residential, and distributed generation systems, 
using improved manufacturing production and proc-
esses. 
‘‘(5) Gasification systems to enable carbon cap-
ture, improve efficiency, and reduce capital and op-
erating costs. 
‘‘(6) Thermal cycling with ramping or rapid 
black start capabilities that do not compromise effi-
ciency or environmental performance. 
‘‘(7) Small-scale and modular coal-fired tech-
nologies with reduced carbon outputs or carbon cap-
ture that can support incremental power generation 
capacity additions. 
‘‘(b) PRIORITY.—In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary is encouraged to prioritize 
transformational technologies that enable a step change 
in performance, efficiency, or cost of electricity as com-
pared to the technology in existence on the date of enact-
ment of this section. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
‘‘(1) $118,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(2) $123,900,000 for fiscal year 2020; 
‘‘(3) $130,095,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
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‘‘(4) $136,600,000 for fiscal year 2022; and 
‘‘(5) $143,430,000 for fiscal year 2023.’’. 
SEC. 9. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969B. RARE EARTH ELEMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In coordination with the relevant 
Federal agencies, the Secretary shall conduct research to 
develop and assess methods to separate and recover rare 
earth elements and other strategic minerals and coprod-
ucts from coal and coal byproduct streams. The program 
shall— 
‘‘(1) develop advanced rare earth element sepa-
ration and extraction processes using coal-based re-
sources as feedstock materials; and 
‘‘(2) assess the technical and economic feasi-
bility of recovering rare earth elements from coal- 
based resources and validate such feasibility with 
prototype systems producing salable, high-purity 
rare earth elements from coal-based resources. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
‘‘(1) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
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‘‘(2) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; 
‘‘(3) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(4) $23,153,000 for fiscal year 2022; and 
‘‘(5) $24,310,000 for fiscal year 2023.’’. 
SEC. 10. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE ON CARBON DIOXIDE 
PIPELINES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall convene 
an interagency task force to assess the potential for a na-
tional system of carbon dioxide pipelines. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—The task force described in sub-
section (a) shall include representation from each of the 
following: 
(1) The Department of Energy. 
(2) The Department of the Interior. 
(3) The Environmental Protection Agency. 
(4) The Department of Transportation. 
(5) The Federal Energy Regulatory Commis-
sion. 
(6) Other Federal agencies identified by the 
Secretary. 
(7) State, local, or Tribal governments. 
(c) DUTIES.—The task force described in subsection 
(a) shall— 
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(1) conduct annual workshops with relevant 
Federal agencies to discuss the potential of and 
progress toward an accessible and functioning na-
tional system of carbon dioxide pipelines, open to 
representatives from— 
(A) industry; 
(B) State, local, and Tribal governments; 
(C) academic researchers; 
(D) environmental organizations; and 
(E) other stakeholders as identified by the 
Secretary; 
(2) the Secretary shall provide public notice not 
less than 60 days before conducting each workshop 
under paragraph (1), to ensure all interested parties 
can attend; 
(3) provide to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate an annual report summarizing the activi-
ties and progress of the task force; and 
(4) in place of the final such annual report, 
submit to the relevant congressional committees a 
report laying out a roadmap for the successful estab-
lishment of a national carbon dioxide pipeline sys-
tem, including aspects related to— 
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(A) engineering, building, siting, and main-
tenance of the system; 
(B) permitting and insuring pipelines; 
(C) Federal and State policy challenges; 
(D) incentives or resources to encourage 
the utilization of the most advanced leak detec-
tion and mitigation technologies and monitoring 
capabilities; 
(E) regulating the national system to en-
sure safety and minimal environmental impacts; 
and 
(F) possible integrations into the current 
pipeline systems. 
(d) SUNSET.—The authority for the task force under 
this section expires on the date that is 5 years after the 
date on which the task force first convenes. 
SEC. 11. METHANE HYDRATES RESEARCH AMENDMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4(b) of the Methane Hy-
drate Research and Development Act of 2000 (30 U.S.C. 
2003(b)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(b) GRANTS, CONTRACTS, COOPERATIVE AGREE-
MENTS, INTERAGENCY FUNDS TRANSFER AGREEMENTS, 
AND FIELD WORK PROPOSALS.— 
‘‘(1) ASSISTANCE AND COORDINATION.—In car-
rying out the program of methane hydrate research 
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and development authorized by this section, the Sec-
retary may award grants, or enter into contracts or 
cooperative agreements to— 
‘‘(A) conduct basic and applied research— 
‘‘(i) to identify and assess deposits of 
methane hydrate; and 
‘‘(ii) to identify the environmental, 
health, and safety impacts of methane hy-
drate development; 
‘‘(B) assess and develop technologies to 
mitigate environmental impacts of the commer-
cial development of methane hydrate as an en-
ergy resource and to reduce the public health 
and safety risks of drilling through methane hy-
drates; 
‘‘(C) conduct basic and applied research to 
assess and mitigate the environmental impact of 
hydrate degassing (including natural degassing 
and degassing associated with commercial de-
velopment); or 
‘‘(D) expand education and training pro-
grams in methane hydrate resource research 
and resource development through fellowships 
or other means for graduate education and 
training. 
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‘‘(2) ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
AND
RE-
SEARCH.—The Secretary shall conduct a long-term 
environmental monitoring and research program to 
study the effects of production from methane hy-
drate reservoirs. 
‘‘(3) 
COMPETITIVE
PEER
REVIEW.—Funds 
made available to carry out paragraphs (1) and (2) 
shall be made available based on a competitive proc-
ess using external scientific peer review of proposed 
research.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 4(e) of 
such Act (30 U.S.C. 2003(e)) is amended in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1) by striking ‘‘subsection (b)(1)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b)’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
7 of such Act (30 U.S.C. 2006) is amended to read as 
follows: 
‘‘SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated to the Sec-
retary to carry out this Act $15,000,000, to remain avail-
able until expended, for each of fiscal years 2019 through 
2023.’’. 
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SEC. 12. CARBON REMOVAL. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969C. CARBON REMOVAL. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary, in coordina-
tion with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish 
a research, development, and demonstration program to 
test, validate, or improve technologies and strategies to re-
move carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale. 
The program may include activities in— 
‘‘(1) direct air capture technologies; 
‘‘(2) bioenergy with carbon capture and seques-
tration; 
‘‘(3) enhanced geological weathering; 
‘‘(4) agricultural and grazing practices; 
‘‘(5) forest management and afforestation; and 
‘‘(6) planned or managed carbon sinks, includ-
ing natural and artificial. 
‘‘(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—The program under this 
section shall identify and develop carbon removal tech-
nologies and strategies that consider the following: 
‘‘(1) Land use changes. 
‘‘(2) Ocean acidification. 
‘‘(3) Net greenhouse gas emissions. 
‘‘(4) Commercial viability. 
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‘‘(5) Potential for near-term impact. 
‘‘(6) Potential for carbon reductions on a 
gigaton scale. 
‘‘(7) Economic co-benefits. 
‘‘(c) PRIORITIZATION.—In carrying out the program 
under this section, the Secretary shall prioritize tech-
nologies and strategies that have the potential to meet 
emissions reduction goals in the agreement of the twenty- 
first session of the Conference of the Parties to the United 
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 
‘‘(d) ACCOUNTING.—The Department shall collabo-
rate with the Environmental Protection Agency and other 
relevant agencies to develop and improve accounting 
frameworks and tools to accurately measure carbon re-
moval and sequestration methods and technologies across 
the Federal Government. 
‘‘(e) AIR CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY PRIZE.—Not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, as 
part of the program carried out under this section, the 
Secretary shall carry out a program to award competitive 
technology prizes for carbon dioxide capture from media 
in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 
1 percent by volume (in this subsection, known as ‘dilute 
media’). In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary 
shall— 
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‘‘(1) in accordance with section 24 of the Ste-
venson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, 
develop requirements for— 
‘‘(A) the prize competition process; 
‘‘(B) minimum performance standards for 
projects eligible to participate in the prize com-
petition; and 
‘‘(C) monitoring and verification proce-
dures for projects selected to receive a prize 
award; 
‘‘(2) establish minimum levels for the capture of 
carbon dioxide from dilute media that are required 
to qualify for a prize award; and 
‘‘(3) offer prize awards for any of the following: 
‘‘(A) A design for a promising capture 
technology that will— 
‘‘(i) be operated on a demonstration 
scale; and 
‘‘(ii) have the potential to achieve sig-
nificant reduction in the level of carbon di-
oxide in the atmosphere. 
‘‘(B) A successful bench-scale demonstra-
tion of a capture technology. 
‘‘(C) An operational capture technology on 
a commercial scale. 
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‘‘(f) INTRA-AGENCY
RESEARCH.—The Secretary 
shall encourage and promote crosscutting research and de-
velopment in bioenergy with carbon capture and seques-
tration within the Department. 
‘‘(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
‘‘(1) 
$45,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2018, 
$15,000,000 of which are authorized to carry out 
subsection (e); 
‘‘(2) $31,500,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(3) $33,075,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(4) $34,729,000 for fiscal year 2019; and 
‘‘(5) $36,465,000 for fiscal year 2020.’’. 
SEC. 13. METHANE LEAK DETECTION AND MITIGATION. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969D. METHANE LEAK DETECTION AND MITIGATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in coordination 
with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall carry out a 
program of methane leak detection and mitigation re-
search, development, demonstration, and commercial ap-
plication for technologies and methods that significantly 
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