(E) such other information as the Attorney 
General may require. 
(2) ATTORNEY GENERAL.—Not later than one 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter, the Attorney General shall sub-
mit to Congress a report, based on the reports sub-
mitted under paragraph (1), identifying the best 
practices of grant recipients under this section for 
responding to gang-related issues, and important re-
search relating to such best practices and issues. 
The Attorney General shall make such report pub-
licly available. 
(e) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘units of 
local government’’ includes sheriffs departments, police 
departments, and local prosecutor offices. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated for grants under this 
section $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2012. 
SEC. 303. ENHANCEMENT OF PROJECT SAFE NEIGHBOR-
HOODS INITIATIVE TO IMPROVE ENFORCE-
MENT OF CRIMINAL LAWS AGAINST VIOLENT 
GANGS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—While maintaining the focus of 
Project Safe Neighborhoods as a comprehensive, strategic 
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approach to reducing gun violence in America, the Attor-
ney General is authorized to expand the Project Safe 
Neighborhoods program to require each United States at-
torney to— 
(1) identify, investigate, and prosecute signifi-
cant criminal street gangs operating within their dis-
trict; and 
(2) coordinate the identification, investigation, 
and prosecution of criminal street gangs among Fed-
eral, State, and local law enforcement agencies. 
(b) ADDITIONAL STAFF FOR PROJECT SAFE NEIGH-
BORHOODS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General may 
hire Assistant United States attorneys, non-attorney 
coordinators, or paralegals to carry out the provi-
sions of this section. 
(2) ENFORCEMENT.—The Attorney General 
may hire Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and 
Explosives agents for, and otherwise expend addi-
tional resources in support of, the Project Safe 
Neighborhoods/Firearms Violence Reduction pro-
gram. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each 
of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this 
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section. Any funds made available under this paragraph 
shall remain available until expended. 
SEC. 304. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES NEEDED BY THE FED-
ERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION TO INVES-
TIGATE AND PROSECUTE VIOLENT CRIMINAL 
STREET GANGS. 
(a) EXPANSION OF SAFE STREETS PROGRAM.—The 
Attorney General is authorized to expand the Safe Streets 
Program of the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the 
purpose of supporting criminal street gang enforcement 
teams. 
(b) NATIONAL GANG ACTIVITY DATABASE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General shall 
establish a National Gang Activity Database to be 
housed at and administered by the Department of 
Justice. 
(2) DESCRIPTION.—The database required by 
paragraph (1) shall— 
(A) be designed to disseminate gang infor-
mation to law enforcement agencies throughout 
the country and, subject to appropriate con-
trols, to disseminate aggregate statistical infor-
mation to other members of the criminal justice 
system, community leaders, academics, and the 
public; 
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(B) contain critical information on gangs, 
gang members, firearms, criminal activities, ve-
hicles, and other information useful for inves-
tigators in solving and reducing gang-related 
crimes; 
(C) operate in a manner that enables law 
enforcement agencies to— 
(i) identify gang members involved in 
crimes; 
(ii) track the movement of gangs and 
members throughout the region; 
(iii) coordinate law enforcement re-
sponse to gang violence; 
(iv) enhance officer safety; 
(v) provide realistic, up-to-date figures 
and statistical data on gang crime and vio-
lence; 
(vi) forecast trends and respond ac-
cordingly; and 
(vii) more easily solve crimes and pre-
vent violence; and 
(D) be subject to guidelines, issued by the 
Attorney General, specifying the criteria for 
adding information to the database, the appro-
priate period for retention of such information, 
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and a process for removing individuals from the 
database, and prohibiting disseminating gang 
information to any entity that is not a law en-
forcement agency, except aggregate statistical 
information where appropriate. 
(3) USE
OF
RISS
SECURE
INTRANET.—From 
amounts made available to carry out this section, the 
Attorney General shall provide the Regional Infor-
mation Sharing Systems such sums as are necessary 
to use the secure intranet known as RISSNET to 
electronically connect existing gang information sys-
tems (including the RISSGang National Gang Data-
base) with the National Gang Activity Database, 
thereby facilitating the automated information ex-
change of existing gang data by all connected sys-
tems without the need for additional databases or 
data replication. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to amounts oth-
erwise authorized, there are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Attorney General $10,000,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry 
out this section. 
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(2) AVAILABILITY.—Any amounts appropriated 
under paragraph (1) shall remain available until ex-
pended. 
SEC. 305. GRANTS TO PROSECUTORS AND LAW ENFORCE-
MENT TO COMBAT VIOLENT CRIME. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 31702 of the Violent 
Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 
U.S.C. 13862) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) to hire additional prosecutors to— 
‘‘(A) allow more cases to be prosecuted; 
and 
‘‘(B) reduce backlogs; and 
‘‘(6) to fund technology, equipment, and train-
ing for prosecutors and law enforcement in order to 
increase accurate identification of gang members 
and violent offenders, and to maintain databases 
with such information to facilitate coordination 
among law enforcement and prosecutors.’’. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 
31707 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement 
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Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13867) is amended to read as 
follows: 
‘‘SEC. 31707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘There 
are 
authorized 
to 
be 
appropriated 
$20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 
2012 to carry out this subtitle.’’. 
SEC. 306. SHORT-TERM STATE WITNESS PROTECTION SEC-
TION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 37 of title 28, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘§ 570. Short-Term State Witness Protection Section 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the 
United States Marshals Service a Short-Term State Wit-
ness Protection Section which shall provide protection for 
witnesses in State and local trials involving homicide or 
other major violent crimes pursuant to cooperative agree-
ments with State and local criminal prosecutor’s offices 
and the United States attorney for the District of Colum-
bia. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Short-Term State Wit-
ness Protection Section shall give priority in award-
ing grants and providing services to— 
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‘‘(A) criminal prosecutor’s offices for 
States with an average of not less than 100 
murders per year; and 
‘‘(B) criminal prosecutor’s offices for juris-
dictions that include a city, town, or township 
with an average violent crime rate per 100,000 
inhabitants that is above the national average. 
‘‘(2) CALCULATION.—The rate of murders and 
violent crime under paragraph (1) shall be calculated 
using the latest available crime statistics from the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation during the 5-year 
period immediately preceding an application for pro-
tection.’’. 
(2) CHAPTER ANALYSIS.—The chapter analysis 
for chapter 37 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended by striking the items relating to sections 
570 through 576 and inserting the following: 
‘‘570. Short-Term State Witness Protection Section.’’. 
(b) GRANT PROGRAM.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection— 
(A) the term ‘‘eligible prosecutor’s office’’ 
means a State or local criminal prosecutor’s of-
fice or the United States attorney for the Dis-
trict of Columbia; and 
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(B) the term ‘‘serious violent felony’’ has 
the same meaning as in section 3559(c)(2) of 
title 18, United States Code. 
(2) GRANTS AUTHORIZED.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General 
is authorized to make grants to eligible prosecu-
tor’s offices for purposes of identifying wit-
nesses in need of protection or providing short 
term protection to witnesses in trials involving 
homicide or serious violent felony. 
(B) ALLOCATION.—Each eligible prosecu-
tor’s office receiving a grant under this sub-
section may— 
(i) use the grant to identify witnesses 
in need of protection or provide witness 
protection (including tattoo removal serv-
ices); or 
(ii) pursuant to a cooperative agree-
ment with the Short-Term State Witness 
Protection Section of the United States 
Marshals Service, credit the grant to the 
Short-Term State Witness Protection Sec-
tion to cover the costs to the section of 
providing witness protection on behalf of 
the eligible prosecutor’s office. 
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(3) APPLICATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Each eligible prosecu-
tor’s office desiring a grant under this sub-
section shall submit an application to the Attor-
ney General at such time, in such manner, and 
accompanied by such information as the Attor-
ney General may reasonably require. 
(B) CONTENTS.—Each application sub-
mitted under subparagraph (A) shall— 
(i) describe the activities for which as-
sistance under this subsection is sought; 
and 
(ii) provide such additional assurances 
as the Attorney General determines to be 
essential to ensure compliance with the re-
quirements of this subsection. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2010. 
SEC. 307. WITNESS PROTECTION SERVICES. 
Section 3526 of title 18, United States Code (Co-
operation of other Federal agencies and State govern-
ments; reimbursement of expenses) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
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‘‘(c) In any case in which a State government re-
quests the Attorney General to provide temporary protec-
tion under section 3521(e) of this title, the costs of pro-
viding temporary protection are not reimbursable if the 
investigation or prosecution in any way relates to crimes 
of violence committed by a criminal street gang, as defined 
under the laws of the relevant State seeking assistance 
under this title.’’. 
SEC. 308. EXPANSION OF FEDERAL WITNESS RELOCATION 
AND PROTECTION PROGRAM. 
Section 3521(a)(1) of title 18 is amended by inserting 
‘‘, criminal street gang, serious drug offense, homicide,’’ 
after ‘‘organized criminal activity’’. 
SEC. 309. FAMILY ABDUCTION PREVENTION GRANT PRO-
GRAM. 
(a) STATE GRANTS.—The Attorney General is au-
thorized to make grants to States for projects involving— 
(1) the extradition of individuals suspected of 
committing a family abduction; 
(2) the investigation by State and local law en-
forcement agencies of family abduction cases; 
(3) the training of State and local law enforce-
ment agencies in responding to family abductions 
and recovering abducted children, including the de-
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velopment of written guidelines and technical assist-
ance; 
(4) outreach and media campaigns to educate 
parents on the dangers of family abductions; and 
(5) the flagging of school records. 
(b) MATCHING REQUIREMENT.—Not less than 50 
percent of the cost of a project for which a grant is made 
under this section shall be provided by non-Federal 
sources. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) FAMILY
ABDUCTION.—-The term ‘‘family 
abduction’’ means the taking, keeping, or concealing 
of a child or children by a parent, other family mem-
ber, or person acting on behalf of the parent or fam-
ily member, that prevents another individual from 
exercising lawful custody or visitation rights. 
(2) FLAGGING.—The term ‘‘flagging’’ means 
the process of notifying law enforcement authorities 
of the name and address of any person requesting 
the school records of an abducted child. 
(3) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the several States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth 
of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, 
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Guam, the Virgin Islands, any territory or posses-
sion of the United States, and any Indian tribe. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
$500,000 for fiscal year 2008 and such sums as may be 
necessary for each of fiscal years 2009 and 2010. 
SEC. 310. STUDY ON ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND 
SENTENCES IN THE FEDERAL SYSTEM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States Sentencing 
Commission shall conduct a study to examine the appro-
priateness of sentences for minors in the Federal system. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The study conducted under sub-
section (a) shall— 
(1) incorporate the most recent research and 
expertise in the field of adolescent brain development 
and culpability; 
(2) evaluate the toll of juvenile crime, particu-
larly violent juvenile crime, on communities; 
(3) consider the appropriateness of life sen-
tences without possibility for parole for minor of-
fenders in the Federal system; and 
(4) evaluate issues of recidivism by juveniles 
who are released from prison or detention after serv-
ing determinate sentences. 
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(c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the United States Sentencing 
Commission shall submit to Congress a report regarding 
the study conducted under subsection (a), which shall— 
(1) include the findings of the Commission; 
(2) describe significant cases reviewed as part 
of the study; and 
(3) make recommendations, if any. 
(d) REVISION OF GUIDELINES.—If determined ap-
propriate by the United States Sentencing Commission, 
after completing the study under subsection (a) the Com-
mission may, pursuant to its authority under section 994 
of title 28, United States Code, establish or revise guide-
lines and policy statements, as warranted, relating to the 
sentencing of minors under this Act or the amendments 
made by this Act. 
TITLE 
IV—RESOURCES 
TO 
STRENGTHEN 
EMPLOYMENT 
AND EDUCATION OPPORTUNI-
TIES FOR FORMER OFFEND-
ERS 
SEC. 401. GRANTS TO ASSIST JUVENILE OFFENDER RE-
INTEGRATION PROJECTS. 
(a) AUTHORITY TO MAKE GRANTS FOR JUVENILE 
OFFENDER REINTEGRATION PROJECTS.—From amounts 
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made available to carry out this section, the Secretary of 
Labor, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall 
make grants to carry out juvenile offender reintegration 
projects that are designed to provide services to eligible 
juvenile offenders that will reduce recidivism, increase 
educational attainment, and enhance long-term employ-
ability of such offenders. Such grants may be awarded to 
nonprofit organizations, workforce investment boards es-
tablished under title I of the Workforce Investment Act 
of 1998, States, and units of local government. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—For the purposes of this section: 
(1) ELIGIBLE
JUVENILE
OFFENDERS.—The 
term ‘‘eligible juvenile offenders’’ means individuals 
who— 
(A) are 14 to 21 years of age; and 
(B) have been involved in the criminal jus-
tice system for a gang-related offense during 
the one-year period immediately preceding the 
date on which a determination of eligibility is 
made. 
(2) INVOLVED IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYS-
TEM.—The term ‘‘involved in the criminal justice 
system’’ means, with respect to an individual, that 
the individual is being held in a juvenile or adult 
correctional facility or detention center, has been re-
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leased from a juvenile or adult correctional facility 
or detention center, has been sentenced in court to 
probation or an alternative sentence, or has been re-
ferred by court personnel to an alternative program. 
(c) USE OF FUNDS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Funds for juvenile offender 
reintegration projects under this section may be ex-
pended for— 
(A) providing tutoring, dropout prevention 
activities, academic credit retrieval activities, 
basic skills instruction and remedial education, 
and language instruction for individuals with 
limited English proficiency, in order to assist el-
igible juvenile offenders in obtaining a high 
school diploma or GED or to participate in 
postsecondary education; 
(B) providing career exploration and edu-
cation activities, pre-apprenticeship activities, 
activities relating to the attainment of industry- 
recognized credentials, and activities to increase 
placement in registered apprenticeship pro-
grams for eligible juvenile offenders; 
(C) mentoring eligible juvenile offenders, 
including the provision of support, guidance, 
and assistance to address the challenges faced 
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by such juvenile offenders in reintegrating into 
the community; 
(D) providing job training and job place-
ment services to eligible juvenile offenders, in-
cluding work readiness activities, job referrals, 
educational services, occupational skills train-
ing, on-the-job training, and paid and unpaid 
work experience (including internships and job 
shadowing activities); 
(E) providing outreach, orientation, intake, 
assessments, counseling, case management, per-
sonal development activities, and other transi-
tional services to eligible juvenile offenders; and 
(F) providing follow-up services to eligible 
juvenile offenders that will assist in advance-
ment in education and employment. 
(2) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.—Not more 
than 15 percent of the funds awarded to a grantee 
under this section may be used for administrative 
costs necessary to carry out a project under this sec-
tion. 
(d) APPLICATION.—To be considered to receive a 
grant under this section to carry out a juvenile offender 
reintegration project, a nonprofit organization, workforce 
investment board established under title I of the Work-
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