I 
119TH CONGRESS 
1ST SESSION H. R. 4174 
To require the publication of data sets regarding firearm trace data. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 
JUNE 26, 2025 
Mr. GOLDMAN of New York (for himself, Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia, and Ms. 
NORTON) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary 
A BILL 
To require the publication of data sets regarding firearm 
trace data. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘ATF Data and Anti- 
Trafficking Accountability Act’’ or the ‘‘ATF DATA Act’’. 
SEC. 2. REQUIRING THE PUBLICATION OF DATA SETS RE-
GARDING FIREARM TRACE DATA. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Within 6 months after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and not less frequently than 
annually thereafter, the Attorney General, through the 
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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (in 
this section referred to as the ‘‘Bureau’’), shall submit to 
the Congress and make available to the public through 
electronic means a report that contains, at a minimum, 
the following information with respect to the then most 
recently completed calendar year (in this section referred 
to as the ‘‘period’’) for which data is available: 
(1) Aggregated firearm trace data collected by 
the Bureau during the period, disaggregated by the 
license type of the source licensee. 
(2) A list of the 200 source licensees to whom 
the highest number of firearms were traced during 
the period, including— 
(A) the aggregate number of firearms 
traced to each such licensee, disaggregated by 
handguns, rifles, and shotguns; 
(B) the cities from which the firearms were 
recovered; 
(C) the average time-to-crime of the fire-
arms traced to each such licensee; 
(D) the categories (determined by the At-
torney General) of crimes committed with the 
firearms traced to each such licensee, if such 
information is available; 
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(E) the number of traced firearms trans-
ferred by each licensee in any multiple sale; and 
(F) the number of firearms traced to each 
licensee that the licensee reported, pursuant to 
section 923(g)(6) of title 18, United States 
Code, as lost or stolen. 
(3) Aggregated data for the period on— 
(A) the distribution among source licensees 
of the following, disaggregated by licensee type, 
by total number, by percentage, and by source 
State— 
(i) 0 or more traced firearms; 
(ii) 1 or more traced firearms; 
(iii) 2 or more traced firearms; 
(iv) 5 or more traced firearms; 
(v) 10 or more traced firearms; 
(vi) 25 or more traced firearms; and 
(vii) 50 or more traced firearms; and 
(B) the number of source licensees with 
any firearms traces, disaggregated by State. 
(4) Aggregated firearm trace data for the pe-
riod, disaggregated by the 50 Metropolitan Statis-
tical Areas with the highest overall homicide rates 
(as determined by the Attorney General) for the pe-
riod and by the 50 such areas with the highest per 
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capita homicide rates (as so determined) for the pe-
riod, as listed in the Federal Bureau of Investigation 
report, entitled ‘‘Crime in the U.S.’’, covering the 
period or other national crime data used by the Bu-
reau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives 
for the period, including— 
(A) the total number of firearms recovered; 
(B) the number and percentage of firearms 
recovered from the 10 source States where the 
10 greatest numbers of initial retail sales of the 
firearms occurred; 
(C) the 20 source licensees who made the 
20 greatest numbers of initial retail sales of the 
firearms recovered; 
(D) the number of recovered firearms 
traced to each of the 20 licensees referred to in 
subparagraph (C), further disaggregated by— 
(i) the average time-to-crime for the 
firearms traced to the licensee; and 
(ii) the number of firearms traced to 
the licensee with respect to which the time- 
to-crime was less than 3 years; 
(E) the identities of the Federal, State, or 
local government agency that recovered the fire-
arms; 
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(F) the types of firearms recovered; and 
(G) the total number of recovered firearms 
with a time-to-crime of— 
(i) less than 3 years; 
(ii) less than 2 years; and 
(iii) less than 1 year. 
(5) Data, aggregated by State, related to the 
types of firearms traced during the period, includ-
ing— 
(A) the category (as determined by the At-
torney General) of crime leading to recovery, 
where the information is available; 
(B) the 10 manufacturers who made the 
10 greatest numbers of the firearms, the fire-
arm models of the 10 greatest number of the 
firearms, the 10 most recovered finishes or col-
ors of the firearms, and the 10 most recovered 
barrel lengths of the firearms; and 
(C) the average time-to-crime for each sub-
category (as determined by the Attorney Gen-
eral) of crime committed with the firearms. 
(6) The number of traced firearms sold as part 
of a multiple sale recovered during the period, 
disaggregated by State and by— 
(A) the number of— 
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(i) handguns; and 
(ii) rifles the source State of which re-
quires the reporting of rifle sales that are 
part of a multiple sale of rifles; 
(B) the average time-to-crime for the fire-
arms; and 
(C) the percentage of the firearms recov-
ered in the State in which initially purchased. 
(7) The following data on traced firearms deter-
mined to have been lost by or stolen from a licensee 
during the period, disaggregated by State: 
(A) The number of the firearms, further 
disaggregated by licensee type. 
(B) The number of the firearms, further 
disaggregated by average time-to-crime. 
(C) The percentage of the firearms not re-
ported by licensees as lost or stolen before the 
date of the trace request for the firearm in-
volved. 
(D) The percentage of the firearms recov-
ered in the State in which the business prem-
ises from which the source licensee conducts 
business subject to the license is located. 
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(E) The number of licensees who have had 
2 or more firearms lost or stolen in the 5 years 
preceding the period. 
(F) The number of firearms lost or stolen 
from licensees referred to in subparagraph (E). 
(G) The number of reports of lost or stolen 
firearms filed by licensees referred to in sub-
paragraph (E). 
(H) The number of incidents of theft or 
lost referred to in subparagraph (E) reported 
by licensees before the date of the trace request 
for the firearm involved. 
(8) The total number of privately made fire-
arms recovered during the period, disaggregated 
by— 
(A) the State in which the firearm was re-
covered; 
(B) the type of firearm; and 
(C) the firearm brand, if known. 
(9) A list, disaggregated by whole number and 
by per capita, of— 
(A) the 50 law enforcement agencies in the 
United States that requested the greatest num-
ber of firearm traces during the period; and 
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(B) the 10 law enforcement agencies in the 
United States that requested the greatest num-
ber of traces per State during the period. 
(10) The aggregate number of traces during the 
period of firearms with serial numbers engraved or 
cast on the receiver or frame of the firearm in ac-
cordance with section 923(i) of such title that were 
recovered in a foreign country and submitted to the 
Bureau for tracing, disaggregated by— 
(A) the foreign country in which recovered; 
(B) the number and percentage that were 
originally purchased in the United States; 
(C) the average time-to-crime for the fire-
arms; 
(D) the number of firearms sold as part of 
a multiple sale; and 
(E) the type of firearm. 
(11) An overview and analysis of— 
(A) firearms trafficking patterns in the 
United States; 
(B) firearms trafficking investigations un-
dertaken by the Department of Justice, includ-
ing at a minimum— 
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(i) the number of firearms diverted 
from legal to illegal commerce by the tar-
gets of firearms trafficking investigations; 
(ii) a description of how the traf-
ficking investigations were initiated, in-
cluding the number and percentage that 
were initiated through— 
(I) multiple sales records; 
(II) crime gun trace data anal-
ysis; 
(III) inspections of licensees; or 
(IV) licensee reporting of lost or 
stolen firearms; 
(iii) the number and percentage of 
firearms trafficking investigations in which 
youth and juveniles were involved as pos-
sessors, straw purchasers, thieves, robbers, 
or traffickers; 
(iv) a description of the crimes fire-
arms traffickers were charged with, and 
convicted of, and the number and percent-
age of investigations and defendants that 
involved those crimes; and 
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(v) a breakdown by State of the num-
ber and percentage of firearms trafficking 
investigations; and 
(C) the role of sales by unlicensed individ-
uals or entities in firearms trafficking, includ-
ing sales facilitated— 
(i) at gun shows; or 
(ii) through online forums. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
(1) The terms ‘‘firearm’’, ‘‘importer’’, ‘‘manu-
facturer’’, 
‘‘licensed 
manufacturer’’, 
‘‘dealer’’, 
‘‘handgun’’, ‘‘rifle’’, and ‘‘shotgun’’ have the mean-
ings provided the terms, respectively, in section 
921(a) of title 18, United States Code. 
(2) The term ‘‘time-to-crime’’ means, with re-
spect to a firearm, the length of time between the 
date of the initial retail sale of the firearm and the 
date of the trace request for the firearm. 
(3) The term ‘‘multiple sale’’ means the sale or 
other disposition of 2 or more firearms at one time, 
or within 5 consecutive business days, that is re-
quired by law to be reported to the Attorney Gen-
eral. 
(4) The term ‘‘source licensee’’ means, with re-
spect to a firearm, the person licensed under chapter 
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44 of title 18, United States Code, who made the 
initial sale of the firearm to an unlicensed person. 
(5) The term ‘‘source State’’ means, with re-
spect to a firearm, the State or other territory of the 
United States where the initial retail sale of the fire-
arm occurred. 
(6) The term ‘‘privately made firearm’’ means 
a firearm that— 
(A) is assembled or otherwise made by a 
person other than a licensed manufacturer; and 
(B) is not identified by means of a serial 
number or other mark engraved or cast on the 
receiver or frame by a licensed manufacturer or 
licensed dealer. 
Æ 
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