(3) REIMBURSEMENT FOR EXPENSES.—Voting members of the panel 
who are not Federal employees shall be reimbursed for actual and rea-
sonable expenses incurred in the performance of such duties. 
(4) MEETINGS.—The panel shall meet on a biannual basis and, at 
any other time, at the call of the Chairman or upon the request of a 
majority of the voting members or of the Administrator. 
(5) POWERS.—The panel may exercise such powers as are reasonably 
necessary in order to carry out the duties enumerated in subsection (b). 
§ 40309. Availability of other Federal personnel and data 
Each department, agency, or other instrumentality of the Federal Govern-
ment that is engaged in or concerned with, or that has authority over, mat-
ters relating to space— 
(1) may, upon a written request from the Administrator, make avail-
able, on a reimbursable basis or otherwise, any personnel (with their 
consent and without prejudice to their position and rating), service, or 
facility which the Administrator considers necessary to carry out any 
provision of this chapter; 
(2) may, upon a written request from the Administrator, furnish any 
available data or other information which the Administrator considers 
necessary to carry out any provision of this chapter; and 
(3) may cooperate with the Administration. 
§ 40310. Designation or award to be on competitive basis 
The Administrator shall not under this chapter designate any space grant 
college or space grant regional consortium or award any fellowship, grant, 
or contract unless such designation or award is made in accordance with 
the competitive, merit-based review process employed by the Administration 
on October 30, 1987. 
§ 40311. Continuing emphasis 
The Administration shall continue its emphasis on the importance of edu-
cation to expand opportunities for Americans to understand and participate 
in the Administration’s aeronautics and space projects by supporting and 
enhancing science and engineering education, research, and public outreach 
efforts. 
CHAPTER 405—BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH IN SPACE 
Sec. 
40501.
Biomedical research joint working group. 
40502.
Biomedical research grants. 
40503.
Biomedical research fellowships. 
40504.
Establishment of electronic data archive. 
40505.
Establishment of emergency medical service telemedicine capability. 
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§ 40501. Biomedical research joint working group 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator and the Director of the Na-
tional Institutes of Health shall jointly establish a working group to coordi-
nate biomedical research activities in areas where a microgravity environ-
ment may contribute to significant progress in the understanding and treat-
ment of diseases and other medical conditions. The joint working group 
shall formulate joint and complementary programs in such areas of re-
search. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The joint working group shall include equal represen-
tation from the Administration and the National Institutes of Health, and 
shall include representation from National Institutes of Health councils, as 
selected by the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and from the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council. 
(c) ANNUAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SYMPOSIA.—The joint working 
group shall organize annual symposia on biomedical research described in 
subsection (a) under the joint sponsorship of the Administration and the 
National Institutes of Health. 
(d) ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—The joint working group shall 
report annually to Congress on its progress in carrying out this section. 
§ 40502. Biomedical research grants 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Administrator and the Director 
of the National Institutes of Health shall establish a joint program of bio-
medical research grants in areas described in section 40501(a) of this title, 
where such research requires access to a microgravity environment. Such 
program shall be consistent with actions taken by the joint working group 
under section 40501 of this title. 
(b) RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENTS.—The grants program 
established under subsection (a) shall annually issue joint research oppor-
tunity announcements under the sponsorship of the National Institutes of 
Health and the Administration. Responses to the announcements shall be 
evaluated by a peer review committee whose members shall be selected by 
the Director of the National Institutes of Health and the Administrator, 
and shall include individuals not employed by the Administration or the Na-
tional Institutes of Health. 
§ 40503. Biomedical research fellowships 
The Administrator and the Director of the National Institutes of Health 
shall create a joint program of graduate research fellowships in biomedical 
research described in section 40501(a) of this title. Fellowships under such 
program may provide for participation in approved research conferences and 
symposia. 
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§ 40504. Establishment of electronic data archive 
The Administrator shall create and maintain a national electronic data 
archive for biomedical research data obtained from space-based experiments. 
§ 40505. Establishment of emergency medical service tele-
medicine capability 
The Administrator, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency, the Director of the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, and 
the Surgeon General of the United States shall jointly create and maintain 
an international telemedicine satellite consultation capability to support 
emergency medical services in disaster-stricken areas. 
CHAPTER 407—ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY 
AIRCRAFT 
Sec. 
40701.
Research and development initiative. 
40702.
Additional research and development initiative. 
40703.
Research alignment. 
40704.
Research program on perceived impact of sonic booms. 
§ 40701. Research and development initiative 
The Administrator may establish an initiative with the objective of devel-
oping, and demonstrating in a relevant environment, technologies to enable 
the following commercial aircraft performance characteristics: 
(1) NOISE LEVELS.—Noise levels on takeoff and on airport approach 
and landing that do not exceed ambient noise levels in the absence of 
flight operations in the vicinity of airports from which such commercial 
aircraft would normally operate. 
(2) ENERGY CONSUMPTION.—Twenty-five percent reduction in the 
energy required for medium- to long-range flights, compared to aircraft 
in commercial service as of December 30, 2005. 
(3) EMISSIONS.—Nitrogen oxides on take-off and landing that are 
significantly reduced, without adversely affecting hydrocarbons and 
smoke, relative to aircraft in commercial service as of December 30, 
2005. 
§ 40702. Additional research and development initiative 
The Administrator shall establish an initiative involving the Administra-
tion, universities, industry, and other research organizations as appropriate, 
of research, development, and demonstration, in a relevant environment, of 
technologies to enable the following commercial aircraft performance charac-
teristics: 
(1) NOISE LEVELS.—Noise levels on takeoff and on airport approach 
and landing that do not exceed ambient noise levels in the absence of 
flight operations in the vicinity of airports from which such commercial 
aircraft would normally operate, without increasing energy consumption 
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or nitrogen oxide emissions compared to aircraft in commercial service 
as of October 15, 2008. 
(2) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.—Significant reductions in green-
house gas emissions compared to aircraft in commercial services as of 
October 15, 2008. 
§ 40703. Research alignment 
In addition to pursuing the research and development initiative described 
in section 40702 of this title, the Administrator shall, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable within available funding, align the fundamental aeronautics 
research program to address high priority technology challenges of the Na-
tional Academies’ Decadal Survey of Civil Aeronautics, and shall work to 
increase the degree of involvement of external organizations, and especially 
of universities, in the fundamental aeronautics research program. 
§ 40704. Research program on perceived impact of sonic 
booms 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator shall establish a cooperative 
research program with industry, including the conduct of flight demonstra-
tions in a relevant environment, to collect data on the perceived impact of 
sonic booms. The data could enable the promulgation of appropriate stand-
ards for overland commercial supersonic flight operations. 
(b) COORDINATION.—The Administrator shall ensure that sonic boom re-
search is coordinated as appropriate with the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration, and as appropriate make use of the expertise of 
the Partnership for Air Transportation Noise and Emissions Reduction 
Center of Excellence sponsored by the Administration and the Federal Avia-
tion Administration. 
CHAPTER 409—MISCELLANEOUS 
Sec. 
40901.
Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust Fund. 
40902.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Endeavor Teacher Fellowship Trust 
Fund. 
40903.
Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research—merit grant competition 
requirements. 
40904.
Microgravity research. 
40905.
Program to expand distance learning in rural underserved areas. 
40906.
Equal access to the Administration’s education programs. 
40907.
Museums. 
40908.
Continuation of certain education programs. 
40909.
Compliance with title IX of Education Amendments of 1972. 
§ 40901. Science, Space, and Technology Education Trust 
Fund 
There is appropriated, by transfer from funds appropriated in the De-
partment of Housing and Urban Development—Independent Agencies Ap-
propriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100–404, 102 Stat. 1014), for ‘‘Con-
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