I 
118TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION 
H. R. 11 
To expand Americans’ access to the ballot box and reduce the influence 
of big money in politics, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 18, 2023 
Mr. SARBANES (for himself, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mr. MORELLE, and Ms. SEWELL) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
House Administration, and in addition to the Committees on the Judici-
ary, Science, Space, and Technology, Oversight and Accountability, Fi-
nancial Services, Ways and Means, Natural Resources, and Homeland Se-
curity, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each 
case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of 
the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To expand Americans’ access to the ballot box and reduce 
the influence of big money in politics, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Freedom to Vote Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. ORGANIZATION OF ACT INTO DIVISIONS; TABLE OF 
CONTENTS. 
(a) DIVISIONS.—This Act is organized into divisions 
as follows: 
(1) Division A—Voter Access. 
(2) Division B—Election Integrity. 
(3) Division C—Civic Participation and Em-
powerment. 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 
this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title. 
Sec. 2. Organization of Act into divisions; table of contents. 
Sec. 3. Findings of general constitutional authority. 
Sec. 4. Standards for judicial review. 
Sec. 5. Severability. 
DIVISION A—VOTER ACCESS 
TITLE I—ELECTION MODERNIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 
Sec. 1000. Short title; statement of policy. 
Subtitle A—Voter Registration Modernization 
Sec. 1000A. Short title. 
PART 1—AUTOMATIC VOTER REGISTRATION 
Sec. 1001. Short title; findings and purpose. 
Sec. 1002. Automatic registration of eligible individuals. 
Sec. 1003. Voter protection and security in automatic registration. 
Sec. 1004. Payments and grants. 
Sec. 1005. Miscellaneous provisions. 
Sec. 1006. Definitions. 
Sec. 1007. Effective date. 
PART 2—ELECTION DAY AS LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAY 
Sec. 1011. Election day as legal public holiday. 
PART 3—PROMOTING INTERNET REGISTRATION 
Sec. 1021. Requiring availability of internet for voter registration. 
Sec. 1022. Use of internet to update registration information. 
Sec. 1023. Provision of election information by electronic mail to individuals 
registered to vote. 
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Sec. 1024. Clarification of requirement regarding necessary information to 
show eligibility to vote. 
Sec. 1025. Prohibiting State from requiring applicants to provide more than 
last 4 digits of social security number. 
Sec. 1026. Application of rules to certain exempt States. 
Sec. 1027. Report on data collection relating to online voter registration sys-
tems. 
Sec. 1028. Permitting voter registration application form to serve as application 
for absentee ballot. 
Sec. 1029. Effective date. 
PART 4—SAME-DAY VOTER REGISTRATION 
Sec. 1031. Same-day registration. 
Sec. 1032. Ensuring pre-election registration deadlines are consistent with tim-
ing of legal public holidays. 
PART 5—STREAMLINE VOTER REGISTRATION INFORMATION, ACCESS, AND 
PRIVACY 
Sec. 1041. Authorizing the dissemination of voter registration information dis-
plays following naturalization ceremonies. 
Sec. 1042. Inclusion of voter registration information with certain leases and 
vouchers for federally assisted rental housing and mortgage ap-
plications. 
Sec. 1043. Acceptance of voter registration applications from individuals under 
18 years of age. 
Sec. 1044. Requiring States to establish and operate voter privacy programs. 
PART 6—FUNDING SUPPORT TO STATES FOR COMPLIANCE 
Sec. 1051. Availability of requirements payments under HAVA to cover costs 
of compliance with new requirements. 
Subtitle B—Access to Voting for Individuals With Disabilities 
Sec. 1101. Requirements for States to promote access to voter registration and 
voting for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 1102. Establishment and maintenance of State accessible election websites. 
Sec. 1103. Protections for in-person voting for individuals with disabilities and 
older individuals. 
Sec. 1104. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship. 
Sec. 1105. Expansion and reauthorization of grant program to assure voting 
access for individuals with disabilities. 
Sec. 1106. Pilot programs for enabling individuals with disabilities to register 
to vote privately and independently at residences. 
Sec. 1107. GAO analysis and report on voting access for individuals with dis-
abilities. 
Subtitle C—Early Voting 
Sec. 1201. Early voting. 
Subtitle D—Voting by Mail 
Sec. 1301. Voting by mail. 
Sec. 1302. Balloting materials tracking program. 
Sec. 1303. Election mail and delivery improvements. 
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Sec. 1304. Carriage of election mail. 
Sec. 1305. Requiring States to provide secured drop boxes for voted ballots in 
elections for Federal office. 
Subtitle E—Absent Uniformed Services Voters and Overseas Voters 
Sec. 1401. Pre-election reports on availability and transmission of absentee bal-
lots. 
Sec. 1402. Enforcement. 
Sec. 1403. Transmission requirements; repeal of waiver provision. 
Sec. 1404. Use of single absentee ballot application for subsequent elections. 
Sec. 1405. Extending guarantee of residency for voting purposes to family 
members of absent military personnel. 
Sec. 1406. Technical clarifications to conform to Military and Overseas Voter 
Empowerment Act amendments related to the Federal write-in 
absentee ballot. 
Sec. 1407. Treatment of postcard registration requests. 
Sec. 1408. Presidential designee report on voter disenfranchisement. 
Sec. 1409. Effective date. 
Subtitle F—Enhancement of Enforcement 
Sec. 1501. Enhancement of enforcement of Help America Vote Act of 2002. 
Subtitle G—Promoting Voter Access Through Election Administration 
Modernization Improvements 
PART 1—PROMOTING VOTER ACCESS 
Sec. 1601. Minimum notification requirements for voters affected by polling 
place changes. 
Sec. 1602. Applicability to Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 
Sec. 1603. Elimination of 14-day time period between general election and run-
off election for Federal elections in the Virgin Islands and 
Guam. 
Sec. 1604. Application of Federal election administration laws to territories of 
the United States. 
Sec. 1605. Application of Federal voter protection laws to territories of the 
United States. 
Sec. 1606. Ensuring equitable and efficient operation of polling places. 
Sec. 1607. Prohibiting States from restricting curbside voting. 
PART 2—IMPROVEMENTS IN OPERATION OF ELECTION ASSISTANCE 
COMMISSION 
Sec. 1611. Reauthorization of Election Assistance Commission. 
Sec. 1612. Recommendations to improve operations of Election Assistance 
Commission. 
Sec. 1613. Repeal of exemption of Election Assistance Commission from certain 
government contracting requirements. 
PART 3—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 
Sec. 1621. Definition of election for Federal office. 
Sec. 1622. No effect on other laws. 
Sec. 1623. Clarification of exemption for States without voter registration. 
Sec. 1624. Clarification of exemption for States which do not collect telephone 
information. 
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Subtitle H—Democracy Restoration 
Sec. 1701. Short title. 
Sec. 1702. Findings. 
Sec. 1703. Rights of citizens. 
Sec. 1704. Enforcement. 
Sec. 1705. Notification of restoration of voting rights. 
Sec. 1706. Definitions. 
Sec. 1707. Relation to other laws. 
Sec. 1708. Federal prison funds. 
Sec. 1709. Effective date. 
Subtitle I—Voter Identification and Allowable Alternatives 
Sec. 1801. Requirements for voter identification. 
Subtitle J—Voter List Maintenance Procedures 
PART 1—VOTER CAGING PROHIBITED 
Sec. 1901. Voter caging prohibited. 
PART 2—SAVING ELIGIBLE VOTERS FROM VOTER PURGING 
Sec. 1911. Conditions for removal of voters from list of registered voters. 
Subtitle K—Severability 
Sec. 1921. Severability. 
DIVISION B—ELECTION INTEGRITY 
TITLE II—PROHIBITING INTERFERENCE WITH VOTER 
REGISTRATION 
Sec. 2001. Prohibiting hindering, interfering with, or preventing voter registra-
tion. 
Sec. 2002. Establishment of best practices. 
TITLE III—PREVENTING ELECTION SUBVERSION 
Subtitle A—Restrictions on Removal of Election Administrators 
Sec. 3001. Restrictions on removal of local election administrators in adminis-
tration of elections for Federal office. 
Subtitle B—Increased Protections for Election Workers 
Sec. 3101. Harassment of election workers prohibited. 
Sec. 3102. Protection of election workers. 
Subtitle C—Prohibiting Deceptive Practices and Preventing Voter 
Intimidation 
Sec. 3201. Short title. 
Sec. 3202. Prohibition on deceptive practices in Federal elections. 
Sec. 3203. Corrective action. 
Sec. 3204. Reports to Congress. 
Sec. 3205. Private rights of action by election officials. 
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Sec. 3206. Making intimidation of tabulation, canvass, and certification efforts 
a crime. 
Subtitle D—Protection of Election Records and Election Infrastructure 
Sec. 3301. Strengthen protections for Federal election records. 
Sec. 3302. Penalties; inspection; nondisclosure; jurisdiction. 
Sec. 3303. Judicial review to ensure compliance. 
Subtitle E—Judicial Protection of the Right To Vote and Non-Partisan Vote 
Tabulation 
PART 1—RIGHT TO VOTE ACT 
Sec. 3401. Short title. 
Sec. 3402. Undue burdens on the ability to vote in elections for Federal office 
prohibited. 
Sec. 3403. Judicial review. 
Sec. 3404. Definitions. 
Sec. 3405. Rules of construction. 
Sec. 3406. Severability. 
Sec. 3407. Effective date. 
PART 2—CLARIFYING JURISDICTION OVER ELECTION DISPUTES 
Sec. 3411. Findings. 
Sec. 3412. Clarifying authority of United States district courts to hear cases. 
Sec. 3413. Effective date. 
Subtitle F—Poll Worker Recruitment and Training 
Sec. 3501. Grants to States for poll worker recruitment and training. 
Sec. 3502. State defined. 
Subtitle G—Preventing Poll Observer Interference 
Sec. 3601. Protections for voters on Election Day. 
Subtitle H—Preventing Restrictions on Food and Beverages 
Sec. 3701. Short title; findings. 
Sec. 3702. Prohibiting restrictions on donations of food and beverages at poll-
ing stations. 
Subtitle I—Establishing Duty To Report Foreign Election Interference 
Sec. 3801. Findings relating to illicit money undermining our democracy. 
Sec. 3802. Federal campaign reporting of foreign contacts. 
Sec. 3803. Federal campaign foreign contact reporting compliance system. 
Sec. 3804. Criminal penalties. 
Sec. 3805. Report to congressional intelligence committees. 
Sec. 3806. Rule of construction. 
Subtitle J—Promoting Accuracy, Integrity, and Security Through Voter- 
Verifiable Permanent Paper Ballot 
Sec. 3901. Short title. 
Sec. 3902. Paper ballot and manual counting requirements. 
Sec. 3903. Accessibility and ballot verification for individuals with disabilities. 
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Sec. 3904. Durability and readability requirements for ballots. 
Sec. 3905. Study and report on optimal ballot design. 
Sec. 3906. Ballot marking device cybersecurity requirements. 
Sec. 3907. Effective date for new requirements. 
Sec. 3908. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and car-
rying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘PART 8—GRANTS FOR OBTAINING COMPLIANT PAPER BALLOT VOTING 
SYSTEMS AND CARRYING OUT VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS 
‘‘Sec. 298. Grants for obtaining compliant paper ballot voting systems and 
carrying out voting system security improvements. 
‘‘Sec. 298A. Voting system security improvements described. 
‘‘Sec. 298B. Eligibility of States. 
‘‘Sec. 298C. Reports to Congress. 
‘‘Sec. 298D. Authorization of appropriations. 
Subtitle K—Provisional Ballots 
Sec. 3911. Requirements for counting provisional ballots; establishment of uni-
form and nondiscriminatory standards. 
TITLE IV—VOTING SYSTEM SECURITY 
Sec. 4001. Post-election audit requirement. 
Sec. 4002. Election infrastructure designation. 
Sec. 4003. Guidelines and certification for electronic poll books and remote bal-
lot marking systems. 
Sec. 4004. Pre-election reports on voting system usage. 
Sec. 4005. Use of voting machines manufactured in the United States. 
Sec. 4006. Use of political party headquarters building fund for technology or 
cybersecurity-related purposes. 
Sec. 4007. Severability. 
DIVISION C—CIVIC PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT 
TITLE V—NONPARTISAN REDISTRICTING REFORM 
Sec. 5001. Finding of constitutional authority. 
Sec. 5002. Ban on mid-decade redistricting. 
Sec. 5003. Criteria for redistricting. 
Sec. 5004. Development of plan. 
Sec. 5005. Failure by State to enact plan. 
Sec. 5006. Civil enforcement. 
Sec. 5007. No effect on elections for State and local office. 
Sec. 5008. Effective date. 
TITLE VI—CAMPAIGN FINANCE TRANSPARENCY 
Subtitle A—DISCLOSE Act 
Sec. 6001. Short title. 
Sec. 6002. Findings. 
PART 1—CLOSING LOOPHOLES ALLOWING SPENDING BY FOREIGN 
NATIONALS IN ELECTIONS 
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Sec. 6003. Clarification of application of foreign money ban to certain disburse-
ments and activities. 
Sec. 6004. Study and report on illicit foreign money in Federal elections. 
Sec. 6005. Prohibition on contributions and donations by foreign nationals in 
connection with ballot initiatives and referenda. 
Sec. 6006. Disbursements and activities subject to foreign money ban. 
Sec. 6007. Prohibiting establishment of corporation to conceal election con-
tributions and donations by foreign nationals. 
PART 2—REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS 
Sec. 6011. Reporting of campaign-related disbursements. 
Sec. 6012. Reporting of Federal judicial nomination disbursements. 
Sec. 6013. Coordination with FinCEN. 
Sec. 6014. Application of foreign money ban to disbursements for campaign-re-
lated disbursements consisting of covered transfers. 
Sec. 6015. Sense of Congress regarding implementation. 
Sec. 6016. Effective date. 
PART 3—OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 
Sec. 6021. Petition for certiorari. 
Sec. 6022. Judicial review of actions related to campaign finance laws. 
Sec. 6023. Effective date. 
Subtitle B—Honest Ads 
Sec. 6101. Short title. 
Sec. 6102. Purpose. 
Sec. 6103. Findings. 
Sec. 6104. Sense of Congress. 
Sec. 6105. Expansion of definition of public communication. 
Sec. 6106. Expansion of definition of electioneering communication. 
Sec. 6107. Application of disclaimer statements to online communications. 
Sec. 6108. Political record requirements for online platforms. 
Sec. 6109. Preventing contributions, expenditures, independent expenditures, 
and disbursements for electioneering communications by for-
eign nationals in the form of online advertising. 
Sec. 6110. Requiring online platforms to display notices identifying sponsors of 
political advertisements and to ensure notices continue to be 
present when advertisements are shared. 
Subtitle C—Spotlight Act 
Sec. 6201. Short title. 
Sec. 6202. Inclusion of contributor information on annual returns of certain or-
ganizations. 
TITLE VII—CAMPAIGN FINANCE OVERSIGHT 
Subtitle A—Stopping Super PAC–Candidate Coordination 
Sec. 7001. Short title. 
Sec. 7002. Clarification of treatment of coordinated expenditures as contribu-
tions to candidates. 
Subtitle B—Restoring Integrity to America’s Elections 
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Sec. 7101. Short title. 
Sec. 7102. Revision to enforcement process. 
Sec. 7103. Official exercising the responsibilities of the general counsel. 
Sec. 7104. Permitting appearance at hearings on requests for advisory opinions 
by persons opposing the requests. 
Sec. 7105. Permanent extension of administrative penalty authority. 
Sec. 7106. Restrictions on ex parte communications. 
Sec. 7107. Clarifying authority of FEC attorneys to represent FEC in Supreme 
Court. 
Sec. 7108. Requiring forms to permit use of accent marks. 
Sec. 7109. Extension of the statutes of limitations for offenses under the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971. 
Sec. 7110. Effective date; transition. 
Subtitle C—Imposition of Fee for Reports Filed by Paper 
Sec. 7201. Imposition of fee for reports filed by paper. 
TITLE VIII—CITIZEN EMPOWERMENT 
Subtitle A—Funding To Promote Democracy 
PART 1—PAYMENTS AND ALLOCATIONS TO STATES 
Sec. 8001. Democracy Advancement and Innovation Program. 
Sec. 8002. State plan. 
Sec. 8003. Prohibiting reduction in access to participation in elections. 
Sec. 8004. Amount of State allocation. 
Sec. 8005. Procedures for disbursements of payments and allocations. 
Sec. 8006. Office of Democracy Advancement and Innovation. 
PART 2—STATE ELECTION ASSISTANCE AND INNOVATION TRUST FUND 
Sec. 8011. State Election Assistance and Innovation Trust Fund. 
Sec. 8012. Uses of Fund. 
Sec. 8013. Assessments against fines and penalties. 
PART 3—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 8021. Definitions. 
Sec. 8022. Rule of construction regarding calculation of deadlines. 
Subtitle B—Elections for House of Representatives 
Sec. 8101. Short title. 
PART 1—OPTIONAL DEMOCRACY CREDIT PROGRAM 
Sec. 8102. Establishment of program. 
Sec. 8103. Credit program described. 
Sec. 8104. Reports. 
Sec. 8105. Election cycle defined. 
PART 2—OPTIONAL SMALL DOLLAR FINANCING OF ELECTIONS FOR HOUSE 
OF REPRESENTATIVES 
Sec. 8111. Benefits and eligibility requirements for candidates. 
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‘‘TITLE V—SMALL DOLLAR FINANCING OF ELECTIONS FOR 
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
‘‘Subtitle A—Benefits 
‘‘Sec. 501. Benefits for participating candidates. 
‘‘Sec. 502. Procedures for making payments. 
‘‘Sec. 503. Use of funds. 
‘‘Sec. 504. Qualified small dollar contributions described. 
‘‘Subtitle B—Eligibility and Certification 
‘‘Sec. 511. Eligibility. 
‘‘Sec. 512. Qualifying requirements. 
‘‘Sec. 513. Certification. 
‘‘Subtitle C—Requirements for Candidates Certified as Participating 
Candidates 
‘‘Sec. 521. Contribution and expenditure requirements. 
‘‘Sec. 522. Administration of campaign. 
‘‘Sec. 523. Preventing unnecessary spending of matching funds. 
‘‘Sec. 524. Remitting unspent funds after election. 
‘‘Subtitle D—Enhanced Match Support 
‘‘Sec. 531. Enhanced support for general election. 
‘‘Sec. 532. Eligibility. 
‘‘Sec. 533. Amount. 
‘‘Sec. 534. Waiver of authority to retain portion of unspent funds after 
election. 
‘‘Subtitle E—Administrative Provisions 
‘‘Sec. 541. Source of payments. 
‘‘Sec. 542. Administration through dedicated division within Commission. 
‘‘Sec. 543. Violations and penalties. 
‘‘Sec. 544. Indexing of amounts. 
‘‘Sec. 545. Election cycle defined. 
‘‘Sec. 546. Division Director defined. 
Sec. 8112. Contributions and expenditures by multicandidate and political 
party committees on behalf of participating candidates. 
Sec. 8113. Prohibiting use of contributions by participating candidates for pur-
poses other than campaign for election. 
Sec. 8114. Deadline for regulations; effective date. 
Subtitle C—Personal Use Services as Authorized Campaign Expenditures 
Sec. 8201. Short title; findings; purpose. 
Sec. 8202. Treatment of payments for childcare and other personal use services 
as authorized campaign expenditure. 
Subtitle D—Empowering Small Dollar Donations 
Sec. 8301. Permitting political party committees to provide enhanced support 
for House candidates through use of separate small dollar ac-
counts. 
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Subtitle E—Severability 
Sec. 8401. Severability. 
SEC. 3. FINDINGS OF GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHOR-
ITY. 
Congress finds that the Constitution of the United 
States grants explicit and broad authority to protect the 
right to vote, to regulate elections for Federal office, to 
prevent and remedy discrimination in voting, and to de-
fend the Nation’s democratic process. Congress enacts the 
Freedom to Vote Act pursuant to this broad authority, 
including but not limited to the following: 
(1) Congress finds that it has broad authority 
to regulate the time, place, and manner of congres-
sional elections under the Elections Clause of the 
Constitution, article I, section 4, clause 1. The Su-
preme Court has affirmed that the ‘‘substantive 
scope’’ of the Elections Clause is ‘‘broad’’; that 
‘‘Times, Places, and Manner’’ are ‘‘comprehensive 
words which embrace authority to provide for a com-
plete code for congressional elections’’; and ‘‘[t]he 
power of Congress over the Times, Places and Man-
ner of congressional elections is paramount, and may 
be exercised at any time, and to any extent which 
it deems expedient; and so far as it is exercised, and 
no farther, the regulations effected supersede those 
of the State which are inconsistent therewith’’. Ari-
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zona v. Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, 570 U.S. 1, 
8–9 (2013) (internal quotation marks and citations 
omitted). Indeed, ‘‘Congress has plenary and para-
mount jurisdiction over the whole subject’’ of con-
gressional elections, Ex parte Siebold, 100 U.S. (10 
Otto) 371, 388 (1879), and this power ‘‘may be ex-
ercised as and when Congress sees fit’’, and ‘‘so far 
as it extends and conflicts with the regulations of 
the State, necessarily supersedes them’’. Id. at 384. 
Among other things, Congress finds that the Elec-
tions Clause was intended to ‘‘vindicate the people’s 
right to equality of representation in the House’’. 
Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1, 16 (1964), and to 
address partisan gerrymandering, Rucho v. Common 
Cause, 139 S. Ct. 2484 (2019). 
(2) Congress also finds that it has both the au-
thority and responsibility, as the legislative body for 
the United States, to fulfill the promise of article IV, 
section 4, of the Constitution, which states: ‘‘The 
United States shall guarantee to every State in this 
Union a Republican Form of Government[.]’’. Con-
gress finds that its authority and responsibility to 
enforce the Guarantee Clause is clear given that 
Federal courts have not enforced this clause because 
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they understood that its enforcement is committed 
to Congress by the Constitution. 
(3)(A) Congress also finds that it has broad au-
thority pursuant to section 5 of the Fourteenth 
Amendment to legislate to enforce the provisions of 
the Fourteenth Amendment, including its protec-
tions of the right to vote and the democratic process. 
(B) Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment 
protects the fundamental right to vote, which is ‘‘of 
the most fundamental significance under our con-
stitutional structure’’. Ill. Bd. of Election v. Socialist 
Workers Party, 440 U.S. 173, 184 (1979); see 
United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941) (‘‘Ob-
viously included within the right to choose, secured 
by the Constitution, is the right of qualified voters 
within a State to cast their ballots and have them 
counted . . .’’). As the Supreme Court has repeatedly 
affirmed, the right to vote is ‘‘preservative of all 
rights’’, Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370 
(1886). Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment 
also protects the right to vote, granting Congress 
additional authority to reduce a State’s representa-
tion in Congress when the right to vote is abridged 
or denied. 
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(C) As a result, Congress finds that it has the 
authority pursuant to section 5 of the Fourteenth 
Amendment to protect the right to vote. Congress 
also finds that States and localities have eroded ac-
cess to the right to vote through restrictions on the 
right to vote including excessively onerous voter 
identification requirements, burdensome voter reg-
istration procedures, voter purges, limited and un-
equal access to voting by mail, polling place closures, 
unequal distribution of election resources, and other 
impediments. 
(D) Congress also finds that ‘‘the right of suf-
frage can be denied by a debasement or dilution of 
the weight of a citizen’s vote just as effectively as by 
wholly prohibiting the free exercise of the franchise’’. 
Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533, 555 (1964). Con-
gress finds that the right of suffrage has been so di-
luted and debased by means of gerrymandering of 
districts. Congress finds that it has authority pursu-
ant to section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to 
remedy this debasement. 
(4)(A) Congress also finds that it has authority 
to legislate to eliminate racial discrimination in vot-
ing and the democratic process pursuant to both sec-
tion 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which grants 
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equal protection of the laws, and section 2 of the 
Fifteenth Amendment, which explicitly bars denial 
or abridgment of the right to vote on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 
(B) Congress finds that racial discrimination in 
access to voting and the political process persists. 
Voting restrictions, redistricting, and other electoral 
practices and processes continue to disproportion-
ately impact communities of color in the United 
States and do so as a result of both intentional ra-
cial discrimination, structural racism, and the ongo-
ing structural socioeconomic effects of historical ra-
cial discrimination. 
(C) Recent elections and studies have shown 
that minority communities wait longer in lines to 
vote, are more likely to have their mail ballots re-
jected, continue to face intimidation at the polls, are 
more likely to be disenfranchised by voter purges, 
and are disproportionately burdened by excessively 
onerous voter identification and other voter restric-
tions. Research shows that communities of color are 
more likely to face nearly every barrier to voting 
than their white counterparts. 
(D) Congress finds that racial disparities in dis-
enfranchisement due to past felony convictions is 
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particularly stark. In 2022, according to the Sen-
tencing Project, an estimated 4,600,000 Americans 
could not vote due to a felony conviction. One in 19 
African Americans of voting age is disenfranchised, 
a rate 3.5 times greater than that of non-African 
Americans. In eight States—Alabama, Arizona, 
Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Dakota, Ten-
nessee, and Virginia—more than one in ten African 
Americans is disenfranchised, nearly twice the na-
tional average for African Americans. Congress finds 
that felony disenfranchisement was one of the tools 
of intentional racial discrimination during the Jim 
Crow era. Congress further finds that current racial 
disparities in felony disenfranchisement are linked to 
this history of voter suppression, structural racism 
in the criminal justice system, and ongoing effects of 
historical discrimination. 
(5)(A) Congress finds that it further has the 
power to protect the right to vote from denial or 
abridgment on account of sex, age, or ability to pay 
a poll tax or other tax pursuant to the Nineteenth, 
Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Sixth Amendments. 
(B) Congress finds that electoral practices in-
cluding voting rights restoration conditions for peo-
ple with convictions and other restrictions to the 
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franchise burden voters on account of their ability to 
pay. 
(C) Congress further finds that electoral prac-
tices including voting restrictions related to college 
campuses, age restrictions on mail voting, and simi-
lar practices burden the right to vote on account of 
age. 
SEC. 4. STANDARDS FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—For any action brought for declar-
atory or injunctive relief to challenge, whether facially or 
as-applied, the constitutionality or lawfulness of any provi-
sion of this Act or any amendment made by this Act or 
any rule or regulation promulgated under this Act, the fol-
lowing rules shall apply: 
(1) The action shall be filed in the United 
States District Court for the District of Columbia 
and an appeal from the decision of the district court 
may be taken to the Court of Appeals for the Dis-
trict of Columbia Circuit. These courts, and the Su-
preme Court of the United States on a writ of cer-
tiorari (if such writ is issued), shall have exclusive 
jurisdiction to hear such actions. 
(2) The party filing the action shall concur-
rently deliver a copy the complaint to the Clerk of 
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the House of Representatives and the Secretary of 
the Senate. 
(3) It shall be the duty of the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia and the 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Cir-
cuit to advance on the docket and to expedite to the 
greatest possible extent the disposition of the action 
and appeal. 
(b) CLARIFYING SCOPE OF JURISDICTION.—If an ac-
tion at the time of its commencement is not subject to 
subsection (a), but an amendment, counterclaim, cross- 
claim, affirmative defense, or any other pleading or motion 
is filed challenging, whether facially or as-applied, the con-
stitutionality or lawfulness of this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act or any rule or regulation promulgated 
under this Act, the district court shall transfer the action 
to the District Court for the District of Columbia, and 
the action shall thereafter be conducted pursuant to sub-
section (a). 
(c) INTERVENTION BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.—In 
any action described in subsection (a), any Member of the 
House of Representatives (including a Delegate or Resi-
dent Commissioner to the Congress) or Senate shall have 
the right to intervene either in support of or opposition 
to the position of a party to the case regarding the con-
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stitutionality of the provision. To avoid duplication of ef-
forts and reduce the burdens placed on the parties to the 
action, the court in any such action may make such orders 
as it considers necessary, including orders to require 
interveners taking similar positions to file joint papers or 
to be represented by a single attorney at oral argument. 
SEC. 5. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or any amendment made 
by this Act, or the application of any such provision or 
amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be 
unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, and the appli-
cation of such provision or amendment to any other person 
or circumstance, shall not be affected by the holding. 
DIVISION A—VOTER ACCESS 
TITLE I—ELECTION MODERNIZA-
TION AND ADMINISTRATION 
SEC. 1000. SHORT TITLE; STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This title may be cited as the 
‘‘Voter Empowerment Act of 2023’’. 
(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.—It is the policy of the 
United States that— 
(1) the ability of all eligible citizens of the 
United States to access and exercise their constitu-
tional right to vote in a free, fair, and timely manner 
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must be vigilantly enhanced, protected, and main-
tained; and 
(2) the integrity, security, and accountability of 
the voting process must be vigilantly protected, 
maintained, and enhanced in order to protect and 
preserve electoral and participatory democracy in the 
United States. 
Subtitle A—Voter Registration 
Modernization 
SEC. 1000A. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Voter Registration 
Modernization Act of 2023’’. 
PART 1—AUTOMATIC VOTER REGISTRATION 
SEC. 1001. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This part may be cited as the 
‘‘Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2023’’. 
(b) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.— 
(1) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(A) the right to vote is a fundamental 
right of citizens of the United States; 
(B) it is the responsibility of the State and 
Federal governments to ensure that every eligi-
ble citizen is registered to vote; 
(C) existing voter registration systems can 
be inaccurate, costly, inaccessible and con-
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SEC. 1002. AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF ELIGIBLE INDI-
VIDUALS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504) is amended by inserting 
after section 5 the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 5A. AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION BY STATE MOTOR VE-
HICLE AUTHORITY. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
‘‘(1) APPLICABLE AGENCY.—The term ‘applica-
ble agency’ means, with respect to a State, the State 
motor vehicle authority responsible for motor vehicle 
driver’s licenses under State law. 
‘‘(2) APPLICABLE
TRANSACTION.—The term 
‘applicable transaction’ means— 
‘‘(A) an application to an applicable agency 
for a motor vehicle driver’s license; and 
‘‘(B) any other service or assistance (in-
cluding for a change of address) provided by an 
applicable agency. 
‘‘(3) AUTOMATIC
REGISTRATION.—The term 
‘automatic registration’ means a system that reg-
isters an individual to vote and updates existing reg-
istrations, in elections for Federal office in a State, 
if eligible, by electronically transferring the informa-
tion necessary for registration from the applicable 
agency to election officials of the State so that, un-
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less the individual affirmatively declines to be reg-
istered or to update any voter registration, the indi-
vidual will be registered to vote in such elections. 
‘‘(4) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘eligible 
individual’ means, with respect to an election for 
Federal office, an individual who is otherwise quali-
fied to vote in that election. 
‘‘(5) REGISTER TO VOTE.—The term ‘register 
to vote’ includes updating an individual’s existing 
voter registration. 
‘‘(b) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The chief State election of-
ficial of each State shall establish and operate a sys-
tem of automatic registration for the registration of 
eligible individuals to vote for elections for Federal 
office in the State, in accordance with the provisions 
of this section. 
‘‘(2) REGISTRATION OF VOTERS BASED ON NEW 
AGENCY RECORDS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The chief State elec-
tion official shall— 
‘‘(i) subject to subparagraph (B), en-
sure that each eligible individual who com-
pletes an applicable transaction and does 
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not decline to register to vote is registered 
to vote— 
‘‘(I) in the next upcoming elec-
tion for Federal office (and subse-
quent elections for Federal office), if 
an applicable agency transmits infor-
mation under subsection (c)(1)(E) 
with respect to the individual not later 
than the applicable date; and 
‘‘(II) in subsequent elections for 
Federal office, if an applicable agency 
transmits such information with re-
spect to such individual after the ap-
plicable date; and 
‘‘(ii) not later than 60 days after the 
receipt of such information with respect to 
an individual, send written notice to the in-
dividual, in addition to other means of no-
tice established by this section, of the indi-
vidual’s voter registration status. 
‘‘(B) APPLICABLE DATE.—For purposes of 
this subsection, the term ‘applicable date’ 
means, with respect to any election for Federal 
office, the later of— 
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‘‘(i) the date that is 28 days before 
the date of the election; or 
‘‘(ii) the last day of the period pro-
vided by State law for registration with re-
spect to such election. 
‘‘(C) CLARIFICATION.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall prevent the chief State election 
official from registering an eligible individual to 
vote for the next upcoming election for Federal 
office in the State even if an applicable agency 
transmits 
information 
under 
subsection 
(c)(1)(E) with respect to the individual after 
the applicable date. 
‘‘(3) TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS UNDER 18 
YEARS OF AGE.—A State may not refuse to treat an 
individual as an eligible individual for purposes of 
this section on the grounds that the individual is less 
than 18 years of age at the time an applicable agen-
cy receives information with respect to the indi-
vidual, so long as the individual is at least 16 years 
of age at such time. Nothing in the previous sen-
tence may be construed to require a State to permit 
an individual who is under 18 years of age at the 
time of an election for Federal office to vote in the 
election. 
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‘‘(c) APPLICABLE AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) INSTRUCTIONS ON AUTOMATIC REGISTRA-
TION FOR AGENCIES COLLECTING CITIZENSHIP IN-
FORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Except as otherwise 
provided in this section, in the case of any ap-
plicable transaction for which an applicable 
agency (in the normal course of its operations) 
requests individuals to affirm United States 
citizenship (either directly or as part of the 
overall application for service or assistance or 
enrollment), the applicable agency shall inform 
each such individual who is a citizen of the 
United States of the following: 
‘‘(i) Unless that individual declines to 
register to vote, or is found ineligible to 
vote, the individual will be registered to 
vote or, if applicable, the individual’s reg-
istration will be updated. 
‘‘(ii) The substantive qualifications of 
an elector in the State as listed in the mail 
voter registration application form for elec-
tions for Federal office prescribed pursu-
ant to section 9, the consequences of false 
registration, and how the individual should 
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decline to register if the individual does 
not meet all those qualifications. 
‘‘(iii) In the case of a State in which 
affiliation or enrollment with a political 
party is required in order to participate in 
an election to select the party’s candidate 
in an election for Federal office, the re-
quirement that the individual must affiliate 
or enroll with a political party in order to 
participate in such an election. 
‘‘(iv) Voter registration is voluntary, 
and neither registering nor declining to 
register to vote will in any way affect the 
availability of services or benefits, nor be 
used for other purposes. 
‘‘(B) 
INDIVIDUALS
WITH
LIMITED 
ENGLISH PROFICIENCY.—In the case in which 
the individual is a member of a group that con-
stitutes 3 percent or more of the overall popu-
lation within the State served by the applicable 
agency as measured by the United States Cen-
sus and are limited English proficient, the in-
formation described in clauses (i) through (iv) 
of subparagraph (A) shall be provided in a lan-
guage understood by the individual. 
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‘‘(C) CLARIFICATION ON PROCEDURES FOR 
INELIGIBLE
VOTERS.—An applicable agency 
shall not provide an individual who did not af-
firm United States citizenship, or for whom the 
agency has conclusive documentary evidence ob-
tained through its normal course of operations 
that the individual is not a United States cit-
izen, the opportunity to register to vote under 
subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(D) OPPORTUNITY
TO
DECLINE
REG-
ISTRATION
REQUIRED.—Except as otherwise 
provided in this section, each applicable agency 
shall ensure that each applicable transaction de-
scribed in subparagraph (A) with an eligible in-
dividual cannot be completed until the indi-
vidual is given the opportunity to decline to be 
registered to vote. In the case where the indi-
vidual is a member of a group that constitutes 
3 percent or more of the overall population 
within the State served by the applicable agency 
as measured by the United States Census and 
are limited English proficient, such opportunity 
shall be given in a language understood by the 
individual. 
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‘‘(E) INFORMATION
TRANSMITTAL.—Not 
later than 10 days after an applicable trans-
action with an eligible individual, if the indi-
vidual did not decline to be registered to vote, 
the applicable agency shall electronically trans-
mit to the appropriate State election official the 
following information with respect to the indi-
vidual: 
‘‘(i) The individual’s given name(s) 
and surname(s). 
‘‘(ii) The individual’s date of birth. 
‘‘(iii) The individual’s residential ad-
dress. 
‘‘(iv) Information showing that the in-
dividual is a citizen of the United States. 
‘‘(v) The date on which information 
pertaining to that individual was collected 
or last updated. 
‘‘(vi) If available, the individual’s sig-
nature in electronic form. 
‘‘(vii) In the case of a State in which 
affiliation or enrollment with a political 
party is required in order to participate in 
an election to select the party’s candidate 
in an election for Federal office, informa-
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tion regarding the individual’s affiliation or 
enrollment with a political party, but only 
if the individual provides such information. 
‘‘(viii) Any additional information list-
ed in the mail voter registration applica-
tion form for elections for Federal office 
prescribed pursuant to section 9, including 
any valid driver’s license number or the 
last 4 digits of the individual’s social secu-
rity number, if the individual provided 
such information. 
‘‘(F) PROVISION
OF
INFORMATION
RE-
GARDING
PARTICIPATION
IN
PRIMARY
ELEC-
TIONS.—In the case of a State in which affili-
ation or enrollment with a political party is re-
quired in order to participate in an election to 
select the party’s candidate in an election for 
Federal office, if the information transmitted 
under subparagraph (E) with respect to an in-
dividual does not include information regarding 
the individual’s affiliation or enrollment with a 
political party, the chief State election official 
shall— 
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‘‘(i) notify the individual that such af-
filiation or enrollment is required to par-
ticipate in primary elections; and 
‘‘(ii) provide an opportunity for the 
individual to update their registration with 
a party affiliation or enrollment. 
‘‘(G) CLARIFICATION.—Nothing in this 
section shall be read to require an applicable 
agency to transmit to an election official the in-
formation described in subparagraph (E) for an 
individual who is ineligible to vote in elections 
for Federal office in the State, except to the ex-
tent required to pre-register citizens between 16 
and 18 years of age. 
‘‘(2) ALTERNATE
PROCEDURE
FOR
CERTAIN 
OTHER APPLICABLE AGENCIES.—With each applica-
ble transaction for which an applicable agency in the 
normal course of its operations does not request in-
dividuals to affirm United States citizenship (either 
directly or as part of the overall application for serv-
ice or assistance), the applicable agency shall— 
‘‘(A) complete the requirements of section 
5; 
‘‘(B) ensure that each applicant’s trans-
action with the applicable agency cannot be 
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completed until the applicant has indicated 
whether the applicant wishes to register to vote 
or declines to register to vote in elections for 
Federal office held in the State; and 
‘‘(C) for each individual who wishes to reg-
ister to vote, transmit that individual’s informa-
tion in accordance with subsection (c)(1)(E), 
unless the applicable agency has conclusive doc-
umentary evidence obtained through its normal 
course of operations that the individual is not 
a United States citizen. 
‘‘(3) REQUIRED AVAILABILITY OF AUTOMATIC 
REGISTRATION OPPORTUNITY WITH EACH APPLICA-
TION FOR SERVICE OR ASSISTANCE.—Each applica-
ble agency shall offer each eligible individual, with 
each applicable transaction, the opportunity to reg-
ister to vote as prescribed by this section without re-
gard to whether the individual previously declined a 
registration opportunity. 
‘‘(d) VOTER PROTECTION.— 
‘‘(1) APPLICABLE AGENCIES’ PROTECTION OF 
INFORMATION.—Nothing in this section authorizes 
an applicable agency to collect, retain, transmit, or 
publicly disclose any of the following, except as nec-
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essary to comply with title III of the Civil Rights 
Act of 1960 (52 U.S.C. 20701 et seq.): 
‘‘(A) An individual’s decision to decline to 
register to vote or not to register to vote. 
‘‘(B) An individual’s decision not to affirm 
his or her citizenship. 
‘‘(C) Any information that an applicable 
agency 
transmits 
pursuant 
to 
subsection 
(c)(1)(E), except in pursuing the agency’s ordi-
nary course of business. 
‘‘(2) ELECTION OFFICIALS’ PROTECTION OF IN-
FORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) PUBLIC DISCLOSURE PROHIBITED.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clause 
(ii), with respect to any individual for 
whom any State election official receives 
information from an applicable agency, the 
State election official shall not publicly dis-
close any of the following: 
‘‘(I) Any information not nec-
essary to voter registration. 
‘‘(II) Any voter information oth-
erwise shielded from disclosure under 
State law or section 8(a). 
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extent as services are made available to all other in-
dividuals. 
‘‘(2) TRANSMISSION THROUGH SECURE THIRD 
PARTY PERMITTED.—Nothing in this section or in 
the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2023 shall 
be construed to prevent an applicable agency from 
contracting with a third party to assist the agency 
in meeting the information transmittal requirements 
of this section, so long as the data transmittal com-
plies with the applicable requirements of this section 
and such Act, including provisions relating to pri-
vacy and security. 
‘‘(3) NONPARTISAN, NONDISCRIMINATORY PRO-
VISION OF SERVICES.—The services made available 
by applicable agencies under this section shall be 
made in a manner consistent with paragraphs (4), 
(5), and (6)(C) of section 7(a). 
‘‘(4) NOTICES.—Each State may send notices 
under this section via electronic mail if the indi-
vidual has provided an electronic mail address and 
consented to electronic mail communications for 
election-related materials. All notices sent pursuant 
to this section that require a response must offer the 
individual notified the opportunity to respond at no 
cost to the individual. 
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‘‘(5) REGISTRATION AT OTHER STATE OFFICES 
PERMITTED.—Nothing in this section may be con-
strued to prohibit a State from offering voter reg-
istration services described in this section at offices 
of the State other than the State motor vehicle au-
thority. 
‘‘(f) APPLICABILITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—This section shall not apply 
to an exempt State. 
‘‘(2) EXEMPT STATE DEFINED.—The term ‘ex-
empt State’ means a State that, under law that is 
in effect continuously on and after the date of enact-
ment of this section, either— 
‘‘(A) has no voter registration requirement 
for any voter in the State with respect to a 
Federal election; or 
‘‘(B) operates a system of automatic reg-
istration at the motor vehicle authority of the 
State or a Permanent Dividend Fund of the 
State under which an individual is provided the 
opportunity to decline registration during the 
transaction or by way of a notice sent by mail 
or electronically after the transaction.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
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(1) Section 4(a) of the National Voter Registra-
tion Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503(a)) is amended 
by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as para-
graphs (3) and (4), respectively, and by inserting 
after paragraph (1) the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(2) by application made simultaneously with 
an application for a motor vehicle driver’s license 
pursuant to section 5A;’’. 
(2) Section 4(b) of the National Voter Registra-
tion Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503(b)) is amend-
ed— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and 
(2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, 
and indenting appropriately; 
(B) by striking ‘‘STATES.—This Act’’ and 
inserting ‘‘STATES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), this Act’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) APPLICATION
OF
AUTOMATIC
REGISTRA-
TION REQUIREMENTS.—Section 5A shall apply to a 
State described in paragraph (1), unless the State is 
an exempt State as defined in subsection (f)(2) of 
such section.’’. 
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(3) Section 8(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
20507(a)(1)) is amended by redesignating subpara-
graphs (B), (C), and (D) as subparagraphs (C), (D), 
and (E), respectively, and by inserting after sub-
paragraph (A) the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(B) in the case of registration under sec-
tion 5A, within the period provided in section 
5A(b)(2);’’. 
SEC. 1003. VOTER PROTECTION AND SECURITY IN AUTO-
MATIC REGISTRATION. 
(a) PROTECTIONS FOR ERRORS IN REGISTRATION.— 
An individual shall not be prosecuted under any Federal 
or State law, adversely affected in any civil adjudication 
concerning immigration status or naturalization, or sub-
ject to an allegation in any legal proceeding that the indi-
vidual is not a citizen of the United States on any of the 
following grounds: 
(1) The individual notified an election office of 
the individual’s automatic registration to vote. 
(2) The individual is not eligible to vote in elec-
tions for Federal office but was registered to vote 
due to individual or agency error. 
(3) The individual was automatically registered 
to vote at an incorrect address. 
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(4) The individual declined the opportunity to 
register to vote or did not make an affirmation of 
citizenship, including through automatic registration. 
(b) LIMITS
ON USE
OF AUTOMATIC REGISTRA-
TION.—The automatic registration (within the meaning of 
section 5A of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993) of any individual or the fact that an individual de-
clined the opportunity to register to vote or did not make 
an affirmation of citizenship (including through automatic 
registration) may not be used as evidence against that in-
dividual in any State or Federal law enforcement pro-
ceeding or any civil adjudication concerning immigration 
status or naturalization, and an individual’s lack of knowl-
edge or willfulness of such registration may be dem-
onstrated by the individual’s testimony alone. 
(c) PROTECTION OF ELECTION INTEGRITY.—Noth-
ing in subsection (a) or (b) may be construed to prohibit 
or restrict any action under color of law against an indi-
vidual who— 
(1) knowingly and willfully makes a false state-
ment to effectuate or perpetuate automatic voter 
registration (within the meaning of section 5A of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993) by any in-
dividual; or 
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(2) casts a ballot knowingly and willfully in vio-
lation of State law or the laws of the United States. 
(d) ELECTION OFFICIALS’ PROTECTION OF INFOR-
MATION.— 
(1) VOTER
RECORD
CHANGES.—Each State 
shall maintain for not less than 2 years and shall 
make available for public inspection (and, where 
available, photocopying at a reasonable cost), includ-
ing in electronic form and through electronic meth-
ods, all records of changes to voter records, includ-
ing removals, the reasons for removals, and updates. 
(2) DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
STANDARDS.— 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, in consultation with 
State and local election officials and the Commis-
sion, shall, after providing the public with notice and 
the opportunity to comment— 
(A) establish standards governing the com-
parison of data for voter registration list main-
tenance purposes, identifying as part of such 
standards the specific data elements, the 
matching rules used, and how a State may use 
the data to determine and deem that an indi-
vidual is ineligible under State law to vote in an 
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election, or to deem a record to be a duplicate 
or outdated; 
(B) ensure that the standards developed 
pursuant to this paragraph are uniform and 
nondiscriminatory and are applied in a uniform 
and nondiscriminatory manner; 
(C) not later than 45 days after the dead-
line for public notice and comment, publish the 
standards developed pursuant to this paragraph 
on the Director’s website and make those 
standards available in written form upon re-
quest; and 
(D) ensure that the standards developed 
pursuant to this paragraph are maintained and 
updated in a manner that reflects innovations 
and best practices in the security of database 
management. 
(3) SECURITY POLICY.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall, after providing the public 
with notice and the opportunity to comment, 
publish privacy and security standards for voter 
registration information not later than 45 days 
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after the deadline for public notice and com-
ment. The standards shall require the chief 
State election official of each State to adopt a 
policy that shall specify— 
(i) each class of users who shall have 
authorized access to the computerized 
statewide voter registration list, specifying 
for each class the permission and levels of 
access to be granted, and setting forth 
other safeguards to protect the privacy, se-
curity, and accuracy of the information on 
the list; and 
(ii) security safeguards to protect per-
sonal information transmitted through the 
information transmittal processes of sec-
tion 5A(b) of the National Voter Registra-
tion Act of 1993, any telephone interface, 
the maintenance of the voter registration 
database, and any audit procedure to track 
access to the system. 
(B) MAINTENANCE AND UPDATING.—The 
Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology shall ensure that the standards 
developed pursuant to this paragraph are main-
tained and updated in a manner that reflects 
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innovations and best practices in the privacy 
and security of voter registration information. 
(4) 
STATE
COMPLIANCE
WITH
NATIONAL 
STANDARDS.— 
(A) CERTIFICATION.—The chief State elec-
tion official of the State shall annually file with 
the Commission a statement certifying to the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology that the State is in compliance 
with the standards referred to in paragraphs 
(2) and (3). A State may meet the requirement 
of the previous sentence by filing with the Com-
mission a statement that reads as follows: 
‘‘lllll hereby certifies that it is in 
compliance with the standards referred to in 
paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 1003(d) of 
the Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2023.’’ 
(with the blank to be filled in with the name of 
the State involved). 
(B) PUBLICATION OF POLICIES AND PRO-
CEDURES.—The chief State election official of a 
State shall publish on the official’s website the 
policies and procedures established under this 
section, and shall make those policies and pro-
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cedures available in written form upon public 
request. 
(C) FUNDING
DEPENDENT
ON
CERTIFI-
CATION.—If a State does not timely file the cer-
tification required under this paragraph, it shall 
not receive any payment under this part for the 
upcoming fiscal year. 
(D) COMPLIANCE
OF
STATES
THAT
RE-
QUIRE CHANGES TO STATE LAW.—In the case 
of a State that requires State legislation to 
carry out an activity covered by any certifi-
cation submitted under this paragraph, for a 
period of not more than 2 years, the State shall 
be permitted to make the certification notwith-
standing that the legislation has not been en-
acted at the time the certification is submitted, 
and such State shall submit an additional cer-
tification once such legislation is enacted. 
(e) RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INFORMATION.—No 
person acting under color of law may discriminate against 
any individual based on, or use for any purpose other than 
voter registration, election administration, juror selection, 
or enforcement relating to election crimes, any of the fol-
lowing: 
(1) Voter registration records. 
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(2) An individual’s declination to register to 
vote or complete an affirmation of citizenship under 
section 5A of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993. 
(3) An individual’s voter registration status. 
(f) PROHIBITION ON THE USE OF VOTER REGISTRA-
TION INFORMATION FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES.—In-
formation collected under this part or the amendments 
made by this part shall not be used for commercial pur-
poses. Nothing in this subsection may be construed to pro-
hibit the transmission, exchange, or dissemination of in-
formation for political purposes, including the support of 
campaigns for election for Federal, State, or local public 
office or the activities of political committees (including 
committees of political parties) under the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.). 
SEC. 1004. PAYMENTS AND GRANTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall make 
grants to each eligible State to assist the State in imple-
menting the requirements of this part and the amend-
ments made by this part (or, in the case of an exempt 
State, in implementing its existing automatic voter reg-
istration program or expanding its automatic voter reg-
istration program in a manner consistent with the require-
ments of this part) with respect to the offices of the State 
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motor vehicle authority and any other offices of the State 
at which the State offers voter registration services as de-
scribed in this part and the amendments made by this 
part. 
(b) ELIGIBILITY; APPLICATION.—A State is eligible 
to receive a grant under this section if the State submits 
to the Commission, at such time and in such form as the 
Commission may require, an application containing— 
(1) a description of the activities the State will 
carry out with the grant; 
(2) an assurance that the State shall carry out 
such activities without partisan bias and without 
promoting any particular point of view regarding 
any issue; and 
(3) such other information and assurances as 
the Commission may require. 
(c) AMOUNT OF GRANT; PRIORITIES.—The Commis-
sion shall determine the amount of a grant made to an 
eligible State under this section. In determining the 
amounts of the grants, the Commission shall give priority 
to providing funds for those activities that are most likely 
to accelerate compliance with the requirements of this part 
(or, in the case of an exempt State, which are most likely 
to enhance the ability of the State to automatically reg-
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ister individuals to vote through its existing automatic 
voter registration program), including— 
(1) investments supporting electronic informa-
tion transfer, including electronic collection and 
transfer of signatures, between applicable agencies 
(as defined in section 5A of the National Voter Reg-
istration Act of 1993) and the appropriate State 
election officials; 
(2) updates to online or electronic voter reg-
istration systems already operating as of the date of 
enactment of this Act; 
(3) introduction of online voter registration sys-
tems in jurisdictions in which those systems did not 
previously exist; and 
(4) public education on the availability of new 
methods of registering to vote, updating registration, 
and correcting registration. 
(d) EXEMPT STATE.—For purposes of this section, 
the term ‘‘exempt State’’ has the meaning given that term 
in section 5A of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993, and also includes a State in which, under law that 
is in effect continuously on and after the date of enact-
ment of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993, 
there is no voter registration requirement for any voter 
in the State with respect to an election for Federal office. 
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(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out this section— 
(A) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
and 
(B) such sums as may be necessary for 
each succeeding fiscal year. 
(2) CONTINUING
AVAILABILITY
OF
FUNDS.— 
Any amounts appropriated pursuant to the authority 
of this subsection shall remain available without fis-
cal year limitation until expended. 
SEC. 1005. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. 
(a) ENFORCEMENT.—Section 11 of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20510), relat-
ing to civil enforcement and the availability of private 
rights of action, shall apply with respect to this part in 
the same manner as such section applies to such Act. 
(b) RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.—Except as pro-
vided, nothing in this part or the amendments made by 
this part may be construed to authorize or require conduct 
prohibited under, or to supersede, restrict, or limit the ap-
plication of any of the following: 
(1) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10301 et seq.). 
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(2) The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Ab-
sentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.). 
(3) The National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) (other than section 
5A thereof). 
(4) The Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 
U.S.C. 20901 et seq.). 
(5) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 
1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.). 
SEC. 1006. DEFINITIONS. 
In this part, the following definitions apply: 
(1) The term ‘‘chief State election official’’ 
means, with respect to a State, the individual des-
ignated by the State under section 10 of the Na-
tional Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20509) to be responsible for coordination of the 
State’s responsibilities under such Act. 
(2) The term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Election 
Assistance Commission. 
(3) The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the several 
States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth 
of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, 
Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
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SEC. 1007. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), this part and the amendments made by this part shall 
apply on and after January 1, 2025. 
(b) WAIVER.—If a State certifies to the Commission 
not later than January 1, 2025, that the State will not 
meet the deadline described in subsection (a) because it 
would be impracticable to do so and includes in the certifi-
cation the reasons for the failure to meet such deadline, 
subsection (a) shall apply to the State as if the reference 
in such subsection to ‘‘January 1, 2025’’ were a reference 
to ‘‘January 1, 2027’’. 
PART 2—ELECTION DAY AS LEGAL PUBLIC 
HOLIDAY 
SEC. 1011. ELECTION DAY AS LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 6103(a) of title 5, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat-
ing to Columbus Day, the following: 
‘‘Election Day, the Tuesday next after the first Mon-
day in November in each even-numbered year.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 241(b) of 
the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20981(b)) 
is amended— 
(1) by striking paragraph (10); and 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (11) through 
(19) as paragraphs (10) through (18), respectively. 
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(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to the regularly 
scheduled general elections for Federal office held in No-
vember 2024 or any succeeding year. 
PART 3—PROMOTING INTERNET REGISTRATION 
SEC. 1021. REQUIRING AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET FOR 
VOTER REGISTRATION. 
(a) REQUIRING AVAILABILITY
OF INTERNET
FOR 
REGISTRATION.—The National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20501 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 6 the following new section: 
‘‘SEC. 6A. INTERNET REGISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRING AVAILABILITY OF INTERNET FOR 
ONLINE REGISTRATION.—Each State, acting through the 
chief State election official, shall ensure that the following 
services are available to the public at any time on the offi-
cial public websites of the appropriate State and local elec-
tion officials in the State, in the same manner and subject 
to the same terms and conditions as the services provided 
by voter registration agencies under section 7(a): 
‘‘(1) Online application for voter registration. 
‘‘(2) Online assistance to applicants in applying 
to register to vote. 
‘‘(3) Online completion and submission by ap-
plicants of the mail voter registration application 
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form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commis-
sion pursuant to section 9(a)(2), including assist-
ance with providing a signature as required under 
subsection (c). 
‘‘(4) Online receipt of completed voter registra-
tion applications. 
‘‘(b) ACCEPTANCE OF COMPLETED APPLICATIONS.— 
A State shall accept an online voter registration applica-
tion provided by an individual under this section, and en-
sure that the individual is registered to vote in the State, 
if— 
‘‘(1) the individual meets the same voter reg-
istration requirements applicable to individuals who 
register to vote by mail in accordance with section 
6(a)(1) using the mail voter registration application 
form prescribed by the Election Assistance Commis-
sion pursuant to section 9(a)(2); and 
‘‘(2) the individual meets the requirements of 
subsection (c) to provide a signature in electronic 
form (but only in the case of applications submitted 
during or after the second year in which this section 
is in effect in the State). 
‘‘(c) SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this sec-
tion, an individual meets the requirements of this 
subsection as follows: 
‘‘(A) In the case of an individual who has 
a signature on file with a State agency, includ-
ing the State motor vehicle authority, that is 
required to provide voter registration services 
under this Act or any other law, the individual 
consents to the transfer of that electronic signa-
ture. 
‘‘(B) If subparagraph (A) does not apply, 
the individual submits with the application an 
electronic copy of the individual’s handwritten 
signature through electronic means. 
‘‘(C) If subparagraph (A) and subpara-
graph (B) do not apply, the individual executes 
a computerized mark in the signature field on 
an online voter registration application, in ac-
cordance with reasonable security measures es-
tablished by the State, but only if the State ac-
cepts such mark from the individual. 
‘‘(2) TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUALS UNABLE TO 
MEET REQUIREMENT.—If an individual is unable to 
meet the requirements under paragraph (1), the 
State shall— 
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‘‘(A) permit the individual to complete all 
other elements of the online voter registration 
application; 
‘‘(B) permit the individual to provide a sig-
nature at the time the individual requests a bal-
lot in an election (whether the individual re-
quests the ballot at a polling place or requests 
the ballot by mail); and 
‘‘(C) if the individual carries out the steps 
described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), ensure 
that the individual is registered to vote in the 
State. 
‘‘(3) NOTICE.—The State shall ensure that in-
dividuals applying to register to vote online are noti-
fied of the requirements under paragraph (1) and of 
the treatment of individuals unable to meet such re-
quirements, as described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(d) CONFIRMATION AND DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(1) CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Upon the online sub-
mission of a completed voter registration appli-
cation by an individual under this section, the 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the individual a notice confirming the 
State’s receipt of the application and providing 
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instructions on how the individual may check 
the status of the application. 
‘‘(B) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.—The 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the notice required under subparagraph 
(A) though the online submission process and— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
has provided the official with an electronic 
mail address, by electronic mail; and 
‘‘(ii) at the option of the individual, 
by text message. 
‘‘(2) NOTICE OF DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 7 days 
after the date on which the appropriate State or 
local election official approves or rejects an ap-
plication submitted by an individual under this 
section, the official shall provide the individual 
a notice of the disposition of the application. 
‘‘(B) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.—The 
appropriate State or local election official shall 
provide the notice required under subparagraph 
(A) by regular mail and— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
has provided the official with an electronic 
mail address, by electronic mail; and 
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‘‘(ii) at the option of the individual, 
by text message. 
‘‘(e) PROVISION
OF SERVICES
IN NONPARTISAN 
MANNER.—The services made available under subsection 
(a) shall be provided in a manner that ensures that— 
‘‘(1) the online application does not seek to in-
fluence an applicant’s political preference or party 
registration; and 
‘‘(2) there is no display on the website pro-
moting any political preference or party allegiance, 
except that nothing in this paragraph may be con-
strued to prohibit an applicant from registering to 
vote as a member of a political party. 
‘‘(f) PROTECTION OF SECURITY OF INFORMATION.— 
In meeting the requirements of this section, the State shall 
establish appropriate technological security measures to 
prevent to the greatest extent practicable any unauthor-
ized access to information provided by individuals using 
the services made available under subsection (a). 
‘‘(g) ACCESSIBILITY OF SERVICES.—A State shall en-
sure that the services made available under this section 
are made available to individuals with disabilities to the 
same extent as services are made available to all other in-
dividuals. 
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‘‘(h) NONDISCRIMINATION
AMONG
REGISTERED 
VOTERS USING MAIL AND ONLINE REGISTRATION.—In 
carrying out this Act, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.), or any other Federal, State, 
or local law governing the treatment of registered voters 
in the State or the administration of elections for public 
office in the State, a State shall treat a registered voter 
who registered to vote online in accordance with this sec-
tion in the same manner as the State treats a registered 
voter who registered to vote by mail.’’. 
(b) SPECIAL
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
INDIVIDUALS 
USING ONLINE REGISTRATION.— 
(1) TREATMENT AS INDIVIDUALS REGISTERING 
TO VOTE BY MAIL FOR PURPOSES OF FIRST-TIME 
VOTER
IDENTIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
303(b)(1)(A) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 
(52 U.S.C. 21083(b)(1)(A)) is amended by striking 
‘‘by mail’’ and inserting ‘‘by mail or online under 
section 6A of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993’’. 
(2) REQUIRING
SIGNATURE
FOR
FIRST-TIME 
VOTERS IN JURISDICTION.—Section 303(b) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(b)) is amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
paragraph (6); and 
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(B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
following new paragraph: 
‘‘(5) SIGNATURE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
FIRST- 
TIME VOTERS USING ONLINE REGISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—A State shall, in a 
uniform and nondiscriminatory manner, require 
an individual to meet the requirements of sub-
paragraph (B) if— 
‘‘(i) the individual registered to vote 
in the State online under section 6A of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993; 
and 
‘‘(ii) the individual has not previously 
voted in an election for Federal office in 
the State. 
‘‘(B) 
REQUIREMENTS.—An 
individual 
meets the requirements of this subparagraph 
if— 
‘‘(i) in the case of an individual who 
votes in person, the individual provides the 
appropriate State or local election official 
with a handwritten signature; or 
‘‘(ii) in the case of an individual who 
votes by mail, the individual submits with 
the ballot a handwritten signature. 
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‘‘(C) 
INAPPLICABILITY.—Subparagraph 
(A) does not apply in the case of an individual 
who is— 
‘‘(i) entitled to vote by absentee ballot 
under the Uniformed and Overseas Citi-
zens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 
20302 et seq.); 
‘‘(ii) provided the right to vote other-
wise 
than 
in 
person 
under 
section 
3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Voting Accessibility 
for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 
U.S.C. 20102(b)(2)(B)(ii)); or 
‘‘(iii) entitled to vote otherwise than 
in person under any other Federal law.’’. 
(3) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
EFFECTIVE
DATE.—Section 303(d)(2)(A) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(2)(A)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘Each State’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as pro-
vided in subsection (b)(5), each State’’. 
(c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) TIMING OF REGISTRATION.—Section 8(a)(1) 
of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 
U.S.C. 
20507(a)(1)), 
as 
amended 
by 
section 
1002(b)(3), is amended— 
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(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub-
paragraph (D); 
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
subparagraph (F); and 
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
the following new subparagraph: 
‘‘(E) in the case of online registration 
through the official public website of an election 
official under section 6A, if the valid voter reg-
istration application is submitted online not 
later than the lesser of 28 days, or the period 
provided by State law, before the date of the 
election (as determined by treating the date on 
which the application is sent electronically as 
the date on which it is submitted); and’’. 
(2) INFORMING
APPLICANTS
OF
ELIGIBILITY 
REQUIREMENTS
AND
PENALTIES.—Section 8(a)(5) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(5)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘and 7’’ and inserting ‘‘6A, and 7’’. 
SEC. 1022. USE OF INTERNET TO UPDATE REGISTRATION 
INFORMATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) UPDATES TO INFORMATION CONTAINED ON 
COMPUTERIZED
STATEWIDE
VOTER
REGISTRATION 
LIST.—Section 303(a) of the Help America Vote Act 
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of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21083(a)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(6) USE OF INTERNET BY REGISTERED VOT-
ERS TO UPDATE INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The appropriate State 
or local election official shall ensure that any 
registered voter on the computerized list may at 
any time update the voter’s registration infor-
mation, including the voter’s address and elec-
tronic mail address, online through the official 
public website of the election official responsible 
for the maintenance of the list, so long as the 
voter attests to the contents of the update by 
providing a signature in electronic form in the 
same manner required under section 6A(c) of 
the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. 
‘‘(B) PROCESSING OF UPDATED INFORMA-
TION BY ELECTION OFFICIALS.—If a registered 
voter updates registration information under 
subparagraph (A), the appropriate State or 
local election official shall— 
‘‘(i) revise any information on the 
computerized list to reflect the update 
made by the voter; and 
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‘‘(ii) if the updated registration infor-
mation affects the voter’s eligibility to vote 
in an election for Federal office, ensure 
that the information is processed with re-
spect to the election if the voter updates 
the information not later than the lesser of 
7 days, or the period provided by State 
law, before the date of the election. 
‘‘(C) CONFIRMATION AND DISPOSITION.— 
‘‘(i) CONFIRMATION
OF
RECEIPT.— 
Upon the online submission of updated 
registration information by an individual 
under this paragraph, the appropriate 
State or local election official shall send 
the individual a notice confirming the 
State’s receipt of the updated information 
and providing instructions on how the indi-
vidual may check the status of the update. 
‘‘(ii) NOTICE
OF
DISPOSITION.—Not 
later than 7 days after the appropriate 
State or local election official has accepted 
or rejected updated information submitted 
by an individual under this paragraph, the 
official shall send the individual a notice of 
the disposition of the update. 
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‘‘(iii) METHOD
OF
NOTIFICATION.— 
The appropriate State or local election offi-
cial shall send the notices required under 
this subparagraph by regular mail and— 
‘‘(I) in the case of an individual 
who has requested that the State pro-
vide voter registration and voting in-
formation through electronic mail, by 
electronic mail; and 
‘‘(II) at the option of the indi-
vidual, by text message.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
EFFECTIVE
DATE.—Section 303(d)(1)(A) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 21083(d)(1)(A)) is amended by 
striking ‘‘subparagraph (B)’’ and inserting ‘‘sub-
paragraph (B) and subsection (a)(6)’’. 
(b) ABILITY OF REGISTRANT TO USE ONLINE UP-
DATE TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON RESIDENCE.—Sec-
tion 8(d)(2)(A) of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(d)(2)(A)) is amended— 
(1) in the first sentence, by inserting after ‘‘re-
turn the card’’ the following: ‘‘or update the reg-
istrant’s information on the computerized statewide 
voter registration list using the online method pro-
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vided under section 303(a)(6) of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002’’; and 
(2) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘re-
turned,’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘returned or if 
the registrant does not update the registrant’s infor-
mation on the computerized statewide voter registra-
tion list using such online method,’’. 
SEC. 1023. PROVISION OF ELECTION INFORMATION BY 
ELECTRONIC MAIL TO INDIVIDUALS REG-
ISTERED TO VOTE. 
(a) INCLUDING OPTION ON VOTER REGISTRATION 
APPLICATION TO PROVIDE EMAIL ADDRESS AND RE-
CEIVE INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 9(b) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20508(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (3); 
(B) in paragraph (4)— 
(i) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), 
and (iii) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and 
(C), respectively; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (C), as so redes-
ignated, by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(5) shall include a space for the applicant to 
provide (at the applicant’s option) an electronic mail 
address, together with a statement that, if the appli-
cant so requests, instead of using regular mail the 
appropriate State and local election officials shall 
provide to the applicant, through electronic mail sent 
to that address, the same voting information (as de-
fined in section 302(b)(2) of the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002) that the officials would provide to the 
applicant through regular mail.’’. 
(2) PROHIBITING
USE
FOR
PURPOSES
UNRE-
LATED
TO
OFFICIAL
DUTIES
OF
ELECTION
OFFI-
CIALS.—Section 9 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(c) PROHIBITING USE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL AD-
DRESSES FOR OTHER THAN OFFICIAL PURPOSES.—The 
chief State election official shall ensure that any electronic 
mail address provided by an applicant under subsection 
(b)(5) is used only for purposes of carrying out official 
duties of election officials and is not transmitted by any 
State or local election official (or any agent of such an 
official, including a contractor) to any person who does 
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not require the address to carry out such official duties 
and who is not under the direct supervision and control 
of a State or local election official.’’. 
(b) REQUIRING PROVISION
OF INFORMATION
BY 
ELECTION OFFICIALS.—Section 302(b) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21082(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) PROVISION OF OTHER INFORMATION BY 
ELECTRONIC MAIL.—If an individual who is a reg-
istered voter has provided the State or local election 
official with an electronic mail address for the pur-
pose of receiving voting information (as described in 
section 9(b)(5) of the National Voter Registration 
Act of 1993), the appropriate State or local election 
official, through electronic mail transmitted not later 
than 7 days before the date of the election for Fed-
eral office involved, shall provide the individual with 
information on how to obtain the following informa-
tion by electronic means: 
‘‘(A)(i) If the individual is assigned to vote 
in the election at a specific polling place— 
‘‘(I) the name and address of the poll-
ing place; and 
‘‘(II) the hours of operation for the 
polling place. 
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‘‘(ii) If the individual is not assigned to 
vote in the election at a specific polling place— 
‘‘(I) the name and address of loca-
tions at which the individual is eligible to 
vote; and 
‘‘(II) the hours of operation for those 
locations. 
‘‘(B) A description of any identification or 
other information the individual may be re-
quired to present at the polling place or a loca-
tion described in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I) to vote 
in the election.’’. 
SEC. 1024. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENT REGARDING 
NECESSARY INFORMATION TO SHOW ELIGI-
BILITY TO VOTE. 
Section 8 of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (j) as sub-
section (k); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (i) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(j) REQUIREMENT FOR STATE TO REGISTER APPLI-
CANTS PROVIDING NECESSARY INFORMATION TO SHOW 
ELIGIBILITY TO VOTE.—For purposes meeting the re-
quirement of subsection (a)(1) that an eligible applicant 
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is registered to vote in an election for Federal office within 
the deadlines required under such subsection, the State 
shall consider an applicant to have provided a ‘valid voter 
registration form’ if— 
‘‘(1) the applicant has substantially completed 
the application form and attested to the statement 
required by section 9(b)(2); and 
‘‘(2) in the case of an applicant who registers 
to vote online in accordance with section 6A, the ap-
plicant provides a signature in accordance with sub-
section (c) of such section.’’. 
SEC. 1025. PROHIBITING STATE FROM REQUIRING APPLI-
CANTS TO PROVIDE MORE THAN LAST 4 DIG-
ITS OF SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER. 
(a) FORM
INCLUDED
WITH
APPLICATION
FOR 
MOTOR
VEHICLE
DRIVER’S
LICENSE.—Section 
5(c)(2)(B)(ii) of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(c)(2)(B)(ii)) is amended by strik-
ing the semicolon at the end and inserting the following: 
‘‘, and to the extent that the application requires the appli-
cant to provide a social security number, may not require 
the applicant to provide more than the last 4 digits of such 
number;’’. 
(b) NATIONAL MAIL VOTER REGISTRATION FORM.— 
Section 9(b)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 20508(b)(1)) is 
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amended by striking the semicolon at the end and insert-
ing the following: ‘‘, and to the extent that the form re-
quires the applicant to provide a social security number, 
the form may not require the applicant to provide more 
than the last 4 digits of such number;’’. 
SEC. 1026. APPLICATION OF RULES TO CERTAIN EXEMPT 
STATES. 
Section 4 of the National Voter Registration Act of 
1993 (52 U.S.C. 20503) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection: 
‘‘(c) APPLICATION OF INTERNET VOTER REGISTRA-
TION RULES.—Notwithstanding subsection (b), the fol-
lowing provisions shall apply to a State described in para-
graph (2) thereof: 
‘‘(1) Section 6A (as added by section 1021(a) 
of the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 
2023). 
‘‘(2) Section 8(a)(1)(E) (as added by section 
1021(c)(1) of the Voter Registration Modernization 
Act of 2023). 
‘‘(3) Section 8(a)(5) (as amended by section 
1021(c)(2) of Voter Registration Modernization Act 
of 2023), but only to the extent such provision re-
lates to section 6A. 
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‘‘(4) Section 8(j) (as added by section 1024 of 
the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 2023), 
but only to the extent such provision relates to sec-
tion 6A.’’. 
SEC. 1027. REPORT ON DATA COLLECTION RELATING TO 
ONLINE VOTER REGISTRATION SYSTEMS. 
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress 
a report on local, State, and Federal personally identifi-
able information data collections efforts related to online 
voter registration systems, the cybersecurity resources 
necessary to defend such efforts from online attacks, and 
the impact of a potential data breach of local, State, or 
Federal online voter registration systems. 
SEC. 1028. PERMITTING VOTER REGISTRATION APPLICA-
TION FORM TO SERVE AS APPLICATION FOR 
ABSENTEE BALLOT. 
Section 5(c) of the National Voter Registration Act 
of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20504(c)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of sub-
paragraph (D); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
subparagraph (E) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(F) at the option of the applicant, shall serve 
as an application to vote by absentee ballot in the 
next election for Federal office held in the State and 
in each subsequent election for Federal office held in 
the State.’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(3)(A) In the case of an individual who is treated 
as having applied for an absentee ballot in the next elec-
tion for Federal office held in the State and in each subse-
quent election for Federal office held in the State under 
paragraph (2)(F), such treatment shall remain effective 
until the earlier of such time as— 
‘‘(i) the individual is no longer registered to 
vote in the State; or 
‘‘(ii) the individual provides an affirmative writ-
ten notice revoking such treatment. 
‘‘(B) The treatment of an individual as having ap-
plied for an absentee ballot in the next election for Federal 
office held in the State and in each subsequent election 
for Federal office held in the State under paragraph 
(2)(F) shall not be revoked on the basis that the individual 
has not voted in an election’’. 
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SEC. 1029. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(b), the amendments made by this part (other than the 
amendments made by section 1024) shall apply with re-
spect to the regularly scheduled general election for Fed-
eral office held in November 2024 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office. 
(b) WAIVER.—If a State certifies to the Election As-
sistance Commission not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act that the State will not meet 
the deadline described in subsection (a) because it would 
be impracticable to do so and includes in the certification 
the reasons for the failure to meet such deadline, sub-
section (a) shall apply to the State as if the reference in 
such subsection to ‘‘the regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office held in November 2024’’ were a 
reference to ‘‘January 1, 2026’’. 
PART 4—SAME-DAY VOTER REGISTRATION 
SEC. 1031. SAME-DAY REGISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 304 and 305 as 
sections 305 and 306, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 303 the following 
new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 304. SAME-DAY REGISTRATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(1) REGISTRATION.—Each State shall permit 
any eligible individual on the day of a Federal elec-
tion and on any day when voting, including early 
voting, is permitted for a Federal election— 
‘‘(A) to register to vote in such election at 
the polling place using a form that meets the 
requirements under section 9(b) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (or, if the indi-
vidual is already registered to vote, to revise 
any of the individual’s voter registration infor-
mation); and 
‘‘(B) to cast a vote in such election. 
‘‘(2) EXCEPTION.—The requirements under 
paragraph (1) shall not apply to a State in which, 
under a State law in effect continuously on and after 
the date of enactment of this section, there is no 
voter registration requirement for individuals in the 
State with respect to elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(b) ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUAL.—For purposes of this 
section, the term ‘eligible individual’ means, with respect 
to any election for Federal office, an individual who is oth-
erwise qualified to vote in that election. 
‘‘(c) ENSURING
AVAILABILITY
OF
FORMS.—The 
State shall ensure that each polling place has copies of 
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any forms an individual may be required to complete in 
order to register to vote or revise the individual’s voter 
registration information under this section. 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 
each State shall be required to comply with the re-
quirements of this section for the regularly sched-
uled general election for Federal office occurring in 
November 2024 and for any subsequent election for 
Federal office. 
‘‘(2) SPECIAL RULES FOR ELECTIONS BEFORE 
NOVEMBER 2026.— 
‘‘(A) ELECTIONS
PRIOR
TO
NOVEMBER 
2026
GENERAL
ELECTION.—A State shall be 
deemed to be in compliance with the require-
ments of this section for the regularly scheduled 
general election for Federal office occurring in 
November 2024 and subsequent elections for 
Federal office occurring before the regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office in 
November 2026 if at least 1 location for each 
15,000 registered voters in each jurisdiction in 
the State meets such requirements, and such lo-
cation is reasonably located to serve voting pop-
ulations equitably across the jurisdiction. 
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‘‘(B) NOVEMBER
2026
GENERAL
ELEC-
TION.—If a State certifies to the Election As-
sistance Commission not later than November 
3, 2026, that the State will not be in compli-
ance with the requirements of this section for 
the regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office occurring in November 2026 be-
cause it would be impracticable to do so and in-
cludes in the certification the reasons for the 
failure to meet such requirements, the State 
shall be deemed to be in compliance with the re-
quirements of this section for such election if at 
least one location for each 15,000 registered 
voters in each jurisdiction in the State meets 
such requirements, and such location is reason-
ably located to serve voting populations equi-
tably across the jurisdiction.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT RELATING TO EN-
FORCEMENT.—Section 401 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21111) 
is amended by striking ‘‘sections 301, 302, and 303’’ and 
inserting ‘‘subtitle A of title III’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 304 and 305 as relating to sections 305 and 
306, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 303 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 304. Same-day registration.’’. 
SEC. 1032. ENSURING PRE-ELECTION REGISTRATION DEAD-
LINES ARE CONSISTENT WITH TIMING OF 
LEGAL PUBLIC HOLIDAYS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 8(a)(1) of the National 
Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 20507(a)(1)) 
is amended by striking ‘‘30 days’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘28 days’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections held 
in 2024 or any succeeding year. 
PART 5—STREAMLINE VOTER REGISTRATION 
INFORMATION, ACCESS, AND PRIVACY 
SEC. 1041. AUTHORIZING THE DISSEMINATION OF VOTER 
REGISTRATION 
INFORMATION 
DISPLAYS 
FOLLOWING NATURALIZATION CEREMONIES. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The Secretary of Homeland 
Security shall establish a process for authorizing the chief 
State election official of a State to disseminate voter reg-
istration information at the conclusion of any naturaliza-
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tion ceremony conducted by the Department of Homeland 
Security, its constituent agencies, or the Federal judiciary. 
(b) NO EFFECT ON OTHER AUTHORITY.—Nothing in 
this section shall be construed to imply that a Federal 
agency cannot provide voter registration services beyond 
those minimally required herein, or to imply that agencies 
not named may not distribute voter registration informa-
tion or provide voter registration services up to the limits 
of their statutory and funding authority. 
(c) DESIGNATED
VOTER
REGISTRATION
AGEN-
CIES.—In any State or other location in which a Federal 
agency is designated as a voter registration agency under 
section 7(a)(3)(B)(ii) of the National Voter Registration 
Act, the voter registration responsibilities incurred 
through such designation shall supersede the requirements 
described in this section. 
SEC. 1042. INCLUSION OF VOTER REGISTRATION INFORMA-
TION WITH CERTAIN LEASES AND VOUCHERS 
FOR FEDERALLY ASSISTED RENTAL HOUSING 
AND MORTGAGE APPLICATIONS. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) BUREAU.—The term ‘‘Bureau’’ means the 
Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection. 
(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the Bureau. 
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(3) FEDERAL RENTAL ASSISTANCE.—The term 
‘‘Federal rental assistance’’ means rental assistance 
provided under— 
(A) any covered housing program, as de-
fined in section 41411(a) of the Violence 
Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 
12491(a)); 
(B) title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 
U.S.C. 1471 et seq.), including voucher assist-
ance under section 542 of such title (42 U.S.C. 
1490r); 
(C) the Housing Trust Fund program 
under section 1338 of the Federal Housing En-
terprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act 
of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4588); or 
(D) subtitle C of title IV of the McKinney- 
Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
11381 et seq.). 
(4) FEDERALLY BACKED MULTIFAMILY MORT-
GAGE
LOAN.—The term ‘‘federally backed multi-
family mortgage loan’’ includes any loan (other than 
temporary financing such as a construction loan) 
that— 
(A) is secured by a first or subordinate lien 
on residential multifamily real property de-
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signed principally for the occupancy of 5 or 
more families, including any such secured loan, 
the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay 
off an existing loan secured by the same prop-
erty; and 
(B) is made in whole or in part, or in-
sured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in 
any way, by any officer or agency of the Fed-
eral Government or under or in connection with 
a housing or urban development program ad-
ministered by the Secretary of Housing and 
Urban Development or a housing or related 
program administered by any other such officer 
or agency, or is purchased or securitized by the 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or 
the Federal National Mortgage Association. 
(5) OWNER.—The term ‘‘owner’’ has the mean-
ing given the term in section 8(f) of the United 
States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(f)). 
(6) PUBLIC HOUSING; PUBLIC HOUSING AGEN-
CY.—The terms ‘‘public housing’’ and ‘‘public hous-
ing agency’’ have the meanings given those terms in 
section 3(b) of the United States Housing Act of 
1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)). 
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(7) RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOAN.—The term 
‘‘residential mortgage loan’’ includes any loan that is 
secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential 
real property, including individual units of con-
dominiums and cooperatives, designed principally for 
the occupancy of from 1 to 4 families. 
(b) UNIFORM STATEMENT.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT.—The Director, after con-
sultation with the Election Assistance Commission, 
shall develop a uniform statement designed to pro-
vide recipients of the statement pursuant to this sec-
tion with information on how the recipient can reg-
ister to vote and the voting rights of the recipient 
under law. 
(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—In developing the uni-
form statement, the Director shall be responsible 
for— 
(A) establishing the format of the state-
ment; 
(B) consumer research and testing of the 
statement; and 
(C) consulting with and obtaining from the 
Election Assistance Commission the content re-
garding voter rights and registration issues 
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needed to ensure the statement complies with 
the requirements of paragraph (1). 
(3) LANGUAGES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The uniform statement 
required under paragraph (1) shall be developed 
and made available in English and in each of 
the 10 languages most commonly spoken by in-
dividuals with limited English proficiency, as 
determined by the Director using information 
published by the Director of the Bureau of the 
Census. 
(B) PUBLICATION.—The Director shall 
make all translated versions of the uniform 
statement required under paragraph (1) pub-
licly available in a centralized location on the 
website of the Bureau. 
(c) LEASES AND VOUCHERS FOR FEDERALLY AS-
SISTED RENTAL HOUSING.—Each Federal agency admin-
istering a Federal rental assistance program shall re-
quire— 
(1) each public housing agency to provide a 
copy of the uniform statement developed pursuant to 
subsection (b) to each lessee of a dwelling unit in 
public housing administered by the agency— 
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(A) together with the lease for the dwelling 
unit, at the same time the lease is signed by the 
lessee; and 
(B) together with any income verification 
form, at the same time the form is provided to 
the lessee; 
(2) each public housing agency that administers 
rental assistance under the Housing Choice Voucher 
program under section 8(o) of the United States 
Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f(o)), includ-
ing the program under paragraph (13) of such sec-
tion 8(o), to provide a copy of the uniform statement 
developed pursuant to subsection (b) to each assisted 
family or individual— 
(A) together with the voucher for the as-
sistance, at the time the voucher is issued for 
the family or individual; and 
(B) together with any income verification 
form, at the time the voucher is provided to the 
applicant or assisted family or individual; and 
(3) each owner of a dwelling unit assisted with 
Federal rental assistance to provide a copy of the 
uniform statement developed pursuant to subsection 
(b) to the lessee of the dwelling unit— 
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(A) together with the lease for such dwell-
ing unit, at the same time the lease is signed 
by the lessee; and 
(B) together with any income verification 
form, at the same time the form is provided to 
the applicant or tenant. 
(d) APPLICATIONS
FOR RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE 
LOANS.—The Director shall require each creditor (within 
the meaning of such term as used in section 1026.2(a)(17) 
of title 12, Code of Federal Regulations) that receives an 
application (within the meaning of such term as used in 
section 1026.2(a)(3)(ii) of title 12, Code of Federal Regu-
lations) to provide a copy of the uniform statement devel-
oped pursuant to subsection (b) in written form to the 
applicant for the residential mortgage loan not later than 
5 business days after the date of the application. 
(e) FEDERALLY BACKED MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGE 
LOANS.—The head of the Federal agency insuring, guar-
anteeing, supplementing, or assisting a federally backed 
multifamily mortgage loan, or the Director of the Federal 
Housing Finance Agency in the case of a federally backed 
multifamily mortgage loan that is purchased or securitized 
by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or the 
Federal National Mortgage Association, shall require the 
owner of the property secured by the federally backed mul-
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tifamily mortgage loan to provide a copy of the uniform 
statement developed pursuant to subsection (b) in written 
form to each lessee of a dwelling unit assisted by that loan 
at the time the lease is signed by the lessee. 
(f) OPTIONAL COMPLETION OF VOTER REGISTRA-
TION.—Nothing in this section may be construed to re-
quire any individual to complete a voter registration form. 
(g) REGULATIONS.—The head of a Federal agency 
administering a Federal rental assistance program, the 
head of the Federal agency insuring, guaranteeing, 
supplementing, or assisting a federally backed multifamily 
mortgage loan, the Director of the Federal Housing Fi-
nance Agency, and the Director may issue such regula-
tions as may be necessary to carry out this section. 
(h) NO EFFECT ON OTHER AUTHORITY.—Nothing in 
this section shall be construed to imply that a Federal 
agency cannot provide voter registration services beyond 
those minimally required herein, or to imply that agencies 
not named may not distribute voter registration informa-
tion or provide voter registration services up to the limits 
of their statutory and funding authority. 
(i) DESIGNATED VOTER REGISTRATION AGENCIES.— 
In any State or other location in which a Federal agency 
is designated as a voter registration agency under section 
7(a)(3)(B)(ii) of the National Voter Registration Act, the 
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voter registration responsibilities incurred through such 
designation shall supersede the requirements described in 
this section. 
SEC. 1043. ACCEPTANCE OF VOTER REGISTRATION APPLI-
CATIONS 
FROM 
INDIVIDUALS 
UNDER 
YEARS OF AGE. 
(a) ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS.—Section 8 of 
the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C. 
20507), as amended by section 1024, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (k) as sub-
section (l); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (j) the fol-
lowing new subsection: 
‘‘(k) ACCEPTANCE OF APPLICATIONS FROM INDIVID-
UALS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State may not refuse to 
accept or process an individual’s application to reg-
ister to vote in elections for Federal office on the 
grounds that the individual is under 18 years of age 
at the time the individual submits the application, so 
long as the individual is at least 16 years of age at 
such time. 
‘‘(2) NO EFFECT ON STATE VOTING AGE RE-
QUIREMENTS.—Nothing in paragraph (1) may be 
construed to require a State to permit an individual 
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who is under 18 years of age at the time of an elec-
tion for Federal office to vote in the election.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to elections occur-
ring on or after January 1, 2024. 
SEC. 1044. REQUIRING STATES TO ESTABLISH AND OPER-
ATE VOTER PRIVACY PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Help America 
Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as amended 
by section 1031(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 305 and 306 as 
sections 306 and 307, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 304 the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 305. VOTER PRIVACY PROGRAMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall establish and 
operate a privacy program to enable victims of domestic 
violence, dating violence, stalking, sexual assault, and traf-
ficking to have personally identifiable information that 
State or local election officials maintain with respect to 
an individual voter registration status for purposes of elec-
tions for Federal office in the State, including addresses, 
be kept confidential. 
‘‘(b) NOTICE.—Each State shall notify residents of 
that State of the information that State and local election 
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officials maintain with respect to an individual voter reg-
istration status for purposes of elections for Federal office 
in the State, how that information is shared or sold and 
with whom, what information is automatically kept con-
fidential, what information is needed to access voter infor-
mation online, and the privacy programs that are avail-
able. 
‘‘(c) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—Each State shall make 
information about the program established under sub-
section (a) available on a publicly accessible website. 
‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The terms ‘dating violence’, ‘domestic vio-
lence’, ‘sexual assault’, and ‘stalking’ have the mean-
ings given those terms in section 40002 of the Vio-
lence Against Women Act of 1994 (34 U.S.C. 
12291). 
‘‘(2) The term ‘trafficking’ means an act or 
practice described in paragraph (11) or (12) of sec-
tion 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act 
of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102). 
‘‘(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Each State and jurisdiction 
shall be required to comply with the requirements of this 
section on and after January 1, 2025.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 305 and 306 as relating to sections 306 and 
307, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 304 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 305. Voter privacy programs.’’. 
PART 6—FUNDING SUPPORT TO STATES FOR 
COMPLIANCE 
SEC. 1051. AVAILABILITY OF REQUIREMENTS PAYMENTS 
UNDER HAVA TO COVER COSTS OF COMPLI-
ANCE WITH NEW REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 251(b) of the Help Amer-
ica Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21001(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘as provided 
in paragraphs (2) and (3)’’ and inserting ‘‘as other-
wise provided in this subsection’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) CERTAIN
VOTER
REGISTRATION
ACTIVI-
TIES.—Notwithstanding paragraph (3), a State may 
use a requirements payment to carry out any of the 
requirements of the Voter Registration Moderniza-
tion Act of 2023, including the requirements of the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 that are 
imposed pursuant to the amendments made to such 
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Act by the Voter Registration Modernization Act of 
2023.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 254(a)(1) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21004(a)(1)) is amended by strik-
ing 
‘‘section 
251(a)(2)’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘section 
251(b)(2)’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2024 
and each succeeding fiscal year. 
Subtitle B—Access to Voting for 
Individuals With Disabilities 
SEC. 1101. REQUIREMENTS FOR STATES TO PROMOTE AC-
CESS TO VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), 
as amended by section 1031(a) and section 1044(a), is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 306 and 307 as 
sections 307 and 308, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 305 the following 
new section: 
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‘‘SEC. 306. ACCESS TO VOTER REGISTRATION AND VOTING 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
‘‘(a) TREATMENT
OF
APPLICATIONS
AND
BAL-
LOTS.—Each State shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure that absentee registration forms, 
absentee ballot applications, and absentee ballots 
that are available electronically are accessible (as de-
fined in section 307); 
‘‘(2) permit individuals with disabilities to use 
absentee registration procedures and to vote by ab-
sentee ballot in elections for Federal office; 
‘‘(3) accept and process, with respect to any 
election for Federal office, any otherwise valid voter 
registration application and absentee ballot applica-
tion from an individual with a disability if the appli-
cation is received by the appropriate State election 
official within the deadline for the election which is 
applicable under Federal law; 
‘‘(4) in addition to any other method of reg-
istering to vote or applying for an absentee ballot in 
the State, establish procedures— 
‘‘(A) for individuals with disabilities to re-
quest by mail and electronically voter registra-
tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions with respect to elections for Federal office 
in accordance with subsection (c); 
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‘‘(B) for States to send by mail and elec-
tronically (in accordance with the preferred 
method of transmission designated by the indi-
vidual under subparagraph (C)) voter registra-
tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions requested under subparagraph (A) in ac-
cordance with subsection (c); and 
‘‘(C) by which such an individual can des-
ignate whether the individual prefers that such 
voter registration application or absentee ballot 
application be transmitted by mail or electroni-
cally; 
‘‘(5) in addition to any other method of trans-
mitting blank absentee ballots in the State, establish 
procedures for transmitting by mail and electroni-
cally blank absentee ballots to individuals with dis-
abilities with respect to elections for Federal office 
in accordance with subsection (d); and 
‘‘(6) if the State declares or otherwise holds a 
runoff election for Federal office, establish a written 
plan that provides absentee ballots are made avail-
able to individuals with disabilities in a manner that 
gives them sufficient time to vote in the runoff elec-
tion. 
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‘‘(b) DESIGNATION OF SINGLE STATE OFFICE TO 
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON REGISTRATION AND ABSEN-
TEE BALLOT PROCEDURES FOR VOTERS WITH DISABIL-
ITIES IN STATE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall designate 
a single office that shall be responsible for providing 
information regarding voter registration procedures, 
absentee ballot procedures, and in-person voting pro-
cedures to be used by individuals with disabilities 
with respect to elections for Federal office to all in-
dividuals with disabilities who wish to register to 
vote or vote in any jurisdiction in the State. 
‘‘(2) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Each State shall, 
through the office designated under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) provide information to election offi-
cials— 
‘‘(i) on how to set up and operate ac-
cessible voting systems; and 
‘‘(ii) regarding the accessibility of vot-
ing procedures, including guidance on com-
patibility with assistive technologies such 
as screen readers and ballot marking de-
vices; 
‘‘(B) integrate information on accessibility, 
accommodations, disability, and older individ-
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uals into regular training materials for poll 
workers and election administration officials; 
‘‘(C) train poll workers on how to make 
polling places accessible for individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals; 
‘‘(D) promote the hiring of individuals with 
disabilities and older individuals as poll workers 
and election staff; and 
‘‘(E) publicly post the results of any audits 
to determine the accessibility of polling places 
not later than 6 months after the completion of 
the audit. 
‘‘(c) DESIGNATION OF MEANS OF ELECTRONIC COM-
MUNICATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES TO 
REQUEST AND FOR STATES TO SEND VOTER REGISTRA-
TION APPLICATIONS AND ABSENTEE BALLOT APPLICA-
TIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES RELATED TO VOTING 
INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall, in addi-
tion to the designation of a single State office under 
subsection (b), designate not less than 1 means of 
accessible electronic communication— 
‘‘(A) for use by individuals with disabilities 
who wish to register to vote or vote in any ju-
risdiction in the State to request voter registra-
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tion applications and absentee ballot applica-
tions under subsection (a)(4); 
‘‘(B) for use by States to send voter reg-
istration applications and absentee ballot appli-
cations requested under such subsection; and 
‘‘(C) for the purpose of providing related 
voting, balloting, and election information to in-
dividuals with disabilities. 
‘‘(2) CLARIFICATION REGARDING PROVISION OF 
MULTIPLE
MEANS
OF
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICA-
TION.—A State may, in addition to the means of 
electronic communication so designated, provide 
multiple means of electronic communication to indi-
viduals with disabilities, including a means of elec-
tronic communication for the appropriate jurisdic-
tion of the State. 
‘‘(3) INCLUSION
OF
DESIGNATED
MEANS
OF 
ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATION
WITH
INFORMA-
TIONAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS THAT AC-
COMPANY BALLOTING MATERIALS.—Each State shall 
include a means of electronic communication so des-
ignated with all informational and instructional ma-
terials that accompany balloting materials sent by 
the State to individuals with disabilities. 
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‘‘(4) TRANSMISSION IF NO PREFERENCE INDI-
CATED.—In the case in which an individual with a 
disability does not designate a preference under sub-
section (a)(4)(C), the State shall transmit the voter 
registration application or absentee ballot application 
by any delivery method allowable in accordance with 
applicable State law, or if there is no applicable 
State law, by mail. 
‘‘(d) TRANSMISSION OF BLANK ABSENTEE BALLOTS 
BY MAIL AND ELECTRONICALLY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall establish 
procedures— 
‘‘(A) to securely transmit blank absentee 
ballots by mail and electronically (in accordance 
with the preferred method of transmission des-
ignated by the individual with a disability under 
subparagraph (B)) to individuals with disabil-
ities for an election for Federal office; and 
‘‘(B) by which the individual with a dis-
ability can designate whether the individual pre-
fers that such blank absentee ballot be trans-
mitted by mail or electronically. 
‘‘(2) TRANSMISSION IF NO PREFERENCE INDI-
CATED.—In the case where an individual with a dis-
ability does not designate a preference under para-
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graph (1)(B), the State shall transmit the ballot by 
any delivery method allowable in accordance with ap-
plicable State law, or if there is no applicable State 
law, by mail. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION OF METHODS TO TRACK DE-
LIVERY TO AND RETURN OF BALLOT BY INDIVIDUAL 
REQUESTING BALLOT.—Under the procedures estab-
lished under paragraph (1), the State shall apply 
such methods as the State considers appropriate, 
such as assigning a unique identifier to the ballot 
envelope, to ensure that if an individual with a dis-
ability requests the State to transmit a blank absen-
tee ballot to the individual in accordance with this 
subsection, the voted absentee ballot that is returned 
by the individual is the same blank absentee ballot 
that the State transmitted to the individual. 
‘‘(e) INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY DEFINED.—In 
this section, an ‘individual with a disability’ means an in-
dividual with an impairment that substantially limits any 
major life activities and who is otherwise qualified to vote 
in elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(f) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2024.’’. 
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(b) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT
RELATING
TO 
ISSUANCE OF VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE BY ELECTION AS-
SISTANCE COMMISSION.— 
(1) TIMING OF ISSUANCE.—Section 311(b) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para-
graph (2); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (3) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) in the case of the recommendations with 
respect to section 306, January 1, 2024.’’. 
(2) REDESIGNATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Title III of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.) is amended by redes-
ignating sections 311 and 312 as sections 321 
and 322, respectively. 
(B) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
321(a) of such Act, as redesignated by subpara-
graph (A), is amended by striking ‘‘section 
312’’ and inserting ‘‘section 322’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c) and section 
1044(b), is amended— 
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(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 306 and 307 as relating to sections 307 and 
308, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 305 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 306. Access to voter registration and voting for individuals with disabil-
ities.’’. 
SEC. 1102. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF STATE 
ACCESSIBLE ELECTION WEBSITES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as 
amended by section 1031(a), section 1044(a), and section 
1101(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 307 and 308 as 
sections 308 and 309, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 306 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 307. ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ACCES-
SIBLE ELECTION WEBSITES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 1, 2025, 
each State shall establish a single election website that is 
accessible and meets the following requirements: 
‘‘(1) 
LOCAL
ELECTION
OFFICIALS.—The 
website shall provide local election officials, poll 
workers, and volunteers with— 
‘‘(A) guidance to ensure that polling places 
are accessible for individuals with disabilities 
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and older individuals in a manner that provides 
the same opportunity for access and participa-
tion (including privacy and independence) as for 
other voters; and 
‘‘(B) online training and resources on— 
‘‘(i) how best to promote the access 
and participation of individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals in elections 
for public office; and 
‘‘(ii) the voting rights and protections 
for individuals with disabilities and older 
individuals under State and Federal law. 
‘‘(2) VOTERS.—The website shall provide infor-
mation about voting, including— 
‘‘(A) the accessibility of all polling places 
within the State, including outreach programs 
to inform individuals about the availability of 
accessible polling places; 
‘‘(B) how to register to vote and confirm 
voter registration in the State; 
‘‘(C) the location and operating hours of 
all polling places in the State; 
‘‘(D) the availability of aid or assistance 
for individuals with disabilities and older indi-
viduals to cast their vote in a manner that pro-
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100 
vides the same opportunity for access and par-
ticipation (including privacy and independence) 
as for other voters at polling places; 
‘‘(E) the availability of transportation aid 
or assistance to the polling place for individuals 
with disabilities or older individuals; 
‘‘(F) the rights and protections under 
State and Federal law for individuals with dis-
abilities and older individuals to participate in 
elections; and 
‘‘(G) how to contact State, local, and Fed-
eral officials with complaints or grievances if in-
dividuals with disabilities, older individuals, Na-
tive Americans, Alaska Natives, and individuals 
with limited proficiency in the English language 
feel their ability to register to vote or vote has 
been blocked or delayed. 
‘‘(b) PARTNERSHIP WITH OUTSIDE TECHNICAL OR-
GANIZATION.—The chief State election official of each 
State, through the committee of appropriate individuals 
under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with an outside 
technical organization with demonstrated experience in es-
tablishing accessible and easy to use accessible election 
websites to— 
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101 
‘‘(1) update an existing election website of the 
State to make the website fully accessible in accord-
ance with this section; or 
‘‘(2) develop an election website of the State 
that is fully accessible in accordance with this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(c) STATE PLAN.— 
‘‘(1) DEVELOPMENT.—The chief State election 
official of each State shall, through a committee of 
appropriate individuals as described in paragraph 
(2), develop a State plan that describes how the 
State and local governments will meet the require-
ments under this section. 
‘‘(2) COMMITTEE
MEMBERSHIP.—The com-
mittee shall comprise at least the following individ-
uals: 
‘‘(A) The chief election officials of the 4 
most populous jurisdictions within the State. 
‘‘(B) The chief election officials of the 4 
least populous jurisdictions within the State. 
‘‘(C) Representatives from 2 disability ad-
vocacy groups, including not fewer than 1 such 
representative who is an individual with a dis-
ability. 
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102 
‘‘(D) Representatives from 2 older indi-
vidual advocacy groups, including not fewer 
than 1 such representative who is an older indi-
vidual. 
‘‘(E) Representatives from 2 independent 
non-governmental organizations with expertise 
in establishing and maintaining accessible 
websites. 
‘‘(F) Representatives from 2 independent 
non-governmental voting rights organizations. 
‘‘(G) Representatives from State protection 
and advocacy systems, as defined in section 102 
of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance 
and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 
15002). 
‘‘(d) PARTNERSHIP TO MONITOR AND VERIFY AC-
CESSIBILITY.—The chief State election official of each eli-
gible State, through the committee of appropriate individ-
uals established under subsection (c)(2), shall partner with 
not fewer than 2 of the following organizations to monitor 
and verify the accessibility of the election website of the 
State and the completeness of the election information and 
the accuracy of the disability information provided on such 
website: 
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103 
‘‘(1) University Centers for Excellence in Devel-
opmental Disabilities Education, Research, and 
Services established under subtitle D of title I of the 
Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of 
Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15061 et seq.). 
‘‘(2) Centers for independent living, as de-
scribed in part C of title VII of the Rehabilitation 
Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796f et seq.). 
‘‘(3) The State Council on Developmental Dis-
abilities established under section 125 of the Devel-
opmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights 
Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15025). 
‘‘(4) State protection and advocacy systems, as 
defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabil-
ities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 
U.S.C. 15002). 
‘‘(5) Statewide Independent Living Councils es-
tablished under section 705 of the Rehabilitation Act 
of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 796d). 
‘‘(6) State programs established under the As-
sistive Technology Act of 1998 (29 U.S.C. 3001 et 
seq.). 
‘‘(7) A visual access advocacy organization. 
‘‘(8) An organization for the deaf. 
‘‘(9) A mental health organization. 
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104 
‘‘(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section, 
section 305, and section 307: 
‘‘(1) 
ACCESSIBLE.—The 
term 
‘accessible’ 
means— 
‘‘(A) in the case of the election website 
under subsection (a) or an electronic commu-
nication under section 305— 
‘‘(i) that the functions and content of 
the website or electronic communication, 
including all text, visual, and aural con-
tent, are as accessible to people with dis-
abilities as to those without disabilities; 
‘‘(ii) that the functions and content of 
the website or electronic communication 
are accessible to individuals with limited 
proficiency in the English language; and 
‘‘(iii) that the website or electronic 
communication meets, at a minimum, con-
formance to Level AA of the Web Content 
Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 of the Web Ac-
cessibility Initiative (or any successor 
guidelines); and 
‘‘(B) in the case of a facility (including a 
polling place), that the facility is readily acces-
sible to and usable by individuals with disabil-
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105 
ities and older individuals, as determined under 
the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design 
of the Department of Justice, published on Sep-
tember 15, 2010 (or any successor standards). 
‘‘(2) INDIVIDUAL
WITH
A
DISABILITY.—The 
term ‘individual with a disability’ means an indi-
vidual with a disability, as defined in section 3 of the 
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
12102), and who is otherwise qualified to vote in 
elections for Federal office. 
‘‘(3) OLDER INDIVIDUAL.—The term ‘older in-
dividual’ means an individual who is 60 years of age 
or older and who is otherwise qualified to vote in 
elections for Federal office.’’. 
(b) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated 
by section 1101(b), is amended by striking ‘‘section 306’’ 
and inserting ‘‘sections 306 and 307’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), section 
1044(b), and section 1101(c), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 307 and 308 as relating to sections 308 and 
309, respectively; and 
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106 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 306 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 307. Establishment and maintenance of accessible election websites.’’. 
SEC. 1103. PROTECTIONS FOR IN-PERSON VOTING FOR IN-
DIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES AND OLDER 
INDIVIDUALS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 
et seq.), as amended by section 1031(a), section 
1044(a), section 1101(a), and section 1102(a), is 
amended— 
(A) by redesignating sections 308 and 309 
as sections 309 and 310, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after section 307 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘SEC. 308. ACCESS TO VOTING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIS-
ABILITIES AND OLDER INDIVIDUALS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Each State shall— 
‘‘(1) ensure all polling places within the State 
are accessible, as defined in section 306; 
‘‘(2) consider procedures to address long wait 
times at polling places that allow individuals with 
disabilities and older individuals alternate options to 
cast a ballot in person in an election for Federal of-
fice, such as the option to cast a ballot outside of 
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107 
the polling place or from a vehicle, or providing an 
expedited voting line; and 
‘‘(3) consider options to establish mobile polling 
sites to allow election officials or volunteers to travel 
to long-term care facilities and assist residents who 
request assistance in casting a ballot in order to 
maintain the privacy and independence of voters in 
those facilities. 
‘‘(b) CLARIFICATION.—Nothing in this section shall 
be construed to alter the requirements under Federal law 
that all polling places for Federal elections are accessible 
to individuals with disabilities and older individuals. 
‘‘(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2026.’’. 
(2) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) 
of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and re-
designated by section 1101(b) and as amended by 
section 1102(b), is amended by striking ‘‘and 307’’ 
and inserting ‘‘, 307, and 308’’. 
(3) CLERICAL
AMENDMENTS.—The table of 
contents of such Act, as amended by section 
1031(c), section 1044(b), section 1101(c), and sec-
tion 1102(c), is amended— 
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108 
(A) by redesignating the items relating to 
sections 308 and 309 as relating to sections 
309 and 310, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 307 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 308. Access to voting for individuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals.’’. 
(b) REVISIONS TO VOTING ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE 
ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ACT.— 
(1) REPORTS TO ELECTION ASSISTANCE COM-
MISSION.—Section 3(c) of the Voting Accessibility 
for the Elderly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 
20102(c)) is amended— 
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
‘‘FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION’’ and in-
serting ‘‘ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION’’; 
(B) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by 
striking ‘‘Federal Election Commission’’ and in-
serting ‘‘Election Assistance Commission’’; and 
(C) by striking paragraph (3). 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATING TO 
REFERENCES.—The Voting Accessibility for the El-
derly and Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20101 et 
seq.), as amended by paragraph (1), is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘handicapped and elderly 
individuals’’ each place it appears and inserting 
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109 
‘‘individuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘handicapped and elderly 
voters’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘in-
dividuals with disabilities and older individ-
uals’’; 
(C) in section 3(b)(2)(B), by striking 
‘‘handicapped or elderly voter’’ and inserting 
‘‘individual with a disability or older indi-
vidual’’; 
(D) in section 5(b), by striking ‘‘handi-
capped voter’’ and inserting ‘‘individual with a 
disability’’; and 
(E) in section 8— 
(i) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) ‘accessible’ has the meaning given that 
term in section 307 of the Help America Vote Act 
of 2002, as added by section 1102(a) of the Free-
dom to Vote Act; 
‘‘(2) ‘older individual’ has the meaning given 
that term in such section 307;’’; and 
(ii) by striking paragraph (4), and in-
serting the following: 
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110 
‘‘(4) ‘individual with a disability’ has the mean-
ing given that term in such section 306; and’’. 
(3) SHORT TITLE AMENDMENT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the Voting 
Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped 
Act (Public Law 98–435; 42 U.S.C. 1973ee 
note) is amended by striking ‘‘for the Elderly 
and Handicapped’’ and inserting ‘‘for Individ-
uals with Disabilities and Older Individuals’’. 
(B) REFERENCES.—Any reference in any 
other provision of law, regulation, document, 
paper, or other record of the United States to 
the ‘‘Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and 
Handicapped Act’’ shall be deemed to be a ref-
erence to the ‘‘Voting Accessibility for Individ-
uals with Disabilities and Older Individuals 
Act’’. 
(4) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall take effect on January 1, 
2026, and shall apply with respect to elections for 
Federal office held on or after that date. 
SEC. 1104. PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO 
GUARDIANSHIP. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the Help 
America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), as 
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111 
amended by section 1031(a), section 1044(a), section 
1101(a), section 1102(a), and section 1103(a)(1), is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 309 and 310 as 
sections 310 and 311, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 308 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 309. PROTECTIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS SUBJECT TO 
GUARDIANSHIP. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—A State shall not determine that 
an individual lacks the capacity to vote in an election for 
Federal office on the ground that the individual is subject 
to guardianship, unless a court of competent jurisdiction 
issues a court order finding by clear and convincing evi-
dence that the individual cannot communicate, with or 
without accommodations, a desire to participate in the vot-
ing process. 
‘‘(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to elections for Federal office held on or after 
January 1, 2024.’’. 
(b) VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE.—Section 321(b)(4) of 
such Act (52 U.S.C. 21101(b)), as added and redesignated 
by section 1101(b) and as amended by sections 1102 and 
1103, is amended by striking ‘‘and 308’’ and inserting 
‘‘308, and 309’’. 
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112 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), section 
1044(b), section 1101(c), section 1102(c), and section 
1103(a)(3), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 309 and 310 as relating to sections 310 and 
311, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 308 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 309. Protections for individuals subject to guardianship.’’. 
SEC. 1105. EXPANSION AND REAUTHORIZATION OF GRANT 
PROGRAM TO ASSURE VOTING ACCESS FOR 
INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) PURPOSES OF PAYMENTS.—Section 261(b) of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21021(b)) is 
amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) making absentee voting and voting at 
home accessible to individuals with the full range of 
disabilities (including impairments involving vision, 
hearing, mobility, or dexterity) through the imple-
mentation of accessible absentee voting systems that 
work in conjunction with assistive technologies for 
which individuals have access at their homes, inde-
pendent living centers, or other facilities; 
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113 
‘‘(2) making polling places, including the path 
of travel, entrances, exits, and voting areas of each 
polling facility, accessible to individuals with disabil-
ities, including the blind and visually impaired, in a 
manner that provides the same opportunity for ac-
cess and participation (including privacy and inde-
pendence) as for other voters; and 
‘‘(3) providing solutions to problems of access 
to voting and elections for individuals with disabil-
ities that are universally designed and provide the 
same opportunities for individuals with and without 
disabilities.’’. 
(b) REAUTHORIZATION.—Section 264(a) of such Act 
(52 U.S.C. 21024(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(4) For fiscal year 2024 and each succeeding 
fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry 
out this part.’’. 
(c) PERIOD OF AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Section 
264 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 21024) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘Any 
amounts’’ and inserting ‘‘Except as provided in sub-
section (c), any amounts’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
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114 
‘‘(c) RETURN AND TRANSFER OF CERTAIN FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) DEADLINE FOR OBLIGATION AND EXPEND-
ITURE.—In the case of any amounts appropriated 
pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) for a 
payment to a State or unit of local government for 
fiscal year 2024 or any succeeding fiscal year, any 
portion of such amounts which have not been obli-
gated or expended by the State or unit of local gov-
ernment prior to the expiration of the 4-year period 
that begins on the date the State or unit of local 
government first received the amounts shall be 
transferred to the Commission. 
‘‘(2) 
REALLOCATION
OF
TRANSFERRED 
AMOUNTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall 
use the amounts transferred under paragraph 
(1) to make payments on a pro rata basis to 
each covered payment recipient described in 
subparagraph (B), which may obligate and ex-
pend such payment for the purposes described 
in section 261(b) during the 1-year period 
which begins on the date of receipt. 
‘‘(B) COVERED PAYMENT RECIPIENTS DE-
SCRIBED.—In subparagraph (A), a ‘covered 
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115 
payment recipient’ is a State or unit of local 
government with respect to which— 
‘‘(i) amounts were appropriated pur-
suant to the authority of subsection (a); 
and 
‘‘(ii) no amounts were transferred to 
the Commission under paragraph (1).’’. 
SEC. 1106. PILOT PROGRAMS FOR ENABLING INDIVIDUALS 
WITH DISABILITIES TO REGISTER TO VOTE 
PRIVATELY AND INDEPENDENTLY AT RESI-
DENCES. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT
OF PILOT PROGRAMS.—The 
Election Assistance Commission (hereafter referred to as 
the ‘‘Commission’’) shall, subject to the availability of ap-
propriations to carry out this section, make grants to eligi-
ble States to conduct pilot programs under which individ-
uals with disabilities may use electronic means (including 
the internet and telephones utilizing assistive devices) to 
register to vote and to request and receive absentee ballots 
in a manner which permits such individuals to do so pri-
vately and independently at their own residences. 
(b) REPORTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A State receiving a grant for 
a year under this section shall submit a report to the 
Commission on the pilot programs the State carried 
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116 
out with the grant with respect to elections for pub-
lic office held in the State during the year. 
(2) DEADLINE.—A State shall submit a report 
under paragraph (1) not later than 90 days after 
the last election for public office held in the State 
during the year. 
(c) ELIGIBILITY.—A State is eligible to receive a 
grant under this section if the State submits to the Com-
mission, at such time and in such form as the Commission 
may require, an application containing such information 
and assurances as the Commission may require. 
(d) TIMING.—The Commission shall make the first 
grants under this section for pilot programs which will be 
in effect with respect to elections for Federal office held 
in 2024, or, at the option of a State, with respect to other 
elections for public office held in the State in 2024. 
(e) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, the term 
‘‘State’’ includes the District of Columbia, the Common-
wealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the 
United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
SEC. 1107. GAO ANALYSIS AND REPORT ON VOTING ACCESS 
FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. 
(a) ANALYSIS.—The Comptroller General of the 
United States shall conduct an analysis after each regu-
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117 
larly scheduled general election for Federal office with re-
spect to the following: 
(1) In relation to polling places located in 
houses of worship or other facilities that may be ex-
empt from accessibility requirements under the 
Americans with Disabilities Act— 
(A) efforts to overcome accessibility chal-
lenges posed by such facilities; and 
(B) the extent to which such facilities are 
used as polling places in elections for Federal 
office. 
(2) Assistance provided by the Election Assist-
ance Commission, Department of Justice, or other 
Federal agencies to help State and local officials im-
prove voting access for individuals with disabilities 
during elections for Federal office. 
(3) When accessible voting machines are avail-
able at a polling place, the extent to which such ma-
chines— 
(A) are located in places that are difficult 
to access; 
(B) malfunction; or 
(C) fail to provide sufficient privacy to en-
sure that the ballot of the individual cannot be 
seen by another individual. 
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118 
(4) The process by which Federal, State, and 
local governments track compliance with accessibility 
requirements related to voting access, including 
methods to receive and address complaints. 
(5) The extent to which poll workers receive 
training on how to assist individuals with disabil-
ities, including the receipt by such poll workers of 
information on legal requirements related to voting 
rights for individuals with disabilities. 
(6) The extent and effectiveness of training pro-
vided to poll workers on the operation of accessible 
voting machines. 
(7) The extent to which individuals with a de-
velopmental or psychiatric disability experience 
greater barriers to voting, and whether poll worker 
training adequately addresses the needs of such indi-
viduals. 
(8) The extent to which State or local govern-
ments employ, or attempt to employ, individuals 
with disabilities to work at polling sites. 
(b) REPORT.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 9 months 
after the date of a regularly scheduled general elec-
tion for Federal office, the Comptroller General shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
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119 
a report with respect to the most recent regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office that 
contains the following: 
(A) The analysis required by subsection 
(a). 
(B) Recommendations, as appropriate, to 
promote the use of best practices used by State 
and local officials to address barriers to accessi-
bility and privacy concerns for individuals with 
disabilities in elections for Federal office. 
(2) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—For purposes of this subsection, the term 
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on House Administra-
tion of the House of Representatives; 
(B) the Committee on Rules and Adminis-
tration of the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate. 
Subtitle C—Early Voting 
SEC. 1201. EARLY VOTING. 
(a) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 et seq.), 
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120 
as amended by section 1031(a), section 1044(a), section 
1101(a), section 1102(a), section 1103(a), and section 
1104(a), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 310 and 311 as 
sections 311 and 312, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 309 the following 
new section: 
‘‘SEC. 310. EARLY VOTING. 
‘‘(a) REQUIRING VOTING PRIOR TO DATE OF ELEC-
TION.—Each election jurisdiction shall allow individuals to 
vote in an election for Federal office during an early voting 
period which occurs prior to the date of the election, in 
a manner that allows the individual to receive, complete, 
and cast their ballot in person. 
‘‘(b) MINIMUM EARLY VOTING REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.— 
‘‘(A) LENGTH OF PERIOD.—The early vot-
ing period required under this subsection with 
respect to an election shall consist of a period 
of consecutive days (including weekends) which 
begins on the 15th day before the date of the 
election (or, at the option of the State, on a day 
prior to the 15th day before the date of the 
election) and ends no earlier than the second 
day before the date of the election. 
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121 
‘‘(B) HOURS FOR EARLY VOTING.—Each 
polling place which allows voting during an 
early voting period under subparagraph (A) 
shall— 
‘‘(i) allow such voting for no less than 
10 hours on each day during the period; 
‘‘(ii) have uniform hours each day for 
which such voting occurs; and 
‘‘(iii) allow such voting to be held for 
some period of time prior to 9:00 a.m. 
(local time) and some period of time after 
5:00 p.m. (local time). 
‘‘(2) REQUIREMENTS FOR VOTE-BY-MAIL JURIS-
DICTIONS.—In the case of a jurisdiction that sends 
every registered voter a ballot by mail— 
‘‘(A) paragraph (1) shall not apply; 
‘‘(B) such jurisdiction shall allow eligible 
individuals to vote during an early voting period 
that ensures voters are provided the greatest 
opportunity to cast ballots ahead of Election 
Day and which includes at least one consecutive 
Saturday and Sunday; and 
‘‘(C) each polling place which allows voting 
during an early voting period under subpara-
graph (B) shall allow such voting— 
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122 
‘‘(i) during the election office’s reg-
ular business hours; and 
‘‘(ii) for a period of not less than 8 
hours on Saturdays and Sundays included 
in the early voting period. 
‘‘(3) REQUIREMENTS
FOR
SMALL
JURISDIC-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a juris-
diction described in subparagraph (B), para-
graph (1)(B) shall not apply so long as all eligi-
ble individuals in the jurisdiction have the op-
portunity to vote— 
‘‘(i) at each polling place which allows 
voting during the early voting period de-
scribed in paragraph (1)(A)— 
‘‘(I) during the election office’s 
regular business hours; and 
‘‘(II) for a period of not less than 
8 hours on at least one Saturday and 
at least one Sunday included in the 
early voting period; or 
‘‘(ii) at 1 or more polling places in the 
county in which such jurisdiction is located 
that allows voting during the early voting 
period described in paragraph (1)(A) in ac-
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123 
cordance with the requirements under 
paragraph (1)(B). 
‘‘(B) JURISDICTION DESCRIBED.—A juris-
diction is described in this subparagraph if such 
jurisdiction— 
‘‘(i) had less than 3,000 registered 
voters at the time of the most recent prior 
election for Federal office; and 
‘‘(ii) consists of a geographic area 
that is smaller than the jurisdiction of the 
county in which such jurisdiction is lo-
cated. 
‘‘(4) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection shall be construed— 
‘‘(A) to limit the availability of additional 
temporary voting sites which provide voters 
more opportunities to cast their ballots but 
which do not meet the requirements of this sub-
section; 
‘‘(B) to limit a polling place from being 
open for additional hours outside of the uniform 
hours set for the polling location on any day of 
the early voting period; or 
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125 
section (b) will be located in such rural areas; 
and 
‘‘(B) ensure that such polling places are lo-
cated in communities which will provide the 
greatest opportunity for residents of rural areas 
to vote during the early voting period. 
‘‘(3) CAMPUSES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER 
EDUCATION.—In the case of a jurisdiction that is 
not considered a vote by mail jurisdiction described 
in subsection (b)(2) or a small jurisdiction described 
in subsection (b)(3) and that includes an institution 
of higher education (as defined under section 102 of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1002)), including a branch campus of such an insti-
tution, the State or jurisdiction shall— 
‘‘(A) ensure that an appropriate number of 
polling places, but not less than 1, that allow 
voting during the early voting period under sub-
section (b) will be located on the physical cam-
pus of each such institution, including each 
such branch campus; and 
‘‘(B) ensure that such polling places pro-
vide the greatest opportunity for residents of 
the jurisdiction to vote. 
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126 
‘‘(e) STANDARDS.—Not later than June 30, 2024, 
the Commission shall issue voluntary standards for the ad-
ministration of voting during voting periods which occur 
prior to the date of a Federal election. Subject to sub-
section (d), such voluntary standards shall include the 
nondiscriminatory geographic placement of polling places 
at which such voting occurs. 
‘‘(f) BALLOT PROCESSING AND SCANNING REQUIRE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State or jurisdiction 
shall begin processing and scanning ballots cast dur-
ing in-person early voting for tabulation not later 
than the date that is 14 days prior to the date of 
the election involved, except that a State or jurisdic-
tion may begin processing and scanning ballots cast 
during in-person early voting for tabulation after 
such date if the date on which the State or jurisdic-
tion begins such processing and scanning ensures, to 
the greatest extent practical, that ballots cast before 
the date of the election are processed and scanned 
before the date of the election. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this subsection 
shall be construed— 
‘‘(A) to permit a State or jurisdiction to 
tabulate ballots in an election before the closing 
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127 
of the polls on the date of the election unless 
such tabulation is a necessary component of 
preprocessing in the State or jurisdiction and is 
performed in accordance with existing State 
law; or 
‘‘(B) to permit an official to make public 
any results of tabulation and processing before 
the closing of the polls on the date of the elec-
tion. 
‘‘(g) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office held in November 2024 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office.’’. 
(b) CONFORMING
AMENDMENTS
RELATING
TO 
ISSUANCE OF VOLUNTARY GUIDANCE BY ELECTION AS-
SISTANCE COMMISSION.—Section 321(b) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 21101(b)), as redesignated and amended by sec-
tion 1101(b), is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of paragraph 
(3); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of para-
graph (4) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
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128 
‘‘(5) except as provided in paragraph (4), in the 
case of the recommendations with respect to any sec-
tion added by the Freedom to Vote Act, June 30, 
2024.’’. 
(c) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), section 
1044(b), section 1101(c), section 1102(c), section 
1103(a), and section 1104(c), is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 310 and 311 as relating to sections 311 and 
312, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 309 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 310. Early voting.’’. 
Subtitle D—Voting by Mail 
SEC. 1301. VOTING BY MAIL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of 
the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21081 et seq.), as amended by section 1031(a), sec-
tion 1044(a), section 1101(a), section 1102(a), sec-
tion 1103(a), section 1104(a), and section 1201(a), 
is amended— 
(A) by redesignating sections 311 and 312 
as sections 312 and 313, respectively; and 
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129 
(B) by inserting after section 310 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 311. PROMOTING ABILITY OF VOTERS TO VOTE BY 
MAIL. 
‘‘(a) UNIFORM AVAILABILITY OF ABSENTEE VOTING 
TO ALL VOTERS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—If an individual in a State 
is eligible to cast a vote in an election for Federal 
office, the State may not impose any additional con-
ditions or requirements on the eligibility of the indi-
vidual to cast the vote in such election by absentee 
ballot by mail. 
‘‘(2) ADMINISTRATION OF VOTING BY MAIL.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITING
IDENTIFICATION
RE-
QUIREMENT AS CONDITION OF OBTAINING OR 
CASTING BALLOT.—A State may not require an 
individual to submit any form of identifying 
document as a condition of obtaining or casting 
an absentee ballot, except that nothing in this 
subparagraph may be construed to prevent a 
State from requiring— 
‘‘(i) the information required to com-
plete an application for voter registration 
for an election for Federal office under sec-
tion 303(a)(5)(A), provided that a State 
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130 
may not deny a voter a ballot or the oppor-
tunity to cast it on the grounds that the 
voter does not possess a current and valid 
driver’s license number or a social security 
number; or 
‘‘(ii) a signature of the individual or 
similar affirmation as a condition of ob-
taining or casting an absentee ballot. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITING FAULTY MATCHING RE-
QUIREMENTS
FOR
IDENTIFYING
INFORMA-
TION.—A State may not deny a voter an absen-
tee ballot or reject an absentee ballot cast by a 
voter— 
‘‘(i) on the grounds that the voter 
provided a different form of identifying in-
formation under subparagraph (A) than 
the voter originally provided when reg-
istering to vote or when requesting an ab-
sentee ballot; or 
‘‘(ii) due to an error in, or omission 
of, identifying information required by a 
State under subparagraph (A), if such 
error or omission is not material to an in-
dividual’s eligibility to vote under section 
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131 
2004(a)(2)(B) of the Revised Statutes (52 
U.S.C. 10101(a)(2)(B)). 
‘‘(C) PROHIBITING REQUIREMENT TO PRO-
VIDE
NOTARIZATION
OR
WITNESS
SIGNATURE 
AS CONDITION OF OBTAINING OR CASTING BAL-
LOT.—A State may not require notarization or 
witness signature or other formal authentica-
tion (other than voter attestation) as a condi-
tion of obtaining or casting an absentee ballot, 
except that nothing in this subparagraph may 
be construed to prohibit a State from enforcing 
a law which has a witness signature require-
ment for a ballot where a voter oath is attested 
to with a mark rather than a voter’s signature. 
‘‘(3) NO EFFECT ON IDENTIFICATION REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR FIRST-TIME VOTERS REGISTERING BY 
MAIL.—Nothing in this subsection may be construed 
to exempt any individual described in paragraph (1) 
of section 303(b) from meeting the requirements of 
paragraph (2) of such section or to exempt an indi-
vidual described in paragraph (5)(A) of section 
303(b) from meeting the requirements of paragraph 
(5)(B). 
‘‘(b) DUE PROCESS REQUIREMENTS
FOR STATES 
REQUIRING SIGNATURE VERIFICATION.— 
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132 
‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—A State may not im-
pose a signature verification requirement as a 
condition of accepting and counting a mail-in 
ballot or absentee ballot submitted by any indi-
vidual with respect to an election for Federal 
office unless the State meets the due process re-
quirements described in paragraph (2). 
‘‘(B) SIGNATURE VERIFICATION REQUIRE-
MENT DESCRIBED.—In this subsection, a ‘sig-
nature verification requirement’ is a require-
ment that an election official verify the identi-
fication of an individual by comparing the sig-
nature of the individual on the mail-in ballot or 
absentee ballot with the individual’s signature 
on the official list of registered voters in the 
State or another official record or other docu-
ment used by the State to verify the signatures 
of voters. 
‘‘(2) DUE PROCESS REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE 
DISCREPANCY
IN
SIGNATURES.—If an indi-
vidual submits a mail-in ballot or an absentee 
ballot and the appropriate State or local elec-
tion official determines that a discrepancy ex-
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133 
ists between the signature on such ballot and 
the signature of such individual on the official 
list of registered voters in the State or other of-
ficial record or document used by the State to 
verify the signatures of voters, such election of-
ficial, prior to making a final determination as 
to the validity of such ballot, shall— 
‘‘(i) as soon as practical, but not later 
than the next business day after such de-
termination is made, make a good faith ef-
fort to notify the individual by mail, tele-
phone, and (if available) text message and 
electronic mail that— 
‘‘(I) a discrepancy exists between 
the signature on such ballot and the 
signature of the individual on the offi-
cial list of registered voters in the 
State or other official record or docu-
ment used by the State to verify the 
signatures of voters; and 
‘‘(II) if such discrepancy is not 
cured prior to the expiration of the 
third day following the State’s dead-
line for receiving mail-in ballots or ab-
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134 
sentee ballots, such ballot will not be 
counted; and 
‘‘(ii) cure such discrepancy and count 
the ballot if, prior to the expiration of the 
third day following the State’s deadline for 
receiving mail-in ballots or absentee bal-
lots, the individual provides the official 
with information to cure such discrepancy, 
either in person, by telephone, or by elec-
tronic methods. 
‘‘(B) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CURE 
MISSING SIGNATURE OR OTHER DEFECT.—If an 
individual submits a mail-in ballot or an absen-
tee ballot without a signature or submits a 
mail-in ballot or an absentee ballot with another 
defect which, if left uncured, would cause the 
ballot to not be counted, the appropriate State 
or local election official, prior to making a final 
determination as to the validity of the ballot, 
shall— 
‘‘(i) as soon as practical, but not later 
than the next business day after such de-
termination is made, make a good faith ef-
fort to notify the individual by mail, tele-
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135 
phone, and (if available) text message and 
electronic mail that— 
‘‘(I) the ballot did not include a 
signature or has some other defect; 
and 
‘‘(II) if the individual does not 
provide the missing signature or cure 
the other defect prior to the expira-
tion of the third day following the 
State’s deadline for receiving mail-in 
ballots or absentee ballots, such ballot 
will not be counted; and 
‘‘(ii) count the ballot if, prior to the 
expiration of the third day following the 
State’s deadline for receiving mail-in bal-
lots or absentee ballots, the individual pro-
vides the official with the missing signa-
ture on a form proscribed by the State or 
cures the other defect. 
This subparagraph does not apply with respect 
to a defect consisting of the failure of a ballot 
to meet the applicable deadline for the accept-
ance of the ballot, as described in subsection 
(e). 
‘‘(C) OTHER REQUIREMENTS.— 
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136 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—An election official 
may not make a determination that a dis-
crepancy exists between the signature on a 
mail-in ballot or an absentee ballot and the 
signature of the individual on the official 
list of registered voters in the State or 
other official record or other document 
used by the State to verify the signatures 
of voters unless— 
‘‘(I) not fewer than 2 election of-
ficials make the determination; 
‘‘(II) each official who makes the 
determination has received training in 
procedures used to verify signatures; 
and 
‘‘(III) of the officials who make 
the determination, not fewer than 1 is 
affiliated with the political party 
whose candidate received the most 
votes in the most recent statewide 
election for Federal office held in the 
State and not fewer than 1 is affili-
ated with the political party whose 
candidate received the second most 
votes in the most recent statewide 
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137 
election for Federal office held in the 
State. 
‘‘(ii) 
EXCEPTION.—Clause 
(i)(III) 
shall not apply to any State in which, 
under a law that is in effect continuously 
on and after the date of enactment of this 
section, determinations regarding signature 
discrepancies are made by election officials 
who are not affiliated with a political 
party. 
‘‘(3) REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 120 
days after the end of a Federal election cycle, 
each chief State election official shall submit to 
the Commission a report containing the fol-
lowing information for the applicable Federal 
election cycle in the State: 
‘‘(i) The number of ballots invalidated 
due to a discrepancy under this subsection. 
‘‘(ii) Description of attempts to con-
tact voters to provide notice as required by 
this subsection. 
‘‘(iii) Description of the cure process 
developed by such State pursuant to this 
subsection, including the number of ballots 
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138 
determined valid as a result of such proc-
ess. 
‘‘(B) SUBMISSION
TO
CONGRESS.—Not 
later than 10 days after receiving a report 
under subparagraph (A), the Commission shall 
transmit such report to Congress. 
‘‘(C) FEDERAL
ELECTION
CYCLE
DE-
FINED.—For purposes of this subsection, the 
term ‘Federal election cycle’ means, with re-
spect to any regularly scheduled election for 
Federal office, the period beginning on the day 
after the date of the preceding regularly sched-
uled general election for Federal office and end-
ing on the date of such regularly scheduled gen-
eral election. 
‘‘(4) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection shall be construed— 
‘‘(A) to prohibit a State from rejecting a 
ballot attempted to be cast in an election for 
Federal office by an individual who is not eligi-
ble to vote in the election; or 
‘‘(B) to prohibit a State from providing an 
individual with more time and more methods 
for curing a discrepancy in the individual’s sig-
nature, providing a missing signature, or curing 
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139 
any other defect than the State is required to 
provide under this subsection. 
‘‘(c) APPLICATIONS FOR ABSENTEE BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In addition to such other 
methods as the State may establish for an individual 
to apply for an absentee ballot, each State shall per-
mit an individual to submit an application for an ab-
sentee ballot online. 
‘‘(2) TREATMENT OF WEBSITES.—A State shall 
be considered to meet the requirements of paragraph 
(1) if the website of the appropriate State or local 
election official allows an application for an absentee 
ballot to be completed and submitted online and if 
the website permits the individual— 
‘‘(A) to print the application so that the 
individual may complete the application and re-
turn it to the official; or 
‘‘(B) to request that a paper copy of the 
application be transmitted to the individual by 
mail or electronic mail so that the individual 
may complete the application and return it to 
the official. 
‘‘(3) ENSURING
DELIVERY
PRIOR
TO
ELEC-
TION.— 
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140 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If an individual who is 
eligible to vote in an election for Federal office 
submits an application for an absentee ballot in 
the election and such application is received by 
the appropriate State or local election official 
not later than 13 days (excluding Saturdays, 
Sundays, and legal public holidays) before the 
date of the election, the election official shall 
ensure that the ballot and related voting mate-
rials are promptly mailed to the individual. 
‘‘(B) APPLICATIONS RECEIVED CLOSE TO 
ELECTION DAY.—If an individual who is eligible 
to vote in an election for Federal office submits 
an application for an absentee ballot in the elec-
tion and such application is received by the ap-
propriate State or local election official after 
the date described in subparagraph (A) but not 
later than 7 days (excluding Saturdays, Sun-
days, and legal public holidays) before the date 
of the election, the election official shall, to the 
greatest extent practical, ensure that the ballot 
and related voting materials are mailed to the 
individual within 1 business day of the receipt 
of the application. 
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141 
‘‘(C) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing 
in this paragraph shall preclude a State or local 
jurisdiction from allowing for the acceptance 
and processing of absentee ballot applications 
submitted or received after the date described 
in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(4) APPLICATION
FOR
ALL
FUTURE
ELEC-
TIONS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—At the option of an 
individual, the individual’s application to vote 
by absentee ballot by mail in an election for 
Federal office shall be treated as an application 
for an absentee ballot by mail in all subsequent 
elections for Federal office held in the State. 
‘‘(B) DURATION OF TREATMENT.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—In the case of an 
individual who is treated as having applied 
for an absentee ballot for all subsequent 
elections for Federal office held in the 
State under subparagraph (A), such treat-
ment shall remain effective until the earlier 
of such time as— 
‘‘(I) the individual is no longer 
registered to vote in the State; or 
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142 
‘‘(II) the individual provides an 
affirmative written notice revoking 
such treatment. 
‘‘(ii) PROHIBITION
ON
REVOCATION 
BASED ON FAILURE TO VOTE.—The treat-
ment of an individual as having applied for 
an absentee ballot for all subsequent elec-
tions held in the State under subparagraph 
(A) shall not be revoked on the basis that 
the individual has not voted in an election. 
‘‘(d) ACCESSIBILITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DIS-
ABILITIES.—Each State shall ensure that all absentee bal-
lot applications, absentee ballots, and related voting mate-
rials in elections for Federal office are accessible to indi-
viduals with disabilities in a manner that provides the 
same opportunity for access and participation (including 
with privacy and independence) as for other voters. 
‘‘(e) UNIFORM DEADLINE
FOR ACCEPTANCE
OF 
MAILED BALLOTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A State or local election of-
ficial may not refuse to accept or process a ballot 
submitted by an individual by mail with respect to 
an election for Federal office in the State on the 
grounds that the individual did not meet a deadline 
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143 
for returning the ballot to the appropriate State or 
local election official if— 
‘‘(A) the ballot is postmarked or otherwise 
indicated by the United States Postal Service to 
have been mailed on or before the date of the 
election; and 
‘‘(B) the ballot is received by the appro-
priate election official prior to the expiration of 
the 7-day period which begins on the date of 
the election. 
‘‘(2) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
this subsection shall be construed to prohibit a State 
from having a law that allows for counting of ballots 
in an election for Federal office that are received 
through the mail after the date that is 7 days after 
the date of the election. 
‘‘(f) ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF RETURNING BAL-
LOTS.—In addition to permitting an individual to whom 
a ballot in an election was provided under this section to 
return the ballot to an election official by mail, each State 
shall permit the individual to cast the ballot by delivering 
the ballot at such times and to such locations as the State 
may establish, including— 
‘‘(1) permitting the individual to deliver the bal-
lot to a polling place within the jurisdiction in which 
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144 
the individual is registered or otherwise eligible to 
vote on any date on which voting in the election is 
held at the polling place; and 
‘‘(2) permitting the individual to deliver the bal-
lot to a designated ballot drop-off location, a tribally 
designated building, or the office of a State or local 
election official. 
‘‘(g) BALLOT PROCESSING AND SCANNING REQUIRE-
MENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Each State or jurisdiction 
shall begin processing and scanning ballots cast by 
mail for tabulation not later than the date that is 14 
days prior to the date of the election involved, except 
that a State may begin processing and scanning bal-
lots cast by mail for tabulation after such date if the 
date on which the State begins such processing and 
scanning ensures, to the greatest extent practical, 
that ballots cast before the date of the election are 
processed and scanned before the date of the elec-
tion. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Nothing in this subsection 
shall be construed— 
‘‘(A) to permit a State to tabulate ballots 
in an election before the closing of the polls on 
the date of the election unless such tabulation 
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145 
is a necessary component of preprocessing in 
the State and is performed in accordance with 
existing State law; or 
‘‘(B) to permit an official to make public 
any results of tabulation and processing before 
the closing of the polls on the date of the elec-
tion. 
‘‘(h) PROHIBITING RESTRICTIONS ON DISTRIBUTION 
OF ABSENTEE BALLOT APPLICATIONS BY THIRD PAR-
TIES.—A State may not prohibit any person from pro-
viding an application for an absentee ballot in the election 
to any individual who is eligible to vote in the election. 
‘‘(i) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this sec-
tion shall be construed to affect the authority of States 
to conduct elections for Federal office through the use of 
polling places at which individuals cast ballots. 
‘‘(j) NO EFFECT ON BALLOTS SUBMITTED BY AB-
SENT MILITARY AND OVERSEAS VOTERS.—Nothing in 
this section may be construed to affect the treatment of 
any ballot submitted by an individual who is entitled to 
vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas 
Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301 et seq.). 
‘‘(k) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for 
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146 
Federal office held in November 2024 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL
AMENDMENTS.—The table of 
contents of such Act, as amended by section 
1031(c), section 1044(b), section 1101(c), section 
1102(c), section 1103(a), section 1104(c), and sec-
tion 1201(c), is amended— 
(A) by redesignating the items relating to 
sections 311 and 312 as relating to sections 
312 and 313, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after the item relating to 
section 310 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 311. Promoting ability of voters to vote by mail.’’. 
(b) SAME-DAY PROCESSING
OF ABSENTEE BAL-
LOTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 34 of title 39, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘§ 3407. Same-day processing of ballots 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Postal Service shall ensure, 
to the maximum extent practicable, that any ballot carried 
by the Postal Service is processed by and cleared from 
any postal facility or post office on the same day that the 
ballot is received by that facility or post office. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
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147 
‘‘(1) the term ‘ballot’ means any ballot trans-
mitted by a voter by mail in an election for Federal 
office, but does not include any ballot covered by 
section 3406; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘election for Federal office’ means 
a general, special, primary, or runoff election for the 
office of President or Vice President, or of Senator 
or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Com-
missioner to, the Congress.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING
AMEND-
MENT.—The table of sections for chapter 34 of title 
39, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
‘‘3407. Same-day processing of ballots.’’. 
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall apply to absentee ballots re-
lating to an election for Federal office occurring on 
or after January 1, 2024. 
(c) DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE VERIFICATION 
METHODS.— 
(1) DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS.—The Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards, in con-
sultation with the Election Assistance Commission, 
shall develop standards for the use of alternative 
methods which could be used in place of signature 
verification requirements for purposes of verifying 
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148 
the identification of an individual voting by mail-in 
or absentee ballot in elections for Federal office. 
(2) PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT.—The Di-
rector of the National Institute of Standards shall 
solicit comments from the public in the development 
of standards under paragraph (1). 
(3) DEADLINE.—Not later than 2 years after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of 
the National Institute of Standards shall publish the 
standards developed under paragraph (1). 
SEC. 1302. BALLOTING MATERIALS TRACKING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) REQUIREMENTS.—Subtitle A of title III of 
the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21081 et seq.), as amended by section 1031(a), sec-
tion 1044(a), section 1101(a), section 1102(a), sec-
tion 1103(a), section 1104(a), section 1201(a), and 
section 1301(a), is amended— 
(A) by redesignating sections 312 and 313 
as sections 313 and 314, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after section 311 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 312. BALLOT MATERIALS TRACKING PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) REQUIREMENT.—Each State shall carry out a 
program to track and confirm the receipt of mail-in ballots 
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and absentee ballots in an election for Federal office under 
which the State or local election official responsible for the 
receipt of such voted ballots in the election carries out pro-
cedures to track and confirm the receipt of such ballots, 
and makes information on the receipt of such ballots avail-
able to the individual who cast the ballot. 
‘‘(b) MEANS OF CARRYING OUT PROGRAM.—A State 
may meet the requirements of subsection (a)— 
‘‘(1) through a program— 
‘‘(A) which is established by the State; 
‘‘(B) under which the State or local elec-
tion official responsible for the receipt of voted 
mail-in ballots and voted absentee ballots in the 
election— 
‘‘(i) carries out procedures to track 
and confirm the receipt of such ballots; 
and 
‘‘(ii) makes information on the receipt 
of such ballots available to the individual 
who cast the ballot; and 
‘‘(C) which meets the requirements of sub-
section (c); or 
‘‘(2) through the ballot materials tracking serv-
ice established under section 1302(b) of the Free-
dom to Vote Act. 
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‘‘(c) STATE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—The re-
quirements of this subsection are as follows: 
‘‘(1) INFORMATION
ON
WHETHER
VOTE
WAS 
ACCEPTED.—The information referred to under sub-
section (b)(1)(B)(ii) with respect to the receipt of 
mail-in ballot or an absentee ballot shall include in-
formation regarding whether the vote cast on the 
ballot was accepted, and, in the case of a vote which 
was rejected, the reasons therefor. 
‘‘(2) AVAILABILITY
OF
INFORMATION.—Infor-
mation on whether a ballot was accepted or rejected 
shall be available within 1 business day of the State 
accepting or rejecting the ballot. 
‘‘(3) ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Except as provided 
under subparagraph (B), the information pro-
vided under the program shall be available by 
means of online access using the internet site of 
the State or local election office. 
‘‘(B) USE
OF
TOLL-FREE
TELEPHONE 
NUMBER
BY
OFFICIALS
WITHOUT
INTERNET 
SITE.—In the case of a State or local election 
official whose office does not have an internet 
site, the program shall require the official to es-
tablish a toll-free telephone number that may be 
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151 
used by an individual who cast an absentee bal-
lot to obtain the information required under 
subsection (b)(1)(B). 
‘‘(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall apply 
with respect to the regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office held in November 2026 and each succeeding 
election for Federal office.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 102 
of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee 
Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20302) is amended by strik-
ing subsection (h) and redesignating subsection (i) 
as subsection (h). 
(b) BALLOTING MATERIALS TRACKING SERVICE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 1, 
2026, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in con-
sultation with the Chair of the Election Assistance 
Commission, the Postmaster General, the Director 
of the General Services Administration, the Presi-
dential designee, and State election officials, shall 
establish a balloting materials tracking service to be 
used by State and local jurisdictions to inform voters 
on the status of voter registration applications, ab-
sentee ballot applications, absentee ballots, and mail- 
in ballots. 
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152 
(2) INFORMATION
TRACKED.—The balloting 
materials tracking service established under para-
graph (1) shall provide to a voter the following infor-
mation with respect to that voter: 
(A) In the case of balloting materials sent 
by mail, tracking information from the United 
States Postal Service and the Presidential des-
ignee on balloting materials sent to the voter 
and, to the extent feasible, returned by the 
voter. 
(B) The date on which any request by the 
voter for an application for voter registration or 
an absentee ballot was received. 
(C) The date on which any such requested 
application was sent to the voter. 
(D) The date on which any such completed 
application was received from the voter and the 
status of such application. 
(E) The date on which any mail-in ballot 
or absentee ballot was sent to the voter. 
(F) The date on which any mail-in ballot 
or absentee ballot was out for delivery to the 
voter. 
(G) The date on which the post office proc-
esses the ballot. 
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153 
(H) The date on which the returned ballot 
was out for delivery to the election office. 
(I) Whether such ballot was accepted and 
counted, and in the case of any ballot not 
counted, the reason why the ballot was not 
counted. 
The information described in subparagraph (I) shall 
be available not later than 1 day after a determina-
tion is made on whether or not to accept and count 
the ballot. 
(3) METHOD OF PROVIDING INFORMATION.— 
The balloting materials tracking service established 
under paragraph (1) shall allow voters the option to 
receive the information described in paragraph (2) 
through email (or other electronic means) or through 
the mail. 
(4) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF LIMITED INFOR-
MATION.—Information described in subparagraphs 
(E), (G), and (I) of paragraph (2) shall be made 
available to political parties and voter registration 
organizations, at cost to cover the expense of pro-
viding such information, for use, in accordance with 
State guidelines and procedures, in helping to return 
or cure mail-in ballots during any period in which 
mail-in ballots may be returned. 
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154 
(5) PROHIBITION ON FEES.—The Director may 
not charge any fee to a State or jurisdiction for use 
of the balloting materials tracking service in connec-
tion with any Federal, State, or local election. 
(6) PRESIDENTIAL
DESIGNEE.—For purposes 
of this subsection, the term ‘‘Presidential designee’’ 
means the Presidential designee under section 
101(a) of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Ab-
sentee Voting Act (52 U.S.C. 20301(a)). 
(7) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Di-
rector such sums as are necessary for purposes of 
carrying out this subsection. 
(c) REIMBURSEMENT
FOR COSTS INCURRED
BY 
STATES IN ESTABLISHING PROGRAM.—Subtitle D of title 
II of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 
21001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new part: 
‘‘PART 7—PAYMENTS TO REIMBURSE STATES 
FOR COSTS INCURRED IN ESTABLISHING 
PROGRAM TO TRACK AND CONFIRM RE-
CEIPT OF ABSENTEE BALLOTS 
‘‘SEC. 297. PAYMENTS TO STATES. 
‘‘(a) PAYMENTS FOR COSTS OF PROGRAM.—In ac-
cordance with this section, the Commission shall make a 
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155 
payment to a State to reimburse the State for the costs 
incurred in establishing the absentee ballot tracking pro-
gram under section 322(b)(1) (including costs incurred 
prior to the date of enactment of this part). 
‘‘(b) CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE AND COSTS.— 
‘‘(1) CERTIFICATION REQUIRED.—In order to 
receive a payment under this section, a State shall 
submit to the Commission a statement containing— 
‘‘(A) a certification that the State has es-
tablished an absentee ballot tracking program 
with respect to elections for Federal office held 
in the State; and 
‘‘(B) a statement of the costs incurred by 
the State in establishing the program. 
‘‘(2) AMOUNT OF PAYMENT.—The amount of a 
payment made to a State under this section shall be 
equal to the costs incurred by the State in estab-
lishing the absentee ballot tracking program, as set 
forth in the statement submitted under paragraph 
(1), except that such amount may not exceed the 
product of— 
‘‘(A) the number of jurisdictions in the 
State which are responsible for operating the 
program; and 
‘‘(B) $3,000. 
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156 
‘‘(3) LIMIT
ON
NUMBER
OF
PAYMENTS
RE-
CEIVED.—A State may not receive more than one 
payment under this part. 
‘‘SEC. 297A. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
‘‘(a) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Commission for fiscal year 2024 and 
each succeeding fiscal year such sums as may be necessary 
for payments under this part. 
‘‘(b) CONTINUING AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Any 
amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization under 
this section shall remain available until expended.’’. 
(d) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.—The table of contents 
of such Act, as amended by section 1031(c), 1044(b), sec-
tion 1101(c), section 1102(c), section 1103(a), section 
1104(c), section 1201(c), and section 1301(a), is amend-
ed— 
(1) by adding at the end of the items relating 
to subtitle D of title II the following: 
‘‘PART 7—PAYMENTS TO REIMBURSE STATES FOR COSTS INCURRED IN ES-
TABLISHING PROGRAM TO TRACK AND CONFIRM RECEIPT OF ABSENTEE 
BALLOTS 
‘‘Sec. 297. Payments to States. 
‘‘Sec. 297A. Authorization of appropriations.’’; 
(2) by redesignating the items relating to sec-
tions 312 and 313 as relating to sections 313 and 
314, respectively; and 
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157 
(3) by inserting after the item relating to sec-
tion 311 the following new item: 
‘‘Sec. 312. Ballot materials tracking program.’’. 
SEC. 1303. ELECTION MAIL AND DELIVERY IMPROVE-
MENTS. 
(a) POSTMARK REQUIRED FOR BALLOTS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 34 of title 39, 
United States Code, as amended by section 1301(b), 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘§ 3408. Postmark required for ballots 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—In the case of any absentee bal-
lot carried by the Postal Service, the Postal Service shall 
indicate on the ballot envelope, using a postmark or other-
wise— 
‘‘(1) the fact that the ballot was carried by the 
Postal Service; and 
‘‘(2) the date on which the ballot was mailed. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section— 
‘‘(1) the term ‘absentee ballot’ means any ballot 
transmitted by a voter by mail in an election for 
Federal office, but does not include any ballot cov-
ered by section 3406; and 
‘‘(2) the term ‘election for Federal office’ means 
a general, special, primary, or runoff election for the 
office of President or Vice President, or of Senator 
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158 
or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Com-
missioner to, the Congress.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL
AND
CONFORMING
AMEND-
MENT.—The table of sections for chapter 34 of title 
39, United States Code, as amended by section 
1301(b), is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘3408. Postmark required for ballots.’’. 
(3) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made 
by this subsection shall apply to absentee ballots re-
lating to an election for Federal office occurring on 
or after January 1, 2024. 
(b) GREATER VISIBILITY FOR BALLOTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Subtitle A of title III of the 
Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 21081 
et seq.), as amended by section 1031(a), section 
1044(a), section 1101(a), section 1102(a), section 
1103(a), section 1104(a), section 1201(a), section 
1301(a), and section 1302(a), is amended— 
(A) by redesignating sections 313 and 314 
as sections 314 and 315, respectively; and 
(B) by inserting after section 312 the fol-
lowing new section: 
‘‘SEC. 313. BALLOT VISIBILITY. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Each State or local election offi-
cial shall— 
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