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tives, and the congressional defense committees a certifi-
cation— 
(1) that such transfer is in the national interest 
of the United States; and 
(2) that includes a detailed description of con-
crete steps taken to ensure that such F-16s are not 
used by Turkey for repeated unauthorized territorial 
overflights of Greece. 
TITLE 
XIII—OTHER 
MATTERS 
RELATING TO FOREIGN NA-
TIONS 
Subtitle A—Matters Relating to the 
Indo-Pacific Region 
SEC. 1301. MODIFICATION TO ANNUAL REPORT ON MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS IN-
VOLVING 
THE 
PEOPLE’S 
REPUBLIC 
OF 
CHINA. 
Section 1202(b) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is 
amended as follows: 
(1) In paragraph (5)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘A summary’’ and in-
serting ‘‘a summary’’; and 
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(ii) by striking ‘‘; and’’ at the end and 
inserting a semicolon; 
(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) the doctrine, capabilities, organiza-
tion, and operational employment of the Peo-
ple’s 
Liberation 
Army 
special 
operations 
forces.’’. 
(2) In paragraph (8), by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) Special operations capabilities.’’. 
(3) By redesignating paragraph (14) as para-
graph (15). 
(4) By inserting after paragraph (13) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(14) An analysis of the activities of the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China in the Pacific Islands re-
gion.’’. 
SEC. 1302. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SOUTH KOREA. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) South Korea continues to be a critical ally 
of the United States; 
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(2) the presence of United States Armed Forces 
in South Korea serves as a strong deterrent against 
North Korean military aggression and as a critical 
support platform for national security engagements 
in the Indo-Pacific region; 
(3) the presence of approximately 28,500 mem-
bers of the United States Armed Forces deployed to 
South Korea serves not only as a stabilizing force to 
the Korean peninsula but also as a reassurance to 
all our allies in the region; and 
(4) the United States should continue to— 
(A) maintain and strengthen its bilateral 
relationship with South Korea and with other 
regional allies such as Japan; and 
(B) maintain its existing robust military 
presence in South Korea to deter aggression 
against the United States and its allies and 
partners. 
SEC. 1303. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON TAIWAN DEFENSE RE-
LATIONS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96- 
8; 22 U.S.C. et seq.) and the Six Assurances pro-
vided by the United States to Taiwan in July 1982 
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are the foundation for United States-Taiwan rela-
tions; 
(2) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the United States decision to establish diplomatic re-
lations with the People’s Republic of China rests 
upon the expectation that the future of Taiwan will 
be determined by peaceful means, and that any ef-
fort to determine the future of Taiwan by other than 
peaceful means, including boycotts and embargoes, 
is of grave concern to the United States; 
(3) the increasingly coercive and aggressive be-
havior of the People’s Republic of China toward Tai-
wan is contrary to the expectation of the peaceful 
resolution of the future of Taiwan; 
(4) as set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act, 
the capacity to resist any resort to force or other 
forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, 
or the social or economic system, of the people on 
Taiwan should be maintained; 
(5) the United States should continue to sup-
port the development of capable, ready, and modern 
defense forces necessary for Taiwan to maintain a 
sufficient self-defense capability, including by— 
(A) supporting acquisition by Taiwan of 
defense articles and services through foreign 
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military sales, direct commercial sales, and in-
dustrial cooperation, with an emphasis on capa-
bilities that support the asymmetric defense 
strategy of Taiwan, including anti- ship, coastal 
defense, anti-armor, air defense, undersea war-
fare, advanced command, control, communica-
tions, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and 
reconnaissance, and resilient command and con-
trol capabilities; 
(B) ensuring timely review of and response 
to requests of Taiwan for defense articles and 
services; 
(C) conducting practical training and mili-
tary exercises with Taiwan that enable Taiwan 
to maintain a sufficient self- defense capability, 
as described in the Taiwan Relations Act; 
(D) exchanges between defense officials 
and officers of the United States and Taiwan at 
the strategic, policy, and functional levels, con-
sistent with the Taiwan Travel Act (Public Law 
115-135; 132 Stat. 341), especially for the pur-
poses of— 
(i) enhancing cooperation on defense 
planning; 
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(ii) improving the interoperability of 
the military forces of the United States 
and Taiwan; and 
(iii) improving the reserve force of 
Taiwan; 
(E) identifying improvements in Taiwan’s 
ability to use asymmetric military capabilities to 
enhance its defensive capabilities, as described 
in the Taiwan Relations Act; and 
(F) expanding cooperation in humanitarian 
assistance and disaster relief; and 
(6) the United States should be committed to 
the defense of a free and open society in the face of 
aggressive efforts by the Government of the People’s 
Republic of China to curtail or influence the free ex-
ercise of rights and democratic franchise. 
SEC. 1304. SENSE OF CONGRESS AND REPORT ON UNITED 
STATES 
SECURITY 
COOPERATION 
WITH 
INDIA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States— 
(1) should build upon the 2016 designation of 
India as a Major Defense Partner of the United 
States by seeking to improve interoperability and ac-
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tively looking for opportunities for joint military ex-
ercises; and 
(2) should strengthen security cooperation with 
India in the Indian Ocean by— 
(A) conducting high-end exercises and in-
creasing joint training exercises; 
(B) expanding the geographic scope of 
joint military activities between relevant United 
States commands and the Indian military in the 
Western Indian Ocean; and 
(C) expanding military training programs 
and exercises, including humanitarian assist-
ance and disaster relief exercises. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than March 1, 
2023, the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, in co-
ordination with the Commander of United States Indo- 
Pacific Command and the Director of the Defense Secu-
rity Cooperation Agency, shall submit to the congressional 
defense committees, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives, and the Committee on For-
eign Relations of the Senate a report regarding— 
(1) opportunities for deeper defense cooperation 
with India; 
(2) the defense relationship between the Rus-
sian Federation and India; 
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(3) the defense relationship between the Peo-
ple’s Republic of China and India; and 
(4) the defense relationship between the United 
States, Australia, Japan, and India. 
SEC. 1305. MODIFICATION TO REPORT ON RESOURCING 
UNITED STATES DEFENSE REQUIREMENTS 
FOR THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION AND REPORT 
ON 
ENHANCING 
DEFENSE 
COOPERATION 
WITH ALLIES AND PARTNERS IN THE INDO- 
PACIFIC. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1251 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283) is amended in 
subsection (d)(1)(B) by amending clause (v) to read as 
follows: 
‘‘(v) An assessment of security co-
operation authorities, activities, or re-
sources required to achieve such objec-
tives.’’. 
(b) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Com-
mander of United States Indo-Pacific Command shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
on the feasibility and advisability of enhancing defense co-
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operation with allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific re-
gion that includes the following: 
(1) A description of relevant cooperation be-
tween key allies and leading partners in the Indo- 
Pacific region and the United States during the pre-
ceding calendar year, including mutual visits, exer-
cises, training, and equipment opportunities. 
(2) An evaluation of the feasibility of enhancing 
cooperation between key allies and leading partners 
in the Indo-Pacific region on a range of activities, 
including— 
(A) interoperability and coordination; 
(B) disaster and emergency response; 
(C) enhancing maritime domain awareness 
and maritime security; 
(D) cyber defense and communications se-
curity; 
(E) military medical cooperation; 
(F) virtual combined exercises and training 
activities; 
(G) advancing programs for United States 
military advisors to assist in training the active 
and reserve components of key allies and lead-
ing partners in the Indo-Pacific region; and 
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(H) expanding the activities of the Na-
tional Guard in the Indo-Pacific region. 
(3) Any other matters the Commander of 
United States Indo-Pacific Command considers ap-
propriate. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(3) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 1306. REPORT ON SUPPORT AND SUSTAINMENT FOR 
CRITICAL CAPABILITIES IN THE AREA OF RE-
SPONSIBILITY OF THE UNITED STATES INDO- 
PACIFIC COMMAND NECESSARY TO MEET 
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN CERTAIN 
CONFLICTS WITH STRATEGIC COMPETITORS. 
(a) REPORT REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Commander of the United States Indo-Pacific Com-
mand, in consultation with the Commander of the 
United States Transportation Command, the Direc-
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tor of the Defense Logistics Agency, and other Fed-
eral officials that the Commander of United States 
Indo-Pacific Command determines to be appropriate, 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees a report that describes the support and 
sustainment for critical capabilities in the area of re-
sponsibility of the United States Indo-Pacific Com-
mand that are necessary to meet operational re-
quirements in a conflict with a strategic competitor 
of a duration that exceeds 6 months. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report 
required by paragraph (1) shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(A) An assessment of the posture and ca-
pabilities of the current strategic force laydown 
of the United States Indo-Pacific Command, in-
cluding capabilities such as— 
(i) command, control, communica-
tions, computers, cyber, intelligence, sur-
veillance, and reconnaissance (commonly 
referred to as ‘‘C5ISR’’) assets; 
(ii) surface, subsurface, land, air, and 
space disposition and capabilities; 
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(iii) strategic long-range precision 
fires, missile defense, and anti-air capabili-
ties; 
(iv) force protection of assets and crit-
ical infrastructure; 
(v) logistics and sustainment capabili-
ties, including positioning, quantity, and 
distribution of fuels; and 
(vi) munitions required to meet oper-
ational requirements. 
(B) A detailed assessment of any gaps in 
the required capabilities described in subpara-
graph (A) relative to the requirements of the 
United States Indo-Pacific Command in both 
steady state and in such a conflict with a stra-
tegic competitor, including gaps in any capabili-
ties described in the report required by section 
1251(d) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116– 
283). 
(C) An assessment of measures required to 
mitigate the gaps described in subparagraph 
(B) before December 31, 2025. The assessment 
shall include associated costs with enhancing 
United States, allied, and partner military pos-
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ture, basing, and sustainment infrastructure in 
the area of responsibility of the United States 
Indo-Pacific Command to best meet the oper-
ational requirements described in subparagraph 
(A), including in States, territories, and posses-
sions of the United States and regional allies 
and partners. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include 
a classified annex. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and 
(2) the term ‘‘strategic competitor’’ means a 
country labeled as a strategic competitor in the 
‘‘Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy 
of the United States of America: Sharpening the 
American Military’s Competitive Edge’’, issued by 
the Department of Defense pursuant to section 113 
of title 10, United States Code. 
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SEC. 1307. MODIFICATION TO PACIFIC DETERRENCE INI-
TIATIVE. 
Section 1251(d) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 3951) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (2) as para-
graph (3); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) SUBSEQUENT REPORT.—Not later than 15 
days after the submission of the report required by 
paragraph (1) for fiscal year 2024, the Commander 
of the United States Indo-Pacific Command shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a 
subsequent report containing a comparison of the 
specific cost estimates required by items (aa) 
through (ff) of paragraph (1)(B)(vi)(II) to the fund-
ing provided in the budget of the President (sub-
mitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 
31, United States Code) for such items for such fis-
cal year.’’. 
SEC. 1308. SEIZE THE INITIATIVE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—There shall be established in the 
Department of Defense an initiative, to be known as the 
‘‘Seize The Initiative Fund’’ (referred to in this section 
as the ‘‘Fund’’), for the use of the Commander of United 
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States Indo-Pacific Command to increase the ability of 
covered Armed Forces to respond to contingencies in the 
Indo-Pacific. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000,000 for the De-
partment of Defense for fiscal year 2023 for the allowable 
uses described in subsection (c). 
(c) ALLOWABLE USES.—The funds authorized to be 
appropriated by this section shall be used by the Com-
mander of United States Indo-Pacific Command, in con-
sultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secre-
taries of the military departments, for the following pur-
poses: 
(1) Activities to increase the presence of cov-
ered Armed Forces west of the international dateline 
in the United States Indo-Pacific Command area of 
responsibility. 
(2) Activities to improve infrastructure to en-
hance the responsiveness of covered Armed Forces 
west of the international dateline in the United 
States Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility. 
(3) Activities to enhance prepositioning in the 
United States Indo-Pacific Command area of re-
sponsibility of equipment of covered Armed Forces. 
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(4) Activities to enhance contingency response 
in the United States Indo-Pacific Command area of 
responsibility. 
(d) INITIAL PLAN REQUIRED.—The Commander of 
United States Indo-Pacific Command shall, within 180 
days of the enactment of this act, provide the congres-
sional defense committees with a plan to use funds author-
ized pursuant to this section. Such plan, to the extent 
practicable, shall be consistent with other plans required 
to be produced by the Commander of United States Indo- 
Pacific Command, including under section 1242 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 
(Public Law 117–81; 135 Stat. 1978). 
(e) COVERED ARMED FORCES.—In this section, the 
term ‘‘covered Armed Force’’ means the following forces 
of the United States: 
(1) The Army. 
(2) The Navy. 
(3) The Marine Corps. 
(4) The Air Force. 
(5) The Space Force. 
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SEC. 1309. MODIFICATION TO CHINA MILITARY POWER RE-
PORT. 
Section 1202(b)(7)(B) of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating clauses (ii) and (iii) as 
clauses (iii) and (iv), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after clause (i) the following: 
‘‘(ii) the Middle East and North Afri-
ca, especially with respect to Iran and Chi-
na’s relationship with Iranian proxies such 
as Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthis 
(‘‘Ansar Allah’’) in Yemen, the Assad re-
gime in Syria, and Iranian-backed militias 
in Iraq;’’. 
SEC. 1310. MODIFICATIONS TO PUBLIC REPORTING OF CHI-
NESE MILITARY COMPANIES OPERATING IN 
THE UNITED STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1260H(c) of the William 
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is amended 
by adding at the end the following sentence: ‘‘The Sec-
retary of Defense shall also consider information related 
to a Chinese military company operating directly or indi-
rectly in the United States or any of its territories and 
possessions that is provided jointly by the chairperson and 
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ranking member of each of the congressional defense com-
mittees in making such determinations.’’. 
(b) DETERMINATION PROMPTED BY JOINT SUBMIS-
SION OF INFORMATION.—Section 1260H of the William 
M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2021 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (d) as sub-
section (e); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (c) (as amend-
ed) the following: 
‘‘(d) DETERMINATION REQUIRED.—Not later than 
30 days after receiving information described in the sec-
ond sentence of subsection (c) with respect to an entity, 
the Secretary of Defense shall— 
‘‘(1) determine if that entity meets the criteria 
for inclusion on the list required under subsection 
(b); and 
‘‘(2) submit an unclassified report, without any 
designation relating to dissemination control, to the 
chairperson and ranking member of the committee 
that provided the information with respect to such 
determination, including whether the Secretary in-
tends to list such entity publicly.’’. 
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SEC. 1311. REPORTING ON INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDU-
CATION DOMICILED IN THE PEOPLE’S RE-
PUBLIC OF CHINA THAT PROVIDE SUPPORT 
TO THE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY. 
(a) DETERMINATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Office of the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, shall identify each entity that is 
an institution of higher education domiciled in the 
People’s Republic of China that provides support to 
the People’s Liberation Army. 
(2) FACTORS.—In making a determination 
under paragraph (1) with respect to an entity, the 
Secretary shall consider the following factors: 
(A) Involvement in the implementation of 
the military-civil fusion strategy of China. 
(B) Participation in the defense industrial 
base of China. 
(C) Affiliation with the Chinese State Ad-
ministration for Science, Technology, and In-
dustry for the National Defense. 
(D) Funding received from any organiza-
tion subordinate to the Central Military Com-
mission of the Chinese Communist Party. 
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(E) Relationship with any security, de-
fense, police, or within the Government of 
China or the Chinese Communist Party. 
(F) Any other factor the Secretary deter-
mines is appropriate. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) ANNUAL
REPORT.—Not later than Sep-
tember 30, 2023, and annually thereafter for 5 
years, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a list of each entity identi-
fied pursuant to subsection (a) in classified and un-
classified forms, and shall include in such submis-
sion, as applicable, an explanation of any entities de-
leted from such list with respect to a prior list. 
(2) CONCURRENT
PUBLICATION.—Concurrent 
with the submission of each list described in para-
graph (1), the Secretary shall publish the unclassi-
fied portion of such list in the Federal Register. 
(3) ONGOING
REVISIONS.—The Secretary, in 
consultation with the Office of the Director of Na-
tional Intelligence, shall make additions or deletions 
to the most recent list submitted under paragraph 
(1) on an ongoing basis based on the latest informa-
tion available. 
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(4) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES DEFINED.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘ap-
propriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services and 
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 
of the House of Representatives. 
(c) PEOPLE’S LIBERATION ARMY DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘People’s Liberation Army’’ means the 
land, naval, and air military services, the People’s Armed 
Police, the Strategic Support Force, the Rocket Force, 
and any other related security element within the Govern-
ment of China or the Chinese Communist Party that the 
Secretary determines is appropriate. 
SEC. 1312. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON INVITING TAIWAN TO 
THE RIM OF THE PACIFIC EXERCISE. 
It is the sense of Congress that the naval forces of 
Taiwan should be invited to participate in the Rim of the 
Pacific exercise conducted in 2024. 
SEC. 1313. JOINT EXERCISES WITH TAIWAN. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
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(1) joint military exercises with Taiwan are an 
important component of improving military readi-
ness and joint operability of both countries; 
(2) the Commander of United States Indo-Pa-
cific Command, and other commands in the United 
States Indo-Pacific Command area of responsibility, 
already possess the legal authority to carry out such 
exercises; and 
(3) the United States should better use existing 
authorities to improve the readiness and joint oper-
ability of United States and Taiwanese forces. 
(b) AUTHORITY RECOGNIZED.—The Commander of 
United States Indo-Pacific Command is authorized to 
carry out military exercises with Taiwan that— 
(1) include multiple warfare domains and make 
extensive use of military common operations network 
used by United States, allied, and Taiwanese forces; 
(2) to the maximum extent practical, incor-
porate the cooperation of 2 or more combatant and 
subordinate unified commands; and 
(3) present a complex military problem and in-
clude a force presentation of a strategic competitor. 
SEC. 1314. TAIWAN DEFENSE COOPERATION. 
(a) STUDY.—Not later than April 1, 2023, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in consultation with the Joint Chiefs 
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of Staff and the heads of such other agencies as the Sec-
retary determines appropriate, shall complete a study on 
the feasibility of additional Department of Defense re-
sources necessary to facilitate increased military coopera-
tion between the United States and Taiwan. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The study required by subsection 
(a) shall assess the following: 
(1) A description of the military cooperation 
handled by the Department of Defense between the 
United States and Taiwan during the preceding cal-
endar year, including arm sales, mutual visits, exer-
cises, and training. 
(2) The additional manpower required to facili-
tate the arms sales process to Taiwan and other 
matters as specified in subsection (a). 
(3) The overall cost and anticipated efficiency 
of such additional resources. 
(4) Such other matters as may be determined 
relevant by the Secretary. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than April 1, 2023, the 
Secretary shall provide to the Committees on Armed Serv-
ices of the House of Representatives and the Senate a 
briefing on the findings of the study under subsection (a), 
including with respect to each element specified in sub-
section (b). 
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