(2) These public lands constitute a valuable na-
tional biological and educational resource since birds
of prey are important components of the ecosystem
and indicators of environmental quality, and contrib-
ute significantly to the quality of wildlife and human
communities.
(3) These public lands also contain important
historic and cultural resources (including significant
archaeological resources) as well as other resources
and values, all of which should be protected and ap-
propriately managed.
(4) A military training area within the Snake
River Birds of Prey Area, known as the Orchard
Training Area, has been used since 1953 by reserve
components of the Armed Forces. Military use of
this area is currently governed by a Memorandum of
Understanding between the Bureau of Land Man-
agement and the State of Idaho Military Division,
dated May 1985. Operating under this Memoran-
dum of Understanding, the Idaho National Guard
has provided valuable assistance to the Bureau of
Land Management with respect to fire control and
other aspects of management of the Orchard Train-
ing Area and the other lands in the Snake River
Birds of Prey Area. Military use of the lands within
the Orchard Training Area should continue in ac-
cordance with such Memorandum of Understanding
(or extension or renewal thereof), to the extent con-
sistent with section 4(e) of this Act, because this
would be in the best interest of training of the re-
serve components (an important aspect of national
security) and of the local economy.
(5) Protection of the conservation area as a
home for raptors can best and should be accom-
plished by the Secretary of the Interior, acting
through the Bureau of Land Management, under a
management plan that—
(A) emphasizes management, protection,
and rehabilitation of habitat for these raptors
and of other resources and values of the area;
(B) provides for continued military use,
consistent with the requirements of section 4(e)
of this Act, of the Orchard Training Area by re-
serve components of the Armed Forces;
(C) addresses the need for public edu-
cational and interpretive opportunities;
(D) allows for diverse appropriate uses of
lands in the area to the extent consistent with
the maintenance and enhancement of raptor
populations and habitats and protection and
sound management of other resources and val-
ues of the area; and
(E) demonstrates management practices
and techniques that may be useful to other
areas of the public lands and elsewhere.
(6) There exists near the conservation area a
facility, the World Center for Birds of Prey operated
by The Peregrine Fund, Inc., where research, public
education, recovery, and reestablishment operations
exist for endangered raptor species. There also exists
at Boise State University a raptor study program
which attracts national and international graduate
and undergraduate students.
(7) The Bureau of Land Management and
Boise State University, together with other State,
Federal, and private entities, have formed the
Raptor Research and Technical Assistance Center to
be housed at Boise State University, which provides
a unique adjunct to the conservation area for raptor
management, recovery, research, and public visita-
tion, interpretation, and education.
(8) Consistent with requirements of sections
202 and 302 of the Federal Land Policy and Man-
agement Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1712 and 1732),
the Secretary has developed a comprehensive man-
agement plan and, based on such plan, has imple-
mented a management program for the public lands
included in the conservation area established by this
Act.
(9) Additional authority and guidance must be
provided to assure that essential raptor habitat re-
mains in public ownership, to facilitate sound and
effective planning and management, to provide for
effective public interpretation and education, to en-
sure continued study of the relationship of humans
and these raptors, to preserve the unique and irre-
placeable habitat of the conservation area, and to
conserve and properly manage the other natural re-
sources of the area in concert with maintenance of
this habitat.
(10) An ongoing research program funded by
the Bureau of Land Management and the National
Guard is intended to provide information to be used
in connection with future decisionmaking concerning
management of all uses, including continued military
use, of public lands within the Snake River Birds of
Prey Area.
(11) Public lands in the Snake River Birds of
Prey Area have been used for domestic livestock
grazing for more than a century, with resultant ben-
efits to community stability and contributions to the
local and State economies. It has not been dem-
onstrated that continuation of this use would be in-
compatible with appropriate protection and sound
management of raptor habitat and the other re-
source values of these lands; therefore, subject to the
determination provided for in section 4(f), it is ex-
pected that such grazing will continue in accordance
with applicable regulations of the Secretary and the
management plan for the conservation area.
(12) Hydroelectric facilities for the generation
and transmission of electricity exist within the
Snake River Birds of Prey Area pursuant to a
license(s) issued by the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, or its predecessor, the Federal Power
Commission.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
As used in this Act:
(1) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary
of the Interior.
(2) The term ‘‘conservation area’’ means the
Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation
Area established by section 3.
(3) The term ‘‘raptor’’ or ‘‘raptors’’ means indi-
viduals or populations of eagles, falcons, owls,
hawks, and other birds of prey.
(4) The term ‘‘raptor habitat’’ includes the
habitat of the raptor prey base as well as the nesting
and hunting habitat of raptors within the conserva-
tion area.
(5) The term ‘‘Memorandum of Understand-
ing’’ means the Memorandum of Understanding
#ID–237, dated May 1985, between the State of
Idaho Military Division and the Bureau of Land
Management.
(6) The term ‘‘Orchard Training Area’’ means
that area generally so depicted on the map referred
to in section 3(b), and as described in the Memoran-
dum of Understanding as well as the air space over
the same.
(7) The term ‘‘Impact Area’’ means that area
which was used for the firing of live artillery projec-
tiles and is used for live fire ranges of all types and,
therefore, poses a danger to public safety and which
is generally so depicted on the map referred to in
section 3(b).
(8) The term ‘‘Artillery Impact Area’’ means
that area within the Impact Area into which live