277 
‘‘(II) a court order that specifi-
cally authorizes the use of caller identi-
fication manipulation. 
‘‘(4) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the 
enactment of the Truth in Caller ID Act of 2006, the 
Commission shall report to Congress whether addi-
tional legislation is necessary to prohibit the provi-
sion of inaccurate caller identification information in 
technologies that are successor or replacement tech-
nologies to telecommunications service or IP-enabled 
voice service. 
‘‘(5) PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(A) CIVIL FORFEITURE.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Any person that is 
determined by the Commission, in accord-
ance with paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 
503(b), to have violated this subsection shall 
be liable to the United States for a forfeiture 
penalty. A forfeiture penalty under this 
paragraph shall be in addition to any other 
penalty provided for by this Act. The 
amount of the forfeiture penalty determined 
under this paragraph shall not exceed 
$10,000 for each violation, or 3 times that 
amount for each day of a continuing viola-
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tion, except that the amount assessed for 
any continuing violation shall not exceed a 
total of $1,000,000 for any single act or 
failure to act. 
‘‘(ii) RECOVERY.—Any forfeiture pen-
alty determined under clause (i) shall be re-
coverable pursuant to section 504(a). 
‘‘(iii) PROCEDURE.—No forfeiture li-
ability shall be determined under clause (i) 
against any person unless such person re-
ceives 
the 
notice 
required 
by 
section 
503(b)(3) or section 503(b)(4). 
‘‘(iv) 2-YEAR
STATUTE
OF
LIMITA-
TIONS.—No forfeiture penalty shall be deter-
mined or imposed against any person under 
clause (i) if the violation charged occurred 
more than 2 years prior to the date of 
issuance of the required notice or notice or 
apparent liability. 
‘‘(B) CRIMINAL
FINE.—Any person who 
willfully and knowingly violates this subsection 
shall upon conviction thereof be fined not more 
than $10,000 for each violation, or 3 times that 
amount for each day of a continuing violation, 
in lieu of the fine provided by section 501 for 
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such a violation. This subparagraph does not su-
persede the provisions of section 501 relating to 
imprisonment or the imposition of a penalty of 
both fine and imprisonment. 
‘‘(6) ENFORCEMENT BY STATES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The chief legal officer of 
a State, or any other State officer authorized by 
law to bring actions on behalf of the residents of 
a State, may bring a civil action, as parens 
patriae, on behalf of the residents of that State 
in an appropriate district court of the United 
States to enforce this subsection or to impose the 
civil penalties for violation of this subsection, 
whenever the chief legal officer or other State of-
ficer has reason to believe that the interests of the 
residents of the State have been or are being 
threatened or adversely affected by a violation of 
this subsection or a regulation under this sub-
section. 
‘‘(B) NOTICE.—The chief legal officer or 
other State officer shall serve written notice on 
the Commission of any civil action under sub-
paragraph (A) prior to initiating such civil ac-
tion. The notice shall include a copy of the com-
plaint to be filed to initiate such civil action, ex-
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cept that if it is not feasible for the State to pro-
vide such prior notice, the State shall provide 
such notice immediately upon instituting such 
civil action. 
‘‘(C) AUTHORITY TO INTERVENE.—Upon re-
ceiving the notice required by subparagraph (B), 
the Commission may intervene in such civil ac-
tion and upon intervening— 
‘‘(i) be heard on all matters arising in 
such civil action; and 
‘‘(ii) file petitions for appeal of a deci-
sion in such civil action. 
‘‘(D) 
CONSTRUCTION.—For 
purposes 
of 
bringing any civil action under subparagraph 
(A), nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the 
chief legal officer or other State officer from exer-
cising the powers conferred on that officer by the 
laws of such State to conduct investigations or to 
administer oaths or affirmations or to compel 
the attendance of witnesses or the production of 
documentary and other evidence. 
‘‘(E) VENUE; SERVICE OF PROCESS.— 
‘‘(i) VENUE.—An action brought under 
subparagraph (A) shall be brought in a dis-
trict court of the United States that meets 
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