I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 3773 
To amend the Stored Communications Act to include Tribal courts as courts 
of competent jurisdiction, to amend the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 
to confer Tribal jurisdiction over controlled substances, related offenses, 
and firearms, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 5, 2025 
Mr. LARSEN of Washington (for himself, Mr. ZINKE, Ms. PEREZ, Mr. 
NEWHOUSE, Mr. COLE, Mr. HURD of Colorado, and Mr. SIMPSON) intro-
duced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Ju-
diciary, and in addition to the Committee on Natural Resources, for a 
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for 
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the com-
mittee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend the Stored Communications Act to include Tribal 
courts as courts of competent jurisdiction, to amend the 
Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 to confer Tribal jurisdic-
tion over controlled substances, related offenses, and fire-
arms, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protection for Reserva-
tion Occupants against Trafficking and Evasive Commu-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
nications Today Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘PROTECT Act of 
2025’’. 
SEC. 2. TRIBAL COURTS AS COURTS OF COMPETENT JURIS-
DICTION UNDER STORED COMMUNICATIONS 
ACT. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2711 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3)— 
(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘or’’ 
at the end; 
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
subparagraph (D); and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
the following: 
‘‘(C) a Tribal court; or’’; and 
(2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(4) the term ‘governmental entity’ means a de-
partment or agency of— 
‘‘(A) the United States; 
‘‘(B) any State or political subdivision 
thereof; or 
‘‘(C) any Indian Tribe or political subdivi-
sion thereof; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(5) the term ‘Indian Tribe’ means any Indian 
or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village, 
community, component band, or component reserva-
tion individually identified (including parenthetically) 
on the most recent list published by the Secretary of 
the Interior under section 104 of the Federally Rec-
ognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 
5131); and 
‘‘(6) the term ‘Tribal court’ means a court of 
general criminal jurisdiction of an Indian Tribe au-
thorized by the law of that Indian Tribe to issue 
search warrants.’’. 
(b) REQUIRED DISCLOSURE OF CUSTOMER COMMU-
NICATIONS
OR RECORDS.—Section 2703 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking the first sen-
tence and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) IN STORAGE 180 DAYS OR LESS.—A gov-
ernmental entity may require the disclosure by a 
provider of electronic communication service of the 
contents of a wire or electronic communication, that 
is in electronic storage in an electronic communica-
tions system for 180 days or less, only pursuant to 
a warrant issued by a court of competent jurisdic-
tion— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking 
‘‘using the procedures described in the Federal 
Rules of Criminal Procedure’’ and all that fol-
lows through ‘‘prescribed by the President)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘in accordance with subsection 
(a)(1)’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), in the undesignated 
matter following subparagraph (F), by inserting 
‘‘, Tribal,’’ after ‘‘a Federal’’ each place it ap-
pears. 
(c) DELAYED NOTICE.—Section 2705(a)(1)(B) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘, 
Tribal,’’ after ‘‘a Federal’’ each place it appears. 
(d) CIVIL ACTION.—Section 2707(g) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended, in the second sentence, 
by inserting ‘‘Tribal,’’ after ‘‘State,’’. 
(e) WRONGFUL DISCLOSURE OF VIDEO TAPE RENT-
AL OR SALE RECORDS.—Section 2710 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(2)(C), by inserting after 
‘‘an equivalent State warrant,’’ the following: ‘‘a 
warrant issued by a Tribal court using the warrant 
procedures described in section 202(a)(2) of Public 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00005
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
Law 90–284 (commonly known as the ‘Indian Civil 
Rights Act of 1968’) (25 U.S.C. 1302(a)(2)),’’; and 
(2) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘or a political 
subdivision of a State’’ and inserting ‘‘a political 
subdivision of a State, or an Indian Tribe’’. 
SEC. 3. TRIBAL JURISDICTION OVER CONTROLLED SUB-
STANCES, RELATED OFFENSES, AND FIRE-
ARMS. 
Section 204 of Public Law 90–284 (commonly known 
as the ‘‘Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968’’) (25 U.S.C. 
1304) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), 
(7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), 
(16), and (17) as paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (10), 
(11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18), 
and (19), respectively; 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
following: 
‘‘(5) CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCE-RELATED
OF-
FENSE.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘controlled 
substance-related offense’ means a violation of 
the criminal law of the Indian tribe that has ju-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
risdiction over the Indian country where the 
violation occurs that involves— 
‘‘(i) drug trafficking; 
‘‘(ii) unlawful drug possession; or 
‘‘(iii) unlawful possession of drug par-
aphernalia. 
‘‘(B) ASSOCIATED DEFINITIONS.—For pur-
poses of this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE.—The 
term ‘controlled substance’ means— 
‘‘(I) a controlled substance (as 
defined in section 102 of the Con-
trolled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802)); 
‘‘(II) a counterfeit substance (as 
defined in that section); and 
‘‘(III) a controlled substance ana-
logue (as defined in that section). 
‘‘(ii) DRUG
PARAPHERNALIA.—The 
term ‘drug paraphernalia’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 422(d) of the 
Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
863(d)). 
‘‘(iii) DRUG TRAFFICKING.—The term 
‘drug trafficking’ means— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
‘‘(I) the manufacture, cultivation, 
delivery, distribution, or dispensing of 
a controlled substance; 
‘‘(II) the possession of a con-
trolled substance with the intent to 
manufacture, deliver, distribute, or 
dispense the controlled substance; and 
‘‘(III) the solicitation of, or the 
attempt or conspiracy to do, an act 
described in subclause (I) or (II). 
‘‘(iv) 
UNLAWFUL
DRUG
POSSES-
SION.—The term ‘unlawful drug posses-
sion’ means a violation of the criminal law 
of the Indian tribe that has jurisdiction 
over the Indian country where the violation 
occurs that involves the possession of a 
controlled substance. 
‘‘(v) 
UNLAWFUL
POSSESSION
OF 
DRUG PARAPHERNALIA.—The term ‘unlaw-
ful possession of drug paraphernalia’ 
means a violation of the criminal law of 
the Indian tribe that has jurisdiction over 
the Indian country where the violation oc-
curs that involves the possession of drug 
paraphernalia.’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
(C) in paragraph (6) (as so redesig-
nated)— 
(i) in subparagraph (H), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (I), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting a semi-
colon; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(J) a controlled substance-related offense; 
and 
‘‘(K) a firearms offense.’’; and 
(D) by inserting after paragraph (8) (as so 
redesignated) the following: 
‘‘(9) FIREARMS OFFENSE.—The term ‘firearms 
offense’ means a violation of the criminal law of the 
Indian tribe that has jurisdiction over the Indian 
country where the violation occurs that involves the 
use or possession of a firearm— 
‘‘(A) in furtherance of a covered crime; or 
‘‘(B) by a person who has been convicted 
of domestic violence.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)(4)(A), by striking ‘‘or as-
sault of Tribal justice personnel,’’ and inserting ‘‘, 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
assault of Tribal justice personnel, a controlled sub-
stance-related offense, or a firearms offense,’’. 
SEC. 4. BUREAU OF PRISONS TRIBAL PRISONER PROGRAM. 
Section 234(c)(2)(B) of the Tribal Law and Order 
Act of 2010 (25 U.S.C. 1302a(2)(B)) is amended by in-
serting ‘‘or offenders convicted pursuant to the exercise 
of special Tribal criminal jurisdiction described in section 
204 of Public Law 90–284 (commonly known as the ‘In-
dian Civil Rights Act of 1968’) (25 U.S.C. 1304)’’ after 
‘‘(comparable to the violent crimes described in section 
1153(a) of title 18, United States Code)’’. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
01:26 Jun 07, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\H3773.IH
H3773
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS