‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the program under subparagraph 
(A) to ensure an integrated research pro-
gram across the Department. 
‘‘(h) ENERGY SCIENCES NETWORK.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user fa-
cility in order to meet the research needs of the De-
partment for highly reliable data transport capabili-
ties optimized for the requirements of large-scale 
science. 
‘‘(2) CAPABILITIES.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabili-
ties: 
‘‘(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
networking across the continental United States 
and the Atlantic Ocean. 
‘‘(B) To ensure network reliability. 
‘‘(C) To protect the network infrastructure 
from cyber-attacks. 
‘‘(D) To manage transport of exponentially 
increasing levels of data from the Department’s 
National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, 
experiments, and sensors. 
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‘‘(E) To contribute to the integration of het-
erogeneous computing frameworks and systems. 
‘‘(i) COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE GRADUATE FELLOW-
SHIP.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall support 
the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship pro-
gram in order to facilitate collaboration between 
graduate students and researchers at the National 
Laboratories, and contribute to the development of a 
diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help 
advance research in areas relevant to the mission of 
the Department. 
‘‘(2) FUNDING.—From within funds authorized 
to be appropriated for Advanced Scientific Com-
puting Research Program, the Secretary shall make 
available for carrying out the activities under this 
section— 
‘‘(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(D) $24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(E) $25,525,631 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities described in this section— 
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‘‘(1) $1,126,350,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $1,222,674,500 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $1,324,320,715 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $1,431,660,115 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $1,535,090,121 for fiscal year 2026.’’. 
(b) QUANTUM SCIENCE NETWORK.— 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the National 
Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amend-
ed— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as 
paragraph (8); and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘(7) QUANTUM
NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE.— 
The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means 
any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary 
to enable the development and deployment of scalable 
and diverse quantum network technologies.’’. 
(2) DEPARTMENT
OF
ENERGY
QUANTUM
NET-
WORK
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM.—(A) Title IV of the National Quan-
tum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
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‘‘SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK 
INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 
to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to accel-
erate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in 
order to— 
‘‘(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed 
quantum computing systems through the internet and 
intranet; 
‘‘(2) improve the precision of measurements of 
scientific phenomena and physical imaging tech-
nologies; 
‘‘(3) develop secure national quantum commu-
nications technologies and strategies; and 
‘‘(4) demonstrate these capabilities utilizing the 
Department’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology; 
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‘‘(C) the Chair of the subcommittee on 
Quantum Information Science of the National 
Science and Technology Council established 
under section 103(a); and 
‘‘(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 
Economic and Security Implications of Quan-
tum Science; 
‘‘(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher edu-
cation, and other research institutions to facilitate 
new quantum infrastructure methods and tech-
nologies, including— 
‘‘(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low 
loss optical channels, space-to-ground connec-
tions, and classical networking and cybersecurity 
protocols; 
‘‘(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled 
state sources and transmission, control, and 
measurement of quantum states; 
‘‘(C) quantum interconnects that allow 
short range local connections between quantum 
processors; 
‘‘(D) transducers for quantum sources and 
signals between optical and telecommunications 
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regimes and quantum computer-relevant do-
mains, including microwaves; 
‘‘(E) development of quantum memory buff-
ers and small-scale quantum computers that are 
compatible with photon-based quantum bits in 
the optical or telecommunications wavelengths; 
‘‘(F) long-range entanglement distribution 
at both the terrestrial and space-based level using 
quantum repeaters, allowing entanglement-based 
protocols between small- and large scale quan-
tum processors; 
‘‘(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeat-
ers, and related technologies necessary to create 
secure long-distance quantum communication; 
and 
‘‘(H) integration of systems across the 
quantum technology stack into traditional com-
puting networks, including the development of 
remote controlled, high performance, and reliable 
implementations of key quantum network compo-
nents by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure 
and supplemental investments in the Energy 
Sciences Network User Facility; 
‘‘(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Devel-
opment Consortium (QED–C) to transition compo-
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nent technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the 
development of a quantum supply chain for quantum 
network technologies; 
‘‘(4) advance basic research in advanced sci-
entific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and 
material science to enhance the understanding, pre-
diction, and manipulation of materials, processes, 
and physical phenomena relevant to quantum net-
work infrastructure; 
‘‘(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds in 
collaboration with the Department’s Energy Sciences 
Network User Facility necessary to support cross-cut-
ting fundamental research and development activities 
with diverse stakeholders from industry, National 
Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; 
and 
‘‘(6) consider quantum network infrastructure 
applications that span the Department of Energy’s 
missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and ex-
pertise across the Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
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‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information Science 
Research Centers. 
‘‘(d) RESEARCH PLAN.—Not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of the Department of Energy 
Science for the Future Act, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research plan that 
identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to 
quantum network infrastructure. 
‘‘(e) STANDARD OF REVIEW.—The Secretary shall re-
view activities carried out under this section to determine 
the achievement of technical milestones. 
‘‘(f) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section, $100,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 
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‘‘SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EX-
PANSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
PROGRAM. 
‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy (referred 
to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish and 
carry out a program (to be known as the ‘Quantum User 
Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or 
‘QUEST program’) to encourage and facilitate access to 
United States quantum computing hardware and quantum 
computing clouds for research purposes in order to— 
‘‘(1) enhance the United States quantum re-
search enterprise; 
‘‘(2) educate the future quantum computing 
workforce; and 
‘‘(3) accelerate the advancement of United States 
quantum computing capabilities. 
‘‘(b) PROGRAM.—In carrying out this section, the Sec-
retary shall— 
‘‘(1) coordinate with— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation; 
‘‘(B) the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology; 
‘‘(C) the Chair of the Quantum Information 
Science of the National Science and Technology 
Council established under section 103(a); and 
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‘‘(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the 
Economic and Security Implications of Quan-
tum Science; 
‘‘(2) provide researchers based within the United 
States with access to, and use of, United States quan-
tum computing resources through a competitive, 
merit-reviewed process; 
‘‘(3) consider applications from the National 
Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, insti-
tutions of higher education, industry stakeholders, 
and any other entities that the Secretary determines 
are appropriate to provide national leadership on 
quantum computing related issues; and 
‘‘(4) consult and coordinate with private sector 
stakeholders, the user community, and interagency 
partners on program development and best manage-
ment practices. 
‘‘(c) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the 
Department of Energy and from— 
‘‘(1) the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; 
‘‘(2) the National Science Foundation; 
‘‘(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration; 
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‘‘(4) other relevant Federal agencies; 
‘‘(5) the National Laboratories; 
‘‘(6) industry stakeholders; 
‘‘(7) institutions of higher education; and 
‘‘(8) the National Quantum Information Science 
Research Centers. 
‘‘(d) SECURITY.—In carrying out the activities au-
thorized by this section, the Secretary, in consultation with 
the Director of the National Science Foundation and the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology, shall ensure proper security controls are in place 
to protect sensitive information, as appropriate. 
‘‘(e) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be appro-
priated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, 
there shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out 
the activities under this section— 
‘‘(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
‘‘(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
‘‘(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
‘‘(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and 
‘‘(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026. 
‘‘(f) EQUITABLE USE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE COM-
PUTING CAPABILITIES.— 
‘‘(1) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of 
Congress that machine learning algorithms can ex-
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