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(1) IN GENERAL.—The requirements referred to
in subsection (a) are that an entity (other than an
entity described in paragraph (2)) shall—
(A) establish a baseline (including all of the
entity’s greenhouse gas emissions on an entity-
wide basis); and
(B) submit the report described in sub-
section (c)(1).
(2) REQUIREMENTS
APPLICABLE
TO
ENTITIES
ENTERING INTO CERTAIN AGREEMENTS.—An entity
that enters into an agreement with a participant in
the registry for the purpose of a carbon sequestration
project shall not be required to comply with the re-
quirements specified in paragraph (1) unless that en-
tity is required to comply with the requirements by
reason of an activity other than the agreement.
(c) REPORTS.—
(1) REQUIRED REPORT.—Not later than April 1
of the third calendar year that begins after the date
of enactment of this Act, and not later than April 1
of each calendar year thereafter, subject to paragraph
(3), an entity described in subsection (a) shall submit
to each appropriate designated agency a report that
describes, for the preceding calendar year, the entity-
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wide greenhouse gas emissions (as reported at the fa-
cility level), including—
(A) the total quantity of each greenhouse
gas emitted, expressed in terms of mass and in
terms of the quantity of carbon dioxide equiva-
lent;
(B) an estimate of the greenhouse gas emis-
sions from fossil fuel combusted by products
manufactured and sold by the entity in the pre-
vious calendar year, determined over the average
lifetime of those products; and
(C) such other categories of emissions as the
designated agency determines in the regulations
promulgated under section 1104(c)(1) may be
practicable and useful for the purposes of this
title, such as—
(i) direct emissions from stationary
sources;
(ii) indirect emissions from imported
electricity, heat, and steam;
(iii) process and fugitive emissions;
and
(iv) production or importation of
greenhouse gases.
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(2) VOLUNTARY
REPORTING.—An entity de-
scribed in subsection (a) may (along with establishing
a baseline and reporting reductions under this sec-
tion)—
(A) submit a report described in paragraph
(1) before the date specified in that paragraph
for the purposes of achieving and commoditizing
greenhouse gas reductions through use of the reg-
istry; and
(B) submit to any designated agency, for
inclusion in the registry, information that has
been verified in accordance with regulations pro-
mulgated under section 1104(c)(1) and that re-
lates to—
(i) with respect to the calendar year
preceding the calendar year in which the
information is submitted, and with respect
to any greenhouse gas emitted by the
entity—
(I) project reductions from facili-
ties owned or controlled by the report-
ing entity in the United States;
(II) transfers of project reductions
to and from any other entity;
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(III) project reductions and trans-
fers of project reductions outside the
United States;
(IV) other indirect emissions that
are not required to be reported under
paragraph (1); and
(V) product use phase emissions;
(ii) with respect to greenhouse gas
emission reductions activities of the entity
that have been carried out during or after
1990, verified in accordance with regula-
tions promulgated under section 1104(c)(1),
and submitted to 1 or more designated
agencies before the date that is 4 years after
the date of enactment of this Act, any green-
house gas emission reductions that have
been reported or submitted by an entity
under—
(I) section 1605(b) of the Energy
Policy 
Act 
of 
1992 
(42 
U.S.C.
13385(b)); or
(II) any other Federal or State
voluntary greenhouse gas reduction
program; and
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(iii) any project or activity for the re-
duction of greenhouse gas emissions or se-
questration of a greenhouse gas that is car-
ried out by the entity, including a project
or activity relating to—
(I) fuel switching;
(II) energy efficiency improve-
ments;
(III) use of renewable energy;
(IV) use of combined heat and
power systems;
(V) 
management 
of 
cropland,
grassland, or grazing land;
(VI) a forestry activity that in-
creases forest carbon stocks or reduces
forest carbon emissions;
(VII) carbon capture and storage;
(VIII) methane recovery;
(IX) greenhouse gas offset invest-
ment; and
(X) any other practice for achiev-
ing greenhouse gas reductions as recog-
nized by 1 or more designated agencies.
(3) EXEMPTIONS FROM REPORTING.—
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(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Director of the Of-
fice of National Climate Change Policy deter-
mines under section 1108(b) that the reporting
requirements under paragraph (1) shall apply to
all entities (other than entities exempted by this
paragraph), regardless of participation or non-
participation in the registry, an entity shall be
required to submit reports under paragraph (1)
only if, in any calendar year after the date of
enactment of this Act—
(i) the total greenhouse gas emissions
of at least 1 facility owned by the entity ex-
ceeds 10,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent (or such greater quantity as may
be established by a designated agency by
regulation); or
(ii)(I) the total quantity of greenhouse
gases produced, distributed, or imported by
the entity exceeds 10,000 metric tons of car-
bon dioxide equivalent (or such greater
quantity as may be established by a des-
ignated agency by regulation); and
(II) the entity is not a feedlot or other
farming operation (as defined in section
101 of title 11, United States Code).
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(B) ENTITIES ALREADY REPORTING.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—An entity that, as of
the date of enactment of this Act, is re-
quired to report carbon dioxide emissions
data to a Federal agency shall not be re-
quired to re-report that data for the pur-
poses of this title.
(ii) REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION.—For
the purpose of section 1108, emissions re-
ported under clause (i) shall be considered
to be reported by the entity to the registry.
(4) PROVISION OF VERIFICATION INFORMATION
BY REPORTING ENTITIES.—Each entity that submits
a report under this subsection shall provide informa-
tion sufficient for each designated agency to which the
report is submitted to verify, in accordance with
measurement and verification methods and standards
developed under section 1106, that the greenhouse gas
report of the reporting entity—
(A) has been accurately reported; and
(B) in the case of each voluntary report
under paragraph (2), represents—
(i) actual reductions in direct green-
house gas emissions—
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(I) relative to historic emission
levels of the entity; and
(II) net of any increases in—
(aa) direct emissions; and
(bb) indirect emissions de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(C)(ii);
or
(ii) actual increases in net sequestra-
tion.
(5) FAILURE
TO
SUBMIT
REPORT.—An entity
that participates or has participated in the registry
and that fails to submit a report required under this
subsection shall be prohibited from including emission
reductions reported to the registry in the calculation
of the baseline of the entity in future years.
(6) 
INDEPENDENT
THIRD-PARTY
VERIFICA-
TION.—To meet the requirements of this section and
section 1106, a entity that is required to submit a re-
port under this section may—
(A) 
obtain 
independent 
third-party
verification; and
(B) present the results of the third-party
verification to each appropriate designated agen-
cy.
(7) AVAILABILITY OF DATA.—
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(A) IN GENERAL.—The designated agencies
shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable,
that information in the database is—
(i) published;
(ii) accessible to the public; and
(iii) made available in electronic for-
mat on the Internet.
(B) EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph (A) shall
not apply in any case in which the designated
agencies determine that publishing or otherwise
making available information described in that
subparagraph poses a risk to national security.
(8) DATA
INFRASTRUCTURE.—The designated
agencies shall ensure, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, that the database uses, and is integrated with,
Federal, State, and regional greenhouse gas data col-
lection and reporting systems in effect as of the date
of enactment of this Act.
(9) ADDITIONAL ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED.—
In promulgating the regulations under section
1104(c)(1) and implementing the database, the des-
ignated agencies shall take into consideration a broad
range of issues involved in establishing an effective
database, including—
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(A) the appropriate units for reporting each
greenhouse gas;
(B) the data and information systems and
measures necessary to identify, track, and verify
greenhouse gas emission reductions in a manner
that will encourage the development of private
sector trading and exchanges;
(C) the greenhouse gas reduction and se-
questration methods and standards applied in
other countries, as applicable or relevant;
(D) the extent to which available fossil fuels,
greenhouse gas emissions, and greenhouse gas
production and importation data are adequate
to implement the database;
(E) the differences in, and potential unique-
ness of, the facilities, operations, and business
and other relevant practices of persons and enti-
ties in the private and public sectors that may
be expected to participate in the registry; and
(F) the need of the registry to maintain
valid and reliable information on baselines of en-
tities so that, in the event of any future action
by Congress to require entities, individually or
collectively, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
Congress will be able—
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(i) to take into account that informa-
tion; and
(ii) to avoid enacting legislation that
penalizes entities for achieving and report-
ing reductions.
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—The designated agencies shall
jointly publish an annual report that—
(1) describes the total greenhouse gas emissions
and emission reductions reported to the database dur-
ing the year covered by the report;
(2) provides entity-by-entity and sector-by-sector
analyses of the emissions and emission reductions re-
ported;
(3) describes the atmospheric concentrations of
greenhouse gases; and
(4) provides a comparison of current and past
atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
SEC. 1106. MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION.
(a) STANDARDS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the designated agen-
cies shall jointly develop comprehensive measurement
and verification methods and standards to ensure a
consistent and technically accurate record of green-
house gas emissions, emission reductions, sequestra-
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tion, and atmospheric concentrations for use in the
registry.
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The methods and stand-
ards developed under paragraph (1) shall address the
need for—
(A) 
standardized 
measurement 
and
verification practices for reports made by all en-
tities participating in the registry, taking into
account—
(i) protocols and standards in use by
entities desiring to participate in the reg-
istry as of the date of development of the
methods and standards under paragraph
(1);
(ii) boundary issues, such as leakage
and shifted use;
(iii) avoidance of double counting of
greenhouse gas emissions and emission re-
ductions; and
(iv) such other factors as the des-
ignated agencies determine to be appro-
priate;
(B) measurement and verification of actions
taken to reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse
gas emissions;
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(C) in coordination with the Secretary of
Agriculture, measurement of the results of the use
of carbon sequestration and carbon recapture
technologies, including—
(i) organic soil carbon sequestration
practices; and
(ii) forest preservation and reforest-
ation activities that adequately address the
issues 
of 
permanence, 
leakage, 
and
verification;
(D) 
such 
other 
measurement 
and
verification standards as the Secretary of Com-
merce, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Adminis-
trator, and the Secretary of Energy determine to
be appropriate; and
(E) other factors that, as determined by the
designated agencies, will allow entities to ade-
quately establish a fair and reliable measure-
ment and reporting system.
(b) REVIEW AND REVISION.—The designated agencies
shall periodically review, and revise as necessary, the meth-
ods and standards developed under subsection (a).
(c) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION.—The Secretary of Com-
merce shall—
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(1) make available to the public for comment, in
draft form and for a period of at least 90 days, the
methods and standards developed under subsection
(a); and
(2) after the 90-day period referred to in para-
graph (1), in coordination with the Secretary of En-
ergy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Adminis-
trator, adopt the methods and standards developed
under subsection (a) for use in implementing the
database.
(d) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The designated agencies may
obtain the services of experts and consultants in the
private and nonprofit sectors in accordance with sec-
tion 3109 of title 5, United States Code, in the areas
of greenhouse gas measurement, certification, and
emission trading.
(2) AVAILABLE
ARRANGEMENTS.—In obtaining
any service described in paragraph (1), the designated
agencies may use any available grant, contract, coop-
erative agreement, or other arrangement authorized
by law.
SEC. 1107. INDEPENDENT REVIEWS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, and every 3 years thereafter,
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the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit
to Congress a report that—
(1) describes the efficacy of the implementation
and operation of the database; and
(2) includes any recommendations for improve-
ments to this title and programs carried out under
this title—
(A) to achieve a consistent and technically
accurate record of greenhouse gas emissions,
emission reductions, and atmospheric concentra-
tions; and
(B) to achieve the purposes of this title.
(b) REVIEW
OF SCIENTIFIC METHODS.—The des-
ignated agencies shall enter into an agreement with the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences under which the National Acad-
emy of Sciences shall—
(1) review the scientific methods, assumptions,
and standards used by the designated agencies in im-
plementing this title;
(2) not later than 4 years after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, submit to Congress a report that de-
scribes any recommendations for improving—
(A) those methods and standards; and
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(B) related elements of the programs, and
structure of the database, established by this title;
and
(3) regularly review and update as appropriate
the list of anthropogenic climate-forcing emissions
with significant global warming potential described
in section 1102(8)(G).
SEC. 1108. REVIEW OF PARTICIPATION.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
National Climate Change Policy shall determine whether
the reports submitted to the registry under section
1105(c)(1) represent less than 60 percent of the national
aggregate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
(b) INCREASED APPLICABILITY OF REQUIREMENTS.—
If the Director of the Office of National Climate Change
Policy determines under subsection (a) that less than 60
percent of the aggregate national anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions are being reported to the registry—
(1) the reporting requirements under section
1105(c)(1) shall apply to all entities (except entities
exempted under section 1105(c)(3)), regardless of any
participation or nonparticipation by the entities in
the registry; and
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(2) each entity shall submit a report described in
section 1105(c)(1)—
(A) not later than the earlier of—
(i) April 30 of the calendar year im-
mediately following the year in which the
Director of the Office of National Climate
Change Policy makes the determination
under subsection (a); or
(ii) the date that is 1 year after the
date on which the Director of the Office of
National Climate Change Policy makes the
determination under subsection (a); and
(B) annually thereafter.
(c) RESOLUTION OF DISAPPROVAL.—For the purposes
of this section, the determination of the Director of the Of-
fice of National Climate Change Policy under subsection (a)
shall be considered to be a major rule (as defined in section
804(2) of title 5, United States Code) subject to the congres-
sional disapproval procedure under section 802 of title 5,
United States Code.
SEC. 1109. ENFORCEMENT.
If an entity that is required to report greenhouse gas
emissions under section 1105(c)(1) or 1108 fails to comply
with that requirement, the Attorney General may, at the
request of the designated agencies, bring a civil action in
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United States district court against the entity to impose
on the entity a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for
each day for which the entity fails to comply with that re-
quirement.
SEC. 1110. REPORT ON STATUTORY CHANGES AND HARMO-
NIZATION.
Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the President shall submit to Congress a report
that describes any modifications to this title or any other
provision of law that are necessary to improve the accuracy
or operation of the database and related programs under
this title.
SEC. 1111. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as
are necessary to carry out this title.
DIVISION 
E—ENHANCING 
RE-
SEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND
TRAINING
TITLE XII—ENERGY RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.
This division may be cited as the ‘‘Energy Science and
Technology Enhancement Act of 2003’’.
SEC. 1202. FINDINGS.
The Congress finds the following:
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(1) A coherent national energy strategy requires
an energy research and development program that
supports basic energy research and provides mecha-
nisms to develop, demonstrate, and deploy new energy
technologies in partnership with industry.
(2) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
program is an integral part of a national climate
change strategy, because it can reduce—
(A) United States energy intensity by 1.9
percent per year from 1999 to 2020;
(B) United States energy consumption in
2020 by 8 quadrillion Btu from otherwise ex-
pected levels; and
(C) United States carbon dioxide emissions
from expected levels by 166 million metric tons
in carbon equivalent in 2020.
(3) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
program can help maintain domestic United States
production of energy, increase United States hydro-
carbon reserves by 14 percent, and lower natural gas
prices by 20 percent, compared to estimates for 2020.
(4) An aggressive national energy research, de-
velopment, demonstration, and technology deployment
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program is needed if United States suppliers and
manufacturers are to compete in future markets for
advanced energy technologies.
SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’
means the Department of Energy.
(2) DEPARTMENTAL
MISSION.—The term ‘‘de-
partmental mission’’ means any of the functions vest-
ed in the Secretary of Energy by the Department of
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) or
other law.
(3) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—The
term ‘‘institution of higher education’’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 1201(a) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1141(a));
(4) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ means any of the following multi-
purpose laboratories owned by the Department of
Energy—
(A) Argonne National Laboratory;
(B) Brookhaven National Laboratory;
(C) Idaho National Engineering and Envi-
ronmental Laboratory;
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(D) Lawrence Berkeley National Labora-
tory;
(E) Lawrence Livermore National Labora-
tory;
(F) Los Alamos National Laboratory;
(G) National Energy Technology Labora-
tory;
(H) National Renewable Energy Labora-
tory;
(I) Oak Ridge National Laboratory;
(J) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
or
(K) Sandia National Laboratory.
(5) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means
the Secretary of Energy.
(6) 
TECHNOLOGY
DEPLOYMENT.—The 
term
‘‘technology deployment’’ means activities to promote
acceptance and utilization of technologies in commer-
cial application, including activities undertaken pur-
suant to section 7 of the Federal Nonnuclear Energy
Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
5906) or section 6 of the Renewable Energy and En-
ergy Efficiency Technology Competitiveness Act of
1989 (42 U.S.C. 12007).
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SEC. 1204. CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER LAWS.
Except as otherwise provided in this title and title
XIV, the Secretary shall carry out the research, develop-
ment, demonstration, and technology deployment programs
authorized by this title in accordance with the Atomic En-
ergy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), the Federal Non-
nuclear Research and Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C.
5901 et seq.), the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C.
13201 et seq.), or any other Act under which the Secretary
is authorized to carry out such activities.
Subtitle A—Energy Efficiency
SEC. 1211. ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct balanced energy research, development, demonstration,
and technology deployment programs to enhance energy ef-
ficiency in buildings, industry, power technologies, and
transportation.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—
(1) ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOUSING.—The goal of
the energy-efficient housing program shall be to de-
velop, in partnership with industry, enabling tech-
nologies (including lighting technologies), designs,
production methods, and supporting activities that
will, by 2010—
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(A) cut the energy use of new housing by 50
percent, and
(B) reduce energy use in existing homes by
30 percent.
(2) INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY.—The goal
of the industrial energy efficiency program shall be to
develop, in partnership with industry, enabling tech-
nologies, designs, production methods, and supporting
activities that will, by 2010, enable energy-intensive
industries such as the following industries to reduce
their energy intensity by at least 25 percent—
(A) the wood product manufacturing indus-
try;
(B) the pulp and paper industry;
(C) the petroleum and coal products manu-
facturing industry;
(D) the mining industry;
(E) the chemical manufacturing industry;
(F) the glass and glass product manufac-
turing industry;
(G) the iron and steel mills and ferroalloy
manufacturing industry;
(H) the primary aluminum production in-
dustry;
(I) the foundries industry; and
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(J) United States agriculture.
(3) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY.—The
goal of the transportation energy efficiency program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry,
technologies that will enable the achievement—
(A) by 2010, passenger automobiles with a
fuel economy of 80 miles per gallon;
(B) by 2010, light trucks (classes 1 and 2a)
with a fuel economy of 60 miles per gallon;
(C) by 2010, medium trucks and buses
(classes 2b through 6 and class 8 transit buses)
with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon,
that is three times that of year 2000 equivalent
vehicles;
(D) by 2010, heavy trucks (classes 7 and 8)
with a fuel economy, in ton-miles per gallon,
that is two times that of year 2000 equivalent
vehicles; and
(E) by 2015, the production of fuel-cell pow-
ered passenger vehicles with a fuel economy of
110 miles per gallon.
(4) ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED GENERA-
TION.—The goals of the energy efficient on-site gen-
eration program shall be to help remove environ-
mental and regulatory barriers to on-site, or distrib-
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uted, generation and combined heat and power by de-
veloping technologies by 2015 that achieve—
(A) electricity generating efficiencies greater
than 40 percent for on-site generation tech-
nologies based upon natural gas, including fuel
cells, microturbines, reciprocating engines and
industrial gas turbines;
(B) combined heat and power total (electric
and thermal) efficiencies of more than 85 per-
cent;
(C) fuel flexibility to include hydrogen,
biofuels and natural gas;
(D) near zero emissions of pollutants that
form smog and acid rain;
(E) reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
by at least 40 percent;
(F) packaged system integration at end user
facilities providing complete services in heating,
cooling, electricity and air quality; and
(G) increased reliability for the consumer
and greater stability for the national electricity
grid.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying
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out research, development, demonstration, and technology
deployment activities under this subtitle—
(1) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(2) $784,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(3) $878,000,000 for fiscal year 2005; and
(4) $983,000,000 for fiscal year 2006.
(d) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—None of the
funds authorized to be appropriated in subsection (c) may
be used for the following programs of the Department—
(1) Weatherization Assistance Program;
(2) State Energy Program; or
(3) Federal Energy Management Program.
SEC. 1212. ENERGY EFFICIENCY SCIENCE INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT AND AUTHORIZATION OF APPRO-
PRIATIONS.—From amounts authorized under section
1211(c), there are authorized to be appropriated not more
than $50,000,000 in any fiscal year, for an Energy Effi-
ciency Science Initiative to be managed by the Assistant
Secretary in the Department with responsibility for energy
conservation under section 203(a)(9) of the Department of
Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7133(a)(9)), in con-
sultation with the Director of the Office of Science, for
grants to be competitively awarded and subject to peer re-
view for research relating to energy efficiency.
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(b) REPORT.—The Secretary of Energy shall submit
to the Committee on Science and the Committee on Appro-
priations of the United States House of Representatives,
and to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
and the Committee on Appropriations of the United States
Senate, an annual report on the activities of the Energy
Efficiency Science Initiative, including a description of the
process used to award the funds and an explanation of how
the research relates to energy efficiency.
SEC. 1213. NEXT GENERATION LIGHTING INITIATIVE.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the De-
partment a Next Generation Lighting Initiative to research,
develop, and conduct demonstration activities on advanced
solid-state lighting technologies based on white light emit-
ting diodes.
(b) OBJECTIVES.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The objectives of the initiative
shall be to develop, by 2011, advanced solid-state
lighting technologies based on white light emitting di-
odes that, compared to incandescent and fluorescent
lighting technologies, are—
(A) longer lasting;
(B) more energy-efficient; and
(C) cost-competitive.
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(2) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The objective of the initiative with respect to inor-
ganic white light emitting diodes shall be to develop
an inorganic white light emitting diode that has an
efficiency of 160 lumens per watt and a 10-year life-
time.
(3) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The objective of the initiative with respect to organic
white light emitting diodes shall be to develop an or-
ganic white light emitting diode with an efficiency of
100 lumens per watt with a 5-year lifetime that—
(A) illuminates over a full color spectrum;
(B) covers large areas over flexible surfaces;
and
(C) does not contain harmful pollutants
typical of fluorescent lamps such as mercury.
(c) CONSORTIUM.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall initiate
and manage basic and manufacturing-related re-
search on advanced solid-state lighting technologies
based on white light emitting diodes for the initiative,
in cooperation with the Next Generation Lighting
Initiative Consortium.
(2) COMPOSITION.—The consortium shall be
composed of firms, national laboratories, and other
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entities so that the consortium is representative of the
United States solid-state lighting research, develop-
ment, and manufacturing expertise as a whole.
(3) FUNDING.—The consortium shall be funded
by—
(A) participation fees; and
(B) grants provided under subsection (e)(1).
(4) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a
grant under subsection (e)(1), the consortium shall—
(A) enter into a consortium participation
agreement that—
(i) is agreed to by all participants;
and
(ii) describes the responsibilities of
participants, participation fees, and the
scope of research activities; and
(B) develop an annual program plan.
(5) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.—Participants in
the consortium shall have royalty-free nonexclusive
rights to use intellectual property derived from con-
sortium research conducted under subsection (e)(1).
(d) PLANNING BOARD.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after
the establishment of the consortium, the Secretary
shall establish and appoint the members of a plan-
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ning board, to be known as the ‘‘Next Generation
Lighting Initiative Planning Board’’, to assist the
Secretary in carrying out this section.
(2) COMPOSITION.—The planning board shall be
composed of—
(A) four members from universities, na-
tional laboratories, and other individuals with
expertise in advanced solid-state lighting and
technologies based on white light emitting diodes;
and
(B) three members from a list of not less
than six nominees from industry submitted by
the consortium.
(3) STUDY.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days
after the date on which the Secretary appoints
members to the planning board, the planning
board shall complete a study on strategies for the
development and implementation of advanced
solid-state lighting technologies based on white
light emitting diodes.
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The study shall de-
velop a comprehensive strategy to implement,
through the initiative, the use of white light
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emitting diodes to increase energy efficiency and
enhance United States competitiveness.
(C) IMPLEMENTATION.—As soon as prac-
ticable after the study is submitted to the Sec-
retary, the Secretary shall implement the initia-
tive in accordance with the recommendations of
the planning board.
(4) TERMINATION.—The planning board shall
terminate upon completion of the study under para-
graph (3).
(e) GRANTS.—
(1) FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.—The Secretary,
through the consortium, shall make grants to conduct
basic and manufacturing-related research related to
advanced solid-state lighting technologies based on
white light emitting diode technologies.
(2) TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
AND
DEM-
ONSTRATION.—The Secretary shall enter into grants,
contracts, and cooperative agreements to conduct or
promote technology research, development, or dem-
onstration activities. In providing funding under this
paragraph, the Secretary shall give preference to par-
ticipants in the consortium.
(3) CONTINUING ASSESSMENT.—The consortium,
in collaboration with the Secretary, shall formulate
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annual operating and performance objectives, develop
technology roadmaps, and recommend research and
development priorities for the initiative. The Sec-
retary may also establish or utilize advisory commit-
tees, or enter into appropriate arrangements with the
National Academy of Sciences, to conduct periodic re-
views of the initiative. The Secretary shall consider
the results of such assessment and review activities in
making funding decisions under paragraphs (1) and
(2) of this subsection.
(4) 
TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE.—The 
National
Laboratories shall cooperate with and provide tech-
nical assistance to persons carrying out projects
under the initiative.
(5) AUDITS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall re-
tain an independent, commercial auditor to de-
termine the extent to which funds made available
under this section have been expended in a man-
ner that is consistent with the objectives under
subsection (b) and, in the case of funds made
available to the consortium, the annual program
plan 
of 
the 
consortium 
under 
subsection
(c)(4)(B).
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(B) REPORTS.—The auditor shall submit to
Congress, the Secretary, and the Comptroller
General of the United States an annual report
containing the results of the audit.
(6) APPLICABLE
LAW.—Grants, contracts, and
cooperative agreements under this section shall not be
subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation.
(f) PROTECTION OF INFORMATION.—Information ob-
tained by the Federal Government on a confidential basis
under this section shall be considered to constitute trade se-
crets and commercial or financial information obtained
from a person and privileged or confidential under section
552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addi-
tion to amounts authorized under section 1211(c), there are
authorized to be appropriated for activities under this sec-
tion $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2003 through 2011.
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) ADVANCED
SOLID-STATE
LIGHTING.—The
term 
‘‘advanced 
solid-state 
lighting’’ 
means 
a
semiconducting device package and delivery system
that produces white light using externally applied
voltage.
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(2) 
CONSORTIUM.—The 
term 
‘‘consortium’’
means the Next Generation Lighting Initiative Con-
sortium under subsection (c).
(3) INITIATIVE.—The term ‘‘initiative’’ means
the Next Generation Lighting Initiative established
under subsection (a).
(4) INORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The term ‘‘inorganic white light emitting diode’’
means an inorganic semiconducting package that pro-
duces white light using externally applied voltage.
(5) ORGANIC WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—
The term ‘‘organic white light emitting diode’’ means
an organic semiconducting compound that produces
white light using externally applied voltage.
(6) WHITE LIGHT EMITTING DIODE.—The term
‘‘white light emitting diode’’ means—
(A) an inorganic white light emitting diode;
or
(B) an organic white light emitting diode.
SEC. 1214. RAILROAD EFFICIENCY.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall, in co-
operation with the Secretaries of Transportation and De-
fense, and the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, establish a public-private research partnership
involving the Federal Government, railroad carriers, loco-
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motive manufacturers, and the Association of American
Railroads. The goal of the initiative shall include devel-
oping and demonstrating locomotive technologies that in-
crease fuel economy, reduce emissions, improve safety, and
lower costs.
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the requirements
of this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2003 and
$70,000,000 for fiscal year 2004.
SEC. 1215. HIGH POWER DENSITY INDUSTRY PROGRAM.
The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive research,
development, demonstration and deployment program to
improve energy efficiency of high power density facilities,
including data centers, server farms, and telecommuni-
cations facilities. Such program shall consider technologies
that provide significant improvement in thermal controls,
metering, load management, peak load reduction, or the ef-
ficient cooling of electronics.
SEC. 1216. RESEARCH REGARDING PRECIOUS METAL CA-
TALYSIS.
The Secretary of Energy may, for the purpose of devel-
oping improved industrial and automotive catalysts, carry
out research in the use of precious metals (excluding plat-
inum, palladium, and rhodium) in catalysis directly,
through national laboratories, or through grants to or coop-
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erative agreements or contracts with public or nonprofit en-
tities. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
this section such sums as are necessary for fiscal years 2003
through 2006.
Subtitle B—Renewable Energy
SEC. 1221. ENHANCED RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT.
(a) PROGRAM DIRECTION.—The Secretary shall con-
duct balanced energy research, development, demonstration,
and technology deployment programs to enhance the use of
renewable energy.
(b) PROGRAM GOALS.—
(1) WIND POWER.—The goals of the wind power
program shall be to develop, in partnership with in-
dustry, a variety of advanced wind turbine designs
and manufacturing technologies that are cost-competi-
tive with fossil-fuel generated electricity, with a focus
on developing advanced low wind speed technologies
that, by 2007, will enable the expanding utilization
of widespread class 3 and 4 winds.
(2) PHOTOVOLTAICS.—The goal of the photo-
voltaic program shall be to develop, in partnership
with industry, total photovoltaic systems with in-
stalled costs of $4,000 per peak kilowatt by 2005 and
$2,000 per peak kilowatt by 2015.
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(3) SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC SYSTEMS.—The
goal of the solar thermal electric systems program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry,
solar power technologies (including baseload solar
power) that are competitive with fossil-fuel generated
electricity by 2015, by combining high-efficiency and
high-temperature receivers with advanced thermal
storage and power cycles.
(4) BIOMASS-BASED POWER SYSTEMS.—The goal
of the biomass program shall be to develop, in part-
nership with industry, integrated power-generating
systems, advanced conversion, and feedstock tech-
nologies capable of producing electric power that is
cost-competitive with fossil-fuel generated electricity
by 2010, together with the production of fuels, chemi-
cals, and other products under paragraph (6).
(5) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.—The goal of the geo-
thermal program shall be to develop, in partnership
with industry, technologies and processes based on ad-
vanced hydrothermal systems and advanced heat and
power systems, including geothermal heat pump tech-
nology, with a specific focus on—
(A) improving exploration and character-
ization technology to increase the probability of
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drilling successful wells from 20 percent to 40
percent by 2006;
(B) reducing the cost of drilling by 2008 to
an average cost of $150 per foot; and
(C) developing enhanced geothermal systems
technology with the potential to double the use-
able geothermal resource base.
(6) BIOFUELS.—The goal of the biofuels program
shall be to develop, in partnership with industry—
(A) advanced biochemical and thermo-
chemical conversion technologies capable of mak-
ing liquid and gaseous fuels from cellulosic feed-
stocks that are price-competitive with gasoline or
diesel in either internal combustion engines or
fuel cell vehicles by 2010; and
(B) advanced biotechnology processes capa-
ble of making biofuels, biobased polymers, and
chemicals, with particular emphasis on the de-
velopment of biorefineries that use enzyme based
processing systems.
For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘‘cellulosic
feedstock’’ means any portion of a food crop not nor-
mally used in food production or any nonfood crop
grown for the purpose of producing biomass feedstock.
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(7) HYDROGEN-BASED
ENERGY
SYSTEMS.—The
goals of the hydrogen program shall be to support re-
search and development on technologies for produc-
tion, storage, and use of hydrogen, including fuel cells
and, specifically, fuel-cell vehicle development activi-
ties under section 1211.
(8) HYDROPOWER.—The goal of the hydropower
program shall be to develop, in partnership with in-
dustry, a new generation of turbine technologies that
are less damaging to fish and aquatic ecosystems.
(9) ELECTRIC
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
AND
STOR-
AGE.—The goals of the electric energy and storage
program shall be to develop, in partnership with
industry—
(A) generators and transmission, distribu-
tion, and storage systems that combine high ca-
pacity with high efficiency;
(B) technologies to interconnect distributed
energy resources with electric power systems,
comply with any national interconnection stand-
ards, have a minimum 10-year useful life;
(C) advanced technologies to increase the
average efficiency of electric transmission facili-
ties in rural and remote areas, giving priority
for demonstrations to advanced transmission