sequestered will not later be returned to the atmos-
phere. 
(14) REGISTRY.—The term ‘‘registry’’ means 
the registry of greenhouse gas emission reductions 
established under section 201(b)(2). 
(15) 
SECRETARY.—The 
term 
‘‘Secretary’’ 
means the Secretary of Commerce. 
(16) SEQUESTRATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘sequestra-
tion’’ means the capture, long-term separation, 
isolation, or removal of greenhouse gases from 
the atmosphere. 
(B) INCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘sequestra-
tion’’ includes— 
(i) agricultural and conservation prac-
tices; 
(ii) reforestation; 
(iii) forest preservation; and 
(iv) any other appropriate method of 
capture, long-term separation, isolation, or 
removal of greenhouse gases from the at-
mosphere, as determined by the Adminis-
trator. 
(C) EXCLUSIONS.—The term ‘‘sequestra-
tion’’ does not include—
(i) any conversion of, or negative im-
pact on, a native ecosystem; or 
(ii) any introduction of non-native 
species. 
(17) SOURCE
CATEGORY.—The term ‘‘source 
category’’ means a process or activity that leads to 
direct emissions of greenhouse gases, as listed in the 
Inventory. 
(18) STATIONARY
SOURCE.—The term ‘‘sta-
tionary source’’ means generally any source of 
greenhouse gases except those emissions resulting di-
rectly from an engine for transportation purposes. 
TITLE 
I—FEDERAL 
CLIMATE 
CHANGE RESEARCH AND RE-
LATED ACTIVITIES 
SEC. 101. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS. 
The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall establish a fellowship program for students pursuing 
graduate studies in global climate change, including capa-
bility in observation, analysis, modeling, paleoclimatology, 
consequences, and adaptation. 
SEC. 102. RESEARCH GRANTS. 
Section 105 of the Global Change Research Act of 
1990 (15 U.S.C. 2935) is amended—
(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as sub-
section (d); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (b) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(c) RESEARCH GRANTS.— 
‘‘(1) COMMITTEE TO DEVELOP LIST OF PRI-
ORITY RESEARCH AREAS.—The Committee shall de-
velop a list of priority areas for research and devel-
opment on climate change that are not being ad-
dressed by Federal agencies. 
‘‘(2) DIRECTOR OF OSTP TO TRANSMIT LIST TO 
NSF.—The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall transmit the list to the Na-
tional Science Foundation. 
‘‘(3) FUNDING THROUGH NSF.— 
‘‘(A) BUDGET
REQUEST.—The National 
Science Foundation shall include, as part of the 
annual request for appropriations for the 
Science and Technology Policy Institute, a re-
quest for appropriations to fund research in the 
priority areas on the list developed under para-
graph (1). 
‘‘(B) AUTHORIZATION.—For fiscal year 
2006 and each fiscal year thereafter, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the National
Science Foundation not less than $25,000,000, 
to be made available through the Science and 
Technology Policy Institute, for research in 
those priority areas.’’. 
SEC. 103. ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, through the Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall 
carry out a program of scientific research on potential ab-
rupt climate change designed— 
(1) to develop a global array of terrestrial and 
oceanographic indicators of paleoclimate in order 
sufficiently to identify and describe past instances of 
abrupt climate change; 
(2) to improve understanding of thresholds and 
nonlinearities in geophysical systems related to the 
mechanisms of abrupt climate change; 
(3) to incorporate these mechanisms into ad-
vanced geophysical models of climate change; and 
(4) to test the output of these models against 
an improved global array of records of past abrupt 
climate changes. 
(b) ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘‘abrupt climate change’’ means a change 
in climate that occurs so rapidly or unexpectedly that
human or natural systems may have difficulty adapting 
to it. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION
OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 
are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for fis-
cal year 2006 $60,000,000 to carry out this section, such 
sum to remain available until expended. 
SEC. 104. NIST GREENHOUSE GAS FUNCTIONS. 
Section 2(c) of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon in 
paragraph (21); 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (22) as para-
graph (23); and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (21) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(22) perform research to develop enhanced 
measurements, calibrations, standards, and tech-
nologies which will facilitate activities that reduce 
emissions of greenhouse gases or increase sequestra-
tion of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, 
methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, perfluorocarbons, 
hydrofluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride; and’’.
SEC. 105. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MEASUREMENT TECH-
NOLOGIES. 
To facilitate implementation of section 204, the Sec-
retary shall initiate a program to develop, with technical 
assistance from appropriate Federal agencies, innovative 
standards and measurement technologies to calculate 
greenhouse gas emissions or reductions for which no accu-
rate or reliable measurement technology exists. The pro-
gram shall include— 
(1) technologies (including remote sensing tech-
nologies) to measure carbon changes and other 
greenhouse gas emissions and reductions from agri-
culture, forestry, and other land use practices; and 
(2) technologies to calculate non-carbon dioxide 
greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. 
SEC. 106. ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 
AND STANDARDS. 
The National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 271 et seq.) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating sections 17 through 32 as 
sections 18 through 33, respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after section 16 the following: 
‘‘SEC. 17. CLIMATE CHANGE STANDARDS AND PROCESSES. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall establish 
within the Institute a program to perform and support re-
search on global climate change standards and processes,
with the goal of providing scientific and technical knowl-
edge applicable to the reduction of greenhouse gases (as 
defined in section 3 of the Climate Stewardship Act of 
2005) and of facilitating implementation of section 204 
of that Act. 
‘‘(b) RESEARCH PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director is authorized 
to conduct, directly or through contracts or grants, 
a global climate change standards and processes re-
search program. 
‘‘(2) RESEARCH PROJECTS.—The specific con-
tents and priorities of the research program shall be 
determined in consultation with appropriate Federal 
agencies, including the Environmental Protection 
Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, and the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration. The program generally shall 
include basic and applied research— 
‘‘(A) to develop and provide the enhanced 
measurements, calibrations, data, models, and 
reference material standards which will enable 
the monitoring of greenhouse gases; 
‘‘(B) to assist in establishing a baseline 
reference point for future trading in greenhouse
gases and the measurement of progress in emis-
sions reduction; 
‘‘(C) that will be exchanged internationally 
as scientific or technical information which has 
the stated purpose of developing mutually rec-
ognized measurements, standards, and proce-
dures for reducing greenhouse gases; and 
‘‘(D) to assist in developing improved in-
dustrial processes designed to reduce or elimi-
nate greenhouse gases. 
‘‘(c) NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORIES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out this sec-
tion, the Director shall utilize the collective skills of 
the National Measurement Laboratories of the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and Technology to im-
prove the accuracy of measurements that will permit 
better understanding and control of industrial chem-
ical processes and result in the reduction or elimi-
nation of greenhouse gases. 
‘‘(2) MATERIAL, PROCESS, AND BUILDING RE-
SEARCH.—The National Measurement Laboratories 
shall conduct research under this subsection that in-
cludes— 
‘‘(A) developing material and manufac-
turing processes which are designed for energy
efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emissions 
into the environment; 
‘‘(B) developing chemical processes to be 
used by industry that, compared to similar 
processes in commercial use, result in reduced 
emissions of greenhouse gases or increased se-
questration of greenhouse gases; and 
‘‘(C) enhancing building performance with 
a focus in developing standards or tools which 
will help incorporate low- or no-emission tech-
nologies into building designs. 
‘‘(3) STANDARDS
AND
TOOLS.—The National 
Measurement Laboratories shall develop standards 
and tools under this subsection that include software 
to assist designers in selecting alternate building 
materials, performance data on materials, artificial 
intelligence-aided design procedures for building sub-
systems and ‘smart buildings’, and improved test 
methods and rating procedures for evaluating the 
energy performance of residential and commercial 
appliances and products. 
‘‘(d) NATIONAL VOLUNTARY LABORATORY ACCREDI-
TATION PROGRAM.—The Director shall utilize the Na-
tional Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program under 
this section to establish a program to include specific cali-
bration or test standards and related methods and proto-
cols assembled to satisfy the unique needs for accredita-
tion in measuring the production of greenhouse gases. In 
carrying out this subsection the Director may cooperate 
with other departments and agencies of the Federal Gov-
ernment, State and local governments, and private organi-
zations.’’. 
SEC. 107. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFUSION. 
The Director of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology, through the Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Program, may develop a program to promote 
the use, by the more than 380,000 small manufacturers, 
of technologies and techniques that result in reduced emis-
sions of greenhouse gases or increased sequestration of 
greenhouse gases. 
SEC. 108. AGRICULTURAL OUTREACH PROGRAM. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Agriculture, act-
ing through the Global Change Program Office and in 
consultation with the heads of other appropriate depart-
ments and agencies, shall establish the Climate Change 
Education and Outreach Initiative Program to educate, 
and reach out to, agricultural organizations and individual 
farmers on global climate change. 
(b) PROGRAM COMPONENTS.—The program—