aggre-
282 
gated, de-identified information available to contributing 
companies, Centers, or the public, as the Director con-
siders appropriate, in support of the purposes of this sec-
tion. 
(g) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated— 
(1) $31,000,000 for fiscal year 2022 to develop 
and launch the Database; and 
(2) $26,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 
through 2026 to maintain, update, and support Fed-
eral coordination of the State supply chain databases 
maintained by the Centers. 
SEC. 10254. HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PART-
NERSHIP ACTIVITIES. 
Section 70924(b) of the Infrastructure Investment 
and Jobs Act (Public Law 117–58) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘(b) AUTOMATIC ENROLLMENT
IN GSA ADVAN-
TAGE!.—The Administrator of the General Services Ad-
ministration and the Secretary of Commerce, acting 
through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards 
and Technology, shall jointly ensure that businesses that 
participate in the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Part-
nership may, as the business considers appropriate, enroll 
in General Services Administration Advantage!.’’.
283 
Subtitle E—Manufacturing USA 
Program 
SEC. 10261. SUPPORTING GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSITY. 
Section 34(e) of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(e)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(8) DIVERSITY PREFERENCES.—In awarding 
financial assistance under paragraph (1) for plan-
ning or establishing a Manufacturing USA institute, 
an agency head shall give special consideration to 
Manufacturing USA institutes that— 
‘‘(A) contribute to the geographic diversity 
of the Manufacturing USA Program; 
‘‘(B) are located in an area with a low per 
capita income; or 
‘‘(C) are located in an area with a high 
proportion of socially disadvantaged residents.’’. 
Subtitle F—Manufacturing USA 
Program 
SEC. 10271. EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE 
MANUFACTURING USA PROGRAM. 
(a) PARTICIPATION OF MINORITY-SERVING INSTITU-
TIONS, HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVER-
SITIES, AND TRIBAL COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.—
284 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the 
Secretary of Defense, and the heads of such other 
Federal agencies as the Secretary of Commerce con-
siders relevant, shall coordinate with existing and 
new Manufacturing USA institutes to integrate cov-
ered entities as active members of the Manufac-
turing USA institutes, including through the devel-
opment of preferences in selection criteria for pro-
posals to create new Manufacturing USA institutes 
or renew existing Manufacturing USA institutes that 
include one or more covered entities. 
(2) COVERED ENTITIES.—For purposes of this 
subsection, a covered entity is— 
(A) an historically Black college or univer-
sity; 
(B) a Tribal college or university; 
(C) a minority-serving institution; or 
(D) a minority business enterprise (as de-
fined in section 1400.2 of title 15, Code of Fed-
eral Regulations, or successor regulation). 
TITLE III—NATIONAL SCIENCE 
FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE 
SEC. 10301. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following:
285 
(1) Over the past seven decades, the National 
Science Foundation has played a critical role in ad-
vancing the United States academic research enter-
prise by supporting fundamental research and edu-
cation across science and engineering disciplines. 
(2) Discoveries enabled by sustained investment 
in fundamental research and the education of the 
United States science and engineering workforce 
have led to transformational innovations and 
spawned new industries. 
(3) While the traditional approach to invest-
ment in research has delivered myriad benefits to so-
ciety, a concerted effort is needed to ensure the ben-
efits of federally funded science and engineering are 
enjoyed by all Americans. 
(4) As countries around the world increase in-
vestments in research and STEM education, United 
States global leadership in science and engineering is 
eroding, posing significant risks to economic com-
petitiveness, national security, and public well-being. 
(5) To address major societal challenges and 
sustain United States leadership in innovation, the 
Federal Government must increase investments in 
research, broaden participation in the STEM work-
force, and bolster collaborations among universities,
286 
National Laboratories, field stations and marine lab-
oratories, companies, labor organizations, non-profit 
funders of research, local policymakers, civil societies 
and stakeholder communities, and international 
partners. 
SEC. 10302. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
(1) 
ACADEMIES.—The 
term 
‘‘Academies’’ 
means the National Academies of Sciences, Engi-
neering, and Medicine. 
(2) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.—The term ‘‘ar-
tificial intelligence’’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 5002 of the William M. (MAC) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021. 
(3) AWARDEE.—The term ‘‘awardee’’ means 
the legal entity to which Federal assistance is 
awarded and that is accountable to the Federal Gov-
ernment for the use of the funds provided. 
(4) BOARD.—The term ‘‘Board’’ means the Na-
tional Science Board. 
(5) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the National Science Foundation. 
(6) EMERGING RESEARCH INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘‘emerging research institution’’ means an in-
287 
stitution of higher education with an established un-
dergraduate student program that has, on average 
for 3 years prior to the time of application for an 
award, received less than $35,000,000 in Federal re-
search funding. 
(7) FEDERAL RESEARCH AGENCY.—The term 
‘‘Federal research agency’’ means any Federal agen-
cy with an annual extramural research expenditure 
of over $100,000,000. 
(8) FOUNDATION.—The term ‘‘Foundation’’ 
means the National Science Foundation. 
(9) HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE AND UNI-
VERSITY.—The term ‘‘historically Black college and 
university’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘part B 
institution’’ in section 322 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061). 
(10) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.— 
The term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 101(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)). 
(11) LABOR ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘labor 
organization’’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 2(5) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 
U.S.C. 152(5)), except that such term shall also in-
clude—
288 
(A) any organization composed of labor or-
ganizations, such as a labor union federation or 
a State or municipal labor body; and 
(B) any organization which would be in-
cluded in the definition for such term under 
such section 2(5) but for the fact that the orga-
nization represents— 
(i) individuals employed by the United 
States, any wholly owned Government cor-
poration, any Federal Reserve Bank, or 
any State or political subdivision thereof; 
(ii) individuals employed by persons 
subject to the Railway Labor Act (45 
U.S.C. 151 et seq.); or 
(iii) individuals employed as agricul-
tural laborers. 
(12) MINORITY-SERVING
INSTITUTION.—The 
term ‘‘minority-serving institution’’ means a His-
panic-serving institution, an Alaska Native-serving 
institution, a Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, a 
Predominantly Black Institution, an Asian American 
and Native American Pacific Islander-serving insti-
tution, or a Native American-serving nontribal insti-
tution as described in section 371 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
289 
(13) NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATION.—The term 
‘‘non-profit organization’’ means an organization 
which is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Inter-
nal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax 
under section 501(a) of such code. 
(14) NSF INCLUDES.—The term ‘‘NSF in-
cludes’’ means the initiative carried out under sec-
tion 10306(c). 
(15) PREK–12.—The term ‘‘preK–12’’ means 
pre-kindergarten through grade 12. 
(16) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AWARD.— 
The term ‘‘research and development award’’ means 
support provided to an individual or entity by a Fed-
eral research agency to carry out research and devel-
opment activities, which may include support in the 
form of a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or 
other such transaction. The term does not include a 
grant, contract, agreement or other transaction for 
the procurement of goods or services to meet the ad-
ministrative needs of a Federal research agency. 
(17) SKILLED
TECHNICAL
WORK.—The term 
‘‘skilled technical work’’ means an occupation that 
requires a high level of knowledge in a technical do-
main and does not require a bachelor’s degree for 
entry.
290 
(18) STEM.—The term ‘‘STEM’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 2 of the America 
COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 
U.S.C. 6621 note). 
(19) STEM EDUCATION.—The term ‘‘STEM 
education’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 
U.S.C. 6621 note). 
(20) TRIBAL COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.—The 
term ‘‘Tribal College or University’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 316 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c). 
SEC. 10303. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) FISCAL YEAR 2022.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Foundation $12,504,890,000 for 
fiscal year 2022. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $10,025,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out research and related 
activities, of which— 
(i) $55,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Mid-Scale Research 
Infrastructure Program; and
291 
(ii) $1,400,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions; 
(B) $1,583,160,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for education and human resources, 
of which— 
(i) $73,700,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Robert Noyce Teacher 
Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $59,500,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated 
for 
the 
NSF 
Research 
Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $416,300,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Graduate Research 
Fellowship Program; and 
(iv) $70,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Cybercorps Scholar-
ship for Service Program; 
(C) $249,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for major research equipment and 
facilities construction, of which $76,250,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
Research Infrastructure Program;
292 
(D) $620,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for agency operations and award 
management; 
(E) $4,620,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the National Science 
Board; and 
(F) $23,120,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the Inspector General. 
(b) FISCAL YEAR 2023.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Foundation $14,620,800,000 for 
fiscal year 2023. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $11,870,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out research and related 
activities, of which— 
(i) $60,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Mid-Scale Research 
Infrastructure Program; and 
(ii) $2,300,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions;
293 
(B) $1,654,520,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for education and human resources, 
of which— 
(i) $80,400,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Robert Noyce Teacher 
Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $64,910,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated 
for 
the 
NSF 
Research 
Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $454,140,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Graduate Research 
Fellowship Program; and 
(iv) $72,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Cybercorps Scholar-
ship for Service Program; 
(C) $355,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for major research equipment and 
facilities construction, of which $80,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $710,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for agency operations and award 
management;
294 
(E) $4,660,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the National Science 
Board; and 
(F) $26,610,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the Inspector General. 
(c) FISCAL YEAR 2024.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Foundation $15,945,020,000 for 
fiscal year 2024. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $13,050,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out research and related 
activities, of which— 
(i) $70,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Mid-Scale Research 
Infrastructure Program; and 
(ii) $2,900,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions; 
(B) $1,739,210,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for education and human resources, 
of which—
295 
(i) $87,100,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Robert Noyce Teacher 
Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $70,320,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated 
for 
the 
NSF 
Research 
Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $491,990,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Graduate Research 
Fellowship Program; and 
(iv) $78,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Cybercorps Scholar-
ship for Service Program; 
(C) $370,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for major research equipment and 
facilities construction, of which $85,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $750,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for agency operations and award 
management; 
(E) $4,700,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the National Science 
Board; and 
(F) $31,110,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the Inspector General.
296 
(d) FISCAL YEAR 2025.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Foundation $17,004,820,000 for 
fiscal year 2025. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $14,000,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out research and related 
activities, of which— 
(i) $75,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Mid-Scale Research 
Infrastructure Program; and 
(ii) $3,250,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions; 
(B) $1,823,470,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for education and human resources, 
of which— 
(i) $93,800,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Robert Noyce Teacher 
Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $75,730,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated 
for 
the 
NSF 
Research 
Traineeship Program;
297 
(iii) $529,830,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Graduate Research 
Fellowship Program; and 
(iv) $84,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Cybercorps Scholar-
ship for Service Program; 
(C) $372,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for major research equipment and 
facilities construction, of which $90,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $770,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for agency operations and award 
management; 
(E) $4,740,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the National Science 
Board; and 
(F) $34,610,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the Inspector General. 
(e) FISCAL YEAR 2026.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Foundation $17,939,490,000 for 
fiscal year 2026. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized under paragraph (1)—
298 
(A) $14,800,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out research and related 
activities, of which— 
(i) $80,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Mid-Scale Research 
Infrastructure Program; and 
(ii) $3,400,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions; 
(B) $1,921,600,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for education and human resources, 
of which— 
(i) $100,500,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Robert Noyce Teacher 
Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $81,140,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated 
for 
the 
NSF 
Research 
Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $567,680,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Graduate Research 
Fellowship Program; and 
(iv) $90,000,000 is authorized to be 
appropriated for the Cybercorps Scholar-
ship for Service Program;
299 
(C) $375,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for major research equipment and 
facilities construction, of which $100,000,000 is 
authorized to be appropriated for the Mid-Scale 
Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $800,000,000 is authorized to be ap-
propriated for agency operations and award 
management; 
(E) $4,780,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the National Science 
Board; and 
(F) $38,110,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Office of the Inspector General. 
SEC. 10304. STEM EDUCATION. 
(a) PREK–12 STEM EDUCATION.— 
(1) DECADAL SURVEY OF STEM EDUCATION RE-
SEARCH.—Not later than 45 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter into 
a contract with the Academies to review and assess 
the status and opportunities for PreK–12 STEM 
education research and make recommendations for 
research priorities over the next decade. 
(2) SCALING INNOVATIONS IN PREK–12 STEM 
EDUCATION.—
300 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall es-
tablish a program to award grants, on a com-
petitive basis, to institutions of higher edu-
cation or non-profit organizations (or consortia 
of such institutions or organizations) to estab-
lish no fewer than 3 multidisciplinary Centers 
for Transformative Education Research and 
Translation (in this section referred to as ‘‘Cen-
ters’’) to support research and development on 
widespread and sustained implementation of 
STEM education innovations. 
(B) APPLICATION.—An institution of high-
er education or non-profit organization (or a 
consortium of such institutions or organiza-
tions) seeking funding under subparagraph (A) 
shall submit an application to the Director at 
such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Director may require. The 
application shall include, at a minimum, a de-
scription of how the proposed Center will— 
(i) establish partnerships among aca-
demic institutions, local or State education 
agencies, and other relevant stakeholders 
in supporting programs and activities to 
facilitate the widespread and sustained im-
301 
plementation of promising, evidence-based 
STEM education practices, models, pro-
grams, curriculum, and technologies; 
(ii) support enhanced STEM edu-
cation 
infrastructure, 
including 
cyberlearning technologies, to facilitate the 
widespread adoption of promising, evi-
dence-based practices; 
(iii) support research and development 
on scaling practices, partnerships, and al-
ternative models to current approaches, in-
cluding approaches sensitive to the unique 
combinations of capabilities, resources, and 
needs of varying localities, educators, and 
learners; 
(iv) include a focus on the learning 
needs of under resourced schools and 
learners in low-resource or underachieving 
local education agencies in urban and rural 
communities and the development of high- 
quality curriculum that engages these 
learners in the knowledge and practices of 
STEM fields;
302 
(v) include a focus on the learning 
needs and unique challenges facing stu-
dents with disabilities; and 
(vi) support research and development 
on scaling practices and models to support 
and sustain highly-qualified STEM edu-
cators in urban and rural communities. 
(C) 
ADDITIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS.—In 
awarding a grant under this paragraph, the Di-
rector may also consider the extent to which the 
proposed Center will— 
(i) leverage existing collaborations, 
tools, and strategies supported by the 
Foundation, including NSF INCLUDES 
and the Convergence Accelerators; 
(ii) support research on and the devel-
opment and scaling of innovative ap-
proaches to distance learning and edu-
cation for various student populations; 
(iii) support education innovations 
that leverage new technologies or deepen 
understanding of the impact of technology 
on educational systems; and 
(iv) include a commitment from local 
or State education administrators to mak-
303 
ing the proposed reforms and activities a 
priority. 
(D) PARTNERSHIP.—In carrying out the 
program under subparagraph (A), the Director 
shall explore opportunities to partner with the 
Department of Education, including through 
jointly funding activities under this paragraph. 
(E) ANNUAL
MEETING.—The Director 
shall encourage and facilitate an annual meet-
ing of the Centers to foster collaboration among 
the Centers and to further disseminate the re-
sults of the Centers’ activities. 
(F) REPORT.—Not later than 5 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director 
shall submit to Congress a report describing the 
activities carried out pursuant to this para-
graph that includes— 
(i) a description of the focus and pro-
posed goals of each Center; and 
(ii) an assessment of the program’s 
success in helping to promote scalable solu-
tions in PreK–12 STEM education. 
(3) NATIONAL ACADEMIES STUDY.—Not later 
than 45 days after the date of enactment of this
304 
Act, the Director shall enter into an agreement with 
the Academies to conduct a study to— 
(A) review the research literature and iden-
tify research gaps regarding the interconnected 
factors that foster and hinder successful imple-
mentation of promising, evidence-based PreK– 
12 STEM education innovations at the local, 
regional, and national level; 
(B) present a compendium of promising, 
evidence-based PreK–12 STEM education prac-
tices, models, programs, and technologies; 
(C) identify barriers to widespread and 
sustained implementation of such innovations; 
and 
(D) make recommendations to the Founda-
tion, the Department of Education, the Na-
tional Science and Technology Council’s Com-
mittee on Science, Technology, Engineering, 
and Mathematics Education, State and local 
educational agencies, and other relevant stake-
holders on measures to address such barriers. 
(4) SUPPORTING PRE-K–8 INFORMAL STEM OP-
PORTUNITIES.—Section 3 of the STEM Education 
Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following:
305 
‘‘(c) PRE-K–8 INFORMAL STEM PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation shall provide grants to in-
stitutions of higher education or a non-profit organi-
zations (or a consortia of such intuitions or organi-
zation) on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis for re-
search on programming that engages students in 
grades PREK–8, including underrepresented and 
rural students, in STEM in order to prepare such 
students to pursue degrees or careers in STEM. 
‘‘(2) USE OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Grants awarded under 
this section shall be used toward research to ad-
vance the engagement of students, including 
underrepresented and rural students, in grades 
PREK–8 in STEM through providing before- 
school, after-school, out-of-school, or summer 
activities, including in single-gender environ-
ments or programming, that are designed to en-
courage interest, engagement, and skills devel-
opment for students in STEM. 
‘‘(B) PERMITTED ACTIVITIES.—The activi-
ties described in subparagraph (A) may in-
clude—
306 
‘‘(i) the provision of programming de-
scribed in such subparagraph for the pur-
pose of research described in such subpara-
graph; 
‘‘(ii) the use of a variety of engage-
ment methods, including cooperative and 
hands-on learning; 
‘‘(iii) exposure of students to role 
models in the fields of STEM and near- 
peer mentors; 
‘‘(iv) training of informal learning 
educators, youth-serving professionals, and 
volunteers who lead informal STEM pro-
grams in using evidence-based methods 
consistent with the target student popu-
lation being served; 
‘‘(v) education of students on the rel-
evance and significance of STEM careers, 
provision of academic advice and assist-
ance, and activities designed to help stu-
dents make real-world connections to 
STEM content; 
‘‘(vi) the attendance of students at 
events, competitions, and academic pro-
grams to provide content expertise and en-
307 
courage career exposure in STEM, which 
may include the purchase of parts and sup-
plies needed to participate in such competi-
tions; 
‘‘(vii) activities designed to engage 
parents and families of students in grades 
PREK–8 in STEM; 
‘‘(viii) innovative strategies to engage 
students, such as using leadership skills 
and outcome measures to impart youth 
with the confidence to pursue STEM 
coursework and academic study; 
‘‘(ix) coordination with STEM-rich 
environments, including other nonprofit, 
nongovernmental 
organizations, 
out-of- 
classroom settings, single-gender environ-
ments, institutions of higher education, vo-
cational facilities, corporations, museums, 
or science centers; and 
‘‘(x) the acquisition of instructional 
materials or technology-based tools to con-
duct applicable grant activity. 
‘‘(3) 
APPLICATION.—An 
applicant 
seeking 
funding under the section shall submit an applica-
tion at such time, in such manner, and containing
308 
such information as may be required. Applications 
that include or partner with a nonprofit, nongovern-
mental organization that has extensive experience 
and expertise in increasing the participation of stu-
dents in PREK–8 in STEM are encouraged. The 
application may include the following: 
‘‘(A) A description of the target audience 
to be served by the research activity or activi-
ties for which such funding is sought. 
‘‘(B) A description of the process for re-
cruitment and selection of students to partici-
pate in such activities. 
‘‘(C) A description of how such activity or 
activities may inform programming that en-
gages students in grades PREK–8 in STEM. 
‘‘(D) A description of how such activity or 
activities may inform programming that pro-
motes student academic achievement in STEM. 
‘‘(E) An evaluation plan that includes, at 
a minimum, the use of outcome-oriented meas-
ures to determine the impact and efficacy of 
programming being researched. 
‘‘(4) EVALUATIONS.—Each recipient of a grant 
under this section shall provide, at the conclusion of 
every year during which the grant funds are re-
309 
ceived, an evaluation in a form prescribed by the Di-
rector. 
‘‘(5) ACCOUNTABILITY AND DISSEMINATION.— 
‘‘(A) EVALUATION REQUIRED.—The Direc-
tor shall evaluate the activities established 
under this section. Such evaluation shall— 
‘‘(i) use a common set of benchmarks 
and tools to assess the results of research 
conducted under such grants; and 
‘‘(ii) to the extent practicable, inte-
grate the findings of the research resulting 
from the activity or activities funded 
through the grant with the current re-
search on serving students with respect to 
the pursuit of degrees or careers in STEM, 
including underrepresented and rural stu-
dents, in grades PREK–8. 
‘‘(B) REPORT
ON
EVALUATIONS.—Not 
later than 180 days after the completion of the 
evaluation under subparagraph (A), the Direc-
tor shall submit to Congress and make widely 
available to the public a report that includes— 
‘‘(i) the results of the evaluation; and 
‘‘(ii) any recommendations for admin-
istrative and legislative action that could
310 
optimize the effectiveness of the program 
under this section. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this sec-
tion, the Director shall, for purposes of enhancing 
program effectiveness and avoiding duplication of ac-
tivities, consult, cooperate, and coordinate with the 
programs and policies of other relevant Federal 
agencies.’’. 
(b) UNDERGRADUATE STEM EDUCATION.— 
(1) RESEARCH
ON
STEM
EDUCATION
AND 
WORKFORCE
NEEDS.—The Director shall award 
grants, on a competitive basis, to four-year institu-
tions of higher education or non-profit organizations 
(or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to 
support research and development activities to— 
(A) encourage greater collaboration and 
coordination between institutions of higher edu-
cation and industry to enhance education, foster 
hands-on learn experiences, and improve align-
ment with workforce needs; 
(B) understand the current composition of 
the STEM workforce and the factors that influ-
ence growth, retention, and development of that 
workforce;
311 
(C) increase the size, diversity, capability, 
and flexibility of the STEM workforce; and 
(D) increase dissemination and widespread 
adoption of effective practices in undergraduate 
education and workforce development. 
(2) ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGICAL
EDUCATION 
PROGRAM UPDATE.—Section 3(b) of the Scientific 
and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
1862i(b)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(b) NATIONAL
COORDINATION
NETWORK
FOR 
SCIENCE
AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION.—The Director 
shall award grants to institutions of higher education, 
non-profit organizations, and associate-degree granting 
colleges (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) 
to establish a network of centers for science and technical 
education. The centers shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate research, training, and edu-
cation activities funded by awards under subsection 
(a) and share information and best practices across 
the network of awardees; 
‘‘(2) serve as a national and regional clearing-
house and resource to communicate and coordinate 
research, training, and educational activities across 
disciplinary, organizational, geographic, and inter-
312 
national boundaries and disseminate best practices; 
and 
‘‘(3) develop national and regional partnerships 
between PreK–12 schools, two-year colleges, institu-
tions of higher education, workforce development 
programs, labor organizations, and industry to meet 
workforce needs.’’. 
(3) INNOVATIONS IN STEM EDUCATION AT COM-
MUNITY COLLEGES.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award grants on a merit-reviewed, competitive 
basis to institutions of higher education or non- 
profit organizations (or consortia of such insti-
tutions or organizations) to advance research on 
the nature of learning and teaching at commu-
nity colleges and to improve outcomes for stu-
dents who enter the workforce upon completion 
of their STEM degree or credential or transfer 
to 4-year institutions, including by— 
(i) examining how to scale up success-
ful programs at Community Colleges that 
are 
improving 
student 
outcomes 
in 
foundational STEM courses;
313 
(ii) supporting research on effective 
STEM teaching practices in community 
college settings; 
(iii) designing and developing new 
STEM curricula; 
(iv) providing STEM students with 
hands-on training and research experi-
ences, internships, and other experiential 
learning opportunities; 
(v) increasing access to high quality 
STEM 
education 
through 
new 
tech-
nologies; 
(vi) re-skilling or up-skilling incum-
bent workers for new STEM jobs; 
(vii) building STEM career and seam-
less transfer pathways; and 
(viii) developing novel mechanisms to 
identify and recruit talent into STEM pro-
grams, in particular talent from groups 
historically underrepresented in STEM. 
(B) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out ac-
tivities under this paragraph, the Director shall 
encourage applications to develop, enhance, or 
expand cooperative STEM education and train-
314 
ing partnerships between institutions of higher 
education, industry, and labor organizations. 
(4) IMPROVING ACCESS TO STEM EDUCATION 
AT CTE INSTITUTIONS.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
award grants, on a competitive basis, to institu-
tions 
of 
higher 
education 
(including 
postecondary vocational institutions) to support 
career and technical education in STEM and 
computer science related fields. 
(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall give pri-
ority to institutions that demonstrate effective 
strategies to recruit and provide career and 
technical education to veterans and members of 
the Armed Forces transitioning to the private 
sector workforce. 
(C) CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION 
DEFINED.—In this paragraph, the term ‘‘career 
and technical education’’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins 
Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 
(20 U.S.C. 2302). 
(5) 
COURSE-BASED
UNDERGRADUATE
RE-
SEARCH EXPERIENCES.—
315 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall 
carry out a 4-year pilot program under which 
the Director shall award grants, on a competi-
tive basis, to institutions of higher education 
and non-profit organizations (or consortia of 
such institutions or organizations) to establish 
a total of not fewer than five Centers to develop 
and scale up successful models for providing 
undergraduate students with hands-on, dis-
covery-based research courses. 
(B) USE OF FUNDS.—Grants made under 
this paragraph shall be used to— 
(i) develop, assess, and disseminate 
models for providing undergraduate stu-
dents with course-based research experi-
ences across STEM disciplines and edu-
cation levels; 
(ii) identify and address opportunities 
and challenges in facilitating implementa-
tion across a broad range of institution 
types, including minority-serving institu-
tions and community colleges; 
(iii) identify and develop best prac-
tices to address barriers for faculty, includ-
316 
ing institutional culture, resources, and in-
centive structures; 
(iv) identify and address factors that 
may facilitate or discourage participation 
by students from all backgrounds; 
(v) provide faculty with curriculum, 
professional development, training, net-
working opportunities, and other support 
to enable the development, adaptation, or 
expansion of a discovery-based research 
course; and 
(vi) collect data and carry out re-
search to evaluate the impacts of course- 
based undergraduate research experiences 
on the STEM workforce. 
(C) PARTNERSHIPS.—In making awards 
under this paragraph, the Director shall con-
sider the extent to which the proposed Center 
will establish partnerships among multiple types 
of academic institutions, including community 
colleges, emerging research institutions, histori-
cally Black colleges and universities, Tribal Col-
leges or Universities, and minority serving insti-
tutions, the private sector, and other relevant 
stakeholders in supporting programs and activi-
317 
ties to facilitate faculty training and the wide-
spread and sustained implementation of prom-
ising, evidence-based practices, models, pro-
grams, and curriculum. 
(D) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date on which the pilot program is 
completed, the Director shall submit to Con-
gress a report that includes— 
(i) an assessment, that includes feed-
back from the research community, of the 
effectiveness of the pilot program in in-
creasing the number, diversity, and work-
force readiness of STEM graduates; and 
(ii) if determined to be effective, a 
plan for permanent implementation of the 
pilot program. 
(c) ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING 
ACT.— 
(1) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.—Section 2 of the 
Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 
U.S.C. 1862h) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)— 
(i) in paragraph (3), by striking 
‘‘science, mathematics, and technology’’
318 
and inserting ‘‘science, technology, engi-
neering, and mathematics or STEM’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting 
‘‘educated’’ and before ‘‘trained’’; and 
(iii) in paragraph (5), by striking 
‘‘scientific and technical education and 
training’’ and inserting ‘‘STEM education 
and training’’; and 
(B) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in paragraph (2), by striking 
‘‘mathematics and science’’ and inserting 
‘‘STEM fields’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (4), by striking 
‘‘mathematics and science instruction’’ and 
inserting ‘‘STEM instruction’’. 
(2) MODERNIZING
REFERENCES
TO
STEM.— 
Section 3 of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology 
Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i) is amended— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION 
’’ and inserting ‘‘STEM EDUCATION’’; 
(B) in subsection (a)— 
(i) in the subsection heading, by strik-
ing ‘‘SCIENTIFIC
AND TECHNICAL EDU-
319 
CATION ’’ and inserting ‘‘STEM EDU-
CATION’’; 
(ii) in the matter preceding paragraph 
(1)— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘and education 
to prepare the skilled technical work-
force to meet workforce demands’’ be-
fore ‘‘, and to improve’’; 
(II) by striking ‘‘core education 
courses in science and mathematics’’ 
and inserting ‘‘core education courses 
in STEM fields’’; 
(III) by inserting ‘‘veterans and 
individuals engaged in’’ before ‘‘work 
in the home’’; and 
(IV) by inserting ‘‘and on build-
ing a pathway from secondary schools, 
to associate-degree-granting institu-
tions, to careers that require technical 
training’’ before ‘‘, and shall be de-
signed’’; 
(iii) in paragraph (1)— 
(I) by inserting ‘‘and study’’ 
after ‘‘development’’; and