I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 5484 
To reauthorize the National Flood Insurance Program, and for other 
purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
SEPTEMBER 18, 2025 
Mr. PALLONE (for himself and Mr. HIGGINS of Louisiana) introduced the fol-
lowing bill; which was referred to the Committee on Financial Services, 
and in addition to the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure, 
and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the 
Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within 
the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To reauthorize the National Flood Insurance Program, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘National Flood Insur-
ance Program Reauthorization and Reform Act of 2025’’. 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title. 
Sec. 2. Table of contents. 
Sec. 3. Definitions. 
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TITLE I—REAUTHORIZATION AND AFFORDABILITY 
Sec. 101. Reauthorization. 
Sec. 102. Cap on annual premium increases. 
Sec. 103. Targeted means-tested assistance. 
Sec. 104. Optional monthly installment premium payment plans. 
Sec. 105. Study on business interruption coverage. 
Sec. 106. Cooperative coverage fairness. 
Sec. 107. Coverage limits. 
Sec. 108. Study on participation rates. 
Sec. 109. National Flood Insurance Act definitions regarding the Write Your 
Own Program. 
TITLE II—MITIGATION AND MAPPING 
Sec. 201. Mitigation for high-risk properties. 
Sec. 202. Increased cost of compliance coverage. 
Sec. 203. Flood mitigation assistance grants. 
Sec. 204. Urban mitigation opportunities. 
Sec. 205. Community Rating System Regional Coordinator. 
Sec. 206. Mitigation loan program. 
Sec. 207. Revolving loan funds. 
Sec. 208. Mapping modernization. 
Sec. 209. Appeals. 
Sec. 210. Levee-protected areas. 
Sec. 211. Community-wide flood mitigation activities. 
Sec. 212. Premium calculator. 
Sec. 213. Consideration of mitigation projects in flood insurance premium 
rates. 
TITLE III—SOLVENCY 
Sec. 301. Forbearance on NFIP interest payments. 
Sec. 302. Cap on Write Your Own company compensation. 
Sec. 303. Third-party service provider costs; transparency. 
Sec. 304. Availability of NFIP claims data. 
Sec. 305. Refusal of mitigation assistance. 
Sec. 306. Multiple structure mitigation. 
TITLE IV—POLICYHOLDER PROTECTION AND FAIRNESS 
Sec. 401. Earth movement fix and engineer standards. 
Sec. 402. Coverage of pre-FIRM condominium basements and study on street 
raising. 
Sec. 403. Guidance on remediation and policyholder duties. 
Sec. 404. Appeal of decisions relating to flood insurance coverage. 
Sec. 405. Accountability for underpayments and overpayments by Write Your 
Own companies. 
Sec. 406. Policyholders’ right to know. 
Sec. 407. Termination of certain contracts under the National Flood Insurance 
Program. 
Sec. 408. Deadline for claim processing. 
Sec. 409. No manipulation of engineer reports. 
Sec. 410. Improved training of floodplain managers, agents, and adjusters. 
Sec. 411. Flood insurance continuing education and training. 
Sec. 412. Shifting of attorney fees and other expenses. 
Sec. 413. DOJ defense against policyholder lawsuits. 
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Sec. 414. Reforming use of proof of loss forms. 
Sec. 415. Agent Advisory Council. 
Sec. 416. Disclosure of flood risk information prior to transfer of property. 
Sec. 417. Grace period for renewal of coverage at renewal offer rate. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term ‘‘Adminis-
trator’’ means the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency. 
(2) NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM.— 
The term ‘‘National Flood Insurance Program’’ 
means the program established under the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et 
seq.). 
(3) NATIONAL FLOOD MITIGATION FUND.—The 
term ‘‘National Flood Mitigation Fund’’ means the 
fund established under section 1367 of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104d). 
(4) WRITE
YOUR
OWN
COMPANY.—The term 
‘‘Write Your Own Company’’ has the meaning given 
the term in section 1370(a) of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4121(a)), as 
amended by section 109 of this Act. 
TITLE I—REAUTHORIZATION 
AND AFFORDABILITY 
SEC. 101. REAUTHORIZATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
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(1) FINANCING.—Section 1309(a) of the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4016(a)) is amended by striking ‘‘September 30, 
2023’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’. 
(2) PROGRAM
EXPIRATION.—Section 1319 of 
the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4026) is amended by striking ‘‘September 
30, 2023’’ and inserting ‘‘September 30, 2030’’. 
(3) RETROACTIVE
EFFECTIVE
DATE.—If this 
Act is enacted after September 30, 2025, the 
amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) shall 
take effect as if enacted on September 30, 2025. 
(b) CONTINUED OPERATION DURING LAPSE OF AP-
PROPRIATIONS.—Section 1310(f) of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4017(f)) is amended— 
(1) by inserting ‘‘(1)’’ after ‘‘(f)’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2)(A) In this paragraph, the term ‘period of a lapse 
in appropriations from the Fund’ means a period, on or 
after the first day of a fiscal year, during which an appro-
priation Act for the fiscal year with respect to the Fund 
has not been enacted and continuing appropriations are 
not in effect for the fiscal year with respect to the Fund. 
‘‘(B) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), during a period 
of a lapse in appropriations from the Fund, amounts in 
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the Fund not otherwise appropriated shall be available to 
the Administrator to carry out the flood insurance pro-
gram under this title, subject to the same terms and condi-
tions (except with respect to the period of availability), 
and in an amount not greater than the rate for operations, 
provided for the Fund in the most recently enacted regular 
or continuing appropriation Act. 
‘‘(C) Amounts in the Fund shall be available under 
subparagraph (B) for a fiscal year during the period be-
ginning on the first day of a period of a lapse in appropria-
tions from the Fund during the fiscal year and ending on 
the date on which the regular appropriation Act for the 
fiscal year with respect to the Fund is enacted (whether 
or not such law makes amounts available from the Fund) 
or a law making continuing appropriations with respect 
to the Fund is enacted, as the case may be. 
‘‘(D) Expenditures and obligations made under this 
paragraph shall be charged to the amounts made available 
from the Fund under the regular appropriation Act, or 
law making continuing appropriations, with respect to the 
Fund that is enacted for the applicable fiscal year.’’. 
SEC. 102. CAP ON ANNUAL PREMIUM INCREASES. 
(a) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘covered 
cost’’— 
(1) means— 
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(A) the amount of an annual premium 
with respect to any policy for flood insurance 
under the National Flood Insurance Program; 
(B) any surcharge imposed with respect to 
a policy described in subparagraph (A) (other 
than a surcharge imposed under section 
1304(b) of the National Flood Insurance Act of 
1968 (42 U.S.C. 4011(b))), including a sur-
charge imposed under section 1308A(a) of that 
Act (42 U.S.C. 4015a(a)), as amended by this 
Act; and 
(C) a fee described in paragraph (1)(B)(iii) 
or (2) of section 1307(a) of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4014(a)); 
and 
(2) does not include any cost associated with 
the purchase of insurance under section 1304(b) of 
the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4011(b)), as amended by this Act, including 
any surcharge that relates to insurance purchased 
under such section 1304(b). 
(b) LIMITATION ON INCREASES.— 
(1) LIMITATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—During the 5-year pe-
riod beginning on the date of enactment of this 
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Act, notwithstanding section 1308(e) of the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4015(e)), as amended by this Act, and subject 
to subparagraph (B), the Administrator may 
not, in any year, increase the amount of any 
covered cost by an amount that is more than 9 
percent, as compared with the amount of the 
covered cost during the previous year, except 
where the increase in the covered cost relates to 
an exception under paragraph (1)(C)(iii) of 
such section 1308(e). 
(B) DECREASE OF AMOUNT OF DEDUCT-
IBLE
OR
INCREASE
IN
AMOUNT
OF
COV-
ERAGE.—In the case of a policyholder described 
in section 1308(e)(1)(C)(ii) of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4015(e)(1)(C)(ii)), as amended by this Act, the 
Administrator shall establish a process by which 
the Administrator determines an increase in 
covered costs for the policyholder that is— 
(i) proportional to the relative change 
in risk based on the action taken by the 
policyholder; and 
(ii) in compliance with subparagraph 
(A). 
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(d) AVERAGE HISTORICAL LOSS YEAR.—Section 
1308 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4015) is amended by striking subsection (h) and 
inserting the following: 
‘‘(h) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—For purposes of this 
section, the calculation of an ‘average historical loss year’ 
shall be computed in accordance with generally accepted 
actuarial principles.’’. 
(e) DISCLOSURE WITH RESPECT TO THE AFFORD-
ABILITY STANDARD.—Section 1308(j) of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4015(j)) is 
amended, in the second sentence, by inserting ‘‘and shall 
include in the report the number of those exceptions as 
of the date on which the Administrator submits the report 
and the location of each policyholder insured under those 
exceptions, organized by county and State’’ after ‘‘of the 
Senate’’. 
SEC. 103. TARGETED MEANS-TESTED ASSISTANCE. 
(a) MEANS-TESTED PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Chapter I of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4011 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1308A 
(42 U.S.C. 4015a) the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1308B. FLOOD INSURANCE ASSISTANCE. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
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‘‘(1) COVERED PROPERTY.—The term ‘covered 
property’ means— 
‘‘(A) a primary residential dwelling de-
signed for the occupancy of from 1 to 4 fami-
lies; or 
‘‘(B) personal property relating to a dwell-
ing described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE POLICYHOLDER.—The term ‘eli-
gible policyholder’ means a policyholder with a 
household income that is not more than 140 percent 
of the area median income for the area in which the 
property to which the policy applies is located. 
‘‘(3) HOUSING EXPENSES.—The term ‘housing 
expenses’ means, with respect to a household, the 
total amount that the household spends in a year 
on— 
‘‘(A) mortgage payments or rent; 
‘‘(B) property taxes; 
‘‘(C) homeowners insurance; and 
‘‘(D) premiums for flood insurance under 
the national flood insurance program. 
‘‘(4) INSURANCE COSTS.—The term ‘insurance 
costs’ means, with respect to a covered property for 
a year— 
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‘‘(A) risk premiums and fees estimated 
under section 1307 and charged under section 
1308; 
‘‘(B) surcharges assessed under sections 
1304 and 1308A; and 
‘‘(C) any amount established under section 
1310A(c). 
‘‘(b) AUTHORITY.—Subject to the availability of ap-
propriations, the Administrator is authorized to carry out 
a means-tested program under which the Administrator 
provides assistance to eligible policyholders in the form of 
graduated discounts for insurance costs with respect to 
covered properties. 
‘‘(c) ELIGIBILITY.—To determine eligibility for 
means-tested assistance under this section, the Adminis-
trator may accept any of the following with respect to an 
eligible policyholder: 
‘‘(1) Income verification from the National Di-
rectory of New Hires established under section 
453(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 653(i)). 
‘‘(2) A self-certification of eligibility by the eli-
gible policyholder that is provided under penalty of 
perjury pursuant to section 1746 of title 28, United 
States Code. 
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‘‘(3) Any other method identified by the Admin-
istrator in interim guidance, or a final rule, issued 
under subsection (e). 
‘‘(d) DISCOUNT.—The Administrator may establish 
graduated discounts available to eligible policyholders 
under this section, which shall be based on the following 
factors: 
‘‘(1) The percentage by which the household in-
come of an eligible policyholder is equal to, or less 
than, 120 percent of the area median income for the 
area in which the property to which the policy ap-
plies is located. 
‘‘(2) The housing expenses of an eligible policy-
holder. 
‘‘(3) The number of eligible policyholders par-
ticipating in the program established under this sec-
tion. 
‘‘(4) The availability of funding. 
‘‘(5) Any other factor that the Administrator 
finds reasonable and necessary to carry out the pur-
poses of this section. 
‘‘(e) IMPLEMENTATION.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
issue final rules to implement this section. 
‘‘(2) INTERIM GUIDANCE.— 
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‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this section, the 
Administrator shall issue interim guidance to 
implement this section, which shall— 
‘‘(i) include— 
‘‘(I) a description of how the Ad-
ministrator will determine— 
‘‘(aa) eligibility for house-
holds to participate in the pro-
gram established under this sec-
tion; and 
‘‘(bb) assistance levels for el-
igible households to which assist-
ance is provided under this sec-
tion; 
‘‘(II) the methodology that the 
Administrator will use to determine 
the amount of assistance provided to 
eligible households under this section; 
and 
‘‘(III) any requirements to which 
eligible policyholders to which assist-
ance is provided under this section 
will be subject; and 
‘‘(ii) expire on the later of— 
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‘‘(I) the date that is 84 months 
after the date of enactment of this 
section; or 
‘‘(II) the date on which the final 
rules issued under paragraph (1) take 
effect. 
‘‘(B) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing 
in subparagraph (A) may be construed to pre-
clude the Administrator from amending the in-
terim guidance issued under that subparagraph. 
‘‘(f) COLLECTION
OF
DEMOGRAPHIC
INFORMA-
TION.—The Administrator, in order to evaluate and mon-
itor the effectiveness of this section, and to comply with 
the reporting requirements under subsection (g), may re-
quest demographic information, and other information, 
with respect to an eligible policyholder to which assistance 
is provided under this section, which may include— 
‘‘(1) the income of the eligible policyholder, as 
compared with the area median income for the area 
in which the property to which the policy applies is 
located; and 
‘‘(2) demographic characteristics of the eligible 
policyholder, including the race and ethnicity of the 
eligible policyholder. 
‘‘(g) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.— 
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‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this section, and bien-
nially thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to 
Congress a report regarding the implementation and 
effectiveness of this section. 
‘‘(2) CONTENTS.—Each report submitted under 
paragraph (1) shall include information regarding, 
for the period covered by the report— 
‘‘(A) the distribution of household area 
median income for eligible policyholders to 
which assistance is provided under this section; 
‘‘(B) the number of eligible policyholders 
to which assistance is provided under this sec-
tion, which shall be disaggregated by income 
and demographic characteristics; 
‘‘(C) the cost of providing assistance under 
this section; and 
‘‘(D) the average amount of assistance 
provided to an eligible policyholder under this 
section, which shall be disaggregated as de-
scribed in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(h) RISK COMMUNICATION.—For the purposes of 
the communication required under section 1308(l), the 
Administrator shall provide to an eligible policyholder to 
which assistance is provided under this section a full flood 
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risk determination with respect to the property of the eligi-
ble policyholder, which shall reflect the insurance costs 
with respect to the property before that assistance is pro-
vided. 
‘‘(i) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
There is authorized to be appropriated to the Ad-
ministrator to carry out this section— 
‘‘(A) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(B) $340,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
‘‘(C) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; 
‘‘(D) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; 
and 
‘‘(E) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2028. 
‘‘(2) NOTIFICATION.—If, in a fiscal year, the 
Administrator determines that the amount made 
available to carry out this section is insufficient to 
provide assistance under this section, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to Congress a notification of the 
remaining amounts necessary to provide that assist-
ance for that fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) DISTRIBUTION
OF
PREMIUM.—With re-
spect to the amount of the discounts provided under 
this section in a fiscal year, and any administrative 
expenses incurred in carrying out this section for 
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that fiscal year, the Administrator shall, from 
amounts made available to carry out this section for 
that fiscal year, deposit in the National Flood Insur-
ance Fund established under section 1310 an 
amount equal to those discounts and administrative 
expenses, except to the extent that section 1310A 
applies to any portion of those discounts or adminis-
trative expenses, in which case the Administrator 
shall deposit an amount equal to those amounts to 
which section 1310A applies in the National Flood 
Insurance Reserve Fund established under section 
1310A.’’. 
(2) USE
OF
SAVINGS.—In addition to any 
amounts made available to the Administrator to 
carry out section 1308B of the National Flood In-
surance Act of 1968, as added by paragraph (1), the 
Administrator shall use any amounts saved as a di-
rect result of the amendments made by section 
302(a) of this Act to carry out such section 1308B. 
(b) NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE ACT OF 1968.— 
The National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4001 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) in section 1308(e) (42 U.S.C. 4015(e))— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
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(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘or’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (C)(iii), by add-
ing ‘‘or’’ at the end; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) in the case of a property with respect 
to which assistance is provided under section 
1308B, if— 
‘‘(i) the applicable policyholder is no 
longer eligible to receive assistance under 
that section; 
‘‘(ii) the assistance so provided has 
been decreased under that section; or 
‘‘(iii) the Administrator is not author-
ized, or lacks appropriated funds, to carry 
out that section;’’; and 
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘period; 
and’’ and inserting the following: ‘‘period, ex-
cept in the case of a property with respect to 
which assistance is provided under section 
1308B if a condition described in clause (i), 
(ii), or (iii) of paragraph (1)(D) is applicable; 
and’’; and 
(2) in section 1366(d) (42 U.S.C. 4104c(d))— 
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(A) by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
paragraph (4); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the 
following: 
‘‘(3) FLOOD INSURANCE ASSISTANCE.—In the 
case of mitigation activities to structures insured by 
policyholders that are eligible for assistance under 
section 1308B, in an amount up to 100 percent of 
all eligible costs.’’. 
(c) INFORMATION COMPARISONS WITH
THE NA-
TIONAL DIRECTORY OF NEW HIRES FOR FLOOD INSUR-
ANCE
ASSISTANCE
INCOME
VERIFICATION.—Section 
453(j) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 653(j)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(12) INFORMATION COMPARISONS FOR FLOOD 
INSURANCE ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(A) FURNISHING
OF
INFORMATION
BY 
FEMA.—The Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency (in this para-
graph, referred to as the ‘Administrator’) shall 
furnish to the Secretary, on such periodic basis 
as determined by the Administrator in consulta-
tion with the Secretary, information in the cus-
tody of the Administrator for comparison with 
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information in the National Directory of New 
Hires, in order to obtain information in such 
Directory with respect to individuals who are 
applying for, or receiving benefits under, section 
1308B of the National Flood Insurance Act of 
1968. 
‘‘(B) REQUIREMENT
TO
SEEK
MINIMUM 
INFORMATION.—The Administrator shall seek 
information pursuant to this paragraph only to 
the extent necessary to verify the employment 
and income of individuals described in subpara-
graph (A). 
‘‘(C) DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY.— 
‘‘(i) INFORMATION DISCLOSURE.—The 
Secretary, in cooperation with the Admin-
istrator, shall compare information in the 
National Directory of New Hires with in-
formation provided by the Administrator 
with respect to individuals described in 
subparagraph (A), and shall disclose infor-
mation in such Directory regarding such 
individuals to the Administrator, in accord-
ance with this paragraph, for the purposes 
specified in this paragraph. 
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‘‘(ii) CONDITION
ON
DISCLOSURE.— 
The Secretary shall make disclosures in ac-
cordance with clause (i) only to the extent 
that the Secretary determines that such 
disclosures do not interfere with the effec-
tive operation of the program under this 
part. 
‘‘(D) USE OF INFORMATION BY FEMA.— 
The Administrator may use information result-
ing from a data match pursuant to this para-
graph only— 
‘‘(i) for the purpose of verifying the 
employment and income of individuals de-
scribed in subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) after removal of personal identi-
fiers, to conduct analyses of the employ-
ment and income reporting of individuals 
described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(E) DISCLOSURE
OF
INFORMATION
BY 
FEMA.— 
‘‘(i) PURPOSE OF DISCLOSURE.—The 
Administrator may make a disclosure 
under this subparagraph only for the pur-
pose of verifying the employment and in-
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come of individuals described in subpara-
graph (A). 
‘‘(ii) 
DISCLOSURES
PERMITTED.— 
Subject to clause (iii), the Administrator 
may disclose information resulting from a 
data match pursuant to this paragraph 
only to contractors of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency, private insur-
ance companies participating in the Write 
Your Own Program of the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency, the Inspector 
General of the Department of Homeland 
Security, and the Attorney General, in con-
nection with the administration of a pro-
gram described in subparagraph (A). In-
formation obtained by the Administrator 
pursuant to this paragraph shall not be 
made available under section 552 of title 5, 
United States Code. 
‘‘(iii) CONDITIONS ON DISCLOSURE.— 
Disclosures under this paragraph shall 
be— 
‘‘(I) made in accordance with 
data security and control policies es-
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tablished by the Administrator and 
approved by the Secretary; 
‘‘(II) subject to audit in a man-
ner satisfactory to the Secretary; and 
‘‘(III) subject to the sanctions 
under subsection (l)(2). 
‘‘(iv) RESTRICTIONS
ON
REDISCLO-
SURE.—A person or entity to which infor-
mation is disclosed under this subpara-
graph may use or disclose such informa-
tion only as needed for verifying the em-
ployment and income of individuals de-
scribed in subparagraph (A), subject to the 
conditions in clause (iii) and such addi-
tional conditions as agreed to by the Sec-
retary and the Administrator. 
‘‘(F) REIMBURSEMENT OF HHS COSTS.— 
The Administrator shall reimburse the Sec-
retary, in accordance with subsection (k)(3), for 
the costs incurred by the Secretary in fur-
nishing the information requested under this 
paragraph. 
‘‘(G) CONSENT.—The Administrator shall 
not seek, use, or disclose information under this 
paragraph relating to an individual without the 
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prior written consent of such individual (or of 
a person legally authorized to consent on behalf 
of such individual).’’. 
SEC. 104. OPTIONAL MONTHLY INSTALLMENT PREMIUM 
PAYMENT PLANS. 
Section 1308(g) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4015(g)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘With respect to’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(1) ANNUAL OR MONTHLY OPTION.—Subject 
to paragraph (2), with respect to’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) MONTHLY
INSTALLMENT.—With respect 
to a policyholder that opts under paragraph (1) to 
pay premiums on a monthly basis, the Administrator 
may charge the policyholder an annual fee of not 
more than $15. 
‘‘(3) EXEMPTION FROM RULE MAKING; PILOT 
PROGRAM.—During the period beginning on the date 
of enactment of this paragraph and ending on the 
date on which the Administrator promulgates regu-
lations carrying out paragraph (1), the Adminis-
trator may, notwithstanding any other provision of 
law— 
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‘‘(A) adopt policies and procedures to carry 
out that paragraph without— 
‘‘(i) undergoing notice and comment 
rule making under section 553 of title 5, 
United States Code; or 
‘‘(ii) conducting regulatory analyses 
otherwise required by statute, regulation, 
or Executive order; or 
‘‘(B) carry out that paragraph by estab-
lishing a pilot program that gradually imple-
ments the requirements of that paragraph.’’. 
SEC. 105. STUDY ON BUSINESS INTERRUPTION COVERAGE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall conduct 
a study on the feasibility and soundness of offering cov-
erage under the National Flood Insurance Program for 
interruption business losses caused by a flood (referred to 
in this section as ‘‘business interruption coverage’’). 
(b) CONTENTS.—In conducting the study under sub-
section (a), the Administrator shall, at a minimum— 
(1) evaluate insurance industry best practices 
for offering business interruption coverage, including 
the types of coverage provided and the utilization 
rate; 
(2) estimate the potential risk premium rates 
for business interruption coverage based on the flood 
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risk reflected in the flood insurance rate map or 
other risk metrics in effect at the time of purchase; 
(3) analyze the operational and administrative 
expenses associated with providing business inter-
ruption coverage and adjusting claims; 
(4) identify potential obstacles that may prevent 
the Administrator from offering business interrup-
tion coverage; 
(5) evaluate the benefits of providing business 
interruption coverage; 
(6) analyze any potential impacts on the finan-
cial position of the National Flood Insurance Pro-
gram; and 
(7) develop a feasibility implementation plan 
and projected timelines for offering business inter-
ruption coverage. 
(c) AVAILABILITY OF EXPERTS.—In conducting the 
study under subsection (a), the Administrator may accept 
and utilize the personnel and services of any other Federal 
agency, and appoint and fix the compensation of tem-
porary personnel without regard to the provisions of title 
5, United States Code, governing appointments in the 
competitive service, or employ experts and consultants in 
accordance with the provisions of section 3109 of such 
title, without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and 
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subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classi-
fication and General Schedule pay rates. 
(d) DEADLINE.—The Administrator shall complete 
the study required under subsection (a) not later than 
September 30 of the second full fiscal year after the date 
of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 106. COOPERATIVE COVERAGE FAIRNESS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1306 of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4013) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(e) COOPERATIVES.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 
‘cooperative building’ has the meaning given the 
term in section 1312(d). 
‘‘(2) EQUAL
TREATMENT
WITH
CONDOMIN-
IUMS.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
an owner of a share of a cooperative building shall 
be eligible to purchase flood insurance coverage 
under the national flood insurance program on the 
same terms as a condominium owner.’’. 
(b) PAYMENT OF CLAIMS.—Section 1312 of the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4019) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)— 
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(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 
‘‘AND COOPERATIVE’’ after ‘‘CONDOMINIUM’’; 
(B) by inserting ‘‘, or owners of a share of 
a cooperative building,’’ after ‘‘condominium 
owners’’; and 
(C) by inserting ‘‘or cooperative associa-
tion’’ after ‘‘condominium association’’ each 
place that term appears; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(k) DEFINITIONS.—In this section, the terms ‘coop-
erative association’ and ‘cooperative building’ have the 
meanings given the terms by the Administrator.’’. 
SEC. 107. COVERAGE LIMITS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1306 of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4013), as amend-
ed by section 106(a), is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
by striking ‘‘In addition to any other terms and 
conditions under subsection (a), such regula-
tions’’ and inserting ‘‘The Administrator’’; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘shall be made’’ and 
inserting ‘‘may be made’’; and 
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(ii) by striking ‘‘$250,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘the baseline amount’’; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘shall be made’’ and 
inserting ‘‘may be made’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$100,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘50 percent of the baseline 
amount’’; and 
(D) in paragraph (4)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘shall be made’’ each 
place that term appears and inserting 
‘‘may be made’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$500,000’’ each place 
that term appears and inserting ‘‘200 per-
cent of the baseline amount’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(f) DEFINITION.—Subject to paragraph (2), in this 
section, the term ‘baseline amount’ means an amount de-
termined by the Administrator that is equal to the max-
imum original principal obligation of a conventional mort-
gage secured by a single-family residence that may be pur-
chased by the Federal National Mortgage Association, as 
established under the seventh sentence of section 
302(b)(2) of the Federal National Mortgage Association 
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Charter Act (12 U.S.C. 1717(b)(2)), which the Adminis-
trator may not— 
‘‘(1) increase more than once every 5 years; 
‘‘(2) increase with respect to any particular 
property pursuant to the 11th or 12th sentence of 
such section 302(b)(2); or 
‘‘(3) decrease.’’. 
(b) AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATOR TO SELL POLI-
CIES.—The Administrator may sell a policy for flood in-
surance under the National Flood Insurance Program that 
meets the requirements of paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) 
of section 1306(b) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4013(b)), as amended by subsection 
(a), without regard to— 
(1) section 61.6 of title 44, Code of Federal 
Regulations, as in effect on the day before the date 
of enactment of this Act; or 
(2) any other provision of law. 
SEC. 108. STUDY ON PARTICIPATION RATES. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘500-year floodplain’’ has the 
meaning given the term in section 100202(a) of the 
Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 
2012 (40 U.S.C. 4004(a)); 
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(2) the terms ‘‘Federal agency lender’’, ‘‘im-
proved real estate’’, and ‘‘regulated lending institu-
tion’’ have the meanings given those terms in section 
3(a) of the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 
(42 U.S.C. 4003(a)); and 
(3) the term ‘‘property with a Federally backed 
mortgage’’ means improved real estate or a mobile 
home securing a loan that was— 
(A) made by a regulated lending institu-
tion or Federal agency lender; or 
(B) purchased by the Federal National 
Mortgage Association or the Federal Home 
Loan Mortgage Corporation. 
(b) STUDY.—The Comptroller General of the United 
States shall conduct a study that proposes to address, 
through programmatic and regulatory changes, how to in-
crease the rate at which properties in the United States 
are covered by flood insurance. 
(c) CONSIDERATIONS.—In conducting the study re-
quired under subsection (b), the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall— 
(1) consider— 
(A) expanding participation in the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Program beyond areas 
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having special flood hazards to areas of mod-
erate or minimum risk with respect to flooding; 
(B) automatically enrolling consumers in 
the National Flood Insurance Program and 
providing those consumers with the opportunity 
to decline such enrollment; and 
(C) bundling flood insurance coverage that 
diversifies risk across all or multiple forms of 
peril; 
(2) determine— 
(A) the percentage of properties with Fed-
erally backed mortgages located in an area hav-
ing special flood hazards that are covered by 
flood insurance that satisfies the requirement 
under section 102(b) of the Flood Disaster Pro-
tection Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4012a(b)); and 
(B) the percentage of properties with Fed-
erally backed mortgages located in the 500-year 
floodplain that are covered by flood insurance 
that would satisfy the requirement described in 
subparagraph (A) if that requirement applied to 
such properties; and 
(3) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the 
economic and social impacts of implementing Risk 
Rating 2.0 (or any substantially similar method-
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ology) during the 20-year period beginning in the 
year in which the assessment is made, which shall 
include an evaluation of the effect that such imple-
mentation will have, during that 20-year period, 
on— 
(A) the affordability and availability of 
flood insurance under the National Flood Insur-
ance Program; 
(B) property values; 
(C) the amount of Federal disaster aid for 
properties that are not covered by flood insur-
ance, whether under the National Flood Insur-
ance Program or otherwise; and 
(D) non-Federal Government revenues. 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall submit to the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and 
the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report regarding the results of the study 
conducted under subsection (b). 
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SEC. 109. NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE ACT DEFINITIONS 
REGARDING THE WRITE YOUR OWN PRO-
GRAM. 
Section 1370(a) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4121(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (14), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the 
end; 
(2) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(16) the term ‘Write Your Own Program’ 
means the program under which the Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency enters into a standard 
arrangement with private property insurance compa-
nies to— 
‘‘(A) sell contracts for Federal flood insur-
ance under their own business lines of insur-
ance; and 
‘‘(B) adjust and pay claims arising under 
the contracts described in subparagraph (A); 
and 
‘‘(17) the term ‘Write Your Own Company’ 
means a private property insurance company that 
participates in the Write Your Own Program.’’. 
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TITLE II—MITIGATION AND 
MAPPING 
SEC. 201. MITIGATION FOR HIGH-RISK PROPERTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 203 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(n) FLOOD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.—The Presi-
dent shall set aside from the Disaster Relief Fund an 
amount equal to 10 percent of the average amount appro-
priated to the Fund during the preceding 10 fiscal years 
to provide assistance for mitigation activities under section 
1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4104c) for— 
‘‘(1) severe repetitive loss structures; and 
‘‘(2) properties insured under the national flood 
insurance program with the largest increase in the 
actuarial risk for the property compared to the actu-
arial risk for the previous fiscal year as a result of 
Risk Rating 2.0, as in effect on October 1, 2021.’’. 
(b) APPLICABILITY.—The amendment made to sec-
tion 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) by subsection 
(a) shall apply to funds appropriated on or after the date 
of enactment of this Act. 
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(c) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.— 
Effective on October 5, 2025, section 203 of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by redesignating subsection 
(n), as added by subsection (a) of this section, as sub-
section (m). 
SEC. 202. INCREASED COST OF COMPLIANCE COVERAGE. 
Section 1304(b) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4011(b)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (4), by redesignating subpara-
graphs (A) through (D) as clauses (i) through (iv), 
respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through 
(3) as subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively, 
and adjusting the margins accordingly; 
(3) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated, by 
striking the period at the end and inserting a semi-
colon; 
(4) by redesignating paragraph (4) as subpara-
graph (F), and adjusting the margins accordingly; 
(5) by inserting after subparagraph (C), as so 
redesignated, the following: 
‘‘(D) properties identified by the Adminis-
trator as priorities for mitigation activities be-
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fore the occurrence of damage to or loss of 
property which is covered by flood insurance; 
‘‘(E) properties outside an area having 
special flood hazards if the communities in 
which the properties are located have, under 
section 1361, established land use and control 
measures for the areas in which the properties 
are located; and’’; 
(6) by inserting before ‘‘The national flood in-
surance program’’ the following: ‘‘(1) IN
GEN-
ERAL.—’’; 
(7) in the flush text following subparagraph 
(F)(iv), as so redesignated, by striking ‘‘The Admin-
istrator’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(2) PREMIUM.—The Administrator’’; and 
(8) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(3) AMOUNT OF COVERAGE.—Each policy for flood 
insurance coverage made available under this title shall 
provide coverage under this subsection having an aggre-
gate liability for any single property of $120,000. 
‘‘(4) ELIGIBLE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Eligible mitigation meth-
ods the cost of which is covered by coverage provided 
under this subsection shall include— 
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‘‘(i) alternative methods of mitigation iden-
tified in the guidelines issued pursuant to sec-
tion 1361(d); 
‘‘(ii) pre-disaster mitigation projects for el-
igible structures; and 
‘‘(iii) costs associated with the purchase, 
clearing, and stabilization of property that is 
part of an acquisition or relocation project that 
complies with subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(B) ACQUISITION AND RELOCATION PROJECT 
ELIGIBILITY AND REQUIREMENTS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—An acquisition or relo-
cation project shall be eligible to receive assist-
ance pursuant to subparagraph (A)(iii) only 
if— 
‘‘(I) any property acquired, accepted, 
or from which a structure will be removed 
shall be dedicated and maintained in per-
petuity for a use that is compatible with 
open space, recreational, or wetland and 
natural floodplain management practices; 
and 
‘‘(II) any new structure erected on 
such property will be— 
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‘‘(aa) a public facility that is 
open on all sides and functionally re-
lated to a designated open space; 
‘‘(bb) a restroom; or 
‘‘(cc) a structure that the Admin-
istrator approves in writing before the 
commencement of the construction of 
the structure. 
‘‘(ii) FURTHER ASSISTANCE.—If an acqui-
sition or relocation project is assisted pursuant 
to subparagraph (A)(iii)— 
‘‘(I) no person may apply to a Federal 
entity for disaster assistance with regard 
to any property acquired, accepted, or 
from which a structure was removed as 
part of such acquisition or relocation 
project; and 
‘‘(II) no Federal entity may provide 
disaster assistance for such property. 
‘‘(iii) REQUIREMENT TO MAINTAIN FLOOD 
INSURANCE COVERAGE.— 
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, any assisted 
structure shall, at all times, maintain in-
surance against flood damage, in accord-
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ance with Federal law, for the life of such 
structure. 
‘‘(II) TRANSFER OF PROPERTY.— 
‘‘(aa) DUTY TO NOTIFY.—If any 
part of a property on which an as-
sisted structure is located is trans-
ferred, the transferor shall, not later 
than the date on which such transfer 
occurs, notify the transferee in writ-
ing, including in all documents evi-
dencing the transfer of ownership of 
the property, that such transferee is 
required to— 
‘‘(AA) obtain flood insur-
ance in accordance with applica-
ble Federal law with respect to 
such assisted structure, if such 
structure is not so insured on the 
date on which the structure is 
transferred; and 
‘‘(BB) maintain flood insur-
ance in accordance with applica-
ble Federal law with respect to 
such structure. 
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‘‘(bb) FAILURE TO NOTIFY.—If a 
transferor fails to make a notification 
in accordance with item (aa) and such 
assisted structure is damaged by a 
flood disaster, the transferor shall pay 
the Federal Government an amount 
equal to the amount of any disaster 
relief provided by the Federal Govern-
ment with respect to such assisted 
structure. 
‘‘(III) 
ASSISTED
STRUCTURE
DE-
FINED.—For the purposes of this clause, 
the term ‘assisted structure’ means a 
structure on property that is part of an ac-
quisition or relocation project assisted pur-
suant to subparagraph (A) that was, as 
part of such acquisition or relocation 
project— 
‘‘(aa) altered; 
‘‘(bb) improved; 
‘‘(cc) replaced; 
‘‘(dd) repaired; or 
‘‘(ee) restored. 
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‘‘(C) ELIGIBLE
STRUCTURE
DEFINED.—For 
purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘eligible struc-
ture’ means any structure that— 
‘‘(i) was constructed in compliance with 
the Flood Insurance Rate Map and local build-
ing and zoning codes in effect on the date of 
construction of the structure; and 
‘‘(ii) has not previously been altered, im-
proved, replaced, or repaired using assistance 
provided under this subsection. 
‘‘(5) TREATMENT
OF
COVERAGE
LIMITS.—Any 
amount of coverage provided for a property pursuant to 
this subsection shall not be considered or counted for pur-
poses of any limitation on coverage applicable to such 
property under section 1306(b) and any claim on such cov-
erage shall not be considered a claim for purposes of sec-
tion 1307(h) or subsection (a)(3) or (h)(3) of section 
1366. 
‘‘(6) IMPLEMENTATION.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Administrator may implement this 
subsection by adopting 1 or more standard endorsements 
to the Standard Flood Insurance Policy by publication of 
such standards in the Federal Register, or by comparable 
means.’’. 
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SEC. 203. FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE GRANTS. 
(a) FLOOD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE GRANT PRO-
GRAM PRIORITY.—Section 1366 of the National Flood In-
surance Act (42 U.S.C. 4104c) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), 
and (3) as subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), re-
spectively, and adjusting the margins accord-
ingly; 
(B) in the second sentence of the matter 
preceding subparagraph (A), as so redesig-
nated, by striking ‘‘assistance shall be’’ and in-
serting the following: ‘‘assistance shall— 
‘‘(1) be’’; 
(C) in paragraph (1)(C), as so redesig-
nated, by striking the period at the end and in-
serting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) in addition to the requirement under para-
graph (1)(C), give priority to properties— 
‘‘(A) that are repetitive loss structures; 
‘‘(B) with respect to which the Adminis-
trator makes a determination that the premium 
rates with respect to a policy for flood insur-
ance coverage under this title— 
‘‘(i) are unaffordable; or 
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‘‘(ii) will soon become unaffordable as 
a result of a risk adjustment under Risk 
Rating 2.0, as in effect on the date of that 
determination; and 
‘‘(C) for which aggregate losses exceed the 
replacement value of the properties.’’; and 
(2) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the 
following: 
‘‘(4) 
UNAFFORDABLE.—The 
term 
‘unaffordable’ means, with respect to the premium 
rates for a policy for flood insurance coverage under 
this title, that, in a year, those rates are in such an 
amount that the housing expenses (as defined in sec-
tion 1308B(a)) of the household that is the subject 
of the policy are, for that year, more than 30 per-
cent of the adjusted gross income (as defined in sec-
tion 62 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).’’. 
(b) ADDITIONAL MITIGATION ASSISTANCE.— 
(1) APPROPRIATIONS FROM GENERAL FUND OF 
TREASURY.—For each of the first 5 full fiscal years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, there is au-
thorized to be appropriated $1,000,000,000 to the 
National Flood Mitigation Fund to provide mitiga-
tion assistance under this subsection. 
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(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The authoriza-
tion of appropriations under subparagraph (A) shall 
not be construed to authorize the transfer or cred-
iting to the National Flood Mitigation Fund of any 
amounts from the National Flood Insurance Fund. 
SEC. 204. URBAN MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES. 
(a) MITIGATION STRATEGIES.—Section 1361(d)(1) 
of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4102(d)(1)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ at 
the end; and 
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(C) with respect to buildings in dense 
urban environments, methods that can be de-
ployed on a block or neighborhood scale; and 
‘‘(D) elevation of mechanical systems; 
and’’. 
(b) MITIGATION CREDIT.—Section 1308(k) of the 
National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4015(k)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘shall take into account’’ and 
inserting ‘‘shall— 
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‘‘(1) take into account’’; 
(2) in paragraph (1), as so designated, by strik-
ing the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) offer a reduction of the risk premium rate 
charged to a policyholder in an amount that is not 
less than 10 percent of that rate if the policyholder 
implements any mitigation method described in 
paragraph (1).’’. 
SEC. 205. COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM REGIONAL COORDI-
NATOR. 
Section 1315(b) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4022(b)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(5) REGIONAL COORDINATOR.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall appoint a regional coordinator in each re-
gion served by a Regional Office (as defined in 
section 501 of the Homeland Security Act of 
2002 (6 U.S.C. 311)) to provide technical as-
sistance to small communities to enable those 
communities to effectively participate in and 
benefit from the community rating system pro-
gram. 
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‘‘(B) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated such sums as may be necessary to carry 
out this paragraph, which shall remain available 
until expended.’’. 
SEC. 206. MITIGATION LOAN PROGRAM. 
(a) DEFINITION.—In this section, the term ‘‘mitiga-
tion measure’’ means, with respect to a structure, a meas-
ure undertaken to reduce the risk of flood damage to the 
structure. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator may es-
tablish a pilot program through which the Administrator 
may provide low-interest loans to policyholders under the 
National Flood Insurance Program for the purposes de-
scribed in subsection (c). 
(c) PURPOSES OF LOANS.—A loan provided to a pol-
icyholder under the pilot program established under sub-
section (b) shall be used to undertake mitigation measures 
with respect to the insured property that cost less than 
the cost of the estimated amount of premiums that would 
be paid with respect to the property during the 50-year 
period beginning in the year in which the loan is made 
and if those mitigation measures were not undertaken. 
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(d) SALE OF PROPERTY.—If a property with respect 
to which a loan has been made under this section is sold, 
upon that sale, the outstanding loan balance shall— 
(1) be repaid using the proceeds of the sale; or 
(2) carry over to the purchaser of the property 
if the purchaser so consents before the execution of 
the sale. 
SEC. 207. REVOLVING LOAN FUNDS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter I of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4011 et seq.) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 1326. STATE OR TRIBAL GOVERNMENT REVOLVING 
LOAN FUNDS FOR FLOOD MITIGATION. 
‘‘(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) COMMUNITY RATING SYSTEM.—The term 
‘Community Rating System’ means the community 
rating system program carried out under section 
1315(b). 
‘‘(2) INTENDED
USE
PLAN.—The term ‘in-
tended use plan’ means a plan prepared under sub-
section (d)(1). 
‘‘(3) LOW-INCOME
GEOGRAPHIC
AREA.—The 
term ‘low-income geographic area’ means an area 
described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 301(a) 
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of the Public Works and Economic Development Act 
of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3161(a)). 
‘‘(4) LOW-INCOME
HOMEOWNER.—The term 
‘low-income homeowner’ means the owner of a pri-
mary residence, the household income of which in a 
taxable year is not more than 80 percent of the me-
dian income for the area in which the residence is 
located. 
‘‘(5) PARTICIPATING ENTITY.—The term ‘par-
ticipating entity’ means a State or Tribal govern-
ment that— 
‘‘(A) has entered into an agreement under 
subsection (b)(1); and 
‘‘(B) agrees to comply with the require-
ments of this section. 
‘‘(6) PRE-FIRM BUILDING.—The term ‘pre- 
FIRM building’ means a building for which con-
struction or substantial improvement occurred before 
the later of— 
‘‘(A) December 31, 1974; or 
‘‘(B) the effective date of the rate map 
published by the Administrator under section 
1360 for the area in which the building is lo-
cated. 
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‘‘(7) STATE
OR
TRIBAL
GOVERNMENT
LOAN 
FUND.—The term ‘State or Tribal government loan 
fund’ means a flood mitigation assistance revolving 
loan fund established by a State or Tribal govern-
ment under this section. 
‘‘(8) TRIBAL GOVERNMENT.—The term ‘Tribal 
government’ means the recognized government of an 
Indian tribe, or the governing body of an Alaska Na-
tive regional or village corporation, that has been de-
termined eligible to receive services from the Bureau 
of Indian Affairs. 
‘‘(b) GENERAL AUTHORITY.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator may 
enter into an agreement with a State or Tribal gov-
ernment to provide a capitalization grant for the 
State or Tribal government to establish a revolving 
fund that will provide funding assistance to help 
homeowners, businesses, nonprofit organizations, 
and communities reduce flood risk in order to de-
crease— 
‘‘(A) the loss of life and property; 
‘‘(B) the cost of flood insurance; and 
‘‘(C) Federal disaster payments. 
‘‘(2) TIMING
OF
DEPOSIT
AND
AGREEMENTS 
FOR DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDS.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—Not later than the 
last day of the fiscal year following the fiscal 
year in which a capitalization grant is made to 
a participating entity under paragraph (1), the 
participating entity shall— 
‘‘(i) deposit the grant in the State or 
Tribal government loan fund of the partici-
pating entity; and 
‘‘(ii) enter into 1 or more binding 
agreements that provide for the partici-
pating entity to distribute the grant funds 
for purposes authorized under subsection 
(c) such that— 
‘‘(I) in the case of the initial 
grant made to a participating entity 
under this section, not less than 75 
percent of the amount of the grant 
shall be distributed before the end of 
the 2-year period beginning on the 
date on which the funds are deposited 
in the State or Tribal government 
loan fund of the participating entity; 
and 
‘‘(II) in the case of any subse-
quent grant made to a participating 
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entity under this section, not less than 
90 percent of the amount of the grant 
shall be distributed before the end of 
the 1-year period beginning on the 
date on which the funds are deposited 
in the State or Tribal government 
loan fund of the participating entity. 
‘‘(B) NONCOMPLIANCE.—Except as pro-
vided in subparagraph (C), if a participating 
entity does not comply with subparagraph (A) 
with respect to a grant, the Administrator shall 
reallocate the grant in accordance with para-
graph (3)(B). 
‘‘(C) 
EXCEPTION.—The 
Administrator 
may not reallocate any funds under subpara-
graph (B) to a participating entity that violated 
subparagraph (A) with respect to a grant made 
during the same fiscal year in which the funds 
to be reallocated were originally made available. 
‘‘(3) ALLOCATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall allocate amounts made available to carry 
out this section to participating entities— 
‘‘(i) for the participating entities to 
deposit in the State or Tribal government 
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loan fund established by the participating 
entity; and 
‘‘(ii) except as provided in paragraph 
(6), in accordance with the requirements 
described in subparagraph (B). 
‘‘(B) REQUIREMENTS.—The requirements 
described in this subparagraph are as follows: 
‘‘(i) Fifty percent of the total amount 
made available under subparagraph (A) 
shall be allocated so that each partici-
pating entity receives the percentage 
amount that is obtained by dividing the 
number of properties that were insured 
under the national flood insurance pro-
gram in that State or Tribal government 
jurisdiction, as applicable, in the fiscal 
year preceding the fiscal year in which the 
amount is allocated by the total number of 
properties that were insured under the na-
tional flood insurance program in the fiscal 
year preceding the fiscal year in which the 
amount is allocated. 
‘‘(ii) Fifty percent of the total amount 
made available under subparagraph (A) 
shall be allocated so that each partici-
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pating entity receives a percentage of 
funds that is equal to the product obtained 
under clause (iii)(IV) with respect to that 
participating entity after following the pro-
cedures described in clause (iii). 
‘‘(iii) The procedures described in this 
clause are as follows: 
‘‘(I) Divide the total amount col-
lected in premiums for properties in-
sured under the national flood insur-
ance program in each participating 
entity during the previous fiscal year 
by the number of properties insured 
under the national flood insurance 
program in that State or Tribal gov-
ernment jurisdiction, as applicable, for 
that fiscal year. 
‘‘(II) Add together each quotient 
obtained under subclause (I). 
‘‘(III) For each participating en-
tity, divide the quotient obtained 
under subclause (I) with respect to 
that State or Tribal government juris-
diction, as applicable, by the sum ob-
tained under subclause (II). 
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‘‘(IV) For each participating en-
tity, multiply the amount that is 50 
percent of the total amount made 
available under subparagraph (A) by 
the quotient obtained under subclause 
(III). 
‘‘(iv) Except as provided in paragraph 
(5), in a fiscal year— 
‘‘(I) a participating entity may 
not receive more than 15 percent of 
the total amount that is made avail-
able under subparagraph (A) in that 
fiscal year; and 
‘‘(II) if a participating entity, 
based on the requirements under 
clauses (i) through (iii), would, but 
for the limitation under subclause (I) 
of this clause, receive an amount that 
is greater than the amount that the 
State or Tribal government jurisdic-
tion, as applicable, is authorized to re-
ceive under that subclause, the dif-
ference 
between 
the 
authorized 
amount and the amount otherwise due 
to the State or Tribal government ju-
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risdiction, as applicable, under clauses 
(i) through (iii) shall be allocated to 
other participating entities— 
‘‘(aa) that, in that fiscal 
year, 
have 
not 
received 
an 
amount under subparagraph (A) 
that is more than the authorized 
amount under subclause (I) of 
this clause; and 
‘‘(bb) by using the require-
ments under clauses (i) through 
(iii), except that a participating 
entity may receive an allocation 
under this subclause only if the 
allocation does not result in the 
State or Tribal government juris-
diction, as applicable, receiving a 
total amount for the fiscal year 
under subparagraph (A) that is 
greater 
than 
the 
authorized 
amount under subclause (I). 
‘‘(4) NO REVOLVING FUND REQUIRED.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of this section, and subject to 
subparagraph (B), a participating entity that 
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receives less than $4,000,000 under paragraph 
(3)(B) in a fiscal year may distribute the funds 
directly in the form of grants or technical as-
sistance for a purpose described in subsection 
(c)(2), without regard to whether the partici-
pating entity has established a State or Tribal 
government loan fund. 
‘‘(B) MATCHING.—A participating entity 
that exercises the authority under subparagraph 
(A) in a fiscal year shall provide matching 
funds from non-Federal sources in an amount 
that is equal to 25 percent of the amount that 
the participating entity receives under para-
graph (3)(B) in that fiscal year for purposes 
described in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(5) ALLOCATION
OF
REMAINING
FUNDS.— 
After allocating amounts made available to carry out 
this section for a fiscal year in accordance with 
paragraph (3), the Administrator shall allocate any 
remaining amounts made available for that fiscal 
year to participating entities, using the procedures 
described in clauses (i) through (iii) of paragraph 
(3)(B). 
‘‘(6) RESERVATION OF FUNDS.—The Adminis-
trator shall reserve not more than 1.5 percent of the 
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amount made available to carry out this section in 
a fiscal year— 
‘‘(A) for administrative costs incurred by 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency in 
carrying out this section; 
‘‘(B) to provide technical assistance to re-
cipients of grants under this section; and 
‘‘(C) to enter into grant agreements with 
insular areas, with the grant funds to be dis-
tributed— 
‘‘(i) according to criteria established 
by the Administrator; and 
‘‘(ii) for a purpose described in sub-
section (c)(2). 
‘‘(c) USE OF FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—Amounts deposited in a 
State or Tribal government loan fund, including re-
payments of loans made from the fund and interest 
earned on the amounts in the fund, shall be used— 
‘‘(A) consistent with paragraph (2) and 
subsection (g), to provide financial assistance 
for— 
‘‘(i) homeowners, businesses, and non-
profit organizations that are eligible to 
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participate in the national flood insurance 
program; and 
‘‘(ii) any local government that par-
ticipates in the national flood insurance 
program; 
‘‘(B) as a source of revenue and security 
for leveraged loans, the proceeds of which shall 
be deposited in the State or Tribal government 
loan fund; or 
‘‘(C) for the sale of bonds as security for 
payment of the principal and interest on rev-
enue or general obligation bonds issued by the 
participating entity to provide matching funds 
under subsection (f), if the proceeds from the 
sale of the bonds are deposited in the State or 
Tribal government loan fund. 
‘‘(2) PURPOSES.—A recipient of financial as-
sistance provided through amounts from a State or 
Tribal government loan fund— 
‘‘(A) shall use the amounts to reduce— 
‘‘(i) flood risk; or 
‘‘(ii) potential claims for losses cov-
ered under the national flood insurance 
program; 
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‘‘(B) shall use the amounts in a cost-effec-
tive manner under requirements established by 
the participating entity, which may require an 
applicant for financial assistance to submit any 
information that the participating entity con-
siders relevant or necessary before the date on 
which the applicant receives the assistance; 
‘‘(C) shall use the amounts for projects 
that— 
‘‘(i) meet design and construction 
standards established by the Adminis-
trator; 
‘‘(ii) are located in communities 
that— 
‘‘(I) participate in the national 
flood insurance program; and 
‘‘(II) have developed a commu-
nity flood risk mitigation plan that 
has been approved by the Adminis-
trator under section 1366; 
‘‘(iii) address— 
‘‘(I) a repetitive loss structure or 
a severe repetitive loss property; or 
‘‘(II) flood risk in the 500-year 
floodplain, areas of residual flood risk, 
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or other areas of potential flood risk, 
as identified by the Administrator; 
and 
‘‘(iv) address current risk and antici-
pate future risk, such as sea-level rise, and 
flood risk resulting from wildfire; 
‘‘(D) may use the amounts— 
‘‘(i) for projects relating to— 
‘‘(I) structural elevation; 
‘‘(II) floodproofing; 
‘‘(III) the relocation or removal 
of buildings from the 100-year flood-
plain or other areas of flood risk, in-
cluding the acquisition of properties 
for such a purpose; 
‘‘(IV) environmental restoration 
activities that directly reduce flood 
risk, including green infrastructure; 
‘‘(V) any eligible activity de-
scribed in subparagraphs (A) through 
(G) of section 1366(c)(3); or 
‘‘(VI) other activities determined 
appropriate by the Administrator; 
‘‘(ii) with respect to a project de-
scribed in clause (i), only for expenditures 
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directly related to a project described in 
that clause, including expenditures for 
planning, design, and associated pre-con-
struction activities; 
‘‘(iii) to acquire, for the purposes of 
permanent protection, land, buildings, or a 
conservation easement from a willing seller 
or grantor, provided that— 
‘‘(I) the use of the land will be 
committed in perpetuity, with assur-
ances from the recipient, that the land 
will only be used for open spaces, rec-
reational use, or wetland management 
practices; and 
‘‘(II) no new structure will be 
erected on the property acquired other 
than— 
‘‘(aa) a public facility that is 
open on all sides and functionally 
related to a designated open 
space; 
‘‘(bb) a restroom; or 
‘‘(cc) a structure that the 
Administrator approves in writ-
ing before the commencement of 
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a construction of the structure; 
and 
‘‘(iv) the recipient may make no sub-
sequent application for disaster assistance 
for any purpose and no such assistance 
will be provided to the applicant from any 
Federal source; 
‘‘(E) may not use the amounts— 
‘‘(i) to construct buildings or expand 
existing buildings, unless the activity is for 
the purpose of flood mitigation; 
‘‘(ii) to improve any structure, unless 
the recipient has obtained flood insurance 
coverage, which shall be maintained for the 
useful life of the structure, in an amount 
that is not less than the lesser of— 
‘‘(I) the eligible project costs with 
respect to the structure; and 
‘‘(II) the maximum insurable 
limit for the structure under the na-
tional flood insurance program cov-
erage for the structure; 
‘‘(iii) to improve a residential property 
with an appraised value that is not less 
than 125 percent of the limitation on the 
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maximum original principal obligation of a 
conventional mortgage that may be pur-
chased by the Federal National Mortgage 
Association or the Federal Home Loan 
Mortgage Corporation in the area in which 
the property is located, as established 
under section 302(b)(2) of the Federal Na-
tional Mortgage Association Charter Act 
(12 
U.S.C. 
1717(b)(2)) 
and 
section 
305(a)(2) of the Federal Home Loan 
Mortgage Corporation Act (12 U.S.C. 
1454(a)(2)); 
‘‘(iv) for the direct benefit of a home-
owner if the annual household adjusted 
gross income of the homeowner during the 
previous fiscal year was not less than 
$200,000, as annually adjusted by the Ad-
ministrator to reflect changes in the Con-
sumer Price Index for All Urban Con-
sumers, as published by the Bureau of 
Labor Statistics of the Department of 
Labor and rounded to the nearest $25; or 
‘‘(v) to acquire real property or an in-
terest in real property unless the property 
is purchased from a willing seller; and 
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‘‘(F) to the maximum extent practicable, 
shall, in using those amounts, give priority to 
projects that assist low-income homeowners and 
low-income geographical areas. 
‘‘(d) INTENDED USE PLANS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—After providing the oppor-
tunity for public review and comment, each partici-
pating entity shall annually prepare a plan that 
identifies, for the year following the date of issuance 
of the intended use plan, the intended uses of the 
amounts available in the State or Tribal government 
loan fund of the participating entity. 
‘‘(2) CONSULTATION DURING PREPARATION.— 
Each participating entity, in preparing an intended 
use plan, shall ensure that the State or Tribal gov-
ernment agency with primary responsibility for 
floodplain management— 
‘‘(A) provides oversight with respect to the 
preparation of the intended use plan; and 
‘‘(B) consults with any other appropriate 
State or Tribal government agency, including 
agencies responsible for coastal and environ-
mental management. 
‘‘(3) CONTENTS.—A participating entity shall, 
in each intended use plan— 
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‘‘(A) include— 
‘‘(i) an explanation of the mitigation 
and resiliency benefits the participating en-
tity intends to achieve, including by— 
‘‘(I) reducing future damage and 
loss associated with flooding; 
‘‘(II) reducing the number of se-
vere repetitive loss properties and re-
petitive loss structures in the State or 
Tribal government jurisdiction, as ap-
plicable; 
‘‘(III) decreasing the number of 
flood insurance claims in the State or 
Tribal government jurisdiction, as ap-
plicable; and 
‘‘(IV) increasing the rating under 
the Community Rating System for 
communities in the State or Tribal 
government jurisdiction, as applicable; 
‘‘(ii) information with respect to the 
availability of, and the application process 
for receiving, financial assistance from the 
State or Tribal government loan fund of 
the participating entity; 
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‘‘(iii) the criteria and methods estab-
lished for the distribution of amounts from 
the State or Tribal government loan fund 
of the participating entity; 
‘‘(iv) the amount of financial assist-
ance that the participating entity antici-
pates providing to— 
‘‘(I) local government projects; 
and 
‘‘(II) projects for homeowners, 
business, or nonprofit organizations; 
‘‘(v) the expected terms of the assist-
ance provided under clause (iv); and 
‘‘(vi) a description of the financial sta-
tus of the State or Tribal government loan 
fund and the short-term and long-term 
goals of the State or Tribal government 
loan fund; and 
‘‘(B) provide, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, that priority for the use of amounts 
from the State or Tribal government loan fund 
shall be given to projects that— 
‘‘(i) address severe repetitive loss 
properties and repetitive loss structures; 
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‘‘(ii) assist low-income homeowners 
and low-income geographic areas; and 
‘‘(iii) address flood risk for pre-FIRM 
buildings. 
‘‘(4) PUBLICATION.—Each participating entity 
shall publish and periodically update a list of all 
projects receiving funding from the State or Tribal 
government loan fund of the participating entity, 
which shall include identification of— 
‘‘(A) the community in which the project is 
located; 
‘‘(B) the type and amount of assistance 
provided for each project; and 
‘‘(C) the expected funding schedule and 
date of completion of each project. 
‘‘(e) FUND MANAGEMENT.—Amounts in a State or 
Tribal government loan fund shall— 
‘‘(1) remain available for providing financial as-
sistance under this section until distributed; 
‘‘(2) if the amounts are not required for imme-
diate distribution or expenditure, be invested in in-
terest-bearing obligations; and 
‘‘(3) except as provided in subsection (i), in-
clude only— 
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‘‘(A) amounts received from capitalization 
grants made under this section; 
‘‘(B) repayments of loans made from the 
fund; and 
‘‘(C) interest earned on amounts in the 
fund. 
‘‘(f) MATCHING FUNDS.— 
‘‘(1) FULL GRANT.—On or before the date on 
which a participating entity receives a capitalization 
grant, the participating shall deposit into the State 
or Tribal government loan fund of the participating 
entity, in addition to the amount of the capitaliza-
tion grant, an amount from non-Federal sources 
that is not less than 20 percent of the total amount 
of the capitalization grant. 
‘‘(2) REDUCED GRANT.—If, with respect to a 
capitalization grant, a participating entity deposits 
in the State or Tribal government loan fund of the 
participating entity an amount from non-Federal 
sources that is less than 20 percent of the total 
amount of the capitalization grant that the partici-
pating entity would otherwise receive, the Adminis-
trator shall— 
‘‘(A) reduce the amount of the capitaliza-
tion grant received by the participating entity 
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to the amount that is 5 times the amount so 
deposited; and 
‘‘(B) in accordance with subsection (b)(5), 
allocate the difference between the amount that 
the participating entity would have received if 
the participating entity had complied with para-
graph (1) and the amount of the reduced grant 
that the participating entity receives under sub-
paragraph (A). 
‘‘(g) TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.—Unless otherwise pro-
hibited by law of a participating entity, the participating 
entity may use the amounts deposited into a State or Trib-
al government loan fund under this section only— 
‘‘(1) to make a loan, on the condition that— 
‘‘(A) the interest rate for the loan is not 
more than the market interest rate; 
‘‘(B) the recipient of the loan will begin 
making principal and interest payments on the 
loan not later than 1 year after the date on 
which the project for which the loan was made 
is completed; 
‘‘(C) the loan will be fully amortized not 
later than 20 years after the date on which the 
project for which the loan was made is com-
pleted, except that, in the case of a loan made 
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for a project in a low-income geographic area or 
to a low-income homeowner, the State may pro-
vide a longer amortization period for the loan if 
that longer period— 
‘‘(i) ends on a date that is not later 
than 30 years after the date on which the 
project is completed; and 
‘‘(ii) is not longer than the expected 
design life of the project; 
‘‘(D) the recipient of the loan dem-
onstrates, based on verified and documented in-
formation that, as of the date on which the loan 
is made, the recipient has a reasonable ability 
to repay the loan, according to the terms of the 
loan, except that this subparagraph may not be 
construed to authorize any reduction or limita-
tion in efforts to comply with the requirements 
of subsection (c)(2)(F); and 
‘‘(E) payments of principal and interest 
with respect to the loan will be deposited into 
the State or Tribal government loan fund; 
‘‘(2) to buy or refinance the debt obligation of 
a local government at an interest rate that is not 
more than the market interest rate; 
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‘‘(3) to guarantee, or purchase insurance for, a 
local obligation, the proceeds of which finance a 
project eligible for assistance under this section, if 
the guarantee or purchase, as applicable, would— 
‘‘(A) improve credit market access; or 
‘‘(B) reduce the interest rate with respect 
to the obligation; 
‘‘(4) as a source of revenue or as security for 
the payment of principal and interest on revenue or 
general obligation bonds issued by the participating 
entity if the proceeds of the sale of the bonds will 
be deposited into the State or Tribal government 
loan fund; or 
‘‘(5) to earn interest on those amounts. 
‘‘(h) ASSISTANCE FOR LOW-INCOME HOMEOWNERS 
AND LOW-INCOME GEOGRAPHIC AREAS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of this section, if a participating entity 
uses amounts from a State or Tribal government 
loan fund to provide financial assistance under sub-
section (c) in a low-income geographic area or to a 
low-income homeowner, the participating entity may 
provide additional subsidization to the recipient of 
the assistance, including forgiveness of the principal 
of a loan. 
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‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—For each fiscal year, the 
total amount of additional subsidization provided by 
a participating entity under paragraph (1) may not 
exceed 30 percent of the amount of the capitaliza-
tion grant allocated to the participating entity for 
that fiscal year. 
‘‘(i) ADMINISTRATION OF FUND.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—A participating entity may 
combine the financial administration of a State or 
Tribal government loan fund with the financial ad-
ministration of any other revolving fund established 
by the participating entity if— 
‘‘(A) combining the administration of the 
funds would— 
‘‘(i) be convenient and avoid adminis-
trative costs; and 
‘‘(ii) not violate the law of the partici-
pating entity; and 
‘‘(B) the Administrator determines that— 
‘‘(i) amounts obtained from a grant 
made under this section, amounts obtained 
from the repayment of a loan made from 
a State or Tribal government loan fund, 
and interest earned on amounts in a State 
or Tribal government loan fund will be— 
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‘‘(I) accounted for separately 
from amounts from other revolving 
funds; and 
‘‘(II) used only for purposes au-
thorized under this section; and 
‘‘(ii) after consulting with the appro-
priate State or Tribal government agen-
cies, the authority to establish assistance 
priorities and carry out oversight and re-
lated activities, other than financial admin-
istration, with respect to flood assistance 
remains with the State or Tribal govern-
ment agency with primary responsibility 
for floodplain management. 
‘‘(2) 
ADMINISTRATIVE
AND
TECHNICAL 
COSTS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—For each fiscal year, a 
participating entity may use the amount de-
scribed in subparagraph (B) to— 
‘‘(i) pay the reasonable costs of ad-
ministration of the programs under this 
section, including the recovery of reason-
able costs incurred in establishing a State 
or Tribal government loan fund; 
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‘‘(ii) provide appropriate oversight of 
projects authorized under this section; and 
‘‘(iii) provide technical assistance and 
outreach to recipients in the State or Trib-
al government jurisdiction of amounts 
under this section, including with respect 
to updating hazard mitigation plans and 
participating in the Community Rating 
System, in an amount that is not more 
than 4 percent of the funds made available 
to the State or Tribal government jurisdic-
tion under this section. 
‘‘(B) 
DESCRIPTION.—The 
amount 
de-
scribed in this subparagraph is an amount 
equal to the sum of— 
‘‘(i) any fees collected by a partici-
pating entity to recover the costs described 
in subparagraph (A)(i), regardless of the 
source; and 
‘‘(ii) the greatest of— 
‘‘(I) $400,000; 
‘‘(II) 0.2 percent of the value of 
the State or Tribal government loan 
fund of a participating entity, as of 
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the date on which the valuation is 
made; and 
‘‘(III) an amount equal to 7 per-
cent of all grant awards made to a 
participating entity for the State or 
Tribal government loan fund of the 
participating entity under this section 
for the fiscal year. 
‘‘(3) AUDIT AND REPORT.— 
‘‘(A) AUDIT REQUIREMENT.—Not less fre-
quently than biennially, each participating enti-
ty shall conduct an audit of the State or Tribal 
government loan fund of the participating enti-
ty. 
‘‘(B) REPORT.—Each participating entity 
shall submit to the Administrator a biennial re-
port regarding the activities of the participating 
entity under this section during the period cov-
ered by the report, including— 
‘‘(i) the result of any audit conducted 
by the participating entity under subpara-
graph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) a review of the effectiveness of 
the State or Tribal government loan fund 
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of the participating entity with respect 
to— 
‘‘(I) the intended use plans of the 
participating entity; and 
‘‘(II) meeting the objectives de-
scribed in subsection (b)(1). 
‘‘(4) OVERSIGHT.—In conducting oversight with 
respect to State or Tribal government loan funds es-
tablished under this section, the Administrator— 
‘‘(A) shall— 
‘‘(i) periodically audit the funds in ac-
cordance with procedures established by 
the Comptroller General of the United 
States; and 
‘‘(ii) not less frequently than once 
every 4 years, review each State or Tribal 
government loan fund to determine the ef-
fectiveness of the fund in reducing flood 
risk; and 
‘‘(B) may, at any time— 
‘‘(i) make recommendations to a par-
ticipating entity with respect to the admin-
istration of the State or Tribal government 
loan fund of the participating entity; or 
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‘‘(ii) require specific changes with re-
spect to a State or Tribal government loan 
fund of the participating entity in order to 
improve the effectiveness of the fund. 
‘‘(j) LIABILITY PROTECTIONS.—The Federal Emer-
gency Management Agency shall not be liable for any 
claim based on the exercise or performance of, or the fail-
ure to exercise or perform, a discretionary function or duty 
by the Agency, or an employee of the Agency, in carrying 
out this section. 
‘‘(k) REGULATIONS.—The Administrator shall pro-
mulgate such guidance or regulations as may be necessary 
to carry out this section, including guidance or regulations 
that— 
‘‘(1) ensure that each participating entity to 
which funds are allocated under this section uses the 
funds as efficiently as possible; 
‘‘(2) reduce, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, waste, fraud, and abuse with respect to the 
implementation of this section; and 
‘‘(3) require any party that receives funds di-
rectly or indirectly under this section, including a 
participating entity and a recipient of amounts from 
a State or Tribal government loan fund, to use pro-
cedures with respect to the management of the 
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funds that conform to generally accepted accounting 
standards. 
‘‘(l) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary to carry out this section for fiscal years 2024 
through 2033.’’. 
(b) CONSIDERATION
OF
MITIGATION
MEASURES 
FUNDED BY STATE LOAN FUNDS IN FLOOD INSURANCE 
PREMIUM RATES.— 
(1) 
ESTIMATED
RATES.—Section 
1307(a)(1)(A)(ii) of the National Flood Insurance 
Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4014(a)(1)(A)(ii)) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘and similar measures’’ and inserting 
‘‘similar measures, any activities funded through 
amounts from a State or Tribal government loan 
fund established under section 1327’’. 
(2) CHARGEABLE RATES.—Section 1308(b)(1) 
of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4015(b)(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘and 
similar measures’’ and inserting ‘‘similar measures, 
any activities funded through amounts from a State 
or Tribal government loan fund established under 
section 1327’’. 
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SEC. 208. MAPPING MODERNIZATION. 
(a) AMENDMENTS TO THE BIGGERT-WATERS FLOOD 
INSURANCE REFORM ACT OF 2012.—The Biggert-Waters 
Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (42 U.S.C. 4004 et 
seq.) is amended— 
(1) in section 100215 (42 U.S.C. 4101a)— 
(A) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in paragraph (1)— 
(I) by redesignating subpara-
graphs (A) through (E) as subpara-
graphs (B) through (F), respectively; 
(II) by inserting before subpara-
graph (B), as so redesignated, the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(A) the Director of the United States Ge-
ological Survey;’’; and 
(III) in subparagraph (F), as so 
redesignated— 
(aa) in the matter preceding 
clause (i), by striking ‘‘16’’ and 
inserting ‘‘17’’; 
(bb) in clause (xiii), by strik-
ing ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(cc) in clause (xiv), by strik-
ing the period at the end and in-
serting ‘‘; and’’; and 
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(dd) by adding at the end 
the following: 
‘‘(xv) an expert in the field of cata-
strophic risk modeling.’’; 
(ii) in paragraph (2), in the second 
sentence, by striking ‘‘paragraph (1)(E)’’ 
and inserting ‘‘paragraph (1)(F)’’; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(3) CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.—A member of 
the Council— 
‘‘(A) may not, while serving on the Coun-
cil, be employed or retained by— 
‘‘(i) a Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency contractor or consultant; or 
‘‘(ii) a nongovernmental entity that 
was awarded a Federal grant during the 5- 
year period preceding the date on which 
the member was appointed to the Council; 
and 
‘‘(B) may not have been employed by a 
Federal Emergency Management Agency con-
tractor or consultant during the 5-year period 
preceding the date on which the member was 
appointed to the Council.’’; and 
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(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(m) PRIVATE OR COMMUNITY FLOOD MAPS.— 
‘‘(1) STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES.—In addi-
tion to the other duties of the Council under this 
section, not later than 1 year after the date of enact-
ment of this subsection, the Council shall develop 
and establish a set of standards, guidelines, and pro-
cedures for— 
‘‘(A) State and local governments, feder-
ally or State-recognized metropolitan planning 
organizations (commonly known as ‘MPOs’), 
federally or State-recognized councils of local 
governments, and federally or State-recognized 
rural transportation planning organizations to 
use in mapping flood risks and developing alter-
native maps to the flood insurance rate maps 
developed by the Administrator; and 
‘‘(B) certification, by the Administrator 
not later than 90 days after the date on which 
a map developed under subparagraph (A) is 
submitted to the Administrator, for use under 
the National Flood Insurance Program in the 
case of any area covered by a flood insurance 
rate map developed or approved by the Admin-
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istrator that has not been updated or reissued 
during the preceding 3-year period. 
‘‘(2) TREATMENT.—On and after the date on 
which the Administrator certifies a map under para-
graph (1)(B), and subject to the requirements of 
section 1363 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 
1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104), the map— 
‘‘(A) shall be considered the flood insur-
ance rate map in effect for all purposes of the 
National Flood Insurance Program with respect 
to the area covered by the map; and 
‘‘(B) may not be revised, updated, or re-
placed in accordance with the standards, guide-
lines, and procedures established under para-
graph (1) before the expiration of the 3-year 
period beginning on that date of certification. 
‘‘(3) EXEMPTION
FROM
RULEMAKING.—Until 
the date on which the Administrator promulgates 
regulations implementing paragraphs (1) and (2), 
the Administrator may adopt policies and proce-
dures, notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
necessary to implement those paragraphs without re-
gard to section 553 of title 5, United States Code, 
and without conducting regulatory analyses other-
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wise required by statute, regulation, or Executive 
order.’’; and 
(2) in section 100216 (42 U.S.C. 4101b)— 
(A) in subsection (b)— 
(i) in paragraph (1)— 
(I) in subparagraph (A)— 
(aa) in clause (v), by strik-
ing ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(bb) in clause (vi), by add-
ing ‘‘and’’ at the end; and 
(cc) by inserting after clause 
(vi) the following: 
‘‘(vii) all other areas of the United 
States that are not described in clauses (i) 
through (vi);’’; 
(II) in subparagraph (B), by 
striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(III) in subparagraph (C), by 
striking the period at the end and in-
serting ‘‘, including the most recently 
available and best remote sensing 
technology;’’; and 
(IV) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
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‘‘(D) when appropriate, partner with other 
Federal agencies, States, and private entities in 
order to meet the objectives of the program; 
and 
‘‘(E) consult and coordinate with the Sec-
retary of Defense, the Director of the United 
States Geological Survey, the Director of the 
Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Adminis-
trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration to obtain the most up-to-date 
maps and other information of those agencies, 
including information relating to topography, 
water flow, watershed characteristics, and any 
other issues that are relevant to identifying, re-
viewing, updating, maintaining, and publishing 
National 
Flood 
Insurance 
Program 
rate 
maps.’’; and 
(ii) in paragraph (3)— 
(I) in subparagraph (A), by re-
designating clauses (i) and (ii) as sub-
clauses (I) and (II), respectively, and 
adjusting the margins accordingly; 
(II) by redesignating subpara-
graphs (A) through (E) as clauses (i) 
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through (v), respectively, and adjust-
ing the margins accordingly; 
(III) in the matter preceding 
clause (i), as so redesignated, by 
striking 
‘‘Administrator 
shall 
in-
clude—’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘Administrator— 
‘‘(A) shall include—’’; 
(IV) in subparagraph (A)(v), as 
so redesignated, by striking the period 
at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 
(V) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(B) may include— 
‘‘(i) any relevant information that is 
obtained under paragraph (1)(E); and 
‘‘(ii) cadastral features, including, for 
each cadastral feature— 
‘‘(I) the associated parcel identi-
fication data for that feature; and 
‘‘(II) to the maximum extent 
practicable, using public and private 
sector address data, the address of 
that feature.’’; 
(B) in subsection (c)(2)— 
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(i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
the period at the end and inserting a semi-
colon; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(D) not later than 5 years after the date 
on which the National Geodetic Survey com-
pletes the modernization of the National Spatial 
Reference System in 2022, updated to conform 
with the geospatial data provided by that sys-
tem; and 
‘‘(E) spatially accurate in accordance with 
the common protocols for geographic informa-
tion systems under applicable law.’’; 
(C) by redesignating subsection (f) as sub-
section (g); 
(D) by inserting after subsection (e) the 
following: 
‘‘(f) INCORPORATING
BUILDING-SPECIFIC
FLOOD 
RISK INFORMATION.— 
‘‘(1) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years 
after the date of enactment of the National 
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Flood Insurance Program Reauthorization and 
Reform Act of 2025, the Administrator, in co-
ordination with, and as recommended by, the 
Technical Mapping Advisory Council, shall es-
tablish a dynamic, database-derived digital dis-
play environment for flood hazard risk produc-
tion and dissemination. 
‘‘(B) CONSULTATION
WITH
STATES
AND 
COMMUNITIES.—In designing and constructing 
the environment under subparagraph (A), the 
Administrator shall— 
‘‘(i) leverage and partner with States 
and communities that have successfully im-
plemented the same approach; and 
‘‘(ii) consider adopting the techniques 
and technologies used by States and com-
munities described in clause (i) and apply-
ing them nationwide. 
‘‘(2) DIGITAL DISPLAY.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out para-
graph (1), the Administrator shall create a dig-
ital display prompted through dynamic querying 
of a spatial, relational building database that 
includes— 
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‘‘(i) special flood hazard areas and 
base flood elevations for purposes of lender 
compliance with the requirements under 
section 102 of the Flood Disaster Protec-
tion Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4012a); and 
‘‘(ii) structure-specific flood risk infor-
mation, including, for each property ad-
dress— 
‘‘(I) the spatial footprint and ele-
vation of the structure relative to spe-
cial flood hazard areas and base flood 
elevations; 
‘‘(II) elevation data applicable to 
the property; 
‘‘(III) any letter of map changes; 
‘‘(IV) to the maximum extent 
practicable, the full risk premium rate 
estimated for the structure under sec-
tion 1307(a)(1) of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4014(a)(1)) based on elevation data 
and, where applicable, the level of pro-
tection provided by levee systems; 
‘‘(V) the disclosure described in 
section 1308(l) of the National Flood 
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Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4015(l)), which shall include— 
‘‘(aa) the extent to which, if 
any, the chargeable premium rate 
applicable to the property is less 
than the full risk premium rate 
under section 1307(a)(1) of that 
Act (42 U.S.C. 4014(a)(1)); and 
‘‘(bb) an explanation of the 
difference described in item (aa) 
and the methodology used to rate 
the property; 
‘‘(VI) the estimated cost to re-
pair the structure in the case of dam-
age from floods with recurrence inter-
vals ranging from the 10 percent an-
nual chance event to the 0.2 percent 
annual chance event; 
‘‘(VII) the cost-effectiveness of 
mitigating the structure using com-
mon methods and how the chargeable 
premium rate would change based on 
each mitigation method; and 
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‘‘(VIII) the claims history of the 
structure, including the amount and 
date of each loss. 
‘‘(B) PRIVACY REQUIREMENTS.—With re-
spect to the database described in subparagraph 
(A), including any data used to create that 
database, the Administrator may not dissemi-
nate the database to any person other than the 
owner or leaseholder of a property identified in 
the database. 
‘‘(3) DATABASE.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator 
shall— 
‘‘(i) develop a spatial, relational data-
base of buildings for which flood hazard 
has been identified through the National 
Flood Insurance Program; and 
‘‘(ii) obtain the data necessary to sup-
port the digital display created under para-
graph (2). 
‘‘(B) DATA.—The data obtained under 
subparagraph (A) shall include, at a min-
imum— 
‘‘(i) footprints and elevations (includ-
ing lowest adjacent grade and first floor) 
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from Light Detection and Ranging (com-
monly known as ‘LiDAR’) data collections 
or other data collection methods that meet 
or exceed the standards for buildings, as 
determined by the Administrator; 
‘‘(ii) elevation data; 
‘‘(iii) parcel, address, and imagery 
data necessary for the identification, as-
sessment, and reduction of flood hazards 
for individual properties; 
‘‘(iv) flood insurance rate maps, stud-
ies, and supporting data; 
‘‘(v) letters of map change; and 
‘‘(vi) any other data that the Adminis-
trator determines necessary to collect to 
meet the objectives of this section. 
‘‘(4) DATA PROCUREMENT.—The Administrator 
shall obtain any data necessary to establish the envi-
ronment under paragraph (1), including by— 
‘‘(A) directing communities participating 
in the National Flood Insurance Program, by 
regulation, to collect and supply information, 
including elevation data, for each structure that 
obtains a construction or other development 
permit within— 
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‘‘(i) a special flood hazard area; or 
‘‘(ii) an advisory special flood hazard 
area adopted by the community; 
‘‘(B) issuing guidelines and standards, as 
determined by the Administrator; 
‘‘(C) partnering with other Federal, State, 
local, and private stakeholders to the greatest 
extent possible to obtain and share existing 
data that meets or exceeds the standards deter-
mined by the Administrator under subpara-
graph (B); and 
‘‘(D) contracting with private companies to 
obtain new LiDAR data collections or elevation 
data. 
‘‘(5) NFIP PREMIUM CREDIT.—The Adminis-
trator shall provide a 1-time premium credit of not 
more than $500 to a policyholder for the purchase 
of an elevation certificate. 
‘‘(6) MASS LETTERS OF MAP CHANGE.—In co-
ordination with States and communities that have 
successfully implemented a dynamic, database-de-
rived digital display environment for flood hazard 
risk production and dissemination, the Adminis-
trator shall issue guidelines for the adoption and in-
tegration into the program established under sub-
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section (a) of LiDAR-based letter of map amend-
ment approaches. 
‘‘(7) ANNUAL
REPORT.—The Administrator 
shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, 
and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee 
on Financial Services of the House of Representa-
tives an annual progress report on the implementa-
tion of this subsection, which shall include rec-
ommendations to reduce the cost and improve the 
implementation of this subsection.’’; and 
(E) in subsection (g), as so redesignated— 
(i) 
by 
striking 
‘‘this 
section 
$400,000,000’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘this section— 
‘‘(1) $500,000,000’’; and 
(ii) by striking the period at the end 
and inserting the following: ‘‘; and 
‘‘(2) $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 
through 2029.’’. 
(b) APPEALS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.— 
(A) RIGHT TO APPEAL.—Section 1360 of 
the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4101) is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
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‘‘(k) APPEALS OF EXISTING MAPS.— 
‘‘(1) RIGHT TO APPEAL.—Subject to paragraph 
(6), a State or local government, or the owner or les-
see of real property, that makes a formal request to 
the Administrator to update a flood insurance rate 
map that the Administrator denies may at any time 
appeal the denial in accordance with this subsection. 
‘‘(2) BASIS FOR APPEAL.—The basis for an ap-
peal under this subsection shall be the possession of 
knowledge or information that— 
‘‘(A) the base flood elevation level or des-
ignation of any aspect of a flood insurance rate 
map is scientifically or technically inaccurate; or 
‘‘(B) factors exist that mitigate the risk of 
flooding, including ditches, banks, walls, vegeta-
tion, levees, lakes, dams, reservoirs, basin, re-
tention ponds, and other natural or manmade 
topographical features. 
‘‘(3) APPEALS PROCESS.— 
‘‘(A) ADMINISTRATIVE
ADJUDICATION.— 
The Administrator shall determine an appeal 
under this subsection by making a final adju-
dication on the record, after providing an op-
portunity for an administrative hearing. 
‘‘(B) RIGHTS UPON ADVERSE DECISION.— 
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‘‘(i) OPTIONAL ARBITRATION.—If an 
appeal determined under subparagraph (A) 
does not result in a decision in favor of the 
State, local government, owner, or lessee, 
that party may request that an appeal of 
the adverse decision be heard— 
‘‘(I) through independent, non- 
binding arbitration; or 
‘‘(II) by the Scientific Resolution 
Panel provided for in section 1363A. 
‘‘(ii) PROCESS.—Notwithstanding any 
provision of section 1363A(c)(4) regarding 
the binding nature of the recommendations 
of the Scientific Resolution Panel, the Ad-
ministrator shall establish a process for the 
purposes of clause (i) under which an arbi-
trator or the Scientific Resolution Panel, 
as applicable, provides a non-binding rec-
ommendation to the Administrator. 
‘‘(4) RELIEF.— 
‘‘(A) WHOLLY SUCCESSFUL APPEALS.—If 
the Administrator determines in an appeal 
under this subsection that the property of a pol-
icyholder that had been included in a special 
flood hazard area under the flood insurance 
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rate map is actually not in a special flood haz-
ard area— 
‘‘(i) the policyholder may cancel the 
policy at any time during the year in which 
the Administrator makes the determina-
tion; and 
‘‘(ii) the Administrator shall provide 
the policyholder a refund equal to the 
amount of— 
‘‘(I) any premiums that the pol-
icyholder paid during the year de-
scribed in clause (i); and 
‘‘(II) any premiums that the pol-
icyholder paid for flood insurance cov-
erage that the policyholder was re-
quired to purchase or maintain during 
the 2-year period preceding the year 
described in clause (i). 
‘‘(B) PARTIALLY SUCCESSFUL APPEALS.— 
If the Administrator determines in an appeal 
under this subsection that mitigating factors 
have reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of 
flooding to a property, the Administrator 
shall— 
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‘‘(i) reduce the amount of flood insur-
ance coverage required to be maintained 
for the property by the ratio of the suc-
cessful portion of the appeal as compared 
to the entire appeal; and 
‘‘(ii) provide the policyholder a refund 
equal to the difference between— 
‘‘(I) the amount of any premiums 
that the policyholder paid during the 
period— 
‘‘(aa) beginning on the later 
of— 
‘‘(AA) 
the 
date 
on 
which the mitigating factor 
was created; or 
‘‘(BB) January 1 of the 
second year preceding the 
date on which the deter-
mination is made; and 
‘‘(bb) ending on the date on 
which 
the 
reduction 
in 
the 
amount of flood insurance re-
quired, as described in clause (i), 
takes effect; and 
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‘‘(II) the amount of premiums 
that the policyholder would have been 
required to pay if the reduced amount 
of flood insurance coverage required, 
as described in clause (i), had been in 
effect during the period described in 
subclause (I) of this clause. 
‘‘(C) ADDITIONAL RELIEF.—The Adminis-
trator may provide additional refunds in excess 
of the amounts required under subparagraphs 
(A) and (B) if the Administrator determines 
that such additional refunds are warranted. 
‘‘(5) RECOVERY OF COSTS.— 
‘‘(A) APPEAL EXPENSES.—If a State or 
local government, or the owner or lessee of real 
property, incurs any expense in connection with 
an appeal under this subsection that is based 
on a scientific or technical error made by the 
Administrator and that is successful in whole or 
part regarding the designation of the base flood 
elevation or any aspect of a flood insurance rate 
map, including elevation or designation of a 
special flood hazard area, the Administrator 
shall reimburse the State, local government, 
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100 
owner, or lessee in accordance with subpara-
graph (B). 
‘‘(B) 
REIMBURSABLE
EXPENSES.—The 
Administrator— 
‘‘(i) may reimburse a party under 
subparagraph (A) for reasonable expenses 
described in that subparagraph— 
‘‘(I) including for a service pro-
vided by a surveyor, engineer, or sci-
entific expert; and 
‘‘(II) to the extent measured by 
the ratio of the successful portion of 
the appeal as compared to the entire 
appeal; and 
‘‘(ii) may not reimburse a party under 
subparagraph (A) for— 
‘‘(I) the cost of legal services; or 
‘‘(II) the payment of any fee or 
expense, the payment of which was 
agreed to be contingent upon the re-
sult of the appeal. 
‘‘(6) 
GUIDANCE.—The 
Administrator 
shall 
issue guidance to implement this subsection, which 
shall not be subject to the notice and comment re-
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101 
quirements under section 553 of title 5, United 
States Code.’’. 
(B) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND-
MENTS.—Section 1310(a) of the National Flood 
Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4017(a)) is 
amended— 
(i) in paragraph (7), by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end; 
(ii) in paragraph (8), by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 
and 
(iii) by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(9) for providing reimbursements of expenses 
of flood insurance rate map appeals under section 
1360(k)(5).’’. 
(2) DEADLINE FOR ISSUANCE OF GUIDANCE.— 
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall issue the guid-
ance required under subsection (k)(6) of section 
1360 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 4101), as added by paragraph (1)(A). 
(3) ISSUANCE OF REGULATIONS FOR MAP AP-
PEALS.—Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall issue 
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102 
the regulations required to be issued under sub-
section (f) of section 1363 of the National Flood In-
surance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104) and any rel-
evant guidance to implement that subsection. 
SEC. 209. APPEALS. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a fair, trans-
parent, and streamlined process to manage disputes re-
garding chargeable premium rates prescribed under sec-
tion 1308 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 4015), as amended by this Act, including a 
dispute regarding, with respect to a property— 
(1) the distance of the property from an ocean, 
coastline, lake, or river; 
(2) the elevation of the property; 
(3) the ground elevation of the property; 
(4) the first floor height of the property; 
(5) the type of foundation with respect to the 
property; or 
(6) the quality of any levee on the property. 
SEC. 210. LEVEE-PROTECTED AREAS. 
Section 100216(b) of the Biggert-Waters Flood In-
surance Reform Act of 2012 (42 U.S.C. 4101b(b)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) AREAS PROTECTED BY LEVEE SYSTEMS.— 
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103 
‘‘(A) APPLICABILITY.—To facilitate the 
implementation of this section, and notwith-
standing any other provision of law, this para-
graph shall apply to a community in which the 
Administrator establishes rates for flood insur-
ance under the National Flood Insurance Pro-
gram in a levee-protected area. 
‘‘(B) 
NON-ACCREDITED
LEVEE
SYS-
TEMS.— 
‘‘(i) ASSESSMENT
OF
PROTECTION 
PROVIDED
BY
NON-ACCREDITED
LEVEE 
SYSTEMS.—With respect to an area in 
which the pertinent levee system fails to 
meet the minimum design, operation, and 
maintenance standards of the National 
Flood Insurance Program described in sec-
tion 65.10 of title 44, Code of Federal 
Regulations, or any successor regulation, 
for levee accreditation on a National Flood 
Insurance Program rate map under the 
Risk Rating 2.0 methodology (or any sub-
stantially similar methodology), the Admin-
istrator shall, not later than 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this paragraph— 
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104 
‘‘(I) through rules issued under 
section 553 of title 5, United States 
Code, establish— 
‘‘(aa) the analysis that the 
Administrator will perform to de-
termine the level of protection 
provided by the non-accredited 
levee system; and 
‘‘(bb) 
the 
procedure 
by 
which the Administrator will es-
tablish rates for flood insurance 
under the National Flood Insur-
ance Program for that area; and 
‘‘(II)(aa) issue guidance with re-
spect to the matters described in 
items (aa) and (bb) of subclause (I); 
or 
‘‘(bb) use the levee analysis and 
mapping procedure of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency, as 
in effect on the date of enactment of 
this paragraph, for purposes of updat-
ing flood insurance rate maps and es-
tablishing rates for flood insurance 
under the National Flood Insurance 
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105 
Program, working with established 
Local Levee Partnership Teams or 
their equivalent for verification of ac-
curate results. 
‘‘(ii) RATE FOR AREAS WITHOUT SUF-
FICIENT DATA.—With respect to a struc-
ture that is located in an area described in 
clause (i), and for which the Administrator 
does not have sufficient data to assess risk, 
the Administrator may not increase the 
rates for flood insurance under the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Program for that 
structure until the Administrator— 
‘‘(I) carries out clause (i) with 
respect to that area; and 
‘‘(II) makes available to all par-
ties affected by the increased rate the 
data on which the Administrator is re-
lying in establishing that increased 
rate. 
‘‘(C) MANDATORY
PURCHASE
REQUIRE-
MENT FOR LEVEE SYSTEMS.—In any area in 
which the pertinent levee system meets the min-
imum design, operation, and maintenance 
standards described in section 65.10 of title 44, 
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106 
Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor 
regulation, the Administrator may not— 
‘‘(i) designate the levee-protected area 
a special flood hazard area; or 
‘‘(ii) impose any requirement to pur-
chase flood insurance for a structure lo-
cated in the area. 
‘‘(D) APPEALS PROCESS.— 
‘‘(i) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this 
paragraph, the Administrator shall develop 
an appeals process for communities located 
within a levee-protected area described in 
this paragraph that disputes the assess-
ment made by the Administrator of the 
level of protection provided by the levee or 
the residual risk associated with the levee. 
‘‘(ii) DEFINITION
REQUIREMENTS.— 
With respect to the appeals process estab-
lished under clause (i)— 
‘‘(I) subject to subclause (II), the 
Administrator shall make clear which 
definition of the terms ‘levee’ and ‘re-
sidual risk’ shall apply for the pur-
poses of the appeal; and 
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107 
‘‘(II) an appellant in an appeal 
brought under that process may re-
quire that the Administrator use the 
definition of the term ‘levee’ in section 
59.1 of title 44, Code of Federal Reg-
ulations, or any successor regula-
tion.’’. 
SEC. 211. COMMUNITY-WIDE FLOOD MITIGATION ACTIVI-
TIES. 
It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator 
should consider flood mitigation activities that— 
(1) provide benefits to an entire floodplain or 
community, or to a portion of such a community; 
(2) consider all available and practicable ap-
proaches; and 
(3) the Administrator determines— 
(A) are technically feasible; 
(B) have the highest net benefits; and 
(C) are consistent with mitigation plans 
approved by the Administrator. 
SEC. 212. PREMIUM CALCULATOR. 
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
(1) the term ‘‘covered property’’ means a prop-
erty for which insurance is provided under the Na-
tional Flood Insurance Program; and 
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108 
(2) the term ‘‘premium rates’’ means charge-
able premium rates prescribed under section 1308 of 
the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4015), as amended by this Act. 
(b) REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator shall take 
the following actions: 
(1) Not later than 60 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, make public all formulas used 
by the Administrator to calculate the value of miti-
gation credits provided with respect to covered prop-
erties, including, at a minimum, credits for— 
(A) installing a flood opening; 
(B) elevating such a property onto a post, 
pile, or pier; and 
(C) elevating machinery and equipment 
above the lowest floor of such a property. 
(2) Not later than 90 days after the date of en-
actment of this Act, establish a tool that allows 
members of the public to estimate premium rates for 
covered properties under the Risk Rating 2.0 pro-
gram (or any similar methodology) within a reason-
able margin of error based on user inputs, which 
shall include a mechanism for determining how the 
premium rates for a covered property would change 
based on taking a particular mitigation action, in-
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109 
cluding an action described in subparagraph (A), 
(B), or (C) of paragraph (1) with respect to the cov-
ered property. 
(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of en-
actment of this Act, and annually thereafter, publish 
online, for each State, county, and zip code in the 
United States, a distribution showing the median, 
mean, lower and upper quartiles, maximum, and 
minimum— 
(A) premium rates; and 
(B) full risk premium rates under section 
1307(a)(1) of the National Flood Insurance Act 
of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4014(a)(1)), as amended by 
this Act. 
SEC. 213. CONSIDERATION OF MITIGATION PROJECTS IN 
FLOOD INSURANCE PREMIUM RATES. 
(a) ESTIMATED RATES.—Section 1307(a)(1)(A)(ii) 
of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4014(a)(1)(A)(ii)), as amended by section 207(b)(1) of 
this Act, is amended by inserting after ‘‘section 1327’’ the 
following: ‘‘, and any mitigation project carried out by the 
Army Corps of Engineers or under the community devel-
opment block grant program for disaster recovery or miti-
gation, section 203 or 205 of the Robert T. Stafford Dis-
aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
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110 
5133, 5135), or the Building Resilient Infrastructure and 
Communities program of the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency’’. 
(b) CHARGEABLE RATES.—Section 1308(b)(1) of the 
National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
4015(b)(1)), as amended by section 207(b)(2) of this Act, 
is amended by inserting after ‘‘section 1327’’ the fol-
lowing: ‘‘, and any mitigation project carried out by the 
Army Corps of Engineers or under the community devel-
opment block grant program for disaster recovery or miti-
gation, section 203 or 205 of the Robert T. Stafford Dis-
aster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5133, 5135), or the Building Resilient Infrastructure and 
Communities program of the Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency’’. 
TITLE III—SOLVENCY 
SEC. 301. FORBEARANCE ON NFIP INTEREST PAYMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—During the 5-year period begin-
ning on the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of the Treasury may not charge the Administrator interest 
on amounts borrowed by the Administrator under section 
1309(a) of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 
U.S.C. 4016(a)) that were outstanding as of the date of 
enactment of this Act, including amounts borrowed after 
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111 
the date of enactment of this Act that refinance debts that 
existed before the date of enactment of this Act. 
(b) USE OF SAVED AMOUNTS.—There shall be depos-
ited into the National Flood Mitigation Fund an amount 
equal to the interest that would have accrued on the bor-
rowed amounts during the 5-year period described in sub-
section (a) at the time at which those interest payments 
would have otherwise been paid, which, notwithstanding 
any provision of section 1367 of the National Flood Insur-
ance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104d), the Administrator 
shall use to carry out the program established under sec-
tion 1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 4104c). 
(c) NO RETROACTIVE ACCRUAL.—After the 5-year 
period described in subsection (a), the Secretary of the 
Treasury shall not require the Administrator to repay any 
interest that, but for that subsection, would have accrued 
on the borrowed amounts described in that subsection dur-
ing that 5-year period. 
SEC. 302. CAP ON WRITE YOUR OWN COMPANY COMPENSA-
TION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1311 of the National 
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4018) is amend-
ed— 
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(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as sub-
section (c); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(b) LIMITATION
ON
COMPENSATION; MINIMUM 
AGENT COMMISSIONS.—In negotiating with appropriate 
representatives of the insurance industry under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall ensure that— 
‘‘(1) any reimbursement paid to a property and 
casualty insurance company for selling, writing, and 
servicing flood insurance policies is not more than 
22.46 percent of the aggregate amount of premiums 
charged by the insurance company; and 
‘‘(2) an insurance company pays a portion of 
the reimbursement described in paragraph (1) to 
agents of the company as a commission, in an 
amount that is not less than 15 percent of the ag-
gregate amount of the premiums sold by the 
agent.’’. 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
Section 1311 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 4018), as amended by subsection (a), is 
amended— 
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113 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘The Adminis-
trator’’ and inserting ‘‘IN GENERAL.—The Adminis-
trator’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), as so redesignated by sub-
section (a) of this section, by striking ‘‘For purposes 
of subsection (a)’’ and inserting ‘‘DEFINITIONS.— 
For purposes of this section’’. 
SEC. 303. THIRD-PARTY SERVICE PROVIDER COSTS; TRANS-
PARENCY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 100224(d) of the Biggert- 
Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (42 U.S.C. 
4081 note) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘Not later than 12 months after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator’’ and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(2) 
VENDOR
COSTS; 
TRANSPARENCY.—In 
issuing the rule under paragraph (1), the Adminis-
trator shall— 
‘‘(A) develop a schedule to determine the 
actual costs of Write Your Own third-party 
service providers, including claims adjusters and 
engineering companies; 
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114 
‘‘(B) provide that if a Write Your Own 
company requests reimbursement for the costs 
of a service or product provided to the company 
by a vendor, the Administrator only reimburses 
the company for the actual costs of the service 
or products; and 
‘‘(C) require that all reimbursements to 
Write Your Own companies be made public, in-
cluding a description of the product or service 
provided to which the reimbursement per-
tains.’’. 
(b) DEADLINE FOR REVISED RULE.—Not later than 
90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Ad-
ministrator shall issue a revised rule under section 
100224(d) of the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform 
Act of 2012 (42 U.S.C. 4081 note), as amended by sub-
section (a). 
SEC. 304. AVAILABILITY OF NFIP CLAIMS DATA. 
(a) STUDY REQUIRED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
study the feasibility of selling or licensing the use of 
historical structure-specific National Flood Insur-
ance Program claims data (referred to in this sec-
tion as ‘‘covered claims data’’) to nongovernmental 
entities. 
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(2) CONTENTS.—In conducting the study re-
quired under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, 
at a minimum— 
(A) investigate 1 or more methods of pro-
viding the most specific covered claims data 
possible while reasonably protecting policyholder 
privacy; 
(B) review existing means, as of the date 
of enactment of this Act, by which the Federal 
Government and nongovernmental entities pro-
vide leases or licenses to private persons, and 
the various regulations, terms, conditions, and 
guidance employed; 
(C) identify potential uses for covered 
claims data and any known risks concerning 
those uses, including the risk that private insur-
ance companies will use the data to issue flood 
insurance policies with respect to properties 
that have the lowest level of flood risk, which 
would require the National Flood Insurance 
Program to issue those policies with respect to 
properties with higher levels of flood risk; 
(D) identify mechanisms for determining 
the likely market value for access to covered 
claims data; 
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(E) consider whether selling or licensing 
the use of covered claims data, as described in 
paragraph (1), would be in compliance with sec-
tion 552a of title 5, United States Code (com-
monly known as the ‘‘Privacy Act of 1974’’); 
(F) review the costs of researching, devel-
oping, and producing previous releases of cov-
ered claims data and identify if releasing this 
data has benefitted the National Flood Insur-
ance Program in a tangible way that benefits 
policyholders; and 
(G) recommend actions the Administrator 
could take, if any, to prevent unintended con-
sequences associated with the sale or licensing 
for private insurance purposes covered claims 
data. 
(b) REPORT BY ADMINISTRATOR.—Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Hous-
ing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee 
on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a 
report that contains the results and conclusions of the 
study conducted under subsection (a), which shall include 
an analysis of any recommendations made by the study. 
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SEC. 305. REFUSAL OF MITIGATION ASSISTANCE. 
Section 1366 of the National Flood Insurance Act of 
1968 (42 U.S.C. 4104c) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding 
paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by inserting 
‘‘and, with respect to financial assistance described 
in paragraph (2), using amounts made available 
from the Disaster Relief Fund in accordance with 
section 203(n) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5133(n))’’ after ‘‘section 1367’’; 
(2) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub-
section (i); and 
(3) by inserting after subsection (g) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(h) REFUSAL OF ASSISTANCE.— 
‘‘(1) DEFINITION.—In this subsection, the term 
‘bona fide offer of assistance’ means an offer of as-
sistance made by the Administrator to a policyholder 
under the national flood insurance program that— 
‘‘(A) relates to mitigation activities with 
respect to the structure insured under that pro-
gram; 
‘‘(B) covers 100 percent of the cost of the 
mitigation activities described in subparagraph 
(A); 
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