datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
(b) AMENDMENT OF INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 
1986.—Paragraph (7) of section 223(b) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to medicare eligible indi-
viduals) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(7) MEDICARE ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The limitation under 
this subsection for any month with respect to 
an individual shall be zero for any month such 
individual is entitled to benefits under title 
XVIII of the Social Security Act. 
‘‘(B) MEDICARE
ALTERNATIVE
VOUCHER 
PROGRAM.—In the case of an individual who is 
enrolled in the Medicare Alternative Voucher 
Program under section 226(l) of the Social Se-
curity Act, the applicable limitation under sub-
paragraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (2) shall 
be increased by the amount of the voucher de-
scribed in paragraph (3) of such section which 
is contributed to a health savings account of 
such individual.’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall take effect on the date that is 
six months after the date of the enactment of this 
Act and shall apply to an individual who becomes
entitled to benefits under part A of title XVIII of 
the Social Security Act on or after such date of the 
enactment. 
(2) AMENDMENT OF INTERNAL REVENUE CODE 
OF 1986.—The amendment made by subsection (b) 
shall apply to months ending after the date referred 
to in paragraph (1), in taxable years ending after 
such date. 
SEC. 4. SUSPENSION OF MEDICARE LATE ENROLLMENT 
PENALTIES BETWEEN AGES 65 AND 70. 
(a) PART B.—The second sentence of section 1839(b) 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395r(b)) is amend-
ed by inserting before the period the following: ‘‘and there 
shall not be taken into account (for individuals not entitled 
to benefits under section 226A) any month during any 
part of which the individual attained age 65 and has not 
attained age 70’’. 
(b) PART D.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 1860D–13(b)(2) of 
such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-113(b)(2)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following sentence: ‘‘For 
purposes of the preceeding sentence, in the case of 
an individual not entitled to benefits under part A 
under section 226A, a continuous period of eligibility 
shall not include any month during any part of
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4182 
To remove the restriction that amendments of, or modifications to, the con-
stitution of American Samoa, as approved by the Secretary of the Inte-
rior pursuant to Executive Order 10264 as in effect January 1, 1983, 
may be made only by an Act of Congress. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OCTOBER 31, 2005 
Mr. FALEOMAVAEGA introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Resources 
A BILL 
To remove the restriction that amendments of, or modifica-
tions to, the constitution of American Samoa, as ap-
proved by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to Exec-
utive Order 10264 as in effect January 1, 1983, may 
be made only by an Act of Congress. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. REMOVAL OF RESTRICTION ON AMENDMENTS 
TO OR MODIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITU-
TION OF AMERICAN SAMOA. 
Section 12 of Public Law 98–213 (48 U.S.C. 1662a) 
is repealed. 
Æ
which the individual attained age 65 and has not at-
tained age 70.’’. 
(2) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
1860D–1(b)(6)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w- 
101(b)(6)(A)) is amended by inserting after ‘‘para-
graph (2)’’ the following: ‘‘, but excluding the period 
between 65 and 70 years of age’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to individuals who attain 65 years 
of age in a month after the month in which this Act is 
enacted. 
Æ
2109(a)(5) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act 
of 2005 take effect. 
SEC. 4. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RE-
LATING TO REPLACEMENT OF FIXED DES-
IGNATED RESERVE RATIO WITH RESERVE 
RANGE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 3(y) of the Federal De-
posit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813(y)) is amended—
(1) by striking ‘‘(y) The term’’ and inserting 
‘‘(y) DEFINITIONS RELATING TO DEPOSIT INSURANCE 
FUND.—
‘‘(1) DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND.—The term’’; 
and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) (as so des-
ignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection) the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(2) DESIGNATED RESERVE RATIO.—The term 
‘designated reserve ratio’ means the reserve ratio 
designated by the Board of Directors in accordance 
with section 7(b)(3).’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section and the amend-
ments made by this section shall take effect on the date 
that the final regulations required under section 
2109(a)(1) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act 
of 2005 take effect.
SEC. 5. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON REFUNDS, DIVIDENDS, 
AND CREDITS FROM DEPOSIT INSURANCE 
FUND. 
(a) SUBMISSION.—Any determination under section 
7(e)(2)(E) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as added 
by section 2107(a) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Re-
form Act of 2005, shall be submitted to the Committee 
on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate 
and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives, not later than 270 days after making 
such determination. 
(b) CONTENT.—The report submitted under sub-
section (a) shall include—
(1) a detailed explanation for the determina-
tion; and 
(2) a discussion of the factors required to be 
considered under section 7(e)(2)(F) of the Federal 
Deposit Insurance Act, as added by section 2107(a) 
of the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 
2005. 
SEC. 6. STUDIES OF FDIC STRUCTURE AND EXPENSES AND 
CERTAIN ACTIVITIES AND FURTHER POS-
SIBLE CHANGES TO DEPOSIT INSURANCE 
SYSTEM. 
(a) STUDY BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—
(1) STUDY REQUIRED.—The Comptroller Gen-
eral shall conduct a study of the following issues: 
(A) The efficiency and effectiveness of the 
administration of the prompt corrective action 
program under section 38 of the Federal De-
posit Insurance Act by the Federal banking 
agencies (as defined in section 3 of such Act), 
including the degree of effectiveness of such 
agencies in identifying troubled depository insti-
tutions and taking effective action with respect 
to such institutions, and the degree of accuracy 
of the risk assessments made by the Corpora-
tion. 
(B) The appropriateness of the organiza-
tional structure of the Federal Deposit Insur-
ance Corporation for the mission of the Cor-
poration taking into account—
(i) the current size and complexity of 
the business of insured depository institu-
tions (as such term is defined in section 3 
of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act); 
(ii) the extent to which the organiza-
tional structure contributes to or reduces 
operational 
inefficiencies 
that 
increase 
operational costs; and
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4552 
To suspend temporarily the duty on N-Cyclohexylthiophthalimide. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 15, 2005 
Mr. BROWN of Ohio (for himself, Mr. RYAN of Ohio, Mr. REGULA, Mr. 
LATOURETTE, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. MURTHA, and Mr. 
COSTELLO) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To suspend temporarily the duty on N- 
Cyclohexylthiophthalimide. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. N-CYCLOHEXYLTHIOPHTHALIMIDE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 99 of 
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is 
amended by inserting in numerical sequence the following 
new heading: 
‘‘ 
9902.09.01 
N-Cyclohexylthiophthal 
imide (CAS No. 17796–82– 
6) (provided for in sub-
heading 2930.90.24) ............
Free 
No change 
No change 
On or before 
12/31/2008 
’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) applies to goods entered, or withdrawn from 
warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Æ
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4184 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to provide that veterans of service 
in the 1991 Persian Gulf War and subsequent conflicts shall be consid-
ered to be radiation-exposed veterans for purposes of the service-connec-
tion of certain diseases and disabilities, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 1, 2005 
Mr. FILNER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Veterans’ Affairs 
A BILL 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to provide that 
veterans of service in the 1991 Persian Gulf War and 
subsequent conflicts shall be considered to be radiation- 
exposed veterans for purposes of the service-connection 
of certain diseases and disabilities, and for other pur-
poses. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘You Were There, You 
Get Care Act of 2005’’.
SEC. 2. RADIATION EXPOSURE PRESUMPTIONS FOR VET-
ERANS WHO SERVED IN THE 1991 PERSIAN 
GULF WAR AND SUBSEQUENT CONFLICTS. 
(a) PRESUMPTIONS.—Section 1112(c) of title 38, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by adding at the end of paragraph (2) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(V) Any other disease that is covered under 
section 3.309 or 3.311 of title 38 of the Code of 
Federal Regulations and any other disease found by 
the Secretary to result from exposure to depleted 
uranium or the by-products of the burn-off that oc-
curs when a depleted uranium munition penetrates 
a target.’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end of paragraph (3)(B) 
the following new clause: 
‘‘(v) Service during the Persian Gulf War 
or any subsequent conflict in which depleted 
uranium munitions are used, if that service is 
in the theater of operations of that war or con-
flict or involved the clean-up or servicing of ve-
hicles or equipment that had been in such a 
theater of operations.’’. 
(b) INDEPENDENT CIVILIAN MEDICAL STUDY.—The 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall provide for the conduct 
by civilian medical entities independent of the Department
of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs of in- 
depth medical study to determine other diseases (in addi-
tion to those covered by section 1112(c) of title 38, United 
States Code, as amended by subsection (a)(1)) that may 
result from exposure to depleted uranium. Upon receipt 
of the report providing the results of that independent 
study, the Secretary shall transmit a copy of the report 
to the Committees on Veterans’ Affairs of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 
Æ
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4553 
To suspend temporarily the duty on 4,4′-Dithiodimorpholine. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 15, 2005 
Mr. BROWN of Ohio (for himself, Mr. RYAN of Ohio, Mr. REGULA, Mr. 
LATOURETTE, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. MURTHA, and Mr. 
COSTELLO) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To suspend temporarily the duty on 4,4′-Dithiodimorpholine. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. 4,4′-DITHIODIMORPHOLINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 99 of 
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is 
amended by inserting in numerical sequence the following 
new heading: 
‘‘ 
9902.09.02 
4,4′-Dithiodimorpholine 
(CAS No. 103–34–4) (pro-
vided for in subheading 
2930.90.90) .........................
Free 
No change 
No change 
On or before 
12/31/2008 
’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) applies to goods entered, or withdrawn from 
warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Æ
(iii) the effectiveness of internal con-
trols. 
(2) REPORT TO THE CONGRESS.—The Comp-
troller General shall submit a report to the Congress 
before the end of the 1-year period beginning on the 
date of the enactment of this Act containing the 
findings and conclusions of the Comptroller General 
with respect to the study required under paragraph 
(1) together with such recommendations for legisla-
tive or administrative action as the Comptroller Gen-
eral may determine to be appropriate. 
(b) STUDY OF FURTHER POSSIBLE CHANGES TO DE-
POSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM.—
(1) STUDY REQUIRED.—The Board of Directors 
of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and 
the National Credit Union Administration Board 
shall each conduct a study of the following: 
(A) The feasibility of establishing a vol-
untary deposit insurance system for deposits in 
excess of the maximum amount of deposit in-
surance for any depositor and the potential ben-
efits and the potential adverse consequences 
that may result from the establishment of any 
such system.
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4185 
To direct the Consumer Product Safety Commission to strengthen regulations 
concerning the flammability of children’s clothing. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 1, 2005 
Mr. ANDREWS introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce 
A BILL 
To direct the Consumer Product Safety Commission to 
strengthen regulations concerning the flammability of 
children’s clothing. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. FLAMMABILITY OF CHILDREN’S CLOTHING. 
(a) STANDARDS FOR CLOTHING WORN BY CHILDREN 
UNDER AGE 15.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Consumer Product Safety 
Commission shall revise parts 1615 and 1616 of title 16, 
Code of Federal Regulations (relating to the flammability 
of children’s sleepwear) to include all clothing worn by 
children under the age of 15.
(b) SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR TESTING STANDARDS; 
CONSULTATION WITH EXPERTS.—The Commission shall 
also substantially strengthen the standards for tests used 
to determine the flammability of such clothing to ensure 
that such standards are grounded on a firm scientific 
basis. In revising such testing standards, the Commission 
shall consult with experts on skin burns, clothing flamma-
bility, and pediatric social behavior, as well as experts 
from the National Institutes of Science and Technology, 
the National Fire Protection Association, and the Amer-
ican Society for Testing and Materials. 
Æ
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4554 
To suspend temporarily the duty on Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 15, 2005 
Mr. BROWN of Ohio (for himself, Mr. RYAN of Ohio, Mr. REGULA, Mr. 
LATOURETTE, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. MURTHA, and Mr. 
COSTELLO) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To suspend temporarily the duty on Tetraethylthiuram 
Disulfide. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 99 of 
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is 
amended by inserting in numerical sequence the following 
new heading: 
‘‘ 
9902.09.03 
Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide 
(CAS No. 97–77–8) (pro-
vided for in subheading 
2930.30.60) .........................
Free 
No change 
No change 
On or before 
12/31/2008 
’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) applies to goods entered, or withdrawn from 
warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Æ
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4186 
To amend the Trade Act of 1974 to create a Chief Trade Prosecutor to 
ensure compliance with trade agreements, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
NOVEMBER 1, 2005 
Mr. CAMP (for himself and Mr. LEVIN) introduced the following bill; which 
was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Trade Act of 1974 to create a Chief Trade 
Prosecutor to ensure compliance with trade agreements, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF POSITION OF CHIEF 
TRADE PROSECUTOR. 
(a) 
ESTABLISHMENT
OF
POSITION.—Section 
141(b)(2) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2171(b)(2)) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(2) There shall be in the Office 3 Deputy 
United States Trade Representatives, 1 Chief Agri-
culture Negotiator, and 1 Chief Trade Prosecutor.
The 3 Deputy United States Trade Representatives, 
the Chief Agriculture Negotiator, and the Chief 
Trade Prosecutor shall be appointed by the Presi-
dent, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen-
ate. As an exercise of the rulemaking of the Senate, 
any nomination of a Deputy United States Trade 
Representative, the Chief Agricultural Negotiator, or 
the Chief Trade Prosecutor submitted to the Senate 
for its advice and consent, and referred to a com-
mittee, shall be referred to the Committee on Fi-
nance. Each Deputy United States Trade Represent-
ative, the Chief Agricultural Negotiator, and the 
Chief Trade Prosecutor shall hold office at the pleas-
ure of the President and shall have the rank of Am-
bassador.’’. 
(b) FUNCTIONS OF POSITION.—Section 141(c) of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171(c)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) The principal function of the Chief Trade 
Prosecutor shall be to ensure that United States 
trading partners comply with trade agreements to 
which the United States is a party. The Chief Trade 
Prosecutor shall assist the United States Trade Rep-
resentative in investigating and prosecuting disputes 
before the World Trade Organization, and pursuant
to other trade agreements to which the United 
States is a party, and shall assist the United States 
Trade Representative in carrying out the Trade 
Representative’s functions under subsection (d). The 
Chief Trade Prosecutor shall make recommendations 
with respect to the administration of United States 
trade laws relating to foreign government barriers to 
United States goods, services, intellectual property, 
and other trade matters. The Chief Trade Pros-
ecutor shall perform such other functions as the 
United States Trade Representative may direct.’’. 
(c) COMPENSATION.—Section 5314 of title 5, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘Chief Trade Pros-
ecutor’’ as a new item after ‘‘Negotiator’’. 
Æ
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4555 
To suspend temporarily the duty on Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 15, 2005 
Mr. BROWN of Ohio (for himself, Mr. RYAN of Ohio, Mr. REGULA, Mr. 
LATOURETTE, Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts, Mr. MURTHA, and Mr. 
COSTELLO) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To suspend temporarily the duty on Tetramethylthiuram 
Disulfide. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. TETRAMETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 99 of 
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is 
amended by inserting in numerical sequence the following 
new heading: 
‘‘ 
9902.09.04 
Tetramethylthiuram Disul-
fide (CAS No. 137–26–8) 
(provided for in subheading 
2930.30.60) .........................
Free 
No change 
No change 
On or before 
12/31/2008 
’’.
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) applies to goods entered, or withdrawn from 
warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after 
the date of the enactment of this Act. 
Æ
(3) REPORT REQUIRED.—The Board of Direc-
tors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 
shall submit a report to the Congress before the end 
of the 1-year period beginning on the date of the en-
actment of this Act, containing the findings and con-
clusions of the Corporation with respect to the study 
required under paragraph (1), together with such 
recommendations for legislative or administrative ac-
tion as the Board of Directors may determine to be 
appropriate. Before submitting the report to Con-
gress, the Board of Directors shall provide a draft 
of the report to the Comptroller General for com-
ment. 
(e) BASEL II STUDY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall report to the Committee on Banking, 
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
Representatives on the potential impact on the fi-
nancial system of the United States of the imple-
mentation of the new Basel Capital Accord (Basel 
II) and the proposed revisions to current reserve re-
quirement regulations for non-Basel II banks.
IV 
110TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 246 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that States and units 
of local government should enact legislation to prohibit the issuance 
of business, professional, or occupational licenses to unauthorized aliens. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 14, 2007 
Mr. GOODE submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on the Judiciary 
RESOLUTION 
Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that 
States and units of local government should enact legisla-
tion to prohibit the issuance of business, professional, 
or occupational licenses to unauthorized aliens. 
Whereas the Federal Government has failed to take adequate 
measures to curb illegal immigration; 
Whereas the failure by the Federal Government to curb ille-
gal immigration has placed, and continues to place, a 
substantial burden on States and units of local govern-
ment; 
Whereas many State and local governments have already 
worked actively to discourage illegal immigration and to 
assist in the enforcement of our Nation’s immigration 
laws; 
VerDate Aug 31 2005 
02:42 Mar 15, 2007
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PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6300
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jcorcoran on PROD1PC62 with BILLS
I 
109TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4556 
To direct the Secretary of Labor to make a grant to a public university 
to establish the Center for the Study of Women and Workplace Policy. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 15, 2005 
Mr. DINGELL (for himself and Mrs. MALONEY) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Education and the Workforce 
A BILL 
To direct the Secretary of Labor to make a grant to a 
public university to establish the Center for the Study 
of Women and Workplace Policy. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) According to a 2003 Government Account-
ability Office report, even after accounting for fac-
tors such as occupation, industry, race, marital sta-
tus, job tenure, and differing work patterns, all of 
which affect earnings, women are paid, on average,
80 cents compared to every dollar that men are 
paid. 
(2) According to the same report, the earnings 
gap between men and women has persisted without 
statistically significant changes for the past two dec-
ades. 
(3) According to a 2001 report by the Bureau 
of Labor Statistics, the earnings gap among working 
men and women is widest among parents. 
(4) Some women choose to trade advancing in 
their careers or higher earnings for a job offering 
the flexibility to manage family responsibilities 
alongside work. 
(5) According to a 2001 Government Account-
ability Office study, in 1995 and 2000, female full- 
time managers earned less than their male counter-
parts. 
(6) According to the same study, in 7 of the 10 
industries studied, the earnings gap between female 
and male full-time managers actually widened be-
tween 1995 and 2000. 
(7) Women make up 46 percent of the work-
force but represent just 12 percent of all corporate 
officers.