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SEC. 302. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. 
(a) APPOINTMENT.—The Corporation shall be head-
ed by an individual who shall serve as Chief Executive Of-
ficer of the Corporation, who shall be appointed by the 
President, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate. 
(b) COMPENSATION AND RANK.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Executive Officer 
shall be compensated at the rate provided for level 
II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of 
title 5, United States Code, and shall have the equiv-
alent rank of Deputy Secretary. 
(2) AMENDMENT.—Section 5313 of title 5, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘Chief Executive Officer, Millennium Challenge 
Corporation.’’. 
(c) AUTHORITIES AND DUTIES.—The Chief Execu-
tive Officer shall exercise the powers and discharge the 
duties of the Corporation and any other duties, as con-
ferred on the Chief Executive Officer by the President. 
(d) AUTHORITY TO APPOINT OFFICERS.—The Chief 
Executive Officer shall appoint all officers of the Corpora-
tion.
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SEC. 303. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be in the Corporation 
a Board of Directors. 
(b) DUTIES.—The Board may prescribe, amend, and 
repeal bylaws, rules, regulations, and procedures gov-
erning the manner in which the business of the Corpora-
tion may be conducted and in which the powers granted 
to it by law may be exercised. 
(c) MEMBERSHIP.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Board shall consist of—
(A) the Secretary of State, the Secretary 
of Treasury, the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, 
the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, 
and the United States Trade Representative; 
and 
(B) four other individuals who shall be ap-
pointed by the President, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the Senate, of which—
(i) one individual shall be appointed 
from among a list of individuals submitted 
by the majority leader of the House of 
Representatives; 
(ii) one individual shall be appointed 
from among a list of individuals submitted
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by the minority leader of the House of 
Representatives; 
(iii) one individual shall be appointed 
from among a list of individuals submitted 
by the majority leader of the Senate; and 
(iv) one individual shall be appointed 
from among a list of individuals submitted 
by the minority leader of the Senate. 
(2) EX-OFFICIO
MEMBERS.—In addition to 
members of the Board described in paragraph (1), 
the Director of the Office of Management and Budg-
et, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the 
Overseas Private Investment Corporation, the Direc-
tor of the Trade and Development Agency, and the 
Director of the Peace Corps shall be non-voting 
members, ex officio, of the Board. 
(d) TERMS.—
(1) OFFICERS
OF
FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT.—
Each member of the Board described in paragraphs 
(1)(A) and (2) of subsection (c) shall serve for a 
term that is concurrent with the term of service of 
the individual’s position as an officer within the 
other Federal department or agency. 
(2) OTHER MEMBERS.—Each member of the 
Board described in subsection (c)(1)(B) shall be ap-
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pointed for a term of 3 years and may be re-
appointed for a term of an additional 2 years. 
(3) VACANCIES.—A vacancy in the Board shall 
be filled in the manner in which the original appoint-
ment was made. 
(e) CHAIRPERSON.—The Secretary of State shall 
serve as the Chairperson of the Board. 
(f) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of the 
Board shall constitute a quorum, which shall include at 
least one member of the Board described in subsection 
(c)(1)(B). 
(g) MEETINGS.—The Board shall meet at the call of 
the Chairperson. 
(h) COMPENSATION.—
(1) OFFICERS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—A member of the Board 
described in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2) of sub-
section (c) may not receive additional pay, al-
lowances, or benefits by reason of their service 
on the Board. 
(B) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Each such mem-
ber of the Board shall receive travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in ac-
cordance with applicable provisions under sub-
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chapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United States 
Code. 
(2) OTHER MEMBERS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in 
paragraph (2), a member of the Board de-
scribed in subsection (c)(1)(B)—
(i) shall be paid compensation out of 
funds made available for the purposes of 
this title at the daily equivalent of the 
highest rate payable under section 5332 of 
title 5, United States Code, for each day 
(including travel time) during which the 
member is engaged in the actual perform-
ance of duties as a member of the Board; 
and 
(ii) while away from the member’s 
home or regular place of business on nec-
essary travel, as determined by the Chief 
Executive Officer, in the actual perform-
ance of duties as a member of the Board, 
shall be paid per diem, travel, and trans-
portation expenses in the same manner as 
is provided under subchapter I of chapter 
57 of title 5, United States Code.
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(B) LIMITATION.—A member of the Coun-
cil may not be paid compensation under sub-
paragraph (A)(i) for more than thirty days in 
any calendar year. 
SEC. 304. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION. 
In carrying out the functions described in this title, 
and consistent with section 101 of the National Security 
Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 402), the President shall ensure 
coordination of assistance authorized under title II with 
foreign economic assistance programs and activities car-
ried out by other Federal departments and agencies. 
SEC. 305. POWERS OF THE CORPORATION; RELATED PROVI-
SIONS. 
(a) POWERS.—The Corporation—
(1) may adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal, 
which shall be judicially noticed; 
(2) may prescribe, amend, and repeal such 
rules, regulations, and procedures as are necessary 
for carrying out the functions of the Corporation 
and all Compacts; 
(3) may make and perform such contracts, 
grants, and other agreements with any individual, 
corporation, or other private or public entity, how-
ever designated and wherever situated, as may be
HR 1950 PCS 
necessary for carrying out the functions of the Cor-
poration; 
(4) may determine and prescribe the manner in 
which its obligations shall be incurred and its ex-
penses allowed and paid, including expenses for rep-
resentation not exceeding $95,000 in any fiscal year; 
(5) may lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire, 
own, hold, improve, use or otherwise deal in and 
with such property (real, personal, or mixed) or any 
interest therein, wherever situated, as may be nec-
essary for carrying out the functions of the Corpora-
tion; 
(6) may accept gifts or donations of services or 
of property (real, personal, or mixed), tangible or in-
tangible, in furtherance of the purposes of this divi-
sion; 
(7) may hire or obtain passenger motor vehi-
cles; 
(8) may use the United States mails in the 
same manner and on the same conditions as the Ex-
ecutive departments (as defined in section 101 of 
title 5, United States Code); 
(9) may, with the consent of any Executive 
agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5, United 
States Code), use the information, services, facilities,
HR 1950 PCS 
and personnel of that agency on a full or partial re-
imbursement in carrying out the purposes of this di-
vision; and 
(10) may sue and be sued, complain, and de-
fend, in its corporate name in any court of com-
petent jurisdiction. 
(b) OFFICES.—
(1) PRINCIPAL OFFICE.—The Corporation shall 
maintain its principal office in the metropolitan area 
of Washington, District of Columbia. 
(2) OTHER OFFICES.—The Corporation may es-
tablish other offices in any place or places outside 
the United States in which the Corporation may 
carry out any or all of its operations and business. 
(c) COOPERATION WITH OTHER FEDERAL DEPART-
MENTS AND AGENCIES.—In order to avoid unnecessary 
expense and duplication of functions, efforts, and activities 
between the Corporation and other Federal departments 
and agencies the Chief Executive Officer, or the Chief Ex-
ecutive Officer’s designee—
(1)(A) shall consult, to the maximum extent 
practicable, with the Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, or the 
Administrator’s designee, in order to coordinate the
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activities of the Corporation and the Agency for 
International Development; and 
(B) shall consult with the heads of other de-
partments and agencies to ensure similar coordina-
tion of activities; 
(2)(A) shall ensure proper coordination of ac-
tivities of the Corporation with the provision of de-
velopment assistance of relevant international finan-
cial institutions, including the International Bank 
for Reconstruction and Development, the Inter-
national Monetary Fund, and the regional multilat-
eral development banks; and 
(B) shall provide to each United States Execu-
tive Director (or other United States representative) 
to the relevant international financial institutions a 
copy of each proposed Compact between the United 
States and an eligible country and a copy of each 
such final Compact. 
(d) POSITIONS
WITH FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.—
When approved by the Corporation, in furtherance of its 
purposes, employees of the Corporation (including individ-
uals detailed to the Corporation) may accept and hold of-
fices or positions to which no compensation is attached 
with governments or governmental agencies of foreign 
countries or with international organizations.
HR 1950 PCS 
SEC. 306. TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF THE 
CORPORATION. 
The Corporation and its officers and employees shall 
be subject to the provisions of section 552 of title 5, 
United States Code (relating to freedom of information). 
SEC. 307. DETAIL OF PERSONNEL TO THE CORPORATION; 
OTHER AUTHORITIES AND LIMITATIONS. 
(a) DETAIL OF PERSONNEL.—Upon request of the 
Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, the head of 
an agency may detail any employee of such agency to the 
Corporation on a fully or partially reimbursable basis. Any 
employee so detailed remains, for the purpose of pre-
serving such employee’s allowances, privileges, rights, se-
niority, and other benefits, an employee of the agency 
from which detailed. 
(b) LIMITATION ON TOTAL SERVICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), no individual may serve in or under the 
Corporation (whether as an employee of the Cor-
poration, a detailee to the Corporation, or a com-
bination thereof) for a total period exceeding 5 
years. 
(2) EXCEPTIONS.—
(A) EXTENSION
AUTHORITY.—The Chief 
Executive Officer may extend the 5-year period 
under paragraph (1) for up to an additional 3
HR 1950 PCS 
years, in the case of any particular individual, 
if the Chief Executive Officer determines that 
such extension is essential to the achievement of 
the purposes of this division. 
(B) OFFICERS.—Nothing in this sub-
section shall limit the period for which an indi-
vidual may serve as an officer of the Corpora-
tion appointed pursuant to section 302(d) nor 
shall any period of service as such an officer be 
taken into account for purposes of applying this 
subsection. 
(c) REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—An employee of an agency 
who is serving under a career or career conditional 
appointment (or the equivalent), and who, with the 
consent of the head of such agency, transfers to the 
Corporation, is entitled to be reemployed in such em-
ployee’s former position or a position of like senior-
ity, status, and pay in such agency, if such em-
ployee—
(A) is separated from the Corporation—
(i) by reason of the application of sub-
section (b); or
HR 1950 PCS 
(ii) for any other reason, other than 
misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfea-
sance; and 
(B) applies for reemployment not later 
than 90 days after the date of separation from 
the Corporation. 
(2) SPECIFIC RIGHTS.—An employee who satis-
fies paragraph (1) is entitled to be reemployed (in 
accordance with such paragraph) within 30 days 
after applying for reemployment and, on reemploy-
ment, is entitled to at least the rate of basic pay to 
which such employee would have been entitled had 
such employee never transferred. 
(d) BASIC PAY.—The Chief Executive Officer may fix 
the rate of basic pay of employees of the Corporation with-
out regard to the provisions of—
(1) chapter 51 of title 5, United States Code 
(relating to the classification of positions), and 
(2) subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title 
(relating to General Schedule pay rates), 
except that no employee of the Corporation may receive 
a rate of basic pay that exceeds the rate for level II of 
the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of such title. 
(e) ASSIGNMENT TO UNITED STATES EMBASSIES.—
An employee of the Corporation, including an individual
HR 1950 PCS 
detailed to or contracted by the Corporation, may be as-
signed to a United States diplomatic mission or consular 
post, or United States Agency for International Develop-
ment field mission. 
(f) PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES.—The Secretary of 
State shall seek to ensure that an employee of the Cor-
poration, including an individual detailed to or contracted 
by the Corporation, and the members of the family of such 
employee, while the employee is performing duties in any 
country or place outside the United States, enjoy the privi-
leges and immunities that are enjoyed by a member of 
the Foreign Service, or the family of a member of the For-
eign Service, as appropriate, of comparable rank and sal-
ary of such employee, if such employee or a member of 
the family of such employee is not a national of or perma-
nently resident in such country or place. 
(g) RESPONSIBILITY OF CHIEF OF MISSION.—An 
employee of the Corporation, including an individual de-
tailed to or contracted by the Corporation, and a member 
of the family of such employee, shall be subject to section 
207 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3927) 
in the same manner as United States Government employ-
ees while the employee is performing duties in any country 
or place outside the United States if such employee or
HR 1950 PCS 
member of the family of such employee is not a national 
of or permanently resident in such country or place. 
(h) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Corporation may allo-
cate or transfer to the United States Agency for 
International Development or any other agency any 
part of any funds available for carrying out the pur-
poses of this division. Such funds shall be available 
for obligation and expenditure for the purposes for 
which authorized, in accordance with authority 
granted in this title or under authority governing the 
activities of the agencies of the United States Gov-
ernment to which such funds are allocated or trans-
ferred. 
(2) 
CONGRESSIONAL
NOTIFICATION.—The 
Chief Executive Officer shall notify the appropriate 
congressional committees not later than 15 days 
prior to a transfer of funds under paragraph (1) 
that exceeds $5,000,000. 
(3) USE OF SERVICES.—For carrying out the 
purposes of this division, the Corporation may utilize 
the services and facilities of, or procure commodities 
from, any agency under such terms and conditions 
as may be agreed to by the head of the agency and 
the Corporation.
HR 1950 PCS 
(i) FUNDING LIMITATION.—Of the funds allocated 
under subsection (h) in any fiscal year, not more than 7 
percent of such funds may be used for administrative ex-
penses. 
(j) OTHER AUTHORITIES.—Except to the extent in-
consistent with the provisions of this division, the adminis-
trative authorities under chapters 1 and 2 of part III of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall apply to the pro-
vision of assistance under this division to the same extent 
and in the same manner as such authorities apply to the 
provision of economic assistance under part I of such Act. 
(k) APPLICABILITY OF GOVERNMENT CORPORATION 
CONTROL ACT.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Corporation shall be 
subject to the provisions of chapter 91 of subtitle VI 
of title 31, United States Code, except that the Cor-
poration shall not be authorized to issue obligations 
or offer obligations to the public. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
9101(3) of title 31, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(Q) the Millennium Challenge Corpora-
tion.’’
(l) INSPECTOR GENERAL.—
HR 1950 PCS 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Inspector General of 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment shall serve as Inspector General of the Cor-
poration, and, in acting in such capacity, may con-
duct reviews, investigations, and inspections of all 
aspects of the operations and activities of the Cor-
poration. 
(2) AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD.—In carrying 
out its responsibilities under this subsection, the In-
spector General shall report to and be under the 
general supervision of the Board of Directors. 
(3) REIMBURSEMENT AND AUTHORIZATION OF 
SERVICES.—
(A) REIMBURSEMENT.—The Corporation 
shall reimburse the United States Agency for 
International Development for all expenses in-
curred by the Inspector General in connection 
with the Inspector General’s responsibilities 
under this subsection. 
(B) AUTHORIZATION
FOR
SERVICES.—Of 
the amount authorized to be appropriated 
under section 208(a) for a fiscal year, up to 
$1,000,000 is authorized to be made available 
to the Inspector General of the United States 
Agency for International Development to con-
HR 1950 PCS 
duct reviews, investigations, and inspections of 
operations and activities of the Corporation. 
(m) COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Comptroller General 
shall conduct audits, evaluations, and investigations 
of the Corporation. 
(2) SCOPE.—The activities and financial trans-
actions of the Corporation for any fiscal year during 
which Federal funds are available to finance any 
portion of its operations may be evaluated, inves-
tigated, or audited by the Comptroller General in ac-
cordance with such rules and regulations as may be 
prescribed by the Comptroller General. 
(3) ACCESS AND RECORDS.—Any evaluation, in-
vestigation, or audit shall be conducted at the place 
or places where pertinent information of the Cor-
poration is normally kept. The representatives of the 
General Accounting Office shall have access to all 
books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, and 
other papers or property belonging to or in use by 
the Corporation and necessary to facilitate the eval-
uation, investigation, or audit; and full facilities for 
verifying transactions with the balances and securi-
ties held by depositories, fiscal agents, and 
custodians shall be afforded to such representatives.
HR 1950 PCS 
All such books, accounts, financial records, reports, 
files, and other papers or property of the Corpora-
tion shall remain in the possession and custody of 
the Corporation throughout the period beginning on 
the date such possession or custody commences and 
ending three years after such date, but the General 
Accounting Office may require the retention of such 
books, accounts, financial records, reports, files, pa-
pers, or property for a longer period under section 
3523(c) of title 31, United States Code. 
(4) REPORT.—A report of such audit, evalua-
tion, or investigation shall be made by the Comp-
troller General to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees and to the President, together with such rec-
ommendations with respect thereto as the Comp-
troller General shall deem advisable. 
(n) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section—
(1) the term ‘‘agency’’ means an Executive 
agency, as defined by section 105 of title 5, United 
States Code; and 
(2) the term ‘‘detail’’ means the assignment or 
loan of an employee, without a change of position, 
from the agency by which such employee is employed 
to the Corporation.
HR 1950 PCS 
SEC. 308. MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE ADVISORY COUNCIL. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is hereby established in 
the executive branch an advisory council to the Corpora-
tion to be known as the Millennium Challenge Advisory 
Council. 
(b) FUNCTIONS.—
(1) GENERAL FUNCTIONS.—The Council shall 
advise and consult with the Chief Executive Officer 
of the Corporation and the Board of Directors with 
respect to policies and programs designed to further 
the purposes of this division and shall periodically 
report to the Congress with respect to the activities 
of the Corporation. In addition, the Council shall re-
view on an annual basis the criteria and method-
ology used to determine eligibility of countries for 
assistance under title II and make recommendations 
to the Chief Executive Officer and the Board to im-
prove the effectiveness of such criteria and method-
ology in order to achieve the purposes of this divi-
sion. 
(2) ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS.—Members of the 
Council shall (subject to subsection (d)(1)) conduct 
on-site inspections, and make examinations, of the 
activities of the Corporation in the United States 
and in other countries in order to—
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(A) evaluate the accomplishments of the 
Corporation; 
(B) assess the potential capabilities and 
the future role of the Corporation; 
(C) make recommendations to the Chief 
Executive Officer, the Board of Directors, and 
Congress, for the purpose of guiding the future 
direction of the Corporation and of helping to 
ensure that the purposes and programs of the 
Corporation are carried out in ways that are ec-
onomical, efficient, responsive to changing 
needs in developing countries and to changing 
relationships among people, and in accordance 
with law; 
(D) make such other evaluations, assess-
ments, and recommendations as the Council 
considers appropriate. 
(3) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION.—The Council may 
provide for public participation in its activities, con-
sistent with section 552b of title 5, United States 
Code. 
(c) MEMBERSHIP.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Council shall consist of 
seven individuals, who shall be appointed by the 
Chief Executive Officer, and who shall be broadly
HR 1950 PCS 
representative of nongovernmental entities with ex-
pertise and interest in international trade and eco-
nomic development, including business and business 
associations, trade and labor unions, private and vol-
untary organizations, foundations, public policy or-
ganizations, academia, and other entities as the 
Chief Executive Officer determines appropriate. 
(2) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENT.—No member 
appointed under paragraph (1) may be an officer or 
employee of the United States Government. 
(d) COMPENSATION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), a member of the Council—
(A) shall be paid compensation out of 
funds made available for the purposes of this 
title at the daily equivalent of the highest rate 
payable under section 5332 of title 5, United 
States Code, for each day (including travel 
time) during which the member is engaged in 
the actual performance of duties as a member 
of the Council; and 
(B) while away from the member’s home 
or regular place of business on necessary travel, 
as determined by the Chief Executive Officer, in 
the actual performance of duties as a member
HR 1950 PCS 
of the Council, shall be paid per diem, travel, 
and transportation expenses in the same man-
ner as is provided under subchapter I of chap-
ter 57 of title 5, United States Code. 
(2) LIMITATION.—A member of the Council 
may not be paid compensation under paragraph 
(1)(A) for more than thirty days in any calendar 
year. 
(e) QUORUM.—A majority of the members of the 
Council shall constitute a quorum for the purposes of 
transacting any business. 
(f) FINANCIAL INTERESTS OF MEMBERS.—A member 
of the Council shall disclose to the Chairperson of the 
Council and the Chief Executive Officer of the existence 
of any direct or indirect financial interest of that member 
in any particular matter before the Council and may not 
vote or otherwise participate as a Council member with 
respect to that particular matter. 
(g) CHAIRPERSON.—The Chief Executive Officer 
shall designate one of the members of the Council as 
Chairperson, who shall serve in that capacity for a term 
of two years. The Chief Executive Officer may renew the 
term of the member appointed as Chairperson under the 
preceding sentence. 
(h) MEETINGS, BYLAWS, AND REGULATIONS.—
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(1) MEETINGS.—The Council shall hold a reg-
ular meeting during each calendar quarter and shall 
meet at the call of the President, the Chief Execu-
tive Officer, the Chairperson of the Board, the 
Chairperson of the Council, or two members of the 
Council. 
(2) BYLAWS AND REGULATIONS.—The Council 
shall prescribe such bylaws and regulations as it 
considers necessary to carry out its functions. Such 
bylaws and regulations shall include procedures for 
fixing the time and place of meetings, giving or 
waiving of notice of meetings, and keeping of min-
utes of meetings. 
(i) REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT, CHIEF EXECUTIVE 
OFFICER, AND BOARD.—
(1) REPORT.—Not later than January 1, 2005, 
and not later than January 1 of each year thereafter 
that the Corporation is in existence, the Council 
shall submit to the President, the Chief Executive 
Officer, and the Board a report on its views on the 
programs and activities of the Corporation. 
(2) CONTENTS.—Each report shall contain a 
summary of the advice and recommendations pro-
vided by the Council to the Chief Executive Officer 
and the Board during the period covered by the re-
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port and such recommendations (including rec-
ommendations for administrative or legislative ac-
tion) as the Council considers appropriate to make 
to the Congress. 
(3) ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENT.—Not later 
than 90 days after receiving each such report, the 
Chief Executive Officer shall transmit to Congress a 
copy of the report, together with any comments con-
cerning the report that the Chief Executive Officer 
considers appropriate. 
(j) ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE.—The Chief Exec-
utive Officer shall make available to the Council such per-
sonnel, administrative support services, and technical as-
sistance as are necessary to carry out its functions effec-
tively. 
(k) TERMINATION.—Section 14(a)(2)(B) of the Fed-
eral Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.; relating to 
the termination of advisory committees) shall not apply 
to the Council. Notwithstanding section 102 of this Act, 
the authorities of the Council shall terminate on December 
31, 2007. 
SEC. 309. MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE SEED GRANTS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Many countries in the developing world lack 
the academic and public policy advocacy base essen-
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tial to attaining the principal objectives of the Mil-
lennium Challenge Account. 
(2) Because of widespread government repres-
sion of free speech and poverty, the countries of Af-
rica in particular suffer an acute shortage of non-
governmental organizations which effectively study 
and promote the principal objectives of the Millen-
nium Challenge Account. 
(3) Many developing countries, particularly low 
income countries, lack the institutional capacity to 
enhance the quality and accuracy of data upon 
which the eligibility criteria in section 203 relies. 
Such countries may also lack the ability to monitor 
and evaluate development projects effectively. 
(4) The Millennium Challenge Account will 
struggle to reach its goals unless countries in the de-
veloping world possess a home grown intellectual 
commitment and culture of advocacy aimed at pro-
moting its principal objectives. 
(b) ASSISTANCE.—The Chief Executive Officer of the 
Corporation is authorized to provide assistance in support 
of nongovernmental organizations (including universities, 
independent foundations, and other organizations) in low 
income and lower middle income countries, and, where ap-
propriate, directly to agencies of foreign governments in