1182 
War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006 (Public 
Law 109–234; 120 Stat. 443), as added by section 1102 
of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 122 Stat. 
4616) and as most recently amended by section 1114 of 
the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2022 (Public Law 117–81), is further amended by strik-
ing ‘‘2023’’ and inserting ‘‘2024’’. 
SEC. 1103. STANDARDIZED CREDENTIALS FOR LAW EN-
FORCEMENT OFFICERS OF THE DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE. 
(a) STANDARDIZED CREDENTIALS REQUIRED.—Not 
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall— 
(1) develop a standardized identification creden-
tial for Defense law enforcement officers; 
(2) issue such credential to each such officer at 
no cost to such officer; and 
(3) ensure that any Department of Defense 
common access card issued to such an officer clearly 
identifies the officer as a Defense law enforcement 
officer. 
(b) DEFENSE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘Defense law enforce-
1183 
ment officer’’ means a member of the Armed Forces or 
civilian employee of the Department of Defense who— 
(1) is authorized by law to engage in or super-
vise the prevention, detection, investigation, or pros-
ecution of, or the incarceration of any person for, 
any violation of law; 
(2) has statutory powers of arrest or apprehen-
sion under section 807(b) of title 10, United States 
Code (article 7(b) of the Uniform Code of Military 
Justice); and 
(3) is authorized by the Department to carry a 
firearm. 
SEC. 1104. TEMPORARY EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO 
PROVIDE SECURITY FOR FORMER DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE OFFICIALS. 
During the period beginning on the date of enactment 
of this Act and ending on January 1, 2024, subsection 
(b) of section 714 of title 10, United States Code, shall 
be applied— 
(1) in paragraph (1)(A), by substituting ‘‘a se-
rious and credible threat’’ for ‘‘an imminent and 
credible threat’’; 
(2) in paragraph (2)(B), by substituting ‘‘three 
years’’ for ‘‘two years’’; and 
(3) in paragraph (6)(A), by substituting—
1184 
(A) ‘‘congressional leadership and the con-
gressional defense committees’’ for ‘‘the con-
gressional defense committees’’; and 
(B) by substituting ‘‘the justification for 
such determination, scope of the protection, and 
the anticipated cost and duration of such pro-
tection’’ for ‘‘the justification for such deter-
mination’’. 
SEC. 1105. INCREASE IN POSITIONS ELIGIBLE FOR EN-
HANCED PAY AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN RE-
SEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY POSITIONS IN 
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REINVENTION 
LABORATORIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 4094(e)(2) of title 10, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘five’’ and 
inserting ‘‘ten’’. 
(b) APPLICATION.—The amendment made by sub-
section (a) shall take effect immediately after section 
851(a). 
SEC. 1106. GAO REPORT ON FEDERAL EMPLOYEE PAID 
LEAVE ACT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 1, 2024, 
the Comptroller General shall submit, to the Committee 
on Armed Services and the Committee on Oversight and 
Reform of the House of Representatives, a report on the
1185 
implementation of the Federal Employee Paid Leave Act 
(subtitle A of title LXXVI of division F of Public Law 
116–92), the Paid Parental Leave Technical Corrections 
Act of 2020 (section 1103 of Public Law 116–283, and 
the amendments made by such Acts. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The report under subsection (a) 
shall review, assess, and provide recommendations, as ap-
propriate, on the following: 
(1) Any data collected or used by the Office of 
Personnel Management on the use of paid parental 
leave provided by such Acts and the amendments 
made by such Acts. 
(2) Office of Personnel Management and Fed-
eral agencies’ efforts to make employees aware of 
paid parental leave under such Acts and the amend-
ments made by such Acts, address any obstacles to 
the use of paid parental leave, and monitor the im-
pact of such Acts and the amendments made by 
such Acts on hiring, recruitment, and retention of 
employees. 
SEC. 1107. INFLATION BONUS PAY FOR CERTAIN DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES. 
(a) GENERAL SCHEDULE
AND OTHER EMPLOY-
EES.—
1186 
(1) BONUS.—On the first day of the first pay 
period beginning on or after January 1, 2023, and 
on the first day of each of the months of February 
through December in calendar year 2023, the Sec-
retary of Defense shall pay a bonus to each civilian 
employee of the Department of Defense who— 
(A) is under the General Schedule and has 
an annual rate of basic pay equal to $45,000 or 
less; or 
(B) is within the civil service (as that term 
is defined in section 2101 of title 5, United 
States Code), is not under the General Schedule 
or the Federal Wage System, and has an an-
nual rate of basic pay equal to $45,000 or less. 
(2) AMOUNT.—The monthly bonus paid under 
paragraph (1) to an employee shall be in an amount 
determined by the Secretary, based on prevailing 
economic conditions that adversely affect civilian em-
ployees, but in no case shall be less than 2.4 percent 
of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for such em-
ployee on the first day of such pay period. 
(b) FEDERAL WAGE SYSTEM EMPLOYEES.— 
(1) BONUS.—On the first day that the wage 
survey adjustment for fiscal year 2023 takes effect 
in October of that fiscal year, and on and the first
1187 
day of each of the months of November through 
September of such fiscal year, the Secretary of De-
fense shall pay a bonus to each civilian employee of 
the Department of Defense who— 
(A) is a prevailing rate employee under the 
Federal Wage System; and 
(B) has an annual rate of basic pay equal 
to $45,000 or less. 
(2) AMOUNT.—The monthly bonus paid under 
paragraph (1) to an employee shall be in an amount 
determined by the Secretary, based on prevailing 
economic conditions that adversely affect civilian em-
ployees, but in no case shall be less than 2.4 percent 
of the annual rate of basic pay in effect for such em-
ployee on the first day that such adjustment takes 
effect. 
(c) LIMITATIONS.—A bonus under subsection (a) or 
(b)— 
(1) may not be paid after December 1, 2023, 
or September 1, 2023, respectively; and 
(2) shall not be considered to be basic pay of 
an employee for any purpose. 
SEC. 1108. FLEXIBLE WORKPLACE PROGRAMS. 
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall ensure
1188 
that each Secretary of a military department modifies any 
guidance relating to flexible workplace programs to ensure 
that maximum practicable flexibility is allowed to permit 
employees to perform all or a portion of the duties of such 
employees— 
(1) at a telecommuting center established pur-
suant to statute; or 
(2) through the use of flexible workplace serv-
ices agreements. 
SEC. 1109. GAO STUDY ON FEDERAL WAGE SYSTEM PARITY 
WITH LOCAL PREVAILING WAGE RATE. 
(a) STUDY.—The Comptroller General of the United 
States shall review the parity between the Federal Wage 
System and the prevailing wage rate for wage grade work-
ers who maintain or repair, or help support those who 
maintain or repair U.S. Navy ships or submarines and— 
(1) are employed at the four U.S. Navy public 
shipyards; 
(2) are employed at domestic U.S. naval bases 
with facilities to maintain or repair U.S. Navy ships 
or submarines and are in vicinity of competitive pri-
vate defense industry; or 
(3) are employed at domestic U.S. naval bases 
with facilities to maintain or repair U.S. Navy ships 
or submarines and are located within close com-
1189 
muting distance from a high-income area, such that 
wage grade jobs must compete with other means of 
employment for workers of equivalent skillsets and 
academic achievement. 
(b) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.—Such study shall also 
review— 
(1) the Government-wide administration of the 
Federal Wage System including the regulations, poli-
cies, and processes for establishing or modifying geo-
graphic boundaries of local wage areas; 
(2) the process of developing and administering 
the local wage surveys and setting wage schedules 
for all Federal Wage System workers including those 
discussed in subsection (a); 
(3) the use of Federal contractors to perform 
work skills and occupational duties comparable to 
Federal Wage System employees at the four U.S. 
Navy public shipyards and domestic U.S. naval 
bases with facilities to maintain or repair U.S. Navy 
ships or submarines; 
(4) the legal framework of the Federal Wage 
System and Department of Defense and Office of 
Personnel Management policies as compared to the 
General Schedule system, including differences in 
the local wage areas for workers, such as occupa-
1190 
tional coverage, geographic coverage, pay ranges, 
pay increase limits, and pay adjustment cycles; and 
(5) provide recommendations to Congress, as 
applicable, based on the findings. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall provide a briefing to the Committees on Armed Serv-
ices of the Senate and House of Representatives on pre-
liminary findings of such review. 
(d) REPORT.—The Comptroller General shall submit 
to the committees identified in subsection (c) a report con-
taining the final results of such review on a date agreed 
to at the time of the briefing. 
SEC. 1110. TEMPORARY AUTHORITY TO APPOINT RETIRED 
MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES TO MILI-
TARY HEALTH SYSTEM POSITIONS. 
Section 1108 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(Public Law 116–283) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘subsection 
(b)’’ and inserting ‘‘subsection (b) or (c)’’; 
(2) in the heading for subsection (b), by strik-
ing ‘‘POSITIONS’’ and inserting ‘‘DEFENSE INDUS-
TRIAL BASE FACILITY POSITIONS’’;
1191 
(3) by redesignating subsections (c), (d), and 
(e) as subsections (d), (e), and (f), respectively; 
(4) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(c) MILITARY HEALTH SYSTEM POSITIONS.—The 
positions in the Department described in this subsection 
are medical or health profession positions in the civil serv-
ice within the military health system.’’; and 
(5) by amending subsection (f) (as redesignated 
by paragraph (3) of this section) to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘civil service’ has the meaning 
given that term in section 2101 of title 5, United 
States Code; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘medical or health profession po-
sitions’ means any position listed under any of para-
graphs (1), (2), or (3) of section 7401 of title 38, 
United States Code; and 
‘‘(3) the terms ‘member’ and ‘Secretary con-
cerned’ have the meaning given those terms in sec-
tion 101 of title 37, United States Code.’’. 
SEC. 1111. PURCHASE OF RETIRED HANDGUNS BY FED-
ERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of Gen-
1192 
eral Services shall establish a program under which a Fed-
eral law enforcement officer may purchase a retired hand-
gun from the Federal agency that issued the handgun to 
such officer. 
(b) LIMITATIONS.—A Federal law enforcement offi-
cer may purchase a retired handgun under subsection (a) 
if— 
(1) the purchase is made during the 6-month 
period beginning on the date the handgun was so re-
tired; 
(2) with respect to such purchase, the officer 
has passed a background check within 30 days of 
purchase under the national instant criminal back-
ground check system established under the Brady 
Handgun Violence Prevention Act; and 
(3) with respect to such purchase, the officer is 
in good standing with the Federal agency that em-
ploys such officer. 
(c) COST.—A handgun purchased under this section 
shall be sold at the fair market value for such handgun 
taking into account the age and condition of the handgun. 
(d) SENSE OF CONGRESS ON USE OF FUNDS.—It is 
the sense of Congress that any amounts received by the 
Government from the sale of a handgun under this section 
should be transferred and used to fund evidence-based gun
1193 
violence prevention or gun safety education and training 
programs. 
(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘Federal law enforcement officer’’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 
115(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code; 
(2) the term ‘‘handgun’’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 921(a) of title 18, United 
States Code; and 
(3) the term ‘‘retired handgun’’ means any 
handgun that has been declared surplus by the ap-
plicable agency. 
SEC. 1112. NATIONAL DIGITAL RESERVE CORPS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subpart I of part III of title 5, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new chapter: 
‘‘CHAPTER 104—NATIONAL DIGITAL 
RESERVE CORPS 
‘‘Sec. 10401. Definitions. 
‘‘Sec. 10402. Establishment. 
‘‘Sec. 10403. Organization. 
‘‘Sec. 10404. Assignments. 
‘‘Sec. 10405. Reservist continuing education. 
‘‘Sec. 10406. Congressional reports. 
‘‘SEC. 10401. DEFINITIONS. 
‘‘In this chapter: 
‘‘(1) ACTIVE RESERVIST.—The term ‘active re-
servist’ means a reservist holding a position to which
1194 
such reservist has been appointed under section 
10403(c)(2). 
‘‘(2) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘Adminis-
trator’ means the Administrator of the General 
Services Administration. 
‘‘(3) COVERED EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term 
‘covered Executive agency’ means an Executive 
agency as defined in section 105, except that such 
term includes the United States Postal Service, the 
Postal Regulatory Commission, and the Executive 
Office of the President. 
‘‘(4) PROGRAM.—The term ‘Program’ means 
the program established under section 10402(a). 
‘‘(5) RESERVIST.—The term ‘reservist’ means 
an individual who is a member of the National Dig-
ital Reserve Corps. 
‘‘SEC. 10402. ESTABLISHMENT. 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
General Services Administration a program to establish, 
manage, and assign a reserve of individuals with relevant 
skills and credentials, to be know as the ‘National Digital 
Reserve Corps’, to help address the digital and cybersecu-
rity needs of covered Executive agencies. 
‘‘(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—
1195 
‘‘(1) GUIDANCE.—Not later than six months 
after the date of the enactment of this section, the 
Administrator shall issue guidance for the National 
Digital Reserve Corps, which shall include proce-
dures for coordinating with covered Executive agen-
cies to— 
‘‘(A) identify digital and cybersecurity 
needs which may be addressed by the National 
Digital Reserve Corps; and 
‘‘(B) assign active reservists to address 
such needs. 
‘‘(2) RECRUITMENT
AND
INITIAL
ASSIGN-
MENTS.—Not later than one year after the date of 
the enactment of this section, the Administrator 
shall begin recruiting reservists and assigning active 
reservists under the Program. 
‘‘SEC. 10403. ORGANIZATION. 
‘‘(a) ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The National Digital Re-
serve Corps shall be administered by the Adminis-
trator. 
‘‘(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In carrying out the 
Program, the Administrator shall—
1196 
‘‘(A) establish standards for serving as a 
reservist, including educational attainment, pro-
fessional qualifications, and background checks; 
‘‘(B) ensure the standards established 
under subparagraph (A) are met; 
‘‘(C) recruit individuals to the National 
Digital Reserve Corps; 
‘‘(D) activate and deactivate reservists as 
necessary; 
‘‘(E) coordinate with covered Executive 
agencies to— 
‘‘(i) determine the digital and cyberse-
curity needs which reservists shall be as-
signed to address; 
‘‘(ii) ensure reservists have access, re-
sources, and equipment required to address 
digital and cybersecurity needs which such 
reservists are assigned to address; and 
‘‘(iii) analyze potential assignments 
for reservists to determine outcomes, de-
velop anticipated assignment timelines, and 
identify covered Executive agency partners; 
‘‘(F) ensure reservists acquire and main-
tain appropriate security clearances; and
1197 
‘‘(G) determine what additional resources, 
if any, are required to successfully implement 
the Program. 
‘‘(b) NATIONAL DIGITAL RESERVE CORPS PARTICI-
PATION.— 
‘‘(1) SERVICE OBLIGATION AGREEMENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—An individual may be-
come a reservist only if such individual enters 
into a written agreement with the Adminis-
trator to become a reservist. 
‘‘(B) CONTENTS.—The agreement under 
subparagraph (A) shall— 
‘‘(i) require the individual seeking to 
become a reservist to serve as a reservist 
for a three-year period, during which such 
individual shall serve not less then 30 days 
per year as an active reservist; and 
‘‘(ii) set forth all other the rights and 
obligations of the individual and the Gen-
eral Services Administration. 
‘‘(2) COMPENSATION.—The Administrator shall 
determine the appropriate compensation for service 
as a reservists, except that the annual pay for such 
service shall not exceed $10,000.
1198 
‘‘(3) EMPLOYMENT
PROTECTIONS.—The Sec-
retary of Labor shall prescribe such regulations as 
necessary to ensure the reemployment, continuation 
of benefits, and non-discrimination in reemployment 
of active reservists, provided that such regulations 
shall include, at a minimum, those rights and obliga-
tions set forth under chapter 43 of title 38. 
‘‘(4) PENALTIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A reservist that fails 
to accept an appointment under subsection 
(c)(2) or fails to carry out the duties assigned 
to reservist under such an appointment shall, 
after notice and an opportunity to be heard— 
‘‘(i) cease to be a reservist; and 
‘‘(ii) be fined an amount equal to the 
sum of— 
‘‘(I) an amount equal to the 
amounts, if any, paid under section 
10405 with respect to such reservist, 
and 
‘‘(II) the difference between the 
amount of compensation such reserv-
ist would have received if the reservist 
completed the entire term of service 
as a reservist agreed to in the agree-
1199 
ment described in paragraph (1) and 
the amount of compensation such re-
servist has received under such agree-
ment. 
‘‘(B) 
EXCEPTION.—Subparagraph 
(A) 
shall not apply with respect to a failure of a re-
servist to accept an appointment under sub-
section (c)(2) or to carry out the duties as-
signed to the reservist under such an appoint-
ment if— 
‘‘(i) the failure was due to the death 
or disability of such reservist; or 
‘‘(ii) the Administrator determines 
that subparagraph (A) should not apply 
with respect to the failure. 
‘‘(c) HIRING AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(1) CORPS LEADERSHIP.—The Administrator 
may appoint, without regard to the provisions of 
subchapter I of chapter 33 (other than sections 
3303 and 3328) of this title, qualified candidates to 
positions in the competitive service in the General 
Service Administration for which the primary duties 
are related to the management or administration of 
the National Digital Reserve Corps, as determined 
by the Administrator.
1200 
‘‘(2) CORPS RESERVISTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
may appoint, without regard to the provisions 
of subchapter I of chapter 33 (other than sec-
tions 3303 and 3328), qualified reservists to 
temporary positions in the competitive service 
for the purpose of assigning such reservists 
under section 10404 and to otherwise carry out 
the National Digital Reserve Corps. 
‘‘(B) APPOINTMENT LIMITS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator 
may not appoint an individual under this 
paragraph if, during the 365-day period 
ending on the date of such appointment, 
such individual has been an officer or em-
ployee of the executive or legislative branch 
of the United States Government, of any 
independent agency of the United States, 
or of the District of Columbia for not less 
than 130 days. 
‘‘(ii) AUTOMATIC APPOINTMENT TER-
MINATION.—The appointment of an indi-
vidual under this paragraph shall termi-
nate upon such individual being employed 
as an officer or employee of the executive
1201 
or legislative branch of the United States 
Government, of any independent agency of 
the United States, or of the District of Co-
lumbia for 130 days during the previous 
365 days. 
‘‘(C) EMPLOYEE
STATUS.—An individual 
appointed under this paragraph shall be consid-
ered a special Government employee (as such 
term is defined in section 202(a) of title 18). 
‘‘(D) ADDITIONAL
EMPLOYEES.—Individ-
uals appointed under this paragraph shall be in 
addition to any employees of the General Serv-
ices Administration whose duties relate to the 
digital or cybersecurity needs of the General 
Services Administration. 
‘‘SEC. 10404. ASSIGNMENTS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator may assign 
active reservists to address the digital and cybersecurity 
needs of covered Executive agencies, including cybersecu-
rity services, digital education and training, data triage, 
acquisition assistance, guidance on digital projects, devel-
opment of technical solutions, and bridging public needs 
and private sector capabilities. 
‘‘(b) ASSIGNMENT-SPECIFIC ACCESS, RESOURCES, 
SUPPLIES, OR EQUIPMENT.—The head of a covered Exec-
1202 
utive agency shall, to the extent practicable, provide each 
active reservist assigned to address a digital or cybersecu-
rity need of such covered Executive agency under sub-
section (a) with any specialized access, resources, supplies, 
or equipment required to address such digital or cyberse-
curity need. 
‘‘(c) DURATION.—An assignment of an individual 
under subsection (a) shall terminate on the earlier of— 
‘‘(1) the date determined by the Administrator; 
‘‘(2) the date on which the Administrator re-
ceives notification of the decision of the head of the 
covered Executive agency, the digital or cybersecu-
rity needs of which such individual is assigned to ad-
dress under subsection (a), that such assignment 
should terminate; or 
‘‘(3) the date on which the assigned individual 
ceases to be an active reservist. 
‘‘SEC. 10405. RESERVIST CONTINUING EDUCATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations, the Administrator may pay for reservists to 
acquire training and receive continuing education, includ-
ing attending conferences and seminars and obtaining cer-
tifications, that will enable reservists to more effectively 
meet the digital and cybersecurity needs of covered Execu-
tive agencies.
1203 
‘‘(b) APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall estab-
lish a process for reservists to apply for the payment of 
reasonable expenses related to the training or continuing 
education described in subsection (a). 
‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, 
the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report on 
the expenditures under this subsection. 
‘‘SEC. 10406. CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS. 
‘‘Not later than two years after the date of the enact-
ment of this section, and annually thereafter, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to Congress a report on the Program, 
including— 
‘‘(1) the number of reservists; 
‘‘(2) a list of covered Executive agencies that 
have submitted requests for support from the Na-
tional Digital Reserve Corps; 
‘‘(3) the nature and status of such requests; 
and 
‘‘(4) with respect to each such request to which 
active reservists have been assigned and for which 
work by the National Digital Reserve Corps has con-
cluded, an evaluation of such work and the results 
of such work by—
1204 
‘‘(A) the covered Executive agency that 
submitted the request; and 
‘‘(B) the reservists assigned to such re-
quest.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters 
for part III of title 5, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the item related to chapter 103 the fol-
lowing new item: 
‘‘104. National Digital Reserve Corps .......................................10403’’. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000, to remain 
available until fiscal year 2023, to carry out the program 
established under section 10402(a) of title 5, United 
States Code, as added by this section. 
Subtitle B—PLUM Act of 2022 
SEC. 1121. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Periodically List-
ing Updates to Management Act of 2022’’ or the ‘‘PLUM 
Act of 2022’’. 
SEC. 1122. ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC WEBSITE ON GOV-
ERNMENT POLICY AND SUPPORTING POSI-
TIONS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 33 
of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
1205 
‘‘§ 3330f. Government policy and supporting position 
data 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘agency’ means— 
‘‘(A) any Executive agency, the United 
States Postal Service, and the Postal Regu-
latory Commission; and 
‘‘(B) the Executive Office of the President 
and any component within that Office (includ-
ing any successor component), including— 
‘‘(i) the Council of Economic Advi-
sors; 
‘‘(ii) the Council on Environmental 
Quality; 
‘‘(iii) the National Security Council; 
‘‘(iv) the Office of the Vice President; 
‘‘(v) the Office of Policy Development; 
‘‘(vi) the Office of Administration; 
‘‘(vii) the Office of Management and 
Budget; 
‘‘(viii) the Office of the United States 
Trade Representative; 
‘‘(ix) the Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy; 
‘‘(x) the Office of National Drug Con-
trol Policy; and
1206 
‘‘(xi) the White House Office, includ-
ing the White House Office of Presidential 
Personnel. 
‘‘(2) APPOINTEE.—The term ‘appointee’— 
‘‘(A) means an individual serving in a pol-
icy and supporting position; and 
‘‘(B) includes an individual serving in such 
a position temporarily in an acting capacity in 
accordance with— 
‘‘(i) sections 3345 through 3349d 
(commonly referred to as the ‘Federal Va-
cancies Reform Act of 1998’); 
‘‘(ii) any other statutory provision de-
scribed in section 3347(a)(1); or 
‘‘(iii) a Presidential appointment de-
scribed in section 3347(a)(2). 
‘‘(3) COVERED
WEBSITE.—The term ‘covered 
website’ means the website established and main-
tained by the Director under subsection (b). 
‘‘(4) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘Director’ means 
the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. 
‘‘(5) POLICY AND SUPPORTING POSITION.—The 
term ‘policy and supporting position’— 
‘‘(A) means any position at an agency, as 
determined by the Director, that, but for this
1207 
section and section 2(b)(3) of the PLUM Act of 
2022, would be included in the publication enti-
tled ‘United States Government Policy and 
Supporting Positions’ (commonly referred to as 
the ‘Plum Book’); and 
‘‘(B) may include— 
‘‘(i) a position on any level of the Ex-
ecutive Schedule under subchapter II of 
chapter 53, or another position with an 
equivalent rate of pay; 
‘‘(ii) a general position (as defined in 
section 3132(a)(9)) in the Senior Execu-
tive service; 
‘‘(iii) a position in the Senior Foreign 
Service; 
‘‘(iv) a position of a confidential or 
policy-determining character under sched-
ule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, 
Code of Federal Regulations, or any suc-
cessor regulation; and 
‘‘(v) any other position classified at or 
above level GS–14 of the General Schedule 
(or equivalent) that is excepted from the 
competitive service by law because of the
1208 
confidential or policy-determining nature of 
the position duties. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF WEBSITE.—Not later than 
1 year after the date of enactment of the PLUM Act of 
2022, the Director shall establish, and thereafter the Di-
rector shall maintain, a public website containing the fol-
lowing information for the President in office on the date 
of establishment and for each subsequent President: 
‘‘(1) Each policy and supporting position in the 
Federal Government, including any such position 
that is vacant. 
‘‘(2) The name of each individual who— 
‘‘(A) is serving in a position described in 
paragraph (1); or 
‘‘(B) previously served in a position de-
scribed in such paragraph under the applicable 
President. 
‘‘(3) Information on— 
‘‘(A) any Government-wide or agency-wide 
limitation on the total number of positions in 
the Senior Executive Service under section 
3133 or 3134 or the total number of positions 
under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of 
title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; and
1209 
‘‘(B) the total number of individuals occu-
pying such positions. 
‘‘(c) CONTENTS.—With respect to any policy and 
supporting position listed on the covered website, the Di-
rector shall include— 
‘‘(1) the agency, and agency component, (in-
cluding the agency and bureau code used by the Of-
fice of Management and Budget) in which the posi-
tion is located; 
‘‘(2) the name of the position; 
‘‘(3) the name of the individual occupying the 
position (if any); 
‘‘(4) the geographic location of the position, in-
cluding the city, State or province, and country; 
‘‘(5) the pay system under which the position is 
paid; 
‘‘(6) the level, grade, or rate of pay; 
‘‘(7) the term or duration of the appointment 
(if any); 
‘‘(8) the expiration date, in the case of a time- 
limited appointment; 
‘‘(9) a unique identifier for each appointee; 
‘‘(10) whether the position is vacant; and 
‘‘(11) for any position that is vacant—
1210 
‘‘(A) for a position for which appointment 
is required to be made by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, the 
name of the acting official; and 
‘‘(B) for other positions, the name of the 
official performing the duties of the vacant po-
sition. 
‘‘(d) CURRENT DATA.—For each agency, the Direc-
tor shall indicate in the information on the covered website 
the date that the agency last updated the data. 
‘‘(e) FORMAT.—The Director shall make the data on 
the covered website available to the public at no cost over 
the internet in a searchable, sortable, downloadable, and 
machine-readable format so that the data qualifies as an 
open Government data asset, as defined in section 3502 
of title 44. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORITY OF DIRECTOR.— 
‘‘(1) INFORMATION
REQUIRED.—Each agency 
shall provide to the Director any information that 
the Director determines necessary to establish and 
maintain the covered website, including the informa-
tion uploaded under paragraph (4). 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
AGENCIES.—Not 
later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
PLUM Act of 2022, the Director shall issue instruc-
1211 
tions to agencies with specific requirements for the 
provision or uploading of information required under 
paragraph (1), including— 
‘‘(A) specific data standards that an agen-
cy shall follow to ensure that the information is 
complete, accurate, and reliable; 
‘‘(B) data quality assurance methods; and 
‘‘(C) the timeframe during which an agen-
cy shall provide or upload the information, in-
cluding the timeframe described under para-
graph (4). 
‘‘(3) PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY.—The Director 
shall identify on the covered website any agency that 
has failed to provide— 
‘‘(A) the information required by the Di-
rector; 
‘‘(B) complete, accurate, and reliable infor-
mation; or 
‘‘(C) the information during the timeframe 
specified by the Director. 
‘‘(4) ANNUAL UPDATES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 90 
days after the date on which the covered 
website is established, and not less than once 
during each year thereafter, the head of each
1212 
agency shall upload to the covered website up-
dated information (if any) on— 
‘‘(i) the policy and supporting posi-
tions in the agency; 
‘‘(ii) the appointees occupying such 
positions in the agency; and 
‘‘(iii) the former appointees who 
served in such positions in the agency 
under the President then in office. 
‘‘(B) SUPPLEMENT
NOT
SUPPLANT.—In-
formation provided under subparagraph (A) 
shall supplement, not supplant, previously pro-
vided information under that subparagraph. 
‘‘(5) OPM HELP DESK.—The Director shall es-
tablish a central help desk, to be operated by not 
more than 1 full-time employee, to assist any agency 
with implementing this section. 
‘‘(6) COORDINATION.—The Director may des-
ignate 1 or more agencies to participate in the devel-
opment, establishment, operation, and support of the 
covered website. With respect to any such designa-
tion, the Director may specify the scope of the re-
sponsibilities of the agency so designated. 
‘‘(7) DATA STANDARDS AND TIMING.—The Di-
rector shall make available on the covered website
1213 
information regarding data collection standards, 
quality assurance methods, and time frames for re-
porting data to the Director. 
‘‘(8) REGULATIONS.—The Director may pre-
scribe regulations necessary for the administration 
of this section. 
‘‘(g) RESPONSIBILITY OF AGENCIES.— 
‘‘(1) PROVISION OF INFORMATION.—Each agen-
cy shall comply with the instructions and guidance 
issued by the Director to carry out this section, and, 
upon request of the Director, shall provide appro-
priate assistance to the Director to ensure the suc-
cessful operation of the covered website in the man-
ner and within the timeframe specified by the Direc-
tor under subsection (f)(2). 
‘‘(2) ENSURING
COMPLETENESS, ACCURACY, 
AND RELIABILITY.—With respect to any submission 
of information described in paragraph (1), the head 
of an agency shall include— 
‘‘(A) an explanation of how the agency en-
sured the information is complete, accurate, 
and reliable; and 
‘‘(B) a certification that the information is 
complete, accurate, and reliable. 
‘‘(h) INFORMATION VERIFICATION.—
1214 
‘‘(1) CONFIRMATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—On the date that is 90 
days after the date on which the covered 
website is established, the Director, in coordina-
tion with the White House Office of Presi-
dential Personnel, shall confirm that the infor-
mation on the covered website is complete, ac-
curate, reliable, and up-to-date. 
‘‘(B) CERTIFICATION.—On the date on 
which the Director makes a confirmation under 
subparagraph (A), the Director shall publish on 
the covered website a certification that the con-
firmation has been made. 
‘‘(2) AUTHORITY
OF
DIRECTOR.—In carrying 
out paragraph (1), the Director may— 
‘‘(A) request additional information from 
an agency; and 
‘‘(B) use any additional information pro-
vided to the Director or the White House Office 
of Presidential Personnel for the purposes of 
verification. 
‘‘(3) PUBLIC COMMENT.—The Director shall es-
tablish a process under which members of the public 
may provide feedback regarding the accuracy of the 
information on the covered website.
1215 
‘‘(i) DATA ARCHIVING.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—As soon as practicable 
after a transitional inauguration day (as defined in 
section 3349a), the Director, in consultation with 
the Archivist of the United States, shall archive the 
data that was compiled on the covered website for 
the preceding presidential administration. 
‘‘(2) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The Director 
shall make the data described in paragraph (1) pub-
licly available over the internet— 
‘‘(A) on, or through a link on, the covered 
website; 
‘‘(B) at no cost; and 
‘‘(C) 
in 
a 
searchable, 
sortable, 
downloadable, and machine-readable format.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sec-
tions for subchapter I of chapter 33 of title 5, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘3330f. Government policy and supporting position data.’’. 
(b) OTHER MATTERS.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the 
terms ‘‘agency’’, ‘‘covered website’’, ‘‘Director’’, and 
‘‘policy and supporting position’’ have the meanings 
given those terms in section 3330f of title 5, United 
States Code, as added by subsection (a).
1216 
(2) GAO REVIEW AND REPORT.—Not later than 
1 year after the date on which the Director estab-
lishes the covered website, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall conduct a review of, and 
issue a briefing or report on, the implementation of 
this subtitle and the amendments made by this sub-
title, which shall include— 
(A) the quality of data required to be col-
lected and whether the data is complete, accu-
rate, timely, and reliable; 
(B) any challenges experienced by agencies 
in implementing this subtitle and the amend-
ments made by this subtitle; and 
(C) any suggestions or modifications to en-
hance compliance with this subtitle and the 
amendments made by this subtitle, including 
best practices for agencies to follow. 
(3) SUNSET
OF
PLUM
BOOK.—Beginning on 
January 1, 2026— 
(A) the covered website shall serve as the 
public directory for policy and supporting posi-
tions in the Government; and 
(B) the publication entitled ‘‘United States 
Government Policy and Supporting Positions’’,
1217 
commonly referred to as the ‘‘Plum Book’’, 
shall no longer be issued or published. 
(4) FUNDING.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—No additional amounts 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this subtitle or the amendments made by this 
subtitle. 
(B) OTHER FUNDING.—The Director shall 
carry out this subtitle and the amendments 
made by this subtitle using amounts otherwise 
available to the Director. 
TITLE XII—MATTERS RELATING 
TO FOREIGN NATIONS 
Subtitle A—Assistance and 
Training 
SEC. 1201. MODIFICATIONS TO ANNUAL REPORTS ON SECU-
RITY COOPERATION. 
(a) DEFENSE INSTITUTION CAPACITY BUILDING.— 
Section 332(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘quarter’’ each place it appears; 
and 
(2) by striking ‘‘Each fiscal year’’ and inserting 
‘‘Not later than February 1 of each year’’.
1218 
(b) ANNUAL REPORT ON SECURITY COOPERATION 
ACTIVITIES.—Section 386 of title 10, United States Code, 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘§ 386. Annual report 
‘‘(a) ANNUAL REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 
March 31 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall sub-
mit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
that sets forth, on a country-by-country basis, an overview 
of security cooperation activities carried out by the De-
partment of Defense during the fiscal year preceding the 
fiscal year in which such report is submitted, pursuant to 
one or more of the authorities listed in subsection (b). 
‘‘(b) ELEMENTS OF REPORT.—Each report required 
under subsection (a) shall include, with respect to each 
country and for the entirety of the period covered by such 
report, the following: 
‘‘(1) A narrative summary that provides a— 
‘‘(A) brief overview of the primary security 
cooperation objectives for the activities encom-
passed by the report; 
‘‘(B) a description of how such activities 
advance the theater security cooperation strat-
egy of the relevant geographic combatant com-
mand; and
1219 
‘‘(C) a description of efforts to prevent ci-
vilian harm and human rights violations. 
‘‘(2) A table that includes an aggregated 
amount with respect to each of the following: 
‘‘(A) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 332(a) of this title, the Depart-
ment of Defense cost to provide any Depart-
ment personnel as advisors to a ministry of de-
fense. 
‘‘(B) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 332(b) of this title, the Depart-
ment of Defense incremental execution costs to 
conduct activities under such section. 
‘‘(C) With respect to section 333 of this 
title, the value of all programs for which notice 
is required by such section. 
‘‘(D) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 341 of this title, the Depart-
ment of Defense manpower and travel costs to 
conduct bi-lateral state partnership program en-
gagements with the partner country. 
‘‘(E) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 342 of this title, the Depart-
ment of Defense-funded, foreign-partner travel
1220 
costs to attend a regional center activity that 
began during the period of the report. 
‘‘(F) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 345 of this title, the estimated 
Department of Defense execution cost to com-
plete all training that began during the period 
of the report. 
‘‘(G) With respect to amounts made avail-
able for section 2561 of this title, the planned 
execution cost of completing humanitarian as-
sistance activities for the partner country that 
were approved for the period of the report. 
‘‘(3) A table that includes aggregated totals for 
each of the following: 
‘‘(A) Pursuant to section 311 of this title, 
the number of personnel from a partner country 
assigned to a Department of Defense organiza-
tion. 
‘‘(B) Pursuant to section 332(a) of this 
title, the number of Department of Defense per-
sonnel assigned as advisors to a ministry of de-
fense. 
‘‘(C) Pursuant to section 332(b) of this 
title, the number of activities conducted by the 
Department of Defense.
1221 
‘‘(D) The number of new programs carried 
out during the period of the report that re-
quired notice under section 333 of this title. 
‘‘(E) With respect to section 341 of this 
title, the number of Department of Defense bi-
lateral state partnership program engagements 
with the partner country that began during the 
period of the report. 
‘‘(F) With respect to section 342 of this 
title, the number of partner country officials 
who participated in regional center activity that 
began during the period of the report. 
‘‘(G) Pursuant to the authorities under 
sections 343, 345, 348, 349, 350 and 352 of 
this title, the total number of partner country 
personnel who began training during the period 
of the report. 
‘‘(H) Pursuant to section 347 of this title, 
the number of cadets from the partner country 
that were enrolled in the Service Academies 
during the period of the report. 
‘‘(I) Pursuant to amounts made available 
to carry out section 2561 of this title, the num-
ber of new humanitarian assistance projects 
funded through the Overseas Humanitarian
1222 
Disaster and Civic Aid account that were ap-
proved during the period of the required report. 
‘‘(4) A table that includes the following: 
‘‘(A) For each person from the partner 
country assigned to a Department of Defense 
organization pursuant to section 311 of this 
title— 
‘‘(i) whether the person is a member 
of the armed forces or a civilian; 
‘‘(ii) the rank of the person (if appli-
cable); and 
‘‘(iii) the component of the Depart-
ment of Defense and location to which 
such person is assigned. 
‘‘(B) With respect to each civilian em-
ployee of the Department of Defense or member 
of the armed forces that was assigned, pursuant 
to section 332(a) of this title, as an advisor to 
a ministry of defense during the period of the 
report, a description of the object of the De-
partment of Defense for such support and the 
name of the ministry or regional organization to 
which the employee or member was assigned.
1223 
‘‘(C) With respect to each activity com-
menced under section 332(b) of this title during 
the period of the report— 
‘‘(i) the name of the supported min-
istry or regional organization; 
‘‘(ii) the component of the Depart-
ment of Defense that conducted the activ-
ity; 
‘‘(iii) the duration of the activity; and 
‘‘(iv) a description of the objective of 
the activity. 
‘‘(D) For each program that required no-
tice to Congress under section 333 of this title 
during the period of the report— 
‘‘(i) the units of the national security 
forces of the foreign country to which as-
sistance was provided; 
‘‘(ii) the type of operational capability 
assisted; 
‘‘(iii) a description of the nature of 
the assistance being provided; and 
‘‘(iv) the estimated cost included in 
the notice provided for such assistance.
1224 
‘‘(E) With respect to each activity com-
menced under section 341 of this title during 
the period of the report— 
‘‘(i) a description of the activity; 
‘‘(ii) the duration of the activity; 
‘‘(iii) the number of participating 
members of the National Guard; and 
‘‘(iv) the number of participating per-
sonnel of the foreign country. 
‘‘(F) With respect to each activity of a Re-
gional Center for Security Studies commenced 
under section 342 of this title during the period 
of the report— 
‘‘(i) a description of the activity; 
‘‘(ii) the name of the Regional Center 
that sponsored the activity; 
‘‘(iii) the location and duration of the 
training; and 
‘‘(iv) the number of officials from the 
foreign country who participated in the ac-
tivity. 
‘‘(G) With respect to each training event 
that commenced under section 343, 345, 348, 
349, 350, or 352 of this title during the period 
of the report—
1225 
‘‘(i) a description of the training; 
‘‘(ii) the location and duration of the 
training; and 
‘‘(iii) the number of personnel of the 
foreign country trained. 
‘‘(H) With respect to each new project ap-
proved under section 2561 of this title during 
the period of the report and funded through the 
Overseas Humanitarian Disaster and Civic Aid 
account— 
‘‘(i) the title of the project; 
‘‘(ii) a description of the assistance to 
be provided; and 
‘‘(iii) the anticipated cost to provide 
such assistance.’’. 
SEC. 1202. MODIFICATION TO AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE 
SUPPORT FOR CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS. 
Notwithstanding subsection (g)(1) of section 331 of 
title 10, United States Code, the aggregate value of all 
logistic support, supplies, and services provided under 
paragraphs (1), (4), and (5) of subsection (c) of such sec-
tion 331 in each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024 may not 
exceed $950,000,000.
1226 
SEC. 1203. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF CERTAIN COALI-
TION NATIONS FOR SUPPORT PROVIDED TO 
UNITED STATES MILITARY OPERATIONS. 
Section 1233 of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 
393) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘for the period 
beginning on October 1, 2021, and ending on De-
cember 31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘for the period be-
ginning on October 1, 2022, and ending on Decem-
ber 31, 2023’’; and 
(2) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘during the period begin-
ning on October 1, 2021, and ending on De-
cember 31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘during the pe-
riod beginning on October 1, 2022, and ending 
on December 31, 2023’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘$60,000,000’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘$30,000,000’’. 
SEC. 1204. MODIFICATION TO AUTHORITY TO BUILD CAPAC-
ITY OF FOREIGN SECURITY FORCES. 
Subsection (a) of section 333 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended—
1227 
(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘or other 
counter-illicit trafficking operations’’ before the pe-
riod at the end; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(10) Operations or activities that maintain or 
enhance the climate resilience of military or security 
infrastructure supporting security cooperation pro-
grams under this section.’’. 
SEC. 1205. PUBLIC REPORT ON MILITARY CAPABILITIES OF 
CHINA, IRAN, NORTH KOREA, AND RUSSIA. 
(a) PUBLIC REPORT ON MILITARY CAPABILITIES OF 
COVERED COUNTRIES.—Chapter 23 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 486 the 
following new section: 
‘‘§ 487. Public report on military capabilities of cov-
ered countries 
‘‘(a) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than January 30 
of each year through 2027, the Secretary of Defense, in 
consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, 
shall make publicly available on the internet website of the 
Department of Defense a report on the military capabili-
ties of each covered country.
1228 
‘‘(b) MATTERS INCLUDED.—Each report under sub-
section (a) shall include, with respect to each covered 
country— 
‘‘(1) an assessment of the grand strategy, secu-
rity strategy, and military strategy, including the 
goals and trends of such strategies; 
‘‘(2) an estimate of the funds spent annually on 
developing 
conventional 
forces, 
unconventional 
forces, and nuclear and missile forces; 
‘‘(3) an assessment of the size and capabilities 
of the conventional forces; 
‘‘(4) an assessment of the size and capability of 
the unconventional forces and related activities; 
‘‘(5) with respect to the forces described in sub-
section (d)(3)(B), an assessment of the types and 
amount of support, including— 
‘‘(A) lethal and non-lethal supplies; and 
‘‘(B) training provided; and 
‘‘(6) an assessment of the capabilities of the nu-
clear and missile forces and related activities, includ-
ing— 
‘‘(A) the nuclear weapon capabilities; 
‘‘(B) the ballistic missile forces; and 
‘‘(C) the development of the nuclear and 
missile forces since the preceding year.
1229 
‘‘(c) FORM.—Each report under subsection (a) shall 
be made available in unclassified form, consistent with the 
protection of intelligence sources and methods. 
‘‘(d) NONDUPLICATION
OF
EFFORTS.—The Sec-
retary of Defense may use or add to any existing reports 
completed by the Secretary of Defense or Director of Na-
tional Intelligence to respond to the reporting requirement 
under subsection (a). 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘conventional forces’ means, with 
respect to a covered country, military forces de-
signed to conduct operations in sea, air, space, 
cyberspace, the electromagnetic spectrum, or land, 
other than unconventional forces, ballistic forces, 
and cruise missile forces. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘covered country’ means each of 
the following: 
‘‘(A) China. 
‘‘(B) Iran. 
‘‘(C) North Korea. 
‘‘(D) Russia. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘unconventional forces’, with re-
spect to a covered country—
1230 
‘‘(A) means forces that carry out missions 
typically associated with special operations 
forces; and 
‘‘(B) includes any organization that— 
‘‘(i) has been designated by the Sec-
retary of State as a foreign terrorist orga-
nization under section 219 of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189); 
or 
‘‘(ii) has been assessed by the Sec-
retary of Defense as being willing to act 
under the control or at the direction of 
such covered country.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents 
for chapter 23 of title 10, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the item related to section 486 the fol-
lowing item: 
‘‘487. Public report on military capabilities of covered countries.’’. 
SEC. 1206. SECURITY COOPERATION PROGRAMS WITH FOR-
EIGN 
PARTNERS 
TO 
ADVANCE 
WOMEN, 
PEACE, AND SECURITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter V of chapter 16 of 
title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section:
1231 
‘‘§ 353. Women, peace, and security programs 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, with 
the concurrence of the Secretary of State, may conduct 
or support security cooperation programs and activities in-
volving the national military or national-level security 
forces of a foreign country or other covered personnel to 
advise, train, and educate such forces or such other cov-
ered personnel with respect to— 
‘‘(1) the recruitment, employment, development, 
retention, promotion, and meaningful participation 
in decision making of women and underrepresented 
groups; 
‘‘(2) sexual harassment, sexual assault, domes-
tic abuse, and other forms of sexual and gender- 
based violence that disproportionately impact women 
and underrepresented groups; 
‘‘(3) the integration of gender analysis into se-
curity sector policy, planning, exercises, and train-
ing; 
‘‘(4) the requirements of women and underrep-
resented groups, including providing appropriate 
gender sensitive equipment and facilities; 
‘‘(5) the development of educational curriculum 
on women, peace, and security within professional 
military education programming and other security 
forces training;
1232 
‘‘(6) the establishment, training, and develop-
ment of gender advisory workforces within women, 
peace, and security programs; and 
‘‘(7) the implementation of activities described 
in this subsection. 
‘‘(b) PAYMENT OF EXPENSES FOR ADVANCEMENT OF 
OBJECTIVES.—The Secretary of Defense may pay for the 
travel, transportation, and subsistence expenses of na-
tional military and national-level security forces of a for-
eign country or other covered personnel that the Secretary 
considers necessary for the advancement of the objectives 
of this section. 
‘‘(c) OTHER COVERED PERSONNEL DEFINED.—In 
this section, the term ‘other covered personnel’ means per-
sonnel of— 
‘‘(1) the ministry of defense, or a governmental 
entity with a similar function, of a foreign country; 
‘‘(2) a regional organization with a security 
mission; 
‘‘(3) personnel of a friendly foreign government 
other than personnel of national security forces; or 
‘‘(4) personnel of a non-governmental organiza-
tion.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of subchapter V of chapter 16 of title
1233 
10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new item: 
‘‘353. Women, peace, and security programs.’’. 
(c) WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY CURRICULA FOR 
PRE-COMMISSIONING EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND JOINT 
PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION.— 
(1) INTEGRATION OF WOMEN, PEACE, AND SE-
CURITY
CURRICULA.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall develop a plan to incorporate women, peace, 
and security studies as a component of the core cur-
ricula of pre-commissioning education programs and 
joint professional military education programs to 
further implementation of the Women, Peace, and 
Security Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–68; 22 
U.S.C. 2151 note), including an analysis of the re-
sources needed to develop a standardized women, 
peace, and security curriculum. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report detailing the plan devel-
oped under paragraph (1). 
(3) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall brief the appropriate congressional
1234 
committees on the report under paragraph (2) de-
tailing the plan developed under paragraph (1). 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 
(A) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means— 
(i) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(ii) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate. 
(B) The term ‘‘joint professional military 
education program’’ means a program or course 
of instruction established pursuant to a provi-
sion of chapter 107 of title 10, United States 
Code. 
(C) The term ‘‘pre-commissioning edu-
cation program’’ means a program or course of 
instruction established for— 
(i) the United States Military Acad-
emy; 
(ii) the United States Naval Academy; 
or 
(iii) the United States Air Force 
Academy.
1235 
(d) PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF 
GENDER ADVISOR WORKFORCE.— 
(1) PLAN
REQUIRED.—The Secretary of De-
fense shall develop and implement a plan to stand-
ardize the role and duties of the gender advisor 
workforce of the Department of Defense responsible 
for supporting the implementation of the Women, 
Peace, and Security Act of 2017 (Public Law 115– 
68; 22 U.S.C. 2151 note). 
(2) ELEMENTS.—The plan required by para-
graph (1) shall consist of such elements relating to 
the development and management of the gender ad-
visor workforce, including an assessment of— 
(A) the funds, resources, and authorities 
needed to establish and develop the gender advi-
sor role into a full-time, billeted, and resourced 
position across organizations within the Depart-
ment of Defense, including the military depart-
ments, Armed Forces, the combatant com-
mands, and defense agencies and field activities; 
(B) the actions the Secretary will take to 
develop and standardize position descriptions of 
the gender advisor workforce, including gender 
advisors and gender focal points, across organi-
zations within the Department;
1236 
(C) the Department’s existing training pro-
grams for gender advisors and gender focal 
points, including the creation and funding of a 
credentialing program for gender advisors to 
foster the development of a professionalized 
cadre of gender advisors. 
(D) a self-assessment of the Department’s 
progress in implementing a fully trained cadre 
of gender advisors appropriately placed within 
the Department and a plan to address any gaps 
or deficiencies; and 
(E) the actions the Secretary will carry out 
for incorporating the total amount of expendi-
tures and proposed appropriations necessary to 
support the program, projects, and activities of 
the gender advisor workforce into future years 
defense program submissions to Congress. 
(3) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees a report detailing the Secretary’s 
progress in implementing the plan required by para-
graph (1). 
(4) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection—
1237 
(A) the term ‘‘appropriate congressional 
committees’’ means— 
(i) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(ii) the Committee on Armed Services 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
of the Senate; and 
(B) the term ‘‘gender advisor workforce’’ 
means all gender advisors and gender focal 
points across the Department of Defense. 
SEC. 1207. STRATEGY FOR SECURITY COOPERATION. 
(a) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
a strategy to improve security partner cooperation, in-
crease the safety of United States personnel in partner 
countries, and increase the safety of the personnel of such 
countries, by working to improve partner military oper-
ations. Such strategy shall seek to advance accurate tar-
geting and avoid unintentionally targeting civilians or life- 
sustaining civilian infrastructure, which has the potential 
to put United States and partner country personnel in life- 
threatening danger by radicalizing local populations, and
1238 
shall include improvements to the ability of partner coun-
tries with respect to— 
(1) intelligence collection, evaluation, and dis-
semination, including by improving the evaluation of 
hostile intent and discernment between hostile intent 
and hostile action; and 
(2) the evaluation and accuracy of determining 
correct targets by increasing understanding of civil-
ian populations, population centers, and local civilian 
infrastructure such as water systems infrastructure, 
food infrastructure, and education and health care 
infrastructure. 
(b) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1208. GENERAL THADDEUS KOSCIUSZKO EXCHANGE 
PROGRAM. 
(a) AUTHORITY.—The Commander of United States 
Army Special Operations Command shall seek to carry out 
a training program pursuant to section 322 of title 10,
1239 
United States Code, between special operations forces 
under the jurisdiction of the Commander and special oper-
ations forces of the Polish Army. Such program shall be 
known as the ‘‘General Thaddeus Kosciuszko Memorial 
Exchange Program for Polish-American Defense Coopera-
tion’’. 
(b) PURPOSES.—The purposes of the program in-
clude the following: 
(1) To create an enduring training cooperation 
program to enhance the national security and defen-
sive capabilities of the United States and Poland. 
(2) To enable both countries to effectively re-
spond to emerging threats and future challenges in 
Eastern Europe and around the globe. 
(3) To increase the interoperability, combined 
readiness, joint planning capabilities, and shared sit-
uational awareness between special operations forces 
described in subsection (a). 
(4) To provide a program for the exchange of 
such special operations forces that will increase 
readiness and capacity to counter adversarial oper-
ations, including— 
(A) enhancing and increasing the capa-
bility to counter irregular and asymmetrical 
warfare;
1240 
(B) enhancing and increasing the capa-
bility to respond to, and conduct, information 
operations; 
(C) enhancing and increasing the capa-
bility to counter land and air assaults, including 
the capacity to conduct urban warfare; and 
(D) any other relevant training that the 
Secretary of Defense determines relevant, in-
cluding training at military training centers and 
professional military education institutions of 
the Department of Defense. 
(5) To encourage the deepening and number of 
training programs among NATO allies and partners 
to strengthen joint resiliency, readiness, and deter-
rence capabilities, to facilitate peace in the trans-
atlantic region. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—Officers and enlisted members of 
such special operations forces may participate in the pro-
gram under this section. 
(d) PROGRESS REPORT.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Com-
mander shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services 
of the Senate and House of Representatives a report re-
garding progress of the Commander in carrying out the 
training program.
1241 
SEC. 1209. ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND EVALUATION 
OF PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES. 
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit 
to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report on the processes that the Department 
of Defense uses to assess, monitor, and evaluate programs 
and activities under section 127e of title 10, United States 
Code, and section 1202 of the National Defense Author-
ization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115-91; 131 
Stat. 1639). The report shall include— 
(1) an evaluation of the efficiency and effective-
ness of such programs and activities in achieving de-
sired outcomes; 
(2) identification of lessons learned and best 
practices in carrying out such programs and activi-
ties; and 
(3) an explanation of the extent to which such 
lessons are used to improve future programs and ac-
tivities carried out under such authorities of the De-
partment of Defense. 
SEC. 1209A. REPORT ON CHIEF OF MISSION CONCURRENCE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of De-
fense, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
1242 
port evaluating the processes by which chiefs of mission 
provide concurrence to the exercise of the authority pursu-
ant to section 127e of title 10, United States Code, and 
section 1202 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2018. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) the most significant impediments to each 
relevant chief of mission’s ability to inform and con-
sult in a timely manner with relevant individuals at 
relevant missions or bureaus of the Department of 
State; 
(2) the lessons learned from such consultations; 
(3) procedures and agreements between depart-
ments that enable Secretary of State to take such 
steps as may be necessary to ensure that such rel-
evant individuals have the security clearances nec-
essary and access to relevant compartmented and 
special programs to so consult in a timely manner 
with respect to such concurrence; and 
(4) the lessons learned from such procedures 
and agreements and required improvements so iden-
tified. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by section (a) may 
be provided in classified form.
1243 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1209B. REPEAL OF LIMITATION ON COSTS COVERED 
UNDER HUMANITARIAN DEMINING ASSIST-
ANCE. 
Subsection (c)(3) of section 407 of title 10, United 
States Code, is repealed. 
SEC. 1209C. MODIFICATION TO FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM TO 
ADD TRAINING RELATING TO URBAN WAR-
FARE. 
Section 345 of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)(1), by adding at the end 
the following sentence: ‘‘In addition to the areas of 
combating terrorism and irregular warfare, the pro-
gram should focus training on urban warfare.’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end of subsection (d) the 
following new paragraph:
1244 
‘‘(6) A discussion of how the training from the 
previous year incorporated lessons learned from on-
going conflicts.’’. 
Subtitle B—Matters Relating to 
Afghanistan and Pakistan 
SEC. 1211. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF THE AF-
GHAN SPECIAL IMMIGRANT VISA PROGRAM. 
Section 602(b)(3)(F) of the Afghan Allies Protection 
Act of 2009 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note) is amended— 
(1) in the heading, by striking ‘‘2022’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2023’’; and 
(2) in clause (ii), by striking ‘‘2023’’ and in-
serting ‘‘2024’’. 
SEC. 1212. ADDITIONAL MATTERS FOR INCLUSION IN RE-
PORTS ON OVERSIGHT IN AFGHANISTAN. 
Section 1069(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 135 
Stat. 1912) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (9) through 
(16) as paragraphs (12) through (19), respectively; 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (8) the fol-
lowing new paragraphs: 
‘‘(9) An assessment of the status of— 
‘‘(A) defense intelligence assets dedicated 
to Afghanistan; and
1245 
‘‘(B) the ability of the United States to de-
tect emerging threats emanating from Afghani-
stan against the United States and former coa-
lition partners. 
‘‘(10) An assessment of local or indigenous 
counterterrorism partners of the Department of De-
fense. 
‘‘(11) An assessment of risks to the mission 
and risks to United States personnel involved in 
over-the-horizon counterterrorism options.’’; and 
(3) in paragraph (16), as so redesignated, by 
striking ‘‘Afganistan’’ and inserting ‘‘Afghanistan’’. 
SEC. 1213. PROHIBITION ON TRANSPORTING CURRENCY TO 
THE TALIBAN AND THE ISLAMIC EMIRATE OF 
AFGHANISTAN. 
None of the amounts authorized to be appropriated 
by this Act or otherwise made available to the Department 
of Defense may be made available for the operation of any 
aircraft of the Department of Defense to transport cur-
rency or other items of value to the Taliban, the Islamic 
Emirate of Afghanistan, or any subsidiary, agent, or in-
strumentality of either the Taliban or the Islamic Emirate 
of Afghanistan.
1246 
Subtitle C—Matters Relating to 
Syria, Iraq, and Iran 
SEC. 1221. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE ASSIST-
ANCE TO VETTED SYRIAN GROUPS AND INDI-
VIDUALS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 1209 of 
the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National 
Defense Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 2015 (Public 
Law 113–291; 128 Stat. 3451) is amended by striking 
‘‘December 31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 
2023’’. 
(b) EXTENSION
OF
WAIVER
AUTHORITY.—Sub-
section (l)(3)(D) of such section is amended by striking 
‘‘December 31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 
2023’’. 
SEC. 1222. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY 
TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO COUNTER THE 
ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (a) of section 1236 of 
the Carl Levin and Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public 
Law 113–291; 128 Stat. 3558) is amended by striking 
‘‘December 31, 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 
2023’’.
1248 
SEC. 1223. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO SUPPORT OPER-
ATIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE OF 
SECURITY COOPERATION IN IRAQ. 
(a) SOURCE OF FUNDS.—Subsection (d) of section 
1215 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 2012 (10 U.S.C. 113 note) is amended by striking 
‘‘fiscal year 2022’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2023’’. 
(b) LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of 
the funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act or 
otherwise made available for fiscal year 2023 for the Of-
fice of the Secretary of the Army, the Office of the Sec-
retary of the Navy, and the Office of the Secretary of the 
Air Force for travel expenses, not more than 65 percent 
may be obligated or expended until the date on which a 
staffing plan for the Office of Security Cooperation in Iraq 
is completed. 
SEC. 1224. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF REPORT ON 
THE MILITARY CAPABILITIES OF IRAN AND 
RELATED ACTIVITIES. 
Subsection (a) of section 1227 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 
117–81; 135 Stat. 1972) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(A) by inserting ‘‘and annually thereafter 
for 1 year’’ after ‘‘enactment of this Act’’; and
1249 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, consistent with the pro-
tection of intelligence sources and methods,’’ 
after ‘‘Director of National Intelligence’’; and 
(2) in paragraph (1)(D), by inserting ‘‘Hamas, 
Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Popular Front for the 
Liberation 
of 
Palestine,’’ 
after 
‘‘Lebanese 
Hezbollah,’’. 
SEC. 1225. PROHIBITION ON TRANSFERS TO IRAN. 
None of the amounts authorized to be appropriated 
by this Act or otherwise made available to the Department 
of Defense may be made available to transfer or facilitate 
a transfer of pallets of currency, currency, or other items 
of value to the Government of Iran, any subsidiary of such 
Government, or any agent or instrumentality of Iran. 
SEC. 1226. REPORT ON ASSISTING IRANIAN DISSIDENTS 
AND 
PEOPLE 
ACCESS 
TELECOMMUNI-
CATIONS TOOLS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and 
the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit 
to Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
Financial Services of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee
1250 
on Banking of the Senate a report that includes the mat-
ters described in subsection (b). 
(b) MATTERS DESCRIBED.—The matters described 
in this subsection are the following: 
(1) An assessment of the Iranian Government’s 
ability to impose internet shutdowns, censor the 
internet, and track Iranian dissidents, labor orga-
nizers, political activists, or human rights defenders 
inside Iran through targeted digital surveillance or 
other digital means. 
(2) A list of technologies, including hardware, 
software, and services incident to personal commu-
nications, including set-top boxes (STB), satellites, 
and web developer tools, that would encourage the 
free flow of information to better enable the Iranian 
people to communicate with each other and the out-
side world. 
(3) An assessment on whether existing United 
States policy impedes the ability of Iranians to cir-
cumvent the Iranian Government’s attempt to 
securitize access to the internet and block access to 
the internet at times of civil unrest. 
(4) A review of the legal exemptions that au-
thorize access to information technology and how 
such exemptions or any accompanying general li-
1251 
censes may be altered to mitigate any hindrances 
imposed on Iranian dissidents and activists inside 
Iran. 
(5) An assessment of whether further exemp-
tions or alterations to existing exemptions and gen-
eral licenses are necessary to support Iranian citi-
zens’ access to the internet and to assist their ef-
forts to circumvent internet shutdowns and targeted 
digital surveillance from the Iranian Government. 
(c) FORM.—The report required pursuant to sub-
section (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may 
include a classified annex if such annex is provided sepa-
rately from such unclassified version. 
(d) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘targeted 
digital surveillance’’ means the use of items or services 
that enable an individual or entity (with or without the 
knowing authorization of the product’s owner) to detect, 
monitor, intercept, collect, exploit, preserve, protect, trans-
mit, retain, or otherwise gain access to the communica-
tions, sensitive or protected information, work product, 
browsing data, research, identifying information, location 
history, and online and offline activities of other individ-
uals, organizations, or entities.
1252 
SEC. 1227. STATE DEPARTMENT AUTHORIZATION FOR PA-
VILION AT EXPO 2025 OSAKA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 204 of 
the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg Donovan Foreign 
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001 
(22 U.S.C. 2452b), there is authorized to be appropriated 
for each of fiscal years 2023 and 2024 funds for a United 
States pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka, subject to sub-
sections (b) and (c). 
(b) COST-SHARE REQUIREMENT.—Funds made avail-
able pursuant to subsection (a) to the Department of 
State for a United States pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka 
shall be made available on a cost-matching basis, to the 
maximum extent practicable, from sources other than the 
United States Government. 
(c) NOTIFICATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Funds made available pur-
suant to subsection (a) to the Department of State 
for a United States pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka 
may be obligated only after the appropriate congres-
sional committees are notified not less than 15 days 
prior to such obligation. 
(2) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—Such notifi-
cation shall include the following: 
(A) A description of the source of such 
funds, including any funds reprogrammed or
1253 
transferred by the Department of State to be 
made available for such pavilion. 
(B) An estimate of the amount of invest-
ment such pavilion could bring to the United 
States. 
(C) A description of the strategy of the 
Department to identify and obtain such match-
ing funds from sources other than the United 
States Government, in accordance with sub-
section (b). 
(D) A certification that each entity receiv-
ing amounts for a contract, grant, or other 
agreement to construct, maintain, or otherwise 
service such pavilion— 
(i) is not in violation of the labor laws 
of Japan, the Foreign Corrupt Practices 
Act of 1977 (Public Law 95–213), and any 
other applicable anti-corruption laws; and 
(ii) does not employ, or otherwise uti-
lize, a victim of trafficking (as defined in 
section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Pro-
tection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102)). 
(d) FINAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date on which a United States pavilion at Expo 2025 
Osaka is opened, the Secretary of State shall submit to
1254 
the appropriate congressional committees a report that in-
cludes— 
(1) the number of United States businesses 
that participated in such pavilion; and 
(2) the dollar amount and source of any match-
ing funds obtained by the Department. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means the following: 
(1) The Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(2) The Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. 
(f) SUNSET.—This section ceases to be effective on 
December 31, 2025. 
SEC. 1228. REPORT ON THE U.N. ARMS EMBARGO ON IRAN. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the Com-
mittees on Armed Services of the House of Representa-
tives and the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report that includes a 
detailed description of—
1255 
(1) an assessment of the U.N. arms embargo 
on Iran on its effectiveness in constraining Iran’s 
ability to supply, sell, or transfer, directly or indi-
rectly, arms or related materiel, including spare 
parts, when it was in place; and 
(2) the measures that the Departments of State 
and Defense are taking to constrain Iranian arms 
proliferation and combat the supply, sale, or transfer 
of weapons to or from Iran. 
SEC. 1229. REPORT ON ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARD 
CORPS-AFFILIATED OPERATIVES ABROAD. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the Com-
mittees on Armed Services of the House of Representa-
tives and the Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate a report that includes a 
detailed description of— 
(1) all Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-af-
filiated operatives serving in diplomatic and consular 
posts abroad; and 
(2) the ways in which the Department of State 
and the Department of Defense are working with 
partner nations to inform them of the threat posed
1256 
by Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-affiliated offi-
cials serving in diplomatic and consular roles in 
third party countries. 
SEC. 1229A. REPEAL OF AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILI-
TARY FORCE AGAINST IRAQ RESOLUTION OF 
2002. 
The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against 
Iraq Resolution of 2002 (Public Law 107–243; 116 Stat. 
1498; 50 U.S.C. 1541 note) is hereby repealed. 
SEC. 1229B. INTERAGENCY STRATEGY TO DISRUPT AND 
DISMANTLE NARCOTICS PRODUCTION AND 
TRAFFICKING AND AFFILIATED NETWORKS 
LINKED TO THE REGIME OF BASHAR AL- 
ASSAD IN SYRIA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Captagon trade linked to the regime of 
Bashar al-Assad in Syria is a transnational security 
threat; and 
(2) the United States should develop and imple-
ment an interagency strategy to deny, degrade, and 
dismantle Assad-linked narcotics production and 
trafficking networks. 
(b) REPORT AND STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later 
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act,
1257 
the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, the Sec-
retary of the Treasury, the Administrator of the Drug En-
forcement Administration, the Director of National Intel-
ligence, and the heads of other appropriate Federal agen-
cies shall provide to the appropriate congressional commit-
tees a written strategy to disrupt and dismantle narcotics 
production and trafficking and affiliated networks linked 
to the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. Such strategy 
shall include each of the following: 
(1) A strategy to target, disrupt, and degrade 
networks that directly or indirectly support the nar-
cotics infrastructure of the Assad regime, particu-
larly through diplomatic and intelligence support to 
law enforcement investigations and to build counter- 
narcotics capacity to partner countries through as-
sistance and training to law enforcement services in 
countries, other than Syria, that are receiving or 
transiting large quantities of Captagon. 
(2) Information relating to the use of statutory 
authorities, including the Caesar Syria Civilian Pro-
tection Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 8791 note), the For-
eign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (popularly 
referred to as the ‘‘Kingpin Act’’), section 489 of the 
Foreign Assistance Act (relating to the international 
narcotics control strategy report), and associated ac-
1258 
tions to target individuals and entities directly or in-
directly associated with the narcotics infrastructure 
of the Assad regime. 
(3) Information relating to the use of global 
diplomatic engagements associated with the eco-
nomic pressure campaign against the Assad regime 
to target its narcotics infrastructure. 
(4) A strategy for leveraging multilateral insti-
tutions and cooperation with international partners 
to disrupt the narcotics infrastructure of the Assad 
regime. 
(5) A strategy for mobilizing a public commu-
nications campaign to increase awareness of the ex-
tent of the connection of the Assad regime to illicit 
narcotics trade. 
(6) A description of the countries receiving or 
transiting large shipments of Captagon, and an as-
sessment of the counter-narcotics capacity of such 
countries to interdict or disrupt the smuggling of 
Captagon, including an assessment of current 
United States assistance and training programs to 
build such capacity in such countries. 
(c) FORM OF REPORT.—The report required under 
subsection (b) shall be submitted in an unclassified form, 
but may contain a classified annex.
1259 
(d) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on For-
eign Affairs, the Committee on Financial Services, 
the Committee on Appropriations, and the Perma-
nent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House 
of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on For-
eign Relations, the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs, the Committee on Appropria-
tions, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of 
the Senate. 
Subtitle D—Matters Relating to 
Russia 
SEC. 1231. EXTENSION OF LIMITATION ON MILITARY CO-
OPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
AND RUSSIA. 
Section 1232(a) of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 
Stat. 2488), is amended by striking ‘‘2021, or 2022’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2021, 2022, or 2023’’.
1260 
SEC. 1232. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF UKRAINE SE-
CURITY ASSISTANCE INITIATIVE. 
(a) AUTHORITY
TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE.—Sub-
section (a) of section 1250 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114– 
92; 129 Stat. 1068) is amended by inserting ‘‘salaries and 
stipends, and sustainment’’ after ‘‘supplies and services,’’. 
(b) AVAILABILITY
OF FUNDS.—Subsection (c) of 
such section is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘funds avail-
able for fiscal year 2022 pursuant to subsection 
(f)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘funds available for fiscal year 
2023 pursuant to subsection (f)(8)’’; 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘fiscal year 
2022’’ and inserting ‘‘fiscal year 2023’’; 
(3) in paragraph (5), by striking ‘‘Of the funds 
available for fiscal year 2022 pursuant to subsection 
(f)(7)’’ and inserting ‘‘Of the funds available for fis-
cal year 2023 pursuant to subsection (f)(8)’’; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(6) WAIVER
OF
CERTIFICATION
REQUIRE-
MENT.—The Secretary of Defense, with the concur-
rence of the Secretary of the State, may waive the 
certification requirement in paragraph (2) if the 
Secretary submits to the congressional defense com-
mittees, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
1261 
Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives a written certification, not 
later than 5 days of exercising the waiver, that doing 
so is in the national interest of the United States 
due to exigent circumstances caused by the Russian 
invasion of Ukraine.’’. 
(c) UNITED
STATES
INVENTORY
AND
OTHER 
SOURCES.—Subsection (d) of such section is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, and to re-
cover or dispose of such weapons or other defense 
articles, or to make available such weapons or arti-
cles to ally and partner governments to replenish 
comparable stocks which ally or partner govern-
ments 
have 
provided 
to 
the 
Government 
of 
Ukraine,’’ after ‘‘and defense services’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) 
CONGRESSIONAL
NOTIFICATION.—Not 
later than 10 days before providing replenishment to 
an ally or partner government pursuant to para-
graph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall transmit to 
the congressional defense committees, the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives a notification containing the following:
1262 
‘‘(A) An identification of the recipient for-
eign country. 
‘‘(B) A detailed description of the articles 
to be provided, including the amount, dollar 
value, origin, and capabilities associated with 
the articles. 
‘‘(C) A detailed description of the articles 
provided to Ukraine to be replenished, including 
the amount, dollar value, origin, and capabili-
ties associated with the articles. 
‘‘(D) The impact on United States stocks 
and readiness of transferring the articles. 
‘‘(E) An assessment of any security, intel-
lectual property, or end use monitoring issues 
associated with transferring the articles. 
‘‘(F) A description, including relevant dol-
lar value amounts, of the articles provided to 
Ukraine by the recipient country which are 
being replenished. 
‘‘(G) A certification that the transfer of 
the articles in the national security interest of 
the United States, and a justification for that 
determination.’’. 
(d) FUNDING.—Subsection (f) of such section is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
1263 
‘‘(8) For fiscal year 2023, $1,000,000,000.’’. 
(e) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—Subsection (h) 
of such section is amended by striking ‘‘December 31, 
2023’’ and inserting ‘‘December 31, 2024’’. 
(f) WAIVER
OF CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.— 
Such section is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the second subsection (g) 
as subsection (i); and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(j) EXPEDITED NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.— 
Not later than 15 days before providing assistance or sup-
port under subsection (a), or as far in advance as is prac-
ticable if the Secretary of Defense determines, on a case- 
by-case basis, that extraordinary circumstances exist that 
impact the national security of the United States, the Sec-
retary shall transmit to the congressional defense commit-
tees, the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives a notification containing a detailed de-
scription of the assistance or support to be provided, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(1) the objectives of such assistance or sup-
port; 
‘‘(2) the budget for such assistance or support; 
and
1264 
‘‘(3) the expected or estimated timeline for de-
livery of such assistance or support.’’. 
SEC. 1233. PROHIBITION ON AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS RE-
LATING TO SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA OVER 
CRIMEA. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—None of the funds authorized to 
be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available 
for fiscal year 2023 for the Department of Defense may 
be obligated or expended to implement any activity that 
recognizes the sovereignty of Russia over Crimea. 
(b) WAIVER.—The Secretary of Defense, with the 
concurrence of the Secretary of State, may waive the re-
striction on the obligation or expenditure of funds required 
by subsection (a) if the Secretary of Defense— 
(1) determines that to do so is in the national 
security interest of the United States; and 
(2) submits a notification of the waiver, at the 
time the waiver is invoked, to the Committee on 
Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
Foreign Relations of the Senate.
1265 
SEC. 
1234. 
ASSESSMENT 
OF 
RUSSIAN 
STRATEGY 
IN 
UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
an assessment of the strategic, operational, and organiza-
tional strengths and weaknesses of the Russian Federa-
tion’s military strategy for the invasion and occupation of 
Ukraine, including an assessment of efforts and sources 
of leverage that could be used to exploit the weaknesses 
in that strategy as part of the effort to provide assistance 
to Ukraine. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The assessment of 
Russia’s military strategy required by subsection (a) shall 
include at a minimum a description of the following: 
(1) Strategic strengths and weaknesses. 
(2) Operational strengths and weaknesses. 
(3) Organizational and logistical strengths and 
weaknesses. 
(4) Strengths and weaknesses related to Rus-
sian employment of Russia’s Federal Security Serv-
ice (FSB), national guard, and reserve units. 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees;
1266 
(2) the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(3) the Select Committee on Intelligence and 
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
(d) MODIFICATION TO ANNUAL REPORT ON MILI-
TARY AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENTS INVOLVING THE 
RUSSIAN FEDERATION.—Section 1234 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (134 
Stat. 3936) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (24) as 
paragraph (26); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (23) the 
following: 
‘‘(24) The impacts of United States sanctions 
on improvements to the Russian military and its 
proxies, including an assessment of the impacts of 
the maintenance or revocation of such sanctions. 
‘‘(25) A detailed description of— 
‘‘(A) how Russian private military compa-
nies are being utilized to advance the political, 
economic, and military interests of the Russian 
Federation;
1267 
‘‘(B) the direct or indirect threats Russian 
private military companies present to United 
States security interests; 
‘‘(C) how sanctions that are currently in 
place to impede or deter Russian private mili-
tary companies from continuing their malign 
activities have impacted the Russian private 
military companies’ behavior; and 
‘‘(D) all foreign persons engaged signifi-
cantly with Russian private military compa-
nies.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, the 
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,’’ 
after ‘‘the Committee on Armed Services’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ‘‘, the 
Select Committee on Intelligence,’’ after ‘‘the 
Committee on Armed Services’’. 
(e) REPORT ON LESSONS LEARNED FROM WAR.— 
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with 
the Secretary of each military department, shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees an assess-
ment of lessons learned by the respective military depart-
1268 
ments from the conflict following the Russian invasion of 
Ukraine that includes the following: 
(1) Lessons learned from intelligence-sharing 
activities conducted between the United States, 
NATO, the European Union, and Ukraine through-
out the conflict. 
(2) Observed tactics and techniques of informa-
tion-related capabilities and the integration of infor-
mation-related capabilities in supporting Ukraine ob-
jectives. 
(3) Analysis of the capabilities, tactics, and 
techniques implemented throughout the conflict fol-
lowing the Russian invasion of Ukraine, from each 
military department, with a focus on the Army, 
Navy, and Air Force. 
(4) Analysis of all collected information to iden-
tify recurring strengths and weaknesses in United 
States and NATO tactics, training, and equipment. 
(5) Recommendations to address any corrective 
actions. 
(f) FORM; PUBLICATION.—The report required by 
subsection (e) shall be submitted in unclassified form but 
may include a classified annex. The unclassified portion 
of such report shall be published on a publicly accessible 
website of the Department of Defense.
1269 
(g) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the United States could greatly benefit from 
on-the-ground combat observations of the conflict 
following the Russian invasion of Ukraine to learn 
lessons about modern warfare between near-peer ad-
versaries, and successful and unsuccessful aspects of 
both sides’ tactics, operations, and strategy; 
(2) expert projections of how this conflict was 
likely to unfold were inaccurate, suggesting the 
United States has many lessons to learn from this 
conflict; 
(3) the Department of Defense should, when 
feasible, organize Combat Observation Teams, who 
should be given battlefield access as non-combatants, 
with specialized skill sets to collect information, in-
cluding by conducting first-person interviews, or 
other conflict-specific assessments and observations; 
(4) such collection and observations should 
occur after the conflict has largely subsided, and the 
physical, political, and escalatory risk of sending an 
American combat observer team is sufficiently low; 
(5) such teams should consist of talented senior 
officers and non-commissioned officers with appro-
priate experience and specialties for their task;
1270 
(6) Combat Observation Teams should be en-
couraged to interview Ukrainian military members, 
and civilians, conduct site surveys, and work with 
the United States embassy and other allied countries 
as appropriate; and 
(7) the time is ripe for an infusion of lessons 
from Ukraine, and observations could ensure the 
United States is prepared for the future of modern 
warfare and conflict. 
SEC. 1235. REPORT ON EFFORTS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERA-
TION TO EXPAND ITS PRESENCE AND INFLU-
ENCE IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIB-
BEAN. 
(a) REPORT.—Not later than June 30, 2023, the 
Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of 
Defense and the Director of National Intelligence and in 
consultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal 
departments and agencies, as necessary, shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees a report that 
identifies efforts by the Government of the Russian Fed-
eration to expand its presence and influence in Latin 
America and the Caribbean through diplomatic, military, 
intelligence, and other means, and describes the implica-
tions of such efforts on the national defense and security 
interests of the United States.
1271 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall include the following: 
(1) An identification of— 
(A) the countries of Latin America and the 
Caribbean with which the Government of the 
Russian Federation maintains especially close 
diplomatic, military, and intelligence relation-
ships; 
(B) the number and content of strategic 
partnership agreements or similar agreements, 
including any non-public, secret, or informal 
agreements, that the Government of the Rus-
sian Federation has established with countries 
and regional organizations of Latin America 
and the Caribbean; 
(C) the countries of Latin America and the 
Caribbean to which the Government of the Rus-
sian Federation provides foreign assistance or 
disaster relief (including access to COVID–19 
vaccines), including a description of the amount 
and purpose of, and any conditions attached to, 
such assistance; 
(D) recent visits by senior officials of the 
Government of the Russian Federation, includ-
ing its state-owned or state-directed enterprises,
1274 
ated paramilitary organizations, and para-
military organizations and countries in Latin 
America and the Caribbean; 
(J) the nature, extent, and purpose of the 
Government of the Russian Federation’s intel-
ligence activities in Latin America and the Car-
ibbean; 
(K) the role of the Government of the Rus-
sian Federation in transnational crime in Latin 
America and the Caribbean, including drug 
trafficking, money laundering, and organized 
crime; 
(L) the methods by which the Government 
of the Russian Federation expands its influence 
through support to transnational criminal orga-
nizations in Latin America and the Caribbean; 
and 
(M) efforts by the Government of the Rus-
sian Federation to build its media presence 
through 
government-directed 
disinformation, 
misinformation, or information warfare cam-
paigns in Latin America and the Caribbean, in-
cluding attempts to influence electoral out-
comes, realize military objectives, or destabilize 
governments.
1275 
(3) An assessment of— 
(A) the specific objectives that the Govern-
ment of the Russian Federation seeks to 
achieve by expanding its presence and influence 
in Latin America and the Caribbean, including 
any objectives articulated in official documents 
or statements; 
(B) the degree to which the Government of 
the Russian Federation uses its presence and 
influence in Latin America and the Caribbean 
to encourage, pressure, or coerce governments 
in the region to support its defense and na-
tional security goals, including policy positions 
taken by the Government of the Russian Fed-
eration at international institutions; 
(C) how the Russian Federation uses mul-
tilateral organizations, in particular the Com-
munity of Latin American and Caribbean 
States (CELAC), a regional organization that 
excludes the United States, to expand its pres-
ence and influence in Latin America and the 
Caribbean; and 
(D) the specific actions and activities un-
dertaken by the Government of the Russian 
Federation in Latin America and the Caribbean
1276 
that present the greatest threats or challenges 
to the United States’ defense and national secu-
rity interests in the region. 
(4) Any other matters the Secretary of State 
determines is appropriate. 
(c) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form without any des-
ignation relating to dissemination control, but may include 
a classified annex. The report and its classified annex shall 
be prepared consistent with the protection of intelligence 
sources and methods. 
(d) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMITTEES 
DEFINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate con-
gressional committees’’ means— 
(1) the congressional defense committees; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate 
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 1236. EXPANSION OF COOPERATION AND TRAINING 
WITH UKRAINE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 to build the 
capacity of foreign security forces pursuant to relevant au-
1277 
thorities under title 10, United States Code. Amounts so 
authorized shall be made available to provide assistance 
to Ukrainian military pilots and associated persons for the 
following purposes: 
(1) Training and familiarity building with 
United States fixed-wing aircraft and other air plat-
forms as appropriate for air-to-air and air-to-ground 
combat. 
(2) Training on the use of munitions sets deter-
mined appropriate by the Secretary of Defense. 
(3) Establishing a rapport between the Armed 
Forces of the United States and the armed forces of 
Ukraine to build partnerships for the future. 
(4) Enhancement of capabilities for aerial com-
bat operations. 
(5) Focusing on the ability of Ukraine to teach 
current and future pilots on fixed-wing aircraft and 
other air platforms in Ukraine and elsewhere, espe-
cially during the ongoing Russian invasion of 
Ukraine. 
(6) Fostering a better understanding of the air 
platforms, tactics, and techniques of the United 
States and other member countries of the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization.
1278 
(b) NOTICE TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 15 days 
before providing assistance or support using amounts 
made available pursuant to the authorization under sub-
section (a), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the 
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives 
a notification containing the following elements: 
(1) A detailed description of the assistance or 
support to be provided, including— 
(A) the objectives of such assistance or 
support. 
(B) the budget for such assistance or sup-
port; and 
(C) the expected or estimated timeline for 
delivery of such assistance or support. 
(2) A description of such other matters as the 
Secretary considers appropriate. 
(c) OFFSET.—Notwithstanding the amounts set forth 
in the funding tables in division D, the amount authorized 
to be appropriated in section 301 for operation and main-
tenance, Air Force, Flying Hour Program, Line 080, as 
specified in the corresponding funding table in section 
4301, is hereby reduced by $100,000,000.
1279 
SEC. 1237. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States that the NATO- 
Russia Founding Act, signed May 27, 1997, in Paris, does 
not constrain the deployment of United States or NATO 
forces in any way. 
SEC. 1238. REPORT ON DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PLAN 
FOR RESPONDING TO RUSSIA’S INVASION OF 
UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, and every 6 months 
thereafter, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with 
the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit 
to the congressional defense committees a report outlining 
in detail the Department of Defense plan for responding 
to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, initiated on February 24, 
2022. 
(b) MATTERS TO BE INCLUDED.—The report re-
quired by subsection (a) shall include— 
(1) military assistance provided to Ukraine by 
the Department of Defense and the programs, oper-
ations, and contracts to be carried out under the 
plan described in subsection (a); and 
(2) both the short-term (the next 6 months) 
and long-term (the next 12 months) strategic out-
look or plan with respect to such programs, oper-
ations, and contracts.
1280 
SEC. 1239. PROHIBITION ON RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN 
THE G7. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States to exclude the Russian Federation from the 
Group of Seven or reconstitute a Group of Eight that in-
cludes the Russian Federation. 
(b) LIMITATION.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, no Federal funds are authorized to be appro-
priated or otherwise made available to take any action to 
support or facilitate— 
(1) the participation of the Russian Federation 
in a Group of Seven proceeding; or 
(2) the reconstitution of a Group of Eight that 
includes the Russian Federation. 
SEC. 1240. CONDEMNING DETENTION AND INDICTMENT OF 
RUSSIAN 
OPPOSITION 
LEADER 
VLADIMIR 
VLADIMIROVICH KARA-MURZA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza (re-
ferred to in this section as ‘‘Mr. Kara-Murza’’) has 
tirelessly worked for decades to advance the cause of 
freedom, democracy, and human rights for the peo-
ple of the Russian Federation. 
(2) In retaliation for his advocacy, two attempts 
have been made on Mr. Kara-Murza’s life, as—
1281 
(A) on May 26, 2015, Mr. Kara-Murza fell 
ill with symptoms indicative of poisoning and 
was hospitalized; and 
(B) on February 2, 2017, he fell ill with 
similar symptoms and was placed in a medically 
induced coma. 
(3) Independent investigations conducted by 
Bellingcat, the Insider, and Der Spiegel found that 
the same unit of the Federal Security Service of the 
Russian Federation responsible for poisoning Mr. 
Kara-Murza was responsible for poisoning Russian 
opposition leader Alexei Navalny and activists Timur 
Kuashev, Ruslan Magomedragimov, and Nikita 
Isayev. 
(4) On February 24, 2022, Vladimir Putin 
launched another unprovoked, unjustified, and illegal 
invasion into Ukraine in contravention of the obliga-
tions freely undertaken by the Russian Federation to 
respect the territorial integrity of Ukraine under the 
Budapest Memorandum of 1994, the Minsk proto-
cols of 2014 and 2015, and international law. 
(5) On March 5, 2022, Vladimir Putin signed 
a law criminalizing the distribution of truthful state-
ments about the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian
1282 
Federation and mandating up to 15 years in prison 
for such offenses. 
(6) Since February 24, 2022, Mr. Kara-Murza 
has used his voice and platform to join more than 
15,000 citizens of the Russian Federation in peace-
fully protesting the war against Ukraine and mil-
lions more who silently oppose the war. 
(7) On April 11, 2022, five police officers ar-
rested Mr. Kara-Murza in front of his home and de-
nied his right to an attorney, and the next day Mr. 
Kara-Murza was sentenced to 15 days in prison for 
disobeying a police order. 
(8) On April 22, 2022, the Investigative Com-
mittee of the Russian Federation charged Mr. Kara- 
Murza with violations under the law signed on 
March 5, 2022, for his fact-based statements con-
demning the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian 
Federation. 
(9) Mr. Kara-Murza was then placed into pre-
trial detention and ordered to be held until at least 
June 12, 2022. 
(10) If convicted of those charges, Mr. Kara- 
Murza faces detention in a penitentiary system that 
human rights nongovernmental organizations have
1283 
criticized for widespread torture, ill-treatment, and 
suspicious deaths of prisoners. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that Congress— 
(1) condemns the unjust detention and indict-
ing 
of 
Russian 
opposition 
leader 
Vladimir 
Vladimirovich Kara-Murza, who has courageously 
stood up to oppression in the Russian Federation; 
(2) 
expresses 
solidarity 
with 
Vladimir 
Vladimirovich Kara-Murza, his family, and all indi-
viduals in the Russian Federation imprisoned for ex-
ercising their fundamental freedoms of speech, as-
sembly, and belief; 
(3) urges the United States Government and 
other allied governments to work to secure the im-
mediate release of Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara- 
Murza, Alexei Navalny, and other citizens of the 
Russian Federation imprisoned for opposing the re-
gime of Vladimir Putin and the war against 
Ukraine; and 
(4) calls on the President to increase support 
provided by the United States Government for those 
advocating for democracy and independent media in 
the 
Russian 
Federation, 
which 
Vladimir 
Vladimirovich Kara-Murza has worked to advance.
1284 
SEC. 1241. TASK FORCE TO TRACK SECURITY ASSISTANCE 
TO UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall sub-
mit to the congressional defense committees a report on 
best practices for creating a Task Force or Working 
Group to determine how to track and monitor United 
States defense articles and defense services made available 
to Ukraine. Such report shall also identify gaps or needs 
for greater research investment in developing predictive 
modeling that can forecast the movement of weapons, to 
be used for weapons tracking in Ukraine and in future 
conflicts where the United States provides security assist-
ance. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the submission of the report required by 
subsection (a), the best practices and recommendations 
identified in such report shall be implemented. 
(c) UPDATE.—The President shall provide to the con-
gressional defense committees quarterly updates on the 
progress of implementation in accordance with subsection 
(b). 
SEC. 1242. REPORT ON RISK OF NUCLEAR WAR IN UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense Depart-
ment shall provide Congress with a risk assessment on the 
likelihood of the use of a nuclear weapon as a result of
1285 
the Russian invasion of Ukraine and whether and by how 
much this risk increases the longer that the war continues. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1243. REPORT ON DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF WEAP-
ONS IN UKRAINE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense shall 
submit a report to Congress describing— 
(1) the distribution and use of United States 
weaponry provided to the Ukrainian military includ-
ing compliance with United States law, including 
those prohibiting such weaponry from being provided 
to extremist groups; and 
(2) any efforts underway to prevent the illicit 
distribution or use of such weapons and the effec-
tiveness of any such efforts. 
(b) FORM.—The report required by subsection (a) 
shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include 
a classified annex. 
SEC. 1244. REPORT FROM COUNCIL OF THE INSPECTORS 
GENERAL ON UKRAINE. 
Not later than September 1, 2024, the Chairperson 
of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 
Efficiency shall submit to the congressional defense com-
1286 
mittees, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions of the Senate a report on the oversight infrastructure 
established with respect to United States assistance to 
Ukraine, that also includes the following: 
(1) the structure the Federal Government is 
currently using or plans to adopt (including the spe-
cific agencies charged) to oversee the expenditure of 
assistance to Ukraine; 
(2) whether that oversight structure is best 
suited to conduct such oversight; 
(3) whether there are any gaps in oversight 
over the expenditure of funds for assistance to 
Ukraine; 
(4) whether the agencies identified pursuant to 
paragraph (1) are positioned to be able to accurately 
oversee and track United States assistance to 
Ukraine over the long term; and 
(5) the lessons learned from the manner in 
which oversight over expenditures of assistance to 
Ukraine has been conducted.
1287 
Subtitle E—Matters Relating to 
Europe and NATO 
SEC. 1261. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UNITED STATES DE-
FENSE POSTURE IN EUROPE FOLLOWING 
THE FURTHER INVASION OF UKRAINE. 
It is the sense of Congress as follows: 
(1) The further invasion of Ukraine presents a 
sea change to the security environment in Europe 
that requires a long-term shift in the force posture 
of the United States and its allies, in order to ensure 
the maintenance of collective deterrence. As General 
Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, recently noted, 
‘‘We are witness to the greatest threat to peace and 
security of Europe and perhaps the world in my 42 
years of service in uniform. The Russian invasion of 
Ukraine is threatening to undermine not only Euro-
pean peace and stability but global peace and sta-
bility. * * * We are at a pivot point in the 
geostrategic history of Europe and perhaps the 
globe.’’. 
(2) Adjustments to force posture in Europe 
must be commensurate to this challenge. Alongside 
allied investments, it is necessary for the United 
States to alter its force posture to establish addi-
tional permanently stationed and continuous rota-
1288 
tional forces along Europe’s eastern flank. Given the 
current conditions, it would be untenable for the 
United States to seek to revert to United States 
force levels and positioning present in Europe before 
Russia’s further invasion of Ukraine, to rely solely 
on allied forces for further force posture enhance-
ments, or adopt a path to transition away from in-
vestments in Europe through the European Deter-
rence Initiative (EDI), except for exceptional cases. 
(3) As General Tod Wolters, Commander of 
U.S. European Command, has stated, investments 
made through EDI since 2014 have proved essential 
to the United States ability to respond to the 
Ukraine crisis, deploying units in 5 days that would 
have taken as long as 21 days. General Wolters fur-
ther stated, ‘‘To take an Armored Brigade Combat 
Team and launch it from the continental United 
States, and put it on European turf, and have the 
tanks that comprise that Brigade Combat Team to 
shoot, move, and communicate and fire on range in 
one week is an amazing accomplishment. And that 
was facilitated by those Army Prepositioned Stocks 
and it was practiced in previous exercises which are 
part of the EDI fund. I would just say that when 
we demonstrated to the European community, and
1289 
to the NATO community, and to the world how well 
we can shoot, move, and communicate and transition 
a large force from CONUS to Europe at that pace, 
it’s something that demonstrates the great value of 
EDI.’’. 
(4) Past decisions made by the Department of 
Defense and Congress about prepositioned stocks, 
mobility, and funding for EDI led directly to this 
ability to quickly reinforce the area of operations in 
this crisis, and EDI investments will be crucial for 
adaptation to the new European security environ-
ment. The Department of Defense should continue 
to strongly support EDI investments with a focus on 
adapting deterrence to the new security environment 
and incorporating lessons learned from the conflict 
in Ukraine, and it should not seek a path to EDI’s 
sunset. 
(5) The United States recognizes that strong 
alliances and partnerships are crucial to the mainte-
nance of United States national and global security. 
The NATO alliance has grown more robust and 
more united in response to Russia’s aggression in 
Ukraine. Members of NATO have announced sub-
stantial changes in their defense commitments, 
adopting measures to meet and exceed their Wales
1290 
Pledge commitments to spend 2 percent of Gross 
Domestic Product on defense and increasing com-
mitments to NATO battle group and air policing 
missions, while sending vital defense assistance to 
Ukraine. Congress commends such members of 
NATO for their adoption and sustainment of these 
efforts. Such commitments are vital to the long-term 
effort required to maintain deterrence in the Euro-
pean theater. The United States should continue to 
work with allies on complementary investments to 
establish in Europe a mature, fully integrated deter-
rence platform capable of responding to the ex-
panded threat of Russian aggression and supporting 
NATO allies’ ongoing efforts to collectively resist di-
rect and hybrid threats to shared values, interests, 
and ideals. 
(6) The United States should also redouble ef-
forts to assist NATO allies, particularly on Europe’s 
eastern periphery, in modernizing and integrating 
their defense capabilities taking into account lessons 
from Russia’s war in Ukraine, including efforts to 
provide artillery, MLRS, MANPADS, air defenses, 
and other capabilities. 
(7) As it reinforces deterrence, the United 
States should recognize the acute risks now facing
1291 
allies on Russia’s periphery and pursue national se-
curity investments and strategies commensurate to 
the challenge, including additional EDI programs, in 
the Black Sea, the Baltics, the Arctic, and Central 
Europe, in order to maintain the credibility of the 
‘‘sacred obligation under Article 5 of the North At-
lantic Treaty to defend every inch of NATO terri-
tory.’’. 
(8) Likewise, the United States should keep in 
mind the particularly significant challenges posed to 
non-NATO European partners and seek security 
strategies to continue cooperation and support their 
sovereign rights, while also pursuing security policies 
that support stability in areas of substantial malign 
effort such as the Western Balkans. 
(9) The United States continues to recognize 
the importance of the long-term Baltic Security Ini-
tiative assistance plan that the Department of De-
fense is carrying out under section 333 of title 10, 
United States Code, and the crucial role that such 
investments play in deterring Russian aggression in 
that region.
1292 
SEC. 1262. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON NATO MEMBERSHIP 
FOR FINLAND AND SWEDEN. 
It is the sense of Congress that the United States 
strongly supports membership for Finland and Sweden in 
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 
SEC. 1263. MATTERS RELATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE AT 
NATO. 
The President shall direct the United States Perma-
nent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation (NATO) to— 
(1) advocate for adequate resources towards un-
derstanding and communicating the threat posed by 
climate change to allied civil security (specifically for 
the climate action and resilience agendas); 
(2) support the establishment of a NATO Cen-
ter of Excellence for Climate and Security; 
(3) advocate for an in-depth critical assessment 
of NATO’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate 
change, building upon the Secretary General’s 2022 
climate change and security impact assessment, that 
evaluates and analyzes NATO’s resilience in re-
sponding to the threat climate change will pose on 
migration, food insecurity, and housing insecurity; 
and
1293 
(4) communicate the core security challenge 
posed by climate change as articulated in NATO’s 
strategic concept. 
SEC. 1264. BALTIC REASSURANCE ACT. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Russian Federation seeks to diminish 
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 
and recreate its sphere of influence in Europe using 
coercion, intimidation, and outright aggression. 
(2) Deterring the Russian Federation from 
such aggression is vital for transatlantic security. 
(3) The illegal occupation of Crimea by the 
Russian Federation and its continued engagement of 
destabilizing and subversive activities against inde-
pendent and free states is of increasing concern. 
(4) The Russian Federation also continues to 
disregard treaties, international laws and rights to 
freedom of navigation, territorial integrity, and sov-
ereign international borders. 
(5) The Russian Federation’s continued occupa-
tion of Georgian and Ukrainian territories and the 
sustained military buildup in the Russian Federa-
tion’s Western Military District and Kaliningrad has 
threatened continental peace and stability.
1294 
(6) The Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and 
Lithuania are particularly vulnerable to an increas-
ingly aggressive and subversive Russian Federation. 
(7) In a declaration to celebrate 100 years of 
independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 
issued on April 3, 2018, the Trump Administration 
reaffirmed United States commitments to these Bal-
tic countries to ‘‘improve military readiness and ca-
pabilities through sustained security assistance’’ and 
‘‘explore new ideas and opportunities, including air 
defense, bilaterally and in NATO, to enhance deter-
rence across the region’’. 
(8) These highly valued NATO allies of the 
United States have repeatedly demonstrated their 
commitment to advancing mutual interests as well 
as those of the NATO alliance. 
(9) The Baltic countries also continue to par-
ticipate in United States-led exercises to further pro-
mote coordination, cooperation, and interoperability 
among allies and partner countries, and continue to 
demonstrate their reliability and commitment to pro-
vide for their own defense. 
(10) Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia each hosts 
a respected NATO Center of Excellence that pro-
1295 
vides expertise to educate and promote NATO allies 
and partners in areas of vital interest to the alliance. 
(11) United States support and commitment to 
allies across Europe has been a lynchpin for peace 
and security on the continent for over 70 years. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress as follows: 
(1) The United States is committed to the secu-
rity of the Baltic countries and should strengthen 
cooperation and support capacity-building initiatives 
aimed at improving the defense and security of such 
countries. 
(2) The United States should lead a multilat-
eral effort to develop a strategy to deepen joint ca-
pabilities with Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, NATO al-
lies, and other regional partners, to deter against ag-
gression from the Russian Federation in the Baltic 
region, specifically in areas that would strengthen 
interoperability, joint capabilities, and military readi-
ness necessary for Baltic countries to strengthen 
their national resilience. 
(3) The United States should explore the feasi-
bility of providing long range, mobile air defense sys-
tems in the Baltic region, including through 
leveraging cost-sharing mechanisms and multilateral
1296 
deployment with NATO allies to reduce financial 
burdens on host countries. 
(c) DEFENSE ASSESSMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Defense shall, in consultation with appropriate 
counterparts of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, North 
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies, and 
other regional partners, conduct a comprehensive, 
multilateral assessment of the military requirements 
of such countries to deter and resist aggression by 
the Russian Federation that— 
(A) provides an assessment of past and 
current initiatives to improve the efficiency, ef-
fectiveness, readiness, and interoperability of 
Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia’s national de-
fense capabilities; and 
(B) assesses the manner in which to meet 
those objectives, including future resource re-
quirements and recommendations, by under-
taking activities in the following areas: 
(i) Activities to increase the rotational 
and forward presence, improve the capa-
bilities, and enhance the posture and re-
1297 
sponse readiness of the United States or 
forces of NATO in the Baltic region. 
(ii) Activities to improve air defense 
systems, including modern air-surveillance 
capabilities. 
(iii) Activities to improve counter-un-
manned aerial system capabilities. 
(iv) Activities to improve command 
and control capabilities through increasing 
communications, technology, and intel-
ligence capacity and coordination, includ-
ing secure and hardened communications. 
(v) Activities to improve intelligence, 
surveillance, and reconnaissance capabili-
ties. 
(vi) Activities to enhance maritime do-
main awareness. 
(vii) Activities to improve military and 
defense infrastructure, logistics, and ac-
cess, particularly transport of military sup-
plies and equipment. 
(viii) 
Investments 
to 
ammunition 
stocks and storage.
1298 
(ix) Activities and training to enhance 
cyber security and electronic warfare capa-
bilities. 
(x) Bilateral and multilateral training 
and exercises. 
(xi) New and existing cost-sharing 
mechanisms 
with 
United 
States 
and 
NATO allies to reduce financial burden. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees a report that includes each of the fol-
lowing: 
(A) A report on the findings of the assess-
ment conducted pursuant to subsection (a). 
(B) A list of any recommendations result-
ing from such assessment. 
(C) An assessment of the resource require-
ments to achieve the objectives described in 
subsection (a)(1) with respect to the national 
defense capability of Baltic countries, including 
potential investments by host countries. 
(D) A plan for the United States to use 
appropriate security cooperation authorities or 
other authorities to—
1299 
(i) facilitate relevant recommendations 
included in the list described in paragraph 
(2); 
(ii) expand joint training between the 
Armed Forces and the military of Lith-
uania, Latvia, or Estonia, including with 
the participation of other NATO allies; and 
(iii) support United States foreign 
military sales and other equipment trans-
fers to Baltic countries especially for the 
activities described in subparagraphs (A) 
through (I) of subsection (a)(2). 
(d) CONGRESSIONAL DEFENSE COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘congres-
sional defense committees’’ includes— 
(1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate. 
SEC. 1265. REPORT ON EFFORTS OF NATO TO COUNTER 
MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit 
to the congressional committees specified in subsection (b)
1300 
a report on efforts of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion (NATO) and NATO member states to counter misin-
formation and disinformation. 
(b) CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES SPECIFIED.—The 
congressional committees specified in this subsection are 
the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on For-
eign Relations of the Senate. 
(c) ELEMENTS.—The report required by subsection 
(a) shall— 
(1) assess— 
(A) vulnerabilities of NATO member states 
and 
NATO 
to 
misinformation 
and 
disinformation and describe efforts to counter 
such activities; 
(B) the capacity and efforts of NATO 
member states and NATO to counter misin-
formation and disinformation, including United 
States cooperation with other NATO members 
states; and 
(C) misinformation and disinformation 
campaigns carried out by authoritarian states, 
particularly Russia and China; and
1301 
(2) include recommendations to counter misin-
formation and disinformation. 
SEC. 1266. IMPROVEMENTS TO THE NATO STRATEGIC COM-
MUNICATIONS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE. 
(a) PRIORITIZATION.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall seek to prioritize funding through NATO’s common 
budget to— 
(1) enhance the capability, cooperation, and in-
formation sharing among NATO, NATO member 
countries, and partners, with respect to strategic 
communications and information operations; and 
(2) facilitate education, research and develop-
ment, lessons learned, and consultation in strategic 
communications and information operations. 
(b) CERTIFICATION.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Defense shall certify to the appropriate congressional com-
mittees that the Secretary has assigned executive agent 
responsibility for the Center to an appropriate organiza-
tion within the Department of Defense, and detail the 
steps being under taken to strengthen the role of Center 
in fostering strategic communications and information op-
erations within NATO. 
(c) REPORT REQUIRED.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
1302 
Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re-
port outlining— 
(1) the recommendations of the Secretary with 
respect to improving strategic communications with-
in NATO; and 
(2) the recommendations of the Secretary with 
respect to strengthening the role of the Center in 
fostering strategic communications and information 
operations within NATO. 
(d) BRIEFINGS REQUIRED.—The Secretary of De-
fense shall brief the appropriate congressional committees 
on a biannual basis on— 
(1) the efforts of the Department of Defense to 
strengthen the role of the Center in fostering stra-
tegic communications and information operations 
within NATO; 
(2) how the Department of Defense is working 
with the NATO Strategic Communications Center of 
Excellence and the interagency to improve NATO’s 
ability to counter and mitigate disinformation, active 
measures, propaganda, and denial and deception ac-
tivities of Russia and China; and 
(3) how the Department of Defense is devel-
oping ways to improve strategic communications
1303 
within NATO, including by enhancing the capacity 
of and coordination with the NATO Strategic Com-
munications Center of Excellence. 
(e) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DE-
FINED.—In this section, the term ‘‘appropriate congres-
sional committees’’ means the following: 
(1) The Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(2) The Committee on Armed Services and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
SEC. 1267. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ENHANCING STRA-
TEGIC PARTNERSHIP, DEFENSE AND SECU-
RITY COOPERATION WITH GEORGIA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Georgia is a valued friend and strategic 
partner of the United States and a NATO aspirant 
that has consistently sought to advance shared val-
ues and mutual interests to include deploying along-
side United States forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. 
(2) Over the past 30 years of partnership, the 
United States has contributed to strengthening 
Georgia’s progress on the path of European and 
Euro-Atlantic integration.
1304 
(3) Security in the Black Sea region is a matter 
of strategic importance for the United States, espe-
cially amid Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified war 
on Ukraine. Enhancing Georgia’s self-defense and 
whole-of-government resistance and resilience capac-
ity is critical for Euro-Atlantic security, the United 
States’s national security objectives and strategic in-
terests in the Black Sea region. 
(4) Georgia is a significant economic, energy 
transit, and international trade hub. Georgia is an 
integral part of the East-West corridor that is vital 
to European energy security and diversification of 
strategic supply-chain routes for the United States 
and Europe. 
(5) Continuous illegal occupation of two Geor-
gian regions by Russia, its accelerated attempts of 
de-facto annexation of both regions and hybrid war-
fare tactics including political interference, cyber-at-
tacks, and disinformation and propaganda cam-
paigns pose immediate challenges to the national se-
curity of Georgia and the security of Europe. 
(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should— 
(1) reaffirm support and take steps to enhance 
and deepen the steadfast strategic partnership in all
1305 
priority areas of the 2009 United States—Georgia 
Charter on Strategic Partnership and in line with 
the 2016 Memorandum of Understanding on Deep-
ening the Defense and Security Partnership between 
the United States and Georgia; 
(2) continue firm support to Georgia’s sov-
ereignty and territorial integrity within its inter-
nationally recognized borders; 
(3) intensify efforts towards de-occupation of 
Georgia’s territories and peaceful resolution of Rus-
sia-Georgia conflict, including through consolidation 
of decisive international action to ensure full and un-
conditional fulfilment by the Russian Federation of 
its international obligations, inter alia implementa-
tion of the EU-mediated 12 August 2008 Ceasefire 
Agreement; 
(4) continue strong support and meaningful 
participation in the Geneva International Discus-
sions for ensuring implementation of the Ceasefire 
Agreement by the Russian Federation and achieving 
lasting peace and security in Georgia; 
(5) continue working to strengthen press free-
dom, democratic institutions, and the rule of law in 
Georgia in order to help secure its path of Euro-At-
1306 
lantic integration and aspirant NATO and EU mem-
bership; 
(6) prioritize and deepen defense and security 
cooperation with Georgia, including the full imple-
mentation and potential acceleration of the Georgia 
Defense and Deterrence Enhancement Initiative, in-
creased military financing of Georgia’s equipment 
modernization plans to enhance Georgia’s deter-
rence, territorial defense, whole-of-government re-
sistance and resilience capacity, and to foster readi-
ness and NATO interoperability; 
(7) support existing and new cooperation for-
mats to bolster cooperation among NATO, Georgia 
and Black Sea regional partners to enhance Black 
Sea security especially in the changed security envi-
ronment including increasing the frequency, scale 
and scope of exercises such as NATO Article 5 exer-
cises and assistance to Georgia’s Defense Forces 
modernization efforts; 
(8) enhance assistance to Georgia in the cyber 
domain through training, education, and technical 
assistance to enable Georgia to prevent, mitigate and 
respond to cyber threats; and 
(9) continue support and assistance to Georgia 
in countering Russian disinformation and propa-