ured by the annual measurable objectives 
established 
pursuant 
to 
section 
1111(b)(2)(C)(v) of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act and other key 
risk factors such as attendance and on- 
time promotion. 
(b) FEDERAL FUNDS TO SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUP-
PLANT, NON-FEDERAL FUNDS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—A State educational agency 
or local educational agency shall use Federal funds 
received under this title only to supplement the 
funds that would, in the absence of such Federal 
funds, be made available from non-Federal sources 
for the education of pupils participating in programs 
assisted under this title, and not to supplant such 
funds. 
(2) SPECIAL RULE.—Nothing in this title shall 
be construed to authorize an officer, employee, or 
contractor of the Federal Government to mandate, 
direct, limit, or control a State, local educational 
agency, or school’s specific instructional content, 
academic achievement standards and assessments, 
curriculum, or program of instruction. 
SEC. 105. DEFINITIONS. 
For purposes of this title— 
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(1) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Education. 
(2) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means each of 
the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. 
SEC. 106. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
For the purpose of carrying out this title, there are 
authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2008 and each of the 5 succeeding fiscal years. 
TITLE J—RESEARCH 
RECOMMENDATIONS 
SEC. 201. PURPOSE. 
The purpose of this title is to facilitate the genera-
tion, dissemination, and application of research needed to 
identify and implement effective practices that lead to con-
tinual student learning and high academic achievement at 
the middle level. 
SEC. 202. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. 
The Secretary of Education shall use the amounts ap-
propriated under this title to carry out the following activi-
ties: 
(1) Create a national clearinghouse for research 
in: best practices in the middle level and in the ap-
proaches that successfully take those best practices 
to scale in schools and school districts. 
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(2) Create a national middle level database ac-
cessible to educational researchers, practitioners, 
and policymakers that identify school, classroom, 
and system-level factors that facilitate or impede 
student achievement in the middle grades. 
(3) Require the Institute of Education Sciences 
or any other educational research agency to develop 
a strand of field-initiated research designed to en-
hance performance of middle grade schools and stu-
dents who are most at risk of educational failure. 
Such research should target specific issues such 
as— 
(A) effective practices in mathematics, 
science, literacy; 
(B) academic interventions for adolescent 
English language learners; and 
(C) school improvement programs and 
strategies for closing the achievement gap. 
(4) Require the Institute of Education Sciences 
or any other educational research agency to initiate 
a series of large scale randomized field trials de-
signed to establish the most effective ways to— 
(A) use increase learning or school time in 
the middle grades, 
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(B) decrease class size or employ addi-
tional instructional staff, and 
(C) recruit, retain, and develop teachers 
with strong middle grade teaching skills in 
order to raise middle grade achievement. 
(5) Strengthen the work of the existing Na-
tional Research and Development Centers by adding 
a research and development center dedicated to ad-
dressing— 
(A) curricular/instructional issues pertinent 
to the middle grades (such as mathematics, 
science, the needs of English language learners, 
and students with disabilities); 
(B) comprehensive school-wide reforms for 
low performing middle grade schools; and 
(C) other topics pertinent to middle grades 
schools. 
(6) Provide grants to nonprofit organizations, 
for-profit organizations, institutes of higher learning, 
and others to partner with State and local edu-
cational agencies to develop, adapt, and/or replicate 
effective models for turning around low-performing 
middle grade schools. 
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SEC. 203. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; RESERVA-
TIONS. 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated $100,000,000 to carry out this title. 
(2) RESERVATIONS.—From the total amount 
made available to carry out this title, the Secretary 
shall reserve— 
(A) 5 percent for the database described in 
section 202(1); 
(B) 5 percent for the database described in 
section 202(2); 
(C) 25 percent for the activities described 
in section 202(3); 
(D) 20 percent for the activities described 
in section 202(4); 
(E) 15 percent for the activities described 
in section 202(5); and 
(F) 30 percent for the activities described 
in section 202(6). 
Æ 
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