quired by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and any 
other law; and 
(2) shall not be construed as affecting the valid-
ity of agreements for cooperation that are in effect 
on the date of the enactment of this Act. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGREEMENT FOR COOPERATION.—The term 
‘‘agreement for cooperation’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 11 b. of the Atomic Energy Act 
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014 b.). 
(2) ASSISTING
THE
NUCLEAR
PROGRAM
OF 
SYRIA.—The term ‘‘assisting the nuclear program of 
Syria’’ means the intentional transfer to Syria by a 
government, or by a person subject to the jurisdic-
tion of a government with the knowledge and acqui-
escence of such government, of goods, services, or 
technology listed on the Nuclear Suppliers Group 
Guidelines for the Export of Nuclear Material, 
Equipment and Technology (published by the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency as Information Cir-
cular INFCIRC/254/Rev. 3/Part 1, and subsequent 
revisions) or Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Re-
lated Dual-Use Equipment, Material, and Related 
Technology (published by the International Atomic 
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Energy Agency as Information Circular INFCIR/ 
254/Rev. 3/Part 2, and subsequent revisions). 
(3) COUNTRY
THAT
IS
ASSISTING
THE
NU-
CLEAR PROGRAM OF SYRIA OR TRANSFERRING AD-
VANCED CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS OR MISSILES TO 
SYRIA.—The term ‘‘country that is assisting the nu-
clear program of Syria or transferring advanced con-
ventional weapons or missiles to Syria’’ means any 
country determined by the President to be assisting 
the nuclear program of Syria or transferring ad-
vanced conventional weapons or missiles to Syria. 
(d) WAIVER.—The President may waive the applica-
tion of the sanctions described in subsection (a) if the 
President— 
(1) determines that such a waiver is vital to the 
national security of the United States; and 
(2) submits to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report describing the reasons for such 
determination. 
SEC. 304. EXCLUSION FROM THE UNITED STATES OF SEN-
IOR OFFICIALS OF FOREIGN PERSONS WHO 
HAVE AIDED THE NUCLEAR PROGRAM OF 
SYRIA. 
(a) GROUNDS FOR EXCLUSION.—Except as provided 
in subsection (b), the Secretary of State shall deny a visa 
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to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude 
from the United States, any alien whom the Secretary of 
State determines is an alien who, on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, is a— 
(1) person, agent, instrumentality, or official of, 
is affiliated with, or is serving as a representative of, 
the Government of Syria identified in a report sub-
mitted pursuant to section 2(a) of the Iran, North 
Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Act (Public Law 
106–178); 
(2) corporate officer, principal, or shareholder 
with a controlling interest of a foreign person identi-
fied in such a report; 
(3) corporate officer, principal, or shareholder 
with a controlling interest of a successor entity to, 
or a parent or subsidiary of, a foreign person identi-
fied in such a report; 
(4) corporate officer, principal, or shareholder 
with a controlling interest of an affiliate of a foreign 
person identified in such a report, if such affiliate 
engaged in the activities referred to in such report, 
and if such affiliate is controlled in fact by the for-
eign person identified in such report; 
(5) spouse, minor child, or agent of a person 
excludable under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4); 
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(6) senior official of a foreign government iden-
tified in such a report; 
(7) senior official of a foreign government with 
primary jurisdiction over a foreign person identified 
in such a report; or 
(8) spouse, minor child, or agent of a person 
excludable under paragraph (6) or (7). 
(b) EXCEPTION.—The President may waive the sanc-
tions described in subsection (a) with respect to a person 
specified in paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of such subsection 
if the President determines and certifies in writing to the 
appropriate congressional committees, on a case by case 
basis, that the foreign government with primary jurisdic-
tion over such person has made and continues to make 
clear, specific efforts to stop and deter the transfer or re-
transfer of, or the permitting, hosting, or other facilitating 
of transshipments that may enable the transfer or re-
transfer of, goods or technology that contribute to the ef-
forts by Syria, as the case may be, to acquire or develop 
advanced conventional weapons, or to acquire, develop, 
produce, or stockpile radiological or nuclear weapons. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In subsection (b): 
(1) TRANSFER.—The term ‘‘transfer’’ means 
the conveyance of technological or intellectual prop-
erty, or the conversion of intellectual or technological 
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advances into marketable goods, services, or articles 
of value, developed and generated in one place, to 
another through illegal or illicit means to a country, 
the government of which the Secretary of State has 
determined, for purposes of section 6(j)(1)(A) of the 
Export Administration Act of 1979 (as in effect pur-
suant to the International Emergency Economic 
Powers Act), section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con-
trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)), and section 620A of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2371), is a government that has repeatedly provided 
support for acts of international terrorism. 
(2) 
TRANSSHIPMENT.—The 
term 
‘‘trans-
shipment’’ means the export from one country to an-
other that passes through a third country, in which 
cargo is off-loaded and there is some change to con-
veyance. 
TITLE 
IV—DIPLOMATIC 
EF-
FORTS TO ISOLATE THE GOV-
ERNMENT OF SYRIA 
SEC. 401. SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO BILATERAL 
EFFORTS. 
It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of State 
shall ensure that United States diplomatic personnel 
abroad understand and, in their contacts with foreign offi-
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cials, are communicating the reasons for United States 
policy and sanctions against the Government of Syria, and 
are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effec-
tively with the Government of the United States in com-
pelling the Government of Syria to cease policies and ac-
tivities that threaten global peace and security. 
SEC. 402. OPPOSITION TO SYRIA’S MEMBERSHIP AND CAN-
DIDACY FOR LEADERSHIP POSTS IN UNITED 
NATIONS INSTITUTIONS. 
The President shall direct the United States Perma-
nent Representative to the United Nations, United Na-
tions organizations and entities, and United Nations-affili-
ated agencies and bodies, to continue to use the voice, 
vote, and influence of the United States to oppose Syria’s 
membership and candidacy for leadership posts in such 
institutions, and engage in diplomatic efforts to secure 
multilateral support for such efforts. 
SEC. 403. REPORT ON ASSISTANCE TO, AND COMMERCE 
WITH, SYRIA. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the 
President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on assistance to, and commerce with, 
Syria by other foreign countries during the preceding 12- 
month period. 
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(b) CONTENTS.—Each report required under sub-
section (a) shall, for the period covered by the report, con-
tain the following information, to the extent such informa-
tion is available: 
(1) A description of all bilateral assistance pro-
vided to Syria by other foreign countries, including 
humanitarian assistance. 
(2) A description of Syria’s commerce with 
other foreign countries, including an identification of 
Syria’s trading partners and the extent of such 
trade. 
(3) A description of the joint ventures com-
pleted, or under consideration, by foreign nationals, 
business firms, and persons involving facilities in 
Syria, including an identification of the location of 
the facilities involved and a description of the terms 
of agreement of the joint ventures and the names of 
the parties that are involved. 
(4) A determination of the amount of debt of 
the Government of Syria that is owed to each for-
eign country, including— 
(A) the amount of debt exchanged, for-
given, or reduced under the terms of each in-
vestment or operation in Syria involving foreign 
nationals; and 
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(B) the amount of debt owed to the foreign 
country that has been exchanged, forgiven, or 
reduced in return for a grant by the Govern-
ment of Syria of an equity interest in a prop-
erty, investment, or operation of the Govern-
ment of Syria or of a Syrian national. 
(5) A description of the steps taken to assure 
that raw materials and semifinished or finished 
goods produced by facilities in Syria involving for-
eign nationals do not enter the United States mar-
ket, either directly or through third countries or par-
ties. 
(6) An identification of countries and entities 
that provide, or have provided, arms or military sup-
plies from Syria or that otherwise have entered into 
agreements with Syria that could have a military ap-
plication, including— 
(A) a description of the military supplies, 
equipment, or other material sold, bartered, or 
exchanged between Syria and such countries; 
(B) a listing of the goods, services, credits, 
or other consideration received by Syria in ex-
change for military supplies, equipment, or ma-
terial; and 
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(C) the terms or conditions of any such 
agreement. 
(c) FORM.—The report submitted under subsection 
(a) shall be in unclassified form but may include a classi-
fied annex. 
TITLE V—ASSISTANCE TO 
SUPPORT DEMOCRACY IN SYRIA 
SEC. 501. DECLARATIONS OF POLICY. 
It shall be the policy of the United States to— 
(1) support independent human rights and pro- 
democracy forces in Syria to promote the emergence 
of a democratic government in Syria that will— 
(A) denounce and combat extremism; 
(B) verifiably dismantle its chemical, bio-
logical, radiological, and nuclear weapons pro-
grams and commit to combating the prolifera-
tion of such weapons; 
(C) respect the boundaries, sovereignty, 
and right to exist of its neighbors and live in 
peace and security with all the countries in the 
region; and 
(D) uphold and defend the human rights 
and civil liberties of its citizens; 
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(2) seek the adoption of a resolution by the 
Community of Democracies to promote the emer-
gence of a democratic government in Syria; and 
(3) seek the establishment of a consultative 
group between the United States and the European 
Union to promote the emergence of a democratic 
government in Syria. 
SEC. 502. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT A TRANSITION TO DE-
MOCRACY IN SYRIA. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to 
provide financial and political assistance (including the 
award of grants) to foreign and domestic individuals, orga-
nizations, and entities that support democracy and the 
promotion of democracy in Syria. Such assistance may in-
clude the award of grants to eligible independent pro-de-
mocracy radio and television broadcasting organizations 
that broadcast into Syria. 
(b) ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE.—Financial and 
political assistance under this section may be provided 
only to an individual, organization, or entity that— 
(1) officially opposes the use of violence and 
terrorism and has not been designated as a foreign 
terrorist organization under section 219(a) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a)) 
at any time during the preceding 4 years; 
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(2) advocates the adherence by Syria to non-
proliferation regimes for nuclear, chemical, and bio-
logical weapons and materiel; 
(3) is dedicated to democratic values and sup-
ports the adoption of a democratic form of Govern-
ment in Syria; 
(4) is dedicated to respect for human rights, in-
cluding the fundamental equality of women; 
(5) works to establish equality of opportunity 
for people; and 
(6) supports freedom of the press, freedom of 
speech, freedom of association, and freedom of reli-
gion. 
(c) FUNDING.—The President shall only provide as-
sistance to democracy promotion in Syria section using— 
(1) funds available to the Middle East Partner-
ship Initiative (MEPI), the Broader Middle East 
and North Africa Initiative, and the Human Rights 
and Democracy Fund; and 
(2) amounts made available pursuant to the au-
thorization of appropriations under subsection (f). 
(d) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 15 days before 
each obligation of assistance under this section, and in ac-
cordance with the procedures under section 634A of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2394–l), the 
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President shall notify the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. Such 
notification shall include, as practicable, the types of pro-
grams supported by such assistance and the recipients of 
such assistance. 
(e) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING DIPLOMATIC 
ASSISTANCE.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) contacts should be expanded with opposition 
groups in Syria that meet the criteria under sub-
section (b); 
(2) support for a transition to democracy in 
Syria should be expressed by United States rep-
resentatives and officials in all appropriate inter-
national fora; 
(3) efforts to bring a halt to the nuclear weap-
ons program of Syria, including steps to end the 
supply of nuclear, chemical or biological components, 
including short and intermediate-range missiles, and 
ballistic missile components or fuel to Syria, should 
be intensified; and 
(4) officials and representatives of the United 
States should— 
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(A) strongly and unequivocally support in-
digenous efforts in Syria calling for free, trans-
parent, and democratic elections; and 
(B) draw international attention to viola-
tions by the Government of Syria of human 
rights, freedom of religion, freedom of assem-
bly, and freedom of the press. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State 
such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. 
SEC. 503. CONDEMNATION OF SYRIAN HUMAN RIGHTS 
ABUSES. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It shall be the policy 
of the United States— 
(1) to condemn the consistent pattern of gross 
violations of internationally recognized human rights 
by the Government of Syria in all appropriate inter-
national fora; 
(2) to introduce and work toward the adoption 
of resolutions at appropriate United Nations fora 
which detail and condemn the dismal human rights 
record of Syria; 
(3) to support the people of Syria in their daily 
struggle for freedom, respect for human rights and 
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civil liberties, democratic self-governance, and the es-
tablishment of the rule of law; and 
(4) to reach out to dissidents, human rights ac-
tivists, and the nonviolent democratic opposition in 
Syria, and to assist them in their efforts. 
(b) ACTIONS
AT APPROPRIATE UNITED NATIONS 
FORA.—The President shall direct the United States Per-
manent Representative to the United Nations to take the 
necessary steps to secure support for the adoption of reso-
lutions at appropriate United Nations fora holding the 
Government of Syria accountable for its systematic viola-
tions of human rights of Syrian and Lebanese citizens and 
calling for the appointment of a United Nations Special 
Rapporteur to investigate such human rights violations. 
SEC. 504. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS ON CERTAIN PER-
SONS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR COMPLICIT IN 
HUMAN 
RIGHTS 
ABUSES 
COMMITTED 
AGAINST CITIZENS OF SYRIA OR THEIR FAM-
ILY MEMBERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose sanc-
tions described in subsection (c) with respect to each per-
son on the list required by subsection (b). 
(b) LIST OF PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 
OR COMPLICIT IN CERTAIN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES.— 
(1) LIST.— 
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(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
President shall transmit to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a list of persons who are 
officials of the Government of Syria, including 
the President, Members of the Cabinet, Mem-
bers of the Ministry of Defense, Members of the 
Ministry of the Interior, Members of the Gen-
eral Intelligence Directorate, Members of the 
Political Security Directorate, or any Member 
of the Syrian military or associated entities 
with the rank of brigadier general or above or 
the equivalent rank thereof, including members 
of paramilitary organizations, or persons acting 
on behalf of the Government of Syria. 
(B) CERTIFICATION.—The President shall 
impose on the persons specified in the list 
under subparagraph (A) the sanctions described 
in subsection (c). The President shall exempt 
any such person from such imposition if the 
President determines and certifies to the appro-
priate congressional committees that such per-
son, based on credible evidence, is not respon-
sible for or complicit in, or responsible for or-
dering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the 
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commission of serious human rights abuses 
against citizens of Syria or their family mem-
bers, regardless of whether such abuses oc-
curred in Syria. 
(2) FORM; PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.— 
(A) FORM.—The list required by para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified 
form but may contain a classified annex. 
(B) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The unclassi-
fied portion of the list required by paragraph 
(1) shall be made available to the public and 
posted on the Web site of the Department of 
the Treasury and the Department of State. 
(3) CONSIDERATION
OF
DATA
FROM
OTHER 
COUNTRIES
AND
NONGOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZA-
TIONS.—In preparing the list required by paragraph 
(1), the President shall consider credible data al-
ready obtained by other countries and nongovern-
mental organizations, including organizations in 
Syria, that monitor the human rights abuses of the 
Government of Syria. 
(c) SANCTIONS
DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de-
scribed in this subsection are ineligibility for a visa to 
enter the United States and sanctions pursuant to the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
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U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), including blocking of property and 
restrictions or prohibitions on financial transactions and 
the exportation and importation of property, subject to 
such regulations as the President may prescribe, including 
regulatory exceptions to permit the United States to com-
ply with the Agreement between the United Nations and 
the United States of America regarding the Headquarters 
of the United Nations, signed June 26, 1947, and entered 
into force November 21, 1947, and other applicable inter-
national obligations. 
(d) TERMINATION OF SANCTIONS.—The provisions of 
this section shall terminate on the date on which the Presi-
dent determines and certifies to the appropriate congres-
sional committees that the Government of Syria has— 
(1) unconditionally released all political pris-
oners; 
(2) ceased its practices of violence, unlawful de-
tention, torture, and abuse of citizens of Syria while 
engaging in peaceful political activity; 
(3) conducted a transparent investigation into 
the practices described in paragraph (2) and pros-
ecuted the individuals responsible for such violence, 
unlawful detention, torture, and abuse; and 
(4) made public commitments to, and is making 
demonstrable progress toward— 
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(A) establishing an independent judiciary; 
and 
(B) respecting the human rights and basic 
freedoms recognized in the Universal Declara-
tion of Human Rights. 
SEC. 505. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO 
THE 
TRANSFER 
OF 
GOODS 
OR 
TECH-
NOLOGIES TO SYRIA THAT MAY BE USED TO 
COMMIT HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. 
(a) INVESTIGATIONS; DETERMINATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (3), upon receiving credible information that 
a person may have engaged in an activity described 
in paragraph (2), the President shall initiate an in-
vestigation and, not later than 180 days after initi-
ating the investigation, make a determination with 
respect to whether that person engaged in that activ-
ity. 
(2) ACTIVITY DESCRIBED.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A person engages in an 
activity described in this subparagraph if the 
person, on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act— 
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(i) transfers, or facilitates the transfer 
of, goods or technologies described in sub-
paragraph (C) to Syria; or 
(ii) provides services with respect to 
goods or technologies described in subpara-
graph (C) after such goods or technologies 
are transferred to Syria. 
(B) APPLICABILITY
TO
CONTRACTS
AND 
OTHER AGREEMENTS.—A person engages in an 
activity described in subparagraph (A) without 
regard to whether or not the activity is carried 
out pursuant to a contract or other agreement 
entered into before, on, or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
(C) 
GOODS
OR
TECHNOLOGIES
DE-
SCRIBED.—Goods or technologies described in 
this subparagraph are— 
(i) firearms or ammunition (as those 
terms are defined in section 921 of title 
18, United States Code), accessories for 
firearms, rubber bullets, clubs, batons, po-
lice sticks, mace, stun grenades, tasers or 
other electroshock weapons, tear gas, water 
cannons, motorcycles, cranes, or surveil-
lance technology; 
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(ii) sensitive technology; and 
(iii) other goods or technologies that 
the President determines may be used by 
the Government of Syria to commit human 
rights abuses against the people of Syria. 
(3) SPECIAL
RULE
TO
ALLOW
FOR
TERMI-
NATION
OF
SANCTIONABLE
ACTIVITY.—The Presi-
dent shall not be required to initiate an investiga-
tion, and may terminate an investigation, under this 
subsection if the President certifies in writing to the 
appropriate congressional committees that— 
(A) the person whose activity was the basis 
for the investigation is no longer engaging in 
the activity or has taken significant verifiable 
steps toward stopping the activity; and 
(B) the President has received reliable as-
surances that the person will not knowingly en-
gage in an activity described in paragraph (2) 
in the future. 
(b) LIST.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall transmit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a list of 
each person the President determines has engaged in 
an activity described in subsection (a)(2)— 
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(A) not later than 210 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 
days thereafter; and 
(B) as new information becomes available. 
(2) FORM OF LIST.—The list required by para-
graph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but 
may contain a classified annex. 
(c) ASSET FREEZE.—The President shall freeze and 
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in 
property of a person on the list required by subsection (b) 
if such property and interests in property are in the 
United States, come within the United States, or are or 
come within the possession or control of a United States 
person. 
SEC. 
506. 
COMPREHENSIVE 
STRATEGY 
TO 
PROMOTE 
INTERNET FREEDOM AND ACCESS TO INFOR-
MATION IN SYRIA. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
of State shall submit to the Committees on Foreign Af-
fairs and Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
and the Committees on Foreign Relations and Appropria-
tions of the Senate a comprehensive strategy to— 
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emcdonald on DSK2BSOYB1PROD with BILLS
(1) help the people of Syria produce, access, 
and share information freely and safely via the 
Internet; 
(2) support the development of counter-censor-
ship technologies that enable the citizens of Syria to 
undertake Internet activities without interference 
from their government; 
(3) increase the capabilities and availability of 
secure mobile communications among human rights 
and democracy activists in Syria; 
(4) provide resources for digital safety training 
for media, unions, and academic and civil society or-
ganizations in Syria; 
(5) increase the amount of accurate Internet 
content in local languages in Syria; 
(6) increase emergency resources for the most 
vulnerable human rights advocates seeking to orga-
nize, share information, and support human rights 
in Syria; 
(7) expand surrogate radio, television, live 
stream, and social network communications inside 
Syria; 
(8) expand activities to safely assist and train 
human rights, civil society, and union activists in 
Syria to operate effectively and securely; 
VerDate Mar 15 2010 
21:46 Jun 08, 2011
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