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Foundation merit review process, and other 
issues that may negatively affect the Founda-
tion proposal and award process due to undue 
foreign interference. 
(6) RESEARCH
GRANTS.—The Director shall 
continue to award grants, on a competitive basis, to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit organi-
zations (or consortia of such institutions or organi-
zations) to support research on the conduct of re-
search and the research environment, including re-
search on research misconduct or breaches of re-
search integrity and detrimental research practices. 
(7) AUTHORITIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to existing 
authorities for preventing waste, fraud, abuse, 
and mismanagement of federal funds, the Di-
rector, acting through the Office of Research 
Security and Policy and in coordination with 
the Foundation’s Office of Inspector General, 
shall have the authority to— 
(i) conduct risk assessments, including 
through the use of open-source analysis 
and analytical tools, of research and devel-
opment award applications and disclosures 
to the Foundation, in coordination with the 
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Risk Assessment Center established in 
paragraph (5); 
(ii) request the submission to the 
Foundation, by an institution of higher 
education or other organization applying 
for a research and development award, of 
supporting documentation, including copies 
of contracts, grants, or any other agree-
ment specific to foreign appointments, em-
ployment with a foreign institution, partici-
pation in a foreign talent program and 
other information reported as current and 
pending support for all covered individuals 
in a research and development award ap-
plication; and 
(iii) upon receipt and review of the in-
formation provided under clause (ii) and in 
consultation with the institution of higher 
education or other organization submitting 
such information, initiate the substitution 
or removal of a covered individual from a 
research and development award, reduce 
the award funding amount, or suspend or 
terminate the award if the Director deter-
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mines such contracts, grants, or agree-
ments include obligations that— 
(I) interfere with the capacity for 
Foundation-supported activities to be 
carried out; or 
(II) 
create 
duplication 
with 
Foundation-supported activities. 
(B) LIMITATIONS.—In exercising the au-
thorities under this paragraph, the Director 
shall— 
(i) take necessary steps, as prac-
ticable, to protect the privacy of all covered 
individuals and other parties involved in 
the application and disclosure assessments 
under clause (A)(i); 
(ii) endeavor to provide justification 
for requests for supporting documentation 
made under clause (A)(ii); 
(iii) require that allegations be proven 
by a preponderance of evidence; and 
(iv) as practicable, afford subjects an 
opportunity to provide comments and re-
buttal and an opportunity to appeal before 
final administrative action is taken. 
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(8) MALIGN
FOREIGN
TALENT
RECRUITMENT 
PROGRAM PROHIBITION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 12 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Director shall establish a requirement that, 
as part of an application for a research and de-
velopment award from the agency— 
(i) each covered individual listed on 
the application for a research and develop-
ment award certify that they are not an 
active participant of a malign foreign tal-
ent recruitment program from a foreign 
country of concern and will not be a par-
ticipant in such a program for the duration 
of the award; and 
(ii) each institution of higher edu-
cation or other organization applying for 
such an award certify that each covered in-
dividual who is employed by the institution 
of higher education or other organization 
has been made aware of the requirement 
under this subsection. 
(B) INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION.— 
Each policy developed under subparagraph (A) 
shall not prohibit— 
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(i) making scholarly presentations re-
garding scientific information not other-
wise controlled under current law; 
(ii) participation in international con-
ferences or other international exchanges, 
partnerships or programs that involve open 
and reciprocal exchange of scientific infor-
mation, and which are aimed at advancing 
international scientific understanding; and 
(iii) 
other 
international 
activities 
deemed appropriate by the Director. 
(C) LIMITATION.—The policy developed 
under subparagraph (A) shall not apply retro-
actively to research and development awards 
made prior to the establishment of the policy by 
the Director. 
(9) SECURITY TRAINING MODULES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Di-
rector, in collaboration with the Director of the 
National Institutes of Health and other relevant 
Federal research agencies, shall enter into an 
agreement or contract with a qualified entity 
for the development of online research security 
training modules for the research community, 
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including modules focused on international col-
laboration and international travel, foreign in-
terference, and rules for proper use of funds, 
disclosure, conflict of commitment, and conflict 
of interest. 
(B) STAKEHOLDER INPUT.—Prior to en-
tering into the agreement under clause (A), the 
Director shall seek input from academic, private 
sector, intelligence, and law enforcement stake-
holders regarding the scope and content of 
training modules, including the diversity of 
needs across institutions of higher education 
and other grantees of different sizes and types, 
and recommendations for minimizing adminis-
trative burden on institutions of higher edu-
cation and researchers. 
(C) DEVELOPMENT.—The Director shall 
ensure that the entity identified in (A)— 
(i) develops modules that can be 
adapted and utilized across Federal re-
search agencies; and 
(ii) develops and implements a plan 
for regularly updating the modules as 
needed. 
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(D) GUIDELINES.—The Director, in col-
laboration with the Director of the National In-
stitutes of Health, shall develop guidelines for 
institutions of higher education and other orga-
nizations receiving Federal research and devel-
opment funds to use in developing their own 
training programs to address the unique needs, 
challenges, and risk profiles of such institu-
tions, including adoption of training modules 
developed under this paragraph. 
(E) 
IMPLEMENTATION.—Drawing 
on 
stakeholder input under subparagraph (B), not 
later than 12 months after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Director shall establish a 
requirement that, as part of an application for 
a research and development award from the 
Foundation— 
(i) each covered individual listed on 
the application for a research and develop-
ment award certify that they have com-
pleted research security training that 
meets the guidelines developed under 
clause (D) within one year of the applica-
tion; and 
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(ii) each institution of higher edu-
cation or other organization applying for 
such award certify that each covered indi-
vidual who is employed by the institution 
or organization and listed on the applica-
tion has been made aware of the require-
ment under this subparagraph. 
(10) RESPONSIBLE
CONDUCT
IN
RESEARCH 
TRAINING.—Section 7009 of the America Creating 
Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in 
Technology, Education, and Science Act (42 U.S.C. 
1862o–1) is amended by— 
(A) striking ‘‘and postdoctoral research-
ers’’ and inserting ‘‘postdoctoral researchers, 
faculty, and other senior personnel’’; and 
(B) by inserting before the period at the 
end the following ‘‘, including mentor training’’. 
(11) NATIONAL ACADEMIES GUIDE TO RESPON-
SIBLE CONDUCT IN RESEARCH.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Director shall enter into an agreement with 
the Academies to update the report entitled 
‘‘On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible 
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Conduct in Research’’ issued by the Academies. 
The report, as so updated, shall include— 
(i) updated professional standards of 
conduct in research; 
(ii) promising practices for preventing, 
addressing, and mitigating the negative 
impact of harassment, including sexual 
harassment and gender harassment as de-
fined in the 2018 Academies report enti-
tled ‘‘Sexual Harassment of Women: Cli-
mate, Culture, and Consequences in Aca-
demic Sciences, Engineering, and Medi-
cine’’; and 
(iii) promising practices for mitigating 
potential security risks that threaten re-
search integrity. 
(B) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months 
after the effective date of the agreement under 
subparagraph (A), the Academies, as part of 
such agreement, shall submit to the Director 
and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate the report re-
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ferred to in such subparagraph, as updated pur-
suant to such subparagraph. 
(e) RESEARCH ETHICS.— 
(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that— 
(A) a number of emerging areas of re-
search have potential ethical, social, safety, and 
security implications that might be apparent as 
early as the basic research stage; 
(B) the incorporation of ethical, social, 
safety, and security considerations into the re-
search design and review process for Federal 
awards, may help mitigate potential harms be-
fore they happen; 
(C) the Foundation’s agreement with the 
Academies to conduct a study and make rec-
ommendations with respect to governance of re-
search in emerging technologies is a positive 
step toward accomplishing this goal; and 
(D) the Foundation should continue to 
work with stakeholders to understand and 
adopt policies that promote best practices for 
governance of research in emerging technologies 
at every stage of research. 
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(2) ETHICS STATEMENTS.—Drawing on stake-
holder input, not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
amend award proposal instructions to include a re-
quirement for an ethics statement to be included as 
part of any proposal for funding prior to making the 
award. Such statement shall be considered by the 
Director in the review of proposals, taking into con-
sideration any relevant input from the peer-reviewers 
for the proposal, and shall factor into award deci-
sions as deemed necessary by the Director. Such 
statements may include, as appropriate— 
(A) any foreseeable or quantifiable risks to 
society, including how the research could enable 
products, technologies, or other outcomes that 
could intentionally or unintentionally cause sig-
nificant societal harm; 
(B) how technical or social solutions can 
mitigate such risks and, as appropriate, a plan 
to implement such mitigation measures; and 
(C) how partnerships and collaborations in 
the research can help mitigate potential harm 
and amplify potential societal benefits. 
(3) GUIDANCE.—The Director shall solicit 
stakeholder input to develop clear guidance on what 
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constitutes a foreseeable or quantifiable risk as de-
scribed in paragraph (2)(A), and to the extent prac-
ticable harmonize this policy with existing ethical 
policies or related requirements for human subjects. 
(4) RESEARCH.—The Director shall award 
grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
higher education or non-profit organizations (or con-
sortia of such institutions or organizations) to sup-
port— 
(A) research to assess the potential ethical 
and societal implications of Foundation-sup-
ported research and products or technologies 
enabled by such research, including the benefits 
and risks identified pursuant to paragraph 
(2)(A); and 
(B) the development and verification of ap-
proaches to proactively mitigate foreseeable 
risks to society, including the technical and so-
cial solutions identified pursuant to paragraph 
(2)(B). 
(5) ANNUAL REPORT.—The Director shall en-
courage awardees to update their ethics statements 
as appropriate as part of the annual reports re-
quired by all awardees under the award terms and 
conditions. 
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(f) 
RESEARCH
REPRODUCIBILITY
AND 
REPLICABILITY.—Consistent with existing Federal law for 
privacy, intellectual property, and security, the Director 
shall facilitate the public access to research products, in-
cluding data, software, and code, developed as part of 
Foundation-supported projects. 
(1) DATA MANAGEMENT PLANS.— 
(A) The Director shall require that every 
proposal for funding for research include a ma-
chine-readable data management plan that in-
cludes a description of how the awardee will ar-
chive and preserve public access to data, soft-
ware, and code developed as part of the pro-
posed project. 
(B) In carrying out the requirement in 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall— 
(i) provide necessary resources, in-
cluding trainings and workshops, to edu-
cate researchers and students on how to 
develop and review high quality data man-
agement plans; 
(ii) ensure program officers and merit 
review panels are equipped with the re-
sources and training necessary to review 
the quality of data management plans; and 
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(iii) ensure program officers and 
merit review panels treat data management 
plans as essential elements of grant pro-
posals, where appropriate. 
(2) 
OPEN
REPOSITORIES.—The 
Director 
shall— 
(A) coordinate with the heads of other 
Federal research agencies, and solicit input 
from the scientific community, to develop and 
widely disseminate a set of criteria for trusted 
open repositories, accounting for discipline-spe-
cific needs and necessary protections for sen-
sitive information, to be used by federally fund-
ed researchers for the sharing of data, software, 
and code; 
(B) work with stakeholders to identify sig-
nificant gaps in available repositories meeting 
the criteria developed under subparagraph (A) 
and options for supporting the development of 
additional or enhanced repositories; 
(C) award grants on a competitive basis to 
institutions of higher education or non-profit 
organizations (or consortia of such institutions 
or organizations) for the development, up-
grades, and maintenance of open data reposi-
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tories that meet the criteria developed under 
subparagraph (A); 
(D) work with stakeholders and build on 
existing models, where appropriate, to establish 
a single, public, web-based point of access to 
help users locate repositories storing data, soft-
ware, and code resulting from or used in Foun-
dation-supported projects; 
(E) work with stakeholders to establish the 
necessary policies and procedures and allocate 
the necessary resources to ensure, as prac-
ticable, data underlying published findings re-
sulting from Foundation-supported projects are 
deposited in repositories meeting the criteria 
developed under subparagraph (A) at the time 
of publication; 
(F) incentivize the deposition of data, soft-
ware, and code into repositories that meet the 
criteria developed under subparagraph (A); and 
(G) coordinate with the scientific pub-
lishing community to develop uniform consensus 
standards around data archiving and sharing. 
(3) RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, 
AND
EDU-
CATION.—The Director shall award grants, on a 
competitive basis to institutions of higher education 
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or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such in-
stitutions or organizations) to— 
(A) support research and development of 
open source, sustainable, usable tools and infra-
structure that support reproducibility for a 
broad range of studies across different dis-
ciplines; 
(B) support research on computational re-
producibility, including the limits of reproduc-
ibility and the consistency of computational re-
sults in the development of new computation 
hardware, tools, and methods; and 
(C) support the education and training of 
students, faculty, and researchers on computa-
tional methods, tools, and techniques to improve 
the quality and sharing of data, code, and sup-
porting metadata to produce reproducible re-
search. 
(g) CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall award 
grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
higher education or non-profit organizations (or con-
sortia of such institutions or organizations) to sup-
port research to improve our understanding of the 
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climate system and related human and environ-
mental systems. 
(2) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Activities funded by a 
grant under this subsection may include— 
(A) fundamental research on climate 
forcings, feedbacks, responses, and thresholds 
in the earth system, including impacts on and 
contributions from local and regional systems; 
(B) research on climate-related human be-
haviors and institutions; 
(C) research on climate-related risk, vul-
nerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity of 
coupled human-environment systems, including 
risks to ecosystem stability and risks to vulner-
able populations; 
(D) research to support the development 
and implementation of effective strategies and 
tools for mitigating and adapting to climate 
change, including social strategies and research 
focused on local level forecasting, impacts, and 
challenges; 
(E) research on the design, development, 
and assessment of effective information and de-
cision-support systems, including understanding 
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and developing effective dissemination path-
ways; 
(F) improved modeling, projections, anal-
yses, and assessments of climate and other 
Earth system changes; 
(G) research to understand the atmos-
pheric processes related to solar radiation man-
agement strategies and technologies and exam-
ine related economic, geopolitical, societal, envi-
ronmental, and ethical implications, not includ-
ing research designed to advance future deploy-
ment of these strategies and technologies; 
(H) the development of effective strategies 
for educating and training future climate 
change researchers, and climate change re-
sponse and mitigation professionals, in both re-
search and development methods, as well as 
community engagement and science commu-
nication; 
(I) the development of effective strategies 
for public and community engagement in the all 
stages of the research and development process; 
and 
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(J) partnerships with other agencies to ad-
dress climate related challenges for specific 
agency missions. 
(h) VIOLENCE RESEARCH.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall award 
grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
higher education or non-profit organizations (or con-
sortia of such institutions or organizations) to sup-
port research to improve our understanding of the 
nature, scope, causes, consequences, prevention, and 
response to all forms of violence. 
(2) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Activities funded by a 
grant under this subsection may include— 
(A) research on the magnitude and dis-
tribution of fatal and nonfatal violence; 
(B) research on risk and protective factors; 
(C) research on the design, development, 
implementation, and evaluation of interventions 
for preventing and responding to violence; 
(D) research on scaling up effective inter-
ventions; and 
(E) one or more interdisciplinary research 
centers to conduct violence research, foster new 
and expanded collaborations, and support ca-
pacity building activities to increase the number 
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and diversity of new researchers trained in 
cross-disciplinary violence research. 
(i) 
SOCIAL, 
BEHAVIORAL, 
AND
ECONOMIC 
SCIENCES.—The Director shall— 
(1) actively communicate opportunities and so-
licit proposals for social, behavioral, and economic 
science researchers to participate in cross-cutting 
and interdisciplinary programs, including the Con-
vergence Accelerator and agency priority activities, 
and the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure program; 
and 
(2) ensure social, behavioral, and economic 
science researchers are represented on relevant merit 
review panels for such activities. 
(j) MEASURING IMPACTS OF FEDERALLY FUNDED 
R&D.—The Director shall award grants on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher education or 
non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions 
or organizations) to support research and development of 
data, models, indicators, and associated analytical tools to 
improve our understanding of the impacts of Federally 
funded research on society, the economy, and the work-
force, including domestic job creation. 
(k) FOOD-ENERGY-WATER RESEARCH.—The Direc-
tor shall award grants on a competitive basis to institu-
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tions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
consortia of such institutions or organizations) to— 
(1) support research to significantly advance 
our understanding of the food-energy-water system 
through quantitative and computational modeling, 
including support for relevant cyberinfrastructure; 
(2) develop real-time, cyber-enabled interfaces 
that improve understanding of the behavior of food- 
energy-water systems and increase decision support 
capability; 
(3) support research that will lead to innovative 
solutions to critical food-energy-water system prob-
lems; and 
(4) grow the scientific workforce capable of 
studying and managing the food-energy-water sys-
tem, through education and other professional devel-
opment. 
(l) BIOLOGICAL FIELD STATIONS AND MARINE LAB-
ORATORIES.—The Director shall continue to support en-
hancing, repairing and maintaining research instrumenta-
tion, laboratories, telecommunications and housing at bio-
logical field stations and marine laboratories. 
(m) SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY RESEARCH AND EDU-
CATION.—In accordance with section 263 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, the Di-
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rector shall carry out activities in support of sustainable 
chemistry, including— 
(1) establishing a program to award grants, on 
a competitive basis, to institutions of higher edu-
cation or non-profit organizations (or consortia of 
such institutions or organizations) to support— 
(A) individual investigators and teams of 
investigators, including to the extent prac-
ticable, early career investigators for research 
and development; 
(B) collaborative research and development 
partnerships among universities, industry, and 
non-profit organizations; and 
(C) integrating sustainable chemistry prin-
ciples 
into 
elementary, 
secondary, 
under-
graduate, and graduate chemistry and chemical 
engineering curriculum and research training, 
as appropriate to that level of education and 
training; and 
(2) incorporating sustainable chemistry into ex-
isting Foundation research and development pro-
grams. 
(n) RISK AND RESILIENCE RESEARCH.—The Direc-
tor shall award grants on a competitive basis to institu-
tions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or 
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consortia of such institutions or organizations) to advance 
knowledge of risk assessment and predictability and to 
support the creation of tools and technologies, including 
advancing data analytics and utilization of artificial intel-
ligence, for increased resilience through— 
(1) improvements in our ability to understand, 
model, and predict extreme events and natural haz-
ards, including pandemics; 
(2) the creation of novel engineered systems so-
lutions for resilient complex infrastructures, particu-
larly those that address critical interdependence 
among infrastructures and leverage the growing in-
fusion of cyber-physical-social components into the 
infrastructures; 
(3) development of equipment and instrumenta-
tion for innovation in resilient engineered infrastruc-
tures; 
(4) multidisciplinary research on the behaviors 
individuals and communities engage in to detect, 
perceive, understand, predict, assess, mitigate, and 
prevent risks and to improve and increase resilience; 
and 
(5) advancements in multidisciplinary wildfire 
science, including those related to air quality im-
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pacts, human behavior, and early detection and 
warning. 
(o) UAV TECHNOLOGIES.—The Director shall carry 
out a program of research and related activities for un-
manned aerial vehicle technologies, which may include a 
prize competition pursuant to section 24 of the Stevenson- 
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3719) and support for undergraduate and graduate cur-
riculum development. 
(p) LEVERAGING INTERNATIONAL EXPERTISE IN RE-
SEARCH.—The Director shall explore and advance oppor-
tunities for leveraging international capabilities and re-
sources that align with the Foundation and United States 
research community priorities and have the potential to 
benefit United States prosperity, security, health, and 
well-being, including through binational research and de-
velopment organizations and foundations and by sending 
teams of Foundation scientific staff for site visits of sci-
entific facilities and agencies in other countries. 
(q) BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH COLLECTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall continue 
to support databases, tools, methods, and other ac-
tivities that secure and improve existing physical and 
digital biological research collections, improve the ac-
cessibility of collections and collection-related data 
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for research and educational purposes, develop ca-
pacity for curation and collection management, and 
to transfer ownership of collections that are signifi-
cant to the biological research community, including 
to museums and universities. 
(2) SPECIMEN
MANAGEMENT
PLAN.—In con-
sultation with other relevant Federal research agen-
cies, the Director shall require that every proposal 
for funding for research that involves collecting or 
generating specimens include a specimen manage-
ment plan that includes a description of how the 
specimens and associated data will be accessioned 
into and permanently maintained in an established 
biological collection. 
(3) ACTION CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL COLLEC-
TIONS.—The Director shall award grants on a com-
petitive basis to institutions of higher education or 
non-profit organizations (or consortia of such insti-
tutions or organizations) to establish an Action Cen-
ter for Biological Collections to facilitate coordina-
tion and data sharing among communities of prac-
tice for research, education, workforce training, eval-
uation, and business model development. 
(r) CLEAN WATER RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 
ACCELERATION.—The Director shall award grants on a 
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competitive, merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher 
education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such 
institutions or organizations) to— 
(1) support transdisciplinary research to signifi-
cantly advance our understanding of water avail-
ability, quality, and dynamics and the impact of 
human activity and a changing climate on urban and 
rural water and wastewater systems; 
(2) develop, pilot and deploy innovative tech-
nologies, systems, and other approaches to identi-
fying and addressing challenges that affect water 
availability, quality, and security, including through 
direct engagement with affected communities and 
partnerships with the private sector, State, tribal, 
and local governments, non-profit organizations and 
water management professionals; and 
(3) grow the scientific workforce capable of 
studying and managing water and wastewater sys-
tems, through education, training, and other profes-
sional development. 
(s) TECHNOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE RE-
SEARCH.—The Director shall award grants on a merit- 
based, competitive basis for research to— 
(1) increase understanding of social media and 
consumer technology access and use patterns and re-
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lated psychological and behavioral issues, particu-
larly for adolescents; and 
(2) explore the role of social media and con-
sumer technology in rising rates of depressive symp-
toms, suicidal ideation, drug use, and deaths of de-
spair, particularly for communities experiencing 
long-term economic distress. 
(t) MANUFACTURING
RESEARCH
AMENDMENT.— 
Section 506(a) of the America COMPETES Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p–1(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (6)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ before ‘‘virtual man-
ufacturing’’; and 
(B) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting ‘‘; and artificial intelligence and ma-
chine learning;’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(7) additive manufacturing, including new ma-
terial designs, complex materials, rapid printing 
techniques, and real-time process controls; and 
‘‘(8) continuous manufacturing of biological 
products and similar innovative monitoring and con-
trol techniques.’’. 
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(u) CRITICAL MINERALS MINING RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Director shall award 
grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of 
higher education or nonprofit organizations (or con-
sortium of such institutions or organizations) to sup-
port basic research that will accelerate innovation to 
advance critical minerals mining strategies and tech-
nologies for the purpose of making better use of do-
mestic resources and eliminating national reliance on 
minerals and mineral materials that are subject to 
supply disruptions. 
(2) USE
OF
FUNDS.—Activities funded by a 
grant under this subsection may include— 
(A) advancing mining research and devel-
opment activities to develop new mapping and 
mining technologies and techniques, including 
advanced critical mineral extraction, production, 
separation, alloying, or processing techniques 
and technologies that can decrease energy in-
tensity, potential environmental impact and 
costs of those activities; 
(B) conducting long-term Earth observa-
tion of reclaimed mine sites, including the study 
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of the evolution of microbial diversity at such 
sites; 
(C) examining the application of artificial 
intelligence for geological exploration of critical 
minerals, including what the size and diversity 
of data sets would be required; 
(D) examining the application of machine 
learning for detection and sorting of critical 
minerals, including what the size and diversity 
of data sets would be required; 
(E) conducting detailed isotope studies of 
critical minerals and the development of more 
refined geologic models; 
(F) improved understanding of the geologi-
cal and geochemical processes through which 
critical minerals form and are concentrated into 
economically viable deposits; or 
(G) providing training and researcher op-
portunities to undergraduate and graduate stu-
dents to prepare the next generation of mining 
engineers and researchers. 
(3) EXISTING PROGRAMS.—The Director shall 
ensure awards made under this subsection are com-
plementary and not duplicative of existing programs 
across the foundation and Federal Government. 
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(v) STUDY OF AI RESEARCH CAPACITY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall conduct a 
study, or support the development of a study 
through the Science and Technology Policy Institute 
or by any other appropriate organization as deter-
mined by the Director, on artificial intelligence re-
search capacity at U.S. institutions of higher edu-
cation. 
(2) STUDY CONTENTS.—The Director shall en-
sure that, at a minimum, the study under subsection 
(a) addresses the following topics: 
(A) Which universities are putting out sig-
nificant peer-reviewed artificial intelligence re-
search, including based on quantity and number 
of citations. 
(B) For each of the universities described 
in paragraph (1), what specific factors enable 
their AI research, including computing power, 
data sets and availability, specialized cur-
riculum, and industry and other partnerships. 
(C) How universities not included in para-
graph (1) could implement the factors in para-
graph (2) to produce AI research, as well as 
case studies that universities can look to as ex-
amples and potential pilot programs that the 
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Federal Government could develop or support 
to help universities produce AI research. 
(3) WORKSHOPS.—The Director may support 
workshops to help inform the study required under 
this subsection. 
(4) PUBLICATION.—The Director shall ensure 
that the study carried out under this subsection is 
made publicly available not later than 12 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(w) 
ADVANCING
IOT 
FOR
PRECISION
AGRI-
CULTURE.— 
(1) NATIONAL
SCIENCE
FOUNDATION
DIREC-
TIVE
ON
AGRICULTURAL
SENSOR
RESEARCH.—In 
awarding grants under its sensor systems and 
networked systems programs, the Director shall in-
clude in consideration of portfolio balance research 
and development on sensor connectivity in environ-
ments of intermittent connectivity and intermittent 
computation— 
(A) to improve the reliable use of advance 
sensing systems in rural and agricultural areas; 
and 
(B) that considers— 
(i) direct gateway access for locally 
stored data; 
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(ii) attenuation of signal transmission; 
(iii) loss of signal transmission; and 
(iv) at-scale performance for wireless 
power. 
(2) UPDATING
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR
PRECI-
SION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY WITHIN THE NSF 
ADVANCED TECHNICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 3 of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology 
Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i) is amended in sub-
section (e)(3)— 
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(E) applications that incorporate distance 
learning tools and approaches.’’. 
(3) GAO REVIEW.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comp-
troller General of the United States shall provide— 
(A) a technology assessment of precision 
agriculture technologies, such as the existing 
use of— 
(i) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency 
identification, and related technologies that 
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can monitor soil properties, irrigation con-
ditions, and plant physiology; 
(ii) sensors, scanners, radio-frequency 
identification, and related technologies that 
can monitor livestock activity and health; 
(iii) network connectivity and wireless 
communications that can securely support 
digital agriculture technologies in rural 
and remote areas; 
(iv) aerial imagery generated by sat-
ellites or unmanned aerial vehicles; 
(v) ground-based robotics; 
(vi) 
control 
systems 
design 
and 
connectivity, such as smart irrigation con-
trol systems; 
(vii) Global Positioning System-based 
applications; and 
(viii) data management software and 
advanced analytics that can assist decision 
making and improve agricultural outcomes; 
and 
(B) a review of Federal programs that pro-
vide support for precision agriculture research, 
development, adoption, education, or training, 
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in existence on the date of enactment of this 
Act. 
(x) ASTRONOMY
AND
SATELLITE
CONSTELLA-
TIONS.—The Director shall support research into and the 
design, development, and testing of mitigation measures 
to address the impact of satellite constellations on Foun-
dation scientific programs by— 
(1) awarding grants on a competitive basis to 
support investigations into the impacts of satellite 
constellations on ground-based optical, infrared, and 
radio astronomy, including through existing pro-
grams such Spectrum and Wireless Innovation en-
abled by Future Technologies (SWIFT) and the 
Spectrum Innovation Initiative; 
(2) supporting research on satellite impacts and 
benefits and mitigation strategies to be carried out 
at one or more Foundation supported Federally 
Funded Research and Development Centers or large 
facilities, as appropriate; and 
(3) supporting workshops related to the impact 
of satellite constellations on scientific research and 
how those constellations could be used to improve 
scientific research. 
SEC. 8. RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE. 
(a) FACILITY OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall continue 
the Facility Operation Transition pilot program for 
a total of 5 years. 
(2) COST
SHARING.—The Facility Operation 
Transition program shall provide funding for 10–50 
percent of the operations and maintenance costs for 
major research facilities that are within the first five 
years of operation, where the share is determined 
based on— 
(A) the operations and maintenance costs 
of the major research facility; and 
(B) the capacity of the managing direc-
torate or division to absorb such costs. 
(3) REPORT.—After the fifth year of the pilot 
program, the Director shall transmit a report to 
Congress that includes— 
(A) an assessment, that includes feedback 
from the research community, of the effective-
ness of the pilot program for— 
(i) supporting research directorates 
and divisions in balancing investments in 
research grants and funding for the initial 
operation and maintenance of major facili-
ties; 
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(ii) incentivizing the development of 
new world-class facilities; 
(iii) facilitating interagency and inter-
national partnerships; 
(iv) funding core elements of multi- 
disciplinary facilities; and 
(v) 
supporting 
facility 
divestment 
costs; and 
(B) if deemed effective, a plan for perma-
nent implementation of the pilot program. 
(b) REVIEWS.—The Director shall periodically carry 
out reviews within each of the directorates and divisions 
to assess the cost and benefits of extending the operations 
of research facilities that have exceeded their planned 
operational lifespan. 
(c) HELIUM CONSERVATION.— 
(1) MAJOR RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION SUP-
PORT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall sup-
port, through the Major Research Instrumenta-
tion program, proposal requests that include 
the purchase, installation, operation, and main-
tenance of equipment and instrumentation to 
reduce consumption of helium. 
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(B) COST
SHARING.—The Director may 
waive the cost-sharing requirement for helium 
conservation measures for non-Ph.D.-granting 
institutions of higher education and Ph.D.- 
granting institutions of higher education that 
are not ranked among the top 100 institutions 
receiving Federal research and development 
funding, as documented by the National Center 
for Science and Engineering Statistics. 
(2) ANNUAL REPORT.—No later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act and annually 
for the subsequent two years, the Director shall sub-
mit an annual report to Congress on the use of 
funding awarded by the Foundation for the purchase 
and conservation of helium. The report should in-
clude— 
(A) the volume and price of helium pur-
chased; 
(B) changes in pricing and availability of 
helium; and 
(C) any supply disruptions impacting a 
substantial number of institutions. 
(d) ADVANCED COMPUTING.— 
(1) COMPUTING
NEEDS.—To gather informa-
tion about the computational needs of Foundation- 
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funded projects, the Director shall require grant pro-
posals submitted to the Foundation, as appropriate, 
to include estimates of computational resource needs 
for projects that require use of advanced computing. 
The Director shall encourage and provide access to 
tools that facilitate the inclusion of these measures, 
including those identified in the 2016 Academies re-
port entitled ‘‘Future Directions for NSF Advanced 
Computing Infrastructure to Support U.S. Science 
and Engineering in 2017–2020’’. 
(2) REPORTS.—The Director shall document 
and publish every two years a summary of the 
amount and types of advanced computing capabili-
ties that are needed to fully meet the Foundation’s 
project needs as identified under paragraph (1). 
(3) ROADMAP.—To set priorities and guide 
strategic decisions regarding investments in ad-
vanced computing capabilities, the Director shall de-
velop, publish, and regularly update a 5-year ad-
vanced computing roadmap that— 
(A) describes the advanced computing re-
sources and capabilities that would fully meet 
anticipated project needs, including through in-
vestments in the Mid-Scale Research Infra-
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structure program and the Major Research 
Equipment and Facilities Construction account; 
(B) draws on community input, informa-
tion contained in research proposals, allocation 
requests, 
insights 
from 
Foundation-funded 
cyber-infrastructure operators, and Foundation- 
wide information gathering regarding commu-
nity needs; 
(C) considers computational needs of 
planned major facilities; 
(D) reflects anticipated technology trends; 
(E) informs users and potential partners 
about future facilities and services; 
(F) addresses the needs of groups histori-
cally underrepresented in STEM and geo-
graphic regions with low availability and high 
demand for advanced computing resources; 
(G) considers how Foundation-supported 
advanced computing capabilities can be lever-
aged for activities through the Directorate for 
Science and Engineering Solutions; and 
(H) provides an update to Congress about 
the level of funding necessary to fully meet 
computational resource needs for the research 
community. 
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(4) SECURING
AMERICAN
RESEARCH
FROM 
CYBER THEFT.— 
(A) 
NETWORKING
AND
INFORMATION 
TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOPMENT 
UPDATE.—Section 101(a)(1) of the High-Per-
formance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 
5511) is amended— 
(i) by moving the margins of subpara-
graphs (D) and (J) through (O) two ems 
to the left; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(J) through (O) as subparagraphs (K) 
through (P), respectively; and 
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph 
(I) the following: 
‘‘(J) provide for improving the security, reli-
ability, and resiliency of computing and networking 
systems used by institutions of higher education and 
other nonprofit research institutions for the proc-
essing, storage and transmission of sensitive feder-
ally funded research and associated data;’’. 
(B) COMPUTING
ENCLAVE
PILOT
PRO-
GRAM.— 
(i) IN
GENERAL.—The Director, in 
consultation with the Director of the Na-
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tional Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology and the Secretary of Energy, shall 
establish a pilot program to award grants 
to ensure the security of federally-sup-
ported research data and to assist regional 
institutions of higher education and their 
researchers in compliance with regulations 
regarding the safeguarding of sensitive in-
formation and other relevant regulations 
and Federal guidelines. 
(ii) STRUCTURE.—In carrying out the 
pilot program established pursuant to 
clause (i), the Director shall select three 
institutions of higher education from 
among institutions classified under the In-
diana University Center for Postsecondary 
Research Carnegie Classification as a doc-
torate-granting university with a very high 
level of research activity, and with a his-
tory of working with secure information for 
the development, installation, maintenance, 
or sustainment of secure computing en-
claves. 
(iii) REGIONALIZATION.— 
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(I) IN
GENERAL.—In selecting 
universities pursuant to clause (ii), 
the Director shall give preference to 
institutions of higher education with 
the capability of serving other regional 
universities. 
(II) GEOGRAPHIC
DISPERSAL.— 
The enclaves should be geographically 
dispersed to better meet the needs of 
regional interests. 
(iv) PROGRAM
ELEMENTS.—The Di-
rector shall work with institutions of high-
er education selected pursuant to clause 
(ii) to— 
(I) develop an approved design 
blueprint for compliance with Federal 
data protection protocols; 
(II) develop a comprehensive and 
confidential list, or a bill of materials, 
of each binary component of the soft-
ware, firmware, or product that is re-
quired to deploy additional secure 
computing enclaves; 
(III) develop templates for all 
policies and procedures required to 
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operate the secure computing enclave 
in a research setting; 
(IV) develop a system security 
plan template; and 
(V) develop a process for man-
aging a plan of action and milestones 
for the secure computing enclave. 
(v) 
DURATION.—Subject 
to 
other 
availability of appropriations, the pilot pro-
gram established pursuant to clause (i) 
shall operate for not less than 3 years. 
(vi) REPORT.— 
(I) IN GENERAL.—The Director 
shall report to Congress not later than 
6 months after the completion of the 
pilot program under clause (i). 
(II) CONTENTS.—The report re-
quired under subclause (I) shall in-
clude— 
(aa) an assessment of the 
pilot program under clause (i), 
including an assessment of the 
security benefits provided by such 
secure computing enclaves; 
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(bb) recommendations re-
lated to the value of expanding 
the network of secure computing 
enclaves; and 
(cc) recommendations on the 
efficacy of the use of secure com-
puting enclaves by other Federal 
agencies in a broader effort to 
expand security of Federal re-
search. 
(vii) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—There is authorized to be appro-
priated to the Director, $38,000,000 for 
fiscal years 2022 through 2024, to carry 
out the activities outlined in this section. 
(e) NATIONAL SECURE DATA SERVICE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in consulta-
tion with the Chief Statistician of the United States, 
shall establish a demonstration project to develop, 
refine and test models to inform the full implemen-
tation of the Commission on Evidence-Based Policy-
making recommendation for a government-wide data 
linkage and access infrastructure for statistical ac-
tivities conducted for statistical purposes, as defined 
in chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code. 
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(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than one year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director 
shall establish a National Secure Data Service dem-
onstration project. The National Secure Data Serv-
ice demonstration project shall be— 
(A) aligned with the principles, best prac-
tices, and priority actions recommended by the 
Advisory Committee on Data for Evidence 
Building, to the extent feasible; and 
(B) operated directly by or via a contract 
that is managed by the National Center for 
Science and Engineering Statistics. 
(3) DATA.—In carrying out this subsection, the 
Director shall engage with Federal and State agen-
cies to collect, acquire, analyze, report, and dissemi-
nate statistical data in the United States and other 
nations to support government-wide evidence-build-
ing activities consistent with the Foundations for 
Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018. 
(4) PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY PROTEC-
TIONS.—If the Director issues a management con-
tract under paragraph (2), the awardee shall be des-
ignated as an ‘‘agent’’ under chapter 35 of title 44, 
United States Code, subchapter III, section 3561 et 
seq., with all requirements and obligations for pro-
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tecting confidential information delineated in the 
Confidential Information Protection and Statistical 
Efficiency Act of 2018 and the Privacy Act of 1974. 
(5) TECHNOLOGY.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall consider application and 
use of systems and technologies that incorporate 
protection measures to reasonably ensure confiden-
tial data and statistical products are protected in ac-
cordance with obligations under chapter 35 of title 
44, United States Code, subchapter III, section 
3561 et seq., including systems and technologies 
that ensure raw data and other sensitive inputs are 
not accessible to recipients of statistical outputs 
from the National Secure Data Service demonstra-
tion project. 
(6) TRANSPARENCY.—The National Secure 
Data Service established under paragraph (2) shall 
maintain a public website with up-to-date informa-
tion on supported projects. 
(7) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the National Secure 
Data Service demonstration project established 
under paragraph (2) shall submit a report to Con-
gress that includes— 
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(A) a description of policies for protecting 
data, consistent with applicable Federal law; 
(B) a comprehensive description of all 
completed or active data linkage activities and 
projects; 
(C) an assessment of the effectiveness of 
the demonstration project for mitigating risks 
and removing barriers to a sustained implemen-
tation of the National Secure Data Service as 
recommended by the Commission on Evidence- 
Based Policymaking; and 
(D) if deemed effective by the Director, a 
plan for scaling up the demonstration project to 
facilitate data access for evidence building while 
ensuring transparency and privacy. 
(8) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Di-
rector to carry out this subsection $9,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 
SEC. 9. DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 
SOLUTIONS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Subject to the availability of 
appropriated funds, there is established within the Foun-
dation the Directorate for Science and Engineering Solu-
tions to advance research and development solutions to ad-
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dress societal and national challenges for the benefit of 
all Americans. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Directorate estab-
lished under subsection (a) is to support use-inspired re-
search, accelerate the translation of Foundation-supported 
fundamental research and to advance technologies, facili-
tate commercialization and use of federally funded re-
search, and expand the pipeline of United States students 
and researchers in areas of societal and national impor-
tance. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.—The Director shall achieve the pur-
poses described in subsection (b) by awarding financial as-
sistance through the Directorate to— 
(1) support transformational advances in use- 
inspired and translational research through diverse 
funding mechanisms and models, including conver-
gence accelerators; 
(2) translate research into science and engineer-
ing innovations, including through developing inno-
vative approaches to connect research with societal 
outcomes, developing approaches to technology 
transfer that do not rely only on traditional market 
and commercialization tools, education and training 
for students and researchers on engaging with end 
users and the public, partnerships that facilitate re-
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search uptake, application, and scaling, prototype 
development, entrepreneurial education, developing 
tech-to-market strategies, and partnerships that con-
nect research products to businesses, accelerators, 
and incubators and encourage the formation and 
growth of new companies; 
(3) develop and expand sustainable and mutu-
ally-beneficial use-inspired and translational research 
and development partnerships and collaborations 
among institutions of higher education, including 
minority serving institutions and emerging research 
institutions, non-profit organizations, labor organiza-
tions, businesses and other for-profit entities, Fed-
eral or State agencies, community organizations, 
other Foundation directorates, national labs, field 
stations and marine laboratories, international enti-
ties as appropriate, binational research and develop-
ment foundations and funds, excluding foreign enti-
ties of concern, and other organizations; 
(4) 
build 
capacity 
for 
use-inspired 
and 
translational research at institutions of higher edu-
cation, including necessary administrative support; 
(5) expand opportunities for researchers to con-
tribute to use-inspired and translational research in-
cluding through support for workshops and con-
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ferences, targeted incentives and training, and multi-
disciplinary research centers; 
(6) support the education, mentoring, and 
training of undergraduate students, graduate stu-
dents, and postdoctoral researchers in use-inspired 
and translational approaches to research and entre-
preneurship in key focus areas identified under sub-
section (g) through scholarships, fellowships, and 
traineeships; 
(7) support translational research infrastruc-
ture, including platforms and testbeds, data manage-
ment and software tools, and networks and commu-
nication platforms for interactive and collective 
learning and information sharing; 
(8) identify social, behavioral, and economic 
drivers and consequences of technological innova-
tions; and 
(9) ensure the programmatic work of the Direc-
torate and Foundation incorporates a worker per-
spective through participation by labor organizations 
and workforce training organizations. 
(d) ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall appoint 
an Assistant Director responsible for the manage-
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ment of the Directorate established under this sec-
tion. 
(2) TERM LIMIT.—The Assistant Director ap-
pointed under paragraph (1) shall serve a term last-
ing no longer than 4 years. 
(3) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Assistant Director 
shall be an individual, who by reason of professional 
background and experience, is specially qualified 
to— 
(A) advise the Director on all matters per-
taining to use-inspired and translational re-
search, development, and commercialization at 
the Foundation, including partnership with the 
private sector and other users of Foundation 
funded research; and 
(B) develop and implement the necessary 
policies and procedures to promote a culture of 
use-inspired and translational research within 
the Directorate and across the Foundation and 
carry out the responsibilities under paragraph 
(4). 
(4) RESPONSIBILITIES.—The responsibilities of 
the Assistant Director shall include— 
(A) advising the Director on all matters 
pertaining to use-inspired and translational re-
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