‘‘(i) is required to pay installments 
under paragraph (3) for a plan year, and 
‘‘(ii) has a liquidity shortfall for any 
quarter during such plan year. 
‘‘(C) PERIOD
OF
UNDERPAYMENT.—For 
purposes of paragraph (3)(A), any portion of an 
installment that is treated as not paid under 
subparagraph (A) shall continue to be treated 
as unpaid until the close of the quarter in 
which the due date for such installment occurs. 
‘‘(D) LIMITATION
ON
INCREASE.—If the 
amount of any required installment is increased 
by reason of subparagraph (A), in no event 
shall such increase exceed the amount which, 
when added to prior installments for the plan 
year, is necessary to increase the funding target 
attainment percentage of the plan for the plan 
year (taking into account the expected increase 
in funding target due to benefits accruing or 
earned during the plan year) to 100 percent. 
‘‘(E) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this 
subparagraph: 
‘‘(i) 
LIQUIDITY
SHORTFALL.—The 
term ‘liquidity shortfall’ means, with re-
spect to any required installment, an
amount equal to the excess (as of the last 
day of the quarter for which such install-
ment is made) of—
‘‘(I) the base amount with re-
spect to such quarter, over 
‘‘(II) the value (as of such last 
day) of the plan’s liquid assets. 
‘‘(ii) BASE AMOUNT.—
‘‘(I) IN
GENERAL.—The term 
‘base amount’ means, with respect to 
any quarter, an amount equal to 3 
times the sum of the adjusted dis-
bursements from the plan for the 12 
months ending on the last day of such 
quarter. 
‘‘(II) SPECIAL
RULE.—If the 
amount determined under subclause 
(I) exceeds an amount equal to 2 
times the sum of the adjusted dis-
bursements from the plan for the 36 
months ending on the last day of the 
quarter and an enrolled actuary cer-
tifies to the satisfaction of the Sec-
retary of the Treasury that such ex-
cess is the result of nonrecurring cir-
cumstances, the base amount with re-
spect to such quarter shall be deter-
mined without regard to amounts re-
lated 
to 
those 
nonrecurring 
cir-
cumstances. 
‘‘(iii) DISBURSEMENTS
FROM
THE 
PLAN.—The term ‘disbursements from the 
plan’ means all disbursements from the 
trust, including purchases of annuities, 
payments of single sums and other bene-
fits, and administrative expenses. 
‘‘(iv) ADJUSTED
DISBURSEMENTS.—
The term ‘adjusted disbursements’ means 
disbursements from the plan reduced by 
the product of—
‘‘(I) the plan’s funding target at-
tainment percentage for the plan year, 
and 
‘‘(II) the sum of the purchases of 
annuities, payments of single sums, 
and such other disbursements as the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall pro-
vide in regulations. 
‘‘(v) LIQUID ASSETS.—The term ‘liq-
uid assets’ means cash, marketable securi-
ties, and such other assets as specified by 
the Secretary of the Treasury in regula-
tions. 
‘‘(vi) QUARTER.—The term ‘quarter’ 
means, with respect to any required install-
ment, the 3-month period preceding the 
month in which the due date for such in-
stallment occurs. 
‘‘(F) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the 
Treasury may prescribe such regulations as are 
necessary to carry out this paragraph. 
‘‘(k) IMPOSITION
OF LIEN WHERE FAILURE
TO 
MAKE REQUIRED CONTRIBUTIONS.—
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a plan to 
which this subsection applies (as provided under 
paragraph (2)), if—
‘‘(A) any person fails to make a contribu-
tion payment required by section 302 and this 
section before the due date for such payment, 
and 
‘‘(B) the unpaid balance of such payment 
(including interest), when added to the aggre-
gate unpaid balance of all preceding such pay-
ments for which payment was not made before
the due date (including interest), exceeds 
$1,000,000, 
then there shall be a lien in favor of the plan in the 
amount determined under paragraph (3) upon all 
property and rights to property, whether real or per-
sonal, belonging to such person and any other per-
son who is a member of the same controlled group 
of which such person is a member. 
‘‘(2) PLANS TO WHICH SUBSECTION APPLIES.—
This subsection shall apply to a single-employer plan 
for any plan year for which the funding target at-
tainment percentage (as defined in subsection 
(d)(2)) of such plan is less than 100 percent. This 
subsection shall not apply to any plan to which sec-
tion 4021 does not apply (as such section is in effect 
on the date of the enactment of the Pension Protec-
tion Act of 2005). 
‘‘(3) AMOUNT OF LIEN.—For purposes of para-
graph (1), the amount of the lien shall be equal to 
the aggregate unpaid balance of contribution pay-
ments required under this section and section 302 
for which payment has not been made before the due 
date. 
‘‘(4) NOTICE OF FAILURE; LIEN.—