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not comply with the limitations, prohibitions, and report-
ing requirements of this Act (or any disbursement to or 
on behalf of any account of a political committee which 
is established for the purpose of accepting such donations 
or contributions);’’. 
(b) CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH CORPORATE PACS 
MAY MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPENDITURES.—Sec-
tion 316(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 30118(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(8) A separate segregated fund established by a cor-
poration may not make a contribution or expenditure dur-
ing a year unless the fund has certified to the Commission 
the following during the year: 
‘‘(A) Each individual who manages the fund, 
and who is responsible for exercising decisionmaking 
authority for the fund, is a citizen of the United 
States or is lawfully admitted for permanent resi-
dence in the United States. 
‘‘(B) No foreign national under section 319 
participates in any way in the decisionmaking proc-
esses of the fund with regard to contributions or ex-
penditures under this Act. 
‘‘(C) The fund does not solicit or accept rec-
ommendations from any foreign national under sec-
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tion 319 with respect to the contributions or expend-
itures made by the fund. 
‘‘(D) Any member of the board of directors of 
the corporation who is a foreign national under sec-
tion 319 abstains from voting on matters concerning 
the fund or its activities.’’. 
SEC. 203. AUDIT AND REPORT ON ILLICIT FOREIGN MONEY 
IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.) is 
amended by inserting after section 319 the following new 
section: 
‘‘SEC. 319A. AUDIT AND REPORT ON DISBURSEMENTS BY 
FOREIGN NATIONALS. 
‘‘(a) AUDIT.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall con-
duct an audit after each Federal election cycle to de-
termine the incidence of illicit foreign money in such 
Federal election cycle. 
‘‘(2) PROCEDURES.—In carrying out paragraph 
(1), the Commission shall conduct random audits of 
any disbursements required to be reported under 
this Act, in accordance with procedures established 
by the Commission. 
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‘‘(b) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the end 
of each Federal election cycle, the Commission shall sub-
mit to Congress a report containing— 
‘‘(1) results of the audit required by subsection 
(a)(1); 
‘‘(2) an analysis of the extent to which illicit 
foreign money was used to carry out disinformation 
and propaganda campaigns focused on depressing 
turnout among rural communities and the success or 
failure of these efforts, together with recommenda-
tions to address these efforts in future elections; 
‘‘(3) an analysis of the extent to which illicit 
foreign money was used to carry out disinformation 
and propaganda campaigns focused on depressing 
turnout among African-American and other minority 
communities and the success or failure of these ef-
forts, together with recommendations to address 
these efforts in future elections; 
‘‘(4) an analysis of the extent to which illicit 
foreign money was used to carry out disinformation 
and propaganda campaigns focused on influencing 
military and veteran communities and the success or 
failure of these efforts, together with recommenda-
tions to address these efforts in future elections; and 
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‘‘(5) recommendations to address the presence 
of illicit foreign money in elections, as appropriate. 
‘‘(c) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘Federal election cycle’ means 
the period which begins on the day after the date of 
a regularly scheduled general election for Federal of-
fice and which ends on the date of the first regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office held 
after such date. 
‘‘(2) The term ‘illicit foreign money’ means any 
disbursement by a foreign national (as defined in 
section 319(b)) prohibited under such section.’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to the Federal elec-
tion cycle that began during November 2018, and each 
succeeding Federal election cycle. 
SEC. 204. PROHIBITION ON CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONA-
TIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS IN CONNEC-
TIONS 
WITH 
BALLOT 
INITIATIVES 
AND 
REFERENDA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 319(a)(1)(A) of the Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30121(a)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ‘‘election’’ and in-
serting the following: ‘‘election, including a State or local 
ballot initiative or referendum’’. 
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(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by 
this section shall apply with respect to elections held in 
2020 or any succeeding year. 
SEC. 205. EXPANSION OF LIMITATIONS ON FOREIGN NA-
TIONALS PARTICIPATING IN POLITICAL AD-
VERTISING. 
(a) 
DISBURSEMENTS
DESCRIBED.—Section 
319(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(52 U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of subparagraph 
(B); and 
(2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(C) an expenditure; 
‘‘(D) an independent expenditure; 
‘‘(E) a disbursement for an electioneering 
communication (within the meaning of section 
304(f)(3)); 
‘‘(F) a disbursement for a communication 
which is placed or promoted for a fee on a 
website, web application, or digital application 
that refers to a clearly identified candidate for 
election for Federal office and is disseminated 
within 60 days before a general, special or run-
off election for the office sought by the can-
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didate or 30 days before a primary or pref-
erence election, or a convention or caucus of a 
political party that has authority to nominate a 
candidate for the office sought by the can-
didate; 
‘‘(G) a disbursement for a broadcast, cable 
or satellite communication, or for a communica-
tion which is placed or promoted for a fee on 
a website, web application, or digital applica-
tion, that promotes, supports, attacks or op-
poses the election of a clearly identified can-
didate for Federal, State, or local office (re-
gardless of whether the communication contains 
express advocacy or the functional equivalent of 
express advocacy); 
‘‘(H) a disbursement for a broadcast, 
cable, or satellite communication, or for any 
communication which is placed or promoted for 
a fee on an online platform (as defined in sec-
tion 304(k)(3)), that discusses a national legis-
lative issue of public importance in a year in 
which a regularly scheduled general election for 
Federal office is held, but only if the disburse-
ment is made by a covered foreign national de-
scribed in section 304(j)(3)(C); or 
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‘‘(I) a disbursement by a covered foreign 
national described in section 304(j)(3)(C) to 
compensate any person for internet activity that 
promotes, supports, attacks or opposes the elec-
tion of a clearly identified candidate for Fed-
eral, State, or local office (regardless of whether 
the activity communication contains express ad-
vocacy or the functional equivalent of express 
advocacy);’’. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by 
this section shall apply with respect to disbursements 
made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 206. PROHIBITING ESTABLISHMENT OF CORPORATION 
TO 
CONCEAL 
ELECTION 
CONTRIBUTIONS 
AND DONATIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Chapter 29 of title 18, United 
States Code is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘§ 612. Establishment of corporation to conceal elec-
tion contributions and donations by for-
eign nationals 
‘‘(a) OFFENSE.—It shall be unlawful for an owner, 
officer, attorney, or incorporation agent of a corporation, 
company, or other entity to establish or use the corpora-
tion, company, or other entity with the intent to conceal 
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an activity of a foreign national (as defined in section 319 
of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30121)) prohibited under such section 319. 
‘‘(b) PENALTY.—Any person who violates subsection 
(a) shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, fined 
under this title, or both.’’. 
(b) TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The table of sections for 
chapter 29 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the item relating to section 611 the fol-
lowing: 
‘‘612. Establishment of corporation to conceal election contributions and dona-
tions by foreign nationals.’’. 
TITLE III—DETERRING FOREIGN 
INTERFERENCE IN ELECTIONS 
Subtitle A—Deterrence Under Fed-
eral Election Campaign Act of 
1971 
SEC. 301. RESTRICTIONS ON EXCHANGE OF CAMPAIGN IN-
FORMATION 
BETWEEN 
CANDIDATES 
AND 
FOREIGN POWERS. 
Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121), as amended by section 117 
and section 201(b), is further amended by adding at the 
end the following new subsection: 
‘‘(e) RESTRICTIONS ON EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 
BETWEEN CANDIDATES AND FOREIGN POWERS.— 
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‘‘(1) TREATMENT OF OFFER TO SHARE NON-
PUBLIC CAMPAIGN MATERIAL AS SOLICITATION OF 
CONTRIBUTION
FROM
FOREIGN
NATIONAL.—If a 
candidate or an individual affiliated with the cam-
paign of a candidate, or if a political committee or 
an individual affiliated with a political committee, 
provides or offers to provide nonpublic campaign 
material to a covered foreign national or to another 
person whom the candidate, committee, or individual 
knows or has reason to know will provide the mate-
rial to a covered foreign national, the candidate, 
committee, or individual (as the case may be) shall 
be considered for purposes of this section to have so-
licited a contribution or donation described in sub-
section (a)(1)(A) from a foreign national. 
‘‘(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the fol-
lowing definitions apply: 
‘‘(A) The term ‘candidate’ means an indi-
vidual who seeks nomination for, or election to, 
any Federal, State, or local public office. 
‘‘(B) The term ‘covered foreign national’ 
has the meaning given such term in section 
304(j)(3)(C). 
‘‘(C) The term ‘individual affiliated with a 
campaign’ means, with respect to a candidate, 
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an employee of any organization legally author-
ized under Federal, State, or local law to sup-
port the candidate’s campaign for nomination 
for, or election to, any Federal, State, or local 
public office, as well as any independent con-
tractor of such an organization and any indi-
vidual who performs services on behalf of the 
organization, whether paid or unpaid. 
‘‘(D) The term ‘individual affiliated with a 
political committee’ means, with respect to a 
political committee, an employee of the com-
mittee as well as any independent contractor of 
the committee and any individual who performs 
services on behalf of the committee, whether 
paid or unpaid. 
‘‘(E) The term ‘nonpublic campaign mate-
rial’ means, with respect to a candidate or a po-
litical committee, campaign material that is 
produced by the candidate or the committee or 
produced at the candidate or committee’s ex-
pense or request which is not distributed or 
made available to the general public or other-
wise in the public domain, including polling and 
focus group data and opposition research, ex-
cept that such term does not include material 
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produced for purposes of consultations relating 
solely to the candidate’s or committee’s position 
on a legislative or policy matter.’’. 
SEC. 302. CLARIFICATION OF STANDARD FOR DETER-
MINING EXISTENCE OF COORDINATION BE-
TWEEN CAMPAIGNS AND OUTSIDE INTER-
ESTS. 
Section 315(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30116(a)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(10) For purposes of paragraph (7), an expenditure 
or disbursement may be considered to have been made in 
cooperation, consultation, or concert with, or coordinated 
with, a person without regard to whether or not the co-
operation, consultation, or coordination is carried out pur-
suant to agreement or formal collaboration.’’. 
SEC. 303. PROHIBITION ON PROVISION OF SUBSTANTIAL 
ASSISTANCE RELATING TO CONTRIBUTION 
OR DONATION BY FOREIGN NATIONALS. 
Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30121), as amended by section 117, 
section 201(a), section 201(b), and section 301, is further 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
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(A) by striking ‘‘or’’ at the end of para-
graph (2); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of 
paragraph (3) and inserting ‘‘; or’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) a person to knowingly provide substantial 
assistance to another person in carrying out an ac-
tivity described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3).’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new sub-
sections: 
‘‘(f) KNOWINGLY DESCRIBED.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of subsection 
(a)(4), the term ‘knowingly’ means actual knowl-
edge, constructive knowledge, awareness of pertinent 
facts that would lead a reasonable person to con-
clude there is a substantial probability, or awareness 
of pertinent facts that would lead a reasonable per-
son to conduct a reasonable inquiry to establish— 
‘‘(A) with respect to an activity described 
in subsection (a)(1), that the contribution, do-
nation, expenditure, independent expenditure, 
or disbursement is from a foreign national; 
‘‘(B) with respect to an activity described 
in subsection (a)(2), that the contribution or 
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‘‘(g) SUBSTANTIAL ASSISTANCE DEFINED.—As used 
in this section, the term ‘substantial assistance’ means, 
with respect to an activity prohibited by paragraph (1), 
(2), or (3) of subsection (a), involvement with an intent 
to facilitate successful completion of the activity.’’. 
Subtitle B—Prohibiting Deceptive 
Practices and Preventing Voter 
Intimidation 
SEC. 311. SHORT TITLE. 
This subtitle may be cited as the ‘‘Deceptive Prac-
tices and Voter Intimidation Prevention Act of 2019’’. 
SEC. 312. PROHIBITION ON DECEPTIVE PRACTICES IN FED-
ERAL ELECTIONS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Subsection (b) of section 2004 of 
the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(b)) is amended— 
(1) by striking ‘‘No person’’ and inserting the 
following: 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—No person’’; and 
(2) by inserting at the end the following new 
paragraphs: 
‘‘(2) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING FEDERAL 
ELECTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—No person, whether 
acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, 
within 90 days before an election described in 
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paragraph (5), by any means, including by 
means of written, electronic, or telephonic com-
munications, communicate or cause to be com-
municated information described in subpara-
graph (B), or produce information described in 
subparagraph (B) with the intent that such in-
formation be communicated, if such person— 
‘‘(i) knows such information to be ma-
terially false; and 
‘‘(ii) has the intent to impede or pre-
vent another person from exercising the 
right to vote in an election described in 
paragraph (5). 
‘‘(B) INFORMATION
DESCRIBED.—Infor-
mation is described in this subparagraph if such 
information is regarding— 
‘‘(i) the time, place, or manner of 
holding any election described in para-
graph (5); or 
‘‘(ii) the qualifications for or restric-
tions on voter eligibility for any such elec-
tion, including— 
‘‘(I) any criminal penalties asso-
ciated with voting in any such elec-
tion; or 
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‘‘(II) information regarding a 
voter’s registration status or eligi-
bility. 
‘‘(3) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING PUBLIC 
ENDORSEMENTS.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—No person, whether 
acting under color of law or otherwise, shall, 
within 90 days before an election described in 
paragraph (5), by any means, including by 
means of written, electronic, or telephonic com-
munications, communicate, or cause to be com-
municated, a materially false statement about 
an endorsement, if such person— 
‘‘(i) knows such statement to be false; 
and 
‘‘(ii) has the intent to impede or pre-
vent another person from exercising the 
right to vote in an election described in 
paragraph (5). 
‘‘(B) 
DEFINITION
OF
‘MATERIALLY 
FALSE’.—For purposes of subparagraph (A), a 
statement about an endorsement is ‘materially 
false’ if, with respect to an upcoming election 
described in paragraph (5)— 
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‘‘(i) the statement states that a spe-
cifically named person, political party, or 
organization has endorsed the election of a 
specific candidate for a Federal office de-
scribed in such paragraph; and 
‘‘(ii) such person, political party, or 
organization has not endorsed the election 
of such candidate. 
‘‘(4) HINDERING, INTERFERING WITH, OR PRE-
VENTING VOTING OR REGISTERING TO VOTE.—No 
person, whether acting under color of law or other-
wise, shall intentionally hinder, interfere with, or 
prevent another person from voting, registering to 
vote, or aiding another person to vote or register to 
vote in an election described in paragraph (5). 
‘‘(5) ELECTION DESCRIBED.—An election de-
scribed in this paragraph is any general, primary, 
run-off, or special election held solely or in part for 
the purpose of nominating or electing a candidate 
for the office of President, Vice President, presi-
dential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of 
the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Com-
missioner from a Territory or possession.’’. 
(b) PRIVATE RIGHT OF ACTION.— 
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(1) IN
GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section 
2004 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(c)) 
is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Whenever any person’’ 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘(1) Whenever any person’’; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(2) Any person aggrieved by a violation of 
subsection (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) may institute a 
civil action for preventive relief, including an appli-
cation in a United States district court for a perma-
nent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or 
other order. In any such action, the court, in its dis-
cretion, may allow the prevailing party a reasonable 
attorney’s fee as part of the costs.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— 
(A) Subsection (e) of section 2004 of the 
Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(e)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘subsection (c)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)’’. 
(B) Subsection (g) of section 2004 of the 
Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101(g)) is 
amended by striking ‘‘subsection (c)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘subsection (c)(1)’’. 
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(c) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.— 
(1) DECEPTIVE ACTS.—Section 594 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking ‘‘Whoever’’ and inserting 
the following: 
‘‘(a) INTIMIDATION.—Whoever’’; 
(B) in subsection (a), as inserted by sub-
paragraph (A), by striking ‘‘at any election’’ 
and inserting ‘‘at any general, primary, run-off, 
or special election’’; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
subsections: 
‘‘(b) DECEPTIVE ACTS.— 
‘‘(1) FALSE STATEMENTS REGARDING FEDERAL 
ELECTIONS.— 
‘‘(A) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful 
for any person, whether acting under color of 
law or otherwise, within 90 days before an elec-
tion described in subsection (e), by any means, 
including by means of written, electronic, or tel-
ephonic communications, to communicate or 
cause to be communicated information de-
scribed in subparagraph (B), or produce infor-
mation described in subparagraph (B) with the 
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