‘‘(D) autonomous chemistry and materials 
synthesis and characterization facilities that le-
verage advances in artificial intelligence; and’’; 
(4) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means the 
rate of flow of photons. 
‘‘(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘hard x- 
ray’ means a photon with energy greater 
than 20 kiloelectron volts. 
‘‘(B) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Photon 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’, including the development of a multi- 
bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy re-
gion and a suite of beamlines optimized for this 
source. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00006
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore March 31, 2026. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the upgrade under this paragraph $157,000,000 
for fiscal year 2022. 
‘‘(5) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
PROTON 
POWER UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the proton power upgrade to the 
Spallation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) PROTON POWER UPGRADE DEFINED.— 
For the purposes of this paragraph, the term 
‘proton power upgrade’ means the Spallation 
Neutron Source power upgrade described in— 
‘‘(i) the publication titled ‘Facilities 
for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of Science 
of the Department of Energy in December, 
2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication titled ‘Four Years 
Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for 
the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Out-
look’, published by the Office of Science of 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00007
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
the Department of Energy in August, 2007; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore December 31, 2028. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the upgrade under this paragraph $49,800,000 
for fiscal year 2022. 
‘‘(6) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
SECOND 
TARGET STATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for a second target station for the Spall-
ation Neutron Source. 
‘‘(B) SECOND TARGET STATION DEFINED.— 
For the purposes of this paragraph, the term 
‘second target station’ means the Spallation Neu-
tron Source second target station described in— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00008
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(i) the publication titled, ‘Facilities 
for the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year 
Outlook’, published by the Office of Science 
of the Department of Energy in December, 
2003; 
‘‘(ii) the publication titled, ‘Four Years 
Later: An Interim Report on Facilities for 
the Future of Science: A Twenty-Year Out-
look’, published by the Office of Science of 
the Department of Energy in August, 2007; 
and 
‘‘(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the second target station under this paragraph 
occurs before December 31, 2030, with the option 
for early operation in 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00009
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
the activities under this paragraph, including 
construction— 
‘‘(i) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $127,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $279,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(7) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) FLUX.—The term ‘flux’ means the 
rate of flow of photons. 
‘‘(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘soft x- 
ray’ means a photon with energy in the 
range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 
‘‘(B) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’, 
including 
the 
development 
of 
a 
multibend achromat lattice to produce a high 
flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray en-
ergy region. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00010
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore September 30, 2029. 
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $75,100,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(v) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(8) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 
ENERGY UPGRADE.— 
‘‘(A) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
‘‘(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term 
‘high energy x-ray’ means a photon with an 
energy in the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range. 
‘‘(ii) HIGH
REPETITION
RATE.—The 
term ‘high repetition rate’ means the deliv-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00011
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
ery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses 
per second. 
‘‘(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.— 
The term ‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’ means x- 
ray bursts capable of durations of less than 
100 femtoseconds. 
‘‘(B) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) provide for the upgrade to the 
Linac Coherent Light Source II facility de-
scribed in the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘Report on Facility 
Upgrades’, including the development of ex-
perimental capabilities for high energy x- 
rays to reveal fundamental scientific discov-
eries; and 
‘‘(ii) ensure such upgrade enables the 
production and use of high energy, ultra- 
short pulse x-rays delivered at a high rep-
etition rate. 
‘‘(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, subject to the availability of appro-
priations, ensure that the start of full operations 
of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs be-
fore December 31, 2026. 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00012
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the upgrade under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $106,925,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $125,925,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 
2024; 
‘‘(iv) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
and 
‘‘(v) $49,344,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(9) CRYOMODULE
REPAIR
AND
MAINTENANCE 
FACILITY.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the construction of a cryomodule re-
pair and maintenance facility to service the 
Linac Coherent Light Source II and upgrades to 
the facility. The Secretary shall consult with the 
private sector, universities, National Labora-
tories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
that this facility has the capability to maintain, 
repair, and test superconducting radiofrequency 
accelerator components. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00013
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(iii) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(iv) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. 
‘‘(10) NANOSCALE SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER 
RECAPITALIZATION PROJECT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the recapitalization of the Nanoscale 
Science Research Centers, to include the upgrade 
of equipment at each Center supported by the Of-
fice of Science on the date of enactment of the 
Department of Energy Science for the Future 
Act, to accelerate advances in the various fields 
of science including nanoscience, materials, 
chemistry, biology, and quantum information 
science. 
‘‘(B) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to 
be appropriated under subsection (j), there shall 
be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the recapitalization under this paragraph— 
‘‘(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(ii) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00014
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(iii) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
‘‘(iv) 
$20,000,000 
for 
fiscal 
year 
2025.’’; 
(5) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(h) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
AND CHEMICAL 
SCIENCES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support a 
program of research and development for the applica-
tion of advanced computing practices to foundational 
and emerging research problems in chemistry and 
materials science. Research activities shall include— 
‘‘(A) chemical catalysis research and devel-
opment; 
‘‘(B) the use of large data sets to model ma-
terials phenomena, including through advanced 
characterization of materials, materials syn-
thesis, processing, and innovative use of experi-
mental and theoretical data; 
‘‘(C) co-design of chemical system and 
chemistry modeling software with advanced com-
puting systems and hardware technologies; and 
‘‘(D) modeling of chemical processes, assem-
blies, and reactions such as molecular dynamics 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00015
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
and quantum chemistry, including through novel 
computing methods. 
‘‘(2) COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL 
SCIENCES CENTERS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the ac-
tivities authorized under paragraph (1), the Di-
rector shall select and establish up to six com-
putational materials and chemical sciences cen-
ters to— 
‘‘(i) develop open-source, robust, and 
validated computational codes and user- 
friendly software, coupled with innovative 
use of experimental and theoretical data, to 
enable the design, discovery, and develop-
ment of new materials and chemical sys-
tems; and 
‘‘(ii) focus on overcoming challenges 
and maximizing the benefits of exascale and 
other high performance computing under-
pinned by accelerated node technologies. 
‘‘(B) SELECTION.—The Director shall select 
centers under subparagraph (A) on a competi-
tive, merit-reviewed basis. The Director shall 
consider applications from the National Labora-
tories, institutes of higher education, multi-insti-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00016
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
tutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
entities. 
‘‘(C) DURATION.— 
‘‘(i) A center selected under subpara-
graph (A) shall receive support for a period 
of not more than 5 years beginning on the 
date of establishment of that center, subject 
to the availability of appropriations. 
‘‘(ii) A center already in existence on 
the date of enactment of the Department of 
Energy Science for the Future Act may con-
tinue to receive support for a period of not 
more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
establishment of that center. 
‘‘(D) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of 
any period of support of a center under this sub-
section, the Director may renew support for the 
center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of 
not more than 5 years. 
‘‘(E) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the 
existing authorities of the Department, the Direc-
tor may terminate an underperforming center 
for cause during the performance period. 
‘‘(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00017
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall support 
the development of a web-based platform to develop 
and provide access to a database of computed infor-
mation on known and predicted materials properties 
and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs 
in materials discovery and design. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this subsection, 
the Director shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct cooperative research with in-
dustry, academia, and other research institutions 
to advance understanding, prediction, and ma-
nipulation of materials and facilitate the design 
of novel materials; 
‘‘(B) develop and maintain data infrastruc-
ture at user facilities that generate data to col-
lect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the 
data for inclusion in the database; 
‘‘(C) leverage existing high performance 
computing systems to conduct high throughput 
calculations, and develop computational and 
data mining algorithms for the prediction of ma-
terial properties; 
‘‘(D) strengthen the foundation for new 
technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00018
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(E) drive the development of advanced ma-
terials for applications that span the Depart-
ment’s missions in energy, environment, and na-
tional security. 
‘‘(3) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this sub-
section, the Director shall leverage programs and ac-
tivities across the Department, including computa-
tional materials and chemical sciences centers estab-
lished under subsection (h). 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under subsection (j), there shall be made 
available to the Secretary to carry out activities 
under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of the fis-
cal years 2022 through 2026. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities described in this section— 
‘‘(1) $2,727,705,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $2,828,896,600 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $3,019,489,612 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $3,161,698,885 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $3,291,651,600 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.—Section 973 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended— 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00019
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the 
Secretary shall make available for carrying out ac-
tivities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2022 through 2031.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary 
shall make available for carrying out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.’’. 
(c) ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
Section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C.16315) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Basic Energy Sciences, the 
Secretary shall make available for carrying out ac-
tivities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2022 through 2026.’’; 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00020
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary 
shall make available for carrying out activities under 
this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.’’; and 
(3) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) 
and inserting: 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated in section 316 of the Department 
of Energy Research and Innovation Act, the Secretary 
shall make available for carrying out activities under 
this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2022 through 2026.’’. 
SEC. 4. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM; BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS; BIOMOLECULAR 
CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAGING SCIENCE.—Section 306 
of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(a) PROGRAM.—As part of the duties of the Director 
authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00021
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), and coordinated with 
the activities authorized under sections 303 and 304 of this 
Act, the Director shall carry out a program of research and 
development in the areas of biological systems science and 
climate and environmental science, including subsurface 
science, relevant to the development of new energy tech-
nologies and to support the energy, environmental, and na-
tional security missions of the Department. 
‘‘(b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry 
out research and development activities in genomic science 
including fundamental research on plants and microbes to 
increase systems-level understanding of the complex biologi-
cal systems, which may include activities to— 
‘‘(1) accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge 
that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable pro-
duction of— 
‘‘(A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
fuels; 
‘‘(B) bioenergy; and 
‘‘(C) biobased materials from renewable bio-
mass; 
‘‘(2) improve fundamental understanding of 
plant and microbial processes impacting the global 
carbon cycle, including processes for removing carbon 
dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00022
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
and other biological processes, for sequestration and 
storage; 
‘‘(3) understand the microbiome mechanisms 
used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami-
nants from subsurface environments; 
‘‘(4) develop the computational approaches and 
integrated platforms for open access collaborative 
science; 
‘‘(5) leverage tools and approaches across the Of-
fice of Science to expand research to include novel 
processes, methods, and science to develop bio-based 
chemicals, polymers, inorganic materials, including 
research to— 
‘‘(A) advance biosystems design research to 
advance the understanding of how CRISPR tools 
and other gene editing tools and technologies 
work in nature, in the laboratory, and in prac-
tice; 
‘‘(B) deepen genome-enabled knowledge of 
root architecture and growth in crops, including 
trees; and 
‘‘(C) develop biosystems design methods and 
tools to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis 
in plants; and 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00023
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
‘‘(6) develop other relevant methods and processes 
as determined by the Director. 
‘‘(c) BIOMOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAG-
ING SCIENCE.—The Director shall carry out research and 
development activities in biomolecular characterization and 
imaging science, including development of integrative im-
aging and analysis platforms and biosensors to understand 
the expression, structure, and function of genome informa-
tion encoded within cells and for real-time measurements 
in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of 
the Department of Energy.’’; and 
(2) by redesignating subsections (b) through (d) 
as subsections (d) through (f), respectively. 
(b) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.—Section 977(f) 
of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(f)) is 
amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(f) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the program 
under section 306(a) of the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644(a)), the 
Director shall support up to six bioenergy research 
centers to conduct fundamental research in plant and 
microbial systems biology, biological imaging and 
analysis, and genomics, and to accelerate advanced 
research and development of biomass-based liquid 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00024
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
transportation fuels, bioenergy, or biobased materials, 
chemicals, and products that are produced from a va-
riety of regionally diverse feedstocks, and to facilitate 
the translation of research results to industry. The ac-
tivities of the centers authorized under this subsection 
may include— 
‘‘(A) accelerating the domestication of bio-
energy-relevant plants, microbes, and associated 
microbial communities to enable high-impact, 
value-added coproduct development at multiple 
points in the bioenergy supply chain; 
‘‘(B) developing the science and techno-
logical advances to ensure process sustainability 
is considered in the creation of biofuels and bio-
products from lignocellulose; and 
‘‘(C) using the latest tools in genomics, mo-
lecular biology, catalysis science, chemical engi-
neering, systems biology, and computational and 
robotics technologies to sustainably produce and 
transform biomass into biofuels and bioproducts. 
‘‘(2) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—A center established 
under paragraph (1) shall be selected on a com-
petitive, merit-reviewed basis for a period of not 
more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00025
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
appropriations, beginning on the date of estab-
lishment of that center. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS.—The Director shall 
consider applications from National Labora-
tories, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
other appropriate entities. 
‘‘(C) EXISTING CENTERS.—A center already 
in existence on the date of enactment of the De-
partment of Energy Science for the Future Act 
may continue to receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years beginning on the date of 
establishment of that center. 
‘‘(3) RENEWAL.—After the end of either period 
described in paragraph (2), the Director may renew 
support for the center for a period of not more than 
5 years on a merit-reviewed basis. For a center in op-
eration for 10 years after its previous selection on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, the Director may 
renew support for the center on a competitive, merit- 
reviewed basis for a period of not more than 5 years, 
and may subsequently provide an additional renewal 
on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more 
than 5 years. 
‘‘(4) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the exist-
ing authorities of the Department, the Director may 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00026
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
terminate an underperforming center for cause during 
the performance period. 
‘‘(5) ACTIVITIES.—Centers shall undertake re-
search activities to accelerate the production of 
biofuels and bioproducts from advanced biomass re-
sources by identifying the most suitable species of 
plants for use as energy crops; and improving meth-
ods of breeding, propagation, planting, producing, 
harvesting, storage and processing. Activities may in-
clude the following: 
‘‘(A) Research activities to increase sustain-
ability, including— 
‘‘(i) advancing knowledge of how bio-
energy crop interactions with biotic and 
abiotic environmental factors influence crop 
growth, yield, and quality; 
‘‘(ii) identifying the most impactful re-
search areas that address the economics of 
biofuels and bioproducts production; and 
‘‘(iii) utilizing multiscale modeling to 
advance predictive understanding of biofuel 
cropping ecosystems. 
‘‘(B) Research activities to further feedstock 
development, including lignocellulosic, algal, gas-
eous wastes including carbon oxides and meth-
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00027
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS
ane, and direct air capture of single carbon gases 
via plants and microbes, including— 
‘‘(i) developing genetic and genomic 
tools, high-throughput analytical tools, and 
biosystems design approaches to enhance 
bioenergy feedstocks and their associated 
microbiomes; 
‘‘(ii) conducting field testing of new 
potential bioenergy feedstock crops under 
environmentally benign and geographically 
diverse conditions to assess viability and 
robustness; and 
‘‘(iii) developing quantitative models 
informed by experimentation to predict how 
bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse 
conditions. 
‘‘(C) 
Research 
activities 
to 
improve 
lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation 
methods, including— 
‘‘(i) 
developing 
feedstock-agnostic 
deconstruction processes capable of effi-
ciently fractionating biomass into targeted 
output streams; 
‘‘(ii) gaining a detailed understanding 
of plant cell wall biosynthesis, composition, 
VerDate Sep 11 2014 
00:46 Jun 29, 2021
Jkt 019200
PO 00000
Frm 00028
Fmt 6652
Sfmt 6203
E:\BILLS\H3593.RH
H3593
pamtmann on DSKBC07HB2PROD with BILLS