SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR ‘‘AI’’.—The 
term ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ has the meaning given 
such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 
note). 
(2) ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
MODEL.—The 
term ‘‘artificial intelligence model’’ means a software 
component of an information system that imple-
ments artificial intelligence technology and uses 
computational, statistical, or machine-learning tech-
niques to produce outputs from a defined set of in-
puts. 
(3) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM.—The 
term ‘‘artificial intelligence system’’ means any data 
system, hardware, tool, or utility that operates, in 
whole or in part, using artificial intelligence. 
(4) AUTOMATED DECISION SYSTEM.—The term 
‘‘automated decision system’’ means any computa-
tional process derived from machine learning, statis-
tical modeling, data analytics, or artificial intel-
ligence that issues a simplified output, including a 
score, classification, or recommendation, to materi-
ally influence or replace human decision-making. 
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SEC. 3. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds the following: 
(1) The United States stands at a new frontier 
of scientific discovery driven by transformative tech-
nologies such as artificial intelligence. 
(2) Breakthroughs in these fields have the po-
tential to reshape the global balance of power, spark 
entirely new industries, and revolutionize the way 
Americans live and work. 
(3) Global competitors are racing to develop 
and deploy these technologies to gain strategic ad-
vantage. 
(4) Securing that future requires harnessing 
the full power of American innovation across the pri-
vate sector, academia, and government. 
(5) The United States leads the world in AI 
due to a thriving innovation, investment, and devel-
opment environment; and a flexible, sector-specific 
regulatory framework. 
(6) A patchwork of divergent State AI rules 
creates conflicting requirements, forces firms to 
navigate multiple agencies, and can deter invest-
ment. 
(7) Small businesses face disproportionate com-
pliance burdens from unclear or fragmented AI 
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rules; clarity and sector-specific guidance are need-
ed. 
(8) There is no universal legal definition of ‘‘ar-
tificial intelligence’’; any Federal action that pre-
empts State AI laws should precisely define its 
scope. 
(9) AI governance standards are still maturing 
(including the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology’s AI Risk Management Framework); a 
uniform national approach during this build-out sup-
ports responsible adoption. 
SEC. 4. POLICY. 
It is the policy of the United States that— 
(1) Sustaining and enhancing America’s global 
AI dominance is necessary to promote human flour-
ishing and economic competitiveness. 
(2) It is a national security imperative for the 
United States to achieve and maintain unquestioned 
and unchallenged global technological dominance. 
(3) Federal AI governance should affirm a sec-
toral, technology-neutral, incremental approach that 
leverages primary regulators’ expertise. 
(4) A permissive national framework should en-
able the development of AI models and systems in 
interstate commerce for a defined period to prevent 
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state-by-state regulatory uncertainty while national 
guardrails are developed. 
(5) Federal policy should anchor AI risk man-
agement in nationally recognized principles and 
guidance to promote consistent, predictable compli-
ance. 
(6) Regulations should minimize dispropor-
tionate burdens on small businesses and support 
their ability to adopt AI tools and compete. 
(7) Federal preemption of State AI laws should 
use precise definitions, be time limited and be clear 
in scope to avoid ambiguity and unnecessary litiga-
tion. 
SEC. 5. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACTION 
PLAN. 
(a) ACTION PLAN REQUIRED.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Presi-
dent, acting through the Assistant to the President for 
Science and Technology (or the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy), the Special Advisor for 
Artificial Intelligence and Crypto (or such official as the 
President may designate with substantially similar respon-
sibilities), and the Assistant to the President for National 
Security Affairs, in coordination with the Assistant to the 
President for Economic Policy, the Assistant to the Presi-
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dent for Domestic Policy, the Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB Director), and the heads 
of such executive departments and agencies as appro-
priate, shall develop and submit to Congress a National 
Artificial Intelligence Action Plan (in this section, the 
‘‘Action Plan’’) to carry out the policy in section 4. 
(b) ANNUAL UPDATES.—Not later than 1 year after 
the submission required by subsection (a), and annually 
thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress an up-
date on implementation of, and any revisions to, the Ac-
tion Plan. 
(c) CONTENTS OF THE ACTION PLAN.—The Action 
Plan shall, at a minimum— 
(1) identify actions to remove barriers to Amer-
ican AI innovation across the Federal Government, 
and at the State and local level, including procure-
ment, licensing, permitting, routing, zoning, and re-
porting processes; 
(2) set measurable goals, timelines, and agency 
roles for advancing AI research and development; 
testing, evaluation, verification, and validation; and 
adoption of safe, secure, and trustworthy AI in Fed-
eral missions; 
(3) align Federal risk management and govern-
ance with nationally recognized standards and guid-
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ance, including frameworks and profiles developed by 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
and identify any additional standards work needed; 
(4) outline steps to strengthen critical-infra-
structure security, national-security applications, 
supply-chain resilience, and incident reporting rel-
evant to AI; 
(5) include measures to reduce disproportionate 
compliance burdens on small businesses and expand 
access to foundation models, computing resources, 
datasets, and technical assistance; and 
(6) set metrics to evaluate progress and a ca-
dence for interagency coordination and public re-
porting. 
(d) 
REVIEW
OF
EXECUTIVE
ACTIONS; 
CON-
FORMITY.—As part of the Action Plan, the officials identi-
fied in subsection (a), in coordination with the heads of 
relevant agencies— 
(1) shall review all policies, directives, regula-
tions, orders, guidance, and other actions taken pur-
suant to Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 
2023 (Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development 
and Use of Artificial Intelligence), and provide a sta-
tus update on actions taken pursuant to Executive 
Order 14179 of January 23, 2025 (Removing Bar-
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riers to American Leadership in Artificial Intel-
ligence); and identify any such actions under either 
Executive Order that are or may be inconsistent 
with the policy in section 4; and, 
(2) for any action identified under paragraph 
(1), the head of the relevant agency shall, as appro-
priate and consistent with applicable law, suspend, 
revise, or rescind such action, or propose doing so. 
If immediate final action is not possible, the agency 
shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide avail-
able exemptions until such action can be finalized. 
(e) REVIEW
OF CONFLICTING STATE LAW; REC-
OMMENDATION
ON
PREEMPTION
SCOPE
AND
DURA-
TION.—The Action Plan shall— 
(1) identify State and local laws, regulations, or 
policies that conflict with, or unduly burden, the 
achievement of the policy in section 4 or implemen-
tation of the Action Plan; and, 
(2) provide recommendations to Congress on 
whether to adjust the scope or length of the State- 
law preemption in section 6, including options such 
as extension of the five-year moratorium, clarifica-
tions to covered systems or activities, safe harbors, 
or other refinements, with a statement of rationale. 
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(f) SUBMISSION; COMMITTEES.—Each submission re-
quired under this section shall be transmitted to the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Presi-
dent of the Senate and, at a minimum, to the Committees 
on Energy and Commerce; Judiciary; Education and the 
Workforce; Science, Space, and Technology; and Oversight 
and Government Reform of the House of Representatives; 
and to the Committees on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation; Judiciary; Health, Education, Labor, and Pen-
sions; and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate. 
SEC. 6. STATE LAW PREEMPTION; TEMPORARY MORATO-
RIUM. 
(a) MORATORIUM.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in para-
graph (2), no State or political subdivision thereof 
may enforce, during the 5-year period beginning on 
the date of the enactment of this Act, any law or 
regulation of that State or a political subdivision 
thereof limiting, restricting, or otherwise regulating 
artificial intelligence models, artificial intelligence 
systems, or automated decision systems entered into 
interstate commerce. 
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(2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Paragraph (1) 
may not be construed to prohibit the enforcement 
of— 
(A) any law or regulation that— 
(i) the primary purpose and effect of 
which is to— 
(I) remove legal impediments to, 
or facilitate the deployment or oper-
ation of, an artificial intelligence 
model, artificial intelligence system, or 
automated decision system; or 
(II) streamline licensing, permit-
ting, routing, zoning, procurement, or 
reporting procedures in a manner that 
facilitates the adoption of artificial in-
telligence models, artificial intelligence 
systems, or automated decision sys-
tems; 
(ii) does not impose any substantive 
design, performance, data-handling, docu-
mentation, civil liability, taxation, fee, or 
other requirement on artificial intelligence 
models, artificial intelligence systems, or 
automated decision systems unless such re-
quirement— 
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(I) is imposed under Federal law; 
or 
(II) in the case of a requirement 
imposed under a generally applicable 
law, is imposed in the same manner 
on models and systems, other than ar-
tificial intelligence models, artificial 
intelligence systems, and automated 
decision systems, that provide com-
parable functions to artificial intel-
ligence models, artificial intelligence 
systems, or automated decision sys-
tems; and 
(iii) does not impose a fee or bond un-
less— 
(I) such fee or bond is reasonable 
and cost-based; and 
(II) under such fee or bond, arti-
ficial intelligence models, artificial in-
telligence systems, and automated de-
cision systems are treated in the same 
manner as other models and systems 
that perform comparable functions; or 
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(B) any provision of a law or regulation to 
the extent that the violation of such provision 
carries a criminal penalty. 
(b) NO PREEMPTION OF GENERALLY APPLICABLE 
CRIMINAL LAW.—Nothing in this section shall be con-
strued to preempt generally applicable criminal laws of a 
State or political subdivision thereof. 
(c) NO EFFECT ON CONTRACTING BY THE STATE.— 
Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit a State 
or political subdivision from setting performance, security, 
or other requirements for its own procurement or use of 
artificial intelligence systems, provided such requirements 
do not operate as de facto regulations of private parties 
beyond the government’s role as a market participant. 
SEC. 7. GENERAL RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
Except as expressly provided in section 6 (State-law 
preemption), nothing in this Act shall be construed— 
(1) to authorize any Federal agency to impose 
substantive design, performance, data-handling, doc-
umentation, or civil-liability requirements on artifi-
cial intelligence models or systems beyond authority 
otherwise provided by law; or 
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(2) to limit the enforcement of generally appli-
cable, technology-neutral criminal laws or other au-
thorities otherwise provided by law. 
Æ 
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