I
104TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. R. 891
To acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity
of slavery in the United States and the 13 American colonies between
1619 and 1865 and to establish a commission to examine the institution
of slavery, subsequent de jure and de facto racial and economic discrimi-
nation against African Americans, and the impact of these forces on
living African Americans, to make recommendations to the Congress
on appropriate remedies, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FEBRUARY 10, 1995
Mr. CONYERS (for himself and Mr. MINETA) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
A BILL
To acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality,
and inhumanity of slavery in the United States and
the 13 American colonies between 1619 and 1865 and
to establish a commission to examine the institution of
slavery, subsequent de jure and de facto racial and eco-
nomic discrimination against African Americans, and the
impact of these forces on living African Americans, to
make recommendations to the Congress on appropriate
remedies, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Commission to Study
Reparation Proposals for African Americans Act’’.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.
(a) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that—
(1) approximately 4,000,000 Africans and their
descendants were enslaved in the United States and
the colonies that became the United States from
1619 to 1865;
(2) the institution of slavery was constitu-
tionally and statutorily sanctioned by the Govern-
ment of the United States from 1789 through 1865;
(3) the slavery that flourished in the United
States constituted an immoral and inhumane depri-
vation of Africans’ life, liberty, African citizenship
rights, and cultural heritage, and denied them the
fruits of their own labor; and
(4) sufficient inquiry has not been made into
the effects of the institution of slavery on living Afri-
can Americans and society in the United States.
(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this Act is to estab-
lish a commission to—
(1) examine the institution of slavery which ex-
isted from 1619 through 1865 within the United
States and the colonies that became the United
States, including the extent to which the Federal
and State governments constitutionally and statu-
torily supported the institution of slavery;
(2) examine de jure and de facto discrimination
against freed slaves and their descendants from the
end of the Civil War to the present, including eco-
nomic, political, and social discrimination;
(3) examine the lingering negative effects of the
institution of slavery and the discrimination de-
scribed in paragraph (2) on living African Ameri-
cans and on society in the United States;
(4) recommend appropriate ways to educate the
American public of the Commission’s findings;
(5) recommend appropriate remedies in consid-
eration of the Commission’s findings on the matters
described in paragraphs (1) and (2); and
(6) submit to the Congress the results of such
examination, together with such recommendations.
SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT AND DUTIES.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established the Com-
mission to Study Reparation Proposals for African Ameri-
cans (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the ‘‘Commis-
sion’’).
(b) DUTIES.—The Commission shall perform the fol-
lowing duties:
(1) Examine the institution of slavery which ex-
isted within the United States and the colonies that
became the United States from 1619 through 1865.
The Commission’s examination shall include an ex-
amination of—
(A) the capture and procurement of Afri-
cans;
(B) the transport of Africans to the United
States and the colonies that became the United
States for the purpose of enslavement, including
their treatment during transport;
(C) the sale and acquisition of Africans as
chattel property in interstate and intrastate
commerce; and
(D) the treatment of African slaves in the
colonies and the United States, including the
deprivation of their freedom, exploitation of
their labor, and destruction of their culture,
language, religion, and families.
(2) Examine the extent to which the Federal
and State governments of the United States sup-
ported the institution of slavery in constitutional and
statutory provisions, including the extent to which
such governments prevented, opposed, or restricted
efforts of freed African slaves to repatriate to their
home land.
(3) Examine Federal and State laws that dis-
criminated against freed African slaves and their de-
scendants during the period between the end of the
civil war and the present.
(4) Examine other forms of discrimination in
the public and private sectors against freed African
slaves and their descendants during the period be-
tween the end of the civil war and the present.
(5) Examine the lingering negative effects of
the institution of slavery and the matters described
in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) on living African
Americans and on society in the United States.
(6) Recommend appropriate ways to educate
the American public of the Commission’s findings.
(7) Recommend appropriate remedies in consid-
eration of the Commission’s findings on the matters
described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4). In
making such recommendations, the Commission
shall address, among other issues, the following
questions:
(A) Whether the Government of the United
States should offer a formal apology on behalf
of the people of the United States for the per-
petration of gross human rights violations on
African slaves and their descendants.
(B) Whether African Americans still suffer
from the lingering affects of the matters de-
scribed in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4).
(C) Whether, in consideration of the Com-
mission’s findings, any form of compensation to
the descendants of African slaves is warranted.
(D) If the Commission finds that such
compensation is warranted, what should be the
amount of compensation, what form of com-
pensation should be awarded, and who should
be eligible for such compensation.
(c) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—The Commission shall
submit a written report of its findings and recommenda-
tions to the Congress not later than the date which is one
year after the date of the first meeting of the Commission
held pursuant to section 4(c).
SEC. 4. MEMBERSHIP.
(a) NUMBER AND APPOINTMENT.—(1) The Commis-
sion shall be composed of 7 members, who shall be ap-
pointed, within 90 days after the date of enactment of this
Act, as follows:
(A) Three members shall be appointed by the
President.
(B) Three members shall be appointed by the
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
(C) One member shall be appointed by the
President pro tempore of the Senate.
(2) All members of the Commission shall be persons
who are especially qualified to serve on the Commission
by virtue of their education, training, or experience, par-
ticularly in the field of African American studies.
(b) TERMS.—The term of office for members shall
be for the life of the Commission. A vacancy in the Com-
mission shall not affect the powers of the Commission, and
shall be filled in the same manner in which the original
appointment was made.
(c) FIRST MEETING.—The President shall call the
first meeting of the Commission within 120 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act, or within 30 days after
the date on which legislation is enacted making appropria-
tions to carry out this Act, whichever date is later.
(d) QUORUM.—Four members of the Commission
shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold
hearings.
(e) CHAIR AND VICE CHAIR.—The Commission shall
elect a Chair and Vice Chair from among its members.
The term of office of each shall be for the life of the Com-
mission.
(f) COMPENSATION.—(1) Except as provided in para-
graph (2), each member of the Commission shall receive
compensation at the daily equivalent of the annual rate
of basic pay payable for GS–18 of the General Schedule
under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, for each
day, including travel time, during which he or she is en-
gaged in the actual performance of duties vested in the
Commission.
(2) A member of the Commission who is a full-time
officer or employee of the United States or a Member of
Congress shall receive no additional pay, allowances, or
benefits by reason of his or her service on the Commission.
(3) All members of the Commission shall be reim-
bursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary ex-
penses incurred by them in the performance of their duties
to the extent authorized by chapter 57 of title 5, United
States Code.
SEC. 5. POWERS OF THE COMMISSION.
(a) HEARINGS
AND SESSIONS.—The Commission
may, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this
Act, hold such hearings and sit and act at such times and
at such places in the United States, and request the at-
tendance and testimony of such witnesses and the produc-
tion of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda,
papers, and documents, as the Commission considers ap-
propriate. The Commission may request the Attorney Gen-
eral to invoke the aid of an appropriate United States dis-
trict court to require, by subpoena or otherwise, such at-
tendance, testimony, or production.
(b) POWERS OF SUBCOMMITTEES AND MEMBERS.—
Any subcommittee or member of the Commission may, if
authorized by the Commission, take any action which the
Commission is authorized to take by this section.
(c) OBTAINING OFFICIAL DATA.—The Commission
may acquire directly from the head of any department,
agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the
Government, available information which the Commission
considers useful in the discharge of its duties. All depart-
ments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the executive
branch of the Government shall cooperate with the Com-
mission with respect to such information and shall furnish
all information requested by the Commission to the extent
permitted by law.
SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.
(a) STAFF.—The Commission may, without regard to
section 5311(b) of title 5, United States Code, appoint and
fix the compensation of such personnel as the Commission
considers appropriate.
(b) APPLICABILITY
OF CERTAIN CIVIL SERVICE
LAWS.—The staff of the Commission may be appointed
without regard to the provisions of title 5, United States
Code, governing appointments in the competitive service,
and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and
subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to classi-
fication and General Schedule pay rates, except that the
compensation of any employee of the Commission may not
exceed a rate equal to the annual rate of basic pay payable
for GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332
of title 5, United States Code.
(c) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Commission
may procure the services of experts and consultants in ac-
cordance with the provisions of section 3109(b) of title 5,
United States Code, but at rates for individuals not to
exceed the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable
under section 5332 of such title.
(d) ADMINISTRATIVE
SUPPORT
SERVICES.—The
Commission may enter into agreements with the Adminis-
trator of General Services for procurement of financial
and administrative services necessary for the discharge of
the duties of the Commission. Payment for such services
shall be made by reimbursement from funds of the Com-
mission in such amounts as may be agreed upon by the
Chairman of the Commission and the Administrator.
(e) CONTRACTS.—The Commission may—
(1) procure supplies, services, and property by
contract in accordance with applicable laws and reg-
ulations and to the extent or in such amounts as are
provided in appropriations Acts; and
(2) enter into contracts with departments,
agencies, and instrumentalities of the Federal Gov-
ernment, State agencies, and private firms, institu-
tions, and agencies, for the conduct of research or
surveys, the preparation of reports, and other activi-
ties necessary for the discharge of the duties of the
Commission, to the extent or in such amounts as are
provided in appropriations Acts.
SEC. 7. TERMINATION.
The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the
date on which the Commission submits its report to the
Congress under section 3(c).
SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
To carry out the provisions of this Act, there are au-
thorized to be appropriated $8,000,000.
Æ