IV 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. RES. 168 
Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the sovereignty 
of Mexico and condemning calls for military action in Mexico without 
Mexico’s consent and congressional authorization. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
FEBRUARY 27, 2025 
Mr. CASTRO of Texas (for himself, Mr. GARCI´A of Illinois, Ms. VELA´ZQUEZ, 
Mr. MEEKS, Ms. BARRAGA´N, Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ, Mr. CASAR, Mr. 
KHANNA, Ms. KAMLAGER-DOVE, Mr. VARGAS, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mrs. 
TORRES of California, Mr. JACKSON of Illinois, Ms. OMAR, Ms. TITUS, 
Mr. GOMEZ, Mr. CARSON, Ms. SA´NCHEZ, Mr. GRIJALVA, Ms. JACOBS, 
Mrs. CHERFILUS-MCCORMICK, Ms. NORTON, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, and Ms. 
TLAIB) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs 
RESOLUTION 
Reaffirming the United States commitment to respecting the 
sovereignty of Mexico and condemning calls for military 
action in Mexico without Mexico’s consent and congres-
sional authorization. 
Whereas Article 2(4) of the Charter of the United Nations, 
to which the United States is a party, states, ‘‘All Mem-
bers shall refrain in their international relations from the 
threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or 
political independence of any state, or in any other man-
ner . . .’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:53 Feb 27, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00001
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6300
E:\BILLS\HR168.IH
HR168
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
•HRES 168 IH 
Whereas the Charter of the Organization of American States, 
to which the United States is a party, Article 3(h) of 
Chapter III states, ‘‘An act of aggression against one 
American State is an act of aggression against all the 
other American States’’, and Article 3(i) states, ‘‘Con-
troversies of an international character arising between 
two or more American States shall be settled by peaceful 
procedures’’; 
Whereas Article 22 of the Charter of the Organization of 
American States declares, ‘‘The American States bind 
themselves in their international relations not to have re-
course to the use of force, except in the case of self de-
fense in accordance with existing treaties or in fulfillment 
thereof’’; 
Whereas the United States and Mexico have cooperated for 
several decades on a variety of issues such as trade, in-
vestment, counter-narcotics, migration, rule of law, and 
security, including through recent high-level security and 
economic dialogues; 
Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico could result in 
further violence and displacement in the country, contrib-
uting to forced migration within the Western Hemisphere 
including the United States; 
Whereas Mexico is the largest trading partner of the United 
States, and unilateral military action in Mexico could 
trigger severe bilateral consequences that drive up ex-
penses for workers and consumers in the United States; 
Whereas unilateral military action in Mexico by the United 
States risks trapping the United States military in an in-
tractable conflict, endangering the lives of United States 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:53 Feb 27, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00002
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6300
E:\BILLS\HR168.IH
HR168
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
•HRES 168 IH 
service members and civilians in both Mexico and the 
United States; and 
Whereas it is in the interest of the United States to work 
with the Mexican government to address the challenges 
posed by transnational criminal organizations: Now, 
therefore, be it 
Resolved, That the House of Representatives— 
(1) respects the sovereignty of Mexico, as pro-
tected by the principles of the Charter of the United 
Nations and the Charter of the Organization of 
American States; 
(2) rejects and condemns the use of military 
force by the United States against entities based in 
Mexico if conducted without the consent of the Mexi-
can Government and without an explicit authoriza-
tion for the use of military force enacted by Con-
gress; 
(3) recognizes that any act of aggression on 
Mexico’s sovereign territory without their consent 
could be considered an act of war and a violation of 
international law; 
(4) emphasizes that any actions by the Presi-
dent to engage in hostilities in Mexico without con-
gressional authorization and for purposes other than 
repelling a sudden attack would impinge on the con-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:53 Feb 27, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00003
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6201
E:\BILLS\HR168.IH
HR168
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS
•HRES 168 IH 
stitutional separation of powers and implicate the 
War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541 et seq.); 
(5) underscores that any designation of an enti-
ty, including transnational criminal organizations, as 
a foreign terrorist organization under United States 
law on its own does not provide the President the 
authority to conduct military actions against that 
entity; 
(6) reaffirms the President’s inherent power to 
repel sudden attacks on United States persons and 
territory while noting that the manufacture, trans-
portation, and sale of fentanyl and related chemical 
compounds is not an invasion, predatory incursion, 
or other armed attack by a foreign adversary and 
should not serve as the basis for using military force 
without congressional authorization; and 
(7) calls on continued United States engage-
ment with Mexico and strong bilateral relations to 
support productive and effective means of combating 
rising crime, violence, and drug trafficking. 
Æ 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
22:53 Feb 27, 2025
Jkt 059200
PO 00000
Frm 00004
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6301
E:\BILLS\HR168.IH
HR168
ssavage on LAPJG3WLY3PROD with BILLS