890 
HR 3935 PCS
sensitive positions, in accordance with Executive Order 
No. 12564 (51 Fed. Reg. 32889). 
SEC. 922. ACCESSIBILITY IN WORKPLACE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 12 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the National Transpor-
tation Safety Board shall conduct an assessment of the 
headquarters and regional offices of the Board to deter-
mine barriers to accessibility to facilities. 
(b) CONTENTS.—In conducting the assessment under 
subsection (a), the Board shall consider— 
(1) compliance with— 
(A) the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.) and the corresponding 
accessibility guidelines established under part 
1191 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations; 
and 
(B) the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.); and 
(2) the best accessibility practices that exceed 
the requirements and recommendations of the Acts 
and guidelines described in paragraph (1). 
SEC. 923. MOST WANTED LIST. 
(a) TERMINATION OF PUBLICATION.—Not later than 
90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chair-
man of the National Transportation Safety Board shall 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00890
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
891 
HR 3935 PCS
terminate publication of the Most Wanted List and any 
activities associated with production of any future Most 
Wanted List. 
(b) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to prohibit the Board from— 
(1) conducting advocacy activities unrelated to 
the Most Wanted List that the Board had the au-
thority to conduct prior to the date of enactment of 
this Act; and 
(2) maintaining materials related to previously 
issued Most Wanted Lists. 
(c) MOST WANTED LIST DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘Most Wanted List’’ has the meaning given such 
term in section 1102 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
2018 (49 U.S.C. 1101 note). 
SEC. 924. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS. 
(a) EVALUATION AND AUDIT OF NATIONAL TRANS-
PORTATION SAFETY BOARD.—Section 1138(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘expenditures 
of the National Transportation Safety’’ and inserting ‘‘ex-
penditures of the’’. 
(b) ORGANIZATION
AND
ADMINISTRATIVE.—The 
analysis for chapter 11 of title 49, United States Code, 
is further amended— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00891
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
892 
HR 3935 PCS
(1) by striking the items relating to sections 
117 and 1117; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 1116 the following: 
‘‘1117. Methodology.’’. 
(c) SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD.—The anal-
ysis for subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 
11 the following: 
‘‘13. Surface Transportation Board.’’. 
SEC. 925. AIR SAFETY INVESTIGATORS. 
(a) REMOVAL OF FAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATE RE-
QUIREMENT.—Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Per-
sonnel Management, in consultation with the Adminis-
trator of the Federal Aviation Administration and the 
Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, 
shall take such actions as may be necessary to revise the 
eligibility requirements for the Air Safety Investigating 
Series 1815 occupational series (and any similar occupa-
tional series relating to transportation accident inves-
tigating) to remove any requirement that an individual 
hold a current medical certificate issued by Administrator. 
(b) UPDATES TO OTHER REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director, in 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00892
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
893 
HR 3935 PCS
coordination with the with the Administrator and 
Chairman, shall take such actions as may be nec-
essary to update and revise experiential, educational, 
and other eligibility requirements for the Air Safety 
Investigating Series 1815 occupational series (and 
any similar occupational series relating to transpor-
tation accident investigating). 
(2) CONSIDERATIONS.—In updating the re-
quirements under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
consider— 
(A) the direct relationship between any re-
quirement and the duties expected to be per-
formed by the position; 
(B) changes in the skills and tools nec-
essary to perform transportation accident inves-
tigations; and 
(C) such other considerations as the Direc-
tor, Administrator, or Chairman determines ap-
propriate. 
TITLE X—FREEDOM TO FLY ACT 
OF 2023 
SEC. 1001. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Freedom to Fly Act 
of 2023’’. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00893
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
894 
HR 3935 PCS
SEC. 1002. PROHIBITION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF VAC-
CINATION MANDATE. 
The Administrator may not implement or enforce any 
requirement that employees of air carriers be vaccinated 
against COVID–19. 
SEC. 1003. PROHIBITION ON VACCINATION REQUIREMENTS 
FOR FAA CONTRACTORS. 
The Administrator may not require any contractor to 
mandate that employees of such contractor obtain a 
COVID–19 vaccine or enforce any condition regarding 
COVID–19 vaccination status of employees of a con-
tractor. 
SEC. 1004. PROHIBITION ON VACCINE MANDATE FOR FAA 
EMPLOYEES. 
The Administrator may not implement or enforce any 
requirement that employees of the Administration be vac-
cinated against COVID–19. 
SEC. 1005. PROHIBITION ON VACCINE MANDATE FOR PAS-
SENGERS OF AIR CARRIERS. 
The Administrator may not implement or enforce any 
requirement that passengers of air carriers be vaccinated 
against COVID–19. 
SEC. 1006. PROHIBITION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF A MASK 
MANDATE. 
The Administrator may not implement or enforce any 
requirement that employee of air carriers wear a mask. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00894
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
898 
HR 3935 PCS
portation shall coordinate with the Administrator of 
NASA, the Secretary of Energy, and the Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency, and consult rel-
evant stakeholders, including those in industry and aca-
demia, to prepare and submit to the appropriate commit-
tees of Congress a coordinated research and development 
roadmap to safely eliminate the use of leaded aviation fuel 
in existing and future certified piston-engine aircraft. 
Such roadmap shall— 
(1) identify activities to accelerate the develop-
ment, testing, and certification of safe and lead-free 
fuel for use in general aviation aircraft, including 
requisite airport refueling infrastructure; and 
(2) consider the feasibility of widespread use of 
such safe and lead-free aviation fuel by not later 
than 2028. 
(b) PARTNERSHIP WITH PRIVATE INDUSTRY.—The 
Administrator shall coordinate with industry and pilot op-
erators regarding research programs for mass production 
and distribution of unleaded aviation gasoline for market 
viability engine safety, and define criteria to explore incen-
tive programs to reduce lead emissions for communities 
in need. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00898
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
899 
HR 3935 PCS
SEC. 1132. CONTINUOUS LOWER ENERGY, EMISSION, AND 
NOISE (CLEEN). 
The Administrator shall consider expanding the 
CLEEN program under section 47511 of title 49, United 
States Code, and broadening eligibility for the CLEEN 
program to new entrants to the aviation system. 
SEC. 1133. STRATEGY ON HYDROGEN AVIATION RESEARCH 
AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of 
other relevant Federal agencies, shall lead the develop-
ment of a research and development strategy on the safe 
use of hydrogen as part of a sustainable future for avia-
tion. Such strategy shall consider the following: 
(1) The feasibility, opportunities, challenges, 
and pathways toward the potential and safe uses of 
hydrogen in aviation. 
(2) The use of hydrogen in addition to research 
and development efforts, including electrification, 
operational efficiencies and other alternatives to tra-
ditional aviation fuel. 
(b) TRANSMITTAL.—Not later than one year after the 
date of the enactment of the Act, the Administrator shall 
transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress the 
research and development strategy required under sub-
section (a). 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00899
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
900 
HR 3935 PCS
(c) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—Based on the 
results of the research and development strategy under 
subsection (a), the Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of NASA, may conduct research and devel-
opment activities into the following: 
(1) The qualification of hydrogen aviation fuel. 
(2) The safe transition to such fuel for aircraft. 
(3) The advancement of certification efforts for 
such fuel. 
(4) Risk mitigation measures for the use of 
such fuel in aircraft systems, including propulsion 
and storage systems. 
SEC. 1134. REPORT ON FUTURE ELECTRIC GRID RESIL-
IENCY. 
Not later than two years after the date of the enact-
ment of this title, the Administrator, in coordination with 
the Secretary of Energy, shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress, and make publicly available on 
a website of the Administration, a report on the model 
use of the electrical grid to support future electric ad-
vanced air mobility, including cost, challenges, and oppor-
tunities for clean generation of electricity relating to such 
support. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00900
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
901 
HR 3935 PCS
SEC. 1135. AIR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE OVER OCEANS AND 
OTHER REMOTE LOCATIONS. 
(a) AIR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE OVER OCEANS.— 
Subject to the availability of appropriations for such pur-
pose, the Administrator, in consultation with the Adminis-
trator of NASA and the heads of other relevant Federal 
agencies, shall carry out research, development, dem-
onstration, and testing on civilian air traffic surveillance 
over oceans and other remote locations. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the research, 
development, demonstration, and testing under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall— 
(1) consider the need for international inter-
operability of technologies, data, operations, and air 
traffic control systems; 
(2) examine the status of using air traffic sur-
veillance technologies, including space-based Auto-
matic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, to facili-
tate the implementation of minimal separation 
standards over United States-controlled oceanic air-
space; 
(3) identify mitigating approaches to reducing 
any operational challenges, associated costs, or work-
load impacts; and 
(4) use testing, data collection, evaluation, and 
analysis on the use of air traffic surveillance tech-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00901
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
902 
HR 3935 PCS
nologies, including space-based Automatic Depend-
ent Surveillance-Broadcast, to support the activities 
described in paragraphs (1) through (3). 
(c) PILOT PROGRAM.—The Administrator may carry 
out a pilot program to test and evaluate air traffic surveil-
lance equipment over United States-controlled oceanic air-
space and other remote locations. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the activities carried out under this section. 
SEC. 1136. UTILIZATION OF SPACE-BASED ASSETS TO IM-
PROVE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL AND AVIA-
TION SAFETY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in co-
ordination with the Administrator of NASA, and in con-
sultation with industry stakeholders, shall carry out re-
search, development, and testing of the use of air traffic 
Space-Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broad-
cast (ADS-B) data. 
(b) RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the re-
search, development, and testing under subsection (a) the 
Administrator shall focus on the following: 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00902
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
903 
HR 3935 PCS
(1) Monitoring and automatically reporting air 
turbulence events. 
(2) Providing space-based multilateration sur-
veillance. 
(3) Identifying global positioning system (GPS) 
and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) dis-
ruptions affecting air traffic services and assessing 
the impact of such events on the safety of air traffic 
and the National Airspace System. 
(4) Evaluating the feasibility of implementing 
and using aviation safety technologies and systems 
using space-based Automatic Dependent Surveil-
lance-Broadcast data. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall pro-
vide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the research and development under subsection (a) and 
the activities researched pursuant to subsection (b). 
SEC. 1137. AVIATION WEATHER TECHNOLOGY REVIEW. 
(a) REVIEW.—The Administrator, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, shall conduct a review of cur-
rent and planned research, modeling, and technology capa-
bilities that have the potential to more accurately detect 
and predict weather impacts to aviation, including for un-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00903
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
904 
HR 3935 PCS
manned aircraft systems and advanced air mobility oper-
ations, inform how advanced predictive models can en-
hance aviation operations, and increase national airspace 
system safety and efficiency. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the review conducted under sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 1138. AIR TRAFFIC SURFACE OPERATIONS SAFETY. 
(a) RESEARCH.—Subject to the availability of appro-
priations for such purpose, the Administrator, in consulta-
tion with the Administrator of NASA and the heads of 
other appropriate Federal agencies, shall continue to carry 
out research on technologies and operations to enhance air 
traffic surface operations safety. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The research program under 
subsection (a) shall examine the following: 
(1) The safety of current air traffic control op-
erations related to air traffic surface operations. 
(2) Emerging in-cockpit technologies to enhance 
ground situational awareness. 
(3) Emerging technologies to enhance air traffic 
control situational awareness. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00904
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
905 
HR 3935 PCS
(4) Air traffic surface operations safety for di-
verse advanced air mobility operations. 
(5) Safety and operational data needed to in-
form current and future safety programs on ad-
vanced air mobility vehicles. 
(6) Economic benefits of utilizing existing air-
port infrastructure for use in advanced air mobility 
operations. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the research carried out under this section, including 
regarding the transition into operational use of such re-
search. 
SEC. 1139. AIRPORT AND AIRFIELD PAVEMENT TECH-
NOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAM. 
Section 744 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 
(Public Law 115–254; 49 U.S.C. 44505 note) is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘‘durable air-
field pavements.’’ and inserting ‘‘resilient and sus-
tainable airfield and vertiport pavements; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00905
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
906 
HR 3935 PCS
‘‘(5) develop sustainability and resiliency guide-
lines to improve long-term pavement performance 
and reduce carbon emissions.’’. 
SEC. 1140. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTEL-
LIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING TECH-
NOLOGIES. 
(a) REVIEW.—The Administrator shall conduct a re-
view of current and planned artificial intelligence and ma-
chine learning technologies to improve airport efficiency 
and safety. 
(b) SUMMARIES.—The review conducted under sub-
section (a) shall include examination of the application of 
artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to 
the following: 
(1) Jet bridges. 
(2) Airport service vehicles on airport move-
ment areas. 
(3) Aircraft taxi. 
(4) Any other areas the Administrator deter-
mines necessary to help improve airport efficiency 
and safety. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the review conducted under sub-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00906
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
907 
HR 3935 PCS
section (a). The report shall also include an examination 
of China’s domestic application of artificial intelligence 
and machine learning technologies identified under sub-
section (b). 
SEC. 1141. RESEARCH PLAN FOR COMMERCIAL SUPER-
SONIC RESEARCH. 
Not later than one year after the date of the enact-
ment of this title, the Administrator, in consultation with 
the Administrator of NASA and industry, shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a comprehensive 
research plan to build on existing research and develop-
ment activities and identify any further research and de-
velopment needed to inform the development of Federal 
and international policies, regulations, standards, and rec-
ommended practices relating to the certification and safe 
and efficient operation of civil supersonic aircraft and su-
personic overland flight. 
SEC. 1142. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall conduct 
research, engineering, and development related to the ef-
fective and efficient use and management of radio fre-
quency spectrum in the civil aviation domain, including for 
aircraft, unmanned aircraft systems, and advanced air 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00907
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
908 
HR 3935 PCS
mobility. Such research, engineering, and development 
shall, at a minimum, address the following: 
(1) How reallocation or repurposing of radio 
frequency spectrum adjacent to spectrum allocated 
for communication, navigation, and surveillance may 
impact the safety of civil aviation. 
(2) The effectiveness of measures to identify 
risks, protect, and mitigate against spectrum inter-
ference in frequency bands used in civil and commer-
cial aviation operations to ensure public safety. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
containing the results of the research, engineering, and de-
velopment conducted under subsection (a). 
SEC. 1143. AVIATION STRUCTURES, MATERIALS, AND AD-
VANCED MANUFACTURING RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Using the amounts available 
under section 48102(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
the Administrator, in coordination with the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall 
carry out a research and development program for advanc-
ing aviation structures, materials, and manufacturing for 
the safe use in and on aircraft. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00908
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
909 
HR 3935 PCS
(b) INCLUSION.—The program under subsection (a) 
shall, to the extent practicable, include research and devel-
opment relating to the following: 
(1) Metallic and non-metallic based additive 
materials and processes, composites, and other ad-
vanced materials. 
(2) Process development for the development of 
design and manufacturing standards for aviation 
structures, materials, and additive manufacturing. 
(3) Improving certification efficiency of aviation 
structures, materials, and additively manufactured 
aviation products and components. 
(4) Evaluating long-term material and struc-
tural behavior and associated maintenance, including 
support for fatigue life determination, structural 
changes related to fatigue, thermal, corrosive envi-
ronments, and expected maintenance of such mate-
rials, including recommended repair techniques. 
(5) Partnering with commercial entities to ma-
ture and certify, as appropriate, the following capa-
bilities for use in aircraft manufacturing: 
(A) Additive manufacturing, including 
large-scale additive manufacturing. 
(B) Aviation structures. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00909
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
910 
HR 3935 PCS
(C) Advanced materials capabilities, in-
cluding the development and qualification of 
new material chemistries. 
(6) Inspection and quality assurance tech-
nologies for use with complex geometries enabled by 
advanced manufacturing methods. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall pro-
vide to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the findings of the research under subsection (a). 
SEC. 1144. RESEARCH PLAN ON THE REMOTE TOWER PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a com-
prehensive plan for research, development, testing, and 
evaluation needed to mature remote tower technology and 
provide a strategic roadmap to support standards develop-
ment, validation, and operational certification of such 
technology. 
(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—As part of the plan required 
under subsection (a), the Administrator should consider 
the use of remote tower technologies for advanced air mo-
bility operations. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00910
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
911 
HR 3935 PCS
SEC. 1145. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRAINING. 
(a) RESEARCH.—Subject to the availability of appro-
priations for such purpose, the Administrator shall carry 
out a research program to evaluate opportunities to mod-
ernize, enhance, and streamline training time to become 
a Certified Professional Controller. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The research under subsection 
(a) shall— 
(1) assess the use of advanced technologies, 
such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, 
adaptive computer-based simulation, virtual reality, 
or augmented reality, to enhance controller knowl-
edge retention, improve performance, and improve 
the effectiveness of training time; 
(2) develop a timeline to deploy proven ad-
vanced technologies and associated processes for ac-
creditation in training programs and training facili-
ties within the national airspace system; and 
(3) include collaboration with labor organiza-
tions and other stakeholders. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the findings of the research under subsection (a). 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00911
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
912 
HR 3935 PCS
SEC. 1146. REPORT ON AVIATION CYBERSECURITY DIREC-
TIVES. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the appro-
priate committees of Congress a report on the status of 
the FAA’s implementation of section 2111 of the FAA Ex-
tension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 
114–190; 49 U.S.C. 44903 note; relating to the develop-
ment of a comprehensive and strategic aviation cybersecu-
rity framework and establishment of a research and devel-
opment plan to mitigate cybersecurity risks in the Na-
tional Airspace System). The report, at minimum, shall 
include the following: 
(1) A description of the FAA’s progress in de-
veloping, implementing, and updating such frame-
work. 
(2) A description of prioritized research and de-
velopment activities for the most needed improve-
ments, with target dates, to safeguard the National 
Airspace System. 
(3) An explanation for any delays or challenges 
in so implementing such section. 
SEC. 1147. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING COLLABO-
RATIONS. 
Nothing in this title may be construed as modifying 
or limiting existing collaborations, or limiting potential en-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00912
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
913 
HR 3935 PCS
gagement on future collaborations, between the Adminis-
trator, stakeholders, and labor organizations, including 
the exclusive bargaining representative of air traffic con-
trollers certified under section 7111 of title 5, United 
States Code, pertaining to Federal Aviation Administra-
tion research, development, demonstration, and testing ac-
tivities. 
SEC. 1148. TURBULENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations for such purpose, the Administrator, in col-
laboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration, and in consultation with 
the Administrator of NASA, shall carry out applied re-
search and development to— 
(1) enhance the monitoring and understanding 
of severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; 
and 
(2) inform the development of measures to miti-
gate safety impacts on crew and the flying public 
that may result from severe turbulence. 
(b) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.—In 
conducting the research and development on severe turbu-
lence in accordance with subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00913
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
914 
HR 3935 PCS
(1) establish processes and procedures for com-
prehensive and systematic data collection through 
both instrumentation and pilot reporting, of severe 
turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; 
(2) establish measures for storing and man-
aging such data collection; 
(3) support measures for monitoring and char-
acterizing incidents of severe turbulence; 
(4) consider relevant existing research and de-
velopment from other entities, including Federal de-
partments and agencies, academia, and the private 
sector; and 
(5) carry out research and development— 
(A) to understand the impacts of climate 
change and other factors on the nature of tur-
bulence, including severe turbulence and clear- 
air turbulence; 
(B) to enhance turbulence forecasts for 
flight planning and execution, seasonal pre-
dictions for schedule and route-planning, and 
long-term projections of severe turbulence, in-
cluding clear-air turbulence; and 
(C) on other subject matters areas related 
to severe turbulence, as determined by the Ad-
ministrator; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00914
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
915 
HR 3935 PCS
(6) support the effective transition of the re-
sults of research and development to operations, 
where appropriate. 
(c) NO DUPLICATION.—The Administrator shall en-
sure that research and development activities under this 
section do not duplicate other Federal programs relating 
to turbulence. 
(d) TURBULENCE DATA.— 
(1) COMMERCIAL
PROVIDERS.—In conducting 
research and development activities under subsection 
(b), the Administrator may enter into agreements 
with commercial providers for the following: 
(A) The purchase of turbulence data. 
(B) The placement on aircraft of instru-
ments relevant to understanding and moni-
toring turbulence. 
(2) DATA
ACCESS.—The Administrator shall 
make the data collected pursuant to subsection (b) 
widely available and accessible to the scientific re-
search, user, and stakeholder communities, including 
the Administrator of the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, to the greatest extent 
practicable and in accordance with Federal Aviation 
Administration data management policies. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00915
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
916 
HR 3935 PCS
(e) REPORT ON TURBULENCE RESEARCH.—Not later 
than 15 months after the date of the enactment of this 
title, the Administrator, in collaboration with the Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that— 
(1) details the activities conducted under this 
section, including how the research and development 
activities under subsection (b) have contributed to 
the goals specified in subsection (a); 
(2) assesses the current state of scientific un-
derstanding of the causes, occurrence rates, and past 
and projected future trends in occurrence rates of 
severe turbulence, including clear-air turbulence; 
(3) describes the processes and procedures for 
collecting, storing, and managing, data in pursuant 
to subsection (b); 
(4) assesses— 
(A) the use of commercial providers pursu-
ant to subsection (d)(1); and 
(B) the need for any future Federal Gov-
ernment collection or procurement of data and 
instruments related to turbulence, including an 
assessment of costs; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00916
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB
917 
HR 3935 PCS
(5) describes how such data will be made avail-
able to the scientific research, user, and stakeholder 
communities; and 
(6) identifies future research and development 
needed to inform the development of measures to 
predict and mitigate the safety impacts that may re-
sult from severe turbulence, including clear-air tur-
bulence. 
SEC. 1149. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRA-
TION PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall carry out 
research, development, testing, evaluation, and demonstra-
tion programs for low-carbon alternative aviation fuels, 
which may include next-generation feedstocks, biofuels, 
and bioderived chemicals. 
(b) COLLABORATION.—The Administrator shall col-
laborate with Federal agencies, industry stakeholders, re-
search institutions, and other relevant stakeholders, to ac-
celerate the research, development, testing, evaluation, 
and demonstrations programs described in subsection (a) 
and facilitate United States sustainability and competi-
tiveness in aviation. 
SEC. 1150. LIMITATION. 
None of the funds authorized in this title may be used 
to conduct research, develop, design, plan, promulgate, im-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:47 Sep 21, 2023
Jkt 039200
PO 00000
Frm 00917
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3935.PCS
H3935
kjohnson on DSK7ZCZBW3PROD with $$_JOB