described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the 
program described in paragraph (1) may be obli-
gated or expended for commercial application of en-
ergy technology. 
‘‘(d) MESOSCALE ELECTROCHEMISTRY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined 
mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries rel-
evant to— 
‘‘(A) 
bio-electrochemistry 
and 
electro-
chemical energy conversion and storage in con-
fined spaces; and 
‘‘(B) the dynamics of the phenomena de-
scribed in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of 
Biological and Environmental Research shall in-
vestigate phenomena of mesoscale electro-
chemical confinement for the purpose of repli-
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cating and controlling new electrochemical be-
havior; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to the 
program described in paragraph (1) may be obli-
gated or expended for commercial application of en-
ergy technology.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
amended by striking the item relating to section 975 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.’’. 
SEC. 304. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH. 
(a) AMERICAN SUPER COMPUTING LEADERSHIP.— 
(1) RENAMING OF ACT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the De-
partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi-
talization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; 
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Public Law 108–423) is amended by striking 
‘‘Department of Energy High-End Computing 
Revitalization Act of 2004’’ and inserting 
‘‘American Super Computing Leadership Act of 
2017’’. 
(B) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
976(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16316(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘De-
partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi-
talization Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘Amer-
ican Super Computing Leadership Act of 
2017’’. 
(2) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the American 
Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 
U.S.C. 5541) is amended— 
(A) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(2) 
through (5) as paragraphs (3) through (6), re-
spectively; 
(B) by striking paragraph (1) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
‘‘(2) 
EXASCALE
COMPUTING.—The 
term 
‘exascale computing’ means computing through the 
use of a computing machine that performs near or 
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above 10 to the 18th power operations per second.’’; 
and 
(C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (A)), by striking ‘‘, acting 
through the Director of the Office of Science of 
the Department of Energy’’. 
(3) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COM-
PUTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 
Section 3 of the American Super Computing Leader-
ship Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5542) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘pro-
gram’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinated program 
across the Department’’; 
(B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘, 
which may’’ and all that follows through ‘‘archi-
tectures’’; and 
(C) by striking subsection (d) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con-
duct a research program (referred to in this sub-
section as the ‘Program’) for exascale computing, in-
cluding the development of 2 or more exascale com-
puting machine architectures, to promote the mis-
sions of the Department. 
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‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) establish 2 or more National Lab-
oratory partnerships with industry part-
ners and institutions of higher education 
for the research and development of 2 or 
more exascale computing architectures 
across all applicable organizations of the 
Department; 
‘‘(ii) conduct mission-related codesign 
activities in developing the exascale com-
puting architectures under clause (i); 
‘‘(iii) develop such advancements in 
hardware and software technology as are 
required to fully realize the potential of an 
exascale production system in addressing 
Department target applications and solving 
scientific problems involving predictive 
modeling and simulation and large scale 
data analytics and management; 
‘‘(iv) explore the use of exascale com-
puting technologies to advance a broad 
range of science and engineering; and 
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‘‘(v) provide, as appropriate, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access 
for researchers in industries in the United 
States, institutions of higher education, 
National Laboratories, and other Federal 
agencies to the exascale computing systems 
developed pursuant to clause (i). 
‘‘(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—The Sec-
retary shall select the partnerships with the 
computing facilities of the Department under 
subparagraph (A) through a competitive, peer- 
review process. 
‘‘(3) CODESIGN
AND
APPLICATION
DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) carry out the Program through 
an integration of applications, computer 
science, applied mathematics, and com-
puter hardware architecture using the 
partnerships established pursuant to para-
graph (2) to ensure that, to the maximum 
extent practicable, 2 or more exascale com-
puting machine architectures are capable 
of solving Department target applications 
and broader scientific problems, including 
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predictive modeling and simulation and 
large scale data analytics and manage-
ment; and 
‘‘(ii) conduct outreach programs to in-
crease the readiness for the use of such 
platforms by domestic industries, including 
manufacturers. 
‘‘(B) REPORT.—The Secretary shall sub-
mit to Congress a report describing— 
‘‘(i) how the integration under sub-
paragraph (A) is furthering application 
science data and computational workloads 
across application interests, including na-
tional security, material science, physical 
science, cybersecurity, biological science, 
the Materials Genome and BRAIN Initia-
tives of the President, advanced manufac-
turing, and the national electric grid; and 
‘‘(ii) the roles and responsibilities of 
National Laboratories and industry, in-
cluding the definition of the roles and re-
sponsibilities within the Department to en-
sure an integrated program across the De-
partment. 
‘‘(4) PROJECT REVIEW.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The exascale architec-
tures developed pursuant to partnerships estab-
lished pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be re-
viewed through a project review process. 
‘‘(B) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
on— 
‘‘(i) the results of the review con-
ducted under subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the Program to ensure an inte-
grated research program across the De-
partment. 
‘‘(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the time of the 
budget submission of the Department for each fiscal 
year, the Secretary, in consultation with the mem-
bers of the partnerships established pursuant to 
paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report 
that describes funding for the Program as a whole 
by functional element of the Department and critical 
milestones.’’. 
(b) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
AND NET-
WORKING RESEARCH.—The Director shall support re-
search in high-performance computing and networking rel-
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evant to energy applications, including modeling, simula-
tion, and advanced data analytics for basic and applied 
energy research programs carried out by the Secretary. 
(c) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVEL-
OPMENT FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS.—The Di-
rector shall carry out activities to develop, test, and sup-
port— 
(1) mathematics, models, and algorithms for 
complex systems and programming environments; 
and 
(2) tools, languages, and operating systems for 
high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 
of the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 
2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)). 
SEC. 305. HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Director should incorporate the findings 
and recommendations of the report of the Particle 
Physics Project Prioritization Panel entitled ‘‘Build-
ing for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle 
Physics in the Global Context’’ into the planning 
process of the Department; and 
(2) the nations that lead in particle physics by 
hosting international teams dedicated to a common 
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scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and in-
spire future generations of physicists and tech-
nologists. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—The Direc-
tor, as practicable and in coordination with other appro-
priate Federal agencies as necessary, shall ensure the ac-
cess of United States researchers to the most advanced 
accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world, 
including the Large Hadron Collider. 
(c) NEUTRINO RESEARCH.—The Director shall carry 
out research activities on rare decay processes and the na-
ture of the neutrino, which may include collaborations 
with the National Science Foundation or international col-
laborations. 
(d) DARK
ENERGY
AND
DARK
MATTER
RE-
SEARCH.—The Director shall carry out research activities 
on the nature of dark energy and dark matter, which may 
include collaborations with the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration or the National Science Foundation; 
or international collaborations. 
SEC. 306. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry 
out research and development activities in fundamental, 
structural, computational, and systems biology to increase 
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systems-level understanding of the complex biological sys-
tems, which may include activities— 
(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowl-
edge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable 
production of— 
(A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
fuels; 
(B) bioenergy; and 
(C) biobased materials; 
(2) to improve understanding of the global car-
bon cycle, including processes for removing carbon 
dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis 
and other biological processes, for sequestration and 
storage; and 
(3) to understand the biological mechanisms 
used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami-
nants from subsurface environments. 
(b) LIMITATION FOR RESEARCH FUNDS.—The Di-
rector shall not approve new climate science-related initia-
tives without making a determination that such work is 
well-coordinated with any relevant work carried out by 
other Federal agencies. 
(c) LOW-DOSE RADIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a research program on low-dose radiation. 
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