(2) analysis of past program performance, both 
in terms of technical advances and in market intro-
duction of renewable energy; and 
(3) any other analysis or evaluation that the 
Secretary considers appropriate. 
(b) FUNDING.—The Secretary may designate up to 
1 percent of the funds appropriated for carrying out this 
title for analysis and evaluation activities under this sec-
tion. 
SEC. 411. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
The following sums are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary for the purposes of carrying out this title: 
(1) For fiscal year 2006, $465,000,000, of 
which— 
(A) $100,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the solar program under section 404; 
(B) $200,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the bioenergy program under section 405, in-
cluding $100,000,000 for the biorefinery dem-
onstration program under section 405(c); 
(C) $55,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the wind program under section 406, including 
$10,000,000 for the facility described in section 
406(b);
(D) $30,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the geothermal program under section 407; and 
(E) $50,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the photovoltaic demonstration program under 
section 408. 
(2) For fiscal year 2007, $605,000,000, of 
which— 
(A) $140,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the solar program under section 404; 
(B) $245,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the bioenergy program under section 405, in-
cluding $125,000,000 for the biorefinery dem-
onstration program under section 405(c); 
(C) $60,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the wind program under section 406, including 
$15,000,000 for the facility described in section 
406(b); 
(D) $30,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the geothermal program under section 407; and 
(E) $100,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the photovoltaic demonstration program under 
section 408. 
(3) For fiscal year 2008, $775,000,000, of 
which—
(A) $200,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the solar program under section 404; 
(B) $310,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the bioenergy program under section 405, in-
cluding $150,000,000 for the biorefinery dem-
onstration program under section 405(c); 
(C) $65,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the wind program under section 406, including 
$10,000,000 for the facility described in section 
406(b); 
(D) $30,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the geothermal program under section 407; and 
(E) $150,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the photovoltaic demonstration program under 
section 408. 
(4) For fiscal year 2009, $940,000,000, of 
which— 
(A) $250,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the solar program under section 404; 
(B) $355,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the bioenergy program under section 405, in-
cluding $175,000,000 for the biorefinery dem-
onstration program under section 405(c); 
(C) $65,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the wind program under section 406, including
$5,000,000 for the facility described in section 
406(b); 
(D) $30,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the geothermal program under section 407; and 
(E) $200,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the photovoltaic demonstration program under 
section 408. 
(5) For fiscal year 2010, $1,125,000,000, of 
which— 
(A) $300,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the solar program under section 404; 
(B) $400,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the bioenergy program under section 405, in-
cluding $200,000,000 for the biorefinery dem-
onstration program under section 405(c); 
(C) $65,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the wind program under section 406, including 
$1,000,000 for the facility described in section 
406(b); 
(D) $30,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the geothermal program under section 407; and 
(E) $300,000,000 shall be for carrying out 
the photovoltaic demonstration program under 
section 408.
TITLE V—NUCLEAR ENERGY 
PROGRAMS 
SEC. 501. DEFINITION. 
In this title, the term ‘‘junior faculty’’ means a fac-
ulty member who was awarded a doctorate less than 10 
years before receipt of an award from the grant program 
described in section 512(b)(2). 
SEC. 502. PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct pro-
grams of civilian nuclear energy research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application, including ac-
tivities described in this title. Programs under this title 
shall be focused on— 
(1) enhancing nuclear power’s viability as part 
of the United States energy portfolio; 
(2) providing the technical means to reduce the 
likelihood of nuclear proliferation; 
(3) maintaining a cadre of nuclear scientists 
and engineers; 
(4) maintaining National Laboratory and uni-
versity nuclear programs, including their infrastruc-
ture; 
(5) supporting both individual researchers and 
multidisciplinary teams of researchers to pioneer
new approaches in nuclear energy, science, and tech-
nology; 
(6) developing, planning, constructing, acquir-
ing, and operating special equipment and facilities 
for the use of researchers; 
(7) supporting technology transfer and other 
appropriate activities to assist the nuclear energy in-
dustry, and other users of nuclear science and engi-
neering, including activities addressing reliability, 
availability, productivity, component aging, safety, 
and security of nuclear power plants; and 
(8) reducing the environmental impact of nu-
clear energy-related activities. 
(b) GOALS.— 
(1) INITIAL
GOALS.—In accordance with the 
performance plan and report requirements in section 
4 of the Government Performance Results Act of 
1993, the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress, 
along with the President’s annual budget request for 
fiscal year 2007, a report containing outcome meas-
ures with explicitly stated cost and performance 
baselines. The measures shall specify performance 
goals, with quantifiable 5-year cost improvement and 
reliability, availability, productivity, and component 
aging target levels for a wide range of nuclear en-
ergy technologies, and any other such goals the Sec-
retary considers appropriate. 
(2) SUBSEQUENT
TRANSMITTALS.—The Sec-
retary shall transmit to the Congress, along with the 
President’s annual budget request for each fiscal 
year after 2007, a report containing— 
(A) a description, including quantitative 
analysis, of progress in achieving performance 
goals transmitted under paragraph (1), as com-
pared to the baselines transmitted under para-
graph (1); and 
(B) any amendments to such goals. 
(c) PUBLIC INPUT.—The Secretary shall consider ad-
vice from industry, universities, and other interested par-
ties through seeking comments in the Federal Register 
and other means before transmitting each report under 
subsection (b). 
Subtitle A—Nuclear Energy 
Research Programs 
SEC. 511. ADVANCED FUEL RECYCLING PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct an 
advanced fuel recycling technology research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application program to 
evaluate fuel recycling or transmutation technologies 
which are proliferation-resistant and minimize environ-
mental and public health and safety impacts, as an alter-
native to aqueous reprocessing technologies deployed as of 
the date of enactment of this Act, in support of evaluation 
of alternative national strategies for spent nuclear fuel and 
advanced reactor concepts. The program shall be subject 
to annual review by the Secretary’s Nuclear Energy Re-
search Advisory Committee or other independent entity, 
as appropriate. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.—The Secretary 
shall seek opportunities to engage international partners 
with expertise in advanced fuel recycling technologies 
where such partnerships may help achieve program goals. 
SEC. 512. UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEER-
ING SUPPORT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a 
program to invest in human resources and infrastructure 
in the nuclear sciences and related fields, including health 
physics, nuclear engineering, and radiochemistry, con-
sistent with Departmental missions related to civilian nu-
clear research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying out the program 
under this section, the Secretary shall— 
(1) conduct a graduate and undergraduate fel-
lowship program to attract new and talented stu-
dents, which may include fellowships for students to 
spend time at National Laboratories in the areas of 
nuclear science, engineering, and health physics with 
a member of the National Laboratory staff acting as 
a mentor; 
(2) conduct a junior faculty research initiation 
grant program to assist universities in recruiting 
and retaining new faculty in the nuclear sciences 
and engineering by awarding grants to junior faculty 
for research on issues related to nuclear energy engi-
neering and science; 
(3) support fundamental nuclear sciences, engi-
neering, and health physics research through a nu-
clear engineering education and research program; 
(4) encourage collaborative nuclear research 
among industry, National Laboratories, and univer-
sities; and 
(5) support communication and outreach re-
lated to nuclear science, engineering, and health 
physics. 
(c) STRENGTHENING UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND 
TRAINING REACTORS
AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUC-
TURE.—In carrying out the program under this section, 
the Secretary may support—
(1) converting research reactors from high-en-
richment fuels to low-enrichment fuels and upgrad-
ing operational instrumentation; 
(2) consortia of universities to broaden access 
to university research reactors; 
(3) student training programs, in collaboration 
with the United States nuclear industry, in reli-
censing and upgrading reactors, including through 
the provision of technical assistance; and 
(4) reactor improvements as part of a focused 
effort that emphasizes research, training, and edu-
cation, including through the Innovations in Nuclear 
Infrastructure and Education Program or any simi-
lar program. 
(d) OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE.—Funding for 
a project provided under this section may be used for a 
portion of the operating and maintenance costs of a re-
search reactor at a university used in the project. 
SEC. 513. UNIVERSITY-NATIONAL LABORATORY INTER-
ACTIONS. 
The Secretary shall conduct— 
(1) a fellowship program for professors at uni-
versities to spend sabbaticals at National Labora-
tories in the areas of nuclear science and technology; 
and
(2) a visiting scientist program in which Na-
tional Laboratory staff can spend time in academic 
nuclear science and engineering departments. 
SEC. 514. NUCLEAR POWER 2010 PROGRAM. 
The Secretary shall carry out a Nuclear Power 2010 
Program, consistent with recommendations in the October 
2001 report entitled ‘‘A Roadmap to Deploy New Nuclear 
Power Plants in the United States by 2010’’ issued by 
the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the 
Department. The Program shall include— 
(1) the expertise and capabilities of industry, 
universities, and National Laboratories in evaluation 
of advanced nuclear fuel cycles and fuels testing; 
(2) a variety of reactor designs suitable for both 
developed and developing nations; 
(3) participation of international collaborators 
in research, development, and design efforts as ap-
propriate; and 
(4) university and industry participation. 
SEC. 515. GENERATION IV NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEMS INI-
TIATIVE. 
The Secretary shall carry out a Generation IV Nu-
clear Energy Systems Initiative to develop an overall tech-
nology plan and to support research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application necessary to make
an informed technical decision about the most promising 
candidates for the eventual commercial application of ad-
vanced fission reactor technology for the generation of 
electricity. The Initiative shall examine advanced prolifera-
tion-resistant and passively safe reactor designs, including 
designs that— 
(1) are economically competitive with other elec-
tric power generation plants; 
(2) have higher efficiency, lower cost, and im-
proved safety compared to reactors in operation on 
the date of enactment of this Act; 
(3) use fuels that are proliferation-resistant and 
have substantially reduced production of high-level 
waste per unit of output; and 
(4) use improved instrumentation. 
SEC. 516. CIVILIAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES. 
The Secretary shall operate and maintain infrastruc-
ture and facilities to support the nuclear energy research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application 
programs, including radiological facilities management, 
isotope production, and facilities management. 
SEC. 517. NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN. 
In carrying out section 209, the Secretary shall—
(1) develop an inventory of nuclear science and 
engineering facilities, equipment, expertise, and 
other assets at all of the National Laboratories; 
(2) develop a prioritized list of nuclear science 
and engineering plant and equipment improvements 
needed at each of the National Laboratories; 
(3) consider the available facilities and expertise 
at all National Laboratories and emphasize invest-
ments which complement rather than duplicate capa-
bilities; and 
(4) develop a timeline and a proposed budget 
for the completion of deferred maintenance on plant 
and equipment, 
with the goal of ensuring that Department programs 
under this title will be generally recognized to be among 
the best in the world. 
SEC. 518. IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY FACILITIES 
PLAN. 
(a) PLAN.—The Secretary shall develop a comprehen-
sive plan for the facilities at the Idaho National Labora-
tory, especially taking into account the resources available 
at other National Laboratories. In developing the plan, the 
Secretary shall— 
(1) evaluate the facilities planning processes 
utilized by other physical science and engineering re-
search and development institutions, both in the 
United States and abroad, that are generally recog-
nized as being among the best in the world, and con-
sider how those processes might be adapted toward 
developing such facilities plan; 
(2) avoid duplicating, moving, or transferring 
nuclear science and engineering facilities, equipment, 
expertise, and other assets that currently exist at 
other National Laboratories; 
(3) consider the establishment of a national 
transuranic analytic chemistry laboratory as a user 
facility at the Idaho National Laboratory; 
(4) include a plan to develop, if feasible, the 
Advanced Test Reactor and Test Reactor Area into 
a user facility that is more readily accessible to aca-
demic and industrial researchers; 
(5) consider the establishment of a fast neutron 
source as a user facility; 
(6) consider the establishment of new ‘‘hot 
cells’’ and the configuration of ‘‘hot cells’’ most like-
ly to advance research, development, demonstration, 
and commercial application in nuclear science and 
engineering, especially in the context of the condition 
and availability of these facilities elsewhere in the 
National Laboratories; and
(7) include a timeline and a proposed budget 
for the completion of deferred maintenance on plant 
and equipment. 
(b) TRANSMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 
one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary shall transmit such plan to Congress. 
SEC. 519. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZATION.—The following sums 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the 
purposes of carrying out this subtitle: 
(1) $407,000,000 for fiscal year 2006. 
(2) $427,000,000 for fiscal year 2007. 
(3) $449,000,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
(4) $471,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
(5) $495,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. 
(b) UNIVERSITY SUPPORT.—Of the funds authorized 
under subsection (a), the following sums are authorized 
to be appropriated to carry out section 512: 
(1) $35,200,000 for fiscal year 2006. 
(2) $44,350,000 for fiscal year 2007. 
(3) $49,200,000 for fiscal year 2008. 
(4) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. 
(5) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.
100 
Subtitle B—Next Generation 
Nuclear Plant Program 
SEC. 531. DEFINITIONS. 
For purposes of this subtitle: 
(1) CONSTRUCTION.—The term ‘‘construction’’ 
means the physical construction of the demonstra-
tion plant, and the physical construction, purchase, 
or manufacture of equipment or components that 
are specifically designed for the demonstration plant, 
but does not mean the design of the facility, equip-
ment, or components. 
(2) DEMONSTRATION PLANT.—The term ‘‘dem-
onstration plant’’ means an advanced fission reactor 
power plant constructed and operated in accordance 
with this subtitle. 
(3) OPERATION.—The term ‘‘operation’’ means 
the operation of the demonstration plant, including 
general maintenance and provision of power, heating 
and cooling, and other building services that are spe-
cifically for the demonstration plant, but does not 
mean operations that support other activities co-
located with the demonstration plant. 
SEC. 532. NEXT GENERATION NUCLEAR POWER PLANT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a 
program of research, development, demonstration, and
101 
commercial application of advanced nuclear fission reactor 
technology. The objective of this program shall be to dem-
onstrate the technical and economic feasibility of an ad-
vanced nuclear fission reactor power plant design for the 
commercial production of electricity. 
(b) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.—The program 
shall include research, development, design, planning, and 
all other necessary activities to support the construction 
and operation of the demonstration plant. 
(c) SUBSYSTEM DEMONSTRATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall support demonstration of enabling technologies and 
subsystems and other research, development, demonstra-
tion, and commercial application activities necessary to 
support the activities in this subtitle. 
(d) CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION.—The program 
shall culminate in the construction and operation of the 
demonstration plant based on a design selected by the Sec-
retary in accordance with procedures described in the plan 
required by section 534(c). The demonstration plant shall 
be located and constructed within the United States and 
shall be operational, and capable of demonstrating the 
commercial production of electricity, by December 31, 
2015. 
(e) LIMITATION.—No funds shall be expended for the 
construction or operation of the demonstration plant until
102 
90 days have elapsed after the transmission of the plan 
described in section 534(c). 
SEC. 533. ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 
The Secretary shall appoint a Next Generation Nu-
clear Power Plant Subcommittee of the Nuclear Energy 
Research Advisory Council to provide advice to the Sec-
retary on technical matters and program management for 
the duration of the program and construction project 
under this subtitle. 
SEC. 534. PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out the program 
under this subtitle, the Secretary shall make use of part-
nerships with industry for the research, development, de-
sign, construction, and operation of the demonstration 
plant. In establishing such partnerships, the Secretary 
shall give preference to companies for which the principal 
base of operations is located in the United States. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION.—(1) The Sec-
retary shall seek international cooperation, participation, 
and financial contribution in this program, including as-
sistance from specialists or facilities from member coun-
tries of the Generation IV International Forum, the Rus-
sian Federation, or other international partners where 
such specialists or facilities provide access to cost-effective 
and relevant skills or test capabilities.
103 
(2) International activities shall be carried out in con-
sultation with the Generation IV International Forum. 
(3) The program may include demonstration of se-
lected program objectives in a partner nation. 
(c) PROGRAM PLAN.—Not later than one year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a comprehensive program plan. The 
program plan shall— 
(1) describe the plan for development, selection, 
management, ownership, operation, and decommis-
sioning of the demonstration plant; 
(2) identify program milestones and a timeline 
for achieving these milestones; 
(3) provide for development of risk-based cri-
teria for any future commercial development of a re-
actor architecture based on that of the demonstra-
tion plant; 
(4) include a projected budget required to meet 
the milestones; and 
(5) include an explanation of any major pro-
gram decisions that deviate from program advice 
given to the Secretary by the advisory committee es-
tablished under section 533.
104 
SEC. 535. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DESIGN PRO-
GRAMS.—The following sums are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary for the purposes of carrying out 
this subtitle except for the demonstration plant activities 
described in subsection (b): 
(1) For fiscal year 2006, $150,000,000. 
(2) For fiscal year 2007, $150,000,000. 
(3) For fiscal year 2008, $150,000,000. 
(4) For fiscal year 2009, $150,000,000. 
(5) For fiscal year 2010, $150,000,000. 
(b) REACTOR CONSTRUCTION.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as may be 
necessary for operation and construction of the dem-
onstration plant under this subtitle. The Secretary shall 
not spend more than $500,000,000 for demonstration 
plant reactor construction activities under this subtitle. 
TITLE VI—FOSSIL ENERGY 
Subtitle A—Research Programs 
SEC. 601. ENHANCED FOSSIL ENERGY RESEARCH AND DE-
VELOPMENT PROGRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall, in conjunc-
tion with industry, conduct fossil energy research, develop-
ment, demonstration, and commercial applications pro-
grams, including activities under this subtitle, with the 
goal of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and envi-
105 
ronmental performance of fossil energy production, up-
grading, conversion, and consumption. Such programs 
shall be focused on— 
(1) increasing the conversion efficiency of all 
forms of fossil energy through improved tech-
nologies; 
(2) decreasing the cost of all fossil energy pro-
duction, generation, and delivery; 
(3) promoting diversity of energy supply; 
(4) decreasing the Nation’s dependence on for-
eign energy supplies; 
(5) improving United States energy security; 
(6) decreasing the environmental impact of en-
ergy-related activities; and 
(7) increasing the export of fossil energy-related 
equipment, technology, and services from the United 
States. 
(b) GOALS.— 
(1) INITIAL
GOALS.—In accordance with the 
performance plan and report requirements in section 
4 of the Government Performance Results Act of 
1993, the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress, 
along with the President’s annual budget request for 
fiscal year 2007, a report containing outcome meas-
ures with explicitly stated cost and performance
106 
baselines. The measures shall specify production or 
efficiency performance goals, with quantifiable 5- 
year cost and energy savings target levels, for fossil 
energy, and any other such goals the Secretary con-
siders appropriate. 
(2) SUBSEQUENT
TRANSMITTALS.—The Sec-
retary shall transmit to the Congress, along with the 
President’s annual budget request for each fiscal 
year after 2007, a report containing— 
(A) a description, including quantitative 
analysis, of progress in achieving performance 
goals transmitted under paragraph (1), as com-
pared to the baselines transmitted under para-
graph (1); and 
(B) any amendments to such goals. 
(c) COVERED ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary shall en-
sure that the goals stated in subsection (b) are illustrative 
of the outcomes necessary to promote acceptance of the 
programs’ efforts in the marketplace, but at a minimum 
shall encompass the following areas: 
(1) Coal gasifiers. 
(2) Turbine generators, including both natural 
gas and syngas fueled.
107 
(3) Oxygen separation devices, hydrogen sepa-
ration devices, and carbon dioxide separation tech-
nologies. 
(4) Coal gas and post-combustion emission 
cleanup and disposal equipment, including carbon di-
oxide capture and disposal equipment. 
(5) Average per-foot drilling costs for oil and 
gas, segregated by appropriate drilling regimes, in-
cluding onshore versus offshore and depth cat-
egories. 
(6) Production of liquid fuels from nontradi-
tional feedstocks, including syngas, biomass, meth-
ane, and combinations thereof. 
(7) Environmental discharge per barrel of oil or 
oil-equivalent production, including reinjected waste. 
(8) Surface disturbance on both a per-well and 
per-barrel of oil or oil-equivalent production basis. 
(d) PUBLIC INPUT.—The Secretary shall consider ad-
vice from industry, universities, and other interested par-
ties through seeking comments in the Federal Register 
and other means before transmitting each report under 
subsection (b). 
SEC. 602. FOSSIL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) OBJECTIVES.—The Secretary shall conduct a pro-
gram of fossil research, development, demonstration, and