HR 5905 PCS 
Sec. 8. Fusion energy. 
Sec. 9. Nuclear physics. 
Sec. 10. Science laboratories infrastructure program. 
Sec. 11. Authorization of appropriations. 
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 
In this Act: 
(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
(2) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means 
the Director of the Office of Science of the Depart-
ment. 
(3) NATIONAL LABORATORY.—The term ‘‘Na-
tional Laboratory’’ has the meaning given that term 
in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15801). 
(4) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means 
the Secretary of Energy. 
SEC. 3. MISSION. 
Section 209 of the Department of Energy Organiza-
tion Act (42 U.S.C. 7139) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
‘‘(c) MISSION.—The mission of the Office of Science 
shall be the delivery of scientific discoveries, capabilities, 
and major scientific tools to transform the understanding 
of nature and to advance the energy, economic, and na-
tional security of the United States.’’. 
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SEC. 4. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro-
gram in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences 
and engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, 
and geosciences, for the purpose of providing the scientific 
foundations for new energy technologies. 
(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 
in subsection (a) shall be to support fundamental research 
to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and 
energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels in 
order to provide the foundations for new energy tech-
nologies and to support Department missions in energy, 
environment, and national security. 
(c) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES USER FACILITIES.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program for the development, construction, oper-
ation, and maintenance of national user facilities. 
(2) REQUIREMENTS.—To the maximum extent 
practicable, the national user facilities developed, 
constructed, operated, or maintained under para-
graph (1) shall serve the needs of the Department, 
industry, the academic community, and other rel-
evant entities to create and examine materials and 
chemical processes for the purpose of improving the 
competitiveness of the United States. 
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(3) INCLUDED FACILITIES.—The national user 
facilities developed, constructed, operated, or main-
tained under paragraph (1) shall include— 
(A) x-ray light sources; 
(B) neutron sources; 
(C) nanoscale science research centers; and 
(D) such other facilities as the Director 
considers appropriate, consistent with section 
209 of the Department of Energy Organization 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7139). 
(d) BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES RESEARCH INFRA-
STRUCTURE.— 
(1) ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Pho-
ton Source described in the publication ap-
proved by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory 
Committee on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on 
Facility Upgrades’’, including the development 
of a multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a 
high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x- 
ray energy region and a suite of beamlines opti-
mized for this source. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
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(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means 
the rate of flow of photons. 
(ii) HARD X-RAY.—The term ‘‘hard x- 
ray’’ means a photon with energy greater 
than 20 kiloelectron volts. 
(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the 
upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De-
cember 31, 2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 
Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $93,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(2) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
PROTON 
POWER UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for a proton power upgrade to the 
Spallation Neutron Source. 
(B) DEFINITION OF PROTON POWER UP-
GRADE.—For the purposes of this paragraph, 
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the term ‘‘proton power upgrade’’ means the 
Spallation Neutron Source power upgrade de-
scribed in— 
(i) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published Decem-
ber 2003; 
(ii) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 
2007; and 
(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facil-
ity Upgrades’’. 
(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the 
upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De-
cember 31, 2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 
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Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $36,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $60,800,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(3) SPALLATION
NEUTRON
SOURCE
SECOND 
TARGET STATION.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for a second target station for the 
Spallation Neutron Source. 
(B) DEFINITION OF SECOND TARGET STA-
TION.—For the purposes of this paragraph, the 
term ‘‘second target station’’ means the Spall-
ation Neutron Source second target station de-
scribed in— 
(i) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published Decem-
ber 2003; 
(ii) the publication of the Office of 
Science of the Department of Energy titled 
‘‘Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
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Twenty-Year Outlook’’, published August 
2007; and 
(iii) the publication approved by the 
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facil-
ity Upgrades’’. 
(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the 
second target station under this paragraph oc-
curs before December 31, 2030, with the option 
for early operation in 2028. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 
Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out activities, includ-
ing construction, under this paragraph— 
(i) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(4) ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Advanced Light 
Source described in the publication approved by 
the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee 
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on June 9, 2016, titled ‘‘Report on Facility Up-
grades’’, including the development of a multi- 
bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy re-
gion. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
(i) FLUX.—The term ‘‘flux’’ means 
the rate of flow of photons. 
(ii) SOFT X-RAY.—The term ‘‘soft x- 
ray’’ means a photon with energy in the 
range from 50 to 2,000 electron volts. 
(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the 
upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De-
cember 31, 2026. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 
Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
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(5) LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE II HIGH 
ENERGY UPGRADE.— 
(A) IN
GENERAL.—The Secretary shall 
provide for the upgrade to the Linac Coherent 
Light Source II facility described in the publi-
cation approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled 
‘‘Report on Facility Upgrades’’, including the 
development of experimental capabilities for 
high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental sci-
entific discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure 
the upgrade under this paragraph enables the 
production and use of high energy, ultra-short 
pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate. 
(B) DEFINITIONS.—In this paragraph: 
(i) HIGH ENERGY X-RAY.—The term a 
‘‘high energy x-ray’’ means a photon with 
an energy at or exceeding 12 kiloelectron 
volts. 
(ii) HIGH
REPETITION
RATE.—The 
term ‘‘high repetition rate’’ means the de-
livery of x-ray pulses up to 1 million pulses 
per second. 
(iii) ULTRA-SHORT PULSE X-RAYS.— 
The term ‘‘ultra-short pulse x-rays’’ means 
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x-ray bursts capable of durations of less 
than 100 femtoseconds. 
(C) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Sec-
retary shall, to the maximum extent practicable, 
ensure that the start of full operations of the 
upgrade under this paragraph occurs before De-
cember 31, 2025. 
(D) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized 
to be appropriated under section 11 for Basic 
Energy Sciences, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the upgrade under 
this paragraph— 
(i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; 
and 
(ii) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(e) 
ACCELERATOR
RESEARCH
AND
DEVELOP-
MENT.—The Director shall carry out research and devel-
opment on advanced accelerator and storage ring tech-
nologies relevant to the development of Basic Energy 
Sciences user facilities, in consultation with the Office of 
Science’s High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics pro-
grams. 
(f) SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE.— 
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HR 5905 PCS 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 973 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16313) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 973. SOLAR FUELS RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Solar 
Fuels Research Initiative’ (referred to in this section 
as the ‘Initiative’) to expand theoretical and funda-
mental 
knowledge 
of 
photochemistry, 
electro-
chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science useful 
for the practical development of experimental sys-
tems to convert solar energy to chemical energy. 
‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 
and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary 
shall leverage expertise and resources from— 
‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program 
and the Biological and Environmental Research 
Program of the Office of Science; and 
‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 
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the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and the private sector. 
‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 
described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag-
gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 
‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 
provide sufficient resources to the multidisci-
plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 
achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 
over a period of time to be determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
may organize additional activities under this sub-
section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 
Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 
structures. 
‘‘(b) ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and 
discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosyn-
thetic systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
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‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, in-
cluding— 
‘‘(i) photoinduced production of hy-
drogen and oxygen from water; and 
‘‘(ii) the sustainable photoinduced re-
duction of carbon dioxide to fuel products 
including hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon 
monoxide, and natural gas; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
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out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology. 
‘‘(c) BIOCHEMISTRY, REPLICATION
OF NATURAL 
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, AND RELATED PROCESSES.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to replicate natural photosynthetic 
processes by use of artificial photosynthetic compo-
nents and materials. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences shall support basic research to 
expand fundamental knowledge to replicate nat-
ural synthesis processes, including— 
‘‘(i) the photoinduced reduction of 
dinitrogen to ammonia; 
‘‘(ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide 
from ambient air; 
‘‘(iii) molecular-based charge separa-
tion and storage; 
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‘‘(iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; 
and 
‘‘(v) catalysis in biological or bio-
mimetic systems; 
‘‘(B) the Associate Director of Biological 
and Environmental Research shall support sys-
tems biology and genomics approaches to un-
derstand genetic and physiological pathways 
connected to photosynthetic mechanisms; and 
‘‘(C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 
and Biological and Environmental Research, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
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out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
amended by striking the item relating to section 973 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 973. Solar fuels research initiative.’’. 
(g) ELECTRICITY
STORAGE
RESEARCH
INITIA-
TIVE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 975 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended 
to read as follows: 
‘‘SEC. 975. ELECTRICITY STORAGE RESEARCH INITIATIVE. 
‘‘(a) INITIATIVE.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Elec-
tricity Storage Research Initiative’ (referred to in 
this section as the ‘Initiative’)— 
‘‘(A) to expand theoretical and funda-
mental knowledge to control, store, and con-
vert— 
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‘‘(i) electrical energy to chemical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(ii) chemical energy to electrical en-
ergy; and 
‘‘(B) to support scientific inquiry into the 
practical understanding of chemical and phys-
ical processes that occur within systems involv-
ing crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, 
and organic and aqueous liquids. 
‘‘(2) LEVERAGING.—In carrying out programs 
and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary 
shall leverage expertise and resources from— 
‘‘(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, 
the Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
Program, and the Biological and Environmental 
Research Program of the Office of Science; and 
‘‘(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy. 
‘‘(3) TEAMS.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities 
among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to 
the maximum extent practicable, expertise from 
the National Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, and the private sector. 
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‘‘(B) GOALS.—The multidisciplinary teams 
described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue ag-
gressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. 
‘‘(C) RESOURCES.—The Secretary shall 
provide sufficient resources to the multidisci-
plinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to 
achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) 
over a period of time to be determined by the 
Secretary. 
‘‘(4) ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.—The Secretary 
may organize additional activities under this sub-
section through Energy Frontier Research Centers, 
Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational 
structures. 
‘‘(b) MULTIVALENT SYSTEMS.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and 
discover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion mate-
rials in electric energy storage systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy 
Sciences 
shall 
investigate 
electro-
chemical properties and the dynamics of mate-
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rials, including charge transfer phenomena and 
mass transport in materials; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 
and Biological and Environmental Research, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 
for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology. 
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‘‘(c) ELECTROCHEMISTRY MODELING AND SIMULA-
TION.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search to model and simulate organic electrolytes, 
including the static and dynamic electrochemical be-
havior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the 
molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multi-
valent systems. 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences, in coordination with the Asso-
ciate Director of Advanced Scientific Com-
puting Research, shall support the development 
of 
high 
performance 
computational 
tools 
through a joint development process to maxi-
mize the effectiveness of current and projected 
high performance computing systems; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
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‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 
and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
out activities under this subsection $30,000,000 
for each of the fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology. 
‘‘(d) MESOSCALE ELECTROCHEMISTRY.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 
out under the Initiative a program to support re-
search needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined 
mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries rel-
evant to— 
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‘‘(A) 
bio-electrochemistry 
and 
electro-
chemical energy conversion and storage in con-
fined spaces; and 
‘‘(B) the dynamics of the phenomena de-
scribed in subparagraph (A). 
‘‘(2) ACTIVITIES.—As part of the program de-
scribed in paragraph (1)— 
‘‘(A) the Director of the Office of Basic 
Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of 
Biological and Environmental Research shall in-
vestigate phenomena of mesoscale electro-
chemical confinement for the purpose of repli-
cating and controlling new electrochemical be-
havior; and 
‘‘(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy 
Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support 
translational research, development, and valida-
tion of physical concepts developed under the 
program. 
‘‘(3) STANDARD
OF
REVIEW.—The Secretary 
shall review activities carried out under the program 
described in paragraph (1) to determine the achieve-
ment of technical milestones. 
‘‘(4) FUNDING.— 
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‘‘(A) IN
GENERAL.—From within funds 
authorized to be appropriated under section 11 
of the Department of Energy Science and Inno-
vation Act of 2018, for Basic Energy Sciences 
and Biological and Environmental Research, 
the Secretary shall make available for carrying 
out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019. 
‘‘(B) PROHIBITION.—No funds allocated to 
the program described in paragraph (1) may be 
obligated or expended for commercial applica-
tion of energy technology.’’. 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of 
contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005 is 
amended by striking the item relating to section 975 
and inserting the following: 
‘‘Sec. 975. Electricity storage research initiative.’’. 
(h) ENERGY FRONTIER RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
a program to provide awards, on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis, to multi-institutional collabora-
tions or other appropriate entities to conduct funda-
mental and use-inspired energy research to accel-
erate scientific breakthroughs. 
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(2) COLLABORATIONS.—A collaboration receiv-
ing an award under this subsection may include mul-
tiple types of institutions and private sector entities. 
(3) SELECTION AND DURATION.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—A collaboration under 
this subsection shall be selected for a period of 
4 years. 
(B) 
EXISTING
CENTERS.—An 
Energy 
Frontier Research Center in existence and sup-
ported by the Director on the date of enactment 
of this Act may continue to receive support for 
a period of 4 years beginning on the date of es-
tablishment of that center. 
(C) REAPPLICATION.—After the end of the 
period described in subparagraph (A) or (B), as 
applicable, a recipient of an award may reapply 
for selection on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
basis. 
(D) TERMINATION.—Consistent with the 
existing authorities of the Department, the Di-
rector may terminate an underperforming cen-
ter for cause during the performance period. 
(i) MATERIALS RESEARCH DATABASE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—As part of the program in 
materials sciences and engineering, the Director 
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shall support the development of a web-based plat-
form to provide access to a database of computed in-
formation on known and predicted materials prop-
erties and computational tools to accelerate break-
throughs in materials discovery and design. 
(2) In carrying out this section, the Director 
shall— 
(A) conduct cooperative research with in-
dustry, academia, and other research institu-
tions to facilitate the design of novel materials; 
(B) leverage existing high performance 
computing systems to conduct high-throughput 
calculations, and develop computational and 
data mining algorithms for the prediction of 
material properties; 
(C) advance understanding, prediction, and 
manipulation of materials; 
(D) strengthen the foundation for new 
technologies and advanced manufacturing; and 
(E) drive the development of advanced ma-
terials for applications that span the Depart-
ment’s missions in energy, environment, and 
national security. 
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(3) In carrying out this section, the Director 
shall leverage programs and activities across the De-
partment. 
SEC. 5. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a re-
search, development, and demonstration program to ad-
vance computational and networking capabilities to ana-
lyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena rel-
evant to the development of new energy technologies and 
the competitiveness of the United States. 
(b) AMERICAN SUPER COMPUTING LEADERSHIP.— 
(1) RENAMING OF ACT.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Section 1 of the De-
partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi-
talization Act of 2004 (15 U.S.C. 5501 note; 
Public Law 108–423) is amended by striking 
‘‘Department of Energy High-End Computing 
Revitalization Act of 2004’’ and inserting 
‘‘American Super Computing Leadership Act’’. 
(B) CONFORMING
AMENDMENT.—Section 
976(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16316(1)) is amended by striking ‘‘De-
partment of Energy High-End Computing Revi-
talization Act of 2004’’ and inserting ‘‘Amer-
ican Super Computing Leadership Act’’. 
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(2) DEFINITIONS.—Section 2 of the American 
Super Computing Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), 
as renamed by paragraph (1), is amended— 
(A) 
by 
redesignating 
paragraphs 
(2) 
through (5) as paragraphs (3) through (6), re-
spectively; 
(B) by striking paragraph (1) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘Department’ 
means the Department of Energy. 
‘‘(2) 
EXASCALE
COMPUTING.—The 
term 
‘exascale computing’ means computing through the 
use of a computing machine that performs near or 
above 10 to the 18th power operations per second.’’; 
and 
(C) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (A)), by striking ‘‘, acting 
through the Director of the Office of Science of 
the Department of Energy’’. 
(3) DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH-END COM-
PUTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.— 
Section 3 of the American Super Computing Leader-
ship Act (15 U.S.C. 5542), as renamed by para-
graph (1), is amended— 
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(A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ‘‘pro-
gram’’ and inserting ‘‘coordinated program 
across the Department’’; 
(B) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘, 
which may’’ and all that follows through 
‘‘multithreading architectures’’; and 
(C) by striking subsection (d) and insert-
ing the following: 
‘‘(d) EXASCALE COMPUTING PROGRAM.— 
‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall con-
duct a research program (referred to in this sub-
section as the ‘Program’) for exascale computing, in-
cluding the development of two or more exascale 
computing machine architectures, to promote the 
missions of the Department. 
‘‘(2) EXECUTION.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the 
Program, the Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) establish a National Laboratory 
partnership for industry partners and in-
stitutions of higher education for codesign 
of exascale hardware, technology, software, 
and applications across all applicable orga-
nizations of the Department; 
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‘‘(ii) acquire multiple exascale com-
puting systems at the existing Depart-
mental facilities that represent at least two 
distinct technology options developed under 
clause (i); 
‘‘(iii) develop such advancements in 
hardware and software technology as are 
required to fully realize the potential of an 
exascale production system in addressing 
Department target applications and solving 
scientific problems involving predictive 
modeling and simulation, large scale data 
analytics and management, and artificial 
intelligence; 
‘‘(iv) explore the use of exascale com-
puting technologies to advance a broad 
range of science and engineering; and 
‘‘(v) provide, as appropriate, on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access 
for researchers in industries in the United 
States, institutions of higher education, 
National Laboratories, and other Federal 
agencies to the exascale computing systems 
developed pursuant to clause (i). 
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‘‘(B) SELECTION OF PARTNERS.—The Sec-
retary shall select the partnerships with the 
computing facilities of the Department under 
subparagraph (A) through a competitive, peer- 
review process. 
‘‘(3) CODESIGN
AND
APPLICATION
DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall— 
‘‘(i) carry out the Program through 
an integration of applications, computer 
science, applied mathematics, and com-
puter hardware architecture using the 
partnerships established pursuant to para-
graph (2) to ensure that, to the maximum 
extent practicable, two or more exascale 
computing machine architectures are capa-
ble of solving Department target applica-
tions and broader scientific problems, in-
cluding predictive modeling and simulation, 
large scale data analytics and manage-
ment, and artificial intelligence; and 
‘‘(ii) conduct outreach programs to in-
crease the readiness for the use of such 
platforms by domestic industries, including 
manufacturers. 
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‘‘(B) REPORT.—(i) The Secretary shall 
submit to Congress a report describing how the 
integration under subparagraph (A) is fur-
thering application science data and computa-
tional workloads across application interests, in-
cluding national security, material science, 
physical 
science, 
cybersecurity, 
biological 
science, the Materials Genome and BRAIN Ini-
tiatives of the President, advanced manufac-
turing, and the national electric grid. 
‘‘(ii) The roles and responsibilities of Na-
tional Laboratories and industry, including the 
definition of the roles and responsibilities within 
the Department to ensure an integrated pro-
gram across the Department. 
‘‘(4) PROJECT REVIEW.— 
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—The exascale architec-
tures developed pursuant to partnerships estab-
lished pursuant to paragraph (2) shall be re-
viewed through a project review process. 
‘‘(B) REPORT.—Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
on— 
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‘‘(i) the results of the review con-
ducted under subparagraph (A); and 
‘‘(ii) the coordination and manage-
ment of the Program to ensure an inte-
grated research program across the De-
partment. 
‘‘(5) ANNUAL REPORTS.—At the time of the 
budget submission of the Department for each fiscal 
year, the Secretary, in consultation with the mem-
bers of the partnerships established pursuant to 
paragraph (2), shall submit to Congress a report 
that describes funding for the Program as a whole 
by functional element of the Department and critical 
milestones.’’. 
(c) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
AND NET-
WORKING RESEARCH.—The Director shall support re-
search in high-performance computing and networking rel-
evant to energy applications, including modeling, simula-
tion, machine learning, and advanced data analytics for 
basic and applied energy research programs carried out 
by the Secretary. 
(d) APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND SOFTWARE DEVEL-
OPMENT
FOR HIGH-END COMPUTING SYSTEMS, COM-
PUTATIONAL, AND COMPUTER SCIENCES RESEARCH.— 
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(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director shall carry out 
activities to develop, test, and support— 
(A) mathematics, models, statistics, and al-
gorithms for complex systems and programming 
environments; and 
(B) tools, languages, and operations for 
high-end computing systems (as defined in sec-
tion 2 of the American Super Computing Lead-
ership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by 
this section). 
(2) PORTFOLIO BALANCE.—The Director shall 
maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced 
scientific computing research and development pro-
gram established under section 976 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports 
robust investment in applied mathematical, com-
putational, and computer sciences research while ac-
commodating necessary investments in high-perform-
ance computing hardware and facilities. 
(e) WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.—The Director of 
the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research 
shall support the development of a computational science 
workforce through a program that— 
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(1) facilitates collaboration between university 
students and researchers at the National Labora-
tories; and 
(2) endeavors to advance science in areas rel-
evant to the mission of the Department through the 
application of computational science. 
SEC. 6. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a re-
search program on the fundamental constituents of matter 
and energy and the nature of space and time. 
(b) MISSION.—The mission of the program described 
in subsection (a) shall be to support theoretical and experi-
mental research in both elementary particle physics and 
fundamental accelerator science and technology to under-
stand fundamental properties of the universe. 
(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Con-
gress that— 
(1) the Director should incorporate the findings 
and recommendations of the Particle Physics Project 
Prioritization Panel’s report entitled ‘‘Building for 
Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics 
in the Global Context’’, into the Department’s plan-
ning process as part of the program described in 
subsection (a); 
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(2) the Director should prioritize domestically 
hosted research projects that will maintain the 
United States position as a global leader in particle 
physics and attract the world’s most talented physi-
cists and foreign investment for international col-
laboration; and 
(3) the nations that lead in particle physics by 
hosting international teams dedicated to a common 
scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and in-
spire future generations of physicists and tech-
nologists. 
(d) NEUTRINO RESEARCH.—As part of the program 
described in subsection (a), the Director shall carry out 
research activities on rare decay processes and the nature 
of the neutrino, which may include collaborations with the 
National Science Foundation or international collabora-
tions. 
(e) LONG-BASELINE NEUTRINO FACILITY FOR DEEP 
UNDERGROUND NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall provide 
for a Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate 
the international Deep Underground Neutrino Ex-
periment to enable a program in neutrino physics to 
measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos, ex-
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plore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better 
clarify the nature of matter and antimatter. 
(2) FACILITY
CAPABILITIES.—The Secretary 
shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph 
(1) will provide, at a minimum, the following capa-
bilities: 
(A) A broad-band neutrino beam capable 
of 1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power and 
upgradable to 2.4 MW of beam power. 
(B) Four caverns excavated for a 40 kil-
oton fiducial detector mass and supporting sur-
face buildings and utilities. 
(C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the 
Far Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in 
Illinois to categorize and study neutrinos on 
their 800-mile journey between the two sites. 
(D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 
detectors. 
(3) START
OF
OPERATIONS.—The Secretary 
shall, to the maximum extent practicable, ensure 
that the start of full operations of the facility under 
this subsection occurs before December 31, 2026. 
(4) FUNDING.—Out of funds authorized to be 
appropriated under section 11 for High Energy 
Physics, there shall be made available to the Sec-
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retary to carry out activities, including construction 
of the facility, under this subsection— 
(A) $95,000,000 for fiscal year 2018; and 
(B) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2019. 
(5) DARK
ENERGY
AND
DARK
MATTER
RE-
SEARCH.—As part of the program described in para-
graph (1), the Director shall carry out research ac-
tivities on the nature of dark energy and dark mat-
ter, which may include collaborations with the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration or the 
National Science Foundation, or international col-
laborations. 
(6) 
INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATION.—The 
Director, as practicable and in coordination with 
other appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, 
shall ensure the access of United States researchers 
to the most advanced accelerator facilities and re-
search capabilities in the world, including the Large 
Hadron Collider. 
SEC. 7. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. 
(a) PROGRAM.—The Director shall carry out a pro-
gram of basic research in the areas of biological systems 
science and environmental science relevant to the develop-
ment of new energy technologies and to support Depart-
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ment missions in energy, environment, and national secu-
rity. 
(b) BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.—The Director shall carry 
out research and development activities in fundamental, 
structural, computational, and systems biology to increase 
systems-level understanding of the complex biological sys-
tems, which may include activities— 
(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowl-
edge that would enable the cost-effective, sustainable 
production of— 
(A) biomass-based liquid transportation 
fuels; 
(B) bioenergy; and 
(C) biobased materials; 
(2) to improve understanding of the global car-
bon cycle, including processes for removing carbon 
dioxide from the atmosphere, through photosynthesis 
and other biological processes, for sequestration and 
storage; and 
(3) to understand the biological mechanisms 
used to transform, immobilize, or remove contami-
nants from subsurface environments. 
(c) BIOENERGY RESEARCH CENTERS.— 
(1) IN
GENERAL.—In carrying out activities 
under subsection (a), the Director shall select and 
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establish up to four bioenergy research centers to 
conduct basic and fundamental research in plant 
and microbial systems biology, bio imaging and anal-
ysis, and genomics to inform the production of fuels, 
chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and 
to facilitate the translation of basic research results 
to industry. 
(2) SELECTION.—The Director shall select cen-
ters under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-re-
viewed basis. The Director shall consider applica-
tions from National Laboratories, multi-institutional 
collaborations, and other appropriate entities. 
(3) DURATION.—A center established under 
this subsection shall receive support for a period of 
not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
appropriations. 
(4) EXISTING CENTERS.—The Director may se-
lect a center for participation under this subsection 
that is in existence, or undergoing a renewal process, 
on the date of enactment of this Act. Such center 
shall be eligible to receive support for the duration 
the 5-year period beginning on the date of establish-
ment of such center. 
(5) RENEWAL.—Upon the expiration of any pe-
riod of support of a center under this subsection, the 
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Calendar No. 496 
115TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION 
H. R. 5905 
AN ACT 
To authorize basic research programs in the De-
partment of Energy Office of Science for fiscal 
years 2018 and 2019. 
JUNE 28, 2018 
Received; read twice and placed on the calendar 
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