H. R. 4346—75 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 
2027. 
‘‘SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR 
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred to in 
this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish and carry out a 
program, to be known as the ‘Quantum User Expansion for Science 
and Technology program’ or ‘QUEST program’, to encourage and 
facilitate access to United States quantum computing hardware 
and quantum computing clouds for research purposes— 
‘‘(1) to enhance the United States quantum research enter-
prise; 
‘‘(2) to educate the future quantum computing workforce; 
‘‘(3) to accelerate the advancement of United States 
quantum computing capabilities; and 
‘‘(4) to advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manu-
facturing processes, and associated simulations or modeling 
capabilities. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum 
Information Science of the National Science and Technology 
Council established under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic 
and Security Implications of Quantum Science; 
‘‘(2) provide researchers based within the United States 
with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing 
resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process; 
‘‘(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories, 
multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher edu-
cation, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that the 
Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national 
leadership on quantum computing related issues; 
‘‘(4) coordinate with private sector stakeholders, the user 
community, and interagency partners on program development 
and best management practices; and 
‘‘(5) to the extent practicable, balance user access to 
commercial prototypes available for use across a broad class 
of applications and Federal research prototypes that enable 
benchmarking a wider variety of early-stage devices. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of 
Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and
H. R. 4346—76 
‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
Centers. 
‘‘(d) SECURITY.—In carrying out the activities authorized by 
this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of 
the National Science Foundation and the Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security 
controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for 
the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities 
under this section— 
‘‘(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $31,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $33,075,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $34,728,750 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $36,465,188 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(B) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in 
section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public 
Law 115–368; 132 Stat. 5092) is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 402 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 403. Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure research and de-
velopment program. 
‘‘Sec. 404. Department of Energy quantum user expansion for science and tech-
nology program.’’. 
SEC. 10105. FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH. 
(a) FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH.—Section 307 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (2), by redesignating subparagraphs 
(A) and (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, and 
indenting appropriately; 
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subpara-
graphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appro-
priately; 
(C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
redesignated), by striking ‘‘As part of’’ and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds 
authorized to be appropriated under subsection (q), there is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
activities described in paragraph (1) $50,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2023 through 2027.’’; 
(2) in subsection (d)(3)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(q)’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection (d)’’ and inserting ‘‘this sub-
section’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘2025’’ and inserting ‘‘2027’’; 
(3) in subsection (e)(4)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(q)’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection (e)’’ and inserting ‘‘this sub-
section’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘2025’’ and inserting ‘‘2027’’; 
(4) in subsection (i)(10)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—
H. R. 4346—77 
(i) by striking ‘‘(o)’’ and inserting ‘‘(q)’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘subsection (i)’’ and inserting ‘‘this 
subsection’’; 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(F) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(G) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’; 
(5) by striking subsection (j) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(j) FUSION REACTOR SYSTEM DESIGN.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, 
and Innovation Act, the Director shall establish not less than 
2 national teams described in paragraph (2) that shall— 
‘‘(A) develop conceptual pilot plant designs and tech-
nology roadmaps; and 
‘‘(B) create an engineering design of a pilot plant that 
will bring fusion to commercial viability. 
‘‘(2) NATIONAL TEAMS.—A national team referred to in para-
graph (1) shall— 
‘‘(A) be composed of developers, manufacturers, univer-
sities, National Laboratories, and representatives of the 
engineering, procurement, and construction industries; and 
‘‘(B) include public-private partnerships. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the funds 
authorized to be appropriated for Fusion Energy Sciences in 
a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this subsection— 
‘‘(A) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(B) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(C) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(D) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(E) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’; 
(6) by redesignating subsection (o) as subsection (r); 
(7) by inserting after subsection (n) the following: 
‘‘(o) 
HIGH-PERFORMANCE
COMPUTATION
COLLABORATIVE 
RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a program 
to conduct and support collaborative research, development, 
and demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high- 
performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, 
in order— 
‘‘(A) to support fundamental research in plasmas and 
matter at very high temperatures and densities; 
‘‘(B) to inform the development of a broad range of 
fusion energy systems; and 
‘‘(C) to facilitate the translation of research results 
in fusion energy science to industry. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the program under 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant 
Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives: 
‘‘(A) To use expertise from the private sector, institu-
tions of higher education, and the National Laboratories 
to leverage existing, and develop new, computational soft-
ware and capabilities that prospective users may use to
H. R. 4346—78 
accelerate research and development of fusion energy sys-
tems. 
‘‘(B) To develop computational tools to simulate and 
predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be vali-
dated through physical experimentation. 
‘‘(C) To increase the utility of the research infrastruc-
ture of the Department by coordinating with the Advanced 
Scientific Computing Research program within the Office 
of Science. 
‘‘(D) To leverage experience from existing modeling 
and simulation entities sponsored by the Department. 
‘‘(E) To ensure that new experimental and computa-
tional tools are accessible to relevant research communities, 
including private sector entities engaged in fusion energy 
technology development. 
‘‘(F) To ensure that newly developed computational 
tools are compatible with modern virtual engineering and 
visualization capabilities to accelerate the realization of 
fusion energy technologies and systems. 
‘‘(3) 
DUPLICATION.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
ensure 
the 
coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the activi-
ties of the program under paragraph (1) with the activities 
of— 
‘‘(A) other research entities of the Department, 
including 
the 
National 
Laboratories, 
the 
Advanced 
Research Projects Agency—Energy, and the Advanced Sci-
entific Computing Research program within the Office of 
Science; and 
‘‘(B) industry. 
‘‘(4) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FOR FUSION INNOVA-
TION CENTER.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program under 
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall, in coordination with 
the Innovation Network for Fusion Energy, establish and 
operate a national High-Performance Computing for Fusion 
Innovation Center (referred to in this paragraph as the 
‘Center’), to support the program under paragraph (1) by 
providing, to the extent practicable, a centralized entity 
for multidisciplinary, collaborative, fusion energy research 
and development through high-performance computing and 
advanced data analytics technologies and processes. 
‘‘(B) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—An entity eligible to serve 
as the Center shall be— 
‘‘(i) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(ii) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(iii) a multi-institutional collaboration; or 
‘‘(iv) any other entity that the Secretary deter-
mines to be appropriate. 
‘‘(C) APPLICATION; SELECTION.— 
‘‘(i) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to serve as the 
Center, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary 
an application at such time, in such manner, and con-
taining such information as the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(ii) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall select the 
Center on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
H. R. 4346—79 
‘‘(D) EXISTING
ACTIVITIES.—The Center may incor-
porate existing research activities that are consistent with 
the program under paragraph (1). 
‘‘(E) PRIORITIES.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Center shall prioritize 
activities that utilize expertise and infrastructure from 
a balance among the private sector, institutions of 
higher education, and the National Laboratories to 
enhance existing computation tools and develop new 
computational software and capabilities to accelerate 
the commercial application of fusion energy systems. 
‘‘(ii) MAINTENANCE OF RESOURCE AVAILABILITY.— 
The Secretary may enter into contracts with commer-
cial cloud computing providers to ensure that resource 
availability within the Department is not reduced or 
disproportionately distributed as a result of Center 
activities. 
‘‘(F) DURATION.—Subject to subparagraph (G), the 
Center shall receive support for a period of not more than 
5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(G) RENEWAL.—On the expiration of the period of 
support of the Center under subparagraph (F), the Sec-
retary may renew support for the Center, on a merit- 
reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(p) MATERIAL PLASMA EXPOSURE EXPERIMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall construct a Material 
Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 
publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee entitled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. 
The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions 
of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Fed-
eral agencies to ensure that the facility is capable of meeting 
Federal research needs for steady state, high-heat-flux, and 
plasma-material interaction testing of fusion materials over 
a range of fusion energy relevant parameters. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall ensure 
that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide the 
following capabilities: 
‘‘(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla. 
‘‘(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m2. 
‘‘(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated plasma 
facing material samples to plasma. 
‘‘(3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject 
to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs 
before December 31, 2027. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Of the funds authorized to be appropriated 
for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary for the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences 
to complete construction of the facility described in paragraph 
(1)— 
‘‘(A) $21,895,000 for fiscal year 2023; and 
‘‘(B) $3,800,000 for fiscal year 2024. 
‘‘(q) MATTER IN EXTREME CONDITIONS INSTRUMENT UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide for the 
upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at 
the Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020
H. R. 4346—80 
publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee entitled ‘Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas’. 
The Secretary shall consult with the private sector, institutions 
of higher education, National Laboratories, and relevant Fed-
eral agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting 
Federal research needs for understanding physical and chemical 
changes to plasmas at fundamental timescales, and explore 
new regimes of dense material physics, astrophysics, planetary 
physics, and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions. 
‘‘(2) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject 
to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
full operations of the facility described in paragraph (1) occurs 
before December 31, 2028.’’; and 
(8) in subsection (r) (as so redesignated)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘There’’ and inserting ‘‘Out of funds 
authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
in a fiscal year, there’’; and 
(B) by striking paragraphs (3) through (5) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(3) $1,025,500,400 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $1,043,489,724 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(5) $1,053,266,107 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(6) $1,047,962,074 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(7) $1,114,187,798 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
(b) ITER CONSTRUCTION.—Section 972(c)(3) of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16312(c)(3)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
and 
(2) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) $379,700,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $419,250,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(D) $415,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(E) $370,500,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(F) $411,078,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
SEC. 10106. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Section 305 of the Department of Energy 
Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) as sub-
sections (d) through (f), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following: 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized under sec-
tion 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139), the Director shall carry out a research program in elementary 
particle physics and advanced technology research and development 
to improve the understanding of the fundamental properties of 
the universe, including constituents of matter and energy and the 
nature of space and time. 
‘‘(c) HIGH ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH.—As part of the pro-
gram described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out 
research using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors, 
including accelerators and detectors that will function as national 
user facilities, to create and study interactions of elementary par-
ticles and investigate fundamental forces.’’. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION.—Section 305 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
H. R. 4346—81 
18643) is amended by striking subsection (d) (as redesignated by 
subsection (a)(1)) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(d) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The Director shall— 
‘‘(1) as practicable and in coordination with other appro-
priate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of 
United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator 
facilities and research capabilities in the world, including the 
Large Hadron Collider; 
‘‘(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to lever-
age United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, 
and prioritize expanding international partnerships and invest-
ments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Under-
ground Neutrino Experiment; and 
‘‘(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engage-
ment in collaborative efforts in support of future international 
facilities that would provide access to the most advanced accel-
erator facilities in the world to United States researchers.’’. 
(c) COSMIC FRONTIER RESEARCH.—Section 305 of the Depart-
ment of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) 
is amended by striking subsection (f) (as redesignated by subsection 
(a)(1)) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(f) COSMIC FRONTIER RESEARCH.—The Director shall carry out 
research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the 
universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. 
These activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be con-
sistent with the research priorities identified by the High Energy 
Physics Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and 
may include— 
‘‘(1) collaborations with the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, the National Science Foundation, or inter-
national partners on relevant projects; and 
‘‘(2) the development of space-based, land-based, water- 
based, and underground facilities and experiments.’’. 
(d) FURTHER ACTIVITIES.—Section 305 of the Department of 
Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) (as amended 
by subsection (c)), is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(g) FACILITY CONSTRUCTION
AND MAJOR ITEMS
OF EQUIP-
MENT.— 
‘‘(1) PROJECTS.—Consistent with the Office of Science’s 
project management practices, the Director shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and 
recommendations 
of 
the 
2014 
Particle 
Physics 
Project 
Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled ‘Building for Discovery’, 
support construction or fabrication of— 
‘‘(A) an international Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility 
based in the United States; 
‘‘(B) the Proton Improvement Plan II; 
‘‘(C) Second Generation Dark Matter experiments; 
‘‘(D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera; 
‘‘(E) upgrades to detectors and other components of 
the Large Hadron Collider; and 
‘‘(F) the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project; 
and 
‘‘(G) other high priority projects recommended in the 
most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory 
Panel.
H. R. 4346—82 
‘‘(2) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
support 
construction of a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facili-
tate the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experi-
ment to examine the fundamental properties of neutrinos, 
explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better 
clarify the existence and nature of antimatter. 
‘‘(B) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall 
ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will 
provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities: 
‘‘(i) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 
1.2 megawatts of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 
megawatts of beam power. 
‘‘(ii) 3 caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton fiducial 
detector mass and supporting surface buildings and 
utilities. 
‘‘(iii) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino detec-
tors. 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the facility described in subpara-
graph (A) occurs before December 31, 2031. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction 
of the project described in subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $255,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(v) $305,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(3) PROTON IMPROVEMENT PLAN–II ACCELERATOR UPGRADE 
PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
Secretary 
shall 
support 
construction of the Proton Improvement Plan II, an upgrade 
to the Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014 
Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report 
entitled ‘Building for Discovery’, to provide the world’s 
most intense beam of neutrinos to the international Long 
Baseline Neutrino Facility and to carry out a broad range 
of future high energy physics experiments. The Secretary 
shall work with international partners to enable further 
significant contributions to the capabilities of that project. 
‘‘(B) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall 
ensure that the facility described in subparagraph (A) will 
provide, at a minimum, the following capabilities: 
‘‘(i) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt super-
conducting linear accelerator. 
‘‘(ii) Proton beam power of 1.2 megawatts at the 
start of LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 megawatts 
of beam power. 
‘‘(iii) A flexible design to enable high power beam 
delivery to multiple users simultaneously and cus-
tomized beams tailored to specific scientific needs. 
‘‘(iv) Sustained high reliability operation of the 
Fermilab accelerator complex.
H. R. 4346—83 
‘‘(C) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the facility described in subpara-
graph (A) occurs before December 31, 2028. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction 
of the facility described in subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(v) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(4) COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND STAGE 4.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in partnership with 
the Director of the National Science Foundation, shall sup-
port construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background 
Stage 4 project to survey the cosmic microwave background 
to test theories of cosmic inflation as described in the 
2014 Particle Physics Prioritization Panel (P5) report enti-
tled ‘Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle 
Physics in the Global Context.’. 
‘‘(B) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult with 
the private sector, institutions of higher education, 
National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to 
ensure that the project described in subparagraph (A) is 
capable of meeting Federal research needs in accessing 
the ultra-high energy physics of inflation and important 
neutrino properties. 
‘‘(C) EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary shall 
ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility 
described in subparagraph (A) will provide, at a minimum, 
500,000 superconducting detectors deployed on an array 
of millimeter-wave telescopes with the required range in 
frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed that will provide 
sufficient capability to enable an order of magnitude 
advance in observations of the Cosmic Microwave Back-
ground, delivering transformative discoveries in funda-
mental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. 
‘‘(D) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, sub-
ject to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the 
start of full operations of the facility described in subpara-
graph (A) occurs before December 31, 2030. 
‘‘(E) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated under subsection (k), there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out construction 
of the facility described in subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(iii) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(iv) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(v) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(h) ACCELERATOR
AND DETECTOR UPGRADES.—The Director 
shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and 
appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and 
improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority 
particle physics research programs. In carrying out facility
H. R. 4346—84 
upgrades, the Director shall continue to work with international 
partners, when appropriate and in the United States’ interest, 
to leverage investments and expertise in critical technologies to 
help build and upgrade accelerator and detector facilities in the 
United States. 
‘‘(i) ACCELERATOR
AND DETECTOR RESEARCH
AND DEVELOP-
MENT.—As part of the program described in subsection (b), the 
Director shall carry out research and development in particle beam 
physics, accelerator science and technology, and particle and radi-
ation detection with relevance to the specific needs of the High 
Energy Physics program, in coordination with the Accelerator 
Research and Development program authorized under section 310. 
‘‘(j) UNDERGROUND SCIENCE.—The Director shall— 
‘‘(1) support an underground science program consistent 
with the missions of the Department and the scientific needs 
of the High Energy Physics program, including those articulated 
in the most recent report of the Particle Physics Project 
Prioritization Panel of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 
that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science 
and engineering facilities; 
‘‘(2) carry out a competitive grant program to award sci-
entists and engineers at institutions of higher education, non-
profit institutions, and National Laboratories to conduct 
research in underground science and engineering; and 
‘‘(3) submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on 
the inventory of underground mines in the United States that 
may be suitable for future development of underground science 
and engineering facilities and any anticipated challenges associ-
ated with repurposing, repair, facility siting, or construction. 
‘‘(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $1,159,520,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $1,289,891,200 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,428,284,672 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,499,881,752 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,554,874,657 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
SEC. 10107. NUCLEAR PHYSICS PROGRAM. 
Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innova-
tion Act (Public Law 115–246; 132 Stat. 3150) is amended to read 
as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 308. NUCLEAR PHYSICS. 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the activities authorized under sec-
tion 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
7139), the Director shall carry out a research program, and support 
relevant facilities, to discover and understand various forms of 
nuclear matter. 
‘‘(b) ELECTRON ION COLLIDER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support construction 
of an Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Long 
Range Plan of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee and 
the report from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, 
and Medicine entitled ‘An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-
H. R. 4346—85 
Ion Collider Science’, in order to measure the internal structure 
of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental ques-
tions about the nature of visible matter. 
‘‘(2) FACILITY CAPABILITY.—The Secretary shall ensure that 
the facility described in paragraph (1) meets the requirements 
in the 2015 Long Range Plan described in that paragraph, 
including— 
‘‘(A) at least 70 percent polarized beams of electrons 
and light ions; 
‘‘(B) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable 
nuclei; 
‘‘(C) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 
GeV; 
‘‘(D) high collision luminosity of 1033–34cm-2s-1; and 
‘‘(E) the possibility of more than 1 interaction region. 
‘‘(3) START OF OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall, subject 
to the availability of appropriations, ensure that the start of 
full operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before 
December 31, 2030. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
under subsection (c), there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary to carry out construction of the facility under 
this subsection— 
‘‘(A) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(B) $181,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(C) $219,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(D) $297,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(E) $301,000,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of funds author-
ized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $840,480,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $976,508,800 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $1,062,239,328 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $1,190,833,688 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $1,248,463,709 for fiscal year 2027.’’. 
SEC. 10108. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM. 
Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innova-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(c) APPROACH.—In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Director shall use all available approaches and mechanisms, 
as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, including— 
‘‘(1) capital line items; 
‘‘(2) minor construction projects; 
‘‘(3) energy savings performance contracts; 
‘‘(4) utility energy service contracts; 
‘‘(5) alternative financing; and 
‘‘(6) expense funding. 
‘‘(d) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—For each fiscal year through 
fiscal year 2027, at the same time as the annual budget submission 
of the President, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Appropriations and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House
H. R. 4346—109 
U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 278l) (of which $26,000,000 is 
authorized to maintain, update, and support Federal 
coordination of State supply chain databases maintained 
by the Centers (as such term is defined in such section 
25 of such Act)) and $209,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Manufacturing USA Program under section 
34 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
(e) FISCAL YEAR 2027.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Commerce $2,283,360,000 for the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2027. 
(2) SPECIFIC ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized by 
paragraph (1)— 
(A) $1,283,360,000 is authorized for scientific and tech-
nical research and services laboratory activities; 
(B) $200,000,000 is authorized for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, of which $80,000,000 is author-
ized to be appropriated for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, 
and Major Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastruc-
ture; and 
(C) $800,000,000 is authorized for industrial technology 
services activities, of which $550,000,000 is authorized to 
be appropriated for the Manufacturing Extension Partner-
ship program under sections 25, 25A, and 26 of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278k, 278k-1, and 23 278l) (of which $26,000,000 
is authorized to maintain, update, and support Federal 
coordination of State supply chain databases maintained 
by the Centers (as such term is defined in such section 
25 of such Act)) and $250,000,000 is authorized to be appro-
priated for the Manufacturing USA Program under section 
34 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278s). 
Subtitle B—Measurement Research 
SEC. 10221. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY AND BIOMETROLOGY. 
(a) IN
GENERAL.—The Director, in coordination with the 
National Engineering Biology Research and Development Initiative 
established pursuant to title IV, shall— 
(1) support basic measurement science and technology 
research for engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and bio-
metrology to advance— 
(A) measurement technologies to support foundational 
understanding of the mechanisms of conversion of DNA 
information into cellular function; 
(B) technologies for measurement of such biomolecular 
components and related systems; 
(C) new data tools, techniques, and processes to 
improve engineering biology, biomanufacturing, and bio-
metrology research; and 
(D) other areas of measurement science and technology 
research determined by the Director to be critical to the 
development and deployment of engineering biology, bio-
manufacturing and biometrology;
H. R. 4346—144 
(v) $900,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for 
fellowships, 
traineeships, 
and 
scholarships 
described in section 10393; 
(C) $370,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
major research equipment and facilities construction, of 
which $85,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $750,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
agency operations and award management; 
(E) $5,560,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the National Science Board; and 
(F) $31,110,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the Inspector General. 
(d) FISCAL YEAR 2026.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Foundation $17,832,420,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized 
under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $13,800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out research and related activities, of which— 
(i) $75,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; 
and 
(ii) $3,800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
Partnerships; 
(B) $2,850,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for STEM education, of which— 
(i) $93,800,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $75,730,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the NSF Research Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $529,830,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Graduate Research Fellowship Program; 
(iv) $84,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; 
and 
(v) $950,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for 
fellowships, 
traineeships, 
and 
scholarships 
described in section 10393; 
(C) $372,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
major research equipment and facilities construction, of 
which $90,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $770,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
agency operations and award management; 
(E) $5,810,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the National Science Board; and 
(F) $34,610,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the Inspector General. 
(e) FISCAL YEAR 2027.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Foundation $18,919,180,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
(2) SPECIFIC
ALLOCATIONS.—Of the amount authorized 
under paragraph (1)— 
(A) $14,700,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out research and related activities, of which—
H. R. 4346—145 
(i) $80,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; 
and 
(ii) $4,100,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Directorate for Technology, Innovation, and 
Partnerships; 
(B) $3,000,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for STEM education, of which— 
(i) $100,500,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program; 
(ii) $81,140,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the NSF Research Traineeship Program; 
(iii) $567,680,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Graduate Research Fellowship Program; 
(iv) $90,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for the Cybercorps Scholarship for Service Program; 
and 
(v) $1,000,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated 
for 
fellowships, 
traineeships, 
and 
scholarships 
described in section 10393; 
(C) $375,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
major research equipment and facilities construction, of 
which $100,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure Program; 
(D) $800,000,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
agency operations and award management; 
(E) $6,070,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the National Science Board; and 
(F) $38,110,000 is authorized to be appropriated for 
the Office of the Inspector General. 
Subtitle B—STEM Education 
SEC. 10311. PREK–12 STEM EDUCATION. 
(a) NATIONAL ACADEMIES STUDY.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall enter 
into an agreement with the National Academies to conduct a study 
to— 
(1) review the research literature and identify research 
gaps regarding the interconnected factors that foster and hinder 
successful implementation of promising, evidence-based PreK– 
12 STEM education innovations at the local, regional, and 
national level; 
(2) present a compendium of promising, evidence-based 
PreK–12 STEM education practices, models, programs, and 
technologies; 
(3) 
identify 
barriers 
to 
widespread 
and 
sustained 
implementation of such innovations; and 
(4) make recommendations to the Foundation, the Depart-
ment of Education, the National Science and Technology Coun-
cil’s Committee on Science, Technology, Engineering, and 
Mathematics Education, State and local educational agencies, 
and other relevant stakeholders on measures to address such 
barriers.
H. R. 4346—309 
(ii) by striking ‘‘developed’’ and inserting ‘‘and 
coastal acidification developed’’; and 
(iii) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
‘‘and coastal acidification; and’’. 
(4) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘until 2032’’ after ‘‘every 2 years 
thereafter’’; 
(ii) by inserting ‘‘, and to the Office of Management 
and Budget,’’ after ‘‘House of Representatives’’; and 
(iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘the inter-
agency research’’ and inserting ‘‘interagency strategic 
research’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘until 2031’’ after 
‘‘at least once every 5 years’’; and 
(C) in paragraph (4), by inserting ‘‘until 2032’’ after 
‘‘and every 6 years thereafter’’; 
(5) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e); and 
(6) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: 
‘‘(c) ADVISORY BOARD.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Chair of the Subcommittee shall 
establish an Ocean Acidification Advisory Board. 
‘‘(2) DUTIES.—The Advisory Board shall— 
‘‘(A) maintain a process for reviewing and making rec-
ommendations to the Subcommittee on— 
‘‘(i) the biennial report specified in subsection 
(d)(2); and 
‘‘(ii) the strategic research plan in subsection (d)(3); 
‘‘(B) provide ongoing advice to the Subcommittee and 
the interagency working group on matters related to Fed-
eral activities on ocean and coastal acidification, including 
impacts and mitigation of ocean and coastal acidification; 
and 
‘‘(C) advise the Subcommittee and the interagency 
working group on— 
‘‘(i) efforts to coordinate research and monitoring 
activities related to ocean acidification and coastal 
acidification; and 
‘‘(ii) the best practices for the standards developed 
for data archiving under section 12406(d). 
‘‘(3) MEMBERSHIP.—The Advisory Board shall consist of 
25 members as follows: 
‘‘(A) Two representatives of the shellfish, lobster, or 
crab industry. 
‘‘(B) One representative of the finfish industry. 
‘‘(C) One representative of seafood processors. 
‘‘(D) Three representatives from academia, including 
both natural and social sciences. 
‘‘(E) One representative of recreational fishing. 
‘‘(F) One representative of a relevant nongovernmental 
organization. 
‘‘(G) Six representatives from relevant State and local 
governments with policy or regulatory authorities related 
to ocean acidification and coastal acidification. 
‘‘(H) One representative from the Alaska Ocean Acidifi-
cation Network or a subsequent entity that represents the 
same geographical region and has a similar purpose.
H. R. 4346—310 
‘‘(I) One representative from the California Current 
Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that rep-
resents the same geographical region and has a similar 
purpose. 
‘‘(J) One representative from the Northeast Coastal 
Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that rep-
resents the same geographical region and has a similar 
purpose. 
‘‘(K) One representative from the Southeast Coastal 
Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that rep-
resents the same geographical region and has a similar 
purpose. 
‘‘(L) One representative from the Gulf of Mexico 
Coastal Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that 
represents the same geographical region and has a similar 
purpose. 
‘‘(M) One representative from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal 
Acidification Network or a subsequent entity that rep-
resents the same geographical region and has a similar 
purpose. 
‘‘(N) One representative from the Pacific Islands Ocean 
Observing System or a subsequent entity that represents 
the island territories and possessions of the United States 
in the Pacific Ocean, and the State of Hawaii and has 
a similar purpose. 
‘‘(O) One representative from the Caribbean Regional 
Association for Coastal Ocean Observing or a subsequent 
entity that represents Puerto Rico and the United States 
Virgin Islands and has a similar purpose. 
‘‘(P) One representative from the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration Olympic Coast Ocean Acidifi-
cation Sentinel Site or a subsequent entity that represents 
the same geographical representation. 
‘‘(Q) One representative from the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration shall serve as an ex-officio 
member of the Advisory Board without a vote. 
‘‘(4) APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS.—The Chair of the Sub-
committee shall— 
‘‘(A) appoint members to the Advisory Board (taking 
into account the geographical interests of each individual 
to be appointed as a member of the Advisory Board to 
ensure that an appropriate balance of geographical 
interests are represented by the members of the Advisory 
Board) who— 
‘‘(i) represent the interest group for which each 
seat is designated; 
‘‘(ii) demonstrate expertise on ocean acidification 
or coastal acidification and its scientific, economic, 
industry, cultural, and community impacts; and 
‘‘(iii) have a record of distinguished service with 
respect to ocean acidification or coastal acidification, 
and such impacts; 
‘‘(B) give consideration to nominations and rec-
ommendations from the members of the interagency 
working group and the public for such appointments; and
H. R. 4346—316 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
‘‘its impacts’’ and inserting ‘‘their respective impacts’’; 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and its impacts’’ 
and inserting ‘‘and their respective impacts’’; 
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) adaptation and mitigation strategies to address socio-
economic effects of ocean acidification and coastal acidification.’’; 
and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT.—Recipients of grants from the National 
Science Foundation under this subtitle that collect data described 
under section 12406(d) shall— 
‘‘(1) collect data in accordance with the standards, protocols, 
or procedures established pursuant to section 12406(d); and 
‘‘(2) submit such data to the Director and the Secretary 
after publication, in accordance with any rules promulgated 
by the Director or the Secretary.’’. 
SEC. 10648. NASA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 12408 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3707) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘ocean acidification’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘ocean acidification and coastal acidification’’; 
(2) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘its impacts’’ and inserting 
‘‘their respective impacts’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENT.—Researchers from the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration under this subtitle that collect data 
described under section 12406(d) shall— 
‘‘(1) collect such data in accordance with the standards, 
protocols, or procedures established pursuant to section 
12406(d); and 
‘‘(2) submit such data to the Administrator and the Sec-
retary, in accordance with any rules promulgated by the 
Administrator or the Secretary.’’. 
SEC. 10649. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
Section 12409 of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research and 
Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3708) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘subtitle—’’ and all that 
follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following: ‘‘sub-
title— 
‘‘(1) $20,500,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(2) $22,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(3) $24,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(4) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; and 
‘‘(5) $28,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘subtitle—’’ and all that 
follows through paragraph (4) and inserting the following: ‘‘sub-
title, $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 
2027.’’.
H. R. 4346—326 
serve for 4 years and half of the members shall 
serve for 5 years, as determined by the Chair 
of the Board. 
(ii) VACANCIES.—Any vacancy in the membership 
of the appointed members of the Board— 
(I) shall be filled in accordance with the bylaws 
of the Foundation by an individual capable of rep-
resenting the same area or entity, as applicable, 
as represented by the vacating board member 
under subparagraph (B)(iii)(II); 
(II) shall not affect the power of the remaining 
appointed members to execute the duties of the 
Board; and 
(III) shall be filled by an individual selected 
by the Board. 
(E) MEETINGS; QUORUM.— 
(i) INITIAL MEETING.—Not later than 60 days after 
the Board is established, the Secretary shall convene 
a meeting of the ex officio and appointed members 
of the Board to incorporate the Foundation. 
(ii) QUORUM.—A majority of the appointed mem-
bers of the Board shall constitute a quorum for pur-
poses of conducting the business of the Board. 
(F) DUTIES.—The Board shall— 
(i) establish bylaws for the Foundation in accord-
ance with subparagraph (G); 
(ii) provide overall direction for the activities of 
the Foundation and establish priority activities; 
(iii) carry out any other necessary activities of 
the Foundation; 
(iv) evaluate the performance of the Executive 
Director; and 
(v) actively solicit and accept funds, gifts, grants, 
devises, or bequests of real or personal property to 
the Foundation, including from private entities. 
(G) BYLAWS.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The bylaws established under 
subparagraph (F)(i) may include— 
(I) policies for the selection of Board members, 
officers, employees, agents, and contractors of the 
Foundation; 
(II) policies, including ethical standards, for— 
(aa) the acceptance, solicitation, and dis-
position of donations and grants to the 
Foundation, including appropriate limits on 
the ability of donors to designate, by stipula-
tion or restriction, the use or recipient of 
donated funds; and 
(bb) the disposition of assets of the 
Foundation; 
(III) policies that subject all employees, fel-
lows, trainees, and other agents of the Foundation 
(including ex officio and appointed members of 
the Board) to conflict of interest standards; and 
(IV) the specific duties of the Executive 
Director.