I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 6576 
To restrict the use of foreign adversary LiDAR in the United States. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
DECEMBER 10, 2025 
Mr. KRISHNAMOORTHI introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees 
on Oversight and Government Reform, and Transportation and Infra-
structure, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic-
tion of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To restrict the use of foreign adversary LiDAR in the United 
States. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stopping Adversaries 
From Exploiting LiDAR Act of 2025’’ or the ‘‘SAFE 
LiDAR Act’’. 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
Congress finds the following: 
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(1) LiDAR technologies are critical to the suc-
cessful development and deployment of autonomous 
vehicles, defense systems, critical infrastructure, 
robotic systems, and advanced manufacturing sys-
tems, as well as other important emerging innova-
tions. 
(2) The Chinese Communist Party seeks to 
dominate LiDAR technologies, which are critical not 
only for military advancements, but to the People’s 
Republic of China’s broader efforts to undermine the 
national security of the United States. 
(3) Foreign adversary dominance of LiDAR 
technologies, and the widespread use of such tech-
nologies in the United States, creates profound op-
portunities for such adversaries to engage in espio-
nage, technical compromise, and the disruption of 
sensitive supply chains, presenting an unacceptable 
threat to our Nation’s security. 
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) LIMITATION ON FUTURE TRANSACTIONS.— 
Except as otherwise provided under subsections (b), 
(c), or (d), beginning on the date that is three years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, a covered 
person, or any person knowingly engaging in a 
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transaction with or on behalf of a covered person, 
shall not engage in a transaction that results in the 
use of covered foreign adversary light detection and 
ranging technology in the United States. 
(2) LIMITATION ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 
OR FEDERAL GOVERNMENT USE.—Except as other-
wise provided under subsections (b), (c), or (d), a 
critical infrastructure operator or Federal Govern-
ment entity shall not use covered foreign adversary 
light detection and ranging technology in the United 
States— 
(A) in the case of a product or system in 
use by such user prior to the date of enactment 
of this Act, beginning on the date that is 5 
years after the date of enactment; or 
(B) in the case of a product or system not 
in use by such user on the date of enactment 
of this Act, beginning on the date of enactment 
of this Act. 
(b) WAIVER.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce 
may waive the prohibition under— 
(A) subsection (a)(1) if he determines, on 
a case-by-case basis that— 
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(i) the issuance of such a waiver is in 
the national interest of the United States; 
or 
(ii) that the failure to issue such waiv-
er would— 
(I) cause undue hardship to a 
given United States customer or user 
of a given covered foreign adversary 
light detection and ranging technology 
that is disproportionate to the na-
tional 
security 
benefit 
achieved 
through the application of the prohibi-
tion; and 
(II) such waiver is non-renewable 
and the duration of such waiver does 
not exceed three years; and 
(B) subsection (a)(2), on a case-by-case 
basis, if he determines that the issuance of such 
a waiver is— 
(i) in the national security interests of 
the United States; or 
(ii) necessary to avoid the cessation of 
a critical infrastructure or government 
function, and the operator or entity pro-
viding such function enters into a mitiga-
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tion agreement with the Secretary out-
lining a plan for eliminating the prohibited 
technology or, if elimination is impracti-
cable, mitigating the national security risks 
associated with its continued use. 
(2) PROCEDURE.—Not later than the effective 
date of any prohibition under this Act, the Secretary 
of Commerce shall establish procedures and regula-
tions governing the issuance of waivers under this 
subsection. 
(c) EXEMPTIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The prohibitions under sub-
section (a) shall not apply in the case of— 
(A) testing, evaluation, or cybersecurity ac-
tivities by or on behalf of the United States 
Government; 
(B) the acquisition of a covered foreign ad-
versary light detection and ranging technology 
for academic or research purposes; 
(C) the acquisition of a covered foreign ad-
versary light detection and ranging technology 
for purposes of integration into a product man-
ufactured, assembled, or otherwise developed in 
the United States, provided such products are 
exported outside of the United States and such 
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covered foreign adversary light detection and 
ranging technology is not used in the United 
States; or 
(D) the use of a product, including an air-
plane or automobile, containing a covered for-
eign adversary light detection and ranging tech-
nology in contexts where the principal purpose 
of such usage is the provision of passenger or 
cargo transportation services between the 
United States and a different country. 
(2) LEGACY
PRODUCTS
AND
SYSTEMS.—The 
prohibitions under subsection (a)(1) shall not apply 
in the case of— 
(A) a discrete product in use within the 
United States prior to the date on which said 
prohibition is effective, or any covered foreign 
adversary light detection and ranging tech-
nology subsequently necessary to replace a cov-
ered foreign adversary light detection and rang-
ing technology in said product; or 
(B) the resale, lease, or use of any product 
containing covered foreign adversary light de-
tection and ranging technology if such tech-
nology was integrated into said discrete product 
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prior to the effective date of a relevant prohibi-
tion under this Act. 
(d) EXTENSION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce 
shall grant a two-year extension of the effective date 
of the prohibition under subsection (a)(1) in the 
event that he determines that alternative sources of 
light detection and ranging technology are produced 
in an insufficient quantity to meet domestic demand. 
Following an initial extension, additional extensions 
of 180 days may be granted, but only upon a de 
novo finding of the Secretary of Commerce of insuf-
ficient alternative supplies prior to the issuance of 
each such extension. 
(2) REVIEW.—Any extension under paragraph 
(1) shall be subject to challenge for factual error in 
a district court of competent jurisdiction. 
(e) RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this Act 
shall be interpreted to— 
(1) preclude, preempt, or abridge the establish-
ment of any other limitation or restriction on cov-
ered foreign adversary light detection and ranging 
technology established under other authorities, in-
cluding but not limited to such limitations or restric-
tions that may be promulgated pursuant to State 
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law or existing or future authorities of the Secretary 
of Commerce or the Office of Information and Com-
munications Technology and Services; 
(2) permit an existing joint venture, licensing 
agreement, technology partnership, or other com-
parable contractual arrangement with a company 
that produces, designs, or otherwise controls covered 
foreign adversary light detection and ranging tech-
nology to be expanded by means of a prohibited 
transaction; or 
(3) prohibit the use of covered foreign adver-
sary light detection and ranging technology by a 
United States person utilizing such technology out-
side of the United States. 
SEC. 4. LIMITATION ON ADVERSARY PARTNERSHIPS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.— 
(1) LIMITATION.—Except as provided for under 
subsections (b) or (c), beginning on the date of en-
actment of this Act, it shall be unlawful for any cov-
ered person, or person knowingly engaging in a 
transaction with or on behalf of a covered person, to 
enter into any joint venture, licensing agreement, 
technology partnership, or other comparable contrac-
tual arrangement with a company that produces, de-
signs, or otherwise controls covered foreign adver-
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sary light detection and ranging technology for the 
purpose of— 
(A) manufacturing, assembling, or devel-
oping light detection and ranging technology 
that is or is derivative of covered foreign adver-
sary light detection and ranging technology for 
use in the United States; 
(B) licensing intellectual property of a cov-
ered foreign adversary light detection and rang-
ing technology for use in products intended to 
be used in the United States; or 
(C) facilitating the design, production, or 
deployment of light detection and ranging tech-
nology for use in the United States. 
(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—The limitation 
described in paragraph (1) shall not be interpreted 
to limit ventures, agreements, partnerships, or other 
arrangements that involve the use of covered foreign 
adversary light detection and ranging technology in 
the United States for research purposes, or in con-
nection with the development, manufacturing, or as-
sembly of products that are intended for export and 
that will not be sold or leased in the United States. 
(b) EXCEPTION.—Notwithstanding subsection (a), a 
person, including a covered person, is permitted to— 
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(1) engage in a transaction and enter into an 
agreement that results in an adversary affiliation 
termination event with respect to a covered foreign 
adversary light detection and ranging technology; 
and 
(2) fulfill any existing responsibilities or obliga-
tions under any joint venture, licensing agreement, 
technology partnership, or other comparable contrac-
tual arrangement established prior to the date of en-
actment of this Act, except in the case of such a 
venture, agreement, partnership, or other arrange-
ment that was entered into with the intent of frus-
trating a material purpose of this Act. 
(c) PRESUMPTION.—A joint venture, licensing agree-
ment, technology partnership, or other comparable con-
tractual arrangement described under subsection (a)(1) 
shall be presumed to be intended to frustrate a material 
purpose of this Act if entered into during the 180-day pe-
riod immediately preceding the date of enactment of this 
Act, except as otherwise demonstrated by a preponderance 
of the evidence. 
SEC. 5. ENFORCEMENT. 
(a) ENFORCEMENT OF PROHIBITIONS.— 
(1) CIVIL PENALTY.—Any covered person who 
violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or 
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causes any knowing violation of section 3(a) shall be 
subject to a civil penalty not to exceed the amount 
set forth under section 1705 of title 50, United 
States Code. 
(2) INJUNCTIVE
RELIEF.—The Secretary of 
Commerce may seek a declaratory judgment requir-
ing any person (including, but not limited to, a cov-
ered person or a critical infrastructure operator) 
who violates, attempts to violate, conspires to vio-
late, or causes any violation of section 3 to cease, 
unwind, or otherwise terminate any violative trans-
action, use, or action in furtherance of the foregoing. 
Such an action may be brought in any district court 
of competent jurisdiction or the district court for the 
District of Columbia. 
(b) ENFORCEMENT OF LIMITATION.—Any joint ven-
ture, licensing agreement, technology partnership, or com-
parable contractual arrangement in violation of section 4 
may be blocked, unwound, or otherwise prohibited. 
(c) PROCEDURE.—Prior to any enforcement action 
under this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall provide 
the violating party with a written explanation of the viola-
tive conduct specifying the laws and regulations allegedly 
violated and the amount or nature of the proposed penalty 
or action, and notifying the recipient of a right to make 
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a written petition within 30 days as to why a penalty 
should not be imposed or such action should not be under-
taken. 
(d) NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF REMEDIES.—Nothing in 
this section shall be interpreted to limit or abridge such 
other enforcement authorities of the Federal Government 
that may exist pursuant to other authorities. 
SEC. 6. TRANSITION MITIGATION. 
(a) ASSISTANCE TO CUSTOMERS AND USERS.— 
(1) PROGRAM.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment, the Secretary of Commerce 
shall establish and thereafter maintain a program 
to— 
(A) conduct outreach to stakeholders to fa-
cilitate compliance with this Act; 
(B) issue guidance on compliance, and in-
corporate feedback from end users impacted by 
the Act into such guidance; and 
(C) establish procedures for entities to 
seek waivers or clarifications under this Act. 
(2) AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE AND ROBOTICS EX-
PERTISE.—The Secretary of Commerce shall des-
ignate not less than two individuals, one of whom 
must have substantial expertise in autonomous driv-
ing systems and one of whom must have substantial 
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expertise in robotics, responsible for accepting and 
reviewing petitions by customers or users of covered 
foreign adversary light detection and ranging tech-
nology that develop products that incorporate such 
technology who contend that their development or 
production of such product is dependent on contin-
ued access to the prohibited technology, and to— 
(A) determine whether such contentions 
are supported by technical evidence, and if so 
proven, whether a waiver of such prohibition 
would be in the national interest of the United 
States; and 
(B) suggest technical benchmarks or other 
indicators that would warrant a recission or ex-
tension of such a waiver. 
(b) ADVISORY OPINIONS.—Upon petition of a cus-
tomer or user likely to be impacted by this Act, the Sec-
retary of Commerce shall issue advisory opinions regard-
ing whether their continued use of covered foreign adver-
sary light detection and ranging technology is likely to 
warrant a waiver under this Act, which shall be provided 
to such a customer or user not later than 180 days after 
the submission of such a request. 
(c) NATIONAL SECURITY TASK FORCE.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall establish and thereafter maintain a task force 
to address the national security risks associated with 
covered foreign adversary light detection and rang-
ing technology— 
(A) that remains in use following the effec-
tive dates of prohibitions under this Act, wheth-
er by means of waiver, exemption, extension, or 
violation; or 
(B) that is in use during the period of time 
following the date of enactment and the rel-
evant effective dates of prohibitions under this 
Act. 
(2) MANDATE.—The task force shall— 
(A) engage with customers and users of 
covered foreign adversary light detection and 
ranging technology regarding national security 
risks and potential partial mitigation measures; 
and 
(B) work with appropriate elements of the 
Intelligence Community and law enforcement 
to, in appropriate instances, share information 
with such customers and users regarding na-
tional security risks associated with their use of 
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foreign adversary light detection and ranging 
technology. 
SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS. 
(a) 
ADVERSARY
AFFILIATION
TERMINATION 
EVENT.— 
(1) CRITERIA.—The term ‘‘adversary affiliation 
termination event’’ shall refer to a transaction and 
agreement that constitutes a full and absolute di-
vestment of any interest in a foreign adversary light 
detection and ranging technology, or full and abso-
lute sale of any interest in a company that controls 
such technology, provided such transaction and 
agreement— 
(A) is approved by the Secretary of Com-
merce pursuant to paragraph (2); 
(B) results in a person or group of persons 
who are not affiliated with a foreign adversary 
country (whether by domicile, citizenship, prin-
cipal place of business, or otherwise) obtaining 
full control over the corresponding technology, 
or as applicable, company; 
(C) eliminates any national security threat 
associated with such technology, including the 
transmission of any data collected or processed 
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