2943 
(3) the Money Laundering and Asset Recovery 
Section of the Department of Justice. 
SEC. 6135. AUTHORITY TO EXPAND EDUCATIONAL AND 
CULTURAL 
EXCHANGE 
PROGRAMS 
WITH 
LIBYA. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that the United States should expand educational 
and cultural exchange programs with Libya to promote 
mutual understanding and people-to-people linkages be-
tween the United States and Libya. 
(b) AUTHORITY.—The President is authorized to ex-
pand educational and cultural exchange programs with 
Libya, including programs carried out under the following: 
(1) The J. William Fulbright Educational Ex-
change Program referred to in paragraph (1) of sec-
tion 112(a) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural 
Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2460(a)). 
(2) The International Visitors Program referred 
to in paragraph (3) of such section. 
(3) The U.S.–Middle East Partnership Initia-
tive (MEPI) Student Leaders Program. 
(4) The Youth Exchange and Study Program. 
(5) Other related programs administered by the 
Department of State.
2944 
TITLE LXII—DISTRICT OF CO-
LUMBIA 
NATIONAL 
GUARD 
HOME RULE 
SEC. 6251. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘District of Columbia 
National Guard Home Rule Act’’. 
SEC. 6252. EXTENSION OF NATIONAL GUARD AUTHORITIES 
TO MAYOR OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
(a) MAYOR AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF.—Section 6 of 
the Act entitled ‘‘An Act to provide for the organization 
of the militia of the District of Columbia, and for other 
purposes’’, approved March 1, 1889 (sec. 49–409, D.C. 
Official Code), is amended by striking ‘‘President of the 
United States’’ and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of 
Columbia’’. 
(b) RESERVE CORPS.—Section 72 of such Act (sec. 
49–407, D.C. Official Code) is amended by striking 
‘‘President of the United States’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(c) APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.— 
(1) Section 7(a) of such Act (sec. 49–301(a), D.C. Official 
Code) is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘President of the United 
States’’ and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of Co-
lumbia’’; and
2945 
(B) by striking ‘‘President.’’ and inserting 
‘‘Mayor.’’. 
(2) Section 9 of such Act (sec. 49–304, D.C. Official 
Code) is amended by striking ‘‘President’’ and inserting 
‘‘Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(3) Section 13 of such Act (sec. 49–305, D.C. Official 
Code) is amended by striking ‘‘President of the United 
States’’ and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of Colum-
bia’’. 
(4) Section 19 of such Act (sec. 49–311, D.C. Official 
Code) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), by striking ‘‘to the Sec-
retary of the Army’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘which board’’ and inserting ‘‘to a board of exam-
ination appointed by the Commanding General, 
which’’; and 
(B) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘the Sec-
retary of the Army’’ and all that follows through the 
period and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the District of 
Columbia, together with any recommendations of the 
Commanding General.’’. 
(5) Section 20 of such Act (sec. 49–312, D.C. Official 
Code) is amended—
2946 
(A) by striking ‘‘President of the United 
States’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘Mayor 
of the District of Columbia’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘the President may retire’’ and 
inserting ‘‘the Mayor may retire’’. 
(d) CALL FOR DUTY.—(1) Section 45 of such Act 
(sec. 49–103, D.C. Official Code) is amended by striking 
‘‘, or for the United States Marshal’’ and all that follows 
through ‘‘shall thereupon order’’ and inserting ‘‘to order’’. 
(2) Section 46 of such Act (sec. 49–104, D.C. Official 
Code) is amended by striking ‘‘the President’’ and insert-
ing ‘‘the Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(e) GENERAL COURTS MARTIAL.—Section 51 of such 
Act (sec. 49–503, D.C. Official Code) is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘the President of the United States’’ and inserting 
‘‘the Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
SEC. 6253. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 10, 
UNITED STATES CODE. 
(a) FAILURE TO SATISFACTORILY PERFORM PRE-
SCRIBED TRAINING.—Section 10148(b) of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘the commanding 
general of the District of Columbia National Guard’’ and 
inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(b) APPOINTMENT OF CHIEF OF NATIONAL GUARD 
BUREAU.—Section 10502(a)(1) of such title is amended
2947 
by striking ‘‘the commanding general of the District of 
Columbia National Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of 
the District of Columbia’’. 
(c) VICE CHIEF OF NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU.— 
Section 10505(a)(1)(A) of such title is amended by strik-
ing ‘‘the commanding general of the District of Columbia 
National Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the District 
of Columbia’’. 
(d) OTHER SENIOR NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU OF-
FICERS.—Section 10506(a)(1) of such title is amended by 
striking ‘‘the commanding general of the District of Co-
lumbia National Guard’’ both places it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘the Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(e) CONSENT FOR ACTIVE DUTY OR RELOCATION.— 
(1) Section 12301 of such title is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘commanding 
general of the District of Columbia National Guard’’ 
in the second sentence and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the 
District of Columbia’’; and 
(B) in subsection (d), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting the following: ‘‘, or, in the 
case of the District of Columbia National Guard, the 
Mayor of the District of Columbia.’’. 
(2) Section 12406 of such title is amended by striking 
‘‘the commanding general of the National Guard of the
2948 
District of Columbia’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the 
District of Columbia’’. 
(f) CONSENT FOR RELOCATION OF UNITS.—Section 
18238 of such title is amended by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the National Guard of the District of 
Columbia’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the District of Co-
lumbia’’. 
SEC. 6254. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO TITLE 32, 
UNITED STATES CODE. 
(a) MAINTENANCE
OF OTHER TROOPS.—Section 
109(c) of title 32, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ‘‘(or commanding general in the case of the Dis-
trict of Columbia)’’. 
(b) DRUG INTERDICTION AND COUNTER-DRUG AC-
TIVITIES.—Section 112(h)(2) of such title is amended by 
striking ‘‘the Commanding General of the National Guard 
of the District of Columbia’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of 
the District of Columbia’’. 
(c) ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE.—Section 113 of such 
title is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
‘‘(e) INCLUSION
OF DISTRICT
OF COLUMBIA.—In 
this section, the term ‘State’ includes the District of Co-
lumbia.’’.
2949 
(d) APPOINTMENT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL.—Sec-
tion 314 of such title is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (b); 
(2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as 
subsections (b) and (c), respectively; and 
(3) in subsection (b) (as so redesignated), by 
striking ‘‘the commanding general of the District of 
Columbia National Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the 
Mayor of the District of Columbia,’’. 
(e) RELIEF FROM NATIONAL GUARD DUTY.—Sec-
tion 325(a)(2)(B) of such title is amended by striking 
‘‘commanding general of the District of Columbia Na-
tional Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the District 
of Columbia’’. 
(f) AUTHORITY TO ORDER TO PERFORM ACTIVE 
GUARD AND RESERVE DUTY.— 
(1) AUTHORITY.—Subsection (a) of section 328 
of such title is amended by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the District of Columbia Na-
tional Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the Dis-
trict of Columbia’’. 
(2) CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) SECTION HEADING.—The heading of 
such section is amended to read as follows:
2950 
‘‘§ 328. Active Guard and Reserve duty: authority of 
chief executive’’. 
(B) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of 
sections at the beginning of chapter 3 of such 
title is amended by striking the item relating to 
section 328 and inserting the following new 
item: 
‘‘328. Active Guard and Reserve duty: authority of chief executive.’’. 
(g) PERSONNEL MATTERS.—Section 505 of such title 
is amended by striking ‘‘commanding general of the Na-
tional Guard of the District of Columbia’’ in the first sen-
tence and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(h) NATIONAL GUARD CHALLENGE PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 509 of such title is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the District of Columbia Na-
tional Guard, under which the Governor or the com-
manding general’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the 
District of Columbia, under which the Governor or 
the Mayor’’; 
(2) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the District of Columbia Na-
tional Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the Dis-
trict of Columbia’’; 
(3) in subsection (j), by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the District of Columbia Na-
2951 
tional Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the Dis-
trict of Columbia’’; and 
(4) in subsection (k), by striking ‘‘the com-
manding general of the District of Columbia Na-
tional Guard’’ and inserting ‘‘the Mayor of the Dis-
trict of Columbia’’. 
(i) ISSUANCE OF SUPPLIES.—Section 702(a) of such 
title is amended by striking ‘‘commanding general of the 
National Guard of the District of Columbia’’ and inserting 
‘‘Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
(j) APPOINTMENT
OF FISCAL OFFICER.—Section 
708(a) of such title is amended by striking ‘‘commanding 
general of the National Guard of the District of Colum-
bia’’ and inserting ‘‘Mayor of the District of Columbia’’. 
SEC. 6255. CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO THE DISTRICT 
OF COLUMBIA HOME RULE ACT. 
Section 602(b) of the District of Columbia Home 
Rule Act (sec. 1–206.02(b), D.C. Official Code) is amend-
ed by striking ‘‘the National Guard of the District of Co-
lumbia,’’. 
TITLE LXIII—PREVENTING 
FUTURE PANDEMICS 
SEC. 6301. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title:
2952 
(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; 
(B) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the Senate; 
(C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(D) the Committee on Appropriations of 
the House of Representatives. 
(2) COMMERCIAL TRADE IN LIVE WILDLIFE.— 
The term ‘‘commercial trade in live wildlife’’— 
(A) means commercial trade in live wildlife 
for human consumption as food or medicine, 
whether the animals originated in the wild or in 
a captive environment; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) fish; 
(ii) invertebrates; 
(iii) amphibians and reptiles; and 
(iv) the meat of ruminant game spe-
cies— 
(I) traded in markets in coun-
tries with effective implementation
2953 
and 
enforcement 
of 
scientifically 
based, nationally implemented policies 
and legislation for processing, trans- 
port, trade, and marketing; and 
(II) sold after being slaughtered 
and processed under sanitary condi-
tions. 
(3) ONE
HEALTH.—The term ‘‘One Health’’ 
means 
a 
collaborative, 
multi-sectoral, 
and 
transdisciplinary approach working at the local, re-
gional, national, and global levels with the goal of 
achieving optimal health outcomes that recognizes 
the interconnection between— 
(A) people, animals, both wild and domes-
tic, and plants; and 
(B) the environment shared by such peo-
ple, animals, and plants. 
(4) WILDLIFE
MARKET.—The term ‘‘wildlife 
market’’— 
(A) means a commercial market or sub-
section of a commercial market— 
(i) where live mammalian or avian 
wildlife is held, slaughtered, or sold for 
human consumption as food or medicine
2954 
whether the animals originated in the wild 
or in a captive environment; and 
(ii) that delivers a product in commu-
nities where alternative nutritional or pro-
tein sources are readily available and af-
fordable; and 
(B) does not include— 
(i) markets in areas where no other 
practical alternative sources of protein or 
meat exists, such as wildlife markets in 
rural areas on which indigenous people and 
rural local communities rely to feed them- 
selves and their families; and 
(ii) processors of dead wild game and 
fish. 
SEC. 6302. COUNTRY-DRIVEN APPROACH TO END THE COM-
MERCIAL TRADE IN LIVE WILDLIFE AND AS-
SOCIATED WILDLIFE MARKETS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 120 days after the 
completion of the first report required under section 6305, 
the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International De-
velopment and the heads of other relevant Federal depart-
ments and agencies, including the Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention, the Secretary of Agriculture, and
2955 
the Secretary of the Interior, and after consideration of 
the results of best available scientific findings of practices 
and behaviors occurring at the source of zoonoses spillover 
and spread, shall publicly release a list of countries the 
governments of which express willingness to end the do-
mestic and international commercial trade in live wildlife 
and associated wildlife markets for human consumption, 
as defined for purposes of this title— 
(1) immediately; 
(2) after a transitional period; and 
(3) aspirationally, over a long-term period. 
(b) GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY ZOONOSIS PLANS.— 
The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development shall 
work bilaterally with the governments of the countries list-
ed pursuant to subsection (a) to establish Global Health 
Security Zoonoses Plans that— 
(1) outline actions to address novel pathogens 
of zoonotic origin that have the potential to become 
epidemics or pandemics; 
(2) identify incentives and strengthened poli-
cies; and 
(3) provide technical support to communities, 
policy makers, civil society, law enforcement, and 
other stakeholders to—
2956 
(A) end the domestic and international 
commercial trade in live wildlife and associated 
wildlife markets for human consumption imme-
diately, 
during 
a 
transitional 
period, 
or 
aspirationally; and 
(B) improve the biosecurity and sanitation 
conditions in markets. 
(c) UPDATES.—The list of countries required by sub-
section (a), the corresponding Global Health Security Zo-
onosis plans established pursuant to subsection (b), and 
any actions taken under such plans to end the commercial 
trade in live wildlife and associated wildlife markets for 
human consumption immediately, during a transitional pe-
riod, or aspirationally, shall be reviewed, updated, and 
publicly released annually by the Secretary and Adminis-
trator, following review of the most recent scientific data. 
SEC. 6303. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that global institutions, 
including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the 
United Nations, the World Organisation for Animal 
Health, the World Health Organization, and the United 
Nations Environment Programme, together with leading 
intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, 
veterinary and medical colleges, the Department of State,
2957 
and the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, should— 
(1) promote the paradigm of One Health as an 
effective and integrated way to address the com-
plexity of emerging disease threats; and 
(2) support improved community health, bio-
diversity conservation, forest conservation and man-
agement, sustainable agriculture, and the safety of 
livestock, domestic animals, and wildlife in devel-
oping countries, particularly in tropical landscapes 
where there is an elevated risk of zoonotic disease 
spill over. 
SEC. 6304. STATEMENT OF POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States to— 
(1) support the availability of scalable and sus-
tainable alternative sources of protein and nutrition 
for local communities, where appropriate, in order to 
minimize human reliance on the commercial trade in 
live wildlife for human consumption; 
(2) support foreign governments to— 
(A) reduce commercial trade in live wildlife 
for human consumption; 
(B) transition from the commercial trade 
in live wildlife for human consumption to
2958 
sustainably produced alternate protein and nu-
tritional sources; 
(C) establish and effectively manage and 
protect natural habitat, including protected and 
conserved areas and the lands of Indigenous 
peoples and local communities, particularly in 
countries with tropical forest hotspots for 
emerging diseases; 
(D) strengthen veterinary and agricultural 
extension capacity to improve sanitation along 
the value chain and biosecurity of live animal 
markets; and 
(E) strengthen public health capacity, par-
ticularly in countries where there is a high risk 
of emerging zoonotic viruses and other infec-
tious diseases; 
(3) respect the rights and needs of indigenous 
peoples and local communities dependent on such 
wildlife for nutritional needs and food security; and 
(4) facilitate international cooperation by work-
ing with international partners through intergovern-
mental, international, and nongovernmental organi-
zations such as the United Nations to— 
(A) lead a resolution at the United Nations 
Security Council or General Assembly and
2959 
World Health Assembly outlining the danger to 
human and animal health from emerging 
zoonotic infectious diseases, with recommenda-
tions for implementing the closure of wildlife 
markets and prevention of the commercial trade 
in live wildlife for human consumption, except 
where the consumption of wildlife is necessary 
for local food security or where such actions 
would significantly disrupt a readily available 
and irreplaceable food supply; 
(B) raise awareness and build stakeholder 
engagement networks, including civil society, 
the private sector, and local and regional gov-
ernments on the dangerous potential of wildlife 
markets as a source of zoonotic diseases and re-
duce demand for the consumption of wildlife 
through evidence-based behavior change pro-
grams, while ensuring that existing wildlife 
habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as 
part of this process; 
(C) encourage and support alternative 
forms of sustainable food production, farming, 
and shifts to sustainable sources of protein and 
nutrition instead of terrestrial wildlife, where 
able and appropriate, and reduce consumer de-
2960 
mand for terrestrial and freshwater wildlife 
through enhanced local and national food sys-
tems, especially in areas where wildlife markets 
play a significant role in meeting subsistence 
needs while ensuring that existing wildlife habi-
tat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part 
of this process; and 
(D) strive to increase biosecurity and hygi-
enic standards implemented in farms, gathering 
centers, transport, and market systems around 
the globe, especially those specializing in the 
provision of products intended for human con-
sumption. 
SEC. 6305. PREVENTION OF FUTURE ZOONOTIC SPILLOVER 
EVENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for Inter-
national Development, in consultation with the Director 
of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Sec-
retary of Agriculture, the Director of the Centers for Dis-
ease Control and Prevention, and the heads of other rel-
evant departments and agencies, shall work with foreign 
governments, multilateral entities, intergovernmental or-
ganizations, international partners, private sector part-
ners, and nongovernmental organizations to carry out ac-
2961 
tivities supporting the following objectives, recognizing 
that multiple interventions will likely be necessary to make 
an impact, and that interventions will need to be tailored 
to the situation to— 
(1) pursuant to section 6302, close wildlife mar-
kets and prevent associated commercial trade in live 
wildlife, placing a priority focus on countries with 
significant markets for live wildlife for human con-
sumption, high-volume commercial trade and associ-
ated markets, trade in and across urban centers, 
and trade for luxury consumption or where there is 
no dietary necessity— 
(A) through existing treaties, conventions, 
and agreements; 
(B) by amending existing protocols or 
agreements; 
(C) by pursuing new protocols; or 
(D) by other means of international coordi-
nation; 
(2) improve regulatory oversight and reduce 
commercial trade in live wildlife and eliminate prac-
tices identified to contribute to zoonotic spillover and 
emerging pathogens;
2962 
(3) prevent commercial trade in live wildlife 
through programs that combat wildlife trafficking 
and poaching, including— 
(A) providing assistance to improve law en-
forcement; 
(B) detecting and deterring the illegal im-
port, transit, sale, and export of wildlife; 
(C) strengthening such programs to assist 
countries through legal reform; 
(D) improving information sharing and en-
hancing capabilities of participating foreign 
governments; 
(E) supporting efforts to change behavior 
and reduce demand for such wildlife products; 
(F) leveraging United States private sector 
technologies and expertise to scale and enhance 
enforcement responses to detect and prevent 
such trade; and 
(G) strengthening collaboration with key 
private sector entities in the transportation in-
dustry to prevent and report the transport of 
such wildlife and wildlife products; 
(4) leverage strong United States bilateral rela-
tionships to support new and existing inter-Ministe-
2963 
rial collaborations or Task Forces that can serve as 
regional One Health models; 
(5) build local agricultural and food safety ca-
pacity by leveraging expertise from the United 
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and in-
stitutions of higher education with agricultural or 
natural resource expertise; 
(6) work through international organizations to 
help develop a set of objective risk-based metrics 
that provide a cross-country comparable measure of 
the level of risk posed by wildlife trade and mar-
keting and can be used to track progress nations 
make in reducing risks, identify where resources 
should be focused, and potentially leverage a peer in-
fluence effect; 
(7) increase efforts to prevent the degradation 
and fragmentation of forests and other intact eco-
systems to minimize interactions between wildlife 
and human and livestock populations that could con-
tribute to spillover events and zoonotic disease trans-
mission, including by providing assistance or sup-
porting policies to, for example— 
(A) conserve, protect, and restore the in-
tegrity of such ecosystems;
2964 
(B) support the rights and needs of Indige-
nous People and local communities and their 
ability to continue their effective stewardship of 
their traditional lands and territories; 
(C) support the establishment and effective 
management of protected areas, prioritizing 
highly intact areas; and 
(D) prevent activities that result in the de-
struction, degradation, fragmentation, or con-
version of intact forests and other intact eco-
systems and biodiversity strongholds, including 
by governments, private sector entities, and 
multilateral development financial institutions; 
(8) offer appropriate alternative livelihood and 
worker training programs and enterprise develop-
ment to wildlife traders, wildlife breeders, and local 
communities whose members are engaged in the 
commercial trade in live wildlife for human con-
sumption; 
(9) ensure that the rights of indigenous peoples 
and local communities are respected and their au-
thority to exercise these rights is protected; 
(10) strengthen global capacity for prevention, 
prediction, and detection of novel and existing 
zoonoses with pandemic potential, including the sup-
2965 
port of innovative technologies in coordination with 
the United States Agency for International Develop-
ment, the Centers for Disease Control and Preven-
tion, and other relevant departments and agencies; 
and 
(11) support the development of One Health 
systems at the local, regional, national, and global 
levels in coordination with the United States Agency 
for International Development, the Centers for Dis-
ease Control and Prevention, and other relevant de-
partments and agencies, particularly in emerging in-
fectious disease hotspots, through a collaborative, 
multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach that 
recognizes the interconnections among people, ani-
mals, plants, and their shared environment to 
achieve equitable and sustainable health outcomes. 
(b) ACTIVITIES MAY INCLUDE.— 
(1) GLOBAL COOPERATION.—The United States 
Government, working through the United Nations 
and its components, as well as international organi-
zation such as Interpol, the Food and Agriculture 
Organization of the United Nations, and the World 
Organisation for Animal Health, and in furtherance 
of the policies described in section 6304, shall—
2966 
(A) collaborate with other member States, 
issue declarations, statements, and commu-
niques urging countries to close wildlife mar-
kets, and prevent commercial trade in live wild-
life for human consumption; and 
(B) urge increased enforcement of existing 
laws to end wildlife trafficking. 
(2) INTERNATIONAL
COALITIONS.—The Sec-
retary of State shall seek to build new, and support 
existing, international coalitions focused on closing 
wildlife markets and preventing commercial trade in 
live wildlife for human consumption, with a focus on 
the following efforts: 
(A) Providing assistance and advice to 
other governments in the adoption of legislation 
and regulations to close wildlife markets and 
associated trade over such timeframe and in 
such manner as to minimize the increase of 
wildlife trafficking and poaching. 
(B) Creating economic and enforcement 
pressure for the immediate shut down of uncon-
trolled, unsanitary, or illicit wildlife markets 
and their supply chains to prevent their oper-
ation.
2967 
(C) Providing assistance and guidance to 
other governments on measures to prohibit the 
import, export, and domestic commercial trade 
in live wildlife for the purpose of human con-
sumption. 
(D) Implementing risk reduction interven-
tions and control options to address zoonotic 
spillover along the supply chain for the wildlife 
market system. 
(E) Engaging and receiving guidance from 
key stakeholders at the ministerial, local gov-
ernment, and civil society level, including Indig-
enous Peoples, in countries that will be im-
pacted by this title and where wildlife markets 
and associated wildlife trade are the predomi-
nant source of meat or protein, in order to miti-
gate the impact of any international efforts on 
food security, nutrition, local customs, conserva-
tion methods, or cultural norms. 
(c) UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 
DEVELOPMENT.— 
(1) SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS FUNDING.— 
(A) 
AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIA-
TIONS.—In addition to any other amounts pro-
vided for such purposes, there is authorized to
2968 
be appropriated such sums as necessary for 
each of fiscal years 2023 through 2032 to the 
United States Agency for International Devel-
opment to reduce demand for consumption of 
wildlife from wildlife markets and support shifts 
to diversified alternative and sustainably pro-
duced sources of nutritious food and protein in 
communities that rely upon the consumption of 
wildlife for food security, while ensuring that 
existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon 
or destroyed as part of this process, using a 
multisectoral approach and including support 
for demonstration programs. 
(B) ACTIVITIES.—The Bureau for Devel-
opment, Democracy and Innovation (DDI), the 
Bureau for Resilience and Food Security 
(RFS), and the Bureau for Global Health (GH) 
of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall, in partnership with United 
States and international institutions of higher 
education and nongovernmental organizations, 
co-develop approaches focused on safe, sustain-
able food systems that support and incentivize 
the replacement of terrestrial wildlife in diets, 
while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is
2969 
not encroached upon or destroyed as part of 
this process. 
(2) ADDRESSING
THREATS
AND
CAUSES
OF 
ZOONOTIC
DISEASE
OUTBREAKS.—The Adminis-
trator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, in consultation with the Secretary of 
the Interior, shall increase activities in United States 
Agency for International Development programs re-
lated to conserving biodiversity, combating wildlife 
trafficking, sustainable landscapes, global health, 
food security, and resilience in order to address the 
threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks, in-
cluding through— 
(A) education; 
(B) capacity building; 
(C) strengthening human, livestock, and 
wildlife health monitoring systems of pathogens 
of zoonotic origin to support early detection and 
reporting of novel and known pathogens for 
emergence of zoonotic disease and strength-
ening cross-sectoral collaboration to align risk 
reduction approaches in consultation with the 
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and 
the Secretary of Health and Human Services;
2970 
(D) improved domestic and wild animal 
disease monitoring and control at production 
and market levels; 
(E) development of alternative livelihood 
opportunities where possible; 
(F) preventing degradation and fragmenta-
tion of forests and other intact ecosystems and 
restoring the integrity of such ecosystems, par-
ticularly in tropical countries, to prevent the 
creation of new pathways for zoonotic pathogen 
transmission that arise from interactions among 
wildlife, humans, and livestock populations; 
(G) minimizing interactions between do-
mestic livestock and wild animals in markets 
and captive production; 
(H) supporting shifts from wildlife markets 
to diversified, safe, affordable, and accessible al-
ternative sources of protein and nutrition 
through enhanced local and national food sys-
tems while ensuring that existing wildlife habi-
tat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part 
of this process; 
(I) improving community health, forest 
management practices, and safety of livestock 
production in tropical landscapes, particularly