IB 
Union Calendar No. 474 
118TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 8534 
[Report No. 118–573] 
To prohibit a student athlete from being considered an employee of an 
institution, a conference, or an association based on participation in 
certain intercollegiate athletics. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 23, 2024 
Mr. GOOD of Virginia (for himself, Ms. FOXX, Mr. OWENS, Mr. BURLISON, 
Mr. OGLES, Mr. WALBERG, Mr. ALLEN, Mr. KELLY of Pennsylvania, Mr. 
LAMALFA, Mrs. MILLER of Illinois, and Mr. ADERHOLT) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Education and the 
Workforce 
JULY 5, 2024 
Reported with an amendment, committed to the Committee of the Whole 
House on the State of the Union, and ordered to be printed 
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic] 
[For text of introduced bill, see copy of bill as introduced on May 23, 2024] 
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A BILL 
To prohibit a student athlete from being considered an em-
ployee of an institution, a conference, or an association 
based on participation in certain intercollegiate athletics. 
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Protecting Student Ath-
letes’ Economic Freedom Act of 2024’’. 
SEC. 2. EMPLOYMENT STANDINGS. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal or 
State law, a student athlete (or former student athlete) may 
not be considered an employee of an institution, a con-
ference, or an association under any Federal or State law 
or regulation based on participation of the student athlete 
(or former student athlete) in a varsity intercollegiate ath-
letics program or a varsity intercollegiate athletics competi-
tion, or the existence of rules or requirements for being a 
member of any varsity sports team. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) 
ASSOCIATION.—The 
term 
‘‘association’’ 
means an organization that— 
(A) has multiple conferences and institu-
tions as members; 
(B) arranges championships for varsity 
intercollegiate athletics programs; 
(C) sets rules for varsity intercollegiate ath-
letics programs; 
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(D) sets rules for varsity intercollegiate ath-
letics competitions; and 
(E) is not a conference. 
(2) CONFERENCE.—The term ‘‘conference’’ means 
an organization that— 
(A) has multiple institutions as members; 
(B) sets rules for varsity intercollegiate ath-
letics competitions; 
(C) arranges championships for varsity 
intercollegiate athletics programs; and 
(D) is not an association. 
(3) INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘institution’’ means 
an institution of higher education (as defined in sec-
tion 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001)) that sponsors a varsity intercollegiate 
athletics program in the United States. 
(4) STUDENT ATHLETE.—The term ‘‘student ath-
lete’’ means an individual who participates in a var-
sity intercollegiate athletics program. 
(5) VARSITY INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS COM-
PETITION.—The term ‘‘varsity intercollegiate athletics 
competition’’ means a competition involving 2 or 
more varsity intercollegiate athletics programs spon-
sored by different institutions. 
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