I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2504 
To require the Secretary of State to develop a strategy to strengthen United 
States-European nuclear energy cooperation and combat Russian malign 
influence in the nuclear energy sector in Europe. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 31, 2025 
Mr. KEATING (for himself, Mr. FOSTER, and Mr. HUIZENGA) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
A BILL 
To require the Secretary of State to develop a strategy 
to strengthen United States-European nuclear energy co-
operation and combat Russian malign influence in the 
nuclear energy sector in Europe. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘The U.S.-European 
Nuclear Energy Cooperation Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federa-
tion initiated a full-scale invasion of Ukraine which 
has severely threatened energy security in the 
United States, Europe, and around the world. 
(2) The security of Ukraine’s energy grid has 
been vital to Ukraine’s success in its defense of its 
territory and ensuring the Ukrainian government 
can effectively provide goods and services to Ukrain-
ian citizens. 
(3) Ukraine has operated four nuclear power 
plants with 15 reactors, primarily Russian-designed 
water-water energetic reactor (VVER) reactors. 
(4) Russia, in its war of aggression against 
Ukraine, has systematically targeted Ukraine’s en-
ergy infrastructure through heavy shelling and tar-
geted attacks, particularly in the winter months 
when innocent Ukrainian civilians are most vulner-
able. 
(5) Since March 2022, Russian forces have ille-
gally occupied the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Sta-
tion, the largest nuclear power plant in Europe, and 
Russian forces have surrounded the station with 
landmines, further threatening regional security. 
(6) Russian-designed VVER reactors have been 
built across Europe, including in Belarus, Bulgaria, 
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the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, 
Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine. 
(7) Russia uses its nuclear power plant designs 
and fuel services to spread malign influence and 
threaten United States and European energy secu-
rity. 
(8) As of 2021, Russia owned about 20 percent 
of the total uranium conversion infrastructure world-
wide and in 2020, had the largest uranium enrich-
ment capacity at close to 46 percent. 
SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) in countries seeking or developing a nuclear 
power industry, the Department of State should 
prioritize the utilization of products and services 
from the United States, and then prioritize products 
and services from Europe and other allied or partner 
countries, including Canada, Japan, the United 
Kingdom, and the Republic of Korea when not di-
rectly competing with the United States; 
(2) the United States and its allies must focus 
on cooperation, including capacity building and 
early-stage project support, to expand the nuclear 
industry in Europe in a way that maintains non-
proliferation, security, and safety standards and 
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