drawals that create water stress, or local noise im-
pacts; 
(6) the positive environmental impacts associ-
ated with applications of artificial intelligence, which 
may include optimizing systems for energy effi-
ciency, developing renewable energy, advancing plan-
etary systems research, enabling discovery of new 
materials, and automatically monitoring environ-
mental changes; 
(7) the negative environmental impacts associ-
ated with applications of artificial intelligence, which 
may include rebound effects, behavioral impacts, and 
accelerating high-pollution activities; 
(8) disparate impacts in the negative environ-
mental impacts of artificial intelligence; 
(9) other environmental impacts, as determined 
by the Administrator of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency; and 
(10) the results of the updated data center 
study carried out under section 453(e)(2) of the En-
ergy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 
U.S.C. 17112(e)(2)). 
(c) PUBLIC COMMENT REQUIRED.—In conducting 
the study required under subsection (a), the Administrator 
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of the Environmental Protection Agency shall solicit and 
consider public comments. 
SEC. 5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENVIRONMENTAL IM-
PACTS CONSORTIUM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, the Secretary of Energy, and such others as the 
Director considers appropriate, convene a consortium of 
stakeholders, including members from academia, civil soci-
ety, and industry, to identify the future measurements, 
methodologies, standards, and other appropriate needs, in 
order to measure and report the full range of environ-
mental impacts of artificial intelligence. 
(b) LOCATION.—The Director may determine the lo-
cation of the consortium within the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology. 
(c) GOALS.—The goals of the consortium shall in-
clude the following: 
(1) Facilitating consistent, comparable report-
ing on the environmental impacts of the full lifecycle 
of artificial intelligence models, systems, and hard-
ware. 
(2) According to technical feasibility, the devel-
opment or cataloging of open source software and 
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hardware tools and other resources designed to fa-
cilitate the measurement of environmental impacts 
of artificial intelligence models, systems, and hard-
ware. 
(3) Providing recommendations on how to miti-
gate the negative, and promote the positive, environ-
mental impacts of artificial intelligence. 
SEC. 6. REPORTING SYSTEM FOR VOLUNTARY REPORTING 
OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ARTIFI-
CIAL INTELLIGENCE. 
(a) VOLUNTARY REPORTING SYSTEM.—The Director 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
shall, in consultation with the Administrator of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, 
the consortium convened under section 5, and such others 
as the Director considers appropriate, develop a system 
for voluntary reporting by voluntary reporting entities of 
the full range of environmental impacts of artificial intel-
ligence. 
(b) GUIDELINES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall develop 
guidelines for voluntary reporting entities on how to 
participate in the voluntary reporting system devel-
oped under subsection (a). Such guidelines may in-
clude guidelines on how to calculate and report en-
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ergy consumption, water consumption, pollution, and 
electronic-waste associated with the full lifecycle of 
artificial intelligence models and hardware, as well 
as other positive and negative impacts of artificial 
intelligence use, as determined by the Director. 
(2) PUBLIC COMMENTS.—Before finalizing the 
guidelines under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
solicit comments from the public on a draft version 
of the guidelines. 
(c) AVAILABILITY.—The Director shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable and with consideration to privi-
leged business information, make submissions to the vol-
untary reporting system under subsection (a) available on 
a public website. 
SEC. 7. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 
Not later than 4 years after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental 
Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, and the Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology shall jointly submit to Congress a report detailing 
the following: 
(1) The main findings of the consortium con-
vened under section 5. 
(2) A description of the reporting system cre-
ated under section 6. 
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(3) Recommendations for legislative or adminis-
trative action to mitigate the negative and promote 
the positive environmental impacts of artificial intel-
ligence. 
Æ 
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