datamatters24/research-document-archive huggingface dataset:
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1921 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to increase from one month to 
three months the quantity of supply of certain prescriptions furnished 
by the Department of Veterans Affairs to veterans with chronic condi-
tions. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003 
Mr. FILNER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Veterans’ Affairs 
A BILL 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to increase from 
one month to three months the quantity of supply of 
certain prescriptions furnished by the Department of 
Veterans Affairs to veterans with chronic conditions. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Continuity of Care for 
Veterans with Chronic Conditions Act’’.
SEC. 2. THREE-MONTH SUPPLY OF CERTAIN MEDICATIONS 
FOR VETERANS WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS. 
(a) INCREASE
IN AMOUNT
OF MEDICATION SUP-
PLIED.—Chapter 17 of title 38, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 1722A the following 
new section: 
‘‘§ 1722B. Quantity of certain medications furnished 
‘‘(a) In furnishing to a veteran by prescription a 
medication described in subsection (b), the Secretary shall 
furnish not less than a 90-day supply of such medication 
if the physician prescribing the medication determines— 
‘‘(1) that the veteran has a chronic condition 
for which that medication is medically appropriate; 
and 
‘‘(2) that the veteran has not, over a prior 
course of that medication for a minimum period to 
be determined by the Secretary by regulation, dem-
onstrated any symptoms of abuse of that medication. 
‘‘(b) This section applies with respect to medications 
that are controlled substances within the meaning of sec-
tion 102 of the Controlled Substances Act.’’. 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 
at the beginning of such chapter is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 1722A the following new 
item: 
‘‘1722B. Quantity of certain medications furnished.’’.
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Section 1722B of title 38, 
United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall 
apply with respect to prescriptions written after the end 
of the 30-day period beginning on the date of the enact-
ment of this Act. 
Æ
‘‘(A) serves as the national resource center
and clearinghouse;
‘‘(B) works in partnership with the De-
partment of Justice, the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation, the Department of the Treasury,
the Department of State, and many other agen-
cies in the effort to find missing children and
prevent child victimization; and
‘‘(C) operates a national and increasingly
worldwide network, linking the Center online
with each of the missing children clearinghouses
operated by the 50 States, the District of Co-
lumbia, and Puerto Rico, as well as with Scot-
land Yard in the United Kingdom, the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police, INTERPOL head-
quarters in Lyon, France, and others, which en-
able the Center to transmit images and infor-
mation regarding missing children to law en-
forcement across the United States and around
the world instantly.’’.
SEC. 202. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
(a) ANNUAL GRANT
TO NATIONAL CENTER
FOR
MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN.—Section 404(b)(2)
of the Missing Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C.
PART H1
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1922
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a one-time increase 
in the amount excludable from the sale of a principal residence by 
taxpayers who have attained age 50. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003
Mr. FILNER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide 
a one-time increase in the amount excludable from the 
sale of a principal residence by taxpayers who have at-
tained age 50.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fair Taxes for Seniors 
Act’’.
PART H1
SEC. 2. INCREASE IN EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF 
PRINCIPAL RESIDENCE BY TAXPAYERS WHO 
HAVE ATTAINED AGE 50. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (b) of section 121 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to limitation 
on exclusion of gain from sale of principal residence) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
‘‘(4) TAXPAYERS
WHO
HAVE
ATTAINED
AGE 
50.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—At the election of the 
taxpayer who has attained the age of 50 before 
the date of a sale or exchange to which sub-
section (a) applies—
‘‘(i) paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be 
applied by substituting ‘$500,000’ for 
‘$250,000’, and 
‘‘(ii) paragraph (2) shall be applied by 
substituting ‘$1,000,000’ for ‘$500,000’. 
‘‘(B) SPECIAL
RULE
FOR
JOINT
RE-
TURNS.—In the case of a joint return, if one 
spouse satisfies the age requirement of subpara-
graph (A), then both husband and wife shall be 
treated as satisfying such requirement. 
‘‘(C) APPLICATION TO ONLY ONE SALE OR 
EXCHANGE.—Subparagraph (A) shall not apply
PART H1
to any sale or exchange by the taxpayer if an 
election by the taxpayer or his spouse under 
subparagraph (A) with respect to any other sale 
or exchange is in effect. 
‘‘(D) ELECTION.—An election under sub-
paragraph (A) may be made or revoked at any 
time before the expiration of the period for 
making a claim for credit or refund of the tax 
imposed by this chapter for the taxable year in 
which the sale or exchange occurred, and shall 
be made or revoked in such manner as the Sec-
retary shall by regulations prescribe. In the 
case of a taxpayer who is married, an election 
under subparagraph (A) or a revocation thereof 
may be made only if his spouse joins in such 
election or revocation.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply to sales and exchanges after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1923 
To amend title II of the Social Security Act to reduce from 60 to 55 
the age at which an individual who is otherwise eligible may be paid 
widow’s or widower’s insurance benefits. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003 
Mr. FILNER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend title II of the Social Security Act to reduce from 
60 to 55 the age at which an individual who is otherwise 
eligible may be paid widow’s or widower’s insurance ben-
efits. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Social Security Sur-
vivors’ Fairness Act of 2003’’. 
SEC. 2. REDUCTION IN AGE OF ELIGIBILITY FOR WIDOW’S 
AND WIDOWER’S INSURANCE BENEFITS. 
(a) WIDOW’S INSURANCE BENEFITS.—
5773(b)(2)) is amended by striking ‘‘2005’’ and inserting
‘‘2008’’.
(b) IN GENERAL.—Section 408(a) of the Missing
Children’s Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5777(a)) is amended
by striking ‘‘2005.’’ and inserting ‘‘2008’’.
Passed the House of Representatives May 20, 2003.
Attest:
Clerk.
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 202(e)(1) of the So-
cial Security Act (42 U.S.C. 402(e)(1)) is amended 
by striking ‘‘age 60’’ each place it appears in sub-
paragraph (B) and in the matter following subpara-
graph (F) and inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) Section 202(e)(3)(A) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 402(e)(3)(A)) is amended by striking 
‘‘age 60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(B) Section 202(e)(4) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 402(e)(4)) is amended by striking ‘‘age 
60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(b) WIDOWER’S INSURANCE BENEFITS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—Section 202(f)(1) of such 
Act (42 U.S.C. 402(f)(1)) is amended by striking 
‘‘age 60’’ each place it appears in subparagraph (B) 
and in the matter following subparagraph (G) and 
inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) Section 202(f)(4)(A) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 402(f)(4)(A)) is amended by striking 
‘‘age 60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(B) Section 202(f)(5) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 402(f)(5)) is amended by striking ‘‘age 
60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’.
(c) ADJUSTMENT
TO
REDUCTION
PERCENTAGE 
WITH RETIREMENT AGE AT AGE 65.— 
(1) REDUCTION
IN
MONTHLY
REDUCTION.— 
Section 202(q)(1)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
402(q)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘19⁄40 of 1 
percent’’ and inserting ‘‘19⁄80 of 1 percent’’. 
(2) EXPANSION OF MAXIMUM REDUCTION PE-
RIOD.—Section 202(q)(6)(A)(iii) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 402(q)(6)(A)(iii)), by striking ‘‘age 60’’ and 
inserting ‘‘age 55’’. 
(d) ADDITIONAL CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Title 
II of such Act is further amended— 
(1) in the last sentence of section 203(c) (42 
U.S.C. 403(c)), by striking ‘‘age 60’’ each place it 
appears and inserting ‘‘age 55’’; 
(2) in clause (D) of the last sentence of section 
203(f)(1) (42 U.S.C. 403(f)(1)(D)), by striking ‘‘age 
60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’; 
(3) in section 216(l)(2), by striking ‘‘age 60’’ 
and inserting ‘‘age 55’’; 
(4) in the first sentence of section 222(b)(1) 
(42 U.S.C. 422(b)(1)) (as in effect under section 
101(d) of Public Law 106–170), by striking ‘‘age 
60’’ and inserting ‘‘age 55’’;
(5) in the first sentence of section 222(c)(3) 
(42 U.S.C. 422(c)(3)), by striking ‘‘age 60’’ and in-
serting ‘‘age 55’’; 
(6) in section 222(d)(1) (42 U.S.C. 422(d)(1)), 
by striking ‘‘age 60’’ in clauses (C) and (D), and in-
serting in each instance ‘‘age 55’’; and 
(7) in section 225(a) (42 U.S.C. 425(a)), by 
striking ‘‘age 60’’ each place it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘age 55’’. 
SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
The amendments made by this Act shall apply with 
respect to monthly insurance benefits payable under title 
II of the Social Security Act for months after the month 
in which this Act is enacted. 
Æ
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1924
To amend title 38, United States Code, to extend the time limitation for 
use of eligibility and entitlement for educational assistance under the 
Montgomery GI Bill. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003
Mr. FILNER introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Veterans’ Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on Armed 
Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdic-
tion of the committee concerned 
A BILL 
To amend title 38, United States Code, to extend the time 
limitation for use of eligibility and entitlement for edu-
cational assistance under the Montgomery GI Bill.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Montgomery GI Bill 
Flexibility Act of 2003’’.
SEC. 2. EXTENSION OF TIME LIMITATION FOR USE OF 
MONTGOMERY GI BILL ENTITLEMENT. 
(a) EXTENSION OF LIMITATION PERIOD.—Section 
3031 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘10-year’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘14-
year’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE
AND APPLICABILITY.—The 
amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect on 
October 1, 2003, and shall apply with respect to periods 
of entitlement to educational assistance under chapter 30 
of title 38, United States Code, that begin on or after Oc-
tober 1, 1993.
Æ
‘‘(C) WEIGHTING.—The average of all 
final sales prices described in subparagraph (A) 
shall be determined by dividing—
‘‘(i) the sum of all final prices charged 
by the manufacturer (net of the adjust-
ments made under subparagraph (B)) for 
sales in the period involved that are in-
cluded in subparagraph (A) for the drug or 
biological, by 
‘‘(ii) the total number of units of such 
sales in the period. 
‘‘(D) DISTRIBUTION
OF
REPORTS.—The 
Secretary shall promptly distribute applicable 
payment rates under this subsection to carriers 
and fiscal intermediaries and other contractors 
that make payment for drugs and biologicals 
under this section in order to apply a uniform 
reimbursement rate under this section. 
‘‘(3) PRICE REPORTING REQUIREMENT.—
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—As a condition for 
payment for any drug or biological of a manu-
facturer under this subsection, the manufac-
turer of the drug or biological shall—
‘‘(i) report, on a quarterly basis, to 
the Secretary (or the Secretary’s designee)
maximum to comply with licensure requirements for chil-
dren and youth serving facilities’’. 
SEC. 103. MATERNITY GROUP HOMES. 
(a) ELIGIBILITY.—Section 322(a)(1) of the Runaway 
and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5714–2(a)(1)) is 
amended—
(1) by inserting after ‘‘group homes,’’ the fol-
lowing: ‘‘including maternity group homes,’’; and 
(2) by inserting after ‘‘use of credit,’’ the fol-
lowing: ‘‘parenting skills (as appropriate),’’. 
(b) DEFINITION.—Section 322 of the Runaway and 
Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5714–2) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(c) DEFINITION.—In this part, the term ‘maternity 
group home’ means a community-based, adult-supervised 
transitional youth living arrangement that provides preg-
nant or parenting teens and their children with a sup-
portive and supervised living arrangement in which such 
pregnant or parenting teens are required to learn par-
enting skills, including child development, family budg-
eting, health and nutrition, and other skills to promote 
their long-term economic independence in order to ensure 
the well-being of their children.’’.
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘excess fee 
transaction’ means any transaction in which a 
fee is provided by an applicable plaintiff (in-
cluding payments resulting from litigation on 
behalf of an applicable plaintiff determined on 
an hourly or percentage basis, whether such fee 
is paid from the applicable plaintiff’s recovery, 
pursuant to a separately negotiated agreement, 
or in any other manner), directly or indirectly, 
to or for the use of any collecting attorney with 
respect to such applicable plaintiff if the 
amount of the fee provided exceeds the value of 
the services received in exchange therefor or 
subsection (g)(1) applies. 
‘‘(B) DETERMINATION
OF
VALUE.—For 
purposes of subparagraph (A), in determining 
whether the amount of the fee provided exceeds 
the value of the services received in exchange 
therefor, the value of the services shall be the 
sum of—
‘‘(i) the reasonable expenses incurred 
by the collecting attorney in the course of 
the representation of the applicable plain-
tiff, and 
‘‘(ii) a reasonable fee based on—
‘‘(I) the number of hours of non-
duplicative, professional quality legal 
work provided by the collecting attor-
ney of material value to the outcome 
of the representation of the applicable 
plaintiff, taking into account the fac-
tors described in subparagraphs (B) 
and (D) of subsection (h)(2), 
‘‘(II) reasonable hourly rates for 
the individuals performing such work 
based on hourly rates charged by 
other attorneys for the rendition of 
comparable services, including rates 
charged by adversary defense counsel 
in the representation, taking into ac-
count the factors described in sub-
paragraphs (A), (C), (E), and (G) of 
subsection (h)(2), and 
‘‘(III) to the extent such items 
are not taken into account in estab-
lishing the reasonable hourly rates 
under subclause (II), an appropriate 
adjustment rate determined in accord-
ance with subparagraph (C) to com-
pensate the collecting attorney for pe-
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1927
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to include wireless telecommuni-
cations equipment in the definition of qualified technological equipment 
for purposes of determining the depreciation treatment of such equip-
ment. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003
Mr. HULSHOF (for himself and Mr. BECERRA) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to include 
wireless telecommunications equipment in the definition 
of qualified technological equipment for purposes of de-
termining the depreciation treatment of such equipment.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIP-
MENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of section 
168(i)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (defining 
qualified technological equipment) is amended by striking 
‘‘and’’ at the end of clause (ii), by striking the period at
the end of clause (iii) and inserting ‘‘, and’’, and by adding 
after clause (iii) the following new clause: 
‘‘(iv) any wireless telecommunications 
equipment.’’
(b) 
WIRELESS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
EQUIP-
MENT.—Section 168(i)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph: 
‘‘(D) 
WIRELESS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS 
EQUIPMENT.—For purposes of this paragraph, 
the term ‘wireless telecommunications equip-
ment’ means all equipment used in the trans-
mission, reception, coordination, or switching of 
wireless telecommunications service, other than 
cell towers, buildings, T-1 lines or other cabling 
connecting cell sites to mobile switching centers. 
For purposes of the preceding sentence, the 
term ‘wireless telecommunications service’ in-
cludes any commercial mobile radio service as 
defined in title 47 of the Code of Federal Regu-
lations.’’
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to property placed in service on 
or after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Æ
volved, in carrying out the purpose described in subsection 
(a), may opt to use the grant for any of the following: 
‘‘(1) To reimburse an employer or individual 
described in subsection (a) for their share (or a por-
tion thereof) of the premiums or other costs for cov-
erage under group or individual health plans. 
‘‘(2) To offset the cost of enrolling individuals 
described in subsection (a) in public health benefits 
plans, such as the medicaid program under title XIX 
of the Social Security Act, the State Children’s 
Health Insurance Program under title XXI of such 
Act, or public employee health benefit plans. 
‘‘(3) To otherwise subsidize the cost of health 
benefits coverage for individuals described in sub-
section (a). 
‘‘(c) LIMITING CRITERIA.—A funding agreement for 
a grant under section 1981 is that the State involved may 
establish criteria to limit the providers and staff described 
in subsection (a)(1) who may receive assistance under the 
grant. 
‘‘(d) PRIORITY.—A funding agreement for a grant 
under section 1981 is that the State involved will give—
‘‘(1) highest priority to—
‘‘(A) providers and staff described in sub-
section (a)(1) that meet any applicable criteria
I 
108TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 1928
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify the eligibility of 
certain expenses for the low-income housing credit. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MAY 1, 2003
Mrs. JOHNSON of Connecticut (for herself and Mr. RANGEL) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means 
A BILL 
To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify 
the eligibility of certain expenses for the low-income 
housing credit.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. ELIGIBILITY OF CERTAIN EXPENSES FOR LOW-
INCOME HOUSING CREDIT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (d) of section 42 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to low-income 
housing credit) is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) ASSOCIATED
DEVELOPMENT
COSTS
IN-
CLUDED IN BASIS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—Solely for purposes of 
this section, associated development costs shall 
be taken into account in determining the basis 
of any building which is part of a low-income 
housing project to the extent not otherwise so 
taken into account. 
‘‘(B) 
ASSOCIATED
DEVELOPMENT 
COSTS.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), the 
term ‘associated development costs’ means, with 
respect to any building, such building’s allo-
cable share of—
‘‘(i) any cost incurred in preparing 
the site which is reasonably related to the 
development of the qualified low-income 
housing project of which the building is a 
part, 
‘‘(ii) any fee imposed by a State or 
local government as a condition to develop-
ment of such project, 
‘‘(iii) any reasonable fee paid to any 
developer of such project, 
‘‘(iv) any professional fee relating to 
any item includible in the basis of the 
building pursuant to this paragraph, and
‘‘(v) any cost of financing attributable 
to construction of the building (without re-
gard to the source of such financing) which 
is required to be capitalized.’’
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply to—
(1) housing credit dollar amounts allocated 
after December 31, 2003, and 
(2) buildings placed in service after such date 
to the extent paragraph (1) of section 42(h) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 does not apply to 
any building by reason of paragraph (4) thereof, but 
only with respect to bonds issued after such date.
Æ
171 
(2) in subsection (c), by inserting ‘‘, in con-
sultation with the Office of the Victims’ Advocate,’’ 
after ‘‘Secretary of Defense’’. 
(c) AIR FORCE.—Section 9061 of such title is amend-
ed— 
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘, through 
the Office of the Victims’ Advocate,’’ after ‘‘Sec-
retary of the Air Force’’; and 
(2) in subsection (c), by inserting ‘‘, in con-
sultation with the Office of the Victims’ Advocate,’’ 
after ‘‘Secretary of Defense’’. 
SEC. 1107. ENHANCED CAPACITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF 
DEFENSE FOR VICTIM SERVICES. 
(a) AWARDS AUTHORIZED.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense, 
acting through the Director of the Office of the Vic-
tims’ Advocate, may contract with eligible entities to 
enable the design, replication, and implementation of 
services for servicemembers, family members, or 
partners who experience domestic violence, family vi-
olence, sexual assault, or stalking. 
(2) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—In this section, the 
term ‘‘eligible entity’’ means a public or private, 
nonprofit or nongovernmental program the primary 
purpose of which is to provide services to victims of
International Development, in consultation with 
microenterprise institutions and other appropriate 
organizations, shall develop no fewer than two low-
cost methods for partner institutions to use to assess 
the poverty levels of their current or prospective cli-
ents. The United States Agency for International 
Development shall develop poverty indicators that 
correlate with the circumstances of the very poor. 
‘‘(B) The Administrator shall field-test the 
methods developed under subparagraph (A). As part 
of the testing, institutions and programs may use 
the methods on a voluntary basis to demonstrate 
their ability to reach the very poor. 
‘‘(C) Not later than October 1, 2004, the Ad-
ministrator shall, from among the low-cost poverty 
measurement methods developed under subpara-
graph (A), certify no fewer than two such methods 
as approved methods for measuring the poverty lev-
els of current or prospective clients of microenter-
prise institutions for purposes of assistance under 
this section. 
‘‘(2) APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall 
require that, with reasonable exceptions, all organi-
zations applying for microenterprise assistance 
under this Act use one of the certified methods, be-