H. R. 5009—680 
SEC. 5501. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON INTENTIONAL DISRUPTION 
OF THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM. 
(a) STUDY.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study on the vulnerability of the national airspace system 
to potential disruptive operations by any person, party, or entity 
(in this section referred to as ‘‘adversaries’’) exploiting the electro-
magnetic spectrum and security vulnerabilities in the Aircraft 
Communications, Reporting and Addressing System and Controller 
Pilot Data Link Communications. Such study shall include an anal-
ysis of— 
(1) the extent to which adversaries can engage in denial 
of service attacks and electromagnetic spectrum interference 
against— 
(A) the national airspace system; and 
(B) high-traffic international routes of economic and 
strategic importance to the United States; 
(2) the Federal Government’s efforts, to date, to prevent 
and prepare for such denial of service attacks and spectrum 
disruptions; 
(3) the feasibility of mitigating the vulnerabilities through 
cybersecurity and other upgrades to the Aircraft Communica-
tions, Reporting and Addressing System and Controller Pilot 
Data Link Communications; 
(4) whether the Federal Aviation Administration is 
requiring sufficient cybersecurity and electromagnetic spectrum 
defenses to address denial of service attacks and other risks 
in new technologies it mandates be used on aircraft; and 
(5) any other item determined appropriate by the Comp-
troller General. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) TO CONGRESS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services, the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and 
the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure, and the Permanent 
Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Represent-
atives a report containing the results of the study conducted 
under subsection (a) together with recommendations for 
such legislation and administrative action as the Comp-
troller General determines appropriate. 
(B) UNCLASSIFIED
FORM.—In preparing the report 
under subparagraph (A), the Comptroller General shall 
ensure that any classified information is only in an 
addendum to the report and not in the main body of the 
report. 
(2) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The Comptroller General shall 
post the report submitted under paragraph (1) on the public 
internet website of the Government Accountability Office at 
the time of such submission but shall not include any classified 
addendum included with such report.
H. R. 5009—681 
SEC. 5502. FRANK A. LOBIONDO NATIONAL AEROSPACE SAFETY AND 
SECURITY CAMPUS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The campus and grounds of the Federal Avia-
tion Administration Technical Center located at the Atlantic City 
International Airport in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, shall 
be known and designated as the ‘‘Frank A. LoBiondo National 
Aerospace Safety and Security Campus’’. 
(b) REFERENCE.—Any reference in a law, map, regulation, docu-
ment, paper, or other record of the United States to the campus 
and grounds at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical 
Center referred to in subsection (a) shall be deemed to be a reference 
to the ‘‘Frank A. LoBiondo National Aerospace Safety and Security 
Campus’’. 
TITLE LVI—HOMELAND SECURITY- 
RELATED MATTERS 
Subtitle A—Securing Adjacent Federal Property 
Sec. 5601. Short title. 
Sec. 5602. Definitions. 
Sec. 5603. Government-wide study. 
Subtitle B—Other Matters 
Sec. 5611. Department of Homeland Security Northern Border Mission Center. 
Sec. 5612. Comptroller General report on the Homeland Security Information Net-
work. 
Subtitle A—Securing Adjacent Federal 
Property 
SEC. 5601. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Secure Adjacent Federal 
Property Act of 2023’’. 
SEC. 5602. DEFINITIONS. 
In this subtitle: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the 
Administrator of General Services. 
(2) BENEFICIAL OWNER.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘beneficial owner’’, with 
respect to a covered entity, means each natural person 
who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrange-
ment, understanding, relationship, or otherwise— 
(i) exercises substantial control over the covered 
entity; or 
(ii) owns or controls not less than 25 percent of 
the ownership interests of, or receives substantial eco-
nomic benefits from the assets of, the covered entity. 
(B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘beneficial owner’’, with 
respect to a covered entity, does not include— 
(i) a minor; 
(ii) a person acting as a nominee, intermediary, 
custodian, or agent on behalf of another person; 
(iii) a person acting solely as an employee of the 
covered entity and whose control over or economic
H. R. 5009—682 
benefits from the covered entity derives solely from 
the employment status of the person; 
(iv) a person whose only interest in the covered 
entity is through a right of inheritance, unless the 
person also meets the requirements of subparagraph 
(A); or 
(v) a creditor of the covered entity, unless the 
creditor also meets the requirements of subparagraph 
(A). 
(C) ANTI-ABUSE RULE.—The exclusions under subpara-
graph (B) shall not apply if, in the determination of the 
Administrator, an exclusion is used for the purpose of 
evading, circumventing, or abusing the requirements of 
this subtitle. 
(3) CONTROL.—The term ‘‘control’’, with respect to a covered 
entity, means— 
(A) having the authority or ability to determine how 
the covered entity is utilized; or 
(B) having some decisionmaking power for the use 
of the covered entity. 
(4) COVERED ENTITY.—The term ‘‘covered entity’’ means— 
(A) a person, corporation, company, business associa-
tion, partnership, society, trust, or any other nongovern-
mental entity, organization, or group; or 
(B) any governmental entity or instrumentality of a 
government. 
(5) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Executive agency’’ has 
the meaning given the term in section 105 of title 5, United 
States Code. 
(6) FEDERAL AGENCY.—The term ‘‘Federal agency’’ means— 
(A) an Executive agency; and 
(B) any establishment in the legislative or judicial 
branch of the Federal Government. 
(7) FEDERAL LESSEE.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘Federal lessee’’ means— 
(i) the Administrator; 
(ii) the Architect of the Capitol; and 
(iii) the head of any other Federal agency that 
has independent statutory leasing authority. 
(B) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘Federal lessee’’ does not 
include— 
(i) the head of an element of the intelligence 
community; or 
(ii) the Secretary of Defense. 
(8) FEDERAL TENANT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘Federal tenant’’ means 
a Federal agency that is occupying or will occupy a high- 
security leased space for which a lease agreement has 
been secured on behalf of the Federal agency. 
(B) EXCLUSION.—The term ‘‘Federal tenant’’ does not 
include an element of the intelligence community. 
(9) FOREIGN ENTITY.—The term ‘‘foreign entity’’ means— 
(A) a corporation, company, business association, part-
nership, society, trust, or any other nongovernmental 
entity, organization, or group that is headquartered in 
or organized under the laws of— 
(i) a country that is not the United States; or
H. R. 5009—683 
(ii) a State, unit of local government, or Indian 
Tribe that is not located within or a territory of the 
United States; or 
(B) a government or governmental instrumentality that 
is not— 
(i) the United States Government; or 
(ii) a State, unit of local government, or Indian 
Tribe that is located within or a territory of the United 
States. 
(10) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term ‘‘foreign person’’ means 
an individual who is not a United States person. 
(11) HIGH-SECURITY LEASED ADJACENT SPACE.—The term 
‘‘high-security leased adjacent space’’ means a building or office 
space that shares a boundary with or surrounds a high-security 
leased space. 
(12) HIGH-SECURITY LEASED SPACE.—The term ‘‘high-secu-
rity leased space’’ means a space leased by a Federal lessee 
that— 
(A) will be occupied by Federal employees for non-
military activities; and 
(B) has a facility security level of III, IV, or V, as 
determined by the Federal tenant in consultation with 
the Interagency Security Committee, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security, and the Administrator. 
(13) HIGHEST-LEVEL
OWNER.—The term ‘‘highest-level 
owner’’ means an entity that owns or controls— 
(A) an immediate owner of the offeror of a lease for 
a high-security leased adjacent space; or 
(B) 1 or more entities that control an immediate owner 
of the offeror of a lease described in subparagraph (A). 
(14) IMMEDIATE
OWNER.—The term ‘‘immediate owner’’ 
means an entity, other than the offeror of a lease for a high- 
security leased adjacent space, that has direct control of that 
offeror, including— 
(A) ownership or interlocking management; 
(B) identity of interests among family members; 
(C) shared facilities and equipment; and 
(D) the common use of employees. 
(15) INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY.—The term ‘‘intelligence 
community’’ has the meaning given the term in section 3 of 
the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003). 
(16) 
SUBSTANTIAL
ECONOMIC
BENEFITS.—The 
term 
‘‘substantial economic benefits’’, with respect to a natural per-
son described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii), means having an entitle-
ment to the funds or assets of a covered entity that, as a 
practical matter, enables the person, directly or indirectly, to 
control, manage, or direct the covered entity. 
(17) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term ‘‘United States per-
son’’ means an individual who— 
(A) is a citizen of the United States; or 
(B) is an alien lawfully admitted for permanent resi-
dence in the United States. 
SEC. 5603. GOVERNMENT-WIDE STUDY. 
(a) COORDINATION STUDY.—The Administrator, in coordination 
with the Director of the Federal Protective Service, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the Director of the Office of Management
H. R. 5009—684 
and Budget, and any other relevant entities, as determined by 
the Administrator, shall carry out a Government-wide study exam-
ining options to assist agencies (as defined in section 551 of title 
5, United States Code) to produce a security assessment process 
for high-security leased adjacent space before entering into a lease 
or novation agreement with a covered entity for the purposes of 
accommodating a Federal tenant located in a high-security leased 
space. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The study required under subsection (a)— 
(1) shall evaluate how to produce a security assessment 
process that includes a process for assessing the threat level 
of each occupancy of a high-security leased adjacent space, 
including through— 
(A) site-visits; 
(B) interviews; and 
(C) any other relevant activities determined necessary 
by the Director of the Federal Protective Service; and 
(2) may include a process for collecting and using informa-
tion on each immediate owner, highest-level owner, or beneficial 
owner of a covered entity that seeks to enter into a lease 
with a Federal lessee for a high-security leased adjacent space, 
including— 
(A) name; 
(B) current residential or business street address; and 
(C) an identifying number or document that verifies 
identity as a United States person, a foreign person, or 
a foreign entity. 
(c) WORKING GROUP.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination 
with the Director of Federal Protective Service, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the Director of the Office of Management 
and Budget, and any other relevant entities, as determined 
by the Administrator, shall establish a working group to assist 
in the carrying out of the study required under subsection 
(a). 
(2) NO COMPENSATION.—A member of the working group 
established under paragraph (1) shall receive no compensation 
as a result of serving on the working group. 
(3) SUNSET.—The working group established under para-
graph (1) shall terminate on the date on which the report 
required under subsection (f) is submitted. 
(d) PROTECTION
OF INFORMATION.—The Administrator shall 
ensure that any information collected pursuant to the study 
required under subsection (a) shall not be made available to the 
public. 
(e) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this section requires an entity 
located in the United States to provide information requested pursu-
ant to the study required under subsection (a). 
(f) REPORT.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Director 
of Federal Protective Service, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and any 
other relevant entities, as determined by the Administrator, shall 
submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report describing—
H. R. 5009—685 
(1) the results of the study required under subsection (a); 
and 
(2) how all applicable privacy laws and rights relating 
to the First and Fourth Amendments to the Constitution of 
the United States would be upheld and followed in— 
(A) the security assessment process described in para-
graph (1) of subsection (b); and 
(B) the information collection process described in para-
graph (2) of that subsection. 
(g) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this section authorizes a Federal 
entity to mandate information gathering unless specifically author-
ized by law. 
(h) PROHIBITION.—No information collected pursuant the secu-
rity assessment process described in subsection (b)(1) may be used 
for law enforcement purposes. 
(i) NO ADDITIONAL FUNDING.—No additional funds are author-
ized to be appropriated to carry out this section. 
Subtitle B—Other Matters 
SEC. 5611. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY NORTHERN 
BORDER MISSION CENTER. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security Northern Border Mission Center. 
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of the Center shall be to serve 
as the Department’s forward deployed centralized operations sup-
port center for domain awareness, information sharing, intelligence, 
training, and stakeholder engagement with Federal, State, tribal, 
local, and international government partners along the northern 
border of the United States. 
(c) LOCATION.—The Center shall be placed along the northern 
border at a location that is collocated with an existing U.S. Border 
Patrol sector headquarters, an Air and Marine Operations branch, 
and a United States Coast Guard air station, and other existing 
Department activities. 
(d) COMPONENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Center shall collocate personnel and 
activities of— 
(A) U.S. Customs and Border Protection; 
(B) the United States Coast Guard; 
(C) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s 
Homeland Security Investigations; and 
(D) other components and offices of the Department 
that the Secretary determines to be necessary, including 
to support the training, technology testing, and develop-
ment described in subsection (e). 
(2) ADDITIONAL
PERSONNEL.—Additional Federal, State, 
tribal, local, and international government partners may be 
collocated as the Secretary determines to be necessary and 
appropriate to support the operations described in this section. 
(e) FUNCTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Center shall perform the functions 
described in this subsection in addition to any other functions 
assigned by the Secretary. In carrying out these functions,
H. R. 5009—686 
the Center shall support the Department’s northern border 
security operations. 
(2) 
NORTHERN
BORDER
STRATEGY.—The 
Center, 
in 
collaboration with relevant offices and components of the 
Department, shall— 
(A) serve as a coordination mechanism for operational 
components for the implementation of the Department of 
Homeland Security Northern Border Strategy and any suc-
cessor strategy and support appropriate offices of the 
Department in the evaluation and updating of the Depart-
ment of Homeland Security Northern Border Strategy and 
any successor strategy; and 
(B) support the development of best practices and poli-
cies for personnel at the northern border to support such 
implementation. 
(3) TRAINING.—The Center shall serve as a training location 
to support the delivery of training or exercises for Department 
personnel and Federal, State, tribal, local, and international 
government partners. 
(4) RESOURCE
AND
TECHNOLOGICAL
NEEDS
AND
CHAL-
LENGES.—The Center, in collaboration with relevant offices and 
components of the Department, shall— 
(A) identify resource and technological needs or chal-
lenges affecting security along the northern border; and 
(B) serve as a testing ground and demonstration loca-
tion for the testing of border security technology, including 
determining such technology’s suitability and performance 
in the northern border and maritime environments. 
(5) AIR AND MARINE OPERATIONS.— 
(A) QUICK REACTION CAPABILITIES.—In support of the 
Center, U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s Air and 
Marine Operations shall establish and maintain capability 
that is collocated with the Center and available for quick 
deployment in support of the northern border missions, 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the Department, 
including missions in the Great Lakes region. 
(B) NORTHERN BORDER DOMAIN AWARENESS.—In order 
to coordinate with the Center and support its operations, 
the Air and Marine Operations Center shall collocate per-
sonnel and resources with the Center to enhance the 
Department’s capabilities to— 
(i) support air and maritime domain awareness 
and information sharing efforts along the northern 
border; 
(ii) provide dedicated monitoring of northern 
border systems; and 
(iii) lead, in coordination with other U.S. Customs 
and Border Protection components, Federal, State, 
tribal, local, and international governments, and pri-
vate sector partners, the Center’s efforts to track and 
monitor 
legitimate 
cross-border 
traffic 
involving 
unmanned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems. 
(6) COUNTER-UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to policies established by 
the Secretary, consistent with section 210G of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 124n), the Center
H. R. 5009—687 
shall support counter-unmanned aircraft systems oper-
ations along the northern border to respond to the increased 
use of unmanned aircraft systems. 
(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
may be construed to provide additional authority related 
to detection, mitigation, research, development, or testing 
of unmanned aircraft systems or counter-unmanned air-
craft systems. 
(7) PRIVACY AND CIVIL RIGHTS.—The Center, in collabora-
tion with the Chief Privacy Officer and the Office for Civil 
Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department, shall ensure 
that operations and practices of the Center comply with the 
privacy and civil rights policies of the Department and its 
components, and as necessary, ensure there are resources or 
personnel available to support the Center’s mission onsite. 
(8) NONCONTIGUOUS NORTHERN BORDER.—The Center, in 
collaboration with relevant offices and components of the 
Department, shall identify the specific challenges that exist 
along the noncontiguous international land border with Canada 
and the maritime border with Russia, including resource, 
technological challenges, and domain awareness. 
(f) ANNUAL REPORTING.—Not later than 180 days after the 
establishment of the Center, and annually thereafter, the Secretary 
shall submit a report, that may include a classified annex or a 
sensitive but unclassified annex, to the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Home-
land Security of the House of Representatives, the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representa-
tives that describes the activities of the Center during the most 
recently concluded fiscal year, including— 
(1) personnel levels; 
(2) additional resources that are needed to support the 
operations of the Center and northern border operations of 
the Department; and 
(3) any additional assets or authorities that are needed 
to increase security and domain awareness along the northern 
border. 
(g) TEMPORARY
DUTY
ASSIGNMENTS.—The Secretary shall 
submit a quarterly report to the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
Homeland Security of the House of Representatives regarding tem-
porary duty assignments of U.S. Border Patrol agents during the 
reporting period, including— 
(1) the number of agents on temporary duty assignment; 
(2) the duration of the temporary duty assignment; 
(3) the sectors from which the agents were assigned; and 
(4) the sectors to which the agents were assigned. 
(h) REPORT ON LARGE UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS OPER-
ATIONS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a 
report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate, the Committee on Homeland Security
H. R. 5009—688 
of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Transpor-
tation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the 
Department’s operation of large unmanned aircraft systems. The 
report shall include information on existing large unmanned aircraft 
systems, as well as recommendations on how to enable the oper-
ations of large unmanned aircraft systems based at the Center 
established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. 
(i) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.— 
(1) AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH CENTER.—The Center estab-
lished pursuant to subsection (a) shall be established separate 
and distinct from the Secretary’s authorities under section 708 
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 348). 
(2) COMMANDANT AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this section shall 
be construed to affect, impinge, or alter any authority of the 
Commandant of the Coast Guard under title 14 or title 46, 
United States Code, or limit the Commandant’s discretion and 
ability to deploy Coast Guard assets and personnel. 
(j) SUNSET.—This section shall cease to be effective beginning 
on October 1, 2027. 
(k) NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS.—No additional funds are authorized 
to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this section. 
(l) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) CENTER.—The term ‘‘Center’’ means the Department 
of Homeland Security Northern Border Mission Center estab-
lished pursuant to subsection (a). 
(2) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ means the 
Department of Homeland Security. 
(3) NORTHERN
BORDER.—The term ‘‘northern border’’ 
means— 
(A) the international border between the United States 
and Canada; and 
(B) the maritime border between Alaska and the Rus-
sian Federation. 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary 
of Homeland Security. 
SEC. 5612. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON THE HOMELAND 
SECURITY INFORMATION NETWORK. 
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives a report 
that includes the following: 
(1) An examination of how the Homeland Security Informa-
tion Network is used to share information with the following: 
(A) Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial law 
enforcement and governmental partners. 
(B) Private sector partners and nonprofit partners from 
across a variety of sectors, communities, and geographic 
locations. 
(2) A comparison of the use, by such law enforcement 
partners, on both desktops and mobile applications of the Home-
land Security Information Network to the use of other tools,