as necessary, applied research to resolve issues that may 
arise during a plant pest emergency. Such research may 
include the development of new or improved diagnostic 
methods, biocontrol tools, eradication or control tools, or 
such other matters as the Secretary determines advance 
the effort to arrest, control, eradicate, and prevent the 
spread of a plant pest or noxious weed. 
‘‘(e) USE OF COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, to the 
greatest extent practicable, enter into a cooperative 
agreement pursuant to section 432 with a State to 
assist in the arrest, control, eradication, or preven-
tion of a plant pest or noxious weed connected with 
an emergency under this section or applied research 
conducted pursuant to subsection (d). 
‘‘(2) NO COST SHARING REQUIRED.—The Sec-
retary shall not require a State entering into a coop-
erative agreement with the Secretary under para-
graph (1) to provide a share of the costs necessary 
for the arrest, control, eradication, or prevention of 
the spread of a plant pest or noxious weed connected 
with an emergency under this section or for applied 
research conducted pursuant to subsection (d).’’. 
(c) COMPENSATION.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 416 of such Act (7 
U.S.C. 7716) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 416. COMPENSATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall compensate the owner of any plant, 
plant product, article, or means of conveyance— 
‘‘(1) destroyed or otherwise disposed of by the 
Secretary under section 414 or 415; or 
‘‘(2) for any loss in market value of any plant, 
plant product, article or means of conveyance re-
stricted by the Secretary from being moved or dis-
tributed outside of a quarantine area if the Sec-
retary determines that such plant, plant product, ar-
ticle, or means of conveyance is not infested with or 
capable of transmitting a disease or plant pest. 
‘‘(b) AMOUNT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraphs (2) 
and (3), the compensation— 
‘‘(A) under subsection (a)(1) shall be based 
on the fair market value, as determined by the 
Secretary, of the destroyed plant, plant product, 
article, or means of conveyance; and 
‘‘(B) under subsection (a)(2) shall be 
based on the loss in fair market value of the 
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plant, plant product, article, or means of con-
veyance. 
‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Compensation paid any 
owner under this section shall not exceed the dif-
ference between— 
‘‘(A) the fair market value of the destroyed 
plant, plant product, article, or means of con-
veyance; and 
‘‘(B) any compensation received by the 
owner from a State or other source for the de-
stroyed plant, plant product, article, or means 
of conveyance. 
‘‘(3) REVIEWABILITY.—The determination by 
the Secretary of the amount to be paid under this 
section shall be final and not subject to judicial re-
view or review of longer than 60 days by any officer 
or employee of the Federal Government other than 
the Secretary or the designee of the Secretary. 
‘‘(c) EXCEPTIONS.—No payment shall be made by 
the Secretary under this section for— 
‘‘(1) any plant, plant product, article, or means 
of conveyance that has been moved or handled by 
the owner in violation of an agreement for the con-
trol and eradication of diseases or pests or in viola-
tion of this title; 
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‘‘(2) any plant, plant product, article, or means 
of conveyance that is refused entry under this title; 
or 
‘‘(3) any plant, plant product, article, or means 
of conveyance that becomes or has become affected 
with or exposed to any pest or disease because of a 
violation of an agreement for the control and eradi-
cation of diseases or pests or a violation of this title 
by the owner.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 415 
of such Act (7 U.S.C. 7715) is amended by striking 
subsection (e). 
SEC. 403. AGRICULTURAL QUARANTINE INSPECTION AC-
TIVITIES AT PORTS OF ENTRY. 
(a) TRANSFER OF CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL IMPORT 
AND ENTRY FUNCTIONS BACK TO USDA.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There shall be transferred to 
the Secretary of Agriculture the functions of the 
Secretary of Homeland Security relating to agricul-
tural import and entry inspection activities under 
the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.). 
(2) TRANSFER AGREEMENT.—Before the end of 
the transition period, the Secretary of Agriculture 
and the Secretary shall enter into an agreement to 
effectuate the transfer of functions required by para-
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graph (1). The Secretary of Agriculture and the Sec-
retary may jointly revise the agreement as necessary 
thereafter. 
(3) TRANSFER OF DHS EMPLOYEES.—Not later 
than the end of the transition period, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security shall transfer to the Secretary 
of Agriculture not less than 2,600 full-time equiva-
lent positions of the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity. 
(4) 
CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
421(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 231(b)) is amended by— 
(A) striking paragraph (4); and 
(B) redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and 
(7) as paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), respec-
tively. 
(5) TRANSITION
PERIOD
DEFINED.—In this 
subsection, the term ‘‘transition period’’ means the 
period ending on the date that is one year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act. 
(b) RISK MITIGATION REVIEW COMMITTEES.—The 
Secretary of Agriculture shall establish State and regional 
risk mitigation review committees to assist the Secretary 
in assessing disease and pest threats, trends, and condi-
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tions. Such committees shall include staff of State depart-
ments of agriculture and other appropriate persons. 
SEC. 404. ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERV-
ICE EXPORT DIVISION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator of the 
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service shall estab-
lish a sanitary and phytosanitary export petitions division 
within the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 
(b) DUTIES.—The division established under sub-
section (a) shall— 
(1) process sanitary and phytosanitary export 
petitions; 
(2) establish a public docket for sanitary and 
phytosanitary export petitions; and 
(3) 
complete 
review 
of 
sanitary 
and 
phytosanitary export petitions filed on or before the 
date of the enactment of this Act not later than five 
years after such date. 
SEC. 
405. 
CONSULTATIONS 
ON 
SANITARY 
AND 
PHYTOSANITARY RESTRICTIONS FOR FRUITS 
AND VEGETABLES. 
(a) 
CONSULTATIONS
ON
SANITARY
AND 
PHYTOSANITARY RESTRICTIONS FOR FRUITS AND VEGE-
TABLES.—The Secretary of Agriculture shall, to the great-
est practicable extent, consult with interested persons on 
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sanitary and phytosanitary trade issues. The consultation 
shall include— 
(1) annual briefings to interested persons, in-
cluding Congress; 
(2) the development of a strategic risk manage-
ment framework; and 
(3) where appropriate, implementation of peer 
review for risk analysis. 
(b) AMENDMENTS.—Section 2104(b)(2)(A)(ii)(II) of 
the Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002 
(19 U.S.C. 3804(b)(2)(A)(ii)(II)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘whether the products so identi-
fied’’ and inserting ‘‘whether— 
‘‘(aa) the products so identified’’; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(bb) any fruits or vegetables so 
identified are subject to or likely to be 
subject to unjustified sanitary or 
phytosanitary restrictions, including 
those not based on scientific principles 
in contravention of the Uruguay 
Round Agreements, as determined by 
the United States Trade Representa-
tive in consultation with the Agricul-
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tural Technical Advisory Committee 
for Trade in Fruits and Vegetables of 
the Department of Agriculture; and’’. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
subsection (a) apply with respect to the initiation of nego-
tiations to enter into any trade agreement that is subject 
to the provisions of section 2103(b) of the Bipartisan 
Trade Promotion Authority Act of 2002 (19 U.S.C. 
3804(b)) on or after the date of the enactment of this 
Act. 
SEC. 406. MULTI-SPECIES FRUIT FLY RESEARCH AND STER-
ILE FLY PRODUCTION. 
(a) CONSTRUCTION.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall construct a warehouse and irradiation containment 
facility in Waimanalo, Hawaii, to support fruit fly rearing 
activities and to house an irradiation to sterilize fruit flies. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated— 
(1) $15,000,000 for the construction of a ware-
house and irradiation containment facility pursuant 
to subsection (a); and 
(2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 and each 
subsequent fiscal year for maintenance to the facili-
ties constructed pursuant to this section. 
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SEC. 407. AUDIT-BASED APPROACH TO SPECIALTY CROP 
PHYTOSANITARY REGULATION. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall establish a grant program to develop an audit-based 
inspection program to protect against the spread of plant 
pests and to facilitate the interstate movement of plants 
and plant products. 
(b) PROGRAM.—The program established under sub-
section (a) shall provide grants and other assistance to 
specialty crop growers or organizations representing such 
growers or to State and local agencies working with grow-
ers and organizations representing such growers for devel-
opment and implementation of inspection systems based 
on audit-based systems such as best management prac-
tices to address plant pest and to mitigate the risk of plant 
pests in the movement of plants and plant products. 
(c) FUNDING.—The Secretary shall use $5,000,000 
of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this sec-
tion. 
SEC. 408. EARLY PEST DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE IM-
PROVEMENT PROGRAM. 
(a) COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS AUTHORIZED.—The 
Secretary of Agriculture shall enter into a cooperative 
agreement with each State department of agriculture that 
agrees to conduct early pest detection surveillance activi-
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ties in accordance with guidelines established under the 
Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey program of the De-
partment of Agriculture. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary shall consult 
with the National Plant Board and the National Associa-
tion of State Departments of Agriculture in carrying out 
this section. 
(c) BASE FUNDS UNDER AGREEMENTS.—The Sec-
retary shall provide each State department of agriculture 
with which the Secretary enters into a cooperative agree-
ment under this section not less than $250,000 for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 
(d) 
ADDITIONAL
FUNDS; 
SPECIAL
CONSIDER-
ATIONS.—In addition to funds provided under subsection 
(c), the Secretary shall provide funds to a State depart-
ment of agriculture that the Secretary determines is in 
a State that has a high risk of being affected by one or 
more pest, based on the following factors: 
(1) The number of international airports and 
maritime facilities in that State. 
(2) The volume of international passenger and 
cargo entry into that State. 
(3) The geographic location of that State and 
if such location is conducive to agricultural pest and 
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disease establishment due to the climate or crop di-
versity of that State. 
(4) Whether the Secretary has declared an 
emergency in that State pursuant to section 442 of 
the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7772) due to an 
agricultural pest or disease of Federal concern. 
(5) Such other factors as the Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
(e) USE OF FUNDS.— 
(1) PEST DETECTION AND SURVEILLANCE AC-
TIVITIES.—A State department of agriculture that 
receives funds under this section shall use the funds 
to carry out early pest detection and surveillance ac-
tivities to prevent the introduction of a pest or facili-
tate the eradication of a pest. 
(2) SUBAGREEMENTS.—Notwithstanding this 
section, a State department of agriculture may use 
funds received under subsection (c) or (d) to enter 
into subagreements with political subdivisions in 
such State that have legal responsibilities relating to 
agricultural pest and disease surveillance. 
(3) TREATMENT OF FUNDS.—Not more than 5 
percent of the funds provided under subsection (c) 
or (d) may be used for administrative costs to carry 
out a cooperative agreement under this section. 
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(f) NO EFFECT ON PILT PAYMENTS.—The receipt 
of funds by the department of agriculture under this sec-
tion shall have no effect on the amount of any payment 
received by the State of such State department of agri-
culture under chapter 69 of title 31, United States Code. 
(g) FUNDING.—The Secretary shall use $50,000,000 
of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation for each 
of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this sec-
tion. 
(h) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.— 
The term ‘‘State department of agriculture’’ means 
an agency of a State that has a legal responsibility 
to perform early pest detection and surveillance ac-
tivities. 
(2) EARLY
PEST
DETECTION
AND
SURVEIL-
LANCE.—The term ‘‘early pest detection and surveil-
lance’’ means the full range of activities undertaken 
to find newly introduced pests, whether new to the 
United States or new to certain areas of the United 
States, before the pests become established, or be-
fore pest infestations become too large and costly to 
eradicate or control. 
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(3) PEST.—The term ‘‘pest’’ has the meaning 
given the term ‘‘plant pest’’ in section 403(14) of 
the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702(14)). 
TITLE V—NUTRITION 
SEC. 501. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
(1) Fruits and vegetables offer consumers a 
healthy and nutritious product that is recognized as 
critical to the prevention of heart disease, stroke, 
and some cancers and other chronic diseases, the re-
duction of obesity and diabetes, and the maintenance 
of overall good health. 
(2) Proper nutrition is critical in promoting 
good health, preventing disease, and improving qual-
ity of life. 
(3) Agriculture policies and related domestic 
and international nutrition assistance programs 
should support incentives and key strategies that 
help Americans reach national health goals and ulti-
mately reduce health care costs. 
SEC. 502. EXPANSION OF FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE 
PROGRAM. 
Section 18 of the Richard B. Russell National School 
Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769) is amended in subsection 
(g)— 
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(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
(A), by striking ‘‘July 2004’’ and inserting 
‘‘July 2007’’; and 
(B) by amending subparagraphs (A) and 
(B) to read as follows: 
‘‘(A) 100 elementary or secondary schools 
in each State; 
‘‘(B) additional elementary or secondary 
schools in each State in proportion to the stu-
dent population of the State; and’’; 
(2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ‘‘paragraph 
(1)(B)’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph (1)’’; 
(3) in paragraph (5), in each of subparagraphs 
(A) and (B), by striking ‘‘2008’’ and inserting 
‘‘2011’’; and 
(4) in paragraph (6)(B)— 
(A) in clause (i)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘October 1, 2004, and 
on each October 1 thereafter,’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘October 1, 2007, and on each October 
1 thereafter,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$9,000,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$300,000,000’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘(iii) ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES.— 
For fiscal year 2008 and each succeeding 
fiscal year, of the amount available to 
carry out this subsection, the Secretary 
may reserve not more than 1 percent of 
that amount for administrative expenses in 
carrying out this subsection. 
‘‘(iv) 
STATE
ADMINISTRATIVE 
COSTS.—For fiscal year 2008 and each 
succeeding fiscal year, of the amount re-
ceived by a State to carry out this sub-
section, the State may use not more than 
5 percent of that amount for administra-
tive expenses in carrying out this sub-
section. To be eligible to use such funds 
for such expenses, the State must submit 
to the Secretary a plan indicating how the 
State intends to use such funds. 
‘‘(v) FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS.—The 
Secretary shall establish requirements to 
be followed by States in administering this 
subsection. The initial set of requirements 
shall be established not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this 
clause.’’. 
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SEC. 503. FRUIT AND VEGETABLE NUTRITION PROMOTION 
PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture, act-
ing through the Administrator of the Agricultural Mar-
keting Service, shall establish and carry out a program 
to provide assistance to eligible trade organizations de-
scribed in subsection (c) in support of efforts to increase 
the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the United 
States to meet Federal health guidelines. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICIPATION.—To be eli-
gible for assistance under this section, an eligible trade 
organization shall— 
(1) submit to the Administrator of the Agricul-
tural Marketing Service a plan, meeting such guide-
lines as the Administrator may establish, to increase 
the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the 
United States; and 
(2) meet any other requirements established by 
the Administrator. 
(c) ELIGIBLE TRADE ORGANIZATIONS.—An eligible 
trade organization referred to in subsection (a) means any 
of the following: 
(1) A nonprofit fruit and vegetable trade orga-
nization in the United States; 
(2) A nonprofit State or regional fruit and veg-
etable organization. 
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(3) A fruit and vegetable agricultural coopera-
tive in the United States. 
(4) A commodity board or commission in the 
United States. 
(5) A business engaged in the fruit and vege-
table industry in the United States. 
(d) MATCHING FUNDS.—Assistance provided under 
this section shall not exceed— 
(1) in the case of an entity referred to in para-
graphs (1) through (4) of subsection (c), 50 percent 
of the cost of the plan submitted by the entity under 
subsection (b) and approved by the Administrator of 
the Agricultural Marketing Service; and 
(2) in the case of a business referred to in 
paragraph (5) of such subsection, 50 percent of the 
cost of the plan submitted by the business under 
subsection (b) and approved by the Administrator. 
(e) FUNDING.—The Administrator of the Agricul-
tural Marketing Service shall use the funds of the Com-
modity Credit Corporation to carry out this section in the 
following amounts: 
(1) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 
and 2009. 
(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 
(3) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. 
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(4) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2012. 
SEC. 504. USE OF ‘‘DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS’’ 
IN 
SPECIAL 
NUTRITION 
PROGRAMS 
AND 
SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAMS. 
Section 9(a) of the Richard B. Russell National 
School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1758(a)) is amended by add-
ing at the end the following: 
‘‘(5) ALLOCATIONS TO BE BASED ON DIETARY 
GUIDELINES.—For school year 2007 and each school 
year thereafter, the Secretary shall ensure that allo-
cations of food and food ingredients offered in school 
nutrition programs under this Act and the Child 
Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) are 
based on the most recent Dietary Guidelines for 
Americans.’’. 
SEC. 505. SECTION 32 SPECIALTY CROP PURCHASES. 
(a) MINIMUM LEVEL OF PURCHASES.—Section 32 of 
the Act of August 24, 1935 (7 U.S.C. 612c) is amended 
in the sixth sentence by inserting after ‘‘and their prod-
ucts’’ the following: ‘‘, and, for each of fiscal years 2008 
through 2012, the Secretary of Agriculture shall devote 
not less than $400,000,000 of sums appropriated under 
this section to purchases of non-basic agricultural com-
modities, such as fruits, vegetables, and other specialty 
food crops’’. 
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(b) EXPANSION OF DOD FRESH PROGRAM.—Such 
section is further amended by inserting after the sixth sen-
tence, as amended by subsection (a), the following new 
sentence: ‘‘Of the funds specified in the preceding sen-
tence, the Secretary of Agriculture shall expend not less 
than $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, $75,000,000 for 
both fiscal years 2009 and 2010, $100,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2011, and $125,000,000 for fiscal year 2012 for the 
purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables for distribution to 
schools and service institutions in accordance with section 
6(a) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1755(a)).’’. 
SEC. 506. SCHOOL PREFERENCE STUDY. 
The Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out a study 
on the preferences of elementary and secondary schools 
for commodity distribution, including the extent to which 
such schools prefer commodity distribution to include 
fruits and vegetables, and submit to Congress a report on 
the results of the study. The report shall include an anal-
ysis of the logistical issues that would impede efforts to 
increase the extent to which commodity distribution to 
schools includes fruits and vegetables, and shall include 
recommendations for improving the availability of fruits 
and vegetables to schools. 
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SEC. 507. INDEPENDENT EVALUATION OF DEPARTMENT OF 
AGRICULTURE 
COMMODITY 
PURCHASE 
PROCESS. 
(a) EVALUATION REQUIRED.—The Secretary of Agri-
culture shall arrange to have performed an independent 
evaluation of the commodity purchasing processes (and 
the statutory and regulatory authority underlying such 
processes) used by the Department of Agriculture to re-
move surplus commodities from the market and support 
commodity prices and producer incomes, especially with 
regard to activities under section 32 of the Act of August 
24, 1935 (7 U.S.C. 612c) and the importance of increas-
ing purchases of perishable specialty crops. 
(b) SUBMISSION OF RESULTS.—Not later than one 
year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Agriculture shall submit to Congress a report 
on the results of the evaluation. 
SEC. 508. AMENDMENTS TO THE FOOD STAMP PROGRAM. 
(a) DEFINITION.—Section 3 of the Food Stamp Act 
of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(v) ‘food stamp nutrition education’ means direct 
education, group activities, community health promotion, 
and comprehensive public health approaches (including 
but not limited to, social marketing, mass media, public- 
private partnerships, policy, systems and environmental 
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changes, and evaluation) that promote healthy eating and 
make healthy food and physical activity choices more de-
sired, affordable, and accessible. To serve all those poten-
tially eligible for food stamps, nutrition education pro-
grams should be designed to reach large numbers of low- 
income individuals. Programs shall support behavior 
change consistent with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for 
Americans, including a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, 
whole grains, and low-fat milk products.’’. 
(b) ADMINISTRATION.—Section 11(e)(1)(A) of the 
Food Stamp Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)(1)(A) is 
amended by inserting ‘‘, and provide food stamp nutrition 
education’’ after ‘‘program’’ . 
SEC. 509. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING NUTRI-
TIONAL SUPPLEMENTS. 
It is the sense of the Congress that benefits provided 
under the Food Stamp Act of 1977 should not be available 
to purchase nutrition supplements or anything other than 
food. 
SEC. 510. FOOD STAMP FRUIT AND VEGETABLE EBT PILOT 
PROJECT. 
(a) FINDING.—The Congress finds that increased 
consumption of fruits and vegetables by participants in the 
food stamp program will significantly improve the overall 
dietary habits of such participants. 
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(b) PILOT PROJECT.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall establish and carry out a pilot project that will pro-
vide to each participant in the food stamp program who 
receives benefits in the form of an electronic benefit trans-
fer, financial incentives for each dollar of such benefits 
expended by such recipient to facilitate the purchase of 
fresh fruits and vegetables. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of 5 
fiscal years to carry out this section. 
SEC. 511. DECENNIAL EVALUATIONS OF WIC FOOD PACK-
AGES. 
Section 17(e) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 
U.S.C. 1786(e)) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(6) DECENNIAL EVALUATION.—In 2015, and 
every 10 years thereafter, the Secretary shall ar-
range for the National Academy of Sciences, Insti-
tute of Medicine, to evaluate, in light of the most re-
cent Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the food 
packages used in carrying out this section and to 
recommend changes to those packages to reflect cur-
rent public health concerns, nutrition science, and 
the diverse cultures the program serves.’’. 
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SEC. 512. EXTENSION OF WIC FARMERS’ MARKET NUTRI-
TION PROGRAM. 
Section 17(m)(9)(A) of the Child Nutrition Act of 
1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786(m)(9)(A)) is amended— 
(1) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘2009’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘2013’’; and 
(2) by striking clause (ii) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(ii) MANDATORY FUNDING.—Of the 
funds of the Commodity Credit Corpora-
tion, the Secretary shall make available to 
carry out this subsection $20,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2008, $30,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2009, $45,000,000 for fiscal year 
2010, $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, 
and not less than $75,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2012 and each fiscal year
thereafter. 
Such funds shall remain available until ex-
pended.’’. 
SEC. 513. SENIOR FARMERS’ MARKET NUTRITION PRO-
GRAM. 
Section 4402 of the Farm Security and Rural Invest-
ment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 3007) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’, and inserting 
‘‘$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, $30,000,000 for 
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fiscal year 2009, $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2010, 
$60,000,000 for fiscal year 2011, and not less than 
$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2012 and each fiscal 
year thereafter’’; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (2) by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end, 
(B) in paragraph (3) by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’, and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) to promote the transition to organic and 
other environmentally beneficial food production sys-
tems.’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new sub-
section: 
‘‘(d) ELIGIBLE PARTICIPANTS; BENEFIT LEVELS.— 
The regulations required by subsection (c)— 
‘‘(1) shall allow for participation by farmers’ 
markets, and roadside stands, community supported 
agriculture programs; and 
‘‘(2) shall not limit the ability of State or re-
gional programs to set benefit levels per individual 
senior.’’. 
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TITLE VI—AGRICULTURAL 
RESEARCH 
SEC. 601. SPECIALTY CROPS ECONOMIC AND POLICY RE-
SEARCH INSTITUTE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—A Specialty Crop Economic 
and Policy Research Institute is established to study eco-
nomic and public policy issues that affect the competitive-
ness of United States specialty crops from a regional and 
national perspective. 
(b) MEMBER INSTITUTIONS.—The Specialty Crop 
Economic and Policy Research Institute shall operate as 
a collaborative among the following academic institutions: 
(1) Arizona State University: Morrison School 
of Management and Agribusiness. 
(2) California Polytechnic State University, San 
Luis Obispo: California Institute for the Study of 
Specialty Crops. 
(3) California State University, Fresno: Center 
for Agricultural Business. 
(4) Cornell University: Department of Applied 
Economics and Management. 
(5) Michigan State University: Department of 
Agricultural Economics. 
(6) University of California: Agricultural Issues 
Center. 
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(7) University of Florida: International Agricul-
tural Trade and Policy Center. 
(8) Washington State University: IMPACT 
Center. 
(c) MANAGEMENT.—The Specialty Crop Economic 
and Policy Research Institute shall be coordinated and 
managed by the California Polytechnic State University, 
San Luis Obispo. The California Polytechnic State Uni-
versity shall direct funding to, and coordinate and facili-
tate the economic and policy research activities of, the 
members institutions. 
(d) OTHER PARTICIPATION.—The members of the 
Specialty Crop Economic and Policy Research Institute 
are encouraged to collaborate with other universities, aca-
demic bodies, and researchers with regional and national 
expertise. 
(e) ADVISORY BOARDS.— 
(1) NATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Specialty 
Crop Economic and Policy Research Insti-
tute shall establish a national advisory 
board. 
(B) MEMBERSHIP.—The national ad-
visory board shall be comprised of the fol-
lowing: 
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100 
(i) A representative of the re-
gional advisory boards. 
(ii) A representative of each of 
the members of the Specialty Crop 
Economic and Policy Research Insti-
tute. 
(iii) A representative from the 
Office of Chief Economist or Eco-
nomic Research Service of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. 
(iv) A representative from the 
Committee on Agriculture of the 
House of Representatives. 
(v) A representative from the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
and Forestry of the Senate. 
(C) CHAIRPERSON.—A chairperson 
for the national advisory board shall be 
chosen by consensus of the members of the 
board. 
(2) REGIONAL ADVISORY BOARD.— 
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Each member 
of the Specialty Crop Economic and Policy 
Research Institute representing a region of 
the United States, including Great Lakes 
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101 
States, Mountain States, Northeast States; 
Northwest States, Southern States, and 
Western States shall establish a regional 
advisory board and appoint the members of 
that advisory board. 
(B) MEMBERSHIP.—The regional ad-
visory boards shall be comprised of spe-
cialty crop producers from the region’s 
States. The Secretary, Commissioner, or 
Director of the region’s State agriculture 
departments shall be invited to participate 
in the regional advisory board as ex officio 
members. 
(C) CHAIRPERSON.—A chairperson of 
each regional advisory board shall be cho-
sen by consensus of the members of that 
board. 
(3) ROLE.—The role of the advisory 
boards shall be to— 
(A) provide information and prioritize 
economic and public policy issues from a 
regional and national perspective; and 
(B) review and comment in regards to 
the research projects funded by the Spe-
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102 
cialty Crop Economic and Policy Research 
Institute. 
(4) 
ANNUAL
MEETING.—The 
advisory 
boards shall each meet, at minimum, annually. 
(f) INSTITUTE OBJECTIVES.—The objectives of the 
Specialty Crop Economic and Policy Research Institute 
shall be as follows: 
(1) To provide Congress with a resource for 
analysis of the specialty crop sector, including the 
impact of changes in domestic and international 
markets, production and new product technologies, 
alternative policies and macroeconomic conditions on 
specialty crop production, use, farm and retail 
prices, and farm income and financial stability from 
a national, regional, and farm-level perspective. 
(2) To provide annual review of the economic 
state of the specialty crop industry from a regional 
perspective. 
(3) To provide specialty crop producers with 
World Wide Web-based risk management tools that 
can be used to assess the impact of policy, market, 
and technological change on their production oper-
ations. 
(4) To develop an information series that pro-
vides applied information useful to specialty crop 
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103 
growers, their associations, and other interested 
stakeholders in evaluating that industry from a re-
gional and national perspective. 
(5) To disseminate the results of research 
through printed reports, workshops, specialty crop 
grower association meetings, and on the World Wide 
Web. 
(6) To provide research and policy internship 
opportunities for undergraduate and graduate stu-
dents. 
(g) FUNDING.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Of the funds of the Com-
modity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make 
available to carry out this section the following: 
(A) For fiscal year 2008, $3,800,000. 
(B) For fiscal year 2009, $4,000,000. 
(C) For fiscal year 2010, $4,000,000. 
(D) For fiscal year 2011, $4,000,000. 
(2) INDIRECT
AND
DIRECT.—The Secretary 
may use funds made available under this subsection 
for direct and indirect costs of carrying out this sec-
tion. Indirect costs shall not to exceed 12.5 percent 
of the total costs. 
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104 
SEC. 602. DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALTY CROP PRIORITY 
FOR THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
The Secretary of Agriculture shall develop a specialty 
crop priority area within the overall areas of emphasis of 
the National Research Initiative. Funds available to the 
Secretary for the specialty crop priority area shall be ex-
pended on the applied research and extension programs 
that increase the quality of specialty crop research. The 
National Research Initiative peer review process shall in-
clude representation from the specialty crop sector. 
SEC. 603. ESTABLISHMENT OF SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH 
GRANTS PROGRAM FOR PRODUCERS TO IM-
PROVE EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Agriculture 
shall establish a program to award grants to eligible enti-
ties to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of 
United States specialty crop producers. 
(b) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—The Secretary shall deter-
mine eligible entities for grants under this section. Such 
entities shall include Federal agencies, nonprofit United 
States specialty crop trade organizations and foundations, 
nonprofit State and regional specialty crop organizations, 
United States specialty crop agricultural cooperatives, 
commodity boards and commissions, university research 
and extension programs, and businesses in the specialty 
crop industry. 
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