I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4416 
To establish in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a 
program to improve precipitation forecasts, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 15, 2025 
Ms. ROSS (for herself and Mr. WEBER of Texas) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To establish in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration a program to improve precipitation fore-
casts, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF NOAA PRECIPITATION 
FORECASTS PROGRAM. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the 
National 
Oceanic 
and 
Atmospheric 
Administration 
(NOAA) a program to improve precipitation forecasts (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘program’’). 
(b) GOAL.—The goal of the program shall be to im-
prove precipitation forecasts across all timescales through 
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the research, development, and operational implementa-
tion of fully coupled Earth System Models. The program 
shall carry out the following: 
(1) Improve the understanding and prediction 
of precipitation extremes from a wide variety of 
weather systems and climate patterns. 
(2) Improve the development, production, man-
agement, assimilation, integration, availability, and 
curation of datasets for precipitation prediction. 
(3) Identify and improve observations and anal-
yses necessary for precipitation prediction, including 
relating to water vapor, oceans, and boundary lay-
ers. 
(4) Utilize high performance computing and 
other technologies, as appropriate, to advance Earth 
System Models predictions skill of precipitation ex-
treme phenomena, including atmospheric rivers, 
tropical cyclones, and winter storms across weather, 
subseasonal, and decadal timescales. 
(5) Advance understanding and modeling of 
precipitation processes key to improving models and 
precipitation forecasts from weather to subseasonal- 
to-seasonal (S2S) to seasonal-to-decadal (S2D) 
timescales. 
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(6) Support research and development to im-
prove the accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of pre-
cipitation prediction, in collaboration with academic 
and private sector partners to test and evaluate 
emerging technologies, including the use of machine 
learning and artificial intelligence. 
(7) Improve weather, subseasonal, seasonal, and 
decadal skill for precipitation forecasts through the 
use of emerging techniques and technologies. 
(8) Support research in social and behavioral 
sciences to improve precipitation forecast products 
and communication, in collaboration with the Direc-
tor of the National Weather Service. 
(9) Lead the ongoing advancement of current 
and next-generation precipitation forecasting models. 
(10) Identify observational gaps, systematic er-
rors, and model limitations in precipitation pre-
diction systems. 
(11) Improve, expand, and sustain operational 
precipitation products and applications for decision 
support. 
(12) Coordinate across NOAA line offices to ad-
dress priorities of the program. 
(13) Direct efforts to engage with Federal, 
State, local, Tribal, and academic entities and stake-
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holders, as appropriate, when conducting program 
activities. 
(14) Ensure adequate data management, ac-
cess, and archive processes are in place to ensure 
data and metadata are findable, accessible, inter-
operable, and usable by the science community and 
public. 
(c) UPDATES.—The Administrator of NOAA shall re-
vise and update, as necessary, the goals of the program 
at least once every two years. Such revisions and updates 
shall be incorporated into relevant NOAA strategic imple-
mentation plans as determined appropriate by the Admin-
istrator. 
(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration to carry out this section the 
following: 
(1) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
(2) $15,040,000 for fiscal year 2027. 
(3) $15,080,800 for fiscal year 2028. 
(4) $15,122,416 for fiscal year 2029. 
(5) $15,200,000 for fiscal year 2030. 
Æ 
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