1449 
SEC. 1506. CYBERSECURITY OF MILITARY STANDARDS FOR 
DATA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—No later than 270 days after en-
actment of this act, the principal staff assistant des-
ignated with primary responsibility for the Strategic Cy-
bersecurity Program of the Department of Defense pursu-
ant to paragraph (2) of section 1640(c) of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public 
Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note), as amended by sec-
tion 1502 of this Act, shall conduct a comprehensive re-
view of Military Standard 1553 (in this section referred 
to as ‘‘MIL–STD–1553’’). At the discretion of the Sec-
retary of Defense, the review required under this sub-
section may include reviews of additional serial data 
standards beyond MIL–STD–1553. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The review required under sub-
section (a) shall include the following elements: 
(1) An identification of programs and weapon 
systems currently employing MIL–STD–1553 and 
other serial data standards, as appropriate, across 
the Department of Defense, the military depart-
ments, and components, with notations for any pro-
grams previously assessed by the Strategic Cyberse-
curity Program.
1450 
(2) An evaluation of, and inventory for, the 
vulnerabilities to MIL–STD–1553 and other serial 
data standards, as appropriate. 
(3) An inventory of potential commercial- and 
Government-sourced mitigations and solutions, ei-
ther in use or available to program offices. 
(4) An assessment of potential changes to ad-
dress identified vulnerabilities to MIL–STD–1553 
and other serial data standards, as appropriate. 
(c) DETERMINATION.—Based on the findings of the 
review required under subsection (a), the Secretary of De-
fense shall determine whether to revise or update MIL– 
STD–1553 and other serial data standards, as appro-
priate. 
(d) GUIDANCE.—Subsequent to the completion of the 
review required under subsection (a), the head of the Stra-
tegic Cybersecurity Program shall issue guidance across 
the Department for program managers involved in pro-
curing weapon systems that use MIL–STD–1553 and 
other serial data standards, as appropriate. The guidance 
shall include information related to the potential threats 
to MIL–STD–1553, available mitigations and solutions, 
and technical resources for program managers to use in 
addressing issues with MIL–STD–1553 and other data se-
rial standards, as appropriate.
1451 
(e) COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATION.—Subject to the 
findings for the review required under subsection (a), the 
senior official identified pursuant to section 1647(j) of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 
(Public Law 114–92) for a military department and the 
service acquisition executive (as such term is defined in 
section 101(10) of title 10, United States Code) shall, if 
applicable, issue a certification that mitigations identified 
by the Strategic Cybersecurity Program for assessed 
weapons systems have been applied and corrected. Not 
later than one year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, such senior official and the service acquisition execu-
tive shall submit to the congressional defense committees 
such assessment. 
(f) TEST AND EVALUATION.—The Director of Oper-
ational Test and Evaluation may include evaluations of 
MIL–STD–1553 and other serial data standards, as ap-
propriate, in reports required to be provided to the con-
gressional defense committees pursuant to law. 
(g) REPORT.—Not later than 45 days after comple-
tion of the review required under subsection (a), the head 
of the Strategic Cybersecurity Program shall submit to the 
congressional defense committees— 
(1) a report on the review required under sub-
section (a); and
1452 
(2) a copy of the guidance required under sub-
section (d). 
Subtitle B—Information 
Operations 
SEC. 1511. MILITARY OPERATIONS IN INFORMATION ENVI-
RONMENT: AUTHORITY AND NOTIFICATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 19 of title 10, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after section 397 the 
following new section (and conforming the table of con-
tents at the beginning of such chapter accordingly): 
‘‘§ 398. Military operations in information environ-
ment: authority and notification require-
ments 
‘‘(d) NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS.—(1) The Sec-
retary of Defense shall promptly submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees notice in writing of any clandes-
tine military operation in the information environment 
conducted under this title no later than 48 hours following 
such operation. 
‘‘(2)(A) The Secretary shall establish and submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees procedures for 
complying with the requirements of paragraph (1). The 
Secretary shall promptly notify the appropriate congres-
sional committees in writing of any changes to such proce-
1453 
dures at least 14 days prior to the adoption of any such 
changes. 
‘‘(B) The appropriate congressional committees shall 
ensure that committee procedures designed to protect 
from unauthorized disclosure classified information relat-
ing to national security of the United States are sufficient 
to protect the information that is submitted to the com-
mittees pursuant to this section. 
‘‘(C) In the event of an unauthorized disclosure of 
a clandestine military operation in the information envi-
ronment covered by this section, the Secretary shall en-
sure, to the maximum extent practicable, that the appro-
priate congressional committees are notified immediately 
of the clandestine military operation in the information en-
vironment concerned. The notification under this para-
graph may be verbal or written, but in the event of a 
verbal notification a written notification shall be provided 
by not later than 48 hours after the provision of the verbal 
notification. 
‘‘(e) PROHIBITION.—No clandestine military oper-
ation in the information environment may be conducted 
which is intended to influence United States political proc-
esses, public opinion, policies, or media.’’.
1454 
(b) TRANSFER.—Section 1631 of the National De-
fense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 
116–92; 133 Stat. 1741) is amended as follows: 
(1) Subsections (b), (c), and (d) are— 
(A) transferred to section 398 of title 10, 
United States Code, as added by subsection (a) 
of this section; 
(B) inserted before subsection (b) of such 
section 398; and 
(C) redesignated as subsections (a), (b), 
and (c), respectively. 
(2) Subsection (e) is— 
(A) transferred to such section 398; 
(B) inserted after subsection (e) of such 
section; and 
(C) redesignated as subsection (f). 
(3) Subsection (i) is— 
(A) transferred to such section 398; 
(B) inserted after subsection (f) of such 
section; and 
(C) redesignated as subsection (g). 
(c) QUARTERLY BRIEFINGS.—Subsection (c) of sec-
tion 398 of title 10, United States Code, as added by sub-
section (a) of this section and designated by subsection 
(b), is amended by striking ‘‘congressional defense com-
1455 
mittees’’ and inserting ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—Subsection (g) of section 398 of 
title 10, United States Code, as added by subsection (a) 
of this section and designated by subsection (b), is amend-
ed— 
(1) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘in the infor-
mation environment’’ before ‘‘, or associated’’; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph: 
‘‘(4) The term ‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’ means— 
‘‘(A) the congressional defense committees; 
‘‘(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
and the Permanent Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the House of Representatives; and 
‘‘(C) the Committee on Foreign Relations 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate.’’. 
SEC. 1512. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF CERTAIN 
FUNDS UNTIL SUBMISSION OF JOINT LEXI-
CON FOR TERMS RELATED TO INFORMATION 
OPERATIONS. 
Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this 
Act or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2023 for
1456 
operation and maintenance, Defense-wide, and available 
for the Office of the Secretary of Defense for the travel 
of persons, not more than 75 percent may be obligated 
or expended until the date on which the Secretary submits 
to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives and the Senate the joint lexicon for terms 
related to information operations required by section 
1631(g)(1)(D) of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. 397 
note). 
SEC. 1513. JOINT INFORMATION OPERATIONS COURSE. 
(a) JOINT INFORMATION OPERATIONS COURSE.— 
The Secretary of Defense shall provide to members of the 
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force 
a course to prepare the members to plan and conduct in-
formation operations in a joint environment pursuant to 
title 10, United States Code. Such course shall include— 
(1) standardized qualifications and procedures 
to enable the joint and synchronized employment of 
information-related capabilities in the information 
environment; 
(2) joint methods to implement information op-
erations in a battlefield environment under any 
ground force chain of command; and
1457 
(3) a curriculum covering applicable assets, core 
information operations concepts, integration of ef-
fects with a specific focus on information-related ef-
fects, operational methodology, multi-dimensional 
targeting space, other information-related capabili-
ties defined by governing policy, instruction, publica-
tions, and doctrine, and any other topics or areas 
determined necessary by the Secretary. 
(b) SEMIANNUAL REPORTS.—On a semiannual basis 
through January 1, 2028, the Secretary shall submit to 
the congressional defense committees a report on the 
course provided under subsection (a). Each report shall 
include, with respect to the period covered by the report— 
(1) the number of members described in sub-
section (a) who attended the course; and 
(2) an assessment of the value of the course 
in— 
(A) conducting joint operations in the in-
formation environment; and 
(B) the synchronized employment of infor-
mation-related capabilities in the information 
environment.
1458 
SEC. 1514. CONSISTENCY IN DELEGATION OF CERTAIN AU-
THORITIES RELATING TO INFORMATION OP-
ERATIONS. 
Except as otherwise provided specifically by law, if 
any roles or responsibilities relating to information oper-
ations are assigned pursuant to a provision of law or by 
the direction of the Secretary of Defense to the Under Sec-
retary of Defense for Policy, the Under Secretary shall 
ensure that such roles or responsibilities are assigned or 
otherwise delegated to the same position within the Office 
of the Under Secretary of Defense of Policy. 
SEC. 1515. ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF DEPART-
MENT OF DEFENSE INFORMATION OPER-
ATIONS WITHIN THE CYBER DOMAIN. 
(a) ASSESSMENT AND PLAN.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Principal 
Information Operations Advisor and the Principal Cyber 
Advisor to the Secretary of Defense, in coordination with 
the Commander of the United States Cyber Command, 
shall complete both an assessment and an optimization 
plan for integrating all information and influence oper-
ations within cyberspace across the Department of De-
fense. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The assessment under subsection 
(a) shall include the following:
1459 
(1) An inventory of the components of the De-
partment of Defense conducting information and in-
fluence operations within cyberspace. 
(2) An examination of sufficiency of resources 
allocated for information and influence operations 
within cyberspace. 
(3) An evaluation of the command and control, 
oversight, and management of matters related to in-
formation and influence operations within cyber-
space across the Office of the Secretary of Defense 
and the Joint Staff. 
(4) Any other matters determined relevant by 
the Principal Information Operations Advisor and 
the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Commander of the 
United States Cyber Command. 
(c) OPTIMIZATION PLAN.—The optimization plan 
under subsection (a) shall include the following: 
(1) Actions that the Department will implement 
to integrate all Department information and influ-
ence operations within cyberspace in a manner that 
ensures the proper level of visibility, unity of effort, 
synchronization, and deconfliction. 
(2) Coordination procedures within the Depart-
ment to ensure that coordination with the Com-
1460 
mander of the United States Cyber Command takes 
place with regard to unity of effort, synchronization, 
deconfliction of information and influence operations 
within cyberspace. 
(3) An evaluation of potential organizational 
changes required to optimize information and influ-
ence operations within cyberspace. 
(4) Any other matters determined relevant by 
the Principal Information Operations Advisor and 
the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Commander of the 
United States Cyber Command. 
(d) BRIEFINGS.—Not later than 30 days after com-
pleting the assessment and optimization plan under sub-
section (a), the Principal Information Operations Advisor 
and the Principal Cyber Advisor to the Secretary of De-
fense, in coordination with the Commander of the United 
States Cyber Command, shall provide to the congressional 
defense committees a briefing on the assessment and plan. 
(e) IMPLEMENTATION.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date on which the briefing is provided under sub-
section (d), the Secretary of Defense shall implement the 
optimization plan under subsection (a).
1461 
SEC. 1516. REQUIREMENT TO NOTIFY CHIEF OF MISSION 
OF MILITARY OPERATION IN THE INFORMA-
TION ENVIRONMENT. 
Section 398 of title 10, United States Code, as added 
and amended by section 1511, is further amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (g) as sub-
section (h); and 
(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the fol-
lowing new subsection (g): 
‘‘(g) REQUIREMENT
TO NOTIFY CHIEF
OF MIS-
SION.—The Secretary may not authorize a military oper-
ation in the information environment under this title in-
tended to cause an effect in a country unless the Secretary 
fully informs the chief of mission for that country under 
section 207 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 
3927) of the planned operation.’’. 
Subtitle C—Reports and Other 
Matters 
SEC. 1531. ANNUAL REPORTS ON SUPPORT BY MILITARY 
DEPARTMENTS 
FOR 
CYBERSPACE 
OPER-
ATIONS. 
Chapter 19 of title 10, United States Code, is amend-
ed by inserting after section 391 the following new section 
(and conforming the table of sections at the beginning of 
such chapter accordingly):
1462 
‘‘§ 391a. Annual reports on support by military de-
partments for cyberspace operations 
‘‘(a) REPORTS.—Not later than 15 days after the 
date on which the Secretary of Defense submits to Con-
gress the defense budget materials (as defined in section 
239 of this title) for fiscal year 2024 and each fiscal year 
thereafter, the Commander of the United States Cyber 
Command shall submit to the congressional defense com-
mittees a report containing the following: 
‘‘(1) An evaluation of whether each military de-
partment is meeting the requirements established by 
the Commander and validated by the Office of the 
Secretary of Defense. 
‘‘(2) For each military department evaluated 
under paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) a certification that the military de-
partment is meeting such requirements; or 
‘‘(B) a detailed explanation regarding how 
the military department is not meeting such re-
quirements. 
‘‘(b) ELEMENTS OF EVALUATION.—Each evaluation 
under subsection (a)(1) shall include, with respect to the 
military department being evaluated, the following: 
‘‘(1) The adequacy of the policies, procedures, 
and execution of manning, training, and equipping
1463 
personnel for employment within the cyber mission 
force. 
‘‘(2) The adequacy of the policies and proce-
dures relating to the assignment and assignment 
length of members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, 
Marine Corps, or Space Force to the cyber mission 
force. 
‘‘(3) The adequacy of the investment toward 
cyber-peculiar science and technology advancements, 
with an emphasis on capability development for the 
cyber mission force. 
‘‘(4) The sufficiency of the policies, procedures, 
and investments toward the military occupational 
specialty, designator, rating, or Air Force specialty 
code responsible for cyberspace operations. 
‘‘(5) In coordination with the Principal Cyber 
Advisor to the Secretary of Defense, an evaluation 
of the use by the military department of the shared 
lexicon of the Department of Defense specific to 
cyberspace activities. 
‘‘(6) The readiness of the members contributing 
to the cyber mission force and the cyberspace oper-
ations forces. 
‘‘(7) Any other element determined relevant by 
the Commander.’’.
1464 
SEC. 1532. INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF POSTURE AND STAFF-
ING LEVELS OF OFFICE OF THE CHIEF IN-
FORMATION OFFICER. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense 
shall seek to enter into an agreement with an appropriate 
non-Department of Defense entity for the conduct of a 
comprehensive review of the posture and staffing levels of 
the Office of the Chief Information Officer, as of the date 
of the enactment of this Act. 
(b) MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION.—An agreement 
under subsection (a) shall specify that the review con-
ducted under the agreement shall include the evaluation 
of each of the following: 
(1) Any limitations or constraints of the Office 
of the Chief Information Officer in the carrying out 
the entirety of the responsibilities specified in section 
142(b) of title 10, United States Code, based on the 
staffing levels of the Office as of the date of the en-
actment of this Act. 
(2) The composition of civilian, military, and 
contractor personnel assigned to the Office of the 
Chief Information Officer, as of such date, including 
the occupational series and military occupational 
specialties of such personnel, relative to the respon-
sibilities specified in such section.
1465 
(3) The organizational construct of the Office 
of the Chief Information Officer, as of such date. 
(c) RECOMMENDATIONS.—An agreement under sub-
section (a) shall specify that the review conducted under 
the agreement shall include recommendations for the 
Chief Information Officer and the congressional defense 
committees, including recommendations derived from the 
matters for consideration specified under subsection (b). 
(d) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 
days after the date of the completion of the review re-
quired under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a copy of 
the review. 
SEC. 1533. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CYBER EXCEPTED 
SERVICE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Chief Information Offi-
cer of the Department of Defense, in coordination with 
the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer and the 
Principal Cyber Advisor of the Department and in con-
sultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for Per-
sonnel and Readiness, shall conduct a comprehensive re-
view of the Cyber Excepted Service established pursuant 
to section 1599f of title 10, United States Code.
1466 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The review required under sub-
section (a) shall include a consideration of each of the fol-
lowing elements: 
(1) The potential and structural limitations of 
the Cyber Excepted Service, including impediments 
to mobility or advancement by civilian employees 
currently in billets coded for Cyber Excepted Serv-
ice. 
(2) Matters related to pay disparity and hin-
drances in compensation relative to the skill sets and 
value of such civilian employees in the private sector. 
(3) Criteria for eligibility of potential Depart-
ment of Defense components and entities for partici-
pation in the Cyber Excepted Service. 
(4) The eligibility for participation in the Cyber 
Excepted Service of civilian employees who are as-
signed to the Office of the Chief Digital and Artifi-
cial Intelligence Officer. 
(c) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The review required under 
subsection (a) shall include recommendations for the Sec-
retary of Defense and the congressional defense commit-
tees with respect to the improvement of the Cyber Ex-
cepted Service, including recommendations derived from 
the consideration of the elements specified in subsection 
(b).
1467 
(d) SUBMITTAL TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 30 
days after the completion of the review required under 
subsection (a), the Chief Information Officer shall submit 
to the congressional defense committees a copy of the re-
view. 
SEC. 1534. STANDARDIZATION OF AUTHORITY TO OPERATE 
APPLICATIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DE-
FENSE. 
(a) POLICY.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 270 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Chief Information Officer of the Department of De-
fense shall establish a policy with criteria for the 
reciprocity of authority to operate for software and 
hardware between all networks of the Department of 
Defense. 
(2) CONTENTS.—The policy under paragraph 
(1) shall contain the following: 
(A) Procedures for requesting an authority 
to operate that applies to all networks of the 
Department. 
(B) Guidance on when authorizing officials 
should grant an information technology plat-
form that has already received an authority to 
operate on another network of the Federal Gov-
1468 
ernment a reciprocal authority to operate on a 
network of the Department of Defense. 
(C) A standardized format for documenta-
tion to support the evaluation of a request for 
an authority to operate. 
(b) SINGLE PLATFORM.—Not later than one year 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Chief In-
formation Officer shall implement a single software tool 
or platform for the submission and review of requests for 
an authority to operate applications. The tool or platform 
shall— 
(1) be used by all authorizing officials of the 
Department for the receipt, review, and adjudication 
of all such requests; and 
(2) authorize persons who submit such requests 
to see the progress of the request at all steps in the 
review process. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Chief Information Officer 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees a re-
port on the following: 
(1) The operational status of the software tool 
or platform implemented under subsection (b).
1469 
(2) A list of all networks and authorizing offi-
cials of the Department that are using the software 
tool or platform. 
(3) A list of all networks and authorizing offi-
cials of the Department that are not using the soft-
ware tool or platform. 
(d) AUTHORITY TO OPERATE DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘‘authority to operate’’ means the official 
management decision given by a senior organizational offi-
cial to authorize operation of an information system and 
accept the risk to organizational operations. 
SEC. 1535. ESTABLISHMENT OF HACKING FOR NATIONAL 
SECURITY AND PUBLIC SERVICE INNOVA-
TION PROGRAM. 
(a) SUPPORT AUTHORIZED.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary of Defense 
shall establish a Hacking for National Security and 
Public Service Innovation Program (in this section 
referred to as the ‘‘H4NSPSI program’’) within the 
National Security Innovation Network (in this sec-
tion referred to as the ‘‘NSIN’’). 
(2) COORDINATING
AUTHORITY.—The NSIN 
shall serve as the coordinating authority for the 
H4NSPSI program and activities under such pro-
gram.
1470 
(3) ELEMENTS.—H4NSPSI program activities 
shall include the following: 
(A) Source problems at scale for the agen-
cies associated with the programs specified in 
subsection (e). 
(B) Recruit universities located in the 
United States or in partner or allied nations to 
work on the problems described in subpara-
graph (A). 
(C) Train universities described in sub-
paragraph (B) on the methodology of Hacking 
for Defense. 
(D) Support the universities described in 
subparagraph (B) with content, curriculum, and 
other support to develop solutions to the prob-
lems described in subparagraph (A). 
(E) Support the United States Govern-
ment adoption of solutions developed through 
the programs specified in subsection (e). 
(F) Support the development and acquisi-
tion of talent within the agencies associated 
with the programs specified in subsection (e). 
(4) OBJECTIVES.—The H4NSPSI program 
may include the following objectives:
1471 
(A) Increase funding for successful innova-
tion efforts that bridge the gap between innova-
tive organizations and the United States mili-
tary. 
(B) Increase funding for established driv-
ers of national security innovation within the 
Department of Defense and other Federal agen-
cies, including the programs specified in sub-
section (e). 
(C) Improve the ability of the Department 
of Defense to maintain technological advantage 
over competitors by leveraging private sector in-
novation at scale. 
(D) Through the use of existing authori-
ties— 
(i) strengthen United States national 
security innovation efforts and activities; 
and 
(ii) create additional opportunities for 
collaboration and shared experience be-
tween the Department of Defense, other 
Federal agencies, the private sector, and 
academia through the expansion of existing 
programs, partnerships, and activities, in-
cluding those specified in subsection (e).
1472 
(E) Grow and sustain the innovation edge 
of the United States by building and strength-
ening the national security innovation base 
through collaboration between the private sec-
tor, academia, the Department of Defense, the 
Armed Forces, and other Federal agencies. 
(F) Invest in the future of national secu-
rity innovation by inspiring a new generation to 
public service, supporting the diversity of the 
United States national security innovation 
workforce, and modernizing government deci-
sion-making processes. 
(G) Expand the United States science and 
technology workforce by investing in STEM 
education and exposing the national security 
workforce to cutting-edge, innovative problem 
validation and solution development practices. 
(H) Develop best practices for the conduct 
of such activities and programs. 
(I) Identify experimental learning opportu-
nities for activity and program participants to 
interact with operational forces and better un-
derstand national security challenges. 
(J) Participate in exchanges and partner-
ships with Department of Defense science and
1473 
technology activities, as well as the science and 
technology activities of other Federal agencies. 
(b) CONSULTATION.—In carrying out subsection (a), 
the Secretary of Defense may consult with the heads of 
such Federal agencies, universities, and public and private 
entities engaged in the development of advanced tech-
nologies, as well as in the validation of problems and adop-
tion of solutions in response to national security chal-
lenges, as the Secretary of Defense determines to be ap-
propriate. 
(c) AUTHORITIES.—The Secretary of Defense may 
develop and maintain metrics to assess national security 
and public service innovation programs and activities to 
ensure standards for programs supported under sub-
section (a) are consistent and being met. 
(d) PARTICIPATION BY FEDERAL EMPLOYEES AND 
MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES.—The Secretary of 
Defense shall encourage Federal employees and members 
of the Armed Forces through the service secretaries and 
service chiefs and their counterparts in agencies associated 
with the programs specified in subsection (e) to participate 
in the H4NSPSI program in order to gain exposure to 
modern innovation and entrepreneurial methodologies. 
(e) COORDINATION.—In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary of Defense shall consider coordinating and
1474 
partnering with activities and organizations involved in the 
following: 
(1) Hacking for Defense. 
(2) Hacking for Homeland Security. 
(3) Hacking for Diplomacy. 
(4) Hacking for Space. 
(5) Hacking for Manufacturing. 
SEC. 1536. TAILORED CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS ORGANI-
ZATIONS. 
Section 1723 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 394 note) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsections: 
‘‘(e) UPDATE TO CONGRESS.—Not later than July 1, 
2023, the secretaries of the military services and the As-
sistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and 
Irregular Warfare shall brief the congressional defense 
committees on activities taken during the period following 
the date of the briefing under subsection (d), including 
an examination of establishing Tailored Cyberspace Oper-
ations Organizations and utilization of the authority pro-
vided pursuant to subsection (c). 
‘‘(f) AIR FORCE ACTIONS.—Not later than July 1, 
2023, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the 
congressional defense committees a review of the activities
1475 
of the Navy Cyber Warfare Development Group, including 
with respect to the authorities of the Group. The review 
shall include the following: 
‘‘(1) An assessment of whether such authorities 
shall be conferred to the 90th Cyberspace Oper-
ations Squadron of the United States Air Force. 
‘‘(2) A consideration of whether the 90th 
Cyberspace Operations Squadron should be des-
ignated a controlled tour, as defined by the Sec-
retary.’’. 
SEC. 1537. CYBER OPERATIONS-PECULIAR AWARDS. 
Chapter 57 of title 10, United States Code, is amend-
ed by inserting after section 1124 the following new sec-
tion: 
‘‘§ 1124a. Cyber operations-peculiar awards 
‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary of Defense and the 
Secretaries of the military departments may authorize the 
payment of a cash award to, and incur necessary expense 
for the honorary recognition of, a member of the covered 
armed forces whose novel actions, invention, or technical 
achievement enables or ensures operational outcomes in 
or through cyberspace against threats to national security. 
‘‘(b) ACTIONS DURING SERVICE.—An award under 
this section may be paid notwithstanding the member’s 
death, separation, or retirement from the covered armed
1476 
forces. However, the novel action, invention, or technical 
achievement forming the basis for the award must have 
been made while the member was on active duty or in an 
active reserve status and not otherwise eligible for an 
award under chapter 45 of title 5. 
‘‘(c) PAYMENT.—Awards to, and expenses for the 
honorary recognition of, members of the covered armed 
forces under this section may be paid from— 
‘‘(1) the funds or appropriations available to 
the activity primarily benefiting from the novel ac-
tion, invention, or technical achievement; or 
‘‘(2) the several funds or appropriations of the 
various activities benefiting from the novel action, 
invention, or technical achievement. 
‘‘(d) AMOUNTS.—The total amount of the award, or 
awards, made under this section for a novel action, inven-
tion, or technical achievement may not exceed $2,500, re-
gardless of the number of persons who may be entitled 
to share therein. 
‘‘(e) REGULATIONS.—Awards under this section shall 
be made under regulations to be prescribed by the Sec-
retary of Defense or by the Secretaries of the military de-
partments.
1477 
‘‘(f) COVERED ARMED FORCES DEFINED.—In this 
section, the term ‘covered armed forces’ means the Army, 
Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force.’’. 
SEC. 1538. MANNING REVIEW OF SPACE FORCE CYBER 
SQUADRONS. 
(a) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 195 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
the Air Force, in coordination with the Chief of Space Op-
erations, shall submit to the congressional defense com-
mittees a review of the manning required to fully staff the 
current and planned cyber squadrons of the Space Force. 
(b) MATTERS INCLUDED.— 
(1) ELEMENTS.—The review under subsection 
(a) shall include considerations of the following: 
(A) The specific sourcing of existing billets 
of the Space Force optimally postured for 
transfer to cyber squadrons. 
(B) The administrative processes required 
to shift billets and existing funding to cyber 
squadrons. 
(C) The responsibilities and functions per-
formed by military personnel and civilian per-
sonnel. 
(D) The cumulative benefit for the Space 
Force of transferring billets to cyber squadrons.
1478 
(2) ROADMAP.—The review under subsection 
(a) shall include a transition roadmap that outlines 
a comprehensive transition for the transfer of billets 
described in paragraph (1) by not later than Sep-
tember 30, 2024. 
SEC. 1539. REVIEW OF DEFINITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 
CYBERSPACE OPERATIONS FORCES. 
Not later than 120 days after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, acting through 
the Principal Cyber Advisor of the Department of Defense 
and the Principal Cyber Advisors of the military depart-
ments, shall review and update the memorandum of the 
Secretary of Defense dated December 12, 2019, con-
cerning the definition of the term ‘‘Department of Defense 
Cyberspace Operations Forces (DoD COF)’’. The review 
shall include— 
(1) a comprehensive assessment of units and 
components of the Department of Defense con-
ducting defensive cyberspace operations which are 
not currently included in such definition; and 
(2) a revised definition for such term that in-
cludes such units and components within the Cyber-
space Operations Forces.
1479 
TITLE XVI—SPACE ACTIVITIES, 
STRATEGIC PROGRAMS, AND 
INTELLIGENCE MATTERS 
Subtitle A—Space Activities 
SEC. 1601. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTION OF SAT-
ELLITES. 
Chapter 135 of title 10, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 2275 the following new 
section (and conforming the table of sections at the begin-
ning of such chapter accordingly): 
‘‘§ 2275a. Requirements for protection of satellites 
‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF REQUIREMENTS.—Before 
a major satellite acquisition program achieves Milestone 
A approval, or equivalent, the Chief of Staff of the Space 
Force, in consultation with the Commander of the United 
States Space Command, shall establish requirements for 
the defense and resilience of the satellites under that pro-
gram against the capabilities of adversaries to target, de-
grade, or destroy the satellites. 
‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
‘‘(1) The term ‘major satellite acquisition pro-
gram’ has the meaning given that term in section 
2275 of this title.
1480 
‘‘(2) The term ‘Milestone A approval’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 4251 of this title 
10.’’. 
SEC. 1602. STRATEGY ON PROTECTION OF SATELLITES. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds the following: 
(1) Both Russia and China have demonstrated 
the capability to target, degrade, and destroy sat-
ellites on orbit, whether through kinetic or non-
kinetic means. 
(2) As recently as November 15, 2021, Russia 
demonstrated a direct ascent antisatellite weapon. 
(3) Also in 2021, China successfully ‘‘grappled’’ 
a satellite and dragged the satellite out of its orbit 
to another location in space, a capability that could 
be used on any other object in space, including sat-
ellites of the Department of Defense. 
(b) STRATEGY.— 
(1) REQUIREMENT.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec-
retary of Defense, in coordination with the Director 
of National Intelligence, shall make publicly avail-
able a strategy containing the actions that will be 
taken to defend and protect on-orbit satellites of the 
Department of Defense and the intelligence commu-
1481 
nity from the capabilities of adversaries to target, 
degrade, or destroy satellites. 
(2) FORMS.—The Secretary shall— 
(A) make the strategy under paragraph (1) 
publicly available in unclassified form; and 
(B) submit to the appropriate congres-
sional committees an annex, which may be sub-
mitted in classified form, containing supporting 
documents to the strategy. 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees; 
and 
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives 
and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
Senate. 
(2) The term ‘‘intelligence community’’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 3(4) of the Na-
tional Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)). 
SEC. 1603. NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE LAUNCH PROGRAM. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that—
1482 
(1) the acquisition approach for phase three of 
the National Security Space Launch program should 
account for changes in the launch industry and 
planned architectures of the Space Force; 
(2) the supply of launches for phase three may 
be impacted by increases in commercial space launch 
demand; 
(3) the Secretary of the Air Force should ex-
plore new and innovative acquisition approaches to 
leverage launch competition within the commercial 
market; and 
(4) in developing the acquisition strategy for 
phase three, the Secretary should— 
(A) consider the scope of phase three 
manifest requirements in comparison to the Or-
bital Services Program and other potential con-
tract vehicles for launches; 
(B) ensure the continued assured access to 
space; 
(C) emphasize free, fair, and open competi-
tion; 
(D) capitalize on competition across the 
commercial launch industry; 
(E) examine all possible options for award-
ing contracts for launches during the period
1483 
covered by the phase, including, block-buys, in-
definite delivery, indefinite quantity, or a hybrid 
approach; 
(F) consider tailorable mission assurance 
options informed by previous launch vehicle per-
formance metrics; 
(G) include options for adding launch pro-
viders, launch systems, or both, during the exe-
cution of phase three to address manifest 
changes beyond the planned national security 
space unique launches at the time of initial 
award; 
(H) maintain understanding of the com-
mercial launch industry and launch capacity 
needed to fulfill the requirements of the Na-
tional Security Space Launch program; and 
(I) allow for rapid development and on- 
orbit deployment of enabling and trans-
formational technologies required to address 
emerging requirements, including with respect 
to— 
(i) delivery of in-space transportation, 
logistics, and on-orbit servicing capabilities 
to enhance the persistence, sensitivity, and
1484 
resiliency of national security space mis-
sions in a contested space environment; 
(ii) proliferated low-Earth orbit con-
stellation deployment; 
(iii) routine access to extended orbits 
beyond 
geostationary 
orbits, 
including 
cislunar orbits; 
(iv) payload fairings that exceed cur-
rent launch requirements; 
(v) increased responsiveness for heavy 
lift capability; 
(vi) the ability to transfer orbits, in-
cluding point-to-point orbital transfers; 
(vii) capacity and capability to execute 
secondary deployments; 
(viii) high-performance upper stages; 
(ix) vertical integration; and 
(x) other new missions that are out-
side the parameters of the nine design ref-
erence missions that exist as of the date of 
the enactment of this Act. 
(b) QUARTERLY BRIEFINGS.—On a quarterly basis 
until the date on which the Secretary of the Air Force 
awards a phase three contract, the Commander of the 
Space Systems Command shall provide to the appropriate
1485 
congressional committees a briefing on the development of 
the phase three acquisition strategy, including how the 
matters described subsection (a) are being considered in 
such strategy. 
(c) NOTIFICATION OF RESULTS OF MISSION ASSIGN-
MENT BOARD.—Not later than 14 days after the date on 
which a phase two mission assignment board is completed, 
the Commander of the Space Systems Command shall no-
tify the appropriate congressional committees of the 
launch assignment results of the board. 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the congressional defense committees 
with respect to all briefings provided under sub-
section (b) and notifications made under sub-
section (c); and 
(B) in addition to the congressional de-
fense committees, the Permanent Select Com-
mittee on Intelligence of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Select Committee on Intel-
ligence of the Senate with respect to— 
(i) briefings required under subsection 
(b) regarding requirements of the intel-
1486 
ligence community being incorporated into 
phase three planning; and 
(ii) notifications made under sub-
section (c) regarding an assignment that 
includes capabilities being launched for the 
intelligence community. 
(2) The term ‘‘intelligence community’’ has the 
meaning given that term in section 3(4) of the Na-
tional Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)). 
(2) The term ‘‘phase three’’ means, with re-
spect to the National Security Space Launch pro-
gram, launch missions ordered under the program 
after fiscal year 2024. 
(3) The term ‘‘phase two’’ means, with respect 
to the National Security Space Launch program, 
launch missions ordered under the program during 
fiscal years 2020 through 2024. 
SEC. 1604. RESPONSIVE SPACE STRATEGY, PRINCIPLES, 
MODEL ARCHITECTURE, AND IMPLEMENTA-
TION PLANS. 
(a) STRATEGY, PRINCIPLES, AND MODEL ARCHITEC-
TURE.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the en-
actment of this Act, the Chief of Space Operations and 
the Commander of the United States Space Command 
shall jointly develop a responsive space strategy, prin-
1487 
ciples, and a model architecture to be implemented across 
the United States Space Command and the Combined 
Force Space Component Command. 
(b) ELEMENTS.—The responsive space strategy, 
principles, and model architecture under subsection (a) 
shall include, at a minimum, the following elements: 
(1) Prioritized policies and procedures. 
(2) Policies specific to launch, buses, payloads, 
ground infrastructure, and networks. 
(3) Specification of enterprise-wide acquisitions 
of capabilities conducted pursuant to the policies re-
ferred to in paragraph (2). 
(4) Roles, responsibilities, functions, and oper-
ational workflows of responsive space architecture 
and infrastructure personnel— 
(A) of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine 
Corps, and Space Force and the combatant 
commands; and 
(B) the Combined Force Space Component 
Command. 
(c) ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMEN-
TATION.—In developing and implementing the responsive 
space strategy, principles, and model architecture under 
subsection (a), the Chief of Space Operations and the
1488 
Commander of the United States Space Command shall 
coordinate with— 
(1) the Space Acquisition Council; 
(2) the Director of the Defense Advanced Re-
search Projects Agency; 
(3) the Chairman of the Joints Chiefs of Staff; 
and 
(4) any other component of the Department of 
Defense, as jointly determined by the Chief of Space 
Operations and the Commander. 
(d) IMPLEMENTATION PLANS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Chief of Space Oper-
ations and the Commander of the United State 
Space Command shall ensure that, not later than 
one year after the finalization of the responsive 
space strategy, principles, and model architecture 
under subsection (a), each Space Force delta trans-
mits to the Chief and the Commander a draft plan 
to implement such responsive space strategy, prin-
ciples, and model architecture with respect to such 
delta. 
(2) ELEMENTS.—Each implementation plan 
under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, 
the following with respect to the Space Force delta 
covered by the plan:
1489 
(A) Specific acquisitions, implementations, 
instrumentations, and operational workflows to 
be implemented across responsive space archi-
tectures and infrastructures. 
(B) A detailed schedule with target mile-
stones and required expenditures. 
(C) Interim and final metrics, including a 
phase mitigation plan. 
(D) Identification of additional funding, 
authorities, organizational changes and policies, 
as may be required. 
(E) Requested waivers, exceptions to poli-
cies of the Department of Defense, and ex-
pected delays. 
(e) IMPLEMENTATION OVERSIGHT.—The Chief of 
Space Operations shall— 
(1) assess the implementation plans under sub-
section (d)(1) for— 
(A) adequacy and responsiveness to the re-
sponsive space strategy, principles, and model 
architecture under subsection (a); and 
(B) appropriate use of enterprise-wide ac-
quisitions;
1490 
(2) ensure, at a high level, the interoperability 
and compatibility of individual implementation plans 
of the Space Force deltas; 
(3) track the use of waivers and exceptions to 
policy; 
(4) develop a Responsive Space Scorecard to 
track and drive implementation of the plans by the 
Space Force Deltas; and 
(5) leverage the authorities of the Commander 
of the United States Space Command to begin im-
plementation of such responsive space strategy, prin-
ciples, and model architecture. 
(f) INITIAL BRIEFINGS.— 
(1) RESPONSIVE SPACE STRATEGY, PRINCIPLES, 
AND
MODEL
ARCHITECTURE.—Not later than 90 
days after finalizing the responsive space strategy, 
principles, and model architecture under subsection 
(a), the Chief of Space Operations and the Com-
mander of the United States Space Command shall 
provide to the congressional defense committees a 
briefing on such responsive space strategy, prin-
ciples, and model architecture. 
(2) IMPLEMENTATION PLANS.—Not later than 
90 days after the receipt by the Chief of Space Op-
erations of an implementation plan transmitted
1491 
under to subsection (d)(1), the Chief shall provide to 
the congressional defense committees a briefing on 
such implementation plan. 
(g) ANNUAL BRIEFING.—During each annual brief-
ing provided by the Chief of Space Operations to the con-
gressional defense committees on the budget occurring 
during the period beginning February 1, 2023, and ending 
January 1, 2031, the Chief shall provide updates on the 
implementation of the responsive space strategy, prin-
ciples, and architecture under subsection (a). 
(h) NOTIFICATION REFORMS.—Section 9021(c) of 
title 10, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking paragraph (2); and 
(2) by striking ‘‘(1) The Council’’ and inserting 
‘‘The Council’’. 
SEC. 1605. RESPONSIVE SPACE DEMONSTRATIONS. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that demonstrating the ability of the United States 
to rapidly respond to adversarial threats to the space sys-
tems of the United States serves as a compelling strategic 
deterrent to adversaries and informs how responsive, resil-
ient, and affordable space and launch capabilities can help 
counter growing adversarial threats on an operationally 
relevant timeline.
1492 
(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—Not later than 
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Chief of 
Space Operations and the Commander of the United 
States Space Command, shall establish a program to dem-
onstrate responsive space capabilities through operational 
exercises, wargames, and table-top exercises. 
(c) INITIAL DEMONSTRATION.— 
(1) MISSION.—In carrying out the program 
under subsection (b), the Secretary shall conduct a 
rapid reconstitution deterrence demonstration mis-
sion to— 
(A) design, develop, and understand the 
benefit of rapid space reconstitution and space 
augmentation; 
(B) simulate real-world scenarios through 
wargames and table-top exercises, including 
contested environment scenarios, in which 
threats to the space capabilities of the United 
States may be offset or mitigated by responsive 
space capabilities; 
(C) validate the ability to provide an end- 
to-end responsive space mission with responsive 
launch, satellite deployment, and data to users 
within rapid mission call-up timelines; and
1493 
(D) integrate such launches with the joint 
force under simulated contested conditions 
through the rapid deployment of launch infra-
structure to existing Major Range and Test Fa-
cility Bases. 
(2) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees 
a report on the mission under paragraph (1), includ-
ing— 
(A) an assessment of the mission with re-
spect to the operational and strategic benefits 
to the space-related missions of the Department 
of Defense; 
(B) a proposed organization and manage-
ment structure of the mission; 
(C) a timeline for implementing the dem-
onstrations under the mission; and 
(D) budget estimates and financial forecast 
for the demonstrations. 
SEC. 1606. ALLIED RESPONSIVE SPACE CAPABILITIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) it is in the common interest of the United 
States and allies and partners of the United States
1494 
to strive for accessibility and flexibility for delivering 
assets into space on a responsive timeline; 
(2) the United States should implement joint 
United States-allied space missions that demonstrate 
rapid, rapid launch, reconstitution and satellite aug-
mentation from locations in the Indo-Pacific, Euro-
pean, and other theaters of operations; 
(3) the United States should leverage allied and 
partner spaceports to diversify and disaggregate 
launch sites across the world for a multitude of mis-
sions, including national security missions; and 
(4) it is important for the United States to 
have operational and contracting steps established 
with allies and partners to ensure readiness and pre-
paredness for responding to or deterring any un-
known threats. 
(b) INITIATIVES.—The Secretary of the Defense and 
the Secretary of State shall jointly— 
(1) ensure that responsive space capabilities of 
the Department of Defense align with initiatives by 
Five Eyes countries, member states of the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization, and other allies to pro-
mote a globally responsive space architecture; and
1495 
(2) designate a single official responsible for co-
ordinating responsive space activities with allied 
partners. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and 
the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Com-
mander of the United States European Command, the 
Commander of the United States Indo-Pacific Command, 
the Commander of the United States Space Command, 
and the Secretary of State, shall jointly submit to the con-
gressional defense committees, the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report assess-
ing current investments and partnerships by the United 
States with allies of the United States with respect to re-
sponsive space efforts. The report shall include the fol-
lowing: 
(1) An assessment of the benefits of leveraging 
allied and partner spaceports for responsive launch. 
(2) A discussion of current and future plans to 
engage with allies and partners with respect to ac-
tivities ensuring rapid reconstitution or augmenta-
tion of the space capabilities of the United States 
and allies.
1496 
(3) An assessment of the shared costs and tech-
nology between the United States and allies, includ-
ing leveraging investments from the Pacific Deter-
rence Initiative and the European Deterrence Initia-
tive. 
(d) FIVE EYES COUNTRIES DEFINED.—In this sec-
tion, the term ‘‘Five Eyes countries’’ means the following: 
(1) Australia. 
(2) Canada. 
(3) New Zealand. 
(4) The United Kingdom. 
(5) The United States. 
SEC. 1607. REPORT ON TACTICALLY RESPONSIVE SPACE 
CAPABILITIES. 
(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Space Safari tactically responsive 
launch-2 mission of the Space Systems Command of 
the Space Force successfully demonstrated the abil-
ity of the Space Force to rapidly integrate, launch, 
and operate a satellite on orbit on a timeline that 
would be needed for rapid reconstitution or to re-
spond to real-time hostile activities occurring in the 
domain;
1497 
(2) the Space Force should continue these ef-
forts, and broaden the program beyond the logistics 
of launch and operations to also focus on lifecycle 
concepts of operation, as well as any contractual 
mechanisms that should be required in future pro-
grams to take into account the need for rapid recon-
stitution and responsiveness; 
(3) the Chief of Space Operations should for-
malize tactically responsive requirements for all 
space capabilities carried out under title 10, United 
States Code; and 
(4) to take into totality the effort required for 
tactically responsive launch, the Space Force should 
consider adding a corresponding budget line item for 
‘‘Tactically Responsive Space’’ to fund areas beyond 
launch that would contribute to responsive space ac-
tivities. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 30 days after the date 
on which the budget of the President for fiscal year 2024 
is submitted to Congress pursuant to section 1105 of title 
31, United States Code, the Chief of Space Operations 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees a re-
port on planned tactically responsive space activities pur-
suant to section 1609 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
1498 
(Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note) included dur-
ing the period covered by the most recent future-years de-
fense program submitted under section 221 of title 10, 
United States Code (as of the date of the report), includ-
ing a detailed budget plan for launch activities and all 
other efforts needed to enable tactically responsive space 
capabilities. 
SEC. 1608. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON RANGE OF THE FU-
TURE AND SUPPORT TO COMMERCIAL SPACE 
LAUNCH ACTIVITY. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) section 1610 of the National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 contained a 
provision requiring the United States Space Force to 
deliver a report on its Range of the Future initia-
tive; 
(2) based on the details in that report, that the 
Nation’s launch service providers, consistent with 
decades of national policy, now lead the world in 
space access, that United States leadership in this 
strategic capability is critical to national security 
and economic vitality, and that it is critical to the 
Nation to continue encouraging and enabling United 
States space access capabilities to flourish and ex-
pand;
1607 
Code, and using amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
authorization of appropriations in section 230l(a) and 
available for military family housing functions as specified 
in the funding table in section 4601, the Secretary of the 
Air Force may improve existing military family housing 
units in an amount not to exceed $230,058,000. 
(b) PLANNING AND DESIGN.—Using amounts appro-
priated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in 
section 230l(a) and available for military family housing 
functions as specified in the funding table in section 4601, 
the Secretary of the Air Force may carry out architectural 
and engineering services and construction design activities 
with respect to the construction or improvement of family 
housing units in an amount not to exceed $2,730,000. 
SEC. 2303. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS, AIR 
FORCE. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Funds 
are hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 
beginning after September 30, 2022, for military con-
struction, land acquisition, and military family housing 
functions of the Department of the Air Force, as specified 
in the funding table in section 4601. 
(b) LIMITATION ON TOTAL COST OF CONSTRUCTION 
PROJECTS.—Notwithstanding the cost variations author-
ized by section 2853 of title 10, United States Code, and