IA 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. J. RES. 23 
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing 
that the Senate is made more representative by adding twelve Senators 
to be elected nationwide through ranked choice voting, and providing 
for twelve Electors at-large for President and Vice President, who shall 
cast their ballots for the respective winners of the national popular 
vote. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JANUARY 31, 2023 
Mr. CASTEN (for himself and Mr. BLUMENAUER) submitted the following joint 
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 
JOINT RESOLUTION 
Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United 
States providing that the Senate is made more represent-
ative by adding twelve Senators to be elected nationwide 
through ranked choice voting, and providing for twelve 
Electors at-large for President and Vice President, who 
shall cast their ballots for the respective winners of the 
national popular vote. 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the United States of America in Congress assembled
(two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the fol-
lowing article is proposed as an amendment to the Con-
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stitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all 
intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when 
ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States: 
‘‘ARTICLE — 
‘‘SECTION 1. In addition to the Senators from each 
of the several States, the Senate of the United States shall 
be composed of twelve Senators at-large, who shall be 
elected by the People of the United States for six years, 
and each Senator at-large shall have one vote. Senators 
at-large shall meet the same age and citizenship require-
ments as the Senators from each of the several States. 
‘‘SECTION 2. Senators at-large shall be elected using 
a nationwide system of ranked choice voting, under which 
each eligible elector may rank the candidates for office in 
the order of the elector’s preference. Each elector’s rank-
ing shall hold equal weight in the determination of winning 
candidates. Seats of the Senators at-large shall be divided 
equally among the three Classes of Senate seats, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year. Except as pro-
vided in section four of this article, all candidates shall 
appear on a single ballot, with the number of winning can-
didates being equal to the number of seats of Senators 
at-large then up for election. The first election of Senators 
at-large shall occur no later than the second regularly 
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scheduled general election for Federal office following the 
date of the ratification of this article. 
‘‘SECTION 3. An eligible elector shall include any 
United States citizen who is eighteen years of age or older; 
who has registered to vote by the deadline of the citizen’s 
State of residence; and who otherwise meets the eligibility 
requirements, as set by the citizen’s State of residence, 
for voting in a general election for Federal office. 
‘‘SECTION 4. Within thirty days of the seat of a Sen-
ator at-large becoming vacant, the President shall fill the 
vacancy by appointing a Senator at-large of the same po-
litical party as the departing incumbent. If the seat is not 
up for election at the next regularly scheduled general 
election for Federal office, a special election shall be held 
to determine who shall serve the remainder of the term. 
Such special election shall coincide with the next regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office, and can-
didates for the seat shall appear on a ballot separate from 
that of the other seats of Senators at-large then up for 
election. 
‘‘SECTION 5. The election of Senators at-large shall 
be administered by each of the several States. Each State 
shall submit all ballots cast within its jurisdiction to such 
Federal entity as Congress shall by law provide, which 
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shall collect and count the ballots and announce the win-
ners. 
‘‘SECTION 6. References in this article to the States 
and the electors thereof shall apply in the same manner 
to United States territories and the electors thereof and 
to the District constituting the seat of Government of the 
United States and the electors thereof. 
‘‘SECTION 7. In addition to the Electors for President 
and Vice President appointed by each of the several 
States, there shall be twelve Electors at-large, who shall 
be appointed in such manner as Congress shall by law pro-
vide. Electors at-large shall hold the same powers and du-
ties of Electors for President and Vice President, except 
that Electors at-large shall meet in the District consti-
tuting the seat of Government of the United States, where 
they shall cast their ballots for the presidential and vice- 
presidential candidates having received the greatest num-
ber of votes cast by citizens of the United States. Electors 
at-large shall be included in determining the whole number 
of Electors appointed for the purposes of the twelfth arti-
cle of amendment. 
‘‘SECTION 8. Congress shall have power to enforce 
this article by appropriate legislation, including by pro-
viding for the procedures under which the nationwide sys-
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tem of ranked choice voting, required by section two, shall 
be conducted.’’. 
Æ 
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