bon capture technologies for power systems; 
and 
‘‘(B) test technologies that represent the 
scale of technology development beyond labora-
tory testing, but not yet advanced to testing 
under operational conditions at commercial 
scale. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION.—An entity seeking to oper-
ate a Center under this subsection shall submit to 
the Secretary an application at such time and in 
such manner as the Secretary may require. 
‘‘(4) CRITERIA.—In selecting applications to 
operate the Centers under this subsection, the Sec-
retary shall prioritize applicants that meet one or 
more of the following criteria: 
‘‘(A) Applicants with access to existing or 
planned research facilities with modular tech-
nology capabilities. 
‘‘(B) Institutions of higher education with 
established expertise in engineering and design 
for carbon capture technologies, or partnerships 
with such institutions. 
‘‘(C) Applicants with access to existing re-
search and test facilities for pre-combustion, 
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post-combustion, 
or 
oxy-combustion 
tech-
nologies. 
‘‘(D) Applicants with test capabilities to 
address scaling challenges of integrating carbon 
capture technologies with utility scale power 
plants. 
‘‘(5) CONSIDERATIONS.—In awarding funds for 
the operation of the Centers under this subsection, 
the Secretary shall ensure that— 
‘‘(A) the portfolio of Centers includes a di-
verse representation of regional and resource 
characteristics; and 
‘‘(B) each new Center established using 
such funds demonstrates unique research capa-
bilities, unique regional benefits, or new tech-
nology development opportunities. 
‘‘(6) SCHEDULE.—Each grant to operate a 
Center under this subsection shall be awarded for a 
term of not more than 5 years, subject to the avail-
ability of appropriations. The Secretary may renew 
such 5-year term without limit, subject to a rigorous 
merit review. 
‘‘(7) COST SHARING.—The Secretary shall re-
quire cost sharing under this subsection in accord-
ance with section 988. 
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‘‘(8) TERMINATION.—To the extent otherwise 
authorized by law, the Secretary may eliminate a 
Center during any 5-year term described in para-
graph (6) if such Center is underperforming. 
‘‘(f) DEMONSTRATIONS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary may fund 
large-scale demonstration projects for power systems 
that test the scale of technology necessary to gain 
the operational data needed to understand the tech-
nical and performance risks of the technology before 
the application of the technology at commercial 
scale, in accordance with this subsection. 
‘‘(2) ENGINEERING
AND
DESIGN
STUDIES.— 
The Secretary is authorized to fund front-end engi-
neering and design studies in addition to, or in ad-
vance of, issuing an award for a demonstration 
project under this subsection. 
‘‘(3) APPLICATION.—An entity seeking an 
award to conduct a demonstration project under this 
subsection shall submit to the Secretary an applica-
tion at such time and in such manner as the Sec-
retary may require. 
‘‘(4) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary shall only 
provide an award under this subsection after review-
ing each applicant and application regarding— 
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‘‘(A) financial strength; 
‘‘(B) construction schedule; 
‘‘(C) market risk; and 
‘‘(D) contractor history. 
‘‘(5) REQUIREMENTS.—A demonstration project 
funded under this subsection shall— 
‘‘(A) utilize technologies that have com-
pleted pilot-scale testing or the equivalent, as 
determined by the Secretary; 
‘‘(B) secure and maintain agreements for 
the utilization or sequestration of captured car-
bon dioxide; and 
‘‘(C) upon completion, demonstrate carbon 
capture technologies on a power system pro-
ducing not less than 100 megawatts of power. 
‘‘(6) COST SHARING.—The Secretary shall re-
quire cost sharing under this subsection in accord-
ance with section 988. 
‘‘(g) DEFINITION OF POWER SYSTEM.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘power system’ means any electricity gener-
ating unit that utilizes fossil fuels to generate electricity 
provided to the electric grid or directly to a consumer. 
‘‘(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
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‘‘(1) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(2) $315,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; 
‘‘(3) $330,750,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(4) $347,288,000 for fiscal year 2022; and 
‘‘(5) $364,652,000 for fiscal year 2023.’’. 
(b) GAO STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study of the De-
partment’s successes, failures, practices, and im-
provements in carrying out demonstration projects 
for carbon capture technologies for power systems. 
In conducting the study, the Comptroller General 
shall consider, at a minimum— 
(A) applicant and contractor qualifications; 
(B) project management practices at the 
Department; 
(C) economic or market changes and other 
factors impacting project viability; 
(D) completion of third-party agreements, 
including power purchase agreements and car-
bon dioxide offtake agreements; 
(E) regulatory challenges; and 
(F) construction challenges. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller Gen-
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eral of the United States shall submit to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report 
on the results of the study required under paragraph 
(1). 
(3) CONSIDERATION.—The Secretary shall con-
sider any relevant recommendations, as determined 
by the Secretary, provided in the study required 
under paragraph (1), and shall adopt such rec-
ommendations as the Secretary considers appro-
priate. 
(4) POWER SYSTEM DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘power system’’ means any electricity gen-
erating unit that utilizes fossil fuels to generate elec-
tricity provided to the electric grid or directly to a 
consumer. 
SEC. 6. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
Section 963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16293) is amended to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 963. CARBON STORAGE VALIDATION AND TESTING. 
‘‘(a) CARBON STORAGE.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a program of research, development, and demonstra-
tion for carbon storage. The program shall— 
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‘‘(1) in coordination with relevant Federal agen-
cies, develop and maintain mapping tools and re-
sources that assess the capacity of geologic storage 
formations in the United States; 
‘‘(2) develop monitoring tools, modeling of geo-
logic formations, and analyses to predict and verify 
carbon dioxide containment and account for seques-
tered carbon dioxide in geologic storage sites; 
‘‘(3) research potential environmental, safety, 
and health impacts in the event of a leak to the at-
mosphere or to an aquifer, and any corresponding 
mitigation actions or responses to limit harmful con-
sequences; 
‘‘(4) evaluate the interactions of carbon dioxide 
with formation solids and fluids, including the pro-
pensity of injections to induce seismic activity; 
‘‘(5) assess and ensure the safety of operations 
related to geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide; 
‘‘(6) determine the fate of carbon dioxide con-
current with and following injection into geologic 
formations; and 
‘‘(7) provide information to State, local, and 
Tribal governments, the Environmental Protection 
Agency, and other appropriate entities, to support 
development of a regulatory framework for commer-
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cial-scale sequestration operations that ensure the 
protection of human health and the environment. 
‘‘(b) GEOLOGIC SETTINGS.—In carrying out research 
activities under this section, the Secretary shall consider 
a variety of candidate geologic settings, including— 
‘‘(1) operating oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(2) depleted oil and gas fields; 
‘‘(3) residual oil zones; 
‘‘(4) unconventional reservoirs and rock types; 
‘‘(5) unmineable coal seams; 
‘‘(6) deep saline formations; 
‘‘(7) deep geologic systems that may be used as 
engineered reservoirs to extract economical quan-
tities of brine from geothermal resources of low per-
meability or porosity; and 
‘‘(8) deep geologic systems containing in situ 
carbon dioxide mineralization formations. 
‘‘(c) REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION PARTNER-
SHIPS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out large-scale carbon sequestration demonstrations 
for geologic containment of carbon dioxide to collect 
and validate information on the cost and feasibility 
of commercial deployment of technologies for the 
geologic containment of carbon dioxide. The Sec-
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retary may fund new demonstrations or expand the 
work completed at one or more of the existing re-
gional carbon sequestration partnerships. 
‘‘(2) 
DEMONSTRATION
COMPONENTS.—Each 
demonstration described in paragraph (1) shall in-
clude longitudinal tests involving carbon dioxide in-
jection and monitoring, mitigation, and verification 
operations. 
‘‘(3) CLEARINGHOUSE.—The National Energy 
Technology Laboratory shall act as a clearinghouse 
of shared information and resources for the regional 
carbon sequestration partnerships and any new dem-
onstrations funded under this section. 
‘‘(4) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the 
date of enactment of the Fossil Energy Research 
and Development Act of 2018, the Secretary shall 
provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
Senate a report that— 
‘‘(A) assesses the progress of all regional 
carbon sequestration partnerships; 
‘‘(B) identifies the remaining challenges in 
achieving carbon sequestration that is reliable 
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and safe for the environment and public health; 
and 
‘‘(C) creates a roadmap to integrate geo-
logic sequestration sites and carbon utilization 
with large sources of carbon dioxide in the 
United States economy. 
‘‘(5) LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATION.— 
For purposes of this subsection, ‘large-scale carbon 
sequestration’ means the injection of more than 
1,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually or a scale 
that demonstrates the ability to inject and sequester 
several million metric tons carbon dioxide for at 
least 10 years. 
‘‘(d) INTEGRATED STORAGE PROJECTS.—The Sec-
retary may carry out a program for purposes of transition-
ing the large-scale storage demonstrations under sub-
section (c) into integrated, commercial storage complexes. 
The program shall focus on— 
‘‘(1) qualifying geologic storage sites in order to 
accept large volumes of carbon dioxide acceptable for 
commercial contracts; 
‘‘(2) understanding the technical and commer-
cial viability of storage sites; 
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‘‘(3) developing the qualification processes that 
will be necessary for a diverse range of geologic stor-
age sites to commercially accept carbon dioxide; and 
‘‘(4) any other activities the Secretary deems 
necessary to transition the large scale demonstration 
storage projects into commercial ventures. 
‘‘(e) COST SHARING.—The Secretary shall require 
cost sharing under this section in accordance with section 
988. 
‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
‘‘(1) $105,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(2) $110,250,000 for fiscal year 2020; 
‘‘(3) $115,763,000 for fiscal year 2021; 
‘‘(4) $121,551,000 for fiscal year 2022; and 
‘‘(5) $127,628,000 for fiscal year 2023.’’. 
SEC. 7. CARBON UTILIZATION. 
(a) PROGRAM.—Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969. CARBON UTILIZATION. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry out a 
program of research, development, and demonstration for 
carbon utilization. The program shall— 
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‘‘(1) assess and monitor potential changes in 
life cycle carbon dioxide emissions, and other envi-
ronmental safety indicators of new technologies, 
practices, processes, or methods, used in enhanced 
hydrocarbon recovery; 
‘‘(2) identify and evaluate novel uses for car-
bon, including the conversion of carbon dioxide for 
commercial and industrial products, such as— 
‘‘(A) chemicals; 
‘‘(B) plastics; 
‘‘(C) building materials; 
‘‘(D) fuels; 
‘‘(E) cement; or 
‘‘(F) products of coal utilization in power 
systems (as such term is defined in section 
962(e)), or other applications; and 
‘‘(3) identify and develop alternative uses for 
coal, including products derived from carbon engi-
neering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods. 
‘‘(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For ac-
tivities under this section, there are authorized to be ap-
propriated to the Secretary— 
‘‘(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2019; 
‘‘(2) $26,250,000 for fiscal year 2020; 
‘‘(3) $27,562,500 for fiscal year 2021; 
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‘‘(4) $28,940,625 for fiscal year 2022; and 
‘‘(5) $30,387,656 for fiscal year 2023.’’. 
(b) STUDY.—The Secretary shall enter into an agree-
ment with the National Academies to conduct a study as-
sessing the barriers and opportunities related to commer-
cializing carbon dioxide in the United States. Such study 
shall— 
(1) analyze the technical feasibility and related 
challenges to commercializing carbon dioxide, includ-
ing— 
(A) creating a national system of carbon 
dioxide pipelines; 
(B) mitigating environmental impacts; and 
(C) regional economic challenges and op-
portunities; 
(2) identify potential markets, industries, or 
sectors that may benefit from greater access to com-
mercial carbon dioxide; 
(3) assess the current state of infrastructure 
and any necessary updates to allow for the integra-
tion of safe and reliable carbon dioxide transpor-
tation, utilization, and storage; 
(4) estimate the economic impact of a well-inte-
grated national carbon dioxide pipeline system; 
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(5) assess the global status and progress of car-
bon utilization technologies (both chemical and bio-
logical) in practice today that utilize waste carbon 
(including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, meth-
ane, and biogas) from power generation, biofuels 
production, and other industrial processes; 
(6) identify emerging technologies and ap-
proaches for carbon utilization that show promise 
for scale-up, demonstration, deployment, and com-
mercialization; 
(7) analyze the factors associated with making 
carbon utilization technologies viable at a commer-
cial scale, including carbon waste stream availability, 
economics, market capacity, energy and lifecycle re-
quirements; 
(8) assess the major technical challenges associ-
ated with increasing the commercial viability of car-
bon reuse technologies, and identify the research and 
development questions that will address those chal-
lenges; 
(9) assess current research efforts, including 
basic, applied, engineering, and computational, that 
are addressing these challenges and identify gaps in 
the current research portfolio; and 
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(10) develop a comprehensive research agenda 
that addresses both long- and short-term research 
needs and opportunities. 
SEC. 8. ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 
2005 (42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
‘‘SEC. 969A. ADVANCED ENERGY SYSTEMS. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall conduct a 
program of research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application to improve the efficiency and reli-
ability of, and to reduce emissions from, fossil fuel power 
generation in the following areas: 
‘‘(1) High-efficiency turbines for any advanced 
power system that will lead to natural gas turbine 
combined cycle efficiency of 67 percent or combus-
tion turbine efficiency of 50 percent. 
‘‘(2) Supercritical and ultrasupercritical carbon 
dioxide, with an emphasis on developing directly- 
fired and indirectly fired cycles in the next 10 years. 
‘‘(3) Advanced combustion systems, including 
oxy-combustion systems and chemical looping. 
‘‘(4) Fuel cell technologies for low-cost, high-ef-
ficiency, fuel-flexible, modular power systems, includ-
ing solid oxide fuel cell technology for commercial, 
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(3) ANNUAL REPORT ON USE OF AUTHORITY.— 
Not later than March 1 of each year, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and 
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the use of the authority 
under this subsection during the preceding fiscal 
year. 
(c) REVIEW.—Not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a report assessing 
the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s manage-
ment and research. The report shall include— 
(1) an assessment of the quality of science and 
research at the National Energy Technology Labora-
tory relative to similar work at other national lab-
oratories; 
(2) a review of the effectiveness of authorities 
provided in subsections (a) and (b); and 
(3) recommendations for policy changes within 
the Department and legislative changes to provide 
the National Energy Technology Laboratory the nec-
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essary tools and resources to advance its research 
mission. 
Æ 
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