I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 2313 
To require the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration to develop celestial time standardization to support future oper-
ations and infrastructure on and around the Moon and other celestial 
bodies other than Earth, and for other purposes. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
MARCH 25, 2025 
Ms. MCCLELLAN introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
A BILL 
To require the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration to develop celestial time stand-
ardization to support future operations and infrastruc-
ture on and around the Moon and other celestial bodies 
other than Earth, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Celestial Time Stand-
ardization Act’’. 
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SEC. 2. CELESTIAL TIME STANDARDIZATION. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) United States leadership of a sustained 
presence on the Moon and in deep space exploration 
is important for advancing science, exploration, com-
mercial growth, and international partnership; 
(2) the Artemis and Moon to Mars program of 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
(NASA) will involve governmental, commercial, aca-
demic, and international partners where there is a 
need for interoperability between systems; 
(3) the use of Coordinated Universal Time has 
challenges when used beyond Earth at other celestial 
bodies, due to relativistic effects; 
(4) the United States should lead in developing 
time standardization for the Moon and other celes-
tial bodies other than Earth to support interoper-
ability and safe and sustainable operations; and 
(5) development of such standardization will ad-
vance United States leadership in setting standards 
for global competitiveness, and will benefit other 
spacefaring countries and entities. 
(b) DEVELOPMENT OF CELESTIAL TIME STANDARD-
IZATION.—The Administrator of NASA, in consultation 
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with the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, shall carry out the following: 
(1) Enable the development of celestial time 
standardization, including by leading the study and 
definition of a coordinated lunar time. 
(2) Develop a strategy to implement a coordi-
nated lunar time that would support future oper-
ations and infrastructure on and around the Moon. 
(3) In carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2)— 
(A) coordinate with relevant Federal enti-
ties, including the Department of Commerce, 
the Department of Defense, the Department of 
State, and the Department of Transportation; 
and 
(B) consult with relevant— 
(i) private sector entities; 
(ii) academic entities; and 
(iii) international standards setting 
bodies and international partners. 
(4) Incorporate the following features of a co-
ordinated lunar time, to the extent practicable, in 
the development of the strategy developed pursuant 
to paragraph (2): 
(A) Traceability to Coordinated Universal 
Time. 
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(B) Accuracy sufficient to support preci-
sion navigation and science. 
(C) Resilience to loss of contact with 
Earth. 
(D) Scalability to space environments be-
yond the Earth-Moon system. 
(c) BRIEFING.—Not later than two years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 
NASA shall brief the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate on the strategy developed pursuant to subsection 
(b)(2), including relevant plans, timelines, and resources 
required for the implementation of a coordinated lunar 
time pursuant to such strategy. 
Æ 
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