civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in 
an appropriate district court of the United States 
to— 
(A) enjoin any further such violation by 
such person; 
(B) enforce compliance with this Act, in-
cluding through deletion of the relevant infor-
mation; 
(C) obtain a permanent, temporary, or pre-
liminary injunction; 
(D) obtain civil penalties; 
(E) obtain damages (whether actual, puni-
tive, or otherwise), restitution, disgorgement of 
unjust enrichment, or other compensation on 
behalf of aggrieved persons; or 
(F) obtain any other appropriate equitable 
relief. 
(2) NOTICE.—Before filing an action under 
paragraph (1), the attorney general, official, or 
agency of the State involved shall provide to the 
Commission a written notice of such action and a 
copy of the complaint for such action. If the attor-
ney general, official, or agency determines that it is 
not feasible to provide the notice described in this 
paragraph before the filing of the action, the attor-
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ney general, official, or agency shall provide written 
notice of the action and a copy of the complaint to 
the Commission immediately upon the filing of the 
action. 
(3) LIMITATION ON STATE ACTION WHILE FED-
ERAL ACTION IS PENDING.—If the Commission has 
instituted a civil action for a violation of section 2, 
no State attorney general, or official or agency of a 
State, may bring an action under this paragraph 
during the pendency of that action against any de-
fendant named in the complaint of the Commission 
for any violation of section 2 alleged in the com-
plaint. 
(4) RELATIONSHIP WITH STATE-LAW CLAIMS.— 
If the attorney general of a State has authority to 
bring an action under State law directed at acts or 
practices that also violate section 2, the attorney 
general may assert the State-law claim and a claim 
under section 2 in the same civil action. 
(5) INVESTIGATORY POWERS.—Nothing in this 
subsection may be construed to prevent the attorney 
general of a State from exercising the powers con-
ferred on the attorney general by the laws of the 
State to conduct investigations, to administer oaths 
or affirmations, or to compel the attendance of wit-
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nesses or the production of documentary or other 
evidence. 
(c) PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT.—Any person whose in-
terest has been or is threatened or adversely affected by 
the engagement of any data broker subject to section 2 
in a practice that violates such section may bring a civil 
action in an appropriate district court of the United States 
to— 
(1) enjoin any further such violation by such 
person; 
(2) enforce compliance with this Act, including 
through deletion of the relevant information; 
(3) obtain a permanent, temporary, or prelimi-
nary injunction; 
(4) obtain damages (whether actual, punitive, 
or otherwise), restitution, or other compensation; 
(5) obtain reasonable attorney’s fees, including 
litigation expenses, and costs; or 
(6) obtain any other appropriate equitable re-
lief. 
(d) CIVIL PENALTIES.—In addition to any other pen-
alties as may be prescribed by law, a violation of this Act 
shall carry a civil penalty not to exceed 15 percent of the 
revenues earned by the person’s ultimate parent entity 
during the preceding 12-month period. 
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(e) EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION.— 
(1) DISTRICT COURTS.—For any action brought 
under this Act, the following district courts shall 
have exclusive jurisdiction: 
(A) For actions brought by the Commis-
sion, the United States District Court for the 
District of Columbia. 
(B) For actions brought by a State attor-
ney general, the district court of the United 
States for the judicial district in which the cap-
ital of the State is located. 
(C) For private actions brought by per-
sons— 
(i) the United States District Court 
for the District of Columbia; or 
(ii) the district court of the United 
States for the judicial district in which the 
violation took place or in which any de-
fendant resides or does business. 
(2) COURT OF APPEALS.—The United States 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Cir-
cuit shall have exclusive jurisdiction of appeals from 
all decisions under paragraph (1). 
(f) STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.—A proceeding for a 
violation of this Act may be commenced not later than 
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6 years after the date upon which the plaintiff obtains ac-
tual knowledge of the facts giving rise to such violation. 
(g) PREEMPTION.—The provisions of this Act pre-
empt only the provisions of State or local law that require 
disclosure prohibited by this Act. 
SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) COMMISSION.—The term ‘‘Commission’’ 
means the Federal Trade Commission. 
(2) DATA.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Commission shall adopt rules in accordance 
with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, 
to define the term ‘‘data’’ for the purpose of 
implementing and enforcing this Act. 
(B) REQUIREMENT.—The term ‘‘data’’ 
shall include information that is linked, or rea-
sonably linkable, to— 
(i) specific individuals; or 
(ii) specific groups of individuals who 
share the same place of residence or inter-
net protocol address. 
(3) DATA BROKER.—The term ‘‘data broker’’ 
means a person that collects, buys, licenses, or infers 
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data about individuals and then sells, licenses, or 
trades that data. 
(4) HEALTH DATA.—The term ‘‘health data’’ 
means data that reveal or describe— 
(A) the search for, attempt to obtain, or 
receipt of any health services; 
(B) any past, present, or future disability, 
physical health condition, mental health condi-
tion, or health condition of an individual, in-
cluding, but not limited to, pregnancy and mis-
carriage; or 
(C) any treatment or diagnosis of a dis-
ability or condition described in subparagraph 
(B). 
(5) LOCATION
DATA.—The term ‘‘location 
data’’ means data capable of determining the past or 
present physical location of an individual or an indi-
vidual’s device. 
(6) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, each 
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 
States, and each federally recognized Indian Tribe. 
(7) ULTIMATE PARENT ENTITY.—The term ‘‘ul-
timate parent entity’’ has the meaning given the 
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term in section 801.1 of title 16, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulation). 
SEC. 5. FUNDING. 
In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is 
appropriated to the Commission for fiscal year 2025, out 
of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
$1,000,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 
2034, for carrying out the work of the Commission. 
Æ 
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