I 
111TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3372 
To establish Medicare performance-based quality measures, to establish an 
affirmative defense in medical malpractice actions based on compliance 
with best practices guidelines, and to provide grants to States for admin-
istrative health care tribunals. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 29, 2009 
Mr. PRICE of Georgia introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee 
on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within 
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To establish Medicare performance-based quality measures, 
to establish an affirmative defense in medical malpractice 
actions based on compliance with best practices guide-
lines, and to provide grants to States for administrative 
health care tribunals. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Health Care OverUse 
Reform Today Act (HealthCOURT Act) of 2009’’. 
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SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF PERFORMANCE-BASED QUAL-
ITY MEASURES. 
Not later than January 1, 2010, the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress a 
proposal for a formalized process for the development of 
performance-based quality measures that could be applied 
to physicians’ services under the Medicare program under 
title XVIII of the Social Security Act. Such proposal shall 
be in concert and agreement with the Physician Consor-
tium for Performance Improvement and shall only utilize 
measures agreed upon by each physician specialty organi-
zation. 
SEC. 3. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE BASED ON COMPLIANCE 
WITH BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES. 
(a) SELECTION AND ISSUANCE OF BEST PRACTICES 
GUIDELINES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Health and 
Human Services (in this section referred to as the 
‘‘Secretary’’) shall provide for the selection and 
issuance of best practice guidelines (each in this sub-
section referred to as a ‘‘guideline’’) in accordance 
with paragraphs (2) and (3). 
(2) DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.—Not later than 
90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall enter into a contract with a 
qualified physician consensus-building organization 
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(such as the Physician Consortium for Performance 
Improvement), in concert and agreement with physi-
cian specialty organizations, to develop guidelines for 
treatment of medical conditions for application 
under subsection (b). Under the contract, the orga-
nization shall take into consideration any endorsed 
performance-based quality measures described in 
section 2. Under the contract and not later than 18 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the organization shall submit best practice guidelines 
for issuance as guidelines under paragraph (3). 
(3) ISSUANCE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall issue, by regulation, after notice 
and opportunity for public comment, guidelines 
that have been recommended under paragraph 
(2) for application under subsection (b). 
(B) LIMITATION.—The Secretary may not 
issue guidelines unless they have been approved 
or endorsed by qualified physician consensus- 
building organization involved and physician 
specialty organizations. 
(C) DISSEMINATION.—The Secretary shall 
broadly disseminate the guidelines so issued. 
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(1) INTRODUCTION AS EVIDENCE.—Guidelines 
under subsection (a) may not be introduced as evi-
dence of negligence or deviation in the standard of 
care in any civil action unless they have previously 
been introduced by the defendant. 
(2) NO PRESUMPTION OF NEGLIGENCE.—There 
would be no presumption of negligence if a partici-
pating physician does not adhere to such guidelines. 
(d) CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section shall be 
construed as preventing a State from— 
(1) replacing their current medical malpractice 
rules with rules that rely, as a defense, upon a 
health care provider’s compliance with a guideline 
issued under subsection (a); or 
(2) applying additional guidelines or safe-har-
bors that are in addition to, but not in lieu of, the 
guidelines issued under subsection (a). 
SEC. 4. STATE GRANTS TO CREATE ADMINISTRATIVE 
HEALTH CARE TRIBUNALS. 
Part P of title III of the Public Health Service Act 
(42 U.S.C. 280g et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 399T. STATE GRANTS TO CREATE ADMINISTRATIVE 
HEALTH CARE TRIBUNALS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may award grants 
to States for the development, implementation, and eval-
uation of administrative health care tribunals that comply 
with this section, for the resolution of disputes concerning 
injuries allegedly caused by health care providers. 
‘‘(b) CONDITIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION GRANTS.— 
To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, a State 
shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, 
in such manner, and containing such information as may 
be required by the Secretary. A grant shall be awarded 
under this section on such terms and conditions as the 
Secretary determines appropriate. 
‘‘(c) REPRESENTATION BY COUNSEL.—A State that 
receives a grant under this section may not preclude any 
party to a dispute before an administrative health care tri-
bunal operated under such grant from obtaining legal rep-
resentation during any review by the expert panel under 
subsection (d), the administrative health care tribunal 
under subsection (e), or a State court under subsection 
(f). 
‘‘(d) EXPERT PANEL REVIEW AND EARLY OFFER 
GUIDELINES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Prior to the submission of 
any dispute concerning injuries allegedly caused by 
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health care providers to an administrative health 
care tribunal under this section, such allegations 
shall first be reviewed by an expert panel. 
‘‘(2) COMPOSITION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The members of each 
expert panel under this subsection shall be ap-
pointed by the head of the State agency respon-
sible for health. Each expert panel shall be 
composed of no fewer than 3 members and not 
more than 7 members. At least one-half of such 
members shall be medical experts (either physi-
cians or health care professionals). 
‘‘(B) LICENSURE AND EXPERTISE.—Each 
physician or health care professional appointed 
to an expert panel under subparagraph (A) 
shall— 
‘‘(i) be appropriately credentialed or 
licensed in 1 or more States to deliver 
health care services; and 
‘‘(ii) typically treat the condition, 
make the diagnosis, or provide the type of 
treatment that is under review. 
‘‘(C) INDEPENDENCE.— 
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‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 
(ii), each individual appointed to an expert 
panel under this paragraph shall— 
‘‘(I) not have a material familial, 
financial, or professional relationship 
with a party involved in the dispute 
reviewed by the panel; and 
‘‘(II) not otherwise have a con-
flict of interest with such a party. 
‘‘(ii) EXCEPTION.—Nothing in clause 
(i) shall be construed to prohibit an indi-
vidual who has staff privileges at an insti-
tution where the treatment involved in the 
dispute was provided from serving as a 
member of an expert panel merely on the 
basis of such affiliation, if the affiliation is 
disclosed to the parties and neither party 
objects. 
‘‘(D) PRACTICING HEALTH CARE PROFES-
SIONAL IN SAME FIELD.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In a dispute be-
fore an expert panel that involves treat-
ment, or the provision of items or serv-
ices— 
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‘‘(I) by a physician, the medical 
experts on the expert panel shall be 
practicing physicians (allopathic or os-
teopathic) of the same or similar spe-
cialty as a physician who typically 
treats the condition, makes the diag-
nosis, or provides the type of treat-
ment under review; or 
‘‘(II) by a health care profes-
sional other than a physician, at least 
two medical experts on the expert 
panel shall be practicing physicians 
(allopathic or osteopathic) of the same 
or similar specialty as the health care 
professional who typically treats the 
condition, makes the diagnosis, or 
provides the type of treatment under 
review, and, if determined appropriate 
by the State agency, an additional 
medical expert shall be a practicing 
health care professional (other than 
such a physician) of such a same or 
similar specialty. 
‘‘(ii) PRACTICING DEFINED.—In this 
paragraph, the term ‘practicing’ means, 
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with respect to an individual who is a phy-
sician or other health care professional, 
that the individual provides health care 
services to individual patients on average 
at least 2 days a week. 
‘‘(E) PEDIATRIC EXPERTISE.—In the case 
of dispute relating to a child, at least 1 medical 
expert on the expert panel shall have expertise 
described in subparagraph (D)(i) in pediatrics. 
‘‘(3) DETERMINATION.—After a review under 
paragraph (1), an expert panel shall make a deter-
mination as to the liability of the parties involved 
and compensation. 
‘‘(4) ACCEPTANCE.—If the parties to a dispute 
before an expert panel under this subsection accept 
the determination of the expert panel concerning li-
ability and compensation, such compensation shall 
be paid to the claimant and the claimant shall agree 
to forgo any further action against the health care 
providers involved. 
‘‘(5) FAILURE TO ACCEPT.—If any party de-
cides not to accept the expert panel’s determination, 
the matter shall be referred to an administrative 
health care tribunal created pursuant to this section. 
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATIVE HEALTH CARE TRIBUNALS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Upon the failure of any 
party to accept the determination of an expert panel 
under subsection (d), the parties shall have the right 
to request a hearing concerning the liability or com-
pensation involved by an administrative health care 
tribunal established by the State involved. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—In establishing an ad-
ministrative health care tribunal under this section, 
a State shall— 
‘‘(A) ensure that such tribunals are pre-
sided over by special judges with health care ex-
pertise; 
‘‘(B) provide authority to such judges to 
make binding rulings, rendered in written deci-
sions, on standards of care, causation, com-
pensation, and related issues with reliance on 
independent expert witnesses commissioned by 
the tribunal; 
‘‘(C) establish gross negligence as the legal 
standard for the tribunal; 
‘‘(D) allow the admission into evidence of 
the recommendation made by the expert panel 
under subsection (d); and 
‘‘(E) provide for an appeals process to 
allow for review of decisions by State courts. 
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‘‘(f) REVIEW BY STATE COURT AFTER EXHAUSTION 
OF ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES.— 
‘‘(1) RIGHT TO FILE.—If any party to a dispute 
before a health care tribunal under subsection (e) is 
not satisfied with the determinations of the tribunal, 
the party shall have the right to file their claim in 
a State court of competent jurisdiction. 
‘‘(2) FORFEIT OF AWARDS.—Any party filing 
an action in a State court in accordance with para-
graph (1) shall forfeit any compensation award 
made under subsection (e). 
‘‘(3) ADMISSIBILITY.—The determinations of 
the expert panel and the administrative health care 
tribunal pursuant to subsections (d) and (e) with re-
spect to a State court proceeding under paragraph 
(1) shall be admissible into evidence in any such 
State court proceeding. 
‘‘(g) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘health 
care provider’ has the meaning given such term for pur-
poses of part A of title VII. 
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for any fiscal year such 
sums as may be necessary for purposes of making grants 
to States under this section.’’. 
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SEC. 5. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING HEALTH IN-
SURER LIABILITY. 
It is the sense of Congress that a health insurance 
issuer should be liable for damages for harm caused when 
it makes a decision as to what care is medically necessary 
and appropriate. 
Æ 
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