3275 
‘‘(9) drilling technologies, methods, and tools; 
‘‘(10) improved exploration tools; 
‘‘(11) zonal isolation; and 
‘‘(12) understanding induced seismicity risks 
from reservoir engineering and stimulation. 
‘‘(c) FRONTIER OBSERVATORY
FOR RESEARCH
IN 
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support 
the establishment and construction of up to 3 field re-
search sites, which shall each be known as a ‘Frontier 
Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy’ or 
‘FORGE’ site to develop, test, and enhance techniques 
and tools for enhanced geothermal energy. 
‘‘(2) DUTIES.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) provide financial assistance in support 
of research and development projects focused on 
advanced monitoring technologies, new tech-
nologies and approaches for implementing multi- 
zone stimulations, nonstimulation techniques, 
and dynamic reservoir modeling that incor-
porates all available high-fidelity characteriza-
tion data; and 
‘‘(B) seek opportunities to coordinate efforts 
and share information with domestic and inter-
national partners engaged in research and devel-
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opment of geothermal systems and related tech-
nology, including coordination between FORGE 
sites. 
‘‘(3) SITE SELECTION.—Of the FORGE sites re-
ferred to in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) consider applications through a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed process, from National 
Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, 
institutes of higher education and other appro-
priate entities best suited to provide national 
leadership on geothermal related issues and per-
form the duties enumerated under this sub-
section; 
‘‘(B) prioritize existing field sites and fa-
cilities with capabilities relevant to the duties 
enumerated under this subsection; 
‘‘(C) determine the mission need for and po-
tential location of subsequent FORGE sites fol-
lowing the completion of construction and one 
year of operation of two FORGE sites; and 
‘‘(D) 
ensure 
geologic 
diversity 
among 
FORGE sites when developing subsequent sites, 
to the maximum extent practicable. 
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‘‘(4) EXISTING FORGE SITES.—A FORGE site 
already in existence on the date of enactment of this 
Act may continue to receive support. 
‘‘(5) SITE OPERATION.— 
‘‘(A) INITIAL DURATION.—FORGE sites se-
lected under paragraph (3) shall operate for an 
initial term of not more than 7 years after the 
date on which site operation begins. 
‘‘(B) PERFORMANCE
METRICS.—The Sec-
retary shall establish performance metrics for 
each FORGE site supported under this para-
graph, which may be used by the Secretary to 
determine whether a FORGE site should con-
tinue to receive funding. 
‘‘(6) ADDITIONAL TERMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—At the end of an oper-
ational term described in subparagraph (B), a 
FORGE site may— 
‘‘(i) be transferred to other public or 
private entities for further enhanced geo-
thermal testing; or 
‘‘(ii) subject to appropriations and a 
merit review by the Secretary, operate for 
an additional term of not more than 7 
years. 
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‘‘(B) OPERATIONAL TERM DESCRIBED.—An 
operational term referred to in subparagraph 
(A)— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an existing FORGE 
site, is the existing operational term; and 
‘‘(ii) in the case of new FORGE sites 
selected under paragraph (3), is the initial 
term under paragraph (5)(A) or an addi-
tional term under subparagraph (A)(ii) of 
this paragraph. 
‘‘(7) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 623, there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the FORGE activities under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(iii) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iv) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(v) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(B) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out 
this subsection, the Secretary shall consider the 
balance between funds dedicated to construction 
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3279 
and operations and research activities to reflect 
the state of site development. 
‘‘(d) ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRA-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning on the date of en-
actment of this section, the Secretary, in collaboration 
with industry partners, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and the national laboratories, shall support 
an initiative for demonstration of enhanced geo-
thermal systems for power production or direct use. 
‘‘(2) PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Under the initiative de-
scribed in paragraph (1), 4 demonstration 
projects shall be carried out in locations that are 
potentially commercially viable for enhanced geo-
thermal systems development, while also consid-
ering environmental impacts to the maximum 
extent practicable, as determined by the Sec-
retary. 
‘‘(B) 
REQUIREMENTS.—Demonstration 
projects under subparagraph (A) shall— 
‘‘(i) collectively demonstrate— 
‘‘(I) different geologic settings, 
such as hot sedimentary aquifers, lay-
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3280 
ered geologic systems, supercritical sys-
tems, and basement rock systems; and 
‘‘(II) a variety of development 
techniques, including open hole and 
cased hole completions, differing well 
orientations, and stimulation and non-
stimulation mechanisms; and 
‘‘(ii) to the extent practicable, use ex-
isting sites where subsurface characteriza-
tion or geothermal energy integration anal-
ysis has been conducted. 
‘‘(C) EASTERN DEMONSTRATION.—Not fewer 
than 1 of the demonstration projects carried out 
under subparagraph (A) shall be located an area 
east of the Mississippi River that is suitable for 
enhanced geothermal demonstration for power, 
heat, or a combination of power and heat. 
‘‘(D) MILESTONE-BASED
DEMONSTRATION 
PROJECTS.—The Secretary may carry out dem-
onstration projects under this subsection as a 
milestone-based demonstration project under sec-
tion 9005 of the Energy Act of 2020. 
‘‘(3) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under section 623, there shall be made 
available to the Secretary to carry out the demonstra-
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3281 
tion activities under this subsection $21,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
(e) GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS AND DIRECT USE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Title VI of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007 is amended by in-
serting after section 616 (42 U.S.C. 17195) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 616A. GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS AND DIRECT USE 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
‘‘(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of this section are— 
‘‘(1) to improve the understanding of related 
earth sciences, components, processes, and systems 
used for geothermal heat pumps and the direct use of 
geothermal energy; and 
‘‘(2) to increase the energy efficiency, lower the 
cost, increase the use, and improve and demonstrate 
the effectiveness of geothermal heat pumps and the di-
rect use of geothermal energy. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) DIRECT USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.— 
The term ‘direct use of geothermal energy’ means geo-
thermal systems that use water directly or through a 
heat exchanger to provide— 
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3282 
‘‘(A) heating and cooling to buildings, com-
mercial districts, residential communities, and 
large municipal, or industrial projects; or 
‘‘(B) heat required for industrial processes, 
agriculture, aquaculture, and other facilities. 
‘‘(2) ECONOMICALLY
DISTRESSED
AREA.—The 
term ‘economically distressed area’ means an area de-
scribed in section 301(a) of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
3161(a)). 
‘‘(3) GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP.—The term ‘geo-
thermal heat pump’ means a system that provides 
heating and cooling by exchanging heat from shallow 
geology, groundwater, or surface water using— 
‘‘(A) a closed loop system, which transfers 
heat by way of buried or immersed pipes that 
contain a mix of water and working fluid; or 
‘‘(B) an open loop system, which circulates 
ground or surface water directly into the build-
ing and returns the water to the same aquifer or 
surface water source. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support 
within the Geothermal Technologies Office a program 
of research, development, and demonstration for geo-
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thermal heat pumps and the direct use of geothermal 
energy. 
‘‘(2) AREAS.—The program under paragraph (1) 
may include research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial application of— 
‘‘(A) geothermal ground loop efficiency im-
provements, cost reductions, and improved in-
stallation and operations methods; 
‘‘(B) the use of geothermal energy for build-
ing-scale energy storage; 
‘‘(C) the use of geothermal energy as a grid 
management resource or seasonal energy storage; 
‘‘(D) geothermal heat pump efficiency im-
provements; 
‘‘(E) the use of alternative fluids as a heat 
exchange medium, such as hot water found in 
mines and mine shafts, graywater, or other 
fluids that may improve the economics of geo-
thermal heat pumps; 
‘‘(F) heating of districts, neighborhoods, 
communities, large commercial or public build-
ings, and industrial and manufacturing facili-
ties; 
‘‘(G) the use of low temperature ground-
water for direct use; and 
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3284 
‘‘(H) system integration of direct use with 
geothermal electricity production. 
‘‘(3) ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS.—In carrying 
out the program, the Secretary shall identify and 
mitigate potential environmental impacts in accord-
ance with section 614(b). 
‘‘(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out the program established in subsection (c) by mak-
ing financial assistance available to State, local, and 
Tribal governments, institutions of higher education, 
nonprofit entities, National Laboratories, utilities, 
and for-profit companies. 
‘‘(2) PRIORITY.—In providing financial assist-
ance under this subsection, the Secretary may give 
priority to proposals that apply to large buildings, 
commercial districts, and residential communities 
that are located in economically distressed areas and 
areas that the Secretary determines to have high eco-
nomic potential for geothermal district heating based 
on the report, ‘Geovision: Harnessing the Heat Be-
neath our Feet’ published by the Department in 2019, 
or a successor report.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
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3285 
(42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table of 
contents by inserting after the item relating to section 
616 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 616A. Geothermal heat pumps and direct use research and development.’’. 
(f) ORGANIZATION
AND ADMINISTRATION
OF PRO-
GRAMS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 617 of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17196) is amended— 
(A) by striking the section heading and in-
serting ‘‘ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRA-
TION OF PROGRAMS’’; 
(B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph 
(2) and redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(c) EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.—In carrying out 
the activities described in this subtitle, the Secretary shall 
support education and outreach activities to disseminate 
information on geothermal energy technologies and the geo-
thermal energy workforce, including activities at the Fron-
tier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy site or 
sites. 
‘‘(d) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—In carrying out this 
subtitle, the Secretary shall also conduct technical assist-
ance and analysis activities with eligible entities for the 
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3286 
purpose of supporting the commercial application of ad-
vances in geothermal energy systems development and oper-
ations, which may include activities that support expand-
ing access to advanced geothermal energy technologies for 
rural, Tribal, and low-income communities. 
‘‘(e) REPORT.—Every 5 years after the date of enact-
ment of this subsection, the Secretary shall report to the 
Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate on advanced concepts and technologies 
to maximize the geothermal resource potential of the United 
States. 
‘‘(f) PROGRESS REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years 
thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate a report on the results of projects undertaken under this 
part and other such information the Secretary considers ap-
propriate.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table of 
contents by amending the item related to section 617 
to read as follows: 
‘‘Sec. 617. Organization and administration of programs.’’. 
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3287 
(g) ADVANCED GEOTHERMAL COMPUTING AND DATA 
SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 618 of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17197) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 618. ADVANCED GEOTHERMAL COMPUTING AND DATA 
SCIENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program of research and development of advanced com-
puting and data science tools for geothermal energy. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAMS.—The program authorized in sub-
section (a) shall include the following: 
‘‘(1) ADVANCED COMPUTING FOR GEOTHERMAL 
SYSTEMS
TECHNOLOGIES.—Research, 
development, 
and demonstration of technologies to develop advanced 
data, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and re-
lated computing tools to assist in locating geothermal 
resources, to increase the reliability of site character-
ization, to increase the rate and efficiency of drilling, 
to improve induced seismicity mitigation, and to sup-
port enhanced geothermal systems technologies. 
‘‘(2) GEOTHERMAL
SYSTEMS
RESERVOIR
MOD-
ELING.—Research, development, and demonstration of 
models of geothermal reservoir performance and en-
hanced geothermal systems reservoir stimulation tech-
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nologies and techniques, with an emphasis on accu-
rately modeling fluid and heat flow, permeability evo-
lution, geomechanics, geochemistry, seismicity, and 
operational performance over time, including collabo-
ration with industry and field validation. 
‘‘(c) COORDINATION.—In carrying out these programs, 
the Secretary shall ensure coordination and consultation 
with the Department of Energy’s Office of Science. The Sec-
retary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, co-
ordination of these activities with the Department of En-
ergy National Laboratories, institutes of higher education, 
and the private sector.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table of 
contents by amending the item related to section 618 
to read as follows: 
‘‘Sec. 618. Advanced geothermal computing and data science research and devel-
opment.’’. 
(h) GEOTHERMAL WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 619 of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17198) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 619. GEOTHERMAL WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT. 
‘‘The Secretary shall support the development of a geo-
thermal energy workforce through a program that— 
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3289 
‘‘(1) facilitates collaboration between university 
students and researchers at the National Laboratories; 
and 
‘‘(2) prioritizes science in areas relevant to the 
mission of the Department through the application of 
geothermal energy tools and technologies.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table of 
contents by amending the item related to section 619 
to read as follows: 
‘‘Sec. 619. Geothermal workforce development.’’. 
(i) REPEALS.— 
(1) EISA REPEAL.—Subtitle B of title VI of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17191 et seq.) is amended by striking sections 
620 and 621. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 1(b) of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17001 note) is amended in the table of 
contents by striking the item related to section 620 
and 621. 
(3) ADDITIONAL REPEAL.—The Geothermal En-
ergy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act 
of 1974 (30 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) is repealed. 
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3290 
(j) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
623 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 
(42 U.S.C. 17202) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 623. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the programs under this subtitle 
$170,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
(k) INTERNATIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOP-
MENT.—Section 624 of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17203) is amended— 
(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy, in co-
ordination with other appropriate Federal and multilateral 
agencies (including the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development) shall support collaborative efforts 
with international partners to promote the research, devel-
opment, and demonstration of geothermal technologies used 
to develop hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal system 
resources.’’; and 
(2) by striking subsection (c). 
(l) REAUTHORIZATION OF HIGH COST REGION GEO-
THERMAL ENERGY GRANT PROGRAM.—Section 625 of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17204) is amended— 
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3291 
(1) in subsection (a)(2), by inserting ‘‘or heat’’ 
after ‘‘electrical power’’; and 
(2) by amending subsection (e) to read as fol-
lows: 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Out of 
funds authorized under section 623, there is authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
(m) UPDATE TO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE ASSESS-
MENT.—Section 2501 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (30 
U.S.C. 1028) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsections (a) and (b) as 
subsections (b) and (d), respectively; 
(2) by inserting before subsection (b) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(a) DEFINITION OF ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYS-
TEMS.—In this section, the term ‘enhanced geothermal sys-
tems’ has the meaning given the term in section 612 of the 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17191).’’; 
(3) by inserting after subsection (b) (as so redes-
ignated) the following: 
‘‘(c) UPDATE TO GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE ASSESS-
MENT.—The Secretary of the Interior, acting through the 
United States Geological Survey, and in consultation with 
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3292 
the Secretary of Energy, shall update the 2008 United 
States geothermal resource assessment carried out by the 
United States Geological Survey, including— 
‘‘(1) with respect to areas previously identified 
by the Department of Energy or the United States 
Geological Survey as having significant potential for 
hydrothermal energy or enhanced geothermal systems 
energy, by focusing on— 
‘‘(A) improving the resolution of resource 
potential at systematic temperatures and depths, 
including temperatures and depths appropriate 
for power generation and direct use applications; 
‘‘(B) quantifying the total potential to co-
produce geothermal energy and minerals; 
‘‘(C) incorporating data relevant to under-
ground thermal energy storage and exchange, 
such as aquifer and soil properties; and 
‘‘(D) producing high resolution maps, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(i) maps that indicate key subsurface 
parameters for electric and direct use re-
sources; and 
‘‘(ii) risk maps for induced seismicity 
based on geologic, geographic, and oper-
ational parameters; and 
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3293 
‘‘(2) to the maximum extent practicable, by co-
ordinating with relevant State officials and institu-
tions of higher education to expand geothermal assess-
ments, including enhanced geothermal systems assess-
ments, to include assessments for the Commonwealth 
of Puerto Rico and the States of Alaska and Ha-
waii.’’; and 
(4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), by 
striking ‘‘necesary’’ and inserting ‘‘necessary’’. 
(n) MODIFYING THE DEFINITION OF RENEWABLE EN-
ERGY TO INCLUDE THERMAL ENERGY.— 
(o) MODIFYING THE DEFINITION OF RENEWABLE EN-
ERGY TO INCLUDE THERMAL ENERGY.—Section 203 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘generated’’ 
and inserting ‘‘produced’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(1) 
through (3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), 
respectively, and indenting appropriately; 
(B) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A) (as so redesignated), by striking ‘‘For pur-
poses’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(2) SEPARATE CALCULATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of deter-
mining compliance with the requirement of this 
section, any energy consumption that is avoided 
through the use of geothermal energy shall be 
considered to be renewable energy produced. 
‘‘(B) 
EFFICIENCY
ACCOUNTING.—Energy 
consumption that is avoided through the use of 
geothermal energy that is considered to be renew-
able energy under this section shall not be con-
sidered energy efficiency for the purpose of com-
pliance with Federal energy efficiency goals, tar-
gets, and incentives.’’. 
SEC. 3003. WIND ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CRITICAL
MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘critical 
material’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
7002 of this Act. 
(2) ECONOMICALLY
DISTRESSED
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘economically distressed area’’ means an area 
described in section 301(a) of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
3161(a)). 
(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti-
ty’’ means— 
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3295 
(A) an institution of higher education, in-
cluding a minority-serving institution; 
(B) a National Laboratory; 
(C) a Federal research agency; 
(D) a State research agency; 
(E) a research agency associated with a ter-
ritory or freely associated state; 
(F) a Tribal energy development organiza-
tion; 
(G) an Indian Tribe; 
(H) a Tribal organization; 
(I) a Native Hawaiian community-based 
organization; 
(J) a nonprofit research organization; 
(K) an industrial entity; 
(L) any other entity, as determined by the 
Secretary; and 
(M) a consortium of 2 or more entities de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) through (L). 
(4) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the In-
dian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ means— 
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3296 
(A) an institution of higher education (as 
defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))); or 
(B) a postsecondary vocational institution 
(as defined in section 102(c) of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002(c))). 
(6) MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term 
‘‘minority-serving institution’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘eligible institution’’ in section 371(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
(7) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801(3)). 
(8) NATIVE HAWAIIAN COMMUNITY-BASED ORGA-
NIZATION.—The term ‘‘Native Hawaiian community- 
based organization’’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517). 
(9) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1). 
(10) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(11) 
TERRITORY
OR
FREELY
ASSOCIATED 
STATE.—The term ‘‘territory or freely associated 
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state’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘insular area’’ 
in section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103). 
(12) TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZA-
TION.—The term ‘‘Tribal energy development organi-
zation’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘tribal en-
ergy development organization’’ in section 2601 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3501). 
(13) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
organization’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(b) WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a program to conduct research, develop-
ment, demonstration, and commercialization of 
wind energy technologies in accordance with this 
subsection. 
(B) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the pro-
gram are the following: 
(i) To improve the energy efficiency, 
cost effectiveness, reliability, resilience, secu-
rity, siting, integration, manufacturability, 
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installation, 
decommissioning, 
and 
recyclability of wind energy technologies. 
(ii) To optimize the performance and 
operation of wind energy components, tur-
bines, and systems, including through the 
development of new materials, hardware, 
and software. 
(iii) To optimize the design and adapt-
ability of wind energy technologies to the 
broadest practical range of geographic, at-
mospheric, offshore, and other site condi-
tions, including— 
(I) at varying hub heights; and 
(II) through the use of computer 
modeling. 
(iv) To support the integration of wind 
energy technologies with the electric grid 
and other energy technologies and systems. 
(v) To reduce the cost, risk, and other 
potential negative impacts across the life-
span of wind energy technologies, includ-
ing— 
(I) manufacturing, siting, permit-
ting, installation, operations, mainte-
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nance, decommissioning, and recycling; 
and 
(II) through the development of 
solutions to transportation barriers to 
wind components. 
(vi) To reduce and mitigate potential 
negative impacts of wind energy tech-
nologies on human communities, the envi-
ronment, or commerce. 
(vii) To address barriers to the com-
mercialization and export of wind energy 
technologies. 
(viii) To support the domestic wind in-
dustry, workforce, and supply chain. 
(C) TARGETS.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall establish targets for the program re-
lating to near-term (up to 2 years), mid-term 
(up to 7 years), and long-term (up to 15 years) 
challenges to the advancement of wind energy 
technologies, including onshore, offshore, distrib-
uted, and off-grid technologies. 
(2) ACTIVITIES.— 
(A) TYPES OF ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out 
the program, the Secretary shall carry out re-
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search, development, demonstration, and com-
mercialization activities, including— 
(i) awarding grants and awards, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis; 
(ii) performing precompetitive research 
and development; 
(iii) establishing or maintaining dem-
onstration facilities and projects, including 
through stewardship of existing facilities 
such as the National Wind Test Center; 
(iv) providing technical assistance; 
(v) entering into contracts and cooper-
ative agreements; 
(vi) providing small business vouchers; 
(vii) establishing prize competitions; 
(viii) conducting education and out-
reach activities; 
(ix) conducting professional develop-
ment activities; and 
(x) conducting analyses, studies, and 
reports. 
(B) SUBJECT AREAS.—The Secretary shall 
carry out research, development, demonstration, 
and commercialization activities in the following 
subject areas: 
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(i) Wind power plant siting, perform-
ance, operations, and security. 
(ii) New materials and designs relat-
ing to all hardware, software, and compo-
nents of wind energy technologies, including 
technologies and strategies that reduce the 
use of energy, water, critical materials, and 
other commodities that are determined to be 
vulnerable to disruption. 
(iii) Advanced wind energy manufac-
turing and installation technologies and 
practices, including materials, processes, 
such as onsite or near site manufacturing, 
and design. 
(iv) Offshore wind-specific projects and 
plants, including— 
(I) fixed and floating substructure 
systems, materials, and components; 
(II) the operation of offshore fa-
cilities, such as— 
(aa) an offshore research fa-
cility to conduct research for oce-
anic, biological, geological, and 
atmospheric resource characteriza-
tion relevant to offshore wind en-
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3302 
ergy development in coordination 
with the ocean and atmospheric 
science communities; and 
(bb) 
an 
offshore 
support 
structure testing facility to con-
duct development, demonstration, 
and commercialization of large- 
scale and full-scale offshore wind 
energy support structure compo-
nents and systems; 
(III) the monitoring and analysis 
of site and environmental consider-
ations unique to offshore sites, includ-
ing freshwater environments. 
(v) Integration of wind energy tech-
nologies with— 
(I) the electric grid, including 
transmission, distribution, microgrids, 
and distributed energy systems; and 
(II) other energy technologies, in-
cluding— 
(aa) other generation sources; 
(bb) demand response tech-
nologies; and 
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(cc) 
energy 
storage 
tech-
nologies. 
(vi) Methods to improve the lifetime, 
maintenance, decommissioning, recycling, 
reuse, and sustainability of wind energy 
components and systems, including tech-
nologies and strategies to reduce the use of 
energy, water, critical materials, and other 
valuable or harmful inputs. 
(vii) Wind power forecasting and at-
mospheric measurement systems, including 
for turbines and plant systems of varying 
height. 
(viii) Integrated wind energy systems, 
grid-connected and off-grid, that incor-
porate diverse— 
(I) generation sources; 
(II) loads; and 
(III) storage technologies. 
(ix) Reducing market barriers, includ-
ing non-hardware and information-based 
barriers, to the adoption of wind energy 
technologies, such as impacts on, or chal-
lenges relating to— 
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3304 
(I) distributed wind technologies, 
including the development of best prac-
tices, models, and voluntary stream-
lined processes for local siting and per-
mitting of distributed wind energy sys-
tems to reduce costs; 
(II) airspace; 
(III) military operations; 
(IV) radar; 
(V) local communities, with spe-
cial consideration given to economi-
cally distressed areas, previously dis-
turbed lands such as landfills and 
former mines, and other areas dis-
proportionately impacted by environ-
mental pollution; 
(VI) wildlife and wildlife habitats; 
and 
(VII) any other appropriate mat-
ter, as determined by the Secretary. 
(x) Technologies or strategies to avoid, 
minimize, and offset the potential impacts 
of wind energy facilities on bird species, bat 
species, marine wildlife, and other sensitive 
species and habitats. 
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(xi) Advanced physics-based and data 
analysis computational tools, in coordina-
tion with the high-performance computing 
programs of the Department, to more effi-
ciently design, site, permit, manufacture, 
install, operate, decommission, and recycle 
wind energy systems. 
(xii) Technologies for distributed wind, 
including micro, small, and medium tur-
bines and the components of those turbines 
and their microgrid applications. 
(xiii) Transformational technologies 
for harnessing wind energy. 
(xiv) Other research areas that advance 
the purposes of the program, as determined 
by the Secretary. 
(C) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out ac-
tivities under the program, the Secretary shall, 
to the maximum extent practicable, give special 
consideration to— 
(i) projects that— 
(I) are located in a geographically 
diverse range of eligible entities; 
(II) support the development or 
demonstration of projects— 
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3306 
(aa) in economically dis-
tressed areas and areas dispropor-
tionately impacted by pollution; 
and 
(bb) that provide the greatest 
potential to reduce energy costs, 
as well as promote accessibility 
and community implementation 
of demonstrated technologies; 
(III) can be replicated in a vari-
ety of regions and climates; 
(IV) include business commer-
cialization plans that have the poten-
tial for— 
(aa) domestic manufacturing 
and production of wind energy 
technologies; or 
(bb) exports of wind energy 
technologies; and 
(V) are carried out in collabora-
tion with Tribal energy development 
organizations, Indian Tribes, Tribal 
organizations, Native Hawaiian com-
munity-based organizations, minority- 
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3307 
serving institutions, or territories or 
freely associated States; and 
(ii) with regards to professional devel-
opment, activities that expand the number 
of individuals from underrepresented groups 
pursuing and attaining skills relevant to 
wind energy. 
(D) COORDINATION.—To the maximum ex-
tent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate 
activities under the program with other relevant 
programs and capabilities of the Department 
and other Federal research programs. 
(E) USE
OF
FUNDS.—To the extent that 
funding is not otherwise available through other 
Federal programs or power purchase agreements, 
funding awarded for demonstration projects may 
be used for additional nontechnology costs, as de-
termined to be appropriate by the Secretary, 
such as engineering or feasibility studies. 
(F) SOLICITATION.—Not less than once 
every two years, the Secretary shall conduct a 
national solicitation for applications for dem-
onstration projects under this section. 
(G) REPORT.— 
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3308 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the potential for, and 
technical viability of, airborne wind energy 
systems to provide a significant source of 
energy in the United States. 
(ii) CONTENTS.—The report under 
paragraph (1) shall include a summary of 
research, development, demonstration, and 
commercialization needs, including an esti-
mate of Federal funding requirements, to 
further examine and validate the technical 
and economic viability of airborne wind en-
ergy concepts over the 10-year period begin-
ning on the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
(3) WIND
TECHNICIAN
TRAINING
GRANT
PRO-
GRAM.—The Secretary may award grants, on a com-
petitive basis, to eligible entities to purchase large 
pieces of wind component equipment, such as nacelles, 
towers, and blades, for use in training wind techni-
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3309 
cian students in onshore or offshore wind applica-
tions. 
(4) WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RECYCLING RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PRO-
GRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the pro-
gram activities described in paragraph (2), in 
carrying out the program, the Secretary shall 
award financial assistance to eligible entities for 
research, development, and demonstration, and 
commercialization projects to create innovative 
and practical approaches to increase the reuse 
and recycling of wind energy technologies, in-
cluding— 
(i) by increasing the efficiency and cost 
effectiveness of the recovery of raw materials 
from wind energy technology components 
and systems, including enabling tech-
nologies such as inverters; 
(ii) by minimizing potential environ-
mental impacts from the recovery and dis-
posal processes; 
(iii) by advancing technologies and 
processes for the disassembly and recycling 
of wind energy devices; 
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3310 
(iv) by developing alternative mate-
rials, designs, manufacturing processes, and 
other aspects of wind energy technologies 
and the disassembly and resource recovery 
process that enable efficient, cost effective, 
and 
environmentally 
responsible 
dis-
assembly of, and resource recovery from, 
wind energy technologies; and 
(v) strategies to increase consumer ac-
ceptance of, and participation in, the recy-
cling of wind energy technologies. 
(B) DISSEMINATION
OF
RESULTS.—The 
Secretary shall make available to the public and 
the relevant committees of Congress the results of 
the projects carried out through financial assist-
ance awarded under subparagraph (A), includ-
ing— 
(i) development of best practices or 
training materials for use in the wind en-
ergy technology manufacturing, design, in-
stallation, decommissioning, or recycling 
industries; 
(ii) dissemination at industry con-
ferences; 
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(iii) coordination with information 
dissemination programs relating to recy-
cling of electronic devices in general; 
(iv) demonstration projects; and 
(v) educational materials. 
(C) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the activi-
ties authorized under this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall give special consideration to projects 
that recover critical materials. 
(D) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—In carrying 
out the activities authorized under this sub-
section, the Secretary shall ensure proper secu-
rity controls are in place to protect proprietary 
or sensitive information, as appropriate. 
(5) WIND
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
MATERIALS 
PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATABASE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than Sep-
tember 1, 2022, the Secretary shall establish a 
comprehensive physical property database of ma-
terials for use in wind energy technologies, which 
shall identify the type, quantity, country of ori-
gin, source, significant uses, projected avail-
ability, and physical properties of materials used 
in wind energy technologies. 
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3312 
(B) COORDINATION.—In establishing the 
database described in subparagraph (A), the Sec-
retary shall coordinate and, to the extent prac-
ticable, avoid duplication with— 
(i) other Department activities, includ-
ing those carried out by the Office of 
Science; 
(ii) the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology; 
(iii) the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency; 
(iv) the Secretary of the Interior; and 
(v) relevant industry stakeholders, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(6) WIND
ENERGY
PROGRAM
STRATEGIC
VI-
SION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than Sep-
tember 1, 2022, and every 6 years thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on 
the strategic vision, progress, goals, and targets 
of the program, including assessments of wind 
energy markets and manufacturing. 
(B) PREPARATION.—The Secretary shall co-
ordinate the preparation of the report under sub-
paragraph (A) with— 
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3313 
(i) existing peer review processes; 
(ii) studies conducted by the National 
Laboratories; and 
(iii) the multiyear program planning 
required under section 994 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16358). 
(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the program $125,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
SEC. 3004. SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CRITICAL
MATERIAL.—The term ‘‘critical 
material’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
7002 of this Act. 
(2) ECONOMICALLY
DISTRESSED
AREA.—The 
term ‘‘economically distressed area’’ means an area 
described in section 301(a) of the Public Works and 
Economic Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 
3161(a)). 
(3) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti-
ty’’ means— 
(A) an institution of higher education, in-
cluding a minority-serving institution; 
(B) a National Laboratory; 
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3314 
(C) a Federal research agency; 
(D) a State research agency; 
(E) a research agency associated with a ter-
ritory or freely associated state; 
(F) a Tribal energy development organiza-
tion; 
(G) an Indian Tribe; 
(H) a Tribal organization; 
(I) a Native Hawaiian community-based 
organization; 
(J) a nonprofit research organization; 
(K) an industrial entity; 
(L) any other entity, as determined by the 
Secretary; and 
(M) a consortium of 2 or more entities de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) through (L). 
(4) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the In-
dian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(5) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The 
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 101 of the Higher Edu-
cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). 
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3315 
(6) MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term 
‘‘minority-serving institution’’ has the meaning given 
the term ‘‘eligible institution’’ in section 371(a) of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)). 
(7) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given such term 
in section 2(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801(3)). 
(8) NATIVE HAWAIIAN COMMUNITY-BASED ORGA-
NIZATION.—The term ‘‘Native Hawaiian community- 
based organization’’ has the meaning given the term 
in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7517). 
(9) PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICE.—The term ‘‘photo-
voltaic device’’ means— 
(A) a device that converts light directly into 
electricity through a solid-state, semiconductor 
process; 
(B) the photovoltaic cells of a device de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); and 
(C) the electronic and electrical components 
of a device described in subparagraph (A). 
(10) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1)(A). 
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3316 
(11) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(12) SOLAR ENERGY.—The term ‘‘solar energy’’ 
means— 
(A) thermal or electric energy derived from 
radiation from the Sun; or 
(B) energy resulting from a chemical reac-
tion caused by radiation recently originated in 
the Sun. 
(13) 
TERRITORY
OR
FREELY
ASSOCIATED 
STATE.—The term ‘‘territory or freely associated 
state’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘insular area’’ 
in section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103). 
(14) TRIBAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZA-
TION.—The term ‘‘Tribal energy development organi-
zation’’ has the meaning given the term ‘‘tribal en-
ergy development organization’’ in section 2601 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (25 U.S.C. 3501). 
(15) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
organization’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
(b) SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
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3317 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall es-
tablish a program to conduct research, develop-
ment, demonstration, and commercialization of 
solar energy technologies in accordance with this 
subsection. 
(B) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the pro-
gram are the following: 
(i) To improve the energy efficiency, 
cost effectiveness, reliability, resilience, secu-
rity, siting, integration, manufacturability, 
installation, 
decommissioning, 
and 
recyclability of solar energy technologies. 
(ii) To optimize the performance and 
operation of solar energy components, cells, 
and systems, and enabling technologies, in-
cluding through the development of new ma-
terials, hardware, and software. 
(iii) To optimize the design and adapt-
ability of solar energy systems to the broad-
est practical range of geographic and at-
mospheric conditions. 
(iv) To support the integration of solar 
energy technologies with the electric grid 
and complementary energy technologies. 
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3318 
(v) To create and improve the conver-
sion of solar energy to other useful forms of 
energy or other products. 
(vi) To reduce the cost, risk, and other 
potential negative impacts across the life-
span of solar energy technologies, including 
manufacturing, siting, permitting, installa-
tion, operations, maintenance, decommis-
sioning, and recycling. 
(vii) To reduce and mitigate potential 
life cycle negative impacts of solar energy 
technologies on human communities, wild-
life, and wildlife habitats. 
(viii) To address barriers to the com-
mercialization and export of solar energy 
technologies. 
(ix) To support the domestic solar in-
dustry, workforce, and supply chain. 
(C) TARGETS.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall establish targets for the program to 
address near-term (up to 2 years), mid-term (up 
to 7 years), and long-term (up to 15 years) chal-
lenges to the advancement of all types of solar 
energy systems. 
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3319 
(2) ACTIVITIES.— 
(A) TYPES OF ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out 
the program, the Secretary shall carry out re-
search, development, demonstration, and com-
mercialization activities, including— 
(i) awarding grants and awards, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis; 
(ii) performing precompetitive research 
and development; 
(iii) establishing or maintaining dem-
onstration facilities and projects, including 
through stewardship of existing facilities; 
(iv) providing technical assistance; 
(v) entering into contracts and cooper-
ative agreements; 
(vi) providing small business vouchers; 
(vii) establishing prize competitions; 
(viii) conducting education and out-
reach activities; 
(ix) conducting workforce development 
activities; and 
(x) conducting analyses, studies, and 
reports. 
(B) SUBJECT AREAS.—The Secretary shall 
carry out research, development, demonstration, 
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3320 
and commercialization activities in the following 
subject areas: 
(i) Advanced solar energy technologies 
of varying scale and power production, in-
cluding— 
(I) new materials, components, 
designs, 
and 
systems, 
including 
perovskites, cadmium telluride, and or-
ganic materials; 
(II) advanced photovoltaic and 
thin-film devices; 
(III) concentrated solar power; 
(IV) solar heating and cooling; 
and 
(V) enabling technologies for solar 
energy systems, including hardware 
and software. 
(ii) Solar energy technology siting, 
performance, installation, operations, resil-
ience, and security. 
(iii) Integration of solar energy tech-
nologies with— 
(I) the electric grid, including 
transmission, distribution, microgrids, 
and distributed energy systems; 
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(II) other energy technologies, in-
cluding— 
(aa) other generation sources; 
(bb) demand response tech-
nologies; and 
(cc) 
energy 
storage 
tech-
nologies; and 
(III) other applications, such as 
in 
the 
agriculture, 
transportation, 
buildings, industrial, and fuels sectors. 
(iv) Advanced solar energy manufac-
turing technologies and practices, including 
materials, processes, and design. 
(v) Methods to improve the lifetime, 
maintenance, decommissioning, recycling, 
reuse, and sustainability of solar energy 
components and systems, including tech-
nologies and strategies that reduce the use of 
energy, water, critical materials, and other 
commodities that are determined to be vul-
nerable to disruption. 
(vi) Solar energy forecasting, modeling, 
and atmospheric measurement systems, in-
cluding for small-scale, large-scale, and ag-
gregated systems. 
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(vii) Integrated solar energy systems 
that incorporate diverse— 
(I) generation sources; 
(II) loads; and 
(III) storage technologies. 
(viii) Reducing market barriers, in-
cluding nonhardware and information- 
based barriers, to the adoption of solar en-
ergy technologies, including impacts on, or 
challenges relating to— 
(I) distributed and community 
solar technologies, including the devel-
opment of best practices, models, and 
voluntary streamlined processes for 
local siting and permitting of distrib-
uted solar energy systems to reduce 
costs; 
(II) local communities, with spe-
cial consideration given to economi-
cally distressed areas, previously dis-
turbed lands such as landfills and 
former mines, and other areas dis-
proportionately impacted by environ-
mental pollution; 
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3323 
(III) wildlife and wildlife habi-
tats; and 
(IV) any other appropriate mat-
ter, as determined by the Secretary. 
(ix) Transformational technologies for 
harnessing solar energy. 
(x) Other research areas that advance 
the purposes of the program, as determined 
by the Secretary. 
(C) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out ac-
tivities under the program, the Secretary shall, 
to the maximum extent practicable, give priority 
to projects that— 
(i) are located in a geographically di-
verse range of eligible entities; 
(ii) support the development or dem-
onstration of projects— 
(I) in economically distressed 
areas and areas disproportionately im-
pacted by pollution; or 
(II) that provide the greatest po-
tential to reduce energy costs, as well 
as promote accessibility and commu-
nity implementation of demonstrated 
technologies; 
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(iii) can be replicated in a variety of 
regions and climates; 
(iv) include business commercialization 
plans that have the potential for— 
(I) domestic manufacturing and 
production of solar energy technologies; 
or 
(II) exports of solar energy tech-
nologies; 
(v) are carried out in collaboration 
with Tribal energy development organiza-
tions, Indian Tribes, Tribal organizations, 
Native Hawaiian community-based organi-
zations, minority-serving institutions, or 
territories or freely associated States; and 
(vi) with regards to workforce develop-
ment, activities that expand the number of 
individuals from underrepresented groups 
pursuing and attaining skills relevant to 
solar energy. 
(D) COORDINATION.—To the maximum ex-
tent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate 
activities under the program with other relevant 
programs and capabilities of the Department 
and other Federal research programs. 
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3325 
(E) USE
OF
FUNDS.—To the extent that 
funding is not otherwise available through other 
Federal programs or power purchase agreements, 
funding awarded for demonstration projects may 
be used for additional nontechnology costs, as de-
termined to be appropriate by the Secretary, 
such as engineering or feasibility studies. 
(F) SOLICITATION.—Not less than once 
every two years, the Secretary shall conduct a 
national solicitation for applications for dem-
onstration projects under this section. 
(3) ADVANCED SOLAR ENERGY MANUFACTURING 
INITIATIVE.— 
(A) GRANTS.—In addition to the program 
activities described in paragraph (2), in car-
rying out the program, the Secretary shall 
award financial assistance to eligible entities for 
research, development, demonstration, and com-
mercialization projects to advance new solar en-
ergy manufacturing technologies and techniques. 
(B) PRIORITY.—In awarding grants under 
subparagraph (A), to the extent practicable, the 
Secretary shall give priority to solar energy 
manufacturing projects that— 
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(i) increase efficiency and cost effec-
tiveness in— 
(I) the manufacturing process; 
and 
(II) the use of resources, such as 
energy, water, and critical materials; 
(ii) support domestic supply chains for 
materials and components; 
(iii) identify and incorporate nonhaz-
ardous alternative materials for components 
and devices; 
(iv) operate in partnership with Tribal 
energy development organizations, Indian 
Tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawai-
ian community-based organizations, minor-
ity-serving institutions, or territories or 
freely associated states; or 
(v) are located in economically dis-
tressed areas. 
(C) EVALUATION.—Not later than 3 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 
4 years thereafter, the Secretary shall conduct, 
and make available to the public and the rel-
evant committees of Congress, an independent re-
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3327 
view of the progress of the grants awarded under 
subparagraph (A). 
(4) SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RECYCLING RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PRO-
GRAM.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to the pro-
gram activities described in paragraph (2), in 
carrying out the program, the Secretary shall 
award financial assistance to eligible entities for 
research, development, demonstration, and com-
mercialization projects to create innovative and 
practical approaches to increase the reuse and 
recycling of solar energy technologies, includ-
ing— 
(i) by increasing the efficiency and cost 
effectiveness of the recovery of raw materials 
from solar energy technology components 
and systems, including enabling tech-
nologies such as inverters; 
(ii) by minimizing potential environ-
mental impacts from the recovery and dis-
posal processes; 
(iii) by advancing technologies and 
processes for the disassembly and recycling 
of solar energy devices; 
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3328 
(iv) by developing alternative mate-
rials, designs, manufacturing processes, and 
other aspects of solar energy technologies 
and the disassembly and resource recovery 
process that enable efficient, cost effective, 
and 
environmentally 
responsible 
dis-
assembly of, and resource recovery from, 
solar energy technologies; and 
(v) strategies to increase consumer ac-
ceptance of, and participation in, the recy-
cling of photovoltaic devices. 
(B) DISSEMINATION
OF
RESULTS.—The 
Secretary shall make available to the public and 
the relevant committees of Congress the results of 
the projects carried out through financial assist-
ance awarded under subparagraph (A), includ-
ing— 
(i) development of best practices or 
training 
materials 
for 
use 
in 
the 
photovoltaics manufacturing, design, instal-
lation, refurbishing, disposal, or recycling 
industries; 
(ii) dissemination at industry con-
ferences; 
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(iii) coordination with information 
dissemination programs relating to recy-
cling of electronic devices in general; 
(iv) demonstration projects; and 
(v) educational materials. 
(C) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the activi-
ties authorized under this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall give special consideration to projects 
that recover critical materials. 
(D) SENSITIVE INFORMATION.—In carrying 
out the activities authorized under this sub-
section, the Secretary shall ensure proper secu-
rity controls are in place to protect proprietary 
or sensitive information, as appropriate. 
(5) SOLAR
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
MATERIALS 
PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATABASE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than Sep-
tember 1, 2022, the Secretary shall establish a 
comprehensive physical property database of ma-
terials for use in solar energy technologies, which 
shall identify the type, quantity, country of ori-
gin, source, significant uses, projected avail-
ability, and physical properties of materials used 
in solar energy technologies. 
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3330 
(B) COORDINATION.—In establishing the 
database described in subparagraph (A), the Sec-
retary shall coordinate with— 
(i) other Department activities, includ-
ing those carried out by the Office of 
Science; 
(ii) the Director of the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology; 
(iii) the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency; 
(iv) the Secretary of the Interior; and 
(v) relevant industry stakeholders, as 
determined by the Secretary. 
(6) SOLAR
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAM 
STRATEGIC VISION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than Sep-
tember 1, 2022, and every 6 years thereafter, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on 
the strategic vision, progress, goals, and targets 
of the program, including assessments of solar 
energy markets and manufacturing. 
(B) INCLUSION.—As a part of the report de-
scribed in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
include a study that examines the viable market 
opportunities available for solar energy tech-
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3331 
nology manufacturing in the United States, in-
cluding— 
(i) a description of— 
(I) the ability to competitively 
manufacture solar technology in the 
United States, including the manufac-
ture of— 
(aa) new and advanced ma-
terials, such as cells made with 
new, high efficiency materials; 
(bb) solar module equipment 
and enabling technologies, includ-
ing smart inverters, sensors, and 
tracking equipment; and 
(cc) innovative solar module 
designs and applications, includ-
ing those that can directly inte-
grate with new and existing 
buildings and other infrastruc-
ture; and 
(II) opportunities and barriers 
within the United States and inter-
national solar energy technology mar-
ket; 
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3332 
(ii) policy recommendations for en-
hancing solar energy technology manufac-
turing in the United States; 
(iii) a 10-year target and plan to en-
hance the competitiveness of solar energy 
technology manufacturing in the United 
States; and 
(iv) any other research areas as deter-
mined by the Secretary. 
(C) PREPARATION.—The Secretary shall co-
ordinate the preparation of the report under sub-
paragraph (A) with— 
(i) existing peer review processes; 
(ii) studies conducted by the National 
Laboratories; and 
(iii) the multiyear program planning 
required under section 994 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16358). 
(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out the program $300,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
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3333 
SEC. 3005. HYDROELECTRIC PRODUCTION INCENTIVES AND 
EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS. 
(a) HYDROELECTRIC PRODUCTION INCENTIVES.—Sec-
tion 242 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
15881) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) QUALIFIED
HYDROELECTRIC
FACILITY.— 
The term ‘qualified hydroelectric facility’ means a 
turbine or other generating device owned or solely op-
erated by a non-Federal entity— 
‘‘(A) that generates hydroelectric energy for 
sale; and 
‘‘(B)(i) that is added to an existing dam or 
conduit; or 
‘‘(ii)(I) that has a generating capacity of 
not more than 20 megawatts; 
‘‘(II) for which the non-Federal entity has 
received a construction authorization from the 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, if ap-
plicable; and 
‘‘(III) that is constructed in an area in 
which there is inadequate electric service, as de-
termined by the Secretary, including by taking 
into consideration— 
‘‘(aa) access to the electric grid; 
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3334 
‘‘(bb) the frequency of electric outages; 
or 
‘‘(cc) the affordability of electricity.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘10’’ and in-
serting ‘‘22’’; 
(3) in subsection (e)(2), by striking ‘‘section 
29(d)(2)(B)’’ and inserting ‘‘section 45K(d)(2)(B)’’; 
(4) in subsection (f), by striking ‘‘20’’ and in-
serting ‘‘32’’; and 
(5) in subsection (g), by striking ‘‘each of the fis-
cal years 2006 through 2015’’ and inserting ‘‘each of 
fiscal years 2021 through 2036’’. 
(b) HYDROELECTRIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT.— 
Section 243(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
15882(c)) is amended by striking ‘‘each of the fiscal years 
2006 through 2015’’ and inserting ‘‘each of fiscal years 
2021 through 2036’’. 
SEC. 3006. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. 
(a) RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY 
TECHNOLOGY COMPETITIVENESS ACT OF 1989.— 
(1) NATIONAL
GOALS
AND
MULTI-YEAR
FUND-
ING.—Section 4 of the Renewable Energy and Energy 
Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of 1989 
(42 U.S.C. 12003) is amended— 
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(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘WIND, 
PHOTOVOLTAICS, 
AND
SOLAR 
THERMAL’’ and inserting ‘‘ALCOHOL
FROM 
BIOMASS AND OTHER TECHNOLOGY’’; 
(B) in subsection (a)— 
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph 
(1), by striking ‘‘wind, photovoltaics, and 
solar thermal energy’’ and inserting ‘‘alco-
hol from biomass and other energy tech-
nology’’; 
(ii) by striking paragraphs (1) through 
(3); 
(iii) by redesignating paragraphs (4) 
and (5) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respec-
tively; and 
(iv) in paragraph (2) (as so redesig-
nated), by striking ‘‘Ocean’’ and inserting 
‘‘Marine’’; and 
(C) in subsection (c)— 
(i) in the matter preceding paragraph 
(1)— 
(I) by striking ‘‘the Wind Energy 
Research Program, the Photovoltaic 
Energy Systems Program, the Solar 
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3336 
Thermal Energy Systems Program,’’; 
and 
(II) by striking ‘‘Ocean’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Marine’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (1)— 
(I) by striking subparagraph (A); 
and 
(II) by redesignating subpara-
graphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs 
(A) and (B), respectively; and 
(iii) in paragraph (2)— 
(I) by striking subparagraph (A); 
and 
(II) by redesignating subpara-
graphs (B) and (C) as subparagraphs 
(A) and (B), respectively. 
(2) REPORTS.—Section 9(c) of the Renewable 
Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Competi-
tiveness Act of 1989 (42 U.S.C. 12006(c)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘ocean,’’ and inserting ‘‘marine,’’. 
(b) ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005.—The Energy Pol-
icy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) ASSESSMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RE-
SOURCES.—Section 201(a) of the Energy Policy Act 
of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15851(a)) is amended by striking 
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3337 
‘‘ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and thermal)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘marine’’. 
(2) FEDERAL
PURCHASE
REQUIREMENT.—Sec-
tion 203(b)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15852(b)(2)) is amended— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘marine energy (as defined 
in section 632 of the Energy Independence and 
Security Act of 2007), or’’ before ‘‘electric en-
ergy’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘ocean (including tidal, 
wave, current, and thermal),’’. 
(3) RENEWABLE ENERGY.—Section 931 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16231) is 
amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(2)— 
(i) by striking subparagraphs (A) and 
(B); 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs 
(C) through (E) as subparagraphs (A) 
through (C), respectively; and 
(iii) in subparagraph (C)(i) (as so re-
designated), by striking ‘‘ocean energy, in-
cluding wave energy’’ and inserting ‘‘ma-
rine energy (as defined in section 632 of the 
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3338 
Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007)’’; 
(B) by striking subsection (d); and 
(C) by redesignating subsections (e) through 
(g) as subsections (d) through (f), respectively. 
(c) ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 1992.—Section 1212 of 
the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13317) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a)(4)(A)(i), by striking ‘‘ocean 
(including tidal, wave, current, and thermal)’’ and 
inserting ‘‘marine energy (as defined in section 632 
of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 
2007)’’; 
(2) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘ocean (including tidal, 
wave, current, and thermal)’’ and inserting ‘‘marine 
energy (as defined in section 632 of the Energy Inde-
pendence and Security Act of 2007)’’; and 
(3) in subsection (e)(1), in the first sentence, by 
striking ‘‘ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and 
thermal)’’ and inserting ‘‘marine energy (as defined 
in section 632 of the Energy Independence and Secu-
rity Act of 2007)’’. 
(d) FEDERAL NONNUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1974.—Section 6(b)(3) of the Fed-
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eral Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5905(b)(3)) is amended— 
(1) by striking subparagraph (L); and 
(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (M) through 
(S) as subparagraphs (L) through (R), respectively. 
(e) SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND 
DEMONSTRATION ACT OF 1974.— 
(1) REPEAL.—The Solar Energy Research, De-
velopment, and Demonstration Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 
5551 et seq.) is repealed. 
(2) SAVINGS PROVISION.—The repeal of the Solar 
Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration 
Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5551 et seq.) under paragraph 
(1) shall not affect the authority of the Secretary of 
Energy to conduct research and development on solar 
energy. 
(f) SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY RESEARCH, DE-
VELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION ACT
OF 1978.—The 
Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and 
Demonstration Act of 1978 (42 U.S.C. 5581 et seq.) is re-
pealed. 
(g) ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 
2007.— 
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3340 
(1) REPEALS.—Sections 606 and 607 of the En-
ergy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17174, 17175) are repealed. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents in section 1(b) of the Energy Independence 
and Security Act of 2007 (Public Law 110–140; 121 
Stat. 1495) is amended by striking the items relating 
to sections 606 and 607. 
Subtitle B—Natural Resources 
Provisions 
SEC. 3101. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) COVERED LAND.—The term ‘‘covered land’’ 
means land that is— 
(A) Federal lands administered by the Sec-
retary concerned; and 
(B) not excluded from the development of 
geothermal, solar, or wind energy under— 
(i) a land use plan; or 
(ii) other Federal law. 
(2) FEDERAL LAND.—The term ‘‘Federal land’’ 
means— 
(A) public land as defined by section 103 of 
the Federal Land Policy Management Act of 
1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702); or 
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3341 
(B) land of the National Forest System (as 
defined in section 11(a) of the Forest and Range-
land Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 
(16 U.S.C. 1609(a))). 
(3) LAND USE PLAN.—The term ‘‘land use plan’’ 
means— 
(A) for public land, a land use plan estab-
lished under the Federal Land Policy and Man-
agement Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); 
and 
(B) for National Forest System land, a land 
management plan approved, amended, or revised 
under section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Re-
newable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 
U.S.C. 1604). 
(4) ELIGIBLE
PROJECT.—The term ‘‘eligible 
project’’ means a project carried out on covered land 
that uses wind, solar, or geothermal energy to gen-
erate energy. 
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of the Interior. 
SEC. 3102. PROGRAM TO IMPROVE ELIGIBLE PROJECT PER-
MIT COORDINATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a 
national Renewable Energy Coordination Office and State, 
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district, or field offices, as appropriate, with responsibility 
to establish and implement a program to improve Federal 
permit coordination with respect to eligible projects on cov-
ered land and such other activities as the Secretary deter-
mines necessary. In carrying out the program, the Sec-
retary may temporarily assign qualified staff to Renewable 
Energy Coordination Offices to expedite the permitting of 
eligible projects. 
(b) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall enter into a memorandum of understanding for 
purposes of this section with— 
(A) the Secretary of Agriculture; 
(B) the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency; and 
(C) the Secretary of Defense. 
(2) STATE
AND
TRIBAL
PARTICIPATION.—The 
Secretary may request the Governor of any interested 
State or any Tribal leader of any interested Indian 
Tribe (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-De-
termination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
5304)) to be a signatory to the memorandum of un-
derstanding under paragraph (1). 
(c) DESIGNATION OF QUALIFIED STAFF.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after 
the date on which the memorandum of understanding 
under subsection (b) is executed, all Federal signato-
ries, as appropriate, shall identify for each of the Bu-
reau of Land Management Renewable Energy Coordi-
nation Offices one or more employees who have exper-
tise in the regulatory issues relating to the office in 
which the employee is employed, including, as appli-
cable, particular expertise in— 
(A) consultation regarding, and prepara-
tion of, biological opinions under section 7 of the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
1536); 
(B) permits under section 404 of the Fed-
eral Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 
1344); 
(C) regulatory matters under the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.); 
(D) the Federal Land Policy and Manage-
ment Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); 
(E) the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 
U.S.C. 703 et seq.); 
(F) the preparation of analyses under the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); 
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(G) implementation of the requirements of 
section 306108 of title 54, United States Code 
(formerly known as section 106 of the National 
Historic Preservation Act); 
(H) planning under section 14 of the Na-
tional Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 
U.S.C. 472a); 
(I) developing geothermal resources under 
the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (30 U.S.C. 
1001 et seq.); 
(J) the Act of June 8, 1940 (16 U.S.C. 668 
et seq., popularly known as the Bald and Golden 
Eagle Protection Act); and 
(K) section 100101(a), chapter 1003, and 
sections 100751(a), 100752, 100753 and 102101 
of title 54, United States Code (previously known 
as the National Park Service Organic Act). 
(2) DUTIES.—Each employee assigned under 
paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) be responsible for addressing all issues 
relating to the jurisdiction of the home office or 
agency of the employee; and 
(B) participate as part of the team of per-
sonnel working on proposed energy projects, 
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planning, monitoring, inspection, enforcement, 
and environmental analyses. 
(d) ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL.—The Secretary may as-
sign such additional personnel for the Bureau of Land 
Management Renewable Energy Coordination Offices as are 
necessary to ensure the effective implementation of any pro-
grams administered by the offices in accordance with the 
multiple use mandate of the Federal Land Policy and Man-
agement Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). 
(e) TRANSFER OF FUNDS.—To facilitate the coordina-
tion and processing of eligible project permits on Federal 
land under the Renewable Energy Coordination Offices, the 
Secretary may authorize the expenditure or transfer of any 
funds that are necessary to— 
(1) the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; 
(2) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; 
(3) the Forest Service; 
(4) the Corps of Engineers; 
(5) the National Park Service; 
(6) the Environmental Protection Agency; or 
(7) the Department of Defense. 
(f) REPORT TO CONGRESS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than February 1 of 
the first fiscal year beginning after the date of the en-
actment of this Act, and each February 1 thereafter, 
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the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources and the Committee on 
Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report describing the progress made 
under the program established under subsection (a) 
during the preceding year. 
(2) INCLUSIONS.—Each report under this sub-
section shall include— 
(A) projections for renewable energy produc-
tion and capacity installations; and 
(B) a description of any problems relating 
to leasing, permitting, siting, or production. 
SEC. 3103. INCREASING ECONOMIC CERTAINTY. 
(a) CONSIDERATIONS.—The Secretary may consider 
acreage rental rates, capacity fees, and other recurring an-
nual fees in total when evaluating existing rates paid for 
the use of Federal land by eligible projects. 
(b) REDUCTIONS IN BASE RENTAL RATES.—The Sec-
retary may reduce acreage rental rates and capacity fees, 
or both, for existing and new wind and solar authorizations 
if the Secretary determines— 
(1) that the existing rates— 
(A) exceed fair market value; 
(B) impose economic hardships; 
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(C) limit commercial interest in a competi-
tive lease sale or right-of-way grant; or 
(D) are not competitively priced compared 
to other available land; or 
(2) that a reduced rental rate or capacity fee is 
necessary to promote the greatest use of wind and 
solar energy resources. 
SEC. 3104. NATIONAL GOAL FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY PRO-
DUCTION ON FEDERAL LAND. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than September 1, 2022, 
the Secretary shall, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Agriculture and other heads of relevant Federal agencies, 
establish national goals for renewable energy production on 
Federal land. 
(b) MINIMUM PRODUCTION GOAL.—The Secretary 
shall seek to issue permits that, in total, authorize produc-
tion of not less than 25 gigawatts of electricity from wind, 
solar, and geothermal energy projects by not later than 
2025, through management of public lands and administra-
tion of Federal laws. 
SEC. 3105. FACILITATION OF COPRODUCTION OF GEO-
THERMAL ENERGY ON OIL AND GAS LEASES. 
Section 4(b) of the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 (30 
U.S.C. 1003(b)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(4) LAND SUBJECT TO OIL AND GAS LEASE.— 
Land under an oil and gas lease issued pursuant to 
the Mineral Leasing Act (30 U.S.C. 181 et seq.) or the 
Mineral Leasing Act for Acquired Lands (30 U.S.C. 
351 et seq.) that is subject to an approved application 
for permit to drill and from which oil and gas pro-
duction is occurring may be available for noncompeti-
tive leasing under subsection (c) by the holder of the 
oil and gas lease— 
‘‘(A) on a determination that geothermal 
energy will be produced from a well producing 
or capable of producing oil and gas; and 
‘‘(B) to provide for the coproduction of geo-
thermal energy with oil and gas.’’. 
SEC. 3106. SAVINGS CLAUSE. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, 
the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agri-
culture shall continue to manage public lands under the 
principles of multiple use and sustained yield in accordance 
with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 
(43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) or the Forest and Rangeland Re-
newable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1600 
et seq.), respectively, including for due consideration of 
mineral and nonrenewable energy-related projects and other 
nonrenewable energy uses, for the purposes of land use plan-
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ning, permit processing, and conducting environmental re-
views. 
Subtitle C—Energy Storage 
SEC. 3201. BETTER ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘en-
ergy storage system’’ means any system, equipment, 
facility, or technology that— 
(A) is capable of absorbing or converting 
energy, storing the energy for a period of time, 
and dispatching the energy; and 
(B)(i) uses mechanical, electrochemical, 
thermal, electrolysis, or other processes to convert 
and store electric energy that was generated at 
an earlier time for use at a later time; 
(ii) uses mechanical, electrochemical, bio-
chemical, or thermal processes to convert and 
store energy generated from mechanical processes 
that would otherwise be wasted, for delivery at a 
later time; or 
(iii) stores energy in an electric, thermal, or 
gaseous state for direct use for heating or cooling 
at a later time in a manner that avoids the need 
to use electricity or other fuel sources at that 
later time, such as a grid-enabled water heater. 
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(2) PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘program’’ means the 
Energy Storage System Research, Development, and 
Deployment Program established under subsection 
(b)(1). 
(3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(b) ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM RESEARCH, DEVELOP-
MENT, AND DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall establish a program, to be known as the Energy 
Storage System Research, Development, and Deploy-
ment Program. 
(2) INITIAL
PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES.—The pro-
gram shall focus on research, development, and de-
ployment of— 
(A) energy storage systems, components, 
and materials designed to further the develop-
ment of technologies— 
(i) for large-scale commercial deploy-
ment; 
(ii) for deployment at cost targets es-
tablished by the Secretary; 
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(iii) for hourly and subhourly dura-
tions required to provide reliability services 
to the grid; 
(iv) for daily durations, which have 
the capacity to discharge energy for a min-
imum of 6 hours; 
(v) for weekly or monthly durations, 
which have the capacity to discharge energy 
for 10 to 100 hours, at a minimum; and 
(vi) for seasonal durations, which have 
the capability to address seasonal variations 
in supply and demand; 
(B) distributed energy storage technologies 
and applications, including building-grid inte-
gration; 
(C) long-term cost, performance, and dem-
onstration targets for different types of energy 
storage systems and for use in a variety of re-
gions, including rural areas; 
(D) transportation energy storage tech-
nologies and applications, including vehicle-grid 
integration; 
(E) cost-effective systems and methods for— 
(i) the sustainable and secure sourcing, 
reclamation, recycling, and disposal of en-
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ergy storage systems, including critical 
minerals; and 
(ii) the reuse and repurposing of en-
ergy storage system technologies; 
(F) advanced control methods for energy 
storage systems; 
(G) pumped hydroelectric energy storage 
systems to advance— 
(i) adoption of innovative technologies, 
including— 
(I) systems with adjustable-speed 
and other new pumping and gener-
ating equipment designs; 
(II) modular systems; 
(III) closed-loop systems, includ-
ing mines and quarries; and 
(IV) other innovative equipment 
and materials as determined by the 
Secretary; and 
(ii) reductions of civil works costs and 
construction times for hydropower and 
pumped storage systems, including com-
prehensive data and systems analysis of hy-
dropower and pumped storage construction 
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technologies and processes in order to iden-
tify areas for whole-system efficiency gains; 
(H) models and tools to demonstrate the 
costs and benefits of energy storage to— 
(i) power and water supply systems; 
(ii) electric generation portfolio opti-
mization; and 
(iii) expanded deployment of other re-
newable energy technologies, including in 
integrated energy storage systems; 
(I) energy storage use cases from individual 
and combination technology applications, in-
cluding value from various-use cases and energy 
storage services; and 
(J) advanced manufacturing technologies 
that have the potential to improve United States 
competitiveness in energy storage manufacturing 
or reduce United States dependence on critical 
materials. 
(3) TESTING AND VALIDATION.—In coordination 
with 1 or more National Laboratories, the Secretary 
shall support the development, standardized testing, 
and validation of energy storage systems under the 
program, including test-bed and field trials, by devel-
oping testing and evaluation methodologies for— 
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(A) storage technologies, controls, and power 
electronics for energy storage systems under a 
variety of operating conditions; 
(B) standardized and grid performance test-
ing for energy storage systems, materials, and 
technologies during each stage of development; 
(C) reliability, safety, degradation, and du-
rability testing under standard and evolving 
duty cycles; and 
(D) accelerated life testing protocols to pre-
dict estimated lifetime metrics with accuracy. 
(4) PERIODIC EVALUATION OF PROGRAM OBJEC-
TIVES.—Not less frequently than once every calendar 
year, the Secretary shall evaluate and, if necessary, 
update the program objectives to ensure that the pro-
gram continues to advance energy storage systems to-
ward widespread commercial deployment by lowering 
the costs and increasing the duration of energy stor-
age resources. 
(5) ENERGY STORAGE STRATEGIC PLAN.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall de-
velop a 10-year strategic plan for the program, 
and update the plan, in accordance with this 
paragraph. 
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(B) CONTENTS.—The strategic plan devel-
oped under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) be coordinated with and integrated 
across other relevant offices in the Depart-
ment; 
(ii) to the extent practicable, include 
metrics that can be used to evaluate storage 
technologies; 
(iii) identify Department programs 
that— 
(I) support the research and devel-
opment activities described in para-
graph (2) and the demonstration 
projects under subsection (c); and 
(II)(aa) do not support the activi-
ties or projects described in subclause 
(I); but 
(bb) are important to the develop-
ment of energy storage systems and the 
mission of the Department, as deter-
mined by the Secretary; 
(iv) include expected timelines for— 
(I) the accomplishment of relevant 
objectives under current programs of 
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the Department relating to energy stor-
age systems; and 
(II) the commencement of any 
new initiatives within the Department 
relating to energy storage systems to 
accomplish those objectives; and 
(v) incorporate relevant activities de-
scribed in the Grid Modernization Initiative 
Multi-Year Program Plan. 
(C) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committees on Energy and Commerce 
and Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives the strategic plan developed 
under subparagraph (A). 
(D) UPDATES TO PLAN.—The Secretary— 
(i) shall annually review the strategic 
plan developed under subparagraph (A); 
and 
(ii) may periodically revise the stra-
tegic plan as appropriate. 
(6) LEVERAGING OF RESOURCES.—The program 
may be led by a specific office of the Department, but 
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shall be cross-cutting in nature, so that in carrying 
out activities under the program, the Secretary (or a 
designee of the Secretary charged with leading the 
program) shall leverage existing Federal resources, in-
cluding, at a minimum, the expertise and resources 
of— 
(A) the Office of Electricity; 
(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Re-
newable Energy, including the Water Power 
Technologies Office; and 
(C) the Office of Science, including— 
(i) the Basic Energy Sciences Pro-
gram; 
(ii) the Advanced Scientific Computing 
Research Program; 
(iii) the Biological and Environmental 
Research Program; and 
(D) the Electricity Storage Research Initia-
tive established under section 975 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315). 
(7) PROTECTING
PRIVACY
AND
SECURITY.—In 
carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall iden-
tify, incorporate, and follow best practices for pro-
tecting the privacy of individuals and businesses and 
the respective sensitive data of the individuals and 
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businesses, including by managing privacy risk and 
implementing the Fair Information Practice Prin-
ciples of the Federal Trade Commission for the collec-
tion, use, disclosure, and retention of individual elec-
tric consumer information in accordance with the Of-
fice of Management and Budget Circular A–130 (or 
successor circulars). 
(c) ENERGY STORAGE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; 
PILOT GRANT PROGRAM.— 
(1) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.—Not later than 
September 30, 2023, the Secretary shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable, enter into agreements to 
carry out 3 energy storage system demonstration 
projects, including at least 1 energy storage system 
demonstration project designed to further the develop-
ment of technologies described in clause (v) or (vi) of 
subsection (b)(2)(A). 
(2) ENERGY STORAGE PILOT GRANT PROGRAM.— 
(A) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In 
this paragraph, the term ‘‘eligible entity’’ 
means— 
(i) a State energy office (as defined in 
section 124(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 15821(a))); 
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(ii) an Indian Tribe (as defined in sec-
tion 4 of the Native American Housing As-
sistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 
(25 U.S.C. 4103); 
(iii) a Tribal organization (as defined 
in section 3765 of title 38, United States 
Code); 
(iv) an institution of higher education 
(as defined in section 101 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); 
(v) an electric utility, including— 
(I) an electric cooperative; 
(II) a political subdivision of a 
State, such as a municipally owned 
electric utility, or any agency, author-
ity, corporation, or instrumentality of 
a State political subdivision; and 
(III) an investor-owned utility; 
and 
(vi) a private energy storage company. 
(B) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall 
establish a competitive grant program under 
which the Secretary shall award grants to eligi-
ble entities to carry out demonstration projects 
for pilot energy storage systems. 
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(C) SELECTION REQUIREMENTS.—In select-
ing eligible entities to receive a grant under sub-
paragraph (B), the Secretary shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable— 
(i) ensure regional diversity among eli-
gible entities awarded grants, including en-
suring participation of eligible entities that 
are rural States and States with high en-
ergy costs; 
(ii) ensure that grants are awarded for 
demonstration projects that— 
(I) expand on the existing tech-
nology demonstration programs of the 
Department; 
(II) are designed to achieve 1 or 
more of the objectives described in sub-
paragraph (D); and 
(III) inject or withdraw energy 
from the bulk power system, electric 
distribution system, building energy 
system, or microgrid (grid-connected or 
islanded mode) where the project is lo-
cated; 
(iii) give consideration to proposals 
from eligible entities for securing energy 
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storage through competitive procurement or 
contract for service; and 
(iv) prioritize projects that leverage 
matching funds from non-Federal sources. 
(D) 
OBJECTIVES.—Each 
demonstration 
project carried out by a grant awarded under 
subparagraph (B) shall have 1 or more of the fol-
lowing objectives: 
(i) To improve the security of critical 
infrastructure and emergency response sys-
tems. 
(ii) To improve the reliability of trans-
mission and distribution systems, particu-
larly in rural areas, including high-energy 
cost rural areas. 
(iii) To optimize transmission or dis-
tribution system operation and power qual-
ity to defer or avoid costs of replacing or 
upgrading electric grid infrastructure, in-
cluding transformers and substations. 
(iv) To supply energy at peak periods 
of demand on the electric grid or during pe-
riods of significant variation of electric grid 
supply. 
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(v) To reduce peak loads of homes and 
businesses. 
(vi) To improve and advance power 
conversion systems. 
(vii) To provide ancillary services for 
grid stability and management. 
(viii) To integrate renewable energy re-
source production. 
(ix) To increase the feasibility of 
microgrids 
(grid-connected 
or 
islanded 
mode). 
(x) To enable the use of stored energy 
in forms other than electricity to support 
the natural gas system and other industrial 
processes. 
(xi) To integrate fast charging of elec-
tric vehicles. 
(xii) To improve energy efficiency. 
(3) REPORTS.—Not less frequently than once 
every 3 years for the duration of the programs under 
paragraphs (1) and (2), the Secretary shall submit to 
Congress and make publicly available a report de-
scribing the performance of those programs. 
(4) NO
PROJECT
OWNERSHIP
INTEREST.—The 
Federal Government shall not hold any equity or 
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other ownership interest in any energy storage system 
that is part of a project under this subsection unless 
the holding is agreed to by each participant of the 
project. 
(d) LONG-DURATION DEMONSTRATION INITIATIVE AND 
JOINT PROGRAM.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘Initiative’’ 
means the demonstration initiative established 
under paragraph (2). 
(B) JOINT
PROGRAM.—The term ‘‘Joint 
Program’’ means the joint program established 
under paragraph (4). 
(2) ESTABLISHMENT OF INITIATIVE.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall establish a demonstration initia-
tive composed of demonstration projects focused on the 
development of long-duration energy storage tech-
nologies. 
(3) SELECTION OF PROJECTS.—To the maximum 
extent practicable, in selecting demonstration projects 
to participate in the Initiative, the Secretary shall— 
(A) ensure a range of technology types; 
(B) 
ensure 
regional 
diversity 
among 
projects; and 
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(C) consider bulk power level, distribution 
power 
level, 
behind-the-meter, 
microgrid 
(gridconnected or islanded mode), and off-grid 
applications. 
(4) JOINT PROGRAM.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—As part of the Ini-
tiative, the Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense, shall establish within the 
Department a joint program to carry out 
projects— 
(i) to demonstrate promising long-du-
ration energy storage technologies at dif-
ferent scales; and 
(ii) to help new, innovative long-dura-
tion energy storage technologies become com-
mercially viable. 
(B) MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING.— 
Not later than 200 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into 
a memorandum of understanding with the Sec-
retary of Defense to administer the Joint Pro-
gram. 
(C) INFRASTRUCTURE.—In carrying out the 
Joint Program, the Secretary and the Secretary 
of Defense shall— 
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(i) use existing test-bed infrastructure 
at— 
(I) Department facilities; and 
(II) Department of Defense instal-
lations; and 
(ii) develop new infrastructure for 
identified projects, if appropriate. 
(D) GOALS AND METRICS.—The Secretary 
and the Secretary of Defense shall develop goals 
and metrics for technological progress under the 
Joint Program consistent with energy resilience 
and energy security policies. 
(E) SELECTION OF PROJECTS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—To the maximum ex-
tent practicable, in selecting projects to par-
ticipate in the Joint Program, the Secretary 
and the Secretary of Defense shall— 
(I) ensure that projects are car-
ried out under conditions that rep-
resent a variety of environments with 
different physical conditions and mar-
ket constraints; and 
(II) ensure an appropriate bal-
ance of— 
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(aa) 
larger, 
higher-cost 
projects; and 
(bb) 
smaller, 
lower-cost 
projects. 
(ii) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the 
Joint Program, the Secretary and the Sec-
retary of Defense shall give priority to dem-
onstration projects that— 
(I) make available to the public 
project information that will accelerate 
deployment of long-duration energy 
storage technologies; and 
(II) will be carried out in the 
field. 
(e) CRITICAL MATERIAL RECYCLING AND REUSE RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, 
AND
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.—The United States Energy Storage Competitiveness 
Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231) is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘(q) CRITICAL MATERIAL RECYCLING AND REUSE RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, 
AND
DEMONSTRATION
PRO-
GRAM.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
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‘‘(A) CRITICAL MATERIAL.—The term ‘crit-
ical material’ has the meaning given the term in 
7002 of the Energy Act of 2020. 
‘‘(B) CRITICAL MATERIAL RECYCLING.—The 
term ‘critical material recycling’ means the sepa-
ration and recovery of critical materials embed-
ded within an energy storage system through 
physical or chemical means for the purpose of 
reuse of those critical materials in other tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall establish a research, development, and 
demonstration program for critical material recycling 
and reuse of energy storage systems containing crit-
ical materials. 
‘‘(3) RESEARCH, 
DEVELOPMENT, 
AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION.—In carrying out the program estab-
lished under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall con-
duct— 
‘‘(A) research, development, and demonstra-
tion activities for— 
‘‘(i) 
technologies, 
process 
improve-
ments, and design optimizations that facili-
tate and promote critical material recycling 
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of energy storage systems, including separa-
tion and sorting of component materials of 
such systems, and extraction, recovery, and 
reuse of critical materials from such sys-
tems; 
‘‘(ii) technologies and methods that 
mitigate emissions and environmental im-
pacts that arise from critical material recy-
cling, including disposal of toxic reagents 
and byproducts related to critical material 
recycling processes; 
‘‘(iii) technologies to enable extraction, 
recovery, and reuse of energy storage sys-
tems from electric vehicles and critical ma-
terial recycling from such vehicles; and 
‘‘(iv) technologies and methods to en-
able the safe transport, storage, and dis-
posal of energy storage systems containing 
critical materials, including waste mate-
rials and components recovered during the 
critical material recycling process; and 
‘‘(B) research on nontechnical barriers to 
improve the collection and critical material recy-
cling of energy storage systems, including strate-
gies to improve consumer education of, accept-
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ance of, and participation in, the critical mate-
rial recycling of energy storage systems. 
‘‘(4) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 2 
years after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology and the Committee on Energy and Commerce 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report 
summarizing the activities, findings, and progress of 
the program.’’. 
(f) COORDINATION.—To the maximum extent prac-
ticable, the Secretary shall coordinate the activities under 
this section (including activities conducted pursuant to the 
amendments made by this section) among the offices and 
employees of the Department, other Federal agencies, and 
other relevant entities— 
(1) to ensure appropriate collaboration; 
(2) to avoid unnecessary duplication of those ac-
tivities; and 
(3) to increase domestic manufacturing and pro-
duction of energy storage systems, such as those with-
in the Department and within the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology. 
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(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated— 
(1) to carry out subsection (b), $100,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, to remain 
available until expended; 
(2) to carry out subsection (c), $71,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, to remain 
available until expended; and 
(3) to carry out subsection (d), $30,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, to remain 
available until expended. 
SEC. 
3202. 
ENERGY 
STORAGE 
TECHNOLOGY 
AND 
MICROGRID ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti-
ty’’ means— 
(A) a rural electric cooperative; 
(B) an agency, authority, or instrumen-
tality of a State or political subdivision of a 
State that sells or otherwise uses electrical energy 
to provide electric services for customers; or 
(C) a nonprofit organization working with 
at least 6 entities described in subparagraph (A) 
or (B). 
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(2) ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY.—The term 
‘‘energy storage technology’’ includes grid-enabled 
water heaters, building heating or cooling systems, 
electric vehicles, the production of hydrogen for trans-
portation or industrial use, or other technologies that 
store energy. 
(3) MICROGRID.—The term ‘‘microgrid’’ means a 
localized grid that operates autonomously regardless 
of whether the grid can operate in connection with 
another grid. 
(4) RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SOURCE.—The term 
‘‘renewable energy source’’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 609(a) of the Public Utility Regu-
latory Policies Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 918c(a)). 
(5) RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE.—The term 
‘‘rural electric cooperative’’ means an electric coopera-
tive (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Power Act 
(16 U.S.C. 796)) that sells electric energy to persons 
in rural areas. 
(6) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall estab-
lish a program under which the Secretary shall— 
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(1) provide grants to eligible entities under sub-
section (d); 
(2) provide technical assistance to eligible enti-
ties under subsection (e); and 
(3) disseminate information to eligible entities 
on— 
(A) the activities described in subsections 
(d)(1) and (e); and 
(B) potential and existing energy storage 
technology and microgrid projects. 
(c) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT.—The Secretary may 
enter into a cooperative agreement with an eligible entity 
to carry out subsection (b). 
(d) GRANTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary may award 
grants to eligible entities for identifying, evaluating, 
designing, and demonstrating energy storage tech-
nology and microgrid projects that utilize energy 
from renewable energy sources. 
(2) APPLICATION.—To be eligible to receive a 
grant under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall 
submit to the Secretary an application at such time, 
in such manner, and containing such information as 
the Secretary may require. 
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(3) USE OF GRANT.—An eligible entity that re-
ceives a grant under paragraph (1)— 
(A) shall use the grant— 
(i) to conduct feasibility studies to as-
sess the potential for implementation or im-
provement of energy storage technology or 
microgrid projects; 
(ii) to analyze and implement strate-
gies to overcome barriers to energy storage 
technology or microgrid project implementa-
tion, 
including 
financial, 
contracting, 
siting, and permitting barriers; 
(iii) to conduct detailed engineering of 
energy storage technology or microgrid 
projects; 
(iv) to perform a cost-benefit analysis 
with respect to an energy storage technology 
or microgrid project; 
(v) to plan for both the short- and 
long-term inclusion of energy storage tech-
nology or microgrid projects into the future 
development plans of the eligible entity; or 
(vi) to purchase and install necessary 
equipment, materials, and supplies for dem-
onstration of emerging technologies; and 
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(B) may use the grant to obtain technical 
assistance from experts in carrying out the ac-
tivities described in subparagraph (A). 
(4) CONDITION.—As a condition of receiving a 
grant under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall— 
(A) implement a public awareness cam-
paign, in coordination with the Secretary, about 
the project implemented under the grant in the 
community in which the eligible entity is lo-
cated, which campaign shall include providing 
projected environmental benefits achieved under 
the project, where to find more information 
about the program established under this section, 
and any other information the Secretary deter-
mines necessary; 
(B) submit to the Secretary, and make 
available to the public, a report that describes— 
(i) any energy cost savings and envi-
ronmental benefits achieved under the 
project; and 
(ii) the results of the project, including 
quantitative assessments to the extent prac-
ticable, associated with each activity de-
scribed in paragraph (3)(A); and 
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(C) create and disseminate tools and re-
sources that will benefit other rural electric co-
operatives, which may include cost calculators, 
guidebooks, handbooks, templates, and training 
courses. 
(5) COST-SHARE.—Activities under this sub-
section shall be subject to the cost-sharing require-
ments of section 988 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16352). 
(e) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program 
established under subsection (b), the Secretary may 
provide eligible entities with technical assistance re-
lating to— 
(A) identifying opportunities for energy 
storage technology and microgrid projects; 
(B) understanding the technical and eco-
nomic characteristics of energy storage tech-
nology or microgrid projects; 
(C) understanding financing alternatives; 
(D) permitting and siting issues; 
(E) obtaining case studies of similar and 
successful energy storage technology or microgrid 
projects; 
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(F) reviewing and obtaining computer soft-
ware for assessment, design, and operation and 
maintenance of energy storage technology or 
microgrid systems; and 
(G) understanding and utilizing the reli-
ability and resiliency benefits of energy storage 
technology and microgrid projects. 
(2) EXTERNAL
CONTRACTS.—In carrying out 
paragraph (1), the Secretary may enter into contracts 
with third-party experts, including engineering, fi-
nance, and insurance experts, to provide technical as-
sistance to eligible entities relating to the activities 
described in such paragraph, or other relevant activi-
ties, as determined by the Secretary. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There is authorized to be ap-
propriated to carry out this section $15,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
(2) ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.—Not more than 5 
percent of the amount appropriated under paragraph 
(1) for each fiscal year shall be used for administra-
tive expenses. 
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TITLE IV—CARBON 
MANAGEMENT 
SEC. 4001. FOSSIL ENERGY. 
Section 961(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16291(a)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) 
as subparagraphs (A) through (G), respectively, and 
indenting appropriately; 
(2) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by 
inserting ‘‘, including technology development to re-
duce emissions of carbon dioxide and associated emis-
sions of heavy metals within coal combustion residues 
and gas streams resulting from fossil fuel use and 
production’’ before the period at the end; 
(3) by striking subparagraph (G) (as so redesig-
nated) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(G) Increasing the export of fossil energy- 
related equipment, technology, including emis-
sions control technologies, and services from the 
United States. 
‘‘(H) Decreasing the cost of emissions con-
trol technologies for fossil energy production, 
generation, and delivery. 
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‘‘(I) Significantly lowering greenhouse gas 
emissions for all fossil fuel production, genera-
tion, delivery, and utilization technologies. 
‘‘(J) Developing carbon removal and utili-
zation technologies, products, and methods that 
result in net reductions in greenhouse gas emis-
sions, including direct air capture and storage, 
and carbon use and reuse for commercial appli-
cation. 
‘‘(K) Improving the conversion, use, and 
storage of carbon oxides produced from fossil 
fuels. 
‘‘(L) Reducing water use, improving water 
reuse, and minimizing surface and subsurface 
environmental impact in the development of un-
conventional domestic oil and natural gas re-
sources.’’; 
(4) by striking the subsection designation and all 
that follows through ‘‘The Secretary’’ in the first sen-
tence of the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
redesignated) and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary’’; 
(5) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), in the 
second sentence of the matter preceding subparagraph 
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(A) (as so redesignated), by striking ‘‘Such programs’’ 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(2) OBJECTIVES.—The programs described in 
paragraph (1) shall’’; and 
(6) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the objectives 
described in subparagraphs (F) through (K) of para-
graph (2), the Secretary shall prioritize activities and 
strategies that have the potential to significantly re-
duce emissions for each technology relevant to the ap-
plicable objective and the international commitments 
of the United States.’’. 
SEC. 4002. ESTABLISHMENT OF CARBON CAPTURE TECH-
NOLOGY PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
amended by striking section 962 (42 U.S.C. 16292) and in-
serting the following: 
‘‘SEC. 962. CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) LARGE-SCALE PILOT PROJECT.—The term 
‘large-scale pilot project’ means a pilot project that— 
‘‘(A) represents the scale of technology devel-
opment beyond laboratory development and 
bench scale testing, but not yet advanced to the 
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point of being tested under real operational con-
ditions at commercial scale; 
‘‘(B) represents the scale of technology nec-
essary to gain the operational data needed to un-
derstand the technical and performance risks of 
the technology before the application of that tech-
nology at commercial scale or in commercial- 
scale demonstration; and 
‘‘(C) is large enough— 
‘‘(i) to validate scaling factors; and 
‘‘(ii) to demonstrate the interaction be-
tween major components so that control 
philosophies for a new process can be devel-
oped and enable the technology to advance 
from large-scale pilot project application to 
commercial-scale demonstration or applica-
tion. 
‘‘(2) NATURAL
GAS.—The term ‘natural gas’ 
means any fuel consisting in whole or in part of— 
‘‘(A) natural gas; 
‘‘(B) liquid petroleum gas; 
‘‘(C) synthetic gas derived from petroleum 
or natural gas liquids; 
‘‘(D) any mixture of natural gas and syn-
thetic gas; or 
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‘‘(E) biomethane. 
‘‘(3) NATURAL GAS ELECTRIC GENERATION FA-
CILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘natural gas 
electric generation facility’ means a facility that 
generates electric energy using natural gas as the 
fuel. 
‘‘(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘natural gas 
electric generation facility’ includes without lim-
itation a new or existing— 
‘‘(i) simple cycle plant; 
‘‘(ii) combined cycle plant; 
‘‘(iii) combined heat and power plant; 
or 
‘‘(iv) steam methane reformer that pro-
duces hydrogen from natural gas for use in 
the production of electric energy. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(5) TRANSFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGY.— 
‘‘(A) 
IN
GENERAL.—The 
term 
‘trans-
formational technology’ means a technology that 
represents a significant change in the methods 
used to convert energy that will enable a step 
change in performance, efficiency, cost of elec-
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tricity, and reduction of emissions as compared 
to the technology in existence on the date of en-
actment of the Energy Act of 2020. 
‘‘(B) 
INCLUSIONS.—The 
term 
‘trans-
formational technology’ includes a broad range 
of potential technology improvements, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) thermodynamic improvements in 
energy conversion and heat transfer, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(I) advanced combustion sys-
tems, including oxygen combustion sys-
tems and chemical looping; and 
‘‘(II) the replacement of steam cy-
cles with supercritical carbon dioxide 
cycles; 
‘‘(ii) improvements in steam or carbon 
dioxide turbine technology; 
‘‘(iii) improvements in carbon capture, 
utilization, and storage systems technology; 
‘‘(iv) improvements in small-scale and 
modular coal-fired technologies with reduced 
carbon output or carbon capture that can 
support incremental power generation ca-
pacity additions; 
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‘‘(v) fuel cell technologies for low-cost, 
high-efficiency modular power systems; 
‘‘(vi) advanced gasification systems; 
‘‘(vii) thermal cycling technologies; and 
‘‘(viii) any other technology the Sec-
retary recognizes as transformational tech-
nology. 
‘‘(b) CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a carbon capture technology program for the develop-
ment of transformational technologies that will sig-
nificantly improve the efficiency, effectiveness, costs, 
emissions reductions, and environmental performance 
of coal and natural gas use, including in manufac-
turing and industrial facilities. 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The program shall in-
clude— 
‘‘(A) a research and development program; 
‘‘(B) large-scale pilot projects; 
‘‘(C) demonstration projects, in accordance 
with paragraph (4); and 
‘‘(D) a front-end engineering and design 
program. 
‘‘(3) PROGRAM
GOALS
AND
OBJECTIVES.—In 
consultation with the interested entities described in 
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paragraph (6)(C), the Secretary shall develop goals 
and objectives for the program to be applied to the 
transformational technologies developed within the 
program, taking into consideration the following: 
‘‘(A) Increasing the performance of coal 
electric generation facilities and natural gas elec-
tric generation facilities, including by— 
‘‘(i) ensuring reliable, low-cost power 
from new and existing coal electric genera-
tion facilities and natural gas electric gen-
eration facilities; 
‘‘(ii) achieving high conversion effi-
ciencies; 
‘‘(iii) addressing emissions of carbon 
dioxide and other air pollutants; 
‘‘(iv) developing small-scale and mod-
ular technologies to support incremental ca-
pacity additions and load following genera-
tion, in addition to large-scale generation 
technologies; 
‘‘(v) supporting dispatchable oper-
ations for new and existing applications of 
coal and natural gas generation; and 
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‘‘(vi) accelerating the development of 
technologies that have transformational en-
ergy conversion characteristics. 
‘‘(B) Using carbon capture, utilization, and 
sequestration technologies to decrease the carbon 
dioxide emissions, and the environmental impact 
from carbon dioxide emissions, from new and ex-
isting coal electric generation facilities and nat-
ural gas electric generation facilities, including 
by— 
‘‘(i) accelerating the development, de-
ployment, and commercialization of tech-
nologies to capture and sequester carbon di-
oxide emissions from new and existing coal 
electric generation facilities and natural gas 
electric generation facilities; 
‘‘(ii) supporting sites for safe geological 
storage of large volumes of anthropogenic 
sources of carbon dioxide and the develop-
ment of the infrastructure needed to support 
a carbon dioxide utilization and storage in-
dustry; 
‘‘(iii) improving the conversion, utili-
zation, and storage of carbon dioxide pro-
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3386 
duced from fossil fuels and other anthropo-
genic sources of carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(iv) lowering greenhouse gas emis-
sions for all fossil fuel production, genera-
tion, delivery, and use, to the maximum ex-
tent practicable; 
‘‘(v) developing carbon utilization tech-
nologies, products, and methods, including 
carbon use and reuse for commercial appli-
cation; 
‘‘(vi) developing net-negative carbon 
dioxide emissions technologies; and 
‘‘(vii) developing technologies for the 
capture of carbon dioxide produced during 
the production of hydrogen from natural 
gas. 
‘‘(C) Decreasing the non-carbon dioxide rel-
evant environmental impacts of coal and natural 
gas production, including by— 
‘‘(i) further reducing non-carbon diox-
ide air emissions; and 
‘‘(ii) reducing the use, and managing 
the discharge, of water in power plant oper-
ations. 
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‘‘(D) Accelerating the development of tech-
nologies to significantly decrease emissions from 
manufacturing and industrial facilities, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) nontraditional fuel manufacturing 
facilities, including ethanol or other biofuel 
production plants or hydrogen production 
plants; and 
‘‘(ii) energy-intensive manufacturing 
facilities that produce carbon dioxide as a 
byproduct of operations. 
‘‘(E) Entering into cooperative agreements 
to carry out and expedite demonstration projects 
(including pilot projects) to demonstrate the 
technical and commercial viability of tech-
nologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions re-
leased from coal electric generation facilities and 
natural gas electric generation facilities for com-
mercial deployment. 
‘‘(F) Identifying any barriers to the com-
mercial deployment of any technologies under de-
velopment for the capture of carbon dioxide pro-
duced by coal electric generation facilities and 
natural gas electric generation facilities. 
‘‘(4) DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
program, the Secretary shall establish a dem-
onstration program under which the Secretary, 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, 
shall enter into cooperative agreements by not 
later than September 30, 2025, for demonstra-
tion projects to demonstrate the construction and 
operation of 6 facilities to capture carbon diox-
ide from coal electric generation facilities, nat-
ural gas electric generation facilities, and indus-
trial facilities. 
‘‘(B) TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.—The Sec-
retary, to the maximum extent practicable, shall 
provide technical assistance to any eligible entity 
seeking to enter into a cooperative agreement de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) for the purpose of 
obtaining any necessary permits and licenses to 
demonstrate qualifying technologies. 
‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE
ENTITIES.—The Secretary 
may enter into cooperative agreements under 
subparagraph (A) with industry stakeholders, in-
cluding any industry stakeholder operating in 
partnership with the National Laboratories, in-
stitutions of higher education, multiinstitutional 
collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 
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‘‘(D) COMMERCIAL-SCALE
DEMONSTRATION 
PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
program, the Secretary shall establish a car-
bon capture technology commercialization 
program to demonstrate substantial im-
provements in the efficiency, effectiveness, 
cost, and environmental performance of car-
bon capture technologies for power, indus-
trial, and other commercial applications. 
‘‘(ii) REQUIREMENT.—The program es-
tablished under clause (i) shall include 
funding for commercial-scale carbon capture 
technology demonstrations of projects sup-
ported 
by 
the 
Department, 
including 
projects in addition to the projects described 
in subparagraph (A), including funding for 
not more than 2 projects to demonstrate 
substantial improvements in a particular 
technology type beyond the first of a kind 
demonstration and to account for consider-
ations described in subparagraph (G). 
‘‘(E) REQUIREMENT.—Of the demonstration 
projects carried out under subparagraph (A)— 
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‘‘(i) 2 shall be designed to capture car-
bon dioxide from a natural gas electric gen-
eration facility; 
‘‘(ii) 2 shall be designed to capture car-
bon dioxide from a coal electric generation 
facility; and 
‘‘(iii) 2 shall be designed to capture 
carbon dioxide from an industrial facility 
not purposed for electric generation. 
‘‘(F) GOALS.—Each demonstration project 
under the demonstration program under sub-
paragraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) shall be designed to further the de-
velopment, deployment, and commercializa-
tion of technologies to capture and sequester 
carbon dioxide emissions from new and ex-
isting coal electric generation facilities, nat-
ural gas electric generation facilities, and 
industrial facilities; 
‘‘(ii) shall be financed in part by the 
private sector; and 
‘‘(iii) if necessary, shall secure agree-
ments for the offtake of carbon dioxide emis-
sions captured by qualifying technologies 
during the project. 
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‘‘(G) APPLICATIONS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—To be eligible to 
enter into an agreement with the Secretary 
for a demonstration project under subpara-
graphs (A) and (D), an entity shall submit 
to the Secretary an application at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(ii) REVIEW
OF
APPLICATIONS.—In 
reviewing applications submitted under 
clause (i), the Secretary, to the maximum 
extent practicable, shall— 
‘‘(I) ensure a broad geographic 
distribution of project sites; 
‘‘(II) ensure that a broad selection 
of electric generation facilities are rep-
resented; 
‘‘(III) ensure that a broad selec-
tion of technologies are represented; 
and 
‘‘(IV) leverage existing public-pri-
vate partnerships and Federal re-
sources. 
‘‘(H) GAO STUDY AND REPORT.— 
‘‘(i) STUDY AND REPORT.— 
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‘‘(I) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of enactment of 
the Energy Act of 2020, the Comp-
troller General of the United States 
shall conduct, and submit to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives 
a report on the results of, a study of 
the successes, failures, practices, and 
improvements of the Department in 
carrying out demonstration projects 
under this paragraph. 
‘‘(II) CONSIDERATIONS.—In con-
ducting the study under subclause (I), 
the Comptroller General of the United 
States shall consider— 
‘‘(aa) applicant and con-
tractor qualifications; 
‘‘(bb) 
project 
management 
practices at the Department; 
‘‘(cc) economic or market 
changes and other factors impact-
ing project viability; 
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‘‘(dd) completion of third- 
party 
agreements, 
including 
power purchase agreements and 
carbon dioxide offtake agreements; 
‘‘(ee) regulatory challenges; 
and 
‘‘(ff) construction challenges. 
‘‘(ii) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(I) consider any relevant rec-
ommendations, as determined by the 
Secretary, provided in the report re-
quired under clause (i)(I); and 
‘‘(II) adopt such recommendations 
as the Secretary considers appropriate. 
‘‘(I) REPORT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date on which the Secretary 
solicits applications under subparagraph 
(G), and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of jurisdiction of the Senate and the House 
of Representatives a report that includes a 
detailed description of how the applications 
under the demonstration program estab-
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lished under subparagraph (A) were or will 
be solicited and how the applications were 
or will be evaluated, including— 
‘‘(I) a list of any activities car-
ried out by the Secretary to solicit or 
evaluate the applications; and 
‘‘(II) a process for ensuring that 
any projects carried out under a coop-
erative agreement entered into under 
subparagraph (A) are designed to re-
sult in the development or demonstra-
tion of qualifying technologies. 
‘‘(ii) 
INCLUSIONS.—The 
Secretary 
shall include— 
‘‘(I) in the first report required 
under clause (i), a detailed list of tech-
nical milestones for the development 
and demonstration of each qualifying 
technology pursued under the dem-
onstration program established under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(II) in each subsequent report re-
quired under clause (i), a description 
of the progress made towards achieving 
the technical milestones described in 
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subclause (I) during the applicable pe-
riod covered by the report; and 
‘‘(III) in each report required 
under clause (i)— 
‘‘(aa) an estimate of the cost 
of 
licensing, 
permitting, 
con-
structing, and operating each car-
bon capture facility expected to be 
constructed under the demonstra-
tion program established under 
subparagraph (A); 
‘‘(bb) a schedule for the 
planned construction and oper-
ation of each demonstration or 
pilot project under the demonstra-
tion program; and 
‘‘(cc) an estimate of any fi-
nancial assistance, compensation, 
or incentives proposed to be paid 
by the host State, Indian Tribe, or 
local government with respect to 
each facility described in item 
(aa). 
‘‘(5) INTRAAGENCY COORDINATION FOR CARBON 
CAPTURE, UTILIZATION, AND SEQUESTRATION ACTIVI-
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TIES.—The carbon capture, utilization, and seques-
tration activities described in paragraph (3)(B) shall 
be carried out by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil 
Energy, in coordination with the heads of other rel-
evant offices of the Department and the National Lab-
oratories. 
‘‘(6) CONSULTATIONS
REQUIRED.—In carrying 
out the program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) undertake international collaborations, 
taking into consideration the recommendations 
of the National Coal Council and the National 
Petroleum Council; 
‘‘(B) use existing authorities to encourage 
international cooperation; and 
‘‘(C) consult with interested entities, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) coal and natural gas producers; 
‘‘(ii) industries that use coal and nat-
ural gas; 
‘‘(iii) organizations that promote coal, 
advanced coal, and natural gas technologies; 
‘‘(iv) environmental organizations; 
‘‘(v) organizations representing work-
ers; and 
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‘‘(vi) organizations representing con-
sumers. 
‘‘(c) REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report de-
scribing the program goals and objectives adopted 
under subsection (b)(3). 
‘‘(2) UPDATE.—Not less frequently than once 
every 2 years after the initial report is submitted 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to 
Congress a report describing the progress made to-
wards achieving the program goals and objectives 
adopted under subsection (b)(3). 
‘‘(d) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out this section, to remain available 
until expended— 
‘‘(A) for activities under the research and 
development program component described in 
subsection (b)(2)(A)— 
‘‘(i) $230,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 and 2022; and 
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3398 
‘‘(ii) $150,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2025; 
‘‘(B) subject to paragraph (2), for activities 
under the large-scale pilot projects program com-
ponent described in subsection (b)(2)(B)— 
‘‘(i) $225,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 and 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $200,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 and 2024; and 
‘‘(iii) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 
2025; 
‘‘(C) for activities under the demonstration 
projects program component described in sub-
section (b)(2)(C)— 
‘‘(i) $500,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 though 2024; and 
‘‘(ii) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(D) for activities under the front-end engi-
neering and design program described in sub-
section (b)(2)(D), $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2024. 
‘‘(2) COST
SHARING
FOR
LARGE-SCALE
PILOT 
PROJECTS.—Activities under subsection (b)(2)(B) 
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shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of sec-
tion 988(b). 
‘‘(e) CARBON CAPTURE TEST CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
Secretary shall award grants to 1 or more entities for 
the operation of 1 or more test centers (referred to in 
this subsection as a ‘Center’) to provide distinct test-
ing capabilities for innovative carbon capture tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Each Center shall— 
‘‘(A) advance research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of car-
bon capture technologies; 
‘‘(B) support large-scale pilot projects and 
demonstration projects and test carbon capture 
technologies; and 
‘‘(C) develop front-end engineering design 
and economic analysis. 
‘‘(3) SELECTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall se-
lect entities to receive grants under this sub-
section according to such criteria as the Sec-
retary may develop. 
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3400 
‘‘(B) COMPETITIVE
BASIS.—The Secretary 
shall select entities to receive grants under this 
subsection on a competitive basis. 
‘‘(C) PRIORITY CRITERIA.—In selecting en-
tities to receive grants under this subsection, the 
Secretary shall prioritize consideration of appli-
cants that— 
‘‘(i) have access to existing or planned 
research facilities for carbon capture tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(ii) are institutions of higher edu-
cation with established expertise in engi-
neering for carbon capture technologies, or 
partnerships with such institutions of high-
er education; or 
‘‘(iii) have access to existing research 
and test facilities for bulk materials design 
and testing, component design and testing, 
or professional engineering design. 
‘‘(D) EXISTING CENTERS.—In selecting en-
tities to receive grants under this subsection, the 
Secretary shall prioritize carbon capture test 
centers in existence on the date of enactment of 
the Energy Act of 2020. 
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3401 
‘‘(4) FORMULA
FOR
AWARDING
GRANTS.—The 
Secretary may develop a formula for awarding grants 
under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) SCHEDULE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Each grant awarded 
under this subsection shall be for a term of not 
more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
‘‘(B) RENEWAL.—The Secretary may renew 
a grant for 1 or more additional 5-year terms, 
subject to a competitive merit review and the 
availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(6) TERMINATION.—To the extent otherwise au-
thorized by law, the Secretary may eliminate, and 
terminate grant funding under this subsection for, a 
Center during any 5-year term described in para-
graph (5) if the Secretary determines that the Center 
is underperforming. 
‘‘(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this subsection $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2021 through 2025.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
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Stat. 600) is amended by striking the item relating to sec-
tion 962 and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 962. Carbon capture technology program.’’. 
SEC. 4003. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 963 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16293) is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this section— 
‘‘(1) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) by striking paragraphs (5) and (6) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(f) COST SHARING.—Activities carried out under this 
section shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of 
section 988.’’; and 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (4) as sub-
section (e) and indenting appropriately; 
(3) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated)— 
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3403 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, 
and indenting appropriately; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘subsection’’ each place it 
appears and inserting ‘‘section’’; and 
(4) by striking the section designation and head-
ing and all that follows through the end of subsection 
(c)(3) and inserting the following: 
‘‘SEC. 963. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATION.— 
The term ‘large-scale carbon sequestration’ means a 
scale that— 
‘‘(A) demonstrates the ability to inject into 
geologic formations and sequester carbon dioxide; 
and 
‘‘(B) has a goal of sequestering not less than 
50 million metric tons of carbon dioxide over a 
10-year period. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(b) CARBON STORAGE PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a program of research, development, and demonstra-
tion for carbon storage. 
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‘‘(2) PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.—Activities under the 
program shall include— 
‘‘(A) in coordination with relevant Federal 
agencies, developing and maintaining mapping 
tools and resources that assess the capacity of 
geologic storage formation in the United States; 
‘‘(B) developing monitoring tools, modeling 
of geologic formations, and analyses— 
‘‘(i) to predict carbon dioxide contain-
ment; and 
‘‘(ii) to account for sequestered carbon 
dioxide in geologic storage sites; 
‘‘(C) researching— 
‘‘(i) potential environmental, safety, 
and health impacts in the event of a leak 
into the atmosphere or to an aquifer; and 
‘‘(ii) any corresponding mitigation ac-
tions or responses to limit harmful con-
sequences of such a leak; 
‘‘(D) evaluating the interactions of carbon 
dioxide with formation solids and fluids, includ-
ing the propensity of injections to induce seismic 
activity; 
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3405 
‘‘(E) assessing and ensuring the safety of 
operations relating to geologic sequestration of 
carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(F) determining the fate of carbon dioxide 
concurrent with and following injection into geo-
logic formations; 
‘‘(G) supporting cost and business model as-
sessments to examine the economic viability of 
technologies and systems developed under the 
program; and 
‘‘(H) providing information to the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, States, local govern-
ments, Tribal governments, and other appro-
priate entities, to ensure the protection of human 
health and the environment. 
‘‘(3) GEOLOGIC SETTINGS.—In carrying out re-
search activities under this subsection, the Secretary 
shall consider a variety of candidate onshore and off-
shore geologic settings, including— 
‘‘(A) operating oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(B) depleted oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(C) residual oil zones; 
‘‘(D) unconventional reservoirs and rock 
types; 
‘‘(E) unmineable coal seams; 
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3406 
‘‘(F) saline formations in both sedimentary 
and basaltic geologies; 
‘‘(G) geologic systems that may be used as 
engineered reservoirs to extract economical quan-
tities of brine from geothermal resources of low 
permeability or porosity; and 
‘‘(H) geologic systems containing in situ 
carbon dioxide mineralization formations. 
‘‘(c) LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATION DEM-
ONSTRATION PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish 
a demonstration program under which the Secretary 
shall provide funding for demonstration projects to 
collect and validate information on the cost and feasi-
bility of commercial deployment of large-scale carbon 
sequestration technologies. 
‘‘(2) EXISTING REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRA-
TION
PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Secretary may provide additional funding to 
regional carbon sequestration partnerships that are 
carrying out or have completed a large-scale carbon 
sequestration demonstration project under this section 
(as in effect on the day before the date of enactment 
of the Energy Act of 2020) for additional work on 
that project. 
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3407 
‘‘(3) DEMONSTRATION COMPONENTS.—Each dem-
onstration project carried out under this subsection 
shall include longitudinal tests involving carbon diox-
ide injection and monitoring, mitigation, and 
verification operations. 
‘‘(4) CLEARINGHOUSE.—The National Energy 
Technology Laboratory shall act as a clearinghouse of 
shared information and resources for— 
‘‘(A) existing or completed demonstration 
projects receiving additional funding under 
paragraph (2); and 
‘‘(B) any new demonstration projects fund-
ed under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Sec-
retary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee 
on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives a report that— 
‘‘(A) assesses the progress of all regional 
carbon sequestration partnerships carrying out a 
demonstration project under this subsection; 
‘‘(B) identifies the remaining challenges in 
achieving large-scale carbon sequestration that is 
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3408 
reliable and safe for the environment and public 
health; and 
‘‘(C) creates a roadmap for carbon storage 
research and development activities of the De-
partment through 2025, with the goal of reduc-
ing economic and policy barriers to commercial 
carbon sequestration. 
‘‘(d) INTEGRATED STORAGE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may transi-
tion large-scale carbon sequestration demonstration 
projects under subsection (c) into integrated commer-
cial storage complexes. 
‘‘(2) GOALS AND OBJECTIVES.—The goals and 
objectives of the Secretary in seeking to transition 
large-scale 
carbon 
sequestration 
demonstration 
projects into integrated commercial storage complexes 
under paragraph (1) shall be— 
‘‘(A) to identify geologic storage sites that 
are able to accept large volumes of carbon diox-
ide acceptable for commercial contracts; 
‘‘(B) to understand the technical and com-
mercial viability of carbon dioxide geologic stor-
age sites; and 
‘‘(C) to carry out any other activities nec-
essary to transition the large-scale carbon seques-
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3409 
tration demonstration projects under subsection 
(c) into integrated commercial storage com-
plexes.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 600; 121 Stat. 1708) is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 963 and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 963. Carbon storage validation and testing.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) Section 703(a)(3) of the Department of En-
ergy Carbon Capture and Sequestration Research, De-
velopment, and Demonstration Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17251(a)(3)) is amended, in the first sentence of the 
matter preceding subparagraph (A), by— 
(A) striking ‘‘section 963(c)(3)’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘section 963(c)’’; and 
(B) striking ‘‘16293(c)(3)’’ and inserting 
‘‘16293(c)’’. 
(2) Section 704 of the Department of Energy 
Carbon Capture and Sequestration Research, Develop-
ment, and Demonstration Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
17252) is amended, in the first sentence, by— 
(A) striking ‘‘section 963(c)(3)’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘section 963(c)’’; and 
(B) striking ‘‘16293(c)(3)’’ and inserting 
‘‘16293(c)’’. 
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3410 
SEC. 4004. CARBON UTILIZATION PROGRAM. 
(a) CARBON UTILIZATION PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle F of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969A. CARBON UTILIZATION PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish a 
program of research, development, and demonstration for 
carbon utilization— 
‘‘(1) to assess and monitor— 
‘‘(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon 
dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and 
‘‘(B) other environmental safety indicators 
of new technologies, practices, processes, or meth-
ods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as 
part of the activities authorized under section 
963; 
‘‘(2) to identify and assess novel uses for carbon, 
including the conversion of carbon and carbon oxides 
for commercial and industrial products and other 
products with potential market value; 
‘‘(3) to identify and assess carbon capture tech-
nologies for industrial systems; and 
‘‘(4) to identify and assess alternative uses for 
raw coal and processed coal products in all phases 
that result in no significant emissions of carbon diox-
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ide or other pollutants, including products derived 
from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal con-
version methods. 
‘‘(b) DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS FOR THE PURPOSE 
OF COMMERCIALIZATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, 
as part of the program established under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall establish a 2-year demonstra-
tion program in each of the 2 major coal-producing 
regions of the United States for the purpose of 
partnering with private institutions in coal mining 
regions to accelerate the commercial deployment of 
coal-carbon products. 
‘‘(2) COST
SHARING.—Activities under para-
graph (1) shall be subject to the cost-sharing require-
ments of section 988. 
‘‘(c) CARBON UTILIZATION RESEARCH CENTER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish and 
operate a national Carbon Utilization Research Cen-
ter (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Center’), 
which shall focus on early stage research and develop-
ment activities including— 
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3412 
‘‘(A) post-combustion and pre-combustion 
capture of carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(B) advanced compression technologies for 
new and existing fossil fuel-fired power plants; 
‘‘(C) technologies to convert carbon dioxide 
to valuable products and commodities; and 
‘‘(D) advanced carbon dioxide storage tech-
nologies that consider a range of storage regimes. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) select the Center under this subsection 
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis; and 
‘‘(B) consider applications from the Na-
tional Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, multiinstitutional collaborations, and 
other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(3) EXISTING CENTERS.—In selecting the Cen-
ter under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
prioritize carbon utilization research centers in exist-
ence on the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 
2020. 
‘‘(4) DURATION.—The Center established under 
this subsection shall receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
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3413 
‘‘(5) RENEWAL.—On the expiration of any pe-
riod of support of the Center, the Secretary may 
renew support for the Center, on a merit-reviewed 
basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(6) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist-
ing authorities of the Department, the Secretary may 
terminate the Center for cause during the perform-
ance period. 
‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
out this section— 
‘‘(1) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $55,250,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $56,562,500 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $57,940,625 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $59,387,656 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(e) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall coordinate 
the activities authorized in this section with the activities 
authorized in section 969 as part of one consolidated pro-
gram at the Department. Nothing in section 969 shall be 
construed as limiting the authorities provided in this sec-
tion.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–58; 119 Stat. 600) is amended by adding at the 
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end of the items relating to subtitle F of title IX the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 969A. Carbon utilization program.’’. 
(b) STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall enter 
into an agreement with the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which the 
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine shall conduct a study to assess any barriers 
and opportunities relating to commercializing carbon, 
coal-derived carbon, and carbon dioxide in the United 
States. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The study under para-
graph (1) shall— 
(A) analyze challenges to commercializing 
carbon dioxide, including— 
(i) expanding carbon dioxide pipeline 
capacity; 
(ii) mitigating environmental impacts; 
(iii) access to capital; 
(iv) geographic barriers; and 
(v) regional economic challenges and 
opportunities; 
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(B) identify potential markets, industries, 
or sectors that may benefit from greater access to 
commercial carbon dioxide; 
(C) determine the feasibility of, and oppor-
tunities for, the commercialization of coal-de-
rived carbon products, including for— 
(i) commercial purposes; 
(ii) industrial purposes; 
(iii) defense and military purposes; 
(iv) agricultural purposes, including 
soil amendments and fertilizers; 
(v) medical and pharmaceutical appli-
cations; 
(vi) construction and building applica-
tions; 
(vii) energy applications; and 
(viii) production of critical minerals; 
(D) assess— 
(i) the state of infrastructure as of the 
date of the study; and 
(ii) any necessary updates to infra-
structure to allow for the integration of safe 
and reliable carbon dioxide transportation, 
use, and storage; 
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(E) describe the economic, climate, and en-
vironmental impacts of any well-integrated na-
tional carbon dioxide pipeline system, including 
suggestions for policies that could— 
(i) improve the economic impact of the 
system; and 
(ii) mitigate impacts of the system; 
(F) assess the global status and progress of 
chemical and biological carbon utilization tech-
nologies in practice as of the date of the study 
that utilize anthropogenic carbon, including car-
bon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and 
biogas, from power generation, biofuels produc-
tion, and other industrial processes; 
(G) identify emerging technologies and ap-
proaches for carbon utilization that show prom-
ise for scale-up, demonstration, deployment, and 
commercialization; 
(H) analyze the factors associated with 
making carbon utilization technologies viable at 
a commercial scale, including carbon waste 
stream availability, economics, market capacity, 
energy, and lifecycle requirements; 
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(I)(i) assess the major technical challenges 
associated with increasing the commercial viabil-
ity of carbon reuse technologies; and 
(ii) identify the research and development 
questions that will address the challenges de-
scribed in clause (i); 
(J)(i) assess research efforts being carried 
out as of the date of the study, including basic, 
applied, engineering, and computational re-
search efforts, that are addressing the challenges 
described in subparagraph (I)(i); and 
(ii) identify gaps in the research efforts 
under clause (i); 
(K) develop a comprehensive research agen-
da that addresses long- and short-term research 
needs and opportunities for technologies that 
may be important to minimizing net greenhouse 
gas emissions from the use of coal and natural 
gas; and 
(L)(i) identify appropriate Federal agencies 
with capabilities to support small business enti-
ties; and 
(ii) determine what assistance the Federal 
agencies identified under clause (i) could provide 
to small business entities to further the develop-
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ment and commercial deployment of carbon di-
oxide-based products. 
(3) DEADLINE.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the National Acad-
emies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine shall 
submit to the Secretary a report describing the results 
of the study under paragraph (1). 
SEC. 4005. HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969B. HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, acting through the 
Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy (referred to in this 
section as the ‘Secretary’), shall establish a multiyear, mul-
tiphase program (referred to in this section as the ‘pro-
gram’) of research, development, and technology demonstra-
tion to improve the efficiency of gas turbines used in power 
generation systems and aviation. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The program shall— 
‘‘(1) support first-of-a-kind engineering and de-
tailed gas turbine design for small-scale and utility- 
scale electric power generation, including— 
‘‘(A) high temperature materials, including 
superalloys, coatings, and ceramics; 
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‘‘(B) improved heat transfer capability; 
‘‘(C) manufacturing technology required to 
construct complex 3-dimensional geometry parts 
with improved aerodynamic capability; 
‘‘(D) combustion technology to produce 
higher firing temperature while lowering nitro-
gen oxide and carbon monoxide emissions per 
unit of output; 
‘‘(E) advanced controls and systems inte-
gration; 
‘‘(F) advanced high performance compressor 
technology; and 
‘‘(G) validation facilities for the testing of 
components and subsystems; 
‘‘(2) include technology demonstration through 
component testing, subscale testing, and full-scale test-
ing in existing fleets; 
‘‘(3) include field demonstrations of the developed 
technology elements to demonstrate technical and eco-
nomic feasibility; 
‘‘(4) assess overall combined cycle and simple 
cycle system performance; 
‘‘(5) increase fuel flexibility by enabling gas tur-
bines to operate with high proportions of, or pure, hy-
drogen or other renewable gas fuels; 
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‘‘(6) enhance foundational knowledge needed for 
low-emission combustion systems that can work in 
high-pressure, high-temperature environments re-
quired for high-efficiency cycles; 
‘‘(7) increase operational flexibility by reducing 
turbine start-up times and improving the ability to 
accommodate flexible power demand; and 
‘‘(8) include any other elements necessary to 
achieve the goals described in subsection (c), as deter-
mined by the Secretary, in consultation with private 
industry. 
‘‘(c) PROGRAM GOALS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The goals of the program 
shall be— 
‘‘(A) in phase I, to develop a conceptual de-
sign of, and to develop and demonstrate the tech-
nology required for— 
‘‘(i) advanced high efficiency gas tur-
bines to achieve, on a lower heating value 
basis— 
‘‘(I) a combined cycle efficiency of 
not less than 65 percent; or 
‘‘(II) a simple cycle efficiency of 
not less than 47 percent; and 
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‘‘(ii) aviation gas turbines to achieve a 
25 percent reduction in fuel burn by im-
proving fuel efficiency to existing best-in- 
class turbo-fan engines; and 
‘‘(B) in phase II, to develop a conceptual 
design of advanced high efficiency gas turbines 
that can achieve, on a lower heating value 
basis— 
‘‘(i) a combined cycle efficiency of not 
less than 67 percent; or 
‘‘(ii) a simple cycle efficiency of not 
less than 50 percent. 
‘‘(2) ADDITIONAL GOALS.—If a goal described in 
paragraph (1) has been achieved, the Secretary, in 
consultation with private industry and the National 
Academy of Sciences, may develop additional goals or 
phases for advanced gas turbine research and develop-
ment. 
‘‘(d) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may provide 
financial assistance, including grants, to carry out 
the program. 
‘‘(2) PROPOSALS.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
Secretary shall solicit proposals from industry, small 
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businesses, universities, and other appropriate parties 
for conducting activities under this section. 
‘‘(3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In selecting proposed 
projects to receive financial assistance under this sub-
section, the Secretary shall give special consideration 
to the extent to which the proposed project will— 
‘‘(A) stimulate the creation or increased re-
tention of jobs in the United States; and 
‘‘(B) promote and enhance technology lead-
ership in the United States. 
‘‘(4) COMPETITIVE
AWARDS.—The Secretary 
shall provide financial assistance under this sub-
section on a competitive basis, with an emphasis on 
technical merit. 
‘‘(5) COST SHARING.—Financial assistance pro-
vided under this subsection shall be subject to the cost 
sharing requirements of section 988. 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 600) is further amended by adding at the end of the 
items relating to subtitle F of title IX the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969B. High efficiency gas turbines.’’. 
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SEC. 4006. NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY 
REFORMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969C. NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY 
REFORMS. 
‘‘(a) SPECIAL HIRING AUTHORITY FOR SCIENTIFIC, 
ENGINEERING, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National 
Energy Technology Laboratory (referred to in this 
section as the ‘Director’) may— 
‘‘(A) make appointments to positions in the 
National Energy Technology Laboratory to assist 
in meeting a specific project or research need, 
without regard to civil service laws, of individ-
uals who— 
‘‘(i) have an advanced scientific or en-
gineering background; or 
‘‘(ii) have a business background and 
can assist in specific technology-to-market 
needs; 
‘‘(B) fix the basic pay of any employee ap-
pointed under subparagraph (A) at a rate not to 
exceed level II of the Executive Schedule under 
section 5313 of title 5, United States Code; and 
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‘‘(C) pay any employee appointed under 
subparagraph (A) payments in addition to the 
basic pay fixed under subparagraph (B), subject 
to the condition that the total amount of addi-
tional payments paid to an employee under this 
subparagraph for any 12-month period shall not 
exceed the least of— 
‘‘(i) $25,000; 
‘‘(ii) the amount equal to 25 percent of 
the annual rate of basic pay of that em-
ployee; and 
‘‘(iii) the amount of the limitation that 
is applicable for a calendar year under sec-
tion 5307(a)(1) of title 5, United States 
Code. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term of any em-
ployee appointed under paragraph (1)(A) shall 
not exceed 3 years. 
‘‘(B) FULL-TIME
EMPLOYEES.—Not more 
than 10 full-time employees appointed under 
paragraph (1)(A) may be employed at the Na-
tional Energy Technology Laboratory at any 
given time. 
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‘‘(b) LABORATORY-DIRECTED RESEARCH AND DEVEL-
OPMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Beginning in fiscal year 
2021, the National Energy Technology Laboratory 
shall be eligible for laboratory-directed research and 
development funding. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Each fiscal year, of 
funds made available to the National Energy 
Technology Laboratory, the Secretary may de-
posit an amount, not to exceed the rate made 
available to the National Laboratories for lab-
oratory-directed research and development, in a 
special fund account. 
‘‘(B) USE.—Amounts in the account under 
subparagraph (A) shall only be available for lab-
oratory-directed research and development. 
‘‘(C) REQUIREMENTS.—The account under 
subparagraph (A)— 
‘‘(i) shall be administered by the Sec-
retary; 
‘‘(ii) shall be available without fiscal 
year limitation; and 
‘‘(iii) shall not be subject to appropria-
tion. 
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‘‘(3) REQUIREMENT.—The Director shall carry 
out laboratory-directed research and development ac-
tivities at the National Energy Technology Labora-
tory consistent with Department of Energy Order 
413.2C, dated August 2, 2018 (or a successor order). 
‘‘(4) ANNUAL REPORT ON USE OF AUTHORITY.— 
Annually, the Secretary shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen-
ate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology of the House of Representatives a report on the 
use of the authority provided under this subsection 
during the preceding fiscal year. 
‘‘(c) LABORATORY OPERATIONS.—The Secretary shall 
delegate human resources operations of the National Energy 
Technology Laboratory to the Director to assist in carrying 
out this section. 
‘‘(d) REVIEW.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 
of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report assess-
ing the management and research activities of the National 
Energy Technology Laboratory, which shall include— 
‘‘(1) an assessment of the quality of science and 
research at the National Energy Technology Labora-
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tory, relative to similar work at other National Lab-
oratories; 
‘‘(2) a review of the effectiveness of authorities 
provided in subsections (a) and (b); and 
‘‘(3) recommendations for policy changes within 
the Department and legislative changes to provide the 
National Energy Technology Laboratory with the nec-
essary tools and resources to advance the research 
mission of the National Energy Technology Labora-
tory.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 600) is further amended by adding at the end of the 
items relating to subtitle F of title IX the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969C. National energy technology laboratory reforms.’’. 
SEC. 4007. STUDY ON BLUE HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) STUDY.—The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a 
study to examine opportunities for research and develop-
ment in integrating blue hydrogen technology in the indus-
trial power sector and how that could enhance the deploy-
ment and adoption of carbon capture and storage. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall submit 
to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
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nology of the House of Representatives a report that de-
scribes the results of the study under subsection (a). 
SEC. 4008. PRODUCED WATER RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—As soon as possible after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’) shall establish 
a research and development program on produced water to 
develop— 
(1) new technologies and practices to reduce the 
environmental impact; and 
(2) opportunities for reprocessing of produced 
water at natural gas or oil development sites. 
(b) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program es-
tablished under subsection (a), the Secretary shall give pri-
ority to projects that develop and bring to market— 
(1) effective systems for on-site management or 
repurposing of produced water; and 
(2) new technologies or approaches to reduce the 
environmental impact of produced water on local 
water sources and the environment. 
(c) CONDUCT OF PROGRAM.—In carrying out the pro-
gram established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall 
carry out science-based research and development activities 
to pursue— 
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(1) improved efficiency, technologies, and tech-
niques for produced water recycling stations; and 
(2) alternative approaches to treating, reusing, 
storing, or decontaminating produced water. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025. 
TITLE V—CARBON REMOVAL 
SEC. 5001. CARBON REMOVAL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969D. CARBON REMOVAL. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, in coordina-
tion with the heads of appropriate Federal agencies, includ-
ing the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish a research, 
development, and demonstration program (referred to in 
this section as the ‘program’) to test, validate, or improve 
technologies and strategies to remove carbon dioxide from 
the atmosphere on a large scale. 
‘‘(b) INTRAAGENCY COORDINATION.—The Secretary 
shall ensure that the program includes the coordinated par-
ticipation of the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office of 
Science, and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
Energy. 
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‘‘(c) PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.—The program may in-
clude research, development, and demonstration activities 
relating to— 
‘‘(1) direct air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(2) bioenergy with carbon capture and seques-
tration; 
‘‘(3) enhanced geological weathering; 
‘‘(4) agricultural practices; 
‘‘(5) forest management and afforestation; and 
‘‘(6) planned or managed carbon sinks, includ-
ing natural and artificial. 
‘‘(d) REQUIREMENTS.—In developing and identifying 
carbon removal technologies and strategies under the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall consider— 
‘‘(1) land use changes, including impacts on nat-
ural and managed ecosystems; 
‘‘(2) ocean acidification; 
‘‘(3) net greenhouse gas emissions; 
‘‘(4) commercial viability; 
‘‘(5) potential for near-term impact; 
‘‘(6) potential for carbon reductions on a gigaton 
scale; and 
‘‘(7) economic cobenefits. 
‘‘(e) AIR CAPTURE PRIZE COMPETITIONS.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
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‘‘(A) DILUTE
MEDIA.—The term ‘dilute 
media’ means media in which the concentration 
of carbon dioxide is less than 1 percent by vol-
ume. 
‘‘(B) PRIZE COMPETITION.—The term ‘prize 
competition’ means the competitive technology 
prize competition established under paragraph 
(2). 
‘‘(C) QUALIFIED CARBON DIOXIDE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified 
carbon dioxide’ means any carbon dioxide 
that— 
‘‘(I) is captured directly from the 
ambient air; and 
‘‘(II) is measured at the source of 
capture and verified at the point of 
disposal, injection, or utilization. 
‘‘(ii) INCLUSION.—The term ‘qualified 
carbon dioxide’ includes the initial deposit 
of captured carbon dioxide used as a ter-
tiary injectant. 
‘‘(iii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘quali-
fied carbon dioxide’ does not include carbon 
dioxide that is recaptured, recycled, and re-
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injected as part of the enhanced oil and 
natural gas recovery process. 
‘‘(D) QUALIFIED DIRECT AIR CAPTURE FA-
CILITY.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘qualified 
direct air capture facility’ means any facil-
ity that— 
‘‘(I) uses carbon capture equip-
ment to capture carbon dioxide di-
rectly from the ambient air; and 
‘‘(II) captures more than 50,000 
metric tons of qualified carbon dioxide 
annually. 
‘‘(ii) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘qualified 
direct air capture facility’ does not include 
any facility that captures carbon dioxide— 
‘‘(I) that is deliberately released 
from naturally occurring subsurface 
springs; or 
‘‘(II) using natural photosyn-
thesis. 
‘‘(2) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, 
the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall estab-
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lish as part of the program a competitive technology 
prize competition to award prizes for— 
‘‘(A) precommercial carbon dioxide capture 
from dilute media; and 
‘‘(B) commercial applications of direct air 
capture technologies. 
‘‘(3) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Secretary, in accordance with section 24 
of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), shall develop requirements 
for— 
‘‘(A) the prize competition process; and 
‘‘(B) monitoring and verification proce-
dures for projects selected to receive a prize 
under the prize competition. 
‘‘(4) ELIGIBLE PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(A) 
PRECOMMERCIAL
AIR
CAPTURE 
PROJECTS.—With respect to projects described in 
paragraph (2)(A), to be eligible to be awarded a 
prize under the prize competition, a project 
shall— 
‘‘(i) 
meet 
minimum 
performance 
standards set by the Secretary; 
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‘‘(ii) meet minimum levels set by the 
Secretary for the capture of carbon dioxide 
from dilute media; and 
‘‘(iii) demonstrate in the application of 
the project for a prize— 
‘‘(I) a design for a promising car-
bon capture technology that will— 
‘‘(aa) be operated on a dem-
onstration scale; and 
‘‘(bb) have the potential to 
achieve significant reduction in 
the level of carbon dioxide in the 
atmosphere; 
‘‘(II) a successful bench-scale dem-
onstration of a carbon capture tech-
nology; or 
‘‘(III) an operational carbon cap-
ture technology on a commercial scale. 
‘‘(B) COMMERCIAL
DIRECT
AIR
CAPTURE 
PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN
GENERAL.—With respect to 
projects described in paragraph (2)(B), the 
Secretary shall award prizes under the 
prize competition to qualified direct air 
capture facilities for metric tons of qualified 
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carbon dioxide captured and verified at the 
point of disposal, injection, or utilization. 
‘‘(ii) 
AMOUNT
OF
AWARD.—The 
amount of the award per metric ton under 
clause (i)— 
‘‘(I) shall be equal for each quali-
fied direct air capture facility selected 
for a prize under the prize competition; 
and 
‘‘(II) shall be determined by the 
Secretary and in any case shall not ex-
ceed— 
‘‘(aa) $180 for qualified car-
bon dioxide captured and stored 
in saline storage formations; 
‘‘(bb) a lesser amount, as de-
termined by the Secretary, for 
qualified carbon dioxide captured 
and stored in conjunction with 
enhanced oil recovery operations; 
or 
‘‘(cc) a lesser amount, as de-
termined by the Secretary, for 
qualified carbon dioxide captured 
and utilized in any activity con-
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sistent with section 45Q(f)(5) of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986. 
‘‘(iii) REQUIREMENT.—The Secretary 
shall make awards under this subparagraph 
until appropriated funds are expended. 
‘‘(f) DIRECT AIR CAPTURE TEST CENTER.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
Secretary shall award grants to 1 or more entities for 
the operation of 1 or more test centers (referred to in 
this subsection as a ‘Center’) to provide distinct test-
ing capabilities for innovative direct air capture and 
storage technologies. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSE.—Each Center shall— 
‘‘(A) advance research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application of direct 
air capture and storage technologies; 
‘‘(B) support large-scale pilot and dem-
onstration projects and test direct air capture 
and storage technologies; and 
‘‘(C) develop front-end engineering design 
and economic analysis. 
‘‘(3) SELECTION.— 
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‘‘(4) FORMULA
FOR
AWARDING
GRANTS.—The 
Secretary may develop a formula for awarding grants 
under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) SCHEDULE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Each grant awarded 
under this subsection shall be for a term of not 
more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
‘‘(B) RENEWAL.—The Secretary may renew 
a grant for 1 or more additional 5-year terms, 
subject to a competitive merit review and the 
availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(6) TERMINATION.—To the extent otherwise au-
thorized by law, the Secretary may eliminate, and 
terminate grant funding under this subsection for, a 
Center during any 5-year term described in para-
graph (5) if the Secretary determines that the Center 
is underperforming. 
‘‘(g) PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.—In sup-
porting the technology development activities under this sec-
tion, the Secretary is encouraged to support carbon removal 
pilot and demonstration projects, including— 
‘‘(1) pilot projects that test direct air capture 
systems capable of capturing 10 to 100 tonnes of car-
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bon oxides per year to provide data for demonstra-
tion-scale projects; and 
‘‘(2) direct air capture demonstration projects 
capable of capturing greater than 1,000 tonnes of car-
bon oxides per year. 
‘‘(h) INTRAAGENCY COLLABORATION.—In carrying out 
the program, the Secretary shall encourage and promote col-
laborations among relevant offices and agencies within the 
Department. 
‘‘(i) ACCOUNTING.—The Secretary shall collaborate 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies to 
develop and improve accounting frameworks and tools to 
accurately measure carbon removal and sequestration meth-
ods and technologies. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
this section— 
‘‘(1) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, of 
which— 
‘‘(A) $15,000,000 shall be used to carry out 
subsection (e)(2)(A), to remain available until 
expended; and 
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‘‘(B) $100,000,000 shall be used to carry 
out subsection (e)(2)(B), to remain available 
until expended; 
‘‘(2) $63,500,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $66,150,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $69,458,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $72,930,000 for fiscal year 2025.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58; 119 
Stat. 600) is further amended by adding at the end of the 
items relating to subtitle F of title IX the following: 
‘‘Sec. 969D. Carbon removal.’’. 
SEC. 5002. CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL TASK FORCE AND 
REPORT. 
(a) DEFINITION OF CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL.—In 
this section, the term ‘‘carbon dioxide removal’’ means the 
capture of carbon dioxide directly from ambient air or, in 
dissolved form, from seawater, combined with the sequestra-
tion of that carbon dioxide, including through— 
(1) direct air capture and sequestration; 
(2) enhanced carbon mineralization; 
(3) bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestra-
tion; 
(4) forest restoration; 
(5) soil carbon management; and 
(6) direct ocean capture. 
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(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy (in this 
section referred to as the ‘‘Secretary’’), in consultation with 
the heads of any other relevant Federal agencies, shall pre-
pare a report that— 
(1) estimates the magnitude of excess carbon di-
oxide in the atmosphere that will need to be removed 
by 2050 to achieve net-zero emissions and stabilize the 
climate; 
(2) inventories current and emerging approaches 
of carbon dioxide removal and evaluates the advan-
tages and disadvantages of each of the approaches; 
and 
(3) identifies recommendations for legislation, 
funding, rules, revisions to rules, financing mecha-
nisms, or other policy tools that the Federal Govern-
ment can use to sufficiently advance the deployment 
of carbon dioxide removal projects in order to meet, 
in the aggregate, the magnitude of needed removals es-
timated under paragraph (1), including policy tools, 
such as— 
(A) grants; 
(B) loans or loan guarantees; 
(C) public-private partnerships; 
(D) direct procurement; 
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(E) incentives, including subsidized Federal 
financing mechanisms available to project devel-
opers; 
(F) advance market commitments; 
(G) regulations; and 
(H) any other policy mechanism determined 
by the Secretary to be beneficial for advancing 
carbon dioxide removal methods and the deploy-
ment of carbon dioxide removal projects. 
(c) 
SUBMISSION; 
PUBLICATION.—The 
Secretary 
shall— 
(1) submit the report prepared under subsection 
(b) to the Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources of the Senate and the Committees on Energy 
and Commerce and Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(2) as soon as practicable after completion of the 
report, make the report publicly available. 
(d) EVALUATION; REVISION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date on which the Secretary publishes the report 
under subsection (c)(2), and every 2 years thereafter, 
the Secretary shall evaluate the findings and rec-
ommendations of the report, or the most recent up-
dated report submitted under paragraph (2)(B), as 
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applicable, taking into consideration any issues and 
recommendations identified by the task force estab-
lished under subsection (e)(1). 
(2) REVISION.—After completing each evaluation 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— 
(A) revise the report as necessary; and 
(B) if the Secretary revises the report under 
subparagraph (A), submit and publish the up-
dated report in accordance with subsection (c). 
(e) TASK FORCE.— 
(1) ESTABLISHMENT
AND
DUTIES.—Not later 
than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall establish a task force— 
(A) to identify barriers to advancement of 
carbon dioxide removal methods and the deploy-
ment of carbon dioxide removal projects; 
(B) to inventory existing or potential Fed-
eral legislation, rules, revisions to rules, financ-
ing mechanisms, or other policy tools that are 
capable of advancing carbon dioxide removal 
methods and the deployment of carbon dioxide 
removal projects; 
(C) to assist in preparing the report de-
scribed in subsection (b) and any updates to the 
report under subsection (d); and 
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(D) to advise the Secretary on matters per-
taining to carbon dioxide removal. 
(2) MEMBERS AND SELECTION.—The Secretary 
shall— 
(A) develop criteria for the selection of 
members to the task force established under para-
graph (1); and 
(B) select members for the task force in ac-
cordance with the criteria developed under sub-
paragraph (A). 
(3) MEETINGS.—The task force shall meet not 
less frequently than once each year. 
(4) EVALUATION.—Not later than 7 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall— 
(A) reevaluate the need for the task force es-
tablished under paragraph (1); and 
(B) submit to Congress a recommendation 
as to whether the task force should continue. 
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TITLE 
VI—INDUSTRIAL 
AND 
MANUFACTURING 
TECH-
NOLOGIES 
SEC. 6001. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this title and the amendments made 
by this title is to encourage the development and evaluation 
of innovative technologies aimed at increasing— 
(1) the technological and economic competitive-
ness of industry and manufacturing in the United 
States; and 
(2) the emissions reduction of nonpower indus-
trial sectors. 
SEC. 6002. COORDINATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 
FOR INDUSTRY. 
Section 6(a) of the American Energy Manufacturing 
Technical Corrections Act (42 U.S.C. 6351(a)) is amend-
ed— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Industrial Technologies Pro-
gram’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Advanced 
Manufacturing Office’’; and 
(2) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘Office of Energy’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘Office of Science’’ and inserting ‘‘Depart-
ment of Energy’’. 
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SEC. 6003. INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION TECH-
NOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 454. INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION TECH-
NOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Pol-
icy. 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘eligible enti-
ty’ means— 
‘‘(A) a scientist or other individual with 
knowledge and expertise in emissions reduction; 
‘‘(B) an institution of higher education; 
‘‘(C) a nongovernmental organization; 
‘‘(D) a National Laboratory; 
‘‘(E) a private entity; and 
‘‘(F) a partnership or consortium of 2 or 
more entities described in subparagraphs (B) 
through (E). 
‘‘(3) EMISSIONS REDUCTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘emissions re-
duction’ means the reduction, to the maximum 
extent practicable, of net nonwater greenhouse 
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gas emissions to the atmosphere by energy serv-
ices and industrial processes. 
‘‘(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘emissions re-
duction’ does not include the elimination of car-
bon embodied in the principal products of indus-
trial manufacturing. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the 
program established under subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(5) CRITICAL
MATERIAL
OR
MINERAL.—The 
term ‘critical material or mineral’ means a material 
or mineral that serves an essential function in the 
manufacturing of a product and has a high risk of 
a supply disruption, such that a shortage of such a 
material or mineral would have significant con-
sequences for United States economic or national se-
curity. 
‘‘(b) INDUSTRIAL
EMISSIONS
REDUCTION
TECH-
NOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the 
Secretary, in consultation with the Director, the 
heads of relevant Federal agencies, National Labora-
tories, industry, and institutions of higher education, 
shall establish a crosscutting industrial emissions re-
duction technology development program of research, 
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development, demonstration, and commercial applica-
tion to advance innovative technologies that— 
‘‘(A) increase the technological and eco-
nomic competitiveness of industry and manufac-
turing in the United States; 
‘‘(B) increase the viability and competitive-
ness of United States industrial technology ex-
ports; and 
‘‘(C) 
achieve 
emissions 
reduction 
in 
nonpower industrial sectors. 
‘‘(2) COORDINATION.—In carrying out the pro-
gram, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(A) coordinate with each relevant office in 
the Department and any other Federal agency; 
‘‘(B) coordinate and collaborate with the In-
dustrial Technology Innovation Advisory Com-
mittee established under section 456; and 
‘‘(C) coordinate and seek to avoid duplica-
tion with the energy-intensive industries pro-
gram established under section 452. 
‘‘(3) LEVERAGE OF EXISTING RESOURCES.—In 
carrying out the program, the Secretary shall lever-
age, to the maximum extent practicable— 
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‘‘(A) existing resources and programs of the 
Department and other relevant Federal agencies; 
and 
‘‘(B) public-private partnerships. 
‘‘(c) FOCUS AREAS.—The program shall focus on— 
‘‘(1) industrial production processes, including 
technologies and processes that— 
‘‘(A) achieve emissions reduction in high 
emissions industrial materials production proc-
esses, including production processes for iron, 
steel, steel mill products, aluminum, cement, con-
crete, glass, pulp, paper, and industrial ceram-
ics; 
‘‘(B) 
achieve 
emissions 
reduction 
in 
medium- and high-temperature heat generation, 
including— 
‘‘(i) through electrification of heating 
processes; 
‘‘(ii) through renewable heat generation 
technology; 
‘‘(iii) through combined heat and 
power; and 
‘‘(iv) by switching to alternative fuels, 
including hydrogen and nuclear energy; 
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while conserving energy and resources, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(i) by designing products that enable 
reuse, refurbishment, remanufacturing, and 
recycling; 
‘‘(ii) by minimizing waste from indus-
trial processes, including through the reuse 
of waste as other resources in other indus-
trial processes for mutual benefit; and 
‘‘(iii) by increasing resource efficiency; 
and 
‘‘(F) increase the energy efficiency of indus-
trial processes; 
‘‘(2) alternative materials that produce fewer 
emissions during production and result in fewer emis-
sions during use, including— 
‘‘(A) high-performance lightweight mate-
rials; and 
‘‘(B) substitutions for critical materials and 
minerals; 
‘‘(3) development of net-zero emissions liquid 
and gaseous fuels; 
‘‘(4) emissions reduction in shipping, aviation, 
and long distance transportation; 
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‘‘(5) carbon capture technologies for industrial 
processes; 
‘‘(6) other technologies that achieve net-zero 
emissions in nonpower industrial sectors, as deter-
mined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Di-
rector; and 
‘‘(7) high-performance computing to develop ad-
vanced materials and manufacturing processes con-
tributing to the focus areas described in paragraphs 
(1) through (6), including— 
‘‘(A) modeling, simulation, and optimiza-
tion of the design of energy efficient and sustain-
able products; and 
‘‘(B) the use of digital prototyping and ad-
ditive manufacturing to enhance product design. 
‘‘(8) incorporation of sustainable chemistry and 
engineering principles, practices, and methodologies, 
as the Secretary determines appropriate; and 
‘‘(9) other research or technology areas identified 
in the Strategic Plan authorized in section 455. 
‘‘(d) GRANTS, CONTRACTS, COOPERATIVE
AGREE-
MENTS, AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.— 
‘‘(1) GRANTS.—In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall award grants on a competitive basis 
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to eligible entities for projects that the Secretary de-
termines would best achieve the goals of the program. 
‘‘(2) CONTRACTS
AND
COOPERATIVE
AGREE-
MENTS.—In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
may enter into contracts and cooperative agreements 
with eligible entities and Federal agencies for projects 
that the Secretary determines would further the pur-
poses of the program. 
‘‘(3) 
DEMONSTRATION
PROJECTS.—In 
sup-
porting technologies developed under this section, the 
Secretary shall fund demonstration projects that test 
and validate technologies described in subsection (c). 
‘‘(4) APPLICATION.—An entity seeking funding 
or a contract or agreement under this subsection shall 
submit to the Secretary an application at such time, 
in such manner, and containing such information as 
the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(5) COST SHARING.—In awarding funds under 
this section, the Secretary shall require cost sharing 
in accordance with section 988 of the Energy Policy 
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352). 
‘‘(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
the demonstration projects authorized in subsection 
(d)(3)— 
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‘‘(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(2) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(3) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(4) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and 
‘‘(5) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(f) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall carry out 
the activities authorized in this section in accordance with 
section 203 of the Department of Energy Research and In-
novation Act (42 U.S.C. 18631).’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of 
the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Public 
Law 110–140; 121 Stat. 1494) is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 453 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 454. Industrial emissions reduction technology development program.’’. 
SEC. 6004. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ADVI-
SORY COMMITTEE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle D of title IV of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007, as amended by sec-
tion 6003, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 455. INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ADVI-
SORY COMMITTEE. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) COMMITTEE.—The term ‘Committee’ means 
the Industrial Technology Innovation Advisory Com-
mittee established under subsection (b). 
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‘‘(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Pol-
icy. 
‘‘(3) EMISSIONS REDUCTION.—The term ‘emis-
sions reduction’ has the meaning given the term in 
section 454(a). 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘program’ means the 
industrial emissions reduction technology development 
program established under section 454(b)(1). 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Sec-
retary, in consultation with the Director, shall establish an 
advisory committee, to be known as the ‘Industrial Tech-
nology Innovation Advisory Committee’. 
‘‘(c) MEMBERSHIP.— 
‘‘(1) APPOINTMENT.—The Committee shall be 
comprised of not fewer than 16 members and not 
more than 20 members, who shall be appointed by the 
Secretary, in consultation with the Director. 
‘‘(2) 
REPRESENTATION.—Members 
appointed 
pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include— 
‘‘(A) not less than 1 representative of each 
relevant Federal agency, as determined by the 
Secretary; 
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‘‘(B) the Chair of the Secretary of Energy 
Advisory Board, if that position is filled; 
‘‘(C) not less than 2 representatives of labor 
groups; 
‘‘(D) not less than 3 representatives of the 
research community, which shall include aca-
demia and National Laboratories; 
‘‘(E) not less than 2 representatives of non-
governmental organizations; 
‘‘(F) not less than 6 representatives of 
small- and large-scale industry, the collective ex-
pertise of which shall cover every focus area de-
scribed in section 454(c); and 
‘‘(F) not less than 1 representative of a 
State government; and 
‘‘(G) any other individuals the Secretary, 
in coordination with the Director, determines to 
be necessary to ensure that the Committee is 
comprised of a diverse group of representatives of 
industry, academia, independent researchers, 
and public and private entities. 
‘‘(3) CHAIR.—The Secretary shall designate a 
member of the Committee to serve as Chair. 
‘‘(d) DUTIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Committee shall— 
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