IB 
Union Calendar No. 395 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7109 
[Report No. 118–476] 
To require a citizenship question on the decennial census, to require reporting 
on certain census statistics, and to modify apportionment of Representa-
tives to be based on United States citizens instead of all persons. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 29, 2024 
Mr. EDWARDS (for himself and Mr. DAVIDSON) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Accountability 
APRIL 29, 2024 
Additional sponsors: Mr. OGLES, Mr. BILIRAKIS, Mr. DUNCAN, Mr. FRY, Mr. 
GROTHMAN, Mr. DESJARLAIS, Mr. TIMMONS, Mr. SELF, Mr. CURTIS, 
Mrs. MILLER of Illinois, Mr. POSEY, Mr. BEAN of Florida, Mr. MOORE 
of Alabama, Mr. ROSE, Ms. LEE of Florida, Mr. WEBER of Texas, Mrs. 
LESKO, Mr. COLLINS, Mr. GRAVES of Louisiana, Mr. BABIN, Mr. MOON-
EY, Mrs. MILLER of West Virginia, Mr. FLEISCHMANN, Mr. PFLUGER, 
Mr. TIFFANY, Mr. HERN, Mr. FINSTAD, Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota, 
Mr. TONY GONZALES of Texas, Mr. FEENSTRA, Mr. GOSAR, Mrs. 
CAMMACK, Mr. CLINE, Mr. LAMALFA, Mr. MILLS, Mr. BOST, Mr. 
BANKS, Mr. STRONG, Mr. BURLISON, Mrs. HOUCHIN, Mr. BISHOP of 
North Carolina, Mr. GUEST, Mr. LATTA, Mr. MCCORMICK, Mr. BIGGS, 
Mr. CRANE, Mr. RESCHENTHALER, Mr. ROUZER, Mr. SESSIONS, Mr. 
NORMAN, Mr. CARTER of Texas, Mr. GOODEN of Texas, Mrs. BICE, Mr. 
MOOLENAAR, Mr. BALDERSON, Mr. FITZGERALD, Mr. WESTERMAN, Mr. 
JORDAN, Mr. WILLIAMS of Texas, Mr. NEHLS, Mr. LAMBORN, Mr. 
YAKYM, Mr. BRECHEEN, Mr. MANN, Mr. MIKE GARCIA of California, Ms. 
GREENE of Georgia, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. MORAN, Mr. SCOTT FRANKLIN of 
Florida, Mr. FALLON, Mrs. HINSON, Mr. BUCSHON, Mr. GOOD of Vir-
ginia, Mr. HIGGINS of Louisiana, Mr. MILLER of Ohio, Mrs. MCCLAIN, 
Ms. HAGEMAN, Mr. GRAVES of Missouri, Mr. PALMER, Mr. SMITH of Ne-
braska, Mr. LANGWORTHY, Mr. FLOOD, Mrs. HARSHBARGER, Mr. 
CLYDE, Mr. WENSTRUP, Mr. GREEN of Tennessee, Mrs. WAGNER, Mrs. 
FISCHBACH, Mr. DONALDS, Mr. STEUBE, Ms. BOEBERT, Mr. MEUSER, 
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Mr. HUNT, Mr. DUNN of Florida, Mr. ROSENDALE, Ms. MACE, Mr. 
CLOUD, Mr. ESTES, Mr. JACKSON of Texas, Mr. OWENS, Mr. COMER, 
Mr. HUIZENGA, Mr. SCALISE, Mr. ROY, Ms. TENNEY, Mr. D’ESPOSITO, 
Mr. LOUDERMILK, Mr. BARR, Mr. HARRIS, Mr. LATURNER, Mr. STEIL, 
Mr. LAHOOD, and Mr. MURPHY 
APRIL 29, 2024 
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House 
on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on January 29, 2024] 
A BILL 
To require a citizenship question on the decennial census, 
to require reporting on certain census statistics, and 
to modify apportionment of Representatives to be based 
on United States citizens instead of all persons. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Equal Representation 
Act’’. 
SEC. 2. CITIZENSHIP STATUS ON DECENNIAL CENSUS. 
Section 141 of title 13, United States Code, is amend-
ed— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection 
(h); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following: 
‘‘(g)(1) In conducting the 2030 decennial census and 
each decennial census thereafter, the Secretary shall include 
in any questionnaire distributed or otherwise used for the 
purpose of determining the total population by States a 
checkbox or other similar option for the respondent to indi-
cate, for the respondent and for each of the members of the 
household of the respondent, whether that individual is a 
citizen of the United States. 
‘‘(2) Not later than 120 days after completion of a de-
cennial census of the population under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall make publicly available the number of indi-
viduals per State, disaggregated by citizens of the United 
States and noncitizens, as tabulated in accordance with this 
section.’’. 
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SEC. 3. EXCLUSION OF NONCITIZENS FROM NUMBER OF 
PERSONS USED TO DETERMINE APPORTION-
MENT OF REPRESENTATIVES AND NUMBER 
OF ELECTORAL VOTES. 
(a) EXCLUSION.—Section 22(a) of the Act entitled ‘‘An 
Act to provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial 
censuses and to provide for apportionment of Representa-
tives in Congress’’, approved June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 
2a(a)), is amended by inserting after ‘‘not taxed’’ the fol-
lowing: ‘‘and individuals who are not citizens of the United 
States’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by sub-
section (a) shall apply with respect to the apportionment 
of Representatives carried out pursuant to the decennial 
census conducted during 2030 and any succeeding decennial 
census. 
SEC. 4. SEVERABILITY CLAUSE. 
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by 
this Act, or the application thereof to any person or cir-
cumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of 
the provisions of this Act and amendments made by this 
Act, and the application of the provision or amendment to 
any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected. 
Amend the title so as to read: ‘‘A bill to require a 
citizenship question on the decennial census, to require 
reporting on certain census statistics, and to modify ap-
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portionment of Representatives to be based on United 
States citizens instead of all individuals.’’. 
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Union Calendar No. 395 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 7109 
[Report No. 118–476] 
A BILL 
To require a citizenship question on the decennial 
census, to require reporting on certain census 
statistics, and to modify apportionment of Rep-
resentatives to be based on United States citizens 
instead of all persons. 
APRIL 29, 2024 
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee 
of the Whole House on the State of the Union, and or-
dered to be printed 
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