I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4391 
To promote international cooperation to secure critical mineral supply chains. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JULY 15, 2025 
Mr. BERA (for himself, Mr. MOYLAN, and Mrs. KIM) introduced the following 
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
A BILL 
To promote international cooperation to secure critical 
mineral supply chains. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Minerals Security 
Partnership Authorization Act’’. 
SEC. 2. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO SECURE CRIT-
ICAL MINERAL SUPPLY CHAINS. 
(a) STATEMENT OF POLICY ON CRITICAL MINERAL 
SUPPLY CHAINS.—It is the policy of the United States— 
(1) to collaborate with allies and partners of the 
United States to build secure and resilient critical 
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minerals supply chains, including in the mining, 
processing, and valuation of critical minerals, as well 
as with respect to advanced manufacturing that in-
cludes critical minerals; 
(2) to prioritize the development and production 
of critical minerals domestically, both to supply do-
mestic needs and for export to allies and partners 
that participate in secure and resilient supply chains 
for critical minerals; 
(3) to reduce or eliminate reliance and depend-
ence on critical mineral supply chains controlled by 
the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Russian 
Federation, Iran, or any other strategic competitor 
of the United States; 
(4) to work with allies and partners on enhanc-
ing evaluation capability and technology in trusted 
countries that produce critical minerals to avoid the 
export of mined and processed critical minerals to 
adversaries of the United States; 
(5) to identify and implement market-based in-
centives for the purposes of facilitating the creation 
and maintenance of secure and resilient critical min-
eral supply chains in collaboration with allies and 
partners; 
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(6) to prioritize securing critical mineral supply 
chains in United States foreign policy, including 
through the use of economic tools to invest respon-
sibly in projects in partner countries in a manner 
that both benefits local populations and bolsters the 
supply of critical minerals to the United States and 
allies and partners of the United States; and 
(7) that collaboration with allies and partners 
to build secure and resilient critical mineral supply 
chains shall not replace United States efforts to in-
crease domestic development and production of crit-
ical minerals. 
(b) INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS RELATING TO 
PROTECTING CRITICAL MINERAL SUPPLY CHAINS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized 
to negotiate an agreement with international part-
ners for the purposes of establishing a coalition— 
(A) to facilitate— 
(i) the mining, processing, and supply 
of critical minerals; and 
(ii) advanced manufacturing that in-
cludes critical minerals; and 
(B) to secure an adequate supply of critical 
minerals and relevant products, manufacturing 
inputs, and components that are heavily de-
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pendent on critical mineral resources for the 
United States and other members of the coali-
tion (in this subsection referred to as ‘‘member 
countries’’). 
(2) NEGOTIATING
OBJECTIVES.—The overall 
objectives for negotiating an agreement described in 
paragraph (1) should be— 
(A) to establish mechanisms for member 
countries to build secure and resilient supply 
chains for critical minerals, including in— 
(i) the mining, refinement, processing, 
and valuation of critical minerals; and 
(ii) advanced manufacturing of prod-
ucts, components, and materials that are 
dependent on critical minerals; 
(B) to improve economies of scale and 
joint cooperation with international partners in 
securing access and means of production 
throughout the supply chains of critical min-
erals and manufacturing processes dependent 
on critical minerals; 
(C) to establish mechanisms, with appro-
priate market-based disciplines, that provide 
and maintain opportunities among member 
countries for creating industry economies of 
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scale to attract joint investment among those 
countries, including— 
(i) cooperation on joint projects, in-
cluding cost-sharing on building appro-
priate infrastructure to access deposits of 
critical minerals; and 
(ii) creation or enhancement of na-
tional and international programs to sup-
port the development of robust industries 
by providing appropriate sector-specific in-
centives, such as political risk and other 
insurance opportunities, financing, and 
other support, for— 
(I) mining and processing critical 
minerals; 
(II) manufacturing of products, 
components, and materials that are 
dependent on critical minerals and are 
essential 
to 
consumer 
technology 
products or have important national 
security implications; and 
(III) associated transportation 
needs that are tailored to the han-
dling, movement, and logistics man-
agement of critical minerals and prod-
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ucts, components, and materials that 
are dependent on critical minerals; 
(D) to establish market-based rules for 
member countries regarding adoption of quali-
fying tax and other incentives to stimulate in-
vestment, as balanced by market-based dis-
ciplines to ensure a fair playing field among 
those countries; 
(E) to establish recommended best prac-
tices to protect— 
(i) labor rights; 
(ii) the natural environment and eco-
systems near critical mineral industrial 
sites; and 
(iii) safety of communities near crit-
ical mineral industrial activities; 
(F) to advance economic growth in devel-
oping countries with critical mineral reserves, 
including for the benefit of the citizens of those 
countries; 
(G) to establish rules allowing for the es-
tablishment of a consortium that is resourced 
and empowered to bid and compete in acquiring 
and securing potential deposits of critical min-
erals in countries that are not members of the 
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coalition described in paragraph (1) (in this 
subsection referred to as ‘‘nonmember coun-
tries’’); 
(H) to establish a mechanism for joint re-
source mapping with procedures for equitable 
sharing of information on potential deposits of 
critical minerals not less frequently than annu-
ally; 
(I) to establish appropriate mechanisms for 
the recognition and enforcement by a member 
country of judgments relating to environmental 
and related harms caused by mining operations 
within such member country in contravention of 
that country’s laws; and 
(J) to improve supply chain security 
among member countries by providing for na-
tional treatment investment protections among 
those countries that are equal to, or better 
than, the standards in the United States model 
bilateral investment treaty. 
(c) MINERALS SECURITY PARTNERSHIP AUTHORIZA-
TION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State, act-
ing through the Under Secretary of State for Eco-
nomic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, is au-
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thorized to lead United States participation in the 
‘‘Minerals Security Partnership’’, for the following 
purposes: 
(A) To identify and support investment 
and advocate for commercial critical mineral 
mining, processing, and refining projects that 
enable robust and secure critical mineral supply 
chains, in consultation with other Federal agen-
cies, as appropriate. 
(B) To coordinate with relevant regional 
bureaus to develop regional diplomatic engage-
ment strategies related to critical minerals 
projects and to identify projects that are prior-
ities. 
(C) To coordinate with United States mis-
sions abroad on projects, programs, and invest-
ments that enable robust and secure critical 
mineral supply chains. 
(D) To coordinate with current and pro-
spective members of the Minerals Security 
Partnership. 
(E) To establish a mechanism for informa-
tion-sharing with members of the Minerals Se-
curity Partnership. 
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(F) To establish policies and procedures, 
and if necessary, to provide funding to facilitate 
cooperation on joint projects with members of 
the Minerals Security Partnership and the Min-
eral Security Forum, including those related to 
cost-sharing agreements, political risk insur-
ance, financing, equity investments, and other 
support, in coordination with other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate. 
(G) If an agreement described in sub-
section (b) is entered into, to support the estab-
lishment of the coalition described in that sub-
section. 
(2) DATABASE.—As part of the Minerals Secu-
rity Partnership, the Secretary, acting through the 
Under Secretary, is authorized to establish and 
maintain a database of critical mineral projects for 
the purpose of providing high quality and up-to-date 
information to the private sector in order to spur 
greater investment, increase the resilience of global 
critical minerals supply chains, and boost United 
States supply. 
(3) QUALIFICATIONS
FOR
PERSONNEL.—With 
respect to staffing personnel to carry out the Min-
erals Security Partnership, the Secretary shall 
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prioritize individuals with the following qualifica-
tions: 
(A) Substantive knowledge and experience 
in issues related to critical minerals supply 
chain and their application to strategic indus-
tries, including in the defense, energy, and tech-
nology sectors. 
(B) Substantive knowledge and experience 
in large-scale multi-donor project financing and 
related technical and diplomatic arrangements, 
international coalition-building, and project 
management. 
(C) Substantive knowledge and experience 
in trade and foreign policy, defense-industrial 
base policy, or national security-sensitive supply 
chain issues. 
(4) PRIVATE SECTOR AND CIVIL SOCIETY CO-
ORDINATION.—The Secretary of State shall ensure 
close coordination between the Department of State, 
the private sector, and relevant civil society groups 
on the implementation of this subsection. 
(5) PROJECT SELECTION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The United States, 
through its participation in the Minerals Secu-
rity Partnership, shall prioritize projects that 
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advance the national and economic security in-
terests of the United States and allies and part-
ners of the United States. 
(B) 
CRITERIA
REQUIREMENTS.—The 
United States shall advocate for the Minerals 
Security Partnership to use environmental, so-
cial, or governance standards, including as cri-
teria for project selection, that are consistent 
with United States law or international agree-
ments approved by Congress. 
(d) UNITED STATES MEMBERSHIP IN THE INTER-
NATIONAL NICKEL STUDY GROUP.— 
(1) UNITED STATES MEMBERSHIP.—The Presi-
dent is authorized to accept the Terms of Reference 
of and maintain membership of the United States in 
the International Nickel Study Group (INSG). 
(2) 
PAYMENTS
OF
ASSESSED
CONTRIBU-
TIONS.—For fiscal year 2026 and thereafter, the 
United States assessed contributions to the INSG 
may be paid from funds appropriated for ‘‘Contribu-
tions to International Organizations’’. 
(e) CRITICAL MINERAL DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term ‘‘critical mineral’’— 
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(1) has the meaning given the term in section 
7002 of the Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606); 
and 
(2) includes any other mineral or mineral mate-
rial determined by the Secretary of State— 
(A) to be essential to the economic or na-
tional security of the United States; and 
(B) to have a supply chain vulnerable to 
disruption. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 
authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State 
$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 to enhance critical min-
eral supply chain security, including to implement this sec-
tion. 
Æ 
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