(2) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘(a) If the’’ and all that 
follows through ‘‘Any such civil penalty’’ in the third 
sentence and inserting the following: 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A person shall be subject to a 
civil penalty imposed by the Secretary if the Secretary de-
termines that the person— 
‘‘(1) has failed to submit a report in accordance 
with the provisions of section 2; or 
‘‘(2) has knowingly submitted a report under 
section 2 that— 
‘‘(A) does not contain all the information 
required to be in such report; or 
‘‘(B) contains information that is mis-
leading or false. 
‘‘(b) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS FROM CIVIL PEN-
ALTIES.—A civil penalty collected under subsection (a) 
shall be available to the Secretary without appropriation 
and remain available until expended for the purpose of en-
forcing this Act. 
‘‘(c) CIVIL ACTION.—Any civil penalty imposed by 
the Secretary under subsection (a)’’; and 
(3) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)— 
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(A) by striking the subsection designation 
and all that follows through ‘‘The amount’’ and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(d) AMOUNT OF PENALTY.—The amount’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘of this section’’; and 
(C) by striking ‘‘shall not exceed 25 per-
cent’’ and inserting ‘‘shall be not less than 5 
percent, but not more than 25 percent,’’. 
(c) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF NONCOMPLIANT PER-
SONS.—Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by 
subsection (b)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(e) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF NONCOMPLIANT PER-
SONS.—The Secretary shall publicly disclose the name of 
each person who paid to the Secretary a civil penalty im-
posed under subsection (a), including, if applicable, after 
the completion of an appeal of a civil penalty.’’. 
(d) PUBLICATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
Section 3 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclo-
sure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3502) (as amended by sub-
section (c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(f) OUTREACH.—Using existing resources and ef-
forts to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 
shall carry out a nationwide outreach program directed 
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primarily towards landlords, owners, operators, persons, 
producers, and tenants (as those terms are defined in sec-
tion 718.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (as in 
effect on the date of enactment of the Foreign Agricul-
tural Restrictions to Maintain Local Agriculture and Na-
tional Defense Act of 2025)) of agricultural land and 
county property appraiser offices, land appraisal compa-
nies, and real estate auction companies to increase public 
awareness and provide education regarding the reporting 
requirements under this section.’’. 
(e) DUE DILIGENCE REQUIREMENTS.—The Agricul-
tural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 is 
amended by inserting after section 4 (7 U.S.C. 3503) the 
following: 
‘‘SEC. 5. DUE DILIGENCE REQUIREMENTS. 
‘‘Any entity (including a buyer, seller, real estate 
agent, broker, and title company) involved in the purchase 
or transfer of agricultural land in the United States 
shall— 
‘‘(1) conduct due diligence relating to the agri-
culture land being purchased or transferred; and 
‘‘(2) certify to the Secretary that, to the best of 
the knowledge and belief of the entity, the entity is 
in compliance with all applicable provisions of this 
Act.’’. 
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SEC. 3. REPORT ON AGRICULTURAL LAND PURCHASING 
ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES BY COUN-
TRIES DESIGNATED AS STATE SPONSORS OF 
TERRORISM AND CERTAIN OTHER COUN-
TRIES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGRICULTURAL LAND.—The term ‘‘agricul-
tural land’’ has the meaning given the term in sec-
tion 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment Dis-
closure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508). 
(2) 
APPROPRIATE
COMMITTEES
OF
CON-
GRESS.—The term ‘‘appropriate committees of Con-
gress’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutri-
tion, and Forestry of the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate; 
(D) the Committee on Homeland Security 
of the House of Representatives; 
(E) the Committee on Agriculture of the 
House of Representatives; and 
(F) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives. 
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(3) COVERED FOREIGN COUNTRY.—The term 
‘‘covered foreign country’’ means— 
(A) the People’s Republic of China; 
(B) the Russian Federation; 
(C) a state sponsor of terrorism; and 
(D) any other country identified by the 
Secretary of Homeland Security or the Sec-
retary of Agriculture. 
(4) COVERED
FOREIGN
PERSON.—The term 
‘‘covered foreign person’’ means a foreign person (as 
defined in section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign In-
vestment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508)) 
that is a citizen of, or headquartered in, as applica-
ble, a covered foreign country. 
(5) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 9 of the Agricultural 
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 3508). 
(6) STATE SPONSOR OF TERRORISM.—The term 
‘‘state sponsor of terrorism’’ means a country the 
government of which the Secretary of State has de-
termined has repeatedly provided support for acts of 
international terrorism, for purposes of— 
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(A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 
Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 
4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); 
(B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371); 
(C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Con-
trol Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d)); or 
(D) any other provision of law. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually 
thereafter, the Secretary of Agriculture, with sup-
port from the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Con-
gress a report describing the national security risks 
of the purchase and management of agricultural 
land by covered foreign persons. 
(2) CONTENTS.—A report submitted under 
paragraph (1) shall include the following with re-
spect to the year covered by the report: 
(A) A description of— 
(i) the number of acres of agricultural 
land owned or managed by covered foreign 
persons, organized by State; and 
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United States due to the ownership of agricul-
tural land by covered foreign persons. 
(3) UNCLASSIFIED FORM.—A report submitted 
under this subsection shall— 
(A) be submitted in unclassified form, but 
may include a classified annex; and 
(B) be consistent with the protection of in-
telligence sources and methods. 
SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS. 
(a) INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS.—Section 4 of the Agri-
cultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 
U.S.C. 3503) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 4. INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall appoint an 
employee in the Senior Executive Service (as described in 
section 3131 of title 5, United States Code) of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture to serve as Chief of Operations of In-
vestigative Actions (referred to in this section as the ‘Chief 
of Operations’), who shall hire, appoint, and maintain ad-
ditional employees to monitor compliance with the provi-
sions of this Act. 
‘‘(b) CHIEF OF OPERATIONS.—The Chief of Oper-
ations may serve in such position simultaneously with a 
concurrent position within the Department of Agriculture. 
‘‘(c) SECURITY.—The Secretary shall— 
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‘‘(1) provide classified storage, meeting, and 
other spaces, as necessary, for personnel; and 
‘‘(2) assist personnel in obtaining security clear-
ances. 
‘‘(d) DUTIES.—The Chief of Operations shall— 
‘‘(1) monitor compliance with this Act; 
‘‘(2) refer noncompliance with this Act to the 
Secretary, the Farm Service Agency, and any other 
appropriate authority; 
‘‘(3) conduct investigations, in coordination 
with the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau 
of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity, the Department of the Treasury, the National 
Security Council, and State and local law enforce-
ment agencies, on malign efforts— 
‘‘(A) to steal agricultural knowledge and 
technology; and 
‘‘(B) to disrupt the United States agricul-
tural base; 
‘‘(4) conduct an annual audit of the database 
developed under section 6(b) of the Foreign Agricul-
tural Restrictions to Maintain Local Agriculture and 
National Defense Act of 2025; 
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‘‘(5) seek to enter into memoranda of agree-
ment and memoranda of understanding with the 
Federal agencies described in paragraph (3)— 
‘‘(A) to ensure compliance with this Act; 
and 
‘‘(B) to prevent the malign efforts de-
scribed in that paragraph; 
‘‘(6) refer to the Committee on Foreign Invest-
ment in the United States transactions that— 
‘‘(A) raise potential national security con-
cerns; and 
‘‘(B) result in agricultural land acquisition 
by a foreign person that is a citizen of, or 
headquartered in, as applicable, a foreign entity 
of concern; and 
‘‘(7) publish annual reports that summarize the 
information contained in every report received by the 
Secretary under section 2 during the period covered 
by the report. 
‘‘(e) ADMINISTRATION.—The Chief of Operations 
shall report to— 
‘‘(1) the Secretary; or 
‘‘(2) if delegated by the Secretary, to— 
‘‘(A) the Administrator of the Farm Serv-
ice Agency; or 
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‘‘(B) the Director of the Department of 
Agriculture Office of Homeland Security.’’. 
(b) DEFINITION
OF FOREIGN ENTITY
OF CON-
CERN.—Section 9 of the Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3508) is amended— 
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ‘‘For purposes of this Act—’’ and inserting 
‘‘In this Act:’’; 
(2) in each of paragraphs (1) through (6)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘the term’’ and inserting 
‘‘The term’’; and 
(B) by inserting a paragraph heading, the 
text of which comprises the term defined in that 
paragraph; 
(3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through 
(6) as paragraphs (3), (4), (6), (7), and (8), respec-
tively; 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(2) FOREIGN
ENTITY
OF
CONCERN.—The 
term ‘foreign entity of concern’ has the meaning 
given the term in section 9901 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (15 U.S.C. 4651).’’; and 
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(5) by inserting after paragraph (4) (as so re-
designated) the following: 
‘‘(5) MALIGN EFFORT.—The term ‘malign ef-
fort’ means any hostile effort undertaken by, at the 
direction of, on behalf of, or with the substantial 
support of the government of a foreign entity of con-
cern.’’. 
(c) REPORTS.—The Agricultural Foreign Investment 
Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 11. REPORTS. 
‘‘(a) INITIAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary 
shall submit to Congress a report that describes the 
progress of the Secretary in implementing the amend-
ments made by the Foreign Agricultural Restrictions to 
Maintain Local Agriculture and National Defense Act of 
2025. 
‘‘(b) REPORT
ON
TRACKING
COVERED
TRANS-
ACTIONS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of en-
actment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Con-
gress a report on the feasibility of— 
‘‘(1) establishing a mechanism for quantifying 
the threats posed by foreign entities of concern to 
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