SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Immunization Infra-
structure Modernization Act of 2021’’. 
SEC. 2. IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA MOD-
ERNIZATION AND EXPANSION. 
Subtitle C of title XXVIII of the Public Health Serv-
ice Act (42 U.S.C. 300hh–31 et seq.) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 2824. IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM DATA 
MODERNIZATION AND EXPANSION. 
‘‘(a) EXPANDING CDC AND PUBLIC HEALTH DE-
PARTMENT CAPABILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct activities (including with re-
spect to interoperability, population reporting, 
and bidirectional reporting) to expand, enhance, 
and improve immunization information systems 
that are administered by health departments or 
other agencies of State, local, Tribal, and terri-
torial governments and used by health care pro-
viders; and 
‘‘(B) award grants or cooperative agree-
ments to the health departments, or such other 
governmental entities as administer immuniza-
tion information systems, of State, local, Tribal, 
and territorial governments, for the expansion,
enhancement, and improvement of immuniza-
tion information systems to assist public health 
departments in— 
‘‘(i) assessing current data infrastruc-
ture capabilities and gaps among health 
care providers to improve and increase 
consistency in patient matching, data col-
lection, reporting, bidirectional exchange, 
and analysis of immunization-related infor-
mation; 
‘‘(ii) providing for technical assistance 
and the efficient enrollment and training of 
health care providers, including at phar-
macies and other settings where immuniza-
tions are being provided, such as long-term 
care facilities, specialty health care pro-
viders, community health centers, Feder-
ally qualified health centers, rural health 
centers, organizations serving adults 65 
and older, and organizations serving home-
less and incarcerated populations; 
‘‘(iii) improving secure data collection, 
transmission, bidirectional exchange, main-
tenance, and analysis of immunization in-
formation;
‘‘(iv) 
improving 
the 
secure 
bidirectional exchange of immunization 
record data among Federal, State, local, 
Tribal, and territorial governmental enti-
ties and non-governmental entities, includ-
ing by— 
‘‘(I) improving such exchange 
among public health officials in mul-
tiple jurisdictions within a State, as 
appropriate; and 
‘‘(II) by simplifying and sup-
porting electronic reporting by any 
health care provider; 
‘‘(v) supporting the standardization of 
immunization information systems to accel-
erate interoperability with health informa-
tion technology, including with health in-
formation technology certified under sec-
tion 3001(c)(5) or with health information 
networks; 
‘‘(vi) supporting adoption of the im-
munization information system functional 
standards of the Centers for Disease Con-
trol and Prevention and the maintenance
of security standards to protect individ-
ually identifiable health information; 
‘‘(vii) supporting and training immu-
nization information system, data science, 
and informatics personnel; 
‘‘(viii) supporting real-time immuniza-
tion record data exchange and reporting, 
to support rapid identification of immuni-
zation coverage gaps; 
‘‘(ix) improving completeness of data 
by facilitating the capability of immuniza-
tion information systems to exchange data, 
directly or indirectly, with immunization 
information systems in other jurisdictions; 
‘‘(x) enhancing the capabilities of im-
munization information systems to evalu-
ate, forecast, and operationalize clinical de-
cision support tools in alignment with the 
recommendations of the Advisory Com-
mittee on Immunization Practices as ap-
proved by the Director of the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention; 
‘‘(xi) supporting the development and 
implementation of policies that facilitate 
complete population-level capture, consoli-
dation, and access to accurate immuniza-
tion information; 
‘‘(xii) supporting the procurement and 
implementation of updated software, hard-
ware, and cloud storage to adequately 
manage information volume and capabili-
ties; 
‘‘(xiii) supporting expansion of capa-
bilities within immunization information 
systems for outbreak response; 
‘‘(xiv) supporting activities within the 
applicable jurisdiction related to the man-
agement, distribution, and storage of vac-
cine doses and ancillary supplies; 
‘‘(xv) developing information related 
to the use and importance of immunization 
record data and disseminating such infor-
mation to health care providers and other 
persons authorized under State law to ac-
cess such information, including payors 
and health care facilities; or 
‘‘(xvi) supporting activities to improve 
the scheduling and administration of vac-
cinations.
‘‘(2) DATA STANDARDS.—In carrying out para-
graph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) designate data and technology stand-
ards that must be followed by governmental en-
tities with respect to use of immunization infor-
mation systems as a condition of receiving an 
award under this section, with priority given to 
standards developed by— 
‘‘(i) 
consensus-based 
organizations 
with input from the public; and 
‘‘(ii) voluntary consensus-based stand-
ards bodies; and 
‘‘(B) support a means of independent 
verification of the standards used in carrying 
out paragraph (1). 
‘‘(3) PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS.—In car-
rying out paragraph (1), the Secretary may develop 
and utilize contracts and cooperative agreements for 
technical assistance, training, and related implemen-
tation support. 
‘‘(b) REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) 
HEALTH
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY 
STANDARDS.—The Secretary may not award a grant 
or cooperative agreement under subsection (a)(1)(B)
unless the applicant uses and agrees to use stand-
ards adopted by the Secretary under section 3004. 
‘‘(2) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the 
requirement under paragraph (1) with respect to an 
applicant if the Secretary determines that the activi-
ties under subsection (a)(1)(B) cannot otherwise be 
carried out within the applicable jurisdiction. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION.—A State, local, Tribal, or 
territorial health department applying for a grant or 
cooperative agreement under subsection (a)(1)(B) 
shall submit an application to the Secretary at such 
time and in such manner as the Secretary may re-
quire. Such application shall include information de-
scribing— 
‘‘(A) the activities that will be supported 
by the grant or cooperative agreement; and 
‘‘(B) how the modernization of the immu-
nization information systems involved will sup-
port or impact the public health infrastructure 
of the health department, including a descrip-
tion of remaining gaps, if any, and the actions 
needed to address such gaps. 
‘‘(c) STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.—Not 
later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this sec-
tion, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on En-