I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4518 
To amend the Controlled Substances Act to require electronic communication 
service providers and remote computing services to report to the Attorney 
General certain controlled substances violations. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 17, 2025 
Mrs. MILLER-MEEKS (for herself, Ms. CRAIG, Mr. CRENSHAW, Ms. SCHRIER, 
Mr. MCDOWELL, Mr. DAVIS of North Carolina, Mr. SCHMIDT, Mr. 
SUOZZI, and Mr. VAN DREW) introduced the following bill; which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to 
the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently deter-
mined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions 
as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend the Controlled Substances Act to require electronic 
communication service providers and remote computing 
services to report to the Attorney General certain con-
trolled substances violations. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cooper Davis and 
Devin Norring Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF ELECTRONIC COM-
MUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS AND RE-
MOTE COMPUTING SERVICES FOR CERTAIN 
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES VIOLATIONS. 
(a) AMENDMENTS
TO CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES 
ACT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Part E of the Controlled 
Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 871 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 521. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF ELECTRONIC 
COMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS AND 
REMOTE COMPUTING SERVICES FOR CER-
TAIN 
CONTROLLED 
SUBSTANCES 
VIOLA-
TIONS. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘electronic communication service’ 
has the meaning given that term in section 2510 of 
title 18, United States Code; 
‘‘(2) the term ‘electronic mail address’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 3 of the CAN– 
SPAM Act of 2003 (15 U.S.C. 7702); 
‘‘(3) the term ‘Internet’ has the meaning given 
that term in section 1101(d)(3) of the Internet Tax 
Freedom Act (47 U.S.C. 151 note); 
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‘‘(4) the term ‘provider’ means an electronic 
communication service provider or remote computing 
service; 
‘‘(5) the term ‘remote computing service’ has 
the meaning given that term in section 2711 of title 
18, United States Code; and 
‘‘(6) the term ‘website’ means any collection of 
material placed in a computer server-based file ar-
chive so that it is publicly accessible, over the Inter-
net, using hypertext transfer protocol or any suc-
cessor protocol. 
‘‘(b) DUTY TO REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) GENERAL DUTY.—In order to reduce the 
proliferation of the unlawful sale, distribution, or 
manufacture (as applicable) of counterfeit sub-
stances and certain controlled substances, a provider 
shall, as soon as reasonably possible after obtaining 
actual knowledge of any facts or circumstances de-
scribed in paragraph (2), and in any event not later 
than 60 days after obtaining such knowledge, submit 
to the Attorney General a report containing— 
‘‘(A) the mailing address, telephone num-
ber, facsimile number, and electronic mailing 
address of, and individual point of contact for, 
such provider; 
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‘‘(B) information described in subsection 
(c) concerning such facts or circumstances; and 
‘‘(C) for purposes of subsection (j), infor-
mation indicating whether the facts or cir-
cumstances were discovered through content 
moderation conducted by a human or via a non- 
human method, including use of an algorithm, 
machine learning, or other means. 
‘‘(2) FACTS OR CIRCUMSTANCES.—The facts or 
circumstances described in this paragraph are any 
facts or circumstances establishing that a crime is 
being or has already been committed involving— 
‘‘(A) creating, manufacturing, distributing, 
dispensing, or possession with intent to manu-
facture, distribute, or dispense— 
‘‘(i) fentanyl; or 
‘‘(ii) methamphetamine; 
‘‘(B) creating, manufacturing, distributing, 
dispensing, or possession with intent to manu-
facture, distribute, or dispense a counterfeit 
substance, including a counterfeit substance 
purporting to be a prescription drug; or 
‘‘(C) creating, manufacturing, distributing, 
dispensing, or possession with intent to manu-
facture, distribute, or dispense an actual or 
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purported prescription pain medication or pre-
scription stimulant by any individual or entity 
that is not authorized, which includes an indi-
vidual or entity that falsely claims to be a prac-
titioner. 
‘‘(3) PERMITTED ACTIONS BASED ON REASON-
ABLE BELIEF.—In order to reduce the proliferation 
of the unlawful sale, distribution, or manufacture 
(as applicable) of counterfeit substances and certain 
controlled substances, if a provider has a reasonable 
belief that facts or circumstances described in para-
graph (2) exist, the provider may submit to the At-
torney General a report described in paragraph (1). 
‘‘(c) CONTENTS OF REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—To the extent the informa-
tion is within the custody or control of a provider, 
the facts or circumstances included in each report 
under subsection (b)(1)— 
‘‘(A) shall include, to the extent that it is 
applicable and reasonably available, information 
relating to the account involved in the commis-
sion of a crime described in subsection (b)(2), 
such as the name, address, electronic mail ad-
dress, user or account identification, Internet 
Protocol address, uniform resource locator, 
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screen names or monikers for the account used 
or any other accounts associated with the ac-
count user, or any other identifying informa-
tion, including self-reported identifying informa-
tion, but not including the contents of a wire 
communication or electronic communication, as 
those terms are defined in section 2510 of title 
18, United States Code, except as provided in 
subparagraph (B) of this paragraph; and 
‘‘(B) may, at the sole discretion of the pro-
vider, include the information described in para-
graph (2) of this subsection. 
‘‘(2) OTHER
INFORMATION.—The information 
referred to in paragraph (1)(B) is the following: 
‘‘(A) HISTORICAL REFERENCE.—Informa-
tion relating to when and how a user, sub-
scriber, or customer of a provider uploaded, 
transmitted, or received content relating to the 
report or when and how content relating to the 
report was reported to or discovered by the pro-
vider, including a date and time stamp and 
time zone. 
‘‘(B) GEOGRAPHIC
LOCATION
INFORMA-
TION.—Information relating to the geographic 
location of the involved individual or website, 
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which may include the Internet Protocol ad-
dress or verified address, or, if not reasonably 
available, at least one form of geographic iden-
tifying information, including area code or ZIP 
Code, provided by the user, subscriber, or cus-
tomer, or stored or obtained by the provider, 
and any information as to whether a virtual pri-
vate network was used. 
‘‘(C) DATA RELATING TO FACTS OR CIR-
CUMSTANCES.—Any data, including symbols, 
photos, video, icons, or direct messages, relating 
to activity involving the facts or circumstances 
described in subsection (b)(2) or other content 
relating to the crime. 
‘‘(D) COMPLETE
COMMUNICATION.—The 
complete communication containing the infor-
mation of the crime described in subsection 
(b)(2), including— 
‘‘(i) any data or information regard-
ing the transmission of the communication; 
and 
‘‘(ii) any data or other digital files 
contained in, or attached to, the commu-
nication. 
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‘‘(3) USER, SUBSCRIBER, OR CUSTOMER SUB-
MITTED REPORTS.—In the case of a report under 
subsection (b)(3), the provider may, at its sole dis-
cretion, include in the report information submitted 
to the provider by a user, subscriber, or customer al-
leging facts or circumstances described in subsection 
(b)(2) if the provider, upon review, has a reasonable 
belief that the alleged facts or circumstances exist. 
‘‘(d) HANDLING OF REPORTS.—Upon receipt of a re-
port submitted under subsection (b), the Attorney Gen-
eral— 
‘‘(1) shall conduct a preliminary review of such 
report; and 
‘‘(2) after completing the preliminary review, 
shall— 
‘‘(A) conduct further investigation of the 
report, which may include making the report 
available to other Federal, State, or local law 
enforcement agencies involved in the investiga-
tion of crimes described in subsection (b)(2), if 
the Attorney General determines that the report 
facially contains sufficient information to war-
rant and permit further investigation; or 
‘‘(B) conclude that no further investigative 
steps are warranted or possible, or that insuffi-
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cient evidence exists to make a determination, 
and close the report. 
‘‘(e) ATTORNEY GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall 
enforce this section. 
‘‘(2) DESIGNATION OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 
The Attorney General may designate a Federal law 
enforcement agency or agencies to which the Attor-
ney General may forward a report under subsection 
(d). 
‘‘(3) DATA
MINIMIZATION
REQUIREMENTS.— 
The Attorney General shall take reasonable meas-
ures to— 
‘‘(A) limit the storage of a report sub-
mitted under subsection (b) and its contents to 
the amount that is necessary to carry out the 
investigation of crimes described in subsection 
(b)(2); and 
‘‘(B) store a report submitted under sub-
section (b) and its contents only as long as is 
reasonably necessary to carry out an investiga-
tion of crimes described in subsection (b)(2) or 
make the report available to other agencies 
under subsection (d)(2)(A), after which time 
the report and its contents shall be deleted un-
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less the preservation of a report has future evi-
dentiary value. 
‘‘(f) FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) CRIMINAL PENALTY.— 
‘‘(A) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for a 
provider to knowingly fail to submit a report re-
quired under subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(B) PENALTY.—A provider that violates 
subparagraph (A) shall be fined— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an initial violation, 
not more than $190,000; and 
‘‘(ii) in the case of any second or sub-
sequent violation, not more than $380,000. 
‘‘(2) CIVIL PENALTY.—In addition to any other 
available civil or criminal penalty, a provider shall be 
liable to the United States Government for a civil 
penalty in an amount not less than $50,000 and not 
more than $100,000 if the provider knowingly sub-
mits a report under subsection (b) that— 
‘‘(A) contains materially false or fraudu-
lent information; or 
‘‘(B) omits information described in sub-
section (c)(1)(A) that is reasonably available. 
‘‘(g) PROTECTION OF PRIVACY.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to— 
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‘‘(1) require a provider to monitor any user, 
subscriber, or customer of that provider; 
‘‘(2) require a provider to monitor the content 
of any communication of any person described in 
paragraph (1); 
‘‘(3) require a provider to affirmatively search, 
screen, or scan for facts or circumstances described 
in subsection (b)(2); 
‘‘(4) permit actual knowledge to be proven 
based solely on a provider’s decision not to engage 
in additional verification or investigation to discover 
facts and circumstances that are not readily appar-
ent, so long as the provider does not deliberately 
blind itself to those violations; or 
‘‘(5) prohibit a provider from using end-to-end 
encryption or require a provider to decrypt 
encrypted communications. 
‘‘(h) CONDITIONS OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION 
CONTAINED WITHIN REPORT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), a law enforcement agency that receives a 
report under subsection (d) shall not disclose any in-
formation contained in that report. 
‘‘(2) PERMITTED
DISCLOSURES
BY
LAW
EN-
FORCEMENT.—A law enforcement agency may dis-
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close information in a report received under sub-
section (d)— 
‘‘(A) to an attorney for the government for 
use in the performance of the official duties of 
that attorney, including providing discovery to a 
defendant; 
‘‘(B) to such officers and employees of that 
law enforcement agency, as may be necessary in 
the performance of their investigative and rec-
ordkeeping functions; 
‘‘(C) to such other government personnel 
(including personnel of a State or subdivision of 
a State) as are determined to be necessary by 
an attorney for the government to assist the at-
torney in the performance of the official duties 
of the attorney in enforcing Federal criminal 
law; 
‘‘(D) if the report discloses an apparent 
violation of State criminal law, to an appro-
priate official of a State or subdivision of a 
State for the purpose of enforcing such State 
law; 
‘‘(E) to a defendant in a criminal case or 
the attorney for that defendant to the extent 
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the information relates to a criminal charge 
pending against that defendant; 
‘‘(F) to a provider if necessary to facilitate 
response to legal process issued in connection to 
a criminal investigation, prosecution, or post- 
conviction remedy relating to that report; 
‘‘(G) as ordered by a court upon a showing 
of good cause and pursuant to any protective 
orders or other conditions that the court may 
impose; and 
‘‘(H) in order to facilitate the enforcement 
of the penalties authorized under subsection (f). 
‘‘(i) PRESERVATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) 
REQUEST
TO
PRESERVE
CON-
TENTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 
(ii), for the purposes of this section, a com-
pleted submission by a provider of a report 
to the Attorney General under subsection 
(b)(1) shall be treated as a request to pre-
serve the contents provided in the report, 
and any data or other digital files that are 
reasonably accessible and may provide con-
text or additional information about the re-
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ported material or person, for 90 days 
after the submission to the Attorney Gen-
eral. 
‘‘(ii) LIMITATIONS ON EXTENSION OF 
PRESERVATION PERIOD.— 
‘‘(I) STORED
COMMUNICATIONS 
ACT.—The Attorney General may not 
submit a request to a provider to con-
tinue preservation of the contents of a 
report or other data described in 
clause (i) under section 2703(f) of 
title 18, United States Code, beyond 
the required period of preservation 
under clause (i) of this subparagraph 
unless the Attorney General has an 
active or pending investigation involv-
ing the user, subscriber, or customer 
account at issue in the report. 
‘‘(II) 
RULE
OF
CONSTRUC-
TION.—Nothing in subclause (I) shall 
preclude another Federal, State, or 
local law enforcement agency from 
seeking continued preservation of the 
contents of a report or other data de-
scribed in clause (i) under section 
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2703(f) of title 18, United States 
Code. 
‘‘(B) NOTIFICATION TO USER.—A provider 
may not notify a user, subscriber, or customer 
of the provider of a preservation request de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) unless— 
‘‘(i) the provider has notified the At-
torney General of its intent to provide that 
notice; and 
‘‘(ii) 45 business days have elapsed 
since the notification under clause (i). 
‘‘(2) 
PROTECTION
OF
PRESERVED
MATE-
RIALS.—A provider preserving materials under this 
section shall maintain the materials in a secure loca-
tion and take appropriate steps to limit access to the 
materials by agents or employees of the provider to 
that access necessary to comply with the require-
ments of this subsection. 
‘‘(3) AUTHORITIES
AND
DUTIES
NOT
AF-
FECTED.—Nothing in this section shall be construed 
as replacing, amending, or otherwise interfering with 
the authorities and duties under section 2703 of title 
18, United States Code. 
‘‘(4) RELATION
TO
REPORTING
REQUIRE-
MENT.—Submission of a report as required by sub-
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section (b)(1) does not satisfy the obligations under 
this subsection. 
‘‘(j) ANNUAL REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of the Cooper Davis and Devin 
Norring Act, and annually thereafter, the Attorney Gen-
eral shall publish a report that includes, for the reporting 
period— 
‘‘(1) the total number of reports received from 
providers under subsection (b)(1); 
‘‘(2) the number of reports received under sub-
section (b)(1) disaggregated by— 
‘‘(A) the provider on whose electronic com-
munication service or remote computing service 
the crime for which there are facts or cir-
cumstances occurred; and 
‘‘(B) the subsidiary of a provider, if any, 
on whose electronic communication service or 
remote computing service the crime for which 
there are facts or circumstances occurred; 
‘‘(3) the number of reports received under sub-
section (b)(1) that led to convictions in cases inves-
tigated by the Attorney General; 
‘‘(4) the number of reports received under sub-
section (b)(1) that lacked actionable information; 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—No Federal, Tribal, State, 
or local law enforcement officer acting in an official 
capacity may submit a report to a provider or ar-
range for another individual to submit a report to a 
provider on behalf of the officer under this section. 
‘‘(2) REMEDY FOR VIOLATION.—No part of the 
contents of a provider’s report made under sub-
section (b)(1) or (b)(3) and no evidence derived 
therefrom may be received in evidence in any trial, 
hearing, or other proceeding in or before any court, 
department, officer, agency, regulatory body, legisla-
tive committee, or other authority of the United 
States, a State, or a political subdivision thereof if 
that provider report resulted from an action prohib-
ited by paragraph (1) of this subsection. 
‘‘(l) EXEMPTION FOR PROVIDERS OF BROADBAND 
INTERNET
ACCESS
SERVICE
AND
TEXT
MESSAGING 
SERVICE.—Subsections (b) through (k) shall not apply to 
a provider of— 
‘‘(1) broadband internet access service, as that 
term is defined in section 8.1(b) of title 47, Code of 
Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation), 
insofar as the provider is acting as a provider of 
such service; or 
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‘‘(2) text messaging service, as that term is de-
fined in section 227(e)(8) of title 47, United States 
Code, insofar as the provider is acting as a provider 
of such service.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING
AMEND-
MENT.—The table of contents for the Comprehensive 
Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 
(Public Law 91–513; 84 Stat. 1236) is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 520 the 
following: 
‘‘Sec. 521. Reporting requirements of electronic communication service pro-
viders and remote computing services for certain controlled 
substances violations.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO STORED COMMU-
NICATIONS ACT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 2702 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘or’’ 
at the end; 
(ii) in paragraph (9), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(10) to the Attorney General, in connection 
with a report submitted thereto under section 521 of 
the Controlled Substances Act.’’; and 
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(B) in subsection (c)— 
(i) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘or’’ 
at the end; 
(ii) in paragraph (7), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(8) to the Attorney General, in connection 
with a report submitted thereto under section 521 of 
the Controlled Substances Act.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Paragraph (7) 
of section 2702(b) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘(7) to a law enforcement agency if the con-
tents— 
‘‘(A) were inadvertently obtained by the 
service provider; and 
‘‘(B) appear to pertain to the commission 
of a crime;’’. 
SEC. 3. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by 
this Act, or the application of such a provision or amend-
ment to any person or circumstance, is held to be uncon-
stitutional, the remaining provisions of this Act and 
amendments made by this Act, and the application of such 
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provision or amendment to any other person or cir-
cumstance, shall not be affected thereby. 
Æ 
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