‘‘(10) If the person is a citizen of the United 
States, an indication of that citizenship, except that 
no other information may be included with respect to 
the immigration status of the person.’’. 
(2) APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made by 
this subsection shall be effective January 1, 2026, and 
shall apply with respect to any driver’s license or 
identification card issued by a State on and after 
such date. 
(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this section 
or in any amendment made by this section may be con-
strued to establish or mandate the use of a national identi-
fication card or to authorize any office of the executive 
branch to establish or mandate the use of a national identi-
fication card. 
SEC. 125. MANDATORY PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION FOR 
CERTAIN VOTERS NOT VOTING IN PERSON. 
(a) REQUIRING VOTERS
TO PROVIDE IDENTIFICA-
TION.—Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as sec-
tions 305 and 306; and 
(2) by inserting after section 303 the following 
new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 304. MANDATORY PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION 
FOR CERTAIN VOTERS WHO VOTE BY MAIL. 
‘‘(a) FINDING OF CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY.—Con-
gress finds that it has the authority to establish the terms 
and conditions that States must follow with respect to the 
administration of voting by mail because article I, section 
8, clause 7 of the Constitution of the United States and 
other enumerated powers grant Congress the power to regu-
late the operations of the United States Postal Service. 
‘‘(b) REQUIRING PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION TO 
RECEIVE A BALLOT OR VOTE IN CERTAIN CASES.— 
‘‘(1) INDIVIDUALS
REQUESTING
A
BALLOT
TO 
VOTE BY MAIL.—Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, the appropriate State or local election official 
may not provide an individual a ballot to vote by 
mail for an election for Federal office in a case in 
which the individual requested such ballot other than 
in person from the appropriate State or local election 
official of the State at a State-designated elections of-
fice unless the individual submits with the applica-
tion for the ballot a copy of an identification de-
scribed in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(2) INDIVIDUALS VOTING BY MAIL IN CERTAIN 
CASES.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, in a case in which the 
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appropriate State or local election official pro-
vides an individual a ballot to vote by mail for 
an election for Federal office without requiring 
such individual to submit a separate application 
or request to receive such ballot for each such 
election, the election official may not accept the 
voted ballot unless the individual submits with 
the voted ballot a copy of an identification de-
scribed in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(B) FAIL-SAFE
VOTING.—An individual 
who desires to vote other than in person but who 
does not meet the requirements of subparagraph 
(A) may cast such a ballot other than in person 
and the ballot shall be counted as a provisional 
ballot in accordance with section 302(a). 
‘‘(3) IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIBED.—An identi-
fication described in this paragraph is, with respect 
to an individual— 
‘‘(A) a current and valid photo identifica-
tion of the individual; 
‘‘(B) a copy of a current utility bill, bank 
statement, government check, paycheck, or other 
government document that shows the name and 
address of the individual; 
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‘‘(C) a valid driver’s license or an identi-
fication card issued by a State or the identifica-
tion number for such driver’s license or identi-
fication card issued by a State; 
‘‘(D) the last 4 digits of the individual’s so-
cial security number; or 
‘‘(E) such other documentation issued by the 
Federal Government or by a State, local, or 
Tribal government that provides the same or 
more identifying information as required by sub-
paragraphs (A) through (D) such that the elec-
tion official is reasonably certain as to the iden-
tity of the individual. 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not apply with 
respect to any individual who is— 
‘‘(1) entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the 
Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act 
(52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.); 
‘‘(2) provided the right to vote otherwise than in 
person under section 3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Voting Ac-
cessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 
U.S.C. 20102(b)(2)(B)(ii)); or 
‘‘(3) entitled to vote otherwise than in person 
under any other Federal law. 
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‘‘(d) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion may be construed— 
‘‘(1) as prohibiting a State from imposing iden-
tification requirements to request a ballot to vote by 
mail or cast a vote by mail that are more stringent 
than the requirements under this section; or 
‘‘(2) as affecting the authority of a State to re-
quire notarization or witness signature or other for-
mal authentication as a condition of obtaining or 
casting an absentee ballot. 
‘‘(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take effect 
on January 1, 2025.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO EXIST-
ING IDENTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.— 
(1) TREATMENT AS INDIVIDUALS REGISTERING 
TO
VOTE
BY
MAIL
FOR
PURPOSES
OF
FIRST-TIME 
VOTER
IDENTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
303(b)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking 
‘‘by mail’’ and inserting ‘‘by mail or otherwise not in 
person at an elections office or voter registration 
agency of the State’’. 
(2) EXCEPTIONS.—Section 303(b)(3) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(3)) is 
amended— 
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(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘by 
mail under section 6 of the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-4)’’ and 
inserting ‘‘by mail under section 6 of the Na-
tional Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20505) or otherwise not in person at a voter reg-
istration agency of the State’’; and 
(B) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking ‘‘by 
mail under section 6 of the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 1973gg-4)’’ and 
inserting ‘‘by mail under section 6 of the Na-
tional Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20505) or otherwise not in person at a voter reg-
istration agency of the State’’. 
(3) EXPANSION
OF
TYPES
OF
IDENTIFICATION 
PERMITTED.—Section 303(b)(2)(A) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(2)(A)) is 
amended— 
(A) in clause (i)— 
(i) in subclause (I), by striking ‘‘or’’ at 
the end; and 
(ii) by adding at the end the following 
new subclause: 
‘‘(III) such other documentation 
issued by a Federal, State, or local 
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(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of 
such Act is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 304 and 305 as relating to sections 305 and 
306; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 
303 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 304. Mandatory provision of identification for certain voters who vote by 
mail.’’. 
SEC. 126. CONFIRMING ACCESS FOR CONGRESSIONAL 
ELECTION OBSERVERS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Confirmation of Congressional Observer Access Act of 
2023’’ or the ‘‘COCOA Act of 2023’’. 
(b) FINDINGS RELATING TO CONGRESSIONAL ELEC-
TION OBSERVERS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) The Constitution delegates to each House of 
the Congress the authority to ‘‘be the Judge of the 
Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own 
Members’’. 
(2) While, in general, Congress shall respect the 
determination of State authorities with respect to the 
election of members to each House, each House of 
Congress serves as the final arbiter over any contest 
to the seating of any putative Member-elect or Sen-
ator-elect. 
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(3) These election contest procedures are con-
tained in the precedents of each House of Congress. 
Further, for the House of Representatives the proce-
dures exist under the Federal Contested Elections Act. 
(4) In the post-Civil War modern era, more than 
100 election contests have been filed with the House 
of Representatives. 
(5) For decades, Congress has appointed and 
sent out official congressional observers to watch the 
administration of congressional elections in the States 
and territories. 
(6) These observers serve to permit Congress to 
develop its own factual record in preparation for 
eventual contests and for other reasons. 
(7) This section and the amendments made by 
this section do not establish any new authorities or 
procedures but are provided simply to permit a con-
venient statutory reference for existing congressional 
authority and activity. 
(c) CONFIRMING REQUIREMENT THAT STATES PRO-
VIDE ACCESS.—Title III of the Help America Vote Act of 
2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended by section 
125(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as sec-
tions 306 and 307; and 
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(2) by inserting after section 304 the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 305. CONFIRMING ACCESS FOR CONGRESSIONAL 
ELECTION OBSERVERS. 
‘‘(a) FINDING OF CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY.—Con-
gress finds that it has the authority to require that States 
allow access to designated congressional election observers 
to observe the election administration procedures in an elec-
tion for Federal office because the authority granted to Con-
gress under article I, section 5 of the Constitution of the 
United States gives each House of Congress the power to 
be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of 
its own Members. 
‘‘(b) REQUIRING STATES TO PROVIDE ACCESS.—A 
State shall provide each individual who is a designated con-
gressional election observer for an election with full access 
to clearly observe all of the elements of the administration 
procedures with respect to such election, including but not 
limited to in all areas of polling places and other facilities 
where ballots in the election are processed, tabulated, cast, 
canvassed, and certified, in all areas where voter registra-
tion activities occur before such election, and in any other 
such place where election administration procedures to pre-
pare for the election or carry out any post-election recounts 
take place. No designated Congressional election observer 
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may handle ballots, elections equipment (voting or non vot-
ing), advocate for a position or candidate, take any action 
to reduce ballot secrecy or otherwise violate the privacy of 
a voter, or otherwise interfere with the elections administra-
tion process. 
‘‘(c) DESIGNATED CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OB-
SERVER DESCRIBED.—In this section, a ‘designated con-
gressional election observer’ is an individual who is des-
ignated in writing by the chair or ranking minority mem-
ber of the Committee on House Administration of the House 
of Representatives or the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate, or the successor committee in either 
House of Congress to gather information with respect to an 
election, including in the event that the election is contested 
in the House of Representatives or the Senate and for other 
purposes permitted by article 1, section 5 of the Constitu-
tion of the United States.’’. 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING
TO EN-
FORCEMENT.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111), 
as amended by section 125(c), is amended by striking ‘‘and 
304’’ and inserting ‘‘304, and 305’’. 
(e) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of contents of 
such Act, as amended by section 125(d), is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 
307; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to section 
304 the following: 
‘‘Sec. 305. Confirming access for congressional election observers.’’. 
SEC. 127. USE OF REQUIREMENTS PAYMENTS FOR POST- 
ELECTION AUDITS. 
(a) PERMITTING USE OF PAYMENTS FOR AUDITS.— 
Section 251(b)(1) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 21001(b)(1)) is amended by inserting ‘‘, including 
to conduct and publish an audit of the effectiveness and 
accuracy of the voting systems, nonvoting election tech-
nology (as defined in section 298C), election procedures, 
and outcomes used to carry out an election for Federal office 
in the State and the performance of the State and local 
election officials who carried out the election, but only if 
the audit meets the requirements of paragraph (4)’’ after 
‘‘requirements of title III’’. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR AUDITS.—Section 251(b) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21001(b)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
AUDITS
CONDUCTED 
WITH
REQUIREMENTS
PAYMENTS.—An audit de-
scribed in paragraph (1) meets the requirements of 
this paragraph if— 
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‘‘(A) no individual who participates in con-
ducting the audit is an employee or contractor of 
an office of the State or local government which 
is responsible for the administration of elections 
for Federal office or of a subsidiary or affiliate 
of such an office; and 
‘‘(B) the audit includes an examination of 
compliance with established processes for voter 
registration, voter check-in, voting, tabulation, 
canvassing, post-election proceedings (such as re-
counts and recanvasses), and reporting of re-
sults.’’. 
(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING TIMING OF AU-
DITS.—It is the sense of Congress that post-election audits 
of the effectiveness and accuracy of the voting systems, elec-
tion procedures, and outcomes used to carry out an election 
for Federal office in a State and the performance of the 
State and local election officials who carried out the election 
are most effective when the audits are completed before the 
expiration of the period during which persons are author-
ized under State law to challenge the results of the election. 
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SEC. 128. INCREASE IN THRESHOLD FOR REQUIRING IN-
FORMATION REPORTING WITH RESPECT TO 
CERTAIN PAYEES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Sections 6041(a) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘$600’’ and 
inserting ‘‘$5,000’’. 
(b) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—Section 6041 of such 
Code is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(h) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.—In the case of any cal-
endar year after 2024, the dollar amount in subsection (a) 
shall be increased by an amount equal to— 
‘‘(1) such dollar amount, multiplied by 
‘‘(2) the cost-of-living adjustment determined 
under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year, deter-
mined by substituting ‘calendar year 2023’ for ‘cal-
endar year 2016’ in subparagraph (A)(ii) thereof. 
If any increase under the preceding sentence is not a mul-
tiple of $100, such increase shall be rounded to the nearest 
multiple of $100.’’. 
(c) APPLICATION TO REPORTING ON REMUNERATION 
FOR SERVICES AND DIRECT SALES.—Section 6041A of such 
Code is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ‘‘is $600 or 
more’’ and inserting ‘‘equals or exceeds the dollar 
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amount in effect for such calendar year under section 
6041(a)’’, and 
(2) in subsection (b)(1)(B), by striking ‘‘is 
$5,000 or more’’ and inserting ‘‘equals or exceeds the 
dollar amount in effect for such calendar year under 
section 6041(a)’’. 
(d) APPLICATION TO BACKUP WITHHOLDING.—Sec-
tion 3406(b)(6) of such Code is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘$600’’ in subparagraph (A) and 
inserting ‘‘the dollar amount in effect for such cal-
endar year under section 6041(a)’’, and 
(2) by striking ‘‘ONLY WHERE AGGREGATE FOR 
CALENDAR YEAR IS $600 OR MORE’’ in the heading 
and inserting ‘‘ONLY IF IN EXCESS OF THRESHOLD’’. 
(e) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) The heading of section 6041(a) of such Code 
is amended by striking ‘‘OF $600 OR MORE’’ and in-
serting ‘‘EXCEEDING THRESHOLD’’. 
(2) Section 6041(a) of such Code is amended by 
striking ‘‘taxable year’’ and inserting ‘‘calendar 
year’’. 
(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this 
section shall apply with respect to payments made after De-
cember 31, 2023. 
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SEC. 129. VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES WITH RESPECT TO NON-
VOTING ELECTION TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Protect American Voters Act’’. 
(b) ADOPTION OF VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES BY ELEC-
TION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION.— 
(1) ADOPTION OF GUIDELINES.—Title II of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20921 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subtitle: 
‘‘Subtitle E—Voluntary Guidelines 
for Use of Nonvoting Election 
Technology 
‘‘SEC. 298. ADOPTION OF VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES BY COM-
MISSION. 
‘‘(a) ADOPTION.—The Commission shall adopt vol-
untary guidelines for election officials on the use of non-
voting election technology, taking into account the rec-
ommendations of the Standards Board and the Local Lead-
ership Council of the Commission under section 298A. 
‘‘(b) REVIEW.—The Commission shall review the 
guidelines adopted under this subtitle not less frequently 
than once every 4 years, and may adopt revisions to the 
guidelines as it considers appropriate. 
‘‘(c) PROCESS FOR ADOPTION.—The adoption of the 
voluntary guidelines under this subtitle shall be carried out 
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by the Commission in a manner that provides for each of 
the following: 
‘‘(1) Publication of notice of the proposed guide-
lines in the Federal Register. 
‘‘(2) An opportunity for public comment on the 
proposed guidelines. 
‘‘(3) An opportunity for a public hearing on the 
record. 
‘‘(4) Publication of the final recommendations in 
the Federal Register. 
‘‘(d) DEADLINE FOR INITIAL SET OF GUIDELINES.— 
The Commission shall adopt the initial set of voluntary 
guidelines under this section not later than December 31, 
2025. 
‘‘SEC. 298A. ROLE OF STANDARDS BOARD AND LOCAL LEAD-
ERSHIP COUNCIL. 
‘‘(a) DUTIES.—The Standards Board and the Local 
Leadership Council of the Commission shall assist the Com-
mission in the adoption of voluntary guidelines under sec-
tion 298, including by providing the Commission with rec-
ommendations on appropriate standards for the use of non-
voting election technology, including standards to ensure 
the security and accuracy, and promote the usability, of 
such technology, and by conducting a review of existing 
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State programs with respect to the testing of nonvoting elec-
tion technology. 
‘‘(b) SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) CERTAIN MEMBERS OF TECHNICAL GUIDE-
LINES
DEVELOPMENT
COMMITTEE.—The following 
members of the Technical Guidelines Development 
Committee under section 221 shall assist the Stand-
ards Board and the Local Leadership Council in car-
rying out their duties under this section: 
‘‘(A) The Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology. 
‘‘(B) The representative of the American 
National Standards Institute. 
‘‘(C) The representative of the Institute of 
Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 
‘‘(D) The 4 members of the Technical 
Guidelines Development Committee appointed 
under subsection (c)(1)(E) of such section as the 
other individuals with technical and scientific 
expertise relating to voting systems and voting 
equipment. 
‘‘(2) DETAILEE
FROM
CISA.—The Executive 
Board of the Standards Board may request the Direc-
tor of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security 
Agency of the Department of Homeland Security to 
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provide a detailee to assist the Standards Board in 
carrying out its duties under this section, so long as 
such detailee has no involvement in the drafting of 
any of the voluntary guidelines. 
‘‘SEC. 298B. USE OF PAYMENTS TO OBTAIN OR UPGRADE 
TECHNOLOGY. 
‘‘A State may use funds provided under any law for 
activities to improve the administration of elections for 
Federal office, including to enhance election technology and 
make election security improvements, to obtain nonvoting 
election technology which is in compliance with the vol-
untary guidelines adopted under section 298 or to upgrade 
nonvoting election technology so that the technology is in 
compliance with such guidelines, and may, notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, use any unobligated grant fund-
ing provided to the State by the Election Assistance Com-
mission from amounts appropriated under the heading 
‘Independent Agencies—Election Assistance Commission— 
Election Security Grants’ in title V of division C of the 
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116– 
93) for the purposes of enhancing election technology and 
making election security improvements until December 31, 
2024. 
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‘‘SEC. 298C. NONVOTING ELECTION TECHNOLOGY DEFINED. 
‘‘In this subtitle, the term ‘nonvoting election tech-
nology’ means technology used in the administration of elec-
tions for Federal office which is not used directly in the 
casting, counting, tabulating, or collecting of ballots or 
votes, including each of the following: 
‘‘(1) Electronic pollbooks or other systems used to 
check in voters at a polling place or verify a voter’s 
identification. 
‘‘(2) Election result reporting systems. 
‘‘(3) Electronic ballot delivery systems. 
‘‘(4) Online voter registration systems. 
‘‘(5) Polling place location search systems. 
‘‘(6) Sample ballot portals. 
‘‘(7) Signature systems. 
‘‘(8) Such other technology as may be rec-
ommended for treatment as nonvoting election tech-
nology as the Standards Board may recommend.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended by adding at the end of 
the items relating to title II the following: 
‘‘Subtitle E—Voluntary Guidelines for Use of Nonvoting Election Technology 
‘‘Sec. 298. Adoption of voluntary guidelines by Commission. 
‘‘Sec. 298A. Role of Standards Board and Local Leadership Council. 
‘‘Sec. 298B. Use of payments to obtain or upgrade technology. 
‘‘Sec. 298C. Nonvoting election technology defined.’’. 
(c) TREATMENT OF TECHNOLOGY USED IN MOST RE-
CENT ELECTION.—Any nonvoting election technology, as 
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defined in section 298C of the Help America Vote Act of 
2002 (as added by subsection (a)(1)), which a State used 
in the most recent election for Federal office held in the 
State prior to the date of the enactment of this Act shall 
be deemed to be in compliance with the voluntary guidelines 
on the use of such technology which are adopted by the Elec-
tion Assistance Commission under section 298 of such Act 
(as added by subsection (a)(1)). 
SEC. 130. STATUS REPORTS BY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 
STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY. 
Section 231 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 20971) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(e) STATUS REPORTS BY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 
STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY.—Not later than 60 days 
after the end of each fiscal year (beginning with 2025), the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology shall submit to Congress a status report describing— 
‘‘(1) the extent to which the Director carried out 
the Director’s responsibilities under this Act during 
the fiscal year, including the responsibilities imposed 
under this section and the responsibilities imposed 
with respect to the Technical Guidelines Development 
Committee under section 222, together with the Direc-
tor’s best estimate of when the Director will com-
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pletely carry out any responsibility which was not 
carried out completely during the fiscal year; and 
‘‘(2) the extent to which the Director carried out 
any projects requested by the Commission during the 
fiscal year, together with the Director’s best estimate 
of when the Director will complete any such project 
which the Director did not complete during the fiscal 
year.’’. 
SEC. 131. 501(c)(3) ORGANIZATIONS PROHIBITED FROM PRO-
VIDING DIRECT OR INDIRECT FUNDING FOR 
ELECTION ADMINISTRATION. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘End Zuckerbucks Act of 2023’’. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and which does not participate’’ 
and inserting ‘‘which does not participate’’, and 
(2) by striking the period at the end and insert-
ing ‘‘and which does not provide direct funding to 
any State or unit of local government for the purpose 
of the administration of elections for public office or 
any funding to any State or unit of local government 
in a case in which it is reasonable to expect such 
funding will be used for the purpose of the adminis-
tration of elections for public office (except with re-
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spect to the donation of space to a State or unit of 
local government to be used as a polling place in an 
election for public office).’’. 
(c) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in the amend-
ments made by subsection (b) shall be construed to prevent 
a house of worship, community center, or similar facility 
from serving as a polling place in an election for public 
office. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this 
section shall apply to funding provided in taxable years be-
ginning after December 31, 2025. 
SEC. 132. FEDERAL AGENCY INVOLVEMENT IN VOTER REG-
ISTRATION ACTIVITIES. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Promoting Free and Fair Elections Act of 2023’’. 
(b) CLARIFICATION OF FEDERAL AGENCY INVOLVE-
MENT
IN VOTER REGISTRATION ACTIVITIES.—Executive 
Order 14019 (86 Fed. Reg. 13623; relating to promoting 
access to voting) shall have no force or effect, and any con-
tract or arrangement entered into by an agency to carry 
out activities pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of such Executive 
Order shall be abrogated. 
(c) AGREEMENTS WITH NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANI-
ZATIONS.—None of the funds made available for the salaries 
and expenses of an agency may be used to solicit or enter 
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into an agreement with a nongovernmental organization to 
conduct voter registration or voter mobilization activities, 
including registering voters or providing any person with 
voter registration materials, absentee or vote-by-mail ballot 
applications, voting instructions, or candidate-related in-
formation, on the property or website of the agency. 
(d) REPORT ON PRIOR VOTER REGISTRATION AND MO-
BILIZATION ACTIVITIES.—Not later than 30 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report 
describing the activities carried out by the agency pursuant 
to sections 3 and 4 of Executive Order 14019 (86 Fed. Reg. 
13623). 
(e) PROHIBITING VOTER REGISTRATION AND MOBILI-
ZATION IN FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS.—Section 
443(b)(1) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1087–53(b)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’; 
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sub-
paragraph (E); and 
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) does not involve registering or mobi-
lizing voters on or off the campus of the institu-
tion; and’’. 
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(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) AGENCY.—The term ‘‘agency’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 3502(1) of title 44, 
United States Code. 
(2) 
APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional commit-
tees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
Senate; 
(C) the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the 
House of Representatives. 
SEC. 133. PROHIBITION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS FOR 
ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN STATES THAT 
PERMIT BALLOT HARVESTING. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘No Federal Funds for Ballot Harvesting Act’’. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) the right to vote is a fundamental right of 
citizens of the United States, as described by the Con-
stitution of the United States; 
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(2) the Committee on House Administration of 
the House of Representatives, which is charged with 
investigating election irregularities, received reports 
through its official Election Observer Program for the 
2018 general election and the 2020 general election, as 
well as from other stakeholders, that individuals other 
than voters themselves were depositing large amounts 
of absentee ballots at polling places throughout Cali-
fornia and other States, a practice colloquially known 
as ‘‘ballot harvesting’’; 
(3) the practice of ballot harvesting creates sig-
nificant vulnerabilities in the chain-of-custody of bal-
lots because individuals collecting ballots are not re-
quired to be registered voters and are not required to 
identify themselves at a voter’s home, and the State 
does not track how many ballots are harvested in an 
election; 
(4) in North Carolina, a congressional election 
was invalidated due to fraud associated with ballot 
harvesting committed by a political operative, and it 
is unlikely such activity would have been detected 
were it not for the prohibition against ballot har-
vesting in the State; 
(5) ballot harvesting invites electioneering activ-
ity at home and weakens States’ long-standing voter 
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protection procedures, which remain in place at poll-
ing locations, creating the possibility of undue influ-
ence over voters by political operatives and other bad 
actors; and 
(6) the Supreme Court of the United States has 
affirmed State authority to restrict ballot harvesting 
(Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, 141 S. 
Ct. 2321 (2021)). 
(c) PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ELECTION 
ADMINISTRATION FOR STATES ALLOWING COLLECTION AND 
TRANSMISSION
OF BALLOTS
BY CERTAIN THIRD PAR-
TIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Help America Vote Act of 
2002 (52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 908. PROHIBITION ON FEDERAL FUNDS FOR ELEC-
TION ADMINISTRATION FOR STATES ALLOW-
ING COLLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF 
BALLOTS BY CERTAIN THIRD PARTIES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, no Federal funds may be used to administer 
any election for Federal office in a State unless the State 
has in effect a law that prohibits an individual from the 
knowing collection and transmission of a ballot in an elec-
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tion for Federal office that was mailed to another person, 
other than an individual described as follows: 
‘‘(1) An election official while engaged in official 
duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(2) An employee of the United States Postal 
Service or other commercial common carrier engaged 
in similar activities while engaged in duties author-
ized by law. 
‘‘(3) Any other individual who is allowed by law 
to collect and transmit United States mail, while en-
gaged in official duties as authorized by law. 
‘‘(4) A family member, household member, or 
caregiver of the person to whom the ballot was mailed. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, with 
respect to a person to whom the ballot was mailed: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘caregiver’ means an individual 
who provides medical or health care assistance to such 
person in a residence, nursing care institution, hos-
pice facility, assisted living center, assisted living fa-
cility, assisted living home, residential care institu-
tion, adult day health care facility, or adult foster 
care home, except that such term does not include an 
individual who is an employee of the residence, nurs-
ing care institution, hospice facility, assisted living 
center, assisted living facility, assisted living home, 
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residential care institution, adult day health care fa-
cility, or adult foster care home in which the indi-
vidual provides such assistance to such person. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘family member’ means an indi-
vidual who is related to such person by blood, mar-
riage, adoption or legal guardianship. 
‘‘(3) The term ‘household member’ means an in-
dividual who resides at the same residence as such 
person.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents of such Act is amended by adding at the end the 
following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 908. Prohibition on Federal funds for election administration for States al-
lowing collection and transmission of ballots by certain third 
parties.’’. 
SEC. 134. CLARIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO FEDERAL 
ELECTION RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENT. 
Section 301 of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (52 U.S.C. 
20701) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘including records and papers 
of envelopes used to deliver voted ballots by mail and 
scanned, electronically preserved records of envelopes 
used to deliver blank ballots or absentee ballot requests 
or used for any purpose other than delivering voted 
ballots, ballots, ballot images, chain of custody 
records, cast vote records, logic and accuracy test re-
sults and equipment certification, and other materials 
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related to the Federal election that would be essential 
for conducting a post-election audit’’ after ‘‘requisite 
to voting in such election,’’; and 
(2) by inserting after ‘‘shall devolve upon such 
custodian.’’ the following: ‘‘Such records and papers 
shall be considered public records available for reason-
able public inspection, including at a minimum, as 
defined the law of the State in which the election is 
held, the candidates appearing on the ballot in the 
election, political parties whose candidates appeared 
on the ballot in the election, and any individuals au-
thorized to observe the election.’’ 
SEC. 135. CLARIFICATION OF RULES WITH RESPECT TO HIR-
ING OF ELECTION WORKERS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Election Worker Hiring Preference for Veterans and Amer-
icans With Disabilities Act’’. 
(b) PREFERENCES FOR VETERANS AND INDIVIDUALS 
WITH DISABILITIES.— 
(1) PREFERENCES.—In hiring election workers 
to administer an election in a State or local jurisdic-
tion, the State or local jurisdiction may give pref-
erence to individuals who are veterans or individuals 
with a disability. 
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(2) INCLUSION
OF
INFORMATION
IN
ELECTION 
ASSISTANCE COMMISSION CLEARINGHOUSE.—The Fed-
eral Election Commission shall include in any clear-
inghouse it maintains of procedures adopted by States 
with respect to the administration of Federal elections 
information on the procedures under which States 
hire individuals who are veterans or individuals with 
a disability as election workers, as described in para-
graph (1). 
(2) INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY DEFINED.— 
In this subsection, the term ‘‘individual with a dis-
ability’’ has the meaning given such term in the 
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
12101). 
(c) PREFERENCE AND WAIVER OF RESIDENCY RE-
QUIREMENT FOR SPOUSES AND DEPENDENTS OF ABSENT 
MILITARY VOTERS.— 
(1) SENSE
OF
CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that, in hiring election workers to admin-
ister an election in a State or local jurisdiction, the 
State or local jurisdiction— 
(A) should give preference to an individual 
who is a nonresident military spouse or depend-
ent; and 
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(B) should not refuse to hire such an indi-
vidual as an election worker solely on the 
grounds that the individual does not maintain a 
place of residence in the State or local jurisdic-
tion. 
(2) INCLUSION
OF
INFORMATION
IN
ELECTION 
ASSISTANCE COMMISSION CLEARINGHOUSE.—The Fed-
eral Election Commission shall include in any clear-
inghouse it maintains of procedures adopted by States 
with respect to the administration of Federal elections 
information on the procedures under which States 
hire nonresident military spouses or dependents as 
election workers, as described in paragraph (1). 
(3) NONRESIDENT
MILITARY
SPOUSE
OR
DE-
PENDENT
DEFINED.—In this subsection, a ‘‘non-
resident military spouse or dependent’’ means an in-
dividual who is an absent uniformed services voter 
under section 107(1)(C) of the Uniformed and Over-
seas 
Citizen 
Absentee 
Voting 
Act 
(52 
U.S.C. 
20310(1)(C)). 
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SEC. 136. STATE ASSISTANCE IN ASSIGNING MAILING AD-
DRESSES WITH RESPECT TO TRIBAL GOVERN-
MENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Mailing Addresses on Indian Lands Act’’ or the ‘‘MAIL 
Act’’. 
(b) IN GENERAL.—Upon request from a Tribal Gov-
ernment, the appropriate State executives of the State con-
cerned shall assist the Tribal Government to assign a mail-
ing address to each home and residence of the Tribal Gov-
ernment in the State that does not have a mailing address 
assigned to such home or residence and shall ensure that 
the State records include any such mailing address assigned 
and any mailing address previously assigned by such Trib-
al Government. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) INDIAN.—The term ‘‘Indian’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-De-
termination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 
5304). 
(2) INDIAN TRIBE.—The term ‘‘Indian Tribe’’ 
has the meaning given the term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ in sec-
tion 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Edu-
cation Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304). 
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(3) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ has the meaning 
given such term in section 901 of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141). 
(4) TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘‘Tribal 
Government’’ means the recognized governing body of 
an Indian Tribe. 
SEC. 137. STATE DEFINED. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘‘Northern Mariana Islands Inclusion Act’’. 
(b) APPLICATION TO COMMONWEALTH OF NORTHERN 
MARIANA ISLANDS.—Section 901 of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21141) is amended by striking ‘‘and 
the United States Virgin Islands’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the 
Northern Mariana Islands’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Such Act is further 
amended as follows: 
(1) The second sentence of section 213(a)(2) (52 
U.S.C. 20943(a)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘and 
American Samoa’’ and inserting ‘‘American Samoa, 
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Is-
lands’’. 
(2) Section 252(c)(2) (52 U.S.C. 21002(c)(2)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘or the United States Virgin Is-
lands’’ and inserting ‘‘the United States Virgin Is-
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lands, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands’’. 
SEC. 138. VOTER REGISTRATION FOR APPLICANTS WITH-
OUT DRIVER’S LICENSE OR SOCIAL SECURITY 
NUMBER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 303(a)(5)(A) of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)(5)(A)) is 
amended— 
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘Except as provided 
in clause (ii), notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, an application’’ and inserting ‘‘An application’’; 
(2) in clause (i)(II), by striking ‘‘ (other than an 
applicant to whom clause (ii) applies)’’; and 
(3) by amending clause (ii) to read as follows: 
‘‘(ii) SPECIAL RULE FOR APPLICANTS 
WITHOUT DRIVER’S LICENSE OR SOCIAL SE-
CURITY NUMBER.—If an applicant for voter 
registration for an election for Federal office 
has not been issued a current and valid 
driver’s license or a social security number, 
the State shall assign the applicant a tem-
porary number which shall be valid to iden-
tify the applicant for the purposes of voter 
registration only during the period that be-
gins on the date the temporary number is 
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assigned and ends 30 days after the date 
that the applicant receives a current and 
valid driver’s license or a social security 
number. If the applicant fails to provide a 
driver’s license number or the last 4 digits 
of the social security number (as the case 
may be) to the State during the 30-day pe-
riod that begins on the date the applicant 
receives such driver’s license or social secu-
rity number, the applicant’s application for 
voter registration with respect to which the 
temporary number was assigned may not be 
accepted or processed by the State.’’. 
SEC. 139. GAO STUDY ON DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING AND 
ASSEMBLY OF VOTING EQUIPMENT. 
(a) STUDY REQUIRED.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall carry out a study on the feasability 
and requirements for all voting equipment used in elections 
for Federal office to be manufactured and assembled in the 
United States, which shall include an assessment of the im-
portance of maintaining a secure supply chain for such vot-
ing equipment. 
(b) SUBMITTAL.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall 
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submit a report containing the results of the study carried 
out under subsection (a) to— 
(1) the appropriate congressional committees; 
(2) the chief State election official of each State; 
(3) the Election Assistance Commission; and 
(4) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology. 
(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress 
that it is in the national interest of the United States that 
equipment used for voting in American elections be devel-
oped, programmed, manufactured, and assembled within 
the United States under the authority of United States per-
sons. 
SEC. 139A. GAO STUDY AND REPORT ON ABILITY OF STATES 
TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN SPECIAL ELEC-
TION REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study of the ability 
of States to comply with the requirements for filling 
a vacancy in the State’s representation in the House 
of Representatives by special election in extraordinary 
circumstances pursuant to section 26 of the Revised 
Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 8). 
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(2) CONSULTATION.—In conducting the study 
under this subsection, the Comptroller General shall— 
(A) consult and work cooperatively with all 
States and shall not rely on sample information 
relating to a limited number of States; and 
(B) consult with the Election Assistance 
Commission. 
(3) STATE
DEFINED.—In this subsection, the 
term ‘‘State’’ means each of the several States, the 
District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto 
Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Vir-
gin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern 
Mariana Islands. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall 
submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under 
subsection (a), and shall include in the report such rec-
ommendations as the Comptroller General considers appro-
priate. 
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Subtitle D—District of Columbia 
Election 
Integrity 
and 
Voter 
Confidence 
SEC. 141. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘American Con-
fidence in Elections: District of Columbia Election Integ-
rity and Voter Confidence Act’’. 
SEC. 142. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY; 
FINDINGS. 
(a) STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY.— 
Congress finds that it has the authority to establish the 
terms and conditions for the administration of elections for 
public office in the District of Columbia— 
(1) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 17 of 
the Constitution of the United States, which grants 
Congress the exclusive power to enact legislation with 
respect to the seat of the government of the United 
States; 
(2) with recognition of the Residence Act of 
1790, which Congress passed pursuant to the above 
authority and which established the City of Wash-
ington in the District of Columbia as the seat of the 
government of the United States; 
(3) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 18 of 
the Constitution of the United States, which grants 
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Congress the authority to ‘‘make all Laws which shall 
be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution’’ 
its enumerated powers; and 
(4) under other enumerated powers granted to 
Congress. 
(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Voter identification requirements in the Dis-
trict of Columbia are some of the weakest in the coun-
try. Currently, voters in the District of Columbia are 
required only to provide proof of residence the first 
time they vote and are never asked to provide any-
thing again. 
(2) In the 2012 general election, the District of 
Columbia was wholly unprepared for early voters. 
Several polling locations featured only one or two vot-
ing machines. As a result, some voters waited in line 
for hours while others waited for hours only to be 
turned away as the polls closed. 
(3) Following the 2012 general election, the exec-
utive director of the D.C. Board of Elections testified 
that missteps had taken place during the election. 
Voters complained that some precincts were not acces-
sible for the disabled, while poorly trained employees 
ran sites elsewhere in the District. In other cases, vot-
ers were provided with ballots that were not correct 
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for their addresses, allowing them to vote in races in 
other wards. 
(4) In the District of Columbia’s 2014 April 
Democratic primary, voters had to wait several hours 
after polls closed before receiving meaningful election 
returns because of problems with voting machines that 
led to an unusually lengthy and chaotic tabulation 
process. 
(5) In the aftermath of that primary, while the 
District of Columbia originally blamed a handful of 
voting machines for late election results, the executive 
director later clarified that the issue came from a 
broad computer network failure. As a result, on elec-
tion night, ballots did not begin to be counted until 
10:00 p.m. The executive director said ‘‘on election 
night, polling officials never really did determine the 
problem...’’All this occurred despite record low turn-
out for the primary. 
(6) Before the 2014 midterm election, the execu-
tive director stated that he hoped that ballot counting 
would be done before midnight but could not offer any 
promises based on the District of Columbia’s previous 
history. 
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(7) Following the 2014 midterm election, the Of-
fice of the District of Columbia Auditor performed an 
audit of the election and found the following: 
(A) 23 of 89 precincts visited did not have 
the minimum number of poll workers designated 
in city election procedures. In total, 168 workers 
did not come to work as scheduled, and others 
that were not trained to perform certain func-
tions had to take on new jobs. 
(B) 37 of the 89 precincts inspected featured 
polling places not fully accessible to disabled vot-
ers. Some issues included missing or inoperable 
doorbells to alert poll workers that a wheelchair- 
bound voter needed assistance, as well as a lack 
of accessible parking spaces and entrances. 
(C) 57 of the 89 precincts featured election 
and non-election equipment issues affecting a 
wide range of the Election Day technology — in-
cluding paper ballot readers, electronic poll books 
and touch-screen voting machines. 
(8) In 2016, the Office of the District of Colum-
bia Auditor released a report titled ‘‘The District of 
Columbia Voter File: Compliance with Law and Best 
Practices’’, which included the following: 
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(A) In 2015, the Board of Elections, as re-
quired under District law, sent out written no-
tices to 260,000 inactive voters through the U.S. 
Postal Service in an attempt to maintain accu-
rate voter registration rolls. 38,179, or almost 15 
percent of those postcards, were returned as un-
deliverable. 
(B) The Office of the Auditor took a sample 
of thirty-three decedents who had died between 
January of 2011 and December of 2014. The 
audit found that all of the thirty-three decedents 
were still on the District’s voter registration 
rolls. 
(C) The District of Columbia is a member 
of the Electronic Registration Information Cen-
ter (ERIC). According to ERIC, 13,651 voters 
were registered in the District of Columbia and 
another jurisdiction. The D.C. Board of Elec-
tions contacted every voter with a duplicate reg-
istration. 6,000 voters confirmed they now re-
sided outside the District of Columbia and the 
other 7,651 or 56 percent of voters with a dupli-
cate registration did not respond. 
(9) The District of Columbia allows for same-day 
registration and automatic voter registration. In 
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2018, the District of Columbia implemented an Auto-
matic Voter Registration program through the De-
partment of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Now, any DMV 
application automatically serves as an application to 
register to vote or update registration records, unless 
the applicant affirmatively opts out of this registra-
tion option. 
(10) In 2020, voting in the District of Columbia 
for the June primary election was fraught with prob-
lems. Some voters waited in line for hours, and thou-
sands of voters who requested absentee mail-in ballots 
never received them. As a result, the District of Co-
lumbia allowed voters that never received their absen-
tee ballot to cast their ballots via unsecured email. 
During the Committee on House Administration and 
Committee on Oversight and Accountability joint 
hearing titled ‘‘American Confidence in Elections: 
The Path to Election Integrity in the District of Co-
lumbia’’, witnesses called by Republicans and Demo-
crats both agreed that casting a ballot via unsecured 
email raised serious security and voter identification 
concerns. 
(11) In 2020, the District of Columbia Board of 
Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot for the 
general election. Voters were still permitted to vote in- 
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person. The Board mailed 421,791 ballots, and 48,018 
of them were undeliverable, more than eleven percent. 
This is a rate more than eight times higher than the 
national average. 
(12) Even after mailing every registered voter a 
ballot in the 2020 general election, the District of Co-
lumbia had lower voter turnout rates than States like 
Florida, Ohio, and Georgia. In 2020, the District of 
Columbia reported a roughly 64 percent turnout 
while Florida reported 77 percent, Ohio reported 
roughly 74 percent, and Georgia reported 66 percent. 
(13) In 2022, the District of Columbia Board of 
Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot for the 
midterm primary election. Voters were still allowed to 
vote in person. The Board mailed 402,323 ballots, 
and 65,398 ballots, or about 16 percent, were undeliv-
erable. This is an increase of 17,380 in undeliverable 
ballots between the 2020 general election and the 2022 
primary election. 
(14) In 2022, the District of Columbia Board of 
Elections mailed every registered voter a ballot for the 
November general election. Voters were still allowed to 
vote in person. The Board mailed 508,543 ballots, 
and 87,921 were undeliverable. The rate of undeliver-
able ballots mailed out for the general election in 
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2022 was 17 percent, an increase of about six basis 
points from the 2020 election. In addition, the Dis-
trict of Columbia mailed over 500 voters an incorrect 
ballot. At the time of the 2022 election, the COVID– 
19 pandemic was largely over, allowing voters to vote 
in person without issue, unlike during the 2020 elec-
tion. 
(15) Despite mailing every registered voter a bal-
lot in the 2022 midterm election, the District of Co-
lumbia had far lower voter turnout rates than States 
like Florida, Georgia, and Ohio. In 2022, the District 
of Columbia reported roughly 40 percent turnout 
while Florida reported 54 percent, Ohio reported 52 
percent, and Georgia reported roughly 57 percent. 
(16) The Local Resident Voting Rights Amend-
ment Act of 2022 allows noncitizen green-card holders 
and illegal aliens to cast a ballot in local races, as 
long as the non-citizen voter is at least eighteen years 
of age and has resided in the District of Columbia for 
thirty days. The law will take effect in 2024. Esti-
mates as to the number of non-citizens of voting age 
living in the District of Columbia range from 21,000 
to 42,000, potentially half of whom are illegal aliens. 
Even according to the low estimates, there are more 
than enough non-citizens of voting age living in the 
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District of Columbia to impact election outcomes in 
some wards. 
(17) On February 9, 2023, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, by a vote of 260 to 162, passed H.J. 
Res. 24, disapproving the Local Resident Voting 
Rights Amendment Act of 2022 under the District of 
Columbia Home Rule Act. 
SEC. 143. REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTIONS IN DISTRICT OF 
COLUMBIA. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED.—Title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21801 et seq.) 
is amended by adding at the end the following new subtitle: 
‘‘Subtitle C—Requirements for 
Elections in District of Columbia 
‘‘SEC. 321. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORITY; 
FINDINGS. 
‘‘Congress finds that it has the authority to establish 
the terms and conditions for the administration of elections 
for public office in the District of Columbia— 
‘‘(1) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 17 of 
the Constitution of the United States, which grants 
Congress the exclusive power to enact legislation with 
respect to the seat of the government of the United 
States; 
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‘‘(2) with recognition of the Residence Act of 
1790, which Congress passed pursuant to the above 
authority and which established the City of Wash-
ington in the District of Columbia as the seat of the 
government of the United States; 
‘‘(3) pursuant to article I, section 8, clause 18 of 
the Constitution of the United States, which grants 
Congress the authority to ‘make all Laws which shall 
be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution’ 
its enumerated powers; and 
‘‘(4) under other enumerated powers granted to 
Congress. 
‘‘SEC. 322. REQUIREMENTS FOR PHOTO IDENTIFICATION. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Voter Identification Act’. 
‘‘(b) REQUIRING PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION TO 
RECEIVE A BALLOT OR VOTE.— 
‘‘(1) INDIVIDUALS VOTING IN PERSON.—A Dis-
trict of Columbia election official may not provide a 
ballot for a District of Columbia election to an indi-
vidual who desires to vote in person unless the indi-
vidual presents to the official an identification de-
scribed in paragraph (3). 
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‘‘(2) INDIVIDUALS VOTING OTHER THAN IN PER-
SON.—A District of Columbia election official may 
not provide a ballot for a District of Columbia elec-
tion to an individual who desires to vote other than 
in person unless the individual submits with the ap-
plication for the ballot a copy of an identification de-
scribed in paragraph (3). 
‘‘(3) IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIBED.—An identi-
fication described in this paragraph is, with respect 
to an individual, any of the following: 
‘‘(A) A current and valid motor vehicle li-
cense issued by the District of Columbia or any 
other current and valid photo identification of 
the individual which is issued by the District of 
Columbia or the identification number for such 
motor vehicle license or photo identification. 
‘‘(B) A current and valid United States 
passport, a current and valid military photo 
identification, or any other current and valid 
photo identification of the individual which is 
issued by the Federal Government. 
‘‘(C) Any current and valid photo identi-
fication of the individual which is issued by a 
Tribal Government. 
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‘‘(D) A student photo identification issued 
by a secondary school (as such term is defined in 
section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)) or an 
institution of higher education (as such term is 
defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)). 
‘‘(E) The last 4 digits of the individual’s so-
cial security number. 
‘‘(4) ENSURING PROOF OF RESIDENCE.—If an 
individual presents or submits an identification de-
scribed in paragraph (3) which does not include the 
address of the individual’s residence, the District of 
Columbia election official may not provide a ballot to 
the individual unless the individual presents or sub-
mits a document or other written information from a 
third party which— 
‘‘(A) provides the address of the individual’s 
residence; and 
‘‘(B) such document or other written infor-
mation is of sufficient validity such that the elec-
tion official is reasonably certain as to the iden-
tity of the individual. 
‘‘(c) PROVISION OF IDENTIFICATION WITHOUT COST 
TO INDIGENT INDIVIDUALS.—If the District of Columbia 
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charges an individual a fee for an identification described 
in subsection (b)(3) and the individual provides an attesta-
tion that the individual is unable to afford the fee, the Dis-
trict of Columbia shall provide the identification to the in-
dividual at no cost. 
‘‘(d) SPECIAL RULE WITH RESPECT TO SINCERELY 
HELD RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.—In the case of an individual 
who is unable to comply with the requirements of subsection 
(b) due to sincerely held religious beliefs, the District of Co-
lumbia shall provide such individual with an alternative 
identification that shall be deemed to meet the requirements 
of an identification described in subsection (b)(3). 
‘‘(e) DESIGNATION OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AGENCY 
TO PROVIDE COPIES OF IDENTIFICATION.—The Mayor of 
the District of Columbia shall designate an agency of the 
District of Columbia government to provide an individual 
with a copy of an identification described in subsection 
(b)(3) at no cost to the individual for the purposes of meet-
ing the requirement under subsection (b)(2). 
‘‘(f) INCLUSION OF PHOTOS IN POLL BOOKS.— 
‘‘(1) SHORT
TITLE.—This subsection may be 
cited as the ‘American Confidence in Elections: Dis-
trict of Columbia Photographic Poll Books Act’. 
‘‘(2) METHODS FOR OBTAINING PHOTOS.— 
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‘‘(A) PROVISION OF PHOTOS BY OFFICES OF 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT.—If any 
office of the District of Columbia government has 
a photograph or digital image of the likeness of 
an individual who is eligible to vote in a Dis-
trict of Columbia election, the office, in consulta-
tion with the chief election official of the District 
of Columbia, shall provide access to the photo-
graph or digital image to the chief election offi-
cial of the District of Columbia. 
‘‘(B) TAKING
OF
PHOTOS
AT
POLLING 
PLACE.—If a photograph or digital image of an 
individual who votes in person at a polling place 
is not included in the poll book which contains 
the names of the individuals who are eligible to 
vote in the District of Columbia election and 
which is used by election officials to provide bal-
lots to such eligible individuals, the appropriate 
election official shall take a photograph of the in-
dividual and provide access to the photograph to 
the chief election official of the District of Co-
lumbia. 
‘‘(C) COPIES OF PHOTOS PROVIDED BY IN-
DIVIDUALS NOT VOTING IN PERSON.—The elec-
tion official who receives a copy of an identifica-
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tion described in subsection (b)(3) which is sub-
mitted by an individual who desires to vote other 
than in person at a polling place shall provide 
access to the copy of the identification to the 
chief election official of the District of Columbia. 
‘‘(3) INCLUSION IN POLL BOOKS.—The chief elec-
tion official of the District of Columbia shall ensure 
that the most recently available photograph, digital 
image, or copy of an identification for which access 
is provided under paragraph (2) is included in the 
poll book which contains the name of the individuals 
who are eligible to vote in the District of Columbia 
election and which is used by election officials to pro-
vide ballots to such eligible individuals. 
‘‘(4) PROTECTION OF PRIVACY OF VOTERS.—The 
appropriate election officials of the District of Colum-
bia shall ensure that any photograph, digital image, 
or copy of an identification which is included in a 
poll book under this subsection is not used for any 
purpose other than the administration of District of 
Columbia elections and is not provided or otherwise 
made available to any other person except as may be 
necessary to carry out that purpose. 
‘‘(g) EXCEPTIONS.—This section does not apply with 
respect to any individual who is— 
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105 
vidual registered to vote with respect to a different political 
party than such election worker, as determined pursuant 
to the voting registration records of the District of Colum-
bia. 
‘‘SEC. 326. BAN ON NONCITIZEN VOTING. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Citizen Voter Act’. 
‘‘(b) BAN ON NONCITIZEN VOTING.—No individual 
may vote in a District of Columbia election unless the indi-
vidual is a citizen of the United States. 
‘‘SEC. 327. REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO PROVI-
SIONAL BALLOTS. 
‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the 
‘American Confidence in Elections: District of Columbia 
Provisional Ballot Reform Act’. 
‘‘(b) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(c), the District of Columbia shall permit an individual to 
cast a provisional ballot pursuant to section 302 if— 
‘‘(1) the individual declares that such individual 
is a registered voter in the District of Columbia and 
is eligible to vote in a District of Columbia election 
but the name of the individual does not appear on the 
official list of eligible voters for the polling place or 
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106 
an election official asserts that the individual is not 
eligible to vote; or 
‘‘(2) the individual declares that such individual 
is a registered voter in the District of Columbia and 
is eligible to vote in a District of Columbia election 
but does not provide an identification required under 
section 322, except that the individual’s provisional 
ballot shall not be counted in the election unless the 
individual provides such identification to the chief 
State election official of the District of Columbia not 
later than 5:00 pm on the second day which begins 
after the date of the election. 
‘‘(c) REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO COUNTING 
PROVISIONAL BALLOTS IN CERTAIN CASES.—If the name 
of an individual who is a registered voter in the District 
of Columbia and eligible to vote in a District of Columbia 
election appears on the official list of eligible voters for a 
polling place in the District of Columbia, such individual 
may cast a provisional ballot pursuant to section 302 for 
such election at a polling place other than the polling place 
with respect to which the name of the individual appears 
on the official list of eligible voters, except that the individ-
ual’s provisional ballot shall not be counted in the election 
unless the individual demonstrates pursuant to the require-
ments under section 302 that the individual is a registered 
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