IB 
Union Calendar No. 451
107TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. J. RES. 114
[Report No. 107–721] 
To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
OCTOBER 2, 2002
Mr. HASTERT (for himself and Mr. GEPHARDT) introduced the following joint 
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations 
OCTOBER 7, 2002
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House 
on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the resolving clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[Strike out the preamble and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text and preamble of introduced joint resolution, see copy of joint resolution as introduced 
on October 2, 2002] 
JOINT RESOLUTION 
To authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against 
Iraq.
Whereas in 1990 in response to Iraq’s war of aggression 
against and illegal occupation of Kuwait, the United 
States forged a coalition of nations to liberate Kuwait and 
its people in order to defend the national security of the
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United States and enforce United Nations Security Coun-
cil resolutions relating to Iraq; 
Whereas after the liberation of Kuwait in 1991, Iraq entered 
into a United Nations sponsored cease-fire agreement pur-
suant to which Iraq unequivocally agreed, among other 
things, to eliminate its nuclear, biological, and chemical 
weapons programs and the means to deliver and develop 
them, and to end its support for international terrorism; 
Whereas the efforts of international weapons inspectors, United 
States intelligence agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the 
discovery that Iraq had large stockpiles of chemical weap-
ons and a large scale biological weapons program, and 
that Iraq had an advanced nuclear weapons development 
program that was much closer to producing a nuclear 
weapon than intelligence reporting had previously indi-
cated; 
Whereas Iraq, in direct and flagrant violation of the cease-fire, 
attempted to thwart the efforts of weapons inspectors to 
identify and destroy Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction 
stockpiles and development capabilities, which finally re-
sulted in the withdrawal of inspectors from Iraq on Octo-
ber 31, 1998; 
Whereas in Public Law 105–235 (August 14, 1998), Congress 
concluded that Iraq’s continuing weapons of mass destruc-
tion programs threatened vital United States interests and 
international peace and security, declared Iraq to be in 
‘‘material and unacceptable breach of its international ob-
ligations’’ and urged the President ‘‘to take appropriate 
action, in accordance with the Constitution and relevant 
laws of the United States, to bring Iraq into compliance 
with its international obligations’’;
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Whereas Iraq both poses a continuing threat to the national se-
curity of the United States and international peace and 
security in the Persian Gulf region and remains in mate-
rial and unacceptable breach of its international obliga-
tions by, among other things, continuing to possess and de-
velop a significant chemical and biological weapons capa-
bility, actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability, and 
supporting and harboring terrorist organizations; 
Whereas Iraq persists in violating resolution of the United Na-
tions Security Council by continuing to engage in brutal 
repression of its civilian population thereby threatening 
international peace and security in the region, by refusing 
to release, repatriate, or account for non-Iraqi citizens 
wrongfully detained by Iraq, including an American serv-
iceman, and by failing to return property wrongfully 
seized by Iraq from Kuwait; 
Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its capa-
bility and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction 
against other nations and its own people; 
Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its con-
tinuing hostility toward, and willingness to attack, the 
United States, including by attempting in 1993 to assas-
sinate former President Bush and by firing on many thou-
sands of occasions on United States and Coalition Armed 
Forces engaged in enforcing the resolutions of the United 
Nations Security Council; 
Whereas members of al Qaida, an organization bearing respon-
sibility for attacks on the United States, its citizens, and 
interests, including the attacks that occurred on September 
11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq;
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Whereas Iraq continues to aid and harbor other international 
terrorist organizations, including organizations that 
threaten the lives and safety of United States citizens; 
Whereas the attacks on the United States of September 11, 
2001, underscored the gravity of the threat posed by the ac-
quisition of weapons of mass destruction by international 
terrorist organizations; 
Whereas Iraq’s demonstrated capability and willingness to use 
weapons of mass destruction, the risk that the current 
Iraqi regime will either employ those weapons to launch 
a surprise attack against the United States or its Armed 
Forces or provide them to international terrorists who 
would do so, and the extreme magnitude of harm that 
would result to the United States and its citizens from 
such an attack, combine to justify action by the United 
States to defend itself; 
Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 
(1990) authorizes the use of all necessary means to enforce 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) 
and subsequent relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to 
cease certain activities that threaten international peace 
and security, including the development of weapons of 
mass destruction and refusal or obstruction of United Na-
tions weapons inspections in violation of United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), repression of its 
civilian population in violation of United Nations Secu-
rity Council Resolution 688 (1991), and threatening its 
neighbors or United Nations operations in Iraq in viola-
tion of United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 
(1994); 
Whereas in the Authorization for Use of Military Force 
Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1), Congress has
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authorized the President ‘‘to use United States Armed 
Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Reso-
lution 678 (1990) in order to achieve implementation of 
Security Council Resolution 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 
667, 669, 670, 674, and 677’’; 
Whereas in December 1991, Congress expressed its sense that 
it ‘‘supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the 
goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 
as being consistent with the Authorization of Use of Mili-
tary Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102–1),’’ 
that Iraq’s repression of its civilian population violates 
United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 and ‘‘con-
stitutes a continuing threat to the peace, security, and sta-
bility of the Persian Gulf region,’’ and that Congress, 
‘‘supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the 
goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688’’; 
Whereas the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–
338) expressed the sense of Congress that it should be the 
policy of the United States to support efforts to remove 
from power the current Iraqi regime and promote the 
emergence of a democratic government to replace that re-
gime; 
Whereas on September 12, 2002, President Bush committed the 
United States to ‘‘work with the United Nations Security 
Council to meet our common challenge’’ posed by Iraq and 
to ‘‘work for the necessary resolutions,’’ while also making 
clear that ‘‘the Security Council resolutions will be en-
forced, and the just demands of peace and security will be 
met, or action will be unavoidable’’; 
Whereas the United States is determined to prosecute the war 
on terrorism and Iraq’s ongoing support for international 
terrorist groups combined with its development of weapons
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of mass destruction in direct violation of its obligations 
under the 1991 cease-fire and other United Nations Secu-
rity Council resolutions make clear that it is in the na-
tional security interests of the United States and in fur-
therance of the war on terrorism that all relevant United 
Nations Security Council resolutions be enforced, including 
through the use of force if necessary; 
Whereas Congress has taken steps to pursue vigorously the war 
on terrorism through the provision of authorities and 
funding requested by the President to take the necessary 
actions against international terrorists and terrorist orga-
nizations, including those nations, organizations, or per-
sons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the ter-
rorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or har-
bored such persons or organizations; 
Whereas the President and Congress are determined to con-
tinue to take all appropriate actions against international 
terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those na-
tions, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, 
committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 
September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organiza-
tions; 
Whereas the President has authority under the Constitution to 
take action in order to deter and prevent acts of inter-
national terrorism against the United States, as Congress 
recognized in the joint resolution on Authorization for Use 
of Military Force (Public Law 107–40); and 
Whereas it is in the national security interests of the United 
States to restore international peace and security to the 
Persian Gulf region: Now, therefore, be it
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Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives
of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This joint resolution may be cited as the ‘‘Authoriza-
tion for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 
2002’’. 
SEC. 2. SUPPORT FOR UNITED STATES DIPLOMATIC EF-
FORTS. 
The Congress of the United States supports the efforts 
by the President to—
(1) strictly enforce through the United Nations 
Security Council all relevant Security Council resolu-
tions regarding Iraq and encourages him in those ef-
forts; and 
(2) obtain prompt and decisive action by the Se-
curity Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its strat-
egy of delay, evasion and noncompliance and prompt-
ly and strictly complies with all relevant Security 
Council resolutions regarding Iraq. 
SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF UNITED STATES 
ARMED FORCES. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to 
use the Armed Forces of the United States as he determines 
to be necessary and appropriate in order to—
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(1) defend the national security of the United 
States against the continuing threat posed by Iraq; 
and 
(2) enforce all relevant United Nations Security 
Council resolutions regarding Iraq. 
(b) PRESIDENTIAL DETERMINATION.—In connection 
with the exercise of the authority granted in subsection (a) 
to use force the President shall, prior to such exercise or 
as soon thereafter as may be feasible, but no later than 48 
hours after exercising such authority, make available to the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President 
pro tempore of the Senate his determination that—
(1) reliance by the United States on further dip-
lomatic or other peaceful means alone either (A) will 
not adequately protect the national security of the 
United States against the continuing threat posed by 
Iraq or (B) is not likely to lead to enforcement of all 
relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions 
regarding Iraq; and 
(2) acting pursuant to this joint resolution is 
consistent with the United States and other countries 
continuing to take the necessary actions against inter-
national terrorist and terrorist organizations, includ-
ing those nations, organizations, or persons who
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planned, authorized, committed or aided the terrorist 
attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001. 
(c) WAR POWERS RESOLUTION REQUIREMENTS.—
(1) SPECIFIC
STATUTORY
AUTHORIZATION.—
Consistent with section 8(a)(1) of the War Powers 
Resolution, the Congress declares that this section is 
intended to constitute specific statutory authorization 
within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers 
Resolution. 
(2) APPLICABILITY OF OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—
Nothing in this joint resolution supersedes any re-
quirement of the War Powers Resolution. 
SEC. 4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) REPORTS.—The President shall, at least once every 
60 days, submit to the Congress a report on matters relevant 
to this joint resolution, including actions taken pursuant 
to the exercise of authority granted in section 3 and the 
status of planning for efforts that are expected to be required 
after such actions are completed, including those actions de-
scribed in section 7 of the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Pub-
lic Law 105–338). 
(b) SINGLE CONSOLIDATED REPORT.—To the extent 
that the submission of any report described in subsection 
(a) coincides with the submission of any other report on 
matters relevant to this joint resolution otherwise required
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to be submitted to Congress pursuant to the reporting re-
quirements of the War Powers Resolution (Public Law 93–
148), all such reports may be submitted as a single consoli-
dated report to the Congress. 
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—To the extent that the 
information required by section 3 of the Authorization for 
Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 
102–1) is included in the report required by this section, 
such report shall be considered as meeting the requirements 
of section 3 of such resolution.
Union Calendar No. 451
107TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. J. RES. 114
[Report No. 107–721] 
JOINT RESOLUTION 
To authorize the use of United States Armed 
Forces against Iraq. 
OCTOBER 7, 2002
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee 
of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and or-
dered to be printed