•HRES 1181 IH 
highest percentage of health care workers who are foreign 
born)— 
(1) 29 percent of physicians; 
(2) 25 percent of nursing, psychiatric, and home 
health aides; 
(3) 24 percent of dentists; 
(4) 20 percent of pharmacists; 
(5) 19 percent of dental assistants; 
(6) 15 percent of medical assistants; 
(7) 15 percent of registered nurses; 
(8) 15 percent of licensed practical and licensed vo-
cational nurses; 
(9) 12 percent of dieticians and nutritionists; and 
(10) 12 percent of optometrists; 
Whereas the Association of American Medical Colleges at-
tested to the Supreme Court that the health care system 
of the United States relies on immigrant health care pro-
viders in their current roles; 
Whereas immigrants working in health care professions serve 
throughout the United States, and often in rural or un-
derserved communities; 
Whereas immigrants fill approximately one-third of physician 
roles in the United States; 
Whereas immigrants working in a health care occupation 
range from those granted temporary protected status 
under section 244 of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1254a) or deferred action pursuant to the 
memorandum of the Department of Homeland Security 
entitled ‘‘Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion with Re-
spect to Individuals Who Came to the United States as 
Children’’ issued on June 15, 2012 (referred to in this 
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•HRES 1181 IH 
preamble as ‘‘DACA’’), to naturalized United States citi-
zens; 
Whereas more than 12 percent of the immigrants working in 
health care occupations (310,000 individuals) are human-
itarian migrants, including refugees, asylees, special im-
migrant visa holders, and Cuban and Haitian entrants; 
Whereas 50,000 DACA recipients perform critical roles in the 
health care industry; 
Whereas the medical students, residents, and physicians who 
rely on DACA for their ability to practice medicine and 
provide medical care to approximately 4,600 patients per 
year; 
Whereas, in response to COVID–19, immigrants put their 
own lives on the line to save lives every day, working as 
diagnostic and treatment practitioners, physician assist-
ants, physicians, nurses, health aides, nursing assistants 
and orderlies, health care support workers, medical stu-
dents and residents, and health technologists and techni-
cians; 
Whereas more than 5,200,000 undocumented immigrants, in-
cluding more than one half of all DACA recipients 
(400,000 individuals) and the majority of Temporary 
Protected Status holders (more than 220,000 individuals) 
are considered essential critical infrastructure workers; 
Whereas immigrant essential workers, including first re-
sponders, health care workers, agricultural workers and 
meat packers, child care providers, and hospitality and 
transportation workers, have heroically helped provide 
medical care, food, shelter, and comfort to the individuals 
of the United States impacted by COVID–19; 
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•HRES 1181 IH 
Whereas undocumented immigrants alone contribute an esti-
mated $227,000,000,000 of spending power annually to 
the United States economy, after the payment of 
$49,000,000,000 of combined Federal, State, and local 
taxes each year; 
Whereas the majority of farm workers in the United States 
are immigrants, and regardless of politics, have been 
deemed ‘‘essential workers’’ to maintaining a safe food 
supply for the United States during the COVID–19 pan-
demic; 
Whereas immigrants have served in the Armed Forces since 
the founding of the United States, and have fought in 
every major conflict in United States history, including 
the Civil War, World Wars I and II, and conflicts in 
Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq; 
Whereas immigrants have put their lives on the line to pro-
tect the ideals of the United States and democracy, as 
well as lives of the people of the United States, by serv-
ing as translators and interpreters for the Armed Forces, 
including in Afghanistan and Iraq, and performing sen-
sitive and trusted activities for United States military 
personnel stationed with the International Security As-
sistance Force; 
Whereas immigrants who serve in emerging industries with 
pronounced labor shortages in the United States, such as 
artificial intelligence, that rely on science, technology, en-
gineering, and mathematics (referred to in this preamble 
as ‘‘STEM’’) skills, not only bolster the economy but also 
enhance national security and global leadership; 
Whereas when immigrants have a trusting relationship with 
local law enforcement agencies, immigrants have reported 
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•HRES 1181 IH 
crime and worked with law enforcement agencies on 
neighborhood crime reduction strategies; 
Whereas the United States has the largest number of immi-
grants in the world, and those immigrants represent al-
most every country in the world, contributing to the rich 
diversity of people, cultures, cuisine, literature, art, lan-
guage, academia, music, media, fashion, and customs; 
Whereas the United States is more diverse than ever before 
in its history, with greater shares than ever before of im-
migrants from India, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, the 
Philippines, El Salvador, Vietnam, Cuba, the Dominican 
Republic, the Republic of Korea, and Guatemala, and an 
increase of more than 90 percent since 2000 of Black im-
migrants from across the African Continent, the Carib-
bean, Jamaica, and Haiti; 
Whereas Black immigrants and their children make up 
roughly one-fifth of the overall Black population in the 
United States (21 percent); 
Whereas, in response to recent civil unrest in the United 
States, immigrants of all backgrounds have pledged their 
support to fight racial injustice, hand-in-hand with Black 
immigrants, to fight for accountability from law enforce-
ment and the criminal justice system, and to demand 
that law enforcement protect all individuals, regardless of 
their skin color; 
Whereas celebrating the racial, ethnic, linguistic, and reli-
gious differences of immigrants has resulted in a unified, 
patriotic, and prosperous United States; 
Whereas immigration has long been one of the greatest com-
petitive advantages of the United States; 
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•HRES 1181 IH 
Whereas immigrants of all skill levels have helped make the 
economy of the United States the strongest in the world, 
complementing existing businesses in the United States 
in times of need and founding successful businesses of 
their own; 
Whereas more than 40 percent of Fortune 500 companies 
were founded by immigrants or their children, which gen-
erate $4,200,000,000,000 in annual revenue and employ 
millions of individuals in the United States; 
Whereas, although approximately 14 percent of the popu-
lation of the United States are immigrants, a consider-
ably larger share of the labor force (18 percent) are im-
migrants; 
Whereas immigrants are entrepreneurial self-starters who 
create their own opportunity and employment opportuni-
ties for others, with 12 percent of employed immigrants 
being self-employed compared to 9 percent of employed, 
native-born individuals of the United States; 
Whereas immigrant-owned businesses provide jobs across the 
United States, supporting the creation of additional jobs 
through entrepreneurial activity in addition to the jobs 
they fill within their business; 
Whereas immigrants are more likely to have advanced de-
grees than native-born people of the United States; 
Whereas more than 1,000,000 international students are en-
rolled in colleges and universities across the United 
States, comprising about 5 percent of the total higher 
education population and helping make the United States 
the global leader in higher education; 
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