(3) Households with children experience food
insecurity at more than double the rate for house-
holds without children.
(4) Mental and physical changes accompany in-
adequate food intake which can have harmful effects
on learning, development, productivity, physical and
psychological health, and family life. These effects
are particularly harmful to children, and can have a
lasting impact.
(5) The Surgeon General has established as an
important health objective, to increase the food secu-
rity from 88 percent of all United States households
(in 1995) to 94 percent by the year 2010.
(6) A national survey of emergency feeding pro-
grams conducted by America’s Second Harvest in
2001 found their food bank network of emergency
food providers served 23,000,000 people in a year,
9 percent more than were served in 1997, and more
than 9,000,000 of those served were children.
(7) United States Conference of Mayors data
indicates that between November 2000 to November
2001, only one-third of the major cities surveyed re-
ported that they were able to provide an adequate
quantity of food to meet the need. Eighty-five per-
cent of the cities reported that emergency food as-
sistance facilities have had to decrease the quantity
of food provided or the number of times families or
individuals may receive food. Across the cities sur-
veyed, 54 percent of those requesting emergency as-
sistance were either children or their parents. The
average increase in the number of families with chil-
dren requesting emergency food was 19 percent.
(8) Adequate nutrition in the earliest years of
life is essential for healthy child development and for
school readiness.
(9) Congress recently enacted, and the Presi-
dent signed into law, the No Child Left Behind Act
to increase student academic achievement. Numer-
ous studies indicate that hunger can have a detri-
mental effect on a child’s ability to learn and thrive
in school.
(10) Food insecurity and overweight frequently
co-exist in the population.
(11) Federal child nutrition programs can be an
efficient and effective means to reduce hunger, re-
duce overweight prevalence, and promote healthy
eating habits among children in the United States.
(b) SENSE OF THE SENATE.—It is the Sense of the
Senate, that as Congress works to reauthorize the child
nutrition laws of the United States, it should—
(1) carefully evaluate elements of those pro-
grams to strengthen efficiency and effectiveness, in-
cluding streamlining program administration, reduc-
ing paperwork burdens, and simplifying access for
parents;
(2) improve the healthfulness of meals served,
as well as that of other foods and beverages made
available in schools;
(3) strengthen the educational component of
the programs to encourage healthy eating habits and
promote physical activity;
(4) review eligibility guidelines, and reimburse-
ment rates; and
(5) provide significant additional funding to
carry out these and other vital priorities to make
sure pregnant women, and children from infancy
through school have access to nutritious food to opti-
mize health and prevent overweight.
TITLE 
IV—SUPPORTING 
SERV-
ICES TO LOW-INCOME FAMI-
LIES THROUGH THE SOCIAL
SERVICES BLOCK GRANT
SEC. 401. INCREASE IN FUNDING.
Section 2003(c) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1379b(c)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (10), by striking ‘‘and’’;
(2) in paragraph (11), by striking ‘‘and each
fiscal year thereafter.’’ and inserting a semicolon;
and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(12) $2,800,000,000 for each of the fiscal
years 2004 through 2008; and
‘‘(13) $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year 2009
and each fiscal year thereafter.’’.
TITLE V—EXPANDING THE FAM-
ILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT
SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Family and Medical
Leave Expansion Act’’.
SEC. 502. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Since the enactment of the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.),
more than 35,000,000 Americans have taken leave
for family or medical reasons.
(2) Of those taking leave under the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993, 52 percent took the
leave for their own serious health conditions, and 26
percent took the leave to care for a new child or for
maternity disability reasons.
(3) While the leave provided by the Family and
Medical Leave Act of 1993 has proven to be a crit-
ical resource for millions of Americans, too many
people are left behind because the Act provides only
unpaid leave.
(4) According to a 2000 Department of Labor
survey—
(A) 3,500,000 Americans needed family
and medical leave but could not afford to take
time off without pay;
(B) nearly four-fifths (78 percent) of those
surveyed who needed the leave but did not take
it said they could not afford unpaid leave;
(C) nine percent of those taking family and
medical leave and receiving less than full pay
during their longest period of the leave had to
go on public assistance to cover their lost
wages; and
(D) seventy-three percent of those taking
family and medical leave had incomes above
$30,000.
(5) In 1970, only 27 percent of mothers with
infants under age 1 were in the labor force.
(6) In 1999, nearly 60 percent of mothers with
infants under age 1 were working.
(7) Worldwide, 128 countries of the 172 re-
sponding to an International Social Security Asso-
ciation survey in 1999 provided at least some paid
and job protected maternity leave, and, on average,
provided 16 weeks of basic paid maternity leave. In
some countries, paid maternity leave is mandatory
and in others it is voluntary.
(8) A European Union directive mandating 14
weeks of paid maternity leave was adopted as a
health and safety measure in 1992.
(9) Among the 29 Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries,
the most advanced industrialized countries, the aver-
age period of childbirth-related leave (including ma-
ternity, paternity, and parental leaves) is 44 weeks
(10 months) with additional time provided in some
countries for leave to care for a sick child. In those
countries, the average duration of paid childbirth-re-
lated leave is 36 weeks.
(10) In more than half of the OECD countries
(16 countries), the cash benefit provided while on
the paid childbirth-related leave replaces between 70
and 100 percent of prior wages.