IV 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. CON. RES. 97 
Recognizing the significance of equal pay and the disparity between wages 
paid to men and women. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 12, 2024 
Ms. LOIS FRANKEL of Florida (for herself, Ms. DELAURO, Ms. WILLIAMS of 
Georgia, Ms. LEGER FERNANDEZ, Ms. ADAMS, Mr. ALLRED, Mr. AMO, 
Ms. BALINT, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Mrs. BEATTY, Mr. BEYER, Mr. BISHOP of 
Georgia, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Ms. BLUNT ROCHESTER, Ms. BONAMICI, 
Mr. BOWMAN, Mr. BOYLE of Pennsylvania, Ms. BROWN, Ms. BROWNLEY, 
Ms. BUDZINSKI, Ms. BUSH, Ms. CARAVEO, Mr. CARBAJAL, Mr. 
CA´RDENAS, Mr. CARSON, Mr. CARTER of Louisiana, Mr. CARTWRIGHT, 
Mr. CASE, Ms. CASTOR of Florida, Mr. CASTRO of Texas, Ms. CHU, Ms. 
CLARKE of New York, Mr. CLEAVER, Mr. COSTA, Ms. CROCKETT, Mr. 
DAVIS of Illinois, Ms. DEAN of Pennsylvania, Ms. DEGETTE, Ms. 
DELBENE, Mr. DELUZIO, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mrs. DINGELL, Ms. 
ESCOBAR, Mr. ESPAILLAT, Mr. EVANS, Mr. FOSTER, Mr. FROST, Mr. 
GARAMENDI, Mr. GARCI´A of Illinois, Ms. GARCIA of Texas, Mr. GOLDMAN 
of New York, Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. VICENTE GONZALEZ of Texas, Mr. 
GOTTHEIMER, Mr. GREEN of Texas, Mr. GRIJALVA, Mrs. HAYES, Mr. 
HORSFORD, Ms. HOULAHAN, Ms. HOYLE of Oregon, Mr. IVEY, Ms. 
JACKSON LEE, Mr. JACKSON of North Carolina, Mr. JACKSON of Illinois, 
Ms. JACOBS, Ms. JAYAPAL, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, Ms. KAMLAGER- 
DOVE, Ms. KAPTUR, Mr. KEATING, Ms. KELLY of Illinois, Mr. KHANNA, 
Mr. 
KILDEE, 
Mr. 
KILMER, 
Mr. 
KIM
of 
New 
Jersey, 
Mr. 
KRISHNAMOORTHI, Ms. KUSTER, Mr. LARSON of Connecticut, Ms. LEE 
of California, Ms. LEE of Pennsylvania, Ms. LEE of Nevada, Mr. LIEU, 
Ms. LOFGREN, Mr. LYNCH, Mr. MAGAZINER, Ms. MATSUI, Ms. MCCLEL-
LAN, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. MENENDEZ, Ms. MENG, Ms. 
MOORE of Wisconsin, Mr. MORELLE, Mr. MOSKOWITZ, Mr. MOULTON, 
Mr. MULLIN, Mr. NADLER, Mrs. NAPOLITANO, Mr. NEAL, Ms. NORTON, 
Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ, Ms. OMAR, Mr. PALLONE, Mr. PANETTA, Mr. 
PAPPAS, Mr. PAYNE, Ms. PELOSI, Mr. PETERS, Ms. PETTERSEN, Mr. 
PHILLIPS, Ms. PINGREE, Mr. POCAN, Ms. PRESSLEY, Mr. QUIGLEY, Mrs. 
RAMIREZ, Mr. RASKIN, Ms. ROSS, Mr. RYAN, Mr. SABLAN, Ms. SALINAS, 
Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. SARBANES, Ms. SCANLON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. 
SCHIFF, Mr. SCHNEIDER, Mr. SCOTT of Virginia, Ms. SEWELL, Ms. 
SHERRILL, Mr. SMITH of Washington, Mr. SOTO, Ms. STANSBURY, Mr. 
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•HCON 97 IH 
STANTON, Ms. STEVENS, Ms. STRICKLAND, Mr. SWALWELL, Mrs. SYKES, 
Mr. TAKANO, Mr. THANEDAR, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, Ms. TITUS, 
Ms. TOKUDA, Mr. TONKO, Mrs. TORRES of California, Mrs. TRAHAN, Mr. 
TRONE, Mr. VARGAS, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Mrs. 
WATSON COLEMAN, Ms. WEXTON, Ms. WILD, Ms. WILSON of Florida, 
Mr. DAVIS of North Carolina, and Mr. CONNOLLY) submitted the fol-
lowing concurrent resolution; which was referred to the Committee on 
Education and the Workforce 
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 
Recognizing the significance of equal pay and the disparity 
between wages paid to men and women. 
Whereas section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 
1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(d)) prohibits discrimination in com-
pensation for equal work on the basis of sex; 
Whereas title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 
2000e et seq.) prohibits discrimination in compensation 
because of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex; 
Whereas, more than 6 decades after the passage of the Equal 
Pay Act of 1963 (29 U.S.C. 206 note), Census Bureau 
data show that women working full time, year round are 
paid an average of 84 cents for every dollar paid to all 
men, while Latinas are paid 57 cents, American Indian 
and Alaska Native women are paid 59 cents, Native Ha-
waiian and Pacific Islander women are paid 66 cents, Af-
rican-American women are paid 69 cents, White, non- 
Hispanic women are paid 80 cents, and Asian-American 
women are paid 99 cents, for every dollar paid to White, 
non-Hispanic men; 
Whereas March 12, 2024, is Equal Pay Day, marking the 
day that symbolizes how long into 2024 women must 
work to make what men were paid in 2023; 
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•HCON 97 IH 
Whereas April 3, 2024, is observed as Asian American, Na-
tive Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Women’s Equal Pay 
Day; July 9, 2024, is observed as Black Women’s Equal 
Pay Day; August 28, 2024, is observed as Native Hawai-
ian Pacific Islander Women’s Equal Pay Day; October 3, 
2024, is observed as Latinas’ Equal Pay Day; and No-
vember 21, 2024, is observed as Native Women’s Equal 
Pay Day; 
Whereas LGBTQI+ women and women with disabilities may 
face further pay disparities; 
Whereas, if current trends continue, Asian women are pro-
jected to close the gender pay gap for all workers, includ-
ing part-time, full-time, and seasonal workers, in 23 
years, White women in 43 years, Black women in 121 
years, and Latinas in 187 years; 
Whereas the disparity in median annual earnings for women 
and men working full time, year round is $9,990, which 
can add up to nearly $400,000 over a career; 
Whereas women’s median earnings are less than men’s at 
every level of academic achievement, with women with 
less than a high school diploma earning 72 percent of 
men’s earnings, and women with a professional degree 
earning 73 percent of men’s earnings at the same level 
of education; 
Whereas women are often paid less than men with lower lev-
els of education, with women with associate’s degrees 
paid less than men with a high school diploma, and 
women with master’s degrees paid less than men with 
bachelor’s degrees; 
Whereas, in the United States, mothers working full time 
typically are paid 75 percent of what fathers are paid; 
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•HCON 97 IH 
Whereas the gender wage gap collectively costs women em-
ployed full time in the United States more than 
$965,000,000,000 in annual lost wages, so that families 
have less money to spend on goods and services that help 
drive economic growth; 
Whereas, if the annual gender wage gap were eliminated for 
just 1 year, on average, a working woman in the United 
States would have enough money for approximately 11 
months of childcare, nearly 8 additional months of rent, 
more than 5 additional months of mortgage and utilities 
payments, 2 semesters of tuition and fees for a 4-year 
public university or the full cost of tuition and fees for 
attending a 2-year college, more than 6 additional 
months of premiums for employer-based health insurance, 
more than 55 weeks of food, or enough money to pay off 
student loan debt in just under 5 years; 
Whereas women hold nearly two-thirds of the Nation’s out-
standing 
student 
loan 
debt, 
totaling 
over 
$929,000,000,000, and are less likely to be able to pay 
off their student loan debt promptly due to wage dispari-
ties; 
Whereas the wage gap impacts women’s ability to save for re-
tirement and women’s total Social Security and pension 
benefits, and older women are more likely than men to 
live in poverty; 
Whereas sex-based wage differentials reduce family incomes 
and contribute to the higher poverty rates among women 
and their families; 
Whereas a wage gap exists in nearly every occupational field, 
but opening traditionally male-dominated jobs to women 
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•HCON 97 IH 
and reducing occupational segregation by sex increases 
earnings for women; 
Whereas nearly two-thirds of workers paid the minimum 
wage or less are women, and the concentration of women 
in low-wage jobs is a significant contributor to the wage 
gap; 
Whereas the gender wage gap between union women and men 
is about two-thirds the size of the wage gap between non-
union women and men, and women union members typi-
cally earn $191 more per week than women who are not 
represented by unions; 
Whereas two-thirds of private sector workers report that em-
ployers either prohibit or discourage them from dis-
cussing their pay, which can keep the existence of pay 
discrimination hidden and prevent remedying that dis-
crimination; 
Whereas the lack of family friendly policies, such as access 
to affordable, quality childcare, paid family and medical 
leave, paid sick days, and fair and predictable work 
schedules, forces many caregivers to choose between pro-
viding for their families financially and ensuring their 
loved ones receive quality care, and contributes to the 
wage gap; 
Whereas 1 in 3 women have been on the receiving end of sex-
ual harassment during their careers, and an estimated 87 
to 94 percent of those who experience sexual harassment 
never file a formal complaint; 
Whereas workplace harassment forces many women to leave 
their occupation or industry, or pass up opportunities for 
advancement, and this contributes to the gender wage 
gap; 
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•HCON 97 IH 
Whereas equal pay strengthens the economic security of fami-
lies and enhances retirement savings; 
Whereas, when women are paid fairly, families are stronger, 
businesses prosper, and American values and the econ-
omy are strengthened; 
Whereas, if women in the United States received equal pay 
comparable with men, poverty for working women would 
be reduced by more than 40 percent, and the economy 
would add $541,000,000,000 in wage and salary income 
annually; and 
Whereas numerous national organizations have designated 
Tuesday, March 12, 2024, as ‘‘Equal Pay Day’’ to rep-
resent the additional time that women must work to com-
pensate for the average 16-percent lower wages paid to 
women working full time, year round last year: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate 
concurring), That Congress— 
(1) recognizes the disparity between wages paid 
to women and men and its impact on women, fami-
lies, and the Nation; and 
(2) reaffirms its commitment to supporting 
equal pay and to narrowing the gender wage gap. 
Æ 
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