I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4669 
To authorize and improve the Federal Emergency Management Agency and 
reform Federal disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, 
and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 23, 2025 
Mr. GRAVES (for himself, Mr. LARSEN of Washington, Mr. WEBSTER of Flor-
ida, and Mr. STANTON) introduced the following bill; which was referred 
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in addition 
to the Committee on Homeland Security, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provi-
sions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To authorize and improve the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency and reform Federal disaster mitigation, 
preparedness, response, and recovery, and for other pur-
poses. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 
‘‘Fixing Emergency Management for Americans Act of 
2025’’ or the ‘‘FEMA Act of 2025’’. 
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(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
DIVISION A—ESTABLISHMENT OF FEMA AS CABINET-LEVEL 
INDEPENDENT AGENCY 
TITLE I—ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERAL EMERGENCY 
MANAGEMENT AGENCY 
Sec. 11. Establishment of independent agency. 
Sec. 12. Administrator; Deputy Administrator; other officials of the Agency. 
Sec. 13. Authority and responsibilities. 
Sec. 14. Office of the Inspector General. 
Sec. 15. Transfer of functions. 
Sec. 16. Personnel and other transfers. 
Sec. 17. Saving provisions. 
Sec. 18. References. 
Sec. 19. Federal Emergency Management Agency Working Capital Fund. 
Sec. 20. Improving disaster assistance for veterans. 
TITLE II—OFFICES AND FUNCTIONS OF FEDERAL EMERGENCY 
MANAGEMENT AGENCY 
Sec. 21. National emergency management. 
TITLE III—RELATED MATTERS 
Sec. 31. Changes to administrative documents. 
Sec. 32. Recommended legislation. 
DIVISION B—FEMA REFORMS 
TITLE I—PUBLIC ASSISTANCE REFORMS 
Sec. 101. Rebuilding public infrastructure. 
Sec. 102. Task force to address backlog of open declared disasters. 
Sec. 103. Disaster declaration damage thresholds. 
Sec. 104. Federal permitting improvement. 
Sec. 105. Unified Federal review. 
Sec. 106. Block grants for small disasters. 
Sec. 107. Common sense debris removal. 
Sec. 108. Disaster management costs modernization. 
Sec. 109. Streamlining and consolidating information collection and preliminary 
damage assessments. 
Sec. 110. Reasonable incident periods. 
Sec. 111. Fire management assistance program policy. 
Sec. 112. Indian tribal government eligibility. 
Sec. 113. Strengthening closeouts for critical services. 
Sec. 114. Sheltering of emergency response personnel. 
Sec. 115. Emergency protective measures to fight flooding damage. 
Sec. 116. Fairness and accountability in appeals. 
Sec. 117. Expedited funding for emergency work. 
Sec. 118. Consistency in procurement practices. 
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TITLE II—INDIVIDUAL ASSISTANCE REFORMS 
Sec. 201. Information sharing for Federal agencies. 
Sec. 202. Universal application for individual assistance. 
Sec. 203. Clarifying duplication of benefits. 
Sec. 204. Crisis counseling and addiction in disasters. 
Sec. 205. Repair and rebuilding. 
Sec. 206. FEMA emergency home repair program. 
Sec. 207. Direct assistance. 
Sec. 208. Accurate information to disaster victims. 
Sec. 209. Improved notices for FEMA assistance. 
Sec. 210. Common sense displacement assistance for disaster victims. 
Sec. 211. State-managed housing authority. 
Sec. 212. Improved rental assistance. 
Sec. 213. Online guides for postdisaster assistance. 
Sec. 214. Clarifying sheltering assistance eligibility. 
Sec. 215. Access to lifesaving non-congregate sheltering. 
Sec. 216. Assistance for total loss. 
TITLE III—MITIGATION REFORMS 
Sec. 301. Preapproved project mitigation plans. 
Sec. 302. Reducing disaster costs and protecting lives. 
Sec. 303. Resilient buildings and communities. 
Sec. 304. Strengthening hazard risk reduction. 
Sec. 305. Utility resiliency. 
Sec. 306. Additional amendments to hazard mitigation revolving loan fund. 
Sec. 307. Streamlined hazard mitigation application process. 
Sec. 308. Study and report on mitigation benefits. 
TITLE IV—TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY 
Sec. 401. GAO review of FEMA transition. 
Sec. 402. Transparency and online accountability. 
Sec. 403. Prohibition on political discrimination. 
Sec. 404. Review of burdensome regulations and policies. 
Sec. 405. Report on assistance to individuals. 
Sec. 406. Individual assistance dashboard. 
Sec. 407. GAO report on preliminary damage assessments. 
Sec. 408. Improved rental assistance. 
Sec. 409. GAO assessment on identity theft and disaster fraud in disaster as-
sistance programs. 
Sec. 410. GAO study on insurance utilization for public assistance-eligible fa-
cilities. 
Sec. 411. Study on wildfire management plans. 
Sec. 412. Effectiveness of local, State, territory, and Federal alerting systems. 
Sec. 413. GAO review of management costs. 
Sec. 414. Report on coordination of disaster assistance to individuals. 
Sec. 415. GAO review of cost savings associated with repair and rebuilding re-
forms. 
Sec. 416. Transparency for disaster declarations. 
Sec. 417. Fast-moving disasters working group. 
Sec. 418. Public assistance dashboard. 
Sec. 419. Improving disaster workforce retention. 
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DIVISION 
A—ESTABLISHMENT 
OF FEMA AS CABINET-LEVEL 
INDEPENDENT AGENCY 
TITLE 
I—ESTABLISHMENT 
OF 
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MAN-
AGEMENT AGENCY 
SEC. 11. ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENT AGENCY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency is established as a cabinet-level independent 
establishment in the executive branch. 
(b) MISSION.—The primary mission of the Agency is 
to reduce the loss of life and property of the Nation from 
all hazards, including natural disasters and manmade dis-
asters, by leading and supporting the Nation in a com-
prehensive emergency management system of prepared-
ness, response, recovery, and mitigation. 
(c) SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES.—In support of the primary 
mission of the Agency, the Administrator of the Agency 
shall— 
(1) lead the Nation’s efforts to prepare for, re-
spond to, recover from, and mitigate against the risk 
of natural disasters and manmade disasters, includ-
ing catastrophic incidents; 
(2) to build a national system of emergency 
management that can effectively and efficiently use 
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the full measure of the Nation’s resources to re-
spond to natural disasters and manmade disasters, 
including catastrophic incidents, partner with— 
(A) State, local, and Tribal governments; 
(B) emergency response providers; 
(C) other Federal agencies; 
(D) the private sector; and 
(E) nongovernmental organizations; 
(3) develop a Federal response capability that, 
when necessary and appropriate, can act effectively 
and rapidly to deliver assistance essential to saving 
lives or protecting or preserving property or public 
health and safety in a natural disaster or manmade 
disaster; 
(4) integrate the emergency preparedness, re-
sponse, recovery, and mitigation responsibilities of 
the Agency to confront effectively the challenges of 
a natural disaster or manmade disaster; 
(5) develop and maintain robust Regional Of-
fices, inclusive of regional disability integration spe-
cialists, that work with State, local, and Tribal gov-
ernments, emergency response providers, and other 
appropriate entities to identify and address regional 
priorities; 
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(6) provide funding, training, exercises, tech-
nical assistance, planning, and other assistance to 
build the Tribal, local, State, regional, and national 
capabilities (including communications capabilities) 
necessary to respond to a natural disaster or man-
made disaster; 
(7) develop and coordinate the implementation 
of an all-hazards strategy for preparedness that 
builds the common capabilities necessary to respond 
to natural disasters and manmade disasters while 
also building the unique capabilities necessary to re-
spond to specific types of incidents that pose the 
greatest risk to our Nation; and 
(8) identify, integrate, and implement the needs 
of children, including children within underserved 
communities, individuals with disabilities, and other 
vulnerable populations with access and functional 
needs, into activities to prepare for, respond to, re-
cover from, and mitigate against the risk of natural 
disasters and other disasters, including catastrophic 
incidents, including by appointing a technical expert, 
who may consult with relevant outside organizations 
and experts, as necessary, to coordinate such inte-
gration, as necessary. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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(1) CATASTROPHIC INCIDENT.—The term ‘‘cat-
astrophic incident’’ means any natural disaster, act 
of terrorism, or other man-made disaster that re-
sults in extraordinary levels of casualties or damage 
or disruption severely affecting the population (in-
cluding mass evacuations), infrastructure, environ-
ment, economy, national morale, or government 
functions in an area. 
(2) CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term 
‘‘critical infrastructure’’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107–56 (42 
U.S.C. 5195c(e)). 
(3) LOCAL GOVERNMENT.—The term local gov-
ernment means— 
(A) a county, municipality, city, town, 
township, local public authority, school district, 
special district, intrastate district, council of 
governments (regardless of whether the council 
of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit 
corporation under State law), regional or inter-
state government entity, or agency or instru-
mentality of a local government; 
(B) an Indian tribe or authorized tribal or-
ganization, or in Alaska a Native village or 
Alaska Regional Native Corporation; and 
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(C) a rural community, unincorporated 
town or village, or other public entity. 
(4) RESOURCES.—The term ‘‘resources’’ means 
personnel and major items of equipment, supplies, 
and facilities available or potentially available for re-
sponding to a natural disaster, act of terrorism, or 
other manmade disaster. 
(5) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means any 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Is-
lands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth 
of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any possession 
of the United States. 
(6) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
government’’ means the government of an Indian 
tribe or authorized tribal organization, or in Alaska 
a Native village or Alaska Regional Native Corpora-
tion. 
(7) VULNERABLE POPULATIONS WITH ACCESS 
AND
FUNCTIONAL
NEEDS.—The term ‘‘vulnerable 
populations with access and functional needs’’ 
means— 
(A) the elderly, children, and individuals 
with disabilities (including individuals with mo-
bility, communication, intellectual, and proc-
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essing disabilities) for whom emergencies may 
present unique access and functional needs, 
such as maintaining independence, communica-
tion, transportation, supervision, and medical 
care; and 
(B) include individuals described in sub-
paragraph (A) who reside in institutionalized 
settings. 
SEC. 
12. 
ADMINISTRATOR; 
DEPUTY 
ADMINISTRATOR; 
OTHER OFFICIALS OF THE AGENCY. 
(a) ADMINISTRATOR.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall be headed by an Adminis-
trator, who shall be appointed by the President, by 
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and 
who shall report directly to the President. 
(2) PRINCIPAL ADVISOR ON EMERGENCY MAN-
AGEMENT.—The Administrator is the principal advi-
sor to the President for all matters relating to emer-
gency management in the United States. 
(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Administrator shall 
be appointed from among individuals who have— 
(A) a demonstrated ability in, and knowl-
edge of, emergency management; and 
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(B) not less than 5 years of executive lead-
ership and management experience in the public 
or private sector. 
(4) EXECUTIVE
SCHEDULE.—Title 5, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(A) in section 5312, by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘Administrator of the Federal Emergency Man-
agement Agency.’’; and 
(B) in section 5313, by striking the item 
relating to ‘‘Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency.’’. 
(b) DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Agency shall have one 
Deputy Administrator, who shall be appointed by 
the President, by and with the advice and consent 
of the Senate. The Deputy Administrator shall carry 
out duties and powers prescribed by the Adminis-
trator and act for the Administrator when the Ad-
ministrator is absent or unable to serve or when the 
position of the Administrator is vacant. 
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Deputy Adminis-
trator shall be appointed from among individuals 
who have extensive experience in emergency pre-
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paredness, response, recovery, and mitigating haz-
ards. 
(3) EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE.—Section 5314 of 
title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking 
the item relating to ‘‘Deputy Administrators, Fed-
eral Emergency Management Agency.’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘Deputy Administrator, Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency.’’. 
(c) ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATORS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Agency shall have one 
or more Assistant Administrators, who shall be ap-
pointed by the Administrator, and whose duties shall 
be determined by the Administrator. 
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—Each Assistant Admin-
istrator shall be appointed from among individuals 
who have a demonstrated ability in and knowledge 
of emergency management or other field relevant to 
their position. 
SEC. 13. AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency shall provide Federal 
leadership necessary to prepare for, respond to, recover 
from, or mitigate against all disasters, including natural 
or manmade, including— 
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(1) helping to ensure the effectiveness of emer-
gency response providers to major disasters (as that 
term is defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Staf-
ford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5122)) and other emergencies; 
(2) with respect to the Nuclear Incident Re-
sponse Team— 
(A) establishing standards and certifying 
when such standards have been met; and 
(B) conducting joint and other exercises 
and training and evaluating performance; 
(3) providing the Federal Government’s re-
sponse to all disasters, including— 
(A) managing such response; 
(B) directing the Domestic Emergency 
Support Team and the Nuclear Incident Re-
sponse Team; 
(C) overseeing the Metropolitan Medical 
Response System; and 
(D) coordinating other Federal response 
resources, including requiring deployment of the 
Strategic National Stockpile, in the event of a 
disaster; 
(4) aiding the recovery from a disaster; 
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(5) building a comprehensive national incident 
management system with Federal, State, and local 
government personnel, agencies, and authorities, to 
respond to such attacks and disasters; 
(6) consolidating existing Federal Government 
emergency response plans into a single, coordinated 
national response plan; 
(7) helping ensure the acquisition of operable 
and interoperable communications capabilities by 
Federal, State, local, and Tribal governments and 
emergency response providers; 
(8) assisting the President in carrying out the 
functions under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Re-
lief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 
et seq.) and carrying out all functions and authori-
ties given to the Administrator under such Act; 
(9) carrying out the mission of the Agency to 
reduce the loss of life and property and prepare the 
Nation for all hazards by leading and supporting the 
Nation in a comprehensive emergency management 
system of— 
(A) mitigation, by taking sustained actions 
to reduce or eliminate long-term risks to people 
and property from hazards and their effects; 
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(B) preparedness, by planning, training, 
and building the emergency management pro-
fession to prepare effectively for, mitigate 
against, respond to, and recover from any haz-
ard; 
(C) response, by conducting emergency op-
erations to save lives and property through po-
sitioning emergency equipment, personnel, and 
supplies, through evacuating potential victims, 
through providing food, water, shelter, and 
medical care to those in need, and through re-
storing critical public services; and 
(D) recovery, by rebuilding communities so 
individuals, businesses, and governments can 
function on their own, return to normal life, 
and protect against future hazards; 
(10) increasing efficiencies, by coordinating ef-
forts relating to preparedness, response, recovery, 
and mitigation; 
(11) helping to ensure the effectiveness of emer-
gency response providers in responding to all haz-
ards, including natural or man-made; 
(12) supervising grant programs administered 
by the Agency; 
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(13) administering and ensuring the implemen-
tation of the National Response Plan, including co-
ordinating and ensuring the readiness of each emer-
gency support function under the National Response 
Plan; 
(14) coordinating with the National Advisory 
Council established under section 508 of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 318); 
(15) preparing and implementing the plans and 
programs of the Federal Government for— 
(A) continuity of operations; 
(B) continuity of government; and 
(C) continuity of plans; 
(16) minimizing, to the extent practicable, over-
lapping planning and reporting requirements appli-
cable to State, local, and Tribal governments and 
the private sector; 
(17) maintaining and operating within the 
Agency the National Response Coordination Center 
or its successor; 
(18) developing a national emergency manage-
ment system that is capable of preparing for, re-
sponding to, recovering from, and mitigating against 
catastrophic incidents; 
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(19) assisting the President in carrying out the 
functions under the national preparedness goal and 
the national preparedness system and carrying out 
all functions and authorities of the Administrator 
under the national preparedness System; 
(20) carrying out all authorities of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency; and 
(21) otherwise carrying out the mission of the 
Agency as described in section 11(b). 
(b) ALL-HAZARDS APPROACH.—In carrying out the 
responsibilities under this section, the Administrator shall 
coordinate the implementation of an all-hazards strategy 
that builds those common capabilities necessary to prepare 
for, respond to, recover from, or mitigate against all-haz-
ards whether natural or manmade, while also building the 
unique capabilities necessary to prepare for, respond to, 
recover from, or mitigate against the risks of specific types 
of incidents that pose the greatest risk to the Nation. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INTEROPERABLE.—The term ‘‘interoper-
able’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘interoperable 
communications’’ under section 7303(g)(1) of the 
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 
of 2004 (6 U.S.C. 194(g)(1)). 
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(2) LOCAL GOVERNMENT.—The term local gov-
ernment means— 
(A) a county, municipality, city, town, 
township, local public authority, school district, 
special district, intrastate district, council of 
governments (regardless of whether the council 
of governments is incorporated as a nonprofit 
corporation under State law), regional or inter-
state government entity, or agency or instru-
mentality of a local government; 
(B) an Indian tribe or authorized tribal or-
ganization, or in Alaska a Native village or 
Alaska Regional Native Corporation; and 
(C) a rural community, unincorporated 
town or village, or other public entity. 
(3) RESOURCES.—The term ‘‘resources’’ means 
personnel and major items of equipment, supplies, 
and facilities available or potentially available for re-
sponding to a natural disaster, act of terrorism, or 
other manmade disaster. 
(4) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means any 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, 
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Is-
lands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth 
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of the Northern Mariana Islands, and any possession 
of the United States. 
(5) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
government’’ means the government of an Indian 
tribe or authorized tribal organization, or in Alaska 
a Native village or Alaska Regional Native Corpora-
tion. 
SEC. 14. OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL. 
The Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
have an Office of the Inspector General, headed by an In-
spector General who shall be appointed by the President, 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, in ac-
cordance with chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code. 
SEC. 15. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided by subsection 
(c), there shall be transferred to the Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency the following: 
(1) All functions of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency, as constituted on the day be-
fore the date of enactment of this Act, including 
continuity of operations and continuity of Govern-
ment plans and programs. 
(2) The functions relating to the Agency under 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emer-
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gency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) and 
other laws, including— 
(A) the National Flood Insurance Act of 
1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.); 
(B) the Earthquake Hazards Reduction 
Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.); 
(C) the National Dam Safety Program Act 
(33 U.S.C. 467 et seq.); 
(D) the Federal Fire Prevention and Con-
trol Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 2201 et seq.); 
(E) Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 (5 
U.S.C. App.); 
(F) section 612 of the Security and Ac-
countability For Every Port Act of 2006 (6 
U.S.C. 314a); 
(G) title III of the McKinney-Vento Home-
less Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11331 et seq.); 
(H) the Department of Homeland Security 
Appropriations Act, 2007 (Public Law 109– 
295); 
(I) the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 
2013 (Public Law 113–2); 
(J) the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115–254); 
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(K) the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115–123); 
(L) the Implementing Recommendations of 
the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (Public Law 
110–53); and 
(M) any other relevant laws relating to the 
Agency. 
(b) INSPECTOR GENERAL.—There shall be trans-
ferred to the Inspector General of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency all of the functions relating to the 
Inspector General that were transferred from the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency to the Department of 
Homeland Security on or after January 1, 2003. 
(c) EXCEPTIONS.— 
(1) PROGRAMS
UNAFFECTED.—The following 
programs shall not be affected by this Act and shall 
remain within the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity: 
(A) The grant programs authorized by sec-
tions 1406, 1513, and 1532 of the Imple-
menting Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis-
sion Act (6 U.S.C. 1135, 1163, and 1182). 
(B) The grant program authorized by sec-
tion 70107 of title 46, United States Code. 
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(C) Programs authorized in subtitle A of 
title XX of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 603 et seq.). 
(2) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.—With 
respect to the programs under paragraph (1), the 
Secretary of Homeland Security and the Adminis-
trator shall enter into a memorandum of under-
standing providing that— 
(A) during the transition period under sub-
section (e), the Administrator shall continue to 
administer such programs; and 
(B) the Administrator may assess a fee on 
the Secretary for the administration of such 
programs and any additional programs, as con-
sidered necessary by the Administrator or the 
Secretary. 
(d) UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATOR; FED-
ERAL INSURANCE ADMINISTRATOR.—Nothing in this Act 
shall be construed to affect the appointment of the United 
States Fire Administrator under section 5(b) of the Fire 
Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 2204(b)) 
or the Federal Insurance Administrator under section 
1105(a) of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 
1968 (42 U.S.C. 4129). 
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(e) TRANSITION PERIOD.—The transfers under this 
section shall be carried out not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act. During the transition 
period, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide 
to the Administrator such assistance, including the use of 
personnel and assets, as the Administrator may request 
in preparing for the transfer. 
(f) TRANSITION.—The Administrator may use— 
(1) the services of such officers, employees, and 
other personnel of the Department of Homeland Se-
curity with respect to functions transferred by this 
section; and 
(2) funds appropriated to such functions for 
such period of time as may reasonably be needed to 
facilitate the orderly implementation of this section. 
(g) LIAISON OFFICE TO ENSURE COORDINATION 
WITH DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.—The Ad-
ministrator shall establish a liaison office within the Agen-
cy to ensure adequate coordination with the Department 
of Homeland Security. 
SEC. 16. PERSONNEL AND OTHER TRANSFERS. 
(a) PERSONNEL PROVISIONS.— 
(1) APPOINTMENTS.—The Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency may ap-
point and fix the compensation of such officers and 
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employees, including investigators, attorneys, and 
administrative law judges, as may be necessary to 
carry out the respective functions transferred under 
section 15. Except as otherwise provided by law, 
such officers and employees shall be appointed in ac-
cordance with the civil service laws and their com-
pensation fixed in accordance with title 5, United 
States Code. 
(2) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Admin-
istrator may obtain the services of experts and con-
sultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, 
United States Code, and compensate such experts 
and consultants for each day (including travel time) 
during which they are engaged in the actual per-
formance of such services at rates not in excess of 
the rate of pay for level IV of the Executive Sched-
ule under section 5315 of such title. The Adminis-
trator may pay experts and consultants who are 
serving away from their homes or regular place of 
business, travel expenses and per diem in lieu of 
subsistence at rates authorized by sections 5702 and 
5703 of such title for persons in Government service 
employed intermittently. 
(b) DELEGATION AND ASSIGNMENT.—Except where 
otherwise expressly prohibited by law or otherwise pro-
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vided by this division, the Administrator may delegate any 
of the functions transferred to the Administrator by sec-
tion 15 and any function transferred or granted to the 
Administrator after the date of the transfers by section 
15 to such officers and employees of the Agency as the 
Administrator may designate and may authorize succes-
sive redelegations of such functions as may be necessary 
or appropriate. No delegation of functions by the Adminis-
trator under this subsection or under any other provision 
of this division shall relieve the Administrator of responsi-
bility for the administration of such functions. 
(c) REORGANIZATION.—The Administrator may allo-
cate or reallocate any function transferred under section 
15 among the officers of the Agency, and may establish, 
consolidate, alter, or discontinue such organizational enti-
ties in the Agency as may be necessary or appropriate if 
the Administrator, on or before the 30th day preceding 
the date of the allocation or reallocation, provides to Con-
gress written notice of the allocation or reallocation. 
(d) RULES.—The Administrator may prescribe, in ac-
cordance with the provisions of chapters 5 and 6 of title 
5, United States Code, such rules and regulations as the 
Administrator determines necessary or appropriate to ad-
minister and manage the functions of the Agency. 
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(e) TRANSFER AND ALLOCATIONS OF APPROPRIA-
TIONS AND PERSONNEL.—Except as otherwise provided 
in this division, the personnel employed in connection with, 
and the assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and 
unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, al-
locations, and other funds employed, used, held, arising 
from, available to, or to be made available in connection 
with the functions transferred by section 15, subject to 
section 1531 of title 31, United States Code, shall be 
transferred to the Agency. Unexpended funds transferred 
pursuant to this subsection shall be used only for the pur-
poses for which the funds were originally authorized and 
appropriated. 
(f) INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS.—The Director of the 
Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with 
the Administrator, may make such determinations as may 
be necessary with regard to the functions transferred by 
section 15, and may make such additional incidental dis-
positions of personnel, assets, liabilities, grants, contracts, 
property, records, and unexpended balances of appropria-
tions, authorizations, allocations, and other funds held, 
used, arising from, available to, or to be made available 
in connection with such functions, as may be necessary 
to carry out the provisions of this division. The Director 
of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide for 
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the termination of the affairs of all entities terminated by 
this division and for such further measures and disposi-
tions as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of 
this division. 
(g) EFFECT ON PERSONNEL.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Except as otherwise pro-
vided by this division, the transfer pursuant to this 
division of full-time personnel (except special Gov-
ernment employees) and part-time personnel holding 
permanent positions shall not cause any such em-
ployee to be separated or reduced in grade or com-
pensation for one year after the date of transfer of 
such employee under this division. 
(2) EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE POSITIONS.—Except 
as otherwise provided in this division, any person 
who, on the day preceding the date of the transfers 
of functions under section 15, held a position com-
pensated in accordance with the Executive Schedule 
prescribed in chapter 53 of title 5, United States 
Code, and who, without a break in service, is ap-
pointed in the Agency to a position having duties 
comparable to the duties performed immediately pre-
ceding such appointment shall continue to be com-
pensated in such new position at not less than the 
rate provided for such previous position, for the du-
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ration of the service of such person in such new po-
sition. 
SEC. 17. SAVING PROVISIONS. 
(a) CONTINUING EFFECT OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS.— 
All orders, determinations, rules, regulations, permits, 
agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, licenses, reg-
istrations, privileges, and other administrative actions— 
(1) which have been issued, made, granted, or 
allowed to become effective by the President, any 
Federal agency or official thereof, or by a court of 
competent jurisdiction, in the performance of func-
tions that are transferred under section 15; and 
(2) which are in effect on the date of the trans-
fers of functions under section 15, or were final be-
fore such date and are to become effective on or 
after such date, shall continue in effect according to 
their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, 
set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by the 
President, the Administrator, or other authorized of-
ficial, a court of competent jurisdiction, or by oper-
ation of law. 
(b) PROCEEDINGS NOT AFFECTED.—The provisions 
of this division shall not affect any proceedings, including 
notices of proposed rulemaking, or any application for any 
license, permit, certificate, or financial assistance pending 
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before the Agency on the date of the transfers of functions 
under section 15, with respect to functions transferred by 
section 15, but such proceedings and applications shall 
continue. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, ap-
peals shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be 
made pursuant to such orders, as if this division had not 
been enacted, and orders issued in any such proceedings 
shall continue in effect until modified, terminated, super-
seded, or revoked by a duly authorized official, by a court 
of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law. Nothing 
in this subsection shall be deemed to prohibit the dis-
continuance or modification of any such proceeding under 
the same terms and conditions and to the same extent that 
such proceeding could have been discontinued or modified 
if this division had not been enacted. 
(c) SUITS NOT AFFECTED.—The provisions of this 
division shall not affect suits commenced before the date 
of the transfers of functions under section 15, and in all 
such suits, proceedings shall be had, appeals taken, and 
judgments rendered in the same manner and with the 
same effect as if this division had not been enacted. 
(d) NONABATEMENT OF ACTIONS.—No suit, action, 
or other proceeding commenced by or against the Agency, 
or by or against any individual in the official capacity of 
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such individual as an officer of the Agency, shall abate 
by reason of the enactment of this division. 
(e) ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS RELATING TO PRO-
MULGATION OF REGULATIONS.—Any administrative ac-
tion relating to the preparation or promulgation of a regu-
lation by the Agency relating to a function transferred 
under section 15 may be continued by the Agency with 
the same effect as if this division had not been enacted. 
SEC. 18. REFERENCES. 
(a) REFERENCES TO FEMA.—Any reference to the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency in any law, Ex-
ecutive order, rule, regulation, certificate, directive, in-
struction, delegation of authority, or other official paper 
shall be considered to refer and apply to the Agency estab-
lished by section 11. 
(b) REFERENCES TO ADMINISTRATOR OF FEMA.— 
Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency in any law, Executive order, 
rule, regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, delega-
tion of authority, or other official paper shall be consid-
ered to refer and apply to the Administrator established 
by section 12(a)(1). 
(c) REFERENCES
TO INSPECTOR GENERAL.—Any 
reference to the Inspector General of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency or to the functions relating to 
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such office that were transferred from the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency to the Department of Home-
land Security on or after January 1, 2003, in any law, 
Executive order, rule, regulation, certificate, directive, in-
struction, delegation of authority, or other official paper 
shall be considered to refer and apply to the Inspector 
General established by section 14 or to the functions re-
lated to the office of such Inspector General. 
SEC. 19. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 
WORKING CAPITAL FUND. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is hereby established in 
the Treasury a revolving fund for the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency for operation of any Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency headquarters, multi-discipline 
facility to be known as the ‘‘Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency Working Capital Fund’’. 
(b) FEES FOR SERVICES.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator of the 
Federal 
Emergency 
Management 
Agency 
may 
charge a fee for services and equipment provided at 
any Federal Emergency Management Agency head-
quarters, multi-discipline facility to the Department 
of Homeland Security, other Federal agencies, and 
other sources authorized by law, and shall deposit 
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such fees charged into the account of the revolving 
fund established under this section. 
(2) FEE AMOUNT.—The Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency shall set 
the fee authorized under this subsection at rates 
that will return in full all expenses of operation for 
the facility or facilities, including accrued leave, de-
preciation of fund plant and equipment, amortiza-
tion of automated data processing software and sys-
tems (either acquired or donated), and an amount 
necessary to maintain reasonable operating reserve 
as determined by the Administrator. 
(3) ADVANCE
OF
FUNDS.—Participants re-
questing services or equipment at the facility or fa-
cilities shall pay for such services and equipment by 
advance of funds— 
(A) if the Administrator determines that 
amounts in the revolving fund are otherwise in-
sufficient to cover the costs of providing such 
equipment and services; or 
(B) upon agreement between the partici-
pants and the Administrator. 
(c) CONTENTS OF FUND.—The revolving fund estab-
lished under this section shall consist of the following 
amounts: 
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(1) Amounts deposited by the Administrator 
under subsection (b). 
(2) Any other amounts received by the Adminis-
trator which are attributable to the programs cov-
ered by the fund. 
(3) Such other amounts as may be appropriated 
under law. 
(d) USE OF AMOUNTS.—Amounts deposited into the 
revolving fund established under this section shall be avail-
able for the necessary expenses of operating the facility 
or facilities, including the provision of equipment and serv-
ices on a fee basis as authorized under subsection (b). 
(e) DEPOSIT OF FUNDS DURING TRANSITION.—Not-
withstanding section 506 of the Department of Homeland 
Security Appropriations Act, 2004 (Public Law 108–90; 
31 U.S.C. 501 note) (as extended by section 504 of the 
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 
2023 (division F of Public Law 117–328), and any subse-
quent law), there shall be transferred to the revolving fund 
established under this section the assets, liabilities, con-
tracts, inventory, equipment, property, records, and unex-
pended balance of appropriations and other funds held, 
used, arising from, available to, or to be made available 
to the Department of Homeland Security Working Capital 
Fund for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. 
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Unexpended funds transferred pursuant to this paragraph 
shall be merged with the revolving fund and shall be avail-
able as authorized by this section. 
SEC. 20. IMPROVING DISASTER ASSISTANCE FOR VET-
ERANS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (15 U.S.C. 
5141 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 328. DESIGNATION OF VETERANS ADVOCATE. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The President shall designate in 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency a Veterans 
Advocate. 
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The Veterans Advocate 
shall be an advocate for the fair treatment of veterans in 
the provision of assistance under this Act. 
‘‘(c) DUTIES.—The Veterans Advocate shall— 
‘‘(1) participate in the disaster declaration 
process under section 401 and the emergency dec-
laration process under section 501 to ensure that the 
needs of veterans are being addressed; 
‘‘(2) serve as the primary point of contact be-
tween veterans service organizations and the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency; 
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‘‘(3) identify opportunities for expanded veteran 
recruitment for Federal Emergency Management 
Agency employment, including Federal Emergency 
Management Agency reservist positions; and 
‘‘(4) conduct such other activities as the Ad-
ministrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency considers appropriate.’’. 
(b) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in the 
amendment made by this section shall be construed to au-
thorize major disaster or emergency assistance under the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assist-
ance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) that is not authorized 
as of the date of enactment of this Act. 
TITLE II—OFFICES AND FUNC-
TIONS OF FEDERAL EMER-
GENCY MANAGEMENT AGEN-
CY 
SEC. 21. NATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT. 
(a) OTHER OFFICERS.—Section 103(a)(1) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 113(a)(1)) is 
amended— 
(1) by striking subparagraph (D); and 
(2) 
by 
redesignating 
subparagraphs 
(E) 
through (K) as subparagraphs (D) through (J), re-
spectively. 
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(b) REPEALS.—Sections 503, 504, and 506 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 316), and the 
items relating to such sections in section 1(b) of such Act, 
are repealed. 
(c) REGIONAL OFFICES.—Section 507 of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 317) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(2)(A) by striking ‘‘and 
homeland security’’; and 
(2) in subsection (f)(3) by striking ‘‘other than 
the Department’’. 
(d) NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL.—Section 508 of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 318) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of the Post-Katrina 
Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, 
the Secretary shall establish’’ and inserting 
‘‘There is established’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘protection,’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)(2) by striking ‘‘adminis-
tered by the Department’’; and 
(3) in subsection (c)(1)(D) by striking ‘‘protec-
tion,’’; 
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(e) NATIONAL
INTEGRATION
CENTER.—Section 
509(c)(1) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
319(c)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A) by striking ‘‘Secretary, 
acting through the Administrator,’’ and inserting 
‘‘Administrator’’; and 
(2) in subparagraph (B)(i) by striking ‘‘, the 
Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary under 
section 503(c)(4)’’. 
(f) EVACUATION PLANS AND EXERCISES.—Section 
512 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
321a) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by inserting ‘‘, in coordi-
nation with the Administrator,’’ after ‘‘may’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ and inserting ‘‘Secretary’’. 
(g) DEPARTMENT AND AGENCY OFFICIALS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 514 of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321c) is 
amended by striking ‘‘(a) DEPUTY’’ and all that fol-
lows through ‘‘The Administrator of the’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘The Administrator of the’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The item relating 
to section 514 in the table of contents in section 
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1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘514. United States Fire Administration.’’. 
(h) NATIONAL OPERATIONS CENTER.—Section 515 
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321d) 
is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘Department’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Agency’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c) by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ 
each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Administrator’’. 
(i) NUCLEAR INCIDENT RESPONSE.—Section 517 of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321f)— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Department’’ each place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘Agency’’; and 
(2) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘direction of the Sec-
retary’’ and inserting ‘‘direction of the Adminis-
trator’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘control of the Secretary’’ 
and inserting ‘‘control of the Administrator’’. 
(j) CONDUCT
OF CERTAIN PUBLIC HEALTH-RE-
LATED ACTIVITIES.—Section 518 of the Homeland Secu-
rity Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321g) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘collaboration 
with the Secretary’’ and inserting ‘‘collaboration 
with the Administrator’’; and 
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(2) in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘with the Sec-
retary’’ and inserting ‘‘with the Administrator’’. 
(k) USE OF NATIONAL PRIVATE SECTOR NETWORKS 
IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE.—Section 519 of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321h) is amended 
by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ and inserting ‘‘Administrator’’. 
(l) PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE ACT.— 
(1) PROCUREMENT
OF
SECURITY
COUNTER-
MEASURES FOR STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE.— 
Section 319F–2 of the Public Health Service Act 
(42 U.S.C. 247d–6b) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(1) by striking ‘‘and 
in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland 
Security (referred to in this section as the 
‘Homeland Security Secretary’)’’ and inserting 
‘‘and in coordination with the Administrator of 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
(referred to in this section as the ‘Adminis-
trator’)’’; and 
(B) in subsection (c)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘Homeland Security 
Secretary’’ each place it appears and in-
serting ‘‘Administrator’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (2)(C)— 
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(I) by striking ‘‘Secretary of 
Homeland Security’’ and inserting 
‘‘Administrator’’; and 
(II) by inserting ‘‘, the Com-
mittee on Transportation and Infra-
structure,’’ after ‘‘Energy and Com-
merce’’. 
(2) IMPROVING
STATE
AND
LOCAL
PUBLIC 
HEALTH SECURITY.—Section 319C–1(f) of the Pub-
lic Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–3a(f)) is 
amended— 
(A) in the heading by striking ‘‘HOME-
LAND
SECURITY’’ and inserting ‘‘FEDERAL 
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Homeland 
Security’’ and inserting ‘‘Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency’’. 
(3) PARTNERSHIPS FOR STATE AND REGIONAL 
HOSPITAL PREPAREDNESS TO IMPROVE SURGE CA-
PACITY.—Section 319C–2(d)(2)(B) of the Public 
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–3b(d)(2)(B)) is 
amended by inserting ‘‘and the Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency’’ after 
‘‘Homeland Security’’. 
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(4) FACILITIES AND CAPACITIES OF THE CEN-
TERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION.— 
Section 319D(c)(2)(B) of the Public Health Service 
Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–4(c)(2)(B)) is amended by in-
serting ‘‘the Administrator of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency,’’ after ‘‘Homeland Secu-
rity,’’. 
(5) EMERGENCY SYSTEM FOR ADVANCE REG-
ISTRATION
OF
VOLUNTEER
HEALTH
PROFES-
SIONAL.—Section 319I(f) of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act (42 U.S.C. 247d–7b(f)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Secretary of Homeland 
Security’’ and inserting ‘‘Administrator of the 
Federal Emergency Management Agency’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘Department of Homeland 
Security’’ and inserting ‘‘Federal Emergency 
Management Agency’’. 
(m) GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS.—Section 
523 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
321l) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘the Adminis-
trator and the Director of the Cybersecurity and In-
frastructure Security Agency, in consultation with 
the private sector’’ and inserting ‘‘the Adminis-
trator, in consultation with the Director of the Cy-
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bersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and 
the private sector’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)(2) by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ 
and inserting ‘‘Administrator’’. 
(n) VOLUNTARY PRIVATE SECTOR PREPAREDNESS 
ACCREDITATION
AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 524 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
321m) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking paragraphs (1) 
through (3) and inserting the following: ‘‘The Ad-
ministrator shall establish and implement the vol-
untary private sector preparedness accreditation and 
certification program in accordance with this sec-
tion.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘designated of-
ficer’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’. 
(o) ACCEPTANCE
OF GIFTS.—Section 525 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 321n) is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ each place it ap-
pears and inserting ‘‘Administrator’’; 
(2) in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) 
by striking ‘‘Department’’ and inserting ‘‘Agency’’; 
and 
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(3) in subsection (c)(1) by inserting ‘‘the Com-
mittee on Transportation and Infrastructure and’’ 
after ‘‘submit to’’. 
(p) NATIONAL PLANNING AND EDUCATION.—Section 
527 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
321p) is amended by striking ‘‘Secretary’’ and inserting 
‘‘Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary,’’. 
(q) COORDINATION OF DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 
SECURITY EFFORTS RELATED TO FOOD, AGRICULTURE, 
AND VETERINARY DEFENSE AGAINST TERRORISM.—Sec-
tion 528(c) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 321q(c)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Agriculture or’’ and inserting 
‘‘Agriculture,’’; and 
(2) by inserting ‘‘,or the Administrator’’ before 
the period at the end. 
(r) CONTINUITY OF THE ECONOMY PLAN.—Section 
9603 of division A of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(6 U.S.C. 622) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(1)— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (H) 
and (I) as subparagraphs (I) and (J); and 
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (G) 
the following: 
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‘‘(H) the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency;’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)(1)— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (S) 
and (T) as subparagraphs (T) and (U); and 
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (R) 
the following: 
‘‘(S) the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representa-
tives;’’. 
(s) JOINT TASK FORCES.—Section 708(b)(2)(B) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
348(b)(2)(B)) is amended— 
(1) in clause (i)— 
(A) 
by 
striking 
‘‘including 
section 
504(a)(3)(A),’’; and 
(B) in subclause (II) by striking ‘‘para-
graphs (3) and (4)(A) of section 503(c) and 
section 509(c) of this Act,’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
FEMA Act of 2025’’; and 
(2) in clause (ii) by striking ‘‘, including’’ and 
all that follows through ‘‘section 506’’. 
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TITLE III—RELATED MATTERS 
SEC. 31. CHANGES TO ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the President shall amend Homeland Security 
Presidential Directive–5, Homeland Security Presidential 
Directive–8, Presidential Policy Directive–8, and any 
other similar administrative document to reflect the 
changes made by this division and the amendments made 
by this division. 
SEC. 32. RECOMMENDED LEGISLATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—After consultation with Congress, 
the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency shall prepare recommended legislation containing 
additional technical and conforming amendments to reflect 
the changes made by this division. 
(b) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 90 
days after the last day of the transition period referred 
to in section 15(e), the Administrator shall submit to Con-
gress a report containing the recommended legislation. 
DIVISION B—FEMA REFORMS 
TITLE I—PUBLIC ASSISTANCE 
REFORMS 
SEC. 101. REBUILDING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title IV of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
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5170 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 408 
the following: 
‘‘SEC. 409. EXPEDITED REPAIR, RESTORATION, AND RE-
PLACEMENT OF DAMAGED FACILITIES. 
‘‘(a) GRANTS FOR REPAIR, RESTORATION, RECON-
STRUCTION, OR REPLACEMENT OF A PUBLIC FACILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The President may make 
grants— 
‘‘(A) to a State or local government for the 
repair, restoration, reconstruction, or replace-
ment of a public facility damaged or destroyed 
by a major disaster; and 
‘‘(B) subject to paragraph (2), to a person 
that owns or operates a private nonprofit facil-
ity damaged or destroyed by a major disaster 
for the repair, restoration, reconstruction, or re-
placement of the facility. 
‘‘(2) CONDITIONS FOR ASSISTANCE TO PRIVATE 
NONPROFIT FACILITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The President may 
make grants to a private nonprofit facility 
under paragraph (1)(B) only if— 
‘‘(i) the facility provides critical serv-
ices (as defined by the President) in the 
event of a major disaster; or 
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‘‘(ii) the owner or operator of the fa-
cility— 
‘‘(I) has applied for a disaster 
loan under section 7(b) of the Small 
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(b)); and 
‘‘(II)(aa) has been determined to 
be ineligible for such a loan; or 
‘‘(bb) has obtained such a loan in 
the maximum amount for which the 
Small Business Administration deter-
mines the facility is eligible. 
‘‘(B) RELIGIOUS
FACILITIES.—A church, 
synagogue, mosque, temple, or other house of 
worship, educational facility, or any other pri-
vate nonprofit facility shall be eligible for 
grants under paragraph (1)(B), without regard 
to the religious character of the facility or the 
primary religious use of the facility. No house 
of worship, educational facility, or any other 
private nonprofit facility may be excluded from 
receiving grants under paragraph (1)(B) be-
cause leadership or membership in the organi-
zation operating the house of worship is limited 
to persons who share a religious faith or prac-
tice. 
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‘‘(C) DEFINITION
OF
CRITICAL
SERV-
ICES.—In this paragraph, the term ‘critical 
services’ includes power, water (including water 
provided by an irrigation organization or facil-
ity), sewer, wastewater treatment, communica-
tions (including broadcast and telecommuni-
cations), education, food and emergency supply 
distribution, and emergency medical care. 
‘‘(3) NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—The Presi-
dent shall notify the following committees not later 
than 30 days after making any contribution under 
this section in an amount greater than $20,000,000: 
‘‘(A) The Committee on Homeland Secu-
rity and Governmental Affairs of the Senate. 
‘‘(B) The Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representa-
tives. 
‘‘(C) The Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate. 
‘‘(D) The Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives. 
‘‘(b) GRANT REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) USE
OF
GRANT
FUNDS.—Grant funds 
made to a State, local government, or a person that 
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owns or operates a private nonprofit facility under 
this section may be used— 
‘‘(A) to repair, restore, reconstruct, or re-
place the public or private nonprofit facility 
damaged or destroyed by a major disaster to 
applicable building codes as of the time of re-
pair, restoration, reconstruction, or replace-
ment, including incorporating mitigation meas-
ures consistent with disaster risks for the geo-
graphical area; 
‘‘(B) to repair, restore, incorporate mitiga-
tion measures, or expand other selected public 
facilities; 
‘‘(C) to construct new facilities; 
‘‘(D) and combined to construct a consoli-
dated facility or facilities of a State, local gov-
ernment, or owner or operator of a private non-
profit facility; or 
‘‘(E) to fund hazard mitigation measures 
that the State or local government determines 
necessary to meet a need for governmental serv-
ices and functions in the area affected by the 
major disaster. 
‘‘(2) COST ESTIMATION.— 
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‘‘(A) AMOUNT OF GRANTS.—The amount 
of a grant made available pursuant to sub-
section (a) shall be determined, without regard 
to preexisting condition, based on the estimated 
cost to repair, restore, reconstruct, or replace 
the public or private nonprofit facility damaged 
or destroyed by a major disaster to applicable 
building codes as of the time of repair, restora-
tion, reconstruction, or replacement. Such cost 
estimate shall— 
‘‘(i) be developed by an appropriately 
licensed professional; 
‘‘(ii) include the cost of incorporating 
mitigation measures consistent with dis-
aster risks for the geographical area; 
‘‘(iii) include associated expenses in-
cluding labor costs, management costs, 
materials, and any other costs to repair, 
restore, reconstruct, or replace the im-
pacted facility; and 
‘‘(iv) include the cost of developing 
such estimate. 
‘‘(B) PRESUMPTION
OF
ACCURACY.—The 
cost estimate carried out under subparagraph 
(A) shall be presumed to be accurate and rea-
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sonable unless there is evidence of criminal 
fraud. 
‘‘(3) SUBMISSION.—Upon submission by the 
applicant of the cost estimate carried out under 
paragraph (2), any review by the Administrator shall 
be completed not later than 90 days after the receipt 
of such estimate. In evaluating whether such cost es-
timation is accurate and reasonable, the Adminis-
trator may not consider preexisting condition and 
the evaluation shall be conducted by an appro-
priately licensed professional with familiarity with 
the relevant geographical location, including market 
considerations and availability of labor and materials 
for the applicable project. Unless there is evidence of 
criminal fraud, such estimate shall be deemed to be 
approved not later than 90 days after the submis-
sion of such estimate. 
‘‘(4) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Not later than 
30 days after the approval of a cost estimate under 
this subsection, the Administrator shall make the 
grant funds available to the applicant. 
‘‘(5) ONE-TIME ADJUSTMENT.—Not later than 
2 years after such approval, the State, local govern-
ment, or person that owns or operates a private non-
profit facility may submit a revised cost estimate to 
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account for changes in labor, material, or other costs 
associated with fluctuations in the market. Upon re-
ceipt of a revised cost estimate, the Administrator 
shall review such revision in the same manner and 
with the same time limitations as apply to the initial 
cost estimate. 
‘‘(6) FINALITY OF APPROVALS.—Upon approval 
of the grant or one-time adjustment, notwith-
standing any other provision of law, including sec-
tion 3716(e) of title 31, United States Code, unless 
there is evidence of criminal fraud, no legal or ad-
ministrative action with respect to such approval or 
adjustment, as applicable, to recover any payment 
under this section shall be initiated in any forum. 
‘‘(7) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
LARGE, COMPLEX 
PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A State, local govern-
ment, or owner or operator of a private non-
profit facility may, with the approval of the Ad-
ministrator, designate a large, complex infra-
structure project as a phased project. 
‘‘(B) SUBMISSION OF COST ESTIMATES.— 
With respect to projects designated under sub-
paragraph (A), the respective applicant may 
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submit cost estimates for each phase designated 
for such project. 
‘‘(C) APPROVALS.—The submissions for 
each phase under subparagraph (B) shall be ap-
proved in the same manner and with the same 
limitations as outlined in paragraphs (3) 
through (5). 
‘‘(8) DEADLINE.—All cost estimates submitted 
under this section shall be submitted not later than 
5 years after the date of the respective major dis-
aster declaration under this title, unless the 5-year 
period is extended by the President. 
‘‘(9) PROGRESS REPORTS.— 
‘‘(A) REPORTS.—A State, local govern-
ment, or owner or operator of a private non-
profit facility that receives funding under this 
section shall, for each major disaster declared 
for which funding was provided under this sec-
tion, submit an annual progress report to the 
Administrator that includes— 
‘‘(i) a list with descriptions of projects 
funded; 
‘‘(ii) a list and number of projects 
permitted and commenced; 
‘‘(iii) a list of completed projects; and 
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‘‘(iv) a list of remaining projects and 
the status of such projects. 
‘‘(B) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—Upon re-
ceipt of a report under this paragraph, the Ad-
ministrator shall make such report publicly 
available on the website of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency. 
‘‘(10) INSPECTOR
GENERAL
REVIEW.—Not 
later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this section and annually thereafter, the inspector 
general of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency, established in section 14 of the FEMA Act 
of 2025, shall conduct a review and submit to the 
committees described in subsection (a)(3) a report 
containing— 
‘‘(A) a sampling of cost estimates approved 
in the prior year and assess their reasonable-
ness taking into account labor, material, and 
market conditions in the relevant locality at the 
time of the estimate; 
‘‘(B) information on whether the Adminis-
trator has placed any overly burdensome re-
quirements on the applicant in the submission 
process, including whether or not the Adminis-
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trator has failed to accept submissions based on 
nonsubstantive or technical reasons; and 
‘‘(C) any evidence of criminal fraud and 
whether there have been any referrals for fur-
ther investigation or prosecution. 
‘‘(11) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
‘‘(A) APPLICABLE BUILDING CODES.—The 
term ‘applicable building codes’ means the lat-
est 2 published editions of relevant consensus- 
based codes, specifications, and standards, in-
cluding amendments made by State, local, In-
dian tribal, or territorial governments during 
the adoption process that incorporate the latest 
hazard-resistant designs and establish criteria 
for design, construction, and maintenance for 
the relevant project. 
‘‘(B) APPROPRIATELY LICENSED PROFES-
SIONAL.—The term ‘appropriately licensed pro-
fessional’ means an individual who is an engi-
neer, 
architect, 
builder, 
cost 
estimator, 
tradesperson, or similar professional (or com-
binations thereof, as needed) that is licensed, 
certified, or authorized to work in the relevant 
State to perform the type of work related to 
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producing a cost estimate for the relevant 
project described under this subsection. 
‘‘(c) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) MINIMUM
FEDERAL
SHARE.—Except as 
provided in paragraph (2), the Federal share of as-
sistance under this section shall be not less than 75 
percent of the estimated cost of repair, restoration, 
reconstruction, or replacement carried out under this 
section. 
‘‘(2) REDUCED FEDERAL SHARE.—The Presi-
dent may reduce the Federal share of assistance 
under this section to not less than 65 percent 
through a sliding scale following an event associated 
with a major disaster in which a State or Indian 
tribal government has failed to implement appro-
priate mitigation measures to address the hazard 
that caused the damage. Such mitigation measures 
shall include— 
‘‘(A) establishing and maintaining State- 
funded mitigation programs dedicated to invest-
ment in State and local mitigation projects for 
public and private nonprofit facilities other than 
projects carried out with Federal funds; 
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‘‘(B) maintaining specified insurance on 
the facilities subject to projects described under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(C) employing qualified State and local 
emergency management and personnel; and 
‘‘(D) using non-Federal funding sources to 
complete projects in the preapproved project 
mitigation plan approved under section 322(f). 
‘‘(3) INCREASED FEDERAL SHARE.— 
‘‘(A) INCENTIVE
MEASURES.—The Presi-
dent may provide incentives to a State or Tribal 
government to invest in measures that increase 
readiness for, and resilience from, a major dis-
aster by recognizing such investments through 
a sliding scale that increases the minimum Fed-
eral share to 85 percent. Such measures shall 
include— 
‘‘(i) establishing and maintaining a 
dedicated disaster account; 
‘‘(ii) establishing and maintaining 
State risk management programs with 
dedicated funding for third-party insurance 
policies, captive insurance, and actuarially 
sound self-insurance risk pools that insure 
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public facilities against future disaster 
risk; 
‘‘(iii) establishing and maintaining 
other disaster programs managed and 
funded by the State, including disaster as-
sistance to individuals; 
‘‘(iv) facilitating participation in the 
community rating system; 
‘‘(v) 
granting 
tax 
incentives 
for 
projects that reduce risk; 
‘‘(vi) facilitating the adoption and en-
forcement of 1 of the 2 latest editions of 
relevant consensus-based codes, specifica-
tions, and standards, including amend-
ments made by State, local, Indian tribal, 
or territorial governments during the adop-
tion process that incorporate the latest 
hazard-resistant designs and establish cri-
teria for the design, construction, and 
maintenance of residential structures and 
facilities that may be eligible for assistance 
under this Act for purposes of protecting 
the health, safety, and general welfare of 
the buildings’ users against disasters; 
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‘‘(vii) establishing robust floodplain 
management standards; 
‘‘(viii) updating State risk assess-
ments with future projections; 
‘‘(ix) integrating hazard mitigation 
planning into resource management plans; 
and 
‘‘(x) 
incorporating 
multi-beneficial 
natural systems and nature-based solutions 
in disaster resilience efforts. 
‘‘(B) SAVINGS CLAUSE.—Nothing in this 
paragraph prevents the President from increas-
ing the Federal cost share above 85 percent. 
‘‘(4) CONSIDERATIONS.—In making cost-share 
determinations under this subsection, the President 
shall consider— 
‘‘(A) whether a county, or county equiva-
lents, impacted by a disaster has done signifi-
cantly more to implement the resilience meas-
ures listed in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of 
paragraph (2) and clauses (i) through (x) of 
paragraph (3)(A); and 
‘‘(B) the total population and capacity of 
each State to implement such measures. 
‘‘(5) COMBINED SOURCES OF FUNDING.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Grant funding re-
ceived under this section may be used in com-
bination with other Federal funding and private 
sector funding. 
‘‘(B) CONFLICTING
STANDARDS.—In any 
case in which a building code or mitigation 
standard is in conflict across Federal agencies 
of a combined funding project described in sub-
paragraph (A), any codes or standards promul-
gated by the President, through the Adminis-
trator, pursuant to this Act shall be applied.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) SUNSETS.—Section 406 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5172) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(f) OPTIONS.—A State, local government, or owner 
or operator of a private nonprofit facility eligible for as-
sistance under this section for a project for which an appli-
cation has been submitted before the date of enactment 
of this subsection may opt to receive a grant pursuant to 
section 409 in lieu of contributions available under this 
section. 
‘‘(g) SUNSET.— 
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‘‘(1) LIMITATION ON APPLICATIONS.—No appli-
cation may be approved under this section if such 
application is submitted on or after the date that is 
180 days after the date of enactment of this sub-
section. 
‘‘(2) SUNSET OF CERTAIN AUTHORITIES.—The 
authorities under subsections (a) through (c) and 
subsections (e) through (f) of this section shall ter-
minate on December 31, 2032.’’. 
(2) PUBLIC
ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
ALTER-
NATIVE PROCEDURES.—Section 428 of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assist-
ance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘406,’’; 
(B) in subsection (e)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘The alternative proce-
dures’’ and all that follows through ‘‘and 
502(a)(5)—’’ and inserting ‘‘For debris re-
moval under sections 403(a)(3)(A), 407, 
and 502(a)(5), the President shall adopt 
alternative procedures for—’’; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(A) through (F) as paragraphs (1) through 
(6), respectively, and adjusting the mar-
gins accordingly; and 
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(iii) in paragraph (6), as so redesig-
nated, by redesignating clauses (i) through 
(iii) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), re-
spectively, and adjusting the margins ac-
cordingly; and 
(C) by striking subsection (h). 
(3) REPAIR, RESTORATION, AND REPLACEMENT 
OF DAMAGED FACILITIES.— 
(A) PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.— 
Section 203(i) of the Robert T. Stafford Dis-
aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5133(i)) is amended by inserting ‘‘409,’’ 
after ‘‘408,’’ each place it appears. 
(B) INSURANCE.—Section 311 of the Rob-
ert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5154) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1) by inserting 
‘‘or 409’’ after ‘‘section 406’’; 
(ii) in subsection (b) by inserting ‘‘or 
409’’ after ‘‘section 406’’; and 
(iii) in subsection (c) by striking ‘‘sec-
tion 406 or 422’’ and inserting ‘‘section 
406, 409, or 422’’ each place it appears. 
(C) 
MANAGEMENT
COSTS.—Section 
324(b)(2)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Dis-
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aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5165b(b)(2)(B)) is amended by insert-
ing ‘‘409,’’ after ‘‘407,’’. 
(D) 
SPECIFIED
INSURANCE.—Section 
406(d) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Re-
lief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5172(d)) is amended— 
(i) in paragraph (1) by striking 
‘‘available under this section’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘available under this section or section 
409’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (2) by striking 
‘‘under this section’’ and inserting ‘‘under 
this section or section 409’’. 
(E) 
SIMPLIFIED
PROCEDURE.—Section 
422(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Re-
lief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5189(a)) is amended— 
(i) in paragraph (1) by inserting ‘‘or 
409’’ after ‘‘section 406’’; and 
(ii) in the matter following paragraph 
(3) by striking ‘‘407, or 502’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘407, 409, or 502’’. 
(F) AGENCY
ACCOUNTABILITY.—Section 
430 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
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and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5189h) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a) by inserting ‘‘or 
409’’ after ‘‘section 406’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (e)(1) by inserting 
‘‘409,’’ after ‘‘407,’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall take effect on the date that is 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(d) REGULATIONS.— 
(1) APPLICATION.—Any regulations or policies 
in effect on the date of enactment of this Act related 
to Public Assistance or related assistance that con-
flict or are inconsistent with this section, including 
subsections (i), (k), and (l) of section 206.201 of 
title 44, Code of Federal Regulations, and section 
206.202 of such title shall not apply to section 409 
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emer-
gency Assistance Act, as added by this section. 
(2) NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall notify the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Homeland Security and Gov-
ernmental Affairs of the Senate of any regulations 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:36 Aug 02, 2025
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