I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2549 
To provide for congressional review of the imposition of duties and other 
trade measures by the executive branch, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
APRIL 10, 2023 
Mr. DAVIDSON introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, 
for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case 
for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the 
committee concerned 
A BILL 
To provide for congressional review of the imposition of 
duties and other trade measures by the executive branch, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Global Trade Account-
ability Act of 2023’’. 
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SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF UNILATERAL TRADE 
ACTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 5 of title I of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 155. CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF UNILATERAL 
TRADE ACTIONS. 
‘‘(a) UNILATERAL TRADE ACTION DEFINED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In this section, the term 
‘unilateral trade action’ means any of the following 
actions taken with respect to the importation of an 
article pursuant to a provision of law specified in 
paragraph (2): 
‘‘(A) A prohibition on importation of the 
article. 
‘‘(B) The imposition of or an increase in a 
duty applicable to the article. 
‘‘(C) The imposition or tightening of a tar-
iff-rate quota applicable to the article. 
‘‘(D) The imposition or tightening of a 
quantitative restriction on the importation of 
the article. 
‘‘(E) The suspension, withdrawal, or pre-
vention of the application of trade agreement 
concessions with respect to the article. 
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‘‘(F) Any other restriction on importation 
of the article. 
‘‘(2) PROVISIONS
OF
LAW
SPECIFIED.—The 
provisions of law specified in this paragraph are the 
following: 
‘‘(A) Section 122. 
‘‘(B) Title III. 
‘‘(C) Sections 406, 421, and 422. 
‘‘(D) Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 
(19 U.S.C. 1338). 
‘‘(E) Section 232 of the Trade Expansion 
Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862). 
‘‘(F) Section 103(a) of the Bipartisan Con-
gressional Trade Priorities and Accountability 
Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 4202(a)). 
‘‘(G) The Trading with the Enemy Act (50 
U.S.C. 4301 et seq.). 
‘‘(H) The International Emergency Eco-
nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.). 
‘‘(I) Any provision of law enacted to imple-
ment a trade agreement to which the United 
States is a party. 
‘‘(3) EXCEPTION FOR TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS 
TO HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE.—A technical 
correction to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the 
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United States shall not be considered a unilateral 
trade action for purposes of this section. 
‘‘(b) CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL REQUIRED.—Ex-
cept as provided by subsection (d), a unilateral trade ac-
tion may not take effect unless— 
‘‘(1) the President submits to Congress and to 
the Comptroller General of the United States a re-
port that includes— 
‘‘(A) a description of the proposed unilat-
eral trade action; 
‘‘(B) the proposed effective period for the 
action; 
‘‘(C) an analysis of the action, including 
whether the action is in the national economic 
interest of the United States; 
‘‘(D) an assessment of the potential effect 
of retaliation from trading partners affected by 
the action; and 
‘‘(E) a list of articles that will be affected 
by the action by subheading number of the 
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States; and 
‘‘(2) a joint resolution of approval is enacted 
pursuant to subsection (e). 
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‘‘(c) REPORT
OF COMPTROLLER GENERAL.—Not 
later than 15 days after the submission of the report re-
quired by subsection (b)(1) with respect to a proposed uni-
lateral trade action, the Comptroller General shall submit 
to Congress a report on the proposed action that includes 
an assessment of the compliance of the President with the 
provision of law specified in subsection (a)(2) pursuant to 
which the action would be taken. 
‘‘(d) 
TEMPORARY
AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of this section, a unilateral trade ac-
tion may take effect for one 90-calendar-day period (with-
out renewal) if the President— 
‘‘(1) determines that is necessary for the unilat-
eral trade action to take effect because the action 
is— 
‘‘(A) necessary because of a national emer-
gency; 
‘‘(B) necessary because of an imminent 
threat to health or safety; 
‘‘(C) necessary for the enforcement of 
criminal laws; or 
‘‘(D) necessary for national security; and 
‘‘(2) submits written notice of the determina-
tion to Congress. 
‘‘(e) PROCEDURES FOR JOINT RESOLUTION.— 
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‘‘(1) JOINT RESOLUTION DEFINED.—For pur-
poses of this subsection, the term ‘joint resolution’ 
means only a joint resolution of either House of 
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of 
which is as follows: ‘That Congress approves the ac-
tion proposed by the President under section 155(b) 
of the Trade Act of 1974 in the report submitted to 
Congress under that section on lllllll.’, 
with the blank space being filled with the appro-
priate date. 
‘‘(2) INTRODUCTION.—After a House of Con-
gress receives a report under subsection (b)(1) with 
respect to a unilateral trade action, the majority 
leader of that House (or his or her respective des-
ignee) shall introduce (by request, if appropriate) a 
joint resolution— 
‘‘(A) in the case of the House of Rep-
resentatives, within 3 legislative days; and 
‘‘(B) in the case of the Senate, within 3 
session days. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION OF SECTION 152.—The pro-
visions of subsections (b) through (f) of section 152 
shall apply to a joint resolution under this sub-
section to the same extent those provisions apply to 
a resolution under section 152. 
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‘‘(f) REPORT
BY
THE UNITED STATES INTER-
NATIONAL
TRADE
COMMISSION.—Not later than 12 
months after the date of a unilateral trade action taken 
pursuant to this section, the United States International 
Trade Commission shall submit to the Committee on Fi-
nance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and 
Means of the House of Representatives a report on the 
effects of the action on the United States economy, includ-
ing a comprehensive assessment of the economic effects 
of the action on producers and consumers in the United 
States.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for the Trade Act of 1974 is amended by inserting after 
the item relating to section 154 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 155. Congressional review of unilateral trade actions.’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) BALANCE-OF-PAYMENTS AUTHORITY.—Sec-
tion 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2132) 
is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), in the flush text fol-
lowing paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and subject 
to approval under section 155’’ after ‘‘Con-
gress)’’; 
(B) in subsection (c), in the flush text fol-
lowing paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘and subject 
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to approval under section 155’’ after ‘‘Con-
gress)’’; and 
(C) in subsection (g), by inserting ‘‘and 
subject to approval under section 155’’ after 
‘‘of this section’’. 
(2) RULES OF HOUSE AND SENATE.—Section 
151(a) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2191(a)) is amended— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘and 153’’ and inserting ‘‘, 153, 
and 155’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘and 
153(a)’’ and inserting ‘‘, 153(a), and 155(e)’’. 
(3) ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS UNDER TRADE 
AGREEMENTS.—Title III of the Trade Act of 1974 
(19 U.S.C. 2411 et seq.) is amended— 
(A) in section 301— 
(i) in subsection (a), in the flush text, 
by inserting ‘‘to approval under section 
155 and’’ after ‘‘subsection (c), subject’’; 
and 
(ii) in subsection (b)(2), by inserting 
‘‘to approval under section 155 and’’ after 
‘‘subsection (c), subject’’; 
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(B) in section 305(a)(1), by inserting ‘‘to 
approval under section 155 and’’ after ‘‘section 
301, subject’’; and 
(C) in section 307(a)(1), in the matter pre-
ceding subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘to ap-
proval under section 155 and’’ after ‘‘any ac-
tion, subject’’. 
(4) MARKET DISRUPTION.—Section 406 of the 
Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2436) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b), in the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘With respect 
to’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to approval under 
section 155, with respect to’’; and 
(B) in subsection (c), in the second sen-
tence, by striking ‘‘If the President’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘Subject to approval under section 155, if 
the President’’. 
(5) ACTION
TO
ADDRESS
MARKET
DISRUP-
TION.—Section 421 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2451) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘and 
subject to approval under section 155’’ after 
‘‘of this section’’; 
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(B) in subsection (i)(4)(A), by inserting ‘‘, 
subject to approval under section 155,’’ after 
‘‘provisional relief and’’; 
(C) in subsection (k)(1), by striking 
‘‘Within 15 days’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to 
section 155, within 15 days’’; 
(D) by striking subsection (m) and by re-
designating subsections (n) and (o) as sub-
sections (m) and (n), respectively; 
(E) in subsection (m), as redesignated by 
subparagraph (D)— 
(i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘sub-
section (m)’’ and inserting ‘‘this section’’; 
and 
(ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting 
‘‘and subject to approval under section 
155’’ after ‘‘paragraph (1)’’; and 
(F) in paragraph (3) of subsection (n), as 
redesignated by subparagraph (D), by striking 
‘‘subsection (m)’’ and inserting ‘‘this section’’. 
(6) ACTION
IN
RESPONSE
TO
TRADE
DIVER-
SION.—Section 422(h) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2451a(h)) is amended by striking ‘‘Within 20 
days’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to approval under sec-
tion 155, within 20 days’’. 
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(7) 
DISCRIMINATION
BY
FOREIGN
COUN-
TRIES.—Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 
U.S.C. 1338) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), in the matter pre-
ceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, subject to 
approval under section 155 of the Trade Act of 
1974,’’ after ‘‘by proclamation’’; 
(B) in subsection (b), by inserting ‘‘subject 
to approval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 and’’ after ‘‘hereby authorized,’’; 
(C) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘Any 
proclamation’’ and inserting ‘‘Subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act of 
1974, any proclamation’’; 
(D) in subsection (d), by inserting ‘‘subject 
to approval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 and’’ after ‘‘he shall,’’; and 
(E) in subsection (e), by inserting ‘‘subject 
to approval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974 and’’ after ‘‘he shall,’’. 
(8) SAFEGUARDING NATIONAL SECURITY.—Sec-
tion 232(c)(1)(B) of the Trade Expansion Act of 
1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862(c)(1)(B)) is amended by in-
serting ‘‘, subject to approval under section 155 of 
the Trade Act of 1974,’’ after ‘‘shall’’. 
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(9) BIPARTISAN CONGRESSIONAL TRADE PRIOR-
ITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2015.—Section 
103(a) of the Bipartisan Congressional Trade Prior-
ities and Accountability Act of 2015 (19 U.S.C. 
4202(a)) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade Act of 
1974’’ after ‘‘paragraphs (2) and (3)’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade Act of 
1974’’ after ‘‘3524)’’. 
(10) INTERNATIONAL
EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC 
POWERS ACT.—Section 203(a)(1)(B) of the Inter-
national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1702(a)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting 
‘‘(subject to section 155 of the Trade Act of 1974)’’ 
after ‘‘importation’’. 
(11) TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT.—Section 
11 of the Trading with the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. 
4311) is amended by striking ‘‘Whenever’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Subject to approval under section 155 of 
the Trade Act of 1974, whenever’’. 
(12) FREE TRADE AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTING 
BILLS.— 
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(A) 
UNITED
STATES-MEXICO-CANADA 
AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ACT.—Section 
104 of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agree-
ment Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 4515) is 
amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) 
by inserting ‘‘, subject to approval under sec-
tion 155 of the Trade Act of 1974,’’ after ‘‘that 
action may’’. 
(B) 
URUGUAY
ROUND
AGREEMENTS 
ACT.—Section 111 of the Uruguay Round 
Agreements Act (19 U.S.C. 3521) is amend-
ed— 
(i) in subsection (a), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
subject to approval under section 155 of 
the Trade Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘2902)’’; 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 115’’; 
(iii) in subsection (c)(1)(A), in the 
flush text at the end, by striking ‘‘may’’ 
and inserting ‘‘may, subject to approval 
under section 155 of the Trade Act of 
1974,’’; and 
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(iv) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting 
‘‘and approval under section 155 of the 
Trade Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 115’’. 
(C) UNITED STATES-ISRAEL FREE TRADE 
AREA IMPLEMENTATION ACT OF 1985.—Section 
4 of the United States-Israel Free Trade Area 
Implementation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99– 
47; 19 U.S.C. 2112 note) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
subject to approval under section 155 of 
the Trade Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘subsection 
(c)’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
subject to approval under section 155 of 
the Trade Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘subsection 
(c)’’. 
(D) UNITED STATES-JORDAN FREE TRADE 
AREA IMPLEMENTATION ACT.—Section 101 of 
the United States-Jordan Free Trade Area Im-
plementation Act (Public Law 107–43; 19 
U.S.C. 2112 note) is amended— 
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(i) in subsection (a), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’. 
(E) 
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC-CENTRAL 
AMERICA-UNITED STATES FREE TRADE AGREE-
MENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT.—Section 201 of 
the 
Dominican 
Republic-Central 
America- 
United States Free Trade Agreement Imple-
mentation Act (19 U.S.C. 4031) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
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(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 103(a)’’. 
(H) UNITED
STATES-AUSTRALIA
FREE 
TRADE
AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ACT.— 
Section 201 of the United States-Australia Free 
Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public 
Law 108–286; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) is amend-
ed— 
(i) in subsection (a), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
(I) 
UNITED
STATES-MOROCCO
FREE 
TRADE
AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ACT.— 
Section 201 of the United States-Morocco Free 
Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public 
Law 108–302; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) is amend-
ed— 
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(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
(J) UNITED STATES-BAHRAIN FREE TRADE 
AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ACT.—Section 
201 of the United States-Bahrain Free Trade 
Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 
109–169; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
(K) UNITED
STATES-OMAN
FREE
TRADE 
AGREEMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
ACT.—Section 
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201 of the United States-Oman Free Trade 
Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 
109–283; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
(L) UNITED
STATES-PERU
TRADE
PRO-
MOTION AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT.— 
Section 201 of the United States-Peru Trade 
Promotion 
Agreement 
Implementation 
Act 
(Public Law 110–138; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) is 
amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
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proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
(O) UNITED STATES-PANAMA TRADE PRO-
MOTION AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ACT.— 
Section 201 of the United States-Panama 
Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation 
Act (Public Law 112–43; 19 U.S.C. 3805 note) 
is amended— 
(i) in subsection (a)(1), in the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
‘‘may’’ and inserting ‘‘may, subject to ap-
proval under section 155 of the Trade Act 
of 1974,’’; and 
(ii) in subsection (b), in the matter 
preceding paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘and 
approval under section 155 of the Trade 
Act of 1974’’ after ‘‘section 104’’. 
Æ 
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