datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
tiple platforms, facilities, or networks in a manner con-
sistent with the public interest. 
(c) FCC REPORT ON EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS 
BACK-UP SYSTEM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal Commu-
nications Commission, in coordination with the Sec-
retary of Homeland Security, shall evaluate the tech-
nical feasibility of creating a back-up emergency com-
munications system that complements existing com-
munications resources and takes into account next 
generation and advanced telecommunications tech-
nologies. The overriding objective for the evaluation 
shall be providing a framework for the development of 
a resilient interoperable communications system for 
emergency responders in an emergency. The Commis-
sion shall evaluate all reasonable options, including 
satellites, wireless, and terrestrial-based communica-
tions systems and other alternative transport mecha-
nisms that can be used in tandem with existing tech-
nologies. 
(2) FACTORS TO BE EVALUATED.—The evalua-
tion under paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) a survey of all Federal agencies that use 
terrestrial or satellite technology for communica-
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tions security and an evaluation of the feasi-
bility of using existing systems for the purpose 
of creating such an emergency back-up public 
safety communications system; 
(B) the feasibility of using private satellite, 
wireless, or terrestrial networks for emergency 
communications; 
(C) the technical options, cost, and deploy-
ment methods of software, equipment, handsets, 
or desktop communications devices for public 
safety entities in major urban areas, and nation-
wide; and 
(D) the feasibility and cost of necessary 
changes to the network operations center of ter-
restrial-based or satellite systems to enable the 
centers to serve as emergency back-up commu-
nications systems. 
(3) REPORT.—Upon the completion of the eval-
uation under paragraph (1), the Commission shall 
submit a report to Congress that details the findings 
of the evaluation, including a full inventory of exist-
ing public and private resources most efficiently ca-
pable of providing emergency communications. 
(d) INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICATIONS
AND E–911 
SERVICES.—The Secretary of Homeland Security shall take 
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into consideration the role of public safety answering points 
and E-911 systems, and shall reserve a portion of the funds 
made available to carry out section 3006 of Public Law 
109–171 (47 U.S.C. 309 note) to provide interoperable com-
munication system grants for projects to public safety an-
swering points that enable interoperability and that ad-
vance E-911 deployment. 
SEC. 152. TRANSFER OF PUBLIC SAFETY GRANT PROGRAM 
TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECU-
RITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3006 of Public Law 109– 
171 (47 U.S.C. 309 note) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘The Assistant Secretary, in con-
sultation with the’’ in subsection (a) and inserting 
‘‘The’’; and 
(2) by striking ‘‘Assistant Secretary’’ each place 
it appears in subsection (b) and inserting ‘‘Secretary 
of Homeland Security’’. 
(b) USE OF FUNDS.—In carrying out section 3006(a) 
of Public Law 109–171 (47 U.S.C. 309 note), as amended 
by subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security may 
not use funds under that section for any purpose other than 
those provided in section 3006 of that Act. 
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SEC. 153. PUBLIC SAFETY INTEROPERABLE COMMUNICA-
TIONS GRANTS. 
Pursuant to section 3006 of Public Law 109–171 (47 
U.S.C. 309 note), the Secretary of Homeland Security, in 
coordination with the Secretary of Commerce, shall award 
no less than $1,000,000,000 for public safety interoperable 
communications grants no later than September 30, 2006. 
SEC. 154. ELIGIBILITY OF IP-ENABLED SERVICES. 
Section 158(a)(1)(A) of the National Telecommuni-
cations and Information Administration Organization Act 
(47 U.S.C. 942(a)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘services;’’ 
and inserting ‘‘services and services related to the migration 
to an IP-enabled emergency network that provides E–911 
services;’’. 
TITLE II—UNIVERSAL SERVICE 
REFORM; INTERCONNECTION 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Internet and Universal 
Service Act of 2006’’. 
Subtitle A—Contributions to 
Universal Service 
SEC. 211. STABILIZATION OF UNIVERSAL SERVICE FUND-
ING. 
(a) ENSURING AN EQUITABLE CONTRIBUTION BASE 
FOR UNIVERSAL SERVICE.— 
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 254(d) (47 U.S.C. 
254(d)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(d) UNIVERSAL
SERVICE
SUPPORT
CONTRIBU-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(1) CONTRIBUTION MECHANISM.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each communications 
service provider shall contribute as provided in 
this subsection to support universal service. 
‘‘(B) 
REQUIREMENTS.—The 
Commission 
shall ensure that the contributions required by 
this subsection are— 
‘‘(i) applied in a manner that is as 
competitively and technologically neutral as 
possible; 
‘‘(ii) specific, predictable, and suffi-
cient to sustain the funding of networks 
used to preserve and advance universal serv-
ice; and 
‘‘(iii) applied in such a manner that 
no methodology results in a communica-
tions services provider being required to 
contribute more than once to support Fed-
eral universal service for the same trans-
action, activity, or service. 
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‘‘(C) 
ADJUSTMENTS.—The 
Commission 
shall adjust the contribution for communication 
service providers for their low-call volume, non- 
business customers. 
‘‘(2) EXEMPTIONS.—The Commission may ex-
empt a communications service provider or any class 
of communications service providers from the require-
ments of this subsection in the following cir-
cumstances: 
‘‘(A) The services of such a provider are 
limited to such an extent that the level of its con-
tributions would be de minimis. 
‘‘(B) The communications service is pro-
vided pursuant to the Commission’s Lifeline As-
sistance Program. 
‘‘(C) The communications service is pro-
vided only to in-vehicle emergency communica-
tions customers. 
‘‘(D) The communications service is pro-
vided by a not-for-profit communications service 
provider that is neither an affiliate of a for-prof-
it organization nor has a for-profit affiliate and 
which provides voice mailboxes to low income 
consumers and the homeless. 
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‘‘(3) 
CONTRIBUTION
ASSESSMENT
FLEXI-
BILITY.— 
‘‘(A) METHODOLOGY.—To achieve the prin-
ciples in this section, the Commission may base 
universal service contributions upon— 
‘‘(i) revenue from communications 
service; 
‘‘(ii) in-use working phone numbers or 
any other identifier protocol or connection 
to the networks; or 
‘‘(iii) network capacity. 
‘‘(B) USE
OF
MORE
THAN 1 METHOD-
OLOGY.—If no single methodology employed 
under subparagraph (A) achieves the principles 
described in this subsection, the Commission may 
employ a combination of any such methodologies. 
‘‘(C) REMOVAL OF INTERSTATE/INTRASTATE 
DISTINCTION.—Notwithstanding section 2(b) of 
this Act, the Commission may assess the inter-
state, intrastate, and international portions of 
communications service for the purpose of uni-
versal service contributions. 
‘‘(D) GROUP PLAN DISCOUNT.—If the Com-
mission utilizes a methodology under subpara-
graph (A) based in whole or in part on in-use 
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working phone numbers, it may provide a dis-
count for additional numbers provided under a 
group or family pricing plan for residential cus-
tomers provided in 1 bill. 
‘‘(4) 
NON-DISCRIMINATORY
ELIGIBILITY
RE-
QUIREMENT.—A communications service provider is 
not exempted from the requirements of this subsection 
solely on the basis that such provider is not eligible 
to receive support under this section. 
‘‘(5) BILLING.— 
‘‘(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—A 
communications 
service provider that contributes to universal 
service under this section may place on any cus-
tomer bill a separate line item charge that does 
not exceed the amount for the customer that the 
provider is required to contribute under this sub-
section that shall be identified as the ‘Federal 
Universal Service Fee’. 
‘‘(B) LIMITATION.—A communications serv-
ice provider may not separately bill customers 
for administrative costs associated with its col-
lection and remission of universal service fees 
under this subsection. 
‘‘(6) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
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‘‘(A) 
BROADBAND
SERVICE.—The 
term 
‘broadband service’ means any service (whether 
part of a bundle of services or offered separately) 
used for transmission of information of a user’s 
choosing with a transmission speed of at least 
200 kilobits per second in at least 1 direction, re-
gardless of the transmission medium or tech-
nology employed, that connects to the public 
Internet directly— 
‘‘(i) to the public; or 
‘‘(ii) to such classes of users as to be ef-
fectively available directly to the public. 
‘‘(B) COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE.—The term 
‘communications service’ means telecommuni-
cations service, broadband service, or IP-enabled 
voice service (whether part of a bundle of services 
or offered separately). 
‘‘(C) CONNECTION.—The term ‘connection’ 
means the facilities that provide customers with 
access to a public or private network, regardless 
of whether the connection is circuit-switched, 
packet-switched, wireline or wireless, or leased 
line. 
‘‘(D) IN-VEHICLE EMERGENCY COMMUNICA-
TIONS.—The term ‘in-vehicle emergency commu-
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nications’ means services and technology, includ-
ing automatic crash notification, roadside assist-
ance, SOS distress calls, remote diagnostics, 
navigation or location-based services, and other 
driver assistance services, which are integrated 
into passenger automobiles to facilitate commu-
nications from the automobile to emergency re-
sponse professionals. 
‘‘(E) IP-ENABLED
VOICE
SERVICE.—The 
term ‘IP-enabled voice service’ means the provi-
sion of real-time 2-way voice communications of-
fered to the public, or such classes of users as to 
be effectively available to the public, transmitted 
through customer premises equipment using 
Internet protocol, or a successor protocol, for a 
fee (whether part of a bundle of services or of-
fered separately) with 2-way interconnection ca-
pability such that the service can originate traf-
fic to, and terminate traffic from, the public 
switched telephone network. 
‘‘(F) WORKING
PHONE
NUMBERS.—The 
term ‘working phone number’ means an assigned 
number (as defined in section 52.15 of the Com-
mission’s regulations (47 C.F.R. 52.15)) or an 
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intermediate number (as defined in that sec-
tion).’’. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
254(b)(4) (47 U.S.C. 254(b)(4)) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘telecommunications services’’ and inserting 
‘‘communications services (as defined in subsection 
(d)(6)(B)’’. 
(3) STATE
AUTHORITY.—Section 254(f) (47 
U.S.C. 254(f)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) STATE AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State may adopt regula-
tions not inconsistent with the Commission’s rules to 
preserve and advance universal service. In adopting 
those rules, a State may require telecommunications 
service providers and IP-enabled voice service (as de-
fined in subsection (d)(6)(E)) providers to contribute 
to universal service on the basis of— 
‘‘(A) revenue; 
‘‘(B) in-use working phone numbers or any 
other identifier protocol or connection to the net-
works; 
‘‘(C) network capacity; or 
‘‘(D) any combination of such methodolo-
gies. 
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I 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3948 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish a temporary 
surtax to offset the current costs of the Iraq war. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OCTOBER 23, 2007 
Mr. OBEY (for himself, Mr. MURTHA, Mr. MCGOVERN, Ms. MCCOLLUM of 
Minnesota, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. STARK, Mr. BRADY of Pennsylvania, Mr. 
MORAN of Virginia, and Mr. ELLISON) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish 
a temporary surtax to offset the current costs of the 
Iraq war. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Share the Sacrifice 
Act of 2007’’. 
SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY IRAQ WAR SUR-
TAX. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter A of chapter 1 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to normal taxes 
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197 
(i) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall 
establish policies and programs to ensure 
that unaccompanied alien children are pro-
tected from smugglers, traffickers, or other 
persons seeking to victimize or otherwise 
engage such children in criminal, harmful, 
or exploitative activity. 
(ii) WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAMS 
INCLUDED.—Programs established pursu-
ant to clause (i) may include witness pro-
tection programs. 
(B) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROS-
ECUTIONS.—Any officer or employee of the Of-
fice or the Department of Homeland Security, 
and any grantee or contractor of the Office, 
who suspects any individual of involvement in 
any activity described in subparagraph (A) shall 
report such individual to Federal or State pros-
ecutors for criminal investigation and prosecu-
tion. 
(C) DISCIPLINARY ACTION.—Any officer or 
employee of the Office or the Department of 
Homeland Security, and any grantee or con-
tractor of the Office, who suspects an attorney 
of involvement in any activity described in sub-
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106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4608
AN ACT
To designate the United States courthouse located at 220
West Depot Street in Greeneville, Tennessee, as the
‘‘James H. Quillen United States Courthouse’’.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
tional cost-sharing arrangements with other Federal 
departments and other participants involved in the 
joint operation centers. 
(e) OPERATION SAFE COMMERCE.—There are au-
thorized to be appropriated $25,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2007 through 2012 to carry out the provisions of 
section 16(c). 
(f) PORT SECURITY GRANT PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated $400,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2007 through 2012 to carry out the grant program 
established under section 17. 
(2) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—Amounts authorized 
to be appropriated under paragraph (1) shall origi-
nate from duties collected by U.S. Customs and Bor-
der Protection. 
(g) OTHER PROVISIONS.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of 
fiscal years 2007 through 2012 to carry out the provisions 
of this Act not otherwise provided for under this section. 
Æ 
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106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 460
AN ACT
To amend title 5, United States Code, to provide
that the mandatory separation age for Federal
firefighters be made the same as the age that ap-
plies with respect to Federal law enforcement of-
ficers.
and surtaxes) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new part: 
‘‘PART VIII—TEMPORARY IRAQ WAR SURTAX 
‘‘Sec. 59B. Temporary Iraq war surtax. 
‘‘SEC. 59B. TEMPORARY IRAQ WAR SURTAX. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In the case of any taxable year 
beginning in 2008— 
‘‘(1) JOINT RETURNS.—In the case of a joint 
return with net income tax liability, the tax imposed 
under this chapter shall be increased by the amount 
of the surtax determined in accordance with the fol-
lowing table: 
‘‘If net income tax liability is: 
The surtax is: 
Not over $10,600 ..........................
2.5% of net income tax liability 
Over 
$10,600 
but 
not 
over 
$22,600.
$265, plus 5% of the excess over 
$10,600 
Over 
$22,600 
but 
not 
over 
$36,400.
$865, plus 11% of the excess over 
$22,600 
Over $36,400 .................................
$2,383, plus 16% of the excess over 
$36,400 
‘‘(2) OTHER
INDIVIDUALS, TRUSTS, AND
ES-
TATES.—In the case of any individual, trust, or es-
tate with net income tax liability (other than a joint 
return), the tax imposed under this chapter shall be 
increased by the amount of the surtax determined in 
accordance with the following table: 
‘‘If net income tax liability is: 
The surtax is: 
Not over $5,300 ............................
2.5% of net income tax liability 
Over $5,300 but not over $11,300 
$132.50, plus 5% of the excess over 
$5,300 
Over 
$11,300 
but 
not 
over 
$18,200.
$432.50, plus 11% of the excess over 
$11,300 
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I 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3949 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow distilled spirits to 
be produced in dwelling houses, other connected structures, and certain 
other premises. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OCTOBER 23, 2007 
Mr. STUPAK introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow dis-
tilled spirits to be produced in dwelling houses, other 
connected structures, and certain other premises. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. REPEAL OF PROHIBITION OF PRODUCTION OF 
DISTILLED SPIRITS ON CERTAIN PREMISES. 
(a) REPEAL.—Section 5178(a)(1) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended— 
(1) by striking subparagraph (B); and 
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as sub-
paragraph (B). 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to distributions made in taxable 
years beginning after December 31, 2007. 
SEC. 5. CERTAIN EXPENSES OF ELEMENTARY AND SEC-
ONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (D) of section 
62(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating 
to certain trade and business deductions of employees) is 
amended by striking ‘‘during 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 
2006, or 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘after December 31, 2001, 
and before January 1, 2013’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2007. 
SEC. 6. QUALIFIED TUITION AND RELATED EXPENSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (e) of section 222 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to termi-
nation) is amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 2007’’ and 
inserting ‘‘December 31, 2012’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2007. 
Æ 
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106TH CONGRESS
2D SESSION
H. R. 4615
AN ACT
To redesignate the facility of the United States
Postal Service located at 3030 Meredith Avenue
in Omaha, Nebraska, as the ‘‘Reverend J.C.
Wade Post Office’’.
be exempted from paying compensation for interstate traffic 
owed to another provider or carrier solely on the basis that 
such traffic is IP-enabled, and any obligations to pay com-
pensation with respect to traffic that originates or termi-
nates on the public switched telephone network shall be re-
ciprocal, including any payment to an IP-enabled voice 
service provider that receives traffic from, or sends traffic 
to, the public switched telephone network. 
‘‘(b) DISABLED ACCESS.—An IP-enabled voice service 
provider or a manufacturer of IP-enabled voice service 
equipment shall have the same rights, duties, and obliga-
tions as a telecommunications carrier or telecommuni-
cations equipment manufacturer, respectively, under sec-
tions 225, 255, and 710 of the Act. Within 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Internet and Universal Service 
Act of 2006, the Commission, in consultation with the Ar-
chitectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
Board, shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to 
implement this section. In prescribing the regulations, the 
Commission shall take into account the differences between 
IP-enabled voice service and circuit-switched communica-
tions, and the functionalities required by the disabled com-
munity. Every 2 years after the date of enactment of the 
Internet and Universal Service Act of 2006, the Commission 
shall submit a report to the Committee on Commerce, 
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‘‘(8) ‘B20 biodiesel blend’ means a mixture of 
biodiesel and diesel fuel approximately 20 percent of 
the content of which is biodiesel, and commonly 
known as ‘B20’.’’. 
TITLE II—UNITED STATES- 
ISRAEL ENERGY COOPERATION 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘United States-Israel 
Energy Cooperation Act’’. 
SEC. 202. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds that— 
(1) it is in the highest national security inter-
ests of the United States to ensure secure access to 
reliable energy sources; 
(2) the United States relies heavily on the for-
eign supply of crude oil to meet the energy needs of 
the United States, currently importing 58 percent of 
the total oil requirements of the United States, of 
which 45 percent comes from member states of the 
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 
(OPEC); 
(3) revenues from the sale of oil by some of 
these countries directly or indirectly provide funding 
for terrorism and propaganda hostile to the values 
of the United States and the West; 
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