(b) COMPETITION ADMINISTRATION.—The Adminis-
trator shall award, on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis, 
a grant to a nonprofit organization, an institution of high-
er education, or a consortium thereof, to administer the 
pilot program under subsection (a) (in this section re-
ferred to as the ‘‘competition administrator’’). 
(c) AWARD CRITERIA.—The Administrator shall en-
sure that the award decision made under subsection (b) 
take into account the extent to which the nonprofit organi-
zation, institution of higher education, or consortium 
thereof— 
(1) identifies a plan for engaging eligible insti-
tutions from diverse geographic areas, including 
poor, rural, and Tribal communities; and 
(2) identifies a plan for connecting science, 
technology, engineering, and medicine (STEM) ac-
tivities to Administration missions and centers. 
(d) COMPETITION ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBIL-
ITIES.—In carrying out the pilot program, the competition 
administrator shall be responsible for the following: 
(1) Awarding grants to nonprofit organizations, 
institutions of higher educations, or a consortium 
thereof on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis to 
host individual competitions. 
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(2) Developing STEM curriculum to be utilized 
by the competition awardees to help students make 
the connection between such curriculum and the de-
sign, construction, and demonstration of unmanned 
aircraft systems. 
(3) Developing such curriculum to assist stu-
dents in making real-world connections to STEM 
content and educating students on the relevance and 
significance of STEM careers. 
(4) Ensuring competition awardees are sup-
porting the activities specified in subsection (f). 
(5) Conducting performance evaluations of com-
petitions, including data collection, on the following: 
(A) The number of students engaged. 
(B) Geographic and institutional diversity 
of participating schools and institutions of high-
er education. 
(6) Any other activities the Administrator finds 
necessary to ensure the competitions are successful. 
(e) ADDITIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS.—In awarding 
grants in subsection (d), the competition administrator 
shall consider applications that include a partnership with 
the State’s space grant program under chapter 403 of title 
51, United States Code. 
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(f) PERMITTED ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the 
pilot program under subsection (a), the competition ad-
ministrator shall ensure competitions occurring at both 
the high school and undergraduate levels— 
(1) allow students to design, construct, and 
demonstrate an unmanned aircraft system; 
(2) allow students to compete with other teams 
in the performance of the constructed unmanned air-
craft system; 
(3) connect to relevant missions and NASA 
Center activities of the Administration; 
(4) connect relevant STEM curriculum to the 
design, construction, and demonstration of un-
manned aircraft systems; 
(5) support activities designed to help students 
make real-world connections to STEM content and 
educate students on the relevance and significance of 
STEM careers; 
(6) are geographically dispersed in order to 
serve a broad student population, including students 
in rural and underserved communities; and 
(7) encourage, to the greatest extent prac-
ticable, the participation of students from groups 
historically underrepresented in STEM. 
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(g) REPORT
TO CONGRESS.—Not later than six 
months after the end of the pilot program under sub-
section (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appro-
priate committees of Congress a report describing the ac-
complishments, lessons learned, any challenges in the im-
plementation of the pilot program, and recommendations 
for whether to continue the pilot program. 
SEC. 511. DECADAL SURVEY FOR NATIONAL AERONAUTICS 
RESEARCH AND PRIORITIES REVIEW. 
(a) FINDING.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Engaging the science and engineering com-
munities, along with industry, through the develop-
ment of a National Academies of Science, Engineer-
ing, and Medicine decadal survey in aeronautics re-
search and development can provide a science and 
engineering community consensus on key research 
and development priorities in national civil aero-
nautics programs. 
(2) A decadal survey entails a comprehensive 
review of and strategy and priorities for civil na-
tional aeronautics research and development and 
prioritizes for the next decade. 
(3) A decadal survey for civil aeronautics re-
search and development can serve as a guiding 
framework for strategic planning and resource allo-
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cation in the field of civil aeronautics for the coming 
decade. 
(b) STUDY.—The Administrator in consultation with 
the heads of other relevant Federal Government agencies 
and in accordance with section 20305 of title 51. United 
States Code, shall seek to enter into an arrangement with 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
Medicine (in this section referred to as the ‘‘National 
Academies’’) to conduct a decadal survey of civil aero-
nautics research and development for the 2025—2035 
decade. The survey shall recommend research priorities to 
sustain United States leadership in civil aeronautics re-
search and development and support a safe and sustain-
able future for aviation. The survey may also include rec-
ommendations related to the dissemination and transition 
of such research and development to the United States 
commercial aviation and aircraft industries, to enabling 
innovation, and to ensuring a world-class workforce for 
aeronautics research and development and related United 
States commercial industries and activities. 
(c) TRANSMITTAL.—Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall sub-
mit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
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Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate the 
results of such survey, including any recommendations. 
TITLE VI—SCIENCE 
SEC. 601. MAINTAINING A BALANCED SCIENCE PORTFOLIO. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—Congress reaffirms the 
sense of Congress that— 
(1) a balanced and adequately funded set of ac-
tivities consisting of research and analysis grant pro-
grams, technology development, suborbital research 
activities, and small, medium, and large space mis-
sions, contributes to a robust and productive science 
program and serves as a catalyst for innovation and 
discovery; and 
(2) the Administrator should set NASA sci-
entific priorities by following the recommendations 
and guidance provided by the scientific community 
through the National Academies of Sciences, Engi-
neering, and Medicine decadal surveys. 
(b) POLICY.—Congress reaffirms the policy of the 
United States set forth in section 501(c) of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration Transition Author-
ization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 U.S.C. 20302 
note), which states, ‘‘It is the policy of the United States 
to ensure, to the extent practicable, a steady cadence of 
large, medium, and small science missions’’. 
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SEC. 602. EVALUATION OF SCIENCE MISSION COST-CAPS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) NASA science missions address compelling 
scientific questions prioritized by the National Acad-
emies decadal surveys, and often such missions ex-
ceed expectations in terms of performance, longevity, 
and scientific impact; 
(2) the Administrator should continue to pursue 
an ambitious science program while also seeking to 
avoid excessive cost growth, and which has the po-
tential to affect the balance across the Science port-
folio and within the Science Divisions; 
(3) audits by the NASA Inspector General and 
the Government Accountability Office have reported 
that early cost estimates for missions in the prelimi-
nary phases of conception and development are im-
mature and unreliable, and the cost of a mission 
typically is not well-understood until the project is 
further along in the development process; 
(4) cost growth of a mission beyond its early 
cost estimates is a challenge for budget planning 
and has the potential to affect other missions in the 
Science Mission Directorate portfolio, including 
through delays to future mission solicitations; and 
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(5) relying on early cost estimates made prior 
to preliminary design review for science missions 
which then experience such cost growth may 
disincentivize program and cost discipline moving 
forward. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 12 months after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress 
a review of NASA practices related to assessment and 
management of science missions subject to cost-caps. The 
review shall— 
(1) assess current cost-cap values and deter-
mine whether existing cost-cap amounts are appro-
priate for different classes of missions; 
(2) consider the effectiveness of cost-caps in 
maintaining a varied and balanced portfolio of mis-
sion types within the Science Mission Directorate; 
(3) describe the information NASA requires as 
part of a proposal submission related to project cost 
estimates and proposal compliance with cost caps, 
and assess whether such required information pro-
vides sufficient insight or confidence in the esti-
mates; 
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(4) consider NASA processes for assessing pro-
posed cost estimates and accuracy of such assess-
ments for past projects; and 
(5) for the period starting on January 1, 2000 
and ending on the date of the enactment of this 
Act— 
(A) a list of— 
(i) missions for which costs have ex-
ceeded the associated cost cap; and 
(ii) reason the mission costs exceeded 
the cost-cap; 
(B) an assessment of NASA’s role in pre-
dicting, preventing, or managing mission cost 
increases; and 
(C) a description of the impact of in-
creased mission costs beyond the cost-caps on— 
(i) the missions for which the cost-cap 
has been breached; and 
(ii) other missions within the applica-
ble division and within the Science Mission 
Directorate. 
SEC. 603. REEXAMINATION OF DECADAL SURVEYS. 
Title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
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(1) in section 20305(c) by inserting ‘‘, signifi-
cant changes to the NASA budget’’ after ‘‘growth’’; 
and 
(2) in section 30503(a), by adding at the end 
the following: ‘‘Such review shall include an assess-
ment of whether the prioritization of research and 
programmatic areas in the decadal survey should be 
reconsidered to account for significant changes to 
the NASA budget, if any.’’. 
SEC. 604. ASSESSMENT OF SCIENCE MISSION EXTENSIONS. 
Section 30504(a)(2) of title 51, United States Code, 
is amended after ‘‘the start of future missions’’ by adding 
‘‘or impacts ongoing operations of other missions within 
the division of the Science Mission Directorate.’’. 
SEC. 605. LANDSAT. 
Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall transmit a report to 
the appropriate committees of Congress— 
(1) describing the Administrator’s efforts to 
comply with the requirements outlined in section 
60134 of title 51, United States Code; 
(2) assessing what aspects of Landsat NEXT 
or any other Landsat observations— 
(A) can be provided by private sector data- 
buys or service procurements; and 
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(B) could— 
(i) meet associated science require-
ments while maintaining or exceeding the 
quality, integrity, and continuity of the 
Landsat observational capabilities and per-
formance, 
including 
requirements 
nec-
essary to ensure high-quality calibrated 
data continuity and traceability with the 
50-year Landsat data record; and 
(ii) comply with nondiscriminatory 
availability of unenhanced data and public 
archiving of data pursuant to section 
60141 and 60142 of title 51, United 
States Code, and all other relevant federal 
laws, regulations, and policies related to 
open science and data accessibility; 
(3) any potential tradeoffs or other impacts of 
subparagraph (A) or (B) that could reduce the ben-
efit of Landsat data for scientific and applied uses 
or reduce the Federal Government’s ability to make 
such data available for the widest possible use; and 
(4) recommendations and opportunities for the 
Federal Government to— 
(A) adjust science requirements to better 
reflect commercially available solutions without 
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reducing quality, integrity, and continuity of 
data; 
(B) comply with section 60141 and 60142 
of title 51, United States Code while also pro-
tecting the proprietary data and competitive-
ness of the commercial providers; 
(C) mitigate any potential tradeoffs or im-
pacts identified under paragraph (3); and 
(D) otherwise accommodate private sector 
data-buys or service procurements to further 
compliance with section 60134 of title 51, 
United States Code. 
SEC. 606. PRIVATE EARTH OBSERVATION DATA. 
(a) AMENDMENTS.—Section 18371 of title 42, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the contents of section 
18371 as subsection (a); 
(2) by inserting after subsection (a), as redesig-
nated, the following: 
‘‘(b) In updating the civil Earth observation strategic 
implementation plan pursuant to subsection (a), the Di-
rector of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
consider commercial Earth observation data, as appro-
priate, that can be purchased or accessed by the Federal 
Government to meet Earth observation requirements.’’. 
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(b) GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE RE-
PORT.—Not later than 12 months after the release of the 
next civil Earth observation strategic implementation plan 
update under section 18371(a) of title 42, United States 
Code, the Comptroller General shall report to the appro-
priate committees of Congress an assessment of the Direc-
tor of the Office of Science and Technology Policy’s imple-
mentation of 18371(b) of title 42, United States Code, 
as amended. 
SEC. 607. COMMERCIAL SATELLITE DATA. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings: 
(1) Section 60501 of title 51, United States 
Code, states that the goal for the Earth Science pro-
gram of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration (referred to in this section as ‘‘NASA’’) 
shall be to pursue a program of Earth observations, 
research, and applications activities to better under-
stand the Earth, how it supports life, and how 
human activities affect its ability to do so in the fu-
ture. 
(2) Section 50115 of title 51, United States 
Code, states that the Administrator of NASA shall, 
to the extent possible and while satisfying the sci-
entific or educational requirements of NASA, and 
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where appropriate, of other Federal agencies and 
scientific researchers, acquire, where cost effective, 
space-based and airborne commercial Earth remote 
sensing data, services, distribution, and applications 
from a commercial provider. 
(3) The Administrator of NASA established the 
Commercial SmallSat Data Acquisition Pilot Pro-
gram in 2019 to identify, validate, and acquire from 
commercial sources data that support the Earth 
science research and application goals. 
(4) The Administrator of NASA has— 
(A) determined that the pilot program de-
scribed in paragraph (3) has been a success, as 
described in the final evaluation entitled ‘‘Com-
mercial SmallSat Data Acquisition Program 
Pilot Evaluation Report’’ issued in 2020; 
(B) established a formal process for evalu-
ating and onboarding new commercial vendors 
in such pilot program; 
(C) increased the number of commercial 
vendors and commercial data products available 
through such pilot program; and 
(D) expanded procurement arrangements 
with commercial vendors to broaden user access 
to provide commercial Earth remote sensing 
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data and imagery to federally funded research-
ers. 
(b) COMMERCIAL SATELLITE DATA ACQUISITION 
PROGRAM.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Chapter 603 of title 51, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘§ 60307. Commercial satellite data acquisition pro-
gram 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall estab-
lish within the Earth Science Division of the Science Mis-
sion Directorate a program to acquire and disseminate 
cost-effective and appropriate commercial Earth remote 
sensing data and imagery in order to satisfy the scientific, 
operational, and educational requirements of the Adminis-
tration, and where appropriate, of other Federal agencies 
and scientific researchers to augment or complement the 
suite of Earth observations acquired by the Administra-
tion, other United States Government agencies, and inter-
national partners. 
‘‘(b) DATA PUBLICATION AND TRANSPARENCY.—The 
terms and conditions of commercial Earth remote sensing 
data and imagery acquisitions under the program de-
scribed in subsection (a) shall not prevent— 
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‘‘(1) the publication of commercial data or im-
agery for scientific purposes; or 
‘‘(2) the publication of information that is de-
rived from, incorporates, or enhances the original 
commercial data or imagery of a vendor. 
‘‘(c) AUTHORIZATION.—In carrying out the program 
under this section, the Administrator may— 
‘‘(1) procure the commercial Earth remote 
sensing data and imagery from commercial vendors 
to advance scientific research and applications in ac-
cordance with subsection (a); 
‘‘(2) establish or modify end-use license terms 
and conditions to allow for the use of procured com-
mercial Earth remote sensing data and imagery by 
individuals other than NASA-funded users, con-
sistent with the goals of the program; and 
‘‘(3) as practicable, procure commercial Earth 
remote sensing data and imagery from commercial 
vendors to support— 
‘‘(A) nonscientific applications; and 
‘‘(B) nonmilitary activities of Federal 
agencies. 
‘‘(d) UNITED STATES VENDORS.—Commercial Earth 
remote sensing data and imagery referred to in sub-
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sections (a) and (c) shall, to the maximum extent prac-
ticable, be procured from United States vendors. 
‘‘(e) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this section and annually there-
after, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives a report that includes the fol-
lowing information regarding the agreements, vendors, li-
cense terms, and uses of commercial Earth remote sensing 
data and imagery under this section: 
‘‘(1)(A) In the case of the initial report, a list 
of all agreements that are providing commercial 
Earth remote sensing data and imagery to NASA as 
of the date of the report. 
‘‘(B) For each subsequent report, a list of all 
agreements that have provided commercial Earth re-
mote sensing data and imagery to NASA during the 
reporting period. 
‘‘(2) A description of the end-use license terms 
and conditions for each such vendor. 
‘‘(3) A description of the manner in which each 
such agreement is advancing scientific research and 
applications, including priorities recommended by 
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the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine decadal surveys. 
‘‘(4) Information specifying whether the Admin-
istrator has entered into an agreement with a com-
mercial vendor or a Federal agency that permits the 
use of data and imagery by Federal Government em-
ployees, contractors, or non-Federal users.’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of con-
tents for chapter 603 of title 51, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item: 
‘‘60307. Commercial Satellite Data Acquisition Program.’’. 
SEC. 608. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MEASUREMENTS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) observation and measurement of greenhouse 
gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are of 
critical importance to understand the sources of 
these emissions; 
(2) additional tools can improve the precise de-
tection of methane leaks from natural gas lines and 
production facilities to reduce economic losses and to 
reduce unintentional release of this potent green-
house gas; 
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(3) observation of such gases is best accom-
plished with a combination of space-based and 
ground-based instruments; 
(4) in 2022, NASA cancelled the Geostationary 
Carbon Cycle Observatory, a competitively selected, 
Principal Investigator-led instrument under develop-
ment that is designed to make space-based observa-
tions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, 
carbon monoxide, and methane, as well as vegetation 
health over the western hemisphere from geo-
synchronous orbit; and 
(5) in 2023, the Geostationary Carbon Cycle 
Observatory PI-led project team delivered an 
unvalidated instrument assembly and flight spares to 
NASA as part of the project closeout activities. 
(b) HARDWARE.— 
(1) The Administrator shall assess the hard-
ware and, to the maximum extent practicable, seek 
to validate the instrument delivered to the Adminis-
tration under the contract for the development of 
GeoCarb, which shall include an assessment of capa-
bilities of the delivered hardware, including potential 
repurposed uses or science contributions. 
(2) The Administrator, within 6 months of the 
date of the enactment of this Act, shall provide a re-
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port to the appropriate committees of Congress re-
garding the results of the assessment conducted pur-
suant to paragraph (1) and if appropriate based on 
the assessment, a list of potential launch opportuni-
ties, including cost and schedule associated with 
such opportunities. 
(c) STRATEGY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator, in consultation with the National Oceanic 
and Atmospheric Administration, the National Insti-
tute of Standards and Technology, and other rel-
evant agencies, shall enter into an agreement with 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, 
and Medicine to develop a science-based strategy to 
assess and evaluate the use of present and future 
greenhouse gas monitoring and detection capabili-
ties, including ground-based, airborne, and space- 
based sensors and integration of data relating to 
such monitoring and detection from other indicators, 
to detect large methane emission events (commonly 
referred to as ‘‘methane super-emitters’’). 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The strategy described in 
subsection (a) shall include the following elements: 
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(A) Development of a proposed definition 
for the term ‘‘methane super-emitter’’. 
(B) Examination of whether and how cur-
rent and planned Federal greenhouse gas moni-
toring and detection capabilities may be lever-
aged to monitor and detect methane super- 
emitters, and identify key gaps in such capabili-
ties. 
(C) Examination of the effectiveness of the 
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center and Greenhouse 
Gas Monitoring and Measurement Interagency 
Working Group in facilitating interagency col-
laboration for greenhouse gas monitoring and 
detection, data standards, stewardship, and 
data integration, including activities related to 
monitoring 
and 
detecting 
methane 
super- 
emitters. 
(D) Examination of actions taken by Fed-
eral agencies and departments in response to 
the National Strategy to Advance an Integrated 
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Moni-
toring, and Information System, including 
progress towards pathways to enhance the sci-
entific and operational value of information re-
garding methane super-emitters. 
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(E) Consideration of options for the Fed-
eral Government to partner with nongovern-
mental entities, including State and local gov-
ernments, academia, nonprofit organizations, 
commercial industry, and international organi-
zations, to effectively leverage greenhouse gas 
monitoring and detection capabilities to monitor 
and detect methane super-emitters. 
(F) Consideration of options for the Fed-
eral Government to validate and verify tech-
nologies and data developed or collects by non-
governmental entities, academia, nonprofit or-
ganizations, commercial industry, and inter-
national organizations related to monitoring 
and detecting methane super-emitters. 
(G) Recommendations regarding the activi-
ties under subparagraphs (A) through (F), as 
appropriate. 
(d) USE OF STRATEGY.—The Administrator may use 
the strategy described in subsection (a) to inform the plan-
ning of research and development activities regarding 
greenhouse gas monitoring and detection, including meth-
ane super-emitters. 
(e) REPORT.—Not later than 18 months after the 
date of the execution of the agreement between the Admin-
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istrator and the National Academies of Sciences, Engi-
neering, and Medicine under subsection (a), the National 
Academies shall submit to the Administrator, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the 
strategy described in subsection (a). 
(f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) GREENHOUSE GAS MONITORING AND DE-
TECTION.—The term ‘‘greenhouse gas monitoring 
and detection’’ means the direct observation, from 
space or in-situ, or collection of measurement data 
pertaining to, greenhouse gas emissions and levels. 
(2) GEOCARB.—The term ‘‘GeoCarb’’ shall 
mean the Geostationary Carbon Cycle Observatory. 
SEC. 609. NASA DATA FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) NASA has decades of experience in space- 
based scientific Earth observations and measure-
ments, including data, trends and modeling. 
(2) NASA Earth science data, which includes 
data 
on 
precipitation, 
temperature, 
evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and vegetation 
health, has been used to inform the decisionmaking 
of agricultural producers and aid. 
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(3) NASA applies its scientific data and models 
to inform and support the agricultural community 
and engages in innovative collaborations such as the 
NASA Acres and NASA Harvest agricultural con-
sortia. 
(4) NASA uses space-based Earth observations 
and science and applications to support farmers in 
efforts to conserve water and other resources, im-
prove farm management and crop yield, and facili-
tate the stability of the national food supply. 
(5) NASA’s upcoming Earth System Observ-
atory will benefit the agricultural community by im-
proving observations critical for measuring and un-
derstanding cropland conditions, water availability, 
early onset crop disease, soil moisture, and other 
crop and rangeland management indicators. 
(6) Increased engagement between NASA and 
the agricultural community can support agricultural 
producers, bolster the national food supply, and im-
prove agricultural research, science, and technology. 
(b) DATA DISSEMINATION.—NASA shall continue to 
partner with other relevant Federal agencies, as prac-
ticable, to disseminate water, soil, vegetation, land-use, 
and other relevant NASA Earth observation and science 
data, information and tools to support American agricul-
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tural producers. Such partnerships may include activities 
such as— 
(1) continuing the leverage NASA Earth 
science water data and information to enable effi-
cient use of resources, inform irrigation decisions, 
and support local innovation and control of water 
management; 
(2) supporting agriculture decisionmaking by 
increasing the accessibility and useability of NASA 
Earth science data, information, and tools relevant 
to the impact of disease, weather, precipitation, and 
other environmental factors on agricultural produc-
tion; or 
(3) making available NASA earth science meas-
urements and data to advance precision agricultural 
capabilities relevant to the needs and requirements 
of agriculture producers. 
(c) COMMERCIAL.—In conducting the activities in 
subsection (b), the Administrator shall ensure that 
NASA’s provision of such Earth science data, information 
and tools does not compete with United States private sec-
tor commercial providers. 
(d) APPLICATION OF SPACE-BASED DATA.—The Ad-
ministrator shall further the goal for the NASA’s Earth 
science and applications program of securing practical 
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benefits for society, as set forth in section 60501 of title 
51, United States Code, by continuing to collaborate with 
relevant federal agencies to develop mechanisms to transi-
tion, as appropriate, relevant NASA Earth science re-
search findings, data, information, models, and capabili-
ties to operational governmental and private sector entities 
focused on addressing the needs of the agricultural user 
community. 
(e) PARTNERING.—In carrying out subsections (b) 
and (d), NASA shall, to the extent practicable and in col-
laboration with other relevant Federal agencies, where ap-
propriate, continue to engage State and local government 
agencies, institutions of higher education, agriculture pro-
ducer organizations, and other relevant stakeholder and 
user communities from the public and private sectors to 
improve dissemination of NASA Earth science data, infor-
mation, and tools relevant to the needs of agricultural pro-
ducers and the agriculture industry, in accordance with 
the goal for the Administration’s Earth science and appli-
cations program set forth in section 60501 of title 51, 
United States Code, and relevant recommendations of the 
most recent decadal survey on Earth science and applica-
tions from space. 
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SEC. 610. PLANETARY SCIENCE PORTFOLIO. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) planetary science missions advance the sci-
entific understanding of the solar system and the 
place of humans in it while also advancing the de-
sign and operations of spacecraft and robotic engi-
neering; and 
(2) Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship 
programs allow NASA to fund a range of missions 
that vary in size, cost, and complexity; maintaining 
balance across these mission classes allows for a 
broad scope of discoveries and scientific advances. 
(b)(1) MISSION PRIORITIES REAFFIRMATION.—Con-
gress reaffirms the direction in section 502(b)(1) of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Transi-
tion Authorization Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–10; 51 
U.S.C. 20302 note) that, in accordance with the priorities 
established in the most recent Planetary Science Decadal 
Survey, The Administrator shall ensure, to the greatest 
extent possible, the completion of a balanced set of Dis-
covery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions at the ca-
dence recommended by the most recent Planetary Science 
Decadal Survey. 
(2) ADJUSTMENTS.—Consistent with the set of mis-
sions described in paragraph (1), and while maintaining 
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the continuity of scientific data and steady development 
of capabilities and technologies, the Administrator may 
seek, if necessary, adjustments to mission priorities, 
schedule, and scope in light of changing budget projec-
tions. 
(c) PLANETARY MISSION CADENCE.—Beginning in 
fiscal year 2026, the Administrator should seek, to the 
maximum extent practicable, to maintain a launch cadence 
of 36 months for missions in the Discovery Program and 
60 months for the New Frontiers Program. 
SEC. 611. PLANETARY DEFENSE. 
(a) Section 18387 of title 41, United States Code, 
is amended in subsection (b) by striking ‘‘implement be-
fore September 30, 2012,’’ and inserting ‘‘, in coordina-
tion with the NASA Administrator, maintain and regu-
larly update’’. 
(b) Title 51, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in section 71103— 
(A) in the section heading, by striking 
‘‘Developing 
policy 
and 
recom-
mending’’ and inserting ‘‘Policy on near- 
Earth objects and’’ 
(B) by striking ‘‘Within 2 years after Oc-
tober 15, 2008, the’’ and inserting ‘‘The’’; 
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(C) after ‘‘Policy shall’’, by inserting ‘‘, in 
coordination with the Administrator, maintain 
and regularly update’’; 
(D) by striking ‘‘(1) develop’’; and 
(E) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘rec-
ommend’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘recommendations 
for’’; and 
(2) in chapter 711— 
(A) by adding the following: 
‘‘SEC. 71105. PLANETARY DEFENSE COORDINATION OFFICE. 
‘‘(a) OFFICE.—As directed in section 10825 of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Author-
ization Act of 2022 (Public Law 117–167), the Adminis-
trator shall maintain an office within the Planetary 
Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate to be 
known as the ‘Planetary Defense Coordination Office’. 
‘‘(b) RESPONSIBILITIES.—Consistent with the direc-
tion in section 10825 of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022 (Public 
Law 117–167) the Planetary Defense Coordination Office 
under subsection (a) shall— 
‘‘(1) plan, develop, and implement a program to 
survey threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to 
or grater than 140 meters in diameter, as required 
by section 321(d)(1) of the National Aeronautics 
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and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109–155; 119 Stat. 2922; 51 U.S.C. 
71101 note prec.); 
‘‘(2) identify, track, and characterize potentially 
hazardous near-Earth objects, issue warnings of the 
effects of potential impacts of such objects, and in-
vestigate strategies and technologies for mitigating 
the potential impacts of such objects; and 
‘‘(3) assist in coordinating government planning 
for a response to a potential impact of a near-Earth 
objects.’’. 
(B) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for chapter 711 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new item: 
‘‘71105. Planetary Defense Coordination Office.’’. 
SEC. 612. LUNAR DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall carry 
out, within the Science Mission Directorate, a program to 
accomplish science objectives for the Moon, with an orga-
nizational structure that aligns responsibility, authority, 
and accountability, as recommended by the most recent 
decadal survey for planetary science and astrobiology. 
(b) OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS.—In carrying 
out the program in subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
direct the Science Mission Directorate, in consultation 
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with the Exploration Systems Development Mission Direc-
torate and the Space Technology Mission Directorate, to 
define high-priority lunar science objectives informed by 
decadal and other scientific consensus recommendations, 
and related requirements of an integrated Artemis science 
strategy for human and robotic missions to the Moon. 
(c) INSTRUMENTATION.—The program in subsection 
(a) should assess the need for and facilitate the develop-
ment of instrumentation to support the scientific explo-
ration of the Moon. 
SEC. 613. COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Administrator’s encouragement and 
support for commercial services for lunar surface de-
livery capabilities and other related services serves 
the national interest; and 
(2) commercial providers benefit from an ap-
proach that places low-cost, noncritical instruments 
on initial deliveries using small- and medium-size 
landers before proceeding to larger landers for more 
complex payloads. 
(b) COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES.—The 
Administrator is authorized to establish a Commercial 
Lunar Payload Services program within the Science Mis-
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sion Directorate for the purposes of procuring, from one 
or more United States private sector commercial service 
providers, as defined in section 203(c) of this Act, services 
for delivery of NASA science payloads, and the payloads 
of other NASA mission directorates, as appropriate and 
practicable, to the lunar surface. 
(c) RELATIONSHIP
TO
OTHER
MISSION
DIREC-
TORATES.—A Mission Directorate outside of the Science 
Mission Directorate that seeks to obtain commercial lunar 
payload services under the program established in sub-
section (b) shall provide funding for— 
(1) any payload, instrument or other item spon-
sored by the Mission Directorate for delivery 
through the program; and 
(2) the cost of the commercial lunar payload 
services obtained by the Science Mission Directorate 
on behalf of the outside Mission Directorate. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION.—In implementing any such 
activities pursuant to subsection (b), the Administrator 
shall— 
(1) conduct updated market research on the 
commercial lunar economy and identify any changes 
since the last market analysis; 
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(2) assess NASA’s needs from and role in and 
contribution to the commercial lunar delivery mar-
ket; 
(3) based on such needs identified in paragraph 
(2), assess the effectiveness of the task order ap-
proach in advancing commercial development of 
lunar delivery services, including an assessment of 
the appropriate number of providers necessary to 
support NASA commercial lunar delivery needs, and 
identify any challenges and recommendations for im-
provement; and 
(4) strengthen procedures related to the selec-
tion, manifesting, interfaces, and requirements of 
payloads and other relevant factors that could con-
tribute to minimizing future NASA-directed changes 
to projects following commercial lunar payload serv-
ice contract awards. 
(e) MANAGEMENT PLAN.—Not later than 90 days 
from the date of the enactment of this Act, the Adminis-
trator shall, informed by the activities conducted under 
subsection (c), prepare and implement a management plan 
with clear leadership authority and responsibility for the 
program authorized in subsection (b). 
(f) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 180 days from the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
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brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the imple-
mentation of the management plan in subsection (d). 
(g) COORDINATION.—The Administrator shall ensure 
coordination between Science Mission Directorate, other 
Mission Directorates, and the Moon to Mars Program on 
the administration of the program in subsection (b) to en-
sure alignment of goals for lunar delivery services. 
SEC. 614. PLANETARY AND LUNAR OPERATIONS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) existing NASA lunar and Martian orbital 
missions are operating well beyond their planned 
mission lifespans; 
(2) the United States relies on these aging mis-
sions for observations, communications relay, and 
other operations to support critical NASA missions; 
and 
(3) the United States plans to increase its ac-
tivities on and around both the Moon and Mars in 
coming years. 
(b) PLAN.—The Administrator shall develop a plan 
to ensure continuity of operations and sufficient observa-
tional and operational capabilities on and around the 
Moon and Mars necessary to continue to enable a robust 
science program and human exploration program for the 
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Moon and Mars well into the future. Such plan shall con-
sider opportunities to engage both private and inter-
national partners in future operations. 
SEC. 615. MARS SAMPLE RETURN. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall, subject 
to the availability of appropriations, lead a Mars Sample 
Return program to enable the return to Earth of scientif-
ically-selected samples from the surface of Mars for study 
in terrestrial laboratories, consistent with the rec-
ommendations of the National Academies decadal surveys 
for planetary science. 
(b) APPROACH.—The Administrator shall pursue the 
program in subsection (a) on a timeline and in a manner 
necessary to— 
(1) Sustain United States leadership in the sci-
entific exploration of Mars; 
(2) maintain NASA capabilities to land and op-
erate robotic spacecraft on the surface of Mars; 
(3) preserve the unique and long-term institu-
tional expertise related to operations on the Martian 
surface; and 
(4) maintain a balanced and robust planetary 
science division portfolio within current budget levels 
without significant increases. 
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(c) IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN.—The Administrator 
shall, as soon as practicable and no later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, transmit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a plan and timeline 
for the implementation of a Mars Sample Return program 
pursuant to this section with the goal of enabling the high-
est scientific return for the resources invested. Such plan 
shall include a design and mission architecture and estab-
lish realistic cost and schedule estimates to enable such 
goal. 
SEC. 616. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SERVICING. 
Not later than 90 days from the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit a report 
to the appropriate committees of Congress that includes 
the results of any study or studies conducted in the last 
five years regarding the technical feasibility of using pri-
vate sector capabilities to extend science operations of or 
safely reboost the Hubble Space Telescope. 
SEC. 617. GREAT OBSERVATORIES MISSION AND TECH-
NOLOGY MATURATION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) Space-based telescopes known as NASA’s 
Great Observatories have enabled major scientific 
advances across a broad range of astrophysics dis-
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ciplines and have significantly furthered our under-
standing of the universe and the stars and galaxies 
within; 
(2) NASA has previously faced challenges in 
meeting cost and schedule requirements for major 
Astrophysics missions, including the James Webb 
Space Telescope; and 
(3) the Astrophysics division would benefit from 
a focused effort to mature large-scale space-based 
mission concepts and technologies prior to ultimate 
implementation. 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Administrator may es-
tablish, within an Astrophysics program, a Great Observ-
atories Mission and Technology Maturation project (re-
ferred to in this section as a ‘‘Project’’) to mature the 
large-scale space-based mission concepts and technologies 
needed for a future mission within the program, as in-
formed by the recommendations of the most recent 
decadal survey in astronomy and astrophysics. 
(c) ACTIVITIES.—A project established under sub-
section (b) shall inform the design and development of fu-
ture large-scale space-based missions within an Astro-
physics program by conducting activities which may in-
clude— 
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(1) assessing the appropriate scope for any fu-
ture mission; 
(2) determining the range of capabilities and 
technology readiness of such capabilities needed for 
a mission; 
(3) informing the development and maturation 
of science and technologies needed for such mission; 
and 
(4) assessing technology readiness to inform 
mission planning. 
(d) COSTS.—The independent life-cycle cost estimate 
conducted under section 30307 of title 51, United States 
Code, as amended by this Act, for a large-scale space- 
based mission resulting from successful completion of a 
Project established under subsection (b) shall include an 
accounting of all costs spent on maturation of the mission 
through such Project. 
(e) REPORT.—Starting on February 1, 2025, and 
continuing annually thereafter, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on the progress and impacts of any Projects established 
under subsection (b) within Astrophysics programs. 
SEC. 618. NANCY GRACE ROMAN TELESCOPE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall continue 
development of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 
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as directed in subsection 10823(b) of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 
2022 (Public Law 117–167). 
(b) NOTIFICATION.—The Administrator shall notify 
the appropriate committees of Congress if the amount of 
life-cycle funding for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Tele-
scope program exceeds $4,000,000,000. 
(c) INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS.—NASA shall 
solicit international participation on the Nancy Grace 
Roman Space Telescope program to increase scientific re-
turn and maximize investment. 
SEC. 619. CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY. 
The Administrator shall, to the greatest extent prac-
ticable, take no action to reduce or otherwise preclude con-
tinuation of the science operations of the Chandra X-Ray 
Telescope prior to the completion and consideration of the 
earlier of the next triennial review of mission extensions 
for the Astrophysics division conducted pursuant to sec-
tion 30504 of title 51, United States Code, or NASA’s 
ongoing operations paradigm change review. 
SEC. 620. HELIOPHYSICS RESEARCH. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) NASA heliophysics research advances the 
scientific understanding of the Sun, its impact on 
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the Earth and near-Earth environment, and the 
Sun’s interactions with other bodies in the solar sys-
tem, the interplanetary medium, and the interstellar 
medium; 
(2) fundamental science supported by the 
Heliophysics division is critical to improving space 
weather observations forecasting capabilities, which 
contribute to— 
(A) fortifying national security and other 
critically important space-based and ground- 
based assets; 
(B) improving the resilience of the Na-
tion’s energy infrastructure; and 
(C) protecting human health in space; and 
(3) the Heliophysics Division should continue to 
maximize the scientific return on investment of its 
portfolio through maintaining a balanced portfolio 
that includes research and analysis, including multi-
disciplinary research initiatives, technology develop-
ment, space-based missions and suborbital flight 
projects that include both directed and strategic mis-
sions and principal investigator-led, competitively so-
licited missions, informed by the science priorities 
and guidance of the most recent decadal survey in 
solar and space physics. 
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(b) PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.—The Administrator 
shall— 
(1) maintain an Explorer Announcement of Op-
portunity cadence of two year and shall alternate be-
tween small and mid-sized missions; 
(2) enable a regular selection of Missions of Op-
portunity; 
(3) restructure the Solar Terrestrial Probes 
program as a cost-capped competitively selected line 
of moderate-scale principal investigator led missions; 
and 
(4) request information regarding commercial 
services potentially able to continue or improve 
heliophysics research efforts. 
SEC. 621. STUDY ON COMMERCIAL SPACE WEATHER DATA. 
(a) STUDY.—The Administrator, in consultation with 
the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, shall conduct a study of whether 
commercially-available data could advance space weather 
research. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The study shall include— 
(1) an assessment of commercial capabilities 
useable and commercial data suitable to obtain space 
weather data that meets or exceeds the science and 
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technical standards and requirements of the Admin-
istration, including— 
(A) data that is generated or able to be 
generated by commercial providers; 
(B) commercially available small space-
craft; 
(C) opportunities for hosted NASA pay-
loads on commercial spacecraft; and 
(D) commercial solutions for data proc-
essing applicable to space weather science; 
(2) recommendations and opportunities for the 
Federal Government to adjust science requirements 
to better reflect commercially available solutions for 
space weather data without reducing quality of data 
or to otherwise accommodate private sector data- 
buys or service procurements; and 
(3) options, where appropriate, for potential 
partnerships or use of NASA prize authority and 
competitions, as appropriate and practicable, to ob-
tain access to such data identified in paragraph (1) 
that— 
(A) meet or exceed the science and tech-
nical standards and requirements of the Admin-
istration; 
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100 
(B) may fill gaps or supplement NASA 
space-based heliophysics observations and meas-
urement for advancing space weather research; 
and 
(C) are not duplicative of activities con-
ducted pursuant to chapter 606 of title 51, 
United States Code. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 270 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall transmit 
a report to the appropriate committees of Congress con-
taining the results of the study provided under subsection 
(a). 
SEC. 622. GEOSPACE DYNAMICS CONSTELLATION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission 
could enable scientific discoveries that will transform un-
derstanding of the processes that govern the dynamics of 
the Earth’s upper atmospheric envelope that surrounds 
and protects the planet. 
(b) ASSESSMENT.—Not later than September 5, 
2024, The Administrator shall transmit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report including— 
(1) the schedule and budget profile to launch 
the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission by the 
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101 
end of the decade to fulfill the recommendations of 
the heliophysics decadal survey; 
(2) challenges in execution of the Geospace Dy-
namics Constellation mission; and 
(3) consideration of whether there is a techno-
logically feasible commercially-available alternative 
to obtain similar data, and the associated costs. 
TITLE VII—STEM EDUCATION 
SEC. 701. NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOW-
SHIP PROGRAM. 
(a) AMENDMENTS.—Title 51, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in section 40303, by striking subsections (d) 
and (e); 
(2) in section 40304— 
(A) by striking subsection (c) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(c) SOLICITATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Administrator shall 
issue a solicitation from space grant consortia for 
the award of grants or contracts under this section 
at the conclusion of the award cycle for fiscal Year 
2020 to 2024. The Administrator shall implement 
the allocation guidance from section 40304(e) during 
each fiscal year covered by the award cycle. 
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‘‘(2) PROPOSALS.—A lead institution of a space 
grant consortium that seeks a grant or contract 
under this section shall submit, on behalf of such 
space grant consortium, an application to the Ad-
ministrator at such time and in such manner and 
accompanied by such information as the Adminis-
trator may require. 
‘‘(3) AWARDS.—The Administrator shall award 
1 or more multi-year grants or contracts, disbursed 
in annual installments, to the lead institution of an 
eligible space grant consortium of— 
‘‘(A) each of the 50 States of the United 
States; 
‘‘(B) the District of Columbia; and 
‘‘(C) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.’’; 
and 
(B) by inserting after subsection (d) the 
following: 
‘‘(e) ALLOCATION OF FUNDING.— 
‘‘(1) PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—To carry out the pur-
poses set forth in section 40301 of this title, 
each fiscal year, of the funds appropriated for 
this program of that fiscal year, the Adminis-
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trator shall allocate not less than 85 percent 
among eligible space grant consortia as follows: 
‘‘(i) The space grant consortia identi-
fied in paragraph 40304(c)(3) shall each 
receive an equal share. 
‘‘(ii) The territories of Guam and the 
U.S. Virgin Islands shall each receive 
funds equal to one-fifth of the share for 
each space grant consortium. 
‘‘(2) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Each fiscal year, of 
the funds made available for the National Space 
Grant College and Fellowship Program, the Ad-
ministrator shall allocate not more than 10 per-
cent for the administration of the program. 
‘‘(B) COSTS
COVERED.—The funds allo-
cated under paragraph (1)(A) of this section 
shall cover all costs of the Administration asso-
ciated with the administration of the National 
Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, 
including— 
‘‘(i) direct costs to the program, in-
cluding costs relating to support services 
and civil service salaries and benefits; 
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‘‘(ii) indirect general and administra-
tive costs of centers and facilities of the 
Administration; and 
‘‘(iii) indirect general and administra-
tive costs of the Administration head-
quarters. 
‘‘(3) SPECIAL
OPPORTUNITIES.—Each fiscal 
year, of the funds made available for the National 
Space Grant College and Fellowship program, the 
Administrator shall allocate not more than 5 percent 
to lead institutions of Space Grant Consortia for 
grants to carry out innovative approaches and pro-
grams to further science and education relating to 
the missions of the Administration pursuant to sub-
section (b).’’. 
(b) REVIEW.—The Administrator shall make ar-
rangements for an independent external review of the Na-
tional Space Grant College and Fellowship Program to— 
(1) evaluate its management, accomplishments, 
approach to funding allocation as described in sec-
tion 40303(e) of title 51, United States Code, and 
responsiveness to the purposes and goals defined in 
chapter 403 of title 51, United States Code; and 
(2) propose any statutory updates that may be 
needed to implement recommendations of the review. 
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(c) REPORT.—Not later than nine months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
transmit a report on the independent external review of 
the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Pro-
gram described in subsection (a) to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate. 
TITLE VIII—POLICY/NASA 
SEC. 801. MAJOR PROGRAMS. 
Section 30104 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended in subsection (a)(1) by striking ‘‘7120.5E, dated 
August 14, 2012’’ and inserting ‘‘7120.5F, dated August 
3, 2021’’. 
SEC. 802. NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL. 
Section 20113(g) of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended by adding ‘‘and Congress’’ after ‘‘advice to the 
Administration’’. 
SEC. 803. NASA ASSESSMENT OF EARLY COST ESTIMATES. 
Not later than 12 months after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall transmit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a review of the 
development, application, and assessment of early cost es-
timates made prior to preliminary design review for NASA 
missions. The review shall include— 
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(1) an assessment of the processes that NASA 
uses to— 
(A) form early-stage cost estimates; 
(B) evaluate costs associated with pro-
posals for missions; and 
(C) 
monitor 
and 
manage 
estimates 
throughout execution of program; 
(2) an assessment of any other relevant proc-
esses that NASA uses to estimate the costs of mis-
sions, including directed and competitively selected, 
principal-investigator-led Science Mission Direc-
torate missions, during the early phases of mission 
development, prior to setting an Agency Baseline 
Commitment, and NASA’s application of such cost 
estimates in the management of its programs; 
(3) for the period starting on January 1, 2000, 
and ending on the date of the enactment of this Act, 
a list of— 
(A) missions costing over $250,000,000 
and the associated cost estimate at proposal; 
(B) changes to the cost estimates from for-
mulation to implementation to final cost; 
(C) patterns in factors contributing to 
changes in cost estimates; and 
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(D) lessons learned from missions with ac-
curate cost estimates; and 
(4) any such recommendations that the Comp-
troller General determines are appropriate. 
SEC. 804. INDEPENDENT COST ESTIMATE. 
Section 30307 of title 51, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘anal-
ysis’’ and inserting ‘‘estimate’’; and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Before any funds may be 
obligated for implementation’’ and inserting 
‘‘After the Administrator completes the prelimi-
nary design review’’; 
(B) by striking ‘‘analysis’’ and inserting 
‘‘estimate’’; and 
(C) by inserting after the first sentence, 
‘‘No funds may be obligated for implementation 
of the project before the Administrator reports 
the results of the life-cycle cost estimate to 
Congress.’’. 
SEC. 805. OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY 
REPORT. 
Not later than January 1, 2025, and annually there-
after, the Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy shall 
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bilities to foster the competitive and innovative de-
velopment of such activities. 
(b) AMENDMENT.—Section 20102(c) of title 51, 
United States code is amended by striking subsection (c) 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(c) UNITED STATES PRIVATE SECTOR USE OF AND 
HUMAN PRESENCE IN SPACE.—Congress declares that 
the general welfare of the United States requires that the 
Administration seek and encourage, to the maximum ex-
tent possible, the fullest commercial use of space, includ-
ing by facilitating the expansion of the United States pri-
vate sector use of and human presence in Earth orbit, 
cislunar space, and beyond.’’. 
Æ 
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