by the Secretary of Commerce or by such persons as 
the Secretary may designate. 
(f) CITIZEN ACTIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), any person may commence a civil action 
to enjoin any person, including the United States 
and any other governmental instrumentality or agen-
cy (to the extent permitted by the 11th Amendment 
to the Constitution), who is alleged to be in violation 
of section 3. 
(2) JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS.—The 
United States District Court for the judicial district 
in which the alleged violation occurs shall have juris-
diction in all actions brought under this subsection, 
without regard for the amount in controversy or the 
citizenship of the parties. 
(3) INTERVENTION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.—
In any such action under this subsection in which 
the United States is not a party, the Attorney Gen-
eral may intervene on behalf of the United States as 
a matter of right. 
(4) EXCEPTIONS.—No action may be com-
menced under this subsection—
(A) prior to 60 days after written notice of 
the violation has been given to the Secretary of
the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, 
and to any alleged violator of any such provi-
sion or regulation; or 
(B) if the Secretary of the Interior, the 
Secretary of Commerce, or the Attorney Gen-
eral has initiated an enforcement action under 
this section. 
(5) RECOVERY OF COURT COSTS.—In any ac-
tion brought pursuant to paragraph (1), the court 
may award costs of litigation (including reasonable 
attorney and expert witness fees) to any party, 
whenever the court determines such award is appro-
priate. 
(6) RELIEF UNDER OTHER LAWS.—The injunc-
tive relief provided by this subsection shall not re-
strict any right which any person may have under 
any statute or common law to seek enforcement of 
any standard or limitation or to seek any other re-
lief. 
(g) AMERICAN SAMOA.—For the purposes of any ac-
tion brought under this Act, American Samoa shall be in-
cluded within the judicial district of the United States Dis-
trict Court for the District of Hawaii.
SEC. 8. REGULATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Before the expiration of the 1-
year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of 
Commerce shall promulgate such regulations as they deem 
necessary and appropriate to carry out the purposes of 
this Act. 
(b) ENFORCEMENT REGULATIONS.—The Secretary 
of the Interior, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary 
of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Department in 
which the Coast Guard is operating, are authorized to pro-
mulgate such regulations as may be appropriate to enforce 
this Act, and charge reasonable fees for expenses con-
nected with reviewing certificates authorized by this Act, 
including processing applications and reasonable inspec-
tions, and with the transfer, board, handling, or storage 
of coral reef species and evidentiary items seized and for-
feited under this Act. Any such fees collected pursuant 
to this subsection shall be deposited in the Treasury to 
the credit of the appropriation which is current and 
chargeable for the cost of furnishing the services. Appro-
priated funds may be expended pending reimbursement 
from parties in interest. 
SEC. 9. RELATIONSHIP TO STATE LAWS. 
Nothing in this Act shall be construed or interpreted 
as preempting any State from imposing any more restric-