117
lage, or migrant or seasonal farmworker
community.
‘‘(2) NUMBER OF GRANTS.—The Secretary may
award not more than 25 grants during the first fis-
cal year the program is authorized.
‘‘(c) RENEWABILITY OF GRANTS.—Grants awarded
under this part shall be for a 1-year period and shall be
renewable for each of the 2 succeeding fiscal years if the
Secretary determines the grant recipient complied with
conditions of the grant during the previous fiscal year.
‘‘(d) FACTORS FOR AWARDS.—In awarding grants
under this part, the Secretary shall consider the quality
of the proposed project, the goals to be achieved, the likeli-
hood of the project’s successful implementation, the extent
of community support and other Federal and non-Federal
funds available for similar purposes, and the new State,
local, or private resources.
‘‘(e) SELECTION
REQUIREMENTS.—In awarding
grants under subsection (b), the Secretary shall not ap-
prove an application unless the application contains assur-
ances that the applicant will use funds from a grant to
provide job training, education, services, stipends (only to
individuals age 17 to 30), and needs-related payments in
accordance with sections 499K and 499L.
118
‘‘SEC. 499K. APPLICATION.
‘‘(a) ELIGIBILITY TO APPLY.—Participating commu-
nities shall be eligible to apply for a Young Adult Employ-
ment Demonstration grant under this part.
‘‘(b) CONTENTS OF APPLICATION.—Each participat-
ing community desiring a grant under this part shall,
through the individuals described in subsection (c), submit
an application to the Secretary at such time in such man-
ner and accompanied by such information as the Secretary
may reasonably require. Each such application shall—
‘‘(1) include a comprehensive plan for the
Young Adult Employment Demonstration initiative
designed to achieve identifiable goals for youth and
young adults in the target area;
‘‘(2) set forth measurable program goals and
outcomes, which may include increasing the propor-
tion of—
‘‘(A) youth completing high school or its
equivalent;
‘‘(B) youth and young adults entering into
postsecondary institutions, apprenticeships, or
other advanced training programs;
‘‘(C) youth and young adults placed in
jobs; or
119
‘‘(D) eligible youth and young adults par-
ticipating in education, training, and employ-
ment services;
‘‘(3) include supporting goals for the target
area such as increasing security and safety, or re-
ducing the number of drug-related arrests;
‘‘(4) provide assurances that the conditions set
forth in section 499L will be met;
‘‘(5) demonstrate how the participating commu-
nity will make use of the resources, expertise, and
commitment of institutions of higher education, edu-
cational agencies, and vocational and technical
schools and institutes;
‘‘(6) attempt to ensure that all youth and
young adults in the target areas have access to a co-
ordinated and comprehensive range of education and
training opportunities which serve the broadest
range of interests and needs of youth and young
adults and simultaneously mobilize the diverse range
of education and training provided in the participat-
ing community;
‘‘(7) include support services necessary for suc-
cessful participation by eligible youth and young
adults, including child care, transportation, and as-
sistance in resolving personal or family crises such
120
as those related to substance abuse, homelessness,
migration, and family violence;
‘‘(8) include a system of common intake, indi-
vidualized assessment, and case management;
‘‘(9) include an estimate of the expected num-
ber of youth and young adults in the target area to
be served;
‘‘(10) include a description of the resources
available in the participating community from pri-
vate, local government, State and Federal sources
which will be used to achieve the goals of the pro-
gram;
‘‘(11) provide evidence of support for accom-
plishing the stated goals of the participating commu-
nity from—
‘‘(A) local elected officials,
‘‘(B) the local school system,
‘‘(C) postsecondary education and training
institutions,
‘‘(D) 
the 
applicable 
private 
industry
council,
‘‘(E) local community leaders,
‘‘(F) business,
‘‘(G) labor organizations, and
‘‘(H) other appropriate organizations; and
121
‘‘(12) provide assurances that the target area
includes, to the maximum extent possible, the poor-
est neighborhoods in the community, such as those
with substantial numbers of public housing facilities.
‘‘(c) SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION.—The application
for funds for a participating community may only be sub-
mitted to the Secretary by—
‘‘(1) the mayor of a city or the chief elected of-
ficial in a metropolitan statistical area, after the
Governor of the State has had an opportunity to
comment on the application;
‘‘(2) the chief elected official of a non-
metropolitan county or the designated chief elected
official of contiguous nonmetropolitan counties, after
the Governor of the State has had an opportunity to
comment on the application; or
‘‘(3) the grantee designated under section 401
or 402, or jointly by the grantee and the Governor
of the State in which such grantee is located, in ap-
plications for Native American or migrant or sea-
sonal worker communities.
‘‘SEC. 499L. GRANT AGREEMENT.
‘‘Each grant recipient under this part shall enter into
an agreement with the Secretary. Each such agreement
shall describe how—
122
‘‘(1) the recipient will designate a target area
that will be the focus of the demonstration project
and which shall have a population of not more than
25,000 (or upon approval of the Secretary, a popu-
lation of not more than 75,000), except that in the
event that the population of an area from which a
high school draws a substantial portion of its
enrollment exceeds this limit, the target area may
encompass such boundary;
‘‘(2) funds provided under this part will be used
to support education, training, and supportive activi-
ties selected from a set of youth program models
designated by the Secretary or from alternative mod-
els described in the application and approved by the
Secretary, such as—
‘‘(A) nonresidential learning centers;
‘‘(B) alternative schools;
‘‘(C) combined summer remediation, work
experience and work readiness training, and
school-to-work/apprenticeship/post-secondary
education program;
‘‘(D) teen parent programs;
‘‘(E) special programs administered by
community colleges;
‘‘(F) youth centers;
123
‘‘(G) initiatives aimed at increased rural
student enrollment in post-secondary institu-
tions;
‘‘(H) public-private collaborations to en-
sure private sector employment and continued
learning opportunities for youth; and
‘‘(I) initiatives that combine community
and youth service opportunities with education
and training activities;
‘‘(3) funds received under this section will be
used for services to youth and young adults age 14
to 30 at the time of enrollment;
‘‘(4) the local educational agency and any other
educational agency which operates secondary schools
in the target area provide activities and resources to
promote the educational goals specified in the appli-
cation;
‘‘(5) the participating community will provide
activities and local resources to promote the goals
specified in the application;
‘‘(6) the participating community shall under-
take outreach and recruitment efforts in the target
area to encourage, to the maximum extent possible,
participation by those disadvantaged youth and
young adults who are currently unserved or under-
124
served by education and training programs, includ-
ing targeted measures specifically designed to enlist
the participation of minority youth and young
adults, particularly those under the jurisdiction of
the child welfare, juvenile justice, and criminal jus-
tice systems;
‘‘(7) the participating community will carry out
special efforts to establish coordination with Federal,
State, or local programs that serve the target popu-
lation; and
‘‘(8) funds provided under this part shall be
used to pay stipends for participant support in paid
work experience and classroom training programs
when such programs are combined with other edu-
cation and training activities.
‘‘SEC. 499M. JOB GUARANTEES.
‘‘(a) PROGRAM AUTHORITY.—The Secretary shall
permit a number of the grant recipients under this part
to enter into an agreement to provide, in accordance with
this section, a job guarantee program to youth meeting
prior school attendance and performance standards.
‘‘(b) GUARANTEE AGREEMENTS.—A grant recipient
providing a job guarantee program shall enter into an
agreement with the Secretary. Such agreement shall—
125
‘‘(1) provide that the program be available to
youth aged 16 to 19 who undertake a commitment
to continue and complete their high school edu-
cation;
‘‘(2) require the grant recipient to guarantee
employment to each youth undertaking that commit-
ment if such youth meets school attendance and per-
formance standards for the previous school semester,
as established by the Secretary in consultation with
the Secretary of Education;
‘‘(3) provide that the grant recipient will make
additional services available to support the undertak-
ing of any such youth, which shall include counsel-
ing, job development and placement, and support
services (including child care and transportation);
‘‘(4) specify the conditions under which funds
provided under this part may be used to provide
wage subsidies of up to 50 percent through employ-
ers, which shall—
‘‘(A) encourage subsidies to employers who
provide advanced or specialized training, or who
provide a structured and integrated learning ex-
perience involving the school and employer; and
‘‘(B) limit the duration of such subsidies to
not more than 1 year;
126
‘‘(5) require that the employment provided to
any such youth shall not exceed 15 hours per week
during the school year;
‘‘(6) permit employment to continue through
the summer following high school graduation, or
until the youth reaches age 19, whichever is later;
and
‘‘(7) contain such other terms and conditions as
the Secretary requires by regulation.
‘‘(c) SELECTION OF GRANT RECIPIENTS.—In deter-
mining which grant recipients to permit to enter into an
agreement under this section, the Secretary shall seek to
target funds to high poverty areas.
‘‘(d) YOUTH ELIGIBILITY.—All youth age 16 to 19,
regardless of income, residing in the eligible high poverty
area shall be eligible to participate in the job guarantee.
‘‘(e) PRIVATE FUNDS.—Nothing in this section shall
be construed to prohibit the grant recipient from raising
funds to augment such grant if such funds are utilized
under the conditions of this grant, except that such funds
shall not be used for administration purposes.
‘‘SEC. 499N. PAYMENTS AND MATCHING REQUIREMENT.
‘‘(a) PAYMENTS.—In any fiscal year, the grant
awarded under this part to a grant recipient shall be de-
termined according to the amount to be provided for the
127
program pursuant to designation of the program as a se-
lected program under an application made on behalf of
a tax enterprise zone under section 215 of the Enterprise
Zone Community Development Act of 1993, and shall be
of sufficient size and scope to carry out an effective pro-
gram.
‘‘(b) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—A grant recipient
shall provide non-Federal funds in an amount equal to 10
percent of the funds from such grant, an in-kind contribu-
tion equivalent to such percent (as determined by the Sec-
retary), or a combination thereof.
‘‘SEC. 499O. REPORTING.
‘‘The Secretary is authorized to establish such report-
ing procedures as necessary to carry out the purposes of
this part.
‘‘SEC. 499P. FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITIES.
‘‘(a) ASSISTANCE IN IMPLEMENTATION.—The Sec-
retary shall provide technical assistance in the implemen-
tation of this project in participating communities.
‘‘(b) INDEPENDENT EVALUATION.—The Secretary
shall provide for a thorough, independent evaluation of the
activities assisted under this part. Such evaluation shall
include an assessment of—
‘‘(1) the impact on youth and young adults re-
siding in target areas, including their rates of school
128
completion, enrollment in advanced education or
training, and employment;
‘‘(2) the extent to which participating commu-
nities fulfilled the goal of guaranteeing access to ap-
propriate education, training, and supportive serv-
ices to all eligible youth and young adults residing
in target areas who seek to participate;
‘‘(3) the effectiveness of guaranteed access to
comprehensive services combined with outreach and
recruitment efforts in enlisting the participation of
previously unserved or underserved youth and young
adults residing in target areas; and
‘‘(4) the effectiveness of efforts to integrate
service delivery in target areas, including systems of
common intake, assessment, and case management.
‘‘(c) REPORT.—The Secretary shall prepare a report
describing the results of the independent evaluation con-
ducted pursuant to subsection (b).
‘‘(d) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.—The Secretary may
reserve not more than 5 percent of the amounts to be used
for assistance under this part in each fiscal year to carry
out the provisions of this section.
‘‘SEC. 499Q. DEFINITIONS.
‘‘For the purposes of this part—
137
(B) to develop business plans related to
such projects; or
(C) to mobilize resources to be contributed
to planned low-income community economic de-
velopment projects or strategies;
(4) grants to emerging community development
corporations to enable such corporations to establish,
maintain or expand revolving loan funds, to make or
guarantee loans, or to make capital investments in
new or expanding local businesses;
(5) grants to community development corpora-
tions, institutions of higher education, or nonprofit
organizations to enable such grantees to conduct re-
search, testing, studies, or demonstrations related to
community economic development; and
(6) any other assistance designed to carry out
the purposes of this subtitle under section 272(b).
SEC. 275. STATE PLANS.
(a) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary may provide as-
sistance under this subtitle only to States that have sub-
mitted a State plan under this section that is approved
by the Secretary under subsection (c), and have entered
into an agreement with the Secretary to provide assistance
to community development corporations, with amounts
138
provided under this subtitle, in accordance with the provi-
sions of the approved plan.
(b) CONTENTS.—Each State plan under this section
shall specify—
(1) the kinds and amounts of assistance to be
provided by the State with assistance under this
subtitle;
(2) the terms of such assistance;
(3) the communities for which such assistance
will be used and the extent to which such assistance
will be targeted to low-income communities, under-
employed and unemployed individuals, population-
losing communities, and very low-income commu-
nities;
(4) the extent and manner by which local and
private sector contributions will be leveraged with
assistance under this subtitle;
(5) the extent to which assistance under this
subtitle will improve or provide employment opportu-
nities for low-income individuals;
(6) requirements for community development
corporations and other entities receiving assistance
from amounts provided under this subtitle to report
to the State regarding the use and results of such
assistance; and
139
(7) any other information the Secretary consid-
ers appropriate to ensure that assistance under this
subtitle is used for the purposes under section
272(b).
(c) APPROVAL.—The Secretary may approve a State
plan under this section only if the Secretary determines,
on the basis of the State plan, that—
(1) the State has the capacity and capability to
carry out the State plan;
(2) the State plan ensures that such assistance
will be used to carry out the purposes of this subtitle
under section 272(b); and
(3) the State plan provides that a significant
portion of such assistance will be used by community
development corporations to serve the economic
needs of low-income communities.
SEC. 276. REPORTS.
Each State receiving assistance under this subtitle
shall submit a report under this section to the Secretary
not later than the expiration of the 18-month period begin-
ning upon the first receipt of assistance under this subtitle
by the State. The report shall describe the use of any as-
sistance provided to the State under this subtitle, the
number of jobs created or retained through such use, and
140
any other information that the Secretary considers appro-
priate.
SEC. 277. DEFINITIONS.
For purposes of this subtitle:
(1) 
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
CORPORA-
TION.—The term ‘‘community development corpora-
tion’’ means a private, nonprofit corporation whose
board of directors is comprised of business, civic and
community leaders, and whose principal purpose in-
cludes providing economic or community develop-
ment projects that improve or provide job or employ-
ment opportunities to low-income individuals or low-
income communities.
(2) LOW-INCOME COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘low-
income community’’ means a community in which
the median income of the residents of such commu-
nity does not exceed 80 percent of the median in-
come of the area, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) 
POPULATION-LOSING
COMMUNITY.—The
term ‘‘population-losing community’’ means a county
in which the net population loss is at least 7 percent
from April 1, 1980 to April 1, 1990, as reported by
the Bureau of the Census.
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means
the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
141
(5) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means the
States of the United States, the District of Colum-
bia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Com-
monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam,
the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Ter-
ritory of the Pacific Islands, and any other territory
or possession of the United States.
(6) VERY LOW-INCOME COMMUNITY.—The term
‘‘very low-income community’’ means a community
in which the median income of the residents of such
community does not exceed 50 percent of the median
income of the area, as determined by the Secretary.
SEC. 278. PROHIBITION.
Amounts provided to States under this subtitle may
not be used to finance the construction of housing.
SEC. 279. EFFECTIVE DATE.
This subtitle shall take effect as if included in the
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990.
Subtitle F—Miscellaneous
Programs
SEC. 281. ENTERPRISE CAPITAL ACCESS FUND.
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the
‘‘Enterprise Capital Access Fund Demonstration Pro-
gram’’.
(b) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.—
142
(1) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that—
(A) the Nation’s urban and rural commu-
nities face critical social and economic problems
stemming from lack of economic opportunity
among low-income persons and persons living in
poverty;
(B) the numbers of low-income persons
and persons living in poverty has grown signifi-
cantly over the last decade;
(C) lack of access to credit and other
forms of capital is a significant factor in the
disinvestment and decline of low-income and
minority neighborhoods;
(D) changes in the banking system and fi-
nancial markets have made access to credit in
low-income and distressed communities increas-
ingly more difficult to obtain as decision mak-
ing on credit has been removed from local com-
munities;
(E) the restoration and maintenance of
viable local economies will require improved ac-
cess to credit, as well as public and private in-
vestment in economic and community develop-
ment activities, business development, and low-
income housing;
143
(F) indigenous community-based financial
institutions can play a significant role in identi-
fying and responding to community needs;
(G) the Federal Government needs to de-
velop new models and institutions for facilitat-
ing local revitalization efforts and improving ac-
cess to credit; and
(H) nonprofit financial intermediaries have
proven effective in meeting the credit and other
capital needs in low-income and distressed com-
munities.
(2) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is
to establish a demonstration program to assist
States in promoting reinvestment in low-income and
chronically distressed neighborhoods through com-
munity-based nonprofit financial institutions that
work cooperatively with residents and State and
local government.
(c) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary shall carry out a
demonstration program in accordance with this section to
make grants to States to provide assistance to eligible
intermediaries to finance business and employment oppor-
tunities, housing opportunities affordable to low-income
persons, and neighborhood revitalization projects by using
such grant amounts to—
144
(1) increase the capital available for loans, loan
guarantees, interest rate reduction activities, and
other activities that promote housing affordable to
low-income persons and economic and community
development activities that benefit low-income per-
sons; or
(2) provide technical assistance to borrowers.
(d) APPLICATIONS.—The Secretary shall make
grants only to States that submit an application to the
Secretary, in the form and manner as the Secretary shall
require, that is approved by the Secretary, and enter into
an agreement with the Secretary that assistance under
this section will be used as provided in the approved appli-
cation. The Secretary may approve only applications pro-
viding that—
(1) assistance under this section will be pro-
vided only to eligible intermediaries capable of carry-
ing out the purposes of this section;
(2) eligible intermediaries will contribute for ac-
tivities under subsection (c) not less than an amount
equal to any assistance under this section received
by the eligible intermediary;
(3) not less than 70 percent of loans to individ-
ual borrowers made using assistance provided under
145
this section are to low-income persons and who are
residents of the targeted geographic area served;
(4) all loans made to nonprofit or for-profit or-
ganizations provide a direct benefit to persons who
are residents of the targeted geographic area served;
and
(5) assistance will be used only as provided in
this section.
(e) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit a report to
the Congress annually containing a summary of the activi-
ties carried out under this section and the findings and
conclusions drawn from such activities.
(f) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section:
(1) ELIGIBLE INTERMEDIARY.—The term ‘‘eli-
gible intermediary’’ means a nonprofit organization
that—
(A) is organized under Federal, State or
local laws;
(B) has no part of its net earnings inuring
to the benefit of any member, founder, contrib-
utor, or other person;
(C) complies with standards of financial
accountability acceptable to the Secretary;
146
(D) controls, operates or is affiliated with
an entity that provides credit or investment
capital in a targeted geographic area;
(E) has as its primary purpose the revital-
ization of low-income and chronically distressed
neighborhoods or communities; and
(F) maintains, through significant rep-
resentation on its governing board and other-
wise, accountability to community residents.
(2) LOW-INCOME PERSONS.—The term ‘‘low-in-
come persons’’ means persons whose incomes do not
exceed 80 percent of the median for the area.
(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means
the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
(4) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means the
States of the United States, the District of Colum-
bia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Com-
monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam,
the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Ter-
ritory of the Pacific Islands, and any other territory
or possession of the United States.
(5) TARGETED GEOGRAPHIC AREA.—The term
‘‘targeted geographic area’’ means a geographically
contiguous area of chronic economic distress as
measured by unemployment, growth lag, the extent
147
of poverty, per capita income, extent of blight and
disinvestment, fiscal distress, or other indicators
deemed appropriate by the Secretary, that has been
identified by an eligible intermediary as an area to
be served by it.
SEC. 282. ACCESS TO JOBS/REVERSE COMMUTING DEM-
ONSTRATION PROGRAM.
(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to—
(1) improve employment rates and earnings in
inner-city areas by improving access to job sites for
inner-city residents;
(2) improve the viability of businesses in tax en-
terprise zones and other communities as a result of
the increased incomes and purchasing power of zone
residents; and
(3) test differing approaches to achieving these
goals and determine their effects.
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Labor, in
consultation with the Secretary of Transportation,
shall establish a Reverse Commuting Demonstration
Program to test the effects of assisting residents of
poor inner-city areas to commute to job sites in
other areas of the city or surrounding suburbs.
148
(2) NEIGHBORHOOD AID PLAN.—Any urban tax
enterprise zone or unit of general local government
submitting a neighborhood aid plan for assistance
under subtitle B of this Act may include the pro-
gram under this section as a selected program. As-
sistance may be made available for the program
under this section only if the plan includes informa-
tion meeting the criteria in subsection (c), as ap-
proved by the Secretary of Labor, in consultation
with the Secretary of Transportation.
(3) USE OF SET-ASIDE FUNDS.—The funds set
aside under section 222(d) for the program under
this section shall be used to fund not more than 6
demonstration projects under this section utilizing
the program models described in subsection (d) that
are carried out by units of general local government
pursuant to approved neighborhood aid plans sub-
mitted under chapter 2 of subtitle B. The Secretary
of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary of
Transportation, shall select the projects on a com-
petitive basis from neighborhood aid plans meeting
the requirements of subsection (c) of this section
that are submitted under such chapter.
(c) REQUIRED INFORMATION.—The information re-
quired under subsection (b)(2) to be included in a neigh-
149
borhood aid plan shall be such information as may be
specified by the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with
the Secretary of Transportation, that is sufficient to sat-
isfy the Secretary that—
(1) the geographic area whose residents would
be served by the program established under this sec-
tion pursuant to the neighborhood aid plan is a low-
income area;
(2) one of the three program models described
in subsection (d) will be used by the urban tax en-
terprise zone or unit of general local government;
(3) the data collection procedures that will be
established by the urban tax enterprise zone or unit
of general local government will be sufficient to en-
able the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the
Secretary of Transportation, to conduct an evalua-
tion in accordance with subsection (e); and
(4) the urban tax enterprise zone or unit of
general local government has the capability to per-
form adequately with respect to the program estab-
lished and to meet such other criteria as the Sec-
retary of Labor may prescribe.
(d) PROGRAM MODELS.—A program under this sec-
tion shall be carried out utilizing one of the following pro-
gram models:
150
(1) ADDING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TO EX-
ISTING
JOB
TRAINING
AND
PLACEMENT
PRO-
GRAMS.—Under this model an urban tax enterprise
zone or unit of general local government shall sup-
plement existing training and placement programs
through the establishment of new transportation
services that are designed to—
(A) transport inner-city residents to job lo-
cations (such as van service between the zones
and business parks or major employers, with
the service being provided by a public agency,
a private vendor, or a neighborhood organiza-
tion);
(B) provide transportation counseling and
assistance (such as the creation of car pools
and provision of education on public transit
routes); or
(C) provide a direct subsidy of public tran-
sit fares or private automobile expenses.
(2) IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS TO
FACILITATE
ACCESS
TO
JOBS/REVERSE
COMMUT-
ING.—Under this model an urban tax enterprise
zone or unit of general local government may—
(A) work with the relevant transit operator
or agency to modify public transit routes and
151
schedules to increase the accessibility of resi-
dents of inner-city areas to job locations (such
as through the provision of express bus service
to business parks at times coinciding with labor
shifts or the provision of new connecting serv-
ices to fill gaps that impede commuting from
inner-city areas to jobs sites); or
(B) reimburse public transit operators for
the costs of providing reduced fare programs to
increase the access of inner city residents to
employment opportunities.
An urban tax enterprise zone or unit of general local
government under subparagraph (A) may request
suburban employers to contribute to the costs of im-
plementing such transit services.
(3) ESTABLISHING REGIONAL COALITIONS TO
IMPROVE INNER-CITY ACCESS TO JOBS.—Under this
model an urban tax enterprise zone or unit of gen-
eral local government shall establish a regional coali-
tion, which may include neighborhood organizations,
employers and employers associations, transpor-
tation providers, and similar entities, to implement
comprehensive strategies to improve the access of
residents of inner-cities to jobs through modifica-
tions in job training and placement services, support
152
services such as child care, and transportation serv-
ices. An urban tax enterprise zone or unit of general
local government under this model shall attempt to
link job training program participants with job op-
portunities throughout as much of the metropolitan
area as practicable, and transportation barriers be-
tween inner-city areas and job locations shall be
identified and transportation services implemented
to address these problems.
(e) EVALUATION.—The Secretary of Labor, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall con-
duct a thorough evaluation of the program established
under this section. Such evaluation shall include an assess-
ment of—
(1) with respect to urban tax enterprise zones
or units of general local government adding trans-
portation services to job training programs, the ef-
fect of the addition of such transportation services
on employment rates, job retention, and earnings
among residents of the demonstration project areas;
(2) with respect to urban tax enterprise zones
or units of general local government improving pub-
lic transit systems, the effect of the improvements,
on employment rates, job retention, and earnings;
153
(3) with respect to urban tax enterprise zones
or units of general local government establishing re-
gional coalitions and implementing comprehensive
strategies, the effects of such strategies on employ-
ment rates, job retention, and earnings; and
(4) the manner in which the adoption of such
comprehensive strategies affect employment and
earnings in urban tax enterprise zones and units of
general local government, compared to other urban
tax enterprise zones and units of general local gov-
ernment not initiating programs to improve inner-
city access to suburban job locations.
(f) OTHER FUNDING SOURCES.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to prevent an urban tax enterprise
zone or unit of general local government from raising
funds for any program established under the application
from other sources to augment the funds available under
this Act.
(g) DEFINITION.—As used in this section, the term
‘‘urban tax enterprise zone’’ means an area designated
under section 1391 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
as an urban tax enterprise zone.
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