•HRES 1354 IH 
America, against Samuel Alito, Jr., Associate Justice of 
the Supreme Court of the United States, in maintenance 
and support of its impeachment against him for high 
crimes and misdemeanors. 
ARTICLE I: REFUSAL TO RECUSE FROM CASES IN WHICH 
HE
HAD
A
PERSONAL
BIAS
OR
PREJUDICE
CON-
CERNING A PARTY 
The Constitution provides that the House of Rep-
resentatives ‘‘shall have the sole Power of Impeachment’’ 
and that all civil officers of the United States‘‘shall be re-
moved from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction 
of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Mis-
demeanors’’. Section 455 of title 28, United States Code, 
provides that ‘‘[a]ny justice, judge, or magistrate judge 
of the United States shall disqualify himself in any pro-
ceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be 
questioned’’. 
On January 31, 2006, when Justice Alito assumed 
his role on the Supreme Court, he took two oaths of of-
fice—a Constitutional Oath and a Judicial Oath of office. 
When taking the Constitutional Oath codified at section 
3331, of title 5, United States Code, Alito promised to 
‘‘support and defend the Constitution of the United States 
against all enemies, foreign and domestic’’. When taking 
the subsequent Judicial Oath codified at section 453, of 
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title 28, United States Code, Alito promised to ‘‘faithfully 
and impartially discharge and perform all the duties in-
cumbent upon me as an Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court, under the constitution and laws of the United 
States’’. 
Samuel Alito, in his conduct as an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court of the United States, engaged in 
high Crimes and Misdemeanors, by refusing to disqualify 
himself from proceedings in which his impartiality might 
reasonably be questioned, as follows: 
In January 2021, Justice Alito allowed an upside- 
down American flag to be flown outside his primary resi-
dence for several days. At the time, an upside-down Amer-
ican flag was widely understood to be an expression of 
support for the criminal efforts to overturn the results of 
the 2020 election and was a symbol displayed by those 
who attacked the Capitol on January 6, 2021, an event 
that occurred only shortly before Justice Alito allowed the 
flags to be flown outside his residence. By displaying this 
flag, he showed support for domestic enemies of the 
United States, some of whom engaged in an insurrection 
at the U.S. Capitol building, in violation of his Constitu-
tional Oath of office. 
In summer 2023, by allowing a flag associated with 
the criminal efforts to overturn the results of the 2020 
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election and with a partisan faction of a political party 
to be flown outside his secondary residence for several 
months, Justice Alito’s behavior showed a lack of impar-
tiality as required by his Judicial Oath of office, thereby 
undermining public confidence in the integrity and impar-
tiality of the judiciary. 
According to section 455(b)(1) of title 28, United 
States Code, a justice of the Supreme Court, like any 
judge, must recuse from matters in which he ‘‘has a per-
sonal bias or prejudice concerning a party’’. Separately, 
section 455(a) of such title requires recusal in the cir-
cumstances that ‘‘his impartiality might reasonably be 
questioned’’. Justice Samuel Alito, Jr.’s failure to recuse 
in Trump v. United States, No. 23–939 (July 1, 2024), 
Fischer v. United States, No. 23–5572 (June 28, 2024), 
and Trump v. Anderson, No. 23–719 (March 4, 2024) vio-
lates both provisions of section 455 and serves as the legal 
basis for impeachment. 
Trump v. United States, a Supreme Court case about 
the preservation of a functioning democracy, asked the 
question of whether a former president is entitled to abso-
lute immunity from criminal prosecution for actions within 
his constitutional authority. The case arose from charges 
filed against Donald J. Trump for his role in inciting an 
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insurrection in an attempt to stop the certification of votes 
following the 2020 election. 
Fischer 
v. 
United 
States 
asked 
whether 
section1512(c)(2) of title 18, United States Code, a provi-
sion of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, can be applied to the in-
surrectionists who stormed the Capitol building on Janu-
ary 6, 2021, in order to attempt to stop the certification 
of votes following the 2020 election. 
Trump v. Anderson asked whether a State court 
could enforce Donald Trump’s disqualification from office 
for engaging in insurrection against the United States 
Constitution when he incited the January 6th insurrection 
at the Capitol building and disrupted the transfer of presi-
dential power in violation of Section 3 of the 14th Amend-
ment. 
By repeatedly—over a period of multiple years—fly-
ing flags associated with the attempt to overturn the elec-
tion results and stop the peaceful transfer of power, Jus-
tice Alito publicly displayed a bias toward those who in-
cited and executed the January 6 insurrection. Because 
Justice Alito engaged in a pattern of declaring sympathy 
with the parties before the Supreme Court in Trump, 
Fischer, and Anderson, section 455 of title 28, United 
States Code, required Justice Alito to recuse from all mat-
ters related to the insurrection. 
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Section 455 of title 28, United States Code, does not 
require an investigation into the heart and mind of indi-
vidual justices. Subsection (a) of such section requires 
recusal whenever a justice’s impartiality ‘‘might reason-
ably be questioned’’. Since a ‘‘stop the steal’’ symbol first 
flew on a flagpole outside Justice Alito’s home, it has been 
reasonable to question Justice Alito’s ability to impartially 
adjudicate matters related to the January 6 insurrection. 
The proper functioning of the United States Supreme 
Court depends on justices’ commitment to impartiality in 
both fact and appearance. By disregarding his impartiality 
and aligning himself through public conduct and state-
ments with the insurrectionary cause, the laws of the 
United States required Justice Alito to recuse himself in 
Trump v. United States, Fischer v. United States, and 
Trump v. Anderson. 
Failure to comply with subsection (a) and subsection 
(b)(1) of section 455 of title 28, United States Code, by 
refusing to recuse in Trump v. United States, Fischer v. 
United States, and Trump v. Anderson, each of which con-
cerned the attempt to overturn the 2020 election by inter-
fering with the Joint Session of Congress to certify the 
election on January 6, 2021, is cause for impeachment 
for high crimes and misdemeanors. 
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Justice Samuel Alito, Jr., has engaged in a pattern 
of conduct that is incompatible with the trust and con-
fidence placed in him as a justice of the Supreme Court 
by failing to disqualify himself from cases in which he had 
a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party. Section 
455 of title 28, United States Code, provides that any 
‘‘justice, judge, or magistrate judge of the United States 
shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his im-
partiality might reasonably be questioned’’ or if ‘‘he has 
a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party’’. Justice 
Alito has indicated sympathy with the efforts to overturn 
the 2020 election by allowing symbols of support for those 
efforts to be flown outside his residences. Contrary to the 
clear dictates of the federal recusal statute, which requires 
disqualification if a justice’s impartiality might reasonably 
be questioned, Justice Alito did not recuse himself in 
Trump v. United States, No. 23–939 (July 1, 2024), 
Fischer v. United States, No. 23–5572 (June 28, 2024), 
or Trump v. Anderson, No. 23–719 (March 4, 2024) all 
of which concerned the attempt to overturn the 2020 elec-
tion by interfering with the Joint Session of Congress to 
certify the election on January 6, 2021. 
In all this, Justice Alito betrayed his Constitutional 
Oath to ‘‘support and defend the Constitution of the 
United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic’’ 
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and his Judicial Oath to ‘‘faithfully and impartially dis-
charge and perform’’ his duties ‘‘under the Constitution 
and laws of the United States’’. 
Wherefore, Samuel Alito Jr., by such conduct, thus 
warrants impeachment and trial, removal from office, and 
disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, 
trust, or profit under the United States. 
ARTICLE II: FAILURE TO DISCLOSE 
The Constitution provides that the House of Rep-
resentatives ‘‘shall have the sole Power of Impeachment’’ 
and that all civil officers of the United States ‘‘shall be 
removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction 
of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Mis-
demeanors’’. Sections 13103 and 13104 of title 5, United 
States Code, require judicial officers, including Associate 
Justices of the Supreme Court, to file annual reports dis-
closing financial income, gifts and reimbursements, prop-
erty interests, liabilities, transactions, among other infor-
mation. Specifically, section 13104(a)(2)(A) of such title 
requires disclosure of the ‘‘identity of the source, a brief 
description, and the value of all gifts’’ exceeding minimal 
value, and section 13104(a)(5)(A) of such title requires 
disclosure of ‘‘a brief description, the date, and category 
of value of any purchase, sale or exchange’’ of real prop-
erty exceeding $1,000. 
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Justice Samuel Alito, Jr., has engaged in a pattern 
of corrupt conduct that is incompatible with the trust and 
confidence placed in him as a justice of the Supreme Court 
by accepting and failing to disclose trips funded by private 
organizations and individuals, contrary to federal law and 
the ethical guidelines that govern the conduct of federal 
judges. After accepting luxury travel from a wealthy indi-
vidual with interests before the Supreme Court, Justice 
Alito did not disclose the gift in his financial disclosure 
reports as required by Ethics in Government Act and re-
peatedly chose not to recuse himself from hearing cases 
in which the wealthy individual had direct interests in vio-
lation of section 7353 of title 5, United States Code. 
By failing to disclose the gift of luxury travel and 
failing to recuse from hearing cases affecting the donor’s 
business interests, Justice Alito has undermined the im-
partiality and integrity of the Supreme Court in violation 
of the public trust. His conduct has caused a reasonable 
person to believe the gift was offered and accepted in re-
turn for being influenced in the performance of an official 
act and on a basis that would cause a reasonable person 
to believe that he used his public office for his own private 
gain or for the private gain of the donor. 
In all of this, Justice Alito has acted in a manner 
contrary to his trust as an Associate Justice of the Su-
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preme Court of the United States, to the great prejudice 
of the cause of law and justice, to the manifest injury of 
the people of the United States. 
Wherefore, Justice Alito, by such conduct, warrants 
impeachment and trial and removal from office, and dis-
qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, 
or profit under the United States. 
Æ 
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