H. R. 4346—374 
(3) not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, submit to the appropriate committees of Congress— 
(A) a report on the results of the assessment conducted 
under paragraph (1); and 
(B) a plan to address any recommendations of the 
Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, consistent with section 
31101(c)(2) of title 51, United States Code, with respect 
to such assessment. 
SEC. 10816. PRIORITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall assess International 
Space Station research activities and shall ensure that crew time 
and resources allocated to the Administration for use on the Inter-
national Space Station prioritize— 
(1) the research of the Human Research Program, including 
research on and development of countermeasures relevant to 
reducing human health and performance risks, behavioral and 
psychological risks, and other astronaut safety risks related 
to long-duration human spaceflight; 
(2) risk reduction activities relevant to exploration tech-
nologies, including for the Environmental Control and Life Sup-
port System, extravehicular activity and space suits, environ-
mental monitoring, safety, emergency response, and deep space 
communications; 
(3) the advancement of United States leadership in basic 
and applied space life and physical science research, consistent 
with the priorities of the most recent space life and physical 
sciences decadal survey of the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine; and 
(4) other research and development activities identified 
by the Administrator as essential to Moon to Mars activities. 
(b) REPORTS.— 
(1) ASSESSMENT AND PRIORITIZATION.—Not later than 180 
days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress 
a report on— 
(A) the assessment; and 
(B) the steps taken to achieve the prioritization 
required by subsection (a). 
(2) SPACE FLIGHT PARTICIPANTS.—Not later than 120 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on measures taken, with respect to space flight participants 
aboard the ISS, to ensure government astronaut safety, to 
avoid interference in ISS operations and research priorities, 
and to prevent undue demands on crew time and resources. 
(3) ANNUAL
PROGRESS
REPORTS.—Concurrent with the 
annual budget submission of the President to Congress under 
section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, the Adminis-
trator shall provide to the appropriate committees of Congress 
an annual accounting of the use of Administration crew time 
and ISS resources, including the allocation of such resources 
toward the priorities described in subsection (a).
H. R. 4346—375 
SEC. 10817. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO ARTEMIS MIS-
SIONS. 
(a) Section 421 of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 
20301 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(3)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis I’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis II’’; 
and 
(C) by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis III’’; 
and 
(2) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis III’’. 
(b) Section 432(b) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 
U.S.C. 20302 note) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3)(D)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘EM–1’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis I’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘EM–2’’ and inserting ‘‘Artemis II’’; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ‘‘EM–3’’ and inserting 
‘‘Artemis III’’. 
Subtitle B—Science 
SEC. 10821. SCIENCE PRIORITIES. 
(a) SENSE
OF CONGRESS
ON SCIENCE PORTFOLIO.—It is the 
sense of Congress that— 
(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of activities, 
consisting of research and analysis grant programs, technology 
development, suborbital research activities, and small, medium, 
and large space missions, contributes to a robust and productive 
science program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and 
discovery; and 
(2) the Research and Analysis programs funded by the 
Science Mission Directorate are critically important for— 
(A) preparing the next generation of space and Earth 
scientists; 
(B) pursuing peer-reviewed cutting-edge research; 
(C) maximizing scientific return from the Administra-
tion’s space and Earth science missions; and 
(D) developing innovative techniques and future mis-
sion concepts. 
(b) GOAL.—The Administrator shall pursue the goal of estab-
lishing annual funding for Research and Analysis in the Science 
Mission Directorate that reaches a level of not less than 10 percent 
of the total annual funding of relevant divisions of the Science 
Mission Directorate by fiscal year 2025. 
SEC. 10822. SEARCH FOR LIFE. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the report entitled ‘‘An Astrobiology Strategy for the 
Search for Life in the Universe’’ published by the National 
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine outlines key 
scientific questions and methods on the search for the origin, 
evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe; and
H. R. 4346—376 
(2) the interaction of lifeforms with their environment, 
a central focus of astrobiology research, is a topic of broad 
significance to life sciences research in space and on Earth. 
(b) PROGRAM CONTINUATION.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall continue to 
implement a collaborative, multidisciplinary science and tech-
nology development program to search for evidence of the exist-
ence or historical existence of life beyond Earth in support 
of— 
(A) the scientific priorities of the most recent decadal 
surveys on planetary science and astrobiology and 
astronomy and astrophysics of the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and 
(B) the objective described in section 20102(d)(10) of 
title 51, United States Code. 
(2) ELEMENT.—The program under paragraph (1) shall 
include activities relating to astronomy, biology, geology, and 
planetary science. 
(3) COORDINATION WITH LIFE SCIENCES PROGRAM.—In car-
rying out the program under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
shall coordinate efforts with the life sciences program of the 
Administration. 
(4) INSTRUMENTATION AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY.—In car-
rying out the program under paragraph (1), the Administrator 
may invest in the development of new instrumentation and 
sensor technology. 
(5) TECHNOSIGNATURES.—In carrying out the program 
under paragraph (1), the Administrator may support, as appro-
priate, merit-reviewed, competitively selected research on 
technosignatures. 
SEC. 10823. NEXT GENERATION OF ASTROPHYSICS GREAT OBSERV-
ATORIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) NASA’s Great Observatories, a suite of space-based 
telescopes launched over the course of 2 decades and comprised 
of the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ-
atory, Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and Spitzer Space Tele-
scope, have enabled major scientific advances across a broad 
range of astrophysics disciplines, including with respect to the 
origins of planets, the formation and evolution of stars and 
galaxies, fundamental physics, and the structure of the uni-
verse; 
(2) the decadal survey of the National Academies of Science, 
Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Pathways to Discovery 
in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s’’ recommends 
a vision to understand the relationships between stars and 
the bodies that orbit them by ‘‘looking’’ at the universe through 
a range of observations, including radio, optical, gamma rays, 
neutrinos, and gravitational waves, in order to understand 
the origin and evolution of galaxies; 
(3) the United States and NASA are uniquely poised— 
(A) to lead the world in the implementation of the 
next generation of Great Observatories, as recommended 
in such decadal survey, including implementation of an 
observatory to search for biosignatures of exoplanets in 
the habitable zone;
H. R. 4346—377 
(B) to address the most compelling scientific questions 
of the next decade; and 
(C) to transform not only our understanding of the 
universe and the processes and physical paradigms that 
govern the universe, but also the place of humanity in 
the universe; 
(4) the Administrator should pursue an ambitious astro-
physics program that meets the scientific vision of the astro-
nomical community and the transformative capacity of techno-
logical innovation; and 
(5) in implementing astrophysics research, in order to avoid 
the major growth in the cost of astrophysics flagship-class 
missions that has the potential to impact the overall portfolio 
balance of the Science Mission Directorate, the Administrator 
should seek to implement lessons learned from previous astro-
physics missions, including by— 
(A) establishing sufficient cost and schedule reserves; 
(B) demonstrating in advance of preliminary design 
review, as practicable and appropriate, the maturity of 
necessary technologies through prototype demonstrations 
in a relevant environment; 
(C) providing for regular updates to the cost, schedule, 
and risk of a project; and 
(D) considering, as feasible, the impacts of cost and 
schedule changes across the Science Mission Directorate. 
(b) NANCY GRACE ROMAN TELESCOPE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall continue develop-
ment of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (commonly 
known as the ‘‘Roman telescope’’ and formerly known as the 
‘‘Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope’’) in the configuration 
established through critical design review, to meet the objec-
tives prioritized in the 2010 decadal survey of astronomy and 
astrophysics 
of 
the 
National 
Academies 
of 
Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine. 
(2) COST AND SCHEDULE.—Section 30104 of title 51, United 
States Code shall apply to the development of the Roman 
telescope under paragraph (1). 
(3) QUARTERLY REPORTS.—Not less frequently than quar-
terly, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the progress of the develop-
ment of the Roman telescope and the budget profile and 
schedule relative to the baseline plan for such development. 
SEC. 10824. EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the Earth science and applications program of the 
Administration provides increasingly valuable data for natural 
resource management, agriculture, forestry, food security, air 
quality monitoring, and many other application areas; and 
(2) a robust and balanced Earth science and applications 
program contributes significantly to— 
(A) the scientific discovery and economic growth of 
the United States; and 
(B) supporting the health and safety of the people 
of the United States and the citizens of the world. 
(b) REAFFIRMATION.—Congress reaffirms the goal for the 
Administration’s Earth science and applications program set forth
H. R. 4346—378 
in section 60501 of title 51, United States Code, which states: 
‘‘The goal for the Administration’s Earth Science program shall 
be to pursue a program of Earth observations, research, and applica-
tions activities to better understand the Earth, how it supports 
life, and how human activities affect its ability to do so in the 
future. In pursuit of this goal, the Administration’s Earth Science 
program shall ensure that securing practical benefits for society 
will be an important measure of its success in addition to securing 
new knowledge about the Earth system and climate change. In 
further pursuit of this goal, the Administration shall, together 
with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and 
other relevant agencies, provide United States leadership in devel-
oping and carrying out a cooperative international Earth observa-
tions-based research program.’’. 
(c) EARTH SCIENCE MISSIONS AND PROGRAMS.—With respect 
to the missions and programs of the Earth Science Division, the 
Administrator shall, to the maximum extent practicable, follow 
the recommendations and guidance provided by the scientific 
community through the decadal survey for Earth science and 
applications from space of the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine, including— 
(1) the science priorities described in such survey; 
(2) the execution of the series of existing or previously 
planned observations (commonly known as the ‘‘program of 
record’’); and 
(3) the development of a range of missions of all classes, 
including opportunities for principal investigator-led, competi-
tively selected missions. 
(d) EARTH SYSTEM OBSERVATORY.—The Administrator shall 
pursue an Earth System Observatory, which shall consist of an 
array of new and complementary Earth-observing scientific sat-
ellites, instruments, and missions— 
(1) to address the recommendations of the 2018 Earth 
science and applications decadal survey of the National Acad-
emies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Thriving 
on our Changing Planet’’, including by conducting priority 
observations in— 
(A) aerosols; 
(B) cloud convection and precipitation; 
(C) mass change; 
(D) surface biology and geology; 
(E) surface deformation and change; and 
(F) other observation areas designated as high-priority 
by such decadal survey; and 
(2) to achieve the goal of the Earth Science Program set 
forth in section 60501 of title 51, United States Code. 
(e) SURVEY OF USE OF EARTH OBSERVATION DATA BY STATES, 
TRIBES, AND TERRITORIES.— 
(1) SURVEY.—The Administrator shall arrange for the con-
duct of a survey of the use of NASA Earth observation data 
by States, Tribal organizations, and territories. 
(2) SUBMISSION.—Not later than 18 months after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress the results of the 
survey conducted under paragraph (1). 
(f) CLIMATE ARCHITECTURE PLAN.—The Administrator shall—
H. R. 4346—379 
(1) maintain a comprehensive, strategic Climate Architec-
ture Plan for Earth Observations and Applications from Space 
that describes an integrated and balanced program of Earth 
science and applications observations to advance science, policy, 
and applications and societal benefits; and 
(2) update such plan every 5 years so as to align with 
the release of the decadal surveys in Earth science and applica-
tions from space and the mid-decade assessments of the 
National Academics of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 
SEC. 10825. PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDINATION OFFICE. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) Near-Earth objects remain a threat to the United States. 
(2) Section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109– 
155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.), established 
a requirement that the Administrator plan, develop, and imple-
ment a Near-Earth Object Survey program to detect, track, 
catalogue, and characterize the physical characteristics of near- 
Earth objects equal to, or greater than, 140 meters in diameter 
in order to assess the threat of such near-Earth objects to 
the Earth, with the goal of 90 percent completion of the cata-
logue of such near-Earth objects by December 30, 2020. 
(3) The goal described in paragraph (2) has not be met. 
(4) The report of the National Academies of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine entitled ‘‘Finding Hazardous 
Asteroids Using Infrared and Visible Wavelength Telescopes’’, 
issued in 2019, states that— 
(A) NASA should develop and launch a dedicated space- 
based infrared survey telescope to meet the requirements 
of section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109– 
155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.); and 
(B) the early detection of potentially hazardous near- 
Earth objects enabled by a space-based infrared survey 
telescope is important to enable deflection of a dangerous 
asteroid. 
(b) MAINTENANCE
OF
PLANETARY
DEFENSE
COORDINATION 
OFFICE.—The Administrator shall maintain an office within the 
Planetary Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate, to 
be known as the ‘‘Planetary Defense Coordination Office’’— 
(1) to plan, develop, and implement a program to survey 
threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to or greater than 
140 meters in diameter, as required by section 321(d)(1) of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authoriza-
tion Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 
U.S.C. 71101 note prec.); 
(2) identify, track, and characterize potentially hazardous 
near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the effects of potential 
impacts of such objects, and investigate strategies and tech-
nologies for mitigating the potential impacts of such objects; 
and 
(3) assist in coordinating government planning for response 
to a potential impact of a near-Earth object. 
(c) DEDICATED SURVEY MISSION.— 
(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that—
H. R. 4346—380 
(A) the Near-Earth Object Surveyor mission, as 
designed, is anticipated to make significant progress toward 
carrying out congressional policy and direction, as set forth 
in section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109– 
155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.), to detect 
90 percent of near-Earth objects equal to, or greater than, 
140 meters in diameter; and 
(B) the Administrator should prioritize the public 
safety role of the Near-Earth Object Surveyor mission and 
should not delay the development and launch of the mission 
due to cost growth on other planetary science missions. 
(2) CONTINUATION OF MISSION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall continue the 
development of a dedicated space-based infrared survey 
telescope mission, known as the ‘‘Near-Earth Object Sur-
veyor’’, on a schedule to achieve a launch-readiness date 
not later than March 30, 2026, or the earliest practicable 
date, for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives set 
forth in section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public 
Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.). 
(B) 
CONSIDERATION
OF
RECOMMENDATIONS.—The 
design of the mission described in subparagraph (A) shall 
take into account the recommendations of the 2019 report 
of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine entitled ‘‘Finding Hazardous Asteroids Using 
Infrared and Visible Wavelength Telescopes’’, the planetary 
science decadal survey, and the 2018 United States 
National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and 
Action Plan. 
(d) ANNUAL REPORT.—Section 321(f) of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 
109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion Authorization Act of 2022 and annually thereafter through 
90-percent completion of the catalogue required by subsection (d)(1), 
the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
a report that includes the following: 
‘‘(1) A summary of all activities carried out by the Planetary 
Defense Coordination Office established under section 10825 
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2022 since the date of enactment of that 
Act. 
‘‘(2) A description of the progress with respect to the design, 
development, and launch of the space-based infrared survey 
telescope required by section 10825(c) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022. 
‘‘(3) An assessment of the progress toward meeting the 
requirements under subsection (d)(1). 
‘‘(4) A description of the status of efforts to coordinate 
and cooperate with other countries to detect hazardous
H. R. 4346—381 
asteroids and comets, plan a mitigation strategy, and imple-
ment that strategy in the event of the discovery of an object 
on a likely collision course with Earth. 
‘‘(5) A summary of expenditures for all activities carried 
out by the Planetary Defense Coordination Office since the 
date of enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration Authorization Act of 2022’’. 
(e) NEAR-EARTH OBJECT DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘near-Earth object’’ has the meaning given the term in section 
321(c) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Authorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 
51 U.S.C. 71101 note prec.). 
Subtitle C—Aeronautics 
SEC. 10831. EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT PROJECTS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) developing high-risk, precompetitive aerospace tech-
nologies for which there is not yet a profit rationale is a 
fundamental role of the Administration; 
(2) large-scale flight test experimentation and validation 
are necessary for— 
(A) transitioning new technologies and materials, 
including associated manufacturing processes, for aviation 
and aeronautics use; and 
(B) capturing the full extent of benefits from invest-
ments made by the Aeronautics Research Mission Direc-
torate; and 
(3) a level of funding that adequately supports large-scale 
flight test experimentation and validation, including related 
infrastructure, should be ensured over a sustained period of 
time to restore the capacity of the Administration— 
(A) to see legacy priority programs through to comple-
tion; and 
(B) to achieve national economic and security objec-
tives. 
(b) STATEMENT
OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the United 
States— 
(1) to maintain world leadership in— 
(A) civilian aeronautical science and technology; and 
(B) aerospace industrialization; and 
(2) to maintain as a fundamental objective of the aero-
nautics research of the Administration the steady progression 
and expansion of flight research and capabilities, including 
the science and technology of critical underlying disciplines 
and competencies, such as— 
(A) computational-based analytical and predictive tools 
and methodologies; 
(B) aerothermodynamics; 
(C) propulsion; 
(D) advanced materials and manufacturing processes; 
(E) high-temperature structures and materials; and 
(F) guidance, navigation, and flight controls. 
(c) EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT FLIGHT DEMONSTRATIONS.—
H. R. 4346—382 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In meeting the objectives described in 
subsection (b), the Administrator shall carry out experimental 
aircraft demonstrations, including— 
(A) a subsonic demonstrator to demonstrate the 
performance and feasibility of advanced, ultra-efficient, and 
low emissions subsonic flight demonstrator configurations; 
(B) a low boom flight demonstrator to validate design 
tools and technologies that can be applied to low sonic 
boom commercial supersonic aircraft and support the 
development of a noise-based standard for supersonic over-
land flight; and 
(C) a flight research demonstrator to test the perform-
ance and feasibility of advanced, ultra-efficient and net- 
zero emissions aircraft concepts and configurations. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—For each demonstration under paragraph 
(1), the Administrator shall— 
(A) include the development of experimental aircraft 
and all necessary supporting flight test assets; 
(B) pursue a robust technology maturation and flight 
test validation effort; 
(C) improve necessary facilities, flight testing capabili-
ties, and computational tools to support the demonstration; 
(D) award any primary contracts for design, procure-
ment, and manufacturing to United States persons, con-
sistent with international obligations and commitments; 
and 
(E) coordinate research and flight test demonstration 
activities with other Federal agencies and the United 
States aviation community, as the Administrator considers 
appropriate. 
(3) UNITED STATES PERSON DEFINED.—In this subsection, 
the term ‘‘United States person’’ means— 
(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
admitted for permanent residence to the United States; 
or 
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United 
States or of any jurisdiction within the United States, 
including a foreign branch of such an entity. 
(d) COLLABORATION
WITH
INDUSTRY
AND
ACADEMIA.—The 
Administration shall seek means to expand collaboration with 
industry and academia on basic research and technology develop-
ment related to experimental aircraft, and on the experimental 
aircraft demonstrations required by subsection (c). 
(e) ADVANCED MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 
PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator may establish an 
advanced materials and manufacturing technology program— 
(A) to develop— 
(i) new materials, including composite and high- 
temperature materials, from base material formulation 
through full-scale structural validation and manufac-
ture; 
(ii) advanced materials and manufacturing proc-
esses, including additive manufacturing, to reduce the 
cost of manufacturing scale-up and certification for 
use in aeronautics; and