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(b) DEFINITION
OF ELIGIBLE EARLY-CAREER RE-
SEARCHER.—In this section, the term ‘‘eligible early-career
researcher’’ means an individual who—
(1) completed a doctorate or other terminal de-
gree not more than 10 years before the date of appli-
cation for a grant authorized under this section, ex-
cept as provided in subsection (c)(3); and
(2) has demonstrated promise in the field of
science, technology, engineering, mathematics, com-
puter science, or computational science.
(c) GRANT PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award
not less than 65 grants per year to outstanding eligi-
ble early-career researchers to support the work of
such researchers in the Department, particularly at
the National Laboratories, or other federally-funded
research and development centers.
(2) APPLICATION.—An eligible early-career re-
searcher who desires to receive a grant under this sec-
tion shall submit to the Secretary an application at
such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such
information as the Secretary may require.
(3) WAIVER.—The Secretary may find eligible a
candidate who has completed a doctorate more than
10 years prior to the date of application if the can-
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didate was unable to conduct research for a period of
time because of extenuating circumstances, including
military service or family responsibilities.
(4) DURATION AND AMOUNT.—
(A) DURATION.—A grant under this section
shall be 5 years in duration.
(B) AMOUNT.—An eligible early career-re-
searcher who receives a grant under this section
shall receive up to $100,000 for each year of the
grant period.
(5) USE OF FUNDS.—An eligible early career-re-
searcher who receives a grant under this section shall
use the grant funds for basic research in natural
sciences, engineering, mathematics, or computer
sciences at the Department, particularly the National
Laboratories, or other federally-funded research and
development center.
(6) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.—
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out
this section—
(A) $13,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(B) $19,500,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(C) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
(D) $32,500,000 for fiscal year 2011.
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SEC. 2005. ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AUTHORITY-
ENERGY.
(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section:
(1) ADVISORY
BOARD.—The term ‘‘Advisory
Board’’ means the Advisory Board established under
subsection (d).
(2) AUTHORITY.—The term ‘‘Authority’’ means
the Advanced Research Projects Authority—Energy
established under subsection (b).
(3) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the
Director of the Authority appointed under subsection
(c)(1).
(4) ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY.—The term ‘‘energy
technology’’ means technology, including carbon-neu-
tral technology, used for—
(A) fossil energy;
(B) carbon sequestration;
(C) nuclear energy;
(D) renewable energy;
(E) energy distribution; or
(F) energy efficiency technology.
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish
an Advanced Research Projects Authority-Energy to over-
come the long-term and high-risk technological barriers in
the development of energy technologies.
(c) DIRECTOR.—
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(1) APPOINTMENT.—The Secretary shall appoint
a Director of the Authority.
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Director shall be an
individual who, by reason of professional background
and experience, is especially qualified to advise the
Secretary on matters pertaining to long-term, high-
risk programs to overcome long-term and high-risk
technological barriers to the development of energy
technologies.
(3) DUTIES.—The Director shall—
(A) employ such qualified technical staff as
are necessary to carry out the duties of the Au-
thority, including providing staff for the Advi-
sory Committee;
(B) serve as the selection official for pro-
posals relating to energy technologies that are so-
licited within the Department;
(C) develop metrics to assist in developing
funding criteria and for assessing the success of
existing programs;
(D) terminate programs carried out under
this section that are not achieving the goals of
the programs; and
(E) perform such duties relating to long-
term and high-risk technological barriers in the
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development of energy technologies as are deter-
mined to be appropriate by the Secretary.
(d) ADVISORY BOARD.—
(1) APPOINTMENT.—The Secretary shall, con-
sistent with the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5
U.S.C. App.), establish, and appoint members to, an
Advisory Board to make recommendations to the Sec-
retary and the Director on actions necessary to carry
out this section.
(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Advisory Board shall
consist of individuals who, by reason of professional
background and experience, are especially qualified to
advise the Secretary and the Director on matters per-
taining to long-term and high-risk technological bar-
riers in the development of energy technologies.
(3) TERM.—A member of the Advisory Board
shall be appointed for a term of 5 years.
(4) INFORMATION.—Each fiscal year, individuals
who carry out energy technology programs of the De-
partment and staff of the Authority shall provide to
the Advisory Board written proposals and oral brief-
ings on long-term and high-risk technological barriers
that are critical to overcome for the successful develop-
ment of energy technologies.
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(5) DUTIES.—Each fiscal year, the Advisory
Board shall—
(A) recommend to the Secretary and the
Director—
(i) in order of priority, proposals of
energy programs of the Department that are
critical to overcoming long-term and high-
risk technological barriers to enable the suc-
cessful development of energy technologies;
and
(ii) additional programs not covered in
the proposals that are critical to overcoming
the barriers described in clause (i); and
(B) based on the metrics described in sub-
section (c)(3)(C), make recommendations to the
Secretary and the Directory concerning whether
programs funded under this section are achiev-
ing the goals of the programs.
(e) REVIEW.—Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into an
agreement with the National Academy of Sciences under
which the Academy shall—
(1) conduct reviews during each of calendar
years 2010 and 2012 to determine the success of the
activities carried out under this section; and
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(2) submit to Congress, the Secretary, and the
Director a report describing the results of each review.
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary
to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2008
through 2011.
SEC. 2006. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FOR BASIC RE-
SEARCH.
Section 971(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42
U.S.C. 16311(b)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the
end;
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) by striking ‘‘$5,200,000,000’’ and in-
serting ‘‘$4,800,000,000’’; and
(B) by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
‘‘(4) $4,945,000,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
‘‘(5) $5,265,000,000 for fiscal year 2011.’’.
SEC. 2007. DISCOVERY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING INNO-
VATION INSTITUTES.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall establish dis-
tributed, multidisciplinary institutes (referred to in this
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section as ‘‘Institutes’’) centered at National Laboratories
to apply fundamental science and engineering discoveries
to technological innovations related to the missions of the
Department and the global competitiveness of the United
States.
(b) TOPICAL AREAS.—The Institutes shall support sci-
entific and engineering research and education activities on
critical emerging technologies determined by the Secretary
to be essential to global competitiveness, including activities
related to—
(1) sustainable energy technologies;
(2) multi-scale materials and processes;
(3) micro- and nano-engineering;
(4) computational and information engineering;
and
(5) genomics and proteomics.
(c) PARTNERSHIPS.—In carrying out this section, the
Secretary shall establish partnerships between the Institutes
and—
(1) institutions of higher education to—
(A) train undergraduate and graduate engi-
neering and science students;
(B) develop innovative educational cur-
ricula; and
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(C) conduct research within the topical
areas described in subsection (b);
(2) private industry to develop innovative tech-
nologies within the topical areas described in sub-
section (b);
(3) State and local governments to promote re-
gionally-based commercialization and entrepreneur-
ship; and
(4) financing entities to guide successful tech-
nology commercialization.
(d) MERIT-BASED SELECTION.—The selection of Insti-
tutes under this section shall be merit-based and made
through an open, competitive selection process.
(e) RESTRICTION.—Not more than 3 Institutes shall
receive grants for a fiscal year.
(f) REVIEW.—The Secretary shall enter into an agree-
ment with the National Academy of Sciences under which
the Academy shall, not later than 3 and 6 years after the
date of enactment of this Act—
(1) review the performance of the Institutes
under this section; and
(2) submit to Congress and the Secretary a re-
port describing the results of the review.
(g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the activities of
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each Institute selected under this section $10,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2008 through 2011.
SEC. 2008. PROTECTING AMERICA’S COMPETITIVE EDGE
(PACE) GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM.
(a) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE STUDENT.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘‘eligible student’’ means a student who at-
tends an institution of higher education that offers a doc-
toral degree in a field relevant to a mission area of the De-
partment.
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a
graduate fellowship program for eligible students pursuing
a doctoral degree in a mission area of the Department.
(c) SELECTION.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall award fel-
lowships to eligible students under this section
through a competitive merit review process (involving
written and oral interviews) that will result in a
wide distribution of awards throughout the United
States.
(2) CRITERIA.—The Secretary shall establish se-
lection criteria for awarding fellowships under this
section that require an eligible student to—
(A) pursue a field of science or engineering
of importance to the mission area of the Depart-
ment;
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(B) rank in the upper 10 percent of the
class of the eligible student;
(C) demonstrate to the Secretary—
(i) the capacity to understand tech-
nical topics related to the fellowship that
can be derived from the first principles of
the technical topics;
(ii) imagination and creativity;
(iii) leadership skills in organizations
or 
intellectual 
endeavors, 
demonstrated
through awards and past experience; and
(iv) excellent verbal and communica-
tion skills to explain, defend, and dem-
onstrate an understanding of technical sub-
jects related to the fellowship; and
(D) be a citizen or legal permanent resident
of the United States.
(d) AWARDS.—
(1) AMOUNT.—A fellowship awarded under this
section shall—
(A) provide an annual living stipend; and
(B) cover—
(i) graduate tuition at an institution
of higher education; and
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(ii) incidental expenses associated with
curricula and research at the institution of
higher education (including books, com-
puters and software).
(2) DURATION.—A fellowship awarded under
this section shall be for a period of not greater than
5 years.
(3) PORTABILITY.—A fellowship awarded under
this section shall be portable with the fellow.
(e) ADMINISTRATION.—The Secretary (acting through
the Director of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering
Education)—
(1) shall administer the program established
under this section; and,
(2) may enter into a contract with a nonprofit
entity to administer the program, including the selec-
tion and award of fellowships.
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—
(1) FELLOWSHIPS.—There are authorized to be
appropriated 
to 
award 
fellowships 
under 
this
section—
(A) $9,300,000 for 200 fellowships for fiscal
year 2008;
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(B) $14,500,000 for 300 fellowships for fis-
cal year 2009 (including non-expiring fellow-
ships for prior fiscal years);
(C) $25,000,000 for 500 fellowships for fis-
cal year 2010 (including non-expiring fellow-
ships for prior fiscal years); and
(D) $35,500,000 for 700 fellowships for fis-
cal year 2011 (including non-expiring fellow-
ships for prior fiscal years).
(2) ADMINISTRATION.—There are authorized to
be appropriated for administrative expenses incurred
in carrying out this section—
(A) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(B) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(C) $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2010; and
(D) $3,500,000 for fiscal year 2011.
SEC. 2009. TITLE IX COMPLIANCE.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall
submit to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate a report that describes ac-
tions taken by the Department of Energy to implement the
recommendations in the report of the Government Account-
ability Office numbered 04–639.
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(b) COMPLIANCE.—To comply with title IX of the Edu-
cation Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), the
Secretary of Energy shall annually conduct compliance re-
views of at least 2 recipients of Department of Energy
grants.
SEC. 2010. HIGH-RISK, HIGH-REWARD RESEARCH.
(a) DEFINITION OF HIGH-RISK, HIGH-REWARD RE-
SEARCH.—In this section, the term ‘‘high-risk, high reward
research’’ means research that—
(1) has the potential for yielding results with
far-ranging implications;
(2) is too novel or spans too diverse a range of
disciplines to fare well in the traditional peer review
process; and
(3) is supportive of the missions of the spon-
soring agency.
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF GRANT PROGRAMS.—
(1) ENERGY
GRANT
PROGRAM.—The Secretary
shall establish a grant program to encourage the con-
duct of high-risk, high-reward research at the Depart-
ment.
(2) GEOLOGICAL GRANT PROGRAM.—The Direc-
tor of the United States Geological Survey shall estab-
lish a grant program to encourage the conduct of
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high-risk, high-reward research at the United States
Geological Survey.
SEC. 2011. DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST PROGRAM.
(a) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this section is to pro-
mote scientific and academic excellence through collabora-
tions between institutions of higher education and the Na-
tional Laboratories.
(b) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a
program to support the joint appointment of distinguished
scientists by institutions of higher education and National
Laboratories.
(c) QUALIFICATIONS.—Successful candidates under
this section shall be persons who, by reason of professional
background and experience, are able to bring international
recognition to the appointing institution of higher edu-
cation and National Laboratory in their field of scientific
endeavor.
(d) SELECTION.—A distinguished scientist appointed
under this section shall be selected through an open, com-
petitive process.
(e) APPOINTMENT.—
(1) INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.—An
appointment by an institution of higher education
under this section shall be filled within the tenure al-
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lotment of the institution of higher education at a
minimum rank of professor.
(2) NATIONAL
LABORATORY.—An appointment
by a National Laboratory under this section shall be
at the rank of the highest grade of distinguished sci-
entist or technical staff of the National Laboratory.
(f) DURATION.—An appointment under this section
shall be for 6 years, consisting of 2 3-year funding allot-
ments.
(g) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds made available under this
section may be used for—
(1) the salary of the distinguished scientist and
support staff;
(2) undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral
appointments;
(3) research-related equipment;
(4) professional travel; and
(5) such other requirements as the Director deter-
mines are necessary to carry out the purpose of the
program.
(h) REVIEW.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The appointment of a distin-
guished scientist under this section shall be reviewed
at the end of the first 3-year allotment for the distin-
guished scientist through an open peer-review process
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to determine whether the appointment is meeting the
purpose of this section under subsection (a).
(2) FUNDING.—Funding of the appointment of
the distinguished scientist for the second 3-year allot-
ment shall be determined based on the review con-
ducted under paragraph (1).
(i) COST SHARING.—To be eligible for assistance under
this section, an appointing institution of higher education
shall pay at least 50 percent of the total costs of the appoint-
ment.
(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 (to support
up to 30 appointments under this section);
(2) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 (to support
up to 60 such appointments); and
(3) $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010
and 2011 (to support up to 100 such appointments).
DIVISION C—EDUCATION
SEC. 3001. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) A well-educated population is essential to re-
taining America’s competitiveness in the global econ-
omy.
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(2) The United States needs to build on and ex-
pand the impact of existing programs by taking addi-
tional, well-coordinated steps to ensure that all stu-
dents are able to obtain the knowledge the students
need to obtain postsecondary education and partici-
pate successfully in the workforce or the Armed
Forces.
(3) The next steps must be informed by inde-
pendent information on the effectiveness of current
programs in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics education, and by identification of best
practices that can be replicated.
(4) Teacher preparation and elementary school
and secondary school programs and activities must be
aligned with the requirements of the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et
seq.) and the requirements of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.).
(5) The ever increasing knowledge and skill de-
mands of the 21st century require that secondary
school preparation and requirements be better aligned
with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in
postsecondary education and the workforce, and
States need better data systems to track educational
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achievement from prekindergarten through bacca-
laureate degrees.
SEC. 3002. DEFINITIONS.
(a) ESEA DEFINITIONS.—Unless otherwise specified
in this division, the terms used in this division have the
meanings given the terms in section 9101 of the Elementary
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
(b) OTHER DEFINITIONS.—In this division:
(1) CRITICAL
FOREIGN
LANGUAGE.—The term
‘‘critical foreign language’’ means a foreign language
that the Secretary determines, in consultation with
the heads of such Federal departments and agencies
as the Secretary determines appropriate, is critical to
the national security and economic competitiveness of
the United States.
(2) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means
the Secretary of Education.
TITLE I—TEACHER ASSISTANCE
Subtitle A—Teachers for a
Competitive Tomorrow
SEC. 3111. PURPOSE.
The purpose of this subtitle is—
(1) to develop and implement programs to pro-
vide integrated courses of study in mathematics,
science, engineering, or critical foreign languages, and