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(d) PROVIDING SAFE
AND SECURE PLACEMENTS 
FOR CHILDREN.— 
(1) POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.—The Secretary 
of Health and Human Services, Secretary of Home-
land Security, Attorney General, and Secretary of 
State shall establish policies and programs to ensure 
that unaccompanied alien children in the United 
States are protected from traffickers and other per-
sons seeking to victimize or otherwise engage such 
children in criminal, harmful, or exploitative activity, 
including policies and programs reflecting best prac-
tices in witness security programs. 
(2) SAFE AND SECURE PLACEMENTS.—Subject 
to section 462(b)(2) of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(b)(2)), an unaccompanied 
alien child in the custody of the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services shall be promptly placed in the 
least restrictive setting that is in the best interest of 
the child. In making such placements, the Secretary 
of Health and Human Services may consider danger 
to self, danger to the community, and risk of flight. 
Placement of child trafficking victims may include 
placement with competent adult victims of the same 
trafficking scheme in order to ensure continuity of 
care and support. A child shall not be placed in a 
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juvenile delinquency or other secure detention facil-
ity (as defined in section 103(12) of the Juvenile 
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 
U.S.C. 5603(12)) absent a determination that the 
child poses a danger to others or has been accused 
of having committed a criminal offense. 
(3) SAFETY AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the require-
ments of subparagraph (B), an unaccompanied 
alien child may not be placed with a person or 
entity unless the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services makes a determination that 
the proposed custodian is capable of providing 
for the child’s physical and mental well-being. 
Such determination shall, at a minimum, in-
clude verification of the custodian’s identity and 
relationship to the child, if any, as well as an 
independent finding that the individual has not 
engaged in any activity that would indicate a 
potential risk to the child. 
(B) HOME STUDIES.—Before placing the 
child with an individual, the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services shall determine 
whether a home study is first necessary. A 
home study shall be conducted for a child who 
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is a victim of a severe form of trafficking in 
persons, a special needs child with a disability 
(as defined in section 3 of the Americans with 
Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12102(2))), 
or a child who has been a victim of physical or 
sexual abuse under circumstances that indicate 
that the child’s health or welfare has been sig-
nificantly harmed or threatened. The Secretary 
of Health and Human Services shall conduct 
follow-up services, during the pendency of re-
moval proceedings, on children and custodians 
for whom a home study was conducted. 
(C) ACCESS TO INFORMATION.—Upon re-
quest from the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services, the Secretary of Homeland Security 
shall provide information necessary to conduct 
suitability assessments from appropriate Fed-
eral, State, and local law enforcement and im-
migration databases. 
(4) LEGAL
ORIENTATION
PRESENTATIONS.— 
The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall 
cooperate with the Executive Office for Immigration 
Review to ensure that custodians receive legal ori-
entation presentations provided through the Legal 
Orientation Program administered by the Executive 
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Office for Immigration Review. At a minimum, such 
presentations shall address the custodian’s responsi-
bility to ensure the child’s appearance at all immi-
gration proceedings and to protect the child from 
mistreatment, exploitation, and trafficking. 
(5) ACCESS
TO
COUNSEL.—The Secretary of 
Health and Human Services shall ensure, to the 
greatest extent practicable and consistent with sec-
tion 292 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
U.S.C. 1362), that all unaccompanied alien children 
who are or have been in the custody of the Secretary 
or the Secretary of Homeland Security, and who are 
not described in subsection (b)(2)(A), have com-
petent counsel to represent them in legal proceedings 
or matters and protect them from mistreatment, ex-
ploitation, and trafficking. To the greatest extent 
practicable, the Secretary of Health and Human 
Services shall make every effort to utilize the serv-
ices of competent pro bono counsel who agree to pro-
vide representation to such children without charge. 
(6) CHILD
ADVOCATES.—The Secretary of 
Health and Human Services is authorized to appoint 
independent child advocates for child trafficking vic-
tims and other vulnerable unaccompanied children. 
A child advocate shall be provided access to mate-
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rials necessary to effectively advocate for the best in-
terest of the child. The child advocate shall not be 
compelled to testify or provide evidence in any pro-
ceeding concerning any information or opinion re-
ceived from the child in the course of serving as a 
child advocate. The child advocate shall be presumed 
to be acting in good faith and be immune from civil 
and criminal liability for lawful conduct of duties as 
described in this paragraph. 
(e) PERMANENT PROTECTION FOR CERTAIN AT-RISK 
CHILDREN.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 101(a)(27)(J) of the 
Immigration 
and 
Nationality 
Act 
(8 
U.S.C. 
1101(a)(27)(J)) is amended— 
(A) in clause (i), by striking ‘‘State and 
who has been deemed eligible by that court for 
long-term foster care due to abuse, neglect, or 
abandonment;’’ and inserting ‘‘State, or an in-
dividual or entity appointed by a State or juve-
nile court located in the United States, and 
whose reunification with one or both of the im-
migrant’s parents is not viable due to abuse, 
neglect, abandonment, or a similar basis found 
under State law;’’; 
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under section 101(a)(27)(J) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)(J)) and who 
was either in the custody of the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services at the time a dependency order 
was granted for such child or who was receiving 
services pursuant to section 501(a) of the Refugee 
Education Assistance Act of 1980 (8 U.S.C. 1522 
note) at the time such dependency order was grant-
ed, shall be eligible for placement and services under 
section 412(d) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1522(d)) until the earlier of— 
(A) the date on which the child reaches the 
age designated in section 412(d)(2)(B) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1522(d)(2)(B)); or 
(B) the date on which the child is placed 
in a permanent adoptive home. 
(4) 
STATE
COURTS
ACTING
IN
LOCO 
PARENTIS.—A department or agency of a State, or 
an individual or entity appointed by a State court or 
juvenile court located in the United States, acting in 
loco parentis, shall not be considered a legal guard-
ian for purposes of this section or section 462 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279). 
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(5) TRANSITION
RULE.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, an alien described in section 
101(a)(27)(J) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(27)(J)), as amended by para-
graph (1), may not be denied special immigrant sta-
tus under such section after the date of the enact-
ment of this Act based on age if the alien was a 
child on the date on which the alien applied for such 
status. 
(6) ACCESS
TO
ASYLUM
PROTECTIONS.—Sec-
tion 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 
U.S.C. 1158) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(E) APPLICABILITY.—Subparagraphs (A) 
and (B) shall not apply to an unaccompanied 
alien child (as defined in section 462(g) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
279(g))).’’; and 
(B) in subsection (b)(3), by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(C) INITIAL JURISDICTION.—An asylum 
officer (as defined in section 235(b)(1)(E)) 
shall have initial jurisdiction over any asylum 
application filed by an unaccompanied alien 
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child (as defined in section 462(g) of the Home-
land Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(g))), 
regardless of whether filed in accordance with 
this section or section 235(b).’’. 
(7) SPECIALIZED NEEDS OF CHILDREN.—Appli-
cations for asylum and other forms of relief from re-
moval in which a child is the principal applicant 
shall be governed by regulations which take into ac-
count the specialized needs of children and which ad-
dress both procedural and substantive aspects of 
handling children’s cases. 
(f) TRAINING.—The Secretary of State, the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services and the Attorney General shall provide 
specialized training to all Federal personnel who come into 
contact with unaccompanied alien children. Such per-
sonnel shall be trained to work with unaccompanied alien 
children, including identifying children who are a victim 
of a severe form of trafficking in persons, and children 
for whom asylum or special immigrant relief may be ap-
propriate, including children described in subsection 
(b)(2). 
(g) AMENDMENTS
TO
THE HOMELAND SECURITY 
ACT OF 2002.— 
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(1) ADDITIONAL
RESPONSIBILITIES.—Section 
462(b)(1)(L) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 279(b)(1)(L)) is amended by striking the 
period at the end and inserting ‘‘, including regular 
follow-up visits to such facilities, placements, and 
other entities, to assess the continued suitability of 
such placements.’’. 
(2) TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.—Section 462(b) 
of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
279(b)) is amended— 
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘para-
graph (1)(G),’’ and inserting ‘‘paragraph (1),’’; 
and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
‘‘(4) RULE
OF
CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in 
paragraph (2)(B) may be construed to require that 
a bond be posted for an unaccompanied alien child 
who is released to a qualified sponsor.’’. 
(h) 
DEFINITION
OF
UNACCOMPANIED
ALIEN 
CHILD.—For purposes of this section, the term ‘‘unaccom-
panied alien child’’ has the meaning given such term in 
section 462(g) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 
U.S.C. 279(g)). 
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(i) EFFECTIVE DATE.—This section shall take effect 
on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act. 
(j) GRANTS
AND CONTRACTS.—The Secretary of 
Health and Human Services may award grants to, and 
enter into contracts with, voluntary agencies to carry out 
this section and section 462 of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279). 
SEC. 237. TEMPORARY INCREASE IN FEE FOR CERTAIN 
CONSULAR SERVICES. 
(a) INCREASE IN FEE.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, not later than October 1, 2008, the Sec-
retary of State shall increase by $2.00 the fee or surcharge 
assessed under section 140(a) of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public 
Law 103–236; 8 U.S.C. 1351 note) for processing ma-
chine readable nonimmigrant visas and machine readable 
combined border crossing identification cards and non-
immigrant visas. 
(b) DEPOSIT OF AMOUNTS.—Notwithstanding sec-
tion 140(a)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236; 8 
U.S.C. 1351 note), fees collected under the authority of 
subsection (a) shall be deposited in the Treasury. 
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(c) DURATION OF INCREASE.—The fee increase au-
thorized under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date 
that is 2 years after the date on which such fee is first 
collected. 
TITLE III—AUTHORIZATIONS OF 
APPROPRIATIONS 
SEC. 301. TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT OF 2000. 
Section 113 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act 
of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7110) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the first sentence— 
(i) by striking ‘‘104,’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$1,500,000’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$5,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2008 through 2011’’; and 
(B) in the second sentence— 
(i) by inserting ‘‘$1,500,000 for addi-
tional personnel for each of the fiscal years 
2008 through 2011’’ after ‘‘Office to Mon-
itor and Combat Trafficking’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘2006 and 2007’’ and 
inserting ‘‘2008 through 2011’’; 
(2) in the first sentence of subsection (b), by 
striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all that follows through 
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(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as 
paragraph (2); and 
(D) in paragraph (2) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (C))— 
(i) by striking ‘‘section 104’’ and in-
serting ‘‘sections 116(f) and 502B(h) of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (as 
added by section 104)’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘, including the prepa-
ration’’ and all that follows through ‘‘sec-
tion’’; 
(4) in subsection (d)— 
(A) in the first sentence, by striking 
‘‘$10,000,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$15,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; and 
(B) in the second sentence, by striking 
‘‘$250,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$500,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(5) in subsection (e)— 
(A) 
in 
paragraph 
(1), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$15,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
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(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking ‘‘section 109’’ and in-
serting ‘‘section 134 of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (as added by section 
109)’’; and 
(ii) by striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all 
that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2008 through 2011’’; and 
(C) 
in 
paragraph 
(3), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$300,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$1,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(6) in subsection (f)— 
(A) by striking ‘‘section 107(b)’’ and in-
serting ‘‘section 107(b) of this Act and section 
202(g) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking 
Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 
2007’’; and 
(B) by striking ‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all that 
follows 
through 
‘‘2007’’ 
and 
inserting 
‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; 
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(7) in subsection (h), by striking ‘‘fiscal year 
2006’’ and inserting ‘‘each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; and 
(8) in subsection (i), by striking ‘‘$18,000,000’’ 
and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ and inserting 
‘‘$18,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’. 
SEC. 302. TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHOR-
IZATION ACT OF 2005. 
The Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization 
Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–164) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (7) of section 102(b), by strik-
ing ‘‘2006 and 2007’’ and inserting ‘‘2008 through 
2011’’; 
(2) in subsection (b) of section 105, by adding 
at the end the following new paragraph: 
‘‘(3) AUTHORIZATION
OF
APPROPRIATIONS.— 
To carry out this subsection, there are authorized to 
be 
appropriated 
to 
the 
Secretary 
of 
Labor 
$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 
2011.’’; 
(3) in subsection (c) of section 201— 
(A) 
in 
paragraph 
(1), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$2,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 2006 
and 2007’’ each place it appears and inserting 
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‘‘$3,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 
through 2011’’; and 
(B) 
in 
paragraph 
(2), 
by 
striking 
‘‘$1,000,000’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘2007’’ and inserting ‘‘$1,000,000 for each of 
the fiscal years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(4) in subsection (d) of section 202, by striking 
‘‘$10,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$15,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’; 
(5) in subsection (g) of section 203, by striking 
‘‘$5,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$5,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’; and 
(6) in subsection (d) of section 204, by striking 
‘‘$25,000,000’’ and all that follows through ‘‘2007’’ 
and inserting ‘‘$25,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
years 2008 through 2011’’. 
SEC. 303. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. 
The amendments made by sections 301 and 302 shall 
not be construed to affect the availability of funds appro-
priated pursuant to the authorizations of appropriations 
under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (di-
vision A of Public Law 106–386; 22 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) 
and the Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization 
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Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–164) before the date of the 
enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 304. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 
(a) TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT
OF 
2000.—Sections 103(1) and 105(d)(7) of the Trafficking 
Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(1) and 
7103(d)(7)) are amended by striking ‘‘Committee on 
International Relations’’ each place it appears and insert-
ing ‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’. 
(b) TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION REAUTHOR-
IZATION ACT
OF 2005.—Section 102(b)(6) and sub-
sections (c)(2)(B)(i) and (e)(2) of section 104 of the Traf-
ficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2005 
(Public Law 109–164) are amended by striking ‘‘Com-
mittee on International Relations’’ each place it appears 
and inserting ‘‘Committee on Foreign Affairs’’. 
TITLE IV—PREVENTION OF THE 
USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS 
SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Child Soldier Preven-
tion Act of 2007’’. 
SEC. 402. DEFINITIONS. 
In this title: 
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(1) APPROPRIATE
CONGRESSIONAL
COMMIT-
TEES.—The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives; and 
(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate. 
(2) CHILD SOLDIER.—Consistent with the pro-
visions of the Optional Protocol, the term ‘‘child sol-
dier’’— 
(A) means— 
(i) any person under age 18 who takes 
a direct part in hostilities as a member of 
governmental armed forces, where the gov-
ernment has failed to take all feasible 
measures to ensure that members of its 
armed forced under age 18 do not take a 
direct part in hostilities; 
(ii) any person under age 18 who has 
been compulsorily recruited into govern-
mental armed forces; 
(iii) any person under age 16 volun-
tarily recruited into governmental armed 
forces; and 
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(iv) any person under age 18 re-
cruited or used in hostilities by armed 
forces distinct from the armed forces of a 
state, where the government has failed to 
take all feasible measures to prevent such 
recruitment and use, including the adop-
tion of legal measures necessary to prohibit 
and criminalize such practices; and 
(B) includes any person described in 
clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of subparagraph (A) 
who is serving in any capacity, including in a 
support role such as a cook, porter, messenger, 
medic, guard, or sex slave. 
(3) OPTIONAL PROTOCOL.—The term ‘‘Optional 
Protocol’’ means the Optional Protocol to the Con-
vention on the Rights of the Child on the Involve-
ment of Children in Armed Conflict, which estab-
lishes 18 as the minimum age for conscription or 
forced recruitment and requires states party to take 
all feasible measures to ensure that members of 
their armed forces under the age of 18 do not take 
a direct part in hostilities 
(4) UNITED
STATES
MUNITIONS
LIST.—The 
term ‘‘United States Munitions List’’ means the list 
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referred to in section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export 
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)). 
SEC. 403. FINDINGS. 
Congress makes the following findings: 
(1) According to the September 7, 2005, report 
to the General Assembly of the United Nations by 
the Special Representative of the Secretary-General 
for Children and Armed Conflict, ‘‘In the last dec-
ade, two million children have been killed in situa-
tions of armed conflict, while six million children 
have been permanently disabled or injured. Over 
250,000 children continue to be exploited as child 
soldiers and tens of thousands of girls are being sub-
jected to rape and other forms of sexual violence.’’. 
(2) According to the Center for Emerging 
Threats and Opportunities (CETO), Marine Corps 
Warfighting Laboratory, ‘‘The Child Soldier Phe-
nomenon has become a post-Cold War epidemic that 
has proliferated to every continent with the excep-
tion of Antarctica and Australia.’’. 
(3) Many of the children currently serving in 
armed forces or paramilitaries were forcibly con-
scripted through kidnapping or coercion, a form of 
human trafficking, while others joined military units 
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due to economic necessity, to avenge the loss of a 
family member, or for their own personal safety. 
(4) Some military and militia commanders force 
child soldiers to commit gruesome acts of ritual 
killings or torture, including acts of violence against 
other children. 
(5) Many female child soldiers face the addi-
tional psychological and physical horrors of rape and 
sexual abuse, enslavement for sexual purposes by mi-
litia commanders, and severe social stigma should 
they return home. 
(6) Some military and militia commanders tar-
get children for recruitment because of their psycho-
logical immaturity and vulnerability to manipulation 
and indoctrination. Children are often separated 
from their families in order to foster dependence on 
military units and leaders. Consequently, many of 
these children suffer from deep trauma and are in 
need of psychological counseling and rehabilitation. 
(7) Child soldiers are exposed to hazardous con-
ditions and are at risk of physical injury and dis-
ability, psychological trauma, sexually transmitted 
diseases, respiratory and skin infections, and often 
death. 
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(8) On May 25, 2000, the United Nations 
adopted and opened for signature, ratification, and 
accession the Optional Protocol to the Convention on 
the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Chil-
dren in Armed Conflict. 
(9) On June 18, 2002, the Senate unanimously 
approved the resolution advising and consenting to 
the ratification of the Optional Protocol. 
(10) On December 23, 2002, the United States 
presented the ratified Optional Protocol to the 
United Nations. 
(11) More than 110 governments worldwide 
have ratified the Optional Protocol, establishing a 
clear international norm concerning the use of chil-
dren in combat. 
(12) On December 2, 1999, the United States 
ratified International Labour Convention 182, the 
Convention concerning the Prohibition and Imme-
diate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms 
of Child Labour, which includes the use of child sol-
diers among the worst forms of child labor. 
(13) On October 7, 2005, the Senate gave its 
advice and consent to the ratification of the Protocol 
to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Per-
sons, 
Especially 
Women 
and 
Children, 
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Supplementing the United Nations Convention 
Against Transnational Organized Crime. 
(14) It is in the national security interest of the 
United States to reduce the chances that members 
of the United States Armed Forces will be forced to 
encounter children in combat situations. 
(15) Section 502B(a)(3) of the Foreign Assist-
ance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(a)(3)) provides 
that ‘‘the President is directed to formulate and con-
duct international security assistance programs of 
the United States in a manner which will promote 
and advance human rights and avoid identification 
of the United States, through such programs, with 
governments which deny to their people internation-
ally recognized human rights and fundamental free-
doms, in violation of international law or in con-
travention of the policy of the United States as ex-
pressed in this section or otherwise’’. 
SEC. 404. SENSE OF CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of Congress that— 
(1) the United States Government should con-
demn the conscription, forced recruitment or use of 
children by governments, paramilitaries, or other or-
ganizations in hostilities; 
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